D D D a n D D n D D D D •D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D G D D D D D D D D D D D , D D D naDnanDDDDnanDnDnDnDnDDnaDDDnnDD n ^fRST^* UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY DaDnaDnDDnDDnDaDDnDDDnDDaDDDDnnD a n a D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D O D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D □ D D D D D D D >RESENTINC AN $8,000,000 A YEAR INUUblKY ^^tWNAL CRANBERRY M46>i7/yv^ APE COD iEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON SPRING SKIES -and Bare Vines Again fsy, 1943 20 cenii MAGNETIC CRYOLITE FOR THE CONTROL OF CRANBERRY WEEVIL AND FRUIT WORM Farsighted cranberry growers have already purchased their stocks of "Magnetic" Cryolite for the coming season. To those who have not prepared for their dust or spray programs, we suggest that they act promptly as the demand may exceed existing supplies. "Magnetic" Cryolite has proved to be an outstanding success for use on cranberries both as a spray or a dust. Get yours today. STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY 420 Lexington Avenue 444 Lake Shore Drive New York City Chicago, Illinois Cranberry Growers Have A Wartime Duty This Year That Duty is to PRODUCE ALL THE CRANBERRIES that can be raised and If Possible, to GROW SOME OTHER FOOD PRODUCTS AS WELL There Must Be Fresh and Processed Cranberries for the Government needs and there must be Fresh and Processed Cranberries to help sus- tain the Good Health of our civilian population. Our Government is looking for us to produce the Cranberries it has declared essential to Good Health — Our civilian markets are looking to us to give them the Cranberries they have come to desire each season. Our main job is to supply the cranberries, but by home gar- dening we. as agriculturists, can produce some of our own needs in other foods and relieve the food scarcity to this extent. BEATON DISTRIBUTING AGENCY WAREHAM, MASS. Have You Joined the CAP'S? (Cranberry Army Pool) The Government needs 50% of the 1943 crop. Have you pledged your share? The following Massachusetts grov^ers are official representatives of the "Cranberry Army Pool." They will be glad to explain to you in more detail the objectives of the Pool. Get in touch with your local representative or write to Cranberry Canners, Inc., for more information. Cranberry Army Pool Representatives DISTRICT I Hanson, Pembroke, Mai'shfield, Scituate, Brockton Mr. Alton Smith 183 High St., Hanson, Mass. Tel. Bryantvillc 202-5 DISTRICT II Duxbury, Kingston, Halifax, Plympton Mr. W. F. Wynoth West Duxbury, Mass. Tel. Hanover 216-15 DISTRICT V Middleboio, Lakeville, Easton, Holliston Mr. George Donner North St., Middleboro, Mass. Tel. Middleboro 499-M DISTRICT VI Assonet, Freetown, Rochester, Taunton, New Bedford Mr. Frank Crandon Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 19-21 DICTRICT III Plymouth Mr. George Crowell 251 Sandwich Rd., Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth 810 DISTRICT IV Carver Mr. R. M. Smalley So. Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 7-5 DISTRICT VII Wareham, Marion, Mattapoisett, Bourne Mr. Chester Vose County Rd., Marion, Mass. Tel. Marion ?.l-M-.3 DISTRICT VIII Upper Cape Mr. Seth Collins Waquoit, Mass. Tel. Falmouth 1134-J DISTRICT IX Lower Cape Mr. Howard Cahoon Harwich, Mass. Tel. Harwich 252-W Write to Cranberry Canners, Inc. CAP Department Hanson, Massachusetts. For pamphlet "An Explanation of the C A P" CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson and Onset, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. No. Chicago, 111. Markham, Wash. Coquille, Oregon C. M. Chaney Tells N. E. Sales Company All the Cranberries That Can Be Crown Will Be Needed In '43 Annual Meeting At Carver, April 15 — Members Told Ex- change Handled Larger Proportion of '42 Crop, Not A Single Loss in Any Sale in Two Successive Years, "Outside" Services Available to Members — Mass. Crop Last Fall Apparently Considerably Larger than Gov. Estimate of 525,000 Bbls. "What I think you all want to know insofar as it is possible to tell at this date is what next fall's marketing prospects are," said C. M. Chaney at the annual meeting of the New England Cranberry Sales Company at the Carver Town hall, April 15, "and I think I can best answer that question in your mines by saying, 'Go ahead and raise all the cranberries that you can. We are going to need them." "I am just as enthusiastic about the market next fall as I was about last fall's market at this time last spring." This cheerful viewpoint, as based the market, and at the end of the upon the present outlook, coming from the general manager of the American Cranberry Exchange, well summed up the general feel- ing as it appeared at this gather- ing of more than 100 growers and as it has appeared at other recent meetings. Of course these are times of uncertainty and condi- tions change overnight, and Mr. Chaney pointed out, as he did last year, that the availability of sugar would be a factor which could in- jure the outlook. "We can't tell about the sugar supply now," he added, "but we do know what the buying power of the American pub- lic is today. So I say go ahead and raise all you can — more than last year, if possible — and raise better cranberries, if possible." Figures presented at this meet- ing showed good ground for an encouraging outlook for cranberry sales this coming season. Arthur D. Benson, general man- ager of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company, reported that the New England company last year had sold 238,716 barrels, bringing a gross total of $3,091,- 990.56. Bu:k shipments of 46,934 barrels were made to Cranberry Canners, Inc. Of the amount shipped, he said, only a very small part of poor berries had reached Two season there were more orders for Eatmor berries than could begin to be filled. The average price for last year's crop was S13.48 for all berries. The Company packed 21,210 cases in cellophane at the Tremont Packing house last fall, beginning this packaging in a small way, the A. D. Makepeace company packed 69,197 for the Company, and the Company packed 9,793 cases at the Makepeace plant. Mr. Benson paid tribute to the progress of the Sales company since its organization 36 years ago with 24 members present at its first annual meeting. Three who attended the original meeting at Gushing hall in Middleboro were present, he said, these being Ben- jamin Shaw, Samuel Gibbs, and L. B. R. Barker, while Marcus Urann, who was not present at the morn- ing session, was also a charter member. He asked those three to rise. The New England Cranberry Sales Company, he explained, in addition to marketing, is giving valuable service to its members which in these critical war times many are finding to be of advan- tage. A total of 58,903 barrels was packed at the four packing (Continued on Page 5) C. M. Chaney's Report Production or crop of cranber- ries is always a subject for thought and discussion with cranberry growers and cranberry salesmen. Some of us like to start one year ahead of time guessing what the next year's crop will be, and when harvesting has actually started we try to estimate and guess what it is, and after harvesting, and even after the crop has been sold, we are still guessing to a certain ex- tent. Therefore, it is only natural for me to start my report to you on the 1942 season with an esti- mate as to the size of the crop, its quality, and then explain, as best I can, how it was sold and dis- tributed and make comparisons with other years. There is some difference in our own estimate at the present time as compared with that of the gov- ernment. However, for the pres- ent we are basing our figures on the government's estimate, but re- gardless of whether we or the government are right, it is sure that the 1942 total crop was the second largest for all time and it is the first time in the writer's memory — which goes back farther than I like to tell or brag about — when the quality, particularly the keeping quality, in all the principal producing sections was below av- erage. I am not including Ore- gon and Washington in this state- ment because of having only one year's experience of direct contact with that producing section. It is my personal opinion, however, t'rat that portion of the Oregon and Washington crop that was sold on the fresh market was above aver- age as to quality from that sec- tion and that better grading was the primary reason for the im- provement in quality. The general below avera^-e keeping quality in all other produc- ing sections resulted in a lai-ger than usual percentage of the crop being turned over to processors and it was therefore f orturate that the processing had be in ( eveloped to the extent of being able to take care of such a large percentage of the crop and that there waf. a new demand, namely from the govern- ment, for such a la-'ge percentage of the crop, mostly in dehydrated form. It is estimated the govern- ment will have taken when the present processed order has been completed in all forms, processed and fresh, approximately 27% of the 1942 crop. Getting back to the subject of production, that is, large crops and small crops, I think we are some- times inclined to allow a big crop to scare us at the wrong time. (Continued on Page IS) Issue of March, 1943 — Vol. 7 — No. 11 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Sub.scription $2.00 per year. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS MASSACHUSETTS April Not Old Man Winter A Favorable just wouldn't de- Month part gracefully from the Massa- chusetts cranberry district this year, and April, until near the end, was a cold, cloudy month. The thermometer was well below normal many days and on April 7 reached an all-aime low for that time of the year in Massachusetts. The official reading in the shelter at the State bog was 18, but grow- ers reported lower bogside tem- peratures, one of 12 above coming from Plympton. Dr. Franklin was deluged with calls from growers worrying if their uncovered bogs were in dange of injuy in the con- tirnued cold weather. He felt, however, that no injury would be caused to the buds as they had not started to swell, there having been no warm spells to push them along. The bogs were pretty much behind schedule in greening up or show- nig any signs of life. A reading of 22 was recorded at the State bog on the morning of the 22nd, and lower readings were probably noted at other, colder points. No frost warnings were sent out, al- thought there was plenty of frost. All in a^l, April was apparently a month which would not acd to the prospects of the forthcoming crop in Massachusetts, and if anything, unfortunately, conditions were such as would tend to be on the un- favorable side. All Sanding Water on many Possible of the bogs was Done drawn early, some taking it off the last few days of March. Many of those who did so at that time drew for the purpose of getting in a longer spring sanding period. A good many growers were able to take advantage of this and get a good deal of sanding cone in spite of the severe labor scarcity. Oth- ers were not able to get as much done as they wished. There has, however, been a substantial amount of sanding accomplished. Some growers did not draw ear]y and, in fact, considerable acreage is being held as late as possible. These growers are doing this because of the scarcity of bog help to see them through the frost season, and to improve quality of the berries, as late hholding, while tending to decrease quality slightly, does tend to increase quality. NEW JERSEY Cold Also Growers started tak- In Jersey ing the water off the bogs about April 10, but the majority of the bogs were not uncovered until about the first of this month. Spring weather arrived in Jersey in April, but there was some freezing weather the first part of the month. Peaches seemed definitely hurt, early indications were that apples had been more damaged by the cold than at any other time in the past 20 years, but not much dam- age was showing up on the blue- berry buds, and, of course, cran- berry vines were under water. In regard to blueberries the possibil- ities hac been before the last cold snap that the crop would be by far the largest ever produced, possibly twice the yield of last year. (Continued on Page 4) By C J. H. More About Power Picking Machines Out of this war there is consio- eiable possibility that an efficient cranberry-picking machine capable of general use may be evolved. A mechanical picker which really does a job of picking cranberries should not seem impossible in this mechanically-advanced day and age, and certainly efforts are being made toward that direction. The threat of increasing labor short- age is spurring on efforts, and while no perfected machine can probably be brought out until af- ter the war, sincere experimenta- tion is going on. Any such machines could prob- ably be only of extremely limited use this coming season. For one thing, it seems agreed that the picking experience of two or three seasons at least are necessary to discover and remedy all the "bugs" in a machine. Another limiting factor would be scarcity of ma- terials and of labor in manufac- ture. Not less than half a dozen ex- periments are being carried on in the various cranberry districts, but quite naturally those experi- menting are not releasing any de- tailed information about their in- ventions until they are perfected and protected by the patent laws. At least two or three of these men feel certain they are on the right track toward pickers which will pick. In one, at least, flooding is to be resorted to to float up the vines and berries for picking. One of the men working is John Nielson, former president of the Coos Cranberry Cooperative of Thr«e Bandon, Oregon, and he sums his work up with good philosphy. He says: "I am pretty well along on its construction, but the matter that counts is yet to be proven. I fig- ure that if it does not work I will not be any worse off than I am now, and if it does work then I wiU be considerably better off. In any event I am hoping that it does. "I see no reason why a picker cannot be made to work, as ma- chines have been made to work successfully in about everything that man has made, grown or manufactured. As I view this matter, fewer attempts have been made to power-pick cranberries than anything else. When hand labor was available, apparently no one gave the matter much atten- tion, but now when labor is scarce as it has been the past several years, then we begin to think about it." It is said there is a machine made by a machinist at Aberdeen, Washington, that works on a vac- uum principle that operates suc- cessfully, but as yet can pick the equivalent of several persons only. One machine is being developed by Robert Lenari of Manomet, well-known Massachusetts grower, who has great hopes his machine will pick efficiently. This is small, light, powered by a small motor, economical as to cost of manufac- ture and in use. He estimates it will do the work of about nine scoopers without injury to vines or bog. He is not releasing any details of principle or design as yet. At least two more ai-e under development in Massachusetts and at least one in Wisconsin. what business they are in, but when they do talk cranberries the talk is chiefly of the scarcity of labor, and apparently there is go- ing to be plenty to talk about in this respect in Jersey this season. It is going to be difficult to do the ordinary bog jobs, such as spray- ing, repairing ditches, gates and dams. Growers are at a loss to see from this distance how the crop will be harvested, but a way was found last year and the ber- ries will be gotten off somehow this year. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 3) Increasing The war has pretty Labor definitely taken the Problem center of the stage in New Jersey with the army encampments, the navy yards, the airfields and the muni- tions work, to say nothing of home denfense organizations, etc. The growers at times almost forget Sanding- About a normal Dusting amount of sanding is being done, and air- plane dusting is on the schedule. WASHINGTON Bog Came Bogs came through Through the winter all right Winter O.K. an^i ^^^e now show- ing increase i n the size of the buds, and if normal weather develops from this time on the season will be about aver- age. Spraying for fireworm will be underway about May first. Labor becomes scarcer and more difficult to obtain. Government work is absorbing most of this and, with overtime which labor is able to get in, the men are re- ceiving a week's pay which cran- berry growing could not dream of anywhere near meeting. Oregon J- J- Stankovich of Seedlings Bandon, Oregon, vis- Brought ited the Washington cranberry station in April, bringing with him some vines from seedlings developed by his father. One lot of these was from the original Stankovich plot, the other lot being of berries not unlike the Howes and a good scooper. They will both be used in this year's breeding work. Emil C. St. Jacques of Wareham, Mass., was printed in the April issue of "Extension Service Re- view," published by the Extension Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, going to every county agent in the country. The article, accompanied by a cut of the duster at work on the strawberry beds at Fal- mouth, Mass., told how this duster was developed by Mr. St. Jacques on the suggestion of Bertram Tom- linson, the county agent of Barn- stable County. NATIONAL EXTENSION PAPER HAS STORY OF DUSTER ADAPTATION Exchange Directors Vote Half Crop For Processing Annual Meeting At New York April 27 — Re-elect Officers. The story of the acaptation of a cranberry power duster into a strawberry duster (as reported in Canberries some months ago) by Delegates and directors of the American Cranberry Exchange held the annual meeting at New York April 27, elected officers and took action in regard to the Govern- ment's orders for processed cran- berries which will take approxi- mately 300,000 barrels or about half of a normal crop. The direct- ors voted to recommend to the state companies that fifty percent of the berries of the American Cranberry Exchange members be contributed to Cranberry Canners, Inc., for this purpose. In the election of officers the only change was that Theodore H. Budd of Pemberton, New Jersey, succeeds Isaac Harrison of Cross- wicks, New Jersey, as member of the executive committee. Ruel S. Gibbs of Wareham, Mass., is re-elected president and Chester M. Chaney is executive vice presi- dent and general manager. First vice president is J. C. Makepeace of Wareham; second vice president, Isaac Harrison; third vice presi- dent, Albert Hedler of Phillips, Wisconsin; secretary-treasurer and assistant general manager, E. Clyde McGrew, and assistant treas- urer, Mrs. K. F. Pratt. Directors are Ellis D. Atwood, Carver, Mass.; C. M. Chaney, New York; Albert Hedler; L. B. R. Bar- (Continued on Page 16) Four (Continued from Page 2) houses last fall, an increase of fif- teen per cent over the preceding: year. He told how the packing: houses were acting as distributing: points and stated that last year 69 members availed themselves of the spraying: and clipping: service available under the supervision of the Company "Outside Superin- tendent", Raymond Morse. Mr. Benson, as clerk and treas- urer, read the financial reports, and in conclusion to!d the mem- bers that he felt confident that by working together the greater part of all obstacles which might be met in growing, harvesting and marketing the 1043 crop could be overcome. Albert A. Thomas of Micd'.e- boro, of the auditing board, said that possibly many growers did not realize what a large job the keeping and auditing of such a complex set of books as kept by the Sales company is, and that the auditing committee found them precisely and adequately kept. Paul E. Thompson, another mem- ber of the committee, strongly urged any member, if there was any question in his own mind, no matter how foolish it might seem, to bring that question to the at- tention of the auditing committee. "This is your business," he said, "and you have every right to know everything about it." E. Clyde McGrew, assistant gen- eral manager, acded more good news of the marketing prospect in saying that Government orders as now indicated for all branches of the armed forces in this country would total about 67,000 barrels of fresh cranberries. This is a very much larger quantity than was ordered last year. "There is one thing I particular- ly want to bring home to you," he said, "and that is that you must have a sense of your responsibil- ity to the cooperative associations, both fresh and processed. Our success depends upon your respon- sibility to your cooperatives. Bear in mind this responsibility cannot be borne by the ofiicers alone with success, you must shoulder your part of it." John C. Makepeace said that the American Cranberry Exchange had handled about eighty per cent of all the fruit going on the fresh market last fall, and a'though this was larger than had been the case there was no ready explanation for it, but that that was the way it had worked out. He said that Cranberry Canners had handled about 85 per cent of all cranber- which had been processed. A particularly interestmg point Mr. Chaney discussed was that ap- parently the Massachusetts crop was larger last fall than has been estimated. The government esti- mate of 787,000 barrels for the total, undisputably making the sec- ond largest crop on record, agrees with the Exchange estimate. There is, however. Exchange shipment figures show, a discrepancy in what amounts of this crop each area grew. The Wisconsin crop was the 105,000 barrels as esti- mated, he said, but figures he had could not total to the 50,000 bar- rels for Oregon and Washington but were about 36,000 for the two states. His figures also indicated that New Jersey will not have produced more than 95,000 or 100,- 000 barrels, so that to make up the total crop New England must have grown between 540,000 to 545,000 rather than 525,000 barrels. Mr. Urann also agreed with these fig- ures. He told of the even, steady de- mand for cranberries last year and that Blacks went along almost without change in pi-ice and there was only an appreciable jump in Howes, which opened at S14 and closed at 15, and then did not fill the demand. The all-season aver- age for Blacks was S12.65; Howes, $14.34; Jerseys, $13.09; Wisconsins (a'l varieties) S15.37; and North- west berries (all varieties) $14.05. His formal report is printed in full, starting in this issue. Miss Grace White of the adver- tising firm of Batten. Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc., which handles the advertising for the American Ci'anberry Exchange, spoke very interestingly of the Eatmor campaign and referred to ' clippings which were displayed on both sides of the room. These had previously attracted a good deal of notice from the growers, as one wall contained ads while the other was covered with articles about cranberries from many periodicals and newspapers. She said that cranberries as a seasonable fruit had a real news value in the fall, and that this was being made the most of in obtaining all the pub- licity possible, as the countless clippings proved. Miss White was one of the group of five which came to the meeting fiom New York, the others, be- sides Mr. Chaney and Mr. Mc- Grew, being Miss Kathryn Pratt, assistant treasurer of the Ex- change and Lester Haines of New Jersey, traveling representative of the Exchange. Prof. Roy Mosher of Massachu- setts State College spoke instruct- ively of how the labor shortage this summer and fall might be met, speaking along the same line as he cid at the meeting of the Up- per Cape Cranberry club at Cotuit. Marcus L. Urann told in de- marketing , and Roger Weston, traveling representative of the Exchange, and Mr. Haines spoke briefly. There was a fine chicken pie dinner served at noon by the La- dies' Sewing Circle of the Baptist church. In the absence of President Ruel S. Gibbs, who was confined to his home by illness, Paul E. Thompson of Middleboro, second vice president, conducted the meeting, and the president's ad- dress was read by Mr. Benson. It follows: I very much regret that il'ness prevents me from being present at the Annual Meeting of the mem- bers, and send this message to you. As we all know, the past season has been a good one for cranberry growers. In spite of a big crop and very poor quality it was sold at prices which were very fair to the consumer and very favorable to the grower. Of course we were able to (o this because we are organized cooperatively, and be- cause the two cooperatives had built up the fresh fruit market and the canning market to the point where last year's crop could ijc consumed. It might easily have been another story if we had not had two ways to sell our berries — processed and fresh. There are two outstanding fea- tures which were adopted in the (Continued on Page 15) Fiv« Long, Informative Cape Cranberry Club Meetings Pack Three Sessions Into One for Each Club At Co- tuit and East Harwich — Elect Same Officers Again. Constantly "bigger and better", and longer would seem to be the unformulated slogan for the Massachusetts cranberry club meetings this year. This prob- ably is due primarily to the rapid- ity of changing conditions in this year of total war and the desire of the growers to keep up to the minute their information as to how to meet these conditions. At least that seemed to be the story at the Plymouth County meetings in March and was again the story at the Barnstable County meetings in April. The meeting of the Upper c'ub at Cotuit on the 5th had a large attentance and a long program; although long, lasting until nearly midnight, it was packed with in- terest, touching many phases of problems of the war. The Lower Cape Club meeting was at the East Harwich M. E. church, the 7th. President James W. Freeman of Sandwich presided at Cotuit, and a chicken pie supper preceded the business. A novelty for the grow- ers there was a new cranberry- orange marmalace which has been developed by Cranberry Canners, Inc., and which all were asked to sample before starting. Following the supper, Arthur Curtis moved a rising vote of thanks to the 'adies who prepared the dinner. Reading of recorcs and election of officers followed, the same offi- cers being nominated by the nomi- nating committee and elected. These are: Congressman Charles L. Gifford, Cotuit, honorary presi- dent; president, James Freeman; vice president. John M. Shielcs, Osterville; secretary, Seth Collins, Waquoit; Jesse Murray, Osterville, treasurer; directors, Robert Han- dy, Cataumet; David Crowell, Sandwich; Nathan Nye, Sagamore; Arthur S. Curtis, Marstons Mills. Six Cranberry Weed Control In War Time By C. E. CROSS — Cranberry Experiment Station With the increasing shortage of labor, and rising cost of labor, the use of chemical controls for bog weeds becomes increasingly im- portant, since by their use a larger number of weeds can be treated, and with proper use the chemicals can produce a more thorough and permanent control than the time-honored pi'actice of hand pulling. The need for fruit is great, it is essential that the bogs be kept in produc- tive condition, and many neglected bogs recovered by good management and the intelligent use of broadcast chemical treatments. Following is a list of weed chemicals with a note as to their availability for the 1943 growing season: A. Iron Sulphate — plentiful. B. Ferric Sulphate — sufficient, as much as last year. C. Copper Sulphate — sufficient, as much or more than last year. D. Paradichlorobenzene- — sufficient for estimated demand. E. Sodium Arsenate — plentiful. F. Sodium Arsenite — sufficient at least for normal needs. G. Ammonium Sulphamate — for the present its manufacture for agricultural uses is prohibited. H. Salt (Sodium Chloride) — plentiful. I. Kerosene — doubtful whether growers can get permits for pur- chase from the local Rationing Boards, and uncertain whether dealers will have it for sale. In addition, petroleum products are at present "pooled" in such a way that it is difficult if not impossible to determine which refining company proGuced the oil. Since the kerosene of some refineries is decidedly toxic to cran- berry vines it appears unsafe to recommend its use as a broad- cast spray during the coming season. Now let us see what weeds the available chemicals can kill; A. Iron Sulphate: Rain must follow within 10 days (or the chemical sprinkled with water) to make a broadcast or individual ap- plication eff^ective. Cranberry vines can withstand applications up to 40 lbs. per sq. rod if the chemical is distributed evenly. The larger doses will reduce the current crop appreciably. The chemical must not be broadcast on bogs younger than 4 years old. 1. Hair cap moss — 20 lbs. per sq. rod. 2. Sensitive fern — 30 lbs. per sq. roc , or treat individual plants. 3. Feather fern — 35 lbs. per sq. rod, or treat individual plants. 4. Royal fern and 5. Cinnamon fern — Mix iron sulphate and salt 10 to 1 and apply in small handfuls to each plant. 7. Tear thumb — 15 lbs. per sq. rod, late in June. 8. Long-leaf asters — 35 lbs. per sq. rod, in June. 9. Cotton grass — in sma'l handfuls at base of each plant. 10. Needle grass — 35 lbs. per sq. rod in May or June. 11. Pitchforks — 20 lbs. per sq. rod, when weed first appears. 12. Low cudweed* (everlasting) — 1 lb. in 1 gal. water at 400 gals, per acre, July or early August, safe on young bogs. B. Ferric Sulphate: Never use on immatuer bog, broadcast only on dry vines when humidity is low, brush it off the vines. Do not sprinkle with water. 1. Hardback — a small handful to each plant. 2. Wool grass and 3. Spike rush — Scatter evenly in each clump, April or May. At the Lower Cape meeting President Howard Gaboon of Har- wich welcomed the growers and told them how fortunate they were that they could meet under the friendly skies of Cape Cod and not under the warring skies of Europe, and urged the growers to scatter evenly, cover immediately with 4. Needle grass ^ „„ „ , , _ _, ■ 15 to 20 lbs. per sq. rod when weeds are 5. Cut grass )■ ^ „ . ., very young. 6. Horsetail I 7. Feather fern and 8. Sensitive fern — 15 lbs. per sq. rod, or treat individual plants. 9. Royal fern and 10. Cinnamon fern — Small handful to each plant. 11. Skunk cabbage ] 12. Water arum Small handful in crown of each plant. 13. Pitcher plant C. Paracichlorobenzene: at least one inch of sand. 1. Poison ivy and 2. Chokeberry — 7% lbs. per sq. rod in May. 3. White violets — 4 lbs. per sq. rod in late May. 4. Loosestrife — 7% lbs. per sq. rod, last half of May, gives only 75 Cf kill. D. Salt (Sodium Chloride): Use 75 lbs. in 100 gals, water. Spray lightly, not over 200 gals, per acre. 1. Fireweed — early August. 2. Wild bean — June and July. 3. Various weeds — This solution will burn off the foliage of many bog weeds, including ferns, ivy, loosestrife, etc. However, they all recover in about 1 month. E. Sodium Arsenate: Use IV2 lbs. in 100 gals, water. Spray lightly, not over 200 gals, per acre. 1. Narrow-leaved golden rod — Early August. Keeps foliage and flowers burneo off, roots remain alive. 2. Wild bean — early August. 3. Partridge pea — early August. F. Copper Sulphate: Use 20 lbs. in 100 gals, water, spray this solution in June or July. 1. Hair cap moss — 600 gals, per acre in early May. 2. Nut grass and 3. Large nut grass — 400 gals, per acre, early August. 4. Triple awned grass Never Drop seed or smoke grass early August at 400 gals, per acre. Repeat in 10 days. 6. Bai'nyard grass 7. Small bramble — place a few crystals in crown of each plant. 8. Scum, Algae — about 10 lbs. per acre scattered on ice in March G. Sodium Arsenite: CAUTION — Deacly poison to man and browsing animals. 1. Ditch weeds — drain water from ditches, use 15 lbs. in 100 gals, water, apply very heavily. 2. Shores — 15 lbs. in 100 gals, water at 600 gals, per acre, to take the place of mowing. Be careful spray does not drift onto cranberry vines. H. Kerosene: As recommended on previous weed charts. 1. Hoary alder. 2. Sweet gale. 3. Bayberries. 4. Coarse brambles. 5. Carex sps. and other sedges. 6. Dulichium. 7. Various grasses, including 8. Cut grass — hold water until May 25th, then spray at 500 to 600 gals, per acre within 8 days. do everything possible to hasten en pie supper was served by the the day of peace and to grow all ladies of the church, and with the cranberries they could, as food fewer speakers on the program was so badly needed. A fine chick- this meeting was concluded a little earlier than that at Cotuit. The same officers that served last year were re-elected, as fol- lows: president, Howard Cahoon, Harwich; vice president, Everett Howes, Dennis; secretary and treasurer, Calvin Eldredge, Pleas- ant Lake; executive committee, Nathan Crowell, East Dennis; El- nathan E. Eldredge, South Or- leans; George Bearse, Chatham; Maurice Lee, Brewster; and Car- roll F. Doane, Harwich. Marcus Urann, Ci'anberry Can- ners, speaking, as he said, at ran- dom, was so interesting and so many questions were asked that he held the floor for more than an hour at each meeting. After say- ing how glad he was to be "across the canal on the Cape" again, he praised the work the cranberry clubs were doing, and said that in originating these Tomlinson had done a great deal for the cran- berry industry. He first concerned himself with marketing, and told the growers he was afraid not enough thought was being given to the marketing end. Growers were mostly concerned with things close to them, "their bugs and their frosts," but marketing was being left largely to the selling agencies. He told of the great difficulties cranberry canners had encountered last year because of the unexpected, yet in spite of all difficulties had jumped its process- ing from 2,000,000 cases to 3,000,000 or from 200,000 to 315,000 barrel^. "Cranberry Canners is looking now for the markets after the war," he said. "I believe that al- though there may be plenty of money just after the war, there will be a slump when people will not have plenty of money. We must be ready to then offer them a fine sauce at a cost low enough to incuce them to buy cranberry sauce, if they buy nothing else. We must, and are planning ahead toward this now." It has been demonstrated that the seven and eight hundred thou- sand barrel crop can be marketed, through organized selling and processings, he said. "You need not fear the nine hundred thou- sand and the million barrel crop when it comes, as it soon will. (Continued on Pace 13) L SeT»n One of Hitler's Weapons Is Starvation - A vital weapon of ours is sufficient food To Put Is Plainly— Guts Depends Upon What Is In Them! Napoleon was right. "An army marches on its stom- ach." How well it fights depends a good deal upon what ir, in the soldier's stomach. An American soldier eats a fourth more food than he ate as a civilian; he needs twice the calories and twice the proteins to keep in tip-top fight- ing trim. He is the best fed soldier in the world. The soldiers of our allies must also be well fed, and our own civilians and the civilians of our allies. Cranberries are a health-giving food. The water is off the vines, it is frost time, and the insect will be on Hitler's side. Let's fight. Let's go all out — to produce not only the biggest possible yield of cranberries, but in our "Victory Gardens" as well. This is the twelfth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the foUow^ing public spirited firms and individuals: Colley-Cranberry Co. 17 Court St. Plymouth, Mass. National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. CRANBERRIES The National Cranberry Magazine Wareham Mass. The Federal Cranberry Co. So. Carver, Mass. Richard M. Smalley, Gen. Mgr. (^ditMals ISSUE OF MAY, 1943 Vol. 8 No. 1 V^ ^^^^^'"'''"^''^'^ COOPERATION BEARING FRUIT THERE is no limit to the cranberry in- dustry, if you will only cooperate," Mr. Urann told growers at one of the recent Cape meetings, and there does seem to be developing of late a considerable belief that greater things are in store for the cranberry industry after the war. Of course the successful prosecution of the war must come first. If we don't win the war there won't be much left for us. But with the determination to win the war there seems to be a growing feeling among the growers that the cranberry in- dustry is shaping up to "go places" when the glorious day of peace does arrive. Cranberries are receiving greater recog- nition in higher places. New markets are being opened. Cooperation and a spirit of working together is bringing about desirable re- sults. Many minds working together on various problems of cranberry growing, processing and marketing are laying broader foundations upon which to build. The extremely well-balanced programs at meetings lately, such as the Massachu- setts cranberry clubs and the Sales Com- pany meetings, speak well for the organi- zation of the industry. The cooperatives, the cranberry specialists and individual members of the industry show they are putting study and progressive thought in- to how to better grow and market cran- berries. All growers benefit from their efforts. This cooperation of minds is bear- ing fruit. SPREADING VALUABLE INFORMATION CHAIRS got a trifle hard as growers sat through the long meetings of the Massachusetts cranberry clubs, but for their pains the growers were told many, many very pertinent facts and left those meetings with better understanding of how to go about producing cranberries this season. There is much valuable meat in these meetings for those who are able to attend and listen attentively. CRAN- BERRIES, in carrying as comprehensive reports of these meetings as space will per- mit, feels it is helping carry on the good Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application work in spreading this information to growers beyond each immediate club area and who cannot attend. THE growers have a goal to shoot at this year, "all the cranberries they can grow." The Government wants at least half the crop, and must have its need filled. The growers cannot fail the Government. The Exchange reports prospects for civi- lian demand never better. If the growers can produce a sizeable crop, of better quality than last year and promptly fill Uncle Sam's war need for cranberries they are doing a wartime job. Nine Thomas Huit McFarlin, Developer of The McFarlin Variety By CLARENCE J. HALL (Continued from last month) Sampson had eight sons, Captain William McFarlin, who achieved some distinction in the Civil War and later grew cranberries, Ho- ration, who grew cranberries a little on the Pacific coast, Charles Henry, Thomas Huit, Henry Lew- is, Charles Dexter, who carried the McFarlin to Oregon and was the pioneer cranberry grower of that state and with whom Horatio was associated in growing to some extent, Peleg, who became one of the larger of the earlier Carver growers, and Jason. The sons who never became cranberry grow- ers were Charles Henry, who died as a child, and Henry Lewis, who died of wounds received in the Civil War. Joseph McFarlin, son of John, was one of the most enlightened of the earlier cranberry growers, and H. Clayton McFarlin (Cran- berries, August, 1938), son of Sol- omon, another son of John, is one of the best known of the Carver growers of today, and his bogs have been called the most beauti- ful bogs in the world. Dr. Frank- lin once referred to H. C. McFar- lin as the greatest cranberry grow- er in the country because he, more than anyone else, "had made of cranberry growing a fine art." The Carver McFarlins were, and are a cranberry-minded family. He Worked in the Iron Foundry Thomas Huit at the time he "dis- covered" and developed the variety which grew into the famed Mc- Farlin was employed by Benjamin Ellis at the iron foundry at South Carver. This was the day when South Carver was known as "The Furnace," and its interest was still in iron working and not in cran- berries. This was not true of Thomas Huit and several others, particularly he, born May 26 1833, and died Feb. 25, 1880. He was an iron worker by vocation, but he was a cranberry grower by avocation. His work at the foundry consisted of cleaning castings, and it is said that his death at a relatively early age from pneumonia was indirect- ly hastened because of the dust from this work clogging his lungs. Much of his spare time was spent in cranberry work. He lab- ored in the foundry, but his free moments were spent in the "New Meadows." Had his death not come so comparatively early in life there is little question but that the stature of Thomas Huit as a cran- berry grower would have been even larger, important as his place is in the story of cranberry growing. Thomas Huit held ceed at this time, which was in the post Civil War period, to about 80 acres of the finest cranberrybearing por- tions of the "New Meadows." The title by which he held this land has been described as rather a strange one. His deed proclaimed his title forever to "the bottom" of the property, while "the top" was held by another. That title has been interpreted as having meant that McFarlin owned the land which was owned by another owner. It is said that Atwood Shaw, who lived at Huckleberry Corner and, incidentally, was also another early interested in wild cranber- ries, probably sold the bottom to Thomas Huit and conveyed the top forever to WiUard Shaw, fath- er of the late William Shaw of South Middleboro, who eventually conveyed his interest to Stephen D. Atwood, father of Ellis D. Atwood. The deed held by William Shaw was once shown to a lawyer, who laughed and advised he had never seen anything like it, but that it was probably legal in form. Was Active in Getting Wild Cranberries Mr. McFarlin was one of the most active of these men who made a practice and a small busi- ness of gathering the wild cran- berries each falK He was one of the owners of the "New Meadows" referred to in Griffith's "History of Carver," and it is said that Thomas Huit was the owner of whom Griffin wrote as urging long lines of boys to begin their day's work in the swampy, cran- berry beds (Cranberries, March, '43). He himself is remembered as an extremely fast picker, and j it was said he could pick more j berries than any of those who J picked for him. He was the proud '' owner of one of the very early, long-handled cranberry "rakes" which some growers used when cranberry picking of wild berries was first done on a relatively large scale. He also owned one of the home-made fans for winnowing ■ the chaff from the berries. I He is remembered as a man of medium height, rather slender in build, and a man of much energy, and with his great interest in cranberries very eager each fall to get gathered as many of the wild berries as was possible. He is recalled as very forceful, a "driver," a man of iron, but as hard, or harder, upon himself as upon anyone he employed. On one particular piece of the "New Meadows," there grew a wild berry which in size and color was vastly superior to the other native berries of the area, and this patch was on the portion owned by Thomas Huit. This patch, thick- ly vined, is said to have been not more than 30, or possibly 50 feet across. Thomas recognized the superiority of this berry, and this was the variety which has come to be known by his name. This was the variety which was so prized and came to be so wide- ly planted by many of the early Massachusetts growers. It was planted in New Jersey, is extreme- ly popular in Wisconsin, and was early carried to Oregon, where the American cranberry is not native, and to the neighboring state of Washington. The McFarlin is the berry which in the variety of Massachusetts survey of 1936 was exceeded in planting only by the standard Blacks and Howes, even though this third place was far. far behind the amount of planting of those two most popular varie- ties. In Wisconsin it was second and is now third in allocated acre- Ten age and is vei'y popular on the West Coast. Its modern popularity is undoubt- edly declining in favor of the better known and moi'e marketable Blacks and Howes, as are all the so- called "fancies," but whatever its ultimate fate this berry from the wild "New Meadows" has played an important role in the develop- ment of the cranberry industry. Growers who have it know of it as a 'argre-yielding- vine, procucinp: large, handsome berries. They know it is a persistent cropper, and they know of its value be- cause of its high resistance to fal.se blossom. They also know that the vines have a tendency to criss- cross, making it a difficult berry to scoop. Thomas Huit, however, was not the only one who recognized the value of this prize variety which grew upon "Tom Huit's Meadow.. People are said to have come on moonlight nights with horse and wagon, mowed some of the vines, and taken them away. The vines could be sto'en with ease, as Thomas Huit had to start for work before daylight and had little time left after working hours. He had had the location of the "McFarlins' marked out by stakes, but this marking proved a mistake. It made the exact loca- tion plain to anyone of the moon- light vine gatherers knowing the general vicinity in which the vines grew. They knew just where to cut. This particular spot where the McFarlins originated is now at the bottom of one of the reservoirs of Ellis D. Atwood. Built Bog to Grow the Wild Variety The next logical step for Thom- as Huit after recognition of the unusual qualities of this wild va- riety, was cultivation. Cultivation was what he proceeded to do. While others were still content to pick the natural-growing berries he proceeded to build a small cran- berry bog. The spot he selected was on the northeast shore of Bates' Pond (ancient'y known as Tubb'e Pond), off the old Plymouth road fi'om Huckleberry Corner. The site was on a slope toward the pond, and he built a flume from which the bog could be drained in- to the pond. The bog, only about an acre in extent, could probably be flooded in winter, but not for frost protection, if he knew much about frost flooding. The best opinion is that he used sand in bui'ding this bog. Sand in bog building had been used for a considerable number of years on the Cape and by some other grow- ers. Sis son, Sampson McFarlin of Middleboro, is very definite in his opinion that the bog was mace with sand. Old sand pits are known to have been about it as long as 55 years ago. H. C. Mc- Farlin believes that sand was used and so does Mr. Washburn, 80, who knew the bog as a boy. If this is so, that sand was used in building, it is probable that Thom- as Huit was the first to build a bog in Carver using sand. In building this bog he has frequent- ly been considered the pioneer bog- builder, in anything like the mod- ern sense, in Carver. The date of his building is pret- ty generally set as about 1870. For one thing, Mr. Washburn re- members picking on it as a very small boy when the bog was very new, and this would bring the time of building to about that year. Received High Prices for Fruit Thomas Huit successfully cul- tivated this little bog. He is said to have received as high as $25 a barrel for the big, handsome fruit, which is very likely true, as such prices were paid in the post- war period. At any rate, from this bog and from the patch of wild vines at "New Meadows," the vine spread into the hands of other growers. Thomas Huit, himself, never be- came a large grower. There is not much doubt but that he would have had he lived longer, however. Following his death, the bog was permitted to run out. The prop- erty was occupied after his death by his brother-in-law, James S. Hudson, and Mr. Hudson eventual- ly had the bog ploughed up with oxen and it became a grass mea- dow and garden. This was about 18S7. As has been noted, the McFar- lins were highly prized even then. It has been said that when the Bowers and Russell bog was built at East Head in Carver in 1878, which was the first of the big Carver bog properties, that as many of the McFarlins as could be obtained were used in planting. The late John A. Winberg of Carver, who worked for Mr. Bow- ers, is quoted as saying he assisted in the transplanting. Charles Dexter, Thomas' brother, when he buit a bog in 1874 obtained enough of these vines, getting them from "New Meadows," or more possibly from the Bates Pond bog to have planted about 25 square rods. Others assisted in the spread of the McFarlin. Brother Peleg Noted Grower Peleg, (born Oct. 18, 1843, died Sept. 1, 1906), his younger brother, was one of those who obtained McFarlins. He did not start cran- berry cultivation until consider- ably later than Thomas Huit, not until about 1885 or a little before. He did, howqver, grow cranberries on a considerable scale at Cedar Park and became one of the larger Carver growers of that time when Carver was making its rapid pro- gress toward cranberry-growing supremacy. McFarlins were raised by many by this time. Peleg McFarlin, besides being a large cranberry grower, was one of Carver's most wide^-known men. It is said by members of the McFarlin family today that he was the smartest of the McFarlins after Huit, his grandfather. He was largely interested in Carver iron working, was one of the prin- cipal stockholders of the Ellis Foundry Company when it was or- ganized in 1872, and was its treas- urer and general manager until its dissolution in 1904. In addition to his accomplish- ments as a cranberry grower, Peleg servefl as Carver town clerk from 1872 to 1878 and was a member of the Carver school committee dur- ing that period (1873-'75), and was postmaster at South Carver Eleven in 1881. (Huit McFarlin had been Carver se'ectman and assessor back in the early decades of that cen- tury). Peleg was State Represen- tative anc then State Senator and was spoken of as a candidate for governor of Massachusetts. He also had marked talents both as a speaker and a writer. Much of his speaking and writing was upon economic and political ques- tions, but he also wrote from a purely literary standpoint. His work included both prose and poe- try. Brother Wm. S. Also a Grower Thomas Huit's eldest brother, William S., was also destined to have something to do with the cranberry business. He was one of Carver's military-minded citi- zens. His first contact with things military came when he was in his early teens. This was when he volunteered as a substitute for his father, Sampson, for State Militia drill. According to Griffith's his- tory, orders for a training drill had been left at the home of Sampson, who by that time had lost interest in the militia. Wil- liam shouldered a musket and at- tended the drill. When the name of Sampson McFarlin was called "the boy, fairly staggering under the weight of his gun, stepped for- ward as a substitute," amid the "au:?hter of the older men. Later he joined the militia and by 1858 had made his way to a captaincy in the Carver company. When the Civil War came Mc- Farlin and some of the members of his company volunteered under the first call of Lincoln as mem- bers of the "Minute Men of '61." He was mstered in in Company C, 18th Regiment, M. V. M., and left for service, volunteering for three years. Due to disability he was mustered out on Oct. 19, 1862. The Captain William F. McFarlin Proving Ground in the Halifax ceJar swamp, now used by the U. S. Navy to test guns, is named in his honor. He was greatly interested in the "Temperance" movement, being a candidate several times on the Prohibition State ticket. The Proving Giounds was named be- Twelve Cranberry Canners Working To Assure the Government of Half the Crop on A Voluntary Basis Cranberry Canners, Inc., is tak- ing hold of the matter of seeing that the Government does get its required quota of the 1943 cran- cause after his experiences in the Virginia campaign of the Army of the Potomac, being sun-struck and consequently very warm, his doc- tor advised him to seek some se- cuded spot where he could live alone and "drink plenty of good spring water." In Halifax cedar swamp he found such a place, and the spring has always since been called "The Captain's Spring." He built a log cabin and cut logs there for a year or more. William S. for a time after the war operated the bog, with Samp- son, built by Charles Dexter. Thus far three of the sons of Sampson, the early picker of wild cranberries, have been identified as cranberry growers. Jason at one time had a small bog at South Carver, in spite of the fact that he spent many years pioneering in the west. Horatio also went west and was associated in cran- berry growing there with Charles Dexter, after that member of the family had instituted cranberry growing in Oregon. As noted at the start of this article, it is not proven as any- thing but coincidence that the em- blem of the old Scottish Clan Mac- Farlane was the cranberry and the fact that the McFarlins of Carver of more modern times were so en- terprising in cranberry culture, but this is the story. An account of Charles Dexter's cranberry-growing and of his car- rying cranberry cultivation to the Pacific Northwest will be told in a subsequent issue. (Note). The information concerning the cranberry as the emblem of the Clan McFarlin was furnished by Vernon S. McFarlin of Readville, Mass., grand or great nephew of Thomas Huit, who says his research as to why the cranberry was so associated with the McFarlins is by no means exhaustive, and further study might develop more definite fa_cts. For other information the writer is in- debted to Thomas Huit's son, Sampson, H. Clayton McFarlin, and N. F. Wash- burn of Lakeville. berry crop of processed cranber- ries and further, is to see that this requirement which has been set at fifty per cent of more of the total production is voluntarily assured by the growers. Identification in- signia for those who are pledging half or more of their crop have been prepared, and in each of the cranberry districts of Massachu- setts a well-known grower is to act as official representative of Cran- berry Canners to explain and as- sist in obtaining membership for the "Cranberry Army Pool." As might have been expected, there has been widespread and prompt response from growers in planning to cooperate that the Government gets without any dif- ficulty the proportion of the com- ing crop that it needs for the armed forces and for lend-lease. At various meetings which have been held in Massachusetts since the announcement of the Govern- _ ment's needs there have been ex- m pression by growers that the Gov- ernment must, without question, be given what it asks for. As a matter of fact it has pro- ven gratifying to cranberry grow- ers that the Government has paid such a compliment to the neces- sity of cranberries in war time as to ask for enough cranberries in dehydrated form, in addition to its indicated orders for fresh cran- berries to make a total of about 300,000 barrels. On the West Coast, the growers, meeting at ■ Markham, Washington, unanimous- ly voted to subscribe to whatever quantity the Government might deem necessary. Dehydrated ci'anberries have come to be an important war food item. For one thing, the Quar- termasters Corps finds in dehydrat- ed cranberries a product which has been perfected and in use for several years and the quality of the product is a known one, not somewhat experimental, as in newer dehydrated products. De- hydrated cranberries have shown themselves to be a popular item of the menu wherever served and an appetizing food is needed to relieve the sameness of menus. There is also held to be a "senti- mental" appeal to the American cranberry. The Plymouth plant completed the 1942 dehydrating order on Ap- ril 22 which was for 1,300,000 pounds, the plant having been in operation 24 hours a day on three shifts, including Sundays and holi- days since last fall. It will not be used for dehydrating soup. To distinguish those growers who are cooperating there will be a membership certificate, a "CAP" label pin, a windshield sticker, and "CAP" posters for their bogs or packing house. Cape Club Meetings (Continued from Page 7) There is no limit to the cranberry industry if we wi'l only cooperate." In spite of the fact that canned cranberry sauce calls for eleven of the carefully conserved coupon points of the housewife, cranberry sauce since rationing started has been one of the fourth most bought of canned foods. The con- sumer demand for cocktail is also increasing. "I feel this is really extremely gratifying," he said. Cranberries have assumed a new- place since the war, he pointed out, and they are recognized as essential. They are looked upon as a uniquely "American" food by men in armed forces overseas, and he said he clearly foresaw greater things for cranberries in the fu- ture. He toM of the constant research work which was going on by Cran- berry Canners, and said that one of these was a new cranberry- orange marmalade. The cranberry content of this came from "press- cake," a by-product of preparing cocktails. Enough of this sub- stance to make 500,000 cases is available if Government permis- sion can be obtained to make the new product. As another development he re- vealed at the Harwich meeting the fact that three picking machines were being woi'ked upon for Cran- berry Canners (rumors of picking machines in experiment were men- tioned in last month's issue) and of one of these he said there was especially good promise. It weighed less than 200 pounds and would do the work of about 75 men. However, he said that as yet he could make no px'omise that it would be netirely successful, as it had not yet been sufficiently tested. It works on a principle which combs the berries from the vines, the berries then being caught by a suction. He told of plans of Cranberry Canners and of services it was ready to offer members, such as locker space in the freezers this summer and for mass preserving of fruits and berries at cost to the members as a means of adding to the food supply. At the Cotuit meeting he called upon H. Gordon Mann, sales manager of Cran- berry Canners, to tell of how the Government interest in cranber- ries had developed since the start of the war. Mr. Mann said he went down to Washington three years ago at- tempting to sell cranberries to the Government. "They all but asked what a cranberry was," he said. "They absolutely would not place it upon the direct army food list." He explained that men who knew the food value of cranberries came into positions to purchase army supplies and that a complete turn-about in regard to Govern- ment buying of cranberries had come about. "It is a wonderful thing," he said, "how popular cran- berries have become in Govern- ment esteem." George Harbour, head of the finance division of Cranberry Can- ners, said that this division was in position to make money avail- able to those who had sound prop- ositions for borrowing, and urged growers to make use of the facil- ities which were avai'able to mem- bers. Mr. Urann had been asked at the Cotuit meeting to compare cranberries in the first World War with cranberries in the sec- ond, but said he did not possess sufficient first war cranberry in- formation to make the comparison. Dr. Franklin was called upon next and began his talk by saying that perhaps he could say .something upon that relationship. The peak of cranberry produc- tion trend in Massachusetts, he said, reached its greatest growth in 1914, the year the first war be- gan, then it fell back and stayed down until 1937, or just before this war, when it again broke through the "ceiling." He said that bog upkeep during the first war had suffered because of lack of labor. "With this war we will probably have similar conditions, I expect. There may of necessity be consid- erable neglect upon some bogs this time also. We shall have to wait and see." Turning to insect control, he told the growers they could be certain of stomach insecticides, so that the situation there would not be changed. But he said Derris was decidedly out of the picture and the extent to which pyrethrum may be available is not definitely known. "How shall we manage the insect problem in view of this situation? "An answer can be in manage- ment and partly through the use of water. Every bog should be stucied carefully for its insect population. Use the net. Some insects can be controlled very ef- fectively through water." He said that on many bogs, water treatment should be given this year. For one thing it could cut blunt-nosed leaf hopper infes- tation by half, and would thus make the available .supply of py- rethrum go that much farther where it had to be used. He said, however, that he was recommending the use of water this year only because this was not a normal year. If conditions were normal he would not recommend so heartily the use of flooding be- cause of its (angers. Flooding in May and early June is effective, he said, but it is a necessary evil. It is the better choice of neces- sary evils we must take. We flood for frosts and we flood for certain insects even though we know that to do so is apt to reduce the crop. There is a general feel- ing among growers of experience that flooding does reduce the crop, and my studies show that this Thirt««D feeling is a very sound feeling. "It has long been known that frequent flooding tends to have a long range effect in increasing black-headed fireworm infestations and there is likelihood of infecting the vines with fungous diseases. Nature has definite laws which you upset when you flood." He said that even excessive rain in May, June and July was detrimental in Massachusetts. This is not true in New Jersey or Wisconsin. There, in fact, heavy rainfall in these months is beneficial because of different climatic factors. Dr. Cross followed with his talk upon weed control, the substance of which he prepared in the article accompanying this account. Prof. Roy E. Mosher of the Massachusetts State college, speak- ing at Cotuit, gave an extremely in'teresting talk upon the farm labor situation as it may be han- bled this coming season. He said the lowering of the draft age to 18 years had eliminated one source of labor supply and another source, that of experienced help, could not be counted upon. "We will have to rely a great deal upon a younger group, boys and girls from 14 to 17 years, and upon "green", inexperienced wor- kers, members of the white collar class, and factory workers who may be able to give some off-shift hours to agriculture," he said. "This will mean a constantly shifting labor supply. It will call for the greatest patience and tol- erance on the part of the grower. This help will be inexperienced. It will make mistakes. But this unavoidable inexperience making mistakes must be borne with, with utmost patience." He explained that it was planned to obtain this necessary fai'm labor through the local County Agent. He called the County Agent one of the busiest and most important of war time workers. (An article appeared in last month's issue of CRANBERRIES about this). He said it was planned to set up local labor coordinators to work under the supervision of the County Ag- ent. Prof. Moyer said that a great deal of this new labor could be recruited from the grower's im- Fourteen Victory Will Come Some Day xXND after the War, we foresee an even greater future for the cranberry industry. We are planning for that glorious day when we can serve you to your fullest desires in cranberry equipment and repair service. Right NOW we can Give you Service in Repairs and Repair Parts, Can Still Manufacture a few Small Pumps, Service on Separators and Belt Screens. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MFC. CO. WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS E. C. St Jacques mediate neighborhood. Each local area must be recruited to the full- est possible extent. It was here that the greatest labor potential- ity lay, he said. Arthur D. Benson, general man- ager of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company, told at Co- tuit, as he did at the Plymouth County meetings, how another good marketing year was in pros- pect, saying that orders were in, even now, for more fresh berries than would be available. He said the Sales Company was still in business and had been since 1907 and that it successfully served the growers last year in one of the best years the industry ever had and was ready to do so again. He said the Sales Company ever since last fall had been working upon the packaging situation. After a good deal of difficulty a priority of AA4 had been obtained for wooden boxes and this was pretty high in rating. Efforts were being made to prevent a packaging shortage similar to that which prevailed last year. Last year there was a shortage of nails for wooden boxes. A sufficient supply of nails has already been obtained and is ready waiting. The Sales Company is offering a spring spraying service to its members and has been instrument- al in obtaining through this service the draft deferment of some key men for some of the growers. He urged growers to grow all the berries they could, and felt the marketing situation could be taken care of. Russell Makepeace spoke of the chemical situation, substantially as described before, but in regard to pyrethrum said he still could only say he hoped that about 70 per cent of what the growers needed would be available, but even this might be dependent upon various factors. He said he could only repeat and repeat that to be insured of enough agricultural chemicals the growers must get in their orders and actually get the supplies as soon as they were available. Peter Griffin spoke on the same subject for Cranberry Canners at the Lower Cape meeting, saying that very day a telephone call to Washington showed the latest Government allocations of pyreth- rum was only 110,000 pounds for cranberries for the entire state of Massachusetts. \f Andrew Ken- of the legislative committee made a few remarks at Cotuit, and Mr. Tomkinson con- cluded both meetings briefly, as it was so late, and showed two reels of colored film he had taken of modern farming on Cape Cod. He said it was interesting to know of the problems of other agricultur- ists than cranberry growers, and his film showed mechanical oper- ations on the Vegarclen farm near Camp Edwards which is the largest vegetable garden in all New Eng- land, as well as including some views of modern farm work on some other Cape properties. It was surprising to many Cape Cod- ders to learn that New England's biggest vegetable farm was locat- ed on the Cape and that several Cape farmers were intensively em- ploying the most modern farm machinery. Emil St. Jacques of Wareham. proprietor of the Hayden Separ- ator Mfg. Company, gave the growers at both meetings some very much desired definite inform- ation as to the cranberry equip- ment situation as it stands now. Hand tools, he said, are not ra- tioned, require no certificate, and are reasonably plentiful. Separ- ators, belt screens and other screen- ing equipment are not rationed, requiring no certificate. Pumps of more than 1200 gallons a minute capacity may not be manufactured, although those of lesser capacity may be, but do require a purchase certificate. Dusters are very lim- ited, county quotas being set ex- tremely low. The most cheerful part, he said, was in regard to repair and re- pair parts, and the situation here as regards supply is easier than it was earlier in the spring. The Government is desirous of keeping present farm machinery in opera- tion and has made repair parts available merely upon a "certifi- cate of needs", signed by the ap- plicant. From Mr. St. Jacques' summary it appears that growers probably will be able to get along in their mechanical needs. Cranberries Needed (Continued from Page 5) handling of last year's crop by this company: 1. The deduction of 11/2% of gross receipts of the sales of the crop toward the purchase of $250,000.00 worth of Cranberry Canners stock. It seemed to work out smoothly, with no particular hardship on any member. We are now a substantial stockholder in Cranberry Canners. 2. The All Season Pool was al- so put into effect in handling last year's crop. The method has been talked of and discussed for many years. I have had a few compli- ments from members on the ve- sults of this pool. I have had no complaints. In my opinion the All Season Pool is the best and cheap- est insurance policy which this company has ever given to its members. We are now interested in the marketing of next season's crop. What is going to happen? We know that many things are going to happen. The size of the crop — the sugar situation — the labor situation — transportation — and many other factors will tell the story at the end of the season. I think the most important thing which will come before us for ac- tion before another crop is mar- keted is the fact that Mr. Urann has asked for a nledge of 50% or more of the total of next season's crop to the Ci'anberry War Pool, so that Cranberry Canners may be able to fill the Government or- ders for the Army, Navy, and Lend-Lease. This is quite a large percentage to pledge to the processed market. It is a very vital question to the American Cranben'y Exchange. The Exchange does not process cranberries, and it does not sell processed berries. This matter will come before the Directors of the Exchange at the New York meeting. These Directors will represent New Eng- land, Wisconsin, and New Jersey. It wall need thorough consideration and require much discussion by them and their recommendations will be given to us to act upon. This proposition has a great deal of merit, but to be an entire suc- cess a large percentage of the growers must take part in the plan. I thank the members for their loyal support during the past year and I compliment Mr. Benson, Miss Pitman, and the rest of the loyal employees for their fine work. We must have cooperation and more cooperation to continue to have a successful industry in the future. Following election by ballot for directors, the directors elected of- ficers for the coming year, with Miss Sue A. Pitman, acting clerk of the balloting. Ruel S. Gibbs of Wareham was re-elected presi- dent; Ellis D. Atwood of South Carver, first vice president; Paul E. Thompson of Middleboro, second vice president; Arthur D. Benson, clerk, treasurer, and general man- ager; and Miss Sue A. Pitman, assistant. Directors of the American Cran- berry Exchange elected were: L. B. R. Barker, Ruel S. Gibbs, Ellis D. Atwood, John C. Makepeace, Marcus L. Urann, George A. Cow- en and A. D. Benson. District one (Hanson, Pembroke, Marshfield, Duxbury, Kingston, and Plymouth): Paul E. Thompson, Middleboro; Kenneth G. Garside, Duxbury; George E. Short, Island Creek, and Marcus L. Urann, South Hanson. District two (Plymouth): L. B. R. Barker, Buzzards Bay; George Briggs; Harrison F. Goddard; Robert C. Hammond, (Dnset; and C. D. Howland. District three (Middleboro): John G. Howes and Albert A. Thomas. District four (Carver): Ellis D. Atwood, H. R. Bailey, Frank H. Cole, Homer L. Gibbs, Ruel S. Gibbs, Carroll D. Griffith, E. S. Mosher, Bernard E. Shaw, and Frank F. Weston. District five (Assonet, FreetowTi, Lakevil'e, Rochester, Taunton, and Marion): Arthur D. Benson, George A. Cowen, and Nahum Morse. District six (Wareham): Arthur E. Bullock, Dr. Henry J. Franklin, John C. Makepeace, and Carl B. Urann. District seven (Barnstable Coun- ty): J. Foxcroft Carleton, Louis A. Crowell, William Crowell, Fred S. Jenkins, Russell Makepeace and W. F. Makepeace. C. M. Chaney's Report (Continued from Pace 2) That is, we attach too much im- portance to the size of the crop and not enough to other important factors. I am stil old-fa-^Inonta enough to be a firm believer in the law of supply and demand, but that demand is by far the .^nst im- portant factor affecting financial returns for any crop or any com- modity. In other words, .^o long Fift««B as the demand is equal to or in excess of supply, there should be no trouble in the marketing- end of the business, whether ihe com- modity is cranberries or automo- biles. It is the job of your sales agents to develop this demand and keep it developec, and let av3 sav here that equitable distribution and stabilization of the market play an important part in the building up and maintaining of such demand. Of course, the buy- ing power of the consuming pub- lic is always a very important fac- tor. For instance, we are right now in an era when by reason of the immense buying power of the public the demanc is considerably in excess of the supply of practic- ally all commodities rationed and unrationed. True, we must have production before we have any- thing to sell, but how ^ong would you continue to produce cranoer- ries if they could not be sola at prices that return to you a reason- able or fair profit? Two very important factors in arriving at a price at which to sell any commodity are the per capita production and the probable per capita consumption at the price we would like to establish and receive. Furthermore, we always must bear in mind that cranberries are sea- sonable, more seasonable than per- ishable, and this is equally true after they have been processed. Processing recuces the perishabil- ity in a greater ratio than it lengthens the season. This, how- ever, should and doubtless will change with the continued promo- tion of the sale of processed cran- berries during the spring and sum- mer months. In looking at the crop records that we have back to 1877 — which, by the way, is considerably fur- ther back than even I can remem- ber— I fine that the largest per capita production of cranberries was in the year 1937, but not the per capita consumption, for that was the year, as most of you know, when approximately 200,000 bar- rels were put in the freezers and marketed in processed form during the two following seasons. The next 'argest per capita pro- duction, which in reality was the largest of all, was in 1914. Mar- keting conditions were unfavor- able. It was the beginning of World War I, no advertising, no processing; only 38 V. of the Cape Cod crop and only 507< of the to- tal crop was sold through the Ex- change; average price S3. 97 per barrel. The next largest per capita pro- duction was in 1926, being practic- ally the same as in 1914. Market- ing conditions were more favor- able, although not perfect. Nat- ional consumer advertising had been carried on for a period of Sixteen eight years, having begun in 1918. The average price was $7.04 per barrel. In the years 1906, 1915 and 1928 the per capita production was ap- proximately the same. While I c'o not have actual records for 1906, I do remember that the A. U. Chaney Company paid the growers $5.00 per barrel for Early Blacks and as high as $6.00 per barrel for Late Howes, but shut off" cash buy- ing long before the crop was mar- keted. The Exchange average price in 1915 was |6.32 per barrel and in 1928 it was $14.30 per bar- rel, the all time high to date. The per capita production in 1941 was approximately the same as in 1933, but the Exchange aver- age price in 1941 was $12.49 per barrel, as against $6.51 in 1933. I need not point out to you the dif- ference in economic conditions and buying power of the general public in these two years. The net per capita production for '42, that is, after deducting approximately 150,000 barrels tak- en out of the country on govern- ment orders, was the same as in 1912. The average price was $6.63 in 1912 and $13.48 in 1942. The next two large per capitu production years were 1909 an., 1910, being approximately the same as the gross per capito pro- duction in 1942. The Exchange average price in 1909 was $5.15, and in 1910 -was $5.63 per barrel. In 1909 and 1910 there were two competing cooperatives, neither of which controlled a large enough percentage of the crop to eff'ective- ly stabilize the market and the re was no consumer advertising en cranberries that year or any pre\ ;- ous year. Now, some of you are probably ready to ask what is the point I am trying to make. It is this — supposing we were back to some of these past seasons, particular'y 1906, 1909 and 1910, so far as mar- keting facilities are concerncc — that is, no real cooperation, no consumer advertising, no develop- ment of the processing of cran- berries— what prices would we have the nerve to ask when taced with the gross per capita pi educ- tion of 1942? Let me repeat here what you have often heard from your sales agents. The cost of production has very little, if anything, to do with what you can sell your cran- berries for. Now I will try to get back on the main track and explain as best I can what happened during the 1942 marketing season, but before the blackout for the showing of the slides, I wish to tell you that your Exchange's total volume of busi- ness in money during the 1942 season was $4,104,766.39; that its losses in bad debts were zero, being the second year in succession of such record; that the total ex- pense, exclusive of advertising, was 3.879f of the business done, the lowest percentage of expense for all time, and with the adver- tising added the expense was 7.179f. Also, after setting aside $5,000 as a contingency reserve fund, which action was taken by your Executive Committee at their meeting in New Yoi'k on April 8, we had an expense reserve of $44,456.89, which has already been refunded to the State Companies. This is the largest refund that your Exchange has been able to make during any one season since its txistence. Half Crop for Processing (Continued from Paee 4) ker, Buzzards Bay, Mass.; George A. Cowen, Middleboro, Mass.; J. C. Makepeace; A. D. Benson, Middle- boro, Mass.; Edward Crabbe, Toms River, New Jersey; Guy Nash, Wisconsin Rapids, Misconsin; The- odore H. Budd, Pemberton, New "er^ey; Ruel S. Gibbs; Guy N. Pot- ter, Camp Douglas, Wisconsin; Franklin S. Chambers, New Lis- bon, New Jersey; Isaac Harrison and M. L. Urann, South Hanson. Mass. O. P. A. To Grant Kerosene for Weed Control A letter from John M. Deely of the Massachusetts Office of Price Administration at Boston to Cran- berry Canners, Inc., states that in so far as Massachusetts rationing boards are concerned there should be no difficulty in issuing to cran- berry growers "such rations (kero- sene) as are necessary to conduct an agricultural pursuit, such as growing- cranberries." The letter further states that if any diffi- culty is encountered by growers with individual local boards the State office would inform the boards as to proper procedure. This permission to use water- white kerosene for cranberry weed control, as has been the practice for the past several years, should be welcomed by the growers, who have come to rely on this method of weed control, and particularly this year, in view of labor condi- tions. Extension Service To Help With Labor Shortage Cranberry g:rowers who expect to be short of labor this season (and what grower doesn't know he is going to be short?) may find it advantageous, it is hoped, to keep in pretty close touch with their County Agents in Massa- chusetts. In Massachusetts there has been a special appropriation made possible by action of Gover- nor Saltonstall, and the Extension Service has been assigned the task of trying to supply labor for farms which, of course, include cranberry properties, as has been explained by Prof. Mosher at meetings. Govei'nor Saltonstall appointed a special farm labor executive com- mittee in February and this com- mittee has been working hard on the problem ever since. In Ply- mouth and Barnstable counties the plan calls for the hiring of a labor supervisor who will be responsible for the work in both counties. Those who need assistance on la- bor will have to file a standard labor order card. Every effort is to be made to meet these labor requirements, but the Extension service points out it cannot do the impossible, and much of this labor so made avail- able may have to be mostly high schoo' boys. It is admitted that such inexperienced labor is in the way of a handicap, but in the long run it might prove beneficial, for it would be training an adc itional number of young people to cran- berry work, and, too, there is al- ways the possibility that some of these boys and girls may develop an aptitude for cranberry growing, and therefore might become wor- thy growers in years ahead. So it appears it may be a good policy for Massachusetts growers to keep in touch with their agents, Joe Brown in Plymouth county (who will have the hiring of the Plymouth-Bai nstab e supervisor) , anc Bertram Tomlinson in Barn- stable. ELECTRICITY is playing- its part in winning the war and in helping you to grow the cranberries your Government wants. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Best for the Purpose CRANBERRY BOXES MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE Grown and Manufactured Here F. H. COLE Established ITnT MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOCKS NORTH CARVER. MASS. To). 1rt-."» We Have Listing* of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANKY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 4 4-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 6: ARIENS7>7/&r THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 fT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. Box 508 toiLLioN WIS HERE COME YOUR ALLIES! ► COOPERATION . .. that's the keynote in solving 1943's marketing problems. No one grower can do it alone. But the cooperative growers and marketers of Eatmor Cranberries have an army of allies. Cooperative mar- keting, market analysis, advertising in newspapers, magazines and on the air, recipes on food pages — they all add up to selling the crop! r,atittor era nberrie PRESENTING AN $8,000,000 A^^^INDUSTRY \PE COD BW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CHARLES DEXTER McFARLIN Massachusetts Man, Oregon s Pioneer Grower lune, 1943 20 cent: MAGNETIC CRYOLITE FOR THE CONTROL OF CRANBERRY WEEVIL AND FRUIT WORM Farsighted cranberry growers have already purchased their stocks of "Magnetic" Cryolite for the coming season. To those who have not prepared for their dust or spray programs, we suggest that they act promptly as the demand may exceed existing supplies. "Magnetic" Cryolite has proved to be an outstanding success for use on cranberries both as a spray or a dust. Get yours today. STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY 420 Lexington Avenue New York City 444 Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois That Our Children May the sooner be playing in a world of peace and of free men, Wisconsin grow- ers are making every effort to raise all the cranberries possible, and all the other foods we can. We know that ample supplies of all healthy foods will help to bring us and all allies victory. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin liaQHeny flii Pool" I SuDscM Two weeks after being launched, the Cran- berry Army Pool has subscriptions for 200,000 barrels towards its 300,000-barrel goal, indi- cating growers are eager to do their share to- ward feeding the Armed Forces. Among the larger companies which have pledged 50% of their crops are: New England Cranberry Sales Company Growers' Cranberry Company of New Jersey Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company A. D. Makepeace Company John J. Beaton Company United Cape Cod Cranberry Company as well as 103 other growers, whose total pledges equal many thousands of barrels. If you haven't already joined the CAP, come aboard! 100,000 barrels more are need- ed to fill the Government order. 300,000 Bbls. 150,00(1 1 10, .500 35,500 May li I ;i 4 :; For more information about the Pool, call any of these CAP rep- resentatives or any of the offices of Cranberry Canners, Inc. Cranberry Army Pool Representatives District I Hanson, Pembroke, Marshfield, Scituate, Brockton MR. ALTON SMITH lS;j High St., Hanson, Mass. Tel. Bryantville 202-5 District II Duxbury, Kingston, Halifa.x, Plympton MR. W. F. WYNOTH West Duxbury, Mass. Tel. Hanover 216-15 District III Plymouth MR. GEORGE CROWELL 251 Sandwich Rd., Plymouth, Mass Tel. Plymouth 810 District IV Carver MR. R. M. SMALLEY So. Carver, Mass. Tei. Carver 7-5 District V Middleboro, Lakeville, Easton, Ilolliston MR. GEORGE DONNER North St., Middleboro, Mass. Tel. Middleboro 49H-M District VI Assonet, Freetown, Rochester, Taunton, New Bedford MR. FRANK CRANDON Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 19-21 District VII Warehani, Marion, Mattai)oisett, Bourne MR. CHESTER VOSE County Rd., Marion, Mass. Tel. Marion :n-M-3 District VIII Upper Cape MR. SETH COLLINS Waquoit, Mass. Tel. Falmouth 1134-J District IX Lower Cape MR. HOWARD CAHOON Harwich, Mass. T.l. Harwich 252-W CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson and Onset. Mass. New Egypt, N. J. No- Chicago, 111. Markham, Wash. Coquille, Oregon CRANBERRIES PHOTO Russell Makupuacu holds up for view (as he did at recent Massachusetts Cranberry Club meetings) two of the pack- ages. The one in his right hand will make helpings of cranberry sauce for about 100 persons, while the smaller one is an individual size which will make about a pint of sauce. A. D. Makepeace Company Will Be Ready To Meet the Trade Demand With A Compressed, Dehydrated Package This Firm, Which Has Been Dehydrating for More Than Thirty Years Has Attractive Product for War Utility and Peace Times Public interest in the modern de- hydrated food development has been growing- fast, due to the great demand for this type of food to be exported — to feed the men of our armed forces and through the Lend-Lease program for our allies. The requirements have been esti- mated as 1,500,000,000 pounds. This is as much as was used by the entire canning industry in a nor- mal year. Dehydrated cranberries are re- quired proportionately. Fortunate- ly the Industry is not unprepared. Cranberry Caners, Inc., has been interested for a number of years and has recently completed a very large contract for the Army. It is planned that their expansion this year will provide facilities for each of the producing states. A. D. Makepeace Co., in Ware- ham, is also expanding its dehy- dration equipment to help meet the new demands. Theirs has been a long experience in this pro- duct, the present plant of the tun- nel type having been operated over thirty years. Years ago the ber- ries were sliced, dried, and pack- aged for consumers and large us- ers; through the years the U. S. Navy and institutions took most of the production. For some time the berries have been punched with small holes, by machine, making it possible to dehydrate the whole berry and thus make a whole fruit sauce. Needing but little space to store the fruit and eliminating spoilage problems on long voyages the men could be assured of { bright sauce with their traditiona chicken and turkey dinners. The dried fruit has been packec loose in one pound slip cover tins the 1943 program involves a revis ion of containers and packages- metal must be eliminated wheri possible. Compression has entere(. the picture! The compressed oni pound blocks with a volume of lesi than 50 cu. in. compared with 17( cu. in. loose in a can will nlaki enough sauce for 100 men. Fivi thousand barrels of compressed de hydrated fruit can be shipped in box car compared with 300 barrel: of fresh fruit in a reefer. ValuabL as that saving of space is, on ou ocean-going boats it is of first im portance. Instead of tin cans, fibre carton protected by wax and packed ii fiber boxes are being planned. Th( packing is more complex but so arn the shipping and storage problems Cargoes to the Army and Navy ii the South Pacific, Africa, Alaska (Continued on Page 16) Issue of June, 194.3 — Vol. 8 — No. 2 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.00 per year. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Spring Not April as a Conducive to month in Massa- Large Crop chusetts did noth- ing to indicate a large crop this coming fall and now May has passed with conditions which were not particularly con- ducive to increase the expectation. April was not. only dificient in temperature, but was also consid- erably below normal in rainfall. This deficiency, one of about an inch, would have prevented the de- sired "build-up" of spring rainfall (as recently explained by Dr. Franklin at growers' meetings, and he has come to believe this build-up to be an important fac- tor in the size of the current year's crop. While May seemed cold to growers, figures at the State Bog show that the tempera- ture will probably be pretty near a flat normal for the month, with the result that where the vines were considerably behind normal in April they are probably now only about four days behind, in the opinion of Dr. Franklin. There was considerable rainfall. Still, the net result of these first two months of the season left niuch to be desired. Many Frost Growers were Warnings troubled consider- ably by frosts and more particularly by the trouble of frost warnings. This meant the use of water, which would not have helped the vines any. The fir.^t night of May brought a severe frost, and on Sunday, May 2nd. temperatures as low as 16 were re- ported with perhaps an average of 18 or 19. One grower had read- ings of 12. There was probably little damage as the warning was out and most growers had sufficient water. A cold, rainy spell broke in the late afternoon of May 22, con- ditions looking very bad until about ten o'clock the weather changed, and again clouded up for the night. Labor Is As is general every- Scarcer where the greatest Than Ever worry of the grow- ers is the eternal wartime question of where the la- bor supply is coming from. The growers at this writing just don't see how there will be enough for the summer bog work and for har- vest, but they of course are going ahead, trusting to cross bridges as they come. Perhaps the average rate of pay for usual bog work is 60 cents an hour, with men with especial competence and skill get- ting a little more. Strictly weed- ing pay is less. WISCONSIN Long Growers put in nearly Frost two weeks of the most Period troublesome frost per- iods of many years dur- ing mid May. Warnings were sent out nearly nightly and on a num- ber of occasions there were heavy frosts on many of the marshes. A good deal of water was used, but as all Wisconsin mai'shes have flowage and warnings were given and there were sufficient supplies the crop would probably not have suffered much, if any. Tempera- tures down to below the 20s were reported. The season has been about two full weeks behind nor- mal, which would have made the vines less liable to flooding injury, and it is generally believed the be- lated season will have little eff'ect upon crop prospects except in de- laying the harvest and this may be caught up with during the coming growing season. Marshes In the estimation of Wintered Vernon Goldsworthy Well the state could have 110,000 to 125,000 bar- rels under normal growing condi- tions this year as the vines came through the winter in good shape, with the exception of those that did not pull the water from under the ice. Such vines suff'ered leaf- drop as predicted last fall. Water should not stand on the vines for any length of time under ice and snow and if it does it is almost a sure bet, in the opinion of Mr. Goldsworthy, that leaf-drop in some of its stages will result and this is the case on some marshes. Vines which were not flooded at all and merely covered with snow for the winter generally came through in excellent shape. This practice has to* be handled with caution, as unless the vines can be reflowed if a thaw exposes them in the winter, winter or spring killing may result. There also seems to be some danger of possible actual smothering from heavy snows and there is one case this spring where vines were injured and apparently by this cause. Worm Threat Fireworm. it is May Be Worse felt, may be ex- pected to be just as bad as last year and maybe a little worse. Fruitworm is also expected to be worse this year than last, due to the fact that the unusually heavy snows protected the pests pretty well during the winter. (Continued on Page 5) Three Progress Report On the U. S. Department of Agriculture Cranberry- Breeding Project By HENRY F. BAIN (1) An account of the general plan and purposes of the cranberry breeding program being conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with State agencies and growers' or- ganizations in the three leading States appeared in the March 1940 issue of CRANBERRIES. The present brief report brings the account of the project up to date (end of the 1942 season). It was pointed out in the for- mer article that crossing as a means of improving varieties had not been attempted with the cran- berry prior to 1929, and conse- quently crosses were made be- tween more varieties than would otherwise have seemed desirable. This phase of the program was suspended after the 1938 season, and the time since has been de- voted to growing the seedlings for performance tests. Table 1 summarizes the princi- pal crosses made and seedlings obtained to date, and shows where the different lots are located at the present time. More than 10,500 seedlings have been pro- duced (the table does not include material from a few minor varie- ties, nor seedlings from self- pollinations in a number of va- rieties). Forty seedlings were retained for further trial after completion of preliminary tests on the first group of nearly 1,800 plants to fruit in New Jersey. Six thousand seven hundred more seedlings are growing in New Jersey, 2,000 in Massachusetts, and 900 in Wisconsin, the latter consisting entirely of cuttings from the more promising New Jersey material. Of the seedlings in Massachusetts, 1,150 are in the recently established seedling nur- sery on a small bog provided by the A. D. Makepeace Company. The nursery is about one mile north of the Makepeace Company's Frogfoot bog, or about five miles north of Wareham. The remain- der are on the State bog near East Wareham. These seedlings may be seen at any time by anyone interested. The preliminary selection of 40 plants from the first lot of 1,800 to bear fruit, listed in the next-to- last column of Table 1, was made on the basis of two seasons' fruit- ing records, although most of the plants in the group had borne some fruit an additional year previously. The selections were made in the following manner: Each cross was first considered independently of the others. Tables were" construct- ed in which individual plants of the crosses were arranged in de- scending order of excellence in yield, in freedom from rot, in ap- peai-ance, and so far as records were available, in resistance to false blossom as determined by the method of Wilcox and Beckwith (2). In order to receive consider- ation, a plant had to rank near the top in one classification and at least above the middle in the other three. Plants with these qualifications were then checked for vine characters, date of ripen- ing, berry size, etc., and if satis- factory in all these respects were tentatively held until the proced- ure was completed for all crosses; further eliminations were then mace by balancing these best plants against each other as a group. In some cases, no plants in a cross rated high enough to be kept. An over-all idea of the general type of plant retained for further testing may be gained from the following summary of characters in the 40 seedlings thus far se- lected: The five Early Black x Howes plants had an average yield (for 2 years, calculated to a per-acre basis) of 44 to 96 bar- (1) Senior pathologist. Division of truit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Kesearch Administration, U S Depart- ment of Agriculture. (2) Wilcox, R. B. and C. S. Beck- with. A factor in the varietal resistance of cranberries to the false-blossom di- sease. Jour. Agr. Res. 47 (8):583- 590. October 15, 1933. rels, an average berry size rang- ing from 80 per cup from one plant to 100 per cup for the plant hav- ing the smallest fruit, all berries with the typical Howes gloss, and fa'se-blossom resistance indices of 3, 3, and 4 for 3 of the plants (on a scale employed by Wilcox, where very susceptible Howes - 7, and resistant McFarlin - 3); the 4 Early Black x McFarlin plants yielded at the rate of 72 to 109 barrels per acre, the berries mea- sured from 65 to 70 per cup, and the fa^-se-blossem index of 3 plants was 5 in each case; the 3 Early Black x Searls had yield rates of 49 to 107 Barrels per acre, cup counts of 75 to 80, and false blossom indices 1, 1, 3; the 2 Howes X Searls yielded 103 and 111 barrels, cup counts were 70 and 95, berries were glossy, and the false blossom indices were 4 and 3, respectively; the McFarlin ing, yielded 102 barrels, the cup X Bennet plant, very late in ripen- count was 48, berries were glossy, and the false blossom index was 2; the 15 McFarlin x Early Black yields ranged from 51 to 138 bar- rels per acre (5 being in excess of 100 barrels), cup counts from 55 to 80, false b'ossom incices of 12 of the plants from 2 to 5; the two McFarlin x Potter's Favorite yield- ed 89 and 95 barrels, cup counts were 70 and 53, berries glossy, false blossom indices not deter- mined; the 3 McFarlin x Searls yielded 70 to 132 barrels, cup counts were 60 to 65, false blossom incex of 1 plant was 5; the 5 Pro- Mfic X McFarlin plants yielded from 61 to 143 barrels per acre, cup counts were from 48 to 63, false blossom index was 1 for each of 2 plants. The second test of the 40 seed- lings was started in 1941. Spring- rooted cuttings were set in rod- size plots on three diff'erent New Jersey bog-soil types. It will, haturally, be two years or moi"e before these plots begin to bear fruit in significant quantities. In 1943 the second group of plants in New Jersey, containing approximately 2,500 plants, is ex- pected to yie'.d large samples of berries, and a fair proportion of the third large group of 3,600 Four Table 1. — Numbers and location of cranberry seedlings tested. 1 ^ e V • lA (6,<2/y^^ \PE COD EW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON f. \ Ibrary V.4 jette t^ V m. i^'*' r m-^ '^* ^^^t^^'-^^/^ CRANBERRIES Fru ALBERT HEDLER "gets down to the roots" at Wisconsin's largest marsh ly, 1943 20 cents BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Largest Independent Shipper of Cape Cod Cranberries WILL BE IN THE MARKET FOR ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES OF CRANBERRIES both FRESH AND CANNING STOCK A representative will call upon request. Call Wareham 130. IT'S A GRAND OLD FLAG! Agriculturists are doing their part in keeping it wav- ing by striving to meet food production goals in 1943. On farms and in factories, Americans today are work- ing to preserve forever the Nation our forefathers founded. Fourth of July, 1943 finds us nearer Victory in this war against those who at- tempted to destroy Freedom. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin a J9 THermoineter Hits 80! Six weeks after being launched, the Cranberry Army Pool is 80 '/r subscribed, which indicates the universal desire of cranberry growers to cooperate with Uncle Sam in feeding the Armed Forces. Growers who have not yet subscribed to the Pool have 2 weeks more to get in their pledges. The Cranberry Army Pool asks for 50 a of your crop for the Armed Forces; you may market the 50% bal- ance through whatever channel you choose. The price paid by the Pool will be comparable with the market for cranberries. Make your pledge now. Telephone anyone of the CAP representatives named below, who will be glad to enroll you. On July 10. the pledges to the CAP will be turned over to the Office of the Quartermaster Gen- eral in Washington, D, C. 300,00C > Bbls. 240,000 June 15, 1943 225,000 200,000 185,000 150,000 110,500 75,000 35,500 0 i Cranberry Army Pool Representatives District I Hanson, Pembroke, Marshfield, Scituate, Brockton MR. ALTON SMITH 183 High St., Hanson, Mass. Tel. Bryantville 202-5 District II Duxbury, Kingston, Halifax, Plympton MR. W. F. WYNOTH West Duxbury, Mass. Tel. Hanover 216-15 District III Plymouth MR. GEORGE CROWELL 251 Sandwich Rd., Plymouth, Mass Tel. Plymouth 810 District IV Carver MR. R. M. SMALLEY So. Carver, Mass. Tei. Carver 7-5 District V Middleboro, Lakeville, Easton, Holliston MR. GEORGE DONNER North St., Middleboro, Mass. Tel. Middleboro 499-M District VI Assonet, Freetown, Rochester, Taunton, New Bedford MR. FRANK CRANDON Acushnet, Mass. Tel. No. Rochester 19-21 District VII Wareham, Marion, Mattapoisett, Bourne MR. CHESTER VOSE County Rd., Marion, Mass. Tel. Marion 31-M-3 District VIII Upper Cape MR. SETH COLLINS Waquoit, Mass. Tel. Falmouth 1134-J District IX Lower Cape MR. HOWARD CAHOON Harwich, Mass. Tel. Harwich 252-W CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson and Onset, Mass. Markham, Wash. New Egypt, N. J. No. Chicago, III. Coquille, Oregon Wisconsin's Production Increase Will Hold TOTAL PRODUCTION IN THOUSANDS OF BARRELS YEAR MOVING AVERAGE 46 4 4 BARRELS PER ACRE 42' 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26' 24 22 20 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Wisconsin Work of L M. Rogers Is Contributing Factor By NEIL E. STEVENS In relation to Lawrence M. Rogers' work in Wisconsin, I have been repeatedly reminded of the best witticism ever attributed to Thomas Jefferson. On his ar- rival in Paris as representative of the United States to France, some- one is said to have remarked, "You replace Dr. FrankUn, I believe." Jefferson replied, "I succeed him; no one can replace him." As many of the readers of CRANBERRIES know, Lawrence Rogers served as cranberry spec- ialist for the Wisconsin Depart- ment of Agriculture from 1928 to 1936. Since that time I have spent what universities, somewhat mistakenly, refer to as my "vaca- tions" in the same position. Dur- ing this period I have been contin- ually and increasingly impressed with Rogers' efficiency in what is now called agricultural extension work, in the very best sense of the word. Of course, I knew Mr. Rogers very well during the fifteen sum- mers I spent on Cape Cod. I knew that he had been for some thirty years a successful bog manager. I knew also that two successful bog owners and many foremen had received their training under him. I knew that he had designed one of the most successful and widely used rake teeth on the Cape. He was the first man on the Cape to observe the value of late holding of the winter flowage as a means of reducing rot; kept one of the best sets of meteor- ological records, and was the first man to construct a screen-house in which the sorting is done inside a warm room, through which the berries move on belts too quickly to become seriously injured by warming. As a result of the hours in which we discussed cranberry problems, I had acquired a very healthy respect fo;i- Rogers' men- tal ability and grasp. What I was not prepared for was some- thing that I have realized in in- creasing measure as I have almost literally followed in his footsteps among the Wisconsin cranberry "marshes." That is, he was a teacher of unusual ability. One of the limitations of teaching, as a profession, is that it is usually That State Will Be Raising 125,000 to 150,000 Barrels Annually In Next Few Years It Is Believed. By CLARENCE J. HALL What many growers will want to know most is, will Wisconsin continue the rapid increase in cranberry production it has made in the past decade or so, and what proportion of the total annual crop Wisconsin will be producing in the immediate years to come? How much of a factor will Wis- consin be in cranberry production and could Wisconsin ever supplant the East as the principal produc- ing area? The answer as to increasing production is "yes." From questions asked many of the leading Wisconsin growers and from observations there can be no other conclusion. Every grower replied that Wisconsin pro- duction would continue to grow. (Continued on Page 16) difficult to measure results. In this case, however, while the spe- cific detai's are known only to the Wisconsin growers, the results are evident enough. It is probably unusual to put a • graph in a sketch of this sort; however, one seems to find a place here. I am including a curve showing the increase in cranberry production in the state of Wiscon- sin from 1926 to 1942. This curve is plotted on the basis of moving averages, the only way in which trends can be easily brought out. The figure given for any partic- ular year represents the average for that year and the four previous years. The increase in production in Wisconsin since 1932 is one of the wonders of the cranbei-ry world. On visits to the Cape during the last six years I have been several times asked how this increase could be accounted for. To this I have always replied that some of the credit should be given to the increased planting of the Searls variety, a little to increased acre- age, and a large part to the effec- tive field work of H. F. Baine for a few years, and later of Law- rence M. Rogers, Two Issue of July, liM3 — Vol. 8, No. 3 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription J2.00 per year. Kntered as second-class matter January 2G, 1943, at the post office at W;.reham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Labor the Labor is what Big Headache nobody has got enough of. With higher rates per hour payrolls are up, even though the number of bog help is cut fifty per cent and a good deal of that is inexperi- enced and inefficient, not of the old .quality. Regarding picking crews growers are just hoping. They trust that whatever the crop is it may be gotten off somehow. Bogs Look Bogs are "looking Very Good fine," "very nice," At Present "better than last year, even," "good as last year," and "very satisfac- tory," say the cranberry growes at the end of June. All these re- ports are on the favorable side and take in some of the larger holdings, such as Makepeace, Bea- ton, Gibbs and Urann. "Bogs are looking very nice at the present time, and I cannot see any reason for a particularly short crop," Mr. Benson, manager of the Sales Com- pany, has said. "However, I do not expect as big a crop as last year, and I would not be surprised if the amount actually picked is very much less, due to the prob- able labor shortage." Dr. Frank- lin now says the crop may be a little better than normal. Last Year's He says that Crop Not last year's big Big in Num- crop was in ber of Berries gene r a 1 in Massachusetts not actually a crop especially big in number of berries, but might more properly be called a good crop made up of big berries. This accounted for the large number of barrels harvested. These big berries, he says, do not take so much of the vigor out of vines as do many smaller berries which re- quire more seed. The Massachu- setts crop of the year before last was made up of smaller berries and that really was a big crop, and took more out of the vines. A Little A summing up Better Than of this might Normal Crop? be that the present o u t- look may be for a "good" crop, possibly average (average about 465,000 barrels) or maybe better, but with no one just now antic- ipating a really large production. It is pretty early to predict. June a June as a month Favorable was favorable. There Month were some very good hot days, particular- ly hot for the season at the first of the month. There was not much rainfall, but enough. There were no frosts, but there were some very cool nights. Some grow- ers were fearful of a frost on June 8th. From 102 degrees on the af- ternoon of June 16, at the State bog the temperature dropped the next morning to 47 degrees. An east wind came up. The bogs had been a little late — about two weeks at the start of the season — but this was being caught up. Bogs came ahead quite rapialy. Bloom began to show up in good shape about the 20th. On the whole, conditions have been favorable except for a deficiency of sunshine last summer, Dr. Franklin finds. Many June This spring at Reflows growers' m e e t- ings Dr. Frank- lin had urged growers to try water treatments because of the shortage of chemicals. This would not ordi- narily be recommended, he said, but he recommended it as the lesser of two evils and said that water treatment could cut blunt- nosed leaf hopper infestation by half, making pyrethrum supplies go farther. A good many grow- ers ci dput on June reflows this season. Probably there was more reflooding in June than usual. The State bog was flowed for 40 hours June 8 and 9. Little Insect Gypsy and Trouble Except first brood On Cape fireworms wer* not especially troublesome, particularly the lat- ter, in Plymouth County. How- ever, in Barnstable there was a different story and gypsies were decidedly bad in many places, as they were last year. This Cape infestation was a scattered one, some growers having a great deal of trouble, while others had very little. In general, Cape bogs, however, are looking good, and it should be remembered that the Cape proper last year did not share in the big Mattachusetts production and the crop there was short. Cape hopes are better this year. NEW JERSEY Bloom On The bogs in general Bogs Is look very well, al- Heavy though no intelligent estimate of the pros- pect can be made until much later. (Continued on Page 14) Three About 400 At Annnal Meeting of Cranberry Canners, Inc., At South Hanson, Massachusetts Largest Gathering Ever, Hears Reports, Elects Officers, Eats Clambake — Mr. Urann Announces Campaign for $15.00 a Barrel Price — To Form "Cran- berry Manpower Commission." About 400 members of Cran- berry Canners, including delega- tions from New Jersey and Wis- consin, attended the annual Massa- chusetts meeting at the main plant at South Hanson, June 29, heard very interesting reports and talks, elected officers and directors, and enjoyed an "inside" clambake, the bake being cooked in the retorts of the cannery. Highlights were that President Marcus L. Urann declared "today Cranberry Canners is breaking through its $10.00 ceiling price which it fixed as its goal a few years ago, and now is beginning a campaign for $15.00 a barrel for the next 10 years"; that the Government orcer of 300,000 barrels for processing for Government needs was nearly as- sured on a voluntary basis, and that the idea of helping the labor situation with the employment of war prisoners was a possibility now being worked upon. The day was a decidedly hot one, even though it turned into one of heavy rain, and a good many of the men stripped off their coats before the meeting had much more than begun, that they might listen in greater comfort, and per- haps also with the thought that coatless arms could do a better job on the clams at noon. The rain was also a pleasant occurrence to the growers, as Massachusetts bogs the past few days, due to lack of rain, had begun to burn a little on highest points and ditch irri- gation waas being done. At this time of too little rain and excessive heat in Massachusetts, Wisconsin growers at the meeting received telegrams from their marsh fore- men telling of floods caused by a three and one-half inch rainfall there and frost warnings of the night before, with another expect- ed that night. In conducting the meeting Mr. Urann followed out the same pro- cedure as last year — that of hav- ing various department heads make reports. There was a question and answer period in the after- noon (cut short by reason of time) and this was followed by the meet- ing of the directors, with all pres- ent invited to sit in. In opening, Mr. Urann said: "We have no time to spend on funerals — that is, things of the past. Our motto is to push on — there are battles to be fought." And it was a story of battles to continue progress in the face of wartime conditions that was told in some of the re- ports and a story of determina- tion to push on to greater prog- ress that was told. "Today we are entering a cam- paign for $15.00 a barrel for cran- berries for the next ten years," he said. "We have been working for $10 a barrel and we have achieved. Now we are going on to $15.00." This was said in the afternoon in answer to an inquirer as to why the "$10.00 a barrel policy" of Cranberry Canners had been main- tained in spite of rising costs. Confirmation of the judgment of Mr. Urann that conditions are now shaping up in regard to high- er costs and future production that such an increase over the $10.00 figure which was the former aim of Cranberry Canners, was voiced later in the afternoon by Dr. Hen- ry J. Franklin, when he was speak- ing of crop prospects for this fall. He explained that his studies had shown that back in 1914 (the start of the first World War) a "ceil- ing" had been placed on bog build- ing and production in relation to price which was not brokent^ through until 1937, and that a sim- ilar high building and operating cost ceiling could, and probably is resulting from the present war. He said that if he was right in this reasoning, cranberry produc- tion would not for possibly 20 years again "break through" and catch up with demand, and there- fore a higher price for cranberries was possible. He also said that a ' great deal of "free advertising" was being obtained in Government purchase of cranberries and the market should be greatly expanded as soldiers, sailors and others would have learned to like cran- berries during the war. Regarding crop prospects, he said this was a season of "mixed conditions," rather more mixed than usual. Two reasons which were on the unfavorable side were lack of sun'ight in the growing season last year and adverse con- ditions during the winter, which would indicate that berries would not be large in size this fall, as they were last year. On the other hand, to balance this, all other conditions were favorable, so that it seemed to him a crop of a little more than normal could be expect- ed from the outlook of the moment. This — a little better than normal crop, as normal has become now — would be 465,000 barrels or in that neighborhood, for Massachusetts. In speaking of "CAP", or the Cranberry Army Pool, Mr. Urann praised the growers for the pro- gress made and said the Govern- ment was keeping very close touch on this progress. Not that this mattered to the Government, as far as obtaining the berries were concernec, he said, as if they were not given voluntarily the Govern- ment would take what it wanted, anyway. For what reason he did not know, he said, he had been asked to forward to Washington the names of the growers who signed up as voluntarily contrib- uting a part of their crop. Orrin G. Colley, a vice president of Cranberry Canners and active head of the Plymouth plant, paid a tribute to the work of the dis- trict managers who had been working for "CAP" and asked Four them to stand when their names were read, and paid special recog- nition to Richard M. Smalley of the Federal Cranberry Company of Carver, who had done an out- standing job. It was Mr. Colley who brought out that the possibility of obtain- ing war prisoners was under con- sideration. He announced that a "Cranberry Manpower Committee" would be formed to help in obtain- ing labor for this fall. He esti- mated there was a shortage of about 5,000 men. On this "com- mission" with Cranberry Canners" would be Ai-thur D. Benson, gen- eral manaager of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company, Melville C. Beaton of the J. J. Beaton Company of Wareham, J. T. Brown, and Bertram Tomlin- son, Extension Service Agents of Plymouth and Barnstable Counties, and I. Grafton Howes, president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. Mr. Colley said he spoke with no certainty in regard to the possi- bility of obtaining the use of war prisoners, but that at least it was worth an effort. If permission to use these prisoners is obtained it will be necessary to use a minimum of 1,000 and there would have lo be a camp available for them. He said he did not know how growers might feel about having prisoners of war on their bogs, but the ic'ea was being put forward for their consideration. There will be no advertising of Ocean Spray by Cranberry Can- ners next year, it has been decid- ed. Miss Ellen Stillman, director of publicity, said in her report. She said there were three reasons why this could be dispensed with: (1) because ci-anberry sauce had tradition behind it to maintain sales; (2) the demand for juice and cocktail is greater than can be supplied; (3) as long as the support of the growers is contin- ued and Cranberry Canners has such a large proportion of the crop, no competitor could take away the market while advertising was omitted. This was possible with cranberries, she said, while it could not safely be done with other fruits. She said she expected publicity would continue and that last year the clipping agency had reported that there were 286,000 lines, or approximataely 1,750,000 words given in newspapers and magazines last year, and besides that there was radio publicity of which no accurate record could be kept. A very interesting report was made by Walter A. Nealy, head of the research department. This chiefly concerned by-products, par- ticularly ursolic acid. He ex- plained that the discovery that cranberry skins and seeds were rich in this rare acid had come about through trying to find a way to get rid of a troublesome res- idue. Intensive reseai'ch, how- ever, showed that this bothersome residue was in fact a valuable sub- stance. From this residue could be made cranberry seed oil, cran- berry wax and ursolic acid. He reiterated previous state- ments that after the war when materials now held critical could be obtained Cranberry Canners in- tends to put up a by-products plant, and it was believed that from these by-products enough revenue could be obtained by Cranberry Canners to pay the en- tire operating cost of processing cranberries. Lawrence Bailey, head of pro- duction, told of the great difficul- ties with which various material could only be obtained. He told of the trouble concerning glass and tin and said that the tin outlook was dwindling to the vanishing point. He told of the dehydrating plants which had been assembled, some of the parts even from "junk yards," and yet said it was expect- ed 25,000 barrels would be pro- cessed on the Pacific Coast, 25,000 in the Chicago (Wisconsin berries) plant; 25,000 in New Jersey, and 125,000 in Massachusetts, 75,000 of this quantity at the Plymouth plant. H. Gordon Mann, vice president and sales manager, gave an ac- count of his experiences in Washington in attempting to ob- tain permission to go ahead on various plans, and of the constant shifting of Government and per- missions. He told how it was nec- essary to go from board to board and that decisions were reversed overnight and without warning. Conditions continue chaotic in Washington, he said, and the fact that the situation in regard to food is serious is obvious when it is noted that day after day food is making the biggest headlines in the newspapers, often supplanting even war news. In spite of these many headaches, however, he said cranberries are in such high favor in Washington that the main job is to "get you growers to raise more cranberries to supply the heavy demand." Other reports were given by George Harbour, head of the Cran- berry Credit Corporation, who told of the financial service growers might obtain from this division; Carl B. Urann, who spoke for the buyers' pool and urged growers to get in their orders next year at the earliest possible moment; "Ed" Holmes, accountant, who said there were no Government priorities on bookkeeping, and in fact, the Gov- ernment "insists you keep books." He said that beginning this year each of the branch plants would keep its own books. David Clem- ents spoke for the purchasing de- partment, the Hanson Hardware Company. Harold W. Ellis of Plymouth, certified accountant, spoke on financial matters, and John C. Makepeace of Wareham, treasurer and secretary, made complete and full reports. Other brief speakers included Franklin S. Chambers, Theodore H. Budd, and Isaac Harrison, of New Jersey, John C. Makepeace, George Lang, president of the Springfield Bank for Cooperatives, and Adolph Hed'er of Wisconsin, member advisory committee, who said that the Wisconsin growers had always stood for true cooper- ation and he waas glad to see more of this spirit of true cooperation developing in the East. County Agent Bertram Tomlinson told of labor problems in Falmouth straw- berry picking. The clambake was served under the direction of Frank Crandon of Acushnet. Besides plenty of clams and other fixings, there was even (Continued on Pace 13) Five ^***«>*«, View of part of marsh from warehouse tower. Cranberry Lake, Wisconsin's Biggest Marsh, Is A Vastly Impressive Cranberry Property Albert Hedler, A Successful Securities Operator, Was "Con- quered" by Cranberry Growing and Now With His Pro- gressive Abilities Has Built State's Greatest De- velopment— Is Director of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales and American Cranberry Ex- change— Marsh Has 160 Acres, Tre- mendous Warehouse, Great Pumping System Editor's Note — This is the first of a series of articles, or more accurately, sketches of personal impressions concerning the cranberry growers and cranberry industry of Wisconsin, following a recent visit to that state. Progress, through better under- standing of our neighbors, is one of the themes for a better world after the war. If these articles help a little in making for greater production of a healthful food at a time when food is so needed, and for a better cranberry industry when peace comes, thev will have served their purpose. By CLARENCE J. HALL Largest of the Wisconsin marshes — a truly breath-taking expanse — IS the acreage of the Cranberry Lake Development Company at Phillips, up in the Northern Wisconsin cranberry district. Here is located the largest warehouse of any in Wisconsin, and perhaps larger in actual floor space than any other in the entire industry, and a tremendous water supply, Cranberry Lake, containing eight or nine hundred acres. The company's largest stockholder, manager, and activating force is Albert Hedler, a man who first became interested in cranberries, not by intent, but merely to make sure that a financial investment he and his friends had made would turn out to be a sound one. He is today one of the leading growers in Wisconsin, a director of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, a director of the American Cranberi-y Exchange, is a member of the Sales Company standing can- ning committee, a man of influence throughout the industry. Phillips is a lumbering city about 110 miles upstate from Wis- consin Rapids, the way lying through beautiful farming country, and the day I made the trip to Philips a party of three accompa- nied Vernon Goldsworthy. "Golcy" was to look over the budding on the marsh and to give any spring cultural advice needed. Mr. Hed- ler was the perfect host, as all Wisconsin growers seem to be. CRANBERRIES PHOTO taking us to dinner at the city's hotel and then showing this visitor and the others over Cranberry Lake Development Company, a few miles outside of Phillips, while Goldy and the marsh superinten- dent, John Grygleoski, went into hudd'es, examining buds and dis- cussing various problems. Inci- dentally, I could not help noticing that Mr. Hedler, himself, frequent- ly was unable to resist the temp- tation to join them, and got down on his hands and knees to look over crop prospects. The photo- graph of Mr. Hedler on the cover was not posed, but is a surprise shot. Mr. Hedler a Real Cranberry Grower Mr. Hedler is a real cranberry grower. He loves cranberry grow- ing. He says so. You believe him when he says that if he was now to start in cranberry growing as a younger man he would expand to the fullest extent and try to be one of the largest and best cranberry growers in the world. Such energy, ability to plan and carry out his plans, and his pro- found enthusiasm for cranberry growing would certainly not make this seem an idle statement. Mr. Hedler is one of the men who are responsible for Wisconsin's recent, rapid growth, both as a grower of the fruit and as a man of vision in the cranberry councils of his state and of the whole industry as well. The Cranberry Lake Develop- ment now has about 160 acres in Six development, although not all yet » in full bearing, set in the micst of a total property of 2,200 acres. The view of the breadth and width of this marsh which it is possible to obtain from the middle of it is something to remember. There are eight or nine hundred acres of reservoir, the lake having been built up to this area by the dam. The cultivateci marsh has grown from six acres in 1913, when Mr. Hedler first bought stock in the company. The average production of the property in recent years has been about 10,000 barrels, not counting two years when con- ditions were exceptionally bad. This makes the average bearing for the marsh about 90 barrels to the acre. Level as a floor is the expense of the marsh, geometrically pat- terned with its regular sections, dikes and ditches. It is a beau- tiful sight to the cranberry eye of an Easterner. When Mr. Heeler first saw the property he says there was nothing in the Cran- berry Lake area except "a deer trail in the wilderness," besides the small marsh. He recalled how he and Mrs. Hedler had poled down the stream and had broken up a beaver dam. Began To "Live" When He Started In Cranberries "I've never had so much fun in my life as since I came up here and started in building cranberry bog," he says. "I've sold a lot of securities in my life — made money at it, too — and I still sell a few, but I didn't know what living was until I started to grow cranberries here. I didn't know there could be such satisfaction." In a thumbnail sketch of his ca- reer, as we traveled over the prop- erty, Mr. Hedler told how he start- ed out in life as a school teacher. This was at Hi'lsboro, Wisconsin. » "I earned a little money and stud- ied to be a lawyer and passed the bar. I practiced law only a short time, then I went into the secur- ities business," he continued, "and I sold a good many securities and made some money at it." He still is in the securities business, but that is now subordinated to cran- CRANBERRIES berry growing. "It happened that in 1913 a friend who was interested in de- veloping this cranberry property here induced me to invest some money in it — $1,500. I was not at all interested in growing cranber- ries, merely in the investment an- gle. But I bought into the devel- opment with my tongue in my cheek and my fingers crossed. I had no idea of actively entering the cranberry business. "I was further induced to urge business friends of mine to invest in this development in which I had invested. I did so, and their mon- ey was in the property, too. Since I then had friends whose money was in the project and my own as well, I felt it had to make good, and in 1922 I took over full man- agement. And I found out I never knew what real living was until then." The appearance of the Cran- berry Lake Development property gives little impression today that it was not long ago such a wilder- ness as referred to by Mr. Hedler. There are many buildings on the property. There is a very attrac- tive lakeside cottage of bungalow type where Mr. Hedler lives when at the marsh. There is a big red barn, the white home of the fore- man among some trees, and a big building which was formerly the Front of huge warehouse. boarding house for the marsh woi'kers. There are various other buildings, crying sheds, and so forth. Finally there is the enor- mous white warehouse. Warehouse is 220 Feet Long This Phillips warehouse is 220 feet long and 66 feet across the front. This was finishing about the time the Eastern growers vis- ited Wisconsin three years ago and will be remembered by them. It is of steel frame construction and is built entirely of cement blocks which Mr. Hedler had mace him- self, the sand coming from his "sand lake." The building is de- signed to handle a crop of 20,000 barrels, and within its length seems to stretch endlessly. The largest crop it has so far had to provide space for is 12,600 ban-els. It is three stories high, counting the basement as one floor — an enormous building for a ci'anberry warehouse. The basement, or first floor, is so designed that trucks roll right in, unload at the various bays and roll out again. And, as far as I know, it is the only warehouse in which trucks may drive right in onto the second floor also. This is by way of a ramp which starts from one side toward the rear of the building. The berries are first placed in the various bays on the Continued on Page 10) Seren M \1/S' Help To Feed Our Fighters BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS HBLP i uANno Cranberry growers are doing their utmost to provide cranberries, a healthful food, in the quantities requested by the Government for our armed forces, for lend-lease, and for our civilian workers this year. Every cranberry grower, like every other agriculturist, knows he is up against the toughest agricultural problems ever. That is of finding enough help to grow the crops this summer and to get them harvested this fall. Help will be scarce — it is scarce, extremely so — but food is so badly needed that we cannot fail. Every means available must be utilized. The task will call for all our resourcefulness and courage, but the cranberry industry has been noted for its ability to find a way over obstacles. Cranberry growers will produce the cranberry crop and, to some extent, other foods as well. Now is the time we need the courage and resourcefulness of our forefathers who founded this nation. Independence Day this year is a challenge to us. This is the fourteenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals: Colley-Cranberry Co. 17 Court St. Plymouth, Mass. Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. *, (^ditbpals ISSUE OF JULY, 1943 Vol. 8 No. 3 "SO HERE'S TO A GOOD CROP" "CIO here's for a big crop of good quality O cranberries," was the way Mr. Chan- ey ended up a recent notice to members of the American Cranberry Exchange. That is a hope echoed by everyone in the industry. This year we need a big crop, even though the laws of production seem to say there should not be one again this season. It's altogether too early to make any definite estimates, but can it be that it has been taken a little too much for grant- ed that the '43 yield is almost bound to be small or at best, average? Nobody can yet say. The (at least so far) heavy demand for wartime cranberries doesn't do away with the problems of marketing. On the con- trary there must be an even keener sense of balance and of vision in disposal, judg- ment as to how it will be of the greatest possible good to the greatest possible num- ber, including those who have grown these cranberries. Probably few industries are better organized to meet such a situation as is arising this year than cranberry grow- ers with the old-established American Cranberry Exchange, Cranberry Canners, and independents loyal to cranberry grow- ing. All healthful food is critical right now — first, cranberries must get to those who have the most deserving need of them — growers must get an adequate return for their time, their experience, and their in- vestment; and careful consideration must be given to keep their friendly customers coming in post-war days. Growers should these days give earnest thought to their marketing, weighing, the added production costs, selling price, and the hoarding up of good will after the war which will make continued success possible. THAT GATHERING AFTER THE WAR, AGAIN THE suggestion of a gathering of grow- ers from the East Coast and the West at Wisconsin when peace comes, as put forth in this magazine last month, is hav- ing response. Even in this rushed, potent hour the thought seems something to look forward to. From the West Coast comes this reply : "The suggestion is a fine one, I feel there will be quite a few out here Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS NcMT Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application that will plan to go to such a meeting. I have read about so many peope that I al- most feel I know them and it would be most interesting to meet them in person. I would suggest that you keep such a thought before the growers, and by the time the war is over maybe it will mater- ialize." INDEPENDENCE DAY INDEPENDENCE DAY, 1943, and a cruc- ial time! Fourth of July this year will not be a day of celebration. May it be a day of dedication of ourselves, a dedi- cation to make sure the American way of life is preserved for us and the 10,000,000 fighting men coming back into civilian life. Nine Showing big intake pipes. CRANBERRJES PHOTO Land to right is anchored floating island. Cranberry Lake (Continued from Page 7) second floor before they are stored on the ground floor. On the ground floor is the big, modernly-designed sorting room. It has fluorescent lighting and there are big windows of glass bricks which let in a soft, non- glaring illumination. In it 32 girl workers may work. The berries come into the sorting room from 16 Bailey mills on the floor above. There are, of course, lavatories and rest rooms for women and men. There is a business office, a huge assortment of rakes for water raking in one section, and near by a collection of rubber boots of as- sorted sizes for the workers in the picking season. Both are pro- vided by the company. A square tower tops the building at the front end, from which there is a fine view of the spreading acreage of marsh, the various buildings, the blue lake, and the general countryside. The idea of the tower was rather inspii'ed from a trip to the East, Mr. Hedler says, where he saw the tower on the Century bog screenhouse of L. B. R. Barker, but this cupola at Cran- berry Lake is entirely for orna- mentation and for the view it pro- vides, and has no utilitarian rea- son. Cranberry lake, which is the reservoir, is a tremendous body of water built up expressly for the purpose of winter flooding, irriga- tion, and frost protection. There is a dam built entirely around the lake and around the entire marsh area. The lake is large enough to supply all the water that is needed, Mr. Hedler believes. He says tests have proven that he can flood the 160-acre marsh area and on'y reduce the water level about two inches. This water can be pumped back. "We know it takes only about two inches of water," he says, "because we have tried it out and when the water has been pumped back the two inches of water in the lake is very nearly restored." Pumps Have Capacity of 75,000 Gallons a Minute Two pumps are installed in a moc'el pumphouse. Both pumps are Pomonas and have a combined capacity of about 75,000 gallons of water a minute. It will pump both ways, and in drawing the water up from the lake it takes it in through either or both of two huge intake pipes. Either pump or pipe is sufficient to do the job, but the two are there in case of emergency. These huge pipes are placed on piles of rock to prevent the immense rush of the water from washing away the bottom. Further than that, to prevent back wash, Mr. Hedler has had several 'arge floating islancs, each four or five feet thick, anchored at either side of the water entrance to act as breakwater. These is- lands are masses of vegetation which float, and upon which a man with boots may walk. Included in the vegetation are masses of natural cranberry vines from the lake, which is in natural cran- berry-growing country. The pump house for the water operations is an engineer's dream. Sand Comes From Under Water At one point in this tour of the bog Mr. Hedler said, "I'll bet I am the only cranberry grower in the world who takes his sand from under water." "What do you mean?" he was asked. "I'll show you," he said, and he cid. Good sand is scanty in the Cranberry Lake country, and, un- able to find sufficient for his needs, after searching for miles around, Ml". Hedler had engineers drill down through a ricge at a number of points. All along here and at every level good bog sand was found. A tall tower mast was set up and a Sauerman bucket bought. This gigantic bucket slides down a wire, where below the surface of water which now covers the area it scoops out great bites of sand and these are dragged ashore and placed on a huge sand stockpile, built up for use during the winter. One man with the bucket gets out about 400 yards of sand a day. At some points the bucket takes the sand from a depth of 80 and 90 feet. "We estimate we have enough sand, and good sand, for about 99 years and then some, and are wor- rying no further ahead than that," Mr. Hedler says, in speaking of his sand resources. Planting is done at Cranberry Lake on sand, just as on Cape Cod. Mr. Hedler finds best re- Tew Annual Report of Dr. H. J. Franklin (Continued from last month) Cranberry Tolerance of Certain Materials Lone: experience has found cran- berry vines very intolerant of sul- phur, but very tolerant of kero- sene and fairly so of copper. Four tnns of cryolite to an acre was applied to small areas of the station bog on June 20, 1941. In- jury from this was very slow in developing, but had become severe by July, 1942. One hundred pounds to an acre of a mixture of four pounds of calomel and 96 pounds of talc was dusted onto plots of Howes cran- berry vines on July 1, 1941, with * Anomola errans in previous annual reports of this station: Bui. 315, p. 31, 1935; Bui. 339, p. 36, 1937; Bui. 347, p. 42, 1938; Bui. 378, p. 43, 1941. The name errans is preoccupied, the vines then approaching full bloom. The set of fruit and size of berries was not much affected, the crop turning out to be about as abundant as on the bog around the plots; but the treatment some- how greatly delayed the ripening of the berries and they finally failea to reach a good red color. The berries were picked toward the end of September and were examined chemically and spectro- scopicably for mercury, none be- ing found. The vines on these suits, however, in water raking and wet rakes entirely in the Wis- consin method. He is loyal to Wisconsin varieties, and so 145 acres are planted to Searls Jum- bos, while McFarlins, the Massa- chusetts berry, make up fifteen acres. He picks whichever is best in cranberry growing practices in his estimation from the East or the West. About this time it was getting late in the afternoon and the writer had seen about all he could comprehend of the big Cranberry Lake Development property at one time. Admittedly many of the fin- ' er points have probably been over- looked and many interesting de- tails not explained fully enough. But the writer hopes this sketch conveys some impression of the large and sound scale upon which Cranberry Lake is developed and of the force and vision of Mr. Hedler as a cranberry grower. plots did not have quite as green p coloi- in the faF of 1941 as did those on the bog around them, and .scattered branches died among a rather noticeable number of thrm. The treated areas had a normal appearance during the 1942 growing season, but they bore only about a third as much fruit as areas of the same size around them. Prevalence of Cranberry Insects in 1942 1. Bumblebees and honeybees ivnvn abundant everywhere on Mas«,ichusetts bogs during the cr.i.nberrv flowering. 2. Infestation by Gypsy moth fPrr^hetria) light in Plymouth county and moderate on most of the outer Cape. 3 Cranberry fruit worm (Mine- ola) about normally abundant, more so than in 1941. 4. Black-headed fireworm nor- mally abundant, more so than in 194ll 5. Firebeetle (Cryptocephalus) a'most none. 6. Yellow-headed fireworm (Pe- ronea) more troublesome than usual in recent years. 7. Spotted fireworm (see above) generally more abundant than for many years. 8. Lady beetles unusually prev- alent. 9. False army worm (Xylena) very prevalent, about as in 1941. 10. Blossom worm (Epiglaea), much less than normally abund- ant. 11. Spanworms about as usual. 12. Cranberry girdler (Cram- bus) more harmful than noi-mal. 13. Cranberry weevil (Antho- nomus) about as in other recent years. 14. Cranberry spittle insect and tipworm fully as troublesome as usual. WEATHER STUDIES H. J. FRANKLIN Study of certain weather rela- tions to cranberry culture carried on for many years, among- them frosts and frost predicting, were finished during the year and their results presented for publication. Studies of the effects of the wea- ther on cranberry production were continued extensively. CONTROL OF CRANBERRY BOG WEEDS CHESTER E. CROSS In all, 155 plots were used dur- ing the season to test the values of various herbicides. The move interesting results follow: Kainit. This potash fertilizer has been advocated as a herbicide for poison ivy (1) and has been used extensively in Europe to destroy charlock and wild mus- tard in plantings of spring cereals. Results with 56 plots to test its value as a cranberry bog herbic'oe were not encouraging. No injury t) cither cranberry vines or weec s followed i*^s use up to 1000 pounds an acre when the foliage was dry; and enough to burn weeds like poison ivy, 'oosestrife, beggar- ticks, horsetail, or asters with t'Tcir foliage wet damaged cran- berry vines also. Zotrx is widely advertised as a selective weed killer for eracicat- in.'^- crab grass and various broad- leaved perennials from lawns and fairways. Different amounts oi solution of this chemical in vaiy- in'^ concentration were tried on 46 pl"ts against some of the more common bog weeds. It proved to be valueless as a bog herbicide, not being effective even on crab fi'vass unless enough was used to injure cranberry vines badly. (1) — Bu ter, 0. R., Jour. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Vol. 24, No. 12, p. 979. 1932. Ferrous sulphate. A solution of this chemical, a pound to a gal- lon of water, used 400 gallons to an acre, was very effective on low cudweed (1) with little injury to cranberry vines. This weed is of- ten a serious pest on new plant- ings and on bogs where grubs have caused areas to be - bare of vines. Kerosene. About 20 plots, on a bog flowed for root grubs till July 15, were treated with kerosene be- tween August 2 and 12, with the following results: A thick mat of crab grass was almost completely destroyed with 200-300 gallons an acre. The same amount killed barnyard grass (2), spreading witch grass (3) and warty panic grass (4) very effec- tively. Little hard was done to the relatively tender cranberry vines, most of this injury being on plots treated during the middle of the day or when the vines were wet. The time of day the treat- ments were made did not affect the killing of the weeds. Ammonium sulfamate. Results of dry applications of this new chemical on cranberry bogs have been reported heretofore (5). This year, it was tried in solution as a spray and gave some promise of being a useful herbicide for poison ivy, loosestrife, chokeberry, fea- ther and sensitive ferns, and as- teis, when used at a rate of not more than one pound in eight gal- lons of water. Stronger solutions, unless applied in small amount and with great care, were usually very harmful to cranberry vines. Not enough work with this chem- ical has been done to justify con- clusions. It is peculiar that, when cranberry vines have been injui'ed by its use, new growth is slow to develop and its leaves are discol- ored and depauperate, this perhaps indicating that the injury is Eleven greater than appears. Partly grown cranberries sprayed with ammonium sulfamate solutions reddened noticeabV in a few days without showing other definite signs of injury. Herbarium. A collection of 140 species of the more common bog weeds has been assembled at the cranberry station. It will be use- ful in identifying weeds for cran- berry growers. The blueberry report contained in Dr. Franklin's report will be given next month. Unique Pooling System of Wisconsin Sales Company By VERNON GOLDSWORTHY General Manager Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company (Continued from last month) New Pooling System A cooperative is organized for mutual help and assistance and to avoid unprofitable and wasteful marketing operations. It is de- sirable that all share alike on a QUALITY basis and that each man be rewarded for his individual ef- fort and skill so to encourage the incentive of producing better ber- ries and more berries. If individ- ual enterprise is destroyed, all else will be lost. We cranberry grow- ers in Wisconsin accompUsh this objective very simply by placing all berries in one gigantic all sea- son's pool, no matter if they are sold fresh or if they are processed. A proper set of ciflFerentials has been set up, determined by a com- prehensive study of cranberry prices ov^r a period of twenty years and takincr into considera- tion all factors that now influence cranberry prices such as canning, a most important consideration. A set of diff'erentia^s based on fresh fruit prices alone is not fair or equitable. Having all these facts at hand the proper differen- tials in percentages between the different brands were set up, ba«ed on the average fresh fruit spiling price of Badger brand (Bacger is the base price) for the current year when the final settle- ments are made the growers. In other words; all other brands would receive more or less than Badger brand used as a base price. (In order to arrive at the base price, ceduct the differentials from the whole pool, which includes cash from the American Cranberry Ex- change and Cranberry Canners, ad- vertising and commission on all berries, and canning boxes, and divide this amount by the total number of boxes.) The differen- tials which are in percentages are adjusted annually to fit new con- Twelve ditions that might arise as new factors enter from year to year. Now all berries are paid either at the base price or Badger or are paid more or less than Badger, de- pending on their quality. Deer brand, for example, get four per cent more than the base price of Bedger, Royal fifteen per cent more than base price of Badger, while Holly get ten per cent less than the base price or Badger and Cultivated six per cent less than base price of Badger. In making the final account to the grower all berries must be as- sessed the same charges for ad- vertising and commission in order to equalize everyone's share in any revolving fund or in general to equalize any advantage one grower might have over the other by selling fresh or by canning any part of his berries as market con- ditions change back and forth. The American Cranberry Excliange remits to us on a gross basis and we have been rendering final state- ments on this basis to the growers since 1906, but Cranberry Canners returns are based on a net basis— in other words, they make no di- rect charge for advertising or com- mission for operating the canning plant, as these charges are de- ducted before returns are made thp erowers. Consequently, the amount of advertising and com- mission on canning berries to be charged all growers on the can- ning berries when the final state- ment is rendered must be estimat- ed and included in the entire pool before the base price is deter- mined, which, of course, makes for a higher base price. The higher base price is adjusted to the pro- ceeds on the final statement, as we can only pav out what cash we took in from the American Cran- berry Exchange and Cranberry Canners, Inc. Cranberry Canners do not have enough boxes for shipment of all the canning berries, which results in some growers having to use their own boxes intended for fresh fruit, but this again is ad- justed on the final, as a box charge is made the growers who used Cranberry Canners boxes equivalent to the price of a new box and this box charge deducted is put into the general pool before the base price is determined so all e-et an eaual benefit from it. Most of these boxes are again returned to the Sales Company and are sold back to the growers so there is no direct loss except breakage, but it is impossible to return them to the same grower who sent them or in the same pro- portion. You may well ask how about the grower who wants to speculate with all or part of his crop now that you have only one all sea- son's pool. A grower is at liberty to hold any or all of his berries out to speculate on what he may wish to providing he makes such a declaration in writing before October 15. Whatever price these berries sell for, either higher or lower than the pool price, is paid the grower, subject, of course, to the regular selling expense and advertising charges paid by all growers, no matter when or where the berries go. In other words, such berries are an individual sale. In case there is a rejection on any lot of berries, either mar- keted fresh, or processed, the amount of the rejection, if due to the fault of the grower, is charged back to the grower, but if it is not the fault of the grower such a loss is pooled. Frequently it is necessary for growers to hold fruit late in the season because of market condi- tions, and if this is done at the request of the selling organization the grower is compensated for shrinkage and extra care at the rate of three-tenths of one per cent per day of the opening price for any fruit so held after the 15th of ^ November. This premium is in- tended, of course, to cover only shrinkage and extra labor costs, and was decided upon only after a study of such losses. Another strong point in_ our pooling system is that when it be- comes necessary for Cranberry Canners to have some fine quality vine-ripened fruit for cocktail or whole fruit in glass we can furnish such quality fruit at no disadvan- tage to the individual grower fur- nishing the berries as the grower would get the pool price based on quality. Cranberry Canners have only one price and pay not one cent more for a box of the finest quality fruit than they would for a box of seconds. If a grower can get more for his quality fruit on the fresh fruit market he won't want to send his fruit to the Can- ner and get the same price as his neighbor who had very much poor- er quality fruit and yet it may be very desirable that the Canner does have some fine quality fruit. Under our pooling system the grower does not care where his berries go as long as he is paid for quality and so will send them to the Canner or any place else. Many Other Functions of the Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company We believe in order to have a strong organization it is necessary to perform as many services as possible for the membership and to make as many contacts as pos- sible with them. In addition to acting as a marketing organiza- tion, our primary function, we al- so act as a non-profit purchasing organization for supplies, saving our members many thousands of * dollai's annually, and we carry their accounts until fall. Last year we saved our members around $40,000.00 in the matter of boxes alone, as we purchased a good portion of our 1943 requirements in 1942 when the price was 20c per box compared to the price of 30 1/2 c per box in 1943. We oper- ate a hybrid nursery for the de- velopment of new varieties in co- operation with the United States Department of Agriculture, State , of Wisconsin, and the Biron Cran- berry Company. We make out in- come tax reports for members which has grown to be a very val- uable service, and because we are familiar with op^erations on a cranberry marsh we have been able to save the growers a lot of money We carry cooperative crop, builQing and equipment in- surance for most of the members. We send them frequently circu- lars of our own and from other sources giving them cultural and technical suggestions. News Items m general are included which applies to our cranberry growers also such things as rationing' trapping of muskrats or State or b ederal ruling which apply to their industry. We are constantly on the alert to do anything of any nature as long as it will benefit our members ana our industry. The success and growth of our Wiscon- sin organization proves the value ot our services, as our business Sl,500,000 in 1942 and our mem- bership has more than doubled in the same length of time. Our increase in operating cost in the last nine years has been so small as to be hardly noticeable when compared with our increased busi- , ness and is about three-quarters o± one per cent. Cranberry Scoops Coos Co-operative, Canners Members "EatMn Oregon A "good neighbor" meeting of the Coos Cooperative of Oregon and members of Cranberry Can- ners, Inc., was held at the Masonic hall at Bandon, Oregon, on Sunday June 20. The meeting was called by E. R. Mclvie, president of the , Cooperative. There was no for- mal program at this meeting and no open discussion of any prob- lems. A "feast" was gotten to- gether which in these days of rationing was enjoyed, and after the dinner there was a social gathering and musical program at the hall. There were about 70 growers at the gathering. The long-awaited treatise upon cranberry weather, containing among other articles, one by Dr. Franklin which he is calling "Cran- berry Ice," and which is being pub- lished by the Massachusetts State College, is expected to be out shortly. The manuscript has long since been completed and all copy is now in the hands of the printer. This new bulletin is regarded as an important piece of work to cranberry growers. Cranberry vines are apparently so common on Attu Island, which we recently took from the Japs, that Lowell Thomas mentioned them in a broadcast. The broadcast, "Report to the Nation," of recent date, told of the soldiers in Tunisia and other parts of North Africa enjoying dehydrat- ed cranberries. The cranberry bog of Leonard L. Kabler at East Carver, Mass., should be in hands well capable of protecting it, as Mr. Kabler has hired Myron H. Hayden, Carver chief of police, who resigned that post at full time duty to be;ome foreman at the Kabler bogs. As a rule there isn't much police work in Carver and former Chief Hay- den will continue to do some police work as well as working as full time cranberry foreman. Experiments with at least two insecticides new to cranberries are being made with Dr. Frankiin at the Mass. State Bog. One is a synthetic, widely used on other crops. There is interest in the idea of obtaining labor of prisoners of war for cranberry harvest — both in the East and in Wisconsin. Such la- bor is available in areas where the War Manpower Commission finds a scarcity. It is understood em- ployers will pay prevailing wages to- the Government and the Gov- ernment furnishes guards. The Government pays each prisoner laborer 80 cents a day, and keeps the difference. The prisoner re- ceives 70 cents a day anyway and the work is optional. The system is being tried out on some crops in the South and it is said the prisoners are glad to work out in the agricultural fields. Out in Wisconsin one grower has his thermometer connected up electrically so that it rings a bell when a certain temperature is reached. He says it has proven very valuable on several occasions. Cranberry Canners, Inc., Hold Annual Meeting (Continued from Page 5) a potato (sweet) apiece, and wat- ermelon. Guests from out of the state in- cluded C. M. Chaney, general man- ager of the American Cranberry Exchange, E. C. McGrew, assistant general manager and Lester Haines of the Exchange; Mr. Hedler, Guy N. Pottee, Charles Lewis, Jr. and F. F. Mengle from Wisconsin, and from New Jersey, Mr. Cham- bers, Mr. Harrison, Enoch F. Bills, Mr. Budd, Anthony Colosardo, James D. Holman, William Reeves and Ralph C. Claybergei'. Immediately after the bake the Rev. Mr. Gilbert of Connecticut gave a humorous address of half an hour. Officers were re-elected as last year except that Isaac Harrison of New Jersey succeeds John C. Makepeace as treasurer. President — Marcus L. Urann. First Vice President — Isaac Har- rison. Second Vice President — H. Gor- don Mann. Third Vice President— Orrin G. CoUey. Secretary — John C. Makepeace. Treasurer — Isaac Harrison. Executive Committee — Marcus L. Urann and Carl B. Urann; al- ternates, Russell Makepeace and Robert S. Handy. John C. Makepeace; alternate, Arthur D. Benson. Isaac Harrison; alternate, Enoch F. Bills. Directors: Massachusetts — Arthur D. Ben- son, Robert S. Handy, John C. Makepeace, Russell Makepeace, Carl B. Urann, Marcus L. Urann. New Jersey — Enoch F. Bills, Franklin F. Chambers, Isaac Har- rison. Wisconsin — Albert Hedler, Guy N. Potter, Charles L. Lewis. Expect Large Jersey and Mass. Blueberry Crop Harvest is underway in New Jersey on what is predicted will be a bumper crop, greatly exceed- ing that of last year. Harvest started June 21 with a considerable shipment of Weymouths. This variety ripens about a week ahead of Cabot, and the fruit is large and of satisfactory flavor. It appears to be the best of the early varie- ties. There wasa considerable injury to the 1942 crop from winter cold, but practically all areas that were killed then will be in bearing this year. There is also a considerable new planting beginning to bear each year now. The first berries shipped to the New York market opened at 40 and 45 cents. North Carolina ber- ries were bringing 30 to 50 cents on the Philadelphia market. Picking labor is mighty scarce, and a canvass of the area found that most people were not inter- ested in volunteering for part-time emergency farm work. The outlook for cultivated blue- berries in Massachusetts is unus- ually good this year — in fact, it looks like a big, even though not a record crop. This is true around Wareham and on the Cape, al- though at some places inland where temperatures of more than 20 be- low zero were recorded last win- ter, this year's crop prospects are about nil. Some of the larger growers say it is the Cabots, or the standard early variety which looks espec- ially promising, rather than the later varieties. The Pioneers ap- pear about noi'mal. There was a tremendously heavy demand for blueberry cuttings this year, it is reported from blueberry nurseries. Mrs. Maybelle Kelley at East Wareham reports that de- mand was greater than could be filled. There will also be a good crop of wild native blues apparently. The Cape beach plum outlook is not good this year, and in fact is Fourteen poor. It is thought that the rains during the blooming period may account for this. Efforts to Help Labor Problem In Progress County Extension Services are now charged by Federal enactment in the recruiting and placement of agricultural workers of all types and to give assistance to the United States Employment Ser- vice, and a Cranberry Labor Com- mittee, consisting of Arthur D. Benson, New England Cranberry Sales Company, Melville C. Bea- ton, Beaton Distributing Agency, Orrin CoUey, Cranberry Canners, Inc., I. Grafton Howes, Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, and County Agents Bertram Tom- linson and Joseph T. Brown, has been set up. The County Agents have sent out cards to growers to be filled in, and while the Board obviously cannot contract to fulfil any order for help requested it is to do ev- erything possible to supply the number of workers each grower needs. One of the means to be considered, as announced by Mr. Colley at the meeting of Cranberry Canners, is the possibility of war prisoners. This commission is a special one, set up for the cran- berry industry alone, under the general labor procurement setup, for which -in Massachusetts there was a Federal appropriation of S60,000. As one step in New Jersey a small supply of Jamaican laborers have come into Burlington county for cranberry and other agricul- tural work. They have moved in through an arrangement with the two Governments and will be moved back between September 30th and January 1st. These men are experienced agricultural work- ers, although it maj' take some time before the growers and other farmers become accustomed to their abilities and they become accustomed to cranberry work. At least one cranberry grower is using 20 of these men on his cranberry bogs. Fresh Fruit Orders Exceed Last Year News in the form of a notice to members has been sent out by the American Cranberry Exchange that definitely confirm the belief that cranberries have this year joined most other products in that orders are probably going to ex- ceed supply. Mr. Chaney reports that S. A. P. (subject to approval of price) orders were cut off in March, as almost before it was realized, orders for the 1943 crop had exceeded those of 1942. Since that time requests have been put on the waiting list. The total orders (mostly S. A. P.) now on hand by the Exchange rare for 358,000 barrels. This is besides Government estimates of their requirements of fresh cran- berries for armed forces on home soil of about 70,000 barrels. These orders, together with independent shippers, and the Government or- ders of intent for approximately 300,000 barrels of processed fruit from Cranberry Canners, Inc., tell their own story of the market sit- uation of this year's crop. Mr. Chaney also pointed out other fruit crop prospects as of writing: apples, moderat'^, 65 per cent of 8-year average; peaches, 32 per cent below last year; pears, 21 per cent less than last year; plums (California) 10 per cent of last year, but 2 per cent larger than average; prunes (dried, Cali- fornia) about 12 per cent mo'o than last year. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 3) Frost damage has been very slight this year. Probably there was not more than 25 acres in the entire state which were damaged at all, and even this amount of damage showing up was rather a surprise. On the eai'ly bogs the bloom is heavy and it looks as if the late bloom would be good also. There is some danger of excessive rot, but, in general, growers are spray- ing more than last year although ♦ not as much as in a normal labor year. Airplane Airplane dusting and Dusting, spraying for leafhop- Spraying per is still popular in New Jersey, althoug-h some flooding is practical. It seems that this species hatch more uniformly here than in Massachu- » setts and somewhat earlier due to the more general late holding of the winter flood. May 10th is al- most an average date for the re- moval of the winter flood and when this is done leafhoppers are all out by June 10th. Earlier removal of the water has a tendency to scat- ter the emergency from May 26 to late in June. WISCONSIN Heavy Rains There were heavy • Cause Floods rains in the first part of June, five or six inches falling; some dams were washed out in the Mather- Warrens area, and one or two in Cranmoor, and marshes were flood- ed. Considerable damage resulted in the Mather-Warrens and the B'ack River Falls area. Only lim- ited damage was done to the vines, however, and the greatest damage was to dams, bulkheads, roads, and in one or two instances sand and peat were washed out of sections. » Had this flood occurred a little later when the vines were in full bloom damage would have been extreme. Vines are As of the latter Late, but part of June, crop Look Good prospects are still for a crop of be- tween 110,000 and 125,000 barrels, the latter if conditions from now on are favorable. Late June rains and warm weather pushed the vines along rapidly. There was, in fact, a little too much rain and that caused some bud absorption and excessive vine growth. Vines look good, but are late, and scattering bloom did not appear until the middle of the month. There was very little damage from fireworm, growers flooding for it, although the first brood was more numerous than last year. The second brood Victory Will Come Some Day A ND after the War, we foresee an even greater future for the cranberry industry. We are planning for that glorious day when we can serve you to your fullest desires in cranberry equipment and repair service. Right NOW we can Give you Service in Repairs and Repair Parts, Can Still Manufacture a few Small Pumps, Service on Separators and Belt Screens. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MFC. CO. WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS E. C. St Jacques in July and August will be more numerous than usual because the late season has made control of the first brood more difficult, and fruit- worm will be likely to be more pre- valent, Vernon Goldsworthy has warned the growers. But flooding was used for the first brood and there is enough insecticide for the second to be controlled. OREGON Backwood The Bandon area has Season had the coldest, So Far most disagreeable spring weather, and it has now developed that there was considerable damage on some of the coast bogs by frost on the night of April 28th. This was one of the hardest freezes in recent years. The whole spring had been cold, wet and backward, and the berries were very late in beginning to bloom out. But several warm days came along in the middle cf June and they started to green up well and blooms were beginning to show up, but there was not much bloom until about the 20th. With this condition there is little valu3 in attempting to guess the crop at the present time. WASHINGTON Bogs Still As June advanced. Two Weeks the season was Behind still about two weeks behind noi*- mal, and bogs were in the hook stage until after the middle of the month. There was a very good showing of hooks, but until the set takes place there is little more to say. The hooks indicate that if the weather warms up, last year's crop might be exceeded consider- ably. However, the backwardness of the weather and hence a shorter growing season may bring smaller berries, which wuold cut crop prospects. Progress J- H. Alexander, At the foreman of building Meyers Co. operations at the Bog big Meyers & Com- pany bog, is making good headway and has about twen- ty-five or thirty acres cleared and scalpings moved off the ground. Much ditching and incidental work has also been attended to. The Cranberry Laboratory at Long Beach station was consulted by Mr. Meyers in the hiring of a fore- man and Mr. Alexander was rec- Fifteen olnmended. Although the latter personally owns only a couple of acres of bog, he has cleared and planted bog for years. Labor at the Meyers bog is receiving $9.00 a day "all clear", the latter mean- ing transportation to and from the bog, no union dues, and of course agricultural workers do not have the Victory tax deducted. No Frost There was no frost Losses injury this season, and in fact the sea- son was a very easy one in regard to frosts. Sprinklers were oper- ated only a couple of times. The growers are entirely sold on sprinkler irrigation for frost con- trol. The overhead sprinklers have so far never failed to com- pletely meet the situation. Wisconsin Production (Continued from Page 2) It may not grow in great propor- tion the next few years, but there is now sufficient new acreage com- ing into maturity to insure an in- crease, barring the unforeseen. Many growers also have in mind adding to their acreage. It seems agreed that Wisconsin may be expected — all growing conditions being normal — produc- tion in the next few years will be going up to 125,000 to 150,000 bar- rels a year. The nearly 800 acres which have been planted before and since the war, in the last few years, and the improvement of marsh properties make this a cer- tainty. How much new acreage will go in when the war ends is, of course, as uncertain as are all things at present. As far as room for ex- pansion goes, that is, how much suitable marsh land remaining un- developed could be given acequate water supply, the acreage is "prac- tically inexhaustible." North from Wisconsin Rapids to Lake Superior and the Canadian border stretch vast quantities of marshland, a great deal of it suit- able to cranberry production and much of it so located that a water supply would be obtainable. One well-informed grower, asked to roughly estimate the possible acreage, suggested 50,000 acres. Another said this figure wouldn't begin to cover the amount of land suitable to cranberry growing. This available cranberry land may not mean too much in itself, as there is room for more bog in New Jersey and in Massachu- setts. Concerning Massachusetts, the bulletin, "The Cranberry In- Sixteen dustry in Massachusetts," by Neil D. Stevens, H. J. Franklin, C. I. Gunness and V. C. Peterson, Mass. State College, 1934, reported that in Barnstable Countv nearly all suitable bog land had been used up, most of the good cranberry sites in Plymouth are already taken, but "excellent unused loca- tions are scattered as far west as the Connecticut Valley, north to the foothills of the White Moun- tains, and such sites seem to be especially abundant in Essex and Middlesex Counties." However, there is no such inclination at the moment to expand to these coun- ties in Massachusetts as there is northward in Wisconsin. While there is this limitless acreage which could be put into production, some believe a good deal of the very best land right in the immediate vicinity of Wis- consin Rapids, the heart of the in- dustry, has already been developed, or is in the hands of growers who will not expand great'y unless they see sound justification for it — that is, greater demand and a satisfac- tory price. Some growers feel that further great growth in the sections which are already most developed would be limited by the lack of water. But to oft'set this possible drawback it is pointed out that not nearly as much of the water that could be is pumped back into reservoirs, and thus made use of more than once. The re-use of water would make more acreage possible. Third Generation Now "I have great confidence in the ambitions and ability of the future of the third generation of cran- berry growers which is now com- ing along," said one grower. "This generation will have the ad- vantage of accumulated cranberry capital, which is mighty import- ant, and also of inherited ability and a general knowledp'e of the cranberry business they have heard about f.ll their lives. This generation after the war will have a great opportunity to develop largely, if conditions then warrant it. "The grandfathers of these young men started the business, and, in a few cases, even their great-grandfathers. Their fath- ers took up where their fathers left off and have built the indus- try to where it is now. This thira generation will inherit all these advantages. It will have the ad- vantage of having some degree of prosperity behind it and is getting Isetter educations than many of the older growers received. These young men will be able to see the advantage of taking up cranberry growing for careers." In the old days, a grower point- ed out, the matter of the location of the best marshlands was a drawback which has now been largely overcome. Some marshes were located far from railroads and there were no trucks or good roads to get the product easily and quickly to market. Now this is all changed, and roads and com- munications are being (or were be- fore the war) improved, overcom- ing the greater distances between marshes and supply and shipping centers that once were limiting factors in Wisconsin. Growers Confine Interests to Business One advantage that Wisconsin has is that such a large proportion of its growers are cranberry growers exclusively and give the business their full attention Most growers who have other interests regard them as decidedly minor to growing cranberries. A large proportion of the growers, or some active member of their family group, live right on the marsh. With their acreages surrounding their homes, their attention is nat- urally kept easily focused on cran- berries. These splendid marsh homes, many large, very attractive, with : 11 modern conveniences, are a rev- elation to a man from Massachu- setts, where so relatively few o-rowers have homes at their bogs. Many of these Wisconsin marshes are regarded as practically "es- tates" by their owners, with land holdings up into hundreds of acres. With a chance to hunt and fish and farm extensively all on their own propei'ties, these Wisconsin grow- ers lead fine lives, which make them better cranberry growers. Wisconsin gi-owers have little hesitancy about making heavy in- vestments to expand their acre- ages. They go in for heavy, mod- ern construction equipment and build along broad, sound lines. Their grassy marshes haven't the fine appearance of Massachusetts bogs, but they do produce the cranberries, which, after all, is what counts. East Safe in Production As far as supplanting Massachu- setts as chief producing center, the growers have no hopes of that for a good many years to come. They realize that would take time, and in fact there is no evidence of the spirit of being out to beat the East. The feeling is simply that Wisconsin is out to grow the most cranberries she can, and to expand just as fast, but only as fast, as there is sound reason for expansion. Wisconsin growers are fully aware of the foolishness of ex- panding so rapidly that markets cannot profitably take care of pro- duction. They see no object in having cranberry markets glutted. (Continued in next issue) Larg-e Quantities Of Cryolite Being" Used Massachusetts cranberry g:row- ers used more than 52 tons of cry- olite in fighting- insect pests in 1942, according to figures of Dr, Franklin. Town agents, short of arsenate of lead because of the war, took their cue from the cran- berry experience with cryolite, and towns in the southeastern part of Massachusetts, used more than 37,000 pounds in checking that in- sect. The demand for cryolite this season has been beyond all expec;- tations, says the Stauffer Chemical Company of New York, which esti- mates it must have supplied a lit- tle over fifty per cent of the busi- ness last year. Due to the scar- city of rotenone, pyrethrum, and arsenate of lead, cryolite is being used on many truck crops. Most plants are not operating to capac- ity in producing cryolite, due to the shortage of labor, and it is feared this condition may grow worse, rather than better, in com- ing months. The Stauffer company, in view of this, plans to suggest that cran- beri'y growers seriously consider taking in stocks of insecticides and fungicides this coming fall for next season so as to be assured of a supply in 1944. Some Mass. grow- ers did get in their cryolite last December and early in January. TO ADVERTISE TO THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY THIS MAGAZINE IS THE ONLY MEDIUM ELECTRICITY Is a mighty power in war A mighty power in peace It is speeding the day of victory on the battlefronts and at home in the field of production, in industries, on the farms and cranberry bogs. Plymouth County Electric Co, WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Best for the Purpose CRANBERRY BOXES MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE Grown and Manufactured Here F. H. COLE Established 1707 MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS NORTH CARVER. MASS. Tel. 46-5 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bngs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44 -R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Extensive Experienre in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRFD PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIEN$-7///er ING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BRILLION. WIS s •^ Eatmor Cranberries "At a time when farmers' co-operatives are be- ing tested to the limit under the surge of war, it is a good plan for members to examine the stuff their organizations are made of, and how they were built in the beginning. Co-operatives that have been built soundly from the individ- ual farmer up, and have been properly manned and managed, are better prepared to stand the stress of these turbulent times that the ordinary business concern. Members of such co-ops are fortunate." Cranberry growers are "fortunate" that they have had such ization since 1907 - an organization built by men of sound wisdom and foresight. an organ- judment, NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS «t ri\k^l.l ^ I II ^>>J /-\i 1 s^w^^\/v//V/w r^ I uz-ii-v ^^T\OHAL CRANBERRV ^A6AZiN£ APE COD iBW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON PHOTO BY MRS. GLADYS MEYER WASHINGTON TEACHERS ARE CRANBERRY ^^MEN" August, 1943 20 cents BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Largest Independent Shipper of Cape Cod Cranberries WILL BE IN THE MARKET FOR ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES OF CRANBERRIES both FRESH AND CANNING STOCK A representative will call upon request. Call Wareham 130. FROM THE "FLAT TOPS" Take Off Our Avenging AIR FIGHTERS And the "flat tops" of agricultural production provide a basic springboard for all our war effort. Members of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company in this crucial month of August are bringing to harvest another substantial crop of healthful cranberries, one of the vigor-giving items of the war diet. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Will You Do Your Share? Uncle Sam needs 50% of your 1943 crop for the armed forces. Cranberry Canners, Inc., needs 10% of your 1943 crop for civilians. Will You Do Your Share To Help Fill These Needs? More than 800 cranberry growers have already pledged 50 S( of their crops to the Cranberry Army Pool to fill v^ar needs. Uncle Sam needs your cranberries too. Write or telephone any one of Cranberry Canners' headquarters and enroll in the Cranberry Army Pool today. Civilians, too, want canned cranberry sauce. Cranberry Canners, Inc., needs at least 100,000 barrels more to supply civilians. This is only one-third of the demand. It must be filled if we are to retain our customers. Remember they will be needed after the war when there is no government business to depend upon. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, Illinois Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO, Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass, Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Attention Mass. Cranberry Growers At Our NEW Modern Garage GMC Truck Sales and Complete Truck Service. Hercules-Campbell Truck Bodies, Hydraulic Dump, Hoist, Stake and Delivery Station Wagons. United States Tires and Tubes for trucks and passenger cars. (To certificate holders.) Cordes Motor Sales Co. WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 75-R Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts CRANBERRY SHOOKS and BOXES Tel. Carver 10-3 Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin Boxes, Box Shooks, Crating Wirebound Boxes and Crates M & M's 64th Year SERVING THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES, Prop.) Wareham, Mass. SEPARATORS Screening Equipment New and Serviced Cranberry Bog Pumps Wood County Nationa Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin DECAS CRANBERRY CO. Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES This year we are in a position to handle over 50,000 barrels of ber- ries. We are ready to buy your crop, wheth- er it is large or small. Telephone Wareham 147 <% Issue of August, 1943 — Vol. 8, No. 4 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $2 00 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS MASSACHUSETTS ^ Dry Weather Beginning in late June Continues During closing (lays of June the weather was al- together too dry — and too hot. There was but one day of heavy rain, June 28, and only .48 inches recorded then. Again on July 5th and 7th (the same day Jersey got its too heavy rain) 1.12 inches were recorded at the State Bog. This was rather a soaking rain, doing some good, although more would have been desirable. Vines on high places on many bogs, in- cluding the State Bog, were burned, some quite badly. Tem- peratures of more than 100 de- gTees were too hot. Ditch irriga- tion was resorted to widely and the dry heat possibly did not take too heavy a toll in general. II Most Bogs Had Heavy Blossom — By the end of the week of July 4th general feeling was still that the crop would be a good one. At the office of the New England Sales Company it was said about all the members had reported good bloom and good pro.spects. Some indi- vidual growers reported better bloom and better prospects at the time than last year, and this was still true of some of the larger growers. However, as the blos- som began to go and the set to come in a few said their bogs didn't look nearly as well as they had hoped. They blamed what they considered decreased crop prospects chiefly on the heat and dryness of the end of June. One big grower pointed out that a big bloom almost never meant a big crop. TI Early Water Bogs Look Fine. By mid-July it was evident that bogs which had pulled the water early had excellent prospects. This was true in general also of cry bogs. On the latter the heavy snows of last winter had prevented winter kill and there were no spring frosts. On many dry bogs and on bogs which had been dried early the vines were loaded with the small beri-ies. This was true of dry and early water bogs both in Plymouth County and on the Cape. Possibly bogs that had deep water and on which the water was not taken off so early did not fare quite as well. Dr. Bergman feels that bogs which had deep water, and particularly in the centers of such bogs where the water was deeper, suffered more than usual from lack of oxy- gen during the winter. With more snow on the ice above, this deeper water would have had a greater oxygen deficiency. U Fruit and Second Brook Fire- worm. By July 8th the fruitworm was beginning to hatch. There was quite a good deal observed and these worms may cause a lit- tle moi-e damage than some years. Before mid-July Dr. Cross at the State Bog said there were many inquiries about the second brood fireworm. Growers were report- ing that the worms were "freak- ish" this year, and they were puz- zled and some felt a good deal of concern. The second brood showed up on bogs where it was not com- monly found in previous years and it was found on bogs or areas of bogs on which there was no first brood. However, as the month By C J. H. came to end, it was evident fire- worm injury in general this year was not serious. Fruit worm in- jury may be about "normal", too, as growers got after it promptly. TI C a p e Prospects. Barnstable County with its many dry bogs and light crop last year gave ev- ery indication of a very good crop this year, in spite of considerable gypsy and first brood fireworm earlier in the season. Most dry bogs and those with Early Blacks had beautiful blooms and beautiful sets. !I Rainfall and Temperature. The weather was hot most of July and rainfall was decidedly on the light side. There was no serious de- ficiency in precipitation as con- cerned cranberries, however, and toward the end of the month there were thunder showers and some days of rain. !I Early Blacks and Howes. Early Blacks have been reported by many growers as looking very good, with a fine set following a bloom which in many instances made the bog white. The story in regard to Howes was not too well told, as the month ended, and on many bogs, particularly those with late water, the bloom lingered on and set and growth of new berries had not progressed very far. TI Summary. The end of July is really no time to estimate crops, yet many growers have definite opinions forming, and a rough idea of opinion may be obtained. A careful cross-section compiled by the New England Cranberry Sales (Continued on Page 15) Three BENNETTS -Late A. C, Pioneer, A. E. and Ermon Have Contributed Much to the Wisconsin Industry Have Weather Record of Bennett Marsh Dating from 1887 — Developed Bennett Jumbos — Have Filled Im- portant Offices — A. E. President of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Co. since 1926 — Er- mon Cooperative Weather Observer. By CLARENCE J. HALL (This is the second of a series of sketches about Wisconsin cranberry growers and the Wisconsin cranberry industry following a visit to that state.) The name Bennett is one of the oldest and proudest in the Wisconsin cranberry industry, and many are the valuable contributions A. E. (Dad) Bennett, president of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company since 1926, of his son, Ermon Bennett, and before them A. C. Bennett, who began a marsh in 1873 and was one of the Wisconsin pioneers. A. E. Bennett followed and broadened the path begv;n by his illustrious father for many, many years, and now Ermon, the third generation in associ- ation with A. E. is further building up the Bennett tradition. The Ben- nette have many achievements to their credit. For instance, way back in 1887 A. E. began keeping a weather rec- ord of frosts and minimum temperatures at the Bennett marsh. He continued this until 1917, but as Ermon began to take over much of the active work he assumed this duty among others and is still keeping it. Possibly there is no other cranberry property in the country for which there is a continuous record of more than 50 years. With just a few exceptions, it is possible to look up whether or not there was a frost and what the minimum temperature was on any given day over all these years. It was one of the writer's great- est disappointments on the recent trip to Wisconsin that I did not even see "Dad" Bennett, so often called "The Grand Old Man" of the Wisconsin cranberry industry. A. E. Bennett, at the time I visited the Bennett & Son marsh at Cran- moor, was up at his other prop- erty at Rice Lake and I did not have time to make the consider- able trip to Rice Lake. I had hoped to have him reminisce about the good old days in Wisconsin and planned talking with this man who has contributed so much to the success of Wisconsin cranberry growing. I did, however, have the pleasure of renewing acquaintance with Ermon, better known among the Wisconsin growers as "Ernie", and members of his family. Neil E. Stevens, once writing in CRANBERRIES upon the subject "Cranberry Growers I Have Known," told the story of how A. E. Bennett in 1908, then president of the Wisconsin Cranberry Grow- ers' Association, gave the pres- ident's address. Mr. Bennett said: "The pi'ogram calls for me to give the 'president's address' and I am prepared to give it. It is A. E. Bennett, Grand Rapids (now Wis- consin Rapids) R. F. D. No. 3. Anyone looking up that address will find a square meal awaiting him." That address by Mr. Bennett was mace a good many years ago, and Mr. Bennett himself on the day I called was not even there. But his promise still held good. We arrived late in the afternoon of a rainy day which was threat- ening to break away into a frost night. But there was a hearty supper, including excellent cran- berry honey, as Mrs. Ernie Ben- nett's father is a bee man and be- lieves that bees are very beneficial around a cranberry marsh. In fact, the Bennett reputation for hospitality goes away back. A. C, who started cranberrying when, to quote the now popular expres- sion, cranberry growing was scarcely more than "a gleam in the eye" of a few far-sighted Wis- consin pioneers, began the Bennett reputation for hospitality. The first summer meeting of the Wis- consin Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation, for which there is record of a dinner being served, was at this same Bennett marsh. That was in 1889 and there were then forty guestg. This tradition of hospi- tality is another Bennett reputa- tion which Ernie of the third gen- eration is carrying on. He and his wife, Edna, have four children: two daughters, Joyce, a senior in High school next fall, and Celia, and two sons, Bradley and Irving, now in the Army Air Corps and in the Navy. It had been the writer's hope to get some real first-hand informa- tion about the earlier days in Wis- consin from "Dad" Bennett, and his recollections would have been well worth setting down. Mr. Ben- nett was born August 11, 1862, and most of his 81 years he has been of the cranberry industry. A. C. Bennett a Pioneer of Int'^ustry To briefly tell a story familiar to most Wisconsin growers, A. C. Bennett, who was a native of New York state and one of the early traveling salesmen, including in his itinerary the new and bustling towns of Wood County. He brought his family west in 1871. He saw a future in cranberries and became interested himself in 1873. In 1880, with his youthful son, Arthur E., who had been in- troduced to the then wild and for- bidding Wood County cranberry country when he was fifteen, he be- gan to transform a natural wild marsh just south of that of Ralph Smith's into the beginnings of the present Bennett & Son marsh. For some years A. E. spent his summers working' at the marsh and attended school at Appleton and later Lawrence college. The elder Bennett, who had giv- en up the life of a traveling man to grow cranberries in Central Wis- Four consin, joined the American Cran- , berry Growers' AAssociation when the New Jersey Association was the only cranberry grroup in existence and had many members from Mas- sachusetts, Wisconsin and other states which were then growing cranberries. He became a member of the Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Association when that was formed. He attended cran- berry meetings in New Jersey and ' visited Massachusetts. On these trips East he learned all he could about how cranberries were grown in the East and upon returning to Wisconsin he told the growers there of what he had learned. The Bennetts continued to be leaders in the Wisconsin associa- tion and industry, and when the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany was formed — the first of the three cooperatives now making up the American Cranberry Exchange — became members of that pioneer cooperative. A. E. Bennett Now Dean of the Growers As dean of the Wisconsin cran- berry industry, Mr. Bennett has cari'ied his leadership from cul- tural practices to the council cham- bers of the industry, where the weight of his judgment and his honor and justice have bulwarked the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales company and industry. He was fifteen when his father began. For several years A. E. spent his sum- mers at the marsh and attended schbol at Appleton and later Law- rence college. It may be recalled that in 1937 Mr. Bennett was given an honor- ary diploma by the University of Wisconsin at a dinner at Madison by the university, this being an annual award by the Agricultural college for an outstanding contri- bution to agriculture. He has al- so been active in civic affairs, a member of the Wood County Board, helped to establish the agri- cultural school, is a director of, and stockholder in the Wood Coun- ty National Bank, a stockholder of the Cranmoor Water Company, and has been president of the cranmoor school district since it was organized in 1905. CRANBERRIES PH tRNIE" BENNETT "Ernie" Bennett is not only fol- lowing his father as one of the most active and most loyal of the Wisconsin cranberry growers and of his grandfather, but is filling a major civilian duty during this war. He was named to one of the Wisconsin Draft boards Local Board No. 1, Wood County, with headquarters at the Courthouse at Wisconsin Rapics. The area served by this board is the south- ern part of Wood County. This, of course, is an area in which there are many of the Wisconsin marshes. The selection of Ermon Bennett to this most important of war-time civilian posts is a tribute to his ability and integrity. He is fully aware of the heavy responsibilities such work entails, and has conscientiously done his duty to the best of his ability. He admits it is an extremely difficult position and often calls for decis- ions he does not like to make, and as a cranberry grower himself, fully aware of the labor problems of the growers, it often requires a very delicate sense of balance to administer exact justice, both to his country and to his fellow grow- ers and other neighbors and friends. However, he realizes that someone has to sei've on draft boards and no one can do more than to do the best they can. He has been president of the Five CRANBERRIES PHOTO VIEW OF PART OF BENNETT MARSH WITH PARTIAL FROST FLOW Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' As- sociation. Ermon Active in Many Affairs Ernie is a Cooperative Weather Observer for his district for the United States Weather Bureau, serving under the Chicago bureau. Every morning readings are taken at the Bennett marsh and tele- graphed to this bureau, and in frost season (which in Wisconsin may include every month of the summer) these figures from Cran- moor are used in figuring out the cranberry forecasts which are sent out every afternoon. These daily reports include temperature read- ings in the shelter and at the bog, wind direction, and whether the sky is clear or cloudy, and the pre- cipitation. He has volunteered for the distribution of the frost re- ports in the afternoon when the forecast comes in from Chicago, and from the Bennett home these reports are distributed to growers by telephone, very much as is done in Massachusetts. His interest in the weather ex- tends to his making his own sup- plementary weather forecast for the Bennett marsh. In this he uses the frost formula developed by Dr. Franklin and which is do- ing such excellent service in Mas- sachusetts. He says that he has found he can make mostly accur- ate forecasts for his own marsh in this way, and so most of the time he is pretty certain as to what will develop in the frost line at Six his own marsh curing the night. They Developed the Bennett Jumbos A. E. Bennett and his father were responsible for the develop- ment of the variety known as the Bennett Jumbo, which was found to be one of the best keeping of the native Wisconsin varieties. Experiments were made at the Bennett marsh with early Metallic Be'ls and Prolifics. The grading and sorting methods now in vogue in Wisconsin owe a good deal to experiments and developments which have been made at this marsh. The Bennett & Son marsh con- sists of about 60 acres of cultivat- ed beds in a total property of 800 acres. Water is taken from the cranberry ditch. This marsh has produced more than 4,000 barrels in a single year. There are about ten buildings on the property, in- cluding three family dwellings, two warehouses, and one of the longest drying sheds in the state, this being 240 feet long and eight feet wide. Other buildings in- clude bunkhouses for temporary help, workshop, garage, and barn. During the active season the Ben- netts are assisted by a foreman, Ed Stavens, who has been their foreman for about two months each year for about forty years. Stavens first came to the marsh when he was seven, coming- there with his mother to help pick. Ernie Bennett is not exactly a loquacious man, and his interest K is rather in doing things than in talking about them. You gather that he is a grower who likes to take a very active part in the everyday supervision of the prop- erty and spends a good deal of time out of doors and in rough working clothes. In fact, in re- gard to the photograph of Ernie, accompanying this sketch, Mrs. Bennett said, "Some time I hope somebody with a camera will catch Ernie when he is dressed up a little." This may explain why the photo of Ernie is not a more for- mal one. Ernie is an outdoor man, liking hunting and fishing, and it seems in years past has developed a fond- ness for water "skiing." He is admittedly an authority on cran- berry weather and has the repu- tation of being considered one of the best growers in the state, al- though he himself calls such a statement a bit too flattering. On the particular afternoon I was at the Bennett marsh all in- dications pointed, he said, to the belief that there might be a frost developing. He was deciding that it was best to plan to spend a night of "alert." "You know how it is," he said, and he turned his attention toward getting ready and that ended an all-too-brief interview at the Bennett marsh. A frost night is a frost night any- where, for a grower who tends to his own property— even in Wis- consin, LAURENCE MONROE ROGERS Laurence Monroe Rogers, for- mer well known and respected Massachusetts cranberry grower and for eight years cranberry specialist for the State of Wiscon- sin, died at his home, 208 East Robinson avenue, Orlando, Florida, July 19, 1943. Mr. Rogers had been retired, living in Florida for some years, and for some time had been ill. He was 73. Mr. Rogers made his impress on the cranberry industry in Massachusetts as a successful bog manager, and his work in Wis- consin is recognized as one of the very cefinite factors in the prog- ress of the Wisconsin cranberry industry. Mr. Rogers was an astute ob- server of nature, took an intensive interest in the practices and the- oj'ies of cranberry cultivation, and was of an inventive tui-n of mind. These talents were turned to the advantage of the industry. In a tribute to his cranberry work in the last issue of CRANBERRIES, Dr. Neil E. Stevens, who had for many years been familiar with his efforts, pointed out a number of his achievements, both in Massa- chusetts and in Wisconcin. Wis- consin growers acknowledged their debt to Mr. Rogers' services while he was in their state. Mr. Rogers was born in East Harwich, December 6, 1870. His father, Asa Rogers, was one of the Cape's early growers and he even- tually became interested in man- aging a big cranberry property in South Carver. This was the pres- ent Atwood Bog Company prop- erty, now operated by Paul Thompson. Following the associ- ation of his father with the At- wood Bog Company and with Mr. Thompson's grandfather, Mr. Mayo, L. M. Rogers was given the management of the property. He managed this property with great success for about 30 years. Interested in the scientific as well as the practical aspects of cranberry growing, L. M. Rogers was employed for about a year at the Massachusetts State Experi- mental station at East Wareham in association with Dr. Henry J. P'ranklin and Dr. Stevens when the latter was engaged in cranberry work there. After this he re- ceived an appointment from the Wisconsin Department of Agricul- ture as state cranberry specialist there, to assist the growers of that state. He served as Wiscon- sin specialist from 1928 until 1936. He then retired, and was succeeded by Dr. H. F. Bain. Mr. Rogers was well known by many of the olcer Massachusetts growers and held in high respect for his achievements and abilities. Part of his time in Carver he lived on the Atwood Bog property and for some time at South Carver village. Mrs. Rogers taught school there at one time, and some of the present Carver cranberry men at- tended her classes. His widow, Mrs. Mary C. Rogers of Orlando, and a daughter survive him. Philip O. Cebhardf Wisconsin cranberry growers suffered another sorrow- in July in the sad death of Philip O. Gebhardt of Black River Falls. Mr. Gebhardt was one of the more progressive younger growers, who had been in perfect health until his illness, re- su'ting in his death on July 9. He would have been 39 years old on the last day of July. Philip Gebhardt was the only son of Mrs. Bertha Gebhardt and of the late Henry H. Gebhardt, who was widely knowm as one of the earlier Wisconsin growers, and the nephew of Herman J. Geb- hardt, who operates a marsh which adjoins that begun by his late brother. These two marshes are among the finest in the state. (Continued on Pace 15) 9eT«D THE MIGHT OF THE ALLIES IS SPEAKING NOW - It's up to us to keep punching on the Home Front! The Allies are unleashing their power, and striking hard at the enemy. Roosevelt has called it "the beginning of the end." It's up to us to keep punching in production and to keep punching in buying War Bonds. This is the time to let our fighting men know we are in there behind them fight- ing as tirelessly and as patriotically as they are. The need of agricultural production will be greater than ever. KEEP PUNCHING! This is the fifteenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals: Colley-Cranberry Co. 17 Court St. Plymouth, Mass. Cranberry Lake Development Company Phillips, Wisconsin ALBERT HEDLER, Pres. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF AUGUST, 1943 Vol. 8 No. 4 SO FAR, SO GOOD A month or so more and the cranberry crop of 1943 will begin coming off the vines. This will be one of the most critical crops in the history of the industry. The Government has asked for more ber- ries than can be supplied. Civilians want more food than they can get, and civilian cranberry orders already exceed the num- ber that can be filled. The crop can never be counted until the cranberries are ready for market. But now it looks as if the cranberry grow- ers are to do a good job of production. Last year's production was the second highest on record. The crop of the year before was good. Yet, seemingly, the growers, in spite of this heavy bearing of the past two years, in spite of insecticide and labor scarcities, in spite of everything, have so far come through. Harvest, and other uncertainties lie ahead athwart the goal, and growers cannot yet heave any sighs of relief. But at least they can say, "so far, so good." THE NEWS IS GOOD NOT suggesting any relaxation, cran- berry growers, in common with all Americans, can view our war effort today with great encouragement and thankful- ness. The might we have accumulated is now beating directly against the Axis. Our boys are putting in telling blows against the enemy. The news we are read- ing and hearing is good news, for the most part. It should make us dig in all the harder. WHEN VICTORY COMES WHEN Victory does come the cran- berry industyr should still have a hard job to fulfill demand. The starved countries which have been overrun by the , war will need all the foods possible for the next few years. Industrial produc- tion potential is so great that it is said we will be able to produce twice what we could before. The higher industrial ca- pacity should make for continued well- filled pocket-books, more employment, even better standards of living. Many folks will have learned to have eaten cranberries during the war, particularly Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long- Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Warehctm, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application many of our armed forces. Cranberries have gone abroad in lend-lease. The market for cranberries should expand all around after the war. The million barrel production, spurred on by the million bar- rel or more market, is certain to be here before many years. AS harvest draws nearer the most critical question is picking labor. Harvest labor is going to be scarcer this year in every cranberry area. Growers don't yet know just where the necessary help is coming from, but concerted efforts to solve the problem are well in progress. There is talk, but not discouragement. Growers feel this last step can be surmounted, with cooperation of the agencies at work and individual resourcefulness. Nine Washington School Teachers Are Hard-Working Cranberry ''Men ft Juanita Wyckoff and Laura Saundison, Educators of Hoquiam, Operate Suc- cessful Property at Gray- land. By LEMPI K. LILLEGAARD Two State of Washington school teachers, who are also part-time cranberry growers, come pretty close to one hundred per cent of filling the bill in the scheme of useful war-time work. They are Miss Juanita "Juan" Wyckoflf and Miss Laura "Sandy" Sandison, and they teach school at Hoquiam, grow cranberries at Grayland, which is about 30 miles distant, and keep busy at other construc- tive activities. Every Friday evening, their school teaching done for the week, has found them in Grayland, ready to start working on their bog. Their summers, which are not spent at summer school, afford them much time to work on the production of cranberries. They call this cranberry work "getting away from it all." They are all enthusiasm when it comes to cranberries. Possibly, all things taken into consideration, they might make a higher financial gain in some easier way. But their enjoyment of cranberry work is primarily not mercenary. They own two acres of produc- ing bog which is about fifteen years old, and their "home site" includes a very comfortable house, a warehouse, and several pickers' cabins. The highest yield of this bog has been nearly 800 shipping boxes. The berries are McFarlins. They purchased this bog about four years ago and until last win- ter, when help got so scarce, they hired the managing of the har- vesting and some of the weeding. However, they have always done their own spraying and most of the weeding. This year, with Juan taking charge, the only help they plan to hire will be pickers (if these Ten are available). If not, it will be a case of scoop for Juan and Sandy. The summers are cool in Wash- ington, which perhaps is one of the sources of their vitality, and when at work they wear any sort of clothing, as shown by the COVER PHOTOGRAPH. Miss Sanderson is the spray pusher and Miss Wyckhoff the nozzleman. The shoes worn by Sandy on the spray- ing pump were her nephew's cast- offs. They feel that anybody who tries to look "smooth" while working on a cranberry bog just won't make out. Besides doing cranberry work these energetic educators have a bountiful vegetable and fruit gar- den and a good start in cultivated b'ueberries. They have dug and canned razor clams. During this summer they will be busy replen- ishing their wood supply for the winter from the beaches, which provide driftwood for those who have the time and inclination to gather it. This summer they will Washington Bog Of Japanese Is Sold The Ira Murakami cranberry bog at Ilwaco, Washington, has been soM to Leonard Morris of Ilwaco by J. H. Doupe, who was manag- ing the Murakami property, taken over since Murakami was taken to the Japanese interment camp at Tulelake, California. The sale in- cludes dwelling, warehouse, spray- house, pumphouse, equipment, and about 27 acres of land, of which ten had been set to vines. Before war came Mr. Murakami had been in business at Ilwaco for about 25 years. Mr. Morris has the local agency for the Richfield Oil company and distribution of gasoline and oil. He has also purchased an eight acre bog, formerly owned by Dr. Morse. also can vegetables and fruit against the winter. They hope to get in some rug weaving in their spare time and have already pur- chased a loom. They won't get any Navy or Army "E" for their wartime ac- tivities. But it can scarcely be said that any of their activities from school teaching — Miss San- derson teaches primary school, and Miss Wyckhoff up to the pres- ent time has been art supervisor in the Hoquiam schools — to the producing of blueberries and cran- berries, are not all worthy efforts. Miss Wyckhoff has now resigned as art supervisor, and after man- aging the harvesting' of the crop will either attend the University of Southern California or go into defense work of some sort. Farm Equipment Outlook Improving Increased Cranberry Equip- ment As Result of WPB Order. Definitely cheering for cran- berry growers (and other agricul- turists) is the recent WPB Lim- itation Order for Farm Machinery which substantiaaly increases manufacturing quotas for many sorts of equipment. The periocl for this increased quota runs from July 1 of this year until the end of September, 1944, which mean- that supplying manufacturers cai increase their sales, particular! for next year's progi-am. The quota on power dusters is increased about three times as of 1942. That is the per cent of dusters over '40 or '41 production, whichever was larger, is now up from 41 per cent to 128; small pumps from 32 per cent to 68; big pumps from none to 135 per cent; fruit graders (which include cran- berry separators) from 21 per cent to 85. With these better priority rat- ing quotas the manufacturers will be given the increased supplies and if labor can be found will be able to fill more orders of custom- ers than has been possible. Cranberry Canners Holds New Jersey Meeting At Newly-Acquired Factory This Latest Property at Bordentown Is Inspected by Those Attending the Meeting on July 26th — Plant Is Im- posing One, With Many Advantages In Its Location — In His Talk, Mr. Urann Stresses Importance of New Jersey Production The summer meeting for New Jersey members of Cranberry Can- ners, Inc., was held at the newly- purchased plant, a former worsted mill, of brick and steel, at Bordens- town, New Jersey, Monday, July 26th. A large number of Jersey growers attendee, heard some in- teresting reports from speakers, enjoyed a fine cold lunch, and had the opportunity to inspect this big new cannery which is now being- put in shape for operation. Marcus L. Urann was the chief speaker, and he touched upon many matters in a long, informal talk, at one point offering encourage- ment to the New Jersey growers, whose production in the past few years has been declining. He pointed out that tides ebbed and flowed, and it may be that Jersey production decline had reached its low mark and would now start to rise. There were reasons to be- lieve this, he said. f Certain it is, he declared, that Cranberry Canners has faith in the future of New Jersey, and the purchase of this big plant, and ex- penditures which are being made there, are positive evidences of this faith. "Cranberry Canners wants to help New Jersey," he said, "and Cranberry Canners is ready to help New Jersey growers in every way. We are whole- heartedly behind you." He reiterated his statement made at the Massachusetts meet- ing on June 29th, that Cranberry Canners in 1943 was beginning a campaign for $15.00 a barrel net to members. He pointed out again that when the $10.00 campaign was launched in 1934 that goal seemed impossible, but it was achieved. He admitted he natur- ally could not promise $15.00 a barrel net, but the $10.00 price had been achieved, last year's net being $10.50, and the $15.00 price was a mark to shoot at with con- fidence. The newly-acquired property at Bordentown proved to be a truly imposing addition to the real es- tate properties of Cranberry Can- ners. The plant has 135,000 feet of floor space compared with only 15,000 which had been available at the plant at New Egypt, from which place the transfer is being made. The new plant is situated just off the main highway from Borden- town to Trenton, a location which is considered very valuable because of its advertising possibilities. An attractive sign advertising Bog Sweets and Ocean Spray Cran- berry Sauce will be erected at the plant immediately and it will be clearly visible to the thousands of people who use the Trenton high- way each month. In a wooded section, shade trees make the approaches to this plant pleasing, and the building looms up big and impressive, with a high steel water tower and lofty chim- ney. In front is a landscaped pool of water. Adding to the interest of the locality is the fact that across the road is the famed prop- erty at one time occupied by Jos- eph, elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, ex-king of Naples and Spain. Joseph sailed for Amei'ica in 1816 and selected Bordentown as the location on which to build his American "castle." He lived there for many years. His neph- ew. Prince Murat, also spent more than 20 years in Bordentown, and his home still stands. Incidentally, historically the new home town of Jersey Cranberry Canners is one of the most interesting in the country. Located at the cross- loads between New York and Phi'adelphia, this New Jersey town played an important part in the development of the nation. First settled in 1682, many very old and interesting houses still remain. Bordentown had many other not- ables among its residents, includ- ing Thomas Paine, the Revolution- ary patriot. Patience Lovell "Wright, called America's first sculptor, Clara Barton, founder of Public School system in New Jer- sey and more famed as the found- er of the Red Cross. The complete list reads like a "Who Is Who" of the famous. Admiral Charles Stewart, "Old Ironsides," whose ex- ploits won for himself and his ship, the "Constitution," the nick- name of "Old Ironsides," was among these. Bordentown had a railroad making its first trip as early as 1831, and at the same time this railroad to connect Cam- den and Perth Amboy across the state was given its charter the Delaware and Raritan Canal was granted and Bordentown had this connection also with the outside world. The new home of Jersey canners tocay, as well as this main high- way connection has ready railroad accessibility, as there is a spur track connection. The dii-ectors, in deciding on the Bordentown lo- cation, found a number of advan- tages to Jersey growers. These included ample water supply. Cranberry shipments from New Jersey had been made by truck, which limited deliveries principally to New York and Philadelphia. But the rail facilities will make it possible to ship to many markets now serviced from Massachusetts, cutting freight costs. No cran- berries are grown at Bordentown, as it is a little north of the cran- berry district, but while it is far- ther from growers in the vicinity of New Egypt and to the eastward it is nearer other bogs. The loca- tion is also nearer labor sources. At the meeting Mr. Urann ex- plained that greater boiler capac- ity was needed than was available at New Egypt because of plans to dehydrate a part of the Jersey Eleven crop there this year. The new fac- tory has three boilers in excellent condition which it would be impos- sible to obtain tocay. He said that the Bordentown plant could not be replaced at several times its cost, it meets all requirements of the moment. If it is deemed best to build in some new location in the future the property can be dis- posed of without loss, it is be- lieved. Now in construction is a big freezing plant in one of the two wings of the builc.ing. The de- hydrating equipment will be set up and the can and glass lines trans- ferred from New Egypt. In stressing the part New Jer- sey is hoped to fill in the cranbei-ry industry, Mr. Urann said that Cranberry Canners needs in New Jersey for this year were 100,000 barrels. He said that a need of the cranberry industry was to stabil- ize its business and that the bogs should be improved so that produc- tion could be stabilized. He said that bogs should be kept up so that bogs and the cranberry busi- ness will be as good ten years from now as the business is today. He urged growers who had not yet joined the Cranberry Army Pool to get in immediately. He called this very important, as the cranberry industry must make a good showing in voluntarily giving Cape Growers' Association Meeting Tuesday, Aug, 24 The date for the annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association has been set for Tuesday, August 24th. As usual, the meeting will be at the Massa- chusetts Experiment Station at East Wareham. No program has yet been ar- ranged, but it will follow the us- ual lines, with reports by officers and committees, addresses on vari- ous subjects and discussion of problems. The crop forecast will be given as usual. With the unusual conditions prevailing this year, attendance should be heavy. Twelve the government the berries it has requested. A list of all growers who have signed up has been pre- pared, and a scroll containing these names will be presented to Government officials in Washing- ton. This is being done at the re- quest of the Government, he said. A letter from John C. Make- peace of Wareham to the Jersey growers was read in which Mr. Makepeace pointed out the neces- sity of giving the requested cran- berries to the Government on a voluntary basis. Under this vol- untary basis the growers are con- ducting their own business and they must keep this control of the cranberry business, the letter said. Harold W. Ellis of Plymouth, Mass., who audits Cranberry Can- ners' books, read a report of the company's financial position (the report read at the Massachusetts meeting), and aluthough an inde- pendent auditor Mr. Ellis paid high tribute to the financial prog- ress of Cranberry Canners. H. Gordon Mann, head of the sales department and a vice presi- dent, was at the meeting long enough to give a brief talk in which he humorously told of his experiences in doing business with the multitude of Government offi- cials at Washington. He said he now found it necessary to divide his time about half and half be- tween headquarters of Cranberry Canners in Massachusetts and the Capitol. Early in the afternoon he had to leave to catch a train for Washingtpn. After Mr. Urann's talk there was a question and answer period in which he was called upon to make clear a number of points. The meeting was opened by Enoch F. Bills, manager of the Jer- sey Cranberry Canners plant, and he gave a description of the new quarters. He told the Jersey growers they could be proud to be a part of Cranberry Canners, which now operates from the East coast to the West coast. The meeting was held all in one session, and after the question period the lunch was sei'ved, and most of the growers looked over the new factory and grounds or discussed cranberry matters indi- vidually for some time. The meeting ended early in the afternoon, as Mr. Urann and mem- bers of his party were to leave for Wisconsin and the West coast later in the afternoon. To inake his connections for the business to be conducted in Wisconsin and the West, Mr. Urann had the courtesy extended to him of hav- ing the Broadway Limited make a special stop at Trenton to pick up his group. Annual Report of Dr. H. J. Franklin (Continued from last month) BLUEBERRIES H. J. FRANKLIN Only 163 quarts of berries were gathered from the station's culti- vated patch in 1942. This small crop is explained by the severe freeze that occurred the night of January 10-11 when the temper- ature at East Wareham fell to 24° F. below zero, probably the lowest at this place in the last 55 years. The interior of all the fruit buds in the blueberry patch became more or less blackened within a cay or two. The subse- quent fruiting of the different va- rieties showed that they varied greatly in their tolerance of the cold: 1. Adams, Cabot, June, Jersey, and Stanley bore no berries. 2. Patherine, Pioneer, Rubel, and Wareham produced less than half a crop. 3. Concord bore half to two- thirds of a crop. 4. Harding and No. 73 (1) were reduced only moderately from a full crop. This shows clearly the hardiness of the Hard- ing variety and adds to other great values of No. 73 (a Harding-Rubel cross). 5. Twenty of 26 seedlings of a Harding-Rubel cross developed most of their crop, while 44 of the 59 full-grown miscellaneous plants failed to yield any fruit. (1) — Station culture number. It was finally estimated that the crop of the station patch as a whole was reduced 80 per cent by the freeze. A commercial patch two-thirds of a mile from the sta- tion lost 95 per cent of its crop, all the fruit buds not covered by a shallow snow being killed en- tirely. The crop on two commer- cial patches a mile or more from the station was cut 75 to 80 per cent. It was reduced a quarter to a third on commercial areas in Marion and West Wareham and nearly 50 per cent on such areas in Middleboro and Hanover. The minimum temperature reached at the Middleboro pumping station was -28 °F., the lowest ever ob- served officially there. The crop on the wild blueberry bushes around East Wareham was re- duced nearly 80 per cent. There was no loss on a very successful commercial patch at East Sand- wich, where the temperature fell to only around zero. The blue- berry bushes were injured hardly anywhere by this cold, only the fruit buds and tender twigs being ' hurt. Crop loss from this freeze in cultivated blueberry fields in New Jersey ranged from little or none at Whitesbog, New Lisbon, and Pemberton to over 90 per cent around and south of Toms River. The estimate of loss at Chatsworth was about 50 per cent. The Jer- sey variety was hurt most general- ly and severely of all. The follow- ing minimum temperatures the morning" of the freeze were re- ported officially: Chatsworth — 20 °F. Pemberton — 9 ° . Pleasantville 23°. I Such widespread and severe loss of cultivated blueberries from low winter temperatures has never been observed before, though blue- berry wood was very seriously damaged in New Jersey in the winter of 1933-34, many stems be- ing killed, and full recovery taking two years. Wisconsin to Hold Cain In Production (Continued from last month) By CLARENCE J. HALL Even conceding Wisconsin per- manent second place in production would be a delicate matter, for New Jersey has always, of course, been the second largest cranberry state. In 1932 New Jersey and Wisconsin were even in production and then New Jersey remained ahead until 1939, but in the crops of these last five years Wisconsin has exceeded New Jersey, although last year's production of the two states was probably a difference of only a few thousand bari'els. One of the biggest reasonss in New Jersey's loss in production, while Wisconsin was steadily gaining, *was the severe affliction of that state by False Blossom. However, for some years now some of the larger Jersey producers have fought the disease successfully and are engaging in successful renovation progi-ams, which should up Jersey production. Little realized, outside of Wis- consin, is the very desirable fact every, or practically every grower is now on a firm financial basis. In years past many have had hard struggles. But today, as a whole, the growers are well established. They can now go ahead with con- fidence and put in refinements and improvements which will add to production. Wisconsin cranberry production from about 1929 when 42,000 bar- rels were produced to the 107,000 this last fall is an almost unbroken graph of increase. With a crop selling for about a million and a half dollars, the Wisconsin cran- berry industry has become one of the entire state's greatest "little industries" and the second great- est at present in the cranberry world. One of the major factors to in- crease in production is the big Cranmoor cranberry ditch, a self- made stream of irrigating and frost and winter protecting water which flows through the flat Cran- moor marshes. This improvement, built in 1934, conceived through the progressiveness of the grow- ers, has in ten years proved its value many times. Designed pri- marily for winter protection, it has proven of inestimable value in drought. There is a pump at the Wiscon- sin river a short distance north of the Consolidated Water Power ana Paper company dam, with a ca- pacity of about 50,000 gallons a minute through four and a half miles of main supply ditch and provides water to about 15 takers. The irrigation ditches branching out from it, after serving the marshes, empty either into the Yellow River or Hemlock creek. The plan of the "cranberry f'itch" was conceived by William F. Hhiel, chief engineer of the Consolidated. Mr. Thiel laid his p^an before Bernard C. Brazeau, of the Central Cranberry company with its big holdings at Cranmoor. Mr. Brazeau enlisted support, and water riehts were obtained from George W. Mead, president of the Consolidated, and from the Ne- koosa-Edwards Paper Company, and the project w-as nut through. Mr. Thiel is himself a cranberry grower, but his property is not in the district served by the ditch but at Biron, where he gets his water supply from the Biron ini'l dam. It is estimated that this ditch has ensured production of the dis- trict by 15 or 20 per cent. Possibly the best summary at present is that for a decade Wis- consin has made great gains, that nearly 800 new acres are coming into new maturity, and that new planting is still going on or planned for. This increase may be checked for the moment by lack of labor and war costs. Wiscon- sin production for the next few years, if considered under normal conditions, may be expected to be about 125,000 to 150,000 barrels a year or more. As for still fur- thei- increase in future years, Wis- consin has the almost unlimited marsh land, and water facilities can be made available, and enough suitable sand can be found. Wis- consin has men of ability, pro- gressiveness and vision, and there is sufficient capital in the back- ground. Wisconsin's growth should be limited almost entirely by the growth of the cranberry industry. Advertising of Eatmor Reduced But Not Stopped The advertising committee of the American Cranberry Exchange met in New York on July 13th, and in view of marketing condi- tions prevailing this year it was decided that "while expenditures for consumer advertising of EAT- MOR can with safety be materially reduced, it is important and desir- able to protect our EATMOR trademark by keeping it before the public even in a year like this, when the supply of fresh cran- berries may be less than consumer demand." The committee and the manage- ment of the Exchange felt that the name EATMOR is synonymous with quality pack fresh cranber- ries, and its standing with the trade and consumers is of real value, and it was important this value be maintained. The com- mittee held it was important that newspapers and magazines con- tinue to feature cranberries in their news columns during the nor- mal cranberry season. It was al- so felt desirable and important that the use of display material such as EATMOR scoops and ban- ners be continued In a letter sent out to members, Mr. Chaney was able to make the statement: "This is a year when we are not worrying about two big a crop," and he hoped there might be one of the biggest and best quality crops of all time. Members were urged to spare no effort and expense toward getting their berries harvested, and told that good quality was needed for the fresh fruit and processing. Thirteen 500 Bahaman Workers May Be Available for Mass. Harvest The alleviation of the Massa- chusetts labor problem, through the importation of Bahaman labor, had not been definitely settled as this issue goes to press, but there were high hopes such a program can be brought about. The Cran- berry Labor Committee, led by Plymouth County Agent J. T. Brown, primarily, and Bertram Tomlinson of Barnstable, has put in some mighty hard work in the past few weeks on a proposition to obtain 500 of these imported laborers, and hopes no more diffi- culties will arise to prevent the plan from being put into effect. This committee, as reported last month, aside from the county ag- ents, consists of Arthur D. Ben- son, New England Cranberry Sales Company, Orrin G. Colley, Cran- berry Canners, Inc., I. Grafton Howes, president Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers Association, and Melville C. Beaton of the J. J. Beaton Company. Such a broad committee covers the Massachu- setts industry with adequacy. This committee was formed some weeks ago, the first meeting being at the offices of the Sales Company at Middleboro. Assisting Mr. Brown in Ply- mouth have been assistant County Agent J. Richard Beattie and Frank T. White of Brockton, who was appointed special Emergency Farm Assistant. In this agricultural labor pro- gram all over the country county agents, through the Extension Services were charged by Federal enactment with special Congres- sional appropriation with the re- cruitment and placement of agri- cultural workers of all types, with whatever assistance the United States Employment Service can give. With this authorization Mr. Brown and Mr. Tomlinson got to work, and to provide for the cran- berry labor problem the special Cranberry Labor Committee was organized. A survey card was sent out in each county in which the grower Fourteen was asked to list his needs, his ability to house and care for work- ers, and a good deal of other nec- essary information. From these returns in Plymouth County it was found that the growers needed a total of 1500 workers, 1200 men and 300 women being listed as needed. The response in Barnsta- ble County was much lighter, and in both counties many growers did not list themselves as being inter- ested. However, as plans pro- gressed more growers are now wanting to get in under the pro- gram if it is possible to put it through. The first proposition considered was the obtaining of prisoners of war. Some growers favored this very cecidedly, especially if Ital- ians could be obtained, while oth- ers did not want prisoners, other difficulties developed, and this idea was shelved in favor of the Ba- hamans. It was learned there were 500 of these men in a camp near Philadelphia and they might be available for cranberry work. With this definite possibility Mr. Brown ca'led a meeting of grow- ers at Carver Town hall July 20th. About 65 growers met. It was explained that as these workers are obtained through con- tracts between the British and American governments and the farmer who obtains them, very definite requirements in regaixl to housing and the providing of food had to be met. Their quarters would have to meet Government standards and be inspected and approved by a I'epresentative of the FDA, ac- companied by Mr. Brown, Beattie or Mr. White. Only a few of the larger growers did have, or could provide such quarters, and there was a hustling campaign to find suitable quarters for camps such as former CCC camps. A second meeting was held July 28th at the screenhouse of Ellis D. Atwood, attended by the full com- mittee and about 15 growers. Here it was found out how many grow- ers could provide quarters and plans were made to obtain camps from which smaller growers could, get such quotas of this labor as they would contract for. Ply- mouth County, it was estimated, could probably use about all of the 500 workers, if it developed that the Cape growers, whose bogs are mostly smaller, did not want any. The New England Cranberry Sales Company hopes to be able to provide for its smaller mem- bers through the establishment of* camps, or other arrangements with larger member operators. Big growers like Mr. Atwood, L. B. R. Barker and others have quar- ters meeting requirements. Mr. Atwood, for instance, has contract- ed for 30 and can house them in the basement of his screenhouse, which has hot and cold showers. George A. Cowen of Rochester and Mr. Turner of the Betty's Neck Company are to pool their housing problem by taking over the King Phillip Inn at Lakeville, which will ' provide for about 50. Ruel Gibbs has some suitable camps, and George E. Short, Island Creek, Kenneth Garsides of Duxbury, Harrison Goddard of Plymouth, and others can make provisions. Melville Beaton is interested in ob- taining a quota. Cranberry Canners is making provisions to provide for needs of members, and the United Cape Cod Cranberry Company will want workers and will take about 100 in all. The Barnstable County meeting at the Dennis Grange hall was July 29, but only about 15 grow- ers were represented, and no defi- nite commitments were made by any. From two questionnaires sent out, Mr. Tomlinson received only about ten responses. It ap- peared to be the concensus of this meeting that Cape growers were willing to trust to their own re- sources in getting their crop in, as they always have. Mr. Howes was at this meeting, and Mr. Col-* ley, and through him Cranberry Canners was ready to arrange for Cape members being taken care of, if desired. Rate of pay must be the "pre- vailing" one, and growers may de- duct not more than |1.40 per day for living costs. *Expecf Better Box Situation In Massachusetts This Year N. E. Sales Co. Began Pre- paration Last Winter — Company Crew Served Growers In Insect Pro- gram. As the picking season looms up nearer on the horizon the Massa- chusetts box situation appears relatively favorable. A meeting of the box committee of the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany v^fith box manufacturers was held on July 15th and from reports and discussion then the prospects were that the box situation would be better in hand than it was last year. The Sales Company began plan- ning for the 1943 crop last winter * and when manufacturers had more time available. Shooks were made up in considerable quantities and now the boxes are being nailed up. It is expected the demand can be met as it arises and that some growers can be supplied with box- es owned by the company, if nec- essary. Also alleviating the situation, it is expected it will be possible to pack a considerable quantity in cellophant. This would be done by the Sales company through t he > newly-equipped Makepeace plant at Wareham. What quantity it will be possible to pack is not yet determinable. But any quantity packed would help relieve box scarcity to the extent of the pack. The manufacturers present were Acushnet Saw Mill Company, Jesse Holmes & San, and F. H. Cole. The spraying and dusting ser- vice provided by the Sales Com- pany from its Tremont packing house has done some good work for the Massachusetts growers *this year. Many members have been serviced this season and it has also been possible to do some work for a few non-members. This crew, under the outside sup- erintendent, Raymond Morse, has been helped this year by addition- al equipment, although spraying material and gasoline were at a minimum iuid had to be used with discretion. The crew has been dusting with Stimtox, Pyrocioe and Active. Philip O. Gebhardt (Continued from Paffe 7) Philip Gebharcit had been failing in health for the past three or four months, and passed away at the Krohn clinic, where he had been for the past month. Before this illness he had never been ill in his life. To see him stricken so sud- denly was tragic to his family and many friends. He was born at Black River Falls, July 31, 1904, He grad- uated from the Black River Falls high school in 1922 and attended the University of Wisconsin for two years. He returned from col- lege to help his father in the cran- berry business, in which the latter had been engaged for about half a century. His father passed away in 1932 and since that time Philip had operated the marsh, continuing to improve this fine property. He was a member of the Ma- sonic Order and of Eastern Star. He served on the county boai-d of supervisors. He was president of the Black River Falls High School Alumni Association, and in 1939 was instrumental in the issuance of a valuable school directory. He was appointed chairman of the Red Cross Drive for funds in his district eai'ly this year. He at- tended many of the cranberry meetings in Wisconsin and in oth- er states, and had travelled ex- tensively on several trips. He is survived by his mother and one sister, Alice. The cran- berry industry was represented at the Masonic funeral service at Black River Falls by a number of his fellow growers, including Ver- non Goldsworthy, Roy Potter, Gerry Getzin, Ermon Bennett, Os- car and Ben Potter, and Mr. and Mrs. Clark Treat. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 3) Conijjany, with one or two excep- tions showed that at least an aver- age crop was expected. Dr. Franklin says the prospects are for a "good" average, but not an exceptionally heavy crop, and the berries will probably not be large in size. For some of the larger the crop "looks all right and the price looks all right," and for the Beaton bogs "Mel" Beaton esti- mates a slight falling off from the average, which is about 30,000 barrels; Ellis D. Atwood hopes to harvest his acreage of about 10,000 barrels, as against about 8,700 last year; Decas Brothers of Wareham, who last year picked about 5,000, expects to exceed that figure; the Federal Cranberry Company which last year had 9,400 barrels does not hope for as many as last year. Water was held late at the Federal, until about June 1st; comment for the Makepeace bogs was only that they had a fair bloom;- M. L. Urann felt that the dry weather and heat would have cut down the crop more than was expected. All in all, as usual at this stage of the season, thought is decidedly mixed, but at present date the opinion in general is still for a "good" aver- age production, certainly not a small ci'op. WISCONSIN II Prospect Cut 20 Per Cent. Up until nearly the last week in July Vernon Goldsworthy was holding out for an estimate of from 110,000 to 125,000 barrels, but then was obliged to revise this opinion with a cut in prospects of about twenty per cent. The cause was chiefly blight. Goldsworthy, whose bat- ting' average in Wisconsin estimat- ing is high, now looks for a crop smaller than last year's 107,000 barrels. TI The vines were finished blooming by July 20th and conditions were favorable for a good set. The middle of July was on the dry side, following a lot of rains and floods. The result was that there was more vine growth, and vines have commenced to bud up Fifteen for next year. Along with the vine growth there is an increase in weeds and grass. Because of labor shortage the growers have not clipped as often as usual and the marshes do not look as clean as ordinary. 11 Fireworm and Fruitworm Pre- valent. Fireworm has been worse alent. Fireworm has been worse than usual and has kept the grow- ers very busy. There was not a great deal of damage, however, but it caused the growers a good deal of trouble and expense from spraying and dusting. Fruitworm is expected to be worse than nor- mal because of the heavy snows of last winter which allowed the moths to over-winter well. Grow- ers in general are well equipped for them and have plenty of dust. H Annual Meetings. The annual summer meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company will be held in the morning of August 11th and the summer meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' as- sociation in the afternoon. The meetings will be at Realty Hall, Wisconsin Rapids. C. M. Chaney and Clyde McGrew will be speak- ers as usual, and M. L. Urann, probably accompanied by Orrin Colley and Gordon Mann, plans to be there. NEW JERSEY H Outlook Pretty Good. Growers in general are hopeful there will be a good crop this season, and in most instances the outlook at the end of July is good. There are few who will make a real estimate, but in general the figure is set at 100,000 barrels or maybe a little better, and one estimate given is 110,000, which may be a little high. 11 Flood July 7th. There was a veritable cloudburst on July 7th over the more northern bogs, which completely flooded some at the height of blossoming and setting. It was first feared that consider- able damage may have resulted, but now it seems the loss was not severe. Only the more northern bogs were hit by this rain, such as Whitesbog, the bogs of James D. Sixteen Holman, and the Budd bogs at Pembei-ton. There was no rain in Ocean County or the southern dis- trict. Rainfall of 4,90 inches was recorded in a few hours at the cranberry station at Pemberton and at Whitesbog six inches fell in six hours. planted to previous season's seed- lings and it is expected to have a few of the plants fruiting in 1944. H Insects Not Bad. Insect injury has not been bad. In short, at this stage of the game the growers are very hopeful of a satisfactory production in general, but are keeping their fingers crossed. WASHINGTON H Prospects Up Somewhat. Crop prospects toward the end of July, according to D. J. Crowley, State cranberry specialist, were some- what better than last season, when Washington had a large crop, about 40,000 barrels. There is serious question, however, it is felt, whether or not it will be pos- sible to pick the crop. Labor is exceedingly scarce and high. Strawberry, raspberry and logan- berry growers have just about tripled their per pound price in order to pay the harvesting costs, but that is out of the question with cranberries. The local price for strawberries was six dollars per crate, and loganberries 15 cents a pound and up; cherries are gener- ally around 20 to 25 cents per pound. Yet most of these berries came in about the five cents per pound classification before the war. U Planting Seedlings. The work at the ci'anberry station at Long Beach is greatly handicapped by lack of help. State labor appro- priations are generally small and the station is at a disadvantage in such a competitive labor market as exists today. The work of planting seedlings from last year's crosses has been going on, much later in the season than would be desired. The seedlings have stood the transplanting from the green- houses very well. Judging by the set of the fruit there should be sufficient cranberry seedlings from the crosses to complete the cran- berry breeding project this season. About one third of an acre is now TT Meyers Bog Progressing. Work on the big Meyers bog project is now coming along nicely and sand is being put on to prevent drying out. No planting will be done un- til next spring. This work is be- ing done by Joseph Alexson of Grayland, a grower of many years' experience, whose name was un- fortunately printed last month as "Alexander" instead of Alexson. OREGON U Harvesting to be Headache. This year the harvest problem is to be a mighty tough one for the grow- ers, and several are preparing to water rake because of the impos- sibility of getting help. A few did so last season. If there is high humidity to contend with m picking season the fruit will not' dry as it coes in Wisconsin, and growers may find the cannery at Coquille the only choice in dispos- al of their berries, as was the ex- perience last year. Labor is scarce and the growers have to depend a good deal upon their own efforts on the bogs, pulling weeds and do- ing other work themselves. H April Frost Did Damage. The frost in late April is now found to have damaged a number of the bogs, some having been pretty' hard hit. Some others escaped en- tirely and have fine crops. The crop last year was about 10,000 barrels. It now seems quite evi- dent this figure will no the equalled this fall. U General Summary. If the fore- going "estimates" by states should prove approximately accurate, the crop will be average or a little better. The American Cranberry Exchange, in a letter to members, date of July 24th, says: "Crop* Prospects. Too early to really risk a guess; however, present in- dications are for slightly above an average crop, but not as large as last year. Weather conditions from here on will tell the final story as to production, and it is our hope it will be a good one." Dr. Chester Cross Leaves State Bog For Army Dr. Chester E. Cross, who was appointed to the assistant profes- sorship at the Massachusetts State Bog a year ago last winter, has been inducted into service and leaves for duty August 6th. Con- sequently Dr. Cross has been granted a leave of absence by the Massachusetts State College while in the army service. Dr. Cross, who lives at East Sandwich on the Cape, since his appointment has been assisting Dr. Franklin in many projects, with particular em- phasis on chemical weed control. No substitute has been appoint- ed so far and it has not been de- cided whether to fill the vacancy during the absence of Dr. Cross or not. CORRECTION Our red-faced apology is extend- ed to Albert Hedler of Wisconsin, as in our last issue we reported that "Adolph" Hedler spoke at the Massachusetts Cranberry Canners' meeting on June 29th. Something must have gone wrong between our mind and our typewriter, as we knew Mr. Hedler's first name is Albert, not Adolph. BOQUET An editor's life is not all grief and regret, however, as in the same mail which called our at- tention to the foregoing error came the following unsolicited note: "I find your magazine to be of continuing interest month after month, and I like the many fine scenes from Cranberry Land which decorate your red cover. I congratulate you on inspiring and publicizing one of America's most traditional and honest in- dustries." TO ADVERTISE TO THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY THIS MAGAZINE IS THE ONLY MEDIUM CAREFUL CONSERVATION of what we have will pull us through until victory. CONSERVE YOUR ELECTRICAL equipment, as you conserve invaluable water supplies. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Best for the Purpose CRANBERRY BOXES MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE Grown and Manufactured Here F. H. COLE Established 1707 MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS NORTH CARVER. MASS. Tel. 46 5 We Have Listing* of Cranberry Bo^s, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WII.DA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Maasachusetta ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Fxtensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhousea, Boga and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. T«l. 626 ARIEMS7>7/er G WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BRILLION. WIS "The Government is trying to preserve and extend Democracy. That's what the present shooting" is all about. Well, cooperatives are Democracy. Every one of them is a miniature United States of America, self-made, self- reliant, self-governing. Only they're not United States; they're united peo- ple. If they can't preserve and extend Democracy, nobody can!" NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS EPRESENTINC AN $ 3,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY APE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON RICHARD REZIN, of Wisconsin eptember, 1943 20 cents BACK THE ATTACK WITH WAR BONDS 5f'WAR LOAN 15 BILLION DOLLARS (NON-BANKING QUOTA) * * * Everywhere our armed forces are smashing at the enemy. Our part right now is an extra bond to buy in the $15,000,000,000 Bond Drive. In buying we are not giving anything. We are investing in VIC- TORY and the future. BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Largest Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Wareham, Mass. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN ... led a victorious army during the crucial point in our his- tory. The Union he fought to preserve is once more at war . . . this time w^ith external forces. All busi- ness and industry is in this war behind the men of our armed forces. We must not slacken now in our united fight to insure the continuance of the American Way of Life. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Col. Logan of Quartermaster Corps Accepts Cranberry Army Pool Pledges On July 21, Colonel Paul P. Logan, Assistant Chief of Subsistence at Washington, D. C, accepted from H. Gordon Mann of Cranberry Canners, Inc., the membership list of the CAP which included the names of more than 700 cranberry growers. In accepting the pledges. Colonel Logan said, "I want to congratulate the cran- berry growers for voluntarily subscribing 50 y^ of their crops to war needs. This splendid cooperation on their part is indeed highly appreciated by the Armed Forces. "Every pound of dehydrated cranberries will be shipped abroad, and these growers should feel a tremendous sense of satisfaction for the part they are playing to further the war efforts." CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. New Egypt, N. .1. North Chicago. Illinois Coquille, Oregon Markham, Washington SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Warehani 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Attention Mass. Cranberry Growers At Our NEW Modern Garage GMC Truck Sales and Complete Truck Service. Hercules-Campbell Truck Bodies, Hydraulic Dump, Hoist, Stake and Delivery Station Wagons. United States Tires and Tubes for trucks and passenger cars. (To certificate holders.) Cordes Motor Sales Co. WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 75-R Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts CRANBERRY SHOOKS and BOXES Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin Boxes, Box Shooks, Crating Wirebound Boxes and Crates M & M's 64th Year Tel. Carver 10-3 SERVING THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car , Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES, Prop.) Wareham, Mass. SEPARATORS Screening Equipment New and Serviced Make Your Plans Now for Cranberry Bog Pumps New and Replacements Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO PLYMOUTH, MASS, DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS-US BRAND Issue of September, 1943 — Vol. 8, No. 5 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS ^Picking Eearly. — With the feel- ing of "coming in on a wing and a prayer," growers began assem- bling what picking crews they could and started picking at the earliest possible moment. Where- as many years the harvest in gen- eral is not begun until after Labor Day, this year saw a general start on hand picking and preliminary scooping the week beginning Aug- ust 30. In fact, there had been considerable picking on a small scale the week before. Decas Bros, had begun with hand picking of new vines August 23, and Emil St. Jacques finished hand picking his entire small crop on Sunday, August 29, possibly the first Mas- sachusetts grower to have his ber- ries under cover and picking over before September. These were Early Blacks on thin vines on a new bog. TlCrop May Be Early — Opinions varied as to whether the crop was ripening a little earlier than usual or not. All growers hoped so, and many considered the crop as a whole more advanced than is of- ten true. The weather continued dry, although there was one good rain which helped out, and there were one or two slightly coolish nights the last week in August, whereas last year, it may be re- membered, there were frosts on the mornings of August 25, 2fi and 27. TISunshine Factor High — Sunshine continued good all through August and in fact the amount of sunshine has been very high all season. During July and August the hours have been totaling up a very high "foundation" of sunshine. Although on relatively new ground. Dr. Franklin is applying a theory that one of the main factors for a crop is the amount of sunshine the preceding year from April to Sep- tember inclusive, and on this basis, the amount of sunshine, as well as providing good growing weather this summer has "built up" a good sunshine base for next year. This factor would be offset by others, such as rainfall deficiency, but is of great importance. Dr. Franklin has found. Berries Good Sized — At the same time it appeared berries would be of good size and they were growing well. There was little indication, however, that picking could be gotten underway any earlier than usual, as far as ripening went. If berries had ripened unusually early this year it would have been greatly appre- ciated by the growers in view of the labor shortage. Last season heavy picking started a full week early. ^100,000 Bbls. on Cape— Tentative estimates for about 100,000 bar- rels in Barnstable County were being made by the middle of the month. Some growers reported particularly good crops and on dry bogs the outlook was good. There were no spring frosts to cut down. The Cape last year, it is remem- bered, had poor production com- pared to Plymouth County. UMid- August. Rainfall — Several rains, two particularly heavy and soaking, helped the moisture sit- uation materially between August 12 and 18. During a week's peri- od 2.30 inches fell, which was con- sidered all that was desired for cranberries at the moment, if not a little more. Growers were com- menting a little on the scarcity of water supplies for frost flowage, although there was no real worry. Duing the first weeks of August those growers who did not have a large pond to draw from or who were on a river did not have any surplus water to depend upon. TIFirst Half August Dry — August came in continuing the dry spell which had extended all through July, when there was a total of 3.55 inches recorded at the State bog, which although not a real drought, was on the scanty side. llPIenty of Fruitworm — Fruitworm infestations were at least as se- v^ere and as numerous as "nor- mal," probably a little more so, especially on the Cape. Some growers had some very serious in- festations, and found the pest where they had not expected it. However, growers, in the opinion of Dr. Franklin, were very alert to its appearance and very prompt in getting after it, so that by mid- month its damage had not been extremely heavy. NEW JERSEY !IApprehension Over Labor — At the mid-August meeting of the Ocean County Cranberry Club there was much anxiety expressed over the labor prospects, and it appeared that about the only help the Extension Service would be able to offer was the possibility of using high school boys and girls. (Continued on Page 13) Three 56th Annual Meeting of Cape Growers Association Have Interesting Program of Speakers — Consider Har- vest Labor — Enjoy Clam- bake. Perfect weather, which was or- dered and delivered as usual by the weather man, brought out a good attendance at the 56th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association at the Massachusetts State Experiment Station, East Wareham, August 24th, and the session was high- lighted by a rather longer than usual number of interesting speeches and climaxed by the an- nual official cranberry crop esti- mate by Dr. C. D. Stevens, of the Crop Reporting Service. At noon a good Cape clambake was served to 213 beneath a tent by Holmes & Shurtleff of Carver. As usual the annual get-together of the growers of Massachusetts in this general meeting was en- joyed as much for its opportunities to meet fellow growers from all over the cranberry area and to "talk cranberries" and other things. As usual there was difficulty in getting the growers to come in- side and then to remain inside, even though to facilitate this the president, I. Grafton Howes of Dennis had purposely not provided a loud speaker as usual to carry the meeting to those outside. However, it was a very interesting program which Mr. Howes had ar- ranged, a meeting with consider- able accent upon political and pub- lic interest topics in keeping with the times. Mr. Howes, who last year was elected to the Massachusetts legis- lature, was succeeded as president by Homer L. Gibbs of Carver, who had been first vice president. George E. Short of Island Creek became first vice president, and El- nathan E. Eldredge of South Or- leans second vice president. Lem- uel C. Hall of Wareham was re- elected secretary, and to the re- gret of the association Arthur S. Curtis of Marstons Mills was forced to refuse re-election as (Continued on Page 11) Four GOVERNMENT ESTIMATE OF CROP IS 727,000 TOTAL, WITH MASSACHUSETTS FOR 495,000 There have been only three larger crops harvested, than the prospective 1943 total production as announced by C. D. Stevens, U. S. Senior Crop Statistician, at the annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, Aug. 24. These were: 1926, 761,600 barrels (the last big crop in New Jersey to date); 1937, 877,300, the all time record, and 1942, 813,200 as the revised figure was announced by Dr. Stevens at the meeting. This revision gave Massachusetts last year a total of 560,000 barrels, as compared to pi-evious figures of 525,000, New Jersey, 95,000, Wisconsin, 107,000, Washington 40,000 and Oregon 11,200. Dr. Stevens' estimate for this year gives New Jersey but 81,000, weather conditions being reported unfavorable to setting of the fruit and extremely hot dry weather prevailed since the setting. The crop there, he reported, has made good progress in sections where water was available for irrigation, but the ex- tremely high temperatures caused some sun-scald and the berries on many bogs are relatively small. In Wisconsin the estimate is for 100,000 barrels and the bloom was heavy but a poor set of fruit was reported, and recent dry conditions have limited water supplies and the berries are reported rather smaller than usual. In Oregon, where the estimate is for 9,600 barrels, late spring frosts and fireworms caused some dam- age. The Washington crop is estimated at an increase to 42,000. The total crop now indicated is only 11 percent below the near record crop of last year and is 19 percent above the ten-year average (1832-1941) of 609,500 barrels. Concei-ning Massachusetts Dr. Stevens reported that for the third successive year growers expect a relatively large crop. In only four years has production exceeded the current prospect — 1933, 506,000 barrels, 1937, 565,000 barrels, 1941, 500,000 and 1942, the revised 560,000. He said growers had reported a good bloom and a set of fruit well above average, but less than a year ago. Rainfall has been adequate and temperatures favorable to growth. The crop in Barnstable County, he said, is expected to be substan- tially larger than the crop harvested last season. In Plymouth County production will be only moderately less than the record of a year ago. Losses from fruit worm have been heavier than a year ago, and very substantially above average. Berries, he said, are expected to show good keeping quality this season. According to reports from growers the proportion of Early Blacks will be slightly above normal, or average, while Howes will show a corresponding decrease. Early Blacks are expected to account for about 57 percent of production compared with 54 per- cent a year ago; Howes are expected to be 37 percent of the total compared with 40 percent last season. This Government estimate, large as it is, in view of large crops of the past two years, particularly last year's second highest production ever, was agreed with by other sources. Mr. Chaney had estimated the same crop potential within a variation of 2,000 barrels and Dr. Franklin said he thought this estimate was sub- stantially correct at present. Dr. Franklin has for some weeks now been estimating the crop as probably "normal" for Massachu- setts and he considered the Government estimate as about normal, for this year. (Continued on inside back cover) Massachuseffs Expects 200-250 Kentucky Farmers Bahaman Labor Unavailable — Hardest Effort Not Too Resultful — Agent Brown and A. D. Benson Went To the South. After weeks of the hardest kind of effort by the broad "Cranberry Manpower Committee" (A. D. Ben- son, New England Cranberry Sales Co., Orrin G. Colley, Cranberry Canners, Inc., Melville C. Beaton, Beaton Distributing Agency, I. Grafton Howes, president Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, and County Agents J. T. Brown and Bertram Tomlinson), spear headed by Brown, as this goes to press it appears between 200 and 250 "imported" laborers will be made available for the Massachu- setts cranberry haz'vest. This help will be Eastern Kentucky farmers, obtained through the Government War Food Commission and the Federal and State Extension Ser- vice. This recruitment of labor was expected to arrive in the cranberry area, either at Middleboro or Ware- ham, on September 2d or 3rd by train from the south. The men will be directly assigned to Prof. Munson, head of Massachusetts Extension Service, who will then assign them to the charge of Mr. Brown, and they will then be dis- tributed to individual growers in Plymouth County. These men are farmers, who raise corn and tobacco chiefly, in a small way, and they are obtain- able because of a severe drought in their region. The Government allotment for the cranberry har- vest was for 580 workers, but it was not believed half of that num- ber could actually be recruited. The recruiting was done by Kentucky county agents of the Kentucky Ex- tension Service, with headquarters at the University of Kentucky and the assembly point was Paints- ville, Kentucky. The availability of these men was learned of by County Agent Brown, and he and Mr. Benson, who represented the rest of the cranberry committee, made a trip to Kentucky, arriving there Aug- ust 25th. There they found this labor was available on some num- bers and the men were experienced farm workers, suitable for cran- (Continued on Page 14) Budd in New Jersey Finds Jamaicans Good Jamaicans are working out very satisfactorily on the cranberry and blueberry property of Theodore H. Budd at Pemberton, New Jersey, Mr. Budd says in a letter in reply to a request for information con- cerning his experience. "I would not hesitate to recommend one of these camps (of workers) to any- one who is short of help and can provide a camp for them," he concludes. About June first, Mr. Budd writes, he made application to the Employment Office of the New Jersey Farm Bureau for a group of the Jamaicans to work on his cranberry bogs and blueberry fields. A few days later he was contacted by the Labor Camp at Burlington, New Jersey, and was informed that he had been allo- cated a group of twenty-one Ja- maicans, including cook and a leader or boss, and they arrived on the 15th. He writes: "We set up a camp for them, including beds, blankets, cooking facilities, etc. The cook does all their cooking and he is paid $25 a week. We deduct $1.00 per day per man for board, which includes all their food, ice, etc. This SI. 00 a day also covers the cost oof the cook, which they have to pay. In addition to this we are required to deduct SI. 00 per day per man f or evex'y day on which his earnings amount to 3.00 or more. "They are anxious to make long hours, often make 12 hours a cay, and we are required to pay them the prevailing wages of our community, which in oui' Brazeau Has 29 Jamaicans In Wisconsin Up to the end of August, there was only one group of Jamaicans in Wisconsin and these were em- ployed by Bernard C. Brazeau at the Central Cranberi-y Company at Cranmoor. They had then been employed there about five weeks, beginning with 24, two leaving and seven more coming. They will be kept for the harvest and for some of the fall work. They were found to be an able- bodied group, average age 30 or less, and with other labor very scarce they have done work which it would have been costly to have left undone. The climate was, of course, new to them, methods were new, and cranbei'ry problems and practices were new. They had not yet had any of the severe Wis- consin frost weather. There were advantages and dis- advantages, as was to be expected, and in any event Mr. Brazeau's experience has now become rather an academic one, as none of the help will be available for Massa- chusetts, this year at least. case was 45c. They were a lit- tle green at first and we had to weed out a few undesirables for replacement. We still have the camp and a good group of fellows, very religious, no row- dies, and apparently very happy. They are doing a good job and do anything we ask them to do. Many of them are looking for- ward to coming back to us next Spring. They of course will not be able to stay here during the winter months, as the cold wea- ther would be too severe for them. They picked blueberries part of the picking season and caught on very quickly. They have also worked on the bogs and we are going to use them for scooping cranberries." Five Wisconsin Growers' Association Has Largest Attendance Ever Labor Sisuation Chief Topic of Discussion — Will De- pend on Individual Re- cruiting and Extension Service — To Publish Re- ports. Largest attendance in the his- tory of the Wisconsin State Cran- berry Growers' Association held at Realty Hall, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, August 11, was pres- ent, and the meeting was chiefly concerned with manpower supply problems for the harvest season. The principal solution of Wiscon- sin's problem was hoped to be found through individual recruit- ment in coooperation with the state agricultural extension ser- vice. A very critical shortage has de- veloped in the Wisconsin Rapids area in Wood County, the heart of the industry, while in the north- ern areas it was believed the sit- uation could be met, and it was believed some help could be sent from northern areas to Wood County and adjacent territory. William F. Huffman, president, who is one of a committee which has been working on the manpower situation, assured the growers this manpower committee would coop- erate to the fullest with the ex- tension service. To aid the labor situation the association voted a special assess- ment of each member for an adver- tising fund to carry on a cam- paign by newspaper and radio to implement the recruiting. The association has been in contact with the OPA concerning a supply of rubber boots for harvesters, these being a necessity on the water-raked marshes, and it was reported that extra coupons could be provided for boots to individ- uals, a representative of the South Wood County board said. Rakers could get boots if their application was accompanied by a written statement from the growers that the boots were for use on cran- berry marshes, and were necessary. Six Inquiry by the association to OPA for extra gasoline for har- vest woi'kers brought indication that such extra coupons would be provided, this to be granted to workers as in the case of the boots, upon written statement of neces- sity by the growers. County Agents, representatives of State labor procurement agen- cies and of rationing boards were present. Major Gilbert E. Seaman, ad- ministrative officer, and Marvin A. Schaars, chief of the agricultural classification division of State Se- lective Service headquarters from Madison, were present, and Mr. Schaars gave an extended talk on the handling of classifications and occupational deferment in agricul- ture. He said it was the policy to encourage extra work by de- ferred men in farm occupations and that no loss of status would result if farmers temporarily en- gaged in harvesting a perishable crop, such as cranberries. Chairman Fred Wilkins, Ermon Bennett, Cranmoor cranbei'ry grow- er, and Colonel A. D. Hill of the South Wood County local draft board, and Guy N. Potter, cran- berry grower, of the Juneau coun- ty draft board were present and were extended thanks for their volunteer patriotic service to their government in serving on these boards. Short talks were made by Orrin Colley of Cranberry Canners, South Hanson, Mass., Dr. Neil E. Stevens, who is working this sum- mer in Wisconsin as cranberry specialist for the State agricul- tural department, C. M. Chaney, general manager American Cran- berry Exchange, and E. C. Mc- Grew, assistant general manager. Report of the extensive studies and plans worked out by the man- power committee was made by Bernard C. Brazeau, state chair- man, who is also vice president of the cranberry association. The association voted to have reports of scientific papers and other proceedings of the associa- tion published for the members. These reports are being compiled by Vernon Goldsworthy, secretary, and the work will date back about five years. Cranberry Sales Co. Also Meets Cooperative Assigns Ap- proximately Half Wiscon- sin Crop to Government Needs — Growers Told De- mand Can't Be Filled This Fall. That same morning the Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company, numbering all but a very few of the Wisconsin growers, met, and ear- marked one-half of the crop be- , longing to the members of Cran- berry Canners, Inc., for process- ing. This means that nearly one half of the Wisconsin crop will be processed, and at the same time C. M. Chaney, general manager of the American Cranberry Ex- change, declared the Army would purchase between sixty and sev- enty thousand barrels of fresh fruit for consumption by the troops, within the United States. "Never before has there been such a demand for fresh fruit as is manifested today," Mr. Chaney said, and in saying this he pointed out that all fresh fruits were con- siderably less than a year ago. At this time Mr. Chaney also made an estimate of the coming crop in which he gave Massachusetts 500,000 barrels, 105,000 barrels in Wisconsin, 90,000 for New Jersey and Long Island, and 37,000 bar- rels in Washington and Oregon, making a grand total of a little less than 730,000 barrels. M. C. Franklin of the J. 0. Franklin & Son brokerage firm of Milwaukee, which has handled the Wisconsin Sales Company crop for many years, told the growers of the difficulties in supplying fresh fruits to the Wisconsin trade. He said the situation is now based on an overwhelming demand and the question of the supply is the real question. Speaking for Cranberry Canners (Continued on Pa^e 16) M. L Urann Completes Circuit of Cranberry-Crowing States Cranberry Canners Repre- sentatives Have Visited All Areas and Report Unity of Industry, Uni- versal Need for More La- bor and Interest in Pick- ing Machines. The fact that impressed M. L. Urann, president of Ci'anberry Canners, Inc., most, in his recent three-weeks' swing across the country through all the cranberry areas, he says, is the unity among the growers, that and a common worry about harvest picking and the interest shown in developing a satisfactory picking machine which would help make such acute labor shortages impossible in the future. "The producers of no other agricultural crop are so separated by distance and yet so close to- gether in cooperation," he said. "The growers of the West are very much interested in the activities of the growers in the East. Many of their problems are the same. "Growers tvery where are asking the question, 'How will we get our cranberries picked?' They are all interested in what other grow- ers are doing to help solve this problem. Everywhere I went some- one was working on a picking ma- chine. There are at least a dozen models now being developed in the United States, and out of all these ideas there is bound to come at least one good picking machine which will save hundreds of man- hours." Also, Mr. Urann said he was deeply impressed with the whole- hearted support growers every- where are giving to the "Cran- berry Army Pool." "Everywhere", he said, "the attitude seems to be 'If the Government needs our cran- berries, here they are.' " Mr. Urann's trip started with the Jersey meeting of Cranberry Can- ners at the new Borcentown plant (as reported in the last issue), and from there his party went to Ban- don, Oregon, where the meeting was held at the Coquille factory. CANNERS ADS FOR CRANBERRY HARVEST HELP To help members obtain pick- ers, Cranberry Canners, Inc., an- nounces it will run a series of newspaper ads in cranberry areas, inviting workers to help harvest and process the 1943 crop. The appeal will be made especially to help those who are members of the Cranberry Army Pool, and those whose berries will go to the Armed Forces. Applicants will be asked to ap- ply to Cranberry Canners' of- fices and will be directed to the bogs of those members who urgently need help. These ads have already been scheduled for Washington and Oregon and will be used in both Massachusetts and New Jersey as seems necessary. From there the party went 260 miles north to Seaside and War- renton near the Washington state line, and here a meeting was called for the fewer growers in this reg- ion at the Gearhart hotel at Gear- hart on August 3. The fourth stop was at Long Beach, just across the line, and a c inner there was held at the Sea- view hotel. Here is located Cran- berry Canners West Coast freezer, with a capacity of 10,000 barrels. Fifth stop was 60 miles farther north at Grayland, where a meet- ing was held with 200 members and their families. In this region, to replace the new plant at Mark- ham destx'oyed by fire, the ware- house and meeting house formerly owned by the Grayland Cranberry Growers' association has been pur- chased and this is being used as a storehouse and office. Adjacent to thihs has been erected a small iron building 50x120 which will house the dehydrating unit where 25,000 barrels of western fruit will be dehydrated this year for govern- ment use. Cranberry Canners has also purchased the small cannery formerly owned by the Grayland association near Markram, and here the cooperative will process whatever quantity of cranberries becomes necessary to win this war. Next stop in the trip was back toward the East where a meeting was held in Chicago with Wiscon- sin directors, Messrs. Albert Hed- ler, Charles Lewis and Guy Potter. Orrin G. Colley and H. Gordon Mann, vice presidents of Cranberry Canners, had attended the annual meeting of Wisconsin growers at Wisconsin Rapids on the 11th. This completed a survey of the entire cranberry regions of the country, as in late July a meeting had been held at Cranberry Can- ners at South Hanson, Massachu- setts, this having brought out the biggest attendance to date. Canners Meet In Oregon Membership Has Grown from Six to 26. The annual meeting of Cranber- ry Canners, Inc., was held at Co- quille, Oregon, with about 30 mem- bers present, and M. L. Urann, president, making the trip from the East Coast. This was the regional meeting for Oregon and followed meetings in Massachu- setts, New Jersey and Wisconsin. A picnic was held in connection, this being in the new Coquille can- nery, which gave members a fine opportunity to look over the pro- gress in preparing the building for the coming canning season. Significant features brought out were that every member of the Oregon group had pledged berries for the Cranberry Army Pool, and that membership in Southeastern Oregon had grown from six in April to 26 at present. M. S. Anderson has been as- signed to assist the growers in conditioning the cannery and in organizing the handling of the crop. Mr. Anderson is vice pres- ident of the Pacific Division of Ci-anberry Canners, Inc. J. A. Stankavich was elected advisory (Continued on Page 16) THE PULSE Of The United Nations BEATS Evenly, Powerfully The strength of the United States and her Allies is on the gain, and more and more fully keyed to the war effort. The enemy pulse seems to have skipped a beat or two lately. In keeping our pulse powerful there is no mightier factor than health-giving foods. Our Government wants quantities of cranberries for our fighting men. We have just finished growing the 1948 crop and are beginning the harvest. Grow- ers have done a good job of producing a war-time food under difficulties. We can con- tinue the good work by doing our share in the third U. S. War Bond Issue. This is the sixteenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals. POTTER & SON Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin ROY M. POTTER BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AN D STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Cranberry Lake Development Company Phillips, Wisconsin ALBERT HEDLER, Pres. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. • fiditMals ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER, 1943 Vol. 8 - No. 5 y^^^^'^'^'^^'^ DOING A JOB THIS is not the time to boast of success in this year's cranberry crop, even though the estimate of Dr. Stevens, U. S. crop statistician, is for a production of 725,000 barrels. It can only be said the growers have succeeded in raising a cran- berry production of satisfactory propor- tions, if this estimate proves to be correct, and at the moment those best informed agree with the Government estimate. They have now to harvest it in the face of labor shortage more critical in every one of the cranberry-producing areas than ever be- fore, and the quality of the crop is yet to be ascertained. Last spring belief was general there was almost certain to be a small crop in view of last year's second largest crop on record, and heavy produc- tion the year before that. It did not seem possible that, particularly in Massachu- setts, could there be a crop on the heavy side. Yet the production has been steadily increasing in the most recent years. Cran- berry men are becoming better cranberry growers. Dr. Sievers, director of Massa- chusetts State Extension Service, told the Cape growers at their annual meeting that to be a good citizen is one of the best ways to serve their country in war. We believe one of the most important ways of being a good citizen, is to do your job to the best of your ability. The cranberry industry as a whole has done a good job in the face of discouraging difficulties, by bringing a crop, satisfactory in size, to the harvesting point. DEMOCRACY THE annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association was as good a demonstration of why we are fighting for democracy, as could be ob- tained. It was an opportunity for cran- berry growers from every cranberry town in Massachusetts to get together, renew friendships and talk over cranberry grow- ing or any other subject they pleased. At these meetings what goes on in the way of conversation of informal groups and of man-to-man talk by individuals is almost as highly regarded by the growers as is the formal program within the experiment station. This is a meeting for all growers, with- Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application out regard to their allegiences as to policy of marketing or of section. It is as Demo- cratic as the New England town meeting. This particular meeting in the nature of its program reflected the interest of growers in matters of current events, which is pro- per particularly so in the midst of war. It was democratic in the right of one speaker to honestly express his opinion that too much criticism is being made of Government officials, and of another to feel it was a citizen's duty to criticise, if it was constructive in intent. This sort of meet- ing couldn't have been held in an auto- cratic country. But such meetings always have been held on Cape Cod and the right to continue this way of living is why we are fighting those who want to rule our thoughts, actions and words. The Rezins Are Wisconsin's Largest Croup Numerically Richard Rezin Is "Patriarch" of Unit Which Is Growing In Acreage and Importance — His Father Pioneered — and Now His Brothers, Sons, and Nephews Are Cranberry Growers All (This is the third of a series of sketches about Wisconsin cranberry growers and the Wisconsin Cranberry Industry). By CLARENCE J. HALL The largest cranberry growing group of kinsmen in the Wisconsin cranberry industry is made up of the "remarkable" Rezins. I venture to call them remarkable because I consider them so. The principal rea- son why, to my mind, is because from relatively small and humble be- ginnings and with no inherited cranberry capital, the Rezin family has now achieved a sound success, and as a loosely-knit but united group, control total large acreage which must be reckoned with in considering the Wisconsin cranberry production. They are numerous enough to wield much influence in the councils of cranberry matters in the Badger State. They are remarkable in other respects than in building up the large total of acreage they now have and in their numerical strength. The Rezin men — at least all I have met or heard about — are remarkably big men physi- cally. As far as individual and collective Rezin "manpower" goes, there is no shortage. If the un- likely event of every single man of hired labor being stripped from the Wisconsin area by men enter- ing the service or war industries, the Rezins would probably be bet- ter fitted to carry on, by their own physical activities, than any other Wisconsin cranberry growing group. To pronounce the name Rezin you say "raisin," just as in saying the common, everyday, dried grape. The Rezin forebears came down into Wisconsin from Canada, and the state f Wisconsin was original- ly settled by people from French Canada. The patriarch of the Rezin group is Richard Rezin, who has a marsh near Warrens, in Monroe County. Mr. Rezin was born in Wisconsin Rapids, May 20, 1861, the year the Civil War began, which made Mr. Rezin 82 years old last spring. As such, Mr. Rezin is one of four men, all more than eighty, still interested in Wisconsin cranberry growing. He is about the same age as Ed Kruger, also an active grower and about four years younger than A. E. ("Dad") Ben- nett and of George Hill, who has financial interests in cranberry marshes. Richard Rezin Hale at 82 For all the fact that he is going into the ninth decade of life, Mr. Rezin is active, alert, and straight of back. He may be just a trifle stiff in arising to his full height of six feet, three inches. Long of leg, broad of shoulder, with big, powerful hands, he was a fine, im- posing figure of a man when he posed for his photograph against a blue Wisconsin sky. I have been told he was one of the strongest men in the state of Wisconsin and could put in a day's work that few men could equal. If long years of hard work are not good for a man you never could prove it by the example of Richard Rezin. The Rezins live in a comfortable white house on their marsh, and Mr. and Mrs. Rezin and daughter Isobel graciously entertained us with a fine dinner prepared by Mrs. Rezin and Isobel which was notable for a baked chicken pie with a delicious, light biscuit ci-ust. An Easterner may take price in remembering that people from New England and New York state early helped build Wisconsin into the great state that it is. Mrs. Rezin is of New York state ante- cedents, and Mrs. Rezin and Isobel were interested in talking of the East and hoped they might visit Massachusetts when Wisconsin growers come East again. They had just finished reading the recent popular book, "Paul Revere and the Times He Lived In," by Esther Forbes, and had many questions to' ask about Old Boston. The Rezins made us feel right at home and as if we had known them for years. After dinner two of Richard Rezin's four sons, Daniel and his wife, and Russell came in. Only these three Rezin men — there are two other sons of Richard, Leslie and Lloyd, all cranberry growers — mace the living room seem full of Rezin men, so husky were they all. Both were well over six feet and correspondingly broad. Dan- iel, who is the youngest of the four sons, is an even stockier man than Russell. Eastern growers who met the Wisconsin group on its trip East three years ago will remember Russell, with his head of red hair, as towering above most of the other Wisconites. I remembered him well, and that he had told of flying his plane over the marshes, and I thought it would be fun to be taken for a flight and view over the marshes of that section of Wisconsin. But the plane has been sold, a casualty of the war, since civilian flying has been banned. Russell Operates "Home" March Russell is the "Son" of Rezin & Son, and he now operates the marsh with his father. This marsh is a property of about 40 acres. The marsh is planted to McFarlins and Searles Jumbos and Natives, and they have found the McFarlins best to their liking so far. The Searls are still young so far. The Searls are still young plantings, yet to bear, and they had some trouble with the Searls and false blossom on another marsh, but are giving this Wiscon- sin variety another tryout. The water is from a spring brook which gives an abundant supply. There . are six buildings on the property, three dwellings, two warehouses, and a garage. The Ten Rezin marsh is harvested entirely by the wet raking method. This marsh has produced 3400 barrels in its peak year. The Re- zins plant directly on peat and then spread sand one to three years later. Daniel has a marsh of his own at Warrens, now consisting of about 40 acres. The day I visited he was hard at work clearing land to still further increase his hold- ing. "Dan" is inspector of the Mather-Warrens district for the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany. He is one of the most alert and progressive of the younger Wisconsin growers. He is particularly interested in and enthusiastic about the new Wisconsin picker, and it was he who demonstrated the machine for us on the floor of the Robert Case machine shop where it was built at Warrens. He is much interest- ed in all cranberry matters, and he says when there is another group visitation of Wisconsin growers to the East he intends of be one of those going along. It was not my good fortune to meet the two other sons, Leslie, who has a 17 acre marsh adjoining the home marsh, and Lloyd, who has 25 acres at Cranmoor. Lloyd holds the office of town clerk at Cranmoor. His marsh is planted to Howes, Natives, and McFarlins. He is one of the water takers from the Cranberry Ditch project. Leslie grows McFarlins on his marsh and gets his water from the same brook which supplies Rezin & Son, as his project is just below that of the marsh of his father and brother. He, too, water rakes. Richard has two brothers who operate marshes. Robert has a marsh of about 35 acres at Tomah and Will has a marsh of about the same acreage at Cranmoor. Will's son, Earle, is foreman for the Ber- 'lin Marsh, recently purchased by Vernon Goldsworthy. Richard's Father Was a Grower Richard's father before him was a cranberry man in a small way and he was owner of the property which Will now operates. Richard, also, formerly had a brother Daniel, who early owned a marsh at Cranmoor, selling out and going to Oregon soon after 1900. There he operated a marsh at Coos Bay, selling it some years before his death. The Rezin name is well repre- sented on the Wisconsin honor roll of men of the cranberry district who are serving their country in this war. All of the grandchildren of the Rezins who are old enough are in service. These are Daniel, son of Lloyd; Richard, son of Les- lie; and Kenneth and George, sons of Will. These grandchildren of Rich- ard and his brothers are a third generation of Rezins to have an interest in cranberries, or more accurately speaking, they repre- sent the fourth, since Richard's father owned his small marsh at Cranmoor. The date of this lat- ter's beginning interest in cran- berries places the Rezin name among the earlier Wisconsin grow- ers, and after the war this gener- ation will be getting into the busi- ness. It was Richard himself, however, who probably did most to place the Rezins firmly among the ranks of the Wisconsin growers. Rich- ard began life as a farmer, contin- uing in that until 1887, and then, still a young man, he went whole- heartedly into cranberry growing at Cranmoor. He moved westward into the Warrens area in 1900, buying a property of sixteen acres which he sold before he acquired the marsh he now operates with his son, Russell. When he bought this marsh it had eleven acres. This sketch of Richard and oth- er members of the Rezin group, brief as it is, is evidence that with acreage steadily increasing and the resources of the Rezin "manpower" available and the keen and intelli- gent interest of its members in cranberry growing the name of Rezin will be increasingly import- ant in the Wisconsin cranberry in- dustry. The Rezins seem destined to play a valued part in the future of Wisconsin cranberry growing. All are loyal to Wisconsin cran- berry growing and all are loyal members of the Wisconsin Cran- ben-y Sales Company. Cape Growers Meet (Continued from Page 4) treasurer because of his health. He was succeeded by Carlton Del- ano Hammand, Jr., of Point Inde- pendence. Directors were: John C. Make- peace, Warcham; Marcus L. Urann, South Hanson; Dr. Henry J. Franklin, East Wareham; Franklin E. Smith, Boston; John J. Beaton, Wareham; Chester A. Vose, Marion; Harrison F. God- dard, Plymouth; and I. Grafton Howes. The nominating commit- tee was C. A. Driscoll, Russell Makepeace, and Mr. Goddard. In addition to losing Mr. Howes as president and Mr. Curtis as treasurer, the association was obliged to accept the resignation of Mr. Vose, who has served as chairman of the frost warning committee for about ten years, Mr. Vose said he felt he had done his part in serving for that long period, that he was not , irreplac- ablc, and this time he "meant business" in requesting that his resignation be accepted. The nam- ing of his successor was left to the board of directors, but he offered his assistance to whoever was ap- pointed throughout this fall frost season. FROST WARNING SERVICE In resigning Mr. Vose reported for the frost committee, saying that radio warnings were "out" again this year and apparently for the duration of the war, and at present there were seven distrib- utors of the warning sending out a total of 136 telephone calls. Mr. Vose made a plea for increasing the fees which these six distrib- utors (in addition to Dr. Frank- lin, with whom the warnings orig- inate). The present fee is Sl.OO for each frost warning, and last spring there were 13 warnings. As these distributors have to be ready to issue warnings twice each day for a period of about 62 days, from April 20 to the last of June, and again in the fall and make from 12 to 36 calls each time there is a warning, he felt their services were worth more. As a sugges- tion he recommended fees be left as at present, but a minimum of S60 each be guaranteed for the Eleven spring and fall frost service. This was left to be determined by the directors. Mr. Vose received a ris- ing vote of thanks for his long service. Russell Makepeace, for the lib- rary committee, made an interest- ing report, reminding the growers that the association maintains a reference librai'y at the Middle- boro Public Library and this val- uable collection of cranberry re- ports, books, periodicals and pic- tures, old and new, is steadily be- ing added to. A complete sum- mary of the contents of this lib- rary was given by him in 1941 and he then gave a list of additions and moved that this list be kept up to date and be printed in the transcription of the annual meet- ing this year and at fifth year intervals. LOUIS A. WEBSTER Louis A. Webster, acting State Commissioner of Agriculture, gave a rather sharp criticism of the handling of the food and farm sit- uation by some of the Federal government officials. He told of the greater responsibilities upon those who produce food brought about by the tremendous food re- quirements of the United States because of the war. Farm labor is the first problem at the moment, he said, and then spoke of the livestock situation, particularly with reference to the current corn shortage. He said this should improve this winter, but would be worse again by next summer. He said the fertilizer situation had not proven as bad as feared and that it would be im- proved next year, as the available nitrogen supply would be in- creased. He then spoke of the fallacy of some Government officials in ad- mitting that moi-e food was a cry- ing need and then cutting down on the farmer both in farm machinery manufacturing quotas and of ne- cessity cutting down labor because of building an adequate armed force and industrial capacity. "The farmer could get along either without machinery or without la- bor, but he can't produce without one or the other." He also said he could not see why some Govern- ment planners thought we could feed the rest of the world when for "the past 16 years we have had to import more food than we have produced." Concluding, he said he had faith that the cranberry growers would get their crops harvested somehow this fall. He said the cranberry industry was the one Massachu- setts agricultural industry he could "brag" about most when talking with agricultural men in other states. DR. F. J. SIEVERS Dr. F. J. Sievers, director of the State Experimental Station at Am- herst, made an earnest plea for everyone in this time of war to be a good citizen. "What can I do to help?" he said, "is the para- mount question with everyone, and the answer is in trying to be a good citizen". He urged the avoidance of criticism of public officials, saying they were earnest, honest men trying to do the very best they could under the tremen- dous I'esponsibilities of their po- sitions. He said some had de- cisions to make which involved the lives of many men. He admitted mistakes were made, but told the growers they themselves often made mistakes on their bogs. "Don't continually criticise, don't always find fault. Find a way to help. Put your shoulder to the wheel. Help, con't criticise." HON. RUDOLPH F. KING A high tribute was paid to Pres- ident Howes by the Hon. Rudolph F. King, speaker of the Massachu- setts House of Representatives, Speaker King saying that in one year Representative Howes had won his way into the respect of his colleagues through his "sin- cerity and his ruggedness as a Cape Codder." Mr. King told of the achieve- ments of Massachusetts, citing a list of achievements, facts and fig- ures, and asked all present to re- dedicate themselves to the service of their state and their nation in winning the war. DR. W. W. ALDRICH The progress in the developing of new cranberry varieties from the seedling crosses now growing in New Jersey, Wisconsin and Mas- sachusetts (CRANBERRIES, June '43, p. 4), was told of by Dr. W. W. Aldrich of the United States Department of Agriculture, and he explained that this cross breeding has proven to be a long process. He said that results would be showing in the next year or two and it was hoped that from these seedlings there would emerge va- rieties which would be better than any of the "natural" improved varieties which are the varieties of cranberries so far grown. He asked the growers to cooperate in setting out trial plots of these va- rieties in many towns in the cran- berry states to carry the project to completion. This matter of co- operation was left in the hands of the directors. CONGRESSMAN GIFFORD It was first announced that Con- gressman Charles L. Gifford would not be able to speak because of an indisposition, but Mr. Gifford ap- peared later in the day and held the attention of the growers with one of his fine informal talks. Mr. Gifford in the main took an opposite poine of view from Dr. Sievers, although he had not heard his speech. He said it was the duty of those who were dissatis- fied with the acts and decisions of public officials to criticise, even in war time. "You have the right as citizens to complain if you honest- ly feel such criticism will be help- ful. Good can come out of criti- '*cism. What we must have in Gov- ernment are men of efficiency, not of stupidity." He directed some glowing praise upon the services of Dr. Franklin and other scien- tific workers in the cranberry in- dustry. He said to Dr. Franklin: "You have done much for our cran- berry industry, and your reward shall be great and your name will > go down for generations of cran- berry growers." Concerning the futui'e, he said, our most important job is the immediate post-war world con- struction. He urged patient think- ing before opinions were formed. "When the parade is on after the war. sure, I'll be in the parade, but I want to know what parade I'll be in." A. F. Wolf, crop and price ana- lyst of Hill Bros. Company of New York, read an instructive paper on cranberry growing (printed elsewhere in this issue). Dr. Stevens, in making his crop report, said he had been doing this now for sixteen years. This crop announcement is always the climax of the meeting, this Government estimate obviously greatly inter- esting those present. There have been a number of well-informed "guesses" as to what the crop might be and the estimate as an- nounced was about what had been unofficially estimated, but many ' would not have been surprised if at this point of the season they had not been confirmed by the official estimate. They were also interested in the revision of last year's crop figures to the higher total, showing the crop had been even larger than believed. R. J. ENGLES The final speaker was R. J. En- gles, head of the United States Employment Service and repre- senting WMC in the so-called New Bedford area. Mr. Engles said he regarded the cranberry harvest situation as a very serious matter, and that his service wished to give every help possible. He took is- sue with apparent criticism that the Government was not interest- led in seeing that the cranberry crop is not allowed to go to waste 1 because of labor shortage. Mr. Decas Cranberry Company WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES This year we are in a position to handle over 50,000 barrels of berries. We are ready to buy your crop, whether it is large or small. Telephone Wareham 147 Engles has been interviewed on the cranberry harvest situation in local daily newspapers and has hoped to aid the situation through radio and newspaper publicity. He offered several suggestions for the problem. He spoke of the possibilities of obtaining releases for former cranberry workers from war industries though the WMC, with the understanding that statements of release from such industries are temporary for the cranberry season. He said such releases are obtainable if it is demonstrated in individual cases that the need of the worker was greater in the cranberry harvest at the moment than work in a war plant. Growers obtaining appli- cations from individuals should send their names, addresses, and present employers' names to WMC for clearance, he said. He spoke of the possibility of obtaining either civilian or soldier labor from Camp Edwards on the Cape and said such applications should be made through the WMC for reference to the First Service Com- mand. He spoke of obtaining high school help and said an ef- fort should be made along this line. He told of making use somewhere in the cranberry harvest even of those who were not physically fit for the hardest cranberry labor, and that even the blind are being utilized in war work. There was some debate concern- ing the situation from the floor and Mr. Engles was asked several questions, but this phase of the meeting ended with no definite de- cision or concrete program being reached. In concluding the session, the retiring president turned the meet- ing over to the new president, and Mr. Howes was extended a hearty vote of thanks for his services. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 3) The few used in the 1942 harvest were fairly satisfactory. The possibility of much Jamaican help rests entirely upon the availability of such help at the Burlington Country Camp. This labor is pri- marily used for other farm crops, especially potatoes. There is some possibility that if the potato har- vest is over by the time cranber- ries hit their peak, some of these (Continued on Page 16) Thirteen Harvesting By Weight Discussed Ocean County, New Jersey, Cranberry Club Holds Meeting. The fourth annual meeting of the Ocean County Cranberry Growers' Club at Riverside hotel, Toms River, New Jersey, August 13, re-elected Oscar Downs of Lakehurst, president, Albert Lil- lie, Toms River, vice president, and Herbert C. Biclack, county agent, secretary and treasurer. Guests included D. C. Boster, crop reporting service; USDA, Edward Lipman, administrative officer. New Jersey State USDA War Board; William Hunter, soil con- servationist of Ocean County; James D. Holman, chairman, Ocean County USDA War Board; Donald Davis, emergency farm labor as- sistant for Ocean County, Isaac Harrison, Cranberry Canners, and Charles S. Beckwith, New Jersey Experiment Station. Inasmuch as Daniel McEwen Crabbe was instrumental in organ- izing the Ocean County Club and was always very active in its work the members present instructed the secretary to write a letter to Mr. Crabbe, who is a lieutenant in the U. S. Navy, stationed at pres- ent in Florida, assuring him he was missed at the meetings of the club and wishing him every suc- cess. Lt. Crabbe enlisted nearly a year ago. A very interesting point of dis- cussion was brought up, centering around the standardization of picking containers. Mr. Holman suggested that weight measure would perhaps best answer the problem. He said he didn't feel such a system could be placed in operation this year, but thought it had merit for 1944. At present growers pay by the bushel, and bushel containers, it was pointed out, vary anywhere from 32 quarts to 50 or 60. This variation entails great difficulty among the pickers when they get together and compare containers. Mr. Harrison pointed out the dif- ference in weight in different va- Fourteen rieties of cranberries, and Isaiah Hanes of Whitesbog said that va- rieties do vary as much as 15 per cent. A committee to work on this problem and to make definite rec- ommendations for report at the next regular meeting was named, this committee being: William Hunter, Isaiah Haines, James D. Holman, George Kelley, Isaac Harrison, Burlington County, and Enoch Bills. An Economist Talks On the Cranberry Price (Editor's Note: — The following; is the paper read at the Cape Cod annual meet- ing.) By A. F. WOLF Crop and Price Analist of Hills Bros. Co. The cranberry price, like prices of all agricultural commodities, is a function of several economic ann non-economic factors. In common language, these factors are simply called supply and demand. How- ever, a few illustrations will show that in order to get a full under- standing of the price-making mechanism of agricultural prices we must get away from this some- what simple and slogan type of explanation into a more differen- tiated type. If we analyze the price of water- melons, for instance, we soon come to realize that the temperature in the consuming areas has something to do with the price. Early water- melons frequently reach the mar- ket when the temperature in New York and other large consuming areas is too low to create a normal demand. On the other hand, a long extended heat wave has the opposite effect, i. e., it raises the price. Likewise is the consump- tion of lemons affected by the tem- perature. Or there is the element of grades and sizes. To illustrate: The demand for the 36 size grape- fruit, which is primarily a hotel demand, is very rigid. If the sup- ply of that size is very heavy it has the tendency to affect the total average price because the fluctu- ations of the price of that size are rather pronounced. Another ele- " ment in matters pertaining to size is the change of its significance when the commodity is being- canned, in which case size as a cri- terion in consumers' making their choice is completely eliminated. Another factor in the general picture are the different outlets of a commodity. There is the prim- ary outlet, that is, the absorption of the commodity by the market in non-processed form. Canning is usually referred to as the second- ary outlet, because in most cases canning came into existence long after a commodity was well estab- lished and it absorbed in many cases at first only that part of it which the market rejected for some reason or the other. The signifi- cance of two outlets lies in the fact of different prices which are obtained for two identical crops. Experience has taught us that the price is most likely to be higher in the instance of two outlets. (Continued next month) Kentucky Farmers (Continued from Page 5) berry work. Mr. Brown and Mr. Benson concluded arangements. These men will help take the place of the 500 Bahamians who Mr. Brown says were "virtually assured" the Massachusetts cran- berry growers by Government of- ficials but who were not available. Larger Massachusetts cranberry growers had gone about making preparations for housing, feeding and for employing the Bahamians or Jamaicans, whichever were to have been made available through the Government. This was through an arrangement with the British (government, as of course the la- borers are British subjects. These men at last reports were in Mary- land and it is believed they will be retained for labor in southern states. With this supply of extra help, such regular cranberry workers as have not been taken by the armed forces or by war industries, and with a general recruiting campaign the growers are expecting to get specializing in CRANBERRY TOOLS & EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS Purchasers for Cranberry Canners, Inc., United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, and many other Cranberry Growers. Fair Prices. Hanson Hardware Company ROUTE 27 David demons, Manager HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS the crop off the vines. The crit- ical need of the cranberry growers for harvest labor is receiving ex- tensive publicity through coopera- tion of the radio and daily news- papers and through the United States Employment Service. Older high school boys may be used and these have plans for changing school hours and openings. This is the Massachusetts labor picture as the harvesting of the estimated 495,000 ban-els begins. The latest meeting which consid- ered the hiring of the Kentuckians and which discussed the situation was at the office of the A. D. Makepeace company at Wareham, the evening of August 27th, with the committee and a group of the larger growers hastily summoned on the return of Mr. Benson from Kentucky. Mr. Brown remained in Washington on other business. Mr. Benson reported at this meet- ing, and J. Richard Beattie, asso- ciate county agent, represented Mr. Brown. The obtaining of these Kentuck- ians represented the culmination of a strenuous effort by the cranberry committee, the Massachusetts Ex- tension Service, the United States Employment Service, and growers in general. Mr. Brown and the growers at one point were practi- cally certain the Government would allot the Bahamian labor and prep- arations for them were well under way. Then it began to be appar- ent they would not be assigned to cranberry work, and a meeting was called on August 18th at the El- lis D. Atwood screenhouse in South Carver. There was a large num- ber of the larger growers and the various workers for recruitment of help, and a number of substi- tute sources of labor were dis- cussed. These included the ob- taining of soldier and civilian help from Camp Edwards on the Cape, school children, labor through the U. S. Employment Service, and particularly the obtaining of for- mer cranberry labor through re- leases ivfim war industries. The then faint possibilities of the Kentucky labor glimmered on the rorizon. A number of meetings have been called in Plymouth County and there have been meetings in Barn- stable County under the call of County Agent Tomlinson, and there has been a great deal of work done to make certain enough labor can be rounded up from every possible source to assure the picking of the crop. The Kentuckians, it is ex- pected, will be distributed in Ply- mouth County only as Mr. Tomlin- son has felt more local sources of help in Barnstable County could be called upon to supply the need of the growers there, whose proper- ties in general are much smaller than the large acreage holdings in Plymouth County. The growers of Barnstable Coun- ty who will need nearly 2,000 pickers this fall, it is anticipated, will depend a good deal upon their own local cecises to get the crop harvested. At the several com- mittee meetings called by Tomlin- son, it has worked out that no ar- rangements have been made where- by Cape growers will benefit great- ly by imported labor. Fifteen Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 13) may be available. IfCrop 10 Per Cent Less — Concen- sus of opinion of growers present at this meeting in mid-August was that the Jersey crop would be approximately ten per cent under that of last year. Three beliefs for this were given: (1) inex- perienced labor would not do a normally good job of scooping; (2) the heavy rains in July did damage to bloom and set; (3) there is more Jersey acreage un- der water than in '42. WISCONSIN TlMay Be 105,00 Bbls.— After the annual meetings in mid-August it appeared that after all the crop might equal that of last year, which was 107,000. There had been two good rains and the ber- ries were growing rapidly, and it looked as if they would be of lar- ger size than last year. Original estimates were from 110,000 to 125,000 and this was based on a very, very good bloom. However, conditions were not favorable for setting, and in addition to poor set fireworms made bigger inroads than usual and fruit worms were taking their toll. There were also losses from blight. As August ended, the growing weather was very good and berries seemed to be larger in size than last year. llExpect to Get Berries Off— Most growers as harvest approached were not worrying too much about getting the berries off, and prac- tically all thought they were going to make it some way. This is in spite of the recognized fact that labor has been much tighter than it was last year even, and, in fact, has been at practically a minimum all season. But no one expected to be leaving many berries on the vines because it would be impos- sible to get them in. TlSome Already Begun. — Picking began very early in the Mather section where two or three started to rake the week of August 23rd and others were getting ready to begin the following week. The reason for these growers starting so early is the fact they are short of water, although in general growers have plenty. The bulk of the harvesting will begin about the 13th of September. ^Machines to Be Used. — Five or six of the picking machines built by Robert Case and financed by a group of growers in combination, have been completed and will be placed in operation during the sea- son. OREGON lILabor Easier? — Most growers, as the picking season approaches, are more optimistic about the labor situation than at this time last year. Some growers, more than last year, plan to water rake, rather than hand pick and this will ease the shortage somewhat. The United States Employment Service is working on plans to help also. TfRipe About Usual Time— Bloom in many cases was rather late this year, but it now appears the crop will ripen about as usual, the last week in September and the first in October. A heavy rain the first week in August assured the grow- ers of sufficient water to cause the berries to grow large. Sales Co. Meeting (Continued from Page 6) was Gorcon Mann, and he told the meeting it was indicated from a number of conferences that the Government could use every cran- berry grown. The Sales Company voted auth- orization of the assessment of 48 cents per barrel to the American Cranberry Exchange advertising fund to be used at the discretion of the board of cirectors. Plans for advertising, Mr. Chaney said, included a consistent program, al- though it would probably not be as extensive as in past years be- cause of the ti'emendous cranberry demand which is apparent this fall. E. C. McGrew, assistant man- ager of the Exchange, urged the members to maintain the same high quality of pack and the same care in all shipping that it has always exercised. He said the growers had spent large sums in advertising the EATMOR name * to the trade, and urged that no let- down in quality be made this year because of the exceptional ready market. Dr. Neil Stevens, and Noel Thompson, the latter of the state department of entomology at Mad- ison, were speakers in a discussion upon scientific subjects, and Dr. Stevens referred to the weather ^ report soon to be issued. Resolutions of sympathy were passed by the members, to be sent to families of members recently bereaved. Canners Meet (Continued from Page 7) member for the Bandon section, with Gunnar Erickson as alter- nate. Mr. Stankavich, however, later resigned and another will be elected to take his place. Growers were greatly interested in Mr. Urann's announcement of the launching of the ten-year plan to earn the members of Cranberry Canners a net of $15.00 a barrel. Mr. Urann said he planned this achievement without raising the consumer price of canned cranber- ries, by reducing the operating costs through "streamlining" the hancling of berries from the cran- berry marshes to the canning plants. He said: "One of the most ef- fective ways to reduce costs from now on is to increase the use of machinery. Up to this time you have been handling cranberries with only the fresh market in view, but now you are in the manu- facturing business which enables you to take advantage of cei'tain economies in harvesting and sort- ing." The company is backing the development of three picking ma- chines in Massachusetts and New Jersey. When perfected, these will greatly reduce the work of harvesting. They will work as af- fectively on western marshes as on those in the east. Mr. Urann also reminded growers that berries for processing may be harvested wet at reduced cost, and may be handled more roughly and less ex- pensively than berries which must be hand-sorted for the fresh mar- ket. Sixteen ODT Loading Rules Same As Last Year Recent ODT orders for loadings of produce, including cranberries, do not iTiake any material change concerning cranberries fi'om rulings in effect from the midcle of last October, it is understood by the American Cranberry Exchange. For cranberries, cars are to be loaded six layers deep, the full length of the car, and all boxes on the flat side, top or bottom, which does not permit the loaoing of boxes on the sides or ends. There must be six solid layers to the full capacity of the car, re- gardless of the size of the car. Gov. Crop Estimate (Continued from Pase 4) In interpreting the true size of the Massachusetts crop in the terms of normalcy, he points out that the normal crop has been ris- ing from the previous ten-year av- erage. The normal for the last year which is possible to figure out, is that for 1938 and the normal for that year was 468,378, based on the nine-year sliding average. He says there is reason to believe that the normal has risen still fur- ther since 1938, although it has not been ascertained, so that 495,000 would be just about the normal expectancy for Massachu- setts this year. SEPARATORS SHIPPED During the past month the Hay- den Separator Mfg. Company of Wareham has finishec and shipped a considerable number of separ- ators. Seven in one lot went to Cranberry Canners, Inc., at Mark- ham, Washington, and eight were shipped to Cranberry Canners in New Jersey. TO ADVERTISE TO THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY THIS MAGAZINE IS THE ONLY MEDIUM NOW while All Materials are so scarce — CONSERVATION Is Speeding the Day of Victory Treat Your Electrical Equipment With the Care It Deserves Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Best for the Purpose CRANBERRY BOXES MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE Grown and Manufactured Here F. H. COLE Established 17J7 MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS NORTH CARVER. MASS. Tel. 46 5 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs. Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WII.DA HANRY Decas Block Wareham, Maasachuaetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 41-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRFD PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. T«l. 626 ARIENS-7>7/&r ING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BRILLION. WIS Eatmor Cranberries 'The war not only has placed a great responsibility on agricultural co- operatives, but has tested their ingen- uity and resourcefulness. In g-eneral they have proved themselves adaptable to changes and flexible in their opera- tions. They have demonstrated that farmers through their own organiza- tions can render a great service to the nation in producing and distributing food and fiber." NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative'* .rixLOLIN I II >V-J r^l\ s^U,\J\J\J,\J\J\J r^ I i-y-vix n^}^\^^ t i\ APE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON YOUNG KENTUCKIAN SCOOPS CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Dctober, 1943 20 cents BEATON DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Largest Independent Distributor of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Serving — Our Member Growers The Cranberry Industry The Cranberry Trade To the Best of Our Ability in this Time of War It's Always the Right Time to Back the Attack with Another United States War Bond BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Mass. M. C. BEATON J. J. BEATON G. T. BEATON COLUMBUS Looked Ahead! The Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company looked ahead in cranberry cooperation at the turn of the century. What is in store for us after the war? We must look ahead today, and just now we must do as Columbus also did; we must see our present job through. Our immediate mission today is winning the war, and after the war to guard our future. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 5 Reasons why You Will Want to Earmark at Least 10% of Your 1943 Crop for Cranberry Canners, Inc. 1. Because much of Cranberry Canners' output is going to the Armed Forces. Most growers have pledged 50%, and some as much as 100%, of their crops to the Cranberry Army Pool. You, too, will want to share in filling Government orders. 2. Because the civilian supply of Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce is far short of the demand. When the war is over, large quantities of canned cranberry sauce which are now going to the Armed Forces will revert to civilians, and in order that they may be ready to use that quantity, they must not be permitted now to lose the habit of buying "Ocean Spray." 10% of every grower's crop will help to retain our civilian customers. 3. Because you believe in two ways to sell cranberries: fresh and canned. Both are necessary, and both should have your support. 4. Because Cranberry Canners, Inc. has helped you to get more money for cranberries by removing all surplus berries from the market. Such a benefit deserves your support. 5. Because the prices paid by Cranberry Canners, Inc. compare favor- ably with those you receive from any other source ; and while no predictions can be made at this time, you are assured your returns in 1943 will be satisfactory. Berries may be delivered to any one of the following plants of Cranberry Canners, Inc. Advance payment of 5c per pound on delivery of berries. Further advances are made as fast as the cranberries are processed and sold. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich-, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Coquille, Ore. Markham, Wash. Long Beach, Wash. SERVIN G THE CRA^BERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Marinette & HAYDEN Lumber Dealers "Everything- Under Cover" Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES. Prop.) East Wareham, Mass. Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Boxes, Box Shooks, Crating Wirebound Boxes and Crates M & M's 64th Year PUMPS ARE SUBJECT TO QUOTA Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses SERVING THE Make Your Plans Now for Paints - Hardware WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS Cranberry Bog Pumps for Fall and Winter Atfenfion Mass. Cranberry Growers Established 1848 Hall & Cole Wood At Our NEW Modern Incorporated County Nationa Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Garage GMC Truck Sales and Complete Truck Service. Hercules-Campbell Truck Bodies, Hydraulic Dump, Hoist, Stake and Delivery Station Wagons. Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. United States Tires and Tubes for trucks and passenger cars. (To certificate holders.) Cordes Motor Sales Co. WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 75-R APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers Jesse A. Holmes & Son The COLLEY Carver, Massachusetts Nationa Bank CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. CRANBERRY SHOOKS of DISTRIBUTORS OF and BOXES Wareham Cape Cod Cranberries Tel. Carver 10-3 Wareham, Mass. SUITS--US BRAND SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDL STRY The COURIER PR NT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES and Printing Supplies for Cranberry Growers Midd eborough Trust Co. MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation + Bank of Bandon Bandon, Oregon Serving Coos and Curry Counties Since 1904 + The Battle of Production Depends on Electric Power Don't Waste It Proper maintenance of electrical equipment and wiring is important for continued service. Keep yours fit to work with efl^ciency for the duration. Leonard L Kabler ACCOUNTANT, AUDITOR AND TAX CONSULTANT Systems Installed, Month- ly Audits, Tax Returns, Part-Time Bookkeeping. 220 High St., Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 415-W Fifteen Years Cranberry Experience ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Pymouth County Eectric Co. WAREHAM - - PLYMOUTH Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 TO ADVERTISE TO THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY THIS MAGAZINE IS THE ONLY MEDIUM We Have Listinss of Cranberry Boss, Larjre and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ^^^^om mmRRY magaJ^^^ Issue of October, 1943 — Vol. 8, No. 6 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS ^Picking Crews Did Show Up — Last month we reported growers as "coming into the harvest on a wing and a prayer," and that prayer seemed answered when picking, in a big way, got started. From somewhere or other most of the larger growers, and many of the smaller, found to their delight many of their old experienced pickers returned and bringing oth- er experienced help with them. Some growers reported help ap- plying, and good help they had never seen before. Good pay may have had much to do toward bring- ing in the needed, experienced pickers. "When you pay 40 cents a box, where you used to pay 15, they are bound to come," said one grower. URate of Pay High— While, as al- ways, there is no absolutely uni- form price for all growers, as price must vary with individual circumstances and conditions, the general rate is much higher. Hourly pay runs from $1.00 an hour or a little less to inefficient and inexperienced help, to |1.20 and even $1.25 an hour. Most pay by the box is 35 cents on the bog and five cents a box more ashore, or a flat 40 cents ashore. Beaton is paying 40 cents on the shore and 45 cents for on the shore for a larger size box he uses. Many growers are paying 25 cents a measure, hand picked, and the same for snapping. ITPickers Make Good Money — Pickers can make excellent pay at these rates. At least one Demand Brisk at $17.00 Opening: On Early Blacks Shipments, however, Lag be- cause of Mass Shortage In Screenhouse (Continued on Page 14) Early Blacks, Cape Cod and New Jersey, were opened by the American Cranberry Exchange on September 15th at $4.25 a quarter barrel box, or $17.00 a barrel, General Manager C. M. Chaney an- nouncing the Exchange figure, af- ter the usual conference of direc- tors. This is a higher price, but growers have found higher pro- duction costs all along the line, and prices in general are up and there is an acute shortage of fruits in particular. Demand fol- lowing the announcement has been excellent. "We Were agreeably surprised at the prompt response and high percentage of confirmation of our conditional orders," Mr. Chaney announced in a bulletin to mem- bers. "In fact, it was the all-time record for the first day after quot- ing." Melville C. Beaton of the Beaton Distributing Agency, Wareham, said the cemand was "hot," and Decas Brothers of Wareham, also independent distributors, have found the demand strong. A. D. Benson, New England Sales Com- pany, finds the trat'e is buying well at this price. Speaking further of the price, Mr. Chaney wrote: "The prompt and liberal response from our cus- tomers is evidence not only of an anticipated healthy consumer de- (Continued on Page 12) Cranberry Canners Dehydrated Order Set at 1,000,000 Government to Take That Number of Pounds, Company Announces Cranberry Canners, Inc., an- nounces that the Government has cut in half its order for 2,000,000 pouncs of Ocean Spray dehydrated cranberries, and that this cut came just as the dehydrating, plants were prepared to swing in- to operation. Since January of this year, Canners further say, when the Office of the Quartermas- ter made it known it would re- quire at least 300,000 barrels of cranberries canned and dehydrated from the 1943 crop. Cranberry Canners has worked against great odds to provide adequate equip- ment to dehydrate that quantity. Two of the company's existing plants were partially converted to dehydrating. A former milk plant which had been purchased at Gurnee, Illinois, was transformed into a dehydrating plant and a new dehydrating plant was erected at Grayland, Washington. Contain- ers, cartons, labels, packing equip- ment and sealing equipment were made to handle Government or- ders on schedule. The object of the reduction in the military order. Cranberry Can- ners declares, is to release more fruit to civilians. To relieve this shortage of civilian fruit many fruits and vegetables already pur- chased by the Government and others still on order are being re- leased. The Office of the Quarter- (Continued on Page 13) Four Everybody Pitched In and Got Mass, Harvesters United efforts of Massachusetts growers, working in a spirit of co- operation, were in good measure responsible for the turning up of a labor supply which apparently is ample to get this year's big crop harvested. Credit is given to a number of different activities. The Boston Traveler put on a series of articles to recruit farm help, and thei'e were radio appeals for help. The Traveler campaign brought out 266 volunteers. The Extension Service, with Joe Brown at its head in Plymouth County and A. D. Benson of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company, led in recruiting the Kentuckians. Ci-anberry Canners ran a series of advertisements in several Plymouth and Bristol County newspapers ap- pealing for help on the bogs and in the screenhouses also on the West Coast), and many Southeas- tern newspapers carried compelling stories of the urgent need and ask- ing volunteers to report to grow- ers. County Agent Bertram Tom- linson and a Barnstable County committee led efforts in that coun- ty for cranberry workers. The United States Employment Service, principally through its office at New Bedford, made its service available, and urged recruitment. And, of course, growers themselves did some mighty active recruiting on their own part, as well. For the Federal Cranberry Com- pany at South Carver, Manager Richard M. Smalley to help out obtained a group of State Farm parolees. He has 15 or 20 of these men at work, mostly from the Bos- ton region. On the Cape proper, that is, Barnstable county, while the labor situation is tight, as everywhere, all the growers are getting their crop off without too much difficulty, depending almost entirely upon lo- cal help. This help became avail- able somehow from somewhere, as County Agent Tomlinson hoped it might, feeling that the Cape's best bet was intensive recruitment of the local supply. Some of the Pyrethrum '44 Now Indicated As Still Less Picking Machines Being Tried Out This Fall Shorter Crop Will Give Agriculture Even Smaller Supply — Doubled Amount of Rotenone Might Raise Hope for Cranberry In- clusion, Information from Government sources strongly indicating less, and possibly very little pyreth- rum next season has been received by Dr. H. J. Franklin. The word which he has received is that there will be very little pyrethrum flow- ers available for agricultural use. The potential supply has been greatly reduced by dry weather and other factors in Kenya, and the amounts which appear to be available will not be sufficient to take care of the requirements of the armed services. It is reported there is no ques- tion but that the quantity avail- able will be much less than that allocated for agriculture in 1943, and this will make a very restrict- ed list of crop uses in the Govern- ment pyrethrum order. On the other hand there may be very faint reason for hope in the rotenone situation, as it is antic- ipated the amount of rotenone for agi'icultural insecticides may be approximately twice that available in 1943, or between four and five million pounds of 5 per cent root. This should permit including in the revised rotenone order the con- trol of some of the insects pi-evi- ously included in the pyrethrum order, as well as some former uses. Cranberries have not been includ- ed in the few crops on which rote- none might be used the past two years. If pyrethrum is not allowed for use on cranberry bogs, as rotenone has not been permitted in the past, the situation next year in regard to false blossom and blackheaded fireworm control is not a pleasant one to look forward to. growers have used older school- boys, but probably not more than twenty-five or so in all. Several Used on Bogs Under Actual Harvest Conditions — One of Wisconsin Pick- ers At Work on Whittle- sey Marsh. Any definite conclusion as to ar- rival at the goal of a 100 per cent successful cranberry picking ma- chine, tried and tested under actual harvesting conditions, will not be reached this season. However, at least, progress is being made and several of the pickers previously referred to as under construction have been tried out in preliminary fashion this fall, and moi-e exten- sive tests under working condi- tions will be given. Perfection in a mechanical cranberry picker is a difficult thing, but all experi- mentation is a step toward its final achievement. The "Wisconsin Picker," which was financed by a group of grow- ers of that state and built in the machine shop of Robert Case at Warrens, has been working under actual harvesting conditions, or rather, one of the machines has, at the Whittlesey marsh at Cran- moor, others not having been com- pleted. Reports say this machine is working out quite satisfactorily and it will pick from 500 to 600 bushels a day with ease, on water and is doing a good clean job. Other Wisconsin growers who co- operated in the machine expect to get their models in time to assist with the harvest of part of their crop. In Massachusetts three ma- chines have been demonstrated and improvements are being made. One of these machines was designed by Frank C. Crandon of Acushnet, who is working in conjunction with Cranberry Canners, and his ma- chine was tried out near Hanson. It combines "combing" and suc- tion. Some defects were discov- ered, but experiments are going ahead. Another machine is that of Robert Lenari of Manomet, which has been demonstrated. (Continued on Page 14) Five Above — A group of the Kentuckians at the Century Bog, left, Kentucky boy pours cranberries; opposite page, Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Coombs, cook and man m charge at Century. Cranberry Picking Is iNove Experience for Kentucky Workers Greatest Objection of Grow- ers Is Extreme Youth of Most — A Few Trouble- makers — Southern Labor Mostly Seem to Like It. Kentuckians, from the hilly eas- tern section of that state, from Johnson, Pike, Morgan, Floyd and McGriffin counties, are scooping away, harvesting Cape Cod cran- berries. There are only about 150 of them, instead of the 580 which were certified for the Massachu- setts cranberry harvest by the War Food Commission, through the United States Extension Ser- vice, but they are getting the ber- ries off, and pretty well, too. And, as the situation has developed, with such an unexpected turn-out of former experienced labor, no more were needed, and these that are working form only a small fraction of the total engaged. Chief criticism of the growers is the age of the laborers. They had requested that 75 per cent of the men sent be above draft age. Instead, 75 per cent is below the draft years. Many of the youths are very young, and too slight to swing a scoop m.ost efficiently. The greatest complaint of the Kentuckians is that scooping "is awful hard on the knees." They don't find picking cranberries too hard on the back or too hard phy- sical labor, and their knees are rapidly becoming accustomed to the endless crawling over the bog. A reasonable judgment might be that on the whole the growers are rather well pleased with this Kentucky help, and the Kentuck- ians ai-e rather enjoying cranberry picking — they like the weather and conditions in Southeastern Massachusetts. So it's a case of so far so good for all concerned. As their stay progressed, how- ever, it developed that perhaps up to ten per cent were wholely unde- sirable. These included trouble- makers and physical unfits. Some of these have been sent back. « Several had made daily newspaper headlines by creating disturb- ances. Some of the Kentuckians are very blond, some are very dark, nearly all of them young, and about all of them a cheerful lot, reasonably industrious and willing Six to cooperate. In appearance they are like any other group of Amer- ican boys, although their accent is distinctive and sometimes as diffi- cult for the New England growers to understand quickly as it is for the Kentuckians to understand the New England speech. There have been only occasional diflRculties by a very few individuals, and in general the Kentuckians are more polite and given to "Sirs" and "Mams" far more than the ordi- nary Cape Cod youth. Many o^them have not had ad- vantages of liberal education, but have travelled extensively in agri- cultural work and this has broad- ened their outlook. Some have picked many kinds of crops and some have been in more than forty states of the Union. Cran- berries, however, are new to them all. Some own their small farms in Kentucky where they grow corn, tobacco and potatoes on a small scale, and some are veterans of the last war. The younger ones are farmers' sons and farm help. One has been a student at Caney college in Kentucky, leaving to re- coup his finances through crop harvesting, plenning to enter the University of Kentucky. Probably the oldest picker is A. D. Runyan, who is 68. They like the brisk. New Eng- land fall climate. It was 110 de- grees the days that Plymouth County Agent J. T. Brown and A. D. Benson of the New England Cranberry Sales Company trav- elled 250 miles through eastern Kentucky in late August with Ken- tucky extension service agents to line up the recruiting. The Ken- tuckians are amazed at the vast- ness of the "bottoms" or "hol- lows," as they say, in which the bogs are situated, as compared to their own hilly region. The first contingent arrived in Boston September 3, having en- trained from Paintsville. They had been recruited by the Ken- tucky agents and given physical examinations, including blood tests and an innoculation against ty- phoid. Incidentally, one of the reasons why no more came North was because many balked at the prospect of the innoculation needle at the health center. A part of the first group, 34, went to the United Cape Coo Cran- berry Company bogs, where Carl B. Urann says they have proven very satisfactory, his only crit- icism being the youth of the workers. They were placed be- side experienced workers the first day, and in an hour or two were "scooping like veterans." Here, some of the "knee trouble" was prevented by providing the men with knee coverings from the very start. The remaincer of the group went to the Century Bog of L. B. R. Barker, where Mr. Barker quar- tered them in the small cement houses which have been maintained for workers in the past, and pro- vided efficient eating quarters in the basement of the modern Cen- tury screenhouse. He bought and installed a big hotel-type range, erected counters and shelves, in- stalled two electric refrigerations and erected a long table with benches, where the meals were served. The cooking here is done by Mrs. Jerry Coombs and her husband, who live at Hazzards, have travelled widely, and are ex- perienced in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Coombs are an interesting couple, like it fine in the Cape cranberry area, and hope things will work out so they can come back again. In the main, Mr. Bar- ker says he is enjoying having this Kentucky help, and mostly they have taken hold quickly and very well. Ninety-two arrived in the second and final batch a week later, and were given the first day to become established, starting picking Sat- urday, the 11th. The larger part of this group is quartered at the former King Philip Inn in Lake- ville, specially equipped for them, and from here the New England Sales Company and individual growers are drawing their quotas. Some growers transport their own help daily, while others are taken in Sales Company trucks. These men are being used by George Cowen, Joseph R. Turner at the Betty's Neck bog, chiefly, and by Harrison Goddard of Plymouth, George I. Short of Island Creek, John B. Howes and A. D. Benson i^ -^^H ^^^H J : • • of Middleboro. None were as- signed to the Slocum-Gibbs Com- pany, as planned, as the number was so limited, and Ruel Gibbs has sufficient help. Two women cooks with their husbands are doing the cooking here, Mrs. Sylvia Odium and Mrs. Wilda Harmon, and there is a third woman, Mrs. Frank Spaving, who accompanied her husband to do bog work. In charge of the group is Clif- ford Lovell, who has been ap- pointed a Lakeville special officer. The rest of this contingent went to the A. D. Makepeace Company and are quartered at the Tihonet club at Tihonet, near the larger Makepeace bogs. In speaking of their work, Maurice Makepeace corroborates the others in saying that they are "doing very well" as cranberry workers. They started picking as a unit by themselves on the "New Bumpus" bogs. The pickers, with the hard, out- door work, have healthy appetites and are especially partial to what they call "hog meat," ham, smoked .shoulders, pork chops now and then. At first they wanted johnny cake, but soon grew to be big eat- ers of white bread. It was said at the Barker bog they could eat a loaf of white bread a day indi- vidually and wanted to drink about three quarts of milk. The work has allowed them suf- ficient time to take trips, and some of them have taken bus rides to various towns. At the Lake- ville camp, entertainments have been gotten up for them on week (Continued on Page 12) Seven The Sand of Time UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS EVERY MINUTE COUNTS The sand of time is running out for the Axis, or what is left of the Axis. And every minute counts for us to do everything to hasten the day when the last grain of resistance of the enemy shall have run out. We must not relax in vigilance or curtail our efforts to help in the myriad ways we on the home front can. Cranberry growers, by making every minute count and bend- ing every effort, have produced a crop of cranberries which is helping to fill a shortage in healthful fruit for which the public is hungry. We must not now relax in getting that crop to market, and in beginning planning for next year's production. The bond drive is over, but we can still buy MORE BONDS. This is the seventeenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals. POTTER & SON Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin ROY M. POTTER A. C. Bennett & Son Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Cranberry Lake Development Company Phillips, Wisconsin ALBERT HEDLER, Pres. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass, ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF OCTOBER, 1943 Vol. 8 - No. 6 ly *;J^oHAtCM«e£«nrAt„^^ KENTUCKIANS APPRECIATED AS it has turned out, Massachusetts growers did not need the extra harvest help from Kentucky very badly. But the efforts to obtain "imported" labor — war prisoners first being considered, then Ba- hamians and Jamaicans, soldier help, and local and city volunteers — seemed very necessary when the picking season was approaching. As the harvest loomed nearer it looked as if the needed help would not materialize — but when cran- berry picking time came so did the pickers. Growers would not have been exercising good foresight if they had not made a united effort to make certain the crop was gotten in without loss. A nerve-wracking amount of work was done by County Agent J. T. Brown, the Cranberry Labor Com- mittee, and County Agent Bertram Tom- linson and his committee on the Cape, and growers went to some unnecessary expense to provide quarters for the expected im- ported help. While the end didn't justify the work, as it has developed, it was bet- ter, far better, to be on the safe side. Then, too. the importance of the cranberry harvest received a great deal of publicity, and this publicity probably played a part in causing the old experienced workers to show up — that and higher rates of harvest pay. Also some of this experienced Ken- tucky labor may, it appears, be eager to come back again in future years, if needed. THAT Exchange opening price of $17.00 a barrel for Blacks, in the first few weeks of the selling season seems to have met with good acceptance by the trade. Higher than last year as it is, people are eating more. There is a fruit scarcity and cranberries are helping fill this void. With the national income so high the ra- tion book is about the only limit on what people can afford to pay for food. They have the price to pay for what they want and can get. This increase in selling price reflects greatly increased costs of produc- ing cranberries, as every grower knows, particularly when he makes out his pay- roll. He has known this all season. Now with picking wages at present levels, a bar- rel of cranberries ready for shipment rep- resents a very considerable outlay in in- vestment, to say nothing of the inordinate amount of worry and hard work required Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton. N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D, CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J, FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application to have produced that barrel. Then, too, it is a sad fact that bogs have begun to deteriorate, due largely to labor scarcity, and growers will need reserves after the war to restore their properties and keep production at levels which had been in- creasing. Comparing the price and size of crop of this war with the last we can only draw the conclusion that the cranberry industry has, at least, kept pace with the growth of the nation. In 1917, '18 and '19 there were crops of 295,000, 351,700 and 556,- 000, and prices were in the range of $10.39, $8.88. down to $7.86. Last year's crop was 813,000, as now revised, and the average Exchange price $13.48, and this j'^ear's August Government estimate was for 727,600 barrels, which may or may not prove to be the final figure, but is appar- ently not far, if any, off. Nine New England Sales Company Holds Annual Fall Meeting Sept. 7 Smaller Attendance as Pick- ing Had Begun — Growers Told No Transportation Troubles Expected — For Advertising. Eight Cents A Quarter Tuesday, September 7, was a perfect picking day, although tem- peratures ranged rather high, and a good many growers chose to at- tend to their bogs rather than at- tend the annual fall meeting of the New England Cranberry Sales Company at Carver Town Hall, but those that were there heard developing cranberry news which was encouraging, particularly concerning the expectation of a good price and that tests showed the 1943 crop as probably of ex- cellent quality. Those growers who did attend, and the number had been aug- mented somewhat by the time luncheon was served, enjoyed plenty of fine chicken pie, as a larger number had been provided for, ice cream, and the "first" cranberry sauce of the 1943 crop. This was from Black Vail berries just picked, made and contributed by Ellis D. Atwood. In brief opening remarks. Pres- ident Ruel S. Gibbs said these are times when there are definitely things we do know and definitely things we do not know, and one of the things the growers did not know then was what the opening price of berries would be, but the crop had cost more to pi'oduce and the growing had encountered many difficulties. But, he said, he felt sure the price would be a profit- able and satisfactory one, and the growers, when the harvest was over, could heave a sigh of relief in the knowledge that they had done a good job of producing a successful crop under the most trying circumstances. C. M. CHANEY C. M. Chaney, general manager of the American Cranberry Ex- change, brought up the matter of opening price, saying in part: "An opening or starting price that is too high, that is not justi- fied by economic conditions and one that cannot be sustained, serves to disrupt the stability of the whole industry. There may be some who think that an industry as well organized as are the cran- berry growers can ask or demand any price they see fit or any price they may desire. Such is not true, even this year. "Some growers and shippers of other perishable commodities have very recently found this out to their sorrow. "Your management considers it their duty to assemble all the data possible that will be helpful in de- termining what the consumer, who by the way is our final customer, will pay and consume the entire crop within the period that it should be consumed. Also what margin of profit will be sufficiently attractive to the dealers, both wholesale and retail, to cause them to take a real interest in handling and pushing cranberries. Right here I wish to risk the opinion that there are few commodities that the dealers, particularly the wholesalers, handle on a less per- centage of profit than cranberries — having in mind the small volume of the cranberry business in com- parison with most other commod- ities handled by these people. "Over a period of many years the trace has learned to have con- fidence in our industry, confidence in our starting price, and confi- dence in our ability to sustain and stabilize the market. "Such confidence is a valuable asset and one that we have been years in building, and sometimes I wonder if we fully appreciate or realize its value. "I hope you won't get the idea by this that I mean we should start the price on Early Blacks too low so that the market will advance sharply to the advantage of the buyer and possibly to the advan- tage of any non-cooperative grow- ers who might hold for such an advance. The processing of cran- berries has now developed to the extent of making such procedure unnecessary, especially this year. "The Trade, i. e., our distribu-, tors, have learned that the cran- berry market cannot be, or at least is not cornered by any one specu- lator or combination of specula- tors, but that they can handle cranberries with a reasonable as- surance of a fair margin of profit and not too big a chance of heavy losses. We want to keep that con- fidence. "Fresh cranberries should sell this season at very satisfactory prices and by comparison still be one of the cheap fruits on the market." A. D. BENSON A. D. Benson, general manager of the Sales Company, said esti- mates from members didn't quite make up to the Government esti- mate of 495,000 for Massachusetts, and (at that time) he personally believed the crop would be nearer 475,000. These divided about 58 per cent Blacks, 35 per cent Howes, with other varieties mak- ing up the balance. Of this crop it was expected the Sales Com- pany would handle about 320,000, less in proportion than last year, as a larger proportion of the crop this year is on the lower Cape, which was not the case last year. He told the members that not necessarily 50 per cent of each grower's crop would go to Cran- berry Canners, but all canners' berries would be handled through the Middleboro office, depending upon the quality. All of one man's crop might go to the canners, he said, and none of another might be sent, the price difference being evened up in the pool at the end of the season. The part of Mr. Benson's re- marks heard with greatest inter- est and relief was that dealing with the keeping quality of the crop, as it appeared to be devel- ' oping from incubator tests which had been made at the Tremont packing house. Twelve of these tests had been made, he said, and it appeared the crop would be of "excelf;ent" quality, plossibly the "best ever." Of these twelve lots of berries, eight showed no decay T«« at all, which was remarkable. These tests consist of keeping the berries at a temperature of 98 decrees for a week, which has been figured as about the equiva- ler;' of a month of storage, or of holding somewhere in the process of marketing. The size, he said, would not be p.s large as last year, but the ber- ries would be of more uniform size, apparently. There would be more small berries, and pies, or small berries, woul: run to surely eight and possibly ten per cent of the crop. E. C. McGREW Between 60,000 and 75,000 bar- rels of fresh fruit would probably be taken for the army on domes- tic soil, E. C. McGrew, assistant general manager, said, and fresh berries would figure on the menus of soldiers not overseas two or three times each month for the months of October, November, December and January, he had been informed by army officials. These would be bought in various ways, not all in large purchases, tut some by individual purchases for individual camps. No trouble was anticipated in shipping this fall, he said, except that growers must be prepared to promptly fill the cars when they were made available, and he ad- vised the "Benson, system" of stripping to provide adequate ven- tilation, as rail shipments would be expected to take a day or two longer on long trips than in nor- mal times. He said the railroads had assured him of all cooperation possible, and he was certain this would be forthcoming, as the rail- roads have built up a fine reputa- tion for efficient wartime service and were making every effort to see that this is not injured. Most berries going to New York would be by truck, he said. M. L. URANN M. L. Urann, president of Cran- berry Canners, Inc., said it now seemed probable that the Govern- ment would take 225,000 barrels in dehydrated form of the antic- ipated order of intent for processed fruit. Whether the Government would take the difference of 75,000 between 225,000 and 300,000 bar- rels previously considered, was not known at that time, he said. However, he further said, it had been necessary for Cranberry Canners to be prepared to provide any amount the Government might decide upon, and this had been done. The Government, he said, was playing a more import- ant part in the picture of pro- cessed foods than in the fresh fruit market. J. C. MAKEPEACE Eight cents for each quarter- barrel box, instead of the 12 cents last year, had been decided upon as the proper amount to spend for advertising this year, J. C. Makepeace, chairman of the ad- vertising committee, reported. The sum of $150,000 had been voted last year, but only $135,000 spent, whereas it was planned to spend $75,000 and that probably all of this would be used. A great deal of money had been spent to make the trade and public familiar with the EATMOR trademark, Mr. Makepeace said, and this valuable asset should not be lost through a lack of some advertising this year because of exceptional con- ditions. "It is essential that we maintain the value of our trade- mark," he said. Advertising will appear in "This Week,", "Amer- ican Weekly," and "Woman's Day," and there will be no cut in publicity expenditures nor in streamers, banners, or other "regular" advertising mediums. Reference was made to the tur- key crop, which is as large as last year, and it was pointed out that it was not expected the Govern- ment "freeze" of the crop until the armed forces had been sup- plied would have any adverse ef- fect upon the cranberry market. Anyway, it was said, turkeys are not playing as important part in the consumption of cranberries, as sauce is now being eaten more with other meats. The meeting lasted about two hours and was followed by a meeting of the directors to which all members were invited to re- main, and after that came the dinner, the entire proceedings be- ing over by early afternoon. About 80 were present at the meeting. An Economist Talks On the Cranberry Price By A. F. WOLF Crop and Price Analyst Of Hills Bros. Co. Editor's Note — The following is the continuation of the talk by Mr. Wolf at the Annual Meeting of Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. (Continued from last month) Major Factors Determining the Price of Cran)berries After these introductory re- marks we will turn our attention to the cranberry price and see what factors really c etermine this price. Let us start with the determinant commonly referred to as the sup- ply. This supply has in the period from 1900-1941 been equal to an annually produced average quan- tity of 525,507 barrels. But such a figure tells us very little as a price determinant because of the wide range involved. 271,000 bar- rels in 1905 ano 877,300 barrels in 1937 and because of the increase in the population from 77 millions in 1900 to 132.6 millions in 1941. In terms of the trend the annual supply increased from 1900 to about 1917 or 1918. It remained constant after those years until about 1936. After that year we observe again an upward trend. Figures such as these are not use- ful for analytical purposes, how- ever; we must get the supply in terms of per capita supply and differentiate further such per cap- ita supply (1) in terms of the primary and secondary outlets and (2) relative to the equalization of market supplies. The per capita supply if taken by itself indicates a per capita amount of between .29 and .68 pounds. This per cap- ita supply increased from 1900 to about the end of the first World War and declined steadily after- wards until about 1936 in which year in terms of the long term trend it was again at a level iden- tical with that of 1900. The per capita supply increased again since 1936. If we apply the first differenti- ation, namely that of the primary and secondary outlet, we find that an increasing percentage of the total per capita supply found its way to the canneries and other processors. In the year 1941 roughly 45% of the total crop was thus diverted. The second differentiation in the process of getting an accurate picture of the effect of the total supply is that which we must make Eleven as the result of the shifting of market supplies from one season to the next. This shifting has the tendency of cutting down the total per capita supply in one season and raising it in the next. Some 200,000 barrels were thus taken out of the 1937 crop and shifted into the 1938 and 1939 seasons. This process is going on every year now. Into some years not more may, of course, be carried over than is going to be taken out, so that the total per capita market supply will remain the same in those years. Demand is the other factor which is mentioned in popular discussions as a price determinant. We must distinguish roughly three different types of demand or make three sub-classifications. The demand can be stationary, in which in- stance people take the same quan- tity at a specific price at all times. Such situations are very i-are, we have not experienced them with cranberries so far. Secondly, we speak of that varying type of de- mand which is a result of the changes in the purchasing power, as determined by changes in the national income. These changes have in the past been very great. In 1889 the national income was $10,701,000,000; in 1900, $16,158,- 000,000, while in 1916 it was $38,- 739,000,000. Throughout this period the de- mand for cranberries increased steadily. The national income in- creased further in the 1920c, but declined again to 45 billions in 1933 after it had been in the neighborhood of 80 billions. Like- wise did the demand for cranber- ries move up and down. With the upward movement of the national income during the last 8 years the demand for cranberries increased again. This demand is still in- creasing because the national in- come is still going up. By No- vember-December it will roughly be twice the 1928-29 figure. The third type of demand which must be mentioned is that move- ment which is referred to as a spe- cific trend in demand which results from a change in the scale of con- sumer preferences. One of the most outstanding examples of this type is that observed on citrus fruits where we find in addition to the changes in demand as the result of increasing consumer in- come that steady upward trend over a period of some twenty years or so, which indicates that people ate more and more oranges and grapefruit on account of an in- creasing preference for these fruits. Such a special trend of demand is absent in the cranberry price structure. Some people ap- parently were of the opinion that the demand for cranberries during the twenties indicated such a spec- Twelve ial upward trend in demand. They thought of it in terms of the ef- fect of advertising. This is not so, what was experienced then was nothing but the effect of the national income or the purchasing power, respectively. To illustrate: In 1933 the price was down at the level of 1916 again, which would not have been the case had there been developed a special upward trend in the demand for cranber- ries during the twenties. There are two more factors which play a role in the price of cranberries. These are the No- vember temperature and the per cent of the total crop which is represented by Early Blacks. The significance of both factors will briefly be discussed later. There is oftentimes mentioned the ele- ment of competitive products, such as apples, for instance. It seems that wherever such statements ap- pear they were based on very superficial observation. The econ- ometric analysis does not indicate any immediate competition be- tween cranberries and other fruits. Cranberries fall under the general category of the occasional pur- chase product, in which instance the competition is of a different type in comparison with those pro- ducts which are bought by the housewife at least once a week. In the instance of the occasional purchase, price consciousness is not of such a high degree as in the case of the daily or weekly pur- chase. Associated therewith is the small per cent consumer outlay which is another favorable ele- ment within the competitive set- ting of cranberries. (Continued in next issue) Kentucky Workers (Continued from Page 7) ends. Raymond Morse and his "Cranberry" Quartette" have sung for them; Albert Thomas of the Rocky Meadow Cranberry Com- pany has shown his movies, and there have been pick-up orchestras and some have provided their own "mountain music" for dancing. The Kentuckians say they can make more money picking cran- berries than they can in getting in tobacco. The Government con- tract calls for the prevailing wage and in any case not less than 60 cents an hour, and they must be employed 60 per ~cent of the two months they will spend here. One dollar a day is deducted from their pay for quarters and meals, and quarters and eating arrangements must have passed Government in- spection. Each group has a man and wife in general charge, but on the bogs they are under regular bog foremen. Some are paid by the box. This writer saw quite a bit of the Kentuckians and talked with them a good deal and thoroughly enjoyed meeting them — and com- ments of employing growers show they too have gained from the ex- perience and liked these Kentuck- ians, and the experiment may have some possibilities in follow- ing years. The extreme imma- turity of most, which the growers particularly did not want, and the small troublesome element to be found in any large group, continue the greatest criticism of the growers. Demand Brisk (Continued from Pa£e 4) mand, but also of confidence in our opening prices and our ability to sustain them, and, beyond that, confidence in the industry. Not only are carload orders liberal, but customers seem unusually anxious for arrival of their first cars, no doubt figuring that cranberries will appeal to the very large per- centage of the consuming public who have money to spend for something good to eat and also give the dealers a new or an addi- tional commodity to handle at a time when they are in real need of such. This alone no doubt will continue to be an important factor towards helping the sale of fresh cranberries." Considerable shipments were made before the Exchange price was announced, and the market was good at the time of opening, berries at distributing points bringing $5.00, although the Bos- ton market was about $4.25, a lit- tle lower as usual. The first car to reach Chicago arrived there September 9 and was from Beaton Agency, handled by Gridley, Max- on & Co., which reported the car met ready sale. Screenhouse labor in Massachu- setts is extremely tight. For one thing there is an unfavorable dif- ferential between what scoopers by the box and those scooping at high hourly rates can make a day and the pay for other cranberry labor. This situation may be expected to ease up as the all-important matter of getting the berries off is accomplished, and growers can di- vert more of their regular and other help from actual harvesting toward getting the crop screened, packed and shipped. But as Sep- tember went out the real bottle- neck of the harvest season had developed between the point the berries left the vines and were loaded in the cars for shipment. As concerns Government orders for fresh cranberries at the time Mr. Chaney said in his notice to members (Sept. 22) he had been advised of no change in the esti- mate of approximately 78,000 bar- rels which it was expected would be needed for the armed forces on American soil. All purchases of fresh cranberries are made by the Government as and when they are needed, and mostly through reg- ular channels of trace. It was his guess, however, that requirements during November and December would be liberal, as fresh cran- berries are listed several times in army master menus. Government Orders (Continued from Page 4) master says it still wants dehy- drated and processed cranberries for the armed forces, but is cut- ting its order in favor of civilian demands. It may prove, Canners continues, that the present cut is only temporary, and if the civilian supply becomes equalized the cranberry order may be rein- stated. This cut does not affect Cran- berry Canners' ability to handle berries of members, Canners states, and to take care of the larger quantity of cranberries which has been released Canners has made a request for additional containers, which is believed will be granted, and what berries are not required by the Government will be sold to civilians in one form or another. In the mean- time canning and dehydrating lines have begun operation on this fall's crop. A Tribute to Horace B. Maglathlin Horace B. Maglathlin, who died March 7, 194.3 in Florida, where he had spent his winters for a number of years, removed from the ranks of New England cran- berry growers one of the oldest and most active of its members. The following is a tribute to his Tiiemory: Mr. Maglathlin was well known by all the old-time cranberry grow- ers. While he had sold most of his larger bogs, he maintained an active interest in the industry as a whole, and though he had passed his 91st birthday, operated his bogs under his direct management to the time of his death, and pi'o- duced last season one of the larg- est crops for many years. Mr. Maglathlin was a tack maker by trade, but over sixty years ago became interested in cranberry growing and began building bogs. He built many of the larger, successful bogs in this, the Kingston section of Plymouth county. Mr. Maglathlin was a native of Kingston and spent the greater part of his life there. Some years ago he built a home in Mount Dora, Florida, and laid out the grounds in flowers and shrubbery, making it one of the most beau- tiful estates in the city. He plant- ed several orange groves and took great pleasure in sending choice citrus fruits to his friends in the north. Mr. Maglathlin was a good neighbor and a kind friend. No one was ever turned away who came to him for help. His charities were countless, but none knew of them except those whom he helped, the work- man who could not keep up his in- surance, the widow who could not pay her hospital bill, the child who required extra milk, the fam- ily about to be turned out because they could not pay an impatient landlord, the colored man who could not register his truck, the colored family who could not get fifty dollars' worth of lumber to repair their house without a backer"; these and innumerable others have known the ready and unfailing kindness of Horace B. Maglathlin. He is greatly missed by all who knew him. Cranberry Canners Urges Gathering Of All Floats Is Giving Special Service, To Conserve All Berries Pos- sible. Cranberry Canners, Inc., this year is placing special emphasis upon its service for gathering floats, pointing out its prices for sound floats, after cleaning and sorting, are the same as for other berries, and that every berry which can be gathered this year is dou- bly important because of the un- usual wartime demand for all foods. Canners has a "float" crew organized to use the Harrison Float Boat, developed several years ago, and this service is available to members. To use this, bogs must be flooded to a depth of 16 inches above the vines. The careful gathering of floats has greatly increased in recent years with the use of this type of recovery boat and other devices by individual growers, and this is becoming of material importance in increasing the total of berries utilized each year. Floats have always been gathered from flooded bogs by hand net to some degree, and for growers who cannot flood to a 16-inch depth the Canners float crew will be available to as Thirteen many as can be serviced. The need of eliminating all waste in the crop this year is im- perative, as oi'ders, both by the Government and by civilians, give every indication of making up a total cranberry demand which even the big crop this year will not be able to fill. Picking Machines (Continued from Page 5) A machine which has proven very interesting is that of George I. Short of Island Creek. He has designed a picker which, it is hoped, will solve the vital problem of eliminating the bothersome vine runners from the teeth of the machine while picking. Mr. Short intends to continue experimenta- tion and will devote a part of his time during the coming winter to- ward perfecting his model and hopes to have a more definite de- velopment in 1944. An Oregon letter from John Nielson of Bandon says he was ready to try out his machine to de- termine if it would work or not, and would attempt to eliminate any "bugs" which might develop under actual picking conditions. Making a picking machine is a "pretty illusive thing," Mr. Nielson admits. "Nevertheless," he concludes, "I am still of the opinion that some- one is going to whip the picking of cranberries with machinery." That, also, is the opinion of others who are giving most thought to the problem— that if a machine generally satisfactory does not de- velop from the picking machine experiments of this fall, as it may, and possibly in more than one in- stance, there will eventually evolve one or more satisfactory mechan- ical picking devices. More information may be avail- able as experiments progress this fall. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Paee 4) scooper has brought in as many as 100 boxes in one day. Good, steady pickers can make $12. $15 or more in good picking. Some Fourteen who are paying a quarter for a measure picked by snap are giving out the quarters as the measures are brought in, and some snappers have made up to $30 and $35 a day with the snap machines. TIReal Start Sept. 6, 7— While pre- liminary, desultory picking on new vines, chiefly by hand, began the week of August 23, and this pick- ing grew in volume the following week, the big day of generally go- ing full blast was Labor Day, Sept. 6, and the following day. Picking at this period of the season was delayed more than the growers liked by misty mornings and several days in which drizzling rain prevented any picking. Some days the sun was too hot to do the berries any good, well into the 80's being reported on the 7th, and the 9th was also a hot day. lIFirst Frost "Scare"— Growers put in a couple of worrisome nights September 12 and 13, with tem- peratures hovering too close around the danger point for them to sleep well. No warning was sent out either night by Dr. Franklin, this being partly in view of the critical water shortage and mainly because his figures did not justify alarming the growers into using water unnecessarily. On the 12th there was a little frost at the Lowell Cranberry Company in Middlesex County and water was run for an hour or so on to pro- tect green Howes at one area. A reading of 25 was reached in "the cold spot." The following night Dr. Franklin figured 28 would be reached, and several did report that figure, one grower at West Wareham turning in a 26. It was 33 at the State Bog. Probably no damage was done, although an occasional berry might have been softened. But the water problem did, and does, have the growers very uneasy. TIFirst Frost — The first frost warn- ing for and the first frost aid arrive on the morning of Sunday, Sept. 19, the night before Dr. Franklin having sent out his forecast of 24 to 25 degrees. Twenty-four was reached at at least one bog, the Morse bog in Sharon, but the average was perhaps 26, most re- ports running from 25 up to 28. Scattering damage was done on light berries here and there, but loss was almost negligible as a whole. Some growers used some water, but many used little, if any at all, as water supplies are so dangerously low. Some growers say that ponds and reservoirs are as low as they have ever seen them. Growers were forced for this reason to play much closer to possible danger than they enjoyed. ^Second Frost — The second frost warning went out on Sunday even- ing, Sept. 26th, with the evening forecast of Dr. Franklin being 23. There were reports of about 24 being reached, but pi"obably there was no damage. One result, how- ever, was certainly to make grow- ers more anxious than ever to get the berries off in the face of the continued water scarcity and the none too plentiful and often none too experienced help situation. TiBlacks Hold Up — As September picking drew to a close there was no definite estimate of the size of the Massachusetts crop available, but the best guess is that the Blacks will have pretty well come up to estimate, which was about 57-58 per cent of the crop. It doesn't look as if the crop as a whole would run over any, and may fall nearer the estimate of the New England Sales company of about 475,000 barrels rather than the August expectation of 495,000. Many growers were too busy getting the berries in to have figured on the size of the crop very closely. Some growers found Blacks fully up to estimate, while others did not. On the whole the Blacks were of medium size and generally of very good quality. Some have been very small indeed, yet many growers have had ber- ries of exceptional size and qual- ity, "beautiful Blacks." There was some side rot, as might be ex- pected. HCape Crop Up — Plymouth County apparently did not go over esti- mate, perhaps being a little un- der; but Barnstable is coming through perhaps with 100,000 and specializing in CRANBERRY TOOLS & EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS Purchasers for Cranberry Canners, Inc., United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, and many other Cranberry Growers. Fair Prices. Hanson Hardware Company David Clemons, Manager ROUTE 27 HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS this will keep the Massachusetts figure up. This will be the third successive year — even though last year was smaller — that the Cape will have a crop far and away above average, the best three years in a good long while if not the best three ever. HHowes a Question — Howes are not expected to run over estimates at all and in fact may be under, and perhaps they will not prove to be of such good size as have much of the Early Blacks. In general, at the end of September, the opinion of Dr. Franklin and others best in position to know is that the Massachusetts production will certainly not be over August estimate, with the chances on the somewhat under side. 110 thousand barrels, rather than 100 thousand, as of August gov- ernment estimate. This increase in prospect came about largely through exceptionally fine grow- ing weather in late August. Ber- ries in general seem of good size and color, in fact the color is better than last year. By Sep- tember 22 some of the smaller growers had already finished hai-- vesting and at that time about 40 per cent of the crop had been har- vested. WISCONSIN Wp to 110,000 Bbls. Expected— As September drew to a close the crop indicated it was coming up to the revised estimate of Vernon Goldsworthy of between 105 and UHelp is Sufficient — Help situation is not as good as last year, but not extremely critical, as many Wis- consin growers were fearing a few months ago. About everybody is getting by without too much diflR- culty. Wage scale varies widely, depending upon individual condi- tions, some picking by box and some by hour. A general average wage by the hour would be pretty close to 80 cents an hour, although some are paying higher. tory by early September, as Golds- worthy reported there were enough quarters in Wisconsin at that time to take care of the entire 1943 crop, as well as a part of the an- ticipated 1944 production. Many growers had already taken theirs for 1944. The only hitch appar- ent would be in delay by the grow- er in ordering, as delivery, like everything else, is slow and un- certain. Growers were urged to order their boxes two or three weeks before delivery date. All berries were weighed this year and will be paid for on this basis. nBuy Quick Lunch— The Central Cranberry Company recently pur- chased the equipment of a quick lunch at Wisconsin Rapids and in- stalled this equipment at the marsh at Cranmoor. There lunch- es were served for the company help and to others in the Cranmoor area who wished. TfBoxes Satisfactory — The box sit- uation appeared entirely satisfac- HGerry Getzin Grower — Gerry Getzin of Wisconsin Rapids has recently purchased a marsh built by his father-in-law, F. F. Mengel, FiftcMI near Nekoosa, and has been taken in as a member of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company. WASHINGTON TISunny Growing Days Few — There were several rains during August, which was rather unusual, topping off a peculiar season which had less than a dozen sunny days the whole growing season. Worm injury, both fireworm and fruit- worm, was very light, even though growers operated with substitute sprays. TlFall "Summer" — As September advanced the Washington growers began to get their "summer" wea- ther, and it looked as if the season was going to be unusual right through to the end. There will be a much larger per cent of pie ber- ries than usual. Small berries with four or five seeds indicate poor pollination, and there were lots of this type of berry this year. TfLack of Sunshine — Although sun- shine was at a minimum in total hours this season, it being the most most cloudy in 22 years. Dr. D. J. Crowley, Washington state cran- berry specialist, does not feel it will have any effect upon next year's crop, as he feels conditions on the West Coast are totally dif- ferent from those on Cape Cod. In Massachusetts Dr. Franklin calls the amount of sunshine cur- ing the spring and summer season one of the main factors in the crop of the following year. In fact, this fall Washington terminal buds are probably better than nor- mal. Washington always has an abundance of fruit buds and if the bogs are in bloom so that berries are all set by the 4th of July there is generally a good crop. For some reason, later bloom does not set nearly as well. TIHarvest Late — By the first of September a crop estimate from census of growers was from 130,- 000 to 140,000 quarter barrel box- es. The labor situation looked black, with the probabilities that few hand pickers would be avail- able. Scooping was resorted to, although on the West Coast grow- ers do not like to scoop the Mc- Farlin variety, as it is not a good scooper. Several seasons during the past twenty years it has been possible to start harvesting Early Blacks the last week in August, but this year the berries were not ready, and general harvesting did not start until about September 25. The price set for scoopers is $10.00 per day, which is rather less than most defense plants in the neighborhood average UBull Elks Cause Havoc — Biggest excitement in Washington on the cranberry bogs lately apparently was the invasion of a band of elk, a few on the bogs in the Grayland section — notably the Williams and Miller bogs. Finally the growers lost patience with the big bulls, who were doing a lot of damage, going after them and eliminating four or five of them. suited in blasting of the bloom and the set of fruit was not anywhere near expectations. From the time of setting extremely hot, dry wea- ther prevailed. Some sections re- ported practically no rain fell for more than a month. In sections where water was inadequate for irrigations there was appreciable damage. Lack of adequate and skilled labor was serious in many areas. Due to this, spraying was necessarily delayed and curtailed, and this resulted in greater than normal insect injury. TlBerries Soun*;" — The lack of mois- ture resulted at many bogs in smaller berries, but it produced sounder berries in most bogs, with rot not so prevalent as a year ago. NEW JERSEY HWeather Was Bad— Drought was the biggest cause for the de- crease in the crop from the early cheerful prospects — that and an unfortunate combination of cir- cumstances. Growing conditions following the drawing of the win- ter weather were relatively favor- able and the blossoming prospects appeared bright. However, wea- ther during the blossoming timt turned unfavorable, in some sec- tions the heavy rain, just at ti:e time of setting, was c amaging and this was followed generally by a long, hot spell. These factors re- OREGON JiSize of Berries — Size of the ber- ries was helped materially by two heavy rains in August, and by the first of September berries were ripening fast, hastened along by cool nights. The days were clear, free from a smoky overcast which has been prevalent in late summer, as special vigilance this year had done much to cut down big woods fires. AniBHS-Tilier WIDTHS ARIENS CO. eRILLION, WIS Best for the Purpose CRANBERRY BOXES MADE FROM NATIVE WHITE PINE Grown and Manufactured Here F. H. COLE Established 1707 MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS NORTH CARVER, MASS. Tel. 46-5 Sixteen To the Cranberry Growers We are purchasing- berries of the 1943 crop through our Cape Cod Representative, The Beaton Distributing Agency, and we suggest that you get in touch with our Representative. MINOT FOOD PACKERS INC This Is the 37th Marketing Season of the American Cranberry Exchange Eat m or . Cranberries The Cranberry Business, both the growing and the selling, is not a one season or one year business. In most cases the grower has made a permanent investment. A ''Permanent Industry" cannot remain per- manent without stability. The cranberry in- dustry has stability and has gained and maintained that stability by sensible and WISE COOPERATION. COOPERATION is the keynote to Success, not only this year, but next year and in the future years. American Cranberry Exchange Chicago New York 'RESENTING AN $8,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY r^i?i * ^^•T\OHALCRANBERRVM>ie^^,^^ \?E COD EW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON ROY M. POTTER ovember, 1943 20 cents THANKSGIVING has always meant a great deal to Americans who are imbued with the traditions of freedom and democracy of the New England Colonists. Cranberries have also meant a great deal in this holiday, even in this year of war. We are thankful, with the cooperation of our member growers, to have played a part in the distribution of the cranberry crop. BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Mass. M i In this War Year of 1943 we can be thankful that we have achieved so much toward Victory in the past twelve months. Our cause has advanced tre- mendously. We can be thankful that American agriculture, of which we are a unit, was able to produce so bountifully. We can be thankful that achievement of production in our own field has not failed, for cranberries have always been an integral part of the feast of Thanksgiving. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Since September 1, 1943 . • . 35 new members have joined Cranberry Canners, Inc. A silent testimonial to growers' increasing confidence in this canning cooperative. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwiclv, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Coquille, Ore. Markham. Wash. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Bank of Bandon Bandon, Oregon Serving Coos and Curry Counties Since 1904 The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES and Printing Supplies for Cranberry Growers Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin Boxes, Box Shooks, Crating Wirebound Boxes and Crates M & M's 64th Year SERVING THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES, Prop.) Wareham, Mass. PUMPS ARE SUBJECT TO QUOTA Make Your Plans Now for Cranberry Bog Pumps for Fall and Winter Repairs are a good winter job Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO, PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND Attention Cranberry Growers!! We Must Have Logs for Your Boxes Next Season Cvit and deliver every possible log this winter Contact Your Box Manufacturer At Once Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Mass. Tel. 10-4 F. H. Cole North Carver, Mass. Tel. 54-3 Most of Kentuckians Cone Home from Cape Area "They Got Work Done Which Otherwise Would Not Have Been Done" — Some Remaining for Af- ter Harvest Work. Eastern Kentucky farm laborers have come to Massachusetts, as- sisted in harvesting the crop and in doing other cranberry work which otherwise could scarcely have been accomplished, and have now mostly returned to their homes. They left with consider- able cash money, as many of them saved much of their pay — although others did not — and a considerable amount of clothing they pur- chased while in the Cape region, rhey mostly left a pleasant feeling with the Massachusetts cranberry growers, although the "ten per 3ent" of their numbers caused a number of headaches for the growers. This "ten per cent" of undesirables, the growers realize, Iwould have been present in any group of men, and in fact a good deal of this "undesirability" was due to the extreme youth of the group which made up approximate- ly 75 per cent. There were a few troubles, it must be admitted, in- cluding one serious stabbing. However, the best test is that most of the growers who had this help would have kept the men over longer if the majority of them would have remained, and some of them are, in fact, staying over. The United Cape Cod Cran- berry Company is retaining a few for work around Hanson this fall and for work on the 1,000 acre bog project of Mr. Urann there, and a few are remaining at Wareham for work in the Ocean Spray cannery at Onset. One man has returned to bring his family up with him. The camp at the King Phillip Inn at Lakeville where the largest group was quartered, would have been maintained for a longer while if a sufficient number had been willing to stay. These were employed chiefly by George A. Cowen, Joseph Turner, ( A. D. Ben- son, and others, who were satisfied in general with the experiment. Maurice Makepeace of the A. D. Makepeace Company said the camp at Tihonet where the Makepeace Kentuckians were staying would probably have been continued into the winter if enough had wanted to remain to justify the expense of the camp. However, when colder weather came on and the picking ended, a majority of the Kentuckians felt for one reason or another they had better return to their families and homes. The larger part of the group left Middleboro October 20th although there was no complete group departure as there were group arrivals, the Kentuckians leaving at different times. Most of the group employed by Mr. Barker at the Century bog (Continued on Pace 11) Three Issue of November, 1943 — Vol. 8, No. 7 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Tf465,000 to 475,000 Barrels?— As check-ups of the number of barrels picked in Massachusetts this fall are being made, opinion appears unanimous that the crop will fall short of earlier estimate of 495,000 barrels. A check-up by the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany shows about a seven or eight per cent shortage in Howes, as has been more or less anticipated for several weeks. Estimate of the Company now would probably be a little less than the 475,000 esti- mate of Mr. Benson at the start of the season. Most individual and unofficial estimates now set the crop at about 465,000, some even running down to 455,000. ULittle Water for Floats— October continvied extremely dry until the latter part when there was heavy rain the week of October 25, but water was so short that not as many floaters could be gathered as could be hoped for. Labor also entered into this, of course. How- ever, a good many floaters have been gathered and turned in to the canners, but the fact of the ex- treme water plus labor shortage, cutting the getting in of floaters, will eflfect crop total somewhat. ^Winter Flowage — Incidentally, growers are beginning to think a little seriously about their winter flowage, as they see their supplies down to bottom. Reservoir after reservoir is away down, and ponds are far below normal levels. Win- ter flowage could be the next wor- ry. (Continued on Page 15) Exchange Opens Its Price for Howes at $19.00 Late Howes are quoted by the American Cranberry Exchange at $4.75 a quarter, or $19.00 a barrel, the price having been set by C. M. Chaney, general manager, follow- ing a meeting of directors at New York Oct. 26th. This is a two dollar a barrel increase over the price of Blacks. Wisccnsins opened in mid-Octo- ber, according to variety and stan- dard, from $4.45 to $4.65. Fancy McFarlins are quoted at $4.65 and Smalley Howes at $4.60. Late New .Jerseys other than Howes, for choice, fancy and well colored, are quoted at $4.50 and $4.65. Demand for cranberries from the very start has been excellent and at all times well ahead of shipment. There has been no trouble in obtaining price this year. In fact, long lists of reg- ular customers have to be kept behind in the deliveries they ask for, and in his notice to the trade Mr. Chaney reported chances now for new business or for customers not at present on the waiting list "is indeed very slim." The same story is told by independent dis- tributors who have been offered higher prices for berries than they could accept in fairness to their regular trade. With an acute box shortage in Massachusetts and shipments be- hind all season because of screen- house labor shortages demand should be even farther ahead of supply and particularly in view of After-Picking Estimates Cut Crop Totals Exchange Sets Entire Pro- Duction As 666,000 — Mas- sachusetts About 465,000, The American Cranberry Ex- change, after a survey of .the field, now reduces its own estimate for the total crop to 666,000 from the original preliminary figure of 727,600. This after-harvest esti- mate now gives Massachusetts 465,000, Wisconsin 100,000, New Jersey 65,000, and the West Coasi but 36,000, as against original esti- mate of 51,600. General quality of this year's crop is high. Following is the usual October cranbei'ry crop estimate released by the U. S. Crop Reporting Ser- vice on October 13: The Massachusetts cranberry crop is indicated to total 495,000 barrels compared with 560,000 bar- rels harvested in 1942 and 409,100 barrels the ten year (1932-1941) average production. In Barnsta- ble county the cranberry crop har- vest is exceeding the earlier expec- tation of growers and offsetting the small reduction indicated from pre-harvest expectations in Ply- mouth county. September weath- er conditions were excellent for harvesting and up to October 1 there was practically no damage from frost. Although only aver- age in size, berries show excellent (Continued on Page 11) the fact that the crop is now be- ing estimated as considerably un- der the August estimate. Four shipping Boxes for Massachusetts LEST YOU FORGET Fear Complete Lack Next Fall Unless Wood Is Cut fo Box Mills. Just as important as the cur- rent Massachusetts shortage of boxes is an impending complete lack of boxes for next season, un- less concerted steps are taken to prevent it. The greatest need, in the opinion of Norman Holmes who has been so active in relieving the shortage this fall, is that local wood must be cut immediately. That is the first and most import- ant point, and then comes the matter of getting a higher prior- ity or some order which will allow box manufacturers to put in more time on cranberry boxes. Many other type boxes have complete priority over cranberry containers. It is a problem for the mills, be- ginning most critically with an almost non-existent supply of lumber to be made up into shooks and boxes, brought about by the fact that wood choppers are prac- tically impossible to obtain. Few can be obtained to go out in the woods and chop, even at very high prices per cord. Yet at present rates of pay offered it is said it is possible for two good choppers, working as a team, to make up to $15.00 each a day. The armed services and high rates of pay for war work have taken nearly all the men out of the woods. Not only is this true locally in the Cape cranberry area, but there is an alarming shortage in Maine and New Hampshire. There is plenty of wood to be cut, but no cutters. Mr. Holmes says it has come to a point where cranberry growers must see to it that wood is cut and made available for the mills to work on. If no wood is cut there can be no boxes for another year. Many growers have plenty of available wood on their prop- erties and means must be found of getting this wood cut. The suggestion is strongly made that all growei-s who have wood and can hold over part of their (Continued on Pace 14) Acute Shortage Being Solved As Growers Ship In Sub- stitute Containers. Massachusetts cranberries to the fresh fruit trade will now certainly be shipped, it appears. But for a time curing October it looked as if they could not, so acute a box shortage had developed. The short- age was one of approximately 400,000 boxes with scarcely a box in sight. As standard shipping boxes were used up, growers began to send fruit to the trade in containers other than standard boxes, but now a substantial supply of these sub- stitutes has been unearthed and the berrie- will go to market in cor- rugated apple boxes, heavy woocen boxes and most any kind of a con- tainer. One shipper said "We are shipping cranberries in about ev- erything except an old sock." This supply of substitutes came about chiefly through a visit to Washington on October 23 by E. C. McGrew of the Exchange and Nor- man Holmes, of Jesse Holmes & Son, box manufacturers of Carver, efforts of Arthur D. Benson, and a general scurrying about to find something to ship berries in. In Washington Mr. McGrew and Mr. Holmes visited WPB and WFA and other officials, finding them very willing to help. They ob- tained the release of about 80,000 boxes with heavy sices (in shook form) which the Government had ordered for another purpose and these were sent rolling from Penn- sylvania. Each box holds about half a barrel. These can be made up rapidly locally. There was also a proposal discussed that Govern- ment officials issue a general re- lease that if any of the big box manufacturers in Maine and New Hampshire could fit in a rush or- der of cranberry box shooks it could do so. Cranberry boxes have a priority rating of AAA3, it hav- ing been raisec from AAA3. About 60,000 corrugated apnle shipping boxes were located in Boston, these holding about 40 pounds. Tho Exchange sent out the fol- lowing notice to its brokers: "Ship- ning container situation in Massa- chusetts is critical. It will be ne- cessary for us to use any and every tyne of a container that is avail- able. Our trade will have to realize the situation and accept whatever container our growers fan obtain and pack. Prices will be based on the cubical inch con- tent of whatever container is used in its relation to the standard quarter barrel box." This shortage has been develop- ing for some time, due to several By I^onard L. K abler, B. C. S. On or before December 15th all individuals engaged in farming must file an estimated Federal Tax return for the year 1943. This re- turn must be at least 66 2-3 per cent correct, otherwise a penalty is attached after you have filed your corrected return on or before March 15, 1944. All payments made to the Fed- eral Government during 1943 on your 1942 tax may be deducted from the Estimated Tax filed in December. You must also esti- mate and pay your Victory Tax of 5''/f on your December return for your estimated 1943 income. In fact, all individuals who filed an estimated return in September should re-estimate their 1943 in- come and file an amended return in December. It is advisable to pay all the 1943 taxes now due while ypu may have the money, as on March, 1944, not only will you have to file and pay the balance on your correct 1943 tax but you must also pay the balance due on your 1943 Victory Tax and then you will be required to file an estimated 1944 tax return in March on which you will have to pay one quarter of the estimat- ed tax due — all this plus 12%% of the balance of your tax which- ever is larger, 1942 or 1943, not forgiven by the 1943 pay-as-you- go tax. Therefore I repeat again, esti- mate your 1943 tax on or before December 15 as nearly correct as possible, both income and Victory. Pay all of it then, and your pay- ment may be lighter in March. In any event, it is good advice to con- sult your accountant — let him as- sume the headache. reasons. There is an acute short- age of wood choppers to provide material for the mills, there is a manpower shortage in the mills, but foremost many other boxes have priority which outrate cran- berry boxes and mills have been unable to turn them out in quan- tity. New England Sales Com- pany began as early as last De- cember to avoid a shortage this fall, similar to the one of a year ago. (Continued on Pace 13) Five In 1870 the Late M. O. Potter of Wisconsin, Then Eighteen, Decided To Become a Cranberry Grower Today His Sons, Oscar O., Guy N., and Roy M. Are Leaders In the Badger State Industry — Third Generation Interested By CLARENCE J. HALL When he was a youth of 18, the late M. 0. Potter — who became one of Wisconsin's staunchest cranberry pioneers- — made up his mind he was going to become a cranberry grower. This was in 1870, and he heard tales of the small fortunes being made in wild cranberries by the famed Carey Brothers of Berlin, Wisconsin, and of the high financial rewards of others who were raking and marketing this native fruit in the Berlin area in the Fox River Valley. And in becoming a cranberry grower, M. O. Potter began the estab- lishment of a cranberry growing interest which is now in its third gen- eration and is one of the bulwarks of the Wisconsin cranberry industry. His three sons, Oscar O., Guy N. and Roy, are now three of Wisconsin's leaders, and sons of the two former have marked up their achievements in Wisconsin cranberry growing. The "Potter Group" is one of the most meritorious and powerful in Wisconsin and its development a fac- tor for good in the American cranberry industry as a whole. M. O. Potter was born of sturdy ty. M. 0. Potter invested the pioneer stock in Wauahara County in 1852, his father having served his country in the Civil War. He began making his own way in life at the age of 13. During, and im- mediately after the Civil War, the four Careys, the Sacketts, (father and son), and a few others raked and sold the wild cranberries, and began to improve their natural cranberry beds a little, chiefly by cutting ditches and building dams. In '70 the Careys had one of their big crops, about 3000 barrels, and in 1872 the now familiar (to Wis- consin growers, at least) Carey crop of 10,000 barrels, se'ling for about $100,000 in the Chicago mar- ket made news. Evidently the youthful Potter saw that cran- berries offered a future for an am- bitious lad. The industry shortly spread from the Fox River Valley into its present center, near the Wisconsin River, and for several years Potter and his brother, Je- rome, went into the wooes in the winter and engaged in Wisconsin's great lumbering industry, and took in the log drives in the spring. They drove logs and lum- ber from the headwaters of the Wisconsin River down to St. Louis, Missouri on the Mississippi. In the summer they worked on the beginning marshes in Wood Coun- Six first money he earned, which was in 1872 in wild cranberry land in Waushara County. This was the year which really started cran- berry growing in Wisconsin. One summer they dug several miles of cranberry ditches for the late D. R. Burr and were given a "forty" of marsh land for their services. Later the young broth- ers bought several other forties near City Point which they devel- oped into the Jerome Potter marsh. M. O. Potter Got Present Marsh In 1888 In 1888 he sold out this prop- erty to Jerome and bought a marsh in what is now Cranmoor, just out- side Wisconsin Rapids, and which is the present Potter & Son marsh. Such a hard-working grower was he that by 1892 he had this marsh procucing 500 barrels of cranber- ries, which was a lot of cultivated cranberries for those days. At that time there were no roads, as the Wisconsin growers know them today, and Potter's shipping point was seven miles distant. The berries were boated part way and then reloaded on tram cars, which travelled on wood- en rails, and they were pushed and pulled by manpower. The fall of 1893 brought one of the disastrous wooes fires of Wis- consin and Potter's cranberry beds were completely destroyed. How- ever, part of the crop was already picked and in storage, and the warehouse was saved. With this experience behind him, as soon as the berries were shipped Mr. Pot- ter and his good wife felt they had earned a vacation and visited the Chicago World's Fair. He had received $2.00 a barrel for his crop that fall. Upon his return he immediately went to work with teams and men (at fifty cents a day, with board and room), and rebuilt the burned- out beds. The next spring he had 22 acres ready for planting. The vines started very well, but another hot, dry season killed the plants completely. That fall he again replaced 17 acres and plant- ed it in the spring of 1895. Still another dry season killec out part of these vines, but enough lived so that he harvested 96 bar- rels in 1899. These experiences might be considered unbearably discouraging hardships today, but the Wisconsin pioneers of the past century considered them just troubles to be surmounted and took them in their stride. Helped Organize Wisconsin Sales Company For some years Mr. Potter did his marketing of the crop in vari ous ways, as did the other Wiscon- sin growers. When Judge John J. Gaynor conceived the idea of co- operative selling of cranberries, with the cooperation of the late A. U. Chaney as selling agent, M. O. Potter and the late S. N. Whit- tlesey probably did more than any other Wisconsin growers to help organize the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, which was incor- porated in 1906 and was the first unit of the present American Cranberry Exchange. He of course signed as a charter member of this company and of the American Cranberry Exchange when that was formed in 1911. He was al- ways a great admirer of the Chaney brothers, the late A. U. and Chester M., general manager of the Exchange since his brother's death. With this heritage of the cooper- ative spirit of their father behind them, the sons of M. 0. quite nat- urally stepped into their p'aces as strong members and leacers of the Wisconsin Sales Company and of the Exchange. The eldest, Oscar O., who lives at Warrens, is a di- rector of the Sales Company and a former director of the Exchange. Guy N. of Camp Douglass is a di- rector of the national organization and is the largest individual grow- er in Wisconsin. Roy Potter lives at Wisconsin Rapids, and operates the "home" marsh at Cranmoor, and is also one of the largest of the state growers and one of in- fluence. Guy's son, Rolland, had become one of Wisconsin's most able and enthusiastic growers when the war broke out and is now in the U. S. Enisted Reserve as a pilot in- structor in war service. For the year before the war he was pres- ident of the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' Association, the group which corresponds to the Cape Cod Cranberry Growei's' Association and the American Cranberry Grow- ers' Association of New Jersey. Gerald M., son of Oscar, has a marsh started on Mill Creek in Morrison county. Russell is man- ager of the home marsh of his father. Bennett A. is manager of the Morrison Creek Cranberry Company, with property on that creek in Jackson County, and Clin- ton is a Second Lieutenant in avi- ation. Incicentally a part of his training was at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, and this stay was made much pleasanter by mem- bers of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company, including A. D. Benson, general manager. Miss Sue A. Pitman, and John C. Makepeace. Roy Operates the "Home" Marsh The "home" marsh is now capa- bly operated by Roy, and it has MR. AND MRS. M. O. POTTER been completely rebuilt since it was burned over in the great fire of 1895. It now consists of 92 acres of vines of which 25 are young and have not yet pi-oduced. The varieties are 12 acres of Na- tives, 12 of McFarlins, 10 of Howes and 58 of Jumbo Searles. Mr. Pot- ter has rather a fondness for the Massachusetts variety, the McFar- lin, and has had good luck with it. The marsh has produced as high as 5,500 barrels which was the crop two years ago. Some of the sections were plant- ed in the Cape Cod maner of planting in sand, while others are set in the Wisconsin style of "stomping" vines directly into peat without first spreading the bed of sand. In some particular instances, Mr. Potter feels this method of broadcasting vines, about two tons to the acre, and without sand is better than the Eastern way— at least for some of the Wisconsin marshes. He is able to mostly use his own cuttings, which makes the cost of such lib- eral vine broadcasting not too high. This marsh is under the immed- iate supervision of a foreman, Henry Westphall, who has been employed at the Potter Marsh since 1918 and Mr. Westphall makes his home on the property. Mr. and Mrs. Potter live on the beautiful drive along the Wiscon- sin River at the Rapids. Roy is a member of the local rationing board which covers the south half Continued on Page 10) Seven BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Greater Production— i: Another Year Another growing and harvesting season is over. The agri- culturist, today, like the industrialist must immediately start look- ing ahead toward another year and another crop. A pause for Thanksgiving this month and then it is none too early to start making plans for another season. Dormant winter months 1 i e ahead, yet much can be done in these months. Food will be as much of a problem next year as it has in the past two of war. And there is no dormant season in the buying of War Bonds. This is the eighteenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals. POTTER & SON Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin ROY M. POTTER A. C. Bennett & Son Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Cranberry Lake Development Company Phillips, Wisconsin ALBERT HEDLER, Pres. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF NOVEMBER, 1943 Vol. 8 No. 7 yj^^^'^'^'^^'^ THANKSGIVING THOUGHTS F cranberries have "A Day", it is Thanks- giving. Thanksgiving Day this year finds the cranberry grower thankful that he has been able to produce a crop in sat- isfactory abundance to contribute to the food needs of a world still war-torn. But far and away above that, we can be thank- ful for the progress our cause has made on the battlefronts. We must be nearer vic- tory than we were a year ago. Our Gov- ernment cautions and cautions us again against undue optimism and gives no en- couragement of an early peace, but peace must certainly be nearer than it was. Many are giving serious thought to post- war affairs. Post-war planning is begin- ning to get down out of lofty vagaries and into concrete thoughts. One of the most important general aims is to prevent post- war unemployment. Is the cranberry in- dustry as a unit doing any post-war plan- ning? LIFE IS LIKE THAT NO sooner is one task accomplished than another comes along. Now that the cranberry crop has been harvested and is being marketed, good judgment calls for a thought toward next year. Par- ticularly is this true in regard to agricul- tural chemicals. A. I. F. News, pub- lished by the Agricultural Insecticide and Fungicide Association at New York, while declaring it is too early to attempt specific forecasts for 1944, says there are favor- able and encouraging factors, but these are "more than offset by growing obsta- cles which threaten bottlenecks — man- power, container and transportation." The advice to agriculturists becom.es very plain: "be forehanded." Specifically, consult with your supplier so that every- one along the distribution line knows ahead of time what will be wanted. Or- der early! There is no call for panic nor for hoarding. But legitimate needs should be provided for by orders placed as far as possible in advance. This sums up simply to good wartime cooperation. AMONG those who should be entitled to feel gratified that agriculture, includ- ing the cranberry growers, has not fallen down on the job of war-time food produc- Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS NeMr Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.00 per year Advertising rates upon application tion are the scientific workers. Advances have been made down the years in ento- mology and plant pathology which have greatly aided the growers in their peren- nial battles against plant pests and plant diseases. Many of us fail to realize fully, perhaps, how important this approach to fuller knowledge has been. The present wealth of scientific plant knowledge has been built up gradually over the centuries. The Old Testament contains the earliest accounts of insect damage, and in ancient Greece insect pests and fungous diseases were so important as to earn the attention of Aristotle. Earliest remedies were based upon fantasies, but it was very far back that an effort was begun to be made to combat these difficulties through real knowledge. The agricultural scientists, with the hardly-acquired knowledge of plant life, deserve a respectful thought in the achievement of good production of war-time food. Nine The Potters (Continued from Page 7) of Wood County. In the last war he served in Motor Transportation of the Aviation Branch of the Army. There are 15 buildings on the property in all. There is a big ware- house 60x86 feet, three stories high; eight bunk houses, two pump- houses, two dwellings, including a big one for the foreman, and until recently there was "the old log house". This was one of the origi- nal buildings of M. 0. Potter, but has recently been removed as it is no longer of any use. About two- thirds of the harvest crew have went over to the Oneida and got ing annually from the Oneida res- ervation about ten miles out of Green Bay. This year he again went over to the Oneidas and got a large crew but some are "very old and some very young". As a side issue at the Potter Marsh, Mr. Potter has gone into the raising of mink, having near- ly 800 of these little animals in a very modern minkery. This a long narrow building and th e mink spend their entire lives without living on the ground. Mr. Potter says it takes a tremendous amount of horse meat to feed this number of mink. Some of his mink are the famous "platinum" mink, which have brought fabulous prices. As another enterprise, Mr. Potter has recently, with a friend, pur- chased a big farm. This is in Port- age County, having 360 acres where he has a herd of 20 horses and 65 cows. Some of Mr. Pot- ter's fellow cranberry growers kid him a little about his farm, but at least it may not be said that it is not right in line with the pro- gram of greater food production. It so hapens the writer saw quite a bit of Roy Potter, had lunch with him two or three times and he was kind enough to assist in visiting some of the other grow- ers. I felt I got to know Roy Pot- ter well, and aven though he pre- ferred to talk about the achievel ments of his neighbors and of the Wisconsin cranberry business in general, rather than of himself, others spoke for him. He is one who is accountable in part for the increased acreage and hence in pro- duction in the state, although he says he has no ambition to ex- pand his business without end It seems evident he will continue to contribute to Wisconsin cran- berry growing, if not through im- mediate increasing acreage, but from continued high production per acre and in constructive contri- butions in planning the course of Wisconsin cranberry growing. Guy N. Largest Individual Grower The marsh of Guy N. Potter and his son, the Cutler Cranberry Co., is located at Camp Douglas in the town of Cutler in Juneau County, toward the western part of the state. The day I saw this marsh it was a dark and rainy day, not a favorable day on which to visit a cranberry property, but the marsh gave a strong impression of being exceedingly well kept up, efficiently managed, and well con- ceived. Mr. Potter and his son, in all, operate a total of 145 culti- vated acres, 78 in Wisconsin, and thus he is one who has contributed a great deal to Wisconsin's gain in production, and as new acreage is being put in will contribute even more in the near future. There are 4500 acres in the entire prop- erty. The marsh is laid out in 75 sections, or "beds", some of which are 60 rods long, longer than most in Wisconsin. Roadways go ar- ound all of these beds, in the con- venient Wisconsin fashion. Water comes from a live brook, Beaver Creek, and is stored up in four ponds, all at different levels, comprising a total of about 1,700 acres of reservoir. A road winds completely around the marsh and the entire stretch of the rese- voirs. The whole property is in- terestingly and efficiently laid out. This marsh was started about 1886 by Messrs. Hamilton, Baker and Miner, cranberry men of the old Berlin district, and was later owned by C^ark Treat. Most of the Bells, except ten acres, have now been replanted by other varieties, McFarlins, Searles and Howes. Mr. Potter has about 21 acres of Howes, and rather likes this Massachusetts variety. "I have had very good luck with Howes," he says. He also has one acre of Early Blacks, probably the only planting of Blacks now in Wisconsin. His Marsh Is Inspiring Sight A trip around this marsh is an inspiring experience and Hr. Potter is justified in the pride he takes in his fine beds of vines and the water supply system. On this property is good fishing and good duck and deer shooting. While he leases one of these privileges, Mr. Potter, publicly-spirited offers the public free access to other parts of his property. He does not find that the public takes any un- due advantage of this, nor com- mit any nuisance. At one pond he leases the duck shooting to a men's group and here is maintained a private clubhouse. At another point of land adja- cent to one of his reservoirs, he is building a public park, where fishermen and their families may come for a day's outing and pic- nicking. Mr. Potter has progressed stead- ily in making improvements about the property. Recently he built an "Indian House", a barracks for harvest crews. This will accomo- date ten families and is fire-proof. There is a large warehouse, four stories high (counting the basement). The main part is 36 x 80 feet and an ell is 36x38. The sorting room is big, comfortable and light and equipped with Bailey Mills. At the sorting belts there is a shut-off arrangement of the Pot- ter's own devising, whereby each girl may regulate the volume of the berries flowing past. Has Playroom For Help and Neighbors One section of the warehouse has been walled off and is designed as a play, or "party" room for the marsh workers and for people of the neighborhood. There an ex- ceFent bowling alley has been in- stalled by Mr. Potter. There are pool, ping pong and card tables. Every second Friday evening there is a community party held, and in the winter when Wisconsin nights are long and there isn't much to do around, considerable crowds appre- Teu ciate this community room and jj:ather there for a good time. Mr. and Mrs. Guy Potter live in a fine home by the marsh sice in a setting which" is very attractive. Here a'?ain at the Potter home was ofTered more of the Wisconsin hos- pitality. Mrs. Potter (as there was no help available) had herself pre- pared a fine chicken dinner. The Potter home seems especially hap- pily situated, with big dining room and living room facing directly out over the level acres of the marsh. I thought it must indeed be pleas- ant to watch a crop grow and ri- pen into maturity beneath your home windows, but then of course, there are also the times when a crop is not always doing as well as it might be to offset what wuld be an unmitigated pleasure. How- ever, few Eastern growers live as close'y to their cranberries as do many in Wisconsin. Mr. Potter is town chairman and has been county supervisor the past 18 years. He is a directr of Cranberry Canners as well as of the Americtn Cranberry Exchange As one who is engaging in an ex- tensive expansion program he is naturally very mnch interested in all cranberry matters. In meeting Guy and Roy Potter and viewing the Guy Potter and the "home marsh" begun by M. 0. Potter, I felt that I knew a good deal better why Wisconsin has be- come such a cranberry state. O. O. Potter has Thirty Acres at Warrens By the same token, it was my regret that time prevented my vis- iting Oscar Potter, the third of the Potter brothers and his marsh near Warrens. It was my distinct loss not to have been able to visit the eldest of the Potters, nor his sons. The Potter marsh is in Scott Township, Munroe County, and it was established in 1906 and pur- chased by Mr. Potter from John and Harry Scott. It features Mc- Farlins and Searles Jumbos, grown on 30 acres. Production has been more then 2500 in some years. This marsh craws its water from the Lemonweir river. These Pot- ters have a cranberry warehouse at Warrens which is owned coopera- tively. To make the "tie-in" between the Potters and cranberries even more emphatic, although this is by no means necessary, it might be added that Mrs. Oscar Potter is the daughter of A. E. Bennett, and the sister of Ermon Bennett. Way back in 1870, when the youthful M. O. Potter had the vis- ion to cecide to become a cran- berry grower, he took a step of great importance to the Wisconsin cranberry industry of the future, even though he was not aware of it at the time. Without the Potters in the picture, Wisconsin cran- berry growing would not be the same. Kentuckians (Continued from Page 3) were taken to Middleboro, Mon- day, Nov. 1, by Mr. Barker, and they entrained from there at noon, as a unit. Mr. Barker agrees with others who employed the Ken- tuckians that "one the whole, the plan proved beneficial." He said he got a good deal of work done which otherwise could not have been accomplished, particularly in the screenhouse, where they proved very valuable this year. "The real trouble is, the men sent us were too young. Not what we wanted and not what we asked for. If they should come again we would want older, more responsi- ble men, or at least the greater part of them older, to help con- trol the young men and boys. It was the irresponsibility of their age that caused the difficulties and dissatisfaction. This Kentuckian farm labor did accomplish a good deal of cran- berry work in Massachusetts this fall, and much of this would have had to be left undone if their as- sistance had not been obtained. They scooped, raked bogs, and worked in the screenhouses. Had it not been for the Kentuckians it would have been impossible for the New England Cranberry Sales Company to have operated its packing house at North Carver until late in the fall. They filled in at a time when other screen- house labor was not available, as the usual cranberry workers pre- ferred to pick on the bogs at high- er rates of pay. Some of the Ken- tuckians, however, preferred this type of work to scooping and were more efficient at it than at scoop- ing. Foi- one thing the work and pay was steadier, since it was not dependent upon the weather. As the Kentuckians themselves pre- ferred this, permission was ob- tained from the government to use some in screenhouse work rather than scooping. Consensus of opinion of grow- ers who hired the Kentuckians is that by and large the experiment was successful and the ends justi- fied the means. In spite of the difficulties which did pop up, as it was anticipated some would, groundwork may have been laid for extra labor if needed in com- ing years. After-picking Estimate (Continued from Page 4) quality and keeping prospects this season. For the country as a whole pros- pective cranberry production de- clined about 2 per cent during September. Total cranberry pro- duction estimated at 720,500 bar- rels is 11 per cent smaller than the 1942 production of 813,200 barrels, but is 18 per cent larger than the ten year (1932-41) average of 609,500 barrels. The New Jersey cranberry crop is indicated to be 20 per cent smaller than estimat- ed on September 1. Prospects were reduced materially by dry weather during August and Sep- tember and low temperatures dur- ing late September resulted in ad- ditional loss of fruit. Wisconsin cranberries are reported to be of good color and harvest of the crop well advanced. On the West Coast the Washington crop is expected to equal that of last year, while in Oregon the crop is slightly small- er than harvested last season. Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 Eleven An Economist Talks on Price Making Factors for Cranberries Significance of the Various Price Making Factors The significance of the per cap- ita supply as a determinant of the cranbei'ry price can be illustrated with the help of the average de- mand curve for cranberries. This demand curve indicates that under average conditions a per capita supply of say .3 lb. commands a price of approximately $13.80. If the per capita supply is .4 lb. the price is roughly $12.20, if it is .5 lb., $9.90, and if it is .6 lb. ap- proximately $7.05 per barrel, all prices in terms of the f. o. b. price of the American Cranberry Ex- change. It will have been noticed that the difference in the prices between different tenth of pounds varies. Between .3 and .4 this dif- ference is $1.60; between .4 and .5 it is $2.30, and between .5 and .6 it amounts to $2.85. These dif- ferences mean that in the upper left part of the curve when the per capita market supply is relatively small the demand is rather elastic, the demand becames inelastic as the per capita supply or the tak- ings by the market increase. The differences in the elasticity of the curve play a significant role in what was called above the second differentiation of the per capita supply that is the shifting of a part of the crop from one sea- son to the next. If in one season the supply is recuced by means of putting berries into the freezers such action has a price-raising ef- fect in that particular season and a price depressing effect in the next. However, the balance of the two effects may be positive, that is to say the average price of the two years may be higher with shifting than without. If a crop in one year makes for a per capita supply of, say .6 lb., the price would be, as already indicat- ed, approximately $7.05, by put- ting the equivalent of .10 lb. into the freezers the price is raised to $9.90 per barrel or by $2.85. If in the following year the natural per capita supply is .30 lb. which would command a nrice of roughly $13.80, the .10 lb. carryover would reduce this price by only $1.60, thus there is a gain registered of $1.25. The econometric analysis indi- cates that in 1937 the price would have been in the vicinity of $4.00 in terms of the Exchange price if all berries that were produced haa been marketed. By means of the carryover, that is, the equalization of supplies, this price was raised to over $9.00, while the price in the Twelve following year was reduced by an estimated amount of $1.41 per barrel. The beneficiary effects of the equalization of market supplies is limited. The effect is greatest when an exceptionally large crop is c istributed over two or three seasons, the successive ones hav- ing relatively small crops. In short crop seasons this price rais- ing method will remain without effect because the difference be- tween the price of two seasons may be too small to leave a sur- plus after the costs of carrying berries in the freezers are deduct- ed. Now, we shall discuss the sig- nificance of those factors which change the position of the demand curve, such as the changes of the national income and the amount canned. When analyzing other commodities we would have to add two more factors which create the same tendencies, (a) specific trends in demand which are a func- tion of the change of the consum- ers' scale of preferences and may push the whole curve up or down and (b) competitive commodities which have a similar effect. Both factors are absent in the analysis of the cranberry price, as was in- dicated above. The effect of the national income is inc icated by vertical up and downward movements of the de- mand curve. To illustrate: In 1932 when the national income was just a little over 50 billion dollars the demand curve was approxi- mately $3.00 below its average po- sition, while in the years 1928 and 1929 it was almost $3.00 above it. A difference of roughly 30 billion dollars is therefore responsible for an estimated price differential of about $6.00 per barrel. The addition to the price which results from an addition to the national income does not remain the same. It declines as the na- tional income goes up. This ob- servation is in line with the pro- pensity to consume and the per cent of the individual's income which he spends for food. It is a known fact that when a certain income on the per cent spent for food declines in fact, those for all consumer goods decline. The second type of movement is that positive shift of the de- mand curve which is a function of the amount canned in terms of per cent of the total crop. Can- ning sets in motion almost auto- matically a three dimensional ex- pansion of the demand. It is, of course, true that a part of the amount which is canned is substi- tuted for fresh berries and to the extent as this is the case there is a negative effect of canning on the price of fresh berries. How- ever, remaining at this point is not telling the full story, which must consider the net effect re- sulting from the expansion of the demand with respect to time, space and lower income groups. As re- gards time, the canned article ren- ders the commodity seasonless, that is to say it can be distributed all year around. Some data which were published by the OPA recent- ly indicate that the distribution of canned cranberry sauce follows a different pattern from that of fresh fruit. According to the offi- cial statistics, 37 per cent of the annual distribution falls into the months from January 1 to Sep- tember 1. The geographic expansion is represented by the increase of the number of retail outlets in small consuming areas which find it dif- ficult to sell a quarter barrel box within a certain time period so that the shrinkage remains at a fair minimum. By putting a case of cranberry sauce on the shelf the small grocer is relieved of some of his worries, for it does not matter from the point of view of spoilage whether he sells a case of sauce within one week or 26 weeks. He is therefore more in- clined to take a case of canned cranberry sauce than a quarter barrel box of fresh berries. The third expansion is that iij- to lower income groups which is a function of the smaller per cent outlay that is the price of one can of sauce versus that of one pound of berries plus one lb. of sugar and of greater utilities which accrue to the canned article in compari^ion with the one which is distributed in fresh form. The utilities which accrue are a function of the elim- ination of certain operations, of a more efficient system of distribu- tion with a smaller mark-up be- tween the f. o. b. and the retail price. Then there is from the consumers' point of view the ele- ment of the convenience coefficient, which determines the choice of the city housewife to a large extent. The econometric analysis indi- cates that the average positive shift of the demand curve as the result of canning in the years 1934-1941 amounted to $.86 per barrel on the average. This av- ei'age covers a trendlike move- ment, which means that the de- mand curve is slowly but steadily moving away from its original po- sition and is now at a point above the indicated average. This is an indication of a widening demand which is not associated or related to the purchasing power, which may be increasing at the same time — it may also be declining. The two last known price de- terminants which were mentioned are (a) the per cent of Early Blacks and (b) the temperature from the latter part of October until about Thanksgiving. The general average season price de- clines with the increase in the percentage of the total crop rep- resented by Early Blacks. A very rough estimate of this effect would be that a change of 1 per cent of Early Blacks is associated with a change in the average price of 10 cents per barrel. The analysis does not indicate what the real causes of this effect are, whether lower keeping quality of Early Blacks or the fact that they must be kept in storage curing a period when the retail demand for fresh berries has not yet fully developed. What the analysis on the other hand shows is that the significance of this effect is on the decline. The same holds true of the temperature in which instance a change of 1 degree changes the average price by 12 cents per barrel, approxi- mately. The decline of the im- portance of these two factors is a phenomenon of the last five or six years, and appears to be asso- ciated with canning because the canning of primarily the first part of the crop has removed some of the opportunities for the price- depressing factors to work. The effect of the various changes in the economic structure of the cranberry industry in recent years can best be appreciated in the form of a comparison of averages of real prices, that is, prices which have been adjusted for the effect of the variations in the supply of money. For the pui-pose of the comparison between 1900 and 1941 is diviced into three parts (1) from 1900-1915; (2) from 1916- 1934; and (3) from 1935-1941. In the first period the i-eal price was $6.67, in the second §6.45, while in the third it was S7.34. Thus is indicated a definitely greater t.e- mand in the third period, that is, since about 1934 or 1935. 1943 POST-MORTEM Acute Shortage (Continued from Page 5) The need for boxes was also in- creased when Government order for dehydrated cranberries was placed at 1,000,000 pounds dehy- drated instead of double that quan- tity as had been anticipated by Cranberry Canners through orders of intent. As this goes to i)ress. Mr. Urann, however, says Cran- berry Canners is ready to take any part or all of these extra berries, and in fact is eager to do so as consumer civilian trade cannot be supplied with cranberx-y sauct- as it is. At the close of a picking season the likes of which was never seen before and which we hope will never be seen again, it might be well to record the experiences of one grower out of the many who struggled to get the crop harvest- ed. The bog is a bit over 25 acres, at North Carver, Mass. The yield was a bit over 4000 bushel boxes. We started August 29th with three trappers. We picked the last October 15th, owner and one helper. I di dnot hire a single person by going out into the high- ways and byways; got none from USES 01 Kentucky. My help was all neighbors or old hands who merely needed to be told when I could use them, or persons who came asking for work. I had three neighbors, three neighbors' wives, one night-shifter who put in an occasional half-day, a me- chanic on his Sundays off, an in- ductee awaiting call, one week- ender, three schoolboys after hours, two casuals, and one old hand who told me when he drew his last pay that he had been play- ing hookey from a war job. He and the neighbors and wives de- serve most of the credit. I tried one thing for the first time. For two weeks we started screening at 7.30 a. m. When, as, and if it dried off, we went to pick- ing. In that way, we got the benefit of several rainy days, the use of empty boxes, etc. It worked out much better than I anticipated. The only drawback was that this eliminated my morning opportu- nity to get out boxes, lay or relay plank runs, etc., and these jobs had to be done in time when I might have been picking. But we screened and shipped 334 barrels of berries. Incidentally, these berries grew and grew. Berries that normally count 105 or so grew to count but 75, knocking our esti- mates galley-west. Where are the extra shipping boxes coming from? Why don't the overgrown things keep? Will I ever get them screened ? It took the owner and seventeen men (?) to maintain an average crew of six. Two or three days there were nine persons working —not all at once. One day there was but one. Our best day, a crew of seven picked 289 bushels. The poorest, one man picked five bush- els. We averaged 2.91 bushels each, per hour. We averaged 7.1 hours a day. Out of 48 days elapsed time we worked 41 days — or rather, I did. My most con- stant helper worked 31 days; next best, 28 days, etc. The two that I fired — yes, fired, in times like these! — worked one and two hours. Screening, we got out 0.88 bbls. per man-hour. These figures in- clude all work necessary. Pick- ing, it begins with empties in the attic and ends with full boxes in the cellar. Screening, it ends with nailed, labelled boxes on the plat- form at the screenhouse. So it appears that in seven weeks, my average crew of six picked four acres apiece, and also screened 56 earrels of berries each. They averaged to pick 667 bushels each. This may not be a record, and we have seen no Army-Navy "E" for farmers. But it is an accomplishment of which I am proud, done with the help of friends in whom I take pride. As long as we retain enough "rugged individualism" and local spirit to put over a job like that our coun- try will be worth living in. Russell A. Trufant. P. S. — Yes, I use a Trufantized Matheson picker, and would have if I had had twenty pickers in- stead of six. With really intelli- gent adjustment and operation you cannot beat it. And it will be many a long year before its equal is invented and built. Stop wasting money and effort chasing rainbows, and make the best of the tools we already have! R. A. T. FOR SALE 20 acres Cranberry Bog, Swamp, Upland, Buildings and equipment lo- cated in Carver, Mass., situated on pond, with plenty of water and sand. Must be seen to be appreciated. If interested, write Box 63, Center Carver, Mass. Thirteen More About Insecticides For Next Year Further indication that pyreth- rum will be extremely limited to agricultural users another year is contained in the A. I. F. News, issued by the Agricultural Insec- ticide and Fugicide Association for the September-October period. An article says: "Pyrethrum has gone to war overseas to an extent little realized by agricultural us- ers. The little white-petaled, yel- low-centered flower now goes 90 per cent into military service, ac- cording to the latest WPB report of allocation." Reduced production is stressed also, in addition to the greatly in- creased army needs. British and American governments are offering substantial premiums to Kenya (British East African colony) to expand acreage, and the 1944-45 crop should be larger. "Such re- lief," the report continues, "can- not be immediate, since pyrethrum requires three years to reach max- imum yield. In this hemisphere it has been announced that the Office of Economic Warfare, Commodity Credit Corporation and their affil- iates expect to obtain the planting of thousands of acres of pyrethrum in various Latin-American coun- tries, Great Britain supplying the seed. But the same necessary de- lay applies to this." October first is "New Year's Day" for the insecticide and fun- gicide year, and the 1944 produc- tion season is now on, the bulletin reports. By and large the bulk of harvesting is completed by Oc- tober. "It is too early to attempt specific forecasts for 1944. There are favorable and encouraging factors. More than offsetting them are growing obstacles which threaten bottlenecks in this coun- try— manpower, containers, and transportation. Favorable: Gov- ernment agencies are showing in- creasing understanding of the problems. Coordination in Wash- ington and cooperation with in- dustry are steadily improving. War Food Administration has asked industry to submit recom- mendations on its needs for the coming year. Unfavorable: Man- power is simply not available. Producers continually are losing more men than they can replace. Manpower shortages are also af- fecting the making of containers and the transportation, both of raw materials and finished pro- ducts. For these reasons there is a possibility of running short, both of raw materials and of finished products, according to Warren H. Moyer, chief of the Insecticide and Fungicide Unit of WPB. Sum- marizing: In view of all this the advice to agriculture becomes very plain, "be forehanded." Canners Directors Meet in Jersey Cranberry Canners Operating at Less Than Capacity Labor Largely Unavailable and Not Reliable. Cranberry Canners announces it is operating at present at consid- erably less than capacity, because of manpower troubles and the slowness of berries in reaching Canners. Latest information indi- cates that Cranberry Canners will handle this year about 240,000 bar- rels as compared to 315,719 la'^t year, and there is capacity for handling 400,000 barrels a year. Less berries are being received at the main plant at Hanson and it is operating on only one shift, as no more labor can be obtained. The Onset' plant has been operat- ing on glass, which is one-third slower than tin, but is going on what amount of tin is allotted. The fine, re-designed dehydrated plant at Plymouth is going full- blast on a three-shift, 24-hour schedule, as labor supply there is sufficient. Other plants, in New Jersey, Illinois and on the West Coast, are operating at various capacities. At least 120,000 barrels will be for Government uses, it is an- nounced, and whereas Canners ex- pected very light Government pur- chases of canned fruit but a very large order of dehydrated, there are now many rush orders for canned cranberry sauce. A directors' meeting of Cran- berry Canners was held at the new plant at Bordentown, New Jersey, October 25th. Those attending were M. L. Urann, Russell Make- peace, Massachusetts; Isaac Har- rison, Franklin C. Chambers, Theo- dore H. Budd and Enoch F. Bills of New Jersey. Also attending were Harold Ellis, auditor of Ply- mouth, Anthony Colasurdo, Miss Ellen Stillman, Miss Clarie Coffin and Miss Lavina Hockenbury. No votes were passed and the meeting was confined to a discus- sion of problems of the moment. Fear Lack Next Fall (Continued from Page 5) crews after the fall harvest work, get some wood cut if they possibly can. The cut wood requires some time for seasoning. Holmes has only enough wood supplied now to keep going until January first and about the same condition applies to other box manufacturers. Wood choppers have been at a premium now for many months, and the chopping of wood for cranberry shooks, firewod, or any other pur- pose has been at a minimum, un- til now the wood situation is at such an acute stage that immedi- ate measures of some sort must be taken. For Sale Fertilizer Spreader; Interna- tional Pumping Plant, Scoops; Poultry Brooder and Laying Cages. If interested, write Box 63, Center Carver, Mass. We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Fourteen Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 4) UA Few Still Picking— By the eml of the month practically everybody had finished harvesting. There were a few late exceptions, always some harvest later. United Cape Cod Cranberry Company did not expect to be through until the first few days of November, as did a few other bogs in the Hanson- Halifax region. Answer, chiefly labor shortage. ^No Berries Left on Vines — One of the most satisfying things to the Massachusetts growers this year was the unhoped-for good way in which harvest help did show up when picking time came. Growers were much more worried, and apparently with very good reason, too, than was really nec- essary, as it turned out. Some feared a considerable per cent of acreage with scattering berries would be left unharvested because of insufficient help. But the ber- ries have been gotten off the vines and in about normal time. ^Crop About Normal — The crop will certainly be above the ten- year average (1932-1941), which is 409,100 barrels, and Dr. Frank- lin estimates this figure has risen and the normal for the last year for which it is possible to figure it out (1938) is 468,378, and be- lieves it has risen since that year. If somewhere around this figure now is normal, the crop is not far from a normal one, which was Dr. Franklin's prediction some time ago. It certainly has fallen off a good deal from last year's big production of 560,000. !ITerminal Buds — Looking ahead a year some growers have report- ed exceptionally good terminal bud and healthy vine growth. A number of instances of such re- 'ports in which growers mention it because the gi-owth is so unus- ual, at least give a vague indica- tion for another year. While ter- minal buds do not mean berries in the screenhouse by any means, it is certain if there are no buds there are no berries. Blacks in general were up to esti- mates, although some individual growers fell considerably under expectations, while others ran con- siderably higher, with the result that the differences just about bal- anced. Blacks had been estimated at about 58 per cent of the crop. The harvest of Blacks was very good in Barnstable county, and this overage made up for bogs in Plymouth county which fell short of estimate. HCape 100,000 Barrels — Best esti- mate of the crop harvested on the Cape, in fact, is that of about 100,000 barrels, which gives Barn- stable County its third successive good crop. The early berries there came through a little better than estimated, while the Howes and other lates did not quite come up to early prospects, but the two balanced so that on the whole the Cape had a good, successful crop year. It was considerably larger than that of last year, although that was a good one, but fell off from that for 1941, which was ex- ceptionally high for Barnstable. Frost losses were light, although there were a few hard freezes in October, but with much of the crop in the total damage by low temperatures this year was of no great consequence as a whole. TIBlacks Up to Estimate — Early NEW JERSEY ^Extreme Dryness — The crop has pi'oven shorter than was anticipat- ed at the time of the August esti- mate of 81,000 barrels, as this was made before the extremely dry weather of August had been real- ized, nor its extension through the whole of September anticipated. The season as a whole has been one of the dryest on record at Pemberton, and probably the driest year in the entire history of South- ern New Jersey. In August there was less than three-quarters of an inch of rainfall, and September was as dry. Nearly half of the slight precipitation that did come in September fell on the last day of the month. As this extremely dry spell was not taken into ac- count in August estimates there was a tendency to over-estimate. Many berries were small because NOTICE To Subscribers Costs, as we all know, have risen, but the subscription price of CRANBERRIES has not before been raised. It has remained at $2.00 a year for a single subscrip- tion. However, starting December first, the price for single sub- scription will be: S2.50 per year SI. 25 six months Single copy, 25 cts. Advance subscriptions at the old rate will be accepted until that date. CRANBERRIES Wareham Massachusetts of lack of moisture and some acre- age was not picked at all. UFrost Damage — There was a frost on September 19 with a minimum temperature of 23.5; on October 5, 19 was reached, and October 6, 16. The minimum reached the night of October 10, which brought the killing frost to Massachusetts, was 17. Berries which were light and on weak vines were taken in the first frost of September 19 and the later cold nights took little toll. UMic-October Ended Picking — Harvesting was completed mostly about October 15. Harvest labor was extremely tight and the grow- ers had a great deal of difficulty in getting the berries off. The crop was small and other work at high wages was plentiful. The Government's plan of bringing in agricultural labor from Jamaica was a great help, it is felt. HOcean County Short 10 to 15 Per Cent — Most of the Ocean County berries were off the vines by Oc- tober 15, and the crop of that Fifteen county is apparently short of esti- mate by from 10 to 15 per cent. Prolonged drought caused many small berries, and many bogs which looked very good in the early part of the season cid not measure up because of this fact. Although this drought has now been broken by some rain, there has not been enough to replenish reservoirs and many growers are worrying about having enough water to get their bogs under for the winter. WISCONSIN HBusy Packing — With the Wiscon- sin crop now figured at 100,000 (American Cranberry Exchange), growers are working their limited crew in packing houses to full ca- pacity. Both quality and color seem above average, and especial- ly is this true of color. OREGON ^Holidays Proclaimed — As last year, Bandon's mayor, K. I. Frank- lin, saw fit to declare two days, October 7 and 8, as business holi- days for the gathering of the cranberry crop in Bandon. Thus cranberry harvesting became the order of the day by official procla- mation. lIEvery Effort Made — Harvesting in the Bandon district began on a large scale September 27th, al- though several of the smaller bogs began picking in a small way ear- lier. On September 23 the U. S. Employment office at Marshfield announced that more than 500 pickers were needed to save the Coos County crop. Harvesting in general began one week earlier than usual, although spring frosts were felt to have had a retarding effect on the Stankavich berries, which usually ripen about two weeks earlier than the McFarlins. Because of the mayor's proclama- tion U. S. employment service as- sistance and other efforts planned in advance it was expected the labor situation would not be as acute as it was in Oregon, but it was bad enough. tober picking was in progress on all bogs, but there was a slow start due to labor scarcity and also be- cause of a slow growing season. By mid-October not more than a third of the crop had been harvest- ed. Weather held up fairly well for picking. Every effort was made to get all available help. Soldiers are being hired to work on their off hours, and many civil- ians have also pitched in in spare time or time which they made. Picking will continue late this fall, not ending until nearly Thanks- giving. Leonard L Kabler ACCOUNTANT, AUDITOR AND TAX CONSULTANT Systems Installed, Month- ly Audits, Tax Returns, Part-Time Bookkeeping. 220 High St., Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 415-W Fifteen Years Cranberry Experience Prof. R. H. Roberts of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin was a visitor in Washington October 11th and 12th, and was conducted around the bog area by D. J. Crowley. Mr. Roberts greatly enjoyed this opportunity of seeing the bogs of Washington. Incidentally he had the first hand chance to observe that a little of the "Wild West" is still left in the cranberry section. As he and Mr. Crowley were driv- ing along by auto they were forced to come to a full halt to let some wild elk get off the highway. ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties ARIENS-7i7/«r THE MOST MPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION, WIS WASHINGTON HSlow Start— By the first of Oc- Sixteen ELECTRIC POWER Is America's Number One War Worker. It's the Life-blood of our all-out war production. It is a Vital Necessity. So waste none through faulty equipment. Proper maintenance of electrical appliances and wiring is important in meeting the heavy war-time requirements. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 To the Cranberry Growers: We are purchasing berries of the 1943 crop through our Cape Cod Representative, The Beaton Distributing Agency, and we suggest that you get in touch with our Representative. MINOT FOOD PACKERS INC. Harvest for the future % You can protect your crops now and after the war by sharing the advantages ofthe famous name"Eatmor." Selling your cranberries cooperatively under a known brand name is a sure means to security. Dealers wel- come "Eatmor" Cranberries. Women ask for them. Approach the present and the future with confidence. Let the name of "Eatmor" work for you. Cranbcrrie XKKCOCIN I MNVj «IN q>0,UUU,UUU f\ TCAK IINUUOlKT :ape coo new jersey wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON Cranberries photo S. B. CIBBS of Carver, Massachusetts )ecember, 1943 25 cents OUR BOYS ARE FIGHTING FOR THE RIGHT TO CELE- BRATE CHRISTMAS IN THE TRADITIONAL WAY. WE PAY OUR TRIBUTE TO THEM, IN WISHING ALL OUR FRIENDS A TRADITIONAL ''Merry Christmas // BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Massachusetts ^^^^' ANOTHER YEAR OF THE WAR HAS PASSED AND WE ARE NEARING VICTORY. TO THOSE ACROSS LONG MILES OF BLUE WATERS, AND TO ALL AT HOME, BEST WISHES AND GOOD CHEER THIS CHRISTMAS OF 1944. From Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin To the Cranberry Growers of Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Washington, and Oregon . . Ocean Spray extends a sincere wish that Christ- mas may bring you deep and lasting joy . . that the end of the year will find you with more to rejoice in and less to regret that the months to come will bring you still greater satisfaction in your association with this co- operative, and the peace that comes with work well done. May the truest of Christmas blessings and joys be yours! CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich., Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Coquille, Ore. Markham, Wash. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY MERRY CHRISTMAS ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Bank of Bandon Bandon, Oregon Serving Coos and Curry Counties Since 1904 THE PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES, Prop.) Wareham, Mass. We thank all our patrons every- where most cordially for their good will and patronage this past year, and wish you the SEASON'S GREETINGS. Now is the time for Repairs to Dusters and Scoops Wood County Nationa Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO, PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SU1TS--US BRAND To all Cranberry Growei-s in the Armed Forces and to all friends within the cranberry industry here and their families from Badger Cranberry Co. Midwest Cranberry Co. Beaver Brook, Wis. C. L. Lewis, Jr., Secretary-Manager :gSl^Pm We extend our sincere holiday greetings to our customers and friends. It has been a pleasure to have served you in 1943. The Rogers & Hubbard Company HUBBARD'S FERTILIZERS Micdletown, Conn. i^-C^ * * MKM imvsims ACRICO FERTILIZER The American Agricultural Chemical Company North Weymouth, Mass. .,.-f VICTORY is nearer. Dimouts are relaxed. But not yet is it time for celebration, nor appropriate for the village of "Peacedale." on the estate of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood, of South Carver, Massachusetts, to glow again with Christmas-New Year Cheer. Perhaps some joyous Christmas soon will the lights shine again. Barbarians would, if they could, banish Christmas and Freedom forever. But there will always be a Christmas, and until the day of complete Victory, Mr. and Mrs. Atwood sincerely wish to all their friends a Merry Christmas and a truly happy 1944. Again: "GOD PRESERVE THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIVING AS LAID DOWN TO US BY OUR FOREFATHERS" 4. Attention Cranberry Growers!! WE REPEAT We Must Have Logs for Your Boxes Next Season Cut and deliver every possible log this winter Contact Your Box Manufacturer At Once Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Mass. Tel. 10-4 F. H. Cole North Carver, Mass. Tel. 54-3 Wisconsinite, Former Reporter, Has Embry- onic Iceland Cranberry Industry Army Officer and Icelandic Collaborators Figure Leif Erickson Took a Chance, Why Shouldn't They? — Story Told in Letter to Vernon Goldsworthy There is now an embryonic cran- berry industry in Iceland. Yes, Iceland. Stranger things than growing cranberries in Iceland are going on these days, and if a suc- cessful cranberry industry does develop on that northern island it will have come about because of the war. The instigator is a former re- porter, Capt. William Haight, on the Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tri- bune, the owner and editor of which is cranberry-growing Wil- liam Huffman. When Capt. Haight arrived in Iceland he was struck by the fact of the big swamps with no trees and that blueberries grew wild on the lower hills, and recalled that blueberries and cran- berries grew in Wisconsin. He got in touch with Vernon Golds- Four worthy, general manager of Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company, and a letter to Goldsworthy tells this Icelandic saga of a small ex- perimental planting there, which has sand and running water, both cold and hot, the latter certainly an innovation in cranberry culture. His most interesting letter follows: Thanks for your letter of July 30th, about Icelandic cranberries and the literature I asked for. I have postponed answering, to al- low plenty of time for the latter to arrive. The copies of the mag- azine "Cranberries" came a couple of weeks ago, and after reading them with great interest I forward- ed them to my local partner-in- crime of the embryonic Icelandic cranberry industry. In the magazine I saw about a new treatise on cranberry weather which was to be published by Mas- sachusetts State College. I would appreciate having a postcard giving me the name and /or number of that publication when you have a copy, as I want to write to Massachusetts and get some copies of it if they will thus oblige me. From the brief de- scription in the magazine, it Founds like it will be of great val- ue to us with the project here. We certainly appreciate your help in this matter, and if the project succeeds you may some day be awarded the Order of the White Falcon by the Icelandic government! Since censorship rules have been relaxed on our mail, I can now discuss the thing in more detail, and I will here give you an outline of what we have done, in case you are interested. Iceland is a country in the very earliest post-glacial stages, with remnants of the last Ice Age still covering one-eighth of the coun- try's surface in the high interior plateau. The lowlands, as you could easily guess, have many small lakes and swamps and bogs and mires, usually with fast-flow- ing little rivers down the center of each valley. There are many huge swamps where peat is cut for fuel, and sod taken out to build fences and barns (they used to use it for houses, too.) The climate is (Continued on Paffe 12) Issue of December, 1943 — Vol. 8, No. 8 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2. .50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS lIFlowage Short. — November's end found growers approaching the time for winter flooding with scan- ty water supplies. So low are many ponds and reservoirs that unless there is heavy rainfall be- fore really cold weather hits there is possibility of some injury. Some growers have sufficient water whi'e others not so fortunate do not. Water supplies have been scarce all fall and for some time. There were rainy days and a few heavy rains, but October-November total was not heavy. Precipitation for October (Mass. State Bog) was 4.08 inches, while November up to Thanksgiving had brought 3.17. Fall Frost Loss .005%— The ex- tremely inadequate water supplies was a worrisome thought in grow- ers' minds all during the fall frost season. But as it turned out these worries did not materiaMze. Dr. Franklin has estimated losses were probably not more than about half of one percent, although a few growers did lose rather badly. The only really bad frost was on Oc- tober 10th. Dr. Franklin was in- fluenced this year, somewhat by lack of water, in making his fore- casts in the early part of the saa- son, not wanting to make growers use any water unless he felt it was absolutely necessary. Most grow- ers did, with success, "p'ay it close to the vest," as far as flowing was concerned. It is an important fact that in recent years Massachusetts frost losses have been increasingly small. Last year's losses were put down as two per cent. In 1938 loss was seven per cent, and in 1936 a loss of 15 per cent. To get to really important losses it is necessary to go back quite a few years: in 1933 there was a loss of 40,000 barrels, and in 1922 a loss of 20 per cent. lILabor Very Short — While harvest help showed up in sufficient quan- tities (really beyond expectations), this he'p in the main almost im- mediately vanished when the crop was picked and the high picking wages ended. There was no sur- plus left for after-harvest work on the bogs — sanding, raking, etc. Growers mostly had only their war- depleted regulars and such others as could be scared up, and in fact, many found it impossible to even get enough rakers. Sanding is be- ing done, but not nearly as much as is desired. Bog wages are ex- tremely high and growers simply cannot compete with the rates of pay in war plants. Labor not only is high, but is not efficient, nor is it reliable, or as wil ing as it used to be. Every bog operation done now is slovi' and is finally accom- plished at about double the cost and is not done as well. \\B' ds Look Gocd — While no actual survey of the appearance of next year's buds has been made, such information as is available indi- cates that the showing is rather better than usual. Dr. Franklin has heard reports that bogs look good, and a number of others have said their bogs appear very prom- ising. At this stage of the season this isn't much to pin any hopes to, as most anything can happen between now and picking time next f a 1 (and probably will). Ply- mouth county bogs in general (Continued on Page 15) Crop of '43 Nearly Cleaned Up in Strong Market Mass. Crop Probably Won't Come Up to Latest Gov't Estimate of 485,000 — To- tal 15 Per Cent or More Below Last Year The November (Nov. 12) esti- mate of cranberry production of 1943 is for a total of 691,400, with Massachusetts producing 485,000, hut as returns have come in there is doubt if that total will be reached, particularly as general consensus of opinion in Massachu- setts is that the Massachusetts figure will be nearer 465,000 or less. But of the market and of the price there has been do doubt. Howes fell off, although Blacks were practically up to estimate. Demand has been by far the best it has ever been, and willingness to buy cranberries at a satisfac- tory price, even considering great- ly increased production costs. Demand, in fact, was avid, and the bulk of the crop sold readily at the opening Exchange prices of SI 7 for Early Blacks and S19 ff^r late Howes, but just before Thanksgiving considerably higher figures were being quoted for rmall quantities in some markets. Cranberries were quoted at S7, .S7.50 and S8.00 a quarter for late berries. These wholesale prices applied in some Eastern markets ?.nd cranberries were on sale at Portland, Oregon, at S32.00 >. bar- rel. The Exchange sold much of the crop at this opening price in fairness to those who placed orders early. High prices are gratifying to growers, but it is not all velvet, nor entirely peasant to growers who are wisely looking ahead to the market in coming years. For one thing a false sense of great prosperity is implied if prices are too high. Income taxes will take (Continued on Page 16) Five Samuel B. Gibbs, Born On Thanksgiving, Picked Wild Cranberries As A Boy, With His Parents Son, Ruel S., President of American Cran- berry Exchange, Son, Homer L., Presi- dent of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association — Mr. Gibbs at 82 One of Most Substantial of Massachusetts Grow- ers— Six Generations Have Lived at "Old Homestead." By CLARENCE J. HALL Thanksgiving was the birthday of Samuel Bourne Gibbs of South Carver. Mr. Gibbs is a charter member of the New England Cranberry Sales Company, and for many decades has been one of the most substantial Massachusetts cranberry growers. He is the father of Ruel S. Gibbs, presi- dent of the American Cranberry Exchange and the New England Cranberry Sales Company, and of Homer L. Gibbs, recently elected president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. On that day Mr. Gibbs entered his 82nd year, having been born November 27, 1862. It is undoubtedly pure coincidence that Sam Gibbs was born on Thanksgiving Day — that day which by long tradition has been the day of days for cranberries. However, nearly all of his long life has been devoted very successfully to cranberry growing. A cranberry guiding start has seemingly shone for him and the cranberry careers of his two sons. Fate caused him to be born in a particular locality where wild cranbei-ries flourished and where the gathering of this native fruit by his parents was among his earliest recollections. As a young man his native New England "hard-headedness" caused him early to recognize the possibilities in the culti- vation of this native fruit, and this same sagacity gave him the foresight, courage, and ability to persevere and build up his cran- berry business into one of the soundest in the Southeastern Mas- sachusetts cranberry area. His sons, Ruel and Homer, growing up with a successful cranberry- growing father in a town which has come to produce more cran- berries than any other in the world, early had the wisdom to likewise foresee their future in cranberries. How worthwhile was their choice in following the parental example their success has proven. Mr. Gibbs' First Bog 1887 As a little boy, he picked the wild cranberx'ies about the "Old Homestead" where he was born, and Ruel and Homer, too, were "American Cranberry Exchange Is Needed More Than Ever/' Says Ruel S. Gibbs, President The American Cranberry Exchange and its subsidiary State Companies is not a spectacular organization. As a cooperative it has made a spec- ialty of selling fresh cranberries and developing the fresh fruit market. It has made an outstanding success in this respect and it is my ambition that it shall continue to be the best fresh cranberry selling or3:anization in the field. The Exchange has always backed the develop- ment of Cranberry Canning and especially has this been true in the past few years. The State Com- panies and their members have substantially co- operated with cranberry processing, both financially and in the pledging of fresh fruit. The develop- ment of processed fruit is vitally important to all cranberry growers, and the Exchange and the State Companies will continue to back this development or any other which is for the good of the whole in- dustry. A membership in the American Cranberry Ex- change and the Sales Companies through their pooling systems, means an insurance policy for every member in the selling -and marketing of his crop. It is my belief that in the years to come the American Cranberry Exchange, as a growers' co- operative, will be needed more than ever by the industry. familiar \yith the wild marshes as small boys. The Gibbses are steeped in the cranberry tradition as strongly as any family may be. S. B. Gibbs built his first small bog — a quarter acre at first — as far back as 1887, which was the year he was married. This made his venture in cultivating cran- berries among the earlier ones in Carver, as Carver did not become cranberry conscious until much later than communities on the Cape. Today the total acreage owned, operated and managed by S. B. Gibbs and his two sons is no less than approximately 400, and last year the number of barrels shipped from their combined in- terests was about 23,000. That was higher than their average, as '42 was a big year for most Mas- sachusetts growers. But their average production is now up around 15,000 barrels, and this year they harvested about 17,000 barrels. The individual cranberry inter- ests of the three are, in the main, distinct and divided, yet they in- terlock through financial interests, a sharing of common problems, and a natural, happy "working to- gether" of father and sons. Each has his own particular bogs. The main interest of Mr. Gibbs, Sr., has always been the famed Wewe- antit Bog, which for many, many years has been known as one of the finest producing bogs in Mas- Six sachusetts. This property, which was where the wild berries were gathered, undoubtedly for genera- tions back, has been the fountain- head of the Gibbs cranberry inter- est. At least, it was where the really big start was made. Ruel is manager and treasurer of the Slocum-Gibbs Cranberry Company, with its series of bogs along the Weweantit river, still not far from the "Old Homestead," while Homer is presicent of the Watcrville Cranberry Company, his biggest interest, although he owns and manages other properties. The Weweantit and the bogs of the Slocum-Gibbs Company lie within a two-mile strip along the river on both sides in Carver and Wareham, while Homer's Waterville is locat- ed in the Waterville section of Middleboro, and his interests have carried him farther afield. Unravelling and putting togeth- er in orderly form the ramifica- tions of the varied interests of the Gibbses in the cranberry industry is no easy matter, but an inspir- ing one. However, the whole story goes back to the wild cran- berries about the "Old Home- stead," where Gibbses have lived into the sixth generation, and to the wisdom of the elder Mr. Gibbs in knowing a good thing when he saw it and then devoting his life to welding it into a successful business, then of passing along this foundation and experience for his sons to build upon still further. When Sam Gibbs was born in the "Old Homestead," back in the Civil War days, this location, which is in the town of Wareham, but just across the line from Car- ver, was a "back" area. Tremont street was not then the main road to South and the other Carvers. As a matter of fact it has not been hard-surfaced a great many years. In the early days the "Old Home- stead" was simply a farmhouse, surrounded by its fields and woods, where the Gibbses lived as farmers. Sam's great-grandfather, Thomas, was the first to live there, coming up from Sandwich on the Cape, where the Gibbses were among the earlier English settlers in that old- est of Cape towns. By family knowledge, Thomas went there to live when he was twenty, and he RUEL S. GIBBS President American Cranberry Exchange: President New England Cranberry Sales Company was born in 1751, which would make the date the Gibbses bought the property 1771, just before the Revolution. Just when it was built would be hard to determine, but its original occupant was a Briggs, and the Gibbses bought it from this family, and presumably it was a comparatively new house then. At any rate it is one of the really old houses of New England and its construction would place it as having been built not too far into the first half of the 1700's. It is a long way back to the Revolu- tion, but none but Gibbses have lived there since. It is now occu- pied by Mr. and Mrs. Homer Gibbs. their children making the sixth generation, and it has been beauti- fully restored and kept up, and will be given more attention later on in this ai-ticle. All Picked Wild Berries Sam, as a boy and youth, helped his father on the farm, and then became one of the ii-on workers, as Carver was then in its later days an iron-working town. He was a moulder at the Ellis Iron Foundry at South Carver. For a time he was also a worker in the Tremont Nail Company plant at Tremont (West Wareham). In off season from iron working, and summers, he began to work for George Bowers. George Peter Bowers must be credited with be- ing the first of the "big" Carver cranberry men, and it was his Bowers and Russell bog at East Head, built in 1878, that started off the building of big bogs in Car- ver. It was mainly the success of this bog that led to the construc- tion of the early large Carver properties by A. D. Makepeace, father of J. C. Makepeace, and by others, as A. D. Makepeace was among those interested in the property. Mr. Bowers was one of the most important of the Carver men of that time, an iron operator, and leader in affairs. Young Sam Gibbs carted ber- ries (with a horse and wagon, of Continued on Page 10) SercD America Is Still the Land of Free Homes and of Happy Hearts Last year at Christmas time we were looking back with fond memories of Christmas seasons of the past. This Christmas we are looking- ahead with confident hope. Looking- ahead to the happiest day of our lives. To the day when Victory and Peace are announced. The joy of Yuletide is more real this year by the growing certainty of Happier Christmases to come. To those of our boys and girls far away in service and to all others, Season's Greetings. This is the nineteenth of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public-spirited firms and individuals. A. C. Bennett & Son Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD Soutii Carver, Mass. • ISSUE OF DECEMBER, 1943 Vol. 8 No. 8 CHRISTMAS, 1943 T' IHE crop didn't turn out quite as large JL as some expected it would, but then, that is often the case, as it was with the man when he killed a pig he had fattened all year. Asked how much it weighed, he replied, "Not as much as I expected, but then. I didn't expect it would." The cost of producing and harvesting this crop has perhaps cost more than anticipated. But it has been produced, harvested, and sold at good prices, and Christmas is not far ahead and victory over Germany must be nearer. That is the biggest thing for all of us, this Christmas of 1943 — defeat of the Axis is approaching. There will be vacant places around the Christmas tree again this year. But for another Christmas — well, we can at least hope. There is a glimmer from the Star of Peace growing stronger through the clouds, and these clouds are thinning, ready to break away entirely. We will have paid a price for that star to shine bright again. When it does shine serene, somehow we must see that war does not ever obscure it. To all, our sincere best wishes of the season. THAT WEATHER BULLETIN WE have said before that cranberry growers are becoming better cran- berry growers. Eyents are bearing this out. We know our stuff better than we used to. Frost losses in recent years are one proof of this. This new weather bul- letin by Messrs. Franklin, Bergman and Stevens, three of the wise men of scientific cranberry culture, should point the way toward being still better cranberry men. This isn't a bulletin for the cranberry grower to skim through and then let lay around, to be eventually chucked in the waste basket. Its reference value alone is great. Thoughtful digesting of, and ap- plication of the information contained therein, should raise the cranberry grow- er's rating very considerably. A LESSON THERE is certainly a moral of some kind in the achievements of the Gibbs fam- ily of Massachusetts, as set forth in this ^^^HOHM.CRA«MWnr«^ Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Newr Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pombevton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application and the next issue of CRANBERRIES, and of the story of the Potters in last month's issue. Samuel B. Gibbs and the late M. O. Potter hewed to the line through long years when the going was tough. They passed on the love of cranberry growing to their sons, and their sons arose to their increased opportunities. Heartiest con- gratulations to Mr. Gibbs on his 81st birthday. DON'T SPARE THAT TREE THIS is just a line, but it is important to Massachusetts cranberry growers. The point is that unless box manufacturers get logs to make into boxes for next year they cannot make the boxes. The grower who can should cut logs on his property, as in- surance for himself against a repetition of the shortage this fall. Nin* The Gibbses : S. B. Gibbs, flanked by his sons. Homer L., left, and Ruel S., right (Continued from Page 7) course), for Mr. Bowers, and did other cranberry work. He also worked some for A. D. Makepeace. This early Carver cranberry work gave him a definite "in" on cran- berry growing from its very start in Carver, even though he was then working in a humble capacity. He learned the rudiments of cranberry growing from the "old masters" of the business, the "little cranberry giants" of the days of the begin- ning of cranberry cultivation as a real industry. Carver's most famous natural cranberry ground was "New Mea- dows," (now chiefly comprised of the bogs of Ellis D. Atwood), but there were a number of other places in which by nature cranber- ries grew plentifully. Broad Mea- dows, across the road from the "Old Homestead," and forming a part of the farm, was not the least of these. It was from this and Tea the other natural cranberry mea- dows that the Carver farmers cut their hay for the winter feed for their winter supply of cran- berries. Broad Meadows was then worth about $100 an acre for hay. It was low, swampy, wet by spring freshets. In patches of varying size were wild cranberry vines. The winter snows and the grasses protected the buds of the vines against the bitterest winter winds. There were few insects then which attacked the natural cranberries in their natural surroundings. Sam's father had "always" picked cranberries there each fall, and doubtless his grandfather, and there is every reason to believe this had gone on as far back as the days of the earliest Carver settlers. As a boy, he remembers helping his father carefully mow the grasses from portions where the vines grew best, to give the vines light and air in the growing sea- son. In the fall the whole family turned to and picked, women and all, in fact more women than men. If the crop was not too large the family picked all the berries them- selves. If they couldn't handle the wild crop they had, the berries were harvested by neighbors who picked "for halves". Some members of the family, women included, used the old- fashioned cranberry rake, the rake with the long handle which was quite generally used before the cranberry was cultivated. There were about half a dozen in all of these in the family. Sam's moth- er and others had their own indi- vidual rakes. Mr. Gibbs will recall how the cranberries wei'e screened by being poured from a bushel basket onto a big piece of cloth spread on the ground while the wind blew out the chaff. A good breeze was de- sirable for this screening. The winnowed berries were then dumped on a table in the barn, and around this the sorters sat with a milk pan between their knees. In- to the flat milk pan went the sound berries and into a discard basket went the unsound. These sorters were men, women and children, again usually more women than men. They often worked during the day and well into the evening. The berries were packed in flour barrels, hauled over the sandy roads to Wareham, and shipped away to New York by schooner, usually by a grain schooner owned by Ansel Gurney which brought in grain to the A. S. Gurney Grain company. Some years the Gibbs family gathered and packed as many as 100 barrels, selling them for four and five dollars a barrel. He can remember this autumnal procedure from his earliest days. How long before his first memories this had been going on he does not know — he never thought to ask. Got "Cranberry Fever" From George P. Bowers When he began to work for Mr. Bowers, "cranberry fever" was be- ginning to spread in Carver. He caught it. He knew about cran- berries and they grew about the "Old Homestead." He remembers one day Mr. Bowers, in his big, powerful voice told him: "Sam, if you can get hold of some money, put all you can get into cranber- ries. You'll never regret it." Sam took the advice and has not regretted it. In 1887 Mr. Gibbs married Car- oline Morse of West Wareham, and in that year his father gave him a maple swamp, and along the bank of the Weweantit he built his first bog, about a quarter acre. There were no cranberries growing naturally in this spot, but it was a good swamp bottom. Although there was a water supply avail- able at this first bog it was built as a cry one, and it was not until some years later when water was put into the Weweantit bog that he put in a pump, which was a Morrison force pump, one of the first pumps in Carver. His father often said later, that he regretted he had not gone into the cranberry business at the same time with his far-sighted son — he would have been better off financially. "We weren't bothered so much with frosts then, as we are now," Mr. Gibbs says. "We never thought too much about frost. If there was a bad frost we lost our crop, or part of it, and if there wasn't any frost we had a good crop. Dry bogs, for a good many years were considered all right, and some of the best crops were produced on these dry bogs. We weren't bothered so much by in- sects, either. These seemed to come in later." This first bog built by Mr. Gibbs was a good bearer then, and still is. The second bog he built was one which has always been known as the "Family Bog". This is lo- cated on the west side of the pres- ent Carver road, near the front of the "Old Homestead." A brook runs through it, giving it good flowage. It is one of about four acres. Italian iron workers from the mills at Tremont, many of these workers recently having come over from Italy, helped in the building of this bog, and "very strong", willing workers they were. Several members of the Gibbs family had money in the building of this property, giving it its un- THE "OLD HOMESTEAD" Six generations of the family have lived here ofl^cial name. Sam now holds a half interest. Weweantit Bog Then came his entry into cran- berry growing on a really large scale. This was the conversion of the natural cranberry-bearing "Broad Meadow" into cultivated bog. As previously stated, his father did not own all of this meadow, but Sam bought up these pieces owned by outsiders and pro- ceeded to build the 28-acre Wewe- antit bog. This has, from the time it was built, been considered one of the finest-bearing bogs in Mas- sachusetts. The meadow was ditched, diked and drained. It was not necessary to turf it. The thick grass was merely laid down by spreading six to ten inches of sand. The planting was to Early Blacks and Howes. A little more than 100 men took part in the building, which began in April and the vine setting was finished in June. This was completed just two years before the New England Cranberry Sales Company was organized in 1907. The develop- ment was not entirely financed by himself. Dr. Charles R. Rogers of East Wareham, Colburn C. Wood of Plymouth, and Dr. Ellis of Marlboro being financially inter- ested, and the Weweantit Cran- berry Company was the organiza- tion. This has always been Mr. Gibbs' "biggest interest" bog, and he has always had active management — until this fall. Then, as picking time was beginning, he lost the services of his foreman and turned the management over to Homer. At this bog there is a sizeable warehouse and here in years past the crop has been screened and packed. With the Weweantit as his main interest, Mr. Gibbs has acquired and built a number of additional small bogs, mostly in the vicinity of the Weweantit. He, in fact, finished building one not long ago. As the Weweantit cranberry bog came into bearing before the for- mation of the New England Cran- berry Sales Company, Mr. Gibbs had been disposing of his berries from that and the other bogs through commission men. He had not always found complete satis- faction in this method of crop dis- tribution. On one of his first trips to Wareham, when plans were under way for the organization of the Sales Company, C. M. Chaney, now general manager of the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange, called on Mr. Gibbs, and he was induced Eleven to sell his crop through Mr. Chan- ey. Then the Sales Company was proposed and Mr. Gibbs liked the idea of cooperative selling. He joined the Sales Company as a charter member. "You just couldn't get me out of the Sales Company now," is the way he sums up his experience with the Sales Company and cooperative selling. He is one of three charter mem- bers attencing the last annual meeting, and his association goes back far enough to miss the faces of his old friends at the present Sales Company meetings. He re- members well those important cranberry men who were in their prime at the turn of the century. Mr. Gibbs today is in excellent health. He is a big man physical- ly, powerfully built, and has done a great deal of hard work. He is rather reticent as to speech, but through his sharp, alert eyes he has seen much of the development of the cranberry industry, and as a practical grower on a large scale has contributed his full share to its development. Ruel Becomes Grower It was his desire to pass this cranberry experience along that started Ruel in the cranberry busi- ness. When Ruel, born May 11, 1890, was graduated from Dart- mouth College in 1912, his father asked him v.-hat he intended to do, now that he was through college. Ruel, who had not made up his mind, says he remembers he re- plied he thought he "might teach school, or something." He dis- tinctly recalls this conversation which took place after graduation exercises as they were sitting out under the elms at Hanover. "Why don't you come into the cranberry business with me?" his father asked. Ruel had been studying business administration, the last year attending the Amos Tuck School of Business Adminis- tration. Before going to Dart- mouth he had been graduated from Tabor Academy at Marion, Mass. His father was successfully oper- ating the Weweantit bog and Ruel, of course, could not help but absorb a good deal of knowledge about cranberry growing. The business was a "natural" for him. For a brief time he worked with his father on the Weweantit, al- though he never had any financial interest in it. Soon he began to branch out in his own name. He bought up a number of bogs, most- ly smaller ones, but all in the vi- cinity of the Weweantit river. These were the "Crocker" bogs, about 15 acres; the Hennessy bog, best known as the "Jack" Hennes- sy bog, the Murdock bog of 25 acres, the Tom Phillips bog of about 10 acres, the John Fisher and the larger Myricks bogs of about 75 acres. (Continued in next issue) Screenhouse at Weweantit Bog Iceland Cranberries (Continued from Pase 4) damp, with cool summers, and win- ters that are much milder than Central Wisconsin's. When I first came here I was impressed with the big swamps, with no trees growing in them to add to the expense of cultivating fields. Soon I found out that blue- berries grow wild in considerable numbers on the lower hills near these swamps, and this reminded me of the prevalence of blueberries and cranberries in the same local- ities in Central Wisconsin. I studied the books you sent me last year, and then got in touch with Icelanders in an agricultural school and in a farmers' coopera- tive that has an experimental farm. We discovered that in Ice- land, growing wild, are two va- rieties of the cranberry species, namely the vaccinum vitisidaea (known locally as "raudber" or "red berry") and vaccinum oxy- coccus (known locally as "myra- ber" or "marsh (mire) berry"). This information greatly stimu- lated my interest, and I set about to find a local promoter for a trial project. The item in the Cranberry Magazine you sent, tell- ing of cranberry vines on Attu Island, in the Aleutians, would have further stimulated me, had I read it a year ago when I was try- ing to decide whether to get seri- ous about the idea! Well, I got the sponsor. I have a friend named Haukur Snorrason, who is a keyman in the Kaup- fjelag Eyfirdinga at the city of Akureyri in the North of Iceland. The Kaupfjelag (Selling Associa- tion of Island Fiord County Peo- ple," or as we would put it, a "co- operative") has an experimental farm and a budget for agricultural experiments. They were easy to convince, and reasoned, "Well, Leif Eiriksson took a chance (when he sailed to discover America), so why should- n't we?" A secondary sponsor, rather impotent and lacking in resources, was a fellow named Vigefuss Helgason, a teacher at the Baendaskoli (Farmers' School) at Holar in Hjaltadal in Skagat- firdi county, also in the North; I arranged for the co-op to give him a few vines to try out in his marsh at the school. So far, so good, but then the trouble started. The Icelanders only run a ship about once a month on the New York run. The four boxes of vines reached their agent in New York just as a ship sailed, and it was too late to get them aboard. So they didn't leave New York un- til around June 1st, and did not Twelve Long-Anticipated Bulletin, ''Weather In Cranberry Culture/' Is Now Out This Massachusetts State College Publication by Dr. Franklin, Dr. Bergman and Dr. Stevens Invalu- able Treatise for Grower The long-awaited and much an- ticipated bulletin, "Weather in Cranberry Culture," by Henry J. Franklin, H. F. Bergman and Neil E. Stevens, a publication of the Massachusetts Experiment Station at Massachusetts State College, Dr. F. J. Sievers, president, has been printed and released to cran- berry growers. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association considered this of sufficient im- portance to provide funds from its own treasury to cover the cost get to Akureyri where they were to be planted until late in June. The stems were mostly still soft, the moss was still damp, many leaves inside the boxes were still green, and some of the shoots were beginning to grow thin, wWte sprouts when we unpacked them and put them in water to await completion of the field. Undoubt- edly, the plants took a terrible beating in being out of the ground so very long, and were in poor con- dition when finally planned on June 27, 28 and 29! The field itself is a model cran- beny field, I assure you. We made it just like the books said. I wrote up a summary of all the dope I got out of all the pamph- lets you sent, and I even trans- posed all measurements into the metric system so the fellow out at the farm wouldn't get mixed up. Haukur, in turn, translated it into Icelandic for the farmer's use. We chose a location in deep, black, muck soil, formerly covered with sod and grass which we spaded under. Right at hand is a small stream that always flows with cool water. Also right at hand is a hot-water stream which has a very low sulphur content that the chemist at the co-op claims wouldn't hurt plants. (Some time when we get real brave, we'll try the warm water to flood one-half of the field; with warm water, an extremely thin film of water over the ground should throw off enough heat to prevent freezing without touching the upper part of the vines at all). (Continued next month) of a limited number bound with a special cover. This bulletin, No. 402, is considered one of the most vital cranberry publications to date. Great interest has been shown in it throughout the cran- berry industry. This bulletin (paper covered) of 91 pages represents the weather research and findings of a good many years, the compilation of data since the establishment of the cranberry experiment station at East Wareham in 1910, and, in fact, weather records have been searched back to the Civil War. Dr. Franklin has put a great deal of concentrated work into its prep- aration the past three or four years. Many tables and charts make it invaluable for reference. The first part is by Dr. H. F. Bergman, "The Relation of Ice and Snow on Winter-Flooded Cran- berry Bogs to Vine Injury from Oxygen Deficiency," bringing his oxygen studies up to date, and the final section is by Dr. Neil E. Stevens, "Relation of Weather to the Keeping Quality of Massachu- setts Cranberries." The main por- tion of the booklet is Dr. Frank- lin's "Cranberry Ice." All of it is of great importance to the cranberry grower and will not be skimmed through by any grower who wants to know what effect weather has upon his cran- berry profits. Dr. Franklin points out some of the features which he considers of special significance. These include his formulas, both for noon and evening forecasts (pages 40-41), upon which he bases his frost warnings to grow- ers, and the dew point tables (pages 52, 53 and 54). With pro- per comprehension of the informa- tion contained hei'e any grower may work out his own weather forecast for his particular bog without waiting for Franklin's official forecast. In regard to this under "Flooding," he emphasizes the last paragraph on page 64, which contains this very specific advice: "It is better in the long run to chance moderate losses by frost than to waste water and reduce the crop by flooding too often. Most growers with bogs in warm or even average lo- cations in Southeastern Mas- sachusetts will probably fare much better in the long run if they flood only when the dif- ference between the wet-bulb temperature and the dew point toward the coast and inland is greater than that between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temper- atures in the same places. Frost flooding should never be done anywhere when the dif- ference between the dry-bulb and the wet-bulb reading is more than one degree greater locally than that between the wet-bulb temperature and the dew point." On page 46 is the information, "All the widely destructive cran- berry frosts in Massachusetts (with a few noted exceptions since 1879) were preceded by a week with rainfall much below normal for the time of year." The appli- cation of this information, and careful reading of footnotes on page 47, should enable a grower to predict frost possibilities a week in advance. The significance of some of these facts might escape the reader's attention without due care in di- gesting the information. Dr. Franklin also points to the stud- ies, "Sun Spots and Vulvanism," as concerns frost (page 57) and the reference to the Solar Con- stant (page 59) in which the state- ment is made, "A prediction of the solar constant. .. .suggests that the seasons of 1945 and 1946 will be very frosty." He points out the great value of the information contained in Dr. Bergman's studies, and Dr. Stevens', and in "Miscellania," es- pecially to "Cranberry Size and Keeping Quality," and the final paragraph, "Late Ripening and Keeping Quality." Dr. Franklin hopes, if sufficient interest is shown and cranberry club meetings are held in Massa- chusetts this winter, that he may be able to elaborate verbally upon some of the points in this paper which growers do not fully under- stand, and about which they may have questions. TUrtMB '43 Box Problem Now Over, Mass. Turns To '44 Supply Containers of Sorts Were Found to Move Berries, But Next Fall's Answer Must be Found Now The box shortage which had growers up against a real prob- lem was solved, as indicated last month, by the hasty obtaining of enough substitute containers to get the crop to market. By early in November the packers were over the hump. Efforts of the New England Cranberry Sales, the Exchange, the Beaton Distributing Agency, and others to rustle up sufficient containers in time proved to be successful. Shooks enough to provide for about 50,000 barrels were obtained in the Pennsylvania substitute box shipment, and these were nailed up by Jesse A. Holmes & Son and F. H. Cole, while the Acushnet Saw Mill company prepared heads. Corrugated cardboard apple con- tainers were used as was neces- sary, although admittedly these were not designed for shipping cranberries and were not 100% satisfactory, but were made to do under the circumstances. Regular quarters were available for the balance. The 200,000 feet of lumber which Holmes obtained from New Hamp- shire was not used for this year's cranberry crop, but is held on hand ready to start in for next year's supply. While this year's ci'isis was passed, a far worse situation will loom up next year unless every possible step is taken to prevent it. A. D. Benson of the Sales com- pany declares that one of the greatest difficulties lies in getting Government permission for local mills to give sufficient time to the making of cranberry boxes. The recently-obtained rating of AAA-3 is the highest possible to obtain for cranberry containers, but if the local mills can be allotted more time to the manufacture of cran- berry boxes for this local industry, danger of this year's trouble again will be lessened. That is one of the angles upon which the Sales Company is to start immediately, now that the market season is ending. Aside from this permission for the mills to give more time to cranberry boxes, there is the equal- ly, if not even more fundamental question of the supply of lumber for the mills to work with. Nor- man Holmes of the Holmes saw mills, whose visit to Washington with E. C. McGrew of the Ex- change, helped so materially in the obtaining of substitute boxes, is still very much alarmed over this situation. Efforts will be made in Massachusetts to get every grower who has wood on his property to get it out. This short timber is highly desirable for box manufac- ture and it is to the personal in- terest of the growers who have this timber to get cut all they possibly can. Mr. Holmes, Mr. Benson and others who understand the situation say it is very much up to the grower now to take the view that if he doesn't help him- self out in obtaining a greater sup- ply of lumber he may be without any boxes at all next fall. '44 Supply of Insec- ticide Continues "Conflicting" Agriculturists are Urged to Decide on Minimum Needs and Get in Orders and Accept Delivery- Latest issue of A. I. F. News (Agricultural Insecticides & Fun- gicide Association) says the sup- ply outlook on agricultural insecti- cides and fungicides continues to be "conflicting." Some materials will be adequate to plentiful, oth- ers are uncertain. "If the program now on paper can be carried out there should be sufficient total supply to protect important food crops from serious injury. Extenders, substitutes, and alternate materials must again be used wherever possible." Best advice at present is still to decide early on your minimum needs. Consult early with your source of supply and get your or- der in early. A telegram to A. I. F. from Philip H. Groggins, chief of W. F, A.'s chemicals and fertilizers branch, stresses this, saying in part: "War Food Administration urges farmers to help make the 1943-44 distribution of in- secticides and fungicides fully effective by placing orders now and requesting early delivery. . Because of transportation, labor and storage difficulties it is necessary to keep insecti- cides and fungicides moving if manufacturers are to meet needs. Manufacturers have been taking in raw materials for next season since Septem- ber 1 and the finished insecti- cides are now building up in storage. . . . Unless farmers co- operate with War Food Ad- ministration by accepting sup- plies early we may encounter serious problems." Deliveries to Cranberry Canners About 26 per cent of the Massa- chusetts crop (Government esti- mate) had been turned over to Cranberry Canners by the middle of November and berries were still coming in. New Jersey has deliv- ered 32 per cent of estimated crop, Wisconsin 17 per cent, and Washington and Oregon have de- livered 80 per cent of their re- vised crop estimate, of which 30 per cent was shipped fresh. With the exception of Massachu- setts and Wisconsin, growers have delivered cranberries to exceed the requested 30 per cent of members, asked for on October 1, in view of actual Government order. Operation has been very slow under extremely difficult labor and general war conditions, and where- as the 225,000 barrels which Can- ners could handle under pre-war conditions in 60 days, the process- ing this year will take 200 days. Canners expect to pay its second dividend in early November and is striving to meet the $15.00 a bar- rel price, which was announced in June as the future aim. Fourteen All Plants of Canners Are Now Dehydrating Cranberry Canners' dehydrating- plants in each state are operating in full force on Government order. In Massachusetts the Plymouth plant by mid-November had put out 200,000 pounds and the Han- son plant still has several weeks to run. In New Jersey, Canners' members have delivered approxi- mately 20,000 barrels, of which 13,000 are suitable for dehydra- tion, or more than the 11,000 scheduled for Government oi'ders. About 4,000 barrels have been pro- vided by Wisconsin growers, suit- able for dehydrization, and as 11,000 barrels were scheduled at the Gurnes, Illinois plant, 7,000 will be sent from Massachusetts and New Jersey. On the West Coast, the Grayland plant has completed its 11,000 bar- rel run for the Government, and is dehydrating for civilian consump- tion. Total output of all plants is ex- pected to be about 875,000 pounds for the armed forces, plus a small quantity for civilians. In addition the A. D. Makepeace Company will produce 125,000 pounds at its plant in Wareham as part of the Gov- ernment order. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) should look a little better, as the crop this fall was not unduly large. Cape Staging Comeback? — There is no way of accurately checking the size of the Cape proper crop, but it is roughly placed at around 100,000 barrels. No estimate by counties is given in the Federal report, but if the crop was approx- imately 100,000, Barnstable Coun- ty is staging rather a comeback in production. The crop year be- fore last was about 100,000, last year's was off somewhat, but -still reasonably good. Of course this increase in production is true of Plymouth County as well, but the quick rate of gain is probably greater on the Cape, and for a time Cape production was showing a lowering trend. This would ap- pear to be a direct result of con- tinued educational work: (1) in- cluding cranberry clubs, of which County Agent Bertram Tomlinson was the real founder), and (2) the favorable prices which have now been prevailing. Of the two possibly the latter was more im- pelling. As long as this favorable price return to the growers con- tinues improvement can be expect- ed. With lower prices some Cape growers were paying attention to their bogs, mostly only to pick what berries there were. Now, many are turning back a reason- able proportion of their profits into improvements, some, in fact, are doing a great deal, although many Cape bogs are still too much run down through neglect. It is reasonable to expect as long as this period of favorable prices for cranberries continues, it will re- flect the growers' confidence by investing part of their funds to put their bogs in better shape and take better care of them, which, in turn, will natui'ally work toward bigger average Cape yields. shipping boxes this year. In the meantime, however, it is felt that steps should be taken early to as- sure next year's supply. NEW JERSEY TlWater Sufficient — There has been a reasonably wet period and the long summer and fall drought was broken the last week in October. Since that time there have been fairly decent rain conditions. Most of the reservoirs have water now for winter flowage. About as much sanding is being done as usual, and the regular fall work is going on as well as possi- ble with labor shortage. Greater eff'ort is being made this year to dig sand from the pits and pile it up whei-e it will be more available for handling later in the year. ULabor High — Labor continues scarce, is higher in its demand for pay, and generally considered in- efficient. With the extremely small crop Jersey produced this year, there was no "panic" for pickers among the growers, and the crop as it was was gotten off very eas- ily. Also with the small crop there was little or no trouble about OREGON Cranberry Interest Growing — There is a good deal of interest in cranberry growing in Oi'egon right now, stimulated in part, be- yond a doubt, by Cranberry Can- ners coming into the region and providing this additional market for cranberries. Canners proved very useful this year to its mem- bers. Some bogs were water- raked and the fruit dried and taken to the canners. It is be- lieved a change is coming in from hand picking to water raking to a greater extent than in the past. More people are looking for suit- able cranberry land, and many others ai'e making additional planting on their properties. WASHINGTON Harvest conditions turned out to have been one of the worst on record, with constant rains, and much of the picking had to be done under such conditions. There were hot spells and two frosts, all of which reduced the crop. There proved to be a bad infestation of worms in the Long Beach area. Early estimates had been for about 10,000 barrels from this area, but estimates have cut this now to less than 5,000 barrels and the yield for the whole of Wash- ington will fall considerably below early predictions. WISCONSIN nCrop 100,000— The Wisconsin crop, it now appears, may not run quite to 100,000 barrels, but if it does not it will be very close to it. This spring thei-e was one of the finest blooms ever had, but the crop just didn't materialize. Berries, ROBERT LENARI Real Estalor Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Fifteen however, were very good in color and quality. TlBerries All Shipped — The crop was practically all shipped by early November, and the week be- fore Thanksgiving had been en- tirely shipped, and growers were very pleased, in view of scarcity of help and transportation, to get the berries off their hands. There was no box shortage, as a supply was secured well in advance. ^Less Fall Rain — The Northern part of the state had snow the middle of the month, about sixteen inches, but around the central part of the state the snow up toward the end of the month had been comparatively light, less than one inch at the Rapids on Nov. 18. Fall rain has been less than last year, but everyone will have plenty of water for winter flooding. ^Less Winter Sanding — Most grow- ers are figuring on doing some sanding, but not anywhere near as much as usual, because of the la- bor shortage. Vines in general look good and there is a nice bud, but of course it will take the right weather conditions to produce the crop. The Thanksgiving clean-up of berries was excellent, so much of the crop having been marketed by that time that it was expected all but a few odds and ends would be entirely disposed of the first week or so in December. Fulfillment of orders from Massachusetts speed- ed up during early November from the lag (due to screenhouse and trucking labor shortage) earlier in the season and had entirely caught up by Thanksgiving. On Novem- ber 24th shipments through Mid- dleboro were 743 cars as compared to 886 last year, but these have been full-sized cars all season, which made the amount in barrels abcut equal. Regarding the Massachusetts crop Government report said "ber- ries this season show very good color and keeping quality, but are only average in size," and ship- pers agree that berries were of exce lent quality and color this season, quite in contrast with those of last year. Cutting somewhat into Massachusetts total was the fact that fewer floats could be gathered (because of water and labor shortage), and it is possible this may have cut Massachusetts production by as much as 10,000 barrels. Setting the Massachusetts crop at 485,000, the Government gpve Wisconsin 102,000, New Jersey 62,000, Washington .34,000. ad ■ Oregon 8,400. Th^s is ahout a ' R ( per cent reduction from last year's ' production of 81.3,200 barrels, tut still 23 per cent above the average during the ten-year period (1932- '41). It is expected that by next inonth a more comprehensive survey of the 1943 marketing season will be given. All will agree, while it has been satisfactory in main points it produced many difficulties and was a hectic one. Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ARIEMS7>7/&r THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX SOS BRILLION, WIS Iflncome Up — It is expected this year's Wisconsin crop will gross nearly two million dollars. This is an increase from less than $300,- 000 ten years ago. Acreage in vines has also increased about 30 per cent since 1933. Crop Naerly Cleaned Up (Continued from Page 5) a considerable part, and, again, conscientious growers would like to put a sufficient proportion back into their bogs in repairs and reno- vation. This adequate bog main- tenance is more necessary now than ever, as bogs admittedly have deteriorated through sheer inabil- ity of growers to obtain labor. Prudent growers would much rath- er immediately return a proper proportion of their cranberry mon- ey to the bogs, but under condi- tions this fall are unable to do this. Income taxes will take a high percent, leaving the repairs to be done in future years when cranberries may not be selling at satisfactory prices and growers will not have the money to spend. Sixteen A Merry Christmas To Our Friends and Customers. It has been a pleasure serving and working with you for VICTORY. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 To the Cranberry Growers: We are purchasing* berries of the 1943 crop throug^h our Cape Cod Representative, The Beaton Distributing Agency, and we sugg-est that you get in touch with our Representative. MINOT FOOD PACKERS INC r A message from the front # When a famous correspondent came back from the war, he asked a front line general for a message for the home folks. The general thought it over. "I have only one," he said. "Tell the folks at home to stick together." Working together, we can w^in the war. And working together in harmonious cooperation we can reap the fruits of peace. PRESENTING AN $8,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY Library APE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO HOMER L. GIBBS, President Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association anuary, 1944 25 cents Best Wishes for the New Year... At this time, New Year. 1944, we salute all our friends throughout the cranberry industry. To those it has been our privilege to serve during 1943, our sincere appreciation. To all we wish a happier, prosperous 1944, coupled with the wish that this twelvemonth may bring VICTORY and PEACE. BEATON DISTRIBUTING AGENCY M. C. BEATON Wareham, Mass. JOHN J. BEATON G. T. BEATON f^f^/(^ARAPPYjpj^jl0 1944 11CT0M They Look So Well Together DID YOU EVER SEE A HANDSOMER COMBINATION OF WORDS? NINETEEN FORTY-FOUR AND VICTORY? OUR EFFORTS CAN DO A LOT TOWARD TEAMING THEM UP. LET'S MAKE THIS YEAR A DATE THAT WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin RESOLVED: The beginning of a netv year is a good time to revieiv the prin- ciples which guide our business life, reaffirm the things we hold true, and renounce those which draw us from, the goal we are seeking. Below are the objectives which have guided Cranberry Canners, Inc., for the past 13 years, and to which we again pledge our- selves in 19Ji.U. To provide a profitable market, through processing, for cranberries which, be- cause of tender quality or surplus quantity, cannot be sold profitably as raw fruit. To stop growers' losses through shrinkage. To insure the sale of the total crop every year at a profit to the grower. To avoid the losses of large crops or tender crops by widening the market for cranberries to include all people and all seasons. To produce a ready-to-serve cranberry sauce so high in quality and so low in cost that it is within the purse-strings of every consumer; and by so doing, to insure a market for even the largest cranberry crop at a profit to growers. To increase the grower's income by developing labor-saving machinery and equipment and more economical methods of operation which processing makes possible and which reduce the cost of growing, sorting, and pack- ing. To discover, through research, ways to turn wastes into profits. To save the grower money by pooling purchases of supplies and materials uni- versally used on all cranberry bogs. To be alert to the needs of a changing world and to protect the growers' inter- ests by anticipating trends and preparing to meet them so that cranberries may always be available to consumers in the form in which they want them. To make these advantages available to all cranberry growers through a coop- erative owned and operated by growers in which each member shares, ac- cording to his patronage, the benefits of the cooperative. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich-, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Coquille, Ore. Markham, Wash. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY HAPPY NEW YEAR ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Bank of Bandon Bandon, Oregon Serving Coos and Curry Counties Since 1904 The PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES .Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES, Prop.) Wareham, Mass. Your guess as to 1944 is as good as ours, but if our wishes materialize there will be a lot more happiness. And we will give you the best service we can. This is the time for Repairs to Dusters and Other Equipment Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS-US BRAND SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY HAPPY NEW YEAR SINCERE BEST WISHES TO DUR FRIENDS AND PATRONS IN THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY Stauffer Chemical Company 420 Lexington Avenue New York, N. Y. Middleborough Trust Co. MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Let's Start the New Year Right! A brand new start a new year that promises to bring us closer and closer to Vic- tory each day. So don't let the sands of time slip by unnoticed. Today is the day to do that duty that brings us nearer to Victory. Electricity is helping to win the war. Use it for effic- iency, but use it wisely in 1944. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIENS7i7/er teJ3— I THE MOST ^ COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES \i IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX SOS BRILLION WIS CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts To GroMrers: If You Want BOXES NEXT FALL You MUST cut Logs NOW Tel. Carver 10-4 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estaix>r Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Capt. Wm. H. Haighf, Wisconsinite, Developing Cranberries In Iceland Capt. Haig-ht Cited for His Iceland Work (Continued from last month) The gradient for draining the fields is good for rapid and deep drainage. We laid down 3 inches of sand, of a rather coarse type, with a few pebbles, on top of the levelled field. The ditches are 50 centimeters deep and the dikes are 100 centimeters high. The field is in two sections, one at higher level than the other, and separated, so flooding is separate for each half. Each field is 4.5 meters wide by 11 meters long . . . not big, but enough to see if they will grow, we feel. We planted them in hills 20 centimeters apart each way, and pushed them down into the ground with dibbles which my company carpenter made, to a distance to reach the bottom of the sand and slightly into the soil beneath. We planted 5 in each hill instead of the "2 or 3" recommended, to al- low for 50% of them to fail the first season, due to the late start. Well, then came more trouble. Northern Iceland had its coldest summer since . 1883! Very little sunshine, and cold weather all summer long! In mid- August, the potatoes froze in the same valley where the cranberries are. But, of course, they followed flooding in- structions carefully and watched the thermometer and none of the cranberries actually froze. In late August, the report was that about half of those we plant- ed were still growing, and each hill had at least one plant that was very much alive. Of course, they didn't do much growing, but just barely kept alive. We could- n't have struck a worse summer, since your father and mine were very young boys! Incidentally, the Icelanders were much sur- prized to see how the flooding trick kept them alive when their potatoes froze in the adjacent fields. "What strange inventions these Americans have got," they said. Vigfuss, over in the other val- ley, didn't do such a scientific planting job, and by early August he claimed only about 4% of his vines were alive. His experiment can be written off as a complete failure this year, I fear. Well, in talking to Haukur last month, he said he thinks they had better send to you for more vines and re-plant their field next spring. Probably best to send them earlier, and make close co- ordination with the Iceland steam- ship company in New York, which he will arrange with them by cable and letter this winter. I wrote to him the other day, and said I, too, Four fr — ' CAPT. WM. H. HAIGHT had concluded it would be wise to try the replanting again next spring, in early June. What is your recommendation as to plant- ing new vines in each hill right along side of the ones that sur- vive this winter and are still there when the planting takes place next spring? If it is a normal summer in 1944, I am sure the thing is going to succeed. I have carefully checked weather records on frost at ground level in that valley, and find only a few days of frost is typical the latter half of May, only a very few the first half of June, virtually none from mid- June to mid-August, only a few in late August, and not many in September until after the 20th. Usually they have lots of sun- shine, and our field is on the east side of a valley where the sun will get a good crack at the cranber- ries from noon throughout the afternoon and evening (sun shines all night in early summer, of course, and until about 10 p. m. even in August.) I am trying to get someone in Southern or Western Iceland in- terested in trying an experimental plot for 1944. I have talked to the headmasters at two agricul- tural schools in those parts of the country, and to a farmer near Reykjavik who has some suitable land available and is interested in new ideas. But I am up against diplomatic difficulties in this plan, as the co- op at Akureyri probably wants to keep the thing in their own con- Capt. Haight, who is now in- telligence o cer at headquarters, Iceland Base Command, has re- cently received the Legion of Merit citation. Capt. Haight's ci- tation is for winning Icelandic cordiality toward American troops stationed in Iceland. This citation reads that he "established and maintained cooperative and cordial relations with the Icelandic popu- lation, this project being accom- plished in spite of many unfavor- able factors and conditions miti- gating against its success. In spite of these difficulties, he suc- ceeded in developing American- Icelandic friendship to a high de- gree, thereby contributing mater- ially to the morale of the American garrison." Capt. Haight, who is 29, besides being a reporter before his army life, at one time was public rela- tions director of the Wisconsin Automobile association and editor of its publication. He is a grad- uate of the University of Wiscon- sin, was active in R. 0. T. C. mili- tary offairs at Madison. He en- tered the armv in 1940. trol, to exploit it for themselves and their own farmer-members if it proves successful. I may, how- ever, get some of these other fel- lows interested enough, so that there will be two separate orders for a few vines each, to plant next spring. Now if it does succeed, the ques- tion is, "What will they do with cranberries in Iceland?" Well, the Icelanders are extremely eager for any kind of fruit or vege- tables that will grow in their rela- tively barren country. And it is an Icelandic custom to eat jam and jelly with meat (meat is most- ly mutton.) Last winter I sent to the States for a dozen cans of canned cranberries, which I gave to various key-men at the co-op and elsewhere, for them to taste. They all reported it was splendid, and could be widely marketed in Iceland. If the berries do mature and we start to get a crop, the next step will be to get from you and trans- late into Icelandic some of the recipes for making various kinds of dishes with cranberries. Ice- (Continued on Pagre IS) Issue of January, 1944 — Vol. 8, No. 9 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. Marketing the 1943 Crop "The American Cranberry Exchange sold the Wisconsin crop (its proportion of it) at the highest average price, $18,729 per barrel, or more than $4.00 per barrel higher than any previous crop, the previous highest average price being in 1921 when the average was $14.43 per barrel. The 1943 crop was not a short one. In fact, the crop of the country was a little above the average, but the buying power or consumer demand made a short crop of it. You often heard me, and my brother before me, say that demand is by far the predominating price factor." The above statement made by C. M. Chaney, General Manager of the American Cranberry Exchange at the winter meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company at Wisconsin Rapids, December 8th, and the following extracts touch concisely upon some of the highlights of the extraordinary cranberry marketing season just ended. "I wish to make what I consider =■ a conservative statement by saying that three times the quantity of cranberries we had to sell on the fresh market could have been sold fresh this year at good prices." "This is the first year in the existence of the Exchange that we had to exercise our right to pro- rate from all the different states, and it was a mighty lucky thing that we had such a clause in our conditional order contracts, other- wise we woud have had difficulty with the trade. However, don't get the idea that we are in bad with the trade. On the contrary, I do not believe our standing was ever better, especially with the better class of trade. "Possibly it is only natural for us as growers to be envious of the trade's profit on cranberries this year, but there have been years when their profit has been mighty slim, so I figure that the profit the trade may make this year will pay the growers dividends in future years. "Now some may feel that wc have not taken full advantage 'of our unusual position this year by asking or demanding higher prices. I still think that we could have gotten by with higher prices in so far as the trade was concerned, but, could we have gotten by without government entanglements. (Continued on Page 14) 1943 Production Not Short Crop The 1943 cranberry crop appar- ently totals from 665-675,000 to 686,000 barrels, the latter figure being that of the December re- lease by the USDA. C. M. Chaney of the American Cranberry Ex- change has estimated from 665 to 675 thousand. The difiference in the figure lies chiefly in what the Massachu.setts crop will turn out to be. The Government figures allow Massachusetts 485, while Mr. Chaney is inclined to feel produc- tion was not more than 475.000 top, provided he has made due al- lowance for independent berry shipments under the unusual cir- cumstances of this marketing sea- son. Wisconsin pretty definitely got about 102.000 barrels, the Govern- ment figures give New Jersey 62,000. Washington 29,000, and Oregon 8,000. However, either 665-675,000 bar- rels or 686,000 would be consider- MASSACHUSETTS !lUnprotected Bogs — Greatest top- ic among growers right now is: "Have you got enough water and are you getting your bogs un- der?" As December ends, many bogs are still unflooded or have been able to obtain only a frost flowage. Many bogs ordinarily do not get flowed until after the first of the year, but this year the proportion of vines still -out is greater than ever. Water supplies in most cases are at an insufficient minimum, although a few fortu- nate growers are all protected. Up Middlesex County the bogs had ample water and are in full flood. It is not so in Plymouth and Bristol Counties, although the situation is somewhat better in Barnstable. There ponds have not receded too much from a very high level 'ast spring. But in Plymouth most ponds and reservoirs were away down and have not recovered. tIDry for Long Time — This is not strange, as the past three years have been on the dry side. Rain- fall this year (up to Dec. 1) re- corded at the State Bog was 34.67 inches, which is less than normal, the precipitation for 1942 was 49.68, which wasn't particularly dry, yet was not wet, and 1941 was a very dry year. This obvi- (Continued on Page 15) abl total ten year Je above the , (1932-41) average, and the Govern- ment estimate is only a 14 per cent drop from last year's big produc- tion. So, in spite of every war- time difficulty, the 1943 cranberry crop was not a short production. Five The Story of S. B. Cibbs, and Sons, Ruel and Homer (Continued from Last Month) By CLARENCE J. HALL Ruel then started to branch out (from the Weweantit river section), and with Charles Hathaway of West Wareham, his father, and Edward Slocum of Everett, bought and built to its present size the 40 acre Miller Brook bog, near South Middleboro, but actually in the town of Rochester. His father had pre- viously built a part of this bog. The Slocum- Gibbs Cranberry Company was organized at this time, 1919, with Ruel Gibbs as treasurer and manager. Most of these properties were older bogs and most of them dry. Some had been built by Ben Nickerson of Harwich, one of the better- known earlier Cape pioneers who came up into Plymouth County, bringing their eirlier-ac- quired cranberry experience. Crops had been rather problematical on some of these bogs, but they were improved and water facilities proviced. Nineteen seventeen was cf course the year of World War I for the United States, and the war for a short time turned his interests away from cranberry growing. He went to Brown University for a training course of thee months (in construction), was stationed at Fort Adams, R. L, then was sent to Fortress Monroe in Vir- ginia to Coast Artillery School. But the armistice was signed, and he was out of service, and immediately re- sumed his cranberry work. The original properties he still holds and operates, but the suc- cessful building up and operating of these properties has not always been easy, and without difficulties. The Slocum-Gibbs holding now to- tals about 200 acres. The Myricks bogs which are the largest unit are now all flowed from a bog reservoir which is filled by Crane Brook. The brook has been dammed and the water is pumped electrically by Bailey pump into an upper reservoir of 50 acres and then onto the bogs. The water reaches the bogs from the reser- voir by gravity, and after being used is let back into the river. Martha, daughter of Mr. and CRANBERRIES PHOTO Mrs. Ruel Gibbs, keeping tally last fall Ruel, early in his cranberry ca- reer (1914), still following in the footsteps of his father, joined the Sales Company. He became active in its affairs and was a director, member of Auditing committee. Six Canning committee, Pooling com- mittee. Executive committee, lead- ing to his election as president. This has obviously worked out, not only to his own good advant- age but to the Sales Company as well. Otherwise it would not have honored him by making him the elective head of this largest unit making up the American Cranberry Exchange. This was in 1940. In its long existence the Sales Com- pany has had but three presidents before Mr. Gibbs. These presi- dents were George R. Briggs of Plymouth, one of the leaders in its organization, and he headed the company from its founding in 1907 until his death in 1931. Then John C. Makepeace served until 1935, and then LeBaron R. Barker led the organization for five years until he resigned and Mr. Gibbs was chosen. Becomes President Cranberry Exchange In 1942 Ruel Gibbs was further elevated in the field of cranberry cooperatives by being elected pres- ident of the American Cranberry Exchange, now holding this posi- tion which but three also have held before him. The first president of the Exchange was the late Joseph J. White of New Jersey, George R. Briggs and A. U. Chaney until his death December 2, 1941. It has fallen to the lot of Ruel Gibbs, in the highest office in this great fresh fruit cooperative, to pilot it through this greatest of all wars. Ruel Gibbs, like his father, is a tall man, quiet in manner and reserved in speech. His presi- dential talks at company meetings are noteworthy for their concise- ness and directness. His thinking seems in New England tradition, without aflfectation, and to the point. In 1923 he married Hazel Kim- ball, and Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have two daughters, Martha and Sally. Miss Martha attended House-in- the Pines, Gushing Academy, Wel- lesley college, and is now in her senior year at Erskine School. This fall, with the scarcity of workers in every field, she carried out her Gibbs cranberry heritage by stepping in and working regular time as a tally-keeper for her father. Sally is ten years old and attends Wareham public schools. Ruel was not born in either Car- ver or Wareham, Jaut while his mother was visiting in Rochester. He, however, grew up in Carver and under Carver's cranberry in- fluence. For a time he made his home in South Carver, until their house was destroyed by fire, and since then Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have lived in a substantial white house on Wai'eham's High street. He is a member of the Wareham Congregational church, a past master of Social Harmony Lodge, A. F. & A. M., past master of West Wareham Grange, and past patron of Agawam Chapter, O. E. S. While a resident of Carver he was a member of the school committee, serving as chairman for one year. His hobbies are football and fish- ing, both salt and fresh water. Homer Comes In When Homer, now president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, born April 3, 1896, grew to about the age when he thought seriously of his life work, it didn't take him long to get into cranberries. Attending grade and grammar school in Carver he went to Wareham High school, but in- stead of graduating left school to work at the Wareham National Bank. He was there from 1914 until 1917. The first war came in- to his life at this point, and he served overseas with the 317th Field Signal Battalion, mostly as "chauffeur first class" (which gave him about the rank and rate of pay as a sergeant). He saw act- ive duty at St. Michiel and in the Argonne, attached to headquarters. As soon as the armistice was signed he wrote to his father from France that he wanted to lead an "outdoor" business life, and soon as he was home he wished to go definitely and permanently into cranberry growing. He returned from France in 1919 and entered the employ of his father. At INTERIOR ANTIQUITY OF "OLD HOMESTEAD" PRESERVED about that time he was employed as "pump expert" for his father and also for the Slocum-Gibbs company. However, before the war he had made a tentative move in a cran- berry direction by purchasing a small bog on the shore of Samp- son's pond at South Carver. This was a bog of about 5% acres which he still owns individually. The following year he took a further step in cranberry growing, as with Ruel and H. R. Bailey he bought the old Alfred Shaw bogs in Carver on route 58. These bogs had always been known as the "Mutton Island" bogs because sheep were once pastured in the brown brush country there before it became bog. The company that was organized then was the Bailey- Gibbs. Shortly after the Bailey- Gibbs bought the Peleg McFarlin bogs at Cedar Pond, which is a property of about 14 acres. Peleg McFarlin (Cranberries, May, 1943) was the son of Sampson McFarlin and brother of Thomas Huit, de- veloper of the McFarlin, and of Charles Dexter, who carried cran- berry growing to Oregon, and the Cedar Pond bogs were among the best of the earlier Carver cranberry properties. About 1925 the com- pany also bought the five-acre George Swanson bog in Carver near the Slocum-Gibbs properties. In about 1933, Homer, in associ- ation with Ruel and Fletcher Clark, Jr., of Middleboro, mace a still bigger venture, buying the Kennard bogs on the Half-Way Pond stream. This property was operated under the name of the Agawam Cranberry Company, After about four years the well- known Kennard bogs were sold to LeBaron R. Barker, who now owns them. The Agawam Company al- so built a bog of six or seven acres at White Island Pond, and this property the Agawam still owns and operates under the manage- ment of Homer. In 1931 Homer made his biggest venture to cate in the line of bog ownership and acquired the old "Ed" Washburn bogs near Water- ville. East Middleboro. This is a property of about 80 acres. The owners in this are, besides Homer and Ruel, Fletcher Clark and A. D. (Faun) Fish of Middleboro. This 80-acre bog is Homer's chief in- terest. When the Waterville Cranberry Company bought the former Wash- burn bogs they were in rather run-down condition. A great deal of work and a considerable amount of capital has been put into these Waterville bogs to bring them in- Continued on Page 10) Seven BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Time Has Reaped a Harvest of Blood and Hardships In 1943 But there has come the conviction that the effort, the material goods, and the prec- ious human lives that have been sacrificed have been given for a profoundly worthy cause and that that cause is soon to be Victorious. It is our privilege in 1944 to fight a harder fight, with a goal nearer that is richer, finer, better. For the sake of a better world to come we must face each day with cour- age, high, to realize the importance of the little day by day duties and contribution to the cause, to cooperate with all war-time programs, to buy more WAR BONDS AND STAMPS. We can do more this year — for the better world to come. This is the 20th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Gibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Waterville Cranberry Co. HOMER L. GIBBS, Pres. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. A. D. MAKEPEACE CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. fiditbyjals ISSUE OF JANUARY, 1944 Vol. 8 No. 9 HAPPY NEW YEAR TO all, our sincerest hopes for 366 better, happier days in 1944. This is our New Year wish to you. TAXES INSTEAD OF REPAIRS THIS has been a most satisfactory year as concerns price, sales, and returns to growers. The industry got its share of war-time prosperity. But one phase gripes most growers and that is labor scarcity is keeping them from putting any reasonable part of this gain back into their bogs, which are deteriorating. In- come taxes will unfairly take this money which should and would have gone into bog maintenance and improvement. YOUTH IN CRANBERRY GROWING lOST-war planning has now become a need. Not merely "glamorized," generalized ideas, but factual plans are imperative. We have heard much about industrial post-war plans, little about agri- culture, but now planning is getting down to agriculture, as it should, for, after all, agriculture is the basic industry. Here is one timely thought. We are hearing much just now of the need of provision to meet the needs of discharged soldiers — of their re-establishment into civilian life, into better positions, if possi- ble. Would the cranberry industry be strengthened by an infusion of new blood and would not this at the same time be help- ing solve one of the post-war problems? Could more younger men be given posi- tions of responsibility in cranberry grow- ing? Are those of the older generation passing down enough of their acquired cranberry knowledge to their sons or to younger men? It has been said that the present less- ening of New Jersey production may be due in part to the passing of an older gen- eration and to the fact that their know- ledge has not been passed on to their suc- cessors. Death or retirement of skilled, older growers left not enough who knew how to take proper interest and care of once prosperous cranberry properties. We have heard the same thought raised re- \^ ^^oMicm9amM,^l^j_ Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass, State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application cently in Massachusetts. Cranberry grow- ing is a good business, and as the war ends there will be good, well-trained young men of broadened vision looking for prom- ising life-long opportunities in the post- war world. Couldn't the two come to- gether to the advantage of both? HAVE you made a real study of that new cranberry weather bulletin yet? If you haven't you are probably missing a good deal of its real value, and a second and third careful reading wouldn't do any harm. Nin* The Gibbs Story (Continued from Page 7) to a much-improved condition. These broad acres, as they appear today, make a fine looking piece of big- cranberry bog. It is beau- tifully clean. This is a bog to please the eye of any cranberry man, particularly if he is its own- er. One of the finest bog views in Massachusetts is from the top of a bluff" overlooking this broad acreage. Upland all around the bog has been cleared of all under- brush, giving access to air flowage across the bog and lessening dan- ger of severe gypsy moth infesta- tion. There are two large houses on the property where four or five of the men with their families live the year round. There are excel- lent natural sanding facilities around the bog. Here is one of the finest pump- ing systems in the Massachusetts industry, and this system flows about 70 acres of the property. It consists of four units, all complete and under one roof. The Waterville bog has had some excellent productions since it was so completely renovated. The "high line" crop, since Homer has been interested in it was last year, virhen it produced 6,000 barrels. That fall on an actual measured area, from 10 in the morning until three in the afternoon, 712 bushel boxes were scooped, which is a production of 237 barrels to the acre. These were Howes, and the berries lay so thick they appeared to have been poured on the vines. In 1942 Homer was asked to take over the active management of the W. W. Benjamin bogs near Dunham's Pond on the Shoestring road in Carver. These make up a property of 95 acres, the manage- ment of which is no little job in it- self. Homer, also, this fall man- aged the harvesting and handling of the Weweantit. He became a member of the Sales Company in 1916, and is now a director. He joined the Cape Cod Cranberry Association, was elected vice president in 1942, and at the annual meeting last summer was placed in the president's chair. Homer was married in 1920 to Mildred Hitchcock, and they have Ten two children. Phillip, 21, after two years at Bowdoin college, is a seaman in the Merchant Marine service, now "somewhere at sea," serving his country. Homer Long- ley, Jr., 17, entered Governor Dummer academy at Byfield, but intends to get into the U. S. Air Forces when his time for service comes. Sixth Generation At "Old Homestead" Mr. and Mrs. Homer Gibbs, in occupying the "Old Homestead," take a great deal of pride in the retention of this old New England farm house in as near its original appearance as possible — with the addition of all modern improve- ments and refinements consistent with its type. These Gibbs boys are the sixth generation to call this place "home. It is a low build- ing, typical of the fann home building of New England for the 18th century, built around a great central fireplace. Thesi fii-eplacos, three in number, are nov/ all. in working order as originally. Old corner posts and Oeams show and the dining room, thi' oil "wmler kitchen," is most attractive in old pine. An old flintlock ha.ngs near the fireplace, a pre-Revolutionary gun, and this is suspended from original pegs sunk in plaster, help- ing to establish the date of the house. The house is mosll.> fur- nished in family antiques. At the north end a big room with fire- place has been finished, which was formerly the "corn house," but is now a comfortable living room, the room which the family uses mctt, when the weather is not at its se- verest. The exterior is shingled and has been left unpainted, but there are bright awnings over the wnidows and doors. Across the road can be seen the big Weweantit bog, a little way in front is the "family" bog. Among the treasured things of the past within the house is one of the old cranberry rakes, used by Homer's grandmother. Wild cranberries do not grow near the "Old Homestead" any more, but in its setting with the cranberry bogs near by, the long association of its inhabitants with cranberries, this original anode of the Gibbs in Carver connects the cranberry past with the cranberry present — and further. As for the Gibbs family themselves, in cran- berry growing their achievements speak for themselves. Mass. Blueberry Association? Group of Growers Discussed Idea of Meeting at State Bog and Are to Meet Again January 26. A Massachusetts blueberry asso- ciation will probably grow out of a meeting of those interested in blueberry culture, called by Ply- mouth County Agent J. T. Brown and Associate Agent J. Richa'rd Richard Beattie at the State Bog at East Wareham, December 22. At this meeting, which was attend- ed by about a dozen growers, a vote was taken to hold another meeting on January 26th, same p'ace and same time, for the pur- pose of forming such an associa- tion. This association would not, at present, at least, be a sales co- operative, but would be similar on smaller scale to Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' and other associa- tions. It would provide an oppor- tunity for discussion of growing, marketing, and other problems, and also might concern a buying pool for baskets, cellophane, etc. In Massachusetts, it was brought out there are 50 acres or a little more of cultivated blueberries and there are twenty or more growers who might join such an associa- tion. Cultivated blueberries are chiefly grown in the cranberry area of Southeastern Massachusetts, al- though there are a few patches in Worcester and other counties. Mr. Beattie presided at this first meeting, and individual growers gave facts about their own acre- ages, crops, how they sold, and selling prices. W. H. Thies, ex- tension pomologist of Massachu- setts State College, gave an in- formative talk on marketing and other facts interesting to blueberry growers. County Agent Bertram Tomlinson represented his district. H. F. Bain Engaged for Five Years By Three Leading Wisconsin Growers Kis Services Will Be Co- oneratively Available To Others — Announced by Guy Nash at Annual Meet- ing of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Co. — C. M. Chaney Addresses Grow- ers — A. E. Bennett Con- tinres President. Three of the larger growers of Wisconsin, Albert H. Hedler (Cranberry Lake Development Company, Phillips), C. L. Lewis, Jr. (Badger and Midwest Cran- berry Companies), and Guy Nash (Biron Cranberry Company) have arranged to engage Henry F. Bain to be in Wisconsin on a five-year contract. This was announced by Mr. Nash at the annual meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company at Realty hall, Wiscon- sin Rapids, December 8. Mr. Nash said the services of Mr. Bain would be made available to other growers on some cooper- ative basis, to be determined a little later. Mr. Nash described Mr. Bain as "one of the two best cranberry specialists in the United States," and of course Mr. Bain is widely known throughout the industry and very well known in Wisconsin because of his previ- ous work there. Mr. Bain will move to Wisconsin from Wash- ington, D. C, where he has been employed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and has recently been working in the New Jersey cranberry district. This meeting was addressed by C. M. Chaney, of the American Cranberry Exchange, who gave a comprehensive report of the sales of the 1944 crop. Cranberry pro- duction in the United States was now estimated at 665,000 barrels, Mr. Chaney said, with Wisconsin having produced a little more than 100,000 barrels. Of this crop ap- proximately 65 per cent was sold on the fresh fruit market. Elected to continue as directors of the American Cranberry Ex- change were Guy Nash, Guy Pot- ter and A. H. Hedler. Also elect- ed as directors of the canning com- mittee for Cranberry Canners, Inc., were Guy Potter, C. L. Lewis, Jr., and A. H. Hedler. Chosen again as advisory committee mem- bers on canning operations were William F. Thiele, B. C. Brazeau and F. F. Mengel. Stock in the canning cooperative is now owned on a cooperative basis by the Sales Company members. Three equa' blocks of stock heretofore held by three members were pur- chased by action of the meeting and this was combined in a joint holding of all the Sales Company members. Elected as directors of the Sales Company were A. E. Bennett, A. H. Hedler, Joe Bissig, Oscar Pot- ter, Guy 0. Babcock, C. L. Lewis, Jr., and Dan Rezin. Mr. Rezin, who is an important grower at Warrens, was chosen to succeed Clark Treat, who withdrew. The directors re-elected Mr. Ben- nett president, Mr. Hedler, vice president, Vernon Goldsworthy, secretary and manager, and Mr. Babcock, treasurer. Resolutions of condolence were passed upon the deaths of Miss Lucetta Case of Warrens and A. C. Otto of Wisconsin Rapids, both of whom had been long-time mem- bers. Bernard Brazeau Heads Wisconsin Growers' Association C. A. Jasperson Tells of Cranberry Picker at An- nual Meeting — C. W. Lewis Talks on Oxygen in Water on Cranberry Bogs. The annual meeting of the Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers' Association was held in the after- noon of December 8, and at that meeting Bernard C. Brazeau, of the Central Cranberry Company, prominent grower of Cranmoor, was elected president. William F. Thiele was chosen vice president and Vernon Goldsworthy re-elected secretary and treasurer. C. A. Jasperson at this meeting gave a complete report to the members concerning the "Wiscon- sin cranberry picker." Mr. Jasper- son told of the long and costly ex- periments to develop a satisfactory power-driven picker which he and seven other central Wisconsin growers had underwritten. He did not claim this machine to be a full-fledged success, and much more experimentation will have to be gone through before the machine will be perfected. But he did say that by trial and the correction of errors which de- veloped, the machine would ulti- mately be developed into an effic- ient harvesting machine, and that those who had pioneei'ed in it had not done so far profit to them- selves and would make no manu- facturer's profit when the perfect- ed machine is put on the general market for growers. One of the serious problems fac- ing cranberry growers was ana- lyzed at length and capably by Charles W. Lewis of Beaver Brook, who has made a long study of oxygen content of water as related to the effect upon loss of leaves on cranberry vines. Using charts to show the variations of oxygeri in the water, and the demand for oxygen by plant life, Mr. Lewis drew a close parallel between the two and the effect upon cranberry vines. He told of corrective mea- sures which could be taken to in- crease oxygen content, these in- cluding the splashing of water at intakes, this resulting in aera- tion of the water, in turn increas- ing the amounts of free oxygen in the water used for flooding. Noel Thompson, plant pathol- ogist from the oflfice of State En- tomologist E. L. Chambers, spoke briefly upon experiments made on various phases of cranberry cul- ture. Growers enjoyed a dinner at the Witter hotel in the evening, when there was a brief program of talks with Guy 0. Babcock toastmaster. There was a musical program, with modern and old-fashioned dancing. Eleven ORDERLY MARKETING By C. L. LEWIS, JR. Chairman Canning Committee of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Co. The cooperative marketing of fresh berries over the past 36 years has been the prime factor in the development of the cranberry industry. The development of canning by Mr. Urann in more recent years has been of inestimable value in the stabilization of the cranberry industry. However, as the volume of processed berries has increased from year to year until approximately 447f of the National crop of 1942 was sold in processed form, a situation of unrest has arisen within the in- dustry. This condition has been complicated by the war, causing tem- porary demands for specialized products which further upset the balance of orderly marketing. These factors have led to the situation where the demand exceeds the supply, giving rise to competition among ourselves for berries for the processed and fresh markets. We are all aware that the present relationship between the fresh and processed marketing agencies is not good. Criticism is rampant and jealousy prevails. It is high time to foi'get the in- consequential bickerings, non-con- structive criticism, and analyze the basic facts behind our troubles. Our industry is in a sti'ategically favored position as compared with the bulk of food commodities. Our problem is not so much a problem of creating a market as it is of improving methods of distribution. We have never asked favors of the government. We have shied from aU manner of subsidy. The basic problem before the in- dustry is to determine each year the potential demand of the fresh and processed markets and to sup- ply those markets in such manner that will result in the largest AVERAGE return to the growers. "Cranberry Canners" are sup- plied from five sources: 1. Independent growers in Mas- sachusetts and New Jersey. 2. New England Cranberry Sales Co. 3. Makepeace and Urann, under special arrangements. 4. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company. 5. West Coast. Although the requirements of Cranberry Canners call for various types of berries for 1. Strained sauce. 2. Whole sauce. 3. Cock- tail berries. 4. Berries for de- hydration. One price is paid for a 1 berries received for processing, from "floats," seconds, pies, tender varieties, to the best Blacks and Howes. Values in the fresh market are based upon quality and the grower who strives for quality is rewarded by increased returns. There is no uniformity in the averaging of the income from Cranberry Canners among or by the five sources of supply listed above. It is a matter of no con- sequence to the independents or as to the berries processed by Make- Twelve peace and Urann. The New Eng- land and Wisconsin Sales Com- panies and the West Coast have their own and independent ideas and methods of pooling the re- turns from Cranberry Canners with the returns from the fresh market. It is contended by Mr. Urann that each individual member of Cranberry Canners should deter- mine how his berries should be marketed each year. Still, on the West Coast, which region has just recently joined the national cooper- ative movement. Cranberry Can- ners alone determine the aUocation of the members' crops between the processed and fresh markets. Cranberry Canners has consist- ently told the growers that process- ing yields a higher net return than fresh channels. During the re- markable growth of Cranberry Canners this has frequently been true, but it was inevitable that the law of supply and demand would upset this idea of values. Higher prices to growers through the processor have attracted an in- creased volume, with a resulting decreased supply of fresh fruit. The decreased supply of fresh ber- ries of improved average quality has driven the price up until the net from the fresh market in 1943 will no doubt surpass the net from the processors. If each individual grower is permitted to dictate the disposition of his crop the whole process evolves into a national guessing contest as to which branch will net the largest return. This is not cooperation. Under the present method of payment by Cranberry Canners and the conglomerate arrangements for pooling the net proceeds from CC by the various groups who furnish the berries we cannot look for any improvement in the future. In spite of contracts, Army pools, promises, and talk about future se- curity the flow of berries will run to that branch of the industry that appears to be on top for the mo- ment. Nothing but an over-sup- ply with depressed prices or con- versely a short supply with stim- ulated prices will stem the flow from one branch to the other. Let us suppose that all cooper- ative-minded growers united in one parent Sales Organization un- der one head but with two branch- es, one for the fresh fruit, the other for the processed. The idea is not new. It has been advocated by some of us in Wisconsin for several years, especially by Albert Hedler. All berries produced by the members could be classified according to value, somewhat sim- ilar to the pooMng system now used by the Wisconsin Sales Com- pany, and with due regard to the values of the berries for canning, cocktail, and dehydrization. A base value could be determined for the standard berry and pluses and minuses figured for all other ber- ries as compared in value to the base. Then the crops could be al- lotted to the fresh or processed markets in accordance with the de- mand and the prices averaged, each type or class of berries netting the grower the same amount, whether the berries were processed or sold fresh. Some years the fresh market would net a higher average, other years the processed market would lead, but the grower wou'd only be concerned in the average net received and he would not be concerned as to whether his berries were sold fresh or pro- cessed. Under this system all small, ten- der, poorly colored fruit would be processed, but it would be paid for on a basis of lower values than fruit suitable for dehydration or cocktail or fruit suitable for the fresh market. Under this system it might be of great advantage to grade all fresh berries over a 14/32 inch or V2 inch screen and process those that pass through, ship fresh those that do not. This would eliminate some of the many brands now sold fresh and simplify fur- ther the task of selling fresh fruit. Under this system the struggle between the processor and the fresh agency to obtain the highest net to the grower would disappear. Each branch would be assured of a supply of fruit. Two strong ways to sell cranberries would be maintained. The processors should not be un- der so much pressure to deliver the last cent to the grower that the efficiency of the organization and the financial set-up is impaired. Adequate reserves could be built up for the protection of the in- dustry in bad years. Borrowings (Continued on Page 14) Looking Ahead fo 1944 Problems Cranberry Committee Meets At Mass. Experiment Sta- tion — Plymouth County Cranberry Clubs First Meeting in January — In- secticides, Boxes and Post- War Planning. Outlook for Equipment Is Improving- Getting the jump on cranberry problems now, particularly insec- ticides, and the box situation (in Massachusetts) and consideration of post-war cranberry matters, were taken up at a forward-look- ing meeting of the Cranberry Com- mittee at the Massachusetts State Experiment Station, Dec. 20. Plans were also made for the Ply- mouth County club meetings. There will be at least three monthly series of these meetings, the first that of the Southeastern at Rochester Grange hall, Tuesday, January 25, and the South Shore club at Kingston, Thursday, Jan. 27. The rest will also probably be held the last Tuesdays and Thursdays of each month. Notices will be sent to members shortly. County Agent J. T. Brown opened the meeting at East Ware- ham and Russell Makepeace was elected chairman, about a dozen being present, although all the members of the committee were not there. Most pressing of problems were insecticides and boxes. Russell Makepeace had recently been to Washington and in conference with officials of War Food Administra- tion. Washington officials were kindly disposed toward the cran- berry industry, he said, and intend to give cranberry growers their share of what is available, but he believed best results can be ob- tained if there is an intelligent, coordinated story presented by the cranberry industry as a unit as to what it needs and can get along with. Pyrethrum will be at a minimum this year, he found (as has recent- ly been reported in this magazine, quoting Agricultural & Fungicide Association). The Army to take most, leaving very litt'e for agri- culture as a whole. (The Army makes extremely extensive use of pyrethrum as an insecticide for the troops to prevent malaria ana other diseases spread by insects.) How- ever, of this fractional amount of agricultural pyrethrum needs, cran- berry growers will get a share. Ro- tenone materials will be allowed on cranberry bogs this year (probably South American Cube), but in what amounts there was no idea at present. , Most other insecti- cides, such as Cryolite, with the By E. C. ST. JACQUES Agricultural equipment and re- pairs to equipment outlook in gen- eral is considerably brighter for 1944 than for 1943, and it so hap- pens that for the cranberry grow- ers it is more so than in many oth- er forms of agriculture. Mater- ials have been allocated to produce twice as much farm machinery as last year, or 50 per cent as much as was produced in the record years of whichever was larger in a certain line. While the amount of material for all equipment has been doub- led, in some particular lines the ratio has been even more liberal. For dusters it is three times as much as in '43, and to purchase, no certificate of necessity is re- quired. For the classification in which screenhouse equipment faUs (which includes separators) the allotment is increased three and one-half times, no certificates re- quired. For fertilizer spreaders the material quota is doubled. Large pumps may now be made this year, whereas no pumps at all were permitted last year. Certifi- cates of needs are required for pumps of all sizes. Repair parts are extremely lib- eral; in fact, there are no restric- tions as to amount which may be manufactured. For instance, if nails, shingles, lumber and paint are needed for screenhouse repairs they are obtainable. The amount of manufacture will be based on need, and needs based on orders. (Order what you need early.) This year rubber will be allowed for tractor, dusters and fertilizer spreaders, but none as yet is per- mitted for rubber wheels for wheel- barrows. This rubber may not be of the best quality, as it will prob- exception of sodium cyanide, will be sufficient. There is also the possibility of synthetics being available this season. With this small allotment of pyrethrum, what rotenone is allowed, Cryolite, Black Leaf-40, other insecticides, and possibly synthetics, the indus- try will have to make out. It was the suggestion of these WFA officials that for the cran- berry industry to obtain a fair share, and for fair distribution among the industx-y, a delegation with definite figures and charts (Continued on Pagre 14) Cape Clubs Meet January 10th, 12fh Plans have been completed for the first meetings of the Cape Cranberry Club, Bertram Tomlin- son, Barnstable County Agent, an- nounces, and the Upper Cape will meet at Bruce Hall, Cotuit, Janu- ary 10th, with a supper being served by the Circle at 6.30, Speak- ers will be M. L. Urann, who will review the 1943 season and give suggestions for 1944, and Dr. H. J. Franklin, who will review the recent bulletin, "Cranberry Wea- ther." Mr. Tomlinson hopes there is time for a discussion of the 1944 food production program, empha- sizing some of the problems facing farmers and what can be done to meet the situation. First meeting of the Lower Cape Cod, with a similar program, will be January 12th at Grange hall, Dennis. There will probably be two more meetings and possibly more, but that will be decided later. Last year it was necessary to reduce winter meetings to one for each group, but it is hoped circum- stances will be more favorable this year. ably be composed of half reclaimed and half synthetic, but as the year goes on tires may be all synthetic. Prospects of steel for manufac- ture of equipment and repairs is good. Lumber in general is defi- nitely not good, and will probably be hai'd to obtain unless it can be obtained locally (such as local saw- mills). Also encouraging is that the pro- gram for producing farm machinery for 1944 is underway at least six months earlier than in 1943. An- other favorable point is that the farm rationing machinery pro- gram wi'l undoubtedly be more ef- ficient for the coming year because of the experience which has now been obtained and fewer items re- quire certificates of purchase. But even in spite of the brightened prospects there will not be nearly as much farm machinery available as demand will call for, and this induces cranberry equipment. How satisfactory the supply can be made will also depend a great deal upon labor, which, it goes without say- ing, is now at its most critical stage so far, with no immediate important improvement visible. Thirtaen Marketing the 1943 Crop (Continued from Page 5) "True, prices advanced unreas- onably in some instances, that is, some wholesale dealers have taken excessive mark-ups, especially since Thanksgiving, but, generally speaking, up to Thanksgiving the retail prices fo.r cranberries were within reason, ranging from 23 to 34 cents per pound. Some may think that price did not or would not have any effect on consumers' sales, but information gathered by our retail canvassers this season indicates the contrary. Around the middle of November, retail prices took a jump. They began to hit 33c, 33%c, 34c a pound and up- wards and averaged as high as 37c in some sections. And the comparison of consumer sales for the same territories in 1942 began to show losses. "Limited surveys show that high consumer prices are a deterring sa^es factor, even in times like these, and it seems evident that had the wholesalers marked their prices up earlier in the season there would have been a resulting slow-down in consumer sales, and consequently not the cleaned mar- ket on cranberries throughout the country." Mr. Chaney continued that the fiscal year of the Exchange in money will be record breaking, and that the operating expenses on a percentage basis will be the lowest ever. Advising to the im- mediate future, he said: "It is hard to predict during such times. I feel, however, that those who are in the business of supplying food can look forward to at least two or three years of prosperity, if such is possible, that is, if prosperity is the proper term, after taxes. "There is bound to be a demand for all kinds of food, whether the war is over in 1944 or 1945, or even should the unexpected happen and its ends immediately. "For considerable time after this war is over the U. S. A. is going to be the principal source of supply for the feeding of a large percentage of the population of this globe. I do not mean that we may expect to sell cranberries in any form in large volume to for- eign countries, but the prosperity of this country should be such as shou'd maintain a good buying power, and when buying power is good the consumers delight in sat- isfying their palates. There is no better proof of this than this past cranberry season." "So, in conclusion, my advice to all of you is to take the best pos- sible care of your marshes, that is to the full extent of your supply of labor and labor-saving machin- Fourteen ery. In other words, raise all the cranberries you can, strive for quality, and don't pick them before they are properly matured. You lose size and volume and the con- sumer loses flavor." Cranberry Canners Handles 225,109 Barrels To Dec. 18 Figures by Cranberry Canners, complete to December 18, but not final, show that Cranberry Canners handled 225,109 barrels of the 1943 crop. Broken down by states the proportions were: Massachu- setts, 181,771 barrels, or 39 per cent of the ci'op; New Jersey, 20,848, or 33 per cent of the crop; Wisconsin, 17,536, or 17 per cent; and Pacific Coast, 22,453, or 74 per cent of the crop. Of the Massachusetts berries ap- proximately 15,000 barrels were dehydrated by the A. D. Make- peace company as part of Canners' government contract and 17,500 were shipped as fi-esh fruit. Up to December 18th Cranber-y Canners was about 5,000 barre s short of filling the government or- der, but at that time the A. D. Makepeace Company supplied ap- proximately 4,000 barrels, and this, together with I'e-screening from some lots of berries, Canners says fulfillment of the order is in sight. United Cape Cod Cran- berry Company put in its entire crop and many others delivered from 50 to 100 per cent of the r crops. Some did not fulfill theii' pledges. Orderly Marketing (Continued from Page 12) could be curtailed, even dividends, until security was established. Under this system of average prices and returns to growers, ef- ficiency of personnel could be im- proved, undue expansion reduced, and both branches of the industry could plan a marketing program based upon an assured supply of fruit. Consideration should also be giv- en to the operation of the fresh cooperative branch by straight salaried personnel rather than by managers whose income is on the commission basis. Basically we are not on a sound foundation and the situation will not improve under present meth- ods. Sooner or later we must rec- ognize that berries should be mar- keted on a quality basis, with our interests pooled together. For in- stance, is it not silly to contemp- late that two branches of our in- dustry are in competition with each other in supplying the armed forces of the country, especially when the same growers are in both branches ? Although the major portion of the crop is handled by the two co- operatives, "Cranberry Canners" and the "American Cranberry Ex- change," a substantial volumne is at present sold by independent seFing organizations or by indi- viduals. When the time comes, as it sure- ly will, when the marketing of our two cooperatives is reorganized, a sincere effort should be nrade to include the present independents in the organization. They have much to contribute, we have much to share. Our two "Coops" should be so sound, so efficiently and honest- ly operated that every grower of cranberries would be proud and happy to be members. Looking Ahead to 1944 (Continued from Page 13) meet with members of the WFA at either Washington or New York in January when allocations will be considered. Russell passed this along to the committee with the further suggestion that such a de- legation to represent the entire in- dustry might be made up of Dr. Franklin and one or two others to represent Massachusetts, Vernon Goldsworthy, who buys supplies for Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, and one or two others to represent Wisconsin, Charles S. Beckwith and one or two others to represent New Jersey and some one to speak for the West Coast. Such a coordinated and representative group could best lay the story of the industry before WFA, he said, rather than unrelated, individual efforts. Shipping boxes for the Massa- chusetts growers wi'l be taken up at the January meeting, and it is expected Associate Qiunty Agent J. Richard Beattie will have made a survey of box manufacturers and will have a definite plan by then. Greatest help that can be contrib- uted by growers is to get logs cut and into the hands of box manu- facturers at this time of the year. Dr. Franklin will also speak on the new weather bulletin. Greater knowledge of labor re- lations, especical'y as concerns la- bor laws by the growers, would be desirable, it was pointed out, and it was planned to have representa- tives of various Government agen- cies, such as WMC or WLB, or others speak at the coming club meetings. It was also brought out that there are definite plans for post- war agriculture shaping up, and speakers upon this subject are available to tell in general what agriculture will or should do in the post-war plan of things. Bird houses and bird rests were matters which could be taken up on the coming club program, as birds are of especial value now with the insecticide scarcity, and Dr. Franklin said they might prove particularly helpful in regard to girdler, which appears to be on the way toward becoming an increas- ing problem. The return of Dr. Bergman to cranberry work is a matter which should be pushed, Dr. Franklin said, and he believed steps should be taken that the services of Dr. Bergman are not permanently lost to the cranberry growers. Progress on picking machines should be brought to a focus, and in connection with this Frank P. Crandon of Acushnet said his ma- chine had been given two tests, 'bugs" found and eliminated. He said he had obtained patent rights to his machine and could definitely say he would have ready by next fall a machine which, with oper- ator and five helpers to handle boxes, would pick two acres a day "as clean or cleaner than any scooping." Dr. Bergman Now Assigned To Washington Has Been Engaged In Cran- berrj'' Work Since 1929 — Hope Transfer Is Only Temporary. Dr. H. F. Bergman, Senior Pa- thologist, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industries, who since 1929 has been engaged in cranberry work, has been transferred to other activities, at the present time be- ing assigned to dehydrization at Washington. Dr. Bergman dui'ing that time has made many valuable contributions to the cranberry in- dustry, his most recent being his part in preparing the impoi'tant Massachusetts State College bulle- tin, "Weather in Cranberry Cul- ture," in collaboration with Dr. H. J. Franklin and Dr. Neil E. Stev- ens, which has just been released. Hope is strongly expressed by Dr. Bergman's associates, and the cranberry industry in general, that his transfer from cranberry work to Washington is only tem- porai'y. There is, it is understood, an agreement of more than 30 years' standing that the Bureau of Plant Industries is to supply a cranberry research worker to Massachusetts State College. No successor to Dr. Bergman has been named and it is hoped he may be re-assigned to the cranberry field. Next month an article upon Dr. Bergman and his work will appear in this magazine. Cranberry Canners Dividends Cranberry Canners has paid a second advance to members in all states on its berries this ia^l, bringing the price already paid to 10 cents a pound (figuring on the new price per pound basis), and Mr. Urann declares he is still aim- ing at the $15.00 a barrel figure, which was set as the goal at the annual meeting in June. Many unforeseen difficulties in operations have come up this year, and these have added materially to the costs, it is also said, although savings have been made in some other re- spects. Cranberry Canners' Buying Pool on December 20 paid a dividend of 5 per cent, Carl Urann, in charge of the pool, makes known. This return at the end of the year is made possible, as the pool is oper- ated not to make a profit and re- turns all savings, after costs have been deducted, to those who bought supplies through the pool. Iceland Cranberries (Continued from Pase 4) landers use a lot of tarts and lit- tle fancy cakes and cookies with their afternoon and evening "cof- fee" meals, and I think the cran- berries would fit in with this cus- tom very well. So there is un- doubtedly a ready domestic mar- ket for them if they succeed. In the remote possibility that in the dim and distant future the cranberry becomes a big crop in Iceland, with an exportable sur- plus, it will have to be popularized in the United Kingdom and Ger- many, as Icelandic peace-time trade is all with those countries (plus Denmark and Norway, that have their own variety of cran- berries). I am sure there is no danger of Icelandic competition on the American cranberry market! Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page S) ously accounts for the lowness of most water supplies. HWeather Cold — Fortunately the weather was relatively mild until some real cold weather struck Dec. 11. Temperatures of 6 below, 4, 5, and 8 above, were recorded at the State bog for the following period, and there were very cold, high, dry winds on several days, gripped with 12 below zero cold about Dec. 20, but then there was snow on the ground. As Decem- ber ended it was felt not much harm, if any, had been done by the cold winds to the unprotected bogs, but if cold, dry winds con- tinued indefinitely and the ground was frozen, preventing water from getting up into the vines and the bogs remain unprotected for the most part indefinitely, the outlook for extensive winter killing could be very bad. NEW JERSEY HAlmost No Rainfall — As in Mas- sachusetts, Jersey growers are having the greatest difficulty in getting winter flood on their bogs. There was practically no rain dur- ing November and December, and there was only one month since July whein rain amounted to any- thing at all. August rainfall was .64 inches; September .79; Octo- ber 6.46; November, 2.29; Decem- ber, none (1 to 21 inclusive). TIAfterSeason Work Done — There is no unusual activity in cranberry bog work, but most of the ordi- nary fall work has been completed satisfactorily in view of the labor shortage. Cranberry Hybrid Fruit — Charles S. Beckwith went down to the lab- oratory of the U. S. Department of Agriculture at Beltsville, Mary- land, on December 7 and saw the fruit produced on the cranberry hybrids during 1943. He found they made a fine showing. This study has been in charge of H. F. Bain. WASHINGTON TIBright Future — A prosperous fu- Fifteen^ ture for Washington cranberry growing was recently forecast by D. J. Crowley, before a meeting of the Ilwaco Kiwanis club, Mr. Crow- ley saying that ten times the quan- tity of cranberries grown here could be marketed. Cranberry growing is becoming more mech- anized, and while the first Wash- ington growers had little know- ledge of the crop they are much better growers now. It was dis- covered that sprinkling would save the crop from freezing and help in irrigation, and this became general. He reported that varieties more suitable to scooping are being set and will help overcome labor costs and shortages. UBig Meyers Property — Confidence in the future of cranberries on the peninsula is proven by the pur- chase and developing of 380 acres of land north of Long Beach by Guy C. Meyers, New York finan- cier. His local foreman, Joseph H. Alexson, reports that 21 acres are already sanded and 26 more are ready for sanding. An additional 60 are being cleared, so that a to- tal of more than 100 acres will be ready shortly. Another 100 acres will be cleared and made ready for planting next year. Mr. Alexson, who came to Long Beach from Grayland, says that in addition to the cranberries a big acreage will be set to blueberries. Sixty-five men are now on the regular Mey- ers' pay roll and as many as 922 were at one time when soldiers were putting in some off-duty hours. WISCONSIN ^Sanding — Winter sanding pro- gram is under way, as tempera- tures during the mid-December week were down to about 10 below zero, with the result that all Wis- consin marshes were well frozen. The northern part of the state had some snow. Ice conditions at the present time appeared very good for bringing the vines through the winter in satisfactory shape. Last winter there was so much snow the vines did not come through as well as they might have because there was smothering under the snow. TlWater for Flooding — Practically everyone had plenty of water for the winter flood, and had no trou- ble from this angle, as there has been some times in the past. How- ever, there is not going to be much water in the spring unless it comes from snow during the winter. With their bogs satisfactori^ pi-otected at the moment, growers are not worrying much about this matter at present. About Jersey's Short 1943 Crop What happened that the New Jersey crop was so much shorter than anticipated this fall ? There are a number of contributing causes, of course. The greatest, most immeciate reason would de- finitely appear to be a run of ad- verse weather. "Our disappearing Cranberry Crop," was the subject of a laL; at the August meeting of the Am- erican Cranberry Growers' Asso- cation in which Charles S. Beck- with touched upon a cause which would have long range eft'ect. "In most cases," he said, "the downfall of a particular property has been due to the passing of the genera- tion that was active between 1890 and 1910. Many of these growers left no one with the knowledge and desire to carry on the business." He continued that the industry in New Jersey needs active partici- pation of young men who have enough vision to see the possibili- ties of the work. "When this war is over, let us be sure that we get some "into our incustry. It is a good time now to' plan for the fu- ture with some definite emphasis on where we will get the help to carry it out. New Jersey can grow cranberries with profit to the gi'owers." As to the weather, one Jersey grower writes: "We had a beautiful bloom. Ev- erything looked promising for a big crop. Then right at the height of the blooming period one of the longest, hottest, driest spells hit us that we can remember. "For about eight weeks little or no rain fell. The hot sun scalded the bloom. What berries formed were cooked, except where the vines were heavy enough to shade them. The water supply kept get- ting shorter and shorter, with the result that when we were ready to pick there was none at all for use in case of frost. "Frost came earlier than we can recall, and was followed by two other heavy, killing frosts, with no water to flood with. Therefore, what the sun and dry weather did not do the frosts did. This was true over the entire state and I don't know of a grower who es- caped." The Last Word I . Last word in this first issue of 1944 is that the most important point at the time is to order all supplies and equipment needed for 1944 without delay. Ordering early v/ill eliminate some of the hazards and help insure delivery of most of the items needed. It will let your immediate supplier know what you v/ant and he can let the manufac- turer know. If the shipping season can be spread over more months instead of three or four in the spring (insecticides particularly) it will help materially to lighten the burden. The way things are now shaping up, if growers do not co- operate in ordering supplies, a great many may be doomed to do without what they need. We Need Logs for CRANBERRY BOXES NATIVE WHITE PINE F. H. COLE Established 1707' MANUFACTURER OF WOODEN BOXES AND SHOOKS NORTH CARVER, MASS. Tel. 46-5 Sixteen 4(iuf>H ^^^ Ip^A We Predict: That 1944 will be a Very Bad Year for the Enemies of the United Nations. We Wish: That we are entering a better year and that you may have all the good things a New Year can bring. Let us begin this New Year with new hope and new zeal, and we, with the hope we may be of greater service to you. MINOT FOOD PACKERS INC B R I D C E T O N NEW JERSEY CO - OP QUOTES ''Cooperatives provide the most basically im- portant part of the population of the United States — the farmers — with the best means for obtaining proper compensation for crop production." 'The cooperative road is one great way over which the nation will march when demobilization day finally comes." Cranberries NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS **The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative'' 'RESENTING AN $8,000,00U A YEAR INUUblRY •\V^t ^^■tlONAL CRANBERRY M46>j7/yy^ 4PE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO DR. H, F. BERGMAN Tuary, 1944 25 cenfs , *'«lHiiD or iiV* GEORGE WASHINGTON, whose birthday we honor this month, laid the foundation for the American Standard of Living. It was a De- mocracy built upon the strong principles of flexibility and prog- ress, and dedicated to the freedom of the individual. WE must see to it that the post-war world maintains that freedom, de- mocracy and progress of THE AMERICAN STANDARD OF LIV- ING. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 4 ''Waste Not, and Win // EACH USER OF ELECTRICITY IS ONE WITH A DEFINITE RESPONSIBILITY TO AVOID WAST- AGE, OF OUR NATIONAL RESOURCES. USE ELECTRICITY WISELY AND EFFIC- IENTLY. LET'S SHORTEN THE WAR BY A POLICY OF "WASTE NOT AND WIN." Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhousea, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRFD PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WII.DA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estaxor Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties ARIEMS-7>7/&r THE MOST MPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARiENS CO. BOX S08 BRILLION, WIS 0 NE of America's most prominent and widely known advertising men recently said "All products and all ideas are salable only as they flow with the tides of thought and feeling which are surging through a given society.* **It is futile to run counter to them." These words should be memorized by every cranberry grower. We in the cranberry industry have hundreds of thousands of barrels of cranberries to sell each year, and we must see that those cranberries always flow to market according to the demand for fresh, canned, dehydrated cranberries or whatever new form the consumer de- sires. We must not try to force on the consumer some- thing she does not want. The world is constantly changing, and our marketing methods must change with it to keep the cranberry indus- try in its present sound condition with orderly marketing, stabilized prices, and satisfactory returns to growers year after year. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES. BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year HAYDEN Separator Mfg. Co. (E. C. ST. JACQUES. Prop.) Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Your needs lor repair parts can be filled if you place your orders NOW. We need from 90 to 120 cays in ordering most repair parts and we can't stock them all. If you check over your equip- Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Paints - Hardware ment NOW, we can take care of you. IF YOU PUT IT OFF YOU MAY BE OUT OF LUCK. NIAGARA SPRAYER and CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Middleport, N. Y. Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. Wood County Nationa Bank full line of dusting machinery. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Complete line of Insecticides, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin both for dusting and spraying. Car Lot Receivers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers i ! i HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS i The Nationa Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts Contact Us We Need Massachusetts Native White Pine for To Growers : If You Want BOXES NEXT FALL You MUST cut Logs NOW Tel. Carver 10-4 Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 Massachusetts Blueberry Men Will Organize An association of some sort of the blueberry growers of South- eastern Massachusetts, which may take in scattered growers of other states in New Englanc, is appar- ently assured as the result of a second meeting of interested per- sons, this being held at the Massa- chusetts State Experiment Station at East Wai'eham, January 26, in charge of Richard J. Beattie, as- sociate county agent of Plymouth County. A vote was passed, on motion of Mrs. Chester A. Vose of Marion and seconded by Joseph Putnam ri Orleans, that an association be formed and that Mr. Beattie ap- point two growers of Plymouth county and County Agent Bertram Tomlinson of Barnstable, who was present, appoint one from his coun- ty and the agents of Norfolk and Bristol or other counties who might be interested to form a com- mittee which will draw up by-laws. This committee is to report back at a later date, but as early as possible. As outlined at present this group would not be a cooperative sales group, although it would buy some supplies cooperatively, in all prob- pbility. The work of the Blueberry Cooperative Association made up of the cultivated blueberry growers in New Jersey, (largest), Michi- gan, (increasing rapidly), and North Carolina which marketed fruit to the amount of about a mil- lion and a half dollai's last year, was discussed. No aefinite indi,c„a- tion of whether any attempt to af- filiate with this association, if this blueberry cooperative is willing, was arrived at. For the moment, as a first step greatest interest was shown in co- operative buying, uniformity of prices, developing local markets, and disposing of surpluses at such time in the season at the market is apt to be glutted. The names of forty or so grow- ers were gathered by Mr. Beattie, and from the last meeting it was announced that the cultivated blue- berry acreage in Massachusetts is approximately 30, with slightly more than 15 acres not in full bearing. Most of the growers are in Wareham and suri'ounding towns, although two were present from Barnstable county, one of these being J. Foxcroft Carlton of East Sandwich who procuces more berries for market than any other grower. There were also two or three from upper Plymouth county and in Norfolk. Many of the Jersey blueberry growers are also cranberry grow- ers and this is true to some extent among this group in Massachu- setts. Much of the North Carolina growers are New Jersey men and of course those of Michigan, which it was pointed out at the meeting- is increasing acreage very rapidly, are not. W. H. Thies, extension pomol- ogist of Massachusetts State Col- lege was present to assist the growers as was also Dr. Franklin, who on a little less than a third of an acre at the State Bog last year produced the largest Massachu- setts ci'op in proportion to acreage. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Kelley, large growers of East Wareham were among those taking leading liarts in the meeting. Considerable real interest in an association was shown, but in these first two meetings th'^ growers have been mostly "groping their way along," and Chairman Beattie let "the meeting run along in valu- able, informal discussion of varie- ties, prices, containers and various other topics. J. W. Darlington Heads American Cranberry Ass'n American Cranberry Growers' Association held its annual winter meeting at Camden, Saturday, Jan- uary 29, electing Joseph White Darlington of Whitesbog, presi- dent. He succeeds Isaiah Haines. Other officers chosen were: first vice president, Francis Sharpless; second vice president, Joseph Pal- mer; statistician, Harry B. Weiss; secretary-treasurer, Charles S. Beckwith. Mr. Darlington is the grancson of Joseph J. White, Jer- sey pioneer and nephew of Miss Elizabeth C. White. Mr. Darling- ton is well known to growers in Massachusetts. CORRECTION Concerning a statement in the article in last month's issue by C. L. Lewis, Jr., regarding the sources of cranberries furnished Cranberry Canners, Inc., from New Jersey, Isaac Harrison, vice president of Growers Cranberry Company, writes: "Please note that a one year contract between Cranberry Can- ners, Inc. and Growers Cranberry Company of New Jersey was ne- gotiated during the spring of 1937. All individual contracts be- tween Cranberry Canners, Inc., and the growers who were mem- bers of Growers Cranberry Com- pany were replaced by this Co- operative Sales contract, becoming effective August 17, 1937." "This contract has been renewed from year to year since that date and is in force at this time. No member of Growers Cranberry Company has had an individual contract since 1937 and member shipments to "Cranberry Canners" have been through the Growers Cianberry Company and have paid a sales commission thereto." Three Interest In Cibbs Article Widespread Mr. Chaney Sends Copies of CRANBERRIES to Many Brokers All Over Country No article CRANBERRIES mag- azine ever published cut a wider swath than that concerning S. B. Gibbs, sons, Ruel S., president of the American Cranberry Exchange and New England Cranberry Sales Company, and Homer L., president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association. A considerable number of copies of the maga- zines containing the article were sent by C. M. Chaney to Exchange brokers all over the country with the following letter: Gentlemen: CRANBERRIES, the nat- ional cranberry magazine, is published monthly and is pri- marily in the interest of cran- berry growers, but often car- ries articles that are, or at least should be, of interest to our brokers and customers who play such a large and important part in the mar- keting of the nation's crop of cranberries each year. The December issue, copy of which is enclosed herewith, we believe carries at least one such article. It begins on Page 6 and will be completed in the January issue. It is the true story of a typical New England fami'y and represen- tative of the leaders in the ■production of the nation's cranberry crop. You will probably find oth- er cranberry news in this as well as in the January issue, copy of which we will also send you. Many replies were received by Mr. Chaney and a few of the most interesting follow, signatures omitted except in the case of W. H. Roussel of San Francisco, who is considered one of the leading and most up-to-date brokers of the Exchange, and who, as his letter indicates, has been on the cran- berry market for 66 years: W. H. Roussel 152 Clay St. San Franciscoo, 11, Calif. Dear Mr. Chaney: I received yours of the 18th and the copy of "CRAN- BERRIES." I have been a subscriber to it for several years and read it thoroughly. However, I thank you for send- ing me the extra copy. The article of the "Gibbs" family is very interesting, and a^so the one about Iceland. I take a great deal of pleasure in reading of what has been done by the pioneers and the future to follow. It is my belief that the post-war will see many more cooperative institutions of producers than ever before to offset the controlling in- terests of the big corporations. This is my 66th year on this market, during which time I have seen many changes. Yours sincerely, W. H. Roussel BECKWITH-DOEHLERT CONTRIBUTORS TO AGRICULTURAL BOOK Dear Mr. Chaney: I enjoyed reading the arti- cle about the Gibbs Family in the Cranberry Magazine and am looking forward to receiv- ing the January issue where it wir be completed. Naturally, it is romantic, and I am im- pressed by the strong char- acters of these men as shown by their pictures. There is one thing I am wondering about: Is there any difference in the flavor of the original wild cranberry and the cultivated berry of today? Dear Mr. Chaney: Your letter in reference to the magazine, "Cranberries," received today. We have been taking this magazine for the past four or five years and read all the good articles in it. The arti- cles referring to growers who have been growing cranberries for some time are usually good. We have been reading about the party you mention. Gentlemen: We want to thank you for your letter of the 18th inst., and the copy of the December, 1943 Cranberry magazine which you so kindly sent us. We found the contents of this magazine most interest- ing. The part about Mr. S. B. Gibbs was of particular in- terest and we will certain'y await the next issue of this magazine which will continue the pioneering story of the Gibbs family. Dear Mr. Chaney: Thank you for your letter of December 18th enclosing copy of "Cranberries." The peri- odical is very interesting to we folks who know little about cranberry culture, and the story of the Gibbs family is of Charles S. Beckwith, chief of the Jersey Cranberry and Blue- berry Experiment station, and Charles A. Doehlert of the staff are among 34 agricultural author- ities who are contributors to an encyclopedia of farming just pub- lished by Halcyon House, entitled "Successful Farming." Beckwith wrote on "Cranberry Culture," which he describes as one of the most unusual and interesting of all agricultural enterprises. Doeh- lert wrote on blueberries. Both men are Rutgers trained. Beck- with, in the many years he has served Jersey growers, has made many contributions, and Doehlert is credited with developing the use of blueberry fertilizers, meth- ods of tillage and pruning, and both together perfected a method for controlling the fruit fly, a very menacing insect to the blueberry industry. N. J. Co-op Elects The Blueberry Cooperative met January 14th at Pemberton, N. J., and elected Lester Collins of Moorestown, president, H. B. Scammel, Tom's River, vice presi- dent, and re-elected W. A. Jarvis, Pemberton, as secretary and treas- urer. The board of directors appoint- ed Stanley Coville of New Lisbon, N. J., as sales manager. All di- rectors were re-elected, and Edward Leach of Magnolia, a new member of the board. especial interest to descend- ants of the early settlers. It reminds us of the story of the Ball brothers who pioneered and are now outstanding in the fruit jar business. Dear Mr. Chaney: Thank you very much for sending us the copy of the December issue of "Cranber- ries." We found the article about the Gibbs Family to be very interesting. I think Mr. Benson showed us the old Nail Company Plant at Wareham or one just like it several years ago. Four -^^^^^^m^vcRmmy ^,^^^^ ^ Issue of February, 1944 — Vol. 8, No. 10 Published monthly at Th(7,y(,^ 4PE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON VKASHIN6T0N Compression and packaging section of the A. D. Makepeace Co. Dehydration Plant at Wareham Goodell Library MARS -.^44 A/Ias^^achusetts S.ctc; LGiiege Aarch, 1944 25 cents t- //i^ It is not a happy spring; it is not a merry spring, this year of 1944. It is a year in which the coming active months will count as never before in this great v^^ar. Our armed forces on the European front are fighting hard ; in the Pacific our forces are driving ahead with Japan's defeat the goal. We must swing into spring with action on the home front — backing up our fighters in every conceivable way. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin +-. Electricity in Agriculture The largest volume of food in American his- tory was processed, stored, and distributed in 1943 in meeting needs of the armed forces and civilians. In this, electricity played an important part. Electricity is a vital necessity for those engaged in producing our food supply. We will need to use electricity in the 1944 crop — to use it well and wisely. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satislaction ALFRFD PAPPl WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Warebam, Maasacbuaetta ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue • . Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purcbase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Ariems-TiV/ er THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 fT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 50a BRILLION, WIS THANKS FROM YANKS to cranberry growers who supplied cranberries for dehydrating in 1943. From a Plymouth boy . . "While helping to load a barge today I was thrilled when cases of Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce came along. It reminded me of home and the Plymouth factory." From a Wareham boy "We had Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce today. It was delicious, and reminded me of home." From another boy "Of all the dehydrated foods, Ocean Spray Cranberries take the lead. Most of our food lacks color and flavor, but this cranberry sauce sure hits the spot." From another boy . . "I got excited when I saw a great pile of Ocean Spray Cranberries today. I couldn't help but shout, 'That's from the factory in North Chicago where I worked.' " From another boy "Send us more Ocean Spray Cranberries. They seem just like a letter from home." CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash.' Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware NIAGARA SPRAYER and CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Middleport, N. Y. Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as w^ell as a full line of dusting machinery. Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOCKS, CRATING Vi'IREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. i The PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Wood County Nations Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SU1TS--US BRAND SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts To Growers: If You Want BOXES NEXT FALL You MUST cut Logs NOW Tel. Carver 10-4 Contact Us We Need Massachusetts Native White Pine for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 Committee Hopes for One-Third Pyrethrum Need, Maybe Rotenone WFA Considers that Proportion of Pyrethrum if Supply Permits, and Growers May Appeal for Permission to Use Rotenone, which was Barred Last Year The special insecticide commit- tee which went before War Food Administration in Washington last month, at the suggestion of WFA to discuss the needs of the cran- berry industry for pyrethrum and rotenone this season came back with the hope that supplies may permit the allocation of about one-third of pyrethrum require- ments in Massachusetts and New Jersey. The understanding is that Wisconsin and the West Coast will receive supplies already allo- cated to manufacturers. As con- cerns rotenone, its use on cran- berry vines is not forbidden as it has been the past two years; grow- ers may appeal for permission to use whatever they have on hand or appeal for an aPotment of new material as the need arises. This does not mean that the cranberry industry will necessarily receive a third of its pyrethrum needs or that the use of rotenone will positively be granted, but that it is hoped by WFA that the insec- ticide situation will develop favor- ably enough to make allocations of a third of the pyrethrum needs am! it may be possible to a]low som<' rotenone use to cranberry growers. Figures presented to WFA showed that average use of p^'- rethrum on a basis of 1.3 pyreth- rins, which is top strength, in the past four years has been 190,000 pounds for the industry, or rough- ly on a basis of 300,000 pounds in lesser concentrations. For the years 1940, '41, '42, and '43, the Massachusetts average has been about 140,000 pounds, New Jersey (and Long Island) about 33,000 pounds, Wisconsin, 4,500 pounds, and the balance on the West Coast where sprays are extensively used. Both insecticides are very crit- ical this year. Concerning the pyrethrum needs, the military forces are planning to take the bulk of the pyrethrum crop to make "bombs" to use in malaria mosquito areas to protect the fight- ing forces. This need obviously comes first, agriculture will get its share, and it was to secure, if pos- sible, its fair share of this general agricultural allotment that this committee, representing the indus- try, went to Washington. As the need for allocations of new rotenone supplies becomes ap- parent, growers may appeal through their dealers for permis- sion to obtain and use it. Whetli- er the use of any rotenone is grant- ed or not will depend upon the gen- eral supply. Those making the trip were: Massachusetts, Russell Makepeace, Dr. Henry J. Franklin, Carl Urann, lepresenting Cranberry Canners, Inc.; Homer Gibbs, Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' association; Mel- ville C. Beaton, Beaton's Distrib- uting Agency, Ferris Waite of Cianberry Canners, Inc., who will handle Canners Growers' Buying Pool insecticides went along un- officially. New Jersey: Dr. Chas. S. Becicwith, Isaiah Haines, 1943 president of American Cranberry Growers' Association, James D. Holman, and Theodore H. Budd, prominent Jersey growers; Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange; E. Clyde McGrew. Mr. McGrew has played an im- portant part in assembling figures from the producing areas and will act as "contact agent" between the growers and WFA in the allocation of such supplies of pyrethrum and rotenone as may be forthcoming. Before the committee went, efforts were made to obtain the names of all suppliers to the growers, this being done in Massachusetts through the County Agents. The plan is to allocate to each supplier one third of his average sales of the past four years, which, in turn, will be distributed to the growers. The matter of synthetic and sub- stitute insecticides was also fu ly discussed. DR. FRANKLIN GOT HIS DOUGHNUTS When Dr. H. J. Franklin was in Washington on the recent trip of the cranberry insecticide commit- tee he asked for corn muffins, then doughnuts with his breakfast at the hotel, but there were none. "Well," said Dr. Franklin, look- ing up at the waitress, "I'm very disappointed in Washington. We have plenty of both in East Ware- ham, Massachusetts." Next morning Dr. Franklin asked for doughnuts all over again. The waitress said there were no doughnuts, and went out to bring in orders. When she got back, to her surprise Dr. Franklin was eat- ing doughnuts. A member of tiie committee had brought in some in a little paper bag, purchased at a local "hot dog" stand. MR. CHANEY IN TRAIN WHICH WAS WRECKED Making business trips for near- ly forty years now, C. M. Chaney, general manager of the American Cranberry Exchange, recently ex- peiienced his first railroad wreck. This was in the mi. -west. One man was killed in the crash, but the train, although making high speed, was not derailed. Mr. Chaney, al- though uninjured, says it is an ex- perience he does not wan to repeat. Three Joseph W. Darlington 27-Year Old Whitesbog Man Heads Amer- ican Cranberry Association — Oldest Growers' Association Oldest of the existing associa- tions of cranberry growers, the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, which in New Jersey cor- responds to the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association in Mas- sachusetts and the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' Association in Wisconsin, at its meeting last month elected the youngest presi- dent of any of these cranberry groups. This was when Joseph W. Darlington of Whitesbog was made its head at the annual winter meet- ing of the association. Mr. White was bom Feb. 7, 1917. The New Jersey association will in August have been in continuous organiz- tion 75 years. The American Cranberry Glow- ers' Association "takes its age" from its summer mooting, as that was the time it started as the New Jersey Cranberry Growers' Asso- ciation. When it began, this was the only large association of cran- berry growers in the country, formed by union with a smaller New Jersey regional association. A Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' association formed during the Civil wai- had gone out of exist- ence. For many years this Jersey organization carried the torch of cranberry knowledge for the en- tire industry and had so many members from Massachusetts, Wis- consin and other states that the name was changed from New Jer- sey to American. Mr. Darlington, who has been eontinuous'y interested in cran- berry growing since he graduated from college in 1939, is the grand- son of Joseph J. White, leader and a foremost organizer of the cran- berry industry of the past century, and the nephew of Miss Elizabeth C. White, of Whitesbog, whose fame in blueberry culture in par- ticular and in New Jersey cranber- ry growing is widespread. Mr. Darlington at 27 is, as he himself says, "not very far along in life yet," but his "story" so far in his own words is: "I was born February 2, 1917, in Philadelphia and lived with my parents in Lansdown, Pa., a suburb of Philadelphia unti' I graduated from ' the William Penn Charter school in 1935. From that time on I became a true New Jerseyite, working at Whitesbog during the summer vacations and attending Rutgers University the rest of the year. "In the spring of '39 I graduated from Rutgers and spent that sum- mer and fall in Massachusetts to get a good start in this "serious" business of raising cranberries. Most of the time I was visiting bogs from one end of the state to the other with "Joe" Kelley. It's too bad I couldn't have been sev- eral places at once so I wouldn't have had to miss so many of the interesting things which were al- ways going on at the State Bog and elsewhere. I did manage to make many friends and get some realization of what there is to ^earn in the cranberry industry and how short one man's lifetime is for picking up that information. "Since my stay in Massachusetts I have been working for J. J. White, Inc., at Whitesbog. Last summer, however, I got that urge that sooner or later comes to ev- erybody interested in the cranberry industry, namely to have a bog of my own, with the result that I have two places to work now, instead of one." New Jersey has in the past few years suffered a regrettable de- cline in production of cranberries, due to severity of the false blossom disease in that state and from other causes, but Mr. Darlington feels if new stimulation and well- directed interest can be brought about in New Jersey the produc- tion trend can be sent in the oppo- site direction from which it is now going. ORDERS FOR 1944 CROP RECEIVED NOW As a good omen toward next fall's market, Mr. Beaton is al- ready receiving letters willing to place very substantial orders for the coming crop. These buyers are willing to order now, with price subject to the market at that time. These orders are coming in in su cient number to justify con- fidence that demand will be good, for the '44 production. Issue of March, 1944^ — Vol. 8, No. H Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS MASSACHUSETTS ^Winter Kill Reports — Greatest in- terest— and apprehension — contin- ues to be in the lack of rain (or snowfall) in Massachusetts, where a very considerab'e acreage of the bogs continues to lie without ade- quate coverage against cold winter winds. There has already been considerable winter kill, just how much it would be very difficult to estimate at present. But reports of kill are heard on all sides and this noticing of killing began early in February. 1160 Per Cent Lack Protection— A fairly accurate estimate of the amount of acreage which does not have any, or only slight protection would run up pretty close to 60 per cent, that is, more than half the bogs which ordinarily have good protection long before this are ex- posed to danger of damage, and many have already been damaged. Cold winds between now and the end of this month could do a lot more injury. There was a six inch fall of snow on February 11 and 12 which gave protection only for two or three days during a brief cold spell following. Then came a heavy rain and the snow was gone. For instance, Feb. 19th was a very cold day, with wind, a day which may have added to the injury. The winter and the past month, as a whole, however, have very fortu- nately been on the mild side. llWater Way Down — This long con- tinued lack of normal rainfall has lowered all water supplies. Ponds and reservoirs are lower than they have been in many years. Many growers say they now have, and have had for weeks, less water than they had last fall, and sup- plies were very scanty then. Not even a semblance of a flow could be put on many bogs. Growers want and need rain and plenty of it without delay. They are natur- ally growing more and more wor- ried as the winter passes, with vines exposed, and winter will be turning into spring and another frost season, wnth water supplies woefully inadequate. TfSandJng Continued — There has been sufficient cold for ice this win- ter, and the good start made in sanding early in the winter has been continued. Quite a lot has been done. Even in Barnstable County, where very little ice sand- ing is done, sanding has been at- tempted. NEW JERSEY HBogs Flooded — Jersey bogs are well flooded, quite in contrast to those in Massachusetts, and in late February there was considerable rainfall. Some bog land was in- jured by freezing and heaving dur- ing January, but the loss from this was not expected to prove very serious. ^Blueberry Pruning ■ — Blueberry growers are busy with pruning and have been doing very well at it. Unless some unusual weather occurs the large plantations will be well pruned before growth starts this spring. Almost every other year pruning has been de- layed, due to the cranberry pack- ing, but this difficulty did not stand in the way this year. By C J. H. WISCONSIN TINeed More Water There was very little snow in the principal cranberry areas this year, only about three or four inches around Wisconsin Rapids; some very warm spel's, and there was little rainfall last fall. Consequently, more rainfall is going to be needed very badly in the next few weeks before spring. Ordinarily there is not a great deal of rain in the spring, and the added winter water in the reservoirs is now very low. There could be heavy spring kill- ing and frost damage, and growers are fervent'y hoping for moi'e water immediately. So far winter kill has been of no significance. HMuch Sanding Done — As the re- sult of this open winter, with plen- ty of ice uncovered by snow, a great deal of sanding has been done, much more than noi-mal. TICanning Berries in Bags — Cran- berry Sales Company next year is planning to send its berries to Cranberry Canners in paper sugar bags, as a way of solving the crit- ical container situation. This mat- ter has been discussed with Mr. Urann and the plan is considered feasible, and Vernon Goldsworthy has spent considerable time con- sidering various angles of the plan; as a consequence of this it is not expected Wisconsin will have any shortage of quarter shipping bcxes. TIHas Pyrethrum — Neither does Wisconsin expect to be too short of pyrethrum, as the Sales Com- pany has been able to get hold of a stock which had previously (Continued on Page 16) Five General view of Proc tor & Schwartz dehy drator, inspection ta bles, and elevator ti finishing bins. MAKEPEACE "CRANNIES // Improved Plant At Wareham, Mass., Processed for Armed Forces — Probably First in Commercial Cranberry De- hydration. By C. J. HALL The practice of drying cranber- ries or other fruits and vegetables is one of the oldest methods of preserving them for future use. The American Indians and the an- cients knew the art of keeping foods by drying in the sun. One of the inost up-to-date examples of cranberry dehydration, com- bined with compression, has been going on this past fall and winter at the re-modelled and re-equipped plant of the A. D. Makepeace Com- pany at Wareham, Mass. The process is nothing new for the A. D. Makepeace Company, for as far as has been established there was no commercial cehydra- tion prior to the work of this company, beginning in 1909. At least no record of anything earlier has yet been found. This first at- tempt was with a kiln drier, but in 1911 a tunnel type drier was de- signed by the Company and is the first tunnel drier known to have been built in this country unless a vague story of an earlier prune drier in Oregon is verified. The story .of this early dehydra- tion is an interesting one and will be sketched in a little later, and also extremely interesting is the dehydration and compression pro- cess which was carried on this fall and winter. This was the preparation of "Crannies" for the U. S. armed forces. Makepeace's "Evaporated Cran- berries" have been wide'y known to civilian trade for many years, but about ten years ago this name was changed to "Crannies." Since that time this brand has repre- sented their whole, dehydrated cranberries. About 161,000 lbs. of them have been prepared for the Quartermaster General's office (which also supplies the Navy), be- ing done under a sub-contract for Cranberry Canners, Inc., as a part of the Government order of the 1943 crop. As is known, dehydrated cran- berries for Government v;se this past season have been processed in three ways, under the Cranberry Canners contract. The plant at Plymouth (Mass.) has been oper- ating 24 hours a day, making the powdered product by the Sardik method. The Hanson plant has made sliced dehydrated cranbei'- ries, as have also the Canners' plants at Gurnee, Illinois, and Bor- den town. New Jersey, Sargent type driers being used; and also at Grayland, Washington, where i converted prune drier was pressec into use. In setting up this new Make peace Company plant for "Cran nies," some of the equipment wa; designed by the Makepeace Com pany itse'f, carriers were designee and built by the Hayden Manufac- turing Company of Wareham, anc the dehydrator is standard ir principle, but with special adap- tations for cranberry drying. This drier combines the tunnel and the cabinet processes, retaining the best features of both. This new assembly was started up for the first time about Septem- ber 15th last, and continued on a 24-hour a day basis until mid-De- cember, and the compressing until mid-January. This equipment is in the power house of the former New Bedford & Onset St. R. R. Company, and the cranberries arrive by truck at the first floor, where they are un loaded under cover and are started on their way for the startling physical change. These berries may be either Early Blacks or Howes, or for that matter, other varieties, as the product is not sold by variety. But they must be quality cranberries. For one rea- son, the quality shows in the ap- pearance of the "Crannies" when they are reconstituted to whole berries in preparation for table use. Nor, as a matter of fact, can inferior, poor quality berries be dehydrated as whole fruit. Dumped into a conveyor, the berries are taken to the top, or third floor, where the entire pro- cessing is carried on. This pro- vides floor space of 50x90 feet, the, entire floor having been lowered from its original position to make head room for the equipment. The second story of the brick building is used for storage and for pack- aging fresh cranberries into one pound (cellophane) bags. First step in processing is from a hopper at the conveyor top into a home-designed punching machine where a series of three rollers, studded with pins, make certain every berry has several holes in it to let out moisture in the drying oven. The punctured berries drop onto a wire screen or tray, the tray being 30x30 inches, which is shoved into place along a track by workmen. Covered with berries, the trays are stacked on a dolly, 32 high, and the doPy is pushed to the dehydrator. This dehydrator, divided roughly into three compartments, is a mas- sive affair, 45 feet from the "wet end" or start of the process, to the "diy end" or exit. It is approxi- mately 18 feet wide and eleven feet high. This was built by Proc- tor & Schwartz of Philadelphia, as previously stated, especially for the A. D. Makepeace Company. There are four entrance doors at the wet end, and so four more at the dry end for removing the dollies, each with the stacked trays of cranberries, which had been placed in the four wet end entrances simultaneously. After the first four have been in half an hour, another series of four dolMes is shoved in place, pushing the first series forward. At the end of eight hours the dehydrator is full, containing 64 sets of trays. Temperature and drafts are care- fully controlled. With dehydra- tion completed, the first set is removed, another set shoved in and the process continued without ces- sation. About 5,000 pounds can be dried in 24 hours. Temperature within the dehy- drator is maintained between 155 and 165 degrees. Air is sucked in by fans and heated by a series of steam coils, principally in the area above the trays, where there is a network of fin coils, something like the radiator of an automobile. There are also larger pipes be- tween the two midd'e row^s of trays at the wet end. In this sec- tion the draft is forced through clockwise and in the other two counter-clockwise. Moisture-laden air is drawn out the top and blown out through the roof of the build- ing. Taken from the dehydrator the trays of dried berries are inspect- ed and then carried by conveyor to "finishing bins" where heat is applied to condition the beriies for compression. Next step is to the compression department. From a hopper the cranberries are auto- matically weighed and fed into two presses. Each one pound unit Mr. and Mrs. William Day de- trayinK dehydrat- ed berries into bins. of 170 cubic inches is compressed into a rectangular block of 50 cu. inches. In this process the berries are fed into a sleeve, whirled to another station for the actual com- pression under pressure of from 1,000 to 1,200 pounds per square inch and then whirled to another station and the bricks ejected. Actual compression time is ten to fifteen seconds. A woman at a top sealer close by p'aces the brick in a carton which has already been sealed at the bottom. The package then goes through the top sealer and is closed. This is then dipped in melted wax at 200 degrees to make it moisture proof. Eighteen of these one-pound cartons are placed in a corrugated box. Each of these boxes are put in a "Reynold's Bag," so called — this bag, incident- ally, explains where some of the tinfoil and special wrappings for cigarettes and other products have gone for the duration. The Reynolds Bag is heat sealed and, with the wax, gives the con- tents of each pound carton a dou- b e moisture barrier. Then, for rough handling, two bags are put in a heavy "V-2" solid fibre con- tainer, this being one of the strongest made for the armed forces. A sleeve of the same ma- terial is wrapped around and the whole is twice steel strapped. Dchydrateu, compressed, double sealed against moisture, strongly wrapped, 36 pounds of cranberries are ready for delivery to the Army to be shipped anywhere in the world. Each pound carton will serve 100 men, about a quarter cup each. To make the product ready for use, the brick is soaked in boil- ing water for 30 minutes to restore the berries to their whole size and appearance; boiled for 10 minutes; sugar added, and boiled 5 minutes more. The result is a whole fruit cranberry sauce. The story of how this came about may be told as one of four steps. The first was in 1909 at the Makepeace Company where experi- ments were being made with cran- berry juices. Some of the refuse was accidentally left on -top of a radiator, where it dried. It was found that this dried pulp, after cooking, made a very good sauce. This suggested commercial dry- ing. The first drying process made use of a galvanized iron enclosure erected over a coal stove, extending two stories high, with doors for the entrance and exit of ti-ays loaded with fresh fruit. This pro- duced a satisfactory product and it found a ready market, but as a commercial project the output was negligible. But the quality of the prouct and the advantages off"ered suggested the company might have the basis for a good patent. Examination of the patent files disclosed the idea was not new, as on March 19, 1872, U. S. Patent No. 124,837 had been issued to one LeGrand Knifi'en of Worcester, Massachusetts. This inventor had foreseen, even then, the usefulness of dehydrated cranberries for the armed forces, the keeping quality of the product in tight cans, and of the possibility of further reduc- ing its bulk by pressure. The specifications for this patent notes: "I have invented a certain new and useful Improved Process of Preparing Cranberries for Preser- vation and Shipment. It is well known that the cranberry is a de- licious and healthful fruit and one which contains elements that pe- culiarly adapt it for use as an ac- cessory to Army and shipping sup- plies, provided it can be prepared in such a manner that it will re- tain its quality and flavor for an (Continued on Page 14) Seven BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS ^ ^^ It's a great goal this nation fighting men of our nation and o keep enough for US here at home in the great, over-all war effort. We are supplying a worthy in producing our specialized for berries. We can and must do m raising as much food in Victory AND U. S. MEANS US Including Cranberry Growers has set, to release food for the ur fighting friends — and still to to keep going on and do our part part of this general food supply m of agricultural product — cran- ore than that again this year in Gardens as we can. This is the 22nd of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Waterville Cranberry Co, HOMER L. GIBBS, Pres. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. J. J. BEATON CO. Wareham, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. - * ISSUE OF MARCH, 1944 Vol, 8 No. 11 THE MARKET CONTINUES THE cranberry industry could go into the 1944 active season with a whole lot more discouraging prospect than is contained in the belief expressed by C. M. Chaney that the unprecedented demand for cranberries last fall will continue into this season, and the statement of Lt. Col. Dunn that minimum Government require- ments for dehydrated berries will be 150,000 barrels. If portents and the best advance information mean anything tnis adds up to the fact there will be no ques- tion of selling however big a crop may be produced this year. That doesn't mean there will be no marketing problems, how- ever. But growers can go ahead to solve their individual problems of scarcity of insecticides, labor, shipping boxes, and the thousand and one general problems of growing a crop with the comforting back log that there is a market for their pro- duction. GOOD WORK DONE THAT cranberry insecticide committee which went to Washington to see about the pyrethrum and rotenone situa- tion didn't come back with any assurances of all of these vital insecticides the cran- berry industry needs. Of course nobody, not even the committee, expected it pos- sibly could. But it did come back with the promise of a very fair share of Govern- ment allotment of pyrethrum for all agri- culture. It did comply witn the request of Government agencies for a concise, coor- dinated report of what the cranberry in- dustry wanted and what it could make do with. Good work was done for the indus- try as a whole. The entire thing showed the value of cooperation, with both the co- operatives and independents taking part. Once again it showed the industry to be on its toes and united, ready to cooperate in the national agricultural i)]'oblem. YOUTH AT THE HEAD JERSEY seems to have lost no time an- swering the challenge that perhaps one of the things Jersey needs to bring back her cranberry production is more emphasis on youth. The oldest cranberry Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application growers' association is now headed by the youngest president. It's a truism that good ideas often spring from youthful minds, and as a mat- ter of fact youthful minds are not always m.easured by years of life. It looks in this year of 1944 as if every industry, every human activity is going to need the full benefit of all good brains and good thought of both young and old to keep this world going ahead and not slipping back into chaos. Jerse}^ is making a real effort to come back from its decline in cranberry production. The public can apparently consume all the cranberries that can be produced for the next few years at least. All growers will wish luck to any efforts 27-year-old Joseph W. Dar- lington can contribute as president of the 75-year-old American Cranberry Growers Association. Ni»« J. Richard Beattie Associate Agent of Plymouth County (Massachusetts), Now Active in Cranberry and Blueberry Work J. Richard Beattie, who came to the Plymouth County Extension Service in July, 1940 as Assistant County Agent, is now getting a lot better acquainted with the Massachusetts cranberry growers (most'y of Plymouth County, of course), and the growers are get- ting a lot better acquainted with him. And this mutual understand- ing and working together is likely to increase a great deal more. Now, Mr. Beattie is Associate County Agent to "Joe" T. Brown (CRANBERRIES. March 1940), who has been County Agent since Feb., 1939. As the Extension Ser- vice work has been so greatly in- creased since the start of the war, Mr. Brown has assigned to Mr. Beattie the horticultural projects as his chief interest, while Mr. Brown will continue to have over- all supervision and direct charge of livestock. Horticulture includes market gardening, home gardens, forestry, tree fruits and small fruits, "small fruits including cran- berries," as a Government agricul- tural report would say, but in Ply- mouth County it is "cranberries and other small fruits," cranber- ries being Plymouth County's lead- ing crop. However, in this division of specified duties, both Mr. Brown and Mr. Beattie are making it clear that Joe Brown has not given up his interest in cranberry work nor is he to forsake the cranberry men. It means that he has to put in more of his time in general over- all supervision of agricultural in- terests in Plymouth County. "Joe" will not become a stranger to the cranberry men. Likes Cranberry Work Mr. Beattie says he finds cran- berry growing and the industry mighty interesting, and he is en- tering into the problems of the growers with a vim which augurs well. Mr. Beattie is a "farm boy," and has always been conversant with general agricultural matters. Ii so happens he was born in the city — Lynn, Massachusetts, July 26, 1914. His father, a native of Vermont, graduate of Norwich University and a civil engineer, was living in Lynn at that time. But when Dick was five his par- ents decided to go back to Vei-mont iuid took up fai-ming. This was at GuiMhall, Vermont, which, incidentally, is the only town by this name in the United States and named after that town ill England. So from the age of live, Dick was brought up to rural, a.i;ricultural life on a 250-acre dairy farm. He went to High school, across the Connecticut river in New Hampshire, taking up a commer- cial course, intending to get some business knowledge and go back to the farm. But his plans were changed and he decided to go on, and after graduation went on to prep school at Mt. Hermon. Here he came to the decision to take up agriculture as a life work, and after graduation in 1935 he went to the University of New Hamp- shire. Here he majored in ento- mology and forestry, receiving his B. S. in agriculture in 1939, and returned the following year to get his M. S. That summer he had taught forestry as a graduate as- sistant at the New Hampshire University Forest Camp at Passa- conaway, N. H. While at New Hampshire Uni- versity he belonged to Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, and was pres- ident during his senior year. He was also a member of Alpha Zeta, national agricultural honorary fraternity, and a member of Phi Sigma, National honorary Zoolog- ical order. He was interested in baseball and basketball, and was a member of the New Hampshire basketbaH team. Before he was assigned to Ply- mouth County in the Extension Service in 1940, he admits he knew practically nothing about cranber- ries. He was familiar with them on the table at various times, but perhaps even then his knowledge was a shade more extensive than that of the average person. Cran- berries grow wild in his part of Vermont and he has picked them ^ (Continued on Page 16) opportunity is NOW You know what prices cranberries brought last year. Every indication is for a good price this coming fall. 1944 Cranberry Equipment and Repair Situation is much more favorable. You'll want every mechanical aid possible for ob- taining greatest production. IT IS PROBABLE WE CAN BE OF REAL HELP TO YOU in getting a good crop this fall. But delay in letting us know what you want in new equipment or repairs may be fatal. GET IN TOUCH WITH US NOW with your particular problems. WE'LL GET TOGETHER ON YOUR NEEDS. * Yours for a good crop in '44 HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. \\ County-Wide Cranberry Meeting'' At Carver Growers Told There is Big Demand Now for 1944 Crop, and Government Dehydrated Need is for 150,000 Barrels — Program Arrangement was Novelty Something new in Massachusetts cranberry club meetings was held February 24 at Carver when the two Plymouth County clubs spon- sored a "County-wide" meeting of all growers in a gathering begin- ning at two in the afternoon, last- ing throughout the afternoon, a supper at six, followed by another speaking program and winding up with square dancing, beginning at 8. That this meeting, planned by County Agent "Joe" Brown, Asso- ciate J. Richard Beattie, and Pres- idents Frank Crandon, Southeast- ern Club, and George I. Short, South Shore, was a good idea, was proven by attendance of nearly 200 which filled the hall and made two supper relays necessary. As Rus- sell Makepeace, who kept the meeting right on the beam as chairman, said, a beautiful day and a fine array of speakers brought the crowd out. When the growers went home they went with the assurance that for another year there would ap- parently be no trouble in se'ling however big a crop might be i)ro- duced, and assumedly at satisfac- tory prices. This encouraging news came from Chester Chaney of the Sales Company, and from a speak- er new to the growers, Lt. Col. Cecil G. Dunn of the Office of the Quartermaster Corps, Washinuton, D. C, who told the 1944 dehydrat- ed cranberry needs of the Govern- ment. "The armed forces like cranl.er- ries," Col. Dunn said, "and they could eat every cranberry you could grow. But the Government does not want to deprive you of all of your civilian market nor deprive the civilians of all cranberries. "Government needs were not an- nounced at Chicago this year, as last, but we now know our mini- mum need will be for 1,500,000 pounds of dehydrated cranberries, that is 15,000,000 pounds of fresh berries or 150,000 figured in bar- rels." This is 50 per cent more than the final amount of 100,000 barrels last year, and might figure up roughly to around a quarter of about an average crop. Mr. Chaney said, speaking of the 1944 outlook: "The demand will unquestionably be great enough to take the entire crop as fresh ber- ries, regardless of what size the crop is, and at good prices. I be- lieve I can truthfully say right now that actual orders, not SAP (Subject to Approval of Price) now would amount to twice the amount we shipped last year if we could take those orders now." MR. CHANEY Mr. Chaney was the first speak- er on the program and called last year's marketing the most remark- able ever experienced and said there would probably never be an- other year like that. He said the buying power of the public was the most important factor and buying power exceeded anything he had ever seen before.- Demand was so great that the entire crop coud have been readily sold on the fresh market. "In a certain extent there was a ceiling price on cranberries last fall," he said. "As far as the buy- ing public went there was, of course, none, but there would have been if we had not done right with the War Food Administration. We were being watched very closely. I couldn't tell you this then, but I can now. Our opening price had to be right. I set the $17.00 open- ing price for Early Blacks with a great deal of thought. It turned out it was not out of line. "We worked very closely with W^FA last year, and this close co- operation was a factor in that no ceiling price was imposed on fresh cranberries. Now, about a ceiling this year. I am hoping that with the same close cooperation with WFA we may work things so that no ceiling will be necessary. Of course there may be one. If there is one I am sure we, as the cran- berry industry, will be asked for assistance in figuring what that ceiling should be, and that it w-ill be one which will be satisfactory. Government officials are now co- operating more closely with busi- ness in the matter of new ceil- ings." In his talk Mr. Chaney went back to his first experience in the industry, in 1905 in the "horse and buggy" days; and he said it liter- ally was horse and buggy. That year the total crop was 270,000 barrels and the opening price paid growers for Blacks was $5.00. Those were the days of real corn- Eleven petition, he said, and then came the year 1906 when nobody made any money, either growers or buyers. Then followed cooperative selling. With a chart he sketched the price progress through the years, and said price had closely followed buying power of the pub- lic, which rose to its greatest peak last year. The law of supply and demand is stronger than any con- trols, he said. "We have a record of the past, but none of the future," he said. He advised growers to raise as big a crop as possible this year, that the demand would be good. He felt that thei*e was no question but that all the berries raised can be marketed and that while obviousV no crop estimate could be made now he did not have the feeling- there would be an unusually large one. COL. DUNN Colonel Dunn, in his interesting talk, said he brought the greetings and thanks of the Quartermaster General and his department to the cranberry growers. "The Quarter- master's Corps is grateful for what you did in cooperation last year," he said. "Cranberry Canners, Inc. and the cranberry growers are to be commended for the way the cranberry industry cooperated last year. I thank you." He told the story of army de- hydrated foods and how the service men liked some of these processed foods, and some, unfortunately, did not like too well. Cranberries was one which was liked by every- body in the armed forces. The job of the Quartermasters Corps is to provide quality food for the armed forces. "When you are working on your bogs you can feel you are directly working for the war ef- fort. The armed forces could eat every cranberry you could raise. Go ahead this year . and raise all the cranberries you can." Col. Dunn's talk brought a i-ound of standing applause, and Chairman Makepeace told him the growers were deeply appreciative of his taking the time and trouble to come up to the Cape. FRANK CRANDON Frank Crandon, one of the sev- eral all over the country who are working on picking machines, told of progress on his machine. He brought the news that at the an- nual August meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associa- tion, "with Dr. Franklin's permis- sion he would bring this machine to the State Bog and show that it will pick cranberries. He said he had been trying to work out a picker "in his head" for the past ten years. He said last year he interested a draughts- man, Herbert Leonard, who was Twelve a mechanic and an inventoi', and they had gone to work. They had worked until the money ran out, and then he said he had gone where he thought money could be ob- tained— to M. L. Urann. Mr. Urann, he said, had told him to keep right on and send bills to him. They had done this and produced a machine last fall, but it only took a few minutes of trial to prove it was not right. It weighed about 800 pounds and was too heavy. Another has been made since then, and this, he said, weighs approximately 325 pounds, is 26 inches wide, and is powered with a 2% horsepower motor and is speeded for 60 to 90 feet a min- ute and can be operated by one man. This will pick from an acre to one and one-quarter acres a day, or about the work of ten men, and is operated with the one man and a crew of five or six to handle the boxes. He had been told he could not make a picker, he said, but he had made one that works and made a promise to show it next August. GEORGE SHORT George Short followed Mr. Cran- don, telling of a sand spreader he has developed. This spreader is 33 inches wide and will spread evenly at a depth of from one quarter to one and one-quarter inches. It will hold a little more than a wheel- barrow of sand and can be u^ed on ice three or four inches thick. He said this winter had been excellent for testing sanding on the ice and the sand had been spread in vari- ous ways, some experiments had been planned so that sand was spread leaving places for sunlight to go through the ice to give light to the vines for oxygen supply. This , spreader can also be used on the vines, he said. Mr. Short, as president of the South Shore club, also welcomed the growers and told of the pur- pose of this county-wide meeting and said he believed such meetings made the growers better cranberry growers and that in producing cranberries they were helping to- wards the victory over the Axis which is certainly coming. GEORGE W. WESTCOTT George W. Westcott, Extension Economist of Massachusetts State College, gave a picture of the eco- nomic times in an address, "The After Effects of the War." Mr. Westcott told how the peak of pro- duction had increased from its level in 1929 to 1943, although a considerable portion of this was now in militai-y goods. He said that based on the value of the 1940 dollar the nation now has the ca- pacity of producing 142 billion dollars in goods a year. The future would depend, he said, upon the amount of work put out by the nation as a whole, that if everybody works at best capac- ity at satisfactory wages the pres- ent buying power can be main- tained. The cranberry grower fit- ted into this picture as the produc- ers of one of the items making up total production. He said if buy- ing power could continue, produc- tion could continue with good prices. If any of these industries, even such as the cranben'y in- dustry, was forced to slow down or lay off production because of insufficient buying power of the public, it effected the whole picture to that degree. Te spoke of the need of planning to prevent any such slump taking place, and said if America had been "dumb" in the past in mis- takes of not keeping the whole machine running at top capacity it would be worse than dumb if it hfld not learned from these mis- takes. Now that it is proved what our production capacity is it ■-hould not be allowed to s^ump off. He suggested an over-all "employ- n^ent service," in which each work- pT in the country would be regis- tered, so that the whole nation would know at all times — just as !+ does every Monday of its finan- cial situation — the exact picture of its state of employment. A board of some sort, made up of members of Congress of the Ex- '^f^utive branch and of labor and industry could keep this program in balance, he said. DR. H. J. FRANKLIN Dr. H. J. FFranklin had charge of a brief discussion period. One of the greatest concerns of the growers, it developed, was the amount of winter kill which had occurred or might take place be- fore spring. He said no estimate had been made on a percentage basis, but added, "I don't like the winter kill situation at all." He said March temperatures were yet to come before any definite effect of this winter could be known. He thought December had probably been the worst month so far. Asked to comment on crop pros- pects as they might be conjectured at present, he said the situation was so "mixed" that he would not like to say anything one way or another. He did say the lack of snow this year might mean less fruitworm, as so little snow would not have afforded protection. MRS. ARTHUR THOMAS Dr. Franklin has considered that birds might be especially useful in the insect control program this year, critical because of the insec- ticide shortage, and a bird author- ity was a featured speaker on the DTOgram. This was Mrs. Arthur Thomas, lecturer of the Boston Museum of Naatural History. Mrs. Thomas told of the insect-eating: birds and how these mig-ht be kept around the long'cst time or attract- ed by proper bii'd houses. Of these birds, she named blue- birds as the most important insect eaters, tree swallows second, but which were a "bold" bird, attacking" the bluebirds; star'ings and pur- ple g-rackles which are "nasty" fellows as far as other birds went, ;ind red-winged blackbirds, which do not nest in made houses but which come very early and remain very late and so could do a lot of good. Crows, she said, in answer to a question, were not good as insect eaters, as they are seed eat- ing birds. The Audubon Society, whose Mas- sachusetts address is 155 Newbury street, Boston, will answer any bird questions and will supply some articles without any charge, she said. It makes a point of an- swering questions relative to the value of bird life as applied to various agricultural crops. Her advice in genera^ was to bring up the population of these insect-eat- ing birds around cranberry bogs. The meeting was held at the Town hall, and at six o'clock a fine chicken pie supper was served by the women of the Carver church at Veterans' hall. The meeting re- convened at 7.30 in the town hall, with Colonel Dunn the first speak- er, followed by Dr. F. J. Sievers of Amherst, director of Massachu- setts Agricultural Expei'iment Station. DR. F. J. SIEVERS Dr. Sievers gave an inspiring talk, as he has so many times at various cranberry meetings, titMng his topic, "The War and I." He said that for many individuals such as he, who had no direct or- ders of duties to perform in the general war effort, they might best help by pursuing a "negative course." By that he said he meant simply "not getting in the way, not hindering. He said that at a fire those having nothing to do greatly hinder the firemen if they get in the way. But, above all, he said, "don't stick out your foot in the hope of tripping up those who are carrying on the war effort, don't constantly criticise those in office." He said ration boards, draft boards, the OPA and Govern- ment officials in Washington are doing thankless jobs to the best of their ability. They were not above honest criticism, he said, but constant destructive criticism and the hope they might be tripi)ed up were extremely harmful. "Af- ter all," he said, "it is your war and if you hurt their efforts you are only hurting yourself," KRYOCIDE The Natural Cryolite Insecticide Used to effectively control CRANBERRY WEEVIL GYPSY MOTH FRUIT WORM CRANBERRY BLOSSOM WORM FALSE ARMY WORM May be used as a SPRAY or DUST Hubbard Kryocide Dust Contains 50% Kryocide THOROUGHLY MIXED - READY TO USE SUPPLY IS ADEQUATE Hubbard Famous Fertilizers (NEW ENGLAND FAVORITES SINCE 1878) For Sale by JOHN J. BEATON CO., C. H. BRYANT, BUZZARDS BAY GRAIN CO- GEORGE A. COWEN, CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC., GENERAL MILLS, INC., VICTOR LEEMAN, B. C. SHAW, JOHN F. SHIELDS, SHURTLEFF HARDWARE CO., Wareham Wareham Buzzards Bay Rochester Onset Plymouth West Barnstable Middleboro Osterville Middleboro Manufactured & Distributed By The Rogers & Hubbard Company Portland Connecticut Established 1878 Thirteen Farm Bureau and Cranberry Growers Probably there have always been two or three cranberry growers in active Farm Bureau work, but it is not until the last couple of years that cranberries have become a real part of farm bureau. The causes are easy to see; there has been a very efficient organization of growers among themselves in the first place, and in the second place the word "farm bureau" has been to many a question mark, in that they have asked themselves, "are we farmers?" Not until it was understood that here is an or- ganization devoted not on^ to the narrow confines of specific farm- ing problems but to the broader is- sues affecting all who make a liv- ing from the soil did cranberry growers begin to see that they too had a place in organized agricul- ture. After twenty years of struggling to represent the majority of those in rural life, farm bureau has come to the fore. Many of the commod- ity organizations look to it to solve the knotty problems that rise from time to time. Such groups as the Nurserymen's Association and the carnation growers have joined with hog-growers, poultry- men, dairymen, and fruit and vege- table producers. Why? Because there was a need for a national body to represent them that could be stronger than any local group. The day of the individual is done so far as any influence in Washing- ton is concerned. The voice of the individual is no longer heard. It is doubtful if the voice of a thou- sand organized individuals is too capable of results unless it has back of it allied organized individ- uals that number into the hun- dreds of thousands. That is where farm bureau comes to its own. Cranberry growers are naturally cooperative. They have accepted the invitation to join their farm bureau in growing numbers, and while they are stiU in their early days of membership they have made their counsel felt. Num- bered on the county board of direc- tors are three representative grow- ers, Orrin C. Colley of Plymouth, Howard B. Hiller of Rochester, and Lewis E .Billings of Plympton. Writing in a pamphlet just issued by the Plymouth County bureau, Orrin Colley has this to say: "Many of us fail to realize perhaps that farm bureau performs a service as vital to the farmers and growers of Plymouth County as to those in any other section of the U. S. A." Knowledge of the facts has led many outstanding cranberry grow- ers to agree and it is no rare thing Fourteen WET WEIGHT 1 tg .0. MAKEPEACE COMfANY Makepeace "Crannies" (Continued from Page 7) unlimited period. I have discov- ered from experience that when cranberries are sliced and carefu ly cut up into small sections or pieces that they can be readily dried; and hence my process of preparing them is to slice or cut up the ber- ries, and after cutting them up, thoroughly dry them, when they can be packed" in tight cans lor shipment; or, if preferred, the dried berries can then be con- densed into a solid mass by means of properly applied pressure, thus lessening their bulk to such an extent that a large amount of fruit can be contained within a very small space. One quart of fresh cranberries will, when cut and dried, be reduced to about one- fourth of their former size, and when pressed or condensed, to about one-third of their bulk after being dried. When used, a suffic- ient quantity of water is added to them and they are allowed to £oak until they become soft, ai''ei' which they rnay be cooked or used in the same manner as fresh fruit." Even 1872 appears not to have been the earliest record of the idea of dehydration and compj^e-oion of foods for Army use, as Mr. Make- peace has in his possession a photo- static copy of a pamphlet, "The Army Eation," written in 1864 by E. N. Horsford of Harvard Uni- versity and published oy D. Van Nostrand of New York, which dis- cusses dessicated fruits and vege- tables. It points out that vege- tables could be prepared to lessen bulk for the soldier's knapsack through reducing the water con- tent and then further reducing the bulk by compression. to have the county bureau phone Washington to the national office in behalf of the cranberry growers. Helpful indeed was the work of the bureau with others in securing (Continued on Page 16) However, as far as is known there was no commercial dehydra- tion of cranberries prior to the Makepeace work in 1909-10, as in the ^atter year the Company built a kiln drier. This was patterned after the idea of those in use at that time in Western New York state for the evaporation of ap- fles. In this process the cranber- ries were poured onto a slotted liOor to a depth of several inches. Beneath the floor was a hot air furnace with deflectors for spread- ing heat over the entire area. The capacity of this drier was also in- sufficient for commercial operation. Then the Makepeace Company built a tunnel drier of its ovm de- sign and this was used continuous- ly until 1942. On May 27, 1913 Patent No. 1.062,269 was issued to Henry H. Harrison, a dentist, of Boston, which in substance covered the puncturing or slitting of the im- pervious skin of the cranberry to facilitate drying. The Harrison- Pascoe Company of Boston has been using this process with suc- cess. During the first World War, de- hydration gained national promi- nence when large quantities of food were dehydrated for overseas shipment. As, however, at that time dehydration methods had in general not been perfected and there was improper packaging, much of the food was unpalatab'e As a consequence, dehydration was given a bad name in the main and the process was abandoned by many. Some producers, including the A. D. Makepeace Company, continued, however, and with the outbreak of World War II, methods and pro- cesses had improved and a tremen- dous need for concentrated foods became imperative. Successful de- hydration and compression of foods on a large scale has become one of the achievements of war, and a process with a future. 3r. H. F. Bergman ^robably Back for rhis Summer setter Indicates Massachu- setts Cranberry Work Will Be Continued, with Another in Active Part Later. Dr. H. F. Bergman, who has )een engaged in cranberry research since 1929, and who was trans- ferred to work in Washington re- ■ently by the United States De- jartment of Agriculture, and about ,vhom an article appeared last nonth, will probably be returned 0 handle cranberry work at the 5ast Wareham (Mass.) Experi- nent Station this coming summer, riowever, after that Dr. Bergman nay only be engaged in Massachu- setts cranberry work in an advis- )ry capacity, a new man being ap- )ointed to do the active work. This information is contained in 1 letter to Homer L. Gibbs, presi- lent of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, from Dr. J. i. Magness, Head Horticulturist J. S. Bureau of Fruits and Vege- ables. Mr. Gibbs, acting for the rape growers' association, visited Dr. Magness while in Washington with the insecticide committee. Mr. Gibbs expressed the apprecia- tion of the growoi-s in the work of Dr. Bergman and the hope that Dr. Bergman might continue to do research woi'k foi' the industry. The letter says it is definitely felt the work on the diseases of cranberries i n Massachusetts should be continued, and also the important work on tests of prom- ising selections from the cranberry breeding work. In this respect Dr. Magness says preliminary re- sults indicate some of these selec- tions may be superior to existing varieties from the standpoint of productiveness and perhaps from the standpoint of resistance to de- cay also. The letter further says it is hoped the Cape association will be in a position "not ^ater than a year from now to provide a suitable location for making at least rod-square tests of these se- lections." It is hoped, the letter says, in the not too distant future to place a younger man in Massachusetts, who, with Dr. Bergman's advice and assistance and of that of Dr. Aldrich of the Bureau of Small Plants and Vegetables, Mr. Dem- ares of the same bureau. Dr. Franklin and others, will be in position to push the program progi-es.sively. This will probably not be possible this sumer, and Dr. Bergman will be asked to continue for the present by spending the summer at East Wareham, as he has in the past, and coming to Washington in the fall, rather than going to the State College at Am- herst, as he has for the past sea- sons. Atwoods Honored At 25th Anniversary Mr. and Mrs. Ellis D. Atwood of South Carver, Massachusetts, were honored by a surprise party Feb. 25, the occasion being the 25th anniversary of their wedding at Wareham, February 22, a quarter century ago. This observance was not at their home where for a number of years before the war interrupted, Mr. and Mrs. Atwooo have held their famous Christmas- New Year displays, but at the At- wood screenhouse at the bog. A church board meeting was be- ing held at the Atwood home that night and it was adjourned by the Rev. Glenn W. Lamb, pastoi' of the Methodist church to the screen- house and there Mr. and Mrs. At- wood were surprised to find nearly Control these pests: Cranberry Weevil Gypsy Moth Caterpillars j-C- 'i Fruit worm Cranberry Blossom Worm False Armyworm Protect valuable cranberry crops against the destruction of chewing insects with KRYOCIDE — the proven insecticide, widely and successfully used by many growers. Cryolite is recommended for pest control by leading auihorities-and KRYOCIDE is NATURAL CRYO- LITE. . . . Easily a|»plied with standard spraying equipment. Follow tlie suggestions of > our local <'\- periment station. Your dealercansuppl\>ou with KRYOCIDE for spray- ing, or with mixed dusts, from conveniently located stocks... Write for descriptive literature to Dept. CR. SYLVA NIA ^^ALT TURING C 0//M P A N Y IUTLjLjCLJLJLA^ New York 1000 WIDENER BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA 7, PA. Chicago • St. Louis • Pittsburgh • Minneapolis • Wyandotte • Tacoma Fifteen 200 gathered at the screenhouse. Frank Costello of South Carver, another cranberry growers, was toastmaster, and Selectman Jesse A. Holmes of Carver, also a cran- berry grower spoke a few words of congratulation on behalf of the town. Mr. Atwood is one of the three Carver selectman. Raymond Morse of We^t Wareham, cranber- ry grower gave two selections and Janice Williams gave two tap dances. Miss Mildred E. Delano of Wai'eham, who was maid of honor at the wedding, presented Mrs. Atwood with a corsage of gar- cenias. Mr. and Mrs. Atwood were presented gift^ of silver bowl and a pair of candelabra, and Mrs. At- wood's father, Josiah Eldredge of Wareham, gave a large silver bowl. A large anniversary cake was cut by Mrs. Atwood. This anniversary celebration for one of the cran- berry industry's best known and most respected growers and Mrs. Atwood, began as a small affair, but grew into a town party. Carver honoring a citizen who is constant- ly contributing to its welfare in many ways besides being one of the town fathers. J. Richard Beattie (Continued from Page 10) in this natural state, big and very good tasting, he says. In 1941 he was married to Miss Lillian Robinson of Portsmouth, N. H., who was a home economics teacher and also a graduate at U. N. H. On December 12 of last year Association County Agent Beattie was passing around cigars on the occasion of the birth of a son, Paul W. In spite of the value of its manu- facturing, particularly shoes, Ply- mouth County is an important agricultural county, ranking 56th in value of its agricultural projects among the 3,000 counties of the nation. Being county agent, or associate, in Plymouth County is an important and certainly a full- time job. Messrs. Brown and Beattie manage to average through the year approximately three nights out each week, at various meetings or other duties connected with their office. Right now as Massachusetts cranberry growers, principally those of Plymouth County, are well aware, Messrs. Brown and Beattie are busy playing their roles in the Cranberry Club winter- spring meetings. Mr. Beattie, Sixteen carrying the brunt of the load at the moment. Organizing Blueberry Association Mr. Beattie has recently been adding to his duties some work among the blueberry growers of Plymouth County, and the few in Barnstable and other counties. This work is now definitely bring- ing results in plans to form a Massachusetts blueberry associa- tion, as was reported in last month's issue. The efforts of the Extension Service are varied and spread over a multitude of activ- ities. Whole-hearted and unstint- ed work on the part of a county agent and associate is a definite agricultural asset to a community and Mr. Beattie is attempting to perform such service. solved by co-operation. No on^ has shown greater exponents of co operation than the growers of ber ries. That is the answer to wh; growers join their farm bureau. Carleton I. Pickett, Exec. Sec'; Pymouth County Farm Bureau Farm Bureau (Continued from Page 14) wooden boxes, and the work is con- tinuing. Whatever mav have been the case of the past, the present day farm bureau is as conscious of Plymouth county as it is of Iowa, for example. Farm bureau claims for itself flip aim of teamwork. States Mr. Billings: "I never saw a group of peon'e with a common object who could not accomplish that object better if working in teamwork. That is why the farm bureau ought to have the support of every far- iner in the county." And it should have such support — not as any re- ward for the things it has accom- plished over the twenty-odd years of its existence but because " such sunport will pay dividends in the future. What is to happen tomorrow in Plymouth county and to the cran- berry growers, for example, is far from clear. There are many plans for post-war industry and agriculture that need the careful attention of strongly organized agriculture. What is finally writ- ten in that hV\ will touch the pock- etbook of every farmer, every grower. It is being studied by farm bureau right now. Cranberries are important in this county and on the Cape. The men who grow them are being very helpful in farm bureau. It is quite frankly the hope of the offi- cers and directors of the local bur- eau and the desire of those cran- berry growers now holding mem- bership that all growers will unite to make of their farm bureau a strong, policy-making body. The day of isolationism is over. The day of sectionalism is gone. More and more problems are being Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) been allotted. It is expected thi: will take care of most of Wiscon sin needs. More flooding for fire worm and leaf hopper will be doni this year than usual, according t< present plan, even though there i; the risk involved. This progran should stretch the insecticide sup p'ies still further. WASHINGTON TlGrowers Active — There is littL activity of great importance a the present moment, but grower are busy at one thing and anothei Rolla Parrish of Long Beach ha installed a new spray plant, havinj a capacity of 30 gallons a minute being powered by an electric mo tor. His pruning has been com pleted and his crew are getting ready to go after weeds with somi paint thinner. Huddlestone & Cline are resanding, hauling san( to the bog edge, and then spread ing from wheelbarrows, aftei which pressure hose is turned oi to wash the sand into the vines Leonard Morris, who bought th( Murakami property, is preparing to enlarge his water supply to give sufficisnt water for water scooping as well as irrigation. Williarr Litschke, although past 80, is do- ing active bog work, as his son i^ in the Navy. Ben Saunders oJ Nahcotta has just treated his bog for caddice worms, which in the mild West Coast climate do con- siderable damage if unchecked. ^Progress at Meyers — Fine pro- gress is being made on the Cran- guya farm, property of Guy C, Meyers Cranberry Company, and the foreman, Joseph H. Alexson, hopes to have in 100 acres by the middle of June. There is also a 45-acre blueberry planting and large areas of potatoes and other vegetables. A large tractor ha^- just been delivered to the farm. APPRECIATION: Another Cranberry Season has closed and our THANKS are ex- tended to our loyal CRANBERRY GROWERS for their splendid co- operation during a most trying season. As you are aware, Canned Cranberry Sauce is under OPA regu- lations. A ceiling was established for FRESH BERRIES for canning. In our case, we were only allowed to figure $15.00 per hundred pounds of cranberries in our costs for Canned Cranberry Sauce. That is, $15.00 per one hundred pounds f. o. b. our Cannery at Bridgeton, New Jersey. OUR AVERAGE COST PER 100 LBS. CRANBERRIES, F. O. B. CAPE COD, MASS., WAS $14.85, AND ALL BERRIES WERE PAID FOR IN FULL DURING DECEMBER 1943. All extra charges, such as freight from Cape Cod to New Jersey, were paid for by MINOT, and the amounts over $15.00 had to be ab- sorbed by MINOT as a loss under OPA regulations that only $15.00 could be figured in basing the cost of the CANNED SAUCE. Again, many thanks to the CRANBERRY GROWERS, and our representatives, Beaton Distributing Agency. MINOT FOOD PACKERS INC BRIDGETON NEW JERSEY Eatmo] Cranberries CO-OP OUOTES "The co-operative is the tool of the little man. It is the means by which he preserves and exercises his rights of free enterprise. In the true cooperative, it is the individual who counts. In America today we have no more effective means of winning the war; no better training school for the peace of the future; no better guarantee of the dignity of the individual on whom any lasting peace must rest, than the voluntary cooperation of our people." NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranwcrry «^ouperaiive ' %^ ^ • • X ■ APE COD iBW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON WM. F. HUFFMAN of Wisconsin April, 1944 25 cents rvf/^ For the control of Cranberry Weevil and Fruit Worm STAUFFER KNAPSACK DUSTER Easy to Fill Easy to Carry Easy to Operate Easy to Repair For all Dry Dusting This effective fluorine insecticide is available in sufficient quantities to meet your pest control re- quirements. This natural cryolite has high toxicity and contains at least 90% sodium fluoaluminate. Stauffer Sulphurs (dusting and spraying) are avail- able in unlimited quantities but growers are urged to place orders earlier than usual as the labor short- age might affect usual prompt deliveries. The all-purpose Stauffer Knapsack Duster is again available to grovi^ers. This is the duster that made such a big hit before shortages of metal and govern- ment restrictions stopped its manufacture during the first days of the war. Now, sufficient raw materials have been released so that you will be able to pur- chase this knapsack duster for this season's dusting. The Stauffer Knapsack Duster is easy to fill and easy to carry. It has wide shoulder straps anc its padded backrest fits comfortably leaving both hands free for opei-ation. It will handle every type of dry insecti- cide and fungicide. Available through your dealer or write our nearest office. STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO. 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 444 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11, 111. \\ G L Joe // Your Neighbor, your Fellow Cranberry Grower, your Employe, your Son, "G. I. Joe," is ready and in the thick of things this spring, lighting his cause and yours. Another active season is beginning — get into the production fight with renewed vigor — for "G. I. Joe." Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin +_,„ AS IN YEARS PAST The Insecticide Pool will be operated for the benefit of members. The best insecti- cides, spray materials, and fertilizers avail- able will be purchased for members who later will share in patronage dividends on savings realized by Pool purchases. Dividends paid in former years have shown substantial sav- ings to members. Participation in the Pool is reserved for members of Cranberry Can- ners, Inc. Massachusetts members who have not al- ready placed orders for insecticides should immediately contact Mr. Ferris C. Waite, at our Plymouth office, who will have charge of the Insecticide Pool this year. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Long Beach, Wash. ISERVING THE GRJ\NBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Marinetfe & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOCKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Midd eborough Trust Company Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers MIDDLEBORO MASS. The COURER PRINT SHOP Paints - Hardware WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation NIAGARA SPRAYER and Established 1848 Hall & Cole Wood CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Middleport, N. Y. Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a full line of dusting machinery. Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES County Nationa Bank Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. Car Lot Receivers Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin CRANBERRY CREDIT The COLLEY CORPORATION Nationa Bank CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. Organized to be of Financial Service to of DISTRIBUTORS OF Cranberry Growers Wareham Cape Cod Cranberries HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Wareham, Mass. SUITS-US BRAND DIRECTORmrOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Jesse A. Holmes & Son Carver, Massachusetts To Growers: If You Want BOXES NEXT FALL You MUST cut Logs NOW Tel. Carver 10-4 Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 Common Sense and Foresight COMMON SENSE tells you to use Electricity now for efficiency, and to use it wisely with conser- vation of equipment and of this vital wartime com- modity. FORESIGHT will tell you to use it more abund- antly after the war, when every aid to maintaining postwar efficiency and prosperity will be needed. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Ariems7>7/& THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 ERILLION wi? Buy Your D-X Nicotine From Frost Insecticide Co. Box 36 Arlington 74, Mass. Use 3 Pts. D-X Nicotine 4 lbs. Arsenate of Lead to 100 gals. Water 400 gals, to the acre B. G. Pratt Company 160 Moore Street ' " hackensack: new jersey We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties WISCONSIN MEN Four Wisconsin men left March 15th for a trip of about two weeks to the Pacific Northwest cranberry area. This was a "vacation" trip to see the country, visit the bogs, iv; >et some of the growers, and in • ; neral to learn more about the i .iming West Coast cranberry in- .^try. Those going were Vernon ^.oldsworthy, general manager of ^visconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany, A bert Hedler. vice president ( 1 the company, Charles L. Lewis, and Roy Potter, all members of company and all leading grow- CRANBERRIES PHOTO J. FOXCROFT CARLETON OF SANDWICH FIRST PRESIDENT J. Foxcroft Carleton of East Sandwich, who has the honor of being elected first president of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- berry Growers' Association, has been a grower of this fruit since 1925, and a couple of years before that began a little work with blue- berry budding. He is also a cran- berry grower, owning 13 acres, and managing about 12 more. He considers the two crops together a fine combination. For a number of years he has been a director of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sa'es Company. However, his greatest success has probably been as a gi-ower of cul- tivated blueberries, although he considers himself about a "50-50" producer of each crop. For his work in blueberries he is certainly Four better known, and in fact in that, his reputation is outstanding. He is possibly acknowledged as the most successful grower in Massa- chusetts, from the marketing an- gle. Last year, which in Massachu- setts, as is no secret, was an ex- ceptional year, he produced 12,200 quarts, his largest output to date, but the previous year he grew about 8,000 quarts. His planting is not the largest in Massachusetts, he having about four aci'es whi^e Melville C. and Gilbert T. Beaton will have about nine when some young plantings come in, and Ern- est Maxim of Middleboro will have about the same. His location on the main dipv Cod highway is one of his assets, (Continued on Page 16) Mass. Blueberry Growers Complete Association Massachusetts cultivated blue- berry growers completed organiza- tion for an association, February 29th at the office of the J. J. Bea- ton Company, Wareham, forming the "Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association," with a charter membership of 22. J. Foxcroft Carleton of East Sand- wich, one of the most progressive of Massachusetts growers, was elected the first president. Nearly 50 were present at the meeting. Other officers are Joseph Putnam of Orleans, who for many years was engaged as a county agent, and is now retired from that work and growing blueberries on the Cape, vice president; Mrs. Mabelle Kelley of East Wareham, secre- tary-treasurer; Gilbert Beaton of Wareham, and Ernest Maxim of Middleboro, directors. Honorary members named were: Dr. H. J. Franklin; Prof. W. H. Thies, Ex- tension fruit specialist at Mass. State College; Prof. John S. Bail- ey, research professor at Mass. State College; Dr. 0. C. Boyd, Ex- tension plant pathologist; County Agent J. T. Brown of Plymouth County, and Associate J. Richard Beattie, and Bertram Tomlinson, County Agent, Barnstable; Asso- ciate County Agent W. D. Weeks, Worcester County. All these had aided in the organ- ization of the association, partic- ularly Associate Agent Beattie, who called and conducted most of the meetings, and Prof. Thies, who attended and addressed all meet- ings, giving valuable information. By-laws had previously been drawn up and these were accepted. Initiation dues are $2.00, and any- one interested in blueberry cultiva- tion is eligible to become a mem- ber. The annual meeting will be held in January and there will be a meeting in June just before the picking and marketing season be- gins. A special meeting of the as- sociation will be called shortly to draw up more detailed plans. The association as now organ- ized, and as originaFy planned, is an association for mutual advance- ment, discussion of blueberry prob- lems of all kinds, particularly marketing, and for co-operative buying of boxes, fertilizers, and other supplies. It is not a selling cooperative as organized at pres- ent. This meeting was the climax of several sessions held during the winter. Prof. Thies presided in (Continued on Pase 15) Issue of April, 1944 — Vol. S, No. 12 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS TIHeavy Winter Kill— There has been an inordinate amount of win- ter kill on Massachusetts bogs this past winter, as has been feared ever since last fall might be the case. There is no exact estimate made, and no way at the moment of making an accurate estimate, until all bogs are cleared of the winter flood. But every grower who did not have ample winter flowage (and those who did are extremely rare), reports at least some injury. Estimates have run all the way from a minimum of 25 per cent of total acreage damaged to as high as 50 per cent. Many growers see at least 25 per cent injury on their own bogs. If damage should run as high as 25 per cent it is winter injury which has seldom been equalled and never exceeded. Much of this injury, it is now believed, may have been done in a cold Deeem ber before water could be gotten on. Some of these bogs have since been flooded and there is no way of telling now how extensive in- jury then was. Bogs which were not flooded at all or only partially covered have very obviously been injured to some extent. If this injury is chiefly on top and not down deep in the vines it may not prove to be as bad as it looks. If, on the other hand, the injury has gone down deep, the effect would not only be seve''e upon this year's production, but upon tnat of next year, as well. One reason why the kill may be especially bad is that the vines may not have had normal vitality because of general heavy cropping for the past two and three years. VULCANISM Regarding any predictions as to frost probabilities this spring (in Massachusetts), Dr. Frank- lin says he would have to have more data available, up to the end of April, before venturing any sort of a guess. But he does point out there is one new factor which has to be taken into consideration this spring. This is the eruption of Mt. Ve- suvius in Italy. He says this can effect the frost picture up into June of this year and next year, as well. In the recent weather bulletin (see page 57) he referred to vulcanism as a possible con- tributory cause of recorded de- structive frosts. A number of the more disastrous frosts on cranberry bogs occurred in the years, and the year following, of volcanic action, this listing beginning in 1875 with June frosts in Massachusetts, New Jersey and Wisconsin, and run- ning up to 1912 for Massachu- setts and to June 7-8, 8-9, 1913 in Wisconsin. Early Black vines are .-^aid to bo more seriously injured than Howes. TIMarch Cold — December in gen- eral was a cold month. January and February were not unduly se- vere. March was another cold, miserable month, although it did bring the heaviest rainfall in some time. The second heavy snow of the winter came unexpectedly on the first day of spring, March 20. The fall varied in the cranberry area from six or seven to eight and nine inches. It melted quickly, and with some real rains added appreciably to the water supply built up for spring frosts. Water supplies are still very low, even so. NEW JERSEY TI Winter Kill — There was some winter kill in Jersey, but appar- ently it was not severe, as it is in Massachusetts. No careful check has been made, but indications are that there has not been too much. The same snowstorm which struck Massachusetts on the first day of spring brought surprise to the Jer- sey cranberry district. TIFewer Blueberry Plants— This winter there have been fewer blue- berry plants available in lots large enough for field planting. Many plants have been sod by nurseries for garden planting, but some large fields have been set out. This condition shows the strong tenden- cy today to set out plantings of this cultivated fruit. OREGON Weather has been characterized by very little rain and many very li^ht morning frosts, during the months of January, February and ;\Iarch. Most marshes remain flooded, but some few growers have drained their fields and have begun spray- ing for weeds; others are sanding, some with scow, while others are using the wheelbarrow method. E. H. Heaton from Denver Colo- rado, has purchased the C. E. Rider place and will finish the (Continued on Page 15) Five Willi lam F. Huffman Is Wisconsin ''Triple Thread Heading Three Enterprises — Daily Newspaper, Radio Sta- tion and Network, Becoming Large Grower, with "Hobby" Vast Tree Growing Project, Is Live- Wire Asset to Cranberry Industry. By CLARENCE J. HALL A relative newcomer to the Wisconsin cranberry industry, William F. Huffman, who is publisher and owner of the Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune, owner of Wisconsin Rapids broadcasting station, WFHR and president of Wisconsin Network, Inc., has in a short time become one of Wisconsin's most enthusiastic, aggressive and forward-looking grow- ers. In 1942 he was elected president of the Wisconsin State Cran- berry Growers' Association, serving in that capacity until last December. A hard worker, "a driver" of himself, a man of unusual determin- ation, Mr. Huffman might be called the "triple threat" of the Wisconsin cranberry industry. By that, I mean with his multiple interests, he is a man who is in position to be of great service to his fellow cranberry growers. The Wisconsin cranberry business is strengthened by having in its ranks a man who must of necessity be so well informed in public matters, and a man who assists in moulding public opinion. Mr. Huffman, however, is the mark in his chosen field among first to admit that he has yet a great deal to learn about the cul- tural side and that it takes time to become efficient in the many phases of cranberry growing. But he is experienced in successfully carrying on newspaper and radio interests. And he is a man of ideas and action. He has gone in- to cranberry growing with the same wholehearted zest and a de- sire to learn as in his other in- terests. His interest in helping Wiscon- sin cranberry growing is keen. He is willing to be at the service of the Wisconsin growers in any capacity in which he may be most useful. Developing Along Broad Lines As a cranberry newcomer he has not ventured timidly into the business, but immediately put in a very substantial investment in money and in time. He is now operating about 35 acres with an objective of 60. This development is along sound lines, his ground- work so broad that it will be ready to care for any future expansion. His marsh is located in a tract of 800 acres at Biron, and he intends to utilize most of this big area of land, as will be explained later. Mr. Huffman first made his the medium sized daily newspapers of his state. As managing direc- tor and president of Wisconsin Network, Inc., he is head of eight local broadcasting stations, stra- tegical'y located throughout the thickly settled sections of Wiscon- sin. His own station, with branch studios at Marshfield and Stevens Point, is heard over a considerable portion of the Wisconsin cranberry district. Yet, as engrossed as he is in these three enterprises, he eventually plans to "retire" to cranberry growing as his final business activity, forsaking active participation in the others. That's how he feels about Wisconsin cran- berry growing — and its future. After the war Mr. Huffman plans to build a home on his cran- berry property at Biron, where he will grow cranberries — and trees. He already has about 300,000 seed- lings p'anted and intends to set out a million before he is through. The growing of trees is his hob- by. The cranberry growing dis- trict of Wisconsin was once a part of the magnificently wooded area which made Wisconsin the great lumbering state it was. It is hi? wish to be one of those helpinsr to restore his section to some sem- blance of its original appcprj^r- That is, wooded. "I can think of no finer thing to do than to plant trees," he says. "I love a tree more than anything on earth, next to my family." First a Newspaper Man Mr. Huffman, with all his pres- ent occupations, is probably funda- mentally a newspaper man. At 'east, that is the work he first chose. During World War I he was attending college at Beloit and had been there two years. In 1916 he decided to get into the war himself, and with five others raised the sum of ?7,000, with which ambulances were bought and early in 1917 the six were in France. There they served for nearly a year with the French army. He returned to the United States, registered at a draft board and requested induction. He was assigned to the Field Artillery and was commissioned lieutenant. He re-entered Beloit College in February, 1919, graduating the foFowing June. On October 7, 1919 he entered newspaper busi- ness at Wisconsin Rapids. As Wis- consin Rapids is the center of the Wisconsin cranberry industry, the circulation territory of The Trib- une extends out among a consider- able proportion of the cranberry growers. The Tribune is one of the better medium-sized dailies in Wisconsin, and is held in good esteem in the homes of many Wis- consin cranberry growers. He has a small, but compact and effi- cient newspaper plant, the tech- nical details of which are probably of no interest to cranberry men, although they were to the writer. But what would interest anyone is the smoothness with which this enterprise is run. Mr. Huffman has the ability and the wisdom to delegate authority, and this is per- haps the biggest reason why he can head several varied activities at the same time. In 1938, Mr. Huffman was in rather poor health and he decided he had better acquire an outdoor interest. So he got an option on the property where he is now building his marsh. But before that he had begun to develop an interest in the radio field with the intent to establish a broadcasting Six station, and had applied foi ,; license. However, there was sonio delay in obtaining this pei'missiott and in the meantime he had be- come pretty absorbed in his cviiii- berry work. He had not only been supervis- ing the construction at that liiii.', but had been doing a good deal of actual physical work, with tlie idea of improving his health. Then he got a notice from the P\'(l- eral Communications Commission that his broadcasting permit had been granted. He then had three irons very definitely in the fire. He finished planting over 30 acres and he turned to getting his broad- casting station operating. Radio in 1940 He rushed completion and the station was first on the air the night of November 5th, 1940, the night the presidential election re- turns were coming in. WFHR, Wisconsin Rapids, was on the air all that night with election news. The broadcasting area served by WFHR is Wood County, the chief cranberry-producing county, and eleven central Wisconsin counties in which are located many Wisconsin cranberry marshes. The station carries regular U. S. Wea- ther Bureau weather and frost warnings which are heard and ap- preciated by the marsh owners. From this beginning in radio, Mr. Huffman has expanded his in- terests, and in the summer of 1941 was one of those who brouglit about an afliliation between his own and five other Wisconsin stations. These, with two others since add- ed, make up Wisconsin Network, Inc., which operates under the slo- gan, "Serving the Badger State." The main office is now at Wiscon- sin Rapids, the other units of the chain being at Appleton, Fond du Lac, Janesville, Madison — Poyn- ette, Racine, Wausau and Sheboy- gan, and there are also braii h studios. The Network is affiliat. i with and carries programs of the Mutual Broadcasting System. Cranberry Grower But to get directly down to Huff^man as a cranberry gro\' His marsh, adjoining land o^ Biron Cranberry Company on North aide of station showing east, is one of the most carefully- planned cranberry properties in Wisconsin. He has started from scratch and so could work with a definite plan, and he has made his basic planning sound and broad in scope, capable of whatever expan- sion the coming years may justify. The groundwork is there now. As stated, he has now about 35 acres in planting, but intends to develop enough sections to bring his total up to 60, about half on the side of the main ditch where are his developed sections now, and the rest on the other. He is plant- ing chiefly Searles Jumbos and McFar'ins. He has planted mostly on a bed of sand, 2^/^ to 3 inches deep, af- ter the Massachusetts procedure, rather than broadcasting on peat, without first spreading sand in the manner of many Wisconsin grow- ers. However, he has planted some in this manner directly on the peat and when doing so has strewn vines at the rate of two to three tons to the acre. The heavy work of building was all done with his own heavy construction equipment, caterpillar tractor, Fordsons, etc. arrangement of Stop Log Gates Making an entirely new beginning as he did he could use this labor and time-saving machinery and make his plans comprehensive enough for as much expansion as may be decided on later. When he began operations there was not a building on the place, but a garage has now been built, ths first unit of a modern set of buildings. He recently bought and moved to the marsh two modern residences to house his foreman, Louis Huser and the assistant fore- man. The water supply and pumping system at the Huft'man marsh is one of the most outstanding de- velopments in Wisconsin in regard to efficiency in irrigation, frost and winter flooding. Water comes from the great Biron flowage of the Wisconsin river, the unlimited supply which also serves the Guy Nash, Charles Dempse, W. F. Thiele, Burt Wil- liams marshes, all located in the same district. The water flows in by gravity, but Mr. Huff'man, to make doubly sure, has instaled his modern and powerful pumping Continued on Page 10) Seven I A Strange World He Goes To It must be a strange world — out there where our fighters go. Out there Our Soldier walks through the longest valley in the world, with our future in his hands. He flies the skies with our future in his eyes; sails the seas with our future in his heart. He is Our Man in service. He is the leading figure in this great world tragedy. The American soldier, every inch an American, is playing his part on this deadly stage. He will do this with success if "we, the people," back him up in every way. This is the 23rcl of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, M^r. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF APRIL, 1944 Vol. 8 No. 12 THE TASK IN HAND A worrisome winter is over, worrisome especially for Massachusetts with its extreme lack of water, for Wisconsin with a lesser lack of rain and snow, and this month winter floods (what there was of winter water) will go down the ditch. Growers will see how the vines passed the winter, and start active business of grow- ing the 1944 berries. They will be handi- capped by lack of labor, probably more so than last year and the year before, and by scarcities of major insecticides. That this insecticide scarcity is no worse than it is is undoubtedly due in part to the good work of the special committee which went to Washington. Winter kill will have cut the crop down in Massachusetts; there have been substantial productions in that state and Wisconsin the past few years. The cards do not seem stacked for an unduly large cranberry crop this year. Yet the need for increased production of all foods is greater than ever. With cranberries hav- ing proven so popular with the armed forces and in such great demand by war- time civilians, growers will do their best. And in all our minds is the inescap- able realization of the titanic struggles going on overseas, our own soldiers in the thick of it everywhere. European invasion may come momentarily. It is a time to bend our backs to the task in hand — and help that much. ^V^t ^■ViO«ftLCftA««W«„fi^^* EditOi- and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS New Jersey CHARLES S. BECKWITH State Cranberry Specialist Pemberton, N. J. Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Statior East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application 50,000 lbs. Pyrethrum, Probably No Rotenone, New Pest Chart A new insecticide pest control chart will be issued in Massachu- setts through the County Agents in April, the first since 1941, much revision being made to make most efficient use of such insecti- cides as are available. In view of pyrethrum shortage and little or no rotenone, emphasis will be placed upon effective use of cry- olite, nicotene, and greater stress upon flood control than wou'd be advisable, perhaps, under normal conditions. Final figures on pyrethrum, as given to E. C. McGrew of the American Cranberry Exchange, who has been acting contact man between the growers through the insecticide committee, which went to Washington and War Food Ad- ministration and WPB, is that 50,000 lbs. of pyrethrum flowers 1..3 has been allotted to the cran- berry industry. This is only about 2.5 per cent of normal amount used, but is one-quarter of the entire amount allotted all agriculture, and the cranberry industry may feel much satisfaction in thus re- taining its p^'sition as a producer of an essential food. Latest re- port of Agricultural Insecticide & Fungicide Association o<" New- York regarding pyrethrum is "none for agricu'turo unless on granting of specific-use appeal," which the cranberry industry has made. For Massachusetts about 34,000 lbs. has been allocated to N. E. Cranberry Sales, Cranberry Canners, Inc., A. D. Maki'peace Co. and .1. J. Beaton Company, with a reserve set as!'i_' for other suppliers. Important point is that all growers, whet ler being supplied through one of these four distributors or any others, should get in their individual ordr?rs im- mediately. Latest report to Russell Make- peace, chairman of the insecticide committee from Dr. Hamilton of AVFA. is that "it is doubtful if any, or little roten MASS RAYMOND F. MORSE, New Cranberry Club President May, 1944 25 cent For the control of Cranberry Weevil and Fruit Worm STAUFFER KNAPSACK DUSTER Easy to Fill Easy to Carry Easy to Operate Easy to Repair For all Dry Dusting This effective fluorine insecticide is available in sufficient quantities to meet your pest control re- quirements. This natural cryolite has high toxicity and contains at least 90% sodium fluoaluminate. Stauffer Sulnhurs (dusting and spraying) are avail- able in unlimited quantities but grov*rers are urged to place orders earlier than usual as the labor short- age might affect usual prompt deliveries. The all-purpose Stauffer Knapsack Duster is again available to growers. This is the duster that made such a big hit before shortages of metal and govern- ment restrictions stopped its manufacture during the first days of the war. Now, sufficient raw materials have b^en released so that you will be able to pur- chase this knapsack duster for this season's dusting. The Stauffer Knapsack Duster is easy to fill and easy to carry. It has wide shoulder straps and its padded backrest fits comfortably leaving both hands free for operation. It will handle every type of dry insecti- cide and fungicide. Available through your dealer or write our nearest office. STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO. 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. 444 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11, 111. OUR HISTORY IS BEING WRITTEN NOW. Our individual names may never appear in any history, but our individual efforts now in our civilian life can help determine what that history shall be. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 4.™ 4 w Something new has been added'' to the OCEAN SPRAY line- ''Cranberry-Orange Marmalade'' makes its appearance in Eastern markets Consumers are enthusiastic about Ocean Spray Cranberry- Orange Marmalade. First shipments brought these comments: "I love the new Cranberry-Orange Marmalade. It has such a 'homemade' taste". "The cranberry-orange combination is one that is hard to beat for flavor and color." "We like the new Cranberry-Orange Marmalade very much, and. think that it is vvorthy of taking its place with your other fine products." "What a delightful new product to come out flying the Ocean Spray colors." Owing to the limited supply of cranberries at present (because of government purchases) only about 100,000 cases of Cranberry-Orange Marmalade will be packed this year. As soon as more cranberries are available, the pack will be increased to enable national distribution. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Coquille, Oregon Markham, Wash. Onset, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. Bordentown, N. J. Plymouth, Mass. North Chicago, III. Gurnee, III. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Marinette & The Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" Menominee Box Co. PLYMOUTH East Wareham, Mass. Marinette, Wisconsin NATIONAL BANK Tel. Wareham 648 BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Plymouth Building: Material for Bog, Massachusetts Screenhouse and Home Uses Serving the Wisconsin 1 Member Federal Deposit Paints - Hardware Cranberry Growers Insurance Corporation Mr. Cranberry Grower: Help us to help you by Established 1848 Hall 6? Cole Wood cutting logs early this com- ing season. For your 1945 supply of boxes and shooks, let's talk it over, Jesse A. Holmes Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. County Nationa Bank & Son APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Mills at Center Carver, Mass. Wisconsin Rapids, Tel. Carver 10-3 Car Lot Receivers Wisconsin CRANBERRY CREDIT The COLLEY CORPORATION Nationa Bank CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. Organized to be of Financial Service to of DISTRIBUTORS OF Cranberry Growers Wareham Cape Cod Cranberries HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Wareham, Mass. SUJTS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS PLYMOUTH LUMBER CO. Plymouth, Mass. A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDING MATERIALS MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies WE ARE YOUR LOGICAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY ONE BOARD. OR A CAR LOAD Tel. Plymouth 237 The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 WATER WHITE KEROSENE for CRANBERRY WEED CONTROL VOLTA OIL COMPANY Texaco Petroleum Products Distributor HAROLD VOLTA No. Plymouth Mass. Tel. Plymouth 840-W ROBERT LENARl Real Estaiv>r Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 ARIENS7i7/er i>— — T H i '..] 0 S T COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT '■■THE WORLD CA iTIES 14 IN TO - I CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX soa ERILLION WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W Buy Your D-X Nicotine From Frost insecticide Co. Box 36 Arlington 74, Mass. Use 3 Pts. D-X Nicotine 4 lbs. Arsenate of Lead to 100 gals. Water 400 gals, to the acre B, G, Pratt Company UiO Moore Street HACKENSACK NEW JERSEY Mass. Growers Told of Insecticides, New Pest Chart Of immediate importance to Massachusetts growers at the Massachusetts cranberi-y club Ap- ril meeting's were the recommend- ations and suggestions of Dr. H. J. Franklin concerning the new pest control chart, and the final report of the insecticide supply situation this spring by Ferris C. Waite, Cranberry Canner Growers' Buying Pool and of Russell Make- peace, chairman of the insec- ticide committee. This new chart is now released through the Coun- ty Agents and is the first issued since 1941, and should be consulted by growers for changes in practice due to insecticide conditions. In these four talks, Dr. Frank- lin explained how to get the great- est control through the new chart, with only one quarter of the nor- mal amount of pyrethrum avai'- able and no rotenone allocated for cranberry use. He emphasized the utmost conservation of pyrethrum by every grower, telling them to save it for the most imperative uses, such as control of bluntnosed leafhopper, blackheaded fireworm, and possibly cranberry girdler miller. Growers are urged to spray if possible, to make the sup- ply extend further. Mr. Waite said all insecticide and fertilizer suppMes are ade- quate, with the exception of py- rethrum and rotenone, or dcrris. As announced last month, the amount of pyrethrum allocated to the cranberry industry is 50,000 pounds, one quarter of its average amount used over the past four years. No derris will be allocated for cranberries. However, per- mission to use derris on cranber- ries will probably be granted if a grower has any on hand, although any amounts of more than 500 pounds should have been reported to the Government last year. Mr. Ferris advised that specific per- mission to use this rotenone, or derris be obtained from War Food Administration. Use of rotenone on cranberries was forbidden the past two years, but this year cran- berries are not on the forbidden list, even though none is allocated. Four Definite amounts of pyrethrum have already been allocated for New England Cranberry Sales Co., Cranberry Canners, A. D. Make- peace Co. and J. J. Beaton Co., as these four major suppliers pre- sented figures of amounts used over the past four years when the insecticide committee went to Washington in February. They were specficially allocated one- quarter of this average use. Each grower who buys through them is therefore entitled to one-quarter of his normal use, as of record. Besides this a liberal amount was set aside for "other suppliei-s" and growers who buy from these oth- ers should apply immediately for their one-quarter of normal amount. However, growers are urged not to ask for the fu'l quarter to start with unless it is absolutely neces- sary. If possible, they are asked to use substitute controls as much as possible to make sure that the grower who cannot do this will be given protection. Growers are urged to be truly "cooperative" in making out with a minimum. It was to explain how this might be done that Dr. Franklin ex- plained how supplies might be stretched, tel'ing how pyrethrum should not be used when another control would do. Gypsy Moth — He said the prac- tice of using pyrethrum or rote- none (when it was available) to kill caterpillars on the bogs when they were large should be definite- ly "out" for this year. When gyp- sies are small they can be effec- tively controlled in other ways — by the flooding practice of long standing or by proper application of cryolite or arsenate of lead, being certain this spraying is done early enough when the worms are still small. Blackheaded Fireworm — The first brood can be effectively controlled with cryolite and the second brood also, but not as effectively. A greater kill can be obtained with arsenate of lead, he said, but with more possibility of serious vine injury. Bluntnosed Leafhopper — He rec- ommended flooding for 24 hours, being certain of the timing, which is "as soon as the first blossoms appear", which is probably about June 12th. This flooding should reduce infestation by half, and pyrethrum saved for this purpose should complete the control. Spittle Insect — Nicotine sulphate is effective, but as effective a treatment can be obtained by com- bining the same flood about June 12th as a means of control of this pest. "That flood at just this time can be a very helpful prac- tice. This is a control too much neglected by growers." Fruitworm — For this he recom- mended the use of cryolite, and suggested an egg count be made to determine the control. Cranberry Girdler — "I look with concern on the present girdler sit- uation, in view of the scarcity of pyrethrum and the lack of labor to sand as we would like to sand. I think it will pay you to go into the use of bird boxes quite freely on bogs you can't flood or if you cannot sand. Swallows go after the girdler millers in great shape. I think bird houses at the bogs will pay very good dividends in time and investment." Growers are urged to use sprays as far as possible. Possible use of insecticides new to cranberries was brought up, these including the new so-called "DDT", which has shown extreme- ly proonged killing power, "Saba- dilla", and a product, "Syntone", new to cranberries. These will all be tried out experimentally this season by Dr. Franklin from quan- tities supplied by the Government. It was pointed out this experimen- tation might apply more to the 1945 insecticide situation than to the 1944, but even though none might bs approved in time for cranberry use this year, they could provide additional safeguards for future years. The "DDT", with its long and high killing power, may not prove practical for cran- berries because of its effect upon (Continued on Page IS) i^,NAlCRANB5RR.,,,^W;^ Entered as Issue of May. 1944 — Vol 9. No. 1 T> KT„i,„j ,r,r.r.f;,1v it Tho Couricr Print Shop. Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year, las second class matter JanuaT;2 6 1^ post office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS HWinterkill — Winter-killing, as has been feared since last fall, was a serious matter for Massachusetts growers, it is now definitely es- tablished. There is no means of making a definite check upon the amount of acreage which has been damaged, but estimates run pretty generally from 25 to 50 per cent, and many are inclined to put in- jury at not less than 33 per cent. In many cases individual damage en bogs runs up to 90 and 100 per cent, meaning, of course, that all crop prospect on these bogs, or parts of bogs, is destroyed for this year. The best summing up of the situation is that any bog or part of a bog which did not have adequate winter flowage was in- jured. As the lack of flood pro- tection was widespread both in Plymouth and Barnstable Coun- ties, the winter killing may likely prove to be the worst ever experi- enced in Massachusetts. Certain- ly the past winter was among the worst ever, and at present the percentage of injury is a matter of taking a choice of the widely- varying estimates of damage done. In any event, crop prospects have been cut very considerably. ^December Bad — Just when the worst killing was done is also un- certain. Probably there was kill- ing on begs progressively all dur- ing the winter. Many feel the greatest damage was done in De- cember, and particularly on Sat- urday. Dec. 10th, and following, ts there then occurred a sudden cold snap with high winds, which found many growers with hogs still uncovered. This foll"^^ ' d relatively warm weather. Grow- ers who flooded after this, now the water is ofl", find their bogs damaged. Much of December was a cold month with high winds, a bad situation for winter-killing. There were, in fact, high winds and cold weather at intervals all win- ter, as great acreages lay entirely or partially exposed. Regarding winter-killing. Dr. Franklin wrote in his recent bulletin: "This injury is most widespread when streams, ponds and reservoirs are low from restricted rainfall and large acre- ages cannot be flooded till well in- to the Avinter. It therefore com- monly occurs fairly early in the winter when it reduces the crop total of a state seriously. In Massachusetts it may happen at any time from early December to the end of March." This fits the Massachusetts situation this year exactly, especially as some bogs did not get adequate coverage at &V. Vines also may not have had ouit*? normal vitality resistance, due to heavy crops the past three years. TISanding — Some growers have tak- en advantage of this lack of crop- pinrne(l cranberry g'rowers, as the harvest work would probably be too ruo'ged. He said there was, of course, the possibility soldiers might be released on furlough for farm w^ork if the need was acute enough, but there would be few left after July 1. He said every farmer and every cranberry grower should depend as much as possible upon local sources and should seek out local labor possibilities they might not ordi- narily even think of. More help can probably be obtained fiom these comm.unity sources than might be imagined, he said. He also spoke of "city vacationists", w'ho might put in a week or two, and those employed in industry who might be willing to work on the bogs in spare time. "Able-bodied male adults will just not be available in the de- sii'ed numbers this year", he con- cluded, warning growers that it was not too early to make sure adequate 'abor is to be obtained. Officers Elected At the Rochester meeting Frank P. Crandon of Acushnet, although renominated president by the nom- inating committee. Ellis D. At, wood, Howard B. Hiller and E. C. St. Jacques, begged to be excused from further service, and the committee, retiring again, nomi- nated Vice President Raymond F. Morse. Carleton D. Hammond, Sr., succeeded Mr. Morse, and Gil- bert T. Beaton was re-elected sec- retary-treasurer. The South Shore club re-elected George I. Short of Island Creek and re-elected Louis Sherman of Plymouth, secretary-treasurer. In requesting no further service Mr. Crandon said he had greatly enjoyed serving as president and thanked the County Agents and members for their coopeiation in making the club function so suc- cessfully. Through motion of Mr. St. Jacques the club voted to pur- chase four S2.5.00 War Bonds from id"e funds in the treasury, these being added to three previously bought. An unexpected feature of the Rochester meeting was the failure of the electric lights, and much of the session was held by the aid cf ashlights and finally two small kerosene lamps were brought into use. Besides the talks of Dr. Frank- lin and Mr. Mosher at both meet- ings, Russell Makepeace spoke on insecticides at Kingston in place of Mr. Waite, and E. C. McGrew gave a few remarks. Mr. Twom- l-ley of Frost Insecticide Company of Arlington wa sa brief speaker, saying he had a limited quantity of D-X Nicotine, containing some rotenone, which was avai'able. Mr. St. Jacques spoke briefly on cran- berry equipment. Associate Coun- ty Agent J. Richard Beattie said the new pest charts were printed. SPEEDING VICTORY IS WHAT COUNTS NOW There is a war to be won. Day by day Electricity is playing a major role — both on the fighting fronts and on the home front. With the cooperation of the users of Electricity, Electricity is fulfilling this double role. Wise, economical use of Electricity on the home front is speeding Victory. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 AGRICO We recommend AGRICO 5-8-7 Fertilizer for your Cranberries This Spring Dealers at Carver, Middleboro, Wareham, Plymouth and Throughout the entire Cape The American Agricultural Chemical Company North Weymouth, Mass. Telephone Weymouth 2640 Eleven MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT CAN HELP Cranberry Equipment in Good Mechanical Order can Lessen Your Labor Problem. 1944 Cranberry Equipment and Repair Situation is much more favorable. You'll want every mechanical aid possible for ob- taining greatest production. IT IS PROBABLE WE CAN BE OF REAL HELP TO YOU in getting a good crop this fall. Your separator equipment should be checked NOW for necessary re- pairs. Seasonal Items You Shoult Get at Once include insect nets, thermometers, weed- ers and vine setters. We have them, and other items. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. MILITARY REQUIREMENTS DEHYDRATED CRANBERRIES Military requirements for dehy- drated cranberries from the com- ing 1944 crop, as of the present date, are set forth in the following letter to this magazine by Lt. Col. Cecil G. Dunn, Office of the Quar- termaster General, Washington: Mr. Clarence J. Hall, Editor "Cranberry" Magazine, Wareham, Massachusetts. Dear Mr. Hall: Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of April 22nd, which con- tained questions regarding the Army's dehydrated cranberry pro- gram which you wish to have an- swered. The military requirement for de- hydrated cranberries for delivery during the fiscal year 1945, which commences July 1, 1944 and ends June 30, 1945, is 1,500,000 pounds. On the basis of a 10:1 shrinkage ratio (number of pounds of fresh cranberries required to produce one pound of dehydrated cranber- ries), which is conservative, this represents 150,000 barrels of 100 pounds each. The estimates made by our Requirements Section two months ago were considerably higher, but the War Department is limiting the procurement of de- hydrated cranberries to 1,500,000 pounds because it does not wish to place undue hardships on the in- dustry nor wish to seriously inter- rupt normal civiian trade. The dehydrated cranberries pro- cured by the Quartermaster Corps are to be used in fulfilling requisi- tions by the Navy and by the Army. They will all be shipped overseas for consumption, with the possible exception of a few pounds for special research purposes. Twelve It is essential to use the highest quality cranberries obtainable, ex- cept for size, for dehydration pur- poses. This refers particularly to such characteristics as color, fla- vor, and nutritive value. Process- ing of any kind, whether canning, quick-freezing or dehydration, can- not add quality to a product. Nat- ura'ly, cranberries should be ma- ture at the time of processing. During the past two years, cran- beri'ies for dehydration have been obtained on a voluntary basis. Provided that it is thus possible to obtain the quantity of berries re- quired for processing, this is, of course, the democratic way, for it gives each a chance to contribute to the war effort according to the dictates of his conscience. If it is not possible for the dehydrators to obtain the ci'anbei'ries required for dehydration on a voluntary basis, it will become necessary for the government to subject all of the berries to a price ceiling and to invoke a set-aside order. This office feels that such steps should not be necessary, particularly in view of the fact that this should be regarded by all cranberry grow- ers as an opportunity to contribute a share of his production for the war effort. It is the patriotic duty of all growers to consider mi'itary re- quirements, for this is their coun- try and the berries are going to their own countrymen and actually their ow^n sons and relatives — they who are making far greater sacrifices than the mere allotment of part of crop from one's cran- berry bog. It must be pointed out that the War Department is primarily in- "Ray" Morse, New President, Sales Co. Superintendent Raymond F. Morse of West Wareham, elected president of Southeastern Cranberry Club, is superintendent for the New Eng- terested in cranberries and that dehydration is utilized actually only as the best means of making them available overseas. The Cranberry Canners, Incorporated, whom this office has regarded as representatives of the cranberry industry, has made outstanding contributions in the field of dehy- dration since the beginning of the war. This concern was amongst the first in the counti'y to supply a compressed food product to the Quartermaster Corps. It has been very cooperative, endeavoring to carry out all the wishes of the Quartermaster Corps. This close cooperation has contributed great- ly to the success of the dehydrated cranberry program. The benefits dei-ived from the use of the dehy- drated cranberries overseas is bound to increase the interest in fresh and processed cranbei'ries after the war is over. The undersigned enjoyed very much the privi ege of speaking to the cranberry growers at North Carver, Massachusetts, on Febru- ary 25th, and feels that they and the other growers of whom they are representative can be counted upon to voluntarily set aside the cranberries required to fulfill the Army's needs. For the Quartermaster General: Yours very truly, CECIL G. DUNN, Lt. Colonel, Q. M. C, Assistant land Cranberry Sales Company, and as such is widely known in Massachusetts growers. He has been associated with the Co-oper- ative for about 20 years and has charge of all the packing houses and operations and of bog service, work such as spraying, dusting, and other bog operations. There are about fourteen at present in his department. Mr. Morse is a sizeable grower in his own right, being co-owner of a considerable bog in Yar- mouth with Dr. Harold Rowley of Harwich. This is the bog made up in part of the so-called "Martha Thacher" bog, which was one of the most famous of the earliest bogs on the Cape. This property was formerly owned by the late Arthur PhiHips of Yarmouth. He has always been engaged in fai-m- ing and cranberry work. He is married and has three children. Mr. Morse is also known among growers as one of the male quar- tette sometimes called the "Cran- berry Quartette", which has sung at various gatherings, the others being his brother, Nahum H. Morse, Brenton C. Patterson and Walter E. Rowley. This quartette of growers entertaining informally at gatherings, will be remembered as having entertained the Wiscon- sin group when here three years ago. He is a charter member and served as vice president of the Southeastern club for the past three years. Under Production (Continued from Page 7) R. Barker, Buzzards Bay; George Briggs; Harrison F. Goddard; Robert C. Hammond; and C. D. Howland. District three (Middleboro): John G. Howes and Albert A. Thomas. District four (Carver): Ellis D. Atwood, H. R. Bailey, Frank H. Co'e, Homer L. Gibbs, Ruel Gibbs, Carroll D. Griffith, E. S. Mosher,. Bernard E. Shaw, and Frank F. Weston. District five (Assonet, Freetown, Lakeville, Rochester, Taunton, and Marion): Arthur D. Benson, Geo. A. Cowen, and Nahum Morse. District six (Wareham): Frank Butler, Carleton D. Hammond, John C. Makepeace, and Carl B. Urann. District seven (Barnstable Coun- ty): J. Foxcroft Carleton, Louis A. Crowell, William Crowell, Fred S. Jenkins, Russell Makepeace and W. F. Makepeace. At noon the usual fine chicken pie dinner was served. KRYOCIDE The Natural Cryolite Insecticide Used to effectively control CRANBERRY WEEVIL GYPSY MOTH FRUIT WORM CRANBERRY BLOSSOM WORM FALSE ARMY WORM May be used as a SPRAY or DUST Hubbard Kryocide Dust Contains 509o Kryocide THOROUGHLY MIXED - READY TO USE SUPPLY IS ADEQUATE Hubbard Famous Fertilizers (NEW ENGLAND FAVORITES SINCE 1878) For Sale by JOHN J. BEATON CO., C. H. BRYANT, BUZZARDS BAY GRAIN CO., GEORGE A. COWEN, CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC., GENERAL MILLS, INC., VICTOR LEEMAN, B. C. SHAW, JOHN F. SHIELDS, SHURTLEFF HARDWARE CO., Wareham Wareham Buzzards Bay Rochester Onset Plymouth West Barnstable Middleboro Osterville Middleboro Manufactured & Distributed By The Rogers & Hoiibard Company Portland Connecticut Establi-shed 1878 Thirteen Exchange Elects- Votes Its Share Gov't Cranberries Delegates and cirectors of the American Cranberry Exchange at the annual meeting, New York, April 25, re-elected officers and di- rectors. A vote was taken by di- rectors recommending that the state companies provide their pro- rata share of the Government needs in fresh and processed cranberries for the armed forces. Pi-esident, Rtiel S. Gibbs, Ware- ham, Mass.; first vice president, J. C. Makepeace, Wareham; second vice president, Isaac Harrison, Crosswicks, N. Y.; third vice pres- ident, Albert Hedler, Phillips, Wis- consin; executive vice president and general manager, Chester M. Chaney; assistant general man- ager, E. Clyde McGrew; treasurer, Mrs. K. F. Pratt. Directors: Ellis D. Atwood, Car- ver, Mass.; C. M. Chaney, New York; Albert Hedler; L. B. R. BlacK -2(0 PROTECT THIS YEAR'S PROMISE FOR A PROFITABLE CRANBERRY CROP Use Black Leaf 40 in accordance with state recommendations for the control of Spittle Insect Blackheaded Fireworm Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Red-Striped Fireworm TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL CORP. Incorporated LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J. J. BEATON M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years Barker, Buzzards Bay, Mass.; George A. Cowen, Middleboro, Mass.; J. C. Makepeace; A. D. Benson, Middleboro, Mass.; Edward Crabbe, Toms River, New Jersey; Guy Nash, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis- consin; Theodore H. Budd, Pem- berton, New Jersey; Ruel S. Gibbs; Guy N. Potter, Camp Douglas, Wisconsin; Franklin S. Chambers, New Lisbon, New Jersey; Isaac Harrison and M. L. Urann, South Hanson. Growers' Cranberry Company Re-elects AU officers of the Growers' Cran- berry Company were re-elected at the annual meeting of this Jersey cooperative at Pemberton, New Jersey, April 18. These were: pres- ident, Franklin S. Chambers, New Lisbon; first vice president, Isaac Harrison, Crosswicks; second vice president, Theodore H. Budd, Pem- berton; third vice president, Ed- ward Crabbe, Toms River; secre- tary-treasurer, E. C. Beecher, Pem- berton. Chester M. Chaney, E. Clyde McGrew, John C. Makepeace, Wil- liam H. Reeves and H. Gordon Mann addressed the growers. This was the 49th annual meeting of the company, and next year this group will celebrate its 50th year as a cooperative, having joined the American Cranberry Exchange in 1911. C. W. Wilkinson was the first sales manager. Fourteen Cape Clubs Meet (Continued from Page 7) talks on this. He asked growers present to consider they were lis- tening in unseen to the discussion which he led, but to ask questions when they wished. This brought out a good deal of interesting in- formation, subjects discussed be- ginning with what panel members thought determined when a bog should be rebuilt; methods of re- building, scalping or plowing; the use of heavy equipment; the build- ing of dikes; the building of roads around bogs when practical. Members of the panel at Cotuit were: Dr. Franklin, Russell Make- peace, Andrew Kerr, Emil St. Jacques, Seth Collins, and G. A. Stackhouse of Centerville, dealer in heavy bog equipment; at Har- wich, Makepeace and Collins were replaced by Vernon Johnson and (Continued on Page 16) Th. Hills Brothers Company Packers of Dromedary Cranberry Sauce Peter A. Le Sage, Agent Plymouth, Mass. Yarmouth, Mass Tel. Plymouth 740 Tel Barnstable 107 Control thesQ pests: Cranberry Weevil Gypsy Moth Caterpillars ^^ *j Fruit worm Cranberry Blossom VJorm ^ "2^ ■ False Armyworm '^1 ^U iV* A*<* 1^ v\^^ .Y^O o^'^ gv^^^ Protect valuable cranberry crops against the destruction of chewing insects with KRYOCIDE — the proven insecticide, widely and successfully used by many growers. Cryolite is recommended for pest control by leading authorities-and KRYOCIDE is NATURAL CRYO- LITE. . . . Easily applied with standard spraying equipment. Follow the suggestions of your local ex- periment station. Your dealer can supply you wi th KRYOCIDE for spray - ing, or with mixed dusts, from conveniently located stocks... Write for descriptive literature to Dept. CR. P 1 I MAN u/f A^C TURING C O/M P A N Y ILJrUUCLJOULA^ New York 1000 WIDENER BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA 7, PA. Chicago • St. Louis • Pittsburgh • Minneapolis • Wyandotte • Tacoma DISTRIBUTED BY THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONN. (Continued from Page 14) Elnathan E. Eldridge. Russell Makepeace presented the insecticide situation picture at Co- tuit, with Ferric C. Waite of Cran- berry Canners, speaking briefly, while at Harwich Mr. Waite told the story. In addition to insecti- cides Mr. Waite said that water white kerosene is available and that it may be obtained through Cranberry Canners from Volta Oil Company, North Plymouth, or from the Volta Company direct. There is free delivery for nearby points and a nominal trucking charge beyond a radius of 20 miles, he said. Psychrometers Mr. St. Jacques told the gx'ow- ers that he had good i-eason to hope rubber tires might be avail- able for wheelbarrows by next fall, although he could not promise this. He also said that since the publi- cation of Dr. Franklin's weather bulletin he had obtained a limited quantity of psychrometers, which were available to the growers for use in making their own frost predictions. Congressman Gifford Congressman Gifford was wel- comed by growers at Cotuit in his first appearance before any cran- berry gi-oup since his serious acci- dent in Washington some weeks ago. Mr. Gifford said he was very glad to be back again, and that there was certainly "something"' about cranberry growing which kept a man at it, as last fall he had sold his bogs, but was now building a five-acre piece and was coming- back into the business again. hold 50 pounds and they will be piled four high in the trucks. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) shai-e of the canning berries, as a box conservation measure, both for this fall and to begin a build- up for 1945, when boxes may be even shorter than this year. These paper bags are very strong, and will stand some abuse, Manager Goldsworthy says. Each bag will NEW JERSEY TiLittle Evidence of Winterkill — Bogs are being drained and there is not much evidence of winter- killing. Water in Jersey is held later than in Massachusetts and there was not the shortage there was in Massachusetts and in the slightly more southern latitude there was not the combination of acute lack of water and cold winds this year to bring the serious win- terkilMng which resulted in that state. OREGON ^Spring Frosts — Oregon had a very dry winter, several marshes having had difficulty in the Bandon area keeping their marshes under flood. This spring has been characterized by many light, early morning frosts. Some damage had been reported to some marsh- es in the first ten days of April, where the winter flood had been recently let out. Sixteen ^ Continue to buy WAR BONDS and Speed VICTORY The Armed Forces have "first call" on our manufacturing facilities; their orders have and will continue to take preference over civilian re- quirements. MINOT FOOD PACKERS, INC. D. D. CONWAY, President ^ There's Strength in Cooperation! WORKING TOGETHER in war or peacetime means fair marketing and a fair chance to sell a good product with equality to all. Is it any wonder that so many cranberry growers have banded together for years in order to share the advantages of co- operative marketing? One way to increase the many benefits of cooperation is for more growers to join up with the cooperative movements! AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE CHICAGO NEW YORK 'KtiCIN MINLi AIN ;>0,UUU,UUU A TCAK llNUUilKT Libra: V APE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO E. C. ST. JACQUES, Cranberry Equipment Mantfacfurer June, 1944 25 cent Hanson Plant Granted "A"* Award ports of their officers, but also to to earn by supplying cranberries be present at ths colorful "A" to be dehydrated for the armed Award ceremony which they helped forces. Presentation Ceremony To Take Place During Annual Meeting. The Hanson Plant of Cranberry Canners, Inc., has been granted the War Food Administration's Achievement "A" Award for its "high record of production and cooperation in supplying food to the armed forces." The impress- ive presentation ceremony, at- tended by ranking military men, State dignitaries, cranberry grow- ers, plant employees, and Hanson townspeople, will take place at 3 o'clock on Tuesday, June 27, im- mediate'y following the Annual Meeting, which will begin at 10 o'clock that morning. Cranberry Canners, Inc., is the second farmer cooperative in the country to be granted the "A" Award, and it is the first plant in Massachusetts to receive this honor. The award consists of a flag to be flown above the plant. It is granted on a yearly basis and is for outstanding production in food processing. All Massachusetts members of Cranberry Canners, Inc. are urged to attend the Annual Meeting on June 27, not only to hear the re- ELECTRICITY is an even more vital factor in war time than in peace USE IT WISELY Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 + f Sn^ Living Has a Purpose! LIFE IS A GIFT, but only when it is accompanied by Liberty, Jus- tice, Peace, and Plenty. There is no meaning to a life without these. Many lands are without these blessings. Keep them here. BUY A BOND IN THE FIFTH WAR LOAN. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin •|._„„ — , — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „_„„ — „„ „„ „„ „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ — „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ — „„ — „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ — „„ — „„ — „^ The Governmetit Recognizes and Salutes the Men and Women of the Hanson Plant of Cranberry Canners, Inc.: WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATION WASilNGTON croRY BUY murma VTArav AR Office of Diatrlbution April 8, 1944 To the Men and Women of the Hanson Plant, No. 1 Cranberry Canners, Inc. Hanson, Massachusetts: This is to inform you that you are granted the War Food Admin- istration Achievement "A" Award for your high record of produc- tion and cooperation in supplying food to the armed forces, our allies, and the workers on the home front who form an important cog in the civilian wheel of defense. The award is in the form of a flag to be flown over your establish- ment. You are also accorded the right to wear the Achievement "A" Award lapel pin. Your enthusiastic response to our country's needs in the present emergency has undoubtedly helped to bring us closer to final vic- tory. You have every right to be proud of the part you have played in this accomplishment. Sincerely yours, o::k^_^— -'^-^ Director SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS 6? BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOCKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year NIAGARA SPRAYER and CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Middleport, N. Y. Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a full line of dusting machinery. Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Paints - Hardware Mr. Cranberry Grower: Help us to help you by cutting logs early this com- ing season. For your 1945 supply of boxes and shooks, let's talk it over. Jesse A. Holmes & Son Mills at Center Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Car Lot Receivers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS The Nationa Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS-US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS PLYMOUTH LUMBER CO. Plymouth, Mass. A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDING MATERIALS WE ARE YOUR LOGICAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY — ONE BOARD. OR A CAR LOAD Tel. Plymouth 237 Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shook? North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies The COURIER PRINT SHOP WAREHAM, MASS. Printers of CRANBERRIES HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecticides ^^HTlllZi^^ The Rogers k Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn, ESTABLISHEQ IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 6: STi/ler - THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION. WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W Buy Your D-X Nicotine From Frost Insecticide Go. Box 36 Arlington 74, Mass. Use 3 Pts. D-X Nicotine 4 lbs. Arsenate of Lead to 100 gals. Water 400 gals, to the acre B. G. Pratt Company 160 Moore Street HACKENSACK NEW JERSEY 'mm m BONDS Pacific Northwest Cranberry Crowing Is In Pioneer Country by CLARENCE J. HALL Cranberry growing in the Pacific Northwest is carried on in country which is still pioneer. This region of the United States, separated from all other cranberry areas by the Mississippi flowing to the Gulf, the great flat plains of the wheat states, by the mighty Rockies, and the perpetually frost tipped Cascades, is new. Cranberry culture there hugs the very rim of the Pacific ocean, anc, minor though it is compared to the great dominant industry of timbering and logging, it is growing. There the tremendous forests march down the western slopes of the Cascades to the ocean, and timbering has ever been the all-important reason for its development in the towns in which cranberry growing is now gaining a foothold. Timbers, big around as gasoline tank trucks, are hauled past the bogs and the loacs of cran- berries in the fall. I have just returned from an all- too-brief visit to this Pacific Northwest, which in the past cou- ple of years has been making cran- berry history and to which interest is turning. Such a short stay, even though every moment was in- tensively devoted to acquiring cran- berry knowledge, and though backed by considerable preliminary study, cannot make for a thorough- ly adequate report. However, in subsequent articles an attempt will be made to give CRANBERRIES readers some impression, at least, of what is going on among our new Pacific feKow cranberry work- ers. This is a land where growth is huge — the mightiest trees in the world grow here, azealias are as big as trees, lupin grpws waist high, clover leaves are nearly as big as the leaves of trees, and they raise big cranberries. There, are palm trees, tnere are dates, and there are prune orchards. Wash- ngiton, in the latitude of New- foundland, has a warmer-than- temperate climate in this sub-arctic latitude. The warm Japanese cur- rent cuts in close, giving the Pa- cific coast where grow the cran- berries a climate in which grass is green the year round, and weeds grow ten months or more in the year. There are no extremes in temperature range; there is seldom snow, 85 degrees is a "heat" which has cranberry vines and growers gasping. Rain faPs consistently during the "wet season", which lasts a greater part of the year. There is no rain (or almost none) during the brief summer season, but this summer is not hot as heat is known on the Atlantic seaboard or in mid-western Wisconsin. A New Englander growls at his weather; not so a resident of Washington or Oregon. He ignores the great amount of rain which falls in the twelvemonth. He works, talks, Four and goes about his business, seem- ingly unaware of the falling rain. A New Englander "blasts" the ex- tremes of his weather, but no true son or daughter of Washington or Oregon seems to want to know nor care what his average rainfall is. Everything is green, a vivid, hard green, around the residents of these states most of the year. There is a rank, almost tropical pxcessiveness of growth, moss hangs wierdly from the branches of the gigantic trees in the deep forests. In the summer in Oregon, durinsT the dry season, when the humidity happens to be very low, however, the country is like tinder. Thev ^all it "explosive", rine for gigantic forest fires like the one of 1936, which destroyed practically the entire town of Bandon. Cranberry Growing The high barrier of the Cascade range at the back door of the nar- row coastal region in both these states where cranberries are grown shuts in the rain and shelters the region, making it a conservatory for the development of plant life. East of the Cascades all is difi'er- ent and there is desert and sage- brush, extremes of hot and cold, pnd great snows and droughts. The c'eavage is dramatically ab- rupt. In this Pacific Northwest is now fruiting the "Go West, Young Man, Go West" theory of more than a century. The Western states, Washington, Oregon (and California) have had the greatest recent rapid growth in population, the greatest increase in wealth of any portion of the United States. It is the last frontier in the coun- try. There is a constant infusion of new blood, and here reigns the daring spirit of the pioneer. Its people are justly proud of their new country — they are proud to tell you of its undeniably great advantages, of its rapid progress. They are the acme of hospitality and of kindness. They are alert. They look ahead, not back. Here now is the freshness of spirit of those developing an in- dustry new to them. They have enthusiasm. Cranberry growing is but a very small part of the great agricultural development of the Northwest, it is perfectly true, but it is with this portion the interest of growers of the older cranberry region lies. Very recently this region has been directly linked with cranberry culture along the Atlantic coast and Wisconsin, through the coming of Cranberry Canners, providing a market for canning fruit and for fresh fruit through the American Cranberry Exchange. The industry now has direct hook-up, from the eastern- most bog on Cape Cod to the new cranberry bog of the Uranns at Cape Blanco in Oregon, the farth- est point West one may drive in the United States. Facilities in com- mon are now provided from thj cannery at Plymouth Rock to a cannery in Washington and Ore- gon, where the waves of the Pa- cific wash beneath the window. The diff'erent conditions of the Pacific Northwest for cranberry grov.'ing work out, as might be ex- pected, as advantages and some- times disadvantages. In spending a little more than a week in the most intensive kind of visiting much was seen and learned, but et the same time much was missed and some things may have been interpreted ineptly. A thoroughly complete picture of cranberry growing in two great states along a stretch of 500 miles from north to south cannot be gained in such a brief time. Of my admiration for the kind- ness, hospitality and enthusiasm of our Pacific Coast cranberry neighbors there is no limit. If, in the series of articles to come, mis- statements are made, I ask not only the forgiveness of these fine friends I made, but ask also that they correct any such. After all, what is desired is an accurate picture of over-all cranberry grow- ing— for the benefit of growers whose bogs lie along the Atlantic coast, where Americans have lived the longest, those in the wonderful midwest cranberry state of Wis- consin, and those in this newest cranberry area where the roar of the restless Pacific is heard above the hiss of sprinkler systems. From coast to coast now stretches cranberry growing. So, as a pre- liminary to the subsequent arti- cles, a sincere salute to this new cranberry country — a salute to their future, and in pioneer coun- try anything may happen. Issue of June, 1944 — Vol. 9, No. 2 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. Massachusetts Has Worst Spring Freeze Since 1918 This Added to Winterkillinor Has Cut Crop Prospects To 250,000-300,000 bbls. Massachusetts, on Thursday night. May 18, and the following morning. May 19, suffered the most disastrous frost since the great spring freeze on June 20, 1918, at the time of the last war. Dr. Franklin has tentatively set the loss at about 18 per cent, al- though it may exceed this, and others place it at 25 per cent. Loss in barrels is set by Franklin at 75,000. Many Massachusetts growers are now placing Massa- chusetts production this fall as low as 250,000 barrels. Dr. Frank- lin, while not prepared to say pro- duction will be as small as that, believes 300,000 will be the top that may be expected as of the present date, and points out that other things can happen to reduce it further before the crop is har- vested. Reliable reports reaching Frank- lin .show that 18 degrees was a low generally reached and that un- doubtedly many bogs had mini- mums of 1.3 and 14. Reports Avere received of 8 and 9 above, but pos- sibly these thermometers were not accurate. This was a "black frost", a real "freeze". The dew point was very low — no dew to freeze, no white frost visible in general, and no ground fog. Frost came e:" !y when wind dropped between nine and ten, and a temperature ol 1'3 was reached, killing various crops and injuring cranberry bogs which could not be flooded. Dry bogs were hit, and the bogs of those growers who cou'.d not get suffic- ient water on. Then the wind sprang up and blew a "gale". Near morning this wind failed and the bottom dropped out. Growers who had put on a suf- ficient amount of water to protect for a normal frost were caught. That is, normal frost flooding of water into the vines failed. Vines above water actually froze, and this was the first time in his ex- perience that Dr. Franklin was enabled to verify the fact that vines above water had been frost- ed. Some were fooled by the wind. In commenting on this "freeze" in Massachusetts, coming in a year when cranberries are so needed. Dr. Frankin pioints to an explan- a.tory fact in his recent Aveather buleetin which states, (Weather Sequence and Frost Occurrence, page 55) : "It should be taken as an omen of unusual frosts in south- ern New England if the mean an- nual temperature of either north- ern or southern New Eng'and has bc'^n distinctly below^ normal the previous calendar year". This was the case in both southern and ncrthern New England for the preceding year, figures to that ef- fect h?ving just been received by Dr. Franklin. It may also be re- called that in the April issue of CRANBERRIES Dr. Franklin pointed out that valcanism was a Dr. Bergman On Cape for Summer Dr. H. F. Bergman, senior path- ologist, USDA, who was assigned to work in BeltsviUe, Maryland, last winter, is now back at the Massachusetts Experiment Station at East Wareham. He will en- gage chiefly this summer in a study of fungous diseases, with little at- tention planned this season for further research upon oxygen con- tent in cranberry water. Dr. Bergman says he is very pleased to be back on the Cape for this summer, apd hopes he may continue to be assigned for sum- mer work upon cranberry prob- lems. factor which should be given con- sideration this year as concerned frosts, since Mt. Vesuvius was in eruption. The figures of the temperatures for 1943 received by Dr. Franklin only about the time of the frost showed that the mean temperature for northern New England was 42 degrees, whereas the normal mean i? 43.2; for southern New England the mean was 47.8 and the normal is 48.4. Had Dr. Franklin these figures earlier in the season he w«-.uld have been much more appre- hensive of frost injury possibili- ties, and in fact, now that he has them, is fearful there may be a kaning toward frosts in June, and I f" course this serious lowering of Ip.e mean average for both sections < New England will be given con- -i ioration in issuing any warnings :■.. .t fall. (Continued on Page 11) Five Development of Cranberry Crowing in Wisconsin By NEIL E. STEVENS and JEAN NASH (Reprinted with permission from the WISCONSIN HISTORY, March 1944). MAGAZINE OF Editor's Note: Dr. Stevens, now professor of botany at the University of Illinois, is known throughout the cranberry field because of his many years of activity, in- cluding summers as cranberry specialist in Wisconsin, first there in 1918 and his years with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Miss Nash is the daughter of Guy Nash, one of Wisconsin's most distinguished growers, and is treasurer of the Biron Cranberry Company of which Mr. Nash is president and is a third generation Wisconsin grower. Cranberry culture is highly specialized. In many ways the cran- berry grower does exactly the opposite from the grower of most fruits. To be sure, he chooses a fertile soil^ but before he plants he usually covers this soil with several inches of sterile sand. The soil itself may be acid, a condition avoided for most crops. He floods to prevent frost damage. He can and often does drown his insect pests instead of poison- ing them. In Wisconsin he harvests his crop by flooding the vines and scooping the berries out of the water. Finally for winter protection he either freezes the vines solidly in eight or ten inches of ice; or, more commonly, floods with water deep enough to cover the vines, allows a thick layer of ice to form, and then draws off the water, letting the heavy ice sheet rest on the vines. Thus set apart from other agriculture, it is not surprising that cran- berry growing has developed its own techniques, much of its own ma- chinery, and something of a language of its own. The development of this industry in Wisconsin, parallelling but always to some extent inde- pendent of the industry on the Eastern seaboard, forms a unique chapter in the history of the state. The Wild Fruit Cranberries are native to Wis- consin as they are to most of the Northeastern states and to ad- jacent Canada. The importance of the wild fruit in earlier days is indicated by the laws governing picking. The Wisconsin law, for example, at one time provided a penalty of $50 for the offense of picking or having in possession unripe cranberries before the twentieth of September. This law was by no means a dead letter. The Berlin Courant on September 8, 1859, says that eight or ten persons were arrested and bound over to appear at the circuit court in Waushara County for picking cranberries contrary to law in the town of Sacramento. The Berlin Boom The area north of Berlin was the first in which cranberries were cultivated in Wisconsin. More- over the Berlin "boom" had a di- rect influence on the development of the industry in the remainder of the state. All the records agree that the first improvement of marshland for cranberry growing in Wisconsin, certainly the first which had any permanence, was made by Edward Sacket. Perhaps as early as 1860 Mr. Sacket, whose home was originally in Sacket Har- bor, New York, came to Berlin to investigate the possibilities of some land which he had purchased through agents. He found that he was the owner of some 700 acres of "shaking bog" on which, among other plants, grew quantities of cranberry vines. Evidently Sacket had some knowledge of cranberry growing in the Eastern states. He had dams built and ditches dug so that the cranberries could be kept flooded until most of the danger of early frost was past. Brush was removed and a warehouse built. The experiment was successful. In 1865, 938 barrels of cranberries were produced on the Sacket marsh and were sold in Chicago at from $14 to $16 a barrel. On the way, home from Chicago the oMer Sacket died, but his sons carried on and in 1869 gathered a $70,000 crop. Of course cranberries gathered from wild marshes were important in the Berlin area long before Sacket began his development. We learn also in the Berlin Cour- ant of November 14, 1861, that Reese and Williams, who owned a general store in Berlin, shipped to Chicago more than 500 barrels of cranberries which they had "taken in" during the preceding few weeks. Neighboring owners of wild cranberry land were quick to fol- low Sacket's example. Among the first were the Carey brothers, who had purchased for hay a large acreage of land adjoining their farm near Auroraville. A few berries had been gathered from this land in 1855, but they brought only 50 cents a bushel, and the land lay forgotten. Inspired, however, by the example of the Sackets, the young Carey brothers put in a system of ditches and dams. The first year they had 1,000 barrels which sold at $13 a barrel. With this to go on, they continued their improvements. Yields increased year by year, reaching a climax in 1872 with a crop of 10,000 barrels which sold at an average price of $11 a barrel. Even before the year 1872 the cranberry development north of Berlin had taken on all the aspects of a typical boom. In restrained language the Berlin Courant of November 22, 1866 stated: "Preparations are being made by various parties to go into the cul- ture on an extensive scale Fab- ulous sums have already been of- fered for some of the best fields, but owners find them too profitable to be wiHing to sell. The owner of a cranberry marsh has a better thing today than an oil well or a gold mine because his "mine" grows better the more it is worked." The early success of the Sackets and the Careys aroused great in- terest in the locality. Numerous small marshes were developed and at least two other large ones: Rounds and Company with 240 acres, 10 miles of ditches, and housing capacity for 800 pickers; Six CRANHERR^ KAKING CONTEST — 1937 Jesse Mike, a Winnebago Indian (checkered shirt), won the championship of Central Wisconsin marshes by rakingr ten field boxes (about 40 quarts each) in 20 minutes on the Gaynor Cranberry Co. Marsh, near Cranmoor. Photo by Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune. and H. Spencer, with 160 acres, 8 miles of ditches, and housing for 100 pickers. Nearly all of these cranberry holdings were in the town of Au- rora, Waushara County, most of them on the large marshland which extended from the Tarey property on the northwest to that of Sacket on the south. There were smaller marshes along Barnes Creek. Since Berlin, in Green Lake county, was the shipping center, this is the name usually mentioned in connection with this industry. But if Berlin got the credit, Aurora got the tax money. We find in the records of this town that on July 10, 1873, it was decided to assess the best cranberry properties at 815,000, and to grade the others in accordance with the prr ious year's crop. On the basis of such figu i; as are available the productio!^ the Berlin area appears to havr )een approximately as follows: 870, 10,000 barrels; 1871, 20,00 bar- rels; 1872, perhaps 30,000 I els; 1874 (a preliminary estimate as picking started), 30,000 barrels; 1879, 16,000 barrels; 1881, 6,000 barrels; 1882, 5,000 barrels; 1883, "a very poor crop"; in 1884, 3,000 barrels. According to the Courant cranberry picking occupied only three or four days in 1884. Cold figures seventy years old can give little idea of the general excitement attending this typical American boom. A somewhat more vivid picture may be drawn from the files of the local news- paper, the Berlin Courant, in which everything relating to cran- berries was considered news. On September 12, 1869, we read, "Cranberry picking has com- menced in this locality, and every available man, woman, and child has been set to work by the cran- berry men to secure the crop." In July, 1870, "Advices from the Cranberry Marshes indicate a much larger yield of cranberrie^ this year than ever before. The breadth of land in cultivation i- increasing rapid'y, and the frui, never looked more promising." The Courant of 1870 refers to the rapid development of the in- dustry as "magical." It points out that whereas ten years ago a large portion of the marshland in the town of Aurora was considered worthless some "is now valued at and richly worth from $100 to S300 per acre." In November, 1870, occurs a paragraph headed "Cranberries on the Brain," which states that the Carey brothers had "gathered con- siderably the largest crop of any grower in this section and probably in the west, reaching in round numbers 3,500 barrels, and now worth in the market upwards of §40,000, more than two-thirds of which is left a net profit of the jrrowers." Perhaps it would be only fair to add that the Careys had just given the editor a barrel of cranberries. In December of the same year here is a report of a joint stock ompany formed by several old (Continued on Page 16) Seven HOW CRANBERRIES MAKE THE NEWS! Tucked away in the budget of the up-to-the-minute food pro- ducer or manufacturer is an amount for "publicity". What does it represent? It is the money it costs to take the pictures and write the stories that find their way onto the food pages of news- papers, magazines, trade publica- tions for millions to see and read and clip and use every day of the year! Turn to the woman's page of any daily newspaper and notice that mouth-watering picture of baked macaroni and cheese with quick and easy directions for mak- ing up the dish for tonight's sup- per. That wasn't dug out of the file of the food editor just to fill space. The picture and recipe were promoted very probably by an up and coming cheese or maca- roni manufacturer who believes the more peop'e see pictures of his product the more people will want to eat it! So it is with cranberries. From September, when they ^first come into the market until after ' the holidays, when the last of the crop are sold, fresh cranberry pictures, recipes, serving hints, canning helps, Christmas decorating ideas, pop out of newspapers, magazines, food trade papers, over the radio every day because of the active promotional efforts of the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange members. Cranberries are always news. They're the last berry of the sea- son to come into the market. They hold a definite place in holiday meal planning. And cranberry sauce is good to serve when com- pany's coming. But unless new recipes — new pictures — new food facts — new serving ideas are fed to the press, cranberries may be dug out of the editors' files on> at holiday time. That's why your cranberry publicity people try to give editors and their readers real news. It's good to be able to tell mil- Eight By GRACE M. WHITE, Home Economics Director Baten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc. Advertising RICH. REU CRANBERRIES, SCOOP AND ALL, INTRODUCED THE SEASON AT GOOD HOUSEKEEPING MAGAZINE! lions when sugar is short that real, old-fashioned cranberry sauce tastes just as good made with part corn syrup, maple syrup, or honey. Women appreciate the hint when fresh fruit is almost untouchable in price that cranberry sauce can double as a fruit for breakfast and also as dessert. And the thrifty housewife wants to know about the tasty, easy-to-make cranberry pre- serves she can put up for breakfast toast spread when butter's scarce! Food editors are quick to spot the food manufacturer who sends out tested, fool-proof recipes, at- tractive, good-enough-to-eat food pictures, who is co-operative in working up material to meet a last minute need of the paper, who stands ready to dig deep for an idea. The product then takes on a personality. It gets space in the papers! And it's the happy com- bination of having a story to tell to a co-operative food editor that produces good publicity results. Let's check the returns on The American Cranberry publicity cam- paign this past year and see where and how the dollars were spent. In the magazine editor's kitchen new recipes for fresh cranberries must be planned during the early hot summer months. An editor is quite used to thinking about steamed puddings in July and molded salads in December. This year, as a pleasant reminder, each New York editor was sent a dainty flowering cranberry plant, her own personal "cranberry bog", to brighten her desk and to make her think of tart, red berries to come! And it did! The result was that total magazine clippings received were stepped up 82% over last year, while total circulation of the magazines carrying cranberry copy rose 32%. Reproduced here are two of the nine lovely full color photographs that appeared in McCall's and Good Housekeeping magazines during the cranberry selling sea- son. They show, too, the results of the wholehearted cooperation of the Exchange members who fur- nished the scoops, vines and ber- ries on quick notice for the photo- graphs. These generous, colorful food shots and feature cranbeiry articles were only part of the recipes and other pictures that ap- peared in these sixteen leading woman's magazines. Number of Magazine CI ippings McCall's 3 Good Housekeeping 4 Ladies' Home Journal 5 Woman's Home Companion 6 Better Homes & Gardens 5 Parents 2 Woman's Day 7 Everywoman's 3 House & Garden 2 Time 1 Click 2 American Home 5 Vogue 1 Saturday Evening Post 1 House Beautiful 3 Look 1 Total circulation, 119,614,995 Number of clippings 51 Newspaper Publicity Nation-wide newspaper public- ity misses the personal contact of the food representative. Although much material passes over a news- paper food editor's desk in a day, CRANBERRIES TAKE THE PLACE OF HONOR ON THIS McCALL MAGAZINE THANKSGIVING PAGE! CRANBERRIES, TOO, ARE NEWS TO IHE MAN WHO SELLS THEM! Nib* she is quick to recognize and use that which is new, bright and straight sounding. A timely pic- ture, careful'y planned with an eye for clear newspaper reproduction, gets a generous pick-up every time. Fresh cranberry recipes and photograps are fast winning that reputation! In New York City, where it is possible to work out the individual needs of the newspaper food edi- tors by personal contact, the past year showed a total of 321 clip- pings featuring fresh cranberries. During the year stories and recipes telling how to serve favor- ite cranberry sauces and relishes as dessert and even as breakfast fruit. . how to can cranberries at home for free ration service next summer . .what relishes to serve for Thanksgiving when the holiday roast was pork, not turkey . . and how to brighten up dull, rationed meals with fresh cranberries were sent to 2368 general newspapers throughout the country. This amounted to a combined circulation of over 127 mirion. Exclusive material, too, stressing these same points, were given to newspaper syndicates such as Associated Press and King Features. A pic- ture accepted by the large syndi- cate is a publicity person's dream of heaven. For then it appears in newspapers all over the country. This past year the New York syndicates accepted nineteen indi- vidual cranberry stories with rec- ipes and pictures. How Clippings Are Checked Hundreds and hundreds of cran- berry clippings were received from newspapers from coast to coast. One of the happy parts of a pub- licity director's job is to check the fruits of her labor. Last season, results were good! Here is a chart to show it. It is based on the general newspaper circulation and number of clippings received in 20 representative cities throughout the country. The total circulation figure of these newspapers featur- ing fresh cranberry stories reads :ike a war debt— 350,334,889. What this rather detailed report boils down to is the fact that every man, woman or child in the United States had an opportunity to see 16 fresh GENERAL NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION IN 20 CITIES FROM WHICH CLIPPINGS WERE TAKEN No. of Clippings City 30 Albany, New York 159 Boston, Mass. 101 Chicago, Illinois 58 Cleveland, Ohio 18 Denver, Colorado 22 Des Moines, Iowa 40 Detroit, Michigan 38 Los Angeles, California 21 Miami, Florida 22 Minneapolis, Minnesota 51 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 321 New York, N. Y. 57 Philadelphia, Pennsylvani 6 Portland, Maine 19 Providence, Rhode Island 15 St. Louis, Missouri 17 San Antonio, Texas 1 Topeka, Kansas 25 Wilmington, Delaware 83 Washington, D. C. Total Circulation In These 20 Cities 350,334,889 Circulation Population Clippings Per Person 2,236,529 130,577 17 32,108,003 770,813 41 66,120,389 3,396,808 19 12,567,215 878,336 14 2,683,672 322,412 8 3,903,275 159,819 24 14,813,516 1,623,452 9 12,965,389 1,504,277 9 1,483,797 172,172 9 2,081,548 492,370 4 10,213,694 587,472 18 140,442,795 7,454,995 18 25,273,759 1,931,334 14 257,155 73,643 3 3,406,255 253,504 13 3,523,023 816,049 3 1,181,483 253,854 4 18,942 67,833 0 707,209 112,502 6 14,284,241 718,635 19 Average Number of Clippings Seen Per Person 16 Ten cranberry clippings in the news- papers during this past season. Grocery Trade Publicity Trade magazines and trade pa- ers were not overlooked in the hope of keeping Mrs. Consumer inter- ested in cranberry cooking. Thir- teen stories were sent to grocery trade magazines, merchandising trade papers, hotel, restaurant and club magazines, and to restauiant and hotel home economists. The subjects discussed dealt with ev- erything from the sales value of cellophane bagged cranberries to the taste value of tart, fresh cran- berry sauce in pepping up rationed meals. Cranberry copy rang the bell here, too, in magazines that reached a tota" circulation of al- most three million readers. Briefly, this is the cranberry publicity story for, 1943. The 1944 season is ahead and already plans are in the making for a good year with carefully directed publicity that will sell fresh cranbei-ries. New Important Massachusetts Development Munroe Cranberry Company Buys and Is Rebuilding Weston Bogs at Holliston and to Rebuild 30 Acres at Franklin A new cranberry company, com- posed of North Attleboro men and Itnown as the Munroe Cranberry Company, has purchased the bogs of Mrs. L. W. Weston of about 30 acres at Holliston and has also purchased the "Thayer bog land" in nearby Frank in, which was formerly a good producing bog of 30 acres. This property will be rebuilt and replanted as soon as possible. The Munroe Company consists of James A. Munroe, James E. Munroe and Robert L. Munroe, all of North Attleboro, Mass., well- known general contractors. At present the company is work- ing on the 30 acres of the Weston bogs at Holliston, where a com- plete reconditioning job is being done with a power shovel with :;:^^ "^=17 ^^"f^^s nherry Crop Read I , > u* r.nght T.iuch /.. Hi;i/.r ■/; .- SI LO U ISJTAR: IS ®je Cbeniiifi IBuljctin clam-shel! attachments. A bull- dozer and scraper has built roads around all the bog areas. Weed- ing and clearing of woodland is being done by hand labor. It is expected this acreage will be reno- vated completely and ready for sanding on the ice this winter. All flumes will be replaced by con- crete flumes. During the course of renovation some of the irregu- larities wi 1 be excavated and graded for planting, increasing the area by about nine acres. The Franklin property is now flooded to kill all vegetation and will be rebuilt and replanted next season, if labor is available. NEWSPAPER EDITORS WANT t K PICTURES THAT TELL A TIMELY STORE! Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) His warning for that afternoon was for 2.5 and the evening forecase for 23, and an extraordinarily law dew point at noon indicated seri- ous trouble that night. Temperatures in this freeze were lower than in the great freeze of 1918, althorgh loss was not so heavy, for the reason that bogs were farther advanced at that time and, in fact, many growers were then afraid to flow. In this freeze the range was from 14 to a high of 25, whereas in 1918 the range was from 21 to 27 degrees. Warnings were issued for the two nights following the freeze of the morning of the 19th, and where there was some frost there was no damage of any consequence. As the result of this freeze Massachusetts' strawberry crop may be cut in half, fruit crop is damaged 20 per cent, tomato and asparagus was injured, and even hardy vegetables like cabbage, l>t'ets and peas, sweet corn and beans were lost in many parts of the state, it has been announced. Losses from this frost were ex- tensive in both Barnstable and Plymouth Counties, although much nievious damage had been done in both by winter-killing. The injury may extend into next season's cropping on some bogs where all new growth was killed back to the wood. Injury to blueberries varied con- siderab'y with the location, some growers suffering five percent loss, S'^me half, some all, and some none r all. (Continued on Page 19) Eleven BUY BONDS— -FIFTH WAR LOAN This is the 25th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mas\ Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. (^ditMal ISSUE OF JUNE, 1944 Vol. 9 No. 2 CHARLES S. BECKWITH THE death of Charles S. Reckwith brings not onl}^ the great loss to the cranberry and blueberry industry of the nation, but a deep sense of personal loss to all who were privileged to know him. Stricken at the age of 53, while in the line of duty, much more great work along the two sci- entific lines in which he speciaized might have been accompished by Mr. Beckwith had he been given more years. All grow- ers of cranberries and blueberries lost a learned and faithful worker in these fields. All who knew him lost a good friend. The Editor includes himself in this group and knows that he has indeed lost a good friend, who on so many occasions over a number of years had, with the greatest of kindness, extended innumerable courtesies and acts of friendship. Since the incep- tion of this magazine Mr. Beckwith has never once failed to respond to any request for information or help in regard to New Jersey cranberry growing. If this maga- zine has contributed in any measure to the success of cranberry growing, Mr. Beck- with has contributed a large share, and this only as one of the minor ways in which he has made cranberry and blueberry cul- ture better occupations. The Editor re- calls hours on a number of occasions which he spent with Mr. Beckwith and knows that aside from the pleasure of Mr, Beck- with's company he has gained much from having had the privilege of spending this time with Mr, Beckwith. It is with great sorrow that the name of Mr. Beckwith is removed from this editorial page, where through his deep kindness and devotion to cranberry growing it was listed as "Correspondent-Advisor". A good friend is gone. PERSONAL TO THE PACIFIC TO those cranberry growers and those associated with the cranberry industry in Washington and Oregon whom the Edi- tor and Mrs. Hall were pv'/ileged to meet on our trip to your ams 'ingly beautiful and dynamic portion of cur country, our most sincere thanks for your overwhelm- ing courtesy and kindnes • It is our loss that lack of time mad "t impossible to meet others and to visit nore cranberry properties. We were le o expect great Vy ^^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^i- Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application pleasure and rare experiences by those who have previously visited you, and in this were not disappointed. With the closer association now existing between all the cranberry areas, many will doubtless follow the trail to the Pacific Northwest cranberry bogs, blazed by leaders in the industry, as did we. It is pleasing that so many of you hope to come "east" to Wis- consin, should the talked-of convention of Pacific and Atlantic growers there mater- ialize after the war. Such a meeting is as yet a nebulous thing, but it was broached as a suggestion in Wisconsin last .year, and those of you who met the four Wisconsin visitors recently know they still consider it a happy pr->-^"bility. East may be east and West ma^ " • west, but the twain are meeting. Thirteen MANUFACTURER OF CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT E. C. St. Jacques, Wareham, Mass., Is a Vital Link In the Industry — Chose His Business and Is Thor- oughly "Sold" on Cranberries By CLARENCE J. HALL Just as a chain is no stronger than its weakest part, so is an industry no stronger than its weakest part. Certainly the link which is "mechanical equipment" should not be a weak one, and particularly in this age which is so rapidly growing more mechanized — as is the cranberry industry. The "mechanical equipment" link of the cranberry industry has more than one component part, as cranberry equipment may come through a number of sources. A very strong part of this link, however, is the Hayden Sep- arator Manufacturing Company of Wareham, Emile C. St. Jacques, proprietor. The primary business of the Hayden Company, which is Mr. St. Jacques, is serving the cranberry industry with cranberry equipment and mechanical ser- vice. Others, fortunately, do supply various kinds of me- chanical equipment for the growers. But St. Jacques specializes in cranberry equipment. The H. R. Bailey Company of Carver is another specialized cranberry equipment concern, and an article appeared about Mr. Bailey in CRANBERRIES October. 1940. But this article solely concerns Mr. St. Jacques. It is the story of a man who has made himself a specialist in cran- berry equipment. A man who sees great advancement for the cran- berry industry in the immediate post-war years, who is thoroughly sold on the "cranberry industry" and has gone into it on full scale business as manufacturer of equipment and now is becoming a cranberry grower himself, as well. He has a four-acre bog already set to vines, with provision for put- ting in ten acres more. He has made himself an author- ity upon war-time rules and regu- lations as pertaining to agricul- tural, or at least to cranberry equipment. He knows quotas and rationing, what equipment requires certificate of need and what does not. He is one of the most faith- ful of attendants at Massachusetts cranberry club meetings, and more often than not he is either on the program of speakers or is called upon to supply information con- cerning the obtaining and servic- ing of cranberry equipment under War Production Board rulings. In Massachusetts he has been the au- thority upon this phase of the cranberry business. He has kept this information up to date and told it concisely to the growers time and time again. Mr. St. Jacques fell into the business of manufacturing cran- berry equipment quite naturally. He has always, from a boy up, had a keen interest in mechanical things. He was born in Marlboro, Massachusetts, in 1892, his father being a physician. He went to school at Whitinsville nearby in the Blackstone Valley, which has for long been highly industrialized in the production of textile ma- chinery. While still going to school he took a job summers in the Whitin Machine Works, a con- cern which makes textile machin- ery. Became Mechanical Engineer He finished lower schools when sixteen and had greatly developed his mechanical aptitude. He had his mind all made up by that time to learn engineering and planned to go to Worcester Polytechnic Institute, but as Worcester Poly- technic does not graduate a stu- dent until he is twenty-one, afte: a four-year course, he had a yea to wait. He spent that year in the machine works. For reasons which seemed best at the time he had decided he wanted to be a civil engineer and chose that course, rather than me- chanical engineering, and was graduated with his C. E. degree in 1913. His studies gave him a sound mathematical training and a knowledge of general engineer- ing, but within two weeks of grad- uation he was employed with an industrial firm, working as a me- chanica' rather than a civil engi- neer. This was with the Riter-Conley Company of Pittsburg, which spec- ialized in blast furnaces, oil refin- eries, etc. He was employed as field erection engineer and had charge of installations. This work took him into about 15 states of the Union over a period of four years. In 1917 he changed em- ployment, going with the American Appraisal Company of Milwaukee as field engineer, making apprais- als of machinery and equipment. This work took him over most of the same fifteen states and added enough more to make up about 40 in which he has worked, and also a job in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. In 1921 he was married to Miss Marie R. Messier of Central Falls, Rhode Island. Mrs. St. Jacques had been an accountant. Today Mrs. St. Jacques is one of the "un- official" assets of his business, be- ing his book-keeper and account- ant in her spare time. To her experience and ability along this line, in the keeping of such accur- ate records and files as are now necessary under wartime Govern- ment business controls, may be credited a part of his reputation as authority on mechanical equip- ment rules and regulations. In the early years of their mar- riage Mrs. St. Jacques accompa- nied him on many business trips, but after he had been on the road for more than ten years they were both anxious for a more settled home life .In 1926, Mr. St. Jacques was assigned to appraise machin- ery on cranberry properties, when there was a movement to consoli- date a large number of bogs. Came into Cranberries Thr -'gh Appraisal Work This was his first contact with the cranberry industry. Before that all he knew about cranberries was that he lik?d to eat them at Thanksgiving and other times, now and then. While he had been ap- praising bogs in New Jersey he had become impressed with the possibilities in cultivated blue- berries, that now industry just then having begun to blossom out so substantially in that state. He bought a run-out cranberry bog of three acres in the Tihonet section of Wareham and sufficient blue- berry cuttings from Miss Elizabeth C. White of Whitesbog, New Jer- sey, to set this out. From his contact with the cran- berry industry he had begun to see an opportunity for an occupation which did not require so much travelling around, becoming inter- ested in the possibilities in the manufacture of cranberry equip- ment. The opportunity presented itself to buy the Hayden Cranberry Sep- arator Company, then located at South Carver. He bought this from the widow of Lothrop Hay- den, the latter having died in 1923. The business had been conducted by Mrs. Hayden since that time. "Lot" Hayden will be recalled by Massachusetts growers as a man of really unusual mechanical genius, who had been making cran- berry screening equipment in a shop at the back of his home for at least a quarter of a century. He was one of the real pioneers in the cranberry equipment business. But as he was very fond of hunt- ing and fishing and spent consider- able time each year out of doors, he had confined his manufactur- ing eff'orts to screening equipment. Mr. and Mrs. St. Jacques at that time called Central Falls their home. In November 1927 he moved the Hayden business to Wareham, having bought the yi nt of the former Cape Cod Pcv.'er Dory Company, and they, wi"'i a young son, established their h rme in Wareham. This plant gav: Ir. St. Jacques 6800 square fee of manufacturing floor space. The property is on Wareham's Main street, and at the rear has a siding on the Cape branch of the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad. The location was also central for the cranberry industry. He became a member of the cran- berry industry — come to stay. The blueberry planting at Tihonet has been sold. He shortly added scoops and wheelbarrows, and hand tools such as weeders, vine setters, turf axes and turf pullers, to the screening equipment. He also improved the separator, the principal change be- ing in the feed roll control and in the grader. In 1933 he really be- gan to branch out. Dusters were coming into use in agriculture, and he developed the Hayden cranberry duster. He continued to expend in 1934, and in 1935 he worked out an improved method of dust dis- tribution. He decided the machine was too light and the best method of dust distribution was tubular and not through nozzles. He built a more rugged machine and in 1936 began to turn out power dusters, as well as hand drawn. Nozzle distribution was fine for row crops, but distribution by a tube or "boom" was the thing for such a crop as cranberries, Mr. St. Jacques decided. In 1937 still fur- ther refinements were made, most- ly in the hopper. About the sole excursion from strictly cranberry equipment was made in this connection, and this was in 1940 when, at the sugges- tion of Bertram Tomlinson, Barn- stable County Agent, he adapted a duster to strawberries, strawber- ries being an important crop at Falmouth on the Cape. This was found to give excellent control of strawberry weevil, and many strawberry growers obtained their first full ci'op after their crop was dusted. Others were adapted the next two years and in 1942 thirteen were made for strawberry growers, but war restrictions ended this side outlet for the time being. An ac- count of this adaptation appeared in CRANBERRIES, September, 1942 and was subsequently written up in "Extension Service Re\iew," national U. S. Department of Ag- riculture publication. He had added pumps to the business and from 1933 to 1935 be handled the Beaton pump. In 19.35 an arrangement was made with the Lawrence Machine & Pump Company of Lawrence, Mass. whereby Mr. St. Jacques became sole agent for all the cranberry areas for this specially-designed cranberry bog pump. The manufacturing of cranberry equipment require sa considerable variety and quantity of machinery, involving lathes, drill presses, shaper, welder, saws and planers, and the Hayden plant is now a rather impressive establishment. Mr. St. Jacques' employes, four the year around, with about four extra in the summer, when he is operating at peak. Some big jobs in cranberry equipment have been turned out by St. Jacques, these incuding items for the Makepeace dehydrating plant, Wareham, the big J. J. Beaton Company screen- house at South Wareham, and Cranberry Canners plants every- where. Has Definite Plans for After the War Next to the immediate problem of the winning of the war, most everybody is giving thought to the laying of plans for post-war. Some of this planning is vague, some already very definite. Mr. St. Jacques is one of those who has given the matter careful con- sideration and knows pretty well what he hopes to do. Having completely sold himself on the good future of the cranberry in- dustry he can see where he wants to go from the present. Mr. St. Jacques has studied the probable post-war needs of the cranberry industry and has definite plans for at least two new lines of cranberry equipment. Both of these would have much effect up- on future cranberry growing. He is planning to go full speed ahead v.'hen the time arrives. As he has great faith in the fu- ture of cranberries, he already has :. substantial start as a grower ;:mself, with plans for extension. H2 got off to a rather discouraging art as a grower, as he was one -,\ those who took a licking in the Fitftema MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT IS AN AID TO LOWER COST PRODUCTION 1944 Cranberry Equipment and Repair Situation is much more favorable. You'll want every mechanical aid possible for ob- taining greatest production. Your Separator Equipment should be checked NOW for necesary repairs. NEXT YEAR'S MACHINERY WILL STILL BE ON QUOTA AND RATIONED Place Your Order Early for Next Year's Machinery HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. New England hurricane of Sep- tember 21, 1938. Vines he had set were killed by the flood of salt water, setting him back about two years. As a matter of fact, he suffered a double loss in the hur- ricane. Six feet of salt water in the Hayden plant on Main street didn't do any good to his equip- ment and stock. He caiTied no hurricane insurance, as few in New England did. However, this is of the past now. He is a member of the New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany, and is also an independent member of Cranberry Canners, having joined the latter coopera- tive first. Since he is so sold on the future of cranberries, it is but natural he might hope his son would want to enter his business. It so hap- pens that his son, Robert, does. "Bobby" has worked for his father in the plant during summer vaca- tions. He is now in the Army, having completed two years in a mechanical course at Cornell Uni- versity. After the war he plans to finish this schooling and then carry on, as his career, the work his father began. Emile St. Jacques is one who was not handed any part of the cranberry industry by inheritance or environment. He is in it — up to his ears — by selection, and con- siders himself mighty fortunate to be. Sixteen Cranberry Growing In Wisconsin (Continued trom Page 7) cranberry men and some amateurs. By June, 1871, G. H. Smith, secre- tary of the Berlin Cranberry As- sociation, was receiving so many inquiries from various parts of the country "in reference to the par- ticulars of cranberry culture" that he made plans to publish a pamph- let on the subject. No copy of this pamphlet has been found, if indeed, it was ever published. In September of 1871 it is re- ported that "N. D. Rundell of Aurora harvested this season from 40 acres of marsh 1,000 barrels of cranberries, which he sold for $10,000, leaving him a clear profit of over $6,000. How is that for cranberries!" In another para- graph in the same number is stat- ed, "Our streets are filled with wagons loaded with cranberries from the marshes, and going to the marshes with empty barrels. A heavy frost at this time would do a large amount of damage to the crop. Cranberries are this week selling for from $10.00 to $12.00 per barrel." As good crops succeeded one an- other and prices continued high, new cranberry warehouses were built, residences were enlarged and new ones built. Some money was less wisely expended. There are the usual boom stories, including those of cigars lighted with $5.00 bills. Of course cranberry grow- ing was not entirely a "bed of roses," even in those early days Up until 1873 the only source of water on the Berlin marshes was that derived from impounded rain and melted snow. In that fateful year, however, following their 10,000 barrel crop, the Carey brothers bought two water pow- ers, one of which was located in Auroraville. From this a canal was dug by hand to bring water from Willow Creek to their marsh. The canal, a little over a mile in length, cost $7,000 (according to some reports $7,800). About ten years later another canal was dug fi-om Willow Creek to the marshes in the northeast corner of the area. As the water from this ca- nal came from a lower level it had to be lifted a shoi't distance by means of a large water wheel oper- ated by a steam engine. For over twenty years the Sacket marsh, one of the farthest from Willow Creek, had no other course of flooding water than that of the surface drainage held in the reservoir. Finally, however, its owner decided to tap the Fox River. As the river was a mile away and at low water was below the level of the marsh, this was no small undertaking. The dredg- ing was actuary done in the sum- mer of 1885, but preparations were begun early the previous winter. Wood in large quantities was (Continued on Page 20) A Statement About Pyrethrum Over 95% of the available supply of Pyrethrum is be- ing used by our Armed Forces to combat disease- carrying insects. Out of the amount available for non-military uses, the War Food Administration and the War Production Board have allocated a limited quantity to the cran- berry industry. The total amount allocated, how- ever, is far below the normal minimum requirements. During the coming season, each grower will have to use Pyrethrum judiciously and only when necessary to insure the crop. Cooperation with your experi- ment station and insecticide supplier will assist in the use of substitute or alternate materials. With victory, an adequate supply of Pyrethrum will again be available for agriculture. JOHN POWELL & CO., Inc. 14 E. 32nd St. NEW YORK, N. Y. Industry Shocked By Sudden Death of Charles S. Beckwith New Jersey Cranberry-Blueberry Scientist, 53, Suffers Heart Attack While Checking Frost Danger on Bog The cranberry industry suf- fered a severe loss this past month in the sudden death of Charles S. Beckwith, chief of Cranberry and Blueberry Experiment Station at Pemberton, New Jersey, of the New Jersey College of Agriculture, on Thursday, May 18. Mr. Beck- with's death of a heart seizure at the age of 53 is not only a great loss to the cranberry and blue- berry industries of New Jersey, but of blueberry and cranberry culture the country over. He was one of the pioneers in blueberry growing and had served the industry for a quarter century. Last year he with 33 other recog- nized agricultural authorities in the country, collaborated in the preparation of an encyclopedia of farming and his death removes a ranking scientific agricultural worker in his particular fields. Charles S. Beckwith died direct- ly in the line of duty, while per- forming a service to cranberry culture. He was stricken on the evening of May 18th while check- ing temperatures on the Rancocas cranberry bog because of danger of frost. He was taking temper- ature readings to determine if a warning should be issued for flood- ing. At the time he was accompanied by Frederick Chandler, an associ- ate, and J. B. Demaree, U. S. D. A. Seemingly in good health, he was stricken on the bog and pro- nounced dead a few moments lat- er. He had been undergoing treat- ment for a heart condition for some time, but on that night had not complained of illness. Born in Olean, N. Y., May 16, 1891, Mr. Beckwith was graduated in 1914 from Rutgers University, where he majored in horticulture. He joined the Rutgers staff im- mediately after as an assistant to Dr. Thomas J. Headlee, who re- tired this year as head of the en- Eiarhteen tomology department. In 1917 the New Jersey giowers petitioned the State Legislature to set aside funds for a cranberry substation. The grant was made and the sta- tion established in 1918 at Whites- bog, and Mr. Beckwith placed in charge. Since that time he had been New Jersey cranberry and blueberry specialist. In 1927 the office of the cranberry substation was transferred to quarters of its own at Pemberton and its program was extended to include blueber- ries. Investigations directed by Mr. Beckwith in the past have provided, among other benefits, methods of controlling the blunt-nosed leaf- hopper, carrier of false blossom. He supervised research leading to control of the blueberry fruit- worm which hit Jersey's blueberry industry to emergency proportions a few years ago. In addition Mr. Beckwith conti-ibuted to improve- ments in fertilizer formulas and practices, principles in the use of flooding water on cranberry bogs, and a method of overhead irriga- tion to prevent frost damage. Among the scientist's current re- search projects were investigations to find the carrier of the new blue- berry stunt disease and for further work on sanding practices on cran- berry bogs. Mr. Beckwith was recently elected secretary-treasurer of the Eastern Branch of Economic Ento- mologists. He was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the American Entomological Society. He was secretary and treasurer of the American Cranberry Growers' Association. He had also served as secretary of the New Jersey Blueberry Cooperative Associa- tion, which he helped to organize in 1927. He was a member of Sigma XI. Active in community life, the CUT COURTESY Tl M ES-AD VERTI S ER PEMBERTON. N. J. CHARLES S. BECKWITH scientist was mayor of Pemberton for two terms. He was an active and loyal member of the Rotary club and served as president in the tei-m 1930-31. He was a Mason, and active in Boy Scout work, and was a member of his local defense council. He is survived by his wife, Hil- da Stultz Beckwith, and two broth- ers. Earl P. Beckwith of Olean and Frank S. Beckwith of Dagsboro, Delaware. Masonic funeral services were held preceding the viewing at the Grobler Funeral Home Sunday evening, and final rites were held at the funeral parlors Monday afternoon. May 22, with Dr. H. D. Hummer officiating. Members of the Rotary acted as honorary pall bearers. Interment was in Odd Fellows cemetery. Doehlerf Named Acting Chief Charles A. Doehlert, who worked for many years with the late Charles S. Beckwith on problems of Jersey's cranberry and blue- berry industries has been appoint- ed .acting head of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station's cranberry and blueberry research lU Xeter xA. • A-^ e 1^ age CAPE COD CRANBERRIES PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 departments, succeeding Mr. Beck- with. This announcement is made by Dr. William H. Martin, director of the Experiment Station. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 11) UMay Dry — May was an exceed- ingly dry month, only .47 inches of rain falling, whereas the normal May fall for Southeastern Massa- chusetts is 3.5 inches. Temper atures were high. The extreme lack of rain is not favorable to crop prospects, and while the high temperatures may tend to increase the size of the crop it would tend to decrease the quality of the ber- ries. It was the driest May in Massachusetts in 118 years. when stricken, did not cause much, if any, damage in Jersey. On the morning of the 19th minimum tem- peratures were around 33 degrees and a low of 29 was recorded at one of the exceptionally cold bogs. For the following morning, the 20th, the Cranberry Station pre- dicted 30 degrees, but the area was strangely favored by rain shortly after midnight, which had been totally unpredicted, avoiding any frost on that morning. as he has been unable to get away from the University of Illinois be- cause of his teaching duties. As a matter of fact, he will probably spend very little time in Wisconsin as he will have some summer classes in Illinois. Illnsects — Fireworms as yet arc relatively light. Gypsies are plen- tiful generally, except inland ni; ! to the north, where they are lighk'i- than last year. WISCONSIN ^Estimate nchanged — Vernon Goldsworthy says at present there is no reason to change his original estimate of crop prospects of fi-om 115,000 to 125,000 barrels. The season is progressing satisfactorily so far. TI Enough Boxes — Ample supply of dusters is assui'ed for members of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany, in fact at the present time there are enough to take care of the an ticipated. 1944 production. Already growers are beginning to build up against 1945, when boxes may be just as critical. NEW JERSEY H Much Fireworm — Fireworm, how- ever are worse than usual, and spraying and dusting control will be extensive this year. ^ "DDT"— War Production Board has alloted Wisconsin a supply of DDT, the new '"mystery" insecti- cide and Sabadilla Dust and con- siderable experimental work is planned with these two new in- secticides this year. This same disastrous frost Massachusetts and the one wh Mr. Beckwith was checking v ^ Dr. Stevens— Dr. Neil E. Stevens will be in Wisconsin again this year but not until later than usual Washington-Oregon U Prospects Good — All along the "\v.v=-t Coast growers are hoping good crop this ysar, one will exceed that of last year. Nineteen Sprinklers have been turned on for frosts, but there have been no bad losses. Growers feel the outlook for a satisfactory production is very good. Cran. Growing in Wis. (Continued from Page 16) hauled from neighboring- wood- lands to furnish fuel for the dredge that was to dig the canal. On April 24, 1885, the dredge "Sawyer" (reputedly a govern- ment dredge) began work. The canal, which was a mile long, 40 feet wide and 4 feet deep, started from the Fox River at Sacra- mento. Sacramento was located a few miles down the river from Berlin. Its site is now marked only by a small cemetery and the remains of a bridge. A reporter from the Berlin Journal who vis- ited the digging operation May 29, bm -JJQ PROTECT THIS YEAR'S PROMISE FOR A PROFITABLE CRANBERRY CROP Use Black Leaf 40 in accordance with state recommendations for the control of Spittle Insect Blackheaded Fireworm Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Red-Striped Fireworm TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL CORP. Incorporated LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J. J. BEATON M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members- Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years 1885, reported that good progress was being made and that already the ditch was about half com- ^ pleted. Perhaps even more interesting than the canal itself was the pump- ing equipment. The pumps were brought from New Orleans. Each had its own power plant, which no doubt burned wood. We read of the two "boilers" and the two "smoke stacks." Before the final test which occurred on September 1, 1885, the inventor and manufac- turer of the pumps, and the engi- neer of Fairbanks, Morse and Com- pany came to inspect the equip- ment. No doubt they also super- vised the installation. At the "official test" which unfortunately was none too successful apparent- ly because of faulty construction of the flumes, there was a "large attendance." The errors of con- struction were soon corrected, and for years afterwards the starting of the "big pumps" was one of the sights to be seen and often an oc- casion for newspaper mention. Candor compels the admission that now, more than a half a cen- tury later, one finds an entirely different attitude toward these canals. It is the opinion of most students of Wisconsin cranberry ; problems that the use of alkaline ' water greatly increases the diffi- culty of growing cranberries. The water of Willow Creek and that of the Fox River is alkaline. One finds now in the publications of the Wisconsin Academy of Sci- ences, Arts, and Letters statements to the eflfect that the decline of the Berlin cranberry industry may well have been caused by the use of water brought by these canals. The decline certainly dates from that time. But in 1873-85 water was water, and the digging of these canals indicated enterprise and courage. (To be continued). JUNE FROST With the first two days of June unseasonably hot in Massachu- setts, the weather turned suddenly cold on Saturday, June 3, causing a frost warning to be sent out. Wind continued to blow all night and frost was averted, but on Sun- day Dr. Franklin again sent out warnings of 27 in the afternoon and for 28 at night. There was frost to at least as low as 29. Twenty WEST-JERSEY TELEGRAPH BRIDGETON, N. J. WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 27, 1847 Cranberries ?^ Asbel Burnham jyivos in the "Massa- chusetts Plowman" an account of the manner in which he has cultivated a third of an acre of cranberries. He commenced in April last, on a piece of loamy soil that had been in corn the previous year. He took the vines from a swamp, and set them out between the old corn-hills, without ploughing- or har- rowing. In some instances he cut up about four inches square of the turf of the cranberry bed. for making each new- hill, and in other instances he merely set a few vines; both, he says, did equal- ly well. On the first of June, he went over the hills with a cultivator, making the ground smooth and light. He hoed the plants, but used no manure at any time. The plants grew finely; about the 20th of July they blossomed, and have this season pi'oduced a very good crop of fruit — some of the hills a quart of berries each. After the date of the communication (9th Oct.) he states the vines covered, the whole ground. He sent a lot of the cranberries to the edi- tor of the "Plowman", who says they were the "largest and handsomest" he had ever seen. The editor, in making an estimate of the quantity of fruit produced on an acre, says: "One pint of berries on each hill, as far apart as bean hills, would give 125 bushels per acre." We see by the reports of the Ply- mouth county (Mass.) Agricultural So- ciety, that Mr. Abiezar Alger of West Bri&gewater, obtained a premium for a sample of cranberries from a crop of 295 bushels and 17 quarts from two acres of ground. This crop appears to have been the produce of a bog mead.ow. Mr. Burnham's experiment is the only one in regard to the cultivation of cran- berries on dry land, of which we have any results. ALBANY CULTIVATOR. Ml NOT FOOD PACKERS, INC. BRIDGETON, N. J. D. D. CONWAY, President s^^r •(cralb ^Tribune • uih.iru- inu, :„ i.h! /.il la Ihiiniuil- ^\\t ^m iork ^mt^.i Typical of the thousaiius of columns of cranberry publicity that appear each year through the efforts of the AMERICAN CRANBERRY EXCHANGE! rKCOCIN I IIMVj /Al\ 4' UVJo £,;3chusett; voiiege :ape cod new jersey wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO A. V. ANDERSON, Grayland. Wnshinprton, Record Producer (story inside) July, 1944 25 cents Jersey Blues Less than 1943 Sales Company, and the newspaper would be surprised at the produc- in a notice said that doubtless tion record of the cranberry grow- many thousands of its readers ers in the state of Wisconsin. The extremely dry weather of last August and early fall, when New Jersey blueberry buds were in the formative stage, is expected to show up in this year's Jersey crop and estimates have been made that the crop is cut by approxi- mately 20 per cent. This year's entire crop, officials of the Blue- berry Cooperative Association at New Lisbon are quoted as saying, is not expected to exceed 400,000 twelve-pint crates, compai-ed with an approximate 500,000 crate yield last season. Recent dry weather has held back some varieties, and growers with water available irrigated their fields. Jersey growers again this year are faced with a serious problem of obtaining a sufficient number of pickers and packers to handle the harvest. STORY OF WISCONSIN SALES COMPANY IS FEATURED The story of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company and its pooling system was the feature story in a recent issue of "Dairy- land News", Wisconsin's state farm newspaper. Copies were sent out through the cooperation of the ELECTRIC POWER Is America's Number One War Worker. It's the Life-blood of our all-out war production. It is a Vital Necessity. So waste none through faulty equipment. Proper maintenance of electrical appliances and wiring is important in meeting the heavy war-time requirements. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 - PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 I Another chapter is being- written in the saga of our his- tory. Our boys are mak- ing history — are we doing all we can? ■g-^j-j|^g^^|»^^;p^gg;fjy;^ii^s;p:xrx...~„^^ '•■''""•^"^~**"'''**"*'**'~'*~*'**°^'^'- Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin This flag now flies above Cranberry Canners, Inc. Plant No. 1 at Hanson, Massachusetts in recognition of the outstanding job done by our men and women in supplying dehydrated cranberries to the United States Armed Forces in 1943. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Mr. Cranberry Grower: Help us to help you by cutting logs early this com- ing season. For your 1945 supply of boxes and shooks, let's talk it over. Jesse A. Holmes & Son Mills at Center Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. The PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS PLYMOUTH MASSACHUSETTS Call C. A. STACKHOUSE LUMBER CO. Plymouth, Mass. A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDING MATERIALS WAREHAM 162 S. G. lyi. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used WE ARE YOUR LOGICAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY The COURIER PRINT SHOP Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — ONE BOARD. OR WAREHAM, MASS. Equipment for Hire A CAR LOAD Printers of Experienced Operators Tel. Plymouth 237 CRANBERRIES Tel. Hyannis 1169-W Contact Us Massachusetts Native HUBBARD Midd eborough White Pine Used for Cranberry Ferfi izers Insecticides Trust Company Boxes » MIDDLEBORO F. H. COLE MASS. Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks The Rogers k Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. Member of The Federal Deposit North Carver, Mass. Insurance Corporation Tel. 46-5 ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Masi. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 6; ARIENS7/7/&r THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION. WIS New Bulletin on Blueberry Fertilizer Out "Fertilizing Commercial blue- berry Fields in New Jersey", by Charles A. Doehlert, acting chief of the New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory, is a new iiublication by the New Jersey A^rricultural Experiment Station, Kutgers University, New Bruns- wick. This is Circular No. 483. The bulletin of eight pages dis- cusses a number of fertilizer prob- lems. Awarding of 'W To Cranberry Canners Impressive Ceremony Mass. Lt. Governor and Other Officials Bring Recognition to Cooperative at Brilliant Presentation before Large Attendance of Members and Guests — Business Meeting Votes for Complete Impartial Survey — Officers Elected Climaxing all meetings of Cran- berry Canners to date was the an- nual session at Plant No. 1, Hanson, Tuesday, June 27. This meeting brought Federal recogni- tion through the awarding of the "A" banner and pins and state recognition through the presence of Lt. Gov. Horace T. Cahill in bringing congratulations from the Commonwealth. The "A" award was established by the War Food Administration, cooperating with the War and Navy Depart- ments, which were represented on the platform, and it was designed to bestow on food processing plants whose production merited high honors. With Canners member- ship showing rapid and consistent gains, until it is estimated that Canners members produce a very large proportion of the total cran- berry crop, there were about 400 present for the morning business meeting and lobster salad lunch at noon, with this being gi'eatly augmented for the award bestowal ceremonies at three o'clock. The "A" award, represented by a flag whose verdant green sym- bolizes agriculture, a center design of a bountiful head of wheat, and a gear signifying full pi'oduction, and a blue "A", emblematic of outstanding achievement, is the first to be awarded to a processor in Massachusetts and one of only a very few throughout the country. A white star denotes an exception- al record for the current year, and each succeeding year an additional star is to be added for production that equals or surpasses the previ- ous year. High tribute was paid to the of- ficials of Canners, its members, and to employes for filling the al- lotted quota of dehydrated cran- berries from the 1943 crop for the needs of the armed forces, and stress was laid on the hope that this quota, increased to 1,500,000 pounds, could be again met this year. This figure, as it stands an- nounced at present, might be ap- proximately one-third of the total cranberry crop. Albert Hedler, Wisconsin director, was master of 'cerenioniies. "' Aqfual presentation of the award '■iv-as 'by Lt. Robert Graham, public rel^'tions officer of the Boston QuaVtermaster depot, and formal acceptance was by President Mar- cus L. Urann. Pin Citation was by John Sullivan, Regional direc- tor, Office of Distribution, War Food Administration. The raising of the "A" banner was symbolic on a small staff before the speak- ers' stand in the plant where the ceremonies were held, and a color guard of the Hanson Unit, Massa- chusetts State Guard, stood at at- tention. Token presentaation of "A" pins to employes was by David Salters of the U. S. Navy, son of Ralph E. Salters of New Bedford, member of Canners, and acceptance on behalf of the em- ployes was by Francis W. Clemons. There was martial music by the 319th Army Band of Camp Ed- wards, and Naval and Army offi- cers were among the guests on the platform. Highly impressive to the big gathering which filled to all sides the big section of the plant de- voted to the event were these cere- monies which officially honored last years achievement, fulfilling Government cranberry dehydration requirement of "war weapon No. 1, food". Vote for Complete Survey Outstanding in interest at the morning business session was the vote of members to approve the acts of the president and directors of the past year and of the pro- gram advised for the coming year, including a vote of the directors at an all-day session the day be- fore that a "thorough survey of Cranberry Canners be made by an organization of professional busi- ness analysis." This move was recommended to the directors by Mr. Urann as desirable in meeting changed conditions of the post-war era, and they had voted: Voted: That Charles L. Lewis, Isaac Harrison, Robert S. Handy and Marcus L. Urann, president ex officio, are appointed a commit- tee to arrange for and conduct a survey of the affairs of the corpor- ation, including but not limited to an appraisal of its physical assets, a study of products and by- products, operating efficiency of plants, and any other activities, either current or potential, with full authority to act. This sui-vey, as suggested by Mr. Urann, would include a study of the efficiency of the company, an appraisal of the plants and equip- ment, examination of the operation of its various departments, analy- sis of financial status, and to "delve into every phase of the company's setup and opei'ations". Of primary importance also to the members was the announce- ment by Auditor Harold W. Ellis that after paying six per cent divi- j. dend to stockholders and setting ?l aside 40 cents a barrel for re- serves, the payment to members for canned berries was closed at $13.00 a hundredweight, or $13.00 a barrel for the 1943 crop. Noteworthy also was the state- ment by President Urann in his annual talk that Cranberry Can- ners now has capacity to process 500,000 barrels when the need arises; that Canners has built up such a capacity to be in readiness to remove from the fresh market any amount of a large crop which would not be marketed fresh at satisfactory prices. He also said that as well as having this Can- ners now has the market neces- sary. M. L. Urann Mr. Urann's talk, informal in character, as always was a fea- ture of the day, and in connection with his mention of the market he said that with the extremely short crop Canners must not can over 50,000 in all its eight plants, or 500,000 cases, and this was in the face of a commercial demand for 3,000,000 cases. This neg'ect of the commercial market was giving him considerable concern, he added, but the Government order for 150,000 barrels must come first. He said Canners was not asking that members even try to give berries to meet this demand, but only that they provide enough to meet the dehydration require- ment and that they turn in to Canners all the berries which should be canned and give the high quality berries required for fresh marketing to that purpose. He said with the short crop prospects he had asked the Gov- ernment to cut the dehydration re- quirements, but that so far this had not been done and he had been told the Government was taking as high as 70 per cent of some crops and did not consider 30 per cent of the crop too much, if that was what the dehydraation pro- portion would amount to. Speaking of the last processing season, he said, "We have no time for funerals and I'm not complain- ing about last year, but 1943 was mostly one big headache. It was a mighty hard year." He told of the difficulty of getting even the simplest piece of equipment and of endless delays. He told how at one time there were 49 cars on the rails at Hanson and no place to put the contents. He told how (Continued on Page 18) Issue of July. 1944 — Voy. 9, No. 3 , ^ ; Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year;' ** ^^ Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham. Massachu.setts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. - FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C. J. H. 150 Jamaicans In Massachusetts Cranberry Area for Summer, Fall The Men Are Quartered at Former Army Camp at Ply- mouth— Many are College Students One huncred and fifty Jamaicans arrived in the Massachusetts cran- berry district the evening of June 19, coming directly from Jamaica to New York by boat and by train immediately to Boston and Ply- mouth, where they are making- headquarters. They were import- ed to relieve the cranberry labor shortage through arrangement with the War Food. Administra- tion representing the United States Government, the Jamaican Govern- ment and the Commonwealth of England. Their coming was arranged by Plymouth County Agricultural Agent Joe T. Brown and Frank White, in charge of farm labor, Brockton, and the cooperation of the particular employers who have contracted for their services. Their contracts run from June 20 through the picking season until Oct. 31. While in the Massachusetts cran- berry district they are quartered at Camp Manuel, South street, Ply- mouth, a camp just relinquished bv the U. S. Army Engineers. Th's camp has quarters for about H'O men, with several barracks and a mess hall. The groun is in charge of a camp manager, there is a steward and a headquarters per- sonnel of four or five. Individual contracts have been signed by five employers, these !>•,>- ing New England Sales Comp;iny, using 50; Cranberry Canners, Inc., 40; J. J. Beaton Company, 25, :ind the A. D. Makepeace Company, ;^>3. Sales Company is arranging foi :!.s share of this labor to be used ':^y individual members as reque>t-d, and Canners has something of 'he same arrangement. Each contractor must pr:- . ie transportation to and from le camp to the bog daily. Prevailing rate of cranberry pay, minimum 60 cents an hour, must be paid in ac- cordance with the contract. A por- tion of each man's pay is sent di- rect to Jamaica to the island gov- ernment where it is banked in the name of the employe, to make cer- tain the worker saves something from his season's work in the United States. Some of these men worked in the United States in agriculture last season in Pennsylvania, New Jer- sey, Wisconsin and Connecticut, on beans, hops, tobacco, or other crops. None, however, had worked on cranberries before, although some Jamaicans were employed on the bogs in New Jersey and Wis- consin last year. Cranberry em- ployes in these areas last year found Jamaican labor in general very satisfactoi-y. Last year farm- ers from the hill regions of Ken- tucky were brought to Massachu- setts for the harvest. Many of these, however, turned out to be very young. The Jamaican group ranges from 18 to 35 and many are college students. So far those in charge say they have shown an eagerness to get in as many hours a day as possible and have requested they be kept busy nine ana even eleven hours a day, rather than eight. Cranberry labor shortage is not expected to be nearly as acute this year, but it is believed plenty of work can be found for this group during the time of their contract. An addi- tional nuota will be made available for picking, if it is found neces- sary, and these will come in later in the season, if called for. It is not expected any prisoners of wa' or other labor group will be x'e- MASSACHUSETTS TIHalf a Crop?— The Massachu- setts crop is still being tentatively set at "rising 250,000 to 300,000 tops", or, as they are saying, "about half a crop." It is gen- eral'y estimated at 275,000 to 300,000 barrels, and in this Dr. Franklin, A. D. Benson, Sales Company, and others concuy. Many bogs have apparently made very good recovery from some of the injury of the extensive winter- kill and of the frosts. Some bogs with late-held water look very en- couraging, and there are consider- ably brighter spots, but, still, growers in general do not feel there will be more than the "half crop". Here and there growers have very good prospects. Some of this recovering now showing up may not produce good qua'ity, uni- form berries. tjlnsects Not Too Bad — Insect injury has not been severe this season, so far. In fact, losses from pests may be a little lighter than normal. Gypsy moths, how- ever, have been very, very bad in certain localities. The gii*dler, as Dr. Franklin feared, is showing up pietty bad on some bogs. Gypsies are described as "terrible" on Cape Cod, perhaps the worst ever. In Plymouth and Bristol counties the infestation has been "spotty", in fact rather remarkably so. One re? son why insects are no more s'jvere may be the unusual winter, • vl perhaps particulaily the two (Continued on V^r. 19) sted for assignment to the nberry cistrict as was discussed : spring. Five View of Sectioii of Grayland Bogs and Homes, with "Sump" in foreground on Shore PHOTOS IN THIS ARTICLE BY CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE Pacific Northwest Cranberry Growers All Enthusiasts They Foresee a Bright Future for Their Region, and Many Production Records Verify Their Faith — Coming of Cran- Berry Canners a Big Boost, and Success of Sprinklers Another — These "Working Cranberry People" Live In Beautiful and Temperate Strip Near the Coast. By CLARENCE J. HALL Pacific Northwest cranberry growing is a "thin, red line" of bogs clinging to the westernmost margin of the beautiful states of Washing- ton and Oregon, running north to south for a distance of approximately 500 miles. The business of cranberry cultivation, having crossed the continent from the edge of the Atlantic, has dug in, almost within spray reach of the Pacific breakers. It can go no farther west in the conti- nental United States. The earliest growers on Cape Cod built their bogs just back of the cunes of the sandy beaches, and the West Coast bogs are mostly within a mile or two of the ocean of the setting sun. Cranberry cultivation there is divided into four distinct areas. Each has its own differences and the whole is astonishingly different in many respects from Eastern or Wisconsin cranberry growing. Here, across the entire country, beyond the Rockies and the Cas- cades, cranberry growing seems almost as if of another world. Yet cranberry growing is cran- berry growing, and under the Six surface differences there is kin- ship with the older established cranberry regions, and this kin- ship has been strengthened with the recent affiliations with Cran- berry Canners and the American Cranberry Exchange for fresh fruit sales. Two regions are in the state of Washington, a state larger than all New England. The greatest cur- rent "boom" is at Gx'ayland, the northernmost of all, where are the largest number of growers and the largest production. Coos County, with Curry County, the south- ernmost, however, is a close chal- lenger of this enthusiasm and of production per acre. Grayland is a few miles to the south of Grays Harbor and the twin cities of Hoquiam and Aberdeen, the very heart of the gi-eat Northwest lum- bering industry. The other Wash- ington area is 100 highway miles south on Long Beach Peninsula, with Ilwaco the shipping point. This peninsula extends north up the coast for nearly 30 miles, the region being a coastal resort, very reminiscent of Cape Cod. About thirty miles to the south, and across the broad mouth of the Columbia river (by ferry) is Clat- sop County, Oregon, the third area. Then, after a long hop south of 250 road miles over U. S. Highway 101, justly described as one of the world's most scenic drives, where mountains march down to the sea- coast, is Coos Bay, and Coos Coun- ty, where in 1885 Charles Dexter McFarlin of Carver, Massachusetts, began ci'anberry activities on the Pacific. Still a little farther south now is extending the cranberry trail from Bandon to Port Orfoid, which is in Curry County and less than one hundred mi^es north of the famous Redwoods of Cali- fornia. Each of these districts wil! be taken up in more detail later. This article is intended to pfive a general overall impression. Pacific cranberry growing is an afrricnltural fringe of the domi- nant industry of Washington and Oreeon, an industry which likewise snrings from the soil — lumbering. Cranherrv growing is in. yet not of this, the greatest lumbering in- dustry in the woi'ld. However, it was lumbering which developed the Northwest, brought in the peo- ple, and some of those who are now growing cranberries or their par- ents have been in lumbering. These are mostly peonle from the northern countries of Eurone, and at Grayland 75 ner cent of the growers are Finnish and most of the others Norwegian or Swedish. The Country is Beautiful These are beautiful, beautiful states, Washington and Oregon. The spectacular scenery makes it difficult for the Eastei-ner with cranberry interests to get his mind down to the low-lying bogs. The great Cascades, a range of extinct volcanoes, running from Canada, north to south through both states and into California, divide Wash- ington and Oregon into a coastal area of fertility, industry and ac- tivity to the west, and to the east barren deserts. Both states, (Oregon the ninth in size in the Union), stretch from seacoast — which is no languid shore — to sandv wastes and sagebrush. The dividing line between the coastal region of much rainfaU, fertility and development, without ex- tremes of heat and cold, and the eastern region of plateaus and deserts, of extremes of heat and cold and of heavy snowfall, Is the summit of the snow-tipped Cas- cades. The climate of the coastal reg- ions, where grow the fine fruit crops of these states, is tempered by the close cutting in of the Jap- anese current. Here snowfall is a rarity and the grass is green the year around — and the weeds on bogs may grow ten months in the year. Heaviest rainfall in the United States, about 140 inches a year, is in the Olympics, the jagged peaks of which can be seen on clear days forty miles to the north of the Grays Harbor region. Rainfall a'ong the 500 thin miles of cranberry growing ranges from between 60 to 70 inches or more annually, although most of this falls in the so-called long "wet" season and the brief summers rre dry. The growing of small fruits has become an outstanding econ'>nic development in Oregon — Hood Riv- er apples, Rogue River pears, Dalles cherries, Wiiliamete River prunes, strawberries, raspberries, currants. Youngberries, and now cranberries. Washington has her famous app'e valleys, the Yakima and the Wenatchee; her apricots, cherries, sweet and sour, filberts, grapes, peaches, Bartlctt, and oth- er pears, prunes and cranberres. Cranberry growng is as yet, of course, relatively modest, but if enthusiasm spells success, partic- ularly at the extreme ends of this westei-n line of cranberry culture, success is assured. Of growers there are, all told, some 250 or more, and about 210 of these are now directly united with growers of other regions through Cranberry Canners. There is a strong little "independent" co- operative in the Southern Oregon area in the Coos Cranberry Co- operative whose voting member- ship is given as about 40; there is the Pacific Cranberry Exchange, made up chiefly of growers of the Long Beach region, relatively small in distribution, and a few who market their own berries. There are about 160 at Grayland, by report of Mrs. Maude O'Brien, book-keeper for Pacific Division Cranberry Canners; about 50 at Long Beach; five properties at Clatsop, and approximately 50 to 60 in Southern Oregon. This West Coast cranberry grow- ing is almost entirely made up of "small" growers. The average holding at Grayland is but two or two and one-half acres, and at Bandon, or the Coos and Curry counties area of Oregon owner- ship is not much larger. These West Coast growers are "working" cranberry men. Many made their own bogs and many maintain them almost entirely with the labor of their own hands, as- sisted sometimes and particular y at Grayland by the hands of their wives. They are real "down to the dirt" growers, as were the pioneer growers of Cape Cod and New Jersey. Amount of Acreage While West Coast cranberry growing is yet relatively small, as D. J. Crowley, Chief Washington State Cranberry Laboratory, Long Beach. compared to the eastern and Wis- consin areas, its possibility of growth is a matter obviously of importance to the growers of the older regions. Acreage in the report below for 1941 is given as 940, but matters in this region still pioneering in cranberries and other develop- ments are in a state of flux. New acreage is coming in, old acreage is still classed as cranberry acre- age which shouM not rightly be done so. West Coast growers say. This point, however, is also a large question in Massachusetts, rnd especially in New Jersey. The writer made a conscientious at- tempt to get some exact figures upon West Coast acreage in bear- ing at present and also upon pro- duction per acre, but with results which were rather conflicting and not entirely satisfying. Grayland District: 360 acres now of planted bog, according to Mrs. O'Brien, book-keeper Pa- cific Division Cranberry Canners, from figures based on a survey last summer by Einar Waara, a special cranberry assistant to the Agri- Production figures for the West Coast, given by the United States De}3artment of Agriculture, Bureau of Agri- cultural Economics Crop Reporting Service, are: Washington Oregon Total 1943 29,000 1942 40,000 1941 36,000 8,000 10,200 10,200 37,000 50,200 46,200 Acreage harv. 800 1940 25,200 140 12,300 940 37.500 Average Produced : 1930-39 12,480 4,640 17.000 Seven wT Sprinklers at Rolla Parrish Bog, Long Beach, Emile Hegre, left, Mr. Parrish facing camera, and W. S. Jacobson back to. cultural Agent, Grays Harbor County. A differing- report came in to this Magazine in reply to a letter to the U. S. D. A. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, from Agricultural Statistician, Acting in Charge, George R. Harvey, Seattle, Washington, who rep'ied "Our estimates showed there were 275 bearing acres in Grayland area in 1943, all of which were har- harvested. Long Beach (Ilwaco Area) : Combined agreement of D. J. Crow- ley, chief of the Washington Cran- berry Laboratory at Long Beach and Rolla Parrish, chairman Pa- cific Division of Cranberry Can- ners and the largest grower at Long Beach, was that approximate- ly 200 acres should be considered as cranberry bog in actual consist- ent bearing condition. The esti- mate of the Seattle bureau was "400 acres in bearing in 1943 of which only 320 were harvested." Discrepancies at Long Beach are easily accounted for, depending up- on where the estimater draws the line as to what is bearing bog. Admittedly much of the Long Beach acreage is run out and only occasionally harvested. Clatsop County ofYered no prob- lem, as there are but five growers, and Mrs. Gertrude Dellinger (Dell- moor Cranberry Company), own- ing about half, kindly ascertained cranberry acreage there as 43, 2 not in bearing. Acreage there has run as high as 140. "Bandon Area" or Coos and Cur- ry Counties: The consensus of a number of best informed was that bearing acreage is now about 150, with a great deal more coming in, being built, and to be built. Washington Expansion As to expansion possibilities on the Pacific Coast, Mr. Crowley said of Washington: "At least 5,000 more acres can be put in in Eight Grays Harbor and Pacific Counties and possibly more in other coun- ties." Of this possible expansion that at Long Beach was estimated by Mr. Crowley and Mr. Parrish as about 2,000. W. S. Jacobson, manager of Cranberry Canners at Giayland, estimated Gray'and pos- sibilities at 2400 and maybe more in that region and a great deal more in a new area at North Beach. Washington unquestionably has op- portunity for expansion as con- cerns suitable cranberry soil and location. Currently the new acreage at Long Beach is being increased by the 100 acres now built and to be planted this summer at the "Cran- euyma" property of the Guy C. Myers Cranberry Company. Oregon Possibilities At Clatsop there is much unde- veloped peat soil, suitable to cran- berry bog, but in Coos and Curry counties the amount of peat was bf^lieved to be somewhat limited. "The Cranberry in Oregon", bulle- tin of the Oregon Agricultural Co'lege by the late Prof. W. S. Brown, 1927, gives approximately 500 to 600 acres in Oregon, not then planted, as suitable to cran- berry growing. Since the publi- cst'oi rf this bulletin, which is the latest issued, growers of Coos and Curry counties have been planting on soil described as "black muck", or "humas" said to contain acid volcanic ash. On this soil Bandon area growers are producing top crops. Of this type of soil there is a very considerable quantity. This is the soil upon which the Cape Blanco Company of the Uranns, Miss Stillman, and Joseph Stankavich are bui'ding and a part of the bogs of E. B. Fish and his son, Sumner, conceded to be top Bandon area producers, con- sists. They value it highly for cranberry growing. Production Per Acre What most growers would like to know is the production per acre these West Coast bogs are aver- aging. In many individual in- stances there are unquestionably some wonderful crops. However, with a total average which is diffiT cult to determine satisfactorily, any effort to definitely set average T" production per acre is best not attempted here. The McFarlin is definitely the predominant berry of the Pacific Northwest, and the McFarlin is a berry big in size. There is also the Stankavich, which was devel- oped on the Coast by the late father of Joseph Stankavich, and there are also some Searls Jumbo, sizeable Wisconsin variety. This region, with its abundant rainfall, is where all plant life seems to grow big, and it is of "big" crops that the growers tell. West Coast growers, including Jacobson, Parrish and Crowley, will agree that at Grayland the production for good bog, properly taken care of, is 100 barrels per acre, and this figure can and does run to 175, 200 and more barrels an acre. "When good growers at Gray'and get as little as 100 bar- rels an acre they call it a poor year", the writer was told. Making no attempt to claim this is actual acreage production, Mr. Crowley says the Peninsula and Clatsop could get as good produc- tion on McFarlins if the bogs were given, and had always been given, equally good care. "It is only this lack of care and the false start (at Long Beach) with the badly- bui't bogs of the boom, that make production at the Peninsula and Clatsop inferior to Grayland. In fact, half a dozen growers do get equally good production. But these bogs are all small, and given intensive care. The production at Long Beach for McFarlins on these good bogs is 100 barni an acre or more", said Mr. Crowli y. At Clatsop, Mrs. DellinKc for the 22 acres of the Dellmooi- ; om- pany for the ten year avc age (1934-1943), by her records shows 51.5 barrels per acre. Victor An- derson, top producer there on five acres has averaged 78.5 ba. rels per acre, according to his records over a period of 16 years. (These are Searles, Bennetts and Howes, not McFarlins.) A. H. Feisilman, four acres, gives his average as 75 barrels to the acre, top about 100. For Coos and Curry Counties, where cranberries are not grown entirely upon peat but on the "Bandon" soil as well and condi- tions are different, production is considered equally as good. In 1942, Fish and son sold fresh, 4,950 quarters from 5 acres, a production of nearly 250 barrels to the acre. Others in Southern Oregon tell of exceptionally ^arge crops per acre. Statistics Pride in occupation is commend- able, and pride in cranberry grow- ing is in degree of production (and quality), and West Coast growers are proud of production scores they have hung up. Cold statistics, however, do not always quite come up to what misjht be indicated, and following is the fuller report of the Washington State Bureau of A gricultural Statistics and the Oregon Bureau, previously quoted, as to estimatos of acreage and production: Washington Bureau "We compiled, a few months ago, estimates of the yield per acre of cranben-y bogs in the Grays Harbor and Pacific County areas, as part of State estimates. These bogs are more commonly known out here as the Ilwaco area (the southern part of Pa- cific County) and the Grayland area (including Grays Harbor County and the northern part of Pacific County). There are a few acres in addition, scattered in western Washington. Our es- timates showed that there were 275 bearing acres in Grayi-ind area in 1943, all of which was harvested, with a yie'd of 73.9 barrels per acre, based on total production (including unharvest- ed tonnage), and 68.0 barrels, based only on the harvested pro- duction. In the Ilwaco area, we estimated there were 400 acres bearing, of which only 320 were harvested; with a yield of 19.1 barrels, based on total, an 1 17.6 barrels based on harvested jiro- duction. Similar figures for 1942 for the Grayland area 'ere 265 acres bearing and harvo: ed; 74.3 barrels yield on total pro- duction, and 70.1 barrels p; icre on harvested production. F the same year in the I'.waco a we estimate 420 acres bearing; 320 acres harvested; with a yield of 16.7 barrels on total production and bearing acres, and 13.7 bar- rels on harvested production and bearing acres. You will no doubt be surprised at the acre- age unharvested these two years in the Ilwaco area. Frankly, the acreage which is left unhar- vested in this area is very diflri- cult to estimate, as a consider- able acreage in this area is not well cared for and only harvest- ed if a profitable crop sets. In addition to the acreage which is not hai'vested, there is more which is not well cared for, thus reducing the yields in the Fwaco area to a figure much below that in the Grayland area, where bogs are for the most part small in size and well cared for. We believe most of the un- harvested tonnage in the Gray- land area is attributable to labor difficulties, and the same reason will apply in part to the Fwaco area, although light yield alsr accounts for a part in that area. It is entirely possible that our estimate of the amount of un- harvested tonnage in the Ilwaco area is not great enough in 1943, as we only estimated an unhar- vested yield of 400 barrels on 80 acres." Oregon Bureau "During the last five years, that is from 1939 to 1943, inc., the yield of cranberries in Ore- gon has ranged from a low of about 42 barrels to the acre to a high of 88, with the average for the five year period about 66 barrels," writes Niels I. Niel- sen, statistician. (USD A Reporting Service, De- cember, 1941, gave the Washing- ton yie d per acre as 45.0; Oregon, 73.0; United States average (that year) as 26.4.) Even if these figures, which take in good, bad and indifl'erent pi'op- erties, do not run to the 100 barrel and more production of the best of the West Coast bogs, they show that the West Coast is getting some very good cranberry produc- ion. For this good production there must be reasons. Reason for Production Mr. Crowley suggests that cli- matic conditions at blossoming time may account a good deal for the heavy yield, as growei's do not have to flood for frost protection, so there can be no consequent crop loss due to flooding practices. Other reasons which suggest them- selves are the large size of the berries, the fact that most of the bogs have been hand picked with- out heavy scooping ^oss, the short vines, the extreme freedom from weeds due to intensive care given the best bogs, and to the long growing seasonw which allows all berries to fully mature. The quality of taste is naturally of importance, and West Coast growers admit a difference between the Western-grown cranberry and Eastern, just as there is a differ- ence between b'^rries - grown in other cranberry a.eas. Mr. Crow- ley and others say ti.e McFarlin grown in the West has a thinner skin and the berry is not quite the same and they insist its flavor is the equal '^f the eastern (possibly a little less acid or "sharp"). Many who have eaten both, they say, do prefer the flavor of the Western cranberry. "Neither one is better than the other" says Mr. Crowley. "It is simp'y a matter of eating habit. Those who are accustomed to one kind like that Level, beautifully-vin; of E. R. Ivie al Handon Nine kind, those who are accustomed to another like that." Growing Practices DiflFerent In this far western land, where the Scotch broom and the Irish furze are bright, bright yellow along the roads in the spring m, daffodils and roses bloom in Feb- ruary, the giant trees stretch into the blue of the sky, and moss trails from their branches where the sun does not reach; where a black bear "imbled across a main road in front of the car of the writer and where wild e'k came down to the car of M. L. Uiann and party, begging for tobacco, as is their custom in one locality — many practices of these cranberry growers are nat- urally much different. As snow seldom falls, and the temperature does not drop as it does in the cold winters of Wisconsin or in New England or New Jersey, it is not necessary to winterflow. Some bogs, however, are covered with natural winter seepage and also by in^^ent, as at Bandon, where the winter water is used by some for control. There can be, and some- times is a Mttle winterkilling, bu usizally only in years when tem- peratures have been high all win- ter and February and March turn cold. In this land of long, "wet" sea- sons, and briefer, dry summers, growers sprinkle their bogs. At Grayland and Long Beach this is primarily for frost protection, most> in the spring, and in South- ern Oregon it was primarily for irrigation against dryness and heat. They now use sprinklers for both purposes. Water from "Sumps" Growers get their water in some regions not from brooks or ponds, but by digging a "sump" on the sho. . or on the bog itself, and from these boarded-up wells they have an almost never-failing s'^o- ply, sufficient for frost protection and to irrigate at an estimated tenth of the water supply ditch irrigation would require. Sand Pumped from Ground They get their sand directly from the beach, as did the first growers of Caps Cod. They pump it up from under the ground by sand scows and they get it from sand pits, as in other regions. This sand in general may be a little liner than Eastern sand.. Their peat swales are rich and deep, although possibly the peat is little less fibrous than in Massa^ chusetts. The greatest difference between East and West is not in the peat, says Mr. Crowley, but ■P'hat is in general under the peat. In the east there may be clay be- neath the peat, which holds the hrioisture, whereas the peat in the Ten West is underpaid with sand. This sand under a bog loses its mois- ture quickly. While summers are not as hot, 85 degrees is called "a heat", which has vines and grow- ers gasping for relief. Most of the better growers treat the bogs with the respect with which a fine coverage of cranberry vines should be accorded. The amount of tramp- inq; ?bout on many an eastern bog would drive these growers to dis- traction. They build board walks over their ditches and make cross walks, doing all the work possible from these walks. Railroads Over Board Walks Over these ditches and ooard- wplks they straddle a miniature railroad track with a hand car to carry their sprayer and to haul off berries. They own the most elab- orate of spray equipment, partic- ularly the growers of Grayland and Long Beach. They spray eight and nine times a season. Insect control is difficult, and spraying costs can be $100 to $150 an acre. Fruitworm and blackheaded fire- worms are the major pests now in Washington and northern Ore- gon. Southern Oregon bogs are generally more firee from insects, but there is girdler and caddice fly trouble this year. Few pests have aiTived there yet. Too Windy for Dusting No ducting is done on the West Coast. Winds are too strong. Dusting has be'^n tried experiment- ally, and for other crops, as well as cranberries, but has not proven suc- cessful. With frequent rains mak- ing sprays less effective, and if pests come in increasingly, as in- sect pests do, the thought occurs that insect troubles may increase. Can Control Weeds Because of the mild climate and abundant rainfall, wood control must always be a proM3m to the West Coast grower, yet on the bogs which are really well kept, growers do not consider weeds a real menace. Scrupulous weeding when the bog is bui't and intensive weeding until it is relatively free is the solution. Growers know if weeds ever get ahead of them they have a battle which can hardly be WGii. So they win this battle be- fore it starts by not giving weeds a chance. Among the worst weeds are grasses and sedges, common and large horsetail, both of which were cai^sing trouble this year. Loosestrife is there, believed to have been imported from Cape Cod along with crarberry vines. An aggressive lot are these growers. They are ingenious in their ways and methods to over- come obstacles of every kind. To get their crops harvested in this time of labor shortage, when they are probably even harder hit than other cranberry sections, they have built suction picking machines and some even sluice off the berries onto a huge frame. They dry «coop, water rake, and hand pick. "Yest Coast picking costs are hi( ac- quaintanceship among them. Grow- ers along this thin Pacific line of cranberry growing for the first time have an opportunity to be- come acquainted with each other. Before, districts and growers were more or less strangers. There is also the strengtl' ning visible fact that they are of a national cooperative in th Id- ings they now own as mer. of A. V. Anderson Produced Top Grayland Crop A. V. Anderson, whose photo- graph, snapped at his bogside at Grayland appears on this month's cover, has produced the top crop to date of the West Coast, and probably of any grower anywhere. This was in 1941, when on two acres he raised 2,500 quarters or 625 bari'els, which is 312 barrels to the acre. That year he actually picked an estimated 600 boxes in addition, which did not figure in his crop returns. The ber- ries were so thick he had 17 berries on one single upright. T ast year he harvested "only about 1,000" boxes, but in 1942 he got 1,750. Even his "poor" year of last season is nothing to be ashamed of, about 125 barrels to the acre. Affable, likeable Mr. Ander- son is Swedish, an ex-lumber mill manager, who was engaged 'n the saw mills for 38 years before going to Grayland seven years ago to grow cranberries. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson live in a new and attractive house at the "head" of their bog. The "ower part (as is frequently the Grayland custom) is a cran- berry storehouse. Their kitch- en (as also seems a Grayland custom) has every modern elec- trical advantage, and they hos- pitably serve afternoon coffee and cakes to visitors. They have two small pickers' cabins (rent free) so nicely turned out that on Cape Cod near the shore they could be used as fine summer cabins. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have relatives in Western Massachusetts and so have visited the East and Cape Cod bogs. Canners. A brief mention of them is made. West Coast Canners Properties At Grayland, with membership of 160 odd, there is the dehydrat- or, where last year approximately 11,000 barrels were processed for the Government. This is in a building of coi'rugated iron, 60x 120, and this system is one for- merly used for dehydrating prunes. It was installed by M. C. Carson of Vancouver, who has built and operated prune dehydrators for many years. With two chambers, it has a capacity of 275 barrels a day in 24-hour operation. About 30 per cent of the Grayland crop was processed in this way ast year. There is also a temporary canner in the former office building Informal snap of Rolla Parrish, Chair- man, Pacific Division, Cranberry Can- ners, Inc. of the Grayland Cranberry Grow- ers' Association which Canners has purchased, and this last year re- placed the new cannery at Mark- ham, destroyed by fire. At Markham (north- of Gray- land), rail end from Aberdeen, is being rushed the new cannery, to replace the one burned. It is con- fidently expected to be in operation this fall, with an aim of about 1200 cases or 120 barrels a day, in glass at first, with a tin line to replace as soon as possible. The goal of these two plants is approximate'y 400 barrels a day. At Long Beach, under direction of Mr. Parrish, is a freezer for Canners members there and at Clatsop County, these totalling about 28. This modc^rn freezer has a capacity of about 6.000 bar- rels. Cranberry Canners of Coos and Curry Counties are provided a big cannery, 240x84 feet wide at Co- quille, this being on a spur of the Southern Pacific, connecting the city of Eugene and Myrtle Point. This building formerly housed a manufactory making battery sep- arators of Port Orford and white cedar lumber. It was bought by Canners in July 1942. There are two kettles and last year, at peak of processing, about 25 were em- ployed. Here is capacity for much expansion in Southern Oregon. At this Coquille cannery fresh fruit is a'so packed for members ;ind here shooks are being made ^'lom lumber cut at the Cape Blan- .0 property of the Uranns. There ^le two dry kilns. Both eastern •nd western type "ititched" boxes nre being made. Capacity will be at least 3500 boxes a day. These (Continued on Pa^e 13) Eleven ifr July -4, /776 cm Mcbtmi Ju.MekSu^llot wdk'C£/c^am i^^ .:?:Si«*^ Keep On Buying Bonds AND KEEP THE LIBERTY BELL , RINGING Our State was born fighting for its rights; and we are fighting now! This is the 26th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass.' i^ditMa: ISSUE OF JULY, 1944 Vol 9 No. 3 {^^^'^^'^'^'^ ALL AREAS NEEDED THis is a year when the cranberry indus- try is lucky that cranberries are grown in diversified areas. Last year Massachu- setts produced a little i/:ore than 70 per cent of the total crop, and most years "Cape Cod" can be depended upon to furnish the bulk of the nation's cranberry crop. This year estimates indicate that Massachusetts may not produce more than about half the crop and this is a year when cranberries will be in great demand, and the Govern- ment alone is asking for 150,000 barrels. The lesser-producing districts will have to come to the rescue this fall in maintaining some semblance of a cranberry supply. Early indications are that these areas, Wisconsin, New Jersey and the Pacific Northwest will be able to step into the breach. If the Pacific Coast can add 50,000 barrels to the total crop, and that is by no means an impossibility, the industry as a whole should eagerly welcome this production. It can never be known when Nature may "crack down" on a given area, as she did in Massachusetts this year in winterkilling and frosts, and a wide-spread industry makes for strength. Over-pro- duction is not an immediate bugaboo, at least and, with present canning capacity, shouldn't be for years to come. Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon CRANBERRY growers may join in the pride of Cranberry Canners oflficials and members in the r'^cognition of the cranberry industry in the awarding of the "A" to canners for its "high record of pro- duction and cooperation in supply ing food to the Armed Forces. Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application Pacific Northwest (Continued from Page 11) shooks come from the sawmi'l at Cape Blanco. In this Cape Blanco cranberry project with 22 ^/i acres of a la- /er- planned area now nearing co: ple- tion, and in the saw mill the; e vvith extensive lumber supplies, thf •" is further factual evidence of f ' ith in West Coast cranberry gr ing by Mr. Urann. Associated ith the Uranns and Miss Eller. ill- man in this is "Joe" Stank ch. Mr. Stankavich is one of th est known and active of West ast growers, with a life-long in- berry experience and kno ige inherited from his pioneer father, developer of the Stankavich va- riety. More will be told about "Joe" Stankavich and the Cape Blanco project later. Of the West Coast crop last year Cranberry Canners reports a total handled of 22,542.-34 barrels, 7,645 fresh and 14,896.59 processed. Largest quantity was at Gray- land: 6,.399.75 fresh, 10,518.63 canned; Long Beach: 230.50 fresh, 2,860.89 canned; Clatsop: 599.00 fresh, 399.13 canned; Bandon area: 416.50 fresh, 1,111.90 canned. Mr. Jacobson reported that ev- ery berry at Grayland suitable for fresh fruit was shipped fresh, but a large part of the Pacific Coast crop this past season was of ten- der quality, owing to heavy rains, frosts, several hot spell.';, and water raking. Bandon Area Berries Berries from the Bandon area, which, as elsewhere, are chiefly McFarlins with Stankavich second, bring top prices on the fresh mar- ket for Western berries. A con- siderable part of the crop of South- em Oregon is sold f/'-h. E. R. '•ie, president Coos Cranberry Co- -rative which sell-, its members rries entirely as fresh fruit, gives -ales as 17,000 quarters or 4,250 oarrels, and in 1942; 23,000 quar- ters or 5,750 ba: iis. ;More about the Wt:: Coast next month) Thirtceo Development of Cranberry Crowing in Wisconsin By NEIL E. STEVENS and JEAN NASH (Reprinted with permission from the WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, March 1944). (Continued from last month) The problem of a more adequate water supply had to be met in central Wisconsin also. It became particularly acute in the dry years of 1892-95. Here, as elsewhere, the growers faced the water prob- lem with courage, optimism, and even humor. A. C. Bennett inti- mated to the growers that if they had any sense they would be down in Louisiana raising alligators in- stead of in Wisconsin raising cran- berries. He said rightly, "None of us can form a true conception of what can be accomplished with a never failing supply of water." The Cranberry Growers Associ- ation delegated to Andrew Searles the task of investigating the pos- sibility of artesian wells. He drilled at Walker, on the Bennett marsh, on the Arpin marsh, and at the experiment station, always without success. Windmills were tried, also with smaH success. Fin- ally Andrew Searles dredged on his own marsh a two and a half mile ditch for water storage. This was a great step forward and since then many similar deep ditches have been dredged. Finally in 1933 the growers in Cranmoor dis- trict constructed a canal twelve miles in length from the Wisconsin River at a cost of $50,000. In most of the newer northern marshes, water for flooding is taken direct- ly from natural lakes or streams. Sometimes such a stream is dammed to form a reservoir. Frost and Frost Warnings Frost has long been a major hazard to cranberries — wild or cul- tivated. In the early days nothing could be done to prevent it, but the danger was well recognized. In 1868 estimates of the losses due to frost in the Berlin area ran as high as four-fifths of the entire crop. In 1871 some individuals estimated their losses from frost to be as high as 15,000. On Sep- tember 7, 1877, the Berlin Courant wrote (as though reporting a horse race), "No frost yet, but cranberry men restless." They were not only restless; they were thinking and planning. Very likely the first attempts at frost prevention were by fire. At least as early as 1877, some cran- berry growers had equipped their marshes with specially constructed large iron pans in which to burn tar to prevent frost injury. As marshes and water supplies were improved, it was realized that fi-ost losses could be reduced or perhaps eliminated by flooding the marshes. But for adequate protection the growers must have some warning of approaching cold weather. In 1883, C. E. Morgan of Madison suggested that much could be done "to counteract frosts through the signal corps in Wash- ington and by minute guns echoing the warning over our marshes." It hsould be explained here that what is now the United States Weather Bureau was then part of the United States Army. Its first cranberry frost warnings were sent, no doubt, by telegraph, to Berlin in 1885. In the Wood County area in 1892, a novel warning sys- tem was instituted with the help of the railroads which displayed frost signals from the trains as they passed through the cranberry district. Now of course frost warnings are received by radio. With these warnings and with minimum temperature thermom- eters, standard equipment on all marshes, frost losses have been re- duced to a minimum. The cran- berry growers are, however, still "restless" on frosty nights. Planting and Sanding The earlier marshes contained, of course, only wild vines, but planting selected vines on cleared land was begun at an early date. We read in the Berlin Courant for November 7, 1867: "Art is supplanting nature in a good many instances, with the best prospect of favorable results. Mr. J. Montgomery of this city is pre- paring a field in Seneca which ought to produce a large field, and of the finest quality. He takes off the bogs*, and covers the turf with sand to the depth of five to six inches, in which the vines are planted. He has taken great pains to select vines which bear large and first quality fruit, and expects the harvest will prove the wisdom of the careful preparation and se- lection of plants. He will get five or six acres thus prepared and planted this fall, at an expense of of about $100 an acre." Credit for introducing this meth- od of culture into the Wisconsin Valley is given by Andrew Searles to his neighbor, R. S. Smith, who "had read a book on cranberry cul- ture." When he first saw the small field which Smith had plant- ed by this method, it was three years old, and Mr. Searles thought it "the finest thing in cranberries" he had ever seen. Sand (really gravel) is now much used in Wisconsin on beds newly prepared for planting. It is a^so used on old beds every third year or so to anchor runners, in- crease the growth of new uprights, and retard weeds. Varieties All the named varieties of cran- berries now grown and sold are merely selected wild vines which have been vegetatively propagated. The first cranberry vines produced by artificial crossing are now un- der test. Very early, however, cranberry growers recognized that there were great differences in wild cranber- ries. Refei'ence has already been made to the fact that in 1867 J. Montgomery in planting his vines had "taken great pains to select vines which bear large and first quality fruit." In 1871 John B. Vliet of Dartford planted "cran- Fourteaa berry vines" of a choice variety obtained from New Jersey." These may we"I have been the first vines imported from another state. We have abundant evidence that many jfrowers in gathering wild vines for planting took care to select the vines with the better fruit. The first attempt systematically to as- semble and compare selected ma- terial was made by Wisconsin growers in their Experiment Sta- tion in Cranmoor. As described by J. A. Gaynor in the Wiscnosin State Horticultural Society's An- nual Report for 1899, their plan of action was as follows: "We rented one-fourth of an acre which we scalped and sanded and divided into 185 squares, each con- taining 64 square feet. We then proceeced to collect all the varie- ties of cranberries we could find. By writing to parties at every lo- cality in which cranberries are grown, we got, and planted at the Station vines from Massachusetts, Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, Michigan, and the various cran- berry districts in Wisconsin." If the work then begun could have been continued with the same vision, how much smoother would have been the path of those who again took up the same problem in Wisconsin in 1925. Only one Eastern variety has made a large place for itself in Wisconsin. This is the McFarlin, named, like a number of other va- rieties, for its discoverer. Thom- as Huit McFarlin, a member of a well-known cranberry family, dis- covered and cultivated this variety in the town of Carver, Massachu- setts, as early as 1870. A number of Wisconsin varieties have attained some prominence. Of these only one, the Searls, is now being planted extensively. With reference to the origin of this variety Andrew Searls said mod- estly in 1928, "The experiment which has given me the most sat- isfaction is the cultivation of a va- riety of cranberry I found grow- ing wild in our swamp about 1S93. This variety, known as Searls Jumbo, has been marketed for nearly twenty years." Well i'ight he take satisfaction in this di-'ov- ery. The Searls is today our lost productive variety. Its discovery may well be considered the most important sing'e step in the de- velopment of the Wisconsin cran- berry industry. Other Cranberry Problems Next to frost, insects have prob- ably given cranberry growers greatest concern. Very early in the development of the industry near Berlin reports of their work occur. On July 25, 1867, there was printed in the Berlin Courant un- der the appropriate heading, "Bad for the Cranberries", the following paragraph: "We are informed that an in- sect has made its appearance among the cranberries on some of the marshes in this vicinity which promises total destruction of the crop the present year. What is the peculiar nature of the animal or whether any of the marshes are exempt from its ravages, we are unable to say." From the date of its appearance it seems safe to assume that the insect here referred to was the blackhead fire worm — still con- sidered by most Wisconsin grow- ers, cranberry enemy number one. There is another report of "sad havoc" caused by the worms on July 24, 1875, and the next year the term "fire worm" was used. Of course there are many other insects injurious to cranberry vines. Some of them are very serious. There are even other fire worms. But except for a culprit convicted about fifteen years ago which will be mentioned in our dis- cussion of false blossom, the black- head fire worm is usually the most serious of all insects in Wisconsin. To attempt a history of insect control would take us far afield. It would certainly have to include the attempt made as early as 1888 to destroy "the moth that injures the cranberries" by building fires at night, but there is one means of insect control which is unique. That is the flooding of marshes at critical periods to drown the in- sects. Just when flooding was first employed as a means of insect con- trol is not known, but the practice must be old, as time is measured in cranberry culture. Apparently it originated somewhere in the East. Andrew Starls said in 1928 that he read about it in some arti- cle written by a New Jersey man. He and other growers used flood- ing as a means of insect control in Wisconsin well before 1908. Since that time most of the known insect poisons have been tried on cran- berry insects. So have most of the methods of applying those poisons: hand machines, power sprayers, power dusters, and airplanes. Many of them have their place, but flooding, despite all its known drawbacks, still remains a "very present help in time of trouble." * If you are not accustomed to this use of the word bog, remember that the account was published in 1X67 and refer to your Century Dictionary, which will explain that one meaning of the word bog is "a little elevated piece of earth in a marsh or swamp filled with roots and grass." The numerous insects which af- fect Wisconsin cranberries are found in other cranberry regions as we'.l. This is true also of the various fungi which cause fruit rots of cranberries and which have been so extensively studied in the East. There is one major cran- berry disease the history of which belongs particularly to Wisconsin. The disease we now know as "false blossom" was first discovered in Wisconsin. It was first carried to Massachusetts and New Jersey in Wisconsin vines and used to be known in those states as "Wiscon- sin false blossom." False blossom is the type of disease which is most difficult to deal with effectively. A plant once affected, apparently never recovers. Too rarely is such a plant killed by the disease. The name, "false blossom", de- scribes the most obvious symptoms. Diseased plants produce mal- formed, distorted flowers, few of which set even a small berry. Attention was attracted to the disease as of commercial import- ance in the Mather, Wisconsin, region, following the planting there, about 1900, of considerable areas of vines of the Palmeter, Berlin, and Metallic Bel! varieties from the region about Berlin, Wis- consin. By 1905 or 1906 false blossom had become prevalent in these varieties and since that time has become so severe that their cultivation has been materially re- duced. It is significant that within Fifteen Increase Production and Lower Costs With Proper Mechanical Equipment 1944 Cranberry Equipment and Repair Situation is much more Favorable. Take full advantage of it. YOUR SEPARATOR EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE CHECKED WITHOUT DE- LAY, and any necessary repairs made. Next Year's Machinery will Still be on Quota and Rationed. Place your orders early for the machinery you will need. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. this period, the McFarlin, which here, as elsewhere, has proved high resistance to false blossom, became the most important named variety in Wisconsin, and the Ben- nett, which is able to produce a crop in the presence of the disease but is more susceptible than the McFarlin, became the second named variety of importance. False blossom reached the Mas- sachusetts cranberry area, the largest in the world, in small ship- ments of Wisconsin vines about 1895 and during the earlier years of this century. It reached New Jersey in the same way about 1909. Since then it has spread widely in these states. By one of these ap- parently needless accidents all too common in the history of American agriculture some of the most seri- out present-day infestations in Wisconsin were caused by the re- shipping of diseased vines into the state. We have known since 1929 that false blossom is a virus dis- ease spread by a leaf-hopper. Present-day control methods are directed largely toward the elim- ination of this insect. Someday a special chapter will be written on the tools and ma- chines used in cranberry culture. Many of them are unique — de- signed by cranberry growers or based on suggestions made by them. This applies particularly perhaps to the machines used in grading and packing the crop. There are weed hooks, sod knives, sod hooks — "stampers" for plant- ing on peat. There is also a sand- ing machine and one for planting vines. Special mention should be made of the clipper, now used in one form or another for weed con- trol on most cranberry marshes. This was first developed by Isaac Harrison of New Jersey about 1928 and consists essentially of a set of rapidly revolving knives powered by gas or electricity. These knives are suspended from a frame. Carried by two men at a level just high enough to clear the tops of the vines, this machine cuts every weed which is taller than the vines themselves. Harvesting The cranbei'ry harvest has al- ways been colorful. Tradition has it that in days before marshes were cultivated a kind of "squatter sovereignty" prevailed. A family would choose some favorable area, camp on an island near-by, and guard their find, with shot-guns if necessary, against all comers. Presumably the berries were guard- ed until the legal time for picking, or at any rate until they were picked. Rakes were apparently used to some extent in such har- vesting. In fact, no one seems to know just when the cranberry rake was developed. It seems to be na- tive to Wisconsin. At least the rakes used during the last thirty years are quite different from rakes (there called scoops) used in Massachusetts and New Jersey. In the Berlin area all of the ear- ly crops were picked by hand. Large crops meant many pickers. In 1869 the Berlin Courant noted that "every available man, woman and child had been set to work to secure the crop." In subsequent years the paper repeats the call for pickers. In September, 1871, it stated, "A large number of pickers are wanted to work on marshes near Berlin. A liberal price will be paid." To gather the great crop in 1872 literally thou- sands of pickers were needed. Sacket's marsh was said to have had 1,200 pickers that year and Carey's 1,500. The pickers on the Carey marsh took a sti'aw vote for president. Evei'ybody took part — men, women, boys, and girls, casting in all 1,457 votes. In its news summary of Sep- tember 26, 1872, the Courant notes that about $50,000 was paid for pickers in that locality. With this sum being paid out for pickers, it is not surprising that we hear the first suggestions for labor saving in connection with the cranberry harvest. According to the Cour- ant of October 17, 1872, W. T. Cos- grain, chief engineer of the Stur- geon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, was in town investigating the possibility of doing away with the necessity of picking altogether. He suggested that "when the ber- ries are ripe for gathering, flood the marsh until all the berries are Sixteen nis, floated and then loosen them the vines with rakes. After they would be floated into i he warehouse at the lower end ot the marsh and into screens in the floor — from the screens they would be raised by elevators into the store- house for drying." As far as we can determine, however, water was never actually used for picking until much later. Indians early played a promi- nent part in the cranberry har\^st. In 1877 it was recorded that the Carey brothers had 900 pickers, of whom 200 were Indians. Photo- graphs of early picking "ci'ews" show that the cranberry harvest was early regarded as a social event. We have the word of An- drew Searles that as early as 1890 it was necessary to have a dance hall for the pickers and to furnish at least part of the music. Cer- tainly in the decade before the first World War a dance hall for the pickers was found on every fully equipped cranberry marsh. Water raking is now almost uni- versal on Wisconsin marshes. Where water permits the beds are flooded almost to the top of the vines, and the berries attached to the uprights float to the surface and are scooped up with cranberry "rakes." The wet berries are poured from the rakes into field boxes and carried to dikes where they are placed in the shallow dry- ing crates. When perfectly dry, they are again put in boxes and stored in the warehouse. Water raking was begun years ago on several marshes. One of the first to practice it was Andrew Searles, He was forced to it by lack of help. One year he delayed harvesting to let his berries fully mature. With only a few men left, he flooded the marsh and raked on the water. Instead of the usual eight or ten barrels a day each man raked fif- teen or twenty. Cranberry raking is worth go- ing some distance to see. The Indians for many years have had a priority on raking, and many rak- ers have developed a beautiful rhythm to their swing. The red rakes swishing through the v-c:ter, the flaming plaid shirts, anr" the bronze skin all add color ? a sunny fall day. The Wisconsin Cranberry Industry Today The belief is widely held that no man is a fit subject for biography until he is dead. The reason is simple. Otherwise there is no stopping place. Similarly it is hard to find a place to end this descrip- tion of the growth of the Wiscon- sin cranberry industry. A whole chapter could be written on the iii >tory of cooperative selling. OrJier chapters could be written on the new pooling system, the de- velopment of canning and dehy- dration, and the continued increase in production over the past fifteen years. Perhaps we had best con- clude with the simple;, statement that during eacii' of the past five years Wisconsin cranberry crops have sold for well over $1,000,000. The End bm *#_; '^ ^Q PROTtCT THIS YEAR'S PROMISE FOR A PROFITABLE CRANBERRY CROP Use Black Leaf 40 in accordance with state recommendations for the control of Spittle Insect Blackheaded Fireworm Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Red-Striped Fireworm TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL CORP. Incorporated LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY J. J. BEATON M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over Years Seventeen C. A. Doehlert At Pemberton Since 1930 Acting Chief, Succeeding Late C. S. Beckwith, a Graduate of Rutgers and Former Editor for New Jersey Experiment Sta- tion Charles A. Doehlert, named act- ing head of the New Jersey Agri- cultural Experiment Station's cran- bei-ry and blueberry research lab- oratory at Pemberton, succeeding the late Charles S. Beckwith, has been associated and worked with Mr. Beckwith at the station since 1930. The new acting head is the author of numerous articles and bulletins in his field of cranberries and blueberries. Together Mr. Doehlert and his late chief have worked out many problems for both cranberry and blueberry growers, notably in in- sect control. Between 1921 and 1924, Mr. Doehlert was associated with Rutgers University at New Brunswick as assistant editor and later as acting editor for the Ex- periment Station, and the interven- ing years were spent on a farm. Mr. Doehlert is a native of Rutherford, N. J., and a graduate of Rutgers, class of 1921. He re- ceived his master's degi'ee from the university while in its employ 13 years later. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma, XI, honorary agricultural fraternity, the American Cranberry Growers' Association, and the American Society for Horticultural Science. Mr. and Mrs. Doehlert are the parents of three children, and make their home in Pemberton. Eighteen Awarding of "A" To Cranberry Canners (Continued from Page 4) it had been necessary to pack in 20 different sizes of glass con- tainers and how, with no tin avail- able, packing in glass was only one third as fast as a tin pack. He said that 1943 labor costs had in- creased $100,000 over the preced- ing year. "I want you growers to realize these things", he said. Then he continued there would be all the tin needed this coming season, al- though some of the trade would continue to want cranberries in glass. He told of the increased capacity Canners had built up and how there was now a freezer at Hanson which couM be broup-ht to 70 degrees below zero and had a capacity of 8,000 barrels. He said these improvements would cost about $40,000, but would be paid for in direct savings in the next three years. He said Cranberry Canners had not been growing too fast, but that it must be prepared to handle as many berries as its members desided in any future big crop years. Mr. Urann then spoke of the dp- sirability of an impartial "outside" survey as the end of the war wa? approaching with a new era, and this survey should take in an ap- praisal of (1) properties. (2). re- search, and (3) general objectives and procedures. He said cran- berry growers have a "Nature- made monopoly" and that Canners had two obligations: one, to in- crease the return to the grower, and two, to reduce the cost to the consumer, and that Canners h?«d acf'oiriDlished those purposes. He saiH the cranberry industry must maintain a "sellers' market" and not^ let it shift to a "buyers' mar- ket", and the way to lose a sellers' market was to permit a surplus to exist. He said a sellers' market foyld always be maintained, with fairness to growers and the con- '•umer if sales of fresh and canned fruit were regulated through co- operation. J. C. Makepeace, secretary, read reports, and Isaac Harrison, treas- urer, turned over the reading of his report to Auditor Ellis. Dr. Franklin Dr. H. J. Franklin, called upon as usual, gave an informal esti- mate of the Massachusetts crop prospects as they now appear. He said assuming a normal crop to be 480,000 barrels, winter kill had taken perhaps 30 per cent, the "great" frost of May 19 had taken 18 per cent of what was left, and there was an additional loss of two per cent on June 4th, making a total of 50 per cent," but that some of this winterkill and frost loss was upon bogs which were "marginal" and so did not figure to a certainty in a "normal" crop; the loss might be set at 45 per cent or possibly 40. He said the sun- shine build up was favorable last year and March temperatures were lower, which was also favorable, but against this was balanced the lack of rainfall, so that about a normal crop might have been an- ticipated had not the unusual winterkill and frost losses occurred. "Therefore we may get up to 275,000 barrels, although if things aare unfavorable from now on there might be less than 250,000 barrels. You will get a slim crop and you should get good prices — if the OPA will let you". Col. Bradford Shaw Colonel Bradford Shaw of Car- ver, a former cranberry man, now on furlough from active service in the South Pacific, was an unsched- uled speaker and said he used to enjoy growing cranberries and after the war hoped to "be in cran- berries again with both feet." Un- like many military men. Col. Shaw said he was not going to "berate" the home front, as he found the home front had done a fine job in the war and its production recor.d proved this. "You have done an all-out job", he said. He then cautioned against too much opti- mism for a too speedy victory, saying that although the war of production had been won and the military war was being won, it would of necessity take time to get this production at the front and into the actual victory. He said his greatest concern was now with what would come in the peace. "I am greatly concerned about this phase", he said. He commended Canners highly for providing cranberries for the armed forces, telling how much they were appreciated. Praise from Cong. GiflFord High commendation, in fact, was heaped on Cranberry Canners all through the day from every speak- er. Congressman Charles L. Gif- ford, praising the cooperative for its eff'orts both toward its mem- bers and to the consumers of cran- berries. Bertram Tomlinson, Barn- stable County Agricultural Agent, praised the "record of perform- ance" of Canners, especially in the sound growth in recent years. "I admire Cranberry Canners because it is producing excellent results for its members, it is benefitting the whole industry, yet it always has in mind benefitting the con- sumer, too." In opening the afternoon cere- mony Mr. Hedler said Cranberry Canners had done signal service to the industry in providing the armed forces with dehydrated cranberries which he has been told have proven a favorite food with JTeter XJl • JL^e k) age CAPE COD CRANBERRIES PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage Distridutor of Cape Cod Cranberries YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 servicemen. He gave a brief re- sume of Canners, and said that be- cause of Canners he did not be- lieve growers ever again would have to fear over-production. Lt. Graham presented thanks to Canners and the growers in behalf of the men and women in service. "You all have reason to be proud," he said, "for your part in provid- ing a food for the men in service. Your idea of the 'Cranberry Army Pool' has directly contributed to the war effort already, and in the coming year you should make ev- ery effort to continue this." Mr. Sullivan of WFA said food is today No. 1 weapon of war and that cranbei-ries were distributed to sei-vice men to the four corners of the earth for their Thanksgiv- ing and Christmas dinners be- cause of the cooperation of Cran- berry Canners, members and em- ployees, and that this would be done again with the further aid of Canners. Lt. Gov. Cahill "I am very proud to bring you officials greetings and congratula- tions from the Commonwealth, act- ing in place of our Governor who is absent", said Lt. Gov. C;j 'nil. You have been given this 'A' award which brings not only honor to yourselves but to this whole state." He said this should ''a time of dedication to the resolve to carry the war on to complete victory. Officers Elected Directors: Wisconsin — Albert Hedler, Charles L. Lewis, Guy Pot- ter. New Jersey — Enoch F. Bills, Franklin S. Chambers. Massachu- setts— Arthur D. Benson, Robert S. Handy, John C. Makepeace, Russell Makepeace, Carl B. Urann, Marcus L. Urann. President, Marcus L. Urann; first vice president, Carl B. Urann; second vice president, Franklin S. Chambers; third vice president, Charles L. Lewis; fourth vice pres- ident, Rolla Parrish; vice president Sales Division, H. Gordon Mann; vice president Berry Supply, Orrin G. Colley; vice president Western Division, Marcus M. Havey; vice president Pacific Division, W. S. Jacobson; secretary, John C. Make- peace; treasurer, Isaac Harrison. Guests from out of state at the meeting included: Wisconsin, Di- rectors Hedler, Lewis and Guy M. Potter; New Jersey, Directors Har rison, Franklin S. Chambers (and Mrs. Chambers), Enoch F. Bills, and Ralph B. Clayberger, William H. Reeves, George Kelly, Anthony Colursado, Genard Colursado and Mrs. Colursado; C. M. Chaney and E. C. McGrew of the American Cranberry Exchange. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) very cold weeks in December which caused much of the winterkill. While extreme cold was killing the vines this early, it was also killing the insects, catching both growers and the pests unprepared for the extreme. HBogs Ahead — May was an un- unusually warm month in average, the mean being a little more than six degrees above the normal, which is really a great deal. Bogs showed the effect of this heat in their progress, which was probably a minor reason why the frost of the morning of May 19th did so much damage. In June they were well along, and by June 20 Mr. Benson, from reports of members of the Sales Company, estimated that bogs were possibly a week or ten days ahead of last year, which was a backward spring. Bogs were pretty well in bloom by that date, and there was a little set on many bogs, a week or more sooner than would be expected. Vor several days ai"ound June 20 Nineteen there was drizzle, rain, and cold weather, which was not favorable to pollinization. The weather was so chilly that homes were uncom- fortable without a little fire, and in fact Dr. Franklin had feared there might be a June frost at that time with the new quarter of the moon. Any such bad pros- pect was dispelled by the heavy clouds and drizzle. TIJune 4 Frost Damaging — Grow- ers at that time had scarcely re- covered from a June frost on the morning of the 4th, coming on top of the "black freeze" of May 19th. Warnings had gone out on Satur- day, June 3rd, and were out again Sunday afternoon. This was a frost which added heavy damage in some locations, and particularly in Barnstable County. At North Harwich the thermometer dropped to 23 degrees. This was another freakish frost on the Cape, the temperature rising sharply after midnight and then falling low again toward morning. Bogs on the lower Cape, around Marstons Mills and other Cape villages were extensively damaged — that is, many that had not already been hit badly by winterkill and the . Frost Protection . and Irrigation For Cranberries Sprinkling heads and light weight partable tubing now available. SKINNER SYSTEM of IRRIGATION 33 Station Street Brookline, 46, Mass. May 19th freeze. Smaller grow- ers on the Cape, many of whom have no or only partial frost flood- ing control, lost rather heavily. Cape Cod proper, after a fine showing the last two or three years, will, it is feared, not do so well this season. Some bogs in Plymouth county which had let go late water or hadn't water left for protection, were also sufferers. This made one real "killer" frost and one serious June frost added to the winterkill, believed the worst ever suffered, so Massa- chusetts has so far had tough sled- ding this year. WISCONSIN ITStill 115-12.5,000— Marshes were in full bloom by about the end of the month, and most bogs look very well. Crop expectation is still from 115,000 to 125,000. ^Fireworm Was Bad — A lot of dusting and flooding for fireworm was done, as fireworm infestation was the worst in a number of years. Almost every marsh had either to flood or dust for this pest. As a natural result of all this flooding some marshes have suffered water damage, and the area hardest hit by this fireworm flooding was the Mather district. However, there was sufficient dust for all who cared to dust and there is plenty left to take care of leafhopper and second brood fireworm in the mid- dle of July. Tf'Fleet Gasoline" — The Ration- ing Board at Wisconsin Rapids is to issue cranberry growers "Fleet" gasoline books which are to be used only to supply labor to the marshes. It is felt this will be a decided help to the growers in taking care of the gasoline needs of their employes, which has been quite a problem. NEW JERSEY IfProspects Good — Growers are hoping, with good reason to date, that Jersey will have a crop of a little better than 100,000 barrels this year, as compared to last year's 62,000. So far the weather has been very favorable to the growth of cranberries. Three light frosts nipped a number of cranberry tips, but it appears the bloom was hurt only in unusually cold spots. IJBlossom Worm and Girdler — Development of blossom worms and girdler millers has also been un- usually favored, and infestations of both pests are worse than in any year for a, long time. Acting Chief Ddehlert at Pemberton 'be- lieves it is quite likely the blos- som worm will cut severely into the 1944 cranberry crop, and un- less growers work hard on the girdler situation it will be a seri- ous menace. TTWas Slight Winterkill— It has developed that where there was de^ay in putting on the winter flood after the first week in De- cember there has been winter in- jury which is very noticeable, but this did not occur on any consider- able acreage. WASHINGTON TlGrayland — Crop prospects look very favorable. There were really no serious frosts, although there were light frosts on the mornings of May 13, June 2 and June 8, but only a slight amount of damage was caused. Bloom was late again this year. In general there was not too much trouble with insects, but with supplies of insecticides very short, a bad infestation of fruit worm could cause serious loss, as it did last year. Sabadilla— D. D. T. Dr. Franklin has made tests of the new insecticide, Sabadilla, and Gt fhe synthetic "D. D. T." (Dieh- lorodiphenyl-trichloroethane), now being given extensive publicity be- cause of its great use in the war in preventing spread of diseases. Results of his tests of these on cranberry insects are as follows: Sabadilla: girdler moth millers, about a 75^/, kill and so not en- tire'y satisfactory; a two-thirds kill on gypsies and so not entirely satisfactory; blackheaded fireworm, first brood, 100 pounds to the acre, using 20 per cent Sabadilla, nearly 100 per cent kill, and satisfactory; bluntnosed leafhopper, 100 pounds to the acre, satisfactory kill. D. D. T., one percent, 50 pounds to the acre, kills bluntnosed leaf- hopper, and three per cent, 50 pounds to the acre, kills gypsies when full grown. He found that Sabadilla may be irritating to the nose and eyes of some users, and is fearful that D. D. T. may have a very serious effect in killing bees useful in pollinization on cranberry bogs because of its long killing power. He noticed no bad effect upon cranberry vines in the use of either. In Wisconsin Henry F. Bain has charge of similar experiments, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company and the University of Wisconsin, and to date it is said in general these ma- terials show promise in the field of controlling cranberry insects there. Twenty A ■^ Buy More War Bonds Before selling your cranberries, consult our Cape Cod Representatives, BEATON DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Mass. "Ask your neighbor" Ml NOT FOOD PACKERS, INC BRIDGETON, N. J. D. D. CONWAY, President Cooperation in marketing, purchasing, and rendering other economic services has proven through the past century to be the most dynamic way to achieve brotherhood in the everyday business of meeting the needs of the people of the world. Cooperation brings men and women together in working for the com- mon good. Through such cooperation we at- tain true freedom for the human spirit by seek- ing the joint welfare of our brothers and our- selves. Eatmor Cranberries NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative** IXU^L.1 ^ I II ^V-i r^l 1 s^f\J,\J\J\J,yj\^\^ r^ I U/— vi-v II ^l^y^sj I IN -^w^ ^^TWNALCRANBERRVMX6y,7/^^ I^PE COD ew jersey Wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON Library p.UG 'i - .^-i^ assachusetts Sictts college CRANBERRIES PHOTC JOVIAL "JAKE" JACOBSON— Busiest Man on West Coast \ugust, 1944 25 cents I I Decas Cranberry Co. WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES We are in a position to handle over 50,000 barrels of berries. We are ready to buy your crop, whether it is large or small. Telephone Wareham 147 OUR MEMBERS DEDICATE THEIR THOUGHTS TO DOUGLAS REZIN BOMBER CO-PILOT Heroic son' of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Rezin, missing in action over enemy territory in Europe. Our hope is he may be located and found to be in good health. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin THE CRANBERRY ARMY POOL NEEDS YOUR CRANBERRIES Lt. Colonel Cecil G. Dunn of the Quartermaster Corps says: "The military requirement of de- hydrated cranberries for delivery during the fiscal year 1945, which commences July 1. 1944 and ends June 30, 1945, is 1,500,000 pounds. On the basis of a 10:1 shrinkage ratio which is conservative, this represents 150,000 barrels of 100 pounds each. "It is the patriotic duty of all growers to con- sider military requirements, for this is their country and the berries are going to their own countrymen and actually their own sons and relatives they who are making far greater sacrifices than the mere allotment of part of a crop from one's cranberry bog." Cranberry Canners, Inc. is accepting pledges now for each grower's proportionate share of his crop to help fill this government order. Pledges have been mailed to all growers. Sign and send yours in now so that fulfillment of the government order can be assured before harvesting begins in September. These pledges are important and may avoid less desirable measures for getting cranberries for dehydration. Make your pledge today. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago. III. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, III. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOCKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year E. T. Cault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Paints - Hardware Mr. Cranberry Grower: Help us to help you by cutting logs early this com- ing season. For your 1945 supply of boxes and shocks, let's talk it over. Jesse A. Holmes & Son Mills at Center Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. Wood County Nationa Bank APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Car Lot Receivers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS The Nationa Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS PLYMOUTH LUMBER CO. Plymouth, Mass. A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDING MATERIALS WE ARE YOUR LOGICAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY — ONE BOARD. OR A CAR LOAD Tel. Plymouth 237 Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Co. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. G. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecticides ^^HTllVLiS^^ The Rogers ^ Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estalor Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mas*. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIENS-7>7/er THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 ERILLION WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W Cryolite Is Winning Favor Ciyolite proved to be an inval- uable insecticide to cranberry growers this season, and without this losses would have been heavier than they will be. It was widely used in place of rotenone and py- rethrum not only on cranberries, but on many crops, including vic- tory gardens. Cryolite, in both natural and synthetic forms, is marketed, both thoroughly tested in the laboratory and in the field. Both, as c.ust or spray, are reported by entomolo- gists to be successful against chewing insect pests on fruit, veg- etables and fiber crops. While cryolite is sodium alumi- num fluoride, t^e flourine is in a relatively insoluable form. Some forms of cryolite have been force- fed to livestock, in tests without fatalities. Field tests show a good margin of safety from injury to vegetables and fruits, with minor exceptions. The natural form of cryolite first was imported in 1865 for use in making caustic soda. Today this valuable mineral is used in alumi- num smelting, serving in molten beauxite ore as a solvent for the aluminum, which then is separated out by an electric current. It is also a bonding material for grind- ing wheels; acts as a flux and pa- cifier in the glass, ceramic and enamel industries; and enables glass to be made non-alkaline for blood plasms containers. Massachusetts Growers Hold Insect Twilight Meetings Firm Selected For Survey of Cranberry Canners Foui' twilight meetings of cran- berry growers at bogsides to dis- cuss fruitwoi^m, leafhopper and other insects, with Dr. H. J. Frank- lin leading the discussion, two in Plymouth County and two in Barnstable, were held in Massa- chusetts, these being called by Barnstable County Agent Bertram Tomlinson and Plymouth County Joe Brown, and Associate J. Rich- ard Beatty. The first was held July 5 at the Tihonet bog of the A. D. Makepeace Company and was the best attended, with more than 80 present. About 40 were pres- ent at the second meeting the fol- lowing evening at the bog of Har- rison F. Goddard at Marshfield. The Cape meetings were July 10th at the John Simpkins bog, Yar- mouth, and July 11th at the screen- house of J. B. Atkins, Pleasant Lake, with smaller attendances. Also at the Plymouth County meetings was R. W. Miller of the War Food Administration, who is in charge of the 150 Jamaicans stationed at a former army camp on South street, Plymouth, who are now working on the bogs. Mr. Miller, who has had consid- erable experience in airplane dust- ing, brought up the idea of cran- erry air dusting, which was tried out in Massachusetts several years ago and not considered satisfac- tory. Mr. Miller said he saw no reason why planes could not dust larger Massachusetts bogs just as they do most crops on the Florida East Coast with which he is fa- miliar. He said in the South these planes skim the ground by four or five feet and can spread a swath 30, 60, or more feet wide, as de- sired. As gypsy moths this year have cleaned up foliage and damaged Massachusetts woodland, around bogs and elsewhere, almost as completely as a forest fire could do, Mr. Miller was asked if air- planes couldn't be used for wide- spread dusting to control and elim- inate this pest. He said airplane dusting had proven very successful in cleaning up tent caterpillars, and saw no reason why, under proper weather conditions planes couldn't be called in to curtail this pest which is causing havoc. Dr. Franklin said the new DDT had proven effective on gypsies in his tests and that it would apparently be cheap when made available, and raised the suggestion that this particular dust from planes might work out very helpful in any cam- paign against this growing menace Mr. Mi.ler gave some sidelights Four about the Jamaicans and some pointers as to how the growers might best get along with them. He said they were very industrious and wanted to work and to get in as many hours as possible — that a portion of their wages are being- withheld by the Government and sent home to be banked in Jamaica and they were anxious to make this amount build up. He said the Jamaicans for the most part were educated and came from all walks of life back on the Island. He said they were engaged in this seasonal agricultural work for two reasons: first, patriotism, and second, financial. '"Your Jamaican is thrifty, and in a way he is humble, yet he is proud," he said. "He may some- times be slow to understand just what you tell him to do. If he doesn't understand teU him and show him until he gets the idea. Then he will give you a real day's work, although he may be a rather slow worker. He may want to ar- gue a point with you, but if he does it will be in a very gentleman- ly way. Jamaicans are very polite back home, even to each other, and he will treat you like a gentleman. But", he added, "never get into an argument with a Jamaican. He loves to argue in his gentleman'y way. Just tell him what you have to say and then leave him alone. He will think over what you have said and then do what you say if he understands that what you want is right. If he doesn't un- derstand at first, then tell him over and over again, if necessary." Dr. Franklin, assisted by Joe Kelley, showed the growers some insects which he had in jars, and gave a demonstration of bog sweep- ing. He strongly urged the grow- ers to sweep with one hand only. He said using one hand was easier and the sweep was apt to be long- er and that in this longer sweep more insects were gathered to the number of sweeps and a more ac- curate check was obtained. He said he fe't in devising this insect net that one of the most useful of the cranberry growers' special- ized implements had been brought into use. A number of the growers had brought along magnifying glasses, and Dr. Franklin and Kelly showed the growers how to find the fruit- worm eggs on the small berries and to make a count. He touched a little upon the two "new" insec- ticides, "Sabadilla" and DDT, and said as far as he could see at pres- ent, Sabadilla, in the strengths he Expected to be Scheduled For September — Another Survey of Physical Assets Brings Bright Report Since the vote of the directors, ratified at the annual meeting of Cranberry Canners, Inc., for an impartial, complete survey of the cooperative, the committee ap- pointed has met and organized, and selected a firm which engages in making such business surveys. This is the firm of Boos, Allen & Hamilton of New York and Chi- cago. It is expected this firm will be able to schedule this survey to be- gin in September, and Mr. Urann expected it will take three or four months. "And this survey will be impartial and complete in every respect", he says. The committee as organized consists of Mr. Urann, chairman, Charles L. Lewis of Shell Lake, Wisconsin, secre- tary, Isaac Harrison, Crosswicks, New Jersey, and Robert S. Handy of Cataumet, Massachusetts, all directors of Canners. Entirely aside from this survey an appraisal of physical assets on- ly of Canners has been completed by the Springfield Bank for Coop- ei-atives, and this showed assets of $1,226,462.82. This figure is for plants and equipment alone and does not include such movable equipment as trucks, boxes, and other items which are not definite- ly part of the plant or equipment, nor does it take any account of good wi 1 or other intangible as- sets, since it is an appraisal of physical properties for plants and equipment alone. If the movable equipment was included, this would add approximately $200,C00 in value, bringing the physical assets of Cranberry Canners up to near- ly a million and a half dol'ars. In this work the Springfield Bank made the actual survey for Massachusetts and New Jersey properties, and was assisted for the Chicago plant and equipment by the St. Louis Bank for Coop- eratives, and the West Coast phy- sical assets were appraised by the Spokane (Wsh.) Bank for Coop- eratives, these being three of the 12 regional banks for cooperatives in the country. had used it, at least, was only a "stop gap." He said DDT might veiy likely find its uses in cran- berry insecticides and he thought it would have a very definite ad- (Continued on Page 11) Issue of August, 1944— Vol. ii. No. 4 ™. ^ • r, • t. oi.rvn Main St Warchani Massachusetts. Subscription $2.60 per year. ._.,■.J"■^"±!.^^.T.rn,a^\eT^\n^ua"^^^^^^ Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1879. Uesh from the fields By C J. H. NAassachusetts Crop Prospects Deteriorate Throughout July 250,000 Barrels Considered Tops and Likely Less— Record Heat and Dryness and Fruitworm Take Drastic Toll- Other States Thought Up, but Jersey Also Dry Now with the beginning of pick- ing time only about a month away it becomes certain that Massachu- setts will have a drastically short crop. It will be one of the small- est for Massachusetts in a decade, and, consequently, a short cran- berry crop for the country. The tentative estimates of the begin- ning of the season were mostly from 250 to 300 thousand, but so for the worst has the picture been changing that the first figure seems an unlikely top, rather than bottom. It is even being said by some that 225,000 may be top and some say as low as around 210,000 barrels. Day after day in July passed without rain, the sun burned hotly, with an average temperature for the month well above normal. As the month ended, rainfall as re- corded bv the Massachusetts Ex- periment" Station at East Wareham total" ed but .54 inch. On Cape Cod proper. County Agent Tom- linson was calling it one of the driest summers in 50 years. Fruit- worm is bad, one of the worst in- festations of this insect in recent years, with its final toll yet to be reckoned. Which factor of the two is worse this unfortunate year for Massa- chusetts it would be hard to say. but probably the hot, dry weather will score up the bigger loss. "I never found such a high coiuit of fruitworm eggs generally spi-ead over such a widespiead area", said Dr. Franklin. "Fruit- worm is active from Harwich to Haifax", or over the whole cran- berry area. At the N. E. SaK'-^ Company it was said fruitworm was probably the worst in a long time and that growers have put forward every possible effort to combat it, and the spraying crew under Raymond Morse has been working without let-up. Insecti- cide scarcity obviously has been another adverse factor, but possi- bly this has not had too much ef- fect, as growers have used what was available judiciously and some who did not need as much as oth- ers have shared their supply. This is the first year in which it has been necessary to treat the State bog for fruitworm, and Dr. Frank- lin dusted half with straight Cry- olite and sprayed the rest. Fruitworm and drought losses during July would have been even worse than they were except for the fact that many bogs did not have much of any prospect any- way by this summer, fo'lowing the "'interkilling and the bad frosts on May 19 and that of the first week in June. Larger growers can bet- ter protect themselves against in- sect injury than the smaller, but manv of the latter had not too much to lose this year, by July. Prospects on som.e individual bogs here and there are very good. On July 17, the American Cran- berrv Exchange issued a circular to members, asserting that while it was too eavly to make anything like an intelligent estimate, crop prospects were given as follows: Massachusetts, 50 to 60 per cent of last year's crop (485,000), or from 242,000 up. A transcribed broadcast was given bv C. D. Stevens, head of New England Crop Reporting Ser- vice, at 6.35 a. m., July 17th, con- cerning crop prospects in general. (Continued on Page 15) NEW JERSEY 11 July Conditions Not Good- Late July crop indications do not seem to be quite as favorable as previously when there was reason to believe the crop would be 75 to 100 per cent over last year if con- ditions continued favorable. How- ever rainfall conditions were not favorable in Jersey, and while there had been sufficient rainfall in June, Jersey bogs suffered from lack of moisture in July. Reser- voirs are very low and there will probably be few opportunities to flow in August for cranberry gird- ler, and water in September tor use against this pest will be much needed Weather conditions are helping the insects to attack more severely than usual. There are numerous reports of severe blos- som worm damage. Bogs drawn in April generally developed good bloom which set berries m June. It appears that bogs that were late in developing and that pro- duced their important bloom in July, have not set so well. HBlueberrv Crop Up— The Jer- sey blueberry crop was 25 per cent ahead of last year in late Ju y. according to Stanley CoviUe, sales manager for the Blueberry Coop- erative Association. On July 4th and July 18th, more than 20 000 19.pint flats were shipped, which topped the highest previous record for a single day's shipments by 2 000 flats. Due to continued fair weather it was possible to harvest most of the fruit and it seemed very likely that last year's output of 381,000' flats will be equal ed or surpassed. In late July approx- imately five per cent of the Co- op's output had gone to the canner and 20 per cent to the freezer, WISCONSIN ^Still 115,000-12.-),000 Prospect- Estimate of the crop prospects here as of mid-July are still for a crop of from 115,000 to 125.000, in the opinion of Vernon Gold.s- (Continued on Page 16) Five SOME GRAYLAND PEOPLE — Left, Victor Lehto ; owns the oldest bog still in bearinff. built in 1915 by Mr. Hazelblake. He bought this in 1930, but in point of being a grower is himself one of the oldest at Grayland, having first come there in 1919, building and operating another bog than his present holding. Center — Einar Waara ; is one of Grayland's most cap- able cranberry men, and this year has been appointed assistant cranberry County Agent. Right — Wilho Ross: is assistant to Jacobson, and everybody has a good word to say about Ross and his abilities. Grayland Without Duplicate In Cranberry Industry This Compact Community is a Revelation, a District of Small, Weedless Bogs and Bright, New Homes — Here is West Coast's Biggest Boom, Top Production Per Acre, and Top Enthusiasm for the Future. By CLARENCE J. HALL Grayland, Washington, the northernmost cranberry area (exceptinK for very new developments at the North Beaches, north of Grays Har- bor) is the locale of the most intensive cranberry boom on the West Coast. It has made the most rapid recent growth. This is not to say that the southernmost cistrict in Oregon, often referred, to as the "Ban- don area", may not come along as fast. Maybe it will. Growers there are as enthusiastic as those of Grayland. But to date the Grayland district is the most important. Grayland has the most new acreage and largest producton. In the deep peat swales, averaging three or four feet deep and running up to 20, 'there is room for much expansion, possibly up to 3,000 acres. List- ings of individual acreage last year by Einar Waara, Cranbei'ry Assist- ant County Agent, showed 360 acres, which includes 18 acres at the North Beaches and at Ocosta, but all within the Grayland "area". Of this acreage, at Grayland itself of 342, part was in bog not yet mature. Grayland is 100 per cent organized for Cranberry Canners, Inc., every one of its approximately 160 growers being a member. Grayland lies just south of deen, to which it looks as its city for supplies. Wide beach, sand dunes, and the main coastal high- way only separate the Grayland bogs from the waters of the Pa- cific. Grayland is not a township, merely a village of cranberry grow- ers, largely within Grays Harbor County, although a portion extends south into Pacific County. Grayland is new, as is the whole region, so new in fact that "Ed" Benn, son of the founder of Aber- deen, was one of the first to plant cranberries there. His father, Samuel Benn, the founder of the' city, did not die until 1935, aged 103, having lived to see this city grow into the largest city and principal seaport of Southwestern Washington. Aberdeen is a city built by the sea and the mighty Grays Harbor and the two big cit- ies of the region, Aberdeen and Hoquiam, now grown into practi- cally a single community. They lie along the northern head of Grays Harbor in a haze of smoke from the stacks of their lumber mills. Grays Harbor is a wedge- shaped body of water nicked into the rugged coast of Southern Washington, and this bay was walled in by one of the heaviest stands of timber on the Pacific. Grays Harbor was discovered by Captain Robert Gray of Boston in 1792, but no real settlement was begun until less than 100 years ago, in the 1850s. Grayland on Open Pacific Grayland itself is on the open Pacific, a few miles south of Aber- PHOTOS BY CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE forests. At the Aberdeen Cham- ber of Commerce it was said Aberdeen looks with much inter- est at Grayland with its cranber- ries as coming into importance in the agricultural scheme of the region. It was said that cranber- ries, in agricultural importance, would be outranked only by dairy- ing and the growing of peas. Timber is now farther back and harder to get out than it used to be; the finest, biggest stands close by Grays Harbor have been cut. For newer growing industries there are crab and other fisheries, and the Grayland cranberries. Climate Mild The climate of this region is mild, the rainfall heavy. Cham- ber of Commerce figures give the average summer temperature as 68 degrees, winter average 49. Average annual rainfall is given as 82.10 inches. The village of Grayland is a cranberry-growing community which is without duplicate in the cranberry industry. No cranberry grower ever saw a parallel sight. Cranberry bogs are not scattered about, as they are everywhere else. They are practically of a unit, along two swales. It is very much as if a couple of the biggest eastern bogs were set down in this region of great evergreen forests and divided by invisible boundaries into rectangular strips of two or two and a half acres each, each strip owned by an individual and each grower had built his home at the head or foot of his strip. Bogs New, Homes New Newness, neatness and bright- ness are the predominating fea- ture. There is no feeling of pov- erty here. Cranberry growing did (Continued on Page 8) ''Jake" Jacobson Is Busiest Man In Coast Cranberries A Cranberry Canners Vic(> President and Manager, He was Former Lumber * Boss — Came from Sweden ^ When a Boy. There is none so busy, at least in the use of executive energy, if not in physical labor, none so dead certain of the bright cranberry future of Grayland, none more thoroughly convinced that what the West Coast needed was the boost of Cranberry Canners, Inc., than jovial, aggressive, forward-looking W. S. Jacobson, Grayland manager of Canners and vice president of the Pacific Division. He is on the go from morning to night, tending to the multitudinous duties which his position entails. Flippantly expressed, he is "top man on the totem pole", and thei'e actually are totem poles in the Pacific Northwest. Living at Grayland, he is right in the thick of the battle. Last year he operated the dehydrator plant and will have charge again this year. Right now he is seeing that work is rushed at the new cannery at Markham, which is to replace the one burned. He also has charge of the temporai-y can- nery at Grayland, has to keep in touch with the cannery at Coquille, Oregon, and the big freezer at Long Beach, Washington. He at- tends to the supplies of growers and to their wants. This taxes his time to the utmost, but he enjoys every minute of it, working for Cranberry Canners and for the advancement of West Coast grow- ing as a whole. His assistant is Wilho Ross, whose abilities, especially perhaps his mechanical aptitude, are ad- mired by all. But Mr. Jacobson, or "Jake", as everybody calls him out there, is used to being busy and to executive authority. He has been busy all his life, and for years he had charge of large groups. Ls Ex-Lumberman He is a lumberman turned to cranberry grower. "I had hoped to take it easy, growing cran- berries, when I left lumbering", says Jake, expressively hunching his shoulders. "But I find my self working harder than ever before in my life." He came to Grayland seven years ago. His parents died when he was seven, and he remained in Sweden until he became fourteen and th^n, (Continued on Pai* 8) Victor C. J. Lindgren (upper photo with Mrs. Lindgren) has the largest acreage at Grayland, six acres. He is one of the more pi'o- gressive growers of the Coast and as such has been chosen one of the five members of Cranberry Can- ners Pacific Division. Lindgren, born in Sweden, be- fore settling down at Grayland saw most of the world, having been a seaman in both sail and steam. Gi'ayland, he says, is the finest place in the word in which to live, and if travel gives any basis for such a statement he is qualified to make it. He started to earn a living for himself while still a boy, getting a job in a machine shop, and felt he was a mighty lucky lad to be selected for the work, as he says there were hundi'eds of applicants and few such jobs when he was young in Sweden. He found the work hard, hours long, and the company for which he worked ex- tremely rigorous about the keeping of hours, having a rule that em- ployes must be at work before the starting whistle had finished blow- ing. One day, he says, he failed to be at work on the dot, got a "bawling out" from his foreman, quit his job, and before that same night had signed up on a ship and was heading out to sea. He was in sail about five years and spent about 20 years in Alaskan waters. Foi- a time he was partly on shore and during that period commer- cially raised foxes there. His early training in mechanics has stood him in good stead in cranberry growing. He is one of the growers who has made one of the contrivances for sluicing cran- berries off the vines with a hose. In fact, he has two of these, the second an improvised model of this device, which is built some- thing like a mammoth scoop with teeth, into which the growers sluice the berries from the vine-s under high nozzle pressure. These are admittedly labor-shortage de- vices and not the best way in the world to pick cranberries, but, as Lindgren says, with picking help not to be had and a crop to be §«Yen harvested "a grower has to do something". Maybe he lost the habit of walk- ing while at sea, but at any rate he has turned his inventive genius to getting down the length of his bog in speed and in style. He has taken the tires and wheels off an old Ford, put on iron wheels and a flat car body, and when he has some work to do at the far end of his "field" he cranks up the Ford and chugs down the track at a diz- zy speed. At least it is dizzy compared to the progress of the hand-pushed flatcars of the other growers. Mrs. Lindgren is also an able working "cranberry man." Martin and Hilda Hendrickson (lower photo) are representative of Grayand couples who are achieving success in cranberry growing through their own dili- gence. They have about two and a half acres now in planting, hav- ing first started in a small way with a part of an acre eight years ago. Seven years ago they came to Grayland and themselves built a very small, attractive house on land which was made up of top soil carried off from the bog as it was being- made. In Mrs. Hend- rickson's kitchen in this modern house, painted white with blue trim, is every electrical conveni- ence. The Hendricksons built ev- ery bit of their bog with their own labor, he explains. Mr. Hendrickson, who is Nor- wegian, was formerly a railroad worker. Now he says he wouldn't want to be doing anything else nor be anywhere else than where he is. "I am happy with my bog, my home, and my wife", he says, sim- ply. He does want a sprinkler system as soon as he can obtain one. Jacobson (Continued tram Page 7) with an older sister, took a ship to New York. He and his sister travelled across the country to live with an older brother who had settled at Port'and. This was in 1898, and he found America a land of opportunity. He arrived in Portland the year horse-drawn street cars were being replaced with electricity and the newest marvel was the electric trolley car. He has seen much of the develop- ment of the rugged Pacific North- west. For a couple of years he woi'ked in saw mills as shipper and as clerk. Then, as he is essentially a man who dislikes detailed confin- ing work, he became a foreman, in charge of gangs. He worked for some of the biggest lumber companies in the Northwest, in- cluding the Portland Lumber Corn- Eight Grayland (Continued from Page 6) not start to any extent until 1924, although some bogs were earlier, and Grayland has attained its greatest growth since 1932. There- fore bogs are new and each horne is new, most having been built within the past ten or fifteen years. Up to a dozen or so years ago there were but a few bogs and a few log cabins here in the forest land. Homes are relatively modest, but attractive. pany, for 20 years. He was fore- man of the Bay City Lumber Com- pany of Aberdeen, a firm cuttmg 600,000 feet of lumber a day. At that time most of the finished lum- ber was sent out by water and he often loaded ship day and night when it was in nort, staying with the job until it was done. In this he would have charge of from 150 to 500 men. In all Jake Jacobson spent about 40 years in the tough lumbering game. When he decided to take things easier he left Aberdeen and came to grow cranberries at Grayland and take a little leisure. He had a bog of two and one-half acres built, planting it to McFar'ins. He and Mrs. Jacobson live in a comfortable little house at the head of this bog. Their home site is the only "hill" in flat Gray- land. By "hill" is meant an eleva- tion of a few feet, and this was the chief reason why Mr. and Mrs. Jacobson selected this location for their bog and house and from this knoll they overlook the bog land and the Grayland community. He has a fine-looking bog, with his track down the center, but instead of having his sprayer on a car his equipment is in a pump- house at the head of the track, and his spray is carried to the bog by a main pipeline. His is the only spray pipeline at Gray'and. His sprinkler system was in- stalled the year after the first in- stallation at Grayland, 1937. Water for his system comes from a "sump" hole by the pump and sprayer house at the top of his bog. With his many activities for Canners, Mr. Jacobson has to hire a part of his work done, but Mrs. Jacobson likes to get "out in the field" now and then with her Gray- land neighbors and pull a few weeds. Last year on his two and one-half acres he produced 200 barrels, and three years ago he got 1100 boxes or 275 barrels. When Mr. Urann first came to the Coast Mr. Jacobson was presi- dent of the Grayland Cranberry Growers' Association and became one of the most enthusiastic in seeing advantages in belonging to Canners. He was a logical choice Arrangement of these bogs is a pleasing as well as a surprising- sight. The bogs and homes look as if planned by a master garden- er, a planner who laid out the community with T square and tri- angle. Orderly and neat are the dwel'ings, often white with blue blinds. There is nothing ram- shackle. The paint glistens, the speckless glass of the windows sparkles in the western sun. The houses, warehouses (when not the ground story of the homes, as they often are) and the little cabins for the pickers are lined with flowers and shaded by small fruit trees. Strawberry patches and gardens are "handkei'chief sized", as are the bogs. There are trellises for the blackberries, youngberries and the like, pruned and perfected with mechanical precision. i Grayland is Fascinating C"ose together and communal in appearance is Grayland, yet each grower seems to be an individual- ist. Individualist to an amazing degree in that each or nearly each owns his own sprayer, separator, and other equipment for the aver- age acreage ownership of a couple of acres of vines. Three-quarters of the growers are Finnish, most of the others Swedish and Nor- wegian. Most homes have their buildings for the Finnish steam baths. The whole suggestion is of the "old world", and is fascinat- ing. The scale may be model, but the cultivation is intense. This is distinctly a Finnish vil- lage, and as to the ability of Fin- nish people as cranberry growers, every Massachusetts grower who is familiar with his Finnish cran- berry-growing neighbors will tes- tify that they are among the most proficient. So, it seems, with the Swedish and the Norwegians. As a matter of fact, most cranberry growers at Grayland are of top rank. Here is where they get the ultimate of production from each acre. These people, stemming from the North of Europe coun- tries, were brought into the Pa- cific Northwest by the lumbering, fishing and sailing, shipping in- dustries similar to their native countries. Here they will tell that every grower who tends to his business and is really worth his salt as a cranberry grower expects at least to head up Canners' activities in the Grayland region. Big, genial "Jake" Jacobson, by blood and birth of the north countries of Europe, instinctively attuned to out-of-door work, accustomed to directing the rough, virile lumber- ing, typically represents the spirit of Northwest cranberry growing in his position as Cranberry Can- ners' manager. 100 barrels to each of his t\v(; acres, or whatever his holding is. Six acres is the largest. They frequently get more, up to two and even three hundred barre's per acre. Top producer the past two years has been William Bjon, who last year got 500 barrels and in 1942 more than 700 barrels on fiv< acres. Nearly All McFarlins The McFarlin variety is almost the universal berry, as everywhert in the Pacific Northwest. There are a few Howes, but these art mostly being replanted. There aw no Early Blacks. These are "Working" Growers These are "working" cranberry growers. Mostly each man and his wife do their own bog work, except harvesting. From dawn to dusk they work, and they do the hardest kind of work themselves. Many bui't their bog*^ little by lit- tle in spare time, while th-^ men had jobs in lumbering or fishing, and some still go fishin^; part of the year. To get to their bogs they have only to step out of their back or front door and in a couple of strides they are "out in the field". "Out in the field" is a com- mon expression and their daily lif-^ is almost entirely made up of work "out in the field." Grayland boR;s are not winterflooded and can be worked on practically the year 'round. Growers can puT grass on Christmas day. Grayland growers treat their bogs with the respect a fine bog should have and that is one reason these are '^uch fine producing bogs. Most bogs have a ditch down the c?nter which is boarded over to make a walk. Over this board walk there spraddles the ties of a narrow-gauge railroad tr?ck, down which the grower pushes his spray- er on a little flat-car, carries off weeds and brings in his berries. They make a fetish of not tramp- ing on their vines. They do all the work they possibly can on these narrow bogs from the board walk and track, and some- times also have board crosswalks. Promiscuous tramping about in the manner of many Eastern growers would drive them to distraction. The sight of a single we-^d is enough to set them to work. Neith- er do the->' 'ike to see weeds in the bog of their neighbor, undivi(U and Plant Quarantine". — A. I. F. News, New York. PERSONAL E. Clyde McGrew and his bride of some months ago have been visiting the New Jei'sey cranberry district and also Massachusetts. They arrived at Wareham on July 16th, and a couple of days later there was a little much-needed rain. When they visited Jersey, r?iin also followed within a few days. During August Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Grew plan to go to a convention in Chicago and then will visit Wisconsin, to be there for the an- nual meetings on August 15th. This is the first visit of Mrs. Mc- Grew to the cranberry districts. Twenty "RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS" Pioneers: Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation For complete data write L. R. Nelson Mfg. Co., Peoria, 111. Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg., Glendora, Cal. For Oregon and Washington, R. M. Wade — Oregon Culvert & Pipe, Portland, Ore. WANTED! 200,000 Barrels of CRANBERRIES! PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 Eatmor Cranberries 'Tree enterprise is the basis of all cooperative activ- ity. Onlj free men can organize and operate cooperative enterprises. Only free men can subscribe to the principles of cooperation. Only free men can form an organization with voluntary membership. Only free men can practice democratic control. The entire basis on which the cooperative movement is founded is "free enterprise", organized and directed by free men on a mutual self-help basis." Dr. Joseph G. Knapp in Cooperative Digest. NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative" 'RESENTING AN $8,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY APE COD iBW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO C. D. STEVENS. Head Statistician. New England Crop Reporting Service September, 1944 25 cents' Decas Cranberry Co. WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES We are in a position to handle over 50,000 barrels of berries. We are ready to buy your crop, whether it is large or small. Telephone Wareham 147 Q ■s a U^/ftn/ft9 ^att/e OUR ALLIED NATIONS, DRAWN TOGETHER IN COMMON BOND, ARE WINNING MIGHTY BATTLES. A UNITED FIGHT ON THE BATTLEFRONT IS WINNING. WE ARE WINNING ON THE HOME FRONT THROUGH CO-OPER- ATION. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 2-PLANK 1944 PLATFORM For Cranberry Canners, Inc., Members Supply your share of berries to fill the order for de- hydrated cranberries for the U. S. Armed Forces. From the rest of your crop, can your pies, floats, tender berries, and those of definite canning grade. The clause in your Cranberry Canners contract stating that you must can at least 10 '^ of your crop has been waived this year to enable you to sell more berries fresh if you wish to do so. But remember: DON'T endanger your fresh cranberry market by attempt- ing to sell tender berries or pies, or any berries which definitely are canning grade. DO help to take care of your civilian market for canned cranberry sauce. The extremely short crop of this year may be followed by a big crop next year. You can't .jump from a 500,000 case pack one year to a 4,000.000 case pack the next. Can enough berries every year to retain the customers you may need next year. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon Now Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, III. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, III. l-ong Beach, Wash. SERVIMG THE CRANBElRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Sereenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Mr. Cranberry Grower: Help us to help you by cutting logs early this com- ing season. For your 1945 supply of boxes and shooks, let's talk it over. Jesse A. Holmes & Son Mills at Center Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS The Cape and Vineyard Electric Company Offices: Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Ban of Wareham Wareham, Ma ss. E. T. Gault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY I CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS MASSACHUSETTS The Call WAREHAM 162 PLYMOUTH NATONAL BANK S. G. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Plymouth Diesel Bulldozer Massachusetts E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Member Federal Deposit Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Insurance Corporation Experienced in Bog Work Contact Us HUBBARD Massachusetts Native White Pine Used Fertilizers for Insecticides Cranberry ^^^^ Boxes ^^^^ F. H. COLE ^^fiTILlZiB^ Established 170 7 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. The Rogers k Hubbard Go, Portland, Conn. Tel. 46-5 ESTABLISHED IN 1876 ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R •Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts ARIEMS-?>7/&r iKu- T H t MOST OMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES \i IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX SOS BRILLION. WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W FREDERICK S. WESTON 15 Piei-ce Bldg., Middleboro, Mass. INSURANCE- SURVEYING My Mutuals Can Save You Money Don't Lose What You Have INSURE IT Telephone Middleboro 36 Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin r.OXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIUEBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Survey Committee of Cranberry Canners Meets With New York Firm of Booz, Allen & Hamilton Committee, on Recommenda- tion of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company, to Invite American Cranber- ry Exchange and Sales Company to Participate in Survey. Cranberry Canners Survey com- mittee met with the firm of Booz, Allen & Hamilton in New York, August 23, and completed arrange- ments for one of the executives of this firm which makes business surveys to proceed at once to make a preliminary study of the work to be done in the survey of Canners and present an outline of proce- dure to the committee for ap- proval. This committee has received a recommenoation from the Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company that the survey should include the sev- eral sales companies marketing cranberries fresh. At this meet- ing the survey committee passed a resolution, inviting the Exchange to participate in the survey, and the matter will be brought before the directors at their annual Sep- tember meeting in New York. If the Exchange and Sales com- panies should participate, the costs would be allocated according to the time spent upon each division. One of the most important phases of such a survey is a study of the present and potential mar- kets for both processed and fresh ci'anberries, with the view of de- termining to what extent these markets should be supplied by each branch of the industry in order that the grower should reap the greatest benefit. Such a study can hardly be conducted in a sur- vey of Cranberry Canners, alone, those who urge the inclusion of the fresh fruit cooperatives say. It has also been pointed out that to be truly adequate for the industry, such a survey should also take in at least leading independent dis- tributors and processors, but this Four is not proposed by the Survey Committee so far. As Mr. Urann says he views the matter, such a survey is advisable. as is a periodical checkup by a physician upan an individual's physical condition. "Such a check- up by some concern whose business it is to study a company's objec- tives, and from an over-all point does review the past, forecast the future, separate the wheat from the chaff, it recommends such changes, if any, which will obtain these objectives at the least cost and with the greatest safety," he says. "The cranberry industry is reaching toward a $10,000,000 business. Old bogs are producing more crops, new bogs are being- built, and men are investing in the industry who have not experienced the hardships when cranberries sold for less than cost to produce. "We are facing ofter-war condi- tions when growers' success to re- tain the advantages of a seller's market will demand the greatest judgment and ski:l. We must be sure then that the cooperatives set up by growers are in perfect run- ning order to do the job, just as you keep any machine in codition to do the job you prepared to do. "The question is asked if this is an opportune time for a survey. Well, the disadvantages are that these are unusual times and con- ditions, but we all know that we should have two ways to sell cran- berries. My idea is for growers, with full responsibility to con- sumers and the middleman who serves both them and us, to decide upon a fair fresh cranberry price, sell all the berries of fancy quality we can at that price, and process the remainder of the crop." This committee consists of Charges L. Lewis of Wisconsin, Isaac N. Harrison of New Jersey, Robert Handy of Massachusetts, and M. L. Urann as chairman. The duty of the committee is "to ar- range for and conduct a survey of the affairs of the corporation (Cranberry Canners, Inc.), includ- ing, but not limited to an apprais- al of the physical assets, a study of products and by-products, oper- ating efficiency of plants, and any other activities, either current or potential, with full authority to act." Mass. Growers To Have 200 More Jamaican Workers Arrival of Harvest Help Thought Delayed Until September 15th, However, As No Boat Was Avail- able to Bring Islanders To U. S. Plymouth County, Massachu- setts, growers met the evening of August 3 at Carver town hall and decided they could use 200 more Jamaicans for the harvest this fall, inaddition to the 150 who have been working on the bogs since June. This new recruitment of labor was scheduled to have been available about Labor Day at the beginning- of harvest, but as this is written it is believed that the Jamaicans will not be available be- fore about the fifteenth of Sep- tember. This is due, according to the Plymouth County Extension Ser- vice, to the fact that no boat could be made available to bring the workers to this country. The workers on the island had all been recruited and were awaiting trans- portation, but up to the end of Au- gust the Extension Service had not been able to ascertain when the workers could be expected, but al- most certainly not before the 15th. The Brockton office was awaiting word from WFA when the workers could be expected. They will come direct" y to New York, the boat trip taking four days and three nights, then directly to Massachu- setts. These workers will all be housed at Camp Manuel on South street, Plymouth, which has been leased (Continued on Page 20) e^ Issuf of Sei>tember, 1944 — Vol. 9. No. 5 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year Entered as second-class matter January 26. 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS H Picking Starting. A little scat- tered picking, mostly hand, got under way on very small scale the week before Labor Day, with the bulk of the growers hoping and expecting to start in the week of Labor Day, Sept. 4. Berries were not coloring nor growing as grow- ers would have liked to see them, but practically every grower was faced with an alarming absence of water for any kind of frost pro- tection, and. wherever possible there was an urgent tend to get picking without any delay. UNo Frost Water. Taken as a whole Massachusetts growers are at the mercy of frosts this fall, more so than niost can remember ever being. They just simply, taken by and large, haven't the ne- cessary water to flood. Some might get protection for one or two frosts, others could not even flow a single time, while a few have more fortunate water situations. Heavy rains may at last come to relieve the situation, or frosts may hold off', although Dr. Franklin has expressed an opinion that he did not like the frost prospects in gen- eral this fall. H Most Picking by Hour. There will certainly be a desire to get what berries there are to the safe- ty of the screenhouse as soon as possible. There will pdobably l)e much less picking by the box this fall than normal, perhops none at all generally speaking. Scoopers would not be incuced, to go on the lean bogs this year at a box rati . and growers could not stand a lo^s in hasty, careless scooping whirh left many bottoms. Hourly rates will be high and the rate by the measure for what hand pick'n.r there is, will be up. ^F'ruitvvorm — In other, words this drought and intense heat ex tended all over the Massachuseir- cranberry area, and over the : tire area the fruitworm ate c:< ■ - sively. Reports of fruitworm i; ''"■ Bright Jersey Prospects Blasted By Drought, Heat and Cirdler Growers were surprised and dis- appointed with the release of the New Jersey estimate of but 59,000 barrels, as early prospects for that state had been brighter than in several years and first indications had been for a crop increase there of from 75 to 100 per cent over last year's very small crop of 62,000. Dry weather and partic- ularly ten days of consecutive temperatures of 90 and more, and a severe infestation of cranberry girdler blasted these hopes. So severe has been the cranberry girdier trouble that on August 3d, Charles A. Doehlert, acting chief at the Pemberton station, issued a special bulletin (including a copy of the late Charles S. Beckwith's circular on "Sanding Cranberry Bogs") to growers of the state advising immediate sanding or flooding to curb this pest. Mr. Doehlert warned growers that the brownin": of these bogs was being caused not only by the dry wea- ther but on many bogs a careful examination would show girdler injury. His bulletin said: "The heavy rain of August 2 is filling streams and helping to make an August reflow possible in some cases. To do this with safety, cool water is required, such as fur- nished by a good stream rather than by a reservoir. A very heavy rain causing freshet conditions off'ers a good opportunity for an August reflow. It has been done with practically no injury to the crop, but if it is done with warm water the crop on the vines will be lost. "On many more bogs, flooding will not be possible, but sanding can be used to save the vines. It is not necessary to wait until after harvest. We have seen bogs that need the sand now. Naturally, laboi' for sanding is hard to get. But with a limited supply of labor something more can be accom- plished by starting now. In some cases it is going to be more im- portant to save the bog than to save this season's crop. The dry season last year and this year seems to have saved this season's crop. The dry season last year and this year seems to have en- couraged the girdlers and has made the injurious eiTect more destruc- tive. "A bog sanded for girdler in- jury should, be kept moist — not soggy — so that rooting from the sand-covered stems will be favored. The irrigation ano drainage should be balanced. Irrigate to keep the young roots growing without in- terruption. Drain so that rain- storms do not make the ground soggy or flood it with the result of limiting the active root develop- ment to a shallow surface layer. Use enough sand to make contact with the soil below." age were practically the same everywhere. Percentage of losses ran as high as 50 and this was true in Barnstable. Bristol, Ply- mouth and on Nantucket Island. There was one exception to grow- ers reporting fruitworm losses and that was for the 70 acre bog of the Summit Cranberry Company at Greene, Rhode Island. There was practically no loss there, not more than one per cent, if that much, it was estimated. UMany Won't Pick — So great have been the losses in Massachu- setts this season from winterkill, frosts, the drought and the fire- worm that many growers by Aug- ust had definitely given up all hopes of any pickab'e crop. Sta- (Continued on Page 16) Five Mass. Crop Can Be Called ''Poorest Ever/' Considering Present Acreage Possibility statistician C. E. Stevens, Reporting at Annual Cape Cod Growers' Association Meeting, Says His Report "Most Dismal" Duty — Dr. Franklin Outlines Causes for Failure — All Officers Re-elected Massachusetts growers roamed around at the 57th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association Tuesday, August 22, asking each other, "Have you got ony crop this year?" And it was worse than Diogenes trying to find an honest man. Nobody, or ahnost nobody in Massachusetts, it developer", has a good crop, and in fact, many have no cranberries or such a small per cent of normal that only parts of their bogs will be picked. Many smaller growers will not pick at all, or only scoop in a few places themselves. C. D. Stevens, head, statistician, New England Crop Reporting Ser- vice, gave the answer as to why it was impossible to find a grower with a good crop this year when he gave his annual crop estimate in mid- afternoon. There are none except for a few exceptions. He said, after giving the figures, that taking into consideration the bearing potential- ity of present Massachusetts acreage, the current crop is possibly the smallest or "poorest" crop ever produced in the state. He said this was the most cismal report it had ever been his duty to give to the Cape growers. He gave as the official Government estimate at this time: Massachusetts, 230,000 barrels, the most recent comparable crop being that of 1934 with 290,000 barrels, and back of that 208,000 in 1921, 218.000 in 1918, and 137,000 in 1917, at the time of the last war. Last year's crop was 485,000 barrels. Wisconsin pros- pects were given as 117,000, as compared to 102,000 last year; New Jersey, 59,000 as compared to 62,000 last year; Washington, 29,000 as compared to 24,000 last year, and Oregon 9,800 as compared to 7,900 last year. Total for the country as now estimated is 444,800 barrels as compared to last year's revised figure of 680,900, and 812,200 for 1942. He reported that Massachu- setts berries will be small this year because of tbe long drought, and that Early Blacks are estimated to be less than usual, 54 per cent (56 per cent normal), but that Howes would make up the differ- ence in proportion, being 40 per cent (normal 38 per cent). Other varieties are about in their usual . proportion. Even this figure of 230,000 bar- rels for Massachusetts was con- Six sidered slightly higher than many of the growers had expected, it became evident from conversations as the meeting broke up immedi- ately after Mr. Stevens' report, and many were amazed that no more were accorded New Jersey, as up to recently it had been gen- era'ly predicted Jersey would have an increase of from 75 to 100 per cent greater increase over last sea- son. Mr. Stevens said Jersey prospects had gone abruptly down because of August dry weather and o'aily temperatures of 90 degrees. However, Massachusetts growers are about prepared now to expect anything may happen this year. There was even a drizzle and a couple of brief heavy showers as the growers were gathering, and it is tradition that it never rains on the day of the annual Cape Cod meeting. Growers were prepared to withstand this unpleasant wea- ther for the annual meeting if the rain had really amounted to any- thing. But it didn't, and by the time President Homer L. Gibbs adjourned the meeting, with grow- ers rushing out of their seats as Stevens concluded, the sun was be- ginning to shine hotly. "Terrible Weather" — Dr. Franklin Dr. H. J. Franklin adequately summed up the cranberry weather of this year when in his talk he said it had been "simply !■ rrible weather, especially for growers in Massachusetts". He told how it began with the worst winterkill ever last winter, with growers un- able to flow because of lack of water and many cauo'ht by the un- expected severe cold spell in early December. Incidentally, of this winterkil" he said it had always been his advice that the best thing to do for winterkill was to do nothing. He said he had watched the experiments of growers this spring and summer in resanding and in mowing vines and so far he had observed nothing from their results which would make him change his mind, tlaat nothing was the best thing to do. Of the "black frost" or freeze of the morning of June 19th he said it was the most damaging since that of 1918 and might have been even more so than that mem- orable freeze "if there had been more prospects left from the pre- ceding winterkill." He said that was the first time he had ever not- ed vines actually freezing over what would be a normally-protect- ing frost flow, and that he was ready to accept reports that tem- peratures of 14 were reached on some bogs that morning. He said drought conditions had prevailed all summer, with high iieat all through July, which is al- ways injurious. Of fruitworm injurv, he said it was the worst he had ever known in his 35 years of cranberry ex- perience, and maybe it was the worst ever. This would have been worse, he said, if enough growers had not been sufficiently versed to take fruitworm egg counts early in the season and kept on taking them and then set to work in spraying and dusting. "I think one lesson has been learned", he said, "and that is that Cryolite may be depended upon to control fruitworm if it is put on at the right time and if subsequent wea- ther conditions are not too ad- verse. He said this did not mean that he would not use Derris as an alternate treatment if it was available, however, as he feared in- jury to the bogs if Cryolite was put on heavily over a period of too many years. He recommended not waiting until the vines are dry before proceeding to dust with Cryolite, but said it should best be applied "from daylight until dark". In fact, he said the bog of the Nantucket Cranberry Company on Nantucket had been dusted with lights at night. He called upon Marland Rounsville, who had done the night dusting, and Mr. Rouns- ville said he thought the dusting was more effective at night than in the day. Dr. Frank Hn summarized his experiments with Sabadilla ami with DDT, saying- that he doubtnl if the cranberry industry evir made any permanent use of Saba- dilla, at least as ajiplied under present knowledg'e, but it had pru- vided an excellent "stop-gap" this season. He said he was inclined to think that DDT would find a place in cranberry insecticides, but was still apprehensive that it might, if used repeatedly, have a very serious effect upon the bee population of the bogs. He said he hoped growers may perhaps learn things of benefit from this year's disastrous expeii- ences and said that he had. He said it seemed that cranberries ap- pear to need moisture equal to from two to four inches of rainfall a month during the growing sea- son, and suggested growers hold water in ditches between 10 and 12 inches high, not more and not less. Dr. H. F. Bergman told of his experiments this summer with three new compounds for fungicide control. These three new com- pounds are Fermate, Dithane, and one known as "U. S. Rubber 604." He said he thought these would be as effective as Bordeaux Mix- ture and would have some ad- vantages. He said two of these especially showed promise and could be mixed safely with insect- icides without spoiling the effect of either, or injuring- the bog. He referred to cross breeding projects which are being tried out in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin and Washington, and said this year sufficient of these hybrid varieties planted at the State Bog- would fruit to give a basis for some tests. These would include comparison of color, size and keeping quality with the pres- ent improved natural varieties. Plymouth County Agent Jo'^ Brown reported concerning the ad- ditional 200 Jamaican workers and said they were expected to be available to the growers Septem- ber first, unless boat transporta- tion to this country was unable to be provided before then when they would probably arrive about September 15. He said the lalnn- situation this fall for Massachu- setts promises to be much bett ■ than was anticipated. Barnsta' 'e County Agent Bertram Tomliiis.in was present at the meeting, but did not speak, as he had to leave en' 'y for another meeting. Frost Warning Carleton D. Hammond. J , treasurer, and also chairman of frost warning committee, gave report on finances and at the s time reported for the frost ■. mittee. He asked that it be nite'y decided by the growers whether a subscriber should be charged for the service on a basis of his total acreage, or only upon that which could be flowed for frost protection. There was a slight debate, and then Frank Crandon moved that a grower should not be expected to pay upon whatever proportion of his bog is absolutely dry and so cannot be protected, but should pay for all the rest, whether he has water on a particular year or not. This vote was taken, that dry bog should be eliminated, but all the rest assessed and no rebate given in the case of a bog changing hands during the frost year. He said the association needed an increased membei-ship and that the amount coFected in dues is falling off. Later in the day President Gibbs suggested that some action be taken to induce more growers to join the Cape Cod association, ias its membership of approximately 200 does not truly represent the number of growers in Massachu- setts. No definite action was taken. Russell Makepeace reported for the litrary committee, saying a number of reports and three vol- umes of ancient date had been add- ed to the association collection at the Middleboro library, and this had largely been done through the erorts of Dr. Franklin. He said that S18.75 had been spent from last year's appropriation of $25.00, this for binding, etc., and asked that the committee have $25.00 again this year to work with. This was voted. James W. Dayton, County Ag- ent-at-large, told of country-wide p'ans for service men and former war workers after the war is over, as concerns both Plymouth and Barnstable Counties. He said plans were going forward to ab- sorb the ex-service men and the others in orderly fashion and that mors would be announced on these plans later. Dr. F. J. Sievers Dr. Fred J. Sievers, president Extension Service, Massachusetts State College, said the time was at hand now when definite post- war plans should be made, includ- ing plans of the cranberry indus- try. He said this matter was be- ing given extensive study at the College, that is, as regarded i)ro- grams for the field stations, such as the one at East Wareham. He spoke of change, tel'ing how the purposes of the Experiment Sta- tion at East Wareham had changed and been enlarged from merely one to study insects to no\v include weather services, w^eed control and many other matters. He told of the changing eating habits of the American people and stated they are paying more attention to what they are eating, particularly in the nutiition aspects. The State Col- I'ge and its field stations are tak- ing; part in this planning, he said. He said people might ask why they are expected to pay taxes for the support of such stations which enable the cranberry growers and others to produce better products more cheaply and in greater quan- tities. He said that although the cranberry growers, as one exam- ple, do benefit directly through these stations and this work, so does all the consuming public in getting more and better food at less cost. Congressman Gifford Congressman Gifford was as us- ual a speaker, and he said he hoped the gi-owers would be able to get a sufficient ceiling upon cranberries, if a ceiling price was placed upon them this year. He said he saw no reason why all the protection of OPA should go to the consumer and why the produc- er should not be protected as well in the imposing of ceiling prices. He dep'ored the "conglomeration of alien-minded, alien-thinking peo- ple who are trying to obtain con- trol of the Government", and said the only hope was in the response of the middle-class people, such as were represented by the ci'an- berry gro-wers. "I only hope there are enough of you", he said, "to see that these people of alien minds do not get complete control of America." As the Commissioner of Agri- culture, Louis Webster, was unable to be present this year, greetings from that office were brought by his assistant. Mr. Piper. A chicken pie lunch was served at noon, it being impossible to put on a cambake as has been featured the past couple of years. Officers Elected The same slate of officers was re-elected, their names being put in nomination by C. A. Driscoll of Osteivillc, chairman of the nomi- nating committee. These officers for the coming year are: president, Homer L. Gibbs of West Ware- ham; first vice president. George E. Short of Island Creek; second vice president, Elnathan E. El- drt'ii.ire of South Orleans; secretary, L. ('. Hall, Wareham; treasurer, Carleton D. Hammond, Jr., East Wareham; directors, J. C. Make- peace, Wareham, M. L. Urann, Han. for each and every report his best estimate of his own current crop prospect. This is very important, as every growers' report adds to the data on which the estimate is based and helps regard'ess of the size of crop grown and even if cur- rently his crop may be a complete failure." When the estimate for Massachusetts is made up it is sent to Washington, and there it is reviewed and appraised with similar estimates from the other cranberry states. Whi'e the esti- mate is subject to this review, estimates of Mr. Stevens are us- ually approved as sent in. How- ever, until this approval by Wash- ington is made the estimate does not become official. Other Releases A seccond questionnaire goes out to cranberry growers on which is based the estimate which is re- leased on October 10th, unless that date falls on a Sunday, and then the release date is either October 9 or 11. This questionnaire is similar, and the grower is again asked about his previous season's crop and his best estimate of his total (in barrels) of the current crop.. This gives the grower an opportunity to revise his prehar- vest estimate. He is also asked to check the keeping prospects (poor, medium, or good) and the quality (poor, medium, good); size of berries (sma'l, medium, large); worm damage (light, medium, h-^avy): dry bog crops (failure, very light, average); distribution of berries (on top, deep in vines, well distributed), and to give comments on the crop in general. A third questionnaire goes out the latter part of October upon which is based a release dated November 10. This gives produc- tion as indicated by reports from the growers after harvest, and in this they are asked to give total number of barrels haz'vested; de- tail by varieties; maturity of ber- ries (immature, usual, good); col- or of berries (poor, usual, good); size of berries (small, usual, 'arge); shrinkage of berries in screening (light, usual, heavy); keeping quality (poor, usual, ex- cellent); and fi'ost damage (none, slight, moderate). Then there is the final release for the year issued on December 18 which states what the total United States cranberry crop was, and gives a concise resume of the season and comparison in percent- ages with previous crops. Thei'e is no other Government report con- cerning cranberries until the re- vised and final figures are arrived at and released at the annual Cape Cod meeting of the next year. This final figure, "closing the books" for the year preceding, is of considerable interest to grow- ers also, as this becomes the mat- ter of actual record. This final set- ting down of the year's crop is based upon returns from every possible source of the utilization of the crop. It incudes shipments by rail and by truck of fresh fruit, of the amounts processed by the canners. Careful attention is triven so that there will not be any duplications. This check data on cianberry production probably coveis 97 per cent of the entire production. Included in this ac- counting is about 3 per cent to cover berries used by growers themselves, sold in the local mar- kets, and used in other ways which could not be expected to appear in records of crop movement and processing. Growers' Cooperation Vita) In conclusion, Mr. Stevens says: "The importance of grower co- operation in crop reporting work could not be over-emphasized." He is keenly appreciative of the splendid cooperation received from cranberry growers in past years and hopefu^ that such cooperation will show a good growth in the future. For some crops satisfac- tory estimates can be made from samples covering less than ten per cent of production. In the case of cranberries, however, very much larger samples are needed because of the extreme variation in size of bog, yields per acre, and the rela- tively small number of growers involved. In seme past years Mr. Stev^ens has received the coopera- tion of growers having nearly two- thirds of the total Massachusetts crop. More recently the sample data have covered only about one- haf the crop produced. Mr. Stevens The work of a crop statistician is highly specialized, and Mr. Stev- ens is trained both as a statistician and as an agriculturist. He was born in Reading, Massachusetts, where he still makes his home, at- tended the schools there, and was graduated from Reading High in 1915. He entered Massachusetts State College and was graduated with his B. S. in 1919. There he had majored in agriculture and minored in economics. At that time he did not know exactly what course he would pur- sue, but he knew it would be in agriculture in some capacity. Af- ter graduation he worked on a farm in the Connecticut Valley and then was with the Civil Ser- vice Commission in Washington for a year and a haf. He entered the crop reporting work of the United States Department of Agri- culture in 1922, as assistant to Mr. V. A. Sanders, formerly in charge of this work in New Eng- (Continued on Page 11) Nint Sprinkler Systems a ''Mus^ On Agenda of West Coast Growers Their Use for Frost Protection and Irrigation Universally Praised from One End of District to Other By Those Who Have Them — Those Who Do Not Plan Installa- tions. Sprinkler systems, West Coast growers unhesitatingly and appar- ently without exception agree, have proven almost the salvation of cranberry culture there, particu- larly in providing an effective and badly-needed method of spring frost protection. They will also assert that sprinklers are equally beneficial in supplying moisture when moisture is badly needed. Pacific growers who have the sys- tems now are completely "sold" on their value. Those who do not yet have them share intentions of installing them as soon as they individually can. Except for sprinklers during July of this very summer the Coast wou'd have suffered from drought as badly as did the crop in Massa- chusetts. Grayland and Long Beach in Washington had one of the driest summers on record, and when the weather is dry there it is dry. Summers are often nearly rainless. This past July was even more so than usual. Total rainfall for the whole month of July at Long Beach was .47 inch. Again sprinklers scored on the West Coast. Southern Oregon installed sprinklers primarily as a means of providing moisture in the rainless summers. Washington installed sprinklers with the primary hope of removing or lessening the ma- jor menace to successful crops there — spring frosts. The systems, declare Washington and Oregon growers who have them, have proven time and again their worth in both respects. Sprinklers are now in use in three of the four cranberry dis- tricts. There are no sprinklers as yet in Clatsop, owned by the five growers there, but the largest property, that of the Dellmoor Cranberry Company, will have them, and possibly others of the smaller growers, too. At Gray'and about 40 of the 160 growers have installed systems of one type or another. At Long Beach about half of the 60 grow- ers have them. At these areas spring frosts were taking heavy toll, and it was for frost protec- tion, particularly in the spring, they were installed, as fall frosts are usually of not much conse- quence. At Bandon about half of the 60 or more growers have them, Ten but here it was the dry summers that had the growers worried, al- though now they use them for frost as well when necessary, and that is not infrequently. They were used there this spring in May. They can be used in June without injury to the crop, which is, of course, a great asset. Spring frosts causing injury in May, through June and sometimes into July, had been a real handicap to successful cranberry growing in Washington. Something had to be done. Smudges, wind ma- chines and other methods were tried out without entire success. The theory of frost protection for cranberry bogs on the West Coast began with D. J. Crowley at the Washington experiment Station at Long Beach. Beginning of Sprinkler Use on West Coast The story of how the initial steps were taken to overcome the hazards of frost is told officially, first in the 25th Annual Report (1925) Bulletin 196, State College of Washington, Agricultural Ex- periment Station Pullman: "Temperatures of 30 degrees fahrenheit ki'led about 30 per cent of the blossom while in the hook stage. This season a small plot was sprinkled with water before freezing temperatures were reached. It is thought possible that where the depression lasts for only an hour or two, as is gener- ally the case during the blossom- ing time the use of sprinklers may reduce the injury, and this method will be tested more fully the com- ing year." The fo'lowing year there was a favorable report in bulletin No. 208 of the State College: "Sprinkling to Prevent Frost In- jury. In the annual report for 1925 a reference was made to the results obtained by sprinkling the cranberry vines with water to pre- vent frost injury. With the co- operation of one of the growers six sprinklers were procured and connected with the spray line in a bog which suffers from frost more frequently than any other. During the night of April 5th when the frost damage occurred these sprinklers were operated and the sprinkled plots showed no in- jury, while the rest of the bog was damaged considerabV- Dur- ing several light frosts which oc- curred later in the season the sprinklers were operated, and by June 1 it was noticed that the sprinkled plots were fully two weeks more advanced in growth than the surrounding bog, having escaped the setback which is al- ways noticeable even after a frost which does not kill the blossoms. It is hoped that arrangements can be made to continue with the sprinkling experiment on a much larger scale during the coming season." Mr. Crowley be'ieves that in this frost prevention the water acts more like snow than anything else. He feels the fall of this water holds the warm air of the ground around the vines, acting as an insulator against the cold air above. He does not know yet at how low a temperature sprinkler sys- tems can be used successfully, but he has successfully used sprinklers in a frost lasting three and one-ha'f hours in April where the frost by check, outside the sprinkled areas has gone to 24, and the sprinkled area was held from going below 32, and no dam- age was done. Use of Sprinklers Spread From this beginning at Long Beach many growers have in- stalled sprinklers on all or parts of their bogs, each following his own preference as to type and manufacture of sprinkler, as to piping and as to pumps. Some systems have been pretty much home constructed. One thing they do have in common in the temper- ate winter climate of Washington and Oregon, and that is that most leave their systems in place from season to season, draining out the water in the fall. Most prefer the 'hammer" or trip type of circu ar sprinkler which breaks the throw of the water. Some use metal pip- iing, some use wood for the main lines, and some hope to have a new plastic material after the war. Some elevate this piping on up- rights, some place it on wooden blocks, some merely lay it on the ground where the piping is vined over. Some piping is of the quick- detachable and quick-coupling type and some is not. There are few hard and fast rules as to kind of system, as to piping, or as to the spacing of the sprinklers. As an average sprink- lers are perhaps placed 60 feet apart and have a throwing radius of about 30 feet. Many throw much farther, however, depending on the pressure back of the sprink- ler. Most throw about four gal- lons a minute with a pressure of 30 to 40 pounds. A wide variety of pumps is used. Rolla Parrish, sprinkling nine acres of his Long Beach property, the largest layout on the coast, places his sprinklers 62 feet apart, staggered, to make certain all areas of the bog receive adequate coverage and there are no dry spots. These throw about 85 feet at 40 pounds pressure. His mains are of eight-inch diameter and of wood, with metal laterals. Charles A. Nelson at Long Beach has 49 sprinklers which he p'aces 60x60 feet apart, but which he now says are not quite as close as he would like to have them. The E. B. and Sumner Fish bog at Bandon has sprinklers spaced 76x100 feet with a radius of 100 feet at 40 pounds pressure at the pump, throwing 16 Vo gallons a minute. The Kra- nick property, also at Bandon, has the sprinklers spaced 60 feet apart, with a throwing radius of 100 feet at 40 pounds pressure. Here pipes are above the ground and of the quif^k-detachable type. The water for these systems comes from the sumps, wells, or irrigation ditches and as water always underlies the whole reeion there is an almost never-failing supply. Only rarely does the sup- ply become dangerously low — it was in this condition at Long Beach and Grayland this year, but the drought was exceptional. These systems, in both frost and moisture supply, require far less water than ditch irrigation for frost flooding. Growers estimate about one-tenth of the quantity of water for ditch protection is need- ed by the sprinklers. With the West Coast water sup- ply, the dry summers, and danger- ous spring frosts it is small won- der that sprinklers have received a cordial reception there. Thei'e the use of sprinklers is regarded so highly, in fact, that it seems to be universally agreed that with- out sprink'ers cranberry growing would not have made the progress it has made in the past few years. Sprinklers there are becoming practically a must" on the agenda of every grower. (Continued from Page 9) land, and succeeded him when the latter resigned in May 1927. Study in statistics was pursued at George Washington University while in Washington and later sup- plemented by further studies at Harvard University in 1925 and 1926. He took a brief refreslur course at Iowa State College as recently as 1941. That was tiu- one year he failed to give the re- port, at the annual Cape Cod meet- ing. Hobby Is Gardening Mr. Stevens' hobby is gardeninjz, and he has a property of an iu re and a half at Reading. He li:i> •■•'i ^*^ CRANBERRIES PHOT' TUl' — Vit-u oi' part of sprinkler system of L. M. Kranick's bog at Bandon, Oregon. CENTER & LOWER — Views of system of Rolla Parrish bogs at Long Beach. Wash. about thirty-five blueberry plants and raises nearly every kind of garden vegetab'e. He is not far from self-supporting in this re- spect. Except for potatoes, which he considers a waste of ground on a small area, he grows about everything his family needs. He raises turkeys and chickens and has owned a pig. When the urg- ent need for Victory gardening came along it found him right in his element and he has a fine one. He is married and has two sons. He is active and interested in the affairs of his community, and par- ticularly active in connection with church affairs. Another hobby is fishing, but this is a hobby which is not often indulged in, as crop reporting work seems to be a handicap. Eleven *1944* UNTIL THE V-DAY WHISTLES BLOW - We must continue working at every job we can which is aid- ing our United Nations Cause. We Must Not Let Down Now. More Foods, More Materials are needed to make sure that the V-Day Whistles will ring the sooner. Battles and Campaigns are baing won, but the war isn't over until Victory is actually won. This Is the 28th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. fiditMals ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER, 1944 Vol. 9 No. 5 tvit ^l^W^CWWOOWfw^^^* WEATHER, MASSACHUSETTS' ENEMY THIS YEAR MASSACHUSETTS cranberry growers, and seemingly those of New Jersey also, will take a definite licking on their cranberry crops this year, or at least many of them will. This is a year which has tested the courage of the Massachusetts growers particularly, with the gods who provide the weather making weather con- ditions just about as adverse as they could be. Fruitworm came along the worst ever. This is a year which also will test the soundness and stability of the Massachu- setts cranberry industry. Setbacks re- ceived this year are no laughing matter. Yet at the annual meeting of the Cape Cod Growers' Association when the bad crop estimate was given out there was no wailing or gnashing of teeth. Maybe the growers had gone through their bad mo- ments previously in private. It was "one of those years" that come in cranberry growing, they said, and "another year is coming". Income tax payments will not be as high in Massachusetts this year as last. Good crops and prices the past few years might have balanced this bad year for many — except for big income tax pay- ments. C. M. Chaney told members of the N. E. Sales Company last spring: "Under-pro- duction may be a chief problem in 1944." He was not exaggerating any. DESERVED THE award of the annual Jewitt beach plum prize to County Agent Bertram Tomlinson of Barnstable, Massachusetts, is a wise selection in our oiiinion and Mr. Tomlinson well deserves this recognition of his services in arousing interest in the possibilities in this natural product of the beaches of Cape Cod, New Jersey and elsewhere. Without his interest as a focal point for experimenters to rally around, as much progress toward cnllivation of the beach plum as has been -chieved could scarcely have been possibl GROWERS are going into the picking season this year, with '>ne hearing on a ceiling price upon fres' cranberries al- ready having been hek^ ^fore OPA, at Washington, but no . ision yet an- Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief, New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application nounced. This is one more disturbing factor in a season which has been one of the most "harrowing" on record — speak- ing for those growers in the East where the bulk of the crop is produced. If a ceiling is to be imposed growers hope that ample consideration will be given to the drastic shortness of the crop. WITH very little seeming interest — probably because there are so many more pressing matters to contend with — the time is approaching when something will begin to be known as to results of the cranberry variety breeding program. There will be sufficient berries produced this fall to begin certain studies. There should be something exciting in the fact that soon there v.'ill be cranberries as planned by man and not simply "improved" varieties of Nature's own designing. Thirteen CUT COURTESY MILWAUKEE SENTINEL Wisconsin Rezins Contributing To The War Effort The Rezin family of Wisconsin, one of the oldest in point of Wis- consin cranberry growing and most respected and largest group numerically in the cranberry busi- ness, is making contribution to the war in a number of ways, with nine sons in or having been in service. Mrs. William W. Rezin of Wisconsin Rapids (center, hold- ing cook book), whose picture above is reprinted through the courtesy of the Milwaukee Senti- nel, is the mother of five of these, and is shown in the picture as a blood donor. Arthur, son of Mr. and Mrs. William Rezin, is in the Army Air Force, Donald is in the Army, George in the Marines, Kenneth, honorably discharged from the Army and now helping his father in cranberry growing, and Edward left last July for service in the Merchant Marine. Douglas Rezin, son of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Rezin of Cranmoor, a bomber pilot, has been reported missing in action. They also have a son, Daniel, in service. Others are Richard, son of Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Rezin of Warrens, and Robert, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Rezin of Tomah. These families are all cranberry growers, and the William Rezins have another son. Earl, who is manager for the Berlin Marsh of Vernon Goldsworthy. Annual Meetings Held in Wisconsin Members of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company took up sev- eral important matters at the annual meeting at Wisconsin Rap- ids, August 15, among them a pro- posal to simplify tiie number of grades in the various Wisconsin varieties and the study of a mu- tual insurance conMiriny to protect growers from hail damage. Pres- ident A. E. Bennc- , named F. F. Mengel, chairman. Juy N. Potter and Guy Nash a ' ommittee to Fourteen study and report back. There was also discussion con- cerning picking machines which have been tried out experimentally in the area. Principal speaker was C. M. Mc- Grew, who told the growers as it then appeared the total crop of the country would not be greater than 500,000 barrels and might even go below that, depending upon the final results in Massachusetts, where the fruitworm was eating so disastrously and because of the drought in the east. The ten-year average for the past docade, he said, has been 630,000 barrels, while the last five-year period, pro- cuced 698,000 average. Government requirements, he said, would total 175,000 barrels, leaving but a possible 325,000 bar- rels for all civilian consumption. E. C. McGrew told of conditions in the East and particularly in Massachusetts were very discour- aging compared to what he found in Wisconsin, where the crop was then being set at 115,000, one of the largest of Wisconsin crops. The annual meeting of the Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers' Association was held in the after- noon, with President Bernard Bra- zeau presiding over one of the largest attendances in years. At this meeting growers were told by a representative of Agricultural Extension Service that Wisconsin cranberry growers must apply im- mediately to their county agents if they wanted Jamaican hai'vest- ers to get in the crop. The repre- sentative, Arlie Mucks, said he could oflfer the services of his de- partment if the growers would act without delay. Glenn Woodruff, head of the Office of Labor, War Food Administration, Madison, told in detail of the conditions of the employment of Jamaican and Barbadian laborers. L. A. Chase, special we'fare officer of the Bar- badian government, was also a speaker, telling of the good work these men are doing in the United States. As these workers were in demand, speakers said cranberry growers must not delay in making up their minds if they wished this harvest help. Dr. Neil E. Stevens was the in- troducer of Dr. Donald Coe of Madison, plant pathologist, who succeeds the late Noel Thompson, who had done considerable work in the past few years in connec- tion with the Wisconsin cranberry industry. Dr. Coe's services will now be available to the Wisconsin growers, as he wVl mainly give his attention to fruits. Head of the Wood County Ra- tioning Board answered questions , regarding ration pi-oblems con-| fronting growers. A. H. Hedlerf told briefly of a recent trip to thej West Coast. Vernon Goldsworthy,! secretary, distributed bound print- ed copies of the association min- utes, reports and papers, from 1938 through to 1943. FOR SALE EXCELLENT CRANBERRY LAND near Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, elevation 223 feet, frost- less belt, over 700 acres to choose from, ample water; 40, 80 or more acre tracts; $25.00 per acre. Tei'ms if desired. Wm. Ziedrich, Box 396, Coquille, Ore. Survey Indicates Demand for Postwar Dehydrated Foods Impressive Ceremony In Presentation of Minot ^'A" Award Makepeace Company Whole Cranberries In Group Is Found Acceptable In Chi- cc.q;o Test Survey. There may be a substantial i)Ost- wai- civilian market for many de- hydrated foods, including cranber- ries, according to an article in August 7th issue of "Food Field Repox'-ter". But, the report adds, a considerable sel'ing job needs to be done with housewives and fui'- ther research and experimentation to determine consumer attitude toward such foods are highly de- sirable. The government Bureau of Agricultural Economics has been making a "sampling" of house- wives in Chicago, and its findings are based upon the result of this. Cooperating in this survey were other branches of the Department of Agriculture and various private firms, including the A. D. Make- peace Company of Wareham, Mass. makers of the dehydrated cranber- rv product, "Crannies", (CRAN- BERRIES, March 1944). Purpose of the survey was to obtain an in- dication of the probable domestic market for dehydrated foods in the post-war period, and what foods would prove most acceptable. Be- cause the results were more favor- able to dehydrated foods than many people in the food trade wou'd have predicted, the bureau suggested further research along this line. The real significance of the result, report said, is that a large proportion of housewives do not appear to be definitely preju- diced against dehydrated foods and are willing to consider them with competitive foods when making purchases. The A. D. Makepeace company had furnished four-ounce samples, and Mr. Makepeace said he did not know how indicative of general taste for dehydrated foods the tests were, as they were admitted- ly on a small scale. He said the acceptance of these foods in gen- eral ran about 50 per cent, while the attitude of future buying of cranberries in dehydrated form from the sample offered the house- wives was 82 per cent. Representatives of Quarter- masters Corps and WFA at Ceremony held at Cum- berland Hotel, Bridgeton, New Jersey Bertram Tomlinson Is Given Jewett Beach Plum Award County Agent Bertram Tomlin- son of Barnstable has received the annual James R. Jewitt award by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University for the greatest con- tribution to the cultivation of the beach plum. He received the award, a check for $100, in a letter dated August 21. The letter was signed by E. D. Merrill, adminis- trator of this Jewett foundation of 85,000, and he was given the 1944 award for the work he had done in helping others in the culti- vation of this natural product. WRITES ON "ACxRICULTURAL ADVERTISING" Alois F. Wolf, economic analy ! for the Hills Brothers' Company of New York, is the author of an article, "Measuring the Effect of Agricultural Advertising", pn'- lished in a recent issue of 1' • "Journal of Farm Economics . Mr. Wolf is known to many cr berry growers in MassachusLii - and New Jersey, and was a speaV er at the annual meeting of t' ■ Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' A sociation at East Wareham : 1943. Mr. Wolf has received many letters commenting upon his arti- cle, including letters from Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agricul- ture Wickard, and others. He re- ceived some adverse letters from advertising agencies. Presentation of the coveted "A" for achievement in the food field by the War Food Administration to Minot Food Packers, Inc. of Bridgeton, New Jersey, was an elaborate af?air at the Cumberland Hotel at Bridgeton, August 14th. More than 150 employes of the plant and many guests were pres- ent, incuding heads of food pack- ing concerns of South Jersey which docs a great deal of food process- ing. Members of the Quarter- master Corps and War Food Ad- ministration executive participated in the dinner and shared in the in- spiring program. The formal presentation of the "A" was by Lieutenant Leverly (SC) United States Naval Reserve of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, who impressed upon all' the im- portant place food occupies in the maintenance of a sturdy fighting force, and its importance as a wea- pon of war. He congratulated the Minot company and workers upon their very worthwhile efforts, urging increased zeal in carrying on the good work. William E. Lyke, sales manager of Minot, presided, and the invocation was by Rev. Father Gooley. During THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tel. Mid.c;ieboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee Fifteen This Year Is A Disappointment To Many - - We don't need to tell you that. But we do say, in the expectation of a better crop and belter conditions next year, you are better prepared with the most up- to-date equipment. Early orders stand the best chance of receiving earliest at- tention. Next year's manufacturing quota is set — already a substantial proportion has been sold. We urge you FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION to place orders between now and November first. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. the evening there was orchestra music. The banner was formaPy ac- cepted by the factory superintend- ent, John J. Maggioncalda, and raised to the top of an improvised staff, during which the assembly arose and applauded the act. Mr. Maggioncalda in his remarks ac- cepted the challenge to increased effort and said the company would be eligible for the star in due course of time. Willis R. Morgan, state super- visor of distribution War Food Administration, in making the pin citation for the employes, declared the Minot Company had done a fine job. The pins for every em- ploye of Minot were accepted by Supervisor Badaracca, and Captain James OrdiFe of the Army Air Force, a former Minot employe, gave the token pins to three rep- resenting the women employees and Lieutenant Eugene Kessler, also formerly affiliated with the organization, presented the token pins to three men representing the male employes of the plant. The formalities of the evening closed with the singing of "The Star Spangled Banner", after which there was dancing. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) tistician Stevens in his report at the meeting said that of those re- porting 30 per cent said they would not pick at all this fall, although it is true most of these were small- er growers. TfEating Late — Fiuitworm is us- ually at its peak by August first, but this year the p est was still go- ing strong by the middle of the month and later. Fruitworm can Sixteen eat up to the end of September, and losses can continue to do con- siderable damage to berries in the screenhouse. It did not seem like- ly to Dr. Franklin that fruitworm would eat late this year, as its active span should be hastened by the extreme heat, but the damage had been done by picking time. TICryolite Effective — Cryolite very definitely came to the rescue of growers this year in the fruit- worm crisis which settled upon them, and except for this insecti- cide losses this year undoubtedly would be higher. Dr. Franklin ob- tained excellent results with Cry- olite dusting at the State bog, as he nointed out at the annual grow- ers' meeting. He dusted one small plot with DDT on which the kill was not satisfactory with two applications, one with. Sabadilla on which results were entirely un- satisfactory after one application, so a second was not tried and the rest of the bog was treated with Cryolite. The dividing line be- tween the parts treated with Cry- olite and the others was apparent at a glance, damage on the check plots being heavy, while the bulk of the bog treated with Cryolite showed fine results. Fruitworm injury on the check plots was 50 percent or more, while the injury was comparatively small on the acreage treated with Cryolite. UBarnstable Hit Hardest — Par- ticularly severe has been the crop failure in Barnstable County this year. By the beginning of Aug- ust estimates were down to one- third of a crop. By the end of August it was doubted if there would be a quarter crop. Certain it is that Cape proper growers have few cranben-ies this fall. One competent grower said he thought he might get 40 barrels from 40 acres. Many others wiU get but a fraction of a crop. Prac- tically the length and breadth of the Cape it was impossible to find a grower who had any satisfactory prospects, and there will be very few really good crops there. UScme Good Crops — There are some exceptions to the general bad crops, naturally. One of these in Plymouth County is the property of Ellis D. Atwood at Carver. This leading Massachusetts grower had a relatively short crop last year. This fall he was hoping to pick 9,000 or so bari'els, or a little bet- ter than his normal crop, and even this has been reduced by perhaps a thousand barrels by fruitworm, from his early estimate. Anotherl bright exception is the Lowellj Cranberry Company up in Middle- sex County. ^Deficiency Accumulating — The great drought of this year has been particularly bad in Massachusetts in the southeastern section where cranberries are known, and it is following an accumulated defic- iency in rainfall, according to the Boston Weather Bureau. In 1943 there was a deficiency of 7.89 inches as recorded at Boston, and by mid-August this year the de- ficiency was already 5.77 inches. The weather has been very dry in Southeastern Massachusetts since April, with the exception of June, which was about normal. As re- corded at the Massachusetts State Experiment Station, April brought 4.61 inches; May only .47 inches (normal is better than four); June had 3.21; July but .67 inches, and August only 1.48. TfAugust Heat Bad — The period of mid-August brought heat which "RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS" Pioneers: Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation For complete data write L. R. Nelson Mfg. Co., Peoria, 111. Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg., Glendora, Cal. For Oregon and Washington, R. M. Wade — Oregon Culvert & Pipe, Portland, Ore. broke all previous records with temperatures in the 90s for more than a week. The dryness and heat were broken somewhat on August 17 and 18 with light rain in some parts of Southern Massa- chusetts. There was just a trace of rainfall in Barnstable County and barely a trace on the Islands. Not enough anywhere to do any real good. WISCONSIN UCrop Up As August ended the Wisconsin crop was coming along fine and the prospect was still foi' 115,000, and probably more. Th^' size of the berries is unusually good this year. ^Some Drought Injury — After a drought of a fortnight, the dry- ness was broken by a heavy rair on August 14. The rain came in time to mitigate some of the cmp losses, but many bogs could not !>'■ expected to recover from th'- same great drought and heat whi( ' extended to the East. Official weather readings at Wiscon- Rapids before the rain had reat I 102 and 108 degrees, and the iu'a! left pastures brown, the coi ; "fired", and industries hampered the lack of water in wells and the Wisconsin river. WASHINGTON tIGood Crop Despite Drought — Despite an exceedingly dry July and August, as last month ended, prospects were still for an in- creased Washington crop, in the opinion of D. J. Crowley. There was never less rain than in July, and although the same conditions prevailed in August the bogs were holding up well and there was no evidence of drought injury. The berries, however, were rather standing still than increasing in size. On the whole crop there was little damage from insects of any kind; in fact, the bogs were clean- er than last year. While the wea- ther was dry and reasonably warm there were no very hot days in August and it was cooler than last season. UHarvesting about Sept. 15th — Harvesting was expected to start September 15th to 20th, and by that time the schedule usually calls for several good rains. The buds for next year's crop are al- ready showing up and it looks as if a good crop might be indicated for next year. There is less talk about labor shortages this year. !INelson Has Bumper Crop — There are some very good crops this year, although some were thinned out by frosts. One of the finest crops promises to be that of Charles A. Nelson of Nahcotta. He expects to get from 500 to 700 quarter boxes to the acre on his bog of four and one-half acres. It is said this estimate is conserva- tive, as the berries look as though they had been poured on the bog. OREGON !I.\dvisory Committee Meets — The Advisory Committee of Cran- berry Canners met at the Dellinger home in Clatsop County. August 20th to discusa plans. J. H. Windhurst came up from Oregon to represent that district, and Vic- tor Lindgren and W. S. Jacobson came down from Grayland and Rolla Parrish for Long Beach. Mrs. Dellinger represent i/ir^. om U me tune /^ call XTter X\« -Lie 1^ Distributor of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Peter A. LeSage Yarmouth Tel. 740 Tel. Barnstable 107 Pamphlet on Written Word of the Beach Plum "The Beach Plum. Its Written Record", an article by George Graves, appeared in the National Horticultural Magazine of April, 1944, which traces the first writ- ten mention of the beach plum as apparently one by John de Verra- zano, a Florentine explorer who sailed from Europe in 1524 and is believed to have reached America. The article mentions those who have contributed much to the cui'- rent interest in the beach plum, and says: "While many people have been recently interested in beach plums, the names of a few individuals stand out. One such is Bertram Tomlinson, a Cape Cod county agricultural agent, who has done as much as anyone to assemble information about the plant and its culture and to pass the facts along to the hundreds in his area who have been seeking it. His bulletin — probably the only publi- cation on the subject ever issued — appeared first in 19.38 and in re- vised form in 1941." Jamaicans (Continued from Pase 4) by the New England Cranberry Sales, beginning last June 15 for one year. The former army camp is now occupied entirely by these Jamaican agricultural workers. Growers who use the Jamaican help call for the men each morning and return them to the camp each night. The contract for the harvest work is expected to be at the rate of 90 cents an hour for the hours actually spent in cranberry scoop- ing. To start with, there will be a difference of about 20 cents an hour between the inexperienced Ja- maicans and the experienced scoop- ers. As soon as the Jamaicans show they have acquired the knack of using a scoop and are as effi- cient as the ordinary cranberry scooper, their contract calls for the same rate per hour. Their contract calls for employment for eight hours each working day, and if they are unable to get in this much time at scooping they are to be employed at other bog work, handling berries, screenhouse work, sanding, cutting brush, ditching, or on dikes, to get in a full day. For this work they will receive the prevailing rate for such work and not the hourly scooping rate. They may, of course, also be employed at a box rate, if grow- ers do any piece-work harvesting this fall. The Jamaicans are contracted chiefly to the New England Cran- bei-ry Sales Company and Cran- berry Canners, A. D. Makepeace J. J. BEATON M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years Co. and J. J. Beaton Co., and through these individual growers who require their services are tak- en care of. This imported agricultural help has proven satisfactory to the Massachusetts growers this sum- mer, and they will help materially in the harvest this fall. Robert W. Miller of the War Food Ad- ministration, who is in charge of the group, said he had never work- ed with a "finer bunch" of em- ployes than the cranberry growers, finding they "know what they want", are able to work together and have been entirely cooperative with him and the workers in his care. He said he had not a single complaint to make, and as far as he knew the growers had none. OPA Holds Meetings For Ceiling Prices On Cranberries A preliminary meeting to con- sider the imposition of a ceiling price upon cranberries this fall was held before John Dinsmore, chair- man fi'iiits and vegetables division of OPA at Washington, August 24. At this writing the report is that no permanent decisions were made, but a meeting to take in the whole cranberry industry was to be held September 5th. This meeting would include about 15 representa- tives of cranberry growers and perhaps ten or so others represent- ing distributors, wholesalers, a rep- resentative of the American Fruit and, Vegetable Growers' associa- tion and any others who have a di- rect stake in the cranberry crop of the country. This meeting would include mem- bers or representatives of the New England growers. New Jersey, Wisconsin and the West Coast. It would be an industry-wire meeting to lay facts before OPA. At the first meeting representa- tives of the Sales Companies, New England, New Jersey and Wiscon- sin, the American Cranberry Ex- change, Cranberry Canners, and in- dependent distributors of fresh fruit and processors were request- ed to attend. Twenty MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC BRIDGETON. N. J. July 27, 1944 TO OUR FRIENDS: Thank you, Massachusetts and New Jersey Grow- ers, Beaton Distributing Agency, and one and all, for your splendid cooperation which has been a large factor in our being singled out by our Government in the awarding of the War Food Administration Achievement "A" Award. We know you will continue this spirit of coopera- tion and for our part we will strain ourselves to the limit "To carry on that our boys will be well fed with Quality Foods." Sincerely yours, MINOT FOOD PACKERS. INC. D. D. CONWAY, President P. S. Consult our Cape Cod Representative, Beaton Dis- tributing Agency, before selling your 1944 crop of cranberries. In 1943 the average net price paid to Massachusetts Growers was $14.85 per barrel. Eatmor Cranberries CO-OP QUOTES "Now is the time for farmers to build strong cooperatives — to give their full support to the marketing agencies they own, control and operate. In the final analysis, the success or failure of cooperatives depends largely upon whether or not they receive the active cooper- ation of the farmers they are set up to serve." NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative" 'RESENTING AN $8,000,0UU A YEAR INDUSTRY \?E COD EW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PH. \VM. LITSCHKE— I'uincur of Pacific Northwest Dctober, 1944 25 cents U. S. Army Order Placed for Cape Cod Beach Plums as a Cape Cod brand instead of be- ing shipped away to be aduterated and used as a filler for other fruits. Mr. Clifton says he would like to see a beach plum association formed, patterned after the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associa- ; tion and the Blueberry Growers' Association fornT^d last spring. His company is willing to lend its support to such a movement in any way to aid its development. The Cape Cod beach plum has now taken its place with those fruits beino: ordered by the United States Army for men in the ser- vice. Cape Cod Products, Inc., of Hyannis, Massachusetts, hast been awarded a contract for a 'arge quantity of wild beach plum to be packed in two-pound jars, for use by the Navy. T. E. Clifton, head of the com- pany, said he had interviewed the Government in an attempt to arouse interest in beach plums, as their purchase requirements had been for Damson plums. Green Gauge or Japanese, and he went to Army headquarters with a, sam- ple. He then received an order for a carload of No. 10 tins, packed for export a year ago, and the present order is an outgrowth of that first call. The Cape Cod plant is partic- ularly designed for processing beach plum jam and jelly, and is processing an increasing amount each year. It is being merchan- dised as a true Cape Cod product and the firm is attempting as much as possible to keep the fruit on Cape Cod so that it may be sold Decas Cranberry Co. Wareham, Massachusetts Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES We are in position to buy all the berries any grower has to send us. Telephone Wareham 147 COOPERATION Cooperative Effort is vitally necessary in the time of a crop failure. Cooperative Effort is equally desirable in the time of a crop success. Cooperation is necessary all the time ,„_ 4. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin ,„ 4. Have You Supplied Your Share of Cranberries for Dehydration For U. S. Armed Forces? FIUHTS Uncle Sam asks for 100,000 barrels of cranberries to be dehydrated by Cranberry Canners, Inc. for the boys overseas. That means 25U of every grower's crop. Have you supplied your share? Send your 25% as soon as possible to the nearest Cranberry Canners' plant, specifying that it is for the "Army Pool." As stated in the gov- ernment contract, cranberries for dehydration must be "well developed, mature, hard, dry, of good natural color." Pies, floats, and pale ber- ries cannot be dehydrated, but may go into the "Canning Pool." Higher prices in 1944 for both dehydrated cranberries and canned cranberry sauce assure members of satisfactory returns. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Coquille, - Oregon Markham, Wash. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, HI Bordentown, N. J. Giirnee, 111. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS ^ BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass, Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinetfe & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION E. T. Cault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Middleborough Trust Company MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecficides ^^HTllVLi^^ The Rogers k Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Man. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIENS7y//er THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 5oa BRILLION, WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W N. J. Growers Held Annual Meeting- Aug. 31 (Too late for Last Issue) A large attendance, about 145, was present at the 75th annual convention of the American Cran- berry Growers' association August 31st at the "Hog Wallow", bogs of Ethelbert and Kalph Haines near Chatsworth, N. J. New Jersey's crop outlook then was to not ex- ceed 59,000 barrels, according to D. 0. Boster, U. S. Department of Agriculture statistician. Some growers expressed disagreement wwith Mr. Boster's figures. Featured speaker of the meeting wa."^ Dr. Henry J. Franklin of Mas- sachusetts, w^ho submitted an in- formal report of his observations of the New Jersey bogs, having spent two days prior to the meet- ing going over the bogs and studying what might be done to bring back Jersey production. He urged more use of gi-ound dusters. He told the Jersey grow- ers that their scooping damage was perhaps not as severe as they be- lieved, as he thought growers may confuse this injury with damage from false blossom and shallow rooting on bogs that have not been re-sanded. He said setting cuttings six inches apart in new plantings improves anchorage against scooping. Cliarles A. Doehlert, acting chief New Jersey Cranberry and Blue- berry Station, emphasized sanding to eliminate false blossom and spoki^ on the best use of water to (Continued on Pa^e 9) office of Price Administration To Put Cranberries Under Ceilings Higher Prices For Processed Berries Allowed On September 16 the Office of Price Administration cleared and issued through facilities of OWI an advance press release that cran- berries, both fresh and proecssed, would be brought under price con- trol "soon", for the first time, but at the end of September the price regulations had not been written and made effective. These F. O. B. ceiling prices for shipping points in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island and New York, using Wareham, Mass., as the basing point (freight from Wareham to be added to these prices to arrive at a delivered ceil- ing price from all shipping point to all destinations) are: Beginning of season through October 8 $5.50 Oct. 9 through Oct. 29 5.65 Oct. 30 through Nov. 19 5.80 Nov. 20 to end of season 5.95 In the regulations as written, OPA will provide the same kind of dollars-and-cents distributors' markups, including retail markups, which are used for other fruits and vegetables. The ceilings will be high enough, OPA said, to com- pensate for a small crop, which was estimated at about 65 per cent of normal so that the highest retail ceilings were expected to be about 40 cents per pound. OPA press release said there was a very high demand by the armed forces for dehydrated cran- berries. This order will place all cran- berries, without regard to variety, into pools governed by the four different shipping periods named. This, Mr. Chaney said in a letter to Exchange members, substantial- ly follows the pattern of a normal marketing procedure and results for the past several years, as crops from the different growing sections come on the market. Mr. Benson of the New England Sa^es Co. said he thought this procedure will probably be reasonably satisfac- tory and fair to the growers in all producing areas. As picking got underway in Massachusetts, it became evident that the preliminary estimate of 230,000 barrels for that state an- nounced on August 24th was too high, due to the continued drought shrinking the size of the berries, and to even more fruitworm injury than was expected. Therefore C. D. Stevens of the New England Crop Reporting Service had re- vised this estimate downward by 25,000 barrels and this figure of 205,000 was accepted and released from Washington under date of September 11. This revised figure was given consideration by OPA in fixing the maximum prices as announced Sept. 16th. The writing of this ceiling di- rective, with its markups not ai'- i-ived at on September 16, is done with consultation between OPA (Continued on Page 9) Canned cranberry ceilings have not been announced as this is writ- ten, but the price for sliced and whole dehydrated cranberries in the Army order to Cranberry Can- ners has been raised from $1.75 a pound in 1943 and fixed at $2.35. Size of the oi-der to be processed for the Government by Canners has been reduced from 150,000 pounds to 100,000; that is, the Gov- ernment is asking for approximate- ly 100,000 barrels instead of 150,- 000. This reduction was announced September 5, the action being- taken in consideration of the crop disaster in Massachusetts and New Jersey. Mr. Urann says that in Canners' talks with Government officials they have signified their intention to establish prices for canned sauce which will give the grower just about the same returns, whether he sells his berries fresh, canned or dehydrated. "There may be a slight variation one way or the other", he has said, "depending upon the vo'ume of berries sup- plied for canning and dehydrating, and the expenses involved, but it is not expected there will be very much difference in the net returns to growers." For both canning fi'uit and berries for dehydration for the Army, Mr. Urann says it is expected about 20 cents a pound (Continued on Pa^e 8) M. L Urann Giving ''Behind the Scenes Broadcasts // Is Speaking Weekly by Ra- dio to Those in Massachu- setts of Fast-Moving Events of This Harvest- Market Season In view of the uncertainties and fast-changing conditions of this 1944 marketing season to keep growers posted on what is going on "behind the scenes", M. L. Urann, president of Cranberry Canners, Inc., has taken to the air in a series of weekly broadcasts to Massachu- setts cranberry growers. The first of these was September 20th at 7.45 p. m. from Stations WNBH, New Bedford and WOCB at Yarmouth on the Cape, while the second was from the same stations September 27 at 1 o'clock, and the third, Wednesday, Oct. 4, was scheduled for the same time. It had been decided the noontime Four hour might find more growers with the opportunity to listen in. It is the hope of Cranberry Can- ners in these talks by Mr. Urann that growers will be better enabled to understand the unprecedented situations of this fall as they arise. Copies of the talks are available immediately after each broadcast to Massachusetts grow- ers who missed them, and growers in other states may have one by requesting a copy from CC. Mr. Urann in his first talk sketched the growth of Canners into the powerful unit it is now, and said the growth of the com- pany has made the steering of a course more difficult, and this year with many wartime restric- tions and regulations being issued from Washington, cranberry grow- ers have many questions on their minds concerning price ceilings. Government orders, and what is going on. He said he would pre- fer personal talks with each grow- er if such a thing was possible. He asksd growers to write to the broadcasting station or to Canners, direct, any questions they wished him to answer. The increasingly short crop has presented a problem to growers as to how they should market their crop. Mr. Urann urged growers to first send 25 per cent of their crop to the Army pool, then run the rest through preferably a one- half inch screen, sending aU that went over to the fresh market and the rest to Canners. This, he said, would divide their crop about half and half. With two processing pools by Canners, one Army dehy- dration and the other civilian sauce, and ceilings on fresh fruit, he said there would be little dif- ference in return to the grower (Continued on Page 9) Issue of October, 194 4 — Vol. it, No. G Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 2G, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS TI85 Extra Jamaican Workers Here — Instead of 250 additional Jamaican workers to augment the 150 men who have been working" on Massachusetts bog's since early summer, 85 more have been as- signed to the harvest. This 250 was originally planned to have come about September 1, and then it developed that shipping trans- portation from the island was not available, and it was hoped they might be sent directly to the cran- berry district by September 15th. As they could not arrive to be of use at the start of picking and the crop prospects continued to slide off, growers who would have re- ceived this extra help decided it would not be necessary to have so many, and the 85 were transferred to Massachusetts from other fields of agricu'tural work in this coun- try. They were assigned in di- minished quotas to New England Cranberry Sales, Canners, and in- dividual growers in Massachusetts who had contracted for additional fall help. !ISeptember Rains — The long drought was broken amply in September, when for the entire month a total of 4.29 inches fell, as recorded at Mass. State Bog. This was approximately a normal amount of moisture for September. The hurricane, however, did not bring the bulk of this rainfaP, as might have been expected. During the hours of the actual storm only .98 inch fell, as recorded at the State bog, even though the im- pression of the driving rain was that it was heavy. Frosts hit the battered Massa- chusetts on the mornings of Sept. 24th and 25th, for the impending cold of the night of Saturday, Sept. 23, Dr. Franklin sending out a forecase of "dangerous frost", minimum 23. How these warn- ings finally reached all growers may only be surmised at, as many telephone lines were still out of order and e'ectricity was just be- (Continued on Pa^e 15) Ceiling Prices, Hurricane, and Shrinking Massachusetts Crop Make Season Hectic; Cranberry Exchange Quotes First Prices To say the situation this fall, particularly in the eastern dis- tricts, is "chaotic", might be an exaggeration, but it certainly is a confusing and harrassed harvest- marketing season. With the hur- ricane and its havooc and several interrupting rains, there was a major delay of about ten days in Massachusetts and lesser inter- ference in New Jersey. There was reavy rain on September 12th and then the hurricane hit on the 14th and practically stopped a 1 picking and packing. There was so much damage to roads because of fallen trees that many growers were un- able to get in to their bogs for harvesting or to get berries out. Packing houses were shut down for lack of power, with the countless lines pulled down. Heavy rain fell again on tre night of Sept. 21, nreventing full picking on the fol- lowing day, so everything was pretty much he'd up for this entii'e period. With an impending price ceiling and advance announcement of ceil- ings to be imposed, but not written and made etTective, the American Cranberry Exchange w-as forced to delay setting an opening price as usual at the early September directors' meeting in New York, ?nd this fact further added to the feeling of uncertainty. At the same time the Massachusetts crop was continuing to shrink as re- turns came in, and toward the close of the season the New Eng- land Sales Company was making a still further reduction of the Massachusetts crop to 185,000, which it considered "plenty high". At a directors' meeting Sept. 29th, Mr. Benson was placing the figure as based on Sales Company Blacks picked down to 155,000 barrels. A major reason for the sma 1 crop of Early Blacks in Massachusetts was that they were below average size (because of the long dry spell) resulting in a much larger propor- tion of pie berries than normal. Some crops were reported as run- ning as high as 20 per cent pies, or about four times normal. In a notice to its grokers and customers on September 23, as ber- ries had to be moved, the Exchange quoted prices for such shipments as it could make between then and October 5th, F. 0. B. Massachu- setts shipping points, quarter bar- rel boxes: Cape Cod Early Blacks (Skipper, Chanticleer. Mayflower brands), $6.50; New Jersey Blacks (Heather and American Beauty brands), $6.50. The notice said those prices wou'd apply also on the few cars that had already been shipped with the understanding that the reg- ular Exchange opening price would apply- In the event ceiling prices be- come effective before customers had sold the berries offered in the quotation and had delivered them to their customers, refund was to be made on floor stocks remaining undelivered out of any carlot or truck shipments (including split carlots) received by customers ten days or less before price ceilings became effective at such custom- er's place of business. The basis on which the refund was to be made if it became necessary was to be the F. O. B. ceiling price p'us freight, or the delivered price, whichever was higher, and would include a markup of not less than 25 cents per box nor more than the ceilirg mark-up allowed (if more than 25 cents) for selling and dis- tribution services performed by the Exchange. Beaton's Distributing Agency of ^^■al«':lam, largest independent dis- (Continued on Page 18) Five J. J. Beaton, Largest Independent Grower & Shipper, Passes Away Dies at . Wareham, Mass., September 23, at 78 — From Modest Beginning He Achieved Outstanding Success and Position in Cranberry Industry — In- novated Half and Quar- ter-Barrel Shipping Box John J. Beaton, 78, president of the J. J. Beaton Company and of Beaton's Distributing Agency, passed away at Wareham, Massa- chusetts, Saturday morning, Sep- tember 23. His passing takes from the cranberry industry its largest independent grower and independent distributor of Cape Cod cranberries and a man who for many years had been one of the dominant figures in and a true leader of the industry. From a very modest beginning about forty years ago, Mr. Beaton had achieved outstanding success as a distributor and grower and a position as a leading figure in the cranberry world. As he built his own interests to their commanding proportions, the strength he de- veloped pdJcd to the advancement and strength of the industry. Entering the cranberry field just after the turn of the century, he was a part of the greatest devel- opment in cranberry growing. He always played a forceful, active ro^e. His invaluable counsel was sought and given on all matters of greatest importance as affecting the business of the growing of cranberries. He had served as president of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association and as member of all major committees. The J. J. Beaton interests control and operate about 650 acres of bog in Massachusetts, extending from Halifax in Plymouth County to Yarmouth on the Cape, including properties in Plymouth, Kingston, the Carvers, Wareham, Cataumet and Falmouth. Normal produc- tion of the J. J. Beaton Company is figured as between 25,000 and 30,000 barrels. All stock and in- terest in this company is owned and controlled within the Beaton fami'y. Beaton's Distributing Agency handled the crops of 76 Massachu- setts growers, among them being a number of the larger and most influential cranberry men in the state. Together with the produc- tion of the J. J. Beaton Company the Agency distributed to the mar- kets 60,000 or more barrels nor- mally, this rising to 86,000 bar- Six Courtesy Standard-Times rels in 1942 and 70,000 last year, representing a combined acreage of about 2,000. About one-fifth of the total Massachusetts production normally goes through this agency. The agency was organized in 1931, before that Mr. Beaton hav- ing sold as an individual agent. He was a member of the Cran- berry Advisory Committee, com- prising a group which met fre- quently to discuss and make de- cisions regarding matters of pol- icy within the industry. He was a director and stockholder in Cran- berry Canners, Inc. He was a di- rector and had served two terms as president of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. He was a charter member of the American Fruit & Vegetable Ship- pei's' association which was merged with the United Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Association. He was also a member of the International Shippers' Association. He was the originator in im- provements in shipping containers and introduced the half-barrel and then the quarter-barrel shipping- box to the cranberry trade and was one of the first to use the eighth barrel In 1942 the J. J. Beaton Com- pany completed an enormous and thoroughly modern screenhouse at South Wareham. Begun just be- fore the War, this building in the form of a "T" in story and a half design contains 35,000 square feet of space, with a frontage of 204 feet, making it the largest screen house in the industry. Here ar consolidated most of the screening packaging (including cellophan pack), and shipping facilities the company. Screening and ship ping was formerly being done fror several screenhouses. The oflic and headquarters of the Beato Company and Distributing Agene are located in a building on Mai street, Wareham, completed 1938. Mr. Beaton was born Februar; 12. 1866 at Beaton's Mills, Princ. Edward Isand, Canada, the son o Donald M. and Sarah C. Beaton Beaton's Mills was named for thi Beaton family, and his father op erated a lumber and grist mill He had always retained his interes in the place of his birth and hac owned a large farm about threr miles from the mills where he was born, and tris he visited each year in late years before the war, us I ually by airp'ane from Monckton New Brunswick. The propertj contained 220 acres in all, witl three miles of waterfront, includ ing some beautiful beaches. Aboui 160 acres was in pasture and he maintained a herd of cattle. For a short time he lived in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and camt to Wareham about 55 years ago During- his early lesidency he con- ducted a meat business. He became interested in tht cranberry business about 1904 when he began buying berries foi a wholesale firm in Philadelphia (Sigler & Swain), and for N. A. Coble of Chicago, who was a big buyer and a power in the buying of berries around Wareham. He aso bought for A. J. Wilkinson of Philade'phia and Boston. This was before the National Fruit Ex- change was formed in 1907, later (1911), becoming the American Cranberry Exchange. Mr. Beaton always reinained an independent operator. The Beaton Agency for some years had bought considerable quantities of berries each fall for Minot Food Packers, Inc. of Bridgeton, N. J., large independent food processors. When he began buying berries as an agent, Wareham was a great gathering point for buyers, who made their headquarters at the former Kendrick House. It was in the day of horse and buggy, and he made trips by that means over the territory immediately adjacent to Wareham, hiring a horse and rig from Galligan's livery stable, remembered still by older residents of Wareham. He sometimes took a train, walking in to bogs. That was in a day of keen competition for cranberries between the big commission merchants. Before becoming an agent on a large scale he made a trip to the West Coast, travelling by (.ly coach, the trip taking two or th r'e months. He visited many of ttie cities of the country, surveyint,' possible opportunities before him and making personal contacts. The first large accounts he han- dled were those of the late James T. Hennessy and L. B. Handy, operating as Handy & Hennessy. He also handled berries of the Ware Brothers bog and the late S. Frank Ryder among his earliest accounts. He entered the field of cranber- ry growing when he bought the Hogan and Fisher bog of Rose Brook, Wareham, obtaining title May 27, 1916. This bog, 10 acres in size, bought on a note, com- plete" y paid for itself with its first crop. His second bog was that of the Rose Brook Cranberry Com- pany principal owner Walter My- rick, on the same Rose Brook stream. This was a bog of 40 acres. Next he bought the Crock- er bog, also in Wareham. Mr. Beaton has stated that it was easier then for a man with very limited capital to get started in the cranberry industry. Bogs were much lower in cost to buy or build and it was easier to obtain credit. Labor costs were far less than in recent years. Not long after he bought the "Sagamore" bog and the Cataumet bog, these being in Barnstable county on the Cape, and during the past ten years the J. J. Beaton Cranberry Company which was reorganized in 1933 made large in- creases in its holdings. Mr. Beaton was active in other matters than cranberry affairs. He was a director of the Wareham Cooperative Bank and was the owner of the Onset Lumber Com- pany. During the early years of the depression, preceding the war, chiefly as a matter of service to the community, he purchased the Wareham Manufacturing Conipany horseshoe manufactory) to prevent it from being closed down and the employes being out of work. Un- der his direction it was operated successfully and he sold this busi- ness a few years ago. He was interested in various town and community matters and served on various committees. He was active in the parish work of the First Congregational ciuirch of Wargham. and a member of Wankinquoah Lodge, L O. O. F. He was married twice, his first wife being Nettie C. Hegarty of West Wareham. Following her death he married Miss Edith Lay- cock, a former school teacher, who with two sons and four daughters survive him. His children are Melville C. Beaton, associated with his father in the cranberry indus- try in Wareham; John J. Beali^n, (Cootiqued OQ Pac* 8) Associates In Cranberry Industry Pay Tribute To Mr. Beaton JOHN J. BEATON A tribute to one to whom tribute is due. That is my reason for writing of John J. Beaton. A sincere man, and a friend. You felt this at his very approach. Oh, the power of a kindly and charming personality! He was thoughtful; he was earnest; he was efficient; he was diligent in business; in very good and noble ways he was a servant of the Lord. Think of the fortune he made, and made honestly, and. after the prime of life! Think of the service he rendered to his friends, to his community, and to the cranberry industry! Think of the fine family he reared! Oh, the value of an honest, effective life! He has left us, but those of us who believe, as it is probably best for us all to believe, will hope to clasp his hand and hear his voice again one day. HENRY J. FRANKLIN John Beaton will be missed as an active businessman, a good, citizen, and a friend. His visible successes were many and known to all. He saw oppor- tunities; he created opportunities; he succeeded where others hao tried and failed. His activities, acquaintances and friendships extended from coast to coast. That other side of his life, less publicized but most satisfying to him and admired by his acquaintances, were his love of home and its associ- ations, his generous community spirit, his steadfast friendships and loyalties. JOHN C. MAKEPEACE I had. known John J. Beaton for many years, and w^as extremely fond of him, personally. Hosts of friends will join me in acknowledgement of his virtues — a sense of high integrity, a builder, and a truly successful man of busi- ness, a man who was implicitly trusted. CHARLES L. GIFFORD IN APPRECIATION JOHN J. BEATON — A builcer, a man with vision, a man with high ideals of service to his fellow men, a man with objectives and the energy and courage to promote them, has passed to that land from which no traveler returns. To us who knew him intimately, who laughed and. played with him, we have sweet memories to make our lives richer, and the record of a successful man to encourage us. But greater than this personal loss of friendship and business help- fulness is that greater loss that no longer will the industry to which he has so definitely and liberally contributed over a long term of years have the benefit of his vision, courage, and wise counsel. We who knew him and his ideals must now dedicate ourselves to carry on the work which he so ably supported. No better monument can be erected to him, no efl'ort will better keep his memory fresh, and his influence active than for us to emulate' the example his life set for us., MARCUS L. URANN Seven I think it was about 1914 that, as a cranberry grower, I became associated with the late John J. Beaton. During thirty years of con- tinued association, particularly the past thirty years with their varied economic conditions, one learns to know people rather intimately. I think I can best pay tribute to Mr. Beaton by stating that the longer I knew him the more I respected and admired, him. The cranberry industry has lost a wise and able leader, the com- munity has lost a good citizen and neighbor, and I personally have lost one of my closest and dearest friends. CHESTER A. VOSE, Marion, Mass. We have long enjoyed our associations with Mr. Beaton and, our mutual relations have always been of the most pleasant. Our member- ship will deeply regret the passing of John J. Beaton as friend and fel- low cranberry grower, and the loss to the industry is a g:rievous one. ARTHUR D. BENSON, General Manager New England Cranberry Sales Co. (Continued irom Page 7) Jr., Miss Blanche C. Beaton, and Mrs. Katherine Hammond, all of Wareham; Mrs. Pauline Drum- mond of New Hampshii-e; Mrs. Mary V. Thompson of Falmouth; eight grandchildren and several g-reat-grandchildren. He also is survived by three sisters, Mrs. Ella Baker of Lynn, Mrs. G. Ray- mond Al'en of Landsdown, Pa., and Mrs. Ralph LeBaron of South Middleboro, also one brother, Peter G. Beaton of West Wai'eham. Funeral services were held Tues- day afternoon at 2 o'clock, at tk^ First Congregational church. Cran- berry associates, town officials, business associates, employees, relatives and friends gathered in the church, filling it to capacity, to pay their final respects. A wealth of flowers paid si'ent trib- ute to the high esteem that he held in the community and among those with whom he came in con- tact. The schools closed at noon as a mark of respect to Mrs. Beaton, who is prominently connected with the schools as a member of the school committee. Rev. Oscar L. Olsen, pastor of the church, officiated. Miss Elmina Hollis played several hymns be- fore the service and "Nearer, My God, to Thee" during the services. Pall-bearers were his nephews, E liott G. Beaton, Gilbert T. Bea- ton, Eugene K. Baker and John C. Beaton, all of Wareham, and Har- old Baker and Albert Baker of Lynn. Burial was in the Beaton lot in the Center cemetery. OPA Ceiling (Continued from Page 4) and the War Food Administration, and when an agreement is reached tho order actually written and de- c'ared, the order becomes effective. A period of grace can be allowed. As this was written this had not been done, so September ended IN MEMORY of our FRIEND AND ASSOCIATE JOHN J. BEATON MINOT FOOD PACKERS, INC. JOHN H. KESSLER DAN D. CONWAY with no ceiling in effect upon cran- berries. The ceiling prices were not as much as leaders in the industry nor the committee which m.ade two trips to Washington to appear be- fore a joint meeting of OPA and the WFA, had hoped might be granted. This committee of the industry was organized on June 26th, the personnel of which comprised members of the Exchange, Can- ners, independent growers and dis- tributors and processors, and was active in cooperating with OPA and WFA in providing information concerning the cranberry industry. It subsequently was called to Wash- ington first on August 29th and again on September 6. The committee, with the assist- ance of a competent attorney, had prepared a 42-page typewritten brief, although Mr. Chaney told members of the New England Sales Company at their September meeting that unti' he had held con- versations with an OPA official early in August there had seemed to be a possibility that cranberries might escape a ceiling this year, as well as previously. The brief was presented to OPA with copies to WDA on August 29th at the hearing before the boards. That this brief was very efficiently prepared is borne out by the fact that in a circular to Ex- change members Mr. Chaney quot- ed from a bulletin issued on Sept. 6 by the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, the largest trade association in the fresh fruit and vegetable trade, and sent to their entire membership, in which the Association said it wished to "compliment the writers (of this brief) for having turned out one of the clearest and most convincing documents of its kind we have ever had the pleasure of reading." B&iMIBBH Processed Berries (Continued from Pace 4) or $20.00 a barrel for either will be paid by Canners.. Canners announced this year, ii view of the higher prices granted by the Army, it will pay an ad- vance of 10 cents a pound, or $10 a barrel, instead of $5.00 a barrel. With the Army requirement of 100,000 barrels and the total crop of the country now being estimated at about 400,000 barrels, to meet this proportion of the crop to be furnished to the armed forces would call for appi'oximately 25 per cent of each growers' produc- tion. Mr. Urann is now asking for this 25 per cent instead of the 30 per cent he originally requested. The ceiling price for canned Eight cranbenies when named will >e jiiohei- than the consumer has bei ti paying, high enough so that it i( - fl-^cts the approximately $20 a bar- rel the grower will get for his can- mpfr stock, Mr. Urann has been told. The shift in point values, effer'- tive September 17, removed 17 foods from the rationed list com- pletely and great'y raised the points on those remaining. Cran- berry sauce was not among those removed and the point value was raised from 12 to 40 points. How- ever, orange-cranberry marmalade, which formerly called for six points, is now point free. N. E. Cranberry Sales Co. Holds Evening Fall Meeting Urann Broadcasts (Continued from Page 4) however he marketed his crop. At the time of his second broad- cast, he said, 71.000 barrels of the 100,000 needed for the Army had been pledged, pnd 40.000 of the 60.000 wanted for canning. Growers, he said, are not only in business to make monev this year, but to insure the value of their cranberry bogs and to assure good, fair prices for cranberries every year, and that Canners was a cooperative organized fourteen years ago to process a part of the crop to this purnose. "This year we are faced with man'*' problenis and there are many difficulties to overcome. The better vvo under- stand each other and the mo'-e we work as one team the groatci our chance of success." These broadcasts, he announced on September 27, wil continue weekly during the height of the season, thrn semi-weekly, and per- haps monthly after that. New Jersey Meeting (Continued from Page 3) k"en the vines in good fruiting con Mtion as a major point in any program for restoring New Jersey crops. C. M. Chaney spoke of the crop outlook as it then appeared. Dr. F. B. Chandler of the Department of Agricu'ture described work iv developing varieties resistant l ■■ false blossom. Lester Collins, pusL president, paid a tribute to Charles S. Beckwith, late chief of the New Jersey Cranberry Station, stress- ing his sterling qualities. Joseph White Darlington, president, in his address stressed the import- ance of all growers of various af- filiations meeting together to buihi up production. This was a morning session ai after lunch there waas inspectii' of bogs. Proceedings of the met 1 ing are expected to appeal- October, and will be avai'able all members of the association. Large Attendance at This Night Session Hears Defi- nite Report of Increasing Crop Shortage Sept. 8 as Picking Was About to Get Started — Ceiling Not Then Set Members of New England Cran- berry Sales Company at the an- nual fall meeting, September 8th, were told what they sadly already knew, that the crop wou'd be small, perhaps even smaller than most had f ared. and it seemed certain cranberries would be under a ceil- ing this fal'. With very good esti- mating returns from members. Manager Benson said the crop would certainly not go over 200,000 barrels for Massachusetts and was more likely to be from 185,000 up to that figure, and that was the Sales Company estimate at that time. Mr. Chaney said prospects had steadily declined since the Government estimate of 444,800 barrels, released August 22, and he did not think the crop would go much more than 400,000. Estimates of the Company mem- bers gave a production to be han- dled by the Company as 118,567 barrels, or a 53.2 per cent decrease from last year, and allowing the same rate of decrease for those members who did not report their prospects and adding these he said the outlook for the New England Sa'es crop then was for a total of only 123.630. President Ruel S. Gibbs said he was forced to agree with Mr. Benson's figures and that personally he was willing to gam- ble the Massachusetts crop would be around 180 to 185 thousand. The Sales Company, Mr. Benson said, might be expected to handle a larger proportion of the Massa- chu^-etts crop than usual, as small- er, dry bogs had been the worst hit. Twenty-five members of the Company would not even bother to pick this fall, it was said in the returns to Mr. Benson. This fa 1 meeting for the New England Sales was unique in that it was an evening meeting held at Carver Town hall, preceded by a supper at 6.30 at the Sons of Veterans hall. At first it was thought this customary fall meet- ing would not be held because of ceiling conferences in Washington and bef^ause growers were busier and had more personal bog worries than u.-^ual. However, the decision to hold an evening meeting was more than justified by an unusual- ly arge. turn-out. At that time Mr. Chaney told the growers he could not give them any indication of what the cei ing. would be. and OPA had re- quested that price figures which had been under discussion at the Washingtoii meetings should not be made public. A certain figure had been asked foi- by the growers, he said, but this figure would not be gr.anted, he felt. _ "I had hojjed uptil I talked with a member of OPA on August 10th that perhaps cranberries would get by without a ceiling again," he said, "but folowing that and our being called to .Washington on August 24th and September 5th again, those hopes vanished." He said OPA had asked for j)roduction and cost figures late .in July, but that it had been possible for the Exchange to get those figures to Washington only recently, and that a 42-page brief had been filed. . He said, whatever, the ceiling would be he believed the cran- berry growei^s. wouldbe treated as fairly as the l^w allowed. . Both OPA and. WFA officia's have a hand in the setting of the ceiling, and officials of both bodies had been extremely courteous to the cranberry growers called to Wash- ington, he s^id. He did say the growers, had b.ee,n able to have a "crop disaster" figure written into the order, and as crqp prospects had continued to shrink as picking time approached and first harvest began this incrsasing disaster had been given considevation. Any fur- ther disaster such as a frost, "which would indeed be a disaster" he added, would also be .given con- sideration and ah amended and in- creased figure allowing for this can be uiven, ey^n after the ceiling order is written. "It will be the lowest per capita supply of cranberries for civilian consumption in 37 years", he said, "or for any time since >ve have had an accurate record. Every berry would certainly be needed and C9n be readily disposed of. "If the crop was a large one we rriight not fee' so bullish this year, in spite of the wonderful demand experi- enced last year". He mentioned the supply of competitive fruits and said that cranberries, at least in "Massachusetts, would be small, ahhough sound. Mr. Benson had previously said that, contrary to the belief of some growers, the Massachusetts crop wou! i not be poor in quantity. (Continued on Page 17) Nine Long Beach, Washington, Was the Original Center of West Coast Activities In Cranberry Crowing This Peninsula, Similar to Cape Cod in Appearance, Had "False Boom", But Is Making Progress Toward Rejuve- nation It was at the Long Beach Pe- ninsula that the first cranberry planting was made in Washington. And the Long Beach area (often called "Ilwaco area", as Ilwaco is the largest town in that region) has been a district of high cran- berry hopes and of deep disappoint- ments. Cranberry growing there has boomed, and faded with heavy financial losses. Now, however, growers there feel Peninsula cran- berry growing is at last on a sound upswing. The area has started to gain in yields within the past two or three years. The biggest sin- gle development to date on the Pacific Coast is there, the 100 acre "Cranguyma" farm of Guy C. Myers of New York. The Wash- ington State cranberry station and experimental bog has been th^re, under direction of D. J. Crowley since 1924. There are about 60 growers in the Long Beach area, and of these about ha'f became members of Cranberry Canners when Canners arrived on the coast. About 25, or nearly half, have sprinkler sys- tems. Sprinklers were first tried out for cranberry bog frost protec- tion at Long Beach by Mr. Crow- ley. Sprinklers and the coming of Canners, at least according to those who have joined, are two major reasons for revived cran- berry hopes in the region. Those who do not have sprinklers now have them down for near future installation. There is a surpris- ingly large amount of mechanical equipment per grower, despite the relatively small average bog hold- ings. Present cranberry acreage at Long Beach is a thing impossible to satisfactorily estimate, the diffi- culty being where to draw the line as to what should be classified as bog actually in bearing at present. Long Beach had as much as five or six hundred acres built when the unfortunate cranberry boom was on. Most of this now is in varying degrees of running out. Some bogs are only picked when they happen to have some berries and otherwise are given no atten- tion whatever. The USD A Crop Reporting Service at Seattle last year credited the Long Beach or Ten "Ilwaco area" with 400 acres, of which 320 were harvested with an average production of 19.1 barrels per acre. Mr. Crowley and RoUa Parrish, largest and most ambi- tious growers there, are in agree- ment that from the viewpoint of practical cranberry growing not more than 200 acres should be called cranberry bog currently in bearing. This would not include the Myers development, with its completion this summer of 100 planted acres. Long Beach Peninsula The Long Beach, or Northern Peninsula is a slim finger of sand stretching north a'ong the Wash- ington coast for nearly thirty miles. It is a little more than a mile wide and forms a barrier be- tween Willipa Bay and the open Pacific. Willipa Bay is a wide expanse of silvery water, merging into low hills, and stocked with a perpetual feast of the sea — crabs, clams, and the oysters for which it is famous. Silt, washing down the great Columbia, formed this 'ong strip of low-lying land, and the Peninsula is closely bound up, physically and historically, with the Columbia. Fi'om the great h-adland at the Columbia's mouth. Cape Disappointment, one of the grandest marine views anywhere may be obtained. The Long Beach area, in more ways than one is similar to Cape Cod. It is a summer resort reg- ion. Its major activities, as those on the Caps, are catering to sum- mer vacationists, cranberry grow- in'?, fishing, boating, and kindred endeavors pertaining to the sea. Earliest history of the Pacific Northwest dates from this region at the mouth of the Columbia, one of the greatest rivers of America, as the history of the country dates from the early settlements at Ply- mouth and Cape Cod, Massachu- setts. The town of Ilwaco is the trad- ing center for the region. It was named for "Eowkpa Jim", who was the son-in-law of a powerful Indian chief. It has been the cen- ter for a fishing fleet that operates on the Columbia and out over the Columbia entrance for sea-going salmon and tuna fishing, and sal- mon canning on a large scale brought prosperity to the region. Development of the section began in 1851, and the oldest town on the Peninsula is Oysterville, dating from 1854. Nahcotta has large oyster canning interests. The town of Long Beach itself is a summer resort, as are Ocean Park and Seaview. A Lovely Stretch The Peninsula is a lovely stretch of ocean-bound land, long and nar- row, as is Cape Cod, but on an ab- breviated scale. Fronting the open ocean is a smooth and exhil- arating motor highway, and the sands of Long Beach Peninsula are claimed to be the longest contin- uous beach in the world, and the beach is so hard packed that over it automobiles may race. It was nearly chosen as the place for the testing of Malcolm Campbell's famous "Bluebird", racer of a few years back. The trees are ta'l and evergreen. The brilliant yel- low Scotch broom and its slightly duller and prickly "cousin", Irish furze, flare along the roads, a rapidly spreading nuisance, crowd- ing out other growing things, but beautifully cheerful under blue skies and a beaming sun. Bogs Scottered Bogs here are scattered about as they are in Massachusetts and Jersey, not in a compact area as at Grayland to the north. They are irr'^gular in shape and the vine growth is heavier, more as in the Eastern cranberry areas. So is weed growth on the many, many bogs in various stages of running out. Some are neat'y kept up, but these are smaller bogs, and it is in these smaller holdings which are being restored that the hope for Long Beach lies — in these or in new plantings, properly built and operated. Bogs at Long Beach, with the exception of a few Howes and others, have the same variety classification as the bulk of West Coast plantings, McFarlin. The soil is peat, ample in depth, and 3s stated in a previous article, Mr. Crowley says cranberry soi' con- ditions are identical with and as good as those at Grayland. The same applies for Clatsop County in Oregon, just across the Colum- bia, and he makes the statement that growers of Long Beach and Clatson could get equally good production as those at Grayland if the bogs had been properly built in the first place and had al- ways been given as good care. "It is only this lack of care and the fase start with the badly-built bogs of the boom that make pro- duction on the Peninsula and at Clatsop inferior to Grayland", he says. "Half a dozen growers i ) get as good production, but the^ - bogs are all small and they art- given adequate care. The average production at Long Beach for Mc- Farlins on these few good small bogs is 100 barrels and more pt'i- acre." False Start The story of this false start is told in "The Cultivated Cranberry in Washington", by D. J. Crow ley, Buletin No. 340, 1937 of tht- State College of Washington, Agri- cultural Experiment Station, as follows: "About 1900 cranberry growing in Washington received an arti- ficial real estate impetus. From then until 1916 there was a rapid development, chiefly in the vicinity of Ilwaco and Long Beach. Dui- ing this boom period several hun- dred acres were planted, many of which were unsuccessful. "Several factors were responsi- be for their failure. Bogs were planted in unsuitable locations, growers were inexperienced, and poor varieties were used. There was also a lack of knowledge and equipment for the control of in- sects and diseases. The losses en- countered by those growers re- ceived much unfavorable publicity and the industry thus received a setback from which years were required for recovery." Some bogs are now receiving adequate care, and odd varieties are being replanted with McFar- lins. As to opportunity for expansion, Mr. Crowley estimates there are about 2,000 acres of peat in the region. Kainfall at Long Beach is about 60 inches a year, of which 40 or 50 inches fall between November fi/st and the first of May. Ju y and August are exceedingly dry. July rainfall this year had been .30 inches up to July 21, according to a report at the North Head weather bureau near Ilwaco, and the normal for July is only .96 inch. Region Ocean-Built Long Beach, Clatsop and Gray- land, says Mr. Crowley, are ocean- built. Water rnderlies the penin- sula and is he'd there by the press- ure of the ocean; since the water table is below sea level, the fr sh water cannot escape. Groweis tap this ever-present supply for their wells and sumps. There are many ponds at the upper end of the Peninsula, but these are north of most of the bog development area. These sumps are scooped ont whei'e the peat is shallow, and n these sumps some growers h;; v^ scows with sand pumps and pi; -i sand from beneath the water i Top — Sand scow at bog of Leonard G. Morris ; lower — scow of Carl Bernhardt, both on Long Beach Peninsula. building and for resanding. They bring up 15 to 20 per cent sand with the water. These scows rise and fall with the water, and the hose length at the bottom can be adjusted. Smal stones will go through. Sand scows can resand an acre a day with a four-inch pump, spreading sand one inch thick. The sanding pipes are moved over the bog as the sanding progresses. Peninsula Conditions Peninsula bogs are not winter- flowed, as it is not necessary in the mild winter, even though there have been isolated instances of winterkill when the weather was mild and turned unreasonably cold in F"'cbruary and March. A good deal of water picking is done on the Peninsula, an estimat- ed 25 per cent. This waterpicking is said to average in cost from $2.00 to S2.50 for berries into the screenhouse, under present high prevailing wages. These water- picked berries are cleaned and run through a mill before being sent to the canners. Worst insect at present is prob- ably the fireworm, a though there is much injury from fruitworm, also. In the cool climate of Long Beach many sprays are needed, as insects hatch out slowly and this sitretching out makes more than a single treatment n?cessary. Dust- ing is not practical anywhere on the coast and has evtn less possi- bilities at the Peninsula than else- where because of the winds which sweep in from the Pacific. Long Beach has its spring frost problems, as has all the West Coast, and while flooding has been resorted to, and stiL is, growers are finding sprinklers the answer. There is no official cranberry frost warning, but frost predictions have been given to growers by tele- phone from the North Head Wea- tlici Bureau by Cecil R. Peck, head of the bureau, who, incidentally, is a New Englander. These predic- tions by Mr. Peck, growers say, have proven remarkably accurate, and hence useful to the growers. (Continued on Pae;e 14) Eleven OUR Uncle Sam Is playing- with skill and dauntless courage the final chapter in the deadly game of the European war — and after that comes the real show-down with Japan. We on the side-lines must continue to back him up with bonds — the whistle hasn't blown yet. This is the 29th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. SlocumrCibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw^ MiFs Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF OCTOBER, 1944 Vol. 9 No. 6 V> ^^^"^'^'^"'^^i- JOHN J. BEATON •QHN J. BEATON of Wareham. Massa- chusetts, whose passing September 23, 1944, deprives the cranberry industry of one of its greatest leaders, built himself a monument within our industry. He start- ed forty years ago from the smallest of begnnings and built his interests to the largest, and as he built, the industry gained from his vision, his indomitable energy, his sound judgment, his great capability, his integrity, and his faith in the business of growing cranberries. His successful efforts added stature to the cranberry industry. His wisdom he applied not only to his own problems but to those of the industry — hi3 counsel was always sought and given in matters of im- portance. The cranberry industry is sounder, stronger and more advanced be- cause he chose to be of it. He encouraged others in many ways. That is his monu- ment. That, and the memory he leaves of a man of integrity, great ability, unusual achievement, of high service in his indus- try and to the community in which he lived. All this is attested to in the trib- utes of those who knew him best through long association. Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL NO DUST STORM— YET MASSACHUSETTS has had no dust storms nor tornadoes during the past twelvemonth. There was the dev- astating winterkill ; there were the two frosts of last spring, about as bad as frosts could be; there was the worst drought ever recorded this summer, the worst fruitworm infestation, earthquake tremors, and finally the hurricane of Sep- tember 14,th, bringing its added chaos. The latter, riot so very destructive to the cranberry industry, as a whole, was just one more thing piled atop the other blows of nature — and there is the ceiling upon cranberries which OPA has deemed nec- essary. This ceiling is not as high as it was hoped for in consideration of the crop dis- aster inflicted upon Massachusetts and New Jersey. The Office of Price Admin- istration has acted to protect the consumer against exorbitant charge for what few cranberries, both fresh and in-ocessed, will LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareh^tm, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief, New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application be available. Altogether it is a sad, sad story for the Eastern producer, and par- ticularly so for the little fellow, who de- pended upon his cranberry crop for his income for the year. Many had so few, or scattered berries which were not picked at all. that any ceiling made no dif- ference. For the larger crops a few cents more on the pound to the consumer would have meant many more thousands of dol- lars to the industry. However, the Massachuetts grower is at the moment strongly inclined to take the attitude that what has happened in 1944 is water ovei- the dam. He wants to get off what berries he has, get this year over with, and look forward to another year, hoping such an accumulation of bad factors will never arrive again. And the law of averages would seem to be on his side in this hope. Thirteen Guy C Myers Has Completed Planting 100 Acres Financier of New York and Seattle is Putting in West Coast's Largest Develop- ment at Long Beach Biggest single development on the entire West Coast is here at Long Beach at the property of Guy C. Myers on Cranberry road. At this development, which has been named "Cranguyma Farm", 100 acres of cranberry bog have been completed and set to vines this summer. This 100 acres is planted entirely with McFarlins. Mr. Myers is at his West Coast property at some time nearly every month, but the writer did not hap- pen to see him on the trip and the following details were kindly fur- nished from his New York office. Besides the cranberry plantings, there will be a large cultivated blueberry plantation of 50 acres, of which 6 acres have already been set out with Jerseys, Concords, Stanleys. Rubels and Rancocas, and there will be other berries, includ- ing youngberries, Boysenberries, strawberries, raspberries and cur- rants. There will also be exten- sive plantings of vegetable crops, such as peas, carrots, onions, cab- bage, brussel sprouts, artichokee, etc. Experiments on growing- grasses will be made so that live- stock can be raised. This is a development of 350 acres and two large lakes are in- cluded in the property. A brick residence and other buildings are panned for construction. As large crews of men as could be obtained have been speeding work on the construction of this ti'act, and also a great deal of modern heavy construction equip- ment has been utilized. A sprink- ler system is to be installed which will employ the use of a 250 h. p. electric motor which will sprinkle the entire cranberry and blueberry planting at one time. A' so there are six miles of standard gauge railroad track on the 100 acres now planted, which will be used for spraying. From this pipe the spray will be diffused and by running the cars at a given speed with the pipe at the proper height above the cranberries even spraying will be attained. Weed- ing could be done by this method by building a bridge cradle 75 feet long on which the weeders sit, and this could be also used for picking the crop. Mr. Myei's is now working with Fourteen Two construction views of bog of Guy C. Myers the manufacturers on a sanding machine which will re-sand the bog by throwing the sand from the railroad cars covering a dis- tance of 75 feet. At the present time 20 men and women are con- tinua'ly weeding by hand, keeping the bog clear of all foreign growth. Foreman of the bog construc- tion in the past year has been Joe Alexson, who is an experienced grower and builder of Grayland. Mr. Alexson will continue to look after the growing and is now pre- paring the installation of the sprinkler system. Mr. Myers became a member of Cranberry Canners, Inc., in June. He has owned this land for four or five years. Mr. Myers is in the financial business, with offices in Seattle and New York. Long Beach (Continued from Page 11) Say Will Grow There is not the cranberry boom spirit at Long Beach that there is at Grayland and at Bandon, Ore- gon. Growe-rs there who are re- storing old bog or making im- properly built bog into good bog have the ordinary problems of such effort on their hands. However, those who are making successful progress are well satisfied with Long Beach cranberry growing conditions. They say the possi- bilities are there, waiting only the inspiration and effort, and this spirit of cranberry progress is now again stirring and may develop rapidly with the general progress of the Pacific Northwest in cran- berry growing. A Real Pioneer Of the Northwest, William Litschke Active Grower at 82, He Came When Region He Settled in Was a Wilder- ness Wiriam Litschke, at 82, is one of the real pioneers of the Pacific Northwest and of cranberry grow- ing- at Long Beach. His fine-look- ing bog of three acres demonstrates that a Long Beach bog can pro- duce, if given adequate and intel- ligent care. His vines are all McFarlins. He has taken in as high as $5,000 from his bog and that was seven years ago when he received a lit- tle less than $10 a barrel for his crop. That was the first year af- ter he had installed a sprinkler system. He has gotten as high as 130 barrels to the acre. When Mr. Litschke came to the region it was real pioneer country, a wi'derness. "I had no money", he says. "At that time I lived on grouse and potatoes and potatoes and grouse. I shot the grouse from the back doorstep." To obtain better drainage, Mr. Litschke dug a ditch a mile and more long down to Willipa bay, all by himself. His bog was made en- tirely by hand labor. Mr. Litschke had expected by the time he had reached his present age to retire, but now he is doing his own bog work still, as his son is a gunner in the U. S. Navy. The farm-home of Mr. Litschke and his gracious wife, Petra, who is a native of Denmark, is singularly attractive and finely kept up. They have beautiful English holly trees, a big garden, and a planting of cultivated blueberries, the cutting being sent across the country from the nursery of Mrs. Mabelle Kelley at East Wareham, Mass. Mr. Litschke is a member of Ci'anberry Canners. OTHER GROWERS Carl Bernhardt of Long Beach is the second largest grower on the peninsula, and he makes exten- sive use of the sand scow pictured in this issue. Mr. Bernhardt has about 30 acres and gives his pro- duction for last year as about 100 bai'rels to the acre. He is another of the Peninsula growers who became a member of Cranberry Canners. The third lai-gest grower of the Peninsula is Guido Funcke, who has about 14 acres. Mr. Funcke has the original bog built by H. H, Williamson, developer of the early 1900s, and lives in the house built by Mr. Williamson. This bog was run down and he is rebuilding it. He has now produced 100 barrels to the acre. He has the only Early Blacks on the Peninsula, approxi- mately one acre, and last year had 150 quarters to that acre. He has a few Howes and also some Batch- e'lors. He is a member of Cran- berry Canners. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) ing restored to bogs with electric pumps. Fortunately, however, air did stir some that night and 23 was not reached in Southeastern Massachusetts, although 20 was i-pcorded at Carlisle and 23 at Hol- liston in Middlesex County. Av- erage around Wareham and Cape was perhaps 27. Some damage was reported to small, uncolored Howes from late water. The fol- lowing night conditions did not seem so bad and a warning was sent out for 24. That night there was no stirring of air and there was heavy frost, coming early, and 22 was reached at East Ware- ham and even 21 in a cold hold at South Wareham. Average minimum in Plymouth county was probably about 26. There was some damage done both nights, but not extensive — many growers had not too much to protect, anyway. Electricity had been restored to most, if not all bogs by Saturday night. a very, very sevei-e licking in its crop, and growers there must call this their worst year ever, disaster piling upon disaster. Latest esti- mate of County Agent Bertram Tomlinson is that Barnstable Coun- ty will not have more than 10,000 and probably not that. Only two years ago the Cape had an esti- mated nearly 100,000 barrels, the Cape's biggest year ever. A short time ago Mr. Tomlinson was esti- mating that the Cape had taken a 75 per cent cut from normal, and as September ended he was certain he had been far too conservative in estimating the shrinkage. From Bourne to Truro it is the same story, one of discouragement by practically every grower. One man on the lower Cape who normally handles about 30,000 barrels doubt- ed if he would handle 5,000. One grower who ordinarily picks up to 3,000 barrels will not have 200 this year. Others give similar reports. The crop has dwindled severely since August when preliminary estimates were made. Dry weath- er and fruitworm had taken an awful toll, it has developed. NEW JERSEY . .l[Crop Estimate Not "Upping" — As picking is progressing in New Jersey there appears to be no rea- son to expect any upward revision of the first crop estimate of 59,000 barrels. Cloudy, wet weather fol- lowing the hurricane seriously de- layed the resumption of harvest- ing following the storm. TIBarnstable County Terribly ^hort — Cape Cod proper has taken ^Promising Seedlings — On the USD A seedling nursery, which Dr. THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tel. Mid.dleboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee Fifteen You Can't Control a HURRICANE The course of this phenomenon of Nature is out of your hands, but you can help control the course of Nature in producing your crop. Mechanical Equip- ment, effectively used from the start of the season until your berries are shipped, will bring highest net returns for your production year. Next year's manufacturing quota is set — already a substantial proportion has been sold. We urge you FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION to place orders between now and November first. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. Fred Chandler has been caring for this year there appear to be some very promising candidates for an early berry and a new mid- season fruit, and both of these should be well worth testing for their resistance to false blossom. ^Pleased with Fermate Results — Growers who are trying Fermate this year to control field rot are pleased with its performance on their bogs. Even though it was not a bad year for rot, they feel there is a decided superiority of Fermate over Bordeaux. Dr. Wil- cox has completed harvesting his experimental area and has the fig- ures, which he will include in his report at the next growers' meet- ing. This report will be heard with much interest, as control of field rot has been one of Jersey's most serious problems. It is con- sidered very 'ikely by Mr. Doehl- ert that the use of this new ma- terial may definitely improve Jer- sey's chances to ret)uild her cran- berry industry. WISCONSIN TIExpect Crop Up to Estimate — By mid-September most growers were well into the harvest, and berries were found to be of good size and Vernon Goldsworthy was feeling certain that his original estimate of 115.000 barrels (last year 102,000) would be reached, at least. Still higher estimate of 120,000 barrels has been made and this would be Wisconsin's highest production. Berries in general are of good size and color, although some of the natives are small. vesting he"p in this state this year, in fact a good deal more ithan was available last year. Some of the growers cancelled their order for Barbadians, which they had intended to use for har- vesting. Some marshes are em- ploying these Islanders, including the Whittlesey marsh, Central Cranberry Company and Biron Cranberry Company. Growers say they like this help very well, in- deed. Hail Insurance Plan — The "Hail Committee" of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company, of which F. F. Mengel is chairman, has been doing considerable work on this matter and expects to have a re- port ready for the October meet- ing. Mr. Mengel will have a defi- nite plan ready to outline which it is thought will meet with the approval of the members. llSurplus War Supplies — Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company has filed with the U. S. Treasury Department its intention to bid on any of the surplus property that will be released after the war, that will be of value to members, and the company will be sent offers to bid. Trucks, cars, bulldozers, lum- ber, nails, wire, and equipment of all kinds are expected to be made available to bid. HBees Next Year — Several of the Cranmoor district growers pan to procure bees next year, which they believe will be of great value in pollination, as this is more or less standard practice in New Jersey. to take some colored pictures of the Wisconsin cranberry industry which are planned to be published in the rotogravure section about Thanksgiving time. Efforts are being made to induce "Look" to tak3 some pictures of the colorful WiscDusin harvesting scenes. install Flood Pump — Oscar Pot- ter of Warrens installed a new 6- inch Bailey pump to take care of high water in case of abnormal rains. WASHINGTON UHarvest Began Sept. 25 — Real harvest got underway about the 25th of September, although a few had begun harvesting the small lots of Early Blacks and other va- rieties shortly before. Grayland growers did not in general get started until October 1. This is about 10 days late. , TI25 Percent Increase — There is a heavy set of fruit on bogs a'most everywhere, and D. J. Crowley continued to estimate the crop would be 20 to 25 per cent larger than last year, or 30,000 or so for Washington. lIMore Help Available Than Needed — -There is sufficient har- llColor Cranberry Pictures — Milwaukee Journal was planning TIBerries Smaller — Berries are smaller than usual, however, very much so, due to the long continued dry spell. It was by record the longest drought period, in so far as there are records. In a check of fruitworm injury Mr. Crowley finds it insignificant, probably not running one-half of one per cent anywhere. This is considered very good, particular' y in view of the insecticide materials at the dis- posal of the growers. §ixteen "RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS" Pioneers: Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation For complete data write L. R. Nelson Mfg. Co., Peoria, 111. Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg., Glendora, Cal. For Oregon and Washington, R. M. Wade — Oregon Culvert & Pipe, Portland, Ore. TISuction Pickers — Many this year will use suction pickers, about 85 of these at Grayland. Most of these are the large machines, al- though some are of the smaller electric type. Charles Nelson and Leonard Morris of Long Beach are also to use suction machines. Mr. Nelson has perhaps the heavi- est crop on the coast. ^Mexican Labor — Labor contin- ues exceedingly scarce on the coast and has probably been tighter all during the war than in any other ci'anberry ai-ea. Fifty Mexican laborers were brought to the Pe- ninsula to help out. Rolla Par- rish, largest grower, has 20 of these, to use in addition to his reg- ular help. HMuch of Crop to be Processed -A very considerable pait of the crop will go for processing and to the Army pool. Mr. Parrish will have his entii'e production pro- cessed by Canners. Only a small proportion will reach the fresh market. HFuncke Evirly Harvester — One of the first to pick was Guido Funcke at Long- Beach, who has a few Early Blacks and was pick- ing and shipping to the fresh mar- ket by the middle of the month. N. E. Cranberry Sales (Continued from Page 9) even though there would be a prob- able ten per cent of pies. The in- cubator tests by the company on fifteen lots of berries showed this not to be true. Berries placed in incubators for seven days are con- sidered as showing as much spoil- age as if they had been kept in ordinary storage for a month, and this gives a guide as to what may be expected in regard to quality. E. C. McGrew spoke of shipping sonditions this fall. "Last year we were wondering where to get the boxes to put the cranberries in" he said, "this year it is a ques- tion of where to get the berries to put in the boxes." In the face of extremely short crops and of inadequate water sup- plies for fall frosts, President Gibbs said he wanted to call on one man who had a fine crop and a reser- voir "bursting" with water. This was Dr. Franklin, and the bog that of the Lowell Cranberry Company in Middlesex County, distant from the genera' Massachusetts crop area. Dr. Franklin said it had been a most interesting year regarding rainfall in Middlesex and that un- til August 14th it had been dry there, and then on that day had come such a cloudburst that it had been necessary to open the reser- voir gates wide for a week to get the excess water out of the way. This letting of water down the stream this fall brought gasps of envy from the Massachusetts grow- ers. Neither, "as usual", was the Lowell Cranberry Company both- ered excessively w-ith fruit worm, he continued. He said there might have been a loss of four or five hundred barrels, but nothing seri- ous. "It is a very interesting fact", he said, "but fruitworm seems to cling to the bogs along the coast and has not been bad in the interior in towns such as Car- lisle, Easton, Norton, Assonet and Freetown. You always have it bad in Barnstable County and in Plymouth." incidentally, he said, Massachu- setts growers felt that lack of rainfall was chiefly responsible for the lack of size of their ber- ries, but he would call their atten- tion to the recent weather bu'letin in which it was stated temperatures in March affected the size of the berries and March this year was coldiM- than usual. He said since the August 24th rain there had been plenty of moisture at the Lowell bog. He suggested that to take advantage of these good moisture and good fruitworm con- ditions prevailing in Middlesex County and back from the coast, growers "might move up north of Boston, too." Seventeen Following these speakers some of the growers asked various ques- tions, most pertinent of these com- ing from Walter Rowley of Ware- ham, one of the smaller and younger growers, who asked if the directors had been fully onto their jobs in looking out for the inter- ests of the smaller members, and specifically if the high consumer price last year for some of the ber- . Frost Protection . and Irrigation For Cranberries Sprinkling heads and light weight partable tubing now available. SKINNER SYSTEM of IRRIGATION 33 Station Street Brookline, 46, Mass. ries and the smaliness of the Crop this year were two i-easons why a ceiling was necessary, and also if a ceiling was being influenced by the Army order for dehydrated cranberries. He said these mat- ters should be brought out in open meeting and not talked about on street corners. President Gibbs and Mr. Chaney said they understood a ceiling- would have been imposed this year regardless of the Army order, with such an extremely short crop, and the latter said that OPA had re- ceived complaints last year from housewives for prices they had been forced to pay late in the sea- son for ci'anberries. The imposi- tion of a ceiling would prevent such a condition of runaway prices by a few, and would be for the pro- tection of the co-operatives against speculation, they said. Mr. Rowley further said that the sales company does not have con- trol of its canning berries and that its berries "should be canned un- der the Eatmor label". Chief re- ply to this was made by Paul Thompson, who as one of the older growers, he said, explained that years ago there had been talk of the Sales Company doing this and he had been one of those favoring it,, but nothing had come of it and Mr. Urann had come forward with his plan, had raised the mon- ey to open up this second outlec for cranberries. He said Mr. Urann had told him and has fre- quently said that he did not want a ceiling price on cranberries this year. Nahum Morse, one of th? "younger" directors, said he did not tnink the average member »MMiMai"w«riii'iiMfli"iH: ™iiiiiiini|i'Miniiiiiiiiii i mh J. J. BEATON M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years knew how hard and how conscien- tiously the directors have worked and do work for the best good of all the members of the Sales Com- pany and of the cranberry industry as a whole. President Gibbs, in opening this fall meeting, said that Massachu- setts growers this year had been "pestered" with just about every .difficulty that could be imagined and it will go down in the record as one of the most "disappointing" years ever. With this no grower present disagreed. Harvest Troubles (Continued from Page S) tributors, was quoting at the same price. Harvest of Early Blacks in Massachusetts was being generally completed the last week in Sep- tember, fully two weeks behind normal, as the earlies are usually all cleared up between the 15th and the 20th. Shipments were so delayed because of the situation this fall that in the last week of September (Sept. 27) but 47 cars had left the Cape area compared to 162 at corresponding date last year. Picking de'ays caused by the rains and hurricane have probably increased the size of the berries a little and therefore slightly the size of the crop, but if Howes showed the same falling off as Blacks the 155,000 up to 180,000 barrel total for Massachusetts may well be this year's mark. HURRICANE For the second time within six years a tropical hurricane has willed to blow up the Atlantic coast, bringing the New Jersey and Massachusetts cranberry bogs within its 300-mile wide scope of concentrated, terrifying destruc- tion. That was on the night of September 14th. The hurricane season and the cranberry picking season coincide, so both times the fury of screaming wind, driving rain and rising water along the shores struck in the midst of har- vest. The Jersey cranberry district got off relatively easy, but estimat- ed rough total of hurricane loss in Southeastern Massachusetts was set by insurance company experts at $60,000,000, and New England hurricane deaths stood at about 30, although no lives were lost in Plymouth or Barnstable counties. Cranberry growers lost compara- tively little as a group, yet they went through the strain and worry of the ordeal. The hurricane was unofficially estimated at Wareham at 100 miles an hour. At Chatham by Coast Eighteen XTter Xm.# -Lie Ci Distributor of Cape Cod CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 CJuai'd anemometer it was 104. Last time the salt water flood rushed more than head high through the lowest section of Wareham's Main street. (This time there was throe feet. This office, Courier Building, had 18 inches in one section, 6 in the busi- ness office). The loss in trees was appalling everywhere. Hundreds of prized trees, many of them great elm» nearly or more than a century old. were felled. So destructive were the winds of this hurricane that practically no property owner in .Southeastern Massachusetts but what suffered some loss — trees, trees falling across houses, barns blown down, porches or parts of roofs blown off, or merely some shingles or panes of glass. During the morning of tlie storm the weather was stiflini:, oppressive, high heat with the sun ob.scured by clouds — that fact, a barometer which began falling at noon, and radio hurricane reports, caused Dr. Franklin to get in touch with the U. S. Weather Bureau at Boston. What he ascertaiiu'l there, together with local condi- tions he could observe himself. gave him complete apprehension that Southeastern Massachusetts could be in for a greater catas- trophe than in 1938. He called up a number of growers at various times, warning them of winds which might blow well over 100 miles an hour and stating that there could be a great rise of water along the coast. Starting at four o'clock, the barometer at the State Bog shot down from 29.08 to 29.05 at eight o'clock, a period when it locally should be strong and not weakening. It reached its extreme low, 28.57, at about mid- night. That was the climax of the hurricane. Many growers suTered wind damage, but as a vast majority of bogs were sufSciently far from the beaches only a comparatively few were flooded with salt water. Some wei-e inundated by this ris- ing tide, mostly the bogs which were affected in 19.38. A. D. Makepeace Co. had ap- proximately 50 acres on the Cape, the Chase and four or five other bogs, under a flood of salt water several feet deep. Most of this acreage had not been picked. The berries which were under water do not seem to be injured except for having a slight tinge of salt which rains and washing after picking may remove. J. J. Beaton Co. had about 40 acres at the Old Colony bogs at Yarmouth and 10 at East Fal- mouth flooded, neither of which had been picked. The bog of Emile E. St. Jacques at Crooked River, East Wareham, which had just been set to vines at the time of the first hurricane and had this work practically de- stroyed, was just about due for mature cropping this year. It wjas again flooded with eight or nine feet of water. This bog of 4 ¥2 acres had been picked. Dikes were washed out and a large section of dike and a gravel roadway washed onto a bog section. The reservoir was also flooded with salt water, and Mr. St. Jacques will try to sweeten the bog from the salt with spring and rain water. The small bog of Mrs. Amando Grassi on Great Neck, in the same general region, was flooded. This bog had a small quantity of unpicked Early Blacks at the time. Small bogs owned by Jeremiah Murphy near the St. Jacques bogs were also swept by the flooding waters. The blueberry planting of A. K. Dah- Icne. next to the Grassi bog, and one of the larger plantings in Massachusetts, was swept by salt flood and salt spray despite a des- perate afternoon of work to erect a dike. Frank Laine at East Wareham flooded his bog with fresh water, keeping the salt out, although the wave lashed his lower dike. He had done the same in the last storm. Full force of the blow at Chat- Nineteen Big yachts and shore cottages damaged at Onset, Mass. ham on the lower Cape struck the Stage Harbor freezer of Cran- berry Canners there. The engine room was filled with a foot of water, the ground washed out within a dozen feet of the freezer, the shingles were blown off the roof; a building about 30x50 con- taining 20 tons of material was moved 8 feet and left hanging down into the ocean; another build- ing 20x30 was smashed to splint- ers and the splinters blown on the beach and covered with three feet of sand, the wharf was shredded and the shreds gone with the wind. More important to the owners of the bogs flooded than th-e im- mediate loss was the long-range effect of the salt uporr the vines. Drs. Franklin and Bergman exam- ined the St. Jacques and Grassi bogs, and could not see that they were immediately damaged, but could not tell definite'y for some time. As both these bogs were hit by flood waters twice within six years it was said there was the possibility of adverse accumulative effect. They say it was ascertained in the hurricane of 1938 that some bogs which were under salt water for as long as 48 hours were not damaged. At least, that was the experience then, but other factors enter in. One oi these is whether a bog has just been picked be- fore the flood and the vines are in this disturbed condition o- the bogs had not ! sen harvested. In the first hurricrne, bogs which '^^'mis^^igfm AS VICTORY DRAW,: nSAiTlE^ COMMON SENSE telb lig to use clecirciy a3 eiTic- iently as possible and to conserve for the war effort. FORESIGHT tells us to plan now, to use it more abundantly after the war, when every aid to stepping up post-war efficiency will be needed. Plymouth County Electric Co, WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Twenty had been picked just before thd flood were damaged, while thost with the berries and vines stil untouched did not suffer perma nently from as long as the 48-hou] flood. The first hurricane occurred onlj six years ago, yet it was hare hunting to find very many notice- able effects of it, and the ravages cf this one should be erased ever more quickly. The hurricane o; 1938 was the third of these tropica. storms to hit New England in re- corded history, or one every cen- tury, and the Cape wi 1 be quite happy if they do not come any cftener than that — if not as often Post-office at East Wareham, Mass had two bipr elms down Editor's Note — It was planned to have used an article about RoUa Parish, largest and most active grower of the Long Beach afea in this issue. Because of lack of space it will appear in the next. We are receiving "inquiries" from the U. S. Navy and U. S. Coast Guard for over one million pounds of Canned Cranberry Sauce. Naturally, our first concern is to take care of our boys in the service, and this we will do again this year as we have during 1942 and 1943. Every manufacturer of "food products" is doing an excellent job in providing the armed forces with "QUALITY FOODS." We are in the market for CRANBERRIES, and suggest you consult our CAPE COD Representatives before selling your crop. MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC '^ BRIDGETON, N. J. Represented by BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENC^ Wareham, Mass. Ceiling or no ceiling, it pays to cooperate! Wherever cranberries are marketed, the famous name of EATMOR is outstanding. To the consumer, EATMOR means de- pendable fruit. To the dealer, it means a fast-moving commodity. To the grower, it means stabilized values and lessened market risks with or without price ceiling control. American Cranberry Exchange "The Cranberry Growers Cooperative'' U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Lie. No. 1 CHICAGO NEW YORK i\i.^ui ^ I II ^vji /-\i ^ %^f\j.\j\j\j.\j\j\j r-v I ur-vr\ ii ^Li/v^«^ i ix 4PE COD lEW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO JAMAICANS SCOOP ON MASSACHUSETTS BOGS "November, 1944 25 cents The FIRST NATIONAL BANK of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Founded 1872 Offi icers President William J. Taylor Vice Presidents Stanton W. Mead - Henry C. Demitz Cashier Edward C. Brenner Assistant Cashiers Wm. G. Schroedel - Ward Johnson John Hostvedt - Wendell Miscoll Directors Charlotte G. Witter - George W. Mead Stanton W. Mead - Wm. J. Taylor Henry C. Demitz - R. F. Johnson C. D. Searles ^e You Put 25% of YOUR Crop Into Dehydration for the Thanksgiving and Christmas Dinners of These Boys? cle Sam has promised Tur- 1 and Cranberry Sauce to j^: ' American boy on 56 bat- )nts. That is one small in which he can say iks" to his Yanks. ^'T^ 25 '( of every cranberry grower's crop is needed to fill the Government's order. Have you supplied your share? "My first Christmas dinner in Hawaii was really complete with Cranberry Sauce!" SERGT. HOWARD H. ABOM. 7 a,- m Suva in ' rji Island-; at the taticn Hospital, recuperating after back from Guadalcanal. It was there had my Christm.as dinner, and it really )mi)lete with Ocean Spray Cranberry ind all the fixings. Boy, oh, boy, you now what a treat that was after months loles, and rations, and jungles". PFC. J. T. KAPCUINAS. "Can you guess what I had for dinner yesterday? With our chicken we had a can of real Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce. Just tasting that stuff almost brought me back to South Hanson". SERGT. A. J. WASELEWSKY, Somewhere in the Pacific. "I never enjoyed Cranberry Sauce more in my life than I did while in the Hawaiian Islands". SERGT. BERNARD P. HUGH. We Cranberry Growers Can't Carry a Gun In This War, t We CAN Help To Feed the Boys Who Do Carry the Guns! CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc, The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION E. T. Gault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY CRANBERRY CO, PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS PLYMOUTH LUMBER CO. Plymouth, Mass. A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDING MATERIALS WE ARE YOUR LOGICAL SOURCE OF SUPPLY — ONE BOARD, OR A CAR LOAD TeL Plymouth 237 Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Co. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecticides ^5SS^cf=^^rfe&. ^^^TILIZEB.^ The Rogers k Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estalor Reed Avenue - • Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and of Cranberry Properties sale We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIEMS7>7/&r ^ COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA ■ ,, PACITIES 14 IN TO -% 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION. WIS C. A. STACKHOUSE CENTERVILLE, MASS. Dealer CATERPILLAR and JOHN DEERE TRACTORS New and Used Bulldozers Bulldozers, Graders — Equipment for Hire Experienced Operators Tel. Hyannis 1169-W Two Thanksgiving Dates This Year Following a recent American custom, Thanksgiving this year will be celebrated on November 23 by 41 states, and on November 30 by eight states, according to a sur- vey by the Association of Nation- al Advertisers, New York. The seeming disparity in the number of states is explained by the fact that Georgia will observe both dates. Proclamation of the fourth Thursday in November as Thanks- giving is in accordance with a 1941 Federal law. In two years out of seven there are five Thursdays in November. This year there are five Thursdays, but from 1945 to 1950, Thursdays will be limited to the usual quota. F'orida, Georgia, Idaho and Ne- biaska have laws fixing Thanks- giving on the last Thursday. This day will also be observed by Ar- kansas, Tennessee, Virginia and Texas. The Governor of Texas has announced that although the slate will observe the last, or fifth Thursday this year, next year it will observe the fourth Thursday. Xext year the fourth Thursday will be the last Thursday. Please pass the cranberries. — Food Field Reporter. Editor's Note — Cranberry grow- ers are more than pleased to pass the cranberries for both dates — as far as they go. Cranberries Co Under Ceilings exce'lent, Mr. Urann does not feel it will continue so briskly after the war. Fresh Maximums Effective Oct. 6— Top Retail, 41c The Office of Price Administra- tion, following out its advance notice on September 16th that cranberries, both fresh and pro- cessed, would be placed under maximum ceilings this fall, wrote and issued MPR426 establishing the ceiling on October 6th. To this order, however, there was an amendment. No. 50, which added $1.40 a barrel to the F. 0. B. price which had been indicated in the September 16th announcement, this increased allowance being due to additional weather damage to the prospective crop. "Crop dis- aster" had been given a place in figuring the ceiling, even before this latest allowance. OPA, having divided the mar- keting season into four time di- visions, without regard to variety, size, or color of berries, for Mas- sachusetts and New Jersey,, the official ceiling, effective from date of issuance, Oct. 6 until Oct. 8, was 15.85 a quarter or |23.40 a barrel. For the second period, Oct. 9 through Oct. 29, the top price for which cranberries might be sold by the grower was $6.00 a quarter or $24.00 a barrel. Third period was from October 30, through Nov. 19, and this is $6.15 a quarter or $24.60 a barrel; and fourth period, from Nov. 20 to end of season, $6.30 a quarter or $25.20 a barrel, the final and top for the season. To these F. O. B. prices were to be added distribution and other markups, ranging from 18 cents up. In the setting of these ceil- ings Wareham, Massachusetts, was used as the basing point, and to these ceiMngs freight charges from Wareham were to be added, this being on the theory that the buyer of cranberries pays the same price for berries received in the same market from wherever they are pi'oduced. This makes an in- crease of 10 cents a quarter for each of the four periods as given at Wareham in Wisconsin and a still further increase of 15 cents a quarter for West Coast berries, allowed by OPA, to the grower. The highest retail price at which cranberries may be sold this year was given out in an OPA an- nouncement from Washington, ef- fective October 26th, as about 41 cents a pound. The 41 cents is tops and may be charged by Class A. and B. stores, or those doing a business of not more than $250,000 annually, while those firms doing Four more than that amount may charge slightly less, a price based on their volume of sales. Canned Ceilings Not Set, But To ^'Reflect" $21.40 Ceiling price for processed ber- ries had not been actually set as this goes to press, but it is under- stood it will "reflect" $21.40 a barrel, the top price a grower can receive or a processor pay for berries to be processed- This would not apply to a cooperative, as a cooperative is simply a group of growers processing their own cranberries and can pay themselves whatever they earn, in the under- standing of Mr. Urann of Cran- berry Canners. Whether Canners could return $21.40 to its grower members, Mr. Urann said, depended entirely on volume Canners receive. "Can- ners is receiving very fine cran- berries and is processing fast", he said. "If we receive the 100,000 barrels for dehydration and 60,000 for canning, the $21.40 and possi- bly more, can be earned for our members." Neither had the retail price ceiling on canned cranberry sauce been named, as a new formula is being developed. When the ceiling is established, it has been understood, it will be high enough to reflect a price comparable to the figure on fresh berries. Dehydration for Civilians is Set At $2.60 a Pound There was an active demand for civilian dehydrated cranberries coming in the past month, Mr. Urann said, and this was true particularly from the West Coast and a' so to a lesser extent from the New York area. It was planned to dehydrate 10,000 bar- rels for this purpose, these not to come from the Army pool, but from selected berries delivered for canning, and for which a ceiling price of $2.60 a pound had been allowed by OPA. At the end of October Canners was still receiving orders for ci- vilian dehydrated berries, one re- quest for 3,000 pounds coming in from San Francisco alone, and on the same day others from Pitts- burgh, Philadelphia, and other cities. Although this civilian de- mand for dehydrated berries is Army Dehydrated Order May Not Be Fulfilled Price Raised to $2.50 a lb., But Canners Still Short of Supply — M. L. Urann Is- sued Appeals in Radio Talks — Tells of Survey With the ending of October, the unfortunate news is that Cran- berry Canners, Inc. may be unable to fulfill the order of 1,000,000 pounds of dehydrated berries for the Army, as Canners is not re- ceiving the 100,000 barrels of cran- berries necessary. At the end of the month, with Washington as anxious as ever to receive these berries for service men, Mr. Urann said he "feared the shortage will be fully 20,000 barrels." Some growers have turned in their whole crops, some have turned in more than their pledges, while others have not sent in as many as promised, so that with picking ended (except on the Coast) it is possible to get the final picture, which indicates this shortage of at least 20,000 barrels. Unti' the end of October, Mr. Urann says it has been possible to keep the berries rolling out of the dryers and into cartons for overseas shipments to the service men as rapidly as called for in the contract. In all plants dehydrat- ing has been at the rate of approx- imately 1800 barrels a day, he said. This processing began short- ly after harvesting, and has con- tinued, and will continue as long as the berries are availab'e. Of this order the Army itself will take 720,000 pounds and the Navy will be allotted 280,000 pounds. This makes no provision for the Merchant Marine, and Can- ners was urged to deliver addition- al dehydrated cranberries and sauce in cans for the consignment, if possible. Army orders for dehydrated ber- ries was first entered at $2.35 a pound, an increase from $1.75 last year, but when OPA indicated a figure to reflect a price of $21.40 on cranberries for canning the matter was taken up with the Army by Cranberry Canners that this dehydrated pound price be raised to $2.50 a pound, and al- though this increase was at first objected to by the Army the Gov- ernment has agreed to pay the $2.50 for its order of 1,000,000 pounds of dehydrated cranberries. (Continued on Page 19) Issue of November, 1944 — Vol. 9. No. 7 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 p Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post oflRce at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of per year. March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. TlCrop Report— Latest USDA cranberry crop report, released in mid-October and based on the sur- vey of October 1, is for a total pro- duction of but 358,000 barrels, a deci'ease of 15 per cent from the September indication. The 1943 crop total'ed 680,900 barrels and the ten-year average is 632.740 bai'rels, or but 52.4 per cent of last year's output and 56.3 per cent of the ten-year average, if the Oc- tober estimates prove to be cor- rect. Massachusetts is given 165,000; Wisconsin, 98,000; New Jersey, 53,000; Washington, 29,- 000 holding up to September esti- mate); Oregon, 11,500 (running over September estimate of 9,800). MASSACHUSETTS UTop May Be 150,000?— The week of October 16th saw the Massachusetts harvest cleaned up, with only a few of the larger growers still picking that week. Estimates of growers then were the number of barrels harvested in Massachusetts would not exceed 150,000 barrels. New England Cranberry Sales was placing the maximum at 150,000, as it had feared for several weeks whether that figure wou'd be reached. Proportions by varieties, as esti- mated then by Mr. Benson, were for approximately 55 per cent Ear- ly Blacks, about 39 per cent Late Howes, and the balance in odd va- rieties. The falling off in Howes just about equalled the drop in Blacks. Demand for cranberries was ex- cellent, and at mid-Oct., with the Wisconsins coming in, Mr. Chaney reported from Chicago that he could easily sell 200 more cars than were availab'e. The maiket was "begging" for more cran- berries, he said. Massachusetts shipments were of necessity in view of the acute shortage, way off from normal all the season. On October 19th but 142 cars had passed through Mid- dleboro as compared to 369 last year at that time. Shipments for (Continued on Pase 17) Jersey Cranberries Out-valued By Blueberries— Estimate 53,000 bbls. However Belief Exists, Proper Practices Can Halt Failures and Restore Cranberry Production There — Blueberries Yet to Face Problems Cranberry Growers Have Solved. New Jersey's crop, based on the October first figures and released October 12th by D. 0. Boster, New Jersey agricultural statistician, is for a crop of 53,000 barrels, one of the smallest Jersey productions on record and a reduction of 10 per cent from the earlier season fig- ures. In 1943 the production was 62,000 barrels, and the 10 year (1933-43) average was 95,400. Dry weather in the fall of 1943, with water supplies inadequate for pro- per flooding of the bogs following harvesting operations, seems to be the principal reason for the very Mght yield secured on most bogs this year, the report says. In ad- dition, the prolonged dry and hot spell throughout July and Augusc was detrimental to high produc- tion this year. Harvesting of Early Blacks began during the last week of August and was com- pleted on nearly all bogs by Oc- tober 1, and harvesting of other varieties well along, with some sma'ler growers completely fin- ished because of the light crop. The size of the berries was gener- ally small, due to the dry weather, and quality reported ranged from fair to good. Harvesting generally entirely finished by the week ending Oc- tober 21. The estimate of Mr. Boster was considered about right by most of the growers, although none too low, and might prove to be a trifle high. Jersey felt the same frosts as in Massachusetts over the week end of the 14th and, as in Massachu- setts, readings of 14 were recorded. Most bogs that had not finished picking were flooded, but many had already conc'uded then, and while there were probably slight losses here and there the damage as a whole was of no consequence. Accumulation of Causes Jersey did not have the definite crop "disasters" that befell Mas- sachusetts this year one' after an- other, yet the crop, in spite of fine promise at the beginning of the season, turned out to be the small- est in many years. There was a good bloom, and after that pros- pectts kept on "disappearing". There was no severe frost loss in the spring as there was in Massa- chusetts, as one definite cause for Massachusetts' small crop. Mr. Doehlert finds it hard to under- stand why the crop did not de- velop, a'though two successive summer droughts would be one reason. There is an accumulation of adverse factors at work in New Jersey at present which is keeping the crops down. It is felt that a great deal more sanding should be done by the growers. There is much acreage that needs replant- ing, and there is too much acreage for the water supply, which at best is limited. There was the loss by deer, eating berries and rolling on the bogs, and the results of Jer- sey's severe false blossom afflic- tion. Though it was a bad, bad year for cranberries in New Jersey, it was another top year for those who produce New Jersey's culti- vated b'ueberry crop, and the value of the crop of blues is now exceed- ing the value of New Jersey's cranberries. Last year the blue- berry crop brought in about a mil- lion and a half dollars and this yc-ar when it is figured up it is be- (Continued on Page 11) Five Jamaican Help Was Valuable In Mass. This Year Imported Island Workers Have Performed Many Jobs Since June, Including Harvesting — Some To Be Held Over Through No- vember. Two hundred and thirty Jamai- cans have been taking part in the Massachusetts harvest this fall, and 150 of these have been engaged in various kinds of cranberry work since mid-June. They were sched- u'ed, according to their original contract, to have left the Massa- chusetts cranberry area October 31st at the end of the season, but so desirable has their help been that 75 to 100 will be kept through the month of November by exten- sion of contract. There had even been talk on the part of the grow-, ers of having a cei'tain number re- main throughout the winter to be on hand next season, but this pro- ject will not materialize. It has been a sort of "even- Steven" proposition all season be- tween the Massachusetts growers and the workers. The growers, by and large, liked the Jamaicans and the work they did, and the Jamai- cans liked the work and the cran- berry growers. Difficulties of any kind (and a few could not be avoid- ed) have been at a remarkable minimum. Particularly have these imported island workers been appreciated during the harvest season just ended. As picking time drew on and crop prospects kept on sadly dwindling, it was at first thought there would be ample local help and these Jamaicans would not really be needed. However, as the season progressed, it became in- creasingly evident that the number of workers generally putting in an appearance at picking time (as they did last year in rather un- expected strength) was greatly reduced. This was due in part to the poor picking and general lack of interest on a piece rate pay basis. Others guaranteed pay- ment on an hourly rate, felt the crop was too short to warrant leaving industrial jobs for a week or two of questionable weather and spotty crops. Because of this the Jamaicans were decidely wel- come, the final group of about 85 having arrived in Plymouth Coun- ty the middle of September. They had been expected about Labor Day. The project to obtain this help began when J. T. Brown, Plymouth County agent, surveyed the cran- berry growers' needs and initiated a deal for the War Food Admin- Six CAMP MANAGER R. W. MILLER Mr. Miller is a native of North Carolina and lived there as a boy, but has been engaged in business for many years in Pennsylvania, around Pittsburg. For a number of years he worked as investigator for an insurance company, but later was in the same business making investigation for many companies as clients. He has been in Government work for 37 months. Before becoming associated with WFA he was with the Farm Security Administration. When WFA developed from FSA he transferred to that. Mr. Miller was an aviator in the last war and holds a commercial flying license in the state of Florida. He has done commercial flying and a good deal of sport flying. He has himself flown planes in crop dusting in Florida. Crop dusting is entirely practi- cal with many crops, he says, but it is hazardous and would be ex- tremely so on many Massachusetts bogs. He has seen some cranberry properties sufficient in size and laid out so as to make air dusting practical. But for smaller bogs and for those larger ones which do not have approaches clear of trees and the many bad "corners" and pockets often found he says the tlying is too tricky, in his opinion. He sees no reason, however, why a helicopter would not be perfect- ly feasible in cranberry bog dust- ing, sanding, and other bog work, even on smaller bogs. Its ability to hover and fly at low speeds would remove the danger and in- efficiency of a fast-moving plane, which, he says, should not attempt to dust at less than 75 miles an hour, which gives the pilot a suf- ficient margin of safety in speed. istration to take over Camp Man- uel on South street in Plymouth from the United States Engineers. The contracts signed called for employment for at least 75 per cent of time for the number of days of the term, it having been the experience of WFA that the 75 per cent clause is more than ample allowance for days in which out- door work cannot be done. How- ever, with the long di'ought this summer average work was consid- erably higher than that. Wages were at the prevailing rates for the type of work done. Without the adequate housing facilities of Camp Manuel the Ja- maicans could not have been quar- tered satisfactorily to WFA re- quirements. By a similar arrange- ment with the Army by Agent Brown, cots, mattresses, blankets, pillows and all kitchen equipment were obtained. Four contract holders have been responsible for the use of the Ja- maicans in Massachusetts this year — the New England Cranberry Sales Company, Cranberry Can- ners, Inc., A. D. Makepeace Com- pany and J. J. Beaton Company of Wareham. The two cooperatives have distributed the men among their member growers, thereby making them available to many growers as part of their service to their membership. The first group arriving came di- rectly from Jamaica, being as- signed by the Office of Labor, WFA, through the area represent- ative R. W. Shaples, Hartford, Conn. They had their own camp personnel, being headed as Camp Manager by R. W. Miller of WFA. At the camps, besides the sleep- ing quarters was a large recreation hall, with tables for games, writ- ing, a radio, juke box, a tonic and cigarette bar, and pay telephone station. In the quadrangle was a grass plot on which was played cricket and basketball. There was also a clinic with a Plymouth nurse in charge. The work day at Camp Manuel began at 5.45 when the first busses left for the various bogs, and all workers were supposed to be back by seven in the evening when sup- per was served. Exceptions were Lemuel Murphy, left, said he would like to stay and see snow, once. Oscar Burgess, center, was employed at Atwood bogs. Right, a scooper at bogs of H. R. Bailey. made to this when a grower hnd a special job which he wished fin- ished up, and then the men were allowed to work overtime. Eight hours was the contract day, but the Jamaicans put in nine by their own request. Travel time to and from work was set at a uniform 45 minutes a day including the time spent going and returning. One-half of this time was paid for by the grower, while the workers contributed the rest. This was considered a fair arrangement to both. The growers also had to provide the transportation, which was one of the greatest objections to this type of worker. Growers are not used, with some few exceptions, to having to go and get their workers in the morning and return them at night. The custom has been for the laborers to get to the bogs under their own power. The Jamaicans, in the main, were an industrious and a thrifty lot, and were very anxious to get in as much overtime as possible, and most of them sent a very consider- able part of their money home. A portion of this was withheld and sent back to the island for them. Mr. Miller estimated that of all their pay much more than half was saved and sent back to Jamaica. For the scooping season the Ja- maicans also were to work an eight hour day, and if unable to get in a full eight hours they were given other work to do early mornings and late afternoons or inside woi-k where there was rain. They were paid slightly less than the prevail- ing wage for an experienced scooper while they were getting the "hang" of this work. But it didn't take most of them more than a day or so before they were get- l^ing the full rate of pay. Jamai- cans are slow, but steady workers and their period of learning the knack of scooping was short. Few would have broken any scooping records, however, even in the best of picking, it must be admitted. This was also true of their weed- ing, grub-hoeing, ditching, sand- ing, or any other work. But even through this hottest and driest of Massachusetts summers they worked steadily and conscientious- ly. The age of these Jamaicans was from 21 into the late 30s, the aver- age in the mid-twenties. Many of them were married and they came from all walks of life. They in- cluded chemists, tailors, book- keepers, as well as agricultural workers. Some had been working on banana plantations. Some owned their own small farms. The war has cut so deeply into normal Jamaican economy that the Brit- ish government had ai-ranged to send about 25,000 of these men to the United States to help out in the agricultural labor shortage here. Recruiting had been done at Kingston, but the workers had come from all pai'ts of the island. Their names were for the most part "good" English sounding names, with a generous interlacing of Scotch and Irish, especially the former. They bore such names as Gibbs, Jones, Brown, Smith, Price, Campbell, Mullins, Thompson, Gil- lespie and Clark. Two were named McFarlane, brothers, one with the typical English given name of Vivien, but these MacFar'anes had no connection as far as known with the famous old "cranberry" name of McFarlin. The Jamaicans were dignified and extremely polite, even to each other. They treated each other like gentlemen, as they did their grower employers. "Your Jamai- can is humble, but he is also proud" Mr. Miller had told the growers at the start of the season. This proved to be true. In work they set a pace which was slow, but once they had established a "gait" they kept at it from morning until night, and growers often found that in the long run they got more accomplished than some local work- ers had ever done. The Jamaicans were religious; some were Anglicans, some Cath- olics, and some Methodists. Often they sang spirituals as they worked. The workers who came for the cranberry harvest came from the Delaware-Maryland area and not directly from Jamaica, as a ship- ping shortage developed at that time. Mr. Miller, who made all arrangements the first part of the season, was replaced in August by Horace Robinson, who is a gradu- ate of Atlanta University, with an M. S. Degree. Mr. Miller was transferred to other WFA work, first going to Maine in connection with the potato crop. Bebore leaving, Mr. Miller said he had never worked with a more cooperative, united and finer em- ployer group than the cranberry growers of Massachusetts. He asked the writer to especially stress this fact and to say that he had found his experience in Massachu- setts a most pleasureable one. The cranberry growers, he said, were able to agree about what they wanted the Jamaicans to do, and each individual grower did not have an idea of his own at cross-purpose with that of the majority. Grow- ers as a unit, he said, gave him in- structions as to what they wanted to have the workers accomplish (Continued on Page 10) Seven Clatsop Country Was Scene of End of Historic ''Oregon Trair' Here At Southern Mouth of Mighty Columbia River. Cran- berry Industry Is Most Dormant of Anywhere on the West Coast. IP By CLARENCE J. HALL Clatsop County, Oregon, is the southern border of the mouth of the mighty Columbia river, and here cranberry growing made a sonsiderable spurt in 1911 and 1912, and here acreage became as much at one time as 140. Today this has dropped to 43 in actual cultivation, divided into five holdings, a trifle more than half of this being operated by the Dellmoor Cranberry Company of Warrenton. The bud of cranberry growing here is the most dormant of any- where on the West Coast. There is apparently no real reason why Clatsop should enjoy any sudden boom in the growing of cranberries, and, at the same time, no overwhelming reason why it should not become ati active sector in the expanding Pacific Coast cranberry business. At the moment there is not and has not been for some years such enthusiasm as is now prevailing to the South in Coos County and up at Grayland in Washington and .just across the great river at Long Beach. The few growers at Clat- sop say there is no reason why Clatsop can't expend with the other western counties if interest is stimulated. Production records of most of these growers bear out their statements that cranberries can do well in Clatsop. D. J. Crow- ley has said that natural condi- tions here are, in general, identical with those of the Long Beach Pe- ninsula and Grayland and that energetic cultivation should pro- duce results as good as those at Grayland. Clatsop End of "The Oregon Trail" Clatsop County is the end of "The Oregon Trail", blazed when the Lewis and Cark expedition in 1804-05 traveled up the Missouri to its head waters, then crossed the Continental Divide and worked its way down the Columbia to the shore at Astoria. At Seaside, which is the largest summer resort of Oregon and only a few winutes' drive from Dellmoor, is the site of a monument marking the "End of the Oregon Trail", and close by it are the ruins of salt cairns where members of the Lewis and Clark expedition boiled salt from sea -water while camped there for the winter. It was near here that fell the only enemy shot to fall on soil of the United States proper in this war, at least so far, when the Jap- anese submarine some months ago sent shells ashore, presumably aimed at the forts guarding the mouth of the Columbia. Some of t>>p f-ranberry growers heard these shells. Astoria is the county seat and the largest city of the region. S<^ttlement began in 1811 when the fur ship, the "Tonquin", of John Jacob Astor, arrived. As- t/iria is headquarters for the great Columbia River fishine- industry. The city occupies a high promon- tory between the river's mouth and Young's Bay, with the busi- ness section on a narrow bench near the water and the residential district behind it on streets which rise with startling abruntness. At the ton of Coxcomb hill, 700-foot altitude, is the "Astor Co''umn", 125 feet high, a tower bearing a frieze denicting events in th^ his- torv of the city. From this hill and surmounting tower there is one of the finest views in the world — of the open Pacific, the great Co- lumbia river, the mountains, and heavily-wooded sections. Oregon is a beautiful state and of it the American Guide Series, Federal Writers' Project of a few years back, says: "California has climate: Iowa has corn: Massachu- '•etts. history: Utah, religion; New York has buildings and money and bustle and congestion, but that 'lovely, dappled up-and-down land called Oregon' has an evergreen b<^auty, as seductive as the lotus of ancient myth." In the early days, Scotch broom was imported from Scotland for broom making and was later used to bind the drifting sands of the ClatsoD plains, hilly, sandy coun- try where wild cranberries grew. Now this Scotch broom, a lovely yeFow bush in the spring time, sometimes fifteen feet high, has snread so up and down the Pacific Northwest that it has become a E. W. Anderson Has Clatsop Top Cropping Record Rating of top production in Clatsop must be accorded E. W. Anderson, who has raised berries there on his five-acre property for the past 21 years. He has a pro- duction record covering the past 16 years and for that period he has averaged 1,470 quarter-barrel boxes, or approximately 73 barrels to the acre. Mr. Anderson grows Searles, Bennetts and Howes, and is one of the few on the West Coast who have Howes and one of the fewer who have had good luck with them there. He is not so "sold" on Searls, but says, "Searls were something they planted first when they didn't know what to plant." Mr. Anderson, kindly, white- haired, of Swedish descent, and approaching retirement age, has contributed a great deal to the high producing records of the West. His average, while not highly amazing, is certainly one of good, consistent production in any cran- berry district. definite menace and plans are being made in a concerted effort to limit its further spread — that and Irish furze, very similar in appearance. Both are forest fire hazards in the brittle, dry sum- mers. Wild Cranberries The cranberry which grows wild on the Clatsop plains is not the eastern variety which was culti- vated (Vaccinium macrocarpon), but the closely allied, smaller pccies (Vaecinium oxycoccus in- i( imediue). The "American cran- hnry", as has been previous y stated, is not natural to the Wt,st ( oast. However, this smaller va- I ii'ty was valued both by the Ind- ians and the first white explorers when they found it growing- in swamps and peat soils in several of the counties west of the Cascade range. Diaries of members of the Lewis and Clark expedition tell of the berry being purchased from the Indians after the party reached the lower part of the Columbia. The Indians had their own process of drying the wild cranberries during the winter months. They mixed the dried cranberi-ies with water and were able to make a palatable drink. The ear'iest set- tlers in Clatsop soon discovered the wild cranberries on the plains and picked them for their own use. They also sent them to Cali- fornia in the days of the earlier settlements there. Although Charles Dexter Mc- Farlin of Massachusetts began cultivation far to the south in the Coos Bay area in approximately 1885 and Anthony Chabot began cultivation at Long Beach in Washin'^'ton at about the same time, the first known p" anting of the Eastern varieties in Clatsop was not until 1911. This project, engineered by Mr. Bennett, had as stockholders many business and professional men of Astoria and elsewhere. It did not achieve per- manent success, and as a company project the development has long- since gone out of operation. The Dellinger property established the following year did achieve suc- cessful cultivation. Clatsop cranberry conditions seem quite simi ar to those of the East. Bogs may be flooded from streams or from lakes. The Clat- snn growers have sand pits in "hills, as do the eastern growers. Bogs are irregular in shape, and heavier vined than at Grayland. Peat is deep. There are no sprinklers in Clatsop as yet. The worst insect pest is probably the black-headed fireworm. At pres- ent there is no fruitworm of rea' consequence, as there is across the river in Pacific County, Washing- ton. Clatsop's laro-est crop in recent years was in 1940, when there were 3,621 barrels harvested. This rather isolated cluster of C'atsop bogs is close to the Oregon seacoast — within a couple of miU>s — on a single swale running north and south from Wan-enton to Sea- side. Cranberry acreage possibil- ities on this swale have been esti- mated as running well into the hundreds. Rainfall at Astoria is given as 76.57 inches over a peri' i of 52 years. The four present growers of Cb' Dellmoor Cranberry Co. Has Half Clatsop County Acreage Property Operated by Mrs. Dellinger. Widow of Newspaper Publisher, and Son, "Jack", Dates from 1912 — Has Consistently Good Production Average — Wind Machines First Used Here Dellmoor Cranberry Company, operated by Mrs. Gertrude Dellin- ger, widow of John S. Dellinger who founded the bog 32 year« a^o, ablv assisted bv her son, "Jack" Dellinger, has the largest marsh in Clptsop County, in fact about half the cranberry acreage of that area. As the operator of this property, Mrs. De'linger is the "dominant" grower of the region, using dominant in a benevolent sense, and is a member of the Pa- cific Advisory Council of Cranberry Canners, Inc., and one of the more influential growers of the West Coast. Jack is one of the few second generation growers in the Pacific Northwest and, taking a real liking to cranberry culture, is assuming more and more respon- p'bility and will b? one of the Coast growers to be taken into consideration in cranberry aff'airs there in the coming years. The late M". Dellinger was a newspaper man by profession, from the time he was eighteen. Coming to the West Coast, orig- inallv from Pennsylvania, to seek his fortune, he finaly became own- er and editor of the Morning As- torian, and as such was a leader in aff'airs of Northwest Oregon. He engaged in two or three other l«ss important newspaper ventures first, and at the time of his death in 1930 was firmly established in the newspaper world. In spite of his success in this field, he had a strong penchant for farming, and simultaneously oper- ated his farm and cranberry prop- erty at Warrenton, leaning heavily to experimenta' farming. He ex- perimented with various crops, raised livestock and poultry, and grew cranberries. "I thought I was marrying a newspaper man", says Mrs. Del- linger, "but it turned out he was a farmer, too." The first bog in C'atsop County was planted in 1911 by a com- pany of v^hich C. W. Bennett was engineer, just a year prior to the sop, besides Dellmoor, are E. W. Anderson, A. H. Feisseman, Peter Haig and Fred Rouwens, "JACK" DELLINGER beginning of Dellmoor by Mr. Del- linger. This "company" pi-operty has long since gone into abandon- ment, but the Dellmoor marsh is still carrying on and has a consis- tent record of satisfactory crop- ping. Dellmoor is very similar in ap- pearance to bogs of the East, both in its heavier vine growth than bogs at Grayland and Bandon, and in its surroundings. Furthermore its water supply is from a "ake, not a sump, this lake being big Lake Cullaby, which formerly also supplied the Bennett property. The water has to be pumped on, in two six-foot lifts by big pumps. Dellmoor has 23 acres now in bearing and did have 25. There are eleven acres of McFarlins, six and one-half acres of Bennetts, al- so a big berry, a few Centennials, and odd varietiss, and three acres of Howes. However, Jack says he cannot make the Howes produce satisfactoriy, and in this is in agreement with most who own the few other acres of Howes in Wash- ington and Oregon. The bogs were formerly hand picked with harvest crews of from 80 to 100, but in recent years both the Eastern scoop and the Wisconsin water rake have taken tha place of the hand pickers as labor has become scarcer. While the Dellmoor Cranberry Company is not setting a produc- tion record per acre, the recorcj over a period of years would be called at least satisfactory crop^ ping, as it has averaged 51.5 bar- Nint DELLINGER WAREHOUSE rels per acre. This is the record from 1934 until last year, an average of 4,532 quarters or 1133 barrels. No "bad" years are left out in this reckoning. Top pro- duction was 8,361 quarters in 1940, last year, with only 2,388, being the lowest and pulling down the average. Dellmoor Cranberry Company has a sizeable and well-equipped warehouse of two stories. There is a ramp to this warehouse which carries the berries to the second floor for processing, and this ramp arrangement is one of few such anywhere. It was at Dellmoor that the first attempts at frost control by the wind machines were made and there are five of these machines now in use. It has been found they do not give complete frost protec- tion in themselves, at least on this marsh as a whole, and they are used in conjunction with flooding. While they are really supplement- ary on this large bog. Jack Bellin- ger says they often help very ma- terially in the frost control prob- lem as, for one thing, they give protection where water do9s not reach. Dellmoor, as one of the o'der bogs, is not entirely level. They give protection to a dis- tance of 150 feet, but there is some loss in this protection in areas which are not lapped by the differ- ent machines. These machines on the West coast consist of an airplane pro- pellor and usually a second-hand automobile or airplane engine suf- ficiently powerful to turn the pro- peJlor at a speed of from 1200 to 1500 RPM. The engine and pro- peller are mounted in various •ways, the propelor often being connected with the drive shaft, especially if the engine is affixed to the chassis — or the propellor may be connected directly to the front of the engine. The machines Ten may be mounted in a stationary position, thus blowing the air steadily in one direction, or upon a turntable geared to swing from left to right and thus distributes the air in a fan shape; or the turn- table may be geared to make a complete circle about every five minutes, thus blowing the air at intervals in all directions. The theory of the machines is that usually the frost belt does not extend very far up from the ground, and these machines, mount- ed on their towers, pull down warm air and stir it up with the cold. Most West Coast bogs are located within a mile of the ocean or bay and bogs closest to salt water have obtained good benefit from them. Investigations have shown that frequently when the frost temper- atures occur at bog level a temper- ature several degrees higher pre- vail at elevations of 20 to 30 feet above the bog. When the frost layer is deeper than 20 to 30 feet, however, the wind machines do not raise the temperature and their use may even cause additional injury, possibly the cooling effect of evap- oration from the strong movement of air. West Coast growers rave been using them since 1932, and their first demonstration at Dellmoor caused a good deal of interest and many came to see them at work. These at Dellmoor will be main- tained there, although the Del'in- gers plan to install sprinkler sys- tems as soon as possible. Mrs. Dellinger occupies an at- tractive house at the property, and Jack Delling'-r, who is married and has two small daughters, occupies another house on the property. As by far the largest property at Clatsop and with ^ong cranberry experience, the Dellingers and Dellmoor Cranberry Co. are un- official headquarters for cranberry affairs in northern Oregon. A. H. Feisselman Crows Both Bulbs And Cranberries Although he is primarily a grow- er of bulbs, A. H. Feisselman, on four acres, has pi"oduced up to 100 barrels an acre and has a high avei-age production. The growing of bulbs, particularly since the war, (with the cutting off of the famous bulbs of the European low coun- tries), is becoming a major indus- try on the West Coast and espec- ially in Oregon. Mr. Feisselman has six acres of bulbs, "King Alfred" daffodils, and his fields in blooming season are one of the sights of the region. He finds Clatsop County excellent bulb-growing country, as it does not get above 60 degrees during the bub-growing season. The growing of bulbs on the Coast has been one of the greatest of war- boom industries. Mr. and Mrs. Feisselman live in a beautiful house on a beautifully landscaped property, including rare trees. He has been growing cranber- ries since 1916 and has two bogs of two acres each. They were built considerably out of level, and he floods from two small streams, using pumps. His varieties are Searls and Bennetts, both of Wis- consin origin. He dry scoops by the Eastern method, although he hand-picked before labor became so scarce. These bogs were a part of the original Company development. JAMAICANS (Continued from Pare 7) and then he could pass along the instructions to the men and see that the work was done. He said he himself had not a single com- plaint, and hoped the growers had none. Assisting Mr. Brown in the di- rection of the group through the camp managers was Frank T. White, farm labor assistant at Brockton, and Mr. Brown said much credit should go to him. "Joe" Brown, also, now at the end of this season, expresses his appreciation to the cranberry growers who had been very toler- ant of such little grievances and misunderstandings as had arisen among the workers. Do the growers want this Ja- maican abor back again another year? That is a question to be decided next year, depending upon circumstances. Certainly, on the whole, those who had them would, if it is again necessary to import labor. JERSEY CROP (Continued from Page S) ieved this amount will be ex- leeded. It is estimated there are no^v ibout 1800 acres of cultivated blue- )erries in the state and a survey o determine this is in progress at ;he moment. Many of the blue- jerry growers with largest acrc- iges are also cranberry growers, ;hough those who grow both may lot comprise a quarter of those ivho are now in the business However, the New Jersey b'ue- serry industry was very definitely founded by cranberi-y growers and ranberry growers comprise most )f the group of leaders of the lat- ;er industry. The lesson of the value of good cooperation learned by these cran- berry growers who are among the leaders of the Jersey blueberry industi'y has stood the new indus- try in excellent stead. Without this knowledge of close cooperation ilready familiar to these cranberry growers the industry would not lave come along with such rapidi- ty. B'ueberry Growers Successful The blueberry growers are pro- ducing very successful crops and the industry may now be described as in its "heyday", but it has not yet met and overcome the adverses which the cranberry industry has urvived. Cranberry problems are pretty well known and there are known solutions for most of them. Blueberry growers have yet to face many of their problems and one of these is now looming up in a ma- jor "stunt" disease problem. "Blueberry Stunt" is a definite menace to the cultivated blueberry industry and it must be overcome if the industry is to continue to succeed. The carrier of this di- ease has not yet been located. If "stunt" should run its present uncontro led course, by the end of ten years the industry would be jadly shaken.. Constant study is now being iven "stunt" by the New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Labor- atory at Pemberton, under thr supervision of Acting Chief Doeh- ert, and it is believed, or at least loped, that the carrier can be is-? lated and controls developed, jusi s they were in the case of craTi- aerry false blossom. "Stunt" is therefore the immediate and press- ing problem of the blueberry growers. Jersey cranberry growers, or many of them, feel that cranberr> growing in New Jersey can sta^Z' comeback. Jersey conditions continue favorable for cranber; rowing. Dr. Doehlert lists som, of the imperative needs of thr Jersey growers as more sanding, rebuilding of many bogs, the elim- inating of much marginal acreage. For Jersey's limited water supply in comparison to big acreage, the possibilities of overhead rotary sprinklers are considered as ex- tremely favorable. Jersey's scoop- ing losses are exceedingly heavy, both to current crops and in dam- age to future crops. One reason for this is assigned to the univer- sal Jersey practice of scooping from a standing position, rather than kneeling, as in Massachu- setts. Encouraging Cranberry Factors A decidedly encouraging note is being struck for New Jersey, it is hoped, in the development of the new fungicide, "Fermate". This product is seemingy able to exer- cise a remarkable control over rot, and rot has ever been a major han- dicap to New Jersey cranberry growing. If rot can be controlled the Jersey future immediately be- comes brighter again. R. J, Wilcox, associate pathol- ogist, USDA, long stationed in New Jersey, has achieved some results in tests with "Fermate" the past two seasoons which have brought him great encouragement. He obtained "striking" results last season and again this year on further tests, which he is now checking up on. If this fungicide develops, as it is giving every promise of doing, it should pro- vide, in the opinion of Mr. Wilcox, a most desirable opportunity for Jersey growers to salvage a arge part of their crop that now goes to the rot pile. Damage By Deer Heavy In Jersey Depredations by These Ani- mals Since War Have As- sumed Serious Proportions One contribution to New Jer- sey's crop deficiencies is deer, and this loss from deer has now become of considerable importance to the Jersey men. This has been in- creasing steadily during the war, with fewer hunters and less am- munition available, and now in some of the more isolated areas, particularly in the sparsely-settled southern section of the cranberry district, has assumed really seri- ous proportions. A survey was made last year by D. 0. Boster, agricultural statistician, USDA, and his figures, as read at the an- nual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association last January, gave his estimate of deer damage as 8.3 per cent of the crop. The loss this year, growers be- lieve, was even more serious. Some growers have suffered heavily, Isaac Harrison, one of the largest Jersey growers, says he figures this year that depredations by deer have cost him at least $10,000. Damage at one of his bogs at Sim place was practically complete. The deer eat the berries and damage many more by rolling and stamping and knocking them off. On some areas and on some whole bogs it has been impossible for the Jersey men to pick any berries (Continued on Paee 17) THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO. MASS. Tel. Midcleboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee Eleven We ARE Approaching Victory We have much to be thank ful for, this Thanksgiving of 1944. We can be thankful our cities and towns have remained un- harmed. Our sacrifices and losses are bringing rapidly to an end j the evil forces which attempted to dominate the world and destroy 1 the freedom of the individual. We are thankful we are to remain free men. This is the 30th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Gibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw^ Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. NEW JERSEY better had get busy in adopting some effective plans for put- :ing brakes on the decline of production, n that state, and this is particularly em- phasized when it is realized that this year West Coast cranberries will almost equal ;hose of Jersey in volume. It was not long igo when Jersey, for decades, had been he second largest cranberry state and in 5ome years had exceeded Massachusetts. West Coast production scarcely entered nto the overall picture. We hope we are going to need all the 3erries we can produce in postwar years. The West Coast is to be congratulated and Mew Jersey should be given encourage- nent. There are definite changes in prac- ;ices which it is believed will bring Jersey 3ack, if they are generally adopted, as a "ew of the larger Jersey growers are do- ng. ISSUE OF NOVEMBER, 1944 Vol. 9 No. 7 WEST COAST AND JERSEY STILL REASON FOR THANKS CONCERNING their crop, Massachu-, setts growers and also those in New Jersey have not too much to be thankful or, this Thanksgiving of 1944. But the growers of Massachusetts can be thankful hat an unprecedented crop disaster such is this year has brought is not a disaster rom which they cannot recover. Cer- ;ainly that is true of the vast majority, if lot of all. They can be thankful that the cranberry industry as it has progressed in •ecent years has sufficient inherent strength so that such a year will not get ;hem down. And it hasn't. This is possibly the irst time when in such a year such a great imount of work is going on. Improve- Tient of their properties is being limited ilmost entirely by the inability to obtain abor or materials, not by discouragement because of such a "bad" year. With the 'est the vines have received this year and he improvements which are being made ome bogs will be better than before. The successes and stability of the past ew years provided a cushion greatly soft- ening this year's let-down. Growers, by .he very nature of this year's luck can be 'orgiven for feeling glum, but as to the im- nediate future of the cranberry industry here is little pessimism. Grower after Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief, New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application grower just wants to forget and get by this year, and to get going again next year to recoup losses. What the future has in store for the cranberry industry rests in the general un- certainty of the post-war era. The ex- perts are now warning us against an over- capacity to produce our agricultural needs which may come next year or the year after. A super-abundance of foodstuffs of all kinds is not good news for the pro- ducers of agricultural products. If noth-, ing else, it would mean stiffer competition between cranberries and competitive fruits. The immediate coming years in this period of great change from things as they were before the war to what they will be after are going to offer the keenest of challenges to cranberry growers. Thirteen Rolla Parrish Is Largest Grower At Long Beach Is Proving His Belief in Peninsula and West Coast Future by Buying and Renovating Old Bog — Is Chairman Pacific Division Council of Cranbejry Can- ners, Inc. Largest acreage on the West Coast (except for the new 100- aere development of Guy C. Myers near Long Beach) is that of Rolla Parrish of Long Beach, chairman Pacific Division, Cranberry Can- ners. Inc., and Mr. Parrish is one of those most certain that the Long Beach Peninsula can be as fine a cranberry-producing district as was originally believed. He is also a vice president of Canners. He owns 91 acres in all, largely old acreages of the original devel- opments. He plans to bring these back, or, more accurately speak- ing, to make these bogs into the sort of cranberry properties the original plans contemplated, but did not achieve. Rolla Parrish got into cranberry growing at Long Beach in an in- direct fashion. He came there from a large ranch in Central Ore- gon owned by his family and which he was managing, to visit his sis- ter, Mrs. C. Knox-Cooper. This was a cattle and wheat "ranch, and he, as his father had recently died, had charge of a large number of men engaged in the round-ups and other work. Mrs. Knox-Cooper's husband was interested in cran- berry growing, and from them he became aware of the possibilities in cranberry culture. This was in 1913. He bought an acre, which was partly in vines, and completed it. At the same time he started to work for other growers at Long- Beach, constructing cranberry plantings. In 1921 he opened a garage, the first on the Long Beach peninsula. At that time there was no way to get to the Peninsula except over sandy trails or by boat. Parrish, however, foresaw the coming of automo- biles and the opening of motor roads, and a period of development. Fourteen This real estate and motor develop- ment did come. He expanded his "garage", which at first was an "open-air" one where cars were repaired, and then opened a large hardware store. Bought Up Acreages He never lost his interest in cranberries and from time to time bought up additional acreage of the early bogs which were running out from their original plantings. However, as he became a larger and larger grower he became more and more dissatisfied with mar- keting conditions as he found them set up on the West Coast. As a considerable part of his crop was best suited for canning, he became interested in that angle of cranberry marketing. He tried several outlets and then of his ow initiative got in touch with M Urann and at his own request b( came a member of Cranberr ■J Canners as soon as he learned mor about the Cooperative. He nc feels that his particular marketin problem has been ideally solved. Other Long Beach grower joined about the same time, and h was very largely instrumental i helping get in the few growers c Clatsop County, Oregon, acros the Columbia from the Lon Beach-Ilwaco area, and made se\ eral trips down to Southern On gon and assisted very materiall in having Bandon growers sig; up. About half his vines are Mc Farlins and the others Howes, bu for West Coast culture he prefer le McFarlin, as do most of the acific growers. With sound mechanical know- dge and background, Mr. Par- sh is a firm believer in machin- •y to cut bog bui'ding and main- nance costs, and in all possible aerations he uses modern me- lanical equipment. Of an in- ;ntive mind, some are devices of s own invention, such as a grass- itter, powered by an electric mo- r. Water Rakes Entire Crop On his properties he has eight )g pumps, three of which are ectric. He has his own pole le and transformers, getting his )wer from the Public Utilities epartment, the electricity origi- iting at the Grovernment Bonne- lie dam up the Columbia. He IS water-raked all his berries for e past five seasons, and for this irpose bought ten water-rakes om Wisconsin. He cleans his rries at his warehouse by a ige cleaner which he constructed mself from plans furnished by arl B. Urann, although he had never seen one of these cleaners. He has one water hole of about five acres for his water supply, and his main source for immediate use is a supply ditch 4,300 feet long, 20 feet wide, with a depth of six feet of water. He has nine acres already equipped with sprinkler systems, and plans to convert his entire property as soon as possi- ble to this method of frost protec- tion and irrigation, at an esti- mated cost of about $60,000 for everything. His sprinklers are Buckner, jun- ior size, "hammer" and "commer- cial" types, the latter being the more expensive to install. He spaces these 62 feet apart, stag- gering them to make certain of adequate coverage on all parts of the bogs. This gives him some lap-overs and spots with heavier water, but he believes it is better to have this over-lap with its mar- gin of safety than to have dry areas. His sprinklers throw about 85 feet at 40 pounds pressure. His main pipeline is wood, 8 inches in diameter, with lead-offs of three-inch wood, and his laterals are mostly wood. P*umps on His Sprays Mr. Parrish can also can-y his spray to some of his bogs through big spray pipes from a spray house where he mixes and pumps the spi-ay. He designed this lay- out himself. When he got into cranberry growing on a considerable scale he became interested in the pump- ing of sand from under the ground and spreading it by the dredge system. He has sanded a good deal of new acreage by this meth- od and resanded other bogs. He was engaged in this method of sanding and resanding before 1941. The following is his description of how he has spread sand by dredges: "The brush, ti'ees and other over-burden are removed by means of a bulldozer. The one we used was a hundred horsepower ma- chine that cleared an acre down to the sand in about six hours. This meant removing an average of three feet of the top soil from the tmu O A^ Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Fifteen ANOTHER YEAR IS AHEAD It does no good to dwell upon unfortunate circumstances which have gone past, except to apply the lessons we may have learned to the future. Efficient, mechanical equipment, effectively used, is one of the best means of averting, or lessening crop disasters, PUMPS and DUSTERS are vital items in the growers' equipment. Consult us as to how we can help you improve next year's prospects. Next year's manufacturing quota is set — already a substantial proportion has been sold. We urge you FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION to place orders without delay. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. whole acre. The pump used for pumping the sand is a six-inch sand and gravel pump powered with a seventy horsepower gas engine. This is set on a scow fourteen by thirty feet. The pipe line used is a wooden pipe eight inches in diameter, this being two inches larger than the pump size. In order to get extra pressure we reduced the pipe size to six inches at the edge of the bog, and used pipe in six-foot lengths in the field. This makes spreading the sand easier, as one six-foot length is removed as rapidly as an area is taken care of. This pipe is laid out across the bog and, as stated, a joint of pipe is removed as soon as a surface becomes sanded. In this way we are always working back towards the main line. As each joint of pipe is removed from the sanded surface it is immediate- 'y set in place in the next row to be sanded. About twenty feet is taken care of in each row. When the end of the row is reached, the plant is shut down only long enough to connect the last pipe to the main line and it is then all ready to start another row. "For spreading the sand at the end of the line we use a rubber hose about fourteen feet long and six inches in diameter with a coup- ling that slips onto the pipe easily and quickly. The connection from the main line to the bog is made with a canvas hose, as this takes Sixteen care of curves or bends that may be necessary in lining up the pipe. We pumped through one mile of pipe line and we aver- aged about one acre in eight hours, resanding to a depth of an inch or more. We used four men in the fie'd and two men on the scow. There is very little trouble with a pump of this size as far as clog- ging is concerned, since it will throw chunks of wood or peat four or five inches in diameter through the line, should such material get in there accidentally. "I consider this a very satisfac- tory way to resand since there is little injury, no uprights are cov- ered, and the sand may be spread very evenly after the crew gets a little experience." Mr. Parrish is certain of two things. One is that the coming of Cranberry Canners, with its as- surance of market for canning and fresh fruit through the American Cranberry Exchange, has brought a bright new future to the grow- ing of cranberries on the West Coast. He fee^s now growers there can proceed to build and improve properties and raise their crops, knowing they can make profitable disposition of produc- tion. Secondly, he has faith in the cranberry future of the Long Beach area. He feels that just as good crops can be produced on the Peninsula as at Grayland or at Bandon. With Canners supplying the market, it is now a matter rebuilding properties and b' which were not properly built ; vined in the first place, of bu ing new bog properly and tl giving this renovated and new 1 the right kind of care. Mr. Parrish not only sts these as convictions. He is ba ing up his faith in the cranbe possibilities of Long Beach v his time, energy and capital. IV Parrish is just as enthusiastic he is about the future at Lk Beach and just as interested West Coast cranberry growi Mr. and Mrs. Parrish, believ that growers at last have b< given a proper marketing set- feel the rest will come along i their faith will be reflected in growth of the Pacific Northw as a cranberry region. Editor's Note — Mr. Parrish t fall has a crew of Mexicans he ing harvest his crop, and is said be putting in a lot of time learni Spanish, and even then his ordi aren't understood very well. T. Mexicans are reported to like <: scooping much better than wa raking. JERSEY DEER (Continued from Page 11) at all by the time the deer haj^ finished. The losses are particuli ly severe on the more isolated bo and on those which are long a narrow in shape. A survey is being conductfie again this year by Mr. Boster accordance with a vote taken the last January meeting, alst ■MHMttMMMilM •J>aiMi»a^Mlalka«tf>i "RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS" Pioneers: Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation For complete data write L. R. Nelson Mfg. Co., Peoria, 111. Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg., Glendora, Cal. For Oregon and Washington, R. M. Wade — Oregon Culvert & Pipe, Portland, Ore. ile it is not yet complete grow- feel it will reveal worse condi- ns than last year. ast year's report included re- ns from more than half of the ducers of last year's crop, timates of damage in per cent 1 as high as 15.4 in Atlantic inty, where Mr. Harrison's bogs located. The total loss for the te was estimated by Mr. Boster his report as 5,500 barrels. If i average season price for Jer- ' berries of last year, $16.20, s applied to this, he said, the 13 loss from deer in dollars and ts was approximately $60,000. Charles A. Doehlert, acting chief the Jersey cranberry-blueberry tion, understands from the opin- of growers, Mr. Boster's figures s year will show a larger pro- tionate loss. F'resh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) week before were but a little !r 100 cars, whereas the corres- iding week in 1943 there had !n approximately 300. In fact, s shipped were about 1/3 less corresponding date all the he. [Slight Fall Frost Losses— Fall st losses were almost negigible, rcely worth attempting to put into a percentage, even though 1944 as a whole will go down in cranberry history as one of the worst with the severe freezes of last spring. Spring loss was about 20 per cent, as estirnated by Dr. Franklin. This fall brought about the usual number of cold nights and consequent frost warnings. Water supplies were low, and dur- ing the hurricane trouble growers were further handicapped, but many by harvest time had no crops at all or such scattering berries that frost made little difference to them. H Frost October 15 — Most severe frost during the harvest season came on Sunday night, October 15, when temperatures of 14 were I'eached at several points. This was reported at Noi'ton and at Carlisle. Sixteen degrees was quite general; fifteen was report- ed at the Weyethe bog at Green, Rhode Island. A little damage was reported that night and for the following evening Franklin sent out another warning in lesser degree, but that night did not turn out as cold, and it was cold the following night. WISCONSIN IfCrop Down Slightly— The Wis- consin crop, originally estimated at 117,000 barrels, has, like the crops in Massachusetts and New Jersey, fallen off from the first figures, but Wisconsin will now have a crop estimated at about 98 to 100,000 barrels, still an ex- cellent production. USales Co. Meeting — Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company held its fall meeting, with C. M. Chaney a principal speaker, giving infor- mation about ceiling regulations. He told how the short total crop, with the Army taking 100,000 barrels for dehydration, has forced a pro-rating of shipments to cus- tomers of long standing, or prac- tically a matter of "rationing". He said the Wisconsin crop is being shipped earlier this year than ever in its history. Vernon Goldsworthy, general manager of Sales Company, said he still expected the crop would run a little in excess of 100,000 barrels (last year 102,000). Sales Company members ratified a decision of the directors contin- uing the one-pool plan, which has been in operation in that state for a number of years. The meeting also unanimously endorsed the res- olutions offered by the directors to request that all state units and the American Cranberry Exchange be included in the current survey by Cranberry Canners, and if this was Seventeen not forfhcommg to go- ahead with the Wisconsin survey, anyway. Edward A. Twerdahl and Zenas W. Carter, representing the New York surveying firm of Booz, Al- len & Hamilton, made brief talks. That evening Sales Company members and their wives were guests of Mr. Chaney at a dinner at the Witter Hotel. Guy O. Bab- cock, company treasurer, was toast- master and he called upon A. H. Hedler, Guy Nash, Guy Potter, C. L. Lewis, William F. Huffman, G. D. Williams, B. C. Brazeau and William F. Thiele, all members of the company. A. E. Bennett, president of Sales Company and the dean of the Wis- consin growers, gave a brief resume of the cranberry cooperative move- ment, beginning in Wisconsin in 1906, which eventually led to the formation of the American Ex- change. berries up to the middle of Novem-r ber. ^Dean Visits Cranberry Area — Dean Edward G. Johnson, head of the Experiment Station and Dean of the Washington State College of Agriculture, visited the Gray- land and Long Beach cranberry areas and went over the bogs with Mr. Crowley. WASHINGTON TICrop Holding Up— As October was ending, the crop was holding up and it appeared the earlier esti- mates would be reached, but the greatest worry of the growers of both Grayland and Long Beach was the problem of help. Picking was slow, even though weather had been better than average for October and very little time lost from that cause. Many of the lo- cal women who ordinarily help out were working in tuna fish canneries and others in the oyster canneries, where the wage rates were higher. A critical need for more help was reported to the farm labor office at South Bend, but it appeared as if growers would still be harvesting UNew Jersey Visitor — Another visitor to the Washington bogs this fall was Dr. J. H. Clark, horticul- turist from the New Jersey ex- periment station. He spent sev- eral days in the cranberry section and visited Mr. Ci'owley at the Washington state bog at Long Beach. He looked over both cran- berries and blueberries. He was accompanied by Mrs. Clark, and came at the request of Guy C. Myers. Mrs. Myers was also in the party, and Mrs. George Cruz, sister of Mrs. Myers. USuction Pickers Clean but Slow — Suction picking machines were held to be doing a fine job, picking- much cleaner and disturbing the vines less than hand picking, but were very slow where large acre- age is involved. !IBerries Colored Slowly — First harvesting got underway at Long Beach the week of September 25, but was interrupted by a rain. Less than ten per cent of the crop had been harvested by the first week in October, as the berries were coloring very slowly, which Mr. Crowley says is typical of a season with so little rainfall as the Northwest had this season. iimii III |i 1 1 1| 1 1 II I laiaHBiwi^^i^^j'r- M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton's Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years Eighteen HGood Crops— Indications we that the crop would turn out we as had been predicted all seasc At the State Bog Mr. Crowl hoped to harvest at the rate about 150 barrels an acre, a; several other Peninsula bogs we expected to yield even better. UHelp Scarce — Help was n very plentiful, but many local pe pie were pitching in and it w said that many of the worn pickers who gathered at the Sta Bog actually came more to he out than because they wanted t harvest money. About 85 sucti pickers are being used at Gra land and by two of the Peninst growers, Leonard Morris a: Charles Nelson. OREGON HCrop Fine— With the end of t 1944 cranberry harvest, it appea that Oregon may be the only d trict in the country which has e ceeded earlier crop estimates. T crop was holding up splendid' but, as in Washington, the b problem was one of labor. ^Everybody Helping — Band business houses started to clc the week of October 16th for couple of afternoons a week, give employes and owners a chan to help with the harvest. T urgent need was for more and mc pickers, and this prompted t business men, who reaMzed the ii portance of this growing industi to take every possible action to s sist. The schools were also givii a hand through the sending of p toons of student pickers, und leaders, from bog to bog. In c der to make it possible for mot ers to go to the bogs, arrang ments were made to care for ch di'en at the Bandon grade schc building during the day. A noi inal charge was made and lun> was served for a small sum, if d sired. U Labor Greatest Problem — Ha vesting got into full swing t first week in October after a w( come rain September 29th, whv was the first rain after an unu ually long dry spell. Coos Coun expectations as picking start' were for an excellent crop. Lai of pickers was the chief adver factor, it became apparent then. 1160 Cents Per Measure — Co Ci-anberry Cooperative held a pr harvest meeting and E. R. Ivie ou lined the situation this fall, and picking price of 60 cents per me sure was established and adve tised by the Co-op. This is tl highest price ever paid, and, in fa is just double the price membe paid three years ago. Picke Be a Good Sport — Sell Your Cranberries Only for Ceiling Price! Juter x\« JLie 1^ Distributor of Cape Cod CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 10 really worked were told they lid earn from $8 to $10 a day nd picking" at this price. Coos •op was urging local help to ap- for the work, that the large yroll might be kept at home. TICounty Help Organized — Un- the leadership of George Jen- is, County Agent, the whole unty was organized to harvest. ;wspapers carried large ads, lo- 1 business men placed notices in ads urging that the crop be ;ked. Pickers were asked to gister at the County Agent's ice in Coquille, Chamber of Com- ivce, Marshfield, Postmaster El- sr Gant, Bandon, and with grow- in cranberry towns. neighbors he is "looking around for a good cribbage player and a good sunny seat on the south side of a building." As Mr. Litschke's son, who has been in the Navy nearly two years, does not intend to continue as a cranberry grow- er, Mr. Litschke decided to sell. Mr. Morris, who bought the Litschke property, is also the pur- chaser of the bog owned by the Japanese grower before the war. itschke, Long* each Pioneer, ells Property William Litschke, whom this agazine wrote up last month as pioneer and a pioneer grower of Pacific Northwest, has just Id his bog to Leonard Morris of )ng Beach, but will finish out is season. Mr. Litschke, who is has been gi'owing cranberries ntinuously since 1906. Asked what he will do now for citement, Mr. Litschke has told ARMY ORDER (Continued from Page 4) During the month of October Mr. Urann continued his series of weekly broadcasts on Wednesday afternoons at 1 o'clock from WNBH, New Bedford, to Massa- chusetts growers. In these he urged the growers to make certain that enough cranberries were de- livered to Cranberry Canners to supply Massachusetts' part of the Army order and also urged grow- ers to observe ceiling prices. In one address he said that •35,000,000 pounds of turkey had been procured for Thanksgiving, Chi'istmas and New Year dinners for the fighting men on 56 fronts, and 1,000,000 pounds of dehydrat- ed cranberries ordered by the Army to make those turkey dinners com- plete. Quoting, he said, "Uncle Sam is not forgetting to say thanks to his Yanks, and whether or not our fighting men get these 1,000,000 pounds of dehydrated cranberries depends upon you growers". Much interest in these weekly broadcasts by Mr. Urann is indi- cated by the number of letters re- ceived at the main office at South Hanson and the broadcasting sta- tion, following each radio address. These letters ask many questions and request that diflferent phases be touched upon in coming radio talks. As the replies are from a wide- spread area they show that the broadcasts are being heard over most of the Massachusetts cran- berry growing area, at least, and that growers have been listening in as the season has gone along. In one of these addresses he took occasion to tell of the indus- trial survey of Cranberry Canners which is now being conducted by Booz, Allen and Hamilton of New York city. He said representa- tives had" been at work there since mid-September, interviewing brok- ers, buyers, growers, CCI personnel and studying plant layouts and operations. He told growers survey repre- sentatives would call upon them. "I don't know which growers will be interviewed", he said. They Nineteen are making their own selection of growers to interview so that no one may say they were steered to any particular group or that any attempts were made to get any but a true and complete picture of how growers feel about Cran- berry Canners. "If the representatives call up- on you, I want you to talk frankly and freely, and if you have adverse criticism to give that just as frank- ly as pleasant. If you have sug- gestions or criticism about our opei'ations we want to know them, and if there are improvements that can be made we want to know what those are". ecas Cranberry Co. Wareham, Massachusetts Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES We are in position to buy all the berries any grower has to send us. Telephone Wareham 147 ■'^— •■■™'°""°*— '■™-™^"' • S^ A Thanksgiving 1944 At Thanksgiving Time th s year we have mud. to be thankful for. The war is hicvitably dn wing closer to its victorious end. Electricity has played a vital role in this victory which is now approaching, and it will continue to do so in the war against Japan and in the post-war era. Electricity is among the many things we have cause to be thankful for. Continue to use it wisely and conserve it as one of our vital weapons of war. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 WATER IN MASSACHUSETTS End of October and harvest com pleted, found Massachusetts agair with water supplies for float and after-harvest flooding at a mini- mum and winter prospects as dubious as they were last year at this time. Growers hope and praj that the water in brooks, ponds anc reservoirs will come up in time foi winter-flooding and to avert anj such disaster as last year's winter kill, which started the string of ad- verse circumstances leading to this year's crop loss. Dr. Franklin says circumstances at the moment .a? concerns Massachusetts bogs an extremely unusual and he woult not dare to risk any opinion novi as to what another winter kill or top of last year's would do. DOEHLERT VISITS MASSACHUSETTS Charles A. Doeh-ert, acting chiej of the New Jersey Cranberry anc Blueberry Station, was in the Cap( Cod cranberry area recently. He spent considerable time with Dr. H J. Franklin, discussing plans whid might aid in producing largei crops in Jersey. He visited sev cral bog properties, including th( f^well Cranberry Company a' '^■^rlisle in Middlesex county am the bog of Marshall Siebemann a North Harwich, where he was in terested in seeing the rotari sT:rink er system as it is laid ou' ■^berp. He was interested in see- ing Massachusetts bogs which ha( : -n renovated, and was shown tht "Hospital" bog of A. D. Makepeace Co. at Hyannis by County Ageni Bertram Tomlinson. PUBLISHER'S STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP OF THIS MAGAZINE FOR PERIOD ENDING NOVEMBER 1 1944 Before me, a notary public in and for the State of Massachusetts, personally appeared Clarence J. Hall, who, having been duly sworn according to law, de- poses and says that he is the publisher of this magazine and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and be- lief, a true statement of the ownership and management of this publication, for the date shown in the above caption: Publisher, Clarence J. Hall, Wareham, Mass., managing editor, editor and busi- ness manager. Clarence J. Hall, Ware- ham, Mass., Owner, Clarence J. Hall, Wareham, Mass. CLARENCE J. HALL, Publisher. Subscribed and sworn to before me, a notary public, this 29th day of Sep- tember, 1944: Bartlett E. Cushing. Twenty WANTED New Mathewson picking ma- chines in operating condition which I can remodel and resell. RUSSELL A. TRUFANT North Carver, Mass. We are receiving "inquiries" from the U. S. Navy and U. S. Coast Guard for over one million pounds of Canned Cranberry Sauce. Naturally, our first concern is to take care of our boys in the service, and this we will do again this year as we have during 1942 and 1943. Every manufacturer of "food products" is doing an excellent job in providing the armed forces with "QUALITY FOODS." We are in the market for CRANBERRIES, and suggest you consult our CAPE COD Representatives before selling your crop. MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC. BRIDGETON, N. J. Represented by BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Mass. Teamwork Counts! The spirit of cooperation that prevailed in the cranberry industry's presentation of its case to the Office of Price Administration and the War Food Administration during negotiations on the cranberry price ceiling was indeed very helpful, both to the industry and to the government bureaus. To all growers and shippers who lent their assis- tance, we with to extend our sincere thanks. American Cranberry Exchange // The Cranberry Growers Cooperativm U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Lie. No. 1 /^ CHICAGO NEW YORK OtINIMNU MIN ^0,UUU,UUU M T CMK IINUUOIM \PE COO lEW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON vrjiiERRiES PHOTO CHRISTMAS is a time for Faith. )ecember, 1944 B£ST . Best Wishes to Everyone In 1945 from BADGER CRANBERRY CO. MIDWEST CRANBERRY CO. Beaver Brook, Wisconsin C. L. LEWIS, Sec.-Mgr. :^\/i/iCUk. WISH€S OUR GREETINGS and SINCERE HOPE FOR VICTORY AND HAPPINESS IN 1945 HOLD YOUR WAR BONDS Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 WITH VICTORY IN SIGHT, WE WISH TO ALL, GREETINGS OF THE SEASON. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Food Fights for Freedom! U. S. SIGNAL CORPS PICTURE Canned foods from hundreds oj U. S. canning plants arrive at their destination. U. S. soldiers sort rations in warehouse in Neiv Caledonia. Cranberries fight for freedom, too. Not only do they help to feed the Army, but they are a morale food. Turkey and Cranberry Sauce are an American tradition. Millions of Am.erican boys on 56 battlefronts who had your cranberries with Thanksgiving turkey and who will have turkey and Cranberry Sauce again for Christmas, know that Uncle Sam is not forgetting to say "thanks to his Yanks" at holiday time. Your cranberries made that possible. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Coquille. Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, 111. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTR ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION E. T. Cault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give yo any kind of cranberry bo construction service. Shov( — bulldozer — trucking - stump pulling — excavatin — draghauling — canal an ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravt We Transport Cranberries Wood County Nationa Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SU1TS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS The PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks I North Carver, Mass. I Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. G. M. Packard & Co. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. G. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecticides ^y^j^KREGUSfi^. ^•fiiTlLlZEB-^ The Rogers ^6 Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estaior Reed Avenue - • Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 6; ARlE^S-Ti/ler THE MOST OMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION, WIS Cranberry Survey Will Be Finished During December The important project of the sur- vey of Cranberry Canners to which was added a survey of the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange is ex- pected to be completed this month. A report of the findings of Booz, Al'en & Hamilton, 285 Madison avenue. New York, the surveying firm, will be available some time in January, it is thought. Representatives of the company have talked with growers in Wis- consin, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, with brokers and buyers, and made a study of plants and company personnel. Zenas W. Carter, Edward A. Twerdahl, Harold S. Smiddie and D r. Lang, all experts in this line of investigation, have been engaged in the work of establishing an "unbiased, outside" view of the cranberry industry. From this survey, those wlio felt it was desirable hope constructive suggestions wi'l be forthcoming from Booz, Allen & Hamilton which will build up a sounder and more progressive cranberry indus- try, ready to meet post-war condi- tions. The idea of a survey was first made public by Mr. Urann, and at the annual June meeting of Cran- berry Canners a vote was taken for a "thorough and impartial ' sur- vey of Canners and a committee consisting of Charles L. Lewis of Wisconsin, Robert Handy of Mass- achusetts, Isaac Harrison of New- Jersey and M. L. Urann, president of Canners, ex-cfficio chairman, was appointed. Later the direc- tors of the American Cranberry Exchange voted that Booz, Allen & Hamilton should be employed to "make a complete survey of its (American Cranberry Exchange) activities concurrent y with the survey being mada of Cranberry Canners, Inc.," and with the under- standing the survey would include not only the two cooperatives but the entire industry. Wisconsin Cranberrv Sales Com- pany at its meeting on August 14 had previously voted: "In view ct the contemplated survey of Cranberry Canners which is to be made during the coming fall and winter, and in view of the n2ces- sity of studying the allocation of the crop between the fresh and processed markets, we recognize the importance and necessity of a (Continued on Page 18) Outlines Proposed for Winter Programs In Massachusetts CRANBERRY SCOOPS and SCREENINGS Plymouth County Cranberry Committee Starts Plans for Club Meetings — Dis- cuss Agronomist to Assist Dr. Franklin. An agronomist to assist Dr. H. J. Franklin at the Massachusetts Experiment Station at East Ware- ham was one of the subjects dis- cussed at a meeting of the Ply- mouth County Cranberry Com- mittee at the State Bog, East Wareham, November 17th. The proposal has been put forward that the work an agronomist would be able to do wou'd supply one of the fields in cranberry cul- ture not sufficiently developed in Massachusetts to date. This committee, following its plan of the past several years, took up a number of matters in an advisory fashion, most timely among them being to I'oughly sug- gest an outline plan for the win- ter-spring meetings of the cran- berry clubs of that county. Ten- tative'y it was suggested that a meeting of each club be held in January, February, March and April, with the March meeting a county-wide affair at least, and, if possible, extended to take in all growers, perhaps through having the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association sponsor it. Last year a meeting was held in the after- noon, with an interlude for supper and an evening meeting following, and this proved to be very pleas- ant and instructive to the growers. This East Wareham meeting was called by County Agent J. T. Brown and he announced that once again cranberries are included in "Trip"e A" benefits, under sanding as before. This payment will be at the rate of $5.00 an acre and the period extends from Novem- ber 1,1944 to December 1, 1945. Under this there was some discus- sion as to the possibility of hav- ing this extended to include flood- ing and cyaniding for root grub, to coma under the heading of bog conservation. Four A number of other matters were taken up sketchily and tentatively, and a definite program plan for winter meetings is to be drawn up by Agent Brown after the presi- dents of the two clubs and of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' as- sociation have been consulted with. Some of these were in the form of proposals or suggestions to be made to the Growers' association. A sub-committee of Carl B. Urann, Melville C. Beaton and Russell Makepeace was appointed to con- tact the organizations and put pro- posals in more definite shape. Russell Makepeace was chosen chairman at the meeting, with Mr. Brown secretary. Others present besides Makepeace, Urann, Beaton, Brown, and Dr. Franklin were Harrison Goddard, Ellis D. Atwood, George Crowell, Chester A. Vose, Joseph Kelley, Kenneth Garside, and Raymond Morse representing A. D. Benson. Fresh Cranberry Ceilings Up $1.00 Pleading for the cranberry growers of the East the cause of their continuing crop disaster, At- torney Carl Loos, representing the American Cranberry Exchange, argued for a further increase in OPA ceiling prices set F. O. B. Wareham, Massachusetts, and 25 cents a quarter barrel box. or $1.00 a barrel, was added to the maxi- mum, efl'ective with the price peri- od beginning October 30th. This third period, extending through November 19th had been set at $6.15 a quarter, but the increase brought it to S6.40. For the period from then until end of season the ceiling price of $6.30 a quarter was raised to $6.55. The same proportion of in- crease was a lowed for the other producing areas. This $26.20 a barrel (F. 0. B. Wareham, basing point for the country) then was the top fresh cranberry selling price for the grower for the crop of 1944, plus a 10 cent increase a quarter for Wisconsin berries and rlus an additional 15 cents for the West Coast, this being done on the theory of equal prices to any buyer in any given market. Dr. Franklin proved this fall he can not only tell growers how the> should grow cranberries, but car! do it himself. With crop failures all around, the State Bog, undei his management, pi'oduced 54C barrels on 12 Vo acres, while his Lowell Cranberry Company bog UD in Middlesex county got about 2200 barrels on its 46 acres, with 500 'ost in a hail storm early in the summer. Not record crops, bu1 still good for Massachusetts this year, and still good at this year's j ceiling price. Doc Franklin is pretty well sold on Middlesex County as a cranberry area and hasn't hesitated to sing its praises all aong. Extreme winter lows and deep frosts are more than off- set by other advantages, in his opinion. Ellis D. Atwood is another Mas- sachusetts grower who was con- gratuated upon his excellent pro- duction. Mr. Atwood, one of the largest growers in the business,^ produced an average yield for the- whole of his 200 acres at South Carver which makes his achieve- ment far above averag3 for this year. He got approximately 9,000 barrels, consisting of about 5,000 Blacks and 4,000 Howes. Cranberry growers are to be rec- ognized in the program by the Massachusetts Society for the Pro- motion of Agriculture in the awards that ancient organization is to give for achievements in agriculture this past year. Both J. T. Br'^wn and Bertram Tomlin- son of Plymouth and Barnstable counties are to recommend names to their boards of trustees. Cran- berry growers were, by reason of Nature, rather out of the picture of good production this past sea- son, tut it is felt their efTorts were nevertheless deserving. Tomlin- son, working with one of the Barn- stable trustee members, wil' des- ignate a grower as worthy of re- ceiving an "A" pennant, and Brown feels positive that at least one and probably more cranberry men will receive the "A" in addition to oth- ers who will receive service flags in Plymouth County. Milwaukee Journal carried on November 12 a full page in color photographs of the Wisconsin cranberry scene. Thei'e was pic- tured a large raking scene at the Care Smith marsh, Vernon Golds- worthy looking over a lot of ber- ries in drying crates at the Biron Company Marsh, and a little Ind- ian girl with a rake full of the red cranberries. The Denver Post on November 19 had a page of unus- (Continued on Pase 17) Issue of Docembcr, 1944 — Vol. 9, No. 8 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. :resh from the fields By C J. H. Total cranberry production for the country is given in the No- kember USD A crop report as 364,500 barrels, which is a 46 per cent reduction from the 1943 total i)f 680,900 barrels and 42 per cent lelow the 10-year average of 332,740 barrels. Production is e^iven as gaininjj about two per- cent for the country as a whole in October, and conditions were es- pecially favorabe in Wisconsin. The cnly area which picked up from the preliminary August 24th forecast was the West Coast and there Oregon gained from a first- estimated 9,800 barrels to a now- expected 11,500 and Washington mined 1,000 barrels to 30,000 in the recent release. Wisconsin figure is now 110,000 (117,000 ear- lier estimate). New .Jersey esti- mate is now 53,000 (origina'., 59,000), while in Massachusetts the figure has continued to drop to the almost unbelievable estimate of 160,000, original estimate 230,000. MASSACHUSETTS TlLowest Since 1917— If 160,000 does turn out to be the final Mas- sachusetts figure it wil' be com- parable to that of 1917 which was only 137,000, or the lowest in the 45 years in which official records have been kept. Extremely ad- verse conditions continued to pre- vail the whole season. Final re- port on Massachusetts berries in- dicated the fruit was small, not as well co'ored as usual, and there was more shrinkage in screening than usual. Doubt has been local- ly expressed as to whether the final production will exceed 150,000 barrels. UCrop Cleaned Up— The New England Cranberry Sales Com- pany was entirely cleaned up, or practically so, by the end of the week ending November 18th. Th?re was no carry-over for the Christmas trade. "Last season there was a little carry-over from the Thanksgiving market. WISCONSIN HAS SUCCESSFUL YEAR Shipment of the Wisconsin crop has been completed, and Vernon Go'dsworthy, Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, says the 1944 crop in that state was 115,000 barrels, which comes very close to the pre- liminary estimate of 117 000 and is anproximately the figure Mr. Golds- worthy was predicted early in the s'^ason. Of this production Wis- consin Cranberry Sales handled more than 103,000 barrels, a crop which will gross the membership more than two and a half mil ion dollars. Seventy-five thousand bar- rels were marketed fresh through the American Cranberry Exchange fnd 28.000 to Cranberry Canners, the bulk poing to the Army Pool. Sales Company paid on the basis of S24.00 a barrel, whether the b-rries went through the Exchange or to Canners. Wis-consin nvoduction this year brought the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company to the top of the three state sales companies, bi"^''ght about by the shift in the "balance of pood production" out of the East this year. While this 's a position Wisconsin is extreme- ly unlike'y to hold in the immed- iate future (as such a series of dis- asters as struck Massachusetts this year is not likely to be re- peated soon), production in that si-ate is steadily on the up and up. The next big crop, Goldsworthy points cut, is vei'y apt to be 150,000 barrels or so. Annual winter meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberrv Sales is to be held Tuesday, December 5th in Pcalty hall, Wisconsin Rapids, in the morning, with the election of officers, and in the afternoon the Wisconsin State Cranberry Grow- ers' association wir be in session. This group will also elect officers. One of the highlights of the as- sociation meeting is expected to be a report by H. F. Bain on his work for the past summer with various insecticides, fungicides, and his general observations of the Wis- consin cranberry growing prob- lems. Three new members have recent- ly joined the Sales Company, George Bennett & Son of Tomah, El-van Van Wormer of Babcock, and the Du Bay Cranberry Com- pany of Wisconsin Rapids. fNew Insects — A. H. Bain has pubm.itted a report to the Co-oper- ating Government agencies which supplied experimental DDT and Sabadilla last season that both were tried out against blackhead fireworm at rates and schedules which he thought, if anything, were excessive and neither gave any- where near adequate control. He pointed out, however, that possibly due to a rainy fireworm-conti'ol sea- sen, dusting with Cryolite was like- wise ineffective this season. This was a "real insect year" in Wis- consin, he says, with severa' kinds never before known to do much hErm appearing in damaging num- bers on several marshes. I'rps are compiled the total crop of Sales Company members wil' not have exceeded 80 to 85,000 barrels, so disa-strous was the crop this vear. Blacks were estimated as 55.5 percent of the crop, Howes 39 per cent, and other varieties 5 5 per cent and this was probably about the proportions which were harvested. Sales Company office was that the total Massachusetts crop would not be more than 150,000 barrels and that fina' figures might not reach that insignificant figure in relation to the ordinary Massachu- setts production. At the start of the season Mr. Benson had esti- mated the crop would not go more than 200,000 barrels at the most. UBlacks 55.5%— When final fig- 150,000 Parrels?— jEstimate ^t (Continued oi) Page 18) Fivp DISCUSSION OF NEW JERSEY BOG CONDITIONS by DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN In charge of Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station (Editor^s Note — The following is a paper given at the 75th Annual Convention of the American Cranberry Growers' Association at Pemberton, New Jersey). Your president has suggested that I speak about rejuvenation of bogs because of the possibility that some of the older bogs lacked the virility of youth and could not be expected to reach the same heights of production as formerly. You have run into a combination of circum- stances that I will touch on, as I am convinces that age alone d.oes not take bogs out of production. "While bogs up to 25 years of age with natural plant food from the vi^ild state and with more complete water privileges because of more recent construction may make a better shov/- ing, I feel sure that age alone will not put a bog out of the running. A chief weakness of the Puritan mind was that it was always wanting to tell the other fellow what to do. Many men are that way and find it hard to believe that their neighbors may know nearly as much about their own affairs as they do. I hope I am not like that. I want to say here at the beginning that I know only a little about your prob- lems and that you must depend, on your own research men for gooc and proper advice. I have done my best to take nt^te of conditions here and would like to discuss some of them with vou. Present conditions are reaFy bid and you may be discouraged. They are also bad in Massachu- setts and may get even worse. Drought has greatly reduced water supplies both here and in Massa- chusetts, but after all, the heavens probably haven't given up making rain for our use. We are at war ?ind have difficulties in obtaining insecticides and in handling our crops, but we may be sure that all needed supplies and labor will be rvailab'e after the war. False Blossom Disease You have a special condition hp-'"e in Npw Jersey, the work of the false blossom disease and the n^rblcms that go with it. The N'~w Jersey crop took a serious dr*^^ years a^o as a result of this ''nd has continued to shrink. The l(^?)fhopppr that carries the disease nupt be kept down and can be best controlled with dusts applied with ground dusting machines. I sug- grst that you give the latest makes "^f these machines a good, fair trial. Some of our Cape Cod growers have tried to seo how litt'e dust could be u?ed, but they discovered that conti'ol must be effective first of all. We have found that it pays to use the insect net industriously year after year and that, if the hrppers are onco properly con- trolled they will not be there the next year or even the second year after effective dustings. The hop- pers come gradually and in small Six numbers onto the bogs from the surrounding uplands and a good app'ication (50 lbs. per acre) of good grade pyrethrum or derris dust once in three years will keep them down adequately. This dust- ing is somewhat expensive, but the cost spread over three years is not lar?e and the fi.nal results are very satisfactory. You New Jersey growers have a way of holding water on your bogs late to control hoppers. I have not had an opportunity to check on this practice. It may be more effective here than in Mas- sachusetts. There is another angle to the false blossom problem besides hop- ner control, and that is getting the healthy vines to grow more. Get- ting rid of hoppers does not get rid of false b'ossom. It merely stops th? spread of the disease. The healthy vines must be made to grow and crowd out the diseased ones. Fertilizers can be used to get good vine growth, but I am afraid of fertilizers, especially nitrogen- ous materials. Fungous troubles are increased by fertilizers, espec- ially here in New Jersey, where you have so much trouble with fruit rot. Fertilizers also encour- age weeds. Resanding promotes proper vine growth. You have a labor short- age. This shortage may be trou- blesome whether we have war or no war, but there is no doubt of its being a prob'em. Your recov- ery from false blossom disease may have been slower because of labor shortage and lack of sanding to stimulate vine growth. Late holding of the winter flood with loss of the season's crop may help in diflerent ways. Holding the v/ater on Massachusetts bogs promotes the vine growth. You know more about these benefits in New Jersey than I do. Vine Injury from Scooping Another interesting item is the 5 change from hand picking to rcooping that took place in New Jersey shortly after the first World War, and the feeling that it may have largely reduced production. It is possib'e that scooping dam- age may not be quite so important as it is thought to be and may have sometimes been somewhat confused with loss from false blos- som. Vine rooting is in a shallow surface layer on some bogs which have not been sanded and such vines have weak anchorage against the pull of the scoops. Most of the vines in Massachusetts have been put well down and have a secure anchorage. Some Massa- chusetts growers feel that scoop- ing doss harm the bogs and some large growers do a lot of fertiliz- ing to counteract the injurious effects. This matter of anchorage of the plants is very important. The old origina' hills with their well-devel- oped root systems provide most of the anchorage. The mistake of planting in hills too far apart is more or less lasting. If I were planting a bog in Massachusetts or New Jersey, I would place the hills 6 to 8 inches apart both ways. Wis- consin growers have already learned the value of close planting. Resanding helps a lot to improve the anchorage. Here we drift back again to the fact that more sand is also desirable as a remedy for the false blossom disease. Water Supplies Our planted areas should corres- pond with available water sup- plies. Some growers have areas that could be profitably taken out of production and made into res- ervoirs. It is necessary to learn how to use water supplies to bet- ter advantage. Water is used for frost protec- tion as much as anything. We have made a study of frost pre- dicting and late 'ast year published a bulletin on "Weather in Cran- berry Culture." You may find hints in it that will help you in your management of fiooding. You should read the last paragraph in the discussion of flooding (page 64) with special care. There are important relationships between the dry bulb and wet bulb temper- atures and dew point and the ad- visability of flooding for frost pro- tection. If the local dew point during the day or jn the evening s be'ow 40 degrees and if the dif- erence between the dew point and he wet bulb temperature is great- T than the difference between the Iry and wet bulb temperatures, "■ou have a condition that almost ertainly portends a dangerous rost and flooding should be start- ed early. This rule will cover tiost of your dangerous frosts and ill of your more destructive ones. Bog Weeds Many of your bogs are weedy. ?hey should bear more berries if hey were less weedy. We have ised many different chemical neans of killing weeds and have ound kerosene effective on the videst variety of weeds common 0 our bogs. I be'ieve that you hould pay more attention to its lOssibilities. Fall, spring and sum- ner experiments have been car- ied on with kerosene and we be- ieve that on Cape Cod bogs from which the winter flood has been llrawn about the first of April, the lirst ten days of May is the best lime to use it. The last week in ILpril may be better on your bogs m New Jersey. Many weeds show ip by that time and there is no hance of injuring the winter buds /hich are swelled, but not broken pen then. One grower we saw lay before yesterday reported rouble with kerosene, but there vere other factors in this case ^^hich contributed to the injury. would certainly give kerosene a ;'ood trial if I had a bog here. Bog Management There must be coordination of ,11 matters that bear on produc- ion, but that is a subject in itse'f nd should be more carefully and ully developed and considered than s possible here today. I think hat earlier removal of the winter lood is especially worthy of at- cntion here. Research and Extension I hesitate to go into this subject lecause of the transition period hrough which you are going here n New Jersey. However, I can elate to you some of our experi- ences in Massachusetts in the hope hat you may gather ideas that an be applied here. I have great espect for your research men md have good hopes for their vork. We have a state bog m Massa- husetts where we have made a ew findings and some progress, t seemed that the more progress ve made, the less we could make, everyone wanted to know about ur results. There was just one nan to 'ook after everything, and utside interferences made it im- iossible to keep our research work :oing. Gradually Kelley was de- ■eloped as an extension man. The ounty agents were not in the pic- ture at all. They just didn't know cranberries, but they gradually worked into the picture and were finally very helpful. They helped especialy in the preparation and publication of weed and insect charts. They also organized cran- berry clubs. There are now four such clubs that hold meetings dur- ing the winter months. The Barn- stable County Agent, Mr. Bertram Tomlinson, took special interest, learned about cranberries, and real- ly "went to town", with the result that the outer Cape, where cran- berry growing had been a good deal in the dumps, produced more ci'anberries than it ever had be- fore. I do not believe that we have any such thing as a perfect organ- ization in Massachusetts, but we do have much larger cranberry production than we did in earlier ypars and this without a corres- ponding increase in acreage. This has been accomplished in spite of the work of three very harmful new enemies — the false blossom disease, the gypsy moth, and the production than we had in ear'ier root grub. The last of these has developed severe infestation on very many bogs and has taken a toll of probably 200,000 barrels from the crop of our state annually in recent years. I feel that this is very nearly a disgrace and that organized effort should be brought to bear on it. We may not yet know the final control for this in- sect, but we are getting good re- sults by taking the winter flood off early in April and reflooding about May 12th for a period last- ing until the 15th to 20th of July. Straight late holding of the winter flood does not kill the grubs. It seems that the grubs must become active before they can be affected by the water. With this treatment the crop is, of course, lost for the season, as it is by summer holding of the water here in New Jersey. However, from our experience it seems to be true that the bogs which are held in this way one year out of three will yie'd crops in the remaining two years equal to those of three years where there is no late holding of the water. Some of the larger companies seem to have begun to develop a system of rotation holding of the summer flood to control grubs, but most small growers feel that they cannot take their bogs out of production for this because of limited acreage and capital. Pcme cooperative plan should be developed for taking a"l bogs out of prediction by such summer flcoding whenever this should be done. It was a pleasure to me to visit the breeding plots at Whitesbog and to discuss the work done there by Henry F. Baip and Dr. Berg- man. I was very much interested in some of these seedlings. This work is building for the production of the long future and will find its full fi-uition only after this gen- eration is gone. The research which Mr. Wilcox is conducting so successfully with Fermate was also of special interest to me. This product will probably help you new Jersey growers more than those of any other section by checking rot in your crops. Leadership Outstanding things were accom- plished by such pioneers as Cyrus Cahoon, A. D. Makepeace, Joseph J. White, Judge John Gaynor, and A. U. Chaney, who laid the foun- dations of the cranberry industry. The work of these men is being ably carried forward by our pres- ent leaders, who have held to the ideas and ideals of their predeces- sors and are, at the same time, developing their own plans for the building of a good strong in- dustry. I think much more at- velopment of good leadership tention should be given to the de- among our young men. The American Cranberry Ex- change with its Sa'es Companies is continuing to render a great ser- vice. The processing of cranber- ries has made splendid progress and those directing the coopera- tive, Cranberry Canners, Inc., de- serve great credit for their cour- age and resourcefulness in its de- velopment. It has been a very real help in extending and secur- ing our market. The cooperation of the Sales Companies and Cran- berry Canners with the growers in matters related to the care of their bogs is a very interesting development that is likely to mean much in years to come. We will need every item of influence in the building of our production and the extension of our markets. Organ- ized effort will surely do a lot to- ward this end. We are in a dark time now, but I am hopeful for the future. Urann Re-elected Director Farm Credit Board M. L. Urann has been re-elected director on the Farm Credit Board of Springfield for a three-year term, beginning January first. This was by vote of the cooperative as- sociations of the Springfield dis- trict, and as such a director he will also serve as a director of the Federal Land Bank, the Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, the Pro- duction Credit Corporation, and the Bank for Cooperatives of the Springfield district. He has served as director for the past six years. Seven Fruitings of Cross Breeding Seedlings Evaluation Dr. F. B. Chandler, Assigned to New Jersey to Take Charge of This Important Project — Plants Picked This Fall in Three States A most important and promis- ing advancement for the cranberry industry is now at a stage where some definite progress with tangi- ble resu'ts is being obtained. This is the cranberry cross-breeding project, begun in New Jersey in 1929. From this are being devel- oped the first truly "cultivated" cranberries, in the sense that the varieties will have been brought forth through the controlled ef- forts of man with the parents of these varieties known. All present varieties of cran- berries, as is generally known, are but wild strains, sekcted and pro- pagated or "developed" under more favorable conditions than in the natura^ locations where the wild cranberries grew. This work is now in charge of Dr. F. B. Chandler, who has been assigned to New Jersey by Dr. W. W. Aldrich, of the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Indus- try, Soils and Agricultural Engi- neering, Agricultural Research Ad- ministration, United States De- partment of Agriculture. Dr. Chandler, horticulturist, is at Pem- berton to carry this major work to a conclusion. Seedlings which have been plant- ed in that state, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and at the Washington State cranberry station have borne sufficient fruit for evaluation. This is now being done, with the pro- ject headed up by Dr. Chandler. More Than 2,000 Plants Picked More than 2,000 plants had been picked of their cropping in New Jersey this fall by Dr. Chand- ler, nearly 5,000 of 8,000 planted having fruited in that state alone, with other picking in the other states. This cross-breeding project, be- gun in 1929 when the late Charles S. Beckwith of the New Jersey cranberry sub-station, and Mr. H. Eigrht "^"^i^^i. DR. F. B. CHANDLER F. Bain and Dr. H. F. Bergman of the USD A made crosses in New Jersey and these were planted in Massachusetts and in Wisconsin. The sum of the project was to pro- duce berries having more dssirable horticultural characteristics and to produce new varieties that would be resistant to fa'se blossom (H. F. Bain, CRANBERRIES, March, 1940). Therefore McFarlins and Early Blacks were used as parents for most of these crosses. The first selections of the seed- lings were in 1940, and cuttings from them were set in rod-square plots at the bogs of Theodore H. Budd, Pemberton, and at Whites- bog in New Jersey. Dr. Chand- ler reports that several of these selections appear to be outstand- ing this year, but to complete the tests it will be necessary to wait a few years until the rod-square plots are completely covered with vines. A second p'anting of seedlings was made in 1937, and fruits of many of these were harvested for the first time in 1943. A "Prog- ress Report" by Mr. Bain was pub- lished in CRANBERRIES in June, 1943. A third planting was made in 1940, and a few of these had a crop last year, and many more of these this year. A fourth planting was made in 1942 and will not bear fruit sufficient for study until several years more. In August of this year an esti- mate of the expected yields was obtained and areas study of growth and height of near'y all the plants made. As the fruit ripened it was carefully picked. Check Made This Winter During this winter Dr. Chand- ler wi 1 make various checks and studies of this considerable quan- tity of fruit which was harvested. He will check for color and gloss, for size (standard cup count); he will check for shape and for keep- ing quality of these new varieties. He will also consider false blossom resistance, and pectin and acid content. A most important fea- ture is to check the weight-volume relationship of each new variety. Next year, if time permits, Dr. Chand'er hopes that "cafeteria" tests can be made on all the plants worthy of selection for a planting. Of 17 crosses that have given a relatively large number of high- yielding plants, 16 have McFarlin or Shaw's Success as one of the parents. It is hoped to make approxi- mately 200 selections of the best and these will be planted, and then these 200 best seections cut in half, or less. Then the outstand- ing 100 or less of these will be picked for a second time. These will be tested not only in New Jersey by Dr. Chandlei-, but also in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and probably on the West Coast to see how the different plants adapt themselves to the differences in these varied climates. These 100 or fewer selections wil' be cut down to perhaps ten final choices and then will be pro- pagated further. Possibly these might be given out to various growers in various areas for plant- ing under actual commercial con- ditions. Altogether 10 named varieties have been used as parents in the crosses and more than 10,000 seed- lings have been set in the seedling nursery at Whitesbog, New Jersey. "From these seedlings", Dr. Chand- ler says, "we feel certain that we shall be ab e to select new varieties that are less attractive to the blunt-nose leafhopper than Mc- Farlin and that they will have large yields of berries, better than any of the present varieties." These selected varieties, then, whatever their exact number may be, will be the first true "cultivat- ed" varieties of cranberries which man has made of the native Amer- ican cranberry of commerce. Named varieties at present are but the results of natural crossings which have been propagated, and of none of these are the parents known. The Eary Black, Dr. Chandler says, is perhaps the near- est to a "true variety" which the industry has today. Such new varieties should have similar de- sired qualities which have been bred into other fruits and vege- tables by a scientific program of cross-breeding and development. Small Fruiting in Massachusetts This Fall In Massachusetts Dr. Bergman was only able to get fruit from about 20 plants, as these hybrids suffered the same disasters as af- fected most Massachusetts plant- ings. All these were pants from among the 600 or so at the State Bog and none from the approxi- mately 1200 planted on a bog pro- vided by the A. D. Makepeace Company. Here he was able to find only such scattered fruiting as to make no tests possible. Dr. Bergman said he found several plants which showed con- siderable promise. Chief among these was a Shaw's Success by Aviator, and Shaw's Success by Paradise Meadow, and particularly the latter, he felt. These berries were of good size, good color, and there was indidation of prolific bearing. As he is assigned to work at Be'tsville, Maryland, for the win- ter. Dr. Bergman is continuing his tests of these berries there. In Wisconsin Mr. Bain harvested the berries from 500 seedlings fruiting in the nursery, and this winter will take notes on berry characters. The plant mats, as a rule, are too small as yet to show probable field behavior. With few exceptions they are transferred from New Jersey. Including 500 sot out this summer, there are about 1500 plants now. Very few berries developed on the cross-bred plants in Washing- ton, although Mr. Crowley did pick a few and found those apparently not in any way outstancing. How- ever, this picking was so extreme- ly slight that he must wait until a larger number of the seedlings come into bearing before he can evaluate the work with any proper degree. Dr. Chandler Dr. Chandler was assigned to New Jersey for work on cranber- ries exclusively and expressly for this cross-breeding project. He comes highly trained for the work. He was born in Machias, Maine, attended school there, and entered the University of Maine, being graduated as a horticulturist in 1928. He then served on the U. of M. staff, working on the study of low-bush blueberries from that time until 1943. During that time he did graduate work at Massa- chusetts State College, University of Chicago, University of Minne- sota and the University of Mary- land, where in 1929 he received his Ph. D. He minored in plant breeding and genetics. For ten months he was on the staff at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from June of 1943 until last April, when he was as- signed to the cranberry breeding project. At Pemberton he shares an office at the Cranberry-Blue- berry Laboratory with R. B. Wilcox, USDA pathologist. He is mak- ing his home, with his wife and two small children, on a farm just outside the borough of Pemberton. Canners' Sauce Price Remains Unsettled As this goes to press the OPA ceiling on canned sauce for Cran- berry Canners may not be an- nounced, as Canners is now in negotiation with the Government board concerning this. Canners is endeavoring to obtain a price which will reflect to growers a satisfactory "parity" as compared to tne tiesh truit maximums. Nine Progress Is Rapid In the ''Bandon Area" of Oregon Growers Are Enthusiastic as to Possibil'ties with Both Peat and the Black Muck Soil — General Feeling is that Cran- berries will Benefit All in the Region By CLARENCE J. HALL An area of Coos County, around Coos Bay and extending down into coastal Curry County in Southern Oregon, often referred to as the "Bandon area", is just as high in cranberry enthusiasm as is Grayland, up to the extreme north of the Pacific Coast cranberry-growing region. It is somewhat of a puzzle, however, as to its possibilities as, while grow- ers have planted on the usual peat bottom, they are in the past few years setting out bog in black much soil which has b-=come known as the "Bandon type" Those who have plantings on this say it is wonderful cranberry bottom. In proof they point to some fine crops produced upon it. Some have their bogs on both standard peat and the "Bandon muck" and those who have the peat are also inclined to boast of what the muck will do. Certain it is there is high en- thusiasm in the Bandon region, and certain it is those who live there are proud of this 'ovely area of the beautiful Pacific Northwest. As to the breath-taking scenery of the approach from the north along U. S. Highway 101, over great mountain ranges extending down to the sea, winding along rocky headlands and past coves with sandy beaches there can be no question. The route from the south leads up through the famous Red Woods country of California. Approaching from the east, the highway from Roseburg (which, incidentally, claims to be the tur- key center of the world), follows the winding Coquille river down its valley between mountains, through forests and "umber camps, beside the small and lively stream. Bandon itself is a resort town at the mouth of the Coquille, and with its long cypress hedges, its gleaming white lily beds, and gnarled pines it was known as the most beautiful town in southern Oregon. But that was before the great fire of September 26, 1938, when on a day with the humidity almost zero, the whole country- side was afire and Bandon was about 95 per cent destroyed, with the loss of a number of "ives. This great forest fire, visible at night for more than 100 miles, left this mark of desolation upon Bandon, which has not even now been removed. Bandon has re- built in part its business section — but all that remains of what were many of its finest homes are cel- lar holes. About it are miles up- on miles of blackened tree stumps. Even its waterfront wharves and buildings are gone. But communities can be rebuilt, given the incentive, and cranberry growing may be one of the incen- Ten tives to comp'ete the restoration of Bandon. Bandon was a lum- bering and dairying community before the fire, with cranberry growing then just beginning to bloom into its present expansion. Bandon was first called "The Ferry", then Averill, and finally Lord George Bennett, an Irish peer, settled there and gave it the name of his native town n Ireliand and that was finally adopted as its official name. He imported Irish furze, a thorny bush with pea-like yellow flowers, and it is this Irish fu^ze and Scotch b oom, so common in Oregon and Washington, and so beautiful, that has become a defi- nite weed menace and which, when bone-dry in the summer, adds to the tinder-like fire possibilities. Just this past year a campaign has been organizing to get rid of or at least keep down this gorse which has become such a pest. Area Was Long Isolated This part of Oregon is new. People in their early middle years can remember when the first roads, other than wagon trails, were built in Bandon and the other towns of the region. They can remember riding on horse-drawn stages, as children, and stopping at inns for the night. Rail and hard roads did not get through to Bandon until about the time of the last war. Just back of the hills in the va'leys are living people who have never traveled from their valleys in the hills and living con- ditions among some are often still primitive. There are parts of the forests in this region where no white man has yet put foot. The region as a whole is new and pioneer. But it is a region of modern homes to a far greater extent than the East. Here a man will have a homesite, hewn out of the woods — and build an up-to-the-minute modern home. Some of these modern homes are those of cranberry growers, set back in the woods a considerable distance from the main highways. Coquille (French for smal shell) where is located the Oregon Can- nery of Cranberry Canners, is the country seat, of about half the population, for instance, of Ware- ham, Massachusetts, yet though great logs from the forests roll through the streets on trucks and trailer's it is far more of a "city" than eastern towns comparable in population. Marshfield, with its twin city of North Bend, is the metropolis of the region, and these cities, almost continuous, make up the fifth largest community in Oregon. A North Bend umberman is gener- ally assumed to have been the in- spiration for Peter B. Kyne's fam- ous character, "Cappy Ricks". It was at Empire City (now merely Empire) that Charles Dexter Mc- Farlin set out the first Oregon cranberry bog in about 1885. A hundred years ago the reg- ion was scarcely known and the first cabin of a trapper was built there about 1853. With the com- ing of the first World war there was a heavy demand for spruce and the Southern Pacific Railroad extended its lines to the Coos Bay towns, and then came fine motor roads. The "Bandon soil" is variously described as "black muck", "hu- mus", and sometimes "leaf mold." It is black when wet, but when turned over and exposed to the sun and air it has a definitely grayish cast. It is highly mineral- ized and is presumed to be rich in volcanic ash. Certainly the hills are highly mineralized. There is gold still being mined in Curry County and there are said to prob- ably be deposits which have not yet been developed. Gold Beach, the seat of Cnrry County, was the scene of much placer mining at the mouth of the famed Rogue river. Gold has been found in Coos Coun- ty, but was never brought out with a arge degree of success. Cranberries Close to Coast The cranberry area of southern Oregon, 250 miles to the south of Clatsop County at the mouth of the Columbia, extends for about 60 miles along the coast. The present cranberry area iS from Port Orford (famed for the Port Orford cedar) which is in Curry County to north of Bandon and North Bend. There is a strong belief that this land suit- able for cranberries can be devel- oped in considerable acreage to the, southward in Curry County, even as far south as Gold Beach. These bogs are all comparatively close to the shore, none being more than four mies from the ocean, with most much closer. Back from the coast the temperature is thought to be too warm, and the coastal range is there. There is probably no accurate survey of acreage available, but estimates place the acreage in the general region as 150 or more, with a great deal more due to come in immediately or within a few years. J. A. Stankavich, a leading cranberry man, son of the developer of the Stankavich berry and man- agar of the Cape Blanco bog of the Uranns, has just said there may be as much as 5,000 acres which would be suitable for cran- berry cultivation. He feels there may be even more, as exp' oration is locating more suitable cranberry land to the southward in the Port Orford, New Lake and Florida Lake areas. Number of Growers Increasing There are less than 100 gi'owers in this Southern Oregon region, but the number is increasing and is expected to increase more rap- idly after the war, as service men return and labor and materials be- come available aeain. These grow- ers are divided in marketing be- tween Cranberry Canners and the Coos Cranberry Cooperative, with headqiarters at Bandon, and one or two who sell through neither organization. McFarlins, as all along the coast, are the predominant berry, but there are many p antings of the Stankavich and many like this va- riety developed on the West Coast. Third in extent would be Howes, and there are some plantings of Searls Jumbo, the Wisconsin va- riety. McFai'lins here grow rath- er short vines close to the ground and they are not as criss-crossed, making for picking difficulties, as they are on many eastsrn bogs. Many Sprinklers Here Many of the growers of this area have sprinkler systems and many more will put them in after the war. Here they installed p'i- mari y for irrigation and not with protection against frost, as at Long Beach and Grayland, the principal incentive. They are Rain Birds, Buckners, and a few Thomp- sons. While their principal pur- pose is irrigation, they are some- times used for frost protection, too. There can be and has been frost damage in Southern Oregon, but growers for the most part discount the frost hazard, and if frost comes they feel their bogs can and usually do just "take it", and the loss is written off. Spring frosts are by far the worst; fall frosts are given very little consideration. Winter Flowage Not Necessary Winter flowage is not necessary in the Bandon area, although bogs are sometimes flooded by winter rains. Many bogs have natural winter flowage, and some are cov- ered, not so much to prevent any possibility of winterki 1, but as a means of weed control, chiefly to keep down dandelions, an import- ant weed pest. The area has been generally free from insects, but this problem may be expected to increase. Worst pests in the order named are prob- ably girdler, caddis fly and tip worm. There has been no fruit- worm and no fireworm damage. No dusting has been done at all pnd comparatively little spraying. There are not the elaborate spray rigs for very small acreages as there are at other West Coast areas. Gray and particularly. Cranberries of Good Quality Coos and Curry County cranber- ries are usually of excellent qual- ity and a very considerable portion of the crop is sold on the fresh fruit market, much larger than in any of the other areas. A most important reason why the "Bandon area" may be expected to progress rapidly is because so many there are "cranberry conscious", and en- thusiastic about this comparatively new agricultural development. Area "Cranberry Conscious" This interest in cranberry grow- ing is not confined to the growers themselves, but to others. Meet- ings of business men have been held under the sponsorship of the Bandon Chamber of Commerce and means discussed whereby this interpst cou d be encouraged. It was felt assistance should be held out to those now growing cran- berries and to those who could be- come active. Bandon business houses have closed for an after- noon during picking season to help out with the harvest when clerks and the bosses took a hand. The schools organized a group from among the students and this went from bog to bog as the sea- son went along. A week or so ago the "Western World", a newspaper published at Bandon, had its "lead" story de- voted to this fall's cranberry har- vest and the future of cranberry growing in the region. Editor L. D. Felsheim, who is County .Judge, is not a grower, but very hopefu of Bandon possibi ities. His son- in-law, "Bill" Dufort, now in service, is a grower and builder of bog. It was suggested that cranberry men could also plant some acreage of other berries, as raspberries, loganberries, young- JOE FOSSE Independent is One of Bandon's Best Growers Bandon, like every cranberry area, has its growers who choose to market their crops themselves, and at Bandon one of the very best growers is an independent from either cooperative which oper- ates there. This is "Joe" Fosse, who manages the bog of the West- more Cranberry Company, owned by Mrs. Agnes Leep Rollendit of Portland, Oregon, widow of Dr. R. V. Leep. This is one of the very finest bo^-fiM 'M-mf^^^^- G. T. BEATON Beaton's Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years vere winterkill might do to Massa- ^ chusetts bogs growers hate to con- template. Otherwise, as so many bogs had no production this year, or so little, it is felt the bogs had a good rest, and a great amount of bog improvement was carried on this year as they were not crop- ping, so there should be a reason- ably good production next year. WASHINGTON UStill Picking at Thanksgiving — Ci'anberries were still being picked Thanksgiving week in the Grayland and Peninsula districts, Following rains at the end of Oc- tober and first of November there j were frosts at the Peninsula on | November 14 and 15 and temper- atures went down to 22. Follow- ing that the weather warmed up again. TIGood Crops — D. J. Crowley fin- ished harvesting the state bog November 18th and the yield was at the rate of about 130 barrels to the acre. Probably the top crop in ^■>iis area wi'l be that of Charles Nelson of Nahcotta, who was still '"'kin'? at Thanksgiving time, but "'■qs harvested more than 150 to the acre. Mrs. Edna Sundberg, who i^ operating the Sundberg marsh while her husband is in the Army, ran close to 140 barrels to the acre. TiMany Finished in October — Zlany of the growers at the pe- ninsula had completed by end of October, including Mrs. Sundberg, Curtis Morse, W. W. Morton, Mr. and Mrs. Edward DeJulio and Leonard Morris, all of whom had heavy and clean yields. ^Deer Caused Damage — Deer in- vaded some of the Peninsula bogs this fal, causing some damage. Th^y were so troublesome, in fact, that Huddleston & Cline main- tained lights around their bog to keep them away. UDDT Experiments— DDT was used in some experiments by Mr. Crowley, but only as a spray. At two pounds to the hundred gallons it gave effective control of both fireworm and fruitworm and was also a good control for migratory scale. No injury was noted on the vines or berries during the grow- ing season except where it was used in combination with oil. On the part of the bog sprayed with DDT and oil, which was water- scooped, Mr. Crowley noted a lot of leaves floating on the water. The fruit bud appeared to be perfectly normal, although he says he would not yet feel safe in recommending the spray from his results until there was further trial another sea- son. In mixing the material he Eighteen HEUREUX, HEUREUX NOEL TO ALL Peter A. LeSage PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 merely sifted it into the spray tank when the agitator was run- NEW JERSEY TlWater More Favorable — Water supplies began to look favorable with a November bringing con- siderably more than the avei'age rainfall. There was good rainfall in September, 6.98 inches being totalled during the time of the hurricane, but it fell gradually enough to soak well into the ground and not run off. October was be'ow normal, with 2.87 inch- es, but November brought up the supply very materially. Several growers feel the set of bud this fall ha sbeen unusually good. operate with two three-inch suction hoses. There were also a number of electric pickers with motors from V2 hp. up to 2 hp, and these pickers operate a single hose. When the weather was good and the ma- chines were going they could be heard all over. Some growers also water hosed their berries again this year, that is, blowing them off the vines with water pressure and into a big pick- ing frame. In a few cases growers water scooped, and there was some dry scooping. There was exceptionally fine weather during the whole of Oc- tober up to the 29th, but after that came a rainy spell which brought harvesting to a standstill until it cleared. short of the amount of 100,000 barrels which the Government wanted Canners to furnish. Figures in barrels, dehydrated for this order from the various states, are given as: Massachusetts 22,000, New Jersey 9,000, Wiscon- sin 13,000, West Coast 13,000. The Pacific Coast contributed for dehydration 38 per cent of its crop, Canners figures. A portion of this going to the Army Pool was shipped directly from a West Coast port. Nineteen per cent of the Western dehydrated and canned berries went for civilian pack. A considerable portion of the crop was picked with machines, making these berries undesirable to ship fresh. PICKERS AT GRAYLAND Grayland, Washington, w^as an interesting sight this fall, with a different type of picking going on every roadway. There was still hand picking on a few of the bogs, but most of the harvesting was done with machines, which were of all sorts and descriptions. A majority were powered with 9 hp. air-cooled gasoline engines, and some of the big boxes to re- ceive the berries from the suction hose were gaily painted, red, green, or blue. These machines Army Cranberry Pool Is About 40 Percent Short Cranberry Canners estimates it has received 33 per cent of the national cranberry crop, which it places at a total of 341,000 barrels or 23,000 less than the Government figure. The amount dehydrated under the Cranberry Army Pool in all states is 17 per cent or 58,000 barrels, approximately 40 per cent WAR BONDS MAKE GOOD CHRISTMAS PRESENTS Nineteen May the Bells Ring in a HAPPY HOLIDAY FOR ALL STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY 420 Lexington Ave. New York, N. Y. MERRY CHRISTMAS AND ^■^ JOVFUL ^ UJIiHES With victory in sight, we wish for you and ourselves a peacetime Christmas in 1945. JOHN POWELL & CO., Inc. 114 East 32nd Street New York, N. Y. Best Wishes for CHRISTMAS and a HAPPY 1945 THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY North Weymouth, Mass. As we enter into the fourth year of the war the holi- day spirit of this season comes to the fore as it does to all true Americans. Through stress and sorrow, priorities and shortages, hardships and inconveniences, this spirit prevails. "Peacedale", our pre-war Christmas Greeting, is still fresh in our minds and we wish it were possible to enjoy a similar greeting with you again this year. Because of the war 'Teacedale" must remain a post-war promise, but our spirits and hearts are just as warm and sincere. May we thank God with you, for the progress our boys have made and pray for their speedy and safe return to make our Christmas and New Year complete. Cheer and courage to all of you in this holiday season — our sincerest wish that we may still continue to enjoy the good old American Way of Living. MR. AND MRS. ELLIS D. ATWOOD, South Carver, Mass. ^ **^ *o^ mJsa^iOi ''»^»>>^-^ V MANY THANKS TO OUR LOYAL FRIENDS AND SUPPORTERS, OLD AND NEW. DUR- ING THE PAST SEASON, AND — TO ALL, OUR SINCERE WISHES FOR A MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR IN 1945. BUY BONDS AND KEEP THEM MiN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC BRIDGETON, N. J. Massachusetts Representative BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham, Mass. r ^Thank You 99 Another Christmas! Another year of teamwork in the marketing of our cranberry crop in wartime. To all the growers who have faced the problems together — to all our friends in this cooperative work— sincere thanks . . . and a Merry Christmas CR .NB^wI' EXCHANGE (tbtlNlllNU AIN q)0,UUU,UUU A YtAK IINUUblKY LPE COD EW JERSEY ViSCONSIN OREGON VKASHIN6T0N ISAAC HARRISON of New Jersey anuary, 1945 Call Agricultural Supply Favorable "But Spotty" warns. "If this is done agricul- adequately met, with some substij tural pest control needs should be tuting for a few critical items". Supply prospects for agricul- tural insecticides and fungicides at the year end "continue to be favor- able, but spotty", according to the December issue of the bulletin of the Agricultural Insecticide and Fungicide Association. War pro- gress has not materially altered the situation nor does it seem like- ly to do so in the next three months. Domestic supplies may be increasingly affected by export needs. Manpower for manufacturing is still critically short. Storage space and transportation are subject to definite limits. "It will again be important that distributors, deal- ers and growers lay in reasonab'e stocks of most of the needed ma- terials, other than nicotine, as early as possible to help spread production and distribution over a larger period", A. E. F. News A BRIGHTER 1945 This is the time, the beginning of a new year, to pause and to reafRrm our faith in the symbols of a Liberty-Loving America. This is the time to keep our eyes on the goal of victory — and to keep on the road. This is the time to wish our fellow men a brighter 1945, and to make our prayer that it may come about. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tfl. 1300 Americans All, We Pledge Our United Effort in We Americans here at home owe our fighting Yanks a sincere vow to cooperate to the fullest extent in American efforts to secure a better, fuller way of living for all, through Victory over our enemies, seeking to destroy our type of civilization. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin No better resolutions can we make at the begin- ning- of a new year than to reaffirm the objectives which Cranberry Canners, Inc. set for itself 14 years ago, and to which it is still dedicated. To pi'ovide a profitable market, through processing, for cranberries which because of tencer quality or surplus quantity cannot be sold profitably as raw fruit. To stop growers' losses through shrink- age. To insure the sale of the total crop every year at a profit to the grower. To avoid the losses of large crops or tender crops by widening the mar- ket for cranberries to include all people and all seasons. To produce a ready-to-serve cranberry sauce so high in quality and so low in cost that it is within the purse- strings of every consumer; and by so doing, to insure a max'ket for even the largest cranberry crop at a profit to growers. To discover, through research, ways to turn wastes into profits. To increase the grower's income by de- veloping labor-saving machinery and equipment and more economical methods of operation which process- ing makes possible and which reduce the cost of growing, sorting, and packing. To save the grower money by pooling purchases of supplies and matei'ials universally used on all cranberry bogs. To be alert to the needs of a changing world and to protect the growers' interests by anticipating tx'ends and preparing to meet them so that cran- berries may always be available to consumers in the form in which they want them. To make these advantages available to all cranbei'ry growers through a co- operative owned and operated by growers in which each member shares, according to his patronage, the benefits of the cooperative. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Coquille, Oregon Markham, Wash. Onset, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. Bordentown, N. J. Plymouth, Mass. North Chicago, 111. Gurnee, 111. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTR ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinetfe & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING V^IREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION E. T. Gault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog, construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating' — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Wood County National Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY CRANBERRY CO PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Middleborough Trust Company MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of W^ooden Boxes and Shocks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. C. M, Packard &, Co. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work HUBBARD Fertilizers Insecticides -.jP>BKREGUSR5^jjj ^^/^TILIZEB-^ The Rogers ^ Hubbard Go. Portland, Conn. ESTABLISHED IN 1878 ROBERT LENARI Real Estai%>r Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626 ARIENS?>7/&r THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT N THE WORLD CA PACITIES U IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION WIS Serving Western Cranberry Growers with High Quality Products Rotenone Pyrethrum Sabadilla Nicotine Copper Sprays Oil Sprays Lime Sulphur Solution MILLER PRODUCTS COMPANY Portland 1, Oregon CRANBERRY SCOOPS and SCREENINGS There seems to be something in the air among some of the more active spirits of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association about putting a little more "zing" into the activities of that old and honorable organization. We have heard mention of one or two pos- sible innovations which sound high'y constructive. From Eire comes a subscription to CRANBERRIES. The accom- panying money order is interest- ingly printed in Gaelic. All of us have often read and heard of the "bogs" and peat sod of Ireland, but if there are cranberry bogs and the cultivation of cranberries is going on there it is news. We will see if we can find out more about this. Cartoonist Dahl of the Boston Herald had a sketch recently of a woman with a big knife, slicing a single cranberry, quoting the Han- over (N. H.) Gazette as saying: "A dehydrated sliced cranberry makes one pound of delicious sauce". Dahl added, "If you sice it thin". If this is true our indus- try dehydrators had better investi- gate this particular variety of cranberry a single one of which makes a pound of sauce. Bertram Tomlinson, Barnstable County Agent who is the "papa" of the idea of county cranberry clubs, has received a letter from Mrs. Ethel Kranick of Coos County, Oregon, asking for information (Continued on Page IS) N. E. Cranberry Sales Co. Holds Special Mid-winter Meeting Fine Attendance at Carver Town Hall Dec. 29, To Hear Informal Report On Season. Talk by Quinten Reynolds, To Eat Chicken Pie, and Enjoy Minstrel Show. American Cranberry Exchange sold its entire membership crop for an average of approximately S26.12 and the demand for cran- berries exceeded anything he had anticipated, C. M. Chaney told members of the New England Cranberry Sales Company Dec. 29th at a special meeting at the Carv^er town hall. This session, which was attended by a very good number despite icy roads and a bitterly cold day, had been ca led to give Massachusetts grow- ers a preliminary report before the annual meeting in April, and was also planned as a winter get- together. Called to order at 3.30, Quentin Reynolds, manager of the Eastern States Farmers Exchange and vice president of the National Council for Cooperatives, was the guest speaker, and Mr. Reynolds told cooperative members they must become aware of the current attack upon cooperatives. He designated the American Cran- berry Exchange as one of the old- est and soundest cooperatives in the United States. A fine chicken pie supper served by the Carver Ladies' Aid society followed the afternoon session, and then mem- bers of the company were paced at the mercy of the 'sharp jibes of a group of minstrels. This fea- ture was a surprise, put on by a young people's group of the Cen- tral Congregational church of Middleboro. This group, under the direction of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Whitney, has recently been achiev- ing acclaim for its performances, and if some of their cracks had Chester Cheney, Clyde McGrew, Arthur Ben.son, Sue Pitman, Ellis At wood and others in temporarv confusion everybody else had a laugh. This season's job for the Ex- change had not been a selling job, but rather a job of rationing, Mr. Chaney said, and he had much rather operate the Exchange in its proper function of a sa'es agent than in role of rationing board. Using pro-rating, all customers had been treated equally and fair- ly, he continued, and .said that al- though there had been some bitter Four howls for more cranberries dur- ing the heat of the buying season the Exchange has since received letters from these same customers expressing appreciation for the fairness with which the small crop was dealt out. Without attempting to make a prophecy concerning a ceiling next season, Chaney said he rather thought cranberries would be again sold under OPA prices if the industry has a sma'l or aver- age crop. "A big crop might avoid this", he said, "but again, even this might not. Probabilities of everything now, to my mind, point strongly to the ceiling in 1945." He said that with ceiling- details once put in working oper- ation this year the job next fall should not be as difficult a one. All berries had been sold before the end of November, he said, and while there were yet a few loose ends to tie up, the final se'ling fig- ures would be the approximate fig- ure of $26.12 a barrel, or $6.53 a quarter. It was interesting to note, he said, that ceiling prices established were within three cents a quarter of the figure the Exchange had believed berries should have been opened at last fall. They could have been sold at any price at all, he said, so great was the demand, "but you can de- cide for yourselves whether that wou'd have been a good thing for the industry, or not". Three things had brought about the ceil- ing, he said — the fact that most products were under ceiling, the short crop, and pressure by the Army requirement through War Food Administration. Dividing sales by producing areas, he said, N. E. Co. Sales berries had averaged about $25.80; Wisconsin, $25.95; New Jersey' $26.27; Long Island, 29.19; and Oregon and Washington, $27.64. "We hope you growers will never have such a short crop again " E C. McGrew told the Sales Com- pany members, "and the general public hopes that, too We had an awful problem to retain the good wil' of our customers because you folks did not raise enough cran- berries." He said there was re- markably little real complaint, however, and now that the season was over, the time had gone by to look any longer into the past year, but 1945 was what the grow- ers should become engrossed in. He .said it was now time to think about next year's supplies, about boxes, insecticides, and other needs. "Let's be ready", he said, "we don't want to be caught with 'too little, too late' ". New England Cranberry Sales handled only about 53,000 barrels, A. D. Benson said, with only a possible few scattered returns still not in. This compared to 200,000 in 1943, or a reduction of 78 per cent. The exact figure to that date was 52,926 bari'els. Approx- imately 44,000 were sold on the fresh market and the balance was sent to Cranberry Canners. These figures do not include any of the crops of the A. D. Makepeace Company nor of the United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, he point- ed out, as the entire production of these two big units went entirely into processing. A very unusual proportion of the crop was Ear'y Blacks, approx- imately 33,000 barrels, and these were shipped before November first. Howes made up most of the rest, as "other varieties" were al- most negligible. So bad was the season for Massachusetts growers that 40 of the membership did not pick a single berry. "Wisconsin Cranberry Sales was way out in front this year", he said, "but I don't believe it will happen that way again". He said a bumper crop in Massachusetts next year was impossible, as he did not believe the bogs could recover sufficiently from the abuses the weather had given them this past year, to produce in that way. A litte later, Dr. Franklin, called upon to give his opinion of the outlook, humorously made a flat denial of Mr. Benson's opinion as he said it was not "impossible" for the bogs to produce heavily in 1945. but at the same time neither was he expecting they would. He let his opinion for next year ride with that statement. There was brief discussion as to the 1945 container situation, and it was felt there would be no diffi- culty, two box mills being at work on shipping boxes at the time. Mr. White, in charge of emp'oyment for the Brockton office of the Ply- mouth Extension Service, said he would like to obtain an expi-ession of opinion as to whether the grow- ers were satisfied with the ar- rangement of having imported la- bor stay at the former army camp. Camp Manuel at Plymouth. A voice vote indicated they were. Whether Jamaicans will be the imported labor again or not could not be decided at that time, al- though Ellis D. Atwood, for one, said he very much preferred the Jamaicans to the Kentuckians who were brought up in 1943. Mr. Reynolds of Springfield, Mass., who has become one of the eaders in agricultural cooperative affairs in the nation, read an in- (Continued on Pacre 14) Issue of January, 1945 — Vol. 9, No. 9 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26. 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. U. S. Crop Off 45 Per Cent- Last figures for the year by the USD A Bureau of Agricultural Economics, under date of Dec. 22, give the total United States a 1944 cranberry crop of 376,700 barrels, 45 per cent below last year's production of 680,900 and 40 per cent below the ten-year average of 632,740. It was drastic crop failure in the East, notably in Massachusetts, which tipped the total crop off balance, as Wis- consin and the West Coast both had better than average crops. Massachusetts 160,000 — Massa- chusetts was still placed by N. E. Crop Reporting Service at 160,000 barrels as in the November esti- mate, which was the smalest crop since 1917 when production was but 137,000, the lowest point in 45 years. Reasons assigned for the low production this year were shortage of flooding water in the fall of 1943 which prevented proper flooding, a severe freeze in May, a dry summer, and extensive fruit- worm damage, and the berries were consequently very small in size. Wisconsin Fine — Favorable wea- ther in Wisconsin resulted in a crop of 115,000 barrels, this figure being upped 5,000 from November estimate, which is 13 per cent above last year and 25 per cent above the ten-year average. West Coast Up — Washington harvested 30,000 barrels compared to 24,000 last year, and Oregon got a crop of 12,700, which was 61 per cent above last year's production of 7,900. Jersey — New Jersey's figure stil' remained at 59,000 barrels, as com- pared to 62,000 in 1943 and 96,400 for the ten-year average. MASSACHUSETTS No December Winter-kill — Near- ly all growers felt relieved during December as water supplies rose, making it possib'e to winter-flood bogs. It had been a dry fall and CRANBERRY CLUBS PROGRAM A highly constructive outline program, including winter cran- berry c"ub meetings, has been com- pleted by the Plymouth County (Mass.) Cranberry Committee (sub-committee of the Plymouth County Rural Policy organization). While there are a few angles still tentative, the main outline, with objectives, projects and meeting schedule, is as follows: Objectives: — The Plymouth County Cranberry program this year will stress the necessity of restoring unpi'oductive cranberry bogs to a productive state. It is a'so anticipated that greater assistance will be needed at the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion to achieve this result and full cooperation of the Extension Ser- vice with cranberry growers' or- ganizations to promote an educa- tional program of meetings, dem- onstrations and special projects. Projects to be Emphasized: — 1. Arrange a schedule of educa- tional meetings for Cranberry Clubs and cooperate with the Cape Cod Cranbei-ry Growers' Associa- tion wherever possible. 2. Continue to work in behalf of the cranberry growers for so- lution of the cranberry labor prob- lem. 3. Assist the Cranberry Ex- periment Station in securing ad- ditional personnel and cooperate on demonstration projects. 4. Encourage and promote a forestry products program for the marketing of lumber, box boards, and pulp, and by this means pro- vide full-time employment for cranberry laborers. 5. To develop a program for sending reminder cards in the control of Fruit Worm, Fireworm, Gypsy Moths and Leaf Hoppers. 6. ' To request- the Crop Re porting Service to devise a more accurate means of estimating the cranberry crop. 7. To seek the assistance of the Agricultural Adjustment Admin- istration in establishing a practice for the control of Root Grub. 8. To help promote a joint meeting of Barnstable and Ply- mouth County Cranberry Cubs under sponsorship of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. Demonstrations : Demonstrations to be arranged as brought out through discussion at the Cranberry Club meetings. Methods: Through the use of Cranberry Club meetings at Rochester and Kingston and by the cooperation of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' (Continued on Page 15) there was increasing apprehension of a repetition of the winter-killing which began in December of 1943. There were several heavy storms in late November and a severe storm on the last day of the month. More snow than usual for Decem- ber followed. There were some cold days and nights with the tem- perature only slightly above and even below zero, but that came after water was generaFy avail- able, and for dry bogs there was the snow. Many ponds and reser- voirs came up rapidly, some did not, and the month ended with perhaps 85 to 90 per cent of bogs which are normally winter flowed under cover. A few growers con- tinued to have trouble in getting vines under where the water sources did not come up as quickly as others. There was probably no winter-kill, getting the growers by the period which brought the first of last season's series of disasters. WISCONSIN By early December most of the growers were flooding their bogs. (Continued pn Page 9) Isaac Harrison of New Jersey Is Man of Inventive Genius, As Well As A Leader In Cranberry Affairs He Has Many-Labor-Time Saving Devises On His Extensive South Jersey Properties — Has Been Highly Successful Farmer In Addition to Cranberry Growing — Owns House His Emigrant Ancester Built In 1690. By CLARENCE J. HALL Isaac Harrison, first vice president of the Growers' Cranberry Com- pany of New Jersey, second vice president of the American Cranberry Exchange, former vice president of Cranberry Canners, Inc., and now treasurer, is one of those who feels confident New Jersey cranberry prrowing can make a "come-back". And he is one of the men who can do most to bring this about. He has 'ong been a man of influence in the cranberry affairs of that state and of the whole industry. He is a man who is a really successful farmer, and farming has always been the real backbone of Southern Jersey. He is quick-acting, energetic, and a man of ideas and opinions. With generations of successful farmers behind him from the very beginning of South Jersey settle- ment. Mr. Harrison has made his own mark as one of the leading farmers of the region. The past few years he has been selling off his farms and turning almost his entire energy to cranberry grow- ing. But when he was engaged in farming so extensive'y his farms and crops were among Lhe very fin- est in Jersey. From 1200 acres of his farms around . Crosswicks and Borden town, he produced large crops of potatoes, tomatoes and beans, which were transported to nearby cities in his own trucks, for sale in these markets. In addition to knowing how to fa-m successfully, Mr. Harrison has always been keenly interested in developing labor-saving devices and inventions to assist in growing and preparing of produce for market. It was Mr. Harrison who in 1915 developed and patented the first practical power-operated po tato digger. The original machine was used for many years on his farms. He developed and natented the "float recovery scow", now in use 'a-h Fail on many New Jersey and Mas'^achu.'^etts bogs, to recover this considerable proportion of the crop which was being lost. This is the scow which Cranberry Canners has avai able for the use of Massachu- Six setts growers. It was Mr. Har- rison who developed the idea of a rotary power weed and grass mow- er, a device used not only in New Jersey extensively, but an inven- tion which has met with great fa- vor in the marshes of Wisconsin, where there is often a great deal of tall grass. There such a weed and grass cutter is now almost a "must" for the efficient grower. A visit to the Penn Producing Co. properties at Sim Place in Bur- lington and Ocean counties is a revelation of the extent of his me- chanical genius. Here, almost at every turn is some device, big or i^mall, of his own invention, which is speeding and making better the work. Mr. Harrison has a reser- voir of nervous energy and he is strong for doing things in a "big way" and in an efficient way. He has been a farmer and cran- berry grower since he was a young man, and is a firm believer in pro- ducer cooperatives. He was the president of Cranberry Products Inc., the New Jersey Canning or- ganization, and took a leading part in combining the New Jersey can- ning interests with the New Eng- land canners to form Cranberry Canners Inc. He is the son of Richard Harrison, who was a prominent Jersey grower of his day, and who assisted in forming the American Cranberry Exchange. He operates the properties of the Penn Producing Company, in which he is a large stockholder. The Penn Producing Company, un- der Mr. Harrison, operates about 400 acres of bog in four holdings, the largest of which is that at Sim Place, with other bogs at Howard- ville, Brookville and Cedar Bridge. The crops run btween five and ten thousand barrels a year. One cf First Jersey Bogs Sim place, in all, contains abru* four square miles of property and this was the locale cf rne of the very ear'iest of New Jersey cran- berry bogs, as it was at Sim Place that" Barclay Whits, father of Jos- eph J. White, founder of the great Whitesbog of New Jersey, be -an to grow cranberries in 1851. Sim Place was formerly known as "Syme Place" because an old col- ored man by that name lived there and trapped muskrats for a living. They say he ate the carcasses after the skins were removed — who knows? This is located between Chatsworth and Barnegat, near the edge of the Jersey Plains, these plains where for some reason which no one has yet explained the pines grow only a few feet high, and the land, entirely devoid of ta 1 trees, stretches away like the rolling prairies of the mid-west. Sim Place, however, is wooded. Barclay White there organized his cranberry growing under the name of the Penn Fruit Company and at first was very successful, as there were no insects to haniper production, but later rot came in. Mr. Harrison's grandfather, Isaac, owned shares in this property. Mr. White, not long after estab- lishing the property, went, as an appointee of President Grant, to Omaha to manage Indian affairs on a reservation, retiring from cranberries. In about 1898, Mr. Harrison's father got two or three other grow- ers together and bought control of the company, the name being changed to the Penn Producing Company. Richard Harrison at the time was in partnership with Richard DeCou in a bog at Howard- ville, the place having been named after the maternal grandfather of Mr. Harrison, Miller Howard. When Richard Harrison took over the property consisted of about 60 acres. The four properties which now make up the bogs of the Penn Pro- ducing Company, Sim Place, How- ardvi le, Brookville, and Cedar Bridge, are all in the same general region, toward the southeast ex- tremity of the Jersey cranberry area. They all have full winter flowage and adequate frost protec- tion. Sim Place has natural flow- age from the east branch of Wad- ing river, and there is a stream at Brookville. Both are so well situated they can be cared for by gravity flow. Howardville is at the headwaters of Wading Rivei", and to amplify the supp'y thei'e a deep artesian well has been driven, and this pump is electrically oper- ated from a high tension line. At Cedar Bridge is a Colonial hotel upon which the U. S. Government has issued a Citation. Began Improvements Sim Place, as the headquarters of operations, is where all screen- ing is done, and here is a big ware- house where the packing is done. There is a village of eight or nine houses for permanent bog workers, with the "argest for the Com- pany's water foreman, Theo Hol- loway. The latter's son is also one of Mr. Harrison's best workers. Inheriting his inventive, me- chanical genius from his father. Mr. Harrison had intended to go td college and take up engineerinu for his life work. The elder Mr. Harrison, however, became ill, and asked his son if he cared to take over full charge of the cranberry properties rather than go away, and Mr. Harrison decided to do this. This was in 1903. With his penchant for things mechanical, he began to make many mechanica^ devices and im- provements. As there was no elec- tricity available in that part of New Jersey, the Penn Producing Co. proceeded to build itself a cen- tral power house and to make its own power. They bought the mu- nicipal power plant which had for- merly supplied the village of Browns Mills. Operating on this large scale, they had amp'e elec- tricity to go ahead with electrically operated equipment. When a high tension line was put through this way about 1938 they availed themselves of this source of pow- er, but by putting in their own plant before electricity was pub- licly available in this region they had had the advantages of elec- tricity far in advance of their neighbors. Throughout the warehouse at Sim Place are devices of Harrison's invention which are decided im- provements over many usual- screening facilities. For one thing the trucks from the bogs drive right into the screenhouse and un- load onto a second floor, where the berries are dropped into the hop- pers of six improved Hayden mills, and are conveyed through a well- lighted, large and comfortable sorting room on six belts where, three to a side, 36 women may hand sort. Here, at the end of each belt, is a simple grader which consists of a flap with rubber teeth. This simple yet ingenious device pushes the berries over adjustable grates and down so the packed berries will conform to any desired grade. This makes for the fine, uniform pack with no under-size berries, which he is ab'e to put up. THE HARRISON FLOAT BOAT After being hand-sorted the ber- ries pass on the belt through a room where electric fans blow up- on the fruit. This simple method of drying has been found very sat- isfactory and does not injure the berries or reduce the capacity of the plant. Polished Berries While the berries rolled along on the delivery belt, Mr. Harrison conceived the idea they might be given an added polish and any clinging stems removed by a series of brushes. So along this belt he staggered a series of brushes which clean the berries and give them an exti'a po'ishing, making a much better-looking pack. There is always a considerable quantity of good berries remaining in the discards from the separator, and Mr. Harrison felt this propor- tion need not be as large as it is. So to salvage this sound fruit which finds its way among those which do not bounce and so ordi- narily go onto the waste pile, he built himself a special sorting ma- chine which is a sort of Hayden "separator in reverse", as he calls it. As the discards come from the original separator they do not look as if there was much use in trying to salvage any, but after being put through this "separator in reverse" Mr. Harrison finds that there are a surprising y large number which are sound and thus are saved. There are years, such as this in particular, when berry .'^.aving is of real importance. One of the best known of Mr. Harrison's inventions is the "float boat", an invention which has add- ed materially to the amount of berries from which growers in Massachusetts and New Jersey have been able to net an income. Experience in their use has shown that they average an increase yield in float berries of from 50 to 100 per cent over other methods of re- trieving these formerly wasted berries. In churning the water the boats also free from the bog debris which would otherwise be- come imbedded under the vines. They operate best in about 18 inch- es of water, and on a calm day they may be used in much less. A suc- tion blade at the rear churns the water, causing berries which are caught to rise to the surface and float to the shore where they are scooped up. These "float boats" are very light and simple and will often sa vage berries in a few days valued at ten times the cost of the boat. Made a Shaker-Cleaner For taking care of these wet floats he has devised a simple and efficient cleaning machine which operates on the principle of in- clined belts and shaking screens. As little as one quart of good ber- ries can be satisfactorily removed from a bushel of wet trash, leaves, etc. One of Mr. Harrison's patents which the Penn Producing Co. uses largely is a sand-spreading scow which will applv as ittle as % inch of sand, smoothly and eco- nomically. Invented Weed Cutter Grasses and weeds have ever been one of the major New Jersey problems, and a good many years ago Mr. Harrison decided he should do something about this matter. This was about 1914 and there were as many as twenty dif- Seven ferent kinds of weed cutters work- ing on different principles. After much experimenting he decided upon a revo'ving cutter mounted on a frame, powered by an electric motor and revolving at about 2000 RPM., the power coming by cable from the shore. These blades sliced the grasses into small bits which could later be covered by sanding and so did not lay on top of the vines. He sold several of these machines to Wisconsin grow- ers and as he did not patent this idea, machines built on the same general principles but operated by outboard type gasoline motors, are now used very extensive'y, partic- ularly in Wisconsin, where grasses grow even more luxuriously than in Jersey. The matter of loss in berries by scooping is of major importance to New Jersey, in the opinion of Mr. Harrison. Even with the use of float boats, the harvesting loss is estimated at twenty per cent, it is estimated. Jersey bog conditions are not suitable for scooping, and particularly does the Jersey cus- tom of scooping from a standing position drop the berries and tear up the vines. Jersey bogs are us- ually thickly and deeply vine- matted. Mr. Harrison will admit that Jersey is wel' south to the limit for growing cranberries profitably and that Jersey has many prob- lems to overcome in staging a comeback to its former level of production. Harvesting is at the very top of these problems, he feels. "Give us the right kind of har- vesting machinery and we can grow as good crops as on the Cape", he says. "But before we can do that we must get away from scooping practices as pre- vail at present here in New Jer- sev". Harrison Manor House Mr. Harrison, by his inheritance, should be loyal to New Jersey — as ho is. He and his people before him have been representative of the highest type of agricultural value to his state. His emigrant ancestor, Richard, came to what is now South Jersey from England in 1677. Even today, Mr. Harrison owns the "arge ancestral farm which this ancestor built in 1690 near the village of Chesterfield, not far from Bordcntown and Crosswicks. There are few men, indeed, even in this early-settled portion of Jersey, deep-rooted in American history, nor in New England, rich in tradition, who can make a similar claim. His ancestor Harrison built the manor house in 1690, and though many additions have been put on, the middle part is still the original walls of brick, said to have been bui t of this strong material as protection against possible Indian danger. Now it is a big farm- house set in the midst of beautiful farming land — a building with eight great columns in front, which give it a marked resemblance to Mt. Vei-non. It is occupied by Mr. Harrison's nephew, David Jones. This two-story front porch was put on, according to family tradi- tion, when Mr. Harrison's grand- mother insisted the porch be built up over the second story windows, as she said she wanted no one to be able to climb up on the porch roof and peek in the upstairs win- dows. While Mr. Harrison is a member of the Baptist church, his ances- tors were of the Quaker faith, as were many of the New Jersey cran- berry pioneers. It is this sturdy Quaker stock which has given New Jersey its best farming popula- tion. Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) Everybody had plenty of watsr and even if there had been a shortage it would not have mattered, as there was plenty of snow this year to keep the vines covered, the snow coming with the first of the month. OREGON Bandon Crop in — Unusually fine weather made it possible for near- ly al growers to complete the cranberry harvest before Thanks- giving. A grower from Sand Lake reported that he still had some berries on the vines in De- cember. Four Picking Methods — South- west Oregon had a very fine crop, both in quantity and quality. Four methods of harvesting the berries were used: hand picking, water- raking, dry scooping and machine picking. Cranberry Club — December 10th, the members of Cranberry Can- ners, Inc., met in the City hall in Bandon and decided to organibe themselves into a cranberry club for the purpose of exchanging ideas on growing problems and to set up an educational program to improve on methods of produc- tion; to look out for preventive measures that will keep this sec- tion free from disease if possible. The c'ub is to be open to all grow- ers interested in improved methods of growing cranberries. WASHINGTON Largest Crop Yet — Grayland has finally harvested its 1944 crop and it turned out to be the largest so far, 24,000 barrels. Largest previ- ous was in '42 when a little more than 19,000 wei'e picked. Produc- tion last year was a little less than 17,000. Delayed Harvest — While most growers were through picking by the closing weeks of November a few did not finish until the week ending Dec. 11. The month of Oc- tober had provided perfect weather, but November brought harvesting conditions which were anything but ideal. There were rains and severa" frosts about the middle of the month, but little damage was done to berries still on the vines. HARRISON MANOR Eifht Late Picking, Big Crop — Charles Nelson finished harvesting his bog at Nahcotta on Dec. 15th, some- thing of a record for lateness. He harvested more than 150 barrels to the acre and had no frost in- jury, although it was necessary to use sprinklers several nights. 'Kranberry Acres' Is Unofficial 'Experiment Station' Many Tests Tried On Bog of Mr. and Mrs. Kranick At Bandon, Oregon — Mr., Former Coast Guardsman, Mechanical-minded — Mrs. A Leader in Cranberry Affairs. No grower of Bandon, Oregon, has labored harder nor has the cranberry advancement of South- ern Oregon more at heart than Mrs. Ethe' M. Kranick, who with her husband, Leslie, operates "Kranberry Acres". "Kranberry Acres" has been the scene of many experiments which have lat'^r been appi'oved and adopted by other growers. The Ki-anicks may al- ways be found in the foreground of any nlan which they believe to be for the best general interest. Mrs. Kranick is one of the most active woi'kers of the region. She believes that Crnnberry Canners, Inc. has done and will do a great deal more to further the cranberry P'Osperity of the Bandon area. Therefore she is one of the staunchest and most ardent work- ers for Canners. This last fall the Kranicks bought one of the new Hoyt pick- ing machines, the first to be used in the southern region. This is the picker invented by W. E. Hoyt of the Grays Harbor Equipment Company, Abrdeen, Washington, who built the machine and has ap- pli-^d for a patent. During the pick'ng at "Kranberry Acres", manv of the loca growers visited the Kranicks and watched the ma- chine in ope^aton. The picking machine was used on thin areas and picked from one to two hundred pounds per hour, d pending upon the abundance of the crop. Where berries were ex- ceptionally heavy it picked as high as 300 pounds in an hour. The machine bruised the berries slightly, so the portion of the crop machine-picked was used for can- ning. However, the Kranicks found the Hoyt did pick clean and left the vines in good condition. They are satisfied that it was a wise investment. In addition to the Hoyt machine, the Kranicks used 10 to 15 hand pickers, and they also water- raked about 1,000 boxes and dry- scooped about 500. In Oregon, with its acute war-time labor shortage, it is necessary to use several methods of getting the berries off. This fall "Kranberry Acres" pro- duced 3136 boxes, or averaged 313 boxes per acre. However, one field produced 800 boxes per acre. THE KRANICKS LT. MARTIN KRANICK one field had some frost damage, and one and one-half acres were not in ful production, so the aver- age is hardly a fair figure for the entire area. Next year should see considerable increase in production. "Kranberry Acres" has about ten acres of bog planted and 40 more can be put in. The entire property consists of 440 acres. It is near the seashore, not far be- hind the dunes. Cranberry growing on this prop- erty goes back into the early his- tory of cranbei'ry culture in the Coos County region. Many years ago the late John Langlois con- ceived the idea of a cranberry property there and dug a mile-long drainage ditch to Two Mile creek and drained a 20-acre beaver-dam lak?. However, after spending considerable money he gave up the project, although he later bui t successful bogs. Following this, the property came into the hands of another man who spent a con- siderable sum in further develop- ment, this being about 30 years ago when very little was known about cranberry growing in Oregon. Bennett Jumbo, McFarlins and Prolific varieties were planted and for some years this owner, I. Nord- strom, operated it. Mr. Kranick is a former mem- ber of the U. S. Coast Guard, serv- ing in the capacity of motor ma- chinist. He got the idea of going into cranberries from a fellow coast-guardsman, a relative of one of the pioneer growers in that region. They frequently got to ta king about cranberries and Mr. Kranick gathered it could be a highly profitable and worthwhile enterprise. This was before Mr. and Mrs. Kranick were married. He then owned a tract of 160 acres which adjoined the property which had b?en begun by Langlois. In 1926 Mr. and Mrs. Kranick acquired this property. They later bought 240 acres of adjoining land, and they now control the entire water and drainage area in their partic- ular section. Mr. and Mrs. Kranick were schoolmates in grade school, but Mrs. Kranick continued her educa- tion on to college. She i-eceived her Bachelor of Science degree at Oregon State College, and for sev- era years taught Science and Nine THE HOYT SUCTION PICKER ON KRANICK BOG Home Economics in Oregon High schools. The Kranicks were mar- ried in 1918 while Mr. Kranick was a member of the Coast Guard, and Mrs. Kranick had just finished a term teaching in the North Bend, Oregon, high school. Without very much capital, but with plenty of determination to become suc- cessful ci-anberry growers, Mr. and Mrs. Kranick did a lot of hard work^long hours of weeding, re- planting, and adding small sec- tions of new plantings. Mean- while they turned an old shed which was on the property into a comfortable home. As soon as war conditions permit this building wi 1 be replaced by a new and more modern structure. "Kranberry Acres" from the very start has been something of an unofficial experiment station. Diivcn by necessity, Mr. Kranick invented a sanding scow to keep down sanding costs. He heard about wind machines for frost pro- trction at a time when he was los- ing crops through spring freezes. So he set about making a ma- chine for himself. After some difficulty he had one made that worked and then built tw^o more. The Kranicks find these three ma- chines, strategically located over the bog, raise the temperature of the arra they cover from two to eight degrees. However, if there was a real hard freeze they do not believe they would supply really effective control. They do believe these machines work we'l to the extent of pulling down air from any warm streaks which exist above the bog level, and this warmer air is "mushed" in with the colder air at bog level and they find them very helpful, at least to that extent. Now he com- bines overhead sprinkling with wind machine, depending on condi- tions, and feels that he is making considerable progress in frost con- trol. He boarded in the entire bog at the ditches with groove and tongue boards to prevent weed wash from surrounding land when he flooded. The Kranicks flood in winter. When it came to overhead sprink ers he was first in the Bandon area to in- stall. He proved that this type of sprinkling was effective upon un- even bog as well as level fields. Tha sprinklers they have are Rain Birds, 58 heads, snaced 60 feet apart, with a throwing radius of 90 feet at 40 pounds pressure. The main pipe for the water from the creek is four inch. They have quick-change pipe, with two-inch take-offs. When picking labor became short the Kranicks were early to try wator-rakfng. They now wat- er-rake four sections and. if nec- essary, can do a fifth. They own a Rototiller and have recently pre- pared a thr-^e-quarter acre piece with this. The land was not scalped before being Rototi led. Mr. Kranick, experienced mo- tor machinist in the Coast Guard, has considerable mechanical apti- tude and, of course, it is he who is responsible for the mechanical im- provements at "Kranberry Acres". Mi-s. Kranick is more interested in other phas's of cranberry growing. Possibly influenced by her educa- tional background, she is greatly interested in the broader aspects — in community and cooperative ac- tivities. Mrs. Kranick is an unusually sincere person, at all times willing to devote her time and energy to the limit to whatever she feels wi 1 promots the greatest good for the greatest number. The Kranicks were charter members of the Coos Cranberry Cooperative when it was formed in 1933. She was chosen secretary and remained in this post until she bccama convinced that Cranberry Canners oTered greater promise of developing the Bandon cranberry area. Resigning from the Coos Cooper- ative, she immediately became one of the most loyal workers for Cranberry Canners. Meetings; of Cann'rs' members of the Southern Oregon area are frequently held at the Kranick home, where good old western "pot-luck" picnics are the order of the day. The Kranicks, with their "Kran- berry Acres" are unqu?stionably responsible in no small measure for the brightly-b rning int<^rest in cranberry growing in the Ban- don section. Mr. and Mrs. Kranick have one pride and joy. their on y son, T t. Martin Kianick, a navigator in the Army Air Force, who has com- pleted one grueling year in combat in the European theatre of oper- ations where he was awarded the Air Medal, three oakleaf clusters, and the Distinguished Flying cross. He has returned unharmed and has been assigned to duty as an in- structor in navigation at the Army Air Base in Dyersburg, Tenn. Lt. Kranick has been three times to Berlin and flew over the D-day in- vasion on four flights. It is the hope of the Kranicks that when the war is over this son will take over where they leave oflt. Wisconsin Sales Co. and State Growers' Association Meetings Guy Nash Retires As A Wis- consin Director of Ex- change, Succeeded by Ber- nard Brazeau — Wm. F. Thiele Heads Association. Sales Company Officers and directors of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany were re-e'ected at the annual meetine: at Wisconsin Rapids, Dec. 5th, with the exception of Guy Nash as a director of the American Cranberry Exchange, Mr. Nash having said he felt he could no longer serve. Bernard C. Brazeau was chosen to fill this vacancy, the other Exchange directors re-elect- ed being Guy Potter and A. H. He'ler. Officers re-elected were the ven- erable A. E. Bennett, president; A. H. Hedler, vice president; Guy 0. Babcock. treasurer; Vernon Gnldsworthy. secretary and general manager. These were elected by the directors. A. H. Hedler, Dan Rezin, Oscar Potter. G. O. Bab- cock. C. L. Lewis, Joe Bissig and Mr Bennett. Mr. Nash has long and ably served as director of the Exchange, pnd in with^'rawing* he nominated Brazeaii and re-nominated the other two directors. Sincere ex- pressions of appreciation of Mr. Nash's services were expressed by President Bennett, other directors, and by Arthur D. Benson, genei-a'' manager of New England Cran- berrv Exchange, who was a guest at the meetinq'. Mr. Benson, also a director of the FxcbanTe, joined with the others in testifying that Mr. Nash had performed the most valuable of services to the Ex- change over a long period of yai's. and expressed his regret to iearn of the desire of Mr. Nash to retire from the activities of the directorship. Guy C. Potter, C. L. Lewis and A. H. Hedler were unanimously nominated for directors of Cran- berry Canners. The Sales Com- pany nominates and these nomina- tions are taken up at the June meeting of Canners. The cranber- ry canning committee, inactive the past year, passed out of existence when no new members were named. Neither of the two major pro- jects of the company which had been under discussion for some time, that of a mutual hail insur- ance company to be formed within the Sales Company, and the b;nld- ing of a company freezer, mater- ialized. In regard to the former it was learned that decision must await a survey of the membership to determine how many would join, and if that number is sufficient there would then have to be ob- tained a change in the mutual in- surance company 'aws of the state and permission granted to form such a company. The hail insur- ance committee, headed by F. F. Mengle, was re-named to carry on the investigation. Action on the refrigerator plant was tabled, pending the result of the current survey by Booz, Allen & Hamilton. Annual report of C. M. Chaney was heard with much interest, in view of the trying marketing con- ditions of this fall. Distribution to m-^et demand was a difficult problem, but he quoted letters from both the armed forces and o d civilian customers commending the fairness with which the Ex- change had allocated the crop. Only 155,000 barrels had been available, he said, and about half of these had come from Wiscon- sin members. This amount is I'^ss than that usually furnished by Massachusetts alone, and the crop there, he said, had been only about 150.000 barrels. Mr Benson briefly sketched in the now well-known reasons for the ci'op failure in Massachusetts. He to d how serious this year had b en to the Massachusetts grow- ers, as while their crop had shrunk and about 40 members of the N. E. Sales failed to harvest at all. the high cost of bog main- tenance had gone on just the same. Every effort was being made by the N. E. organization, he said, to help members have a bet- ter year next fall. No actifn was tak n on the pro- posal to simplify the grading sys- tem of Wisconsin cranberries, al- though the discussion indicated a plan would be adopted before the harvest of next year's crop. Association W'lliam F. Thiele of Wisconsin Rapids was elected president of the Wisconsin State Cranberry Grow- ers Association at the afternoon meeting of that body, fo lowing the morninof session of the Wis- consin Cranberry Sales Company on Dec. 5th. Mr. Thiele succeeds Bernard C. Brazeau, who presided at the session. Charles L. Lewis was chosen vice president and Ver- non Goldsworthy secretary-treas- urer. A highlight of this meeting was a talk by Pfc. Robert Prusyn- aki, of the U. S. Marines, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Prusynaki, Biron cranberry growers. Pfc. Prusynaki had just returned from the South Pacific and recounted some of his thrilling experiences. Messrs. Chaney and Benson were again speakers, and H. F. Bain held the attention of the growers at length,speaking from his inves- tigations of the past year. The association as usual closed this day of meetings with a dinner- dance at the Hotel Witter and there was an entertainment of songs, card magic, and human sound effects. In his talk Mr. Bain spoke upon his experiments with "DDT" and Sabadilla. He had given intensive study to the po lination and the blooming and fruiting habits of cranberry plants in Wisconsin. Mr. Bain's paper upon this subject will be published in this magazine shortly. He also placed special emphasis upon new insect infesta- tion which developed this past sea- son. His findings follow: (Continued on Page 14) KRANICK STARTING WIND MACl Eleven United We Stand 19 4 5 We are on the threshold of a New Year, and we are on our way to Victory. Let us resolve that we will not g-ive up now — nor in the slight- est degree slacken our efforts. All together we stand on the threshold of this most momentous of years. United we will make 1945 a year of achievement for the good of all mankind. This is the 32nd of a series of w^ar-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS. Gen. Mgr. Decas Cranberry Company GrowLT.s and Shi' pers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pies. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzard.s Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF JANUARY, 1945 Vol. 9 No. 9 \J ^^^*^^''^'''>^^ MASSACHUSETTS NOT DISCOURAGED CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS PLYMOUTH County growers, always prior to this year away out in front in cranberry production, do not appear to have let the bad, bad 1944 year get them down. At least no indication of defeatism is shown in the ambitious out- line of the cranberry committee of that county. Four meetings for both of the clubs are scheduled for the next four months, with summer twilight meetings as desirable. Barnstable County growers, who took an even worse beating, are equal- ly ready to be up and at 'em in 1945. Particularly pertinent are proposals to promote forestry programs with emphasis upon providing full-time work for cran- berry labor, an excellent project; to work toward obtaining an agronomist to assist Dr. Franklin, a major need at the experi- ment station ; diversification for growers of small acreage, and closer cooperation be- tween the Plymouth and Barnstable Coun- ty clubs and the overall Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. These meet- ing outlines are not plans a discouraged group would make. A NEW YEAR THE blank white pages of 1945 are open- ing for the history of this year to be written upon. It will be a year of mo- mentous decision for the world. By the end of this twelvemonth we should be able to see in sharper focus what kind of a world will emerge from this most terrible of conflicts. Our minds will be dominated by thoughts of what is taking place on the battle fronts and what the world leaders are developing out of the state of affairs mankind has gotten itself into. For those of us at home there is a feel- ing of helplessness. Our individual efforts seem puny in the great chaos. Yet it will be the thoughts and efforts of the many individuals which will mould the course of events. Our loved ones in service, both on the war fronts and behind the lines, have their courses of duty definitely marked out. Our line of endeavor may seem more obscure, although it really is equally plain. It is to do our duty as good citizens, to direct our labors in so far as possible that they may contribute toward victory, Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Lone Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon. Oregfon Ma.^sachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Evneriment Station East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable Countv Aprricultural Agent Barnstable. Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Actiner Chief. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey The contribution of a healthv food for our fighters and war workers will continue to be one of the aims for the cranberry grower in 1945. 1944 brought little but headaches to those of the East, as far as the weather was concerned. All of us may hope 1945 will smile as benevolently upon C»pe Cod and New Jersey as it did uDon W^'sconsin and the Pacific Coast. There will be need for all we can produce. The industry has imposed upon itself a survey, and the report of this study is soon to be received. Cranberry growers are anxious to progress. We are trying to invent a cranberry picker which will more perfectly solve the problem of how to get the crop off than has ever been achieved. Growers are interested in other mechanical betterments. They are interested in de- veloping a better cranberry. To all, our sincere hope that the history which will be written in 1945 will be a brighter recording. ThtrtMp Wisconsin Meetings (Continued from Page 11) Notes on Insects Blackhead fireworm was unus- ually troublesome in Wisconsin in 1944. Ordinary control measures were diligently appied, but in many cases additional reflows or dust applications were found nec- essary and, according to reports, water injury sometimes followed repeated reflowing. A severe outbreak of the spotted fireworm (Cacoecia parallela (Rob.) ) occurred on a marsh in the Spooner area. Small larvae were first noted in vine tips May 25, a few days after removal of the spring reflow. The marsh was dusted with cryolite during the n"xt few days and a large portion of it was reflowed June 7, water being held from 24 to 48 hours. Considerab'e parasitism developed in the maturing and pupating sur- vivors. Dr. H. J. Franklin kindly identified the two most common parasites as Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) and Nemorilla floralis (Fal- len). Summer brood larvae were noted early in August, usually en- tering the sides of berries, causing them to redden in a manner sug- gestive of fruitworm infestation, and later to rot. The larvae grew very slightly during the folowing three weeks, and disappeared com- pletely while still small, early in September. Spanworms were prevalent on two marshes in the Spooner area and one near Wisconsin Rapids. It was estimated that these insects destroyed at least 1000 barrels of berries on the three marshes. No eflfort had been made to control the worms, due to lack of experi- ence with them and ignorance of the tremendous amount of damage they are capable of causing. At 'east three different kinds were noticed, a dark chocolate-brown form, a uniformly bright green one, and a light yellow species with red stripes. Unfortunately none were reared for identification. Some unusual fireworm-type in- sects appeared on marshes near Biron. Through the courtesy of Dr. B. A. Porter of the Federal Bureau of Entomology and Plant yuarantme, the most prevalent species was determined by the Di- vision of Insect Identification to be the fruit-tree leaf roller (Ca- coecia argyrospila (Walk) ), best known as an app'e tree pest. The fact that very young larvae of this insect, .suspended on threads are reported to drift in the wind for considerable distances, may account for the infestations, but it is not knovvn whether it overwinters on cranberry marshes as well. Young arvae are easily mistaken for the blackhead fireworm. Reflowing in- dicated that this insect is rather easily controlled by water. F»art««p N. E. Sales Co. (Continued from Page 4) structive paper upon the current attacks which are being made up- on cooperatives, headed, he said, by the National Tax Equality As- sociation. This group, he said, had seized upon the pi'esent unrest over the tax situation and was us- ing this interest in taxes to at- tempt to force farmer cooperatives to be taxed as such. He said cooperatives needed to meet this attack, as it was a direct assault upon the prosperity of the farmer and, through him, upon the prosperity of the country itself. The National Tax Equality Associ- ation had seized upon the advant- age of the "tax consciousness" of the American public, particularly some business interests, and from them was raising large sums for the fight. It is claimed, he said, that farm- er cooperatives are obtaining an advantage over businesses because a farmer cooperative is tax free. Bona fide farmer cooperatives make no profits, he continued, as does a corporation, but a coopera- tive is merely an efficient and eco- nomical means for selling the far- mer's production, and the farmer himse'f is taxed on these profits when they are returned to him. If the cooperative is taxed the grower would in reality be taxed twice and it would be ruinous. He held no brief for the present sys- tem of twice taxing corporations, once as a corporation and then through the tax on income to those holding the stocks. But, he said, this was no reason for making farmer cooperative members pay double taxes. ,"We as cooperatives, along with some other organizations, must now file tax reports", he said, "but there is a vast difference between filing a report and having to pay a tax. Members of the cooperatives must be alert to this danger and the cooperatives must be alert to see that their members are made interested". The charge that co- operatives are an 'exclusive' or- ganization, enjoying special ad- vantages, are not true", he contin- ued; "they are 'inclusive', and they must operate efficiently enough to be of value to retain their mem- bership. They are not socialistic, but operate democratically within the free enterprise system". Mr. Reynolds said that as the youngest member of the National Council for Cooperatives he had first come in contact with the late A. U. Chaney, and that Mr. Chaney had been held in the highest esteem lor reasons which you all very well know". He said the Ame/- ''L^" Cranberry Exchange was one 01 the oldest and most effective of farmer cooperatives in the country and one of the most respected, and had played an important part in the inception of the Council. Mr. Atwood presided at the meeting in the absence of President Ruel S. Gibbs who, because of a cold, had been advised not to attend the meeting on such a coM day. Miss Sue Pitman was in charge of arrangements for the entertain- ment, the nature of which was kept a secret until it began. A very decided highlight of this minstrel show by the Middleboro young people was an act by Mr. Chand- ler, who gave an imitation of how a boy might play a piano, and he played one adeptly in about every position possible, including lying lazily on the floor under the key- board and standing on his head with his back to the keys. Exchange Praised For Cooperation In Thanksgiving Berries American Cranberry Exchange, E. C. McGrew, assistant manager, has received an unsolicited letter, dated December 1st, from the Army Service Forces, Quartermas- ter Market Center, Boston, thank- ing the Exchange for its coopera- tion in obtaining fresh cranberries, which enabled many service men along the Eastern Seaboard to en- joy their Thanksgiving "in a real American manner". The Exchange cooperated with other Quarter- master Centers through which purchases of fresh cranberries were made for camps in other parts of the country. The letter of Major Wi'liam L. Brown, Officer in Charge, follows: Army Service Forces Quartermaster Market Center Perishable Subsistence Room 625 10 Post Office Square Boston 9, Mass. December 1, 1944 American Cranberry Exchange New York, N. Y. Attention: Mr. McGrew Gentlemen: We wish to take this op- portunity to express our ap- preciation on behalf of the Armed Forces, for whom this ofl!ice makes procurement, for the fine cooperation received from your organization in helping fill our Thanksgiving WANTED More Mathewson picking ma- chines in operating condition which I can remodel and resell. RUSSELL A. TRUFANT North Carver, Mass. requirements of cranberries. This fine cooperation in ob- taining these fresh cranber- ries, which we could not fill through any other channel, has enabled many of our boys at sea, and most of them sta- tioned at camps on the Eastern Seaboard, to enjoy their Thanksgiving dinners in a real American manner. Very truly yours, (Signed) Wi liam L. Brown Major, Q. M. C. Officer in Charge Clubs Program (Continued from Page 5) Association, the Cranberry Ex- P3riment Station, and the market- ing cooperatives, it is anticipated that these objectives can be achieved. The regular meetings of the Cranberry Clubs will be he'd each month during the months of Jan- uary, February, March, and April, on the fourth Tuesday and Thurs- day of each month. Special committee,s have been named to represent the industry in contacting agencies dealing with the cranberry industry and solu- tion of those problems requiring their cooperation. The Extension Service has agreed to make available reminder cards in. the control of Fruit Worm, Fireworm, Leaf Hoppers, Gypsy Moths and any others felt necessary whenever the Experi- ment Station deems it advisable. Plan for Winter Meetings 1st Meetings: Tuesday, Jan. 23, Rochester Thursday, Jan. 25, Kingston Programs: — "The Present Outlets for Massa- chusetts Forestry Products and Cranberry Growers' Opportuni- ties"— Charles Cherry, District Forester. "Winter Care of Our Cranberry Bogs" — Dr. H. J. Franklin, Cran- berry Experiment Station. "Spray and Dust Materials for 1945" — Russell Makepeace. 2d Meeting: Tuesday, Feb. 20, Joint Meeting of Cranberry Clubs and Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association Program: — "Social Security for Farmers" — C. I. Pickett. Organization Direc- tor, Mass. Farm Bureau Federa- tion. Talk by Fred J. Sievers, Director Experiment Station. "The Menace of the Cranberry Root Grub"— Dr. H. J. Franklin. "The Agricultural Outlook for 1945"— George W. Westcott, Agri- cultui'al Economist. (Remainder of program to be ar- ranged). 3rd Meetings: — Tuesday, March 27, Rochester Thursday, March 29, Kingston Program: — "Need for a More Accurate Crop Estimate"— C. H. Stevens, Crop Reporting Service. "New Deve'opments in the Con- ♦■'•ol of Insects and Diseases" — Dr. H. J. Franklin, Cranberry Experi- ment Station. Panel discussion on Fertilizing Bogs and Irrigation, led by J. T. Brown. Members of panel to be chosen shortly. 4th Meetings: — Tuesday, April 24, Rochester Thursday, April 26, Kingston "Diversification for Cranberry Growers with Small Acreage" — W. H. Thies, Fruit Specialist. "Making Frost Predictions" — H. J. Franklin, Cranberry Experiment Station. "Cranberry Labor Prospects" — Frank T. White, Emergency Farm Labor Assistant. "Reminder Card Program for Control of Insects and Diseases" — J. R. Beattie. Summer Meetings: — Twilight meetings at bogs as found necessary. Special projects to be undertaken: Possibi'ity of a flooding pi'actice under the Agricultural Adjustment Administration — C. A. Vose. An Agronomist for Cranberry Growers — Homer Gibbs. Radio Frost Warnings. Circular on getting out logs dur- ing the winter months. The committee consists of Rus- sell Makepeace (chairman), Mar- ion; Elis Atwood, Carver; Melville Beaton, Wareham; Chester A. Vose, Marion; George Short, Island Creek; Raymond Morse, West Wareham; A. D. Benson, Middle- boro; George Crowell, Plymouth; Carl Urann, Wareham; Harrison Goddard, Plymouth; Homer Gibbs, West Wareham; K. G. Garside, Duxbury; Dr. Henry J. Franklin, State Bog, East Wareham. Scoops and Screenings (Continued from Page 3) about organization of such clubs. She writes her group around Ban- don is to organize for the purpose of setting up educational and oth- er progiams which would come within the scope of such a club. A good idea has spi'ead from coast to coast. Some poems by Guy Nash were included in a cranberry broadcast from radio stations WHA in Madi- son and WLBL, Stevens Point, Wis- consin, 10 a. m. , December 15th. This was a Home Demonstration Extension Service program. There is one day between the end of the rabbit season in New Jersey and the beginning of the deer season, and that "happens" to be the day the annual "Blue- berry Open House" is held at Pem- berton. Growers with sprink''er systems at Long Beach, Washington, had a week of heavy frosts this fall be- fore their crops were harvested THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO. MASS. Tel. Midc.leboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee FJfteep MACHINERY FOR 1945 THE QUOTA allowed is the same as for 1944. MATERIALS are reasonably available, both for new machines and for re- pairs. Most of it, however, is long-term delivery. The worst handicap is the labor shortage, which does not look to improve for some months at least. That we may give you the most efficient service in this year to come please place your orders well in advance of needs. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. and had an excellent opportunity to check the value of this protec- tion in the fall as well as in the spring. They found the sprink- lers do protect in the fall as well as for buds and tender growth in the spring. D. J. Crowley of the Long Beach, Washington, Experiment Station planned to make his annua' visit to the Washington State Agricul- tural College at Pullman about January 5th. While there he was to attend the annual Western Spray Conference, this meeting taking in research workers from five states and the USDA. Theodore Koeb'er o^' Warrens raised a cranberry so unusual ir shape he sent it in to Vernon Goldsworthy who sent it on to us here. It is a cranberry (we sniess), but it is shaped like a jelly bean. Charles A. Doehlert, acting chief New Jersey cranberries and blue- berries, attended the annual meet- ing of the Entomologica ISociety at the Hotel New Yorker last month. He renewed old acquaint- ances and made new ones and had in the back of his mind the fact that he has to recommend a man for appointment as his assistant at the Pemberton station. Carleton "Dellie" Hammond, Jr., of Onset, Mass., is trying out an experiment at one of the Smith- Hammond bogs in Carver. This was inspired by last winter's win- terkill. He was supplied with a quantity of "Du-Wax" by the Frost Insecticide company of Arlington and applied it as a test spray to an acre of unflooded bog to see what results this would have on winter- kill. He put this on December 12 as a spray at 50 pounds pressure, 30 gallons to about one-third of the acre, 20 gaHons to a portion and no spray to the remainder, this latter to act as a check plot. In this he was shooting entirely in the dark, experimentally, to see what will happen to the wax-coated vines. Since putting it on snow has cov- ered the bog, preventing any ob- servations so far. Cape Growers Are Given ''A" Awards Efforts of Industry, Despite Handicaps, Recognized by Massachusetts Society for Promotion of Agriculture — Robert Handy and El- nathan E. Eldredge Given Citation — Plymouth Coun- ty Awards To Be An- nounced Soon. Cranberry growers of Barnstable County were considered for recog- nition and awards by the Massa- chusetts Society for the Pfon-.o- tion of Agriculture, selections be- ing made through trustees of the County Aids to Agriculture work- ing with the offices of th'i Exten- sion Services. Similar awards in Plymouth County are un-ier con- sideration and were to be an- nounced as this is printed. Indus- try received credit through the awarding of "Es" and "A" pen- nants and service flags correspond for achievement and effort in agriculture. Cranberry growers in Massachu- setts did not achieve outstanding production, because of firces of nature beyond their control, but the awards were judged upon the standard of what kind of a job was done considering the handi- caps involved and the spirit to car- ry on despite everything, even crop failure. Bertram Tomlinson announces the Cape growers receiving the "A" as being Robert S. Handy ot Cataumet and Elnathan E. El- dredge of South Orleans, the cita- tion reading as follows: "Outstanding recognition is warranted to these men as representatives of other large producers of cranberries, not because of the size of the 1944 ci'op which was the smallest on record, due to unfavorable weather conditions, but be- cause they represent the un- conquerab'e spii'it to carry on despite everything, even crop failure. "Cranberry growers, like most other pi'oducers, have as their objective the production of a maximum crop of high quality. To this end, bogs are flooded, sanded, graded, dusted and weeded. These jobs must be done regardless of the size of the prospective crop. The 1944 crop yield is now a mat- ter of history, but recognition is due to Mr. Eldredge and Mr. Handy and the industry they represent. They and others like them could not supply the cranberries that were needed this fall by the Army or civil- ian consumers, but they cai'- ried on. No more can be asked of anyone." In addition to these "A" pen- nant citations, 83 other growers received service flags for out- standing effort made in minimum production. Besides taking 1944 into consideration, the entire effort made by the growers to produce since Pearl Harbor was included. Cranberry Canners' Ceiling Set at $1.95 Dozen Cans-Upped 5 cts. Expect To Return a Satisfac- tory Price to Growers. Mr. Urann Says — Customers All Supplied on 40 Percent Basis of Last Year's Or- ders. Office of Price Administration has allowed Cranberry Canners a ceiling- price of §1.95 a dozen cans for sauce, M. L. Urann announced on his weekly broadcast December 20th, an increase of five cents a dozen more than OPA had orig- inally set the ceiling for CC. Mr. Urann had protested the §1.90 price and had hoped to get a figure of $2.15 a dozen, which would re- flect a barrel price to growers of S22.38. OPA's answer to Canners was that there were certain formu'as which were to be abided by, but an exception in Canners to the extent of setting the price at $1.95 was granted. While this is not what he asked for, Mr. Urann said in the broadcast he believed Canners' members could be paid a price for their berries which would be sat- isfactory. He referred to large orders for the cranberry-orange marmalade and to satisfactory prices for dehydrated berries. No canned sauce was sold until after the price ceiling had been made by OPA, long after the Thanksgiving market, but Mr. Urann said there would not be the slightest trouble in disposing of the 700,000 cases which had been processed. Now that the berries were on the market, payments would be made and money coming in to Canners so that a second divi- dend, the first having been for $10 upon delivery of cranbenies, would be made short'y after the first of the year, he expected. Demand for canned sauce was tremendous, he said, but all cus- tomers were served on the same basis, that is, each got about 40 per cent of the quantity he had bought last year. Every eff'ort had been made to treat all fairly, he said, as the market good will would be needed after the war. OPA and WPA were both very considerate and helpful in the mat- ter of ceilings, he said. Canners now, he said, is set up to process 400,000 barrels of the 1,000,000 barrel crop when it comes, as come it wil. "Have no fear our expansion has been too large; the day will come when we will need this capacity." December 27th was the conclud- ing weekly broadcast of the series which began in September. In 1945 Md. Urann will be on the air from stations WNBH (New Bed- ford) and WOCB (Cape Cod) once a month, the last Wednesday, until next fall, when the weekly series may be resumed. REVIEW OF 1944 JANUARY Massachusetts growers did not fully realize, but were beginning to suspect they were in for severe winer damage. There had been that extremely cold spell in early December which had worried the growers, and through January bogs remained uncovered everywhere in the area. More bogs were out in that month in Massachusetts than anybody could remember before, and there was practica'ly no pre- cipitation. The month, however, was relatively warm. Three Wisconsin interests en- gaged for five years the services of H. F. Bain, who had been with the USDA as pathologist.. At the January meetings of the Upper and Lower Cape Cod Cran- berry clubs, M. L. Urann first broached the idea of using heli- copters in the cranberry industry — sanding, dusting, spraying, and carting berries from the bogs, with the idea of minimizing damage caused by working on the bog. He admitted this was visionary for the time, but put it forward as a post- war suggestion, worth serious study and trial. Joseph White Darlington was elected president of the American Cranbei-ry Growers' Association at the annual meeting at Camden, N. J., thus placing an "accent on youth". FEBRUARY One of February's big develop- ments was the going to Washing- ton of an insecticide committee representing the cranberry indus- try of the country to plead for its fair share of war-time insecticides, chiefly pyrethrum, and, if possible, rotenone. Several committee meet- ings had previously been held. Russell Makepeace was chairman and Dr. Franklin was there to present the facts of the situation to WFA and the Department of Agriculture. Another major event in Massa- chusetts was a "County-wide Cran- berry Meeting" at Carver, spon- sored by the two Plymouth County clubs, with all growers invited. This gathering was in the after- noon, with talks, a dinner, and continued speaking, and finally dancing. Highlight of the affair was a talk by Lt. Col. Cecil G. Dunn in which he said that Gov- ernment minimum needs for dehy- drated cranberries in 1944 would be for 15,000,000 pounds or 150,000 barrels. C. M. Chaney said he expected there would be a high demand for cranberries in 1944 and it was even then shown by actual orders for twice the amount shipped fresh in 1943. The idea of this meeting was highly success- ful. Reports of winter killing in Mas- sachusetts began to come in, and it was estimated 60 per cent of the vines which would ordinarily be flowed still did not have adequete winter pi'otection. MARCH Those with blueberry interests formed their organization — the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- berry Growers' Association — and elected J. Foxcroft Car'eton of Sandwich, president, and Mrs. Ma- belle Kelley of East Wareham, secretary-treasurer. An inordinate amount of winter- kill in Massachusetts had by now- become obvious. Damage was es- timated from 25 to as high as 50 per cent. Nearly every grower not having proper coverage feared he had some damage to report. March was a cold month, as had been De- cember when the first severe kill- ing was probably done. Some win- terkill was reported from Jersey, but nothing in comparison to the devastation it was evident had been caused in Massachusetts. APRIL Massachusetts cranberry clubs concluded their winter meetings. In the Cape session County Agent Bertram Tom'inson led some es- pecially instructive panel discus- sions. At meetings Dr. Franklin had spoken on the new weather bulletin which had been issued at the end of 1943, and had inter- preted and explained many of the extremely pertinent facts in this invaluable bulletin, particularly with reference to Massachusetts growers making their own frost forecasts. A new insect control chart, the first since 1941, was released in Massachusetts through the county agents. Ferris C. Waite of Can- ners reported for the insecticide out'ook as it was the coming sea- son, and growers were urged to do as much spraying, rather than dusting, as possible, to make ma- terials go farther. C. M. Chaney reported at the annual meeting of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company that "under-production would be a Screataen chief problem" in 1944— and time certainly certainly proved he was not exaggerating. The secretary of Mass. State Emergency Farm Labor Board said agricultural la- bor would be scarcer in 1944, as was indicated everywhere. Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange direct- ors' meeting in New York re- elected officers and voted that the State companies provide their pro- portionate share of the Govern- ment needs for fi'esh and precessed cranberries. The Hanson plant of Cranberry Canners was accorded the War Food Administration's achieve- ment award for "high record of production and cooperation in sup- plying food to the armed forces". MAY The series of crop disasters up- on Massachusetts, a'ready begun by the winter-killing, continued with the most disastrous freeze on the morning of May 19, since the June frost of June 20, 1918. This was a "black frost", and it came early and stayed late. A low of 18 was generally reached, some bogs having lower readings. That was a night not to be forgotten by Massachusetts growers. It was the first time that Dr. Franklin was able to verify that vines act- ually froze above the water of an ordinary frost flow. The cranberry industry was shocked to learn of the sudden death of Charles Stewart Beck- with, chief of the Cranberry and Blueberry Experiment Station at Pemberton, New Jersey, on May 18th, the evening of the freeze. His death was due to a heart at- tack whi e he was studying condi- tions on a Jersey bog in prepara- tion of a frost warning for that night. The minutes of the 75th Annual Convention of the American Cran- berry Growers' Association con- tain'this tribute to Mr. Beckwith, quoted in part: "CHARLES STEWART BECKWITH (May 16, 1891- May 18, 1944) was one of the country's pioneers in cranberry and blueberry research. It was while pei-forming a frost warning service which he of- fered to the cranberry growers of New Jersey that he suc- cumbed to a heart attack. Be- cause of the danger of frost, Mr. Beckwith went to a co- operative grower's bog to take temperature readings, in order to warn growers if flooding the bogs would be advisable that night. He was ever ready to serve the growers, no mat- ter what hour of the day or night he might be called upon. "CHARLES STEWART BECKWITH will be remem- bered by New Jersey cran- berry growers as a thoughtful friend, a keen judge of affairs concerning the cranberry and blueberry industries, and a counselor of particular busi- ness ability. He will be re- membered for many acis oi service, both in his profession as an investigator and as a cooperating member Oj. cur community". Charles A. Doehlert, his accist- ant, was named acting chief by Lr. William ri. Martin, director of the New Jersey Agricultural Experi- ment Station. M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton's Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years JUNE At a rousing meeting at Canners' main plant at Hanson, Mass., the "A" was awarded on June 27th. This was a colorful proceeding, with military and state represen- tation. A. H. Hedler of Wisconsin was master of ceremonies. Can- ners was the first such plant in Massachusetts to be given this honor. The Board of Directors had met, and after considerable discussion voted, and this was con- firmed by the meeting, that a com- mittee consisting of Charles Lewis of Wisconsin, Isaac Harrison of New Jersey, Robert L. Handy of Massachusetts, and M. L. Urann, president ex-officio, chairman, should arrange for and conduct a survey of the affairs of the Cran- berry Canners Cooperative, this to be a thorough analysis of a'l phases of Canners' activities.. Canners' pool was closed at |13 per hundred weight for 1943. Massachusetts crop was then being tentatively estimated at half a crop or about 250 to 275,000 bar- rels. The "black freeze" of May 19th had been followed by a very bad frost on June 4th which had proved particularly serious on the Cape proper. New Jersey had not suffered in the May frost in com- parison with Massachusetts, nor in the June frost, and estimates there were running at 100,000 varrels or a little better. Wisconsin was ha::ing for 115 to 125,000. Growers became interested in the new insecticides, Sabadilla, and the mysterious and much-discussed "DDT". Tests were made during the summer. One hundred and fifty Jamaicans came to Massachusetts to he'p out in the bog work, these being ob- tained mainly through the efforts of Plymouth County Agent J. T. Brown and the New England Cranberry Sales Company, with Ci'anberry Canners co-operating. The men were quartered at a for- mer Army camp at Plymouth. JULY Day after day in July passed without rain in Massachusetts and average temperatures for the month were far above normal, this heat being held to be very harmful to the coming crop. Fruitworm infestation was showing up badly, one of the worst in years. July conditions were not good in New Jersey, either. Massachusetts' guess at its crop was down to 225,000 top to as low as 210,000. On July 8th a second plant oper- ating within the cranberry industry was granted the WFA achievement award "A", the Minot Food Pack- ers, Inc., of Bridgeton, New Jer- sey, and this was presented with appropriate ceremonies. The firm of Booz, Allen & Ham- iton of New York was selected by Eightees n JUST WANT TO STEP IN TO WISH YOU A HAPPY NEW YEAR — PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A, LeSage AND I GUESS THAT COVERS EVERYTHING YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 the special committee of Canners as the business analyst firm to make the survey and report of Canners. AUGUST In Massachusetts the fruitworm kept on "eating his head off", and drought conditions continued with no real abatement. It had become evident that in New Jersey the earlier bright prospects had been blasted by drought, heat, and the girdler. Bertram Tomlinson, Barnstable County Agent, was given the James R. Jewitt award by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University for making the greatest contribu- tion to the advancement of beach- plum culture. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales mem- bers met, and at a meeting of Can- ners Survey Committee with Booz, Allen & Hamilton, it was brought out that a recommendation had come from the Wisconsin State Company that the survey should be extended to include the state companies, and the Exchange. Canners Survey committee voted to invite the Exchange to pai'tic- ipate. Then at the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, Statistician C. D. Stev- ens gave the Govei'nment prelim- inary crop estimate as 230,000 barrels for Massachusetts, Wiscon- sin 117,000, New Jersey 59,000, Washington 29,000, and Oregon 9,800, for a total of 444,800. This more than confirmed the worst fears of eastern growers, and even at that time there was strong opinion that the Massachusetts production had been over-estimat- ed. Dr. Franklin in his address said weather conditions in Massa- chusetts had been "just simply terrible". Canners announced that the Govei-nment would pay a higher price for its dehydrated berries and a preliminary meeting in New York was held before the OPA at Washington on August 24th to con- sider the imposition of ceiling prices upon cranberries for the first time. Five days later, Aug- ust 29th, they met again, and at this time a comprehensive and elaborate brief, setting forth facts about the industry, was formally presented to the Board to aid in arriving at just cei'.ing prices. This was presented in behalf of a committee organized within the industry. It consisted of C. M. Chaney, Exchange; Melville C. Beaton, Beaton Distributing Ag- ency, Wareham; A. D. Benson, manager N. E. Sales, alternate for Ruel S. Gibbs, president; John Burgess (Independent), Plymouth; George Colley, Colley Cranberry Company, Plymouth; Frank Cos- tello. Crane Brook Cranberry Co., South Carver; WilMam Decas, De- cas Bros., Wareham; Carl W. Illig, , Wareham; J. C. Makepeace, A. D. Makepeace Co., Wareham; Ferris C. Waite, Cranberry Canners. No decision was announced by OPA at this time, but the industry read the handwriting on the wall — that a ceiling would be imposed. SEPTEMBER Office of Price Administz'ation issued advance notice on Septem- ber 16th that cranberries, both fresh and processed, would be brought under control with the necessary written order, "soon", and established prices for four periods of marketing, beginning October 9 and the last period be- ginning Nov. 29 to end of season. M. L. Urann began broadcasting weekly on Sept. 20th (Station WNBH, New Bedford) a series of "Behind the Scenes Broadcasts" because of the involved conditions of the marketing season. New England Sales held its reg- ular September meeting in an evening session, bringing out an unusually large attendance for this after-dark gathering. Mr. Benson said he placed the Massachusetts crop as not more than around 180 to 185,000 barrels. Crops were so poor in many instances that Massa- chusetts growers did not harvest at all. Eighty-five additional Ja- maican workers were transferred Niaateen to Massachusetts to help out with the harvesting. Although the crop continued to slide off, it was just as well this he'p came, as many of the "regular" pickers who return each fall failed to do so, apparent- ly scared off by the poor pickings of the lean crop. On September 14th the New England and the Jersey coastal areas got another battering from the weather in the second hurri- cane to strike within a period of six years. Salt waters flooded a few bogs, blew some berries off the vines, and played havoc with the power lines and roads with hun- dreds of fal'en trees. It delayed harvesting and shipping, and caused isolated individual losses to properties. OCTOBER Cranberry ceilings on fresh fruit were established by OPA or- der MPR-426, effective on October 6th, with an amendment which added SI. 40 to the price which had been previously decided upon be- cause of further "crop disaster". To these were to be added distrib- utors and other mark-ups. Ware- ham, Massachusetts, was estab- lished as the basing point and to the Wareham prices freight charges were added to establish equality to the buyer of cranber- ries at any point in the United States. On this theory an in- crease of ten cents was permitted m Wisconsin and 15 cents more on the Pacific Coast. Canned sauce ceiling was not set at that time, but Mr. Urann reported he was in- formed, when announced it would reflect" S21.40 a barrel to the co- operative grower, or approximate parity" with fruit sold fresh. De- hydration for civilian trade was set at S2.60 a pound and the Army order price was raised to $2.50 a pound. USD A crop report in October n^lu^. crop as estimated on October 1 as but .358,000 barrels *°ft*?e country, with Mas.sachu- setts being then p aced at 165,000. With this further Federal Crop reporting recognition of still great- er crop di.saster, the American Cranberry Exchange was repre- sented before OPA in Washington Ifnn^ «tll furthier increase of $1.00 a barrel was granted, effec- Srob:;'30tt ^"'"^ '^^'""^"^ Final determinations of these price ceilings on fresh fruit were rn> A^l\ ";^^"»"m prices for the th^ fo..^^*^' cranberry crop for the 1944 season were: Price Periods: October 6th through 8th October 9th through 27th " October 28th through 29th October .30th through Nov 19th''" November 20 through bal.'of season" Twenty During October it became appar- ent to Canners, as had been feared for some time, that not enough cranberries would be supplied to the Army pool to fill the order 1,000,000 pounds dehydrated or 100,000 barrels, as the Army had ob igingly cut its requirements in view of the crop disaster. A little later it was announced that final figures would show only about 58,000 barrels would have been turned in for this pool, or a short- age of approximately 40 per cent. NOVEMBER In the meantime the survey of Cranberry Canners by Booz, Allen and Hamilton was going forward and had been extended to take in the Exchange and the State Com- panies, the directors at New York having voted the Canners survey be expanded to include these con- currently. This was voted with the understanding that the sur- veying company also make a story of independent growers — in short, a thorough survey of the entire cranberry industry, a survey self- imposed by the industry. DECEMBER As the year ended, many Massa- chusetts growers were doubtful if final figures would even quite come up to the 160,000 barrels credited byUSDA Crop Reporting Seiv'ce, while Wisconsin was looking for- ward to reaching the 159,003 bai-- rel mark in the near future. "Wis- consin was also keeping a weitntr eye on the cranberry survey, those most interested there being deter- mined some results should be ob- tained from the expenditure and effort. West Coast could be con- gratulated upon an extremely src- cessfu season along with Wiscon- sin, and Jersey was laying ground- woik for a comeback. Arfhur S. Curfis American Cranberry Association Annua! Meeting January 27 The annual meeting of the Amer- ican Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation is to be held January 27th at the Hote Walt Whitman. Camden' IN. J. Plans are now in prepara- tion for an instructive meeting for this olde.st of cranberry organiza- tions. The meeting will open at 11 a. m. Arthur S. Curtis, one of the best known Cape growers, a former vice president and secretary of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, in the membership of which he was very active for many years, died December 30. He was 66, death occurring at the Cape Cod hospital. He had been in ill health at his home at Marstons Mills for several years. He had been a cranberry grower since 1913. He was first president of the Upper Cape Cod Cranberry club and held other offices. Funeral services were held Jan- uary 2nd at the Cotuit Federated church. Samuel B. Gibbs Samuel B. Gibbs, charter mem- ber of the New Eng'and Cranberry Sales, one of the oldest and best known cranberry growers iji Mas- sachusetts, died suddenly the after- noon of New Year's day at his home at South Carver. He was 83 last Thanksgiving day, having been born November 27, 1862. When he did not return to the house by about 5.30 after having gone out in the yard, Mrs. Gibbs ^yent out and found him dead, sit- ting m a chair in his carpenter shop. He had not been ill and had attended the special meeting of the New England Cranberry Sales Company on Dec. 29th. ^.He was the father of Ruel S. Gibbs, president of the New Eng- land Cranberry Sales and of the American Cranberry Exchange, and of Homer L. Gibbs, president of the Cape Cod Cranberry Sales Company. Mass. & N. J. $5.85 . 6.00 . 6.25 - 6.40 . 6.55 Wis. $5.95 6.10 6.35 6.50 6.65 Ore. & Wash. $6.10 6.25 6.50 6.65 6.80 The news of the deaths of Mr. Curtis and Mr. Gibbs came into this office too late for further obit- uaries in this issue. Plans For Cape Clubs Incomplete As this goes to press plans for the Barnstable County cranberry club meetings were not available, although County Agent Tomlinson had been ni contact with club committees. He thought it likely It might be decided to continue the abbreviated schedule of last year, with at least one meeting for each club in January and one for each in April, although it was pos- sible the group might decide to carry on a full schedule of meet- ings. i^ Happy New Year — Another Cranberry Season has gone into the record. Growers had their headaches with poor yields and the Processors also had their share of trouble with Canned Sauce prices. And a word of explanation will keep you posted as to the price situation on Canned Cranberry Sauce. O. P. A. worked out a "price formula" for the Canners of Cran- berry Sauce which resulted as follows for the "one pound tin" of Cran- berry Sauce : $ 1.9^ per dozen to a packer 1.87 '/j per dozen to another packer 1.85 per dozen to another packer 1.83 per dozen to aether packer 1.78 per dozen MIN-OT'S price QUALITY was not the basis used for figuring. The price formula simply resolved itself into as to how well you knew the manufacturing of Cranberry Sauce. We, at MIN-OT, have manufactured Cranberry Sauce for over thirty (30) years and we take particular pride in packing a "QUALITY SAUCE" by the most modern method of manufacturing and, as it appears, at a lower cost than other Packers. And for this we have been penalized by receiving the lowest price this season amongst al) the Packers of Cranberry Sauce. The Grower has not suffered, due to our low price of Sauco, as we paid the "high dollar" in conformity with OPA regulations and and all berries were paid for on December 9, 1944. Thanks to all our friends for their loyalty in supplying us with berries during 1944, and here's wishing you all a "Happy New Year", witJi a prayer for an early Peace. MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC. DAN D. CONWAY, Pres. P. S. — No statement of ours is to be interpreted as critical of O. P. A. We need some regulations in these trying days, and those of us who are hard hit must take the bitter with the sweet as a sacrifice on the home front. Eatmor Cranberries CO-OP QUOTES -"Now is the time for farmers to build strong- cooperatives — to give their full sup- port to the marketing agencies they own, control and operate. In the final analysis, the success or failure of cooperatives de- pends largely upon whether or not they re- ceive the active cooperation of the farmers they are set up to serve." : NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative" •RESENTING AN $8,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY Goo nr :ape cod new jersey wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON CHARLES L LEWIS OF WISCONSIN February, 1945 25 cent Plymouth County "A" Awards For Effective Destruction of ROOT GRUB use Distributed in Massachusetts by Cranberry Canners Inc. SOLVAY SALES CORPORATION 45 Milk Street Boston 9, Mass. Four cranberry "A" pennant awards were in- duced among the 25 to be awarded in Plymouth County by the Massachusetts Society for Pro- moting Agriculture. In addition to the pennant each man and his wife received a silver pin, and each worker on the property was accorded a silver button denoting his connection with the food- producing program in agriculture. Presentation was made Tuesday evening, January 30th, at a banquet at the Hotel Monponsett, Halifax. The agriculturists, their wives and guests ma:'e up a large group for the banquet, presen- tation being made by John Ames, a member of the Society which provid.ed the funds for the awards. Louis A. Webster, Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture, made the address of the evening. Selection of those to receive the awards was made after long, careful study in which County Agent J. T. Brown and Associate Agent J. Richard Beattie assistef . The citations to the four cranberry growers were as follows: Ellis D. Atwood, Carver: Mr. Atwood, your 200 acres of cranberry bog, on which you were successful in securing a good crop during the past year, did much to help pro- vide cranberries. By good management, you were able to produce a good crop in a year of extreme hazards. For this achievement, and in recognition of your farm leadership, goo^ citizen- ry, and benevolence to your fellowmen, we are proud to present this "A" Award and accompany- (Continued on Page 19) LINCOLN WAS FAR SIGHTED He saw beyond his years; beyond even his century. He knew the importance and the power of a Free People and a Free Country. Lincoln's faith in his country and its future was unbounded. We must uphold that faith at all costs. We must put our all into the war effort. We must work and buy War Bonds. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin +-. — 4. ORDER INSECTICIDES NOW!! The cranberry industry has been allowed more pyrethrum than last year, but supplies still will be less than the demand. Protect yourself by ordering now. CCFs Insecticide Pool will distribute its al- lotment of pyrethrum to members in propor- tion to their purchases of the past, but inas- much as the supply is short, play safe and place your order now. As in 1944, CCFs Insecticide Pool will be directed by Ferris C. Waite through the Plymouth office CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson. Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass CoquiUe. Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago. 111. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham. Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee. 111. Long Beach. Wash i pya^^yiCTcliKi 3S^!ES333 E. T. Cault ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers Cape & Vineyard Transportation Co. "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Eectric Company Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 Tel. Wareham 648 We are ready to give you Offices: any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel Chatham — bulldozer — trucking — Building Material for Bog, Falmouth stump pulling — excavating Screenhouse and Home Uses — draghauling — canal and Hyannis ditch digging. Vineyard Haven We have Sand, Loam and Gravel Paints - Hardware We Transport Cranberries Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Established 1848 Hall & Cole Wood Incorporated County Marinette, Wisconsin Commission Merchants BOXES, BOX SHOOKS. CRATING and Jobbers Nationa WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 M & M's 64th Year BOSTON, MASS. Bank Wisconsin Rapids, APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Wisconsin Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Car Lot Receivers MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION CRANBERRY CREDIT The COLLEY CORPORATION Nationa Bank of CRANBERRY CO. PLYMOUTH, MASS. Organized to be of DISTRIBUTORS OF Financial Service to Cranberry Growers Wareham Wareham, Mass. Cape Cod Cranberries HANSOiN, MASSACHUSETTS MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT SUITS-US BRAND INSURANCE CORPORATION DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS MASSACHUSETTS The Call PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK WAREHAM 162 S. C. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Plymouth Diesel Bulldozer Massachusetts E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work Contact Us Massachusetts Native NIAGARA SPRAYER White Pine Used for and CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Cranberry Middleport, N. Y. Boxes Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a F. H. COLE full line of dusting machinery. Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. Tel. 46-5 ROBERT LENARI Real Estalv>r Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 6: ARIEMS7/7/&r THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION WIS Serving Western Cranberry Growers with High Quality Products Rotenone Pyrethrum Sabadilla Nicotine Copper Sprays Oil Sprays Lime Sulphur Solution MILLER PRODUCTS COMPANY Portland 1, Oregon RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS Pioneers in Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation Data from Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg. £o. Glendora. Calif. L R. helson Mfg. Lo. Peoria, 111. Oregon — Washington R. M. WADE OREGON CULVERT & PIPE Portland, Oregon CROP-SAVER brand INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES For the Cranberry Grower CROP-SAVER CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc. 2680 West Arthington St. Chicago 12, Illinois Plymouth County Clubs Open Massachusetts Winter Meetings Talks on Hurricane Lumber Salvage, Winter Care of Bogs and Sprav and Dust Material Report are Heard by Good Attendances Despite Bitter Cold Nights and Treacherous Roads "Winter Care of Cranberry Bogs", "Salvag:inp: Hurricane Lum- ber", and reports from the insecti- cide committee as to '45 prospects were the features of opening the Massachusetts Cranberry c'ub meeting in Plymouth County, the Southeastern Massachusetts at Rochester January 23d, and the South Shore at Kingston, Jan. 25th. Despite icy roads and extreme cold — the night of the 25th bringing in the worst cold spell of the year with temperatures w'ell below zero — there was satisfactory attend- ance, particularly at the Rochester gathering. Russell Makepeace reported on insecticides at Rochester, and Fer- ris C. Waite at Kingston (see op- posite page). Joseph L. Kelley, technical as-i sistant at the Massachusetts Ex- periment SStation at East Ware- ham, ably gave an instructive and time'y talk upon the cold weather bog care. He said: Joseph Kelley "I have been asked this evening to tell you something about the winter care of cranberry bogs. "First, if your bogs can be flooded, you want to get the water on before we have an extremely cold spell with high winds, or when the ground remains frozen all day and as soon as it is hard to kick it through with the heel. This depends a great deal on the season, but usually it should be put on about the first of December. The water should not be put on too deep. It is better to leave some of the higher parts out of water and run a chance of winter killing. If the water is too deep and freezes and we have a heavy snow on it there is liable to be a lack of oxy- gen in the water which will have a tendency to hurt the cranberry leaves and flower buds. What we want to do is build up the vitality of the vines so they can stand the winter flood with less injury. Bogs that have had a light crop the year before or bogs that have not been damaged are much more likely to stand the winter flowage with 'ess injury. I think we are likely to forget our bogs in the fall after they are picked and they can get very dry and suffer for Four lack of water before flooding for the winter. "Also sanding on the ice will cause lack of oxygen. "It is a good idea while the win- ter flood is on to cut down and burn the brush and trees around the margin of the bog. This will help greatly in frost protection and wir also help control gypsy moths. At the present time evidence points to having plenty of gypsies again this year. "Six or seven pounds of copper sulfate crystals to the acre, scat- tered over the ice on the bogs be- fore it breaks up in the spring, will help control scum. However, do not use this on bogs that drain into trout streams. "We have found by experience that bogs which cannot be flooded may be much more easily winter- killed if they are raked and sanded in the fall. Therefore, we recom- mend raking and sanding in the spring if the possibilities of winter flowage are doubtful. "The handling of cranberry bogs during the winter months in rela- tion to the supply of oxygen in the water is a new study and from the practical standpoint we need to develop a body of experience in relation to it. This will not be done in a hurry and it is better not to make radical departures from previous practice until such a body of experience is acquired." Charles Cherry Charles Cherry of Kingston, dis- trict forester of Southeastern Massachusetts, gave the growers advice as to how they might dis- pose of fallen hurricane lumber. This, he said, could not only be sold at good prices if 'abor can be obtained for the "harvesting", but fallen timber should be cleaned up before it becomes a fire menace, as the present fallen timber is a very hazardous condition. A three-day survey showed that about 60,000,000 board feet of saw wood not counting cord wood) was down in Southeastern Massachu- setts, which is approximately three times the normal account of cut About 40,000,000 feet is in Ply- mouth, 10,000,000 in Bristol, and 10,000,000 in Barnstable on Cape Cod. He told of efforts which had been made to clean this situation up and how an organization known as the Southeastern Massachusetts Lumberman's Association has been formed for this purpose. He said he hoped every individual owner of woodland, including cranberry growers, would get their land cleaned up and would be able to take advantage of present demand for lumber, and said all the lumber operators in Southeastern Massa- chusetts, about 50, are willing to pay top ceiling price. He said operators wanted this saw wood and they would also take any kind of wood not more than eight inches through the butt nor less than three, cut in four-foot lengths for pulp, when piled along the road- side in 10-cord lots. This pulp wood market, while available now, might not last after April first, he said. He reminded the growers of two aws about wood cutting, one re- quiring a report 30 days in ad- vance for the cutting of more than 40,000 board feet, this to make sure seed trees were left, and the second to report on any cutting of more than 10,000 feet because of slash menace. He said a duty of a district for- ester was to be at the service of the public and he was ready at any time to give information or to as- sist in forestry problems. Rochester Meeting About 75 attended at Grange hall, Rochester, President Raymond Morse conducting the meeting, say- ing he was happy to greet so many growers and that everybody was ready to forget 1944 and to try in 1945 to raise the cranberries they didn't grow in 1944. This was not a supper meeting, but the next one, Tuesday, Feb. 20th, will be. Ches- ter Vose of Marion said, "I like to eat at these meetings", and appar- ently so do others, because a vote was taken to have the next gather- ing begin with a supper. There was some discussion about the desirability of holding meet- ings with an afternoon meeting followed by a supper, rather than an evening meeting with a supper preceding. About half, apparent- ly, favored the change to afternoon session, but the matter hinged up- on whether or not a'l growers would be able to be at daytime gatherings. The matter will be taken up again at the next meet- ing. J. Richard Beattie, associate county agent of Brockton, repre- sented County Extension and asked growers to give thought at their earliest convenience as to whether or not they would want Jamaican labor again last fall. Other groups are desirous of this labor, he said, and if cranberry growers do want an allotment the request must be put in in reasonable season. (Continued on Pa^e 15) Issue of February. 1945 — Vol. 9, No. 10 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March Z, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS ^Winter Favorable — Bogs have passed December and January without winterkill of any general consequence certainly, if there has been any. Water supply for bogs normally flowable has been suffic- ient and the bogs have been safely under, and there has probably been more snow on most dry bogs than usual. By this time last year ex- tensive damage had been done to the bogs uncovered. Ice has made up enough to permit a little ice sanding, but although there have been many cold days, rains or thaws have come a'ong, preventing any long period of sufficient ice. ^Hope for Average Crop — Of course, growers do not know what their prospects are for next year, but in general the feeling is the crop is bound to be better than last year's disastrous production, and Joe Kelley, assistant to Dr. Frank- lin, who keeps pretty close touch with actual bog conditions, says he believes most bogs went into the winter with the vines in fair condition. Many bogs have made excellent recovery from last year's winterkill and the extreme summer drought. Nobody, however, is so far predicting chances of a bumper crop, but possibly about an average one. WISCONSIN UGenerab'e Prospects Favorable — Vernon Goldsworthy, in a bulle- tin to Wisconsin Sales Co. mem- bers at the first of the year, says Wisconsin prospect for next fall should be from 115,000 to 125,000 barrels, as he says vines look good and everyone has a good winter flood on and prospects indicate plenty of water for spring frost. On the off-side he does say Wis- consin has had favorable cranberry weather for the past four or five years and consequently "the law of averages argues against us for 1945." Local labor, he expects, wi 1 be tight or tighter, but more Continued on Paf« 10) SPRAY AND DUST MATERIALS FOR '45 The outlook for spray and dust materials in 1945 appears at least as favorable as last year, as the industry insecticide committee has been to Washington before War Production Board and War Food Administration and has obtained an a'lotment of pyrethrum which is a little more than last year; there is no promise of rotenone and cranberries are not on the list for permissible uses, but there is "faint hope" that a little may be specially granted. Cryolite is plentiful, as are most other mater- ials, although nicotine is tight and fertilizer may not be avaiable in the quantities desired unless growers order and accept their supnly early. The committee going to Wash- ington, headed by E. Clyde Mc- Grew, American Cranberry Ex- change, included Ferris C. Waite of Cranberry Canners, Melville C. Beaton, J. J. Beaton Company; Pussell Makepeace, of Massachu- setts, Theodore H. Budd and Mr. Whiteman, representing P. E. Lirio of New Jersey. Russell Makepeace and Mr. Waite reported results at the January meetings of Plymouth County Cranberry c'ubs. The committee met with John Rodda and Melvin Goldberg of WPB and with Dr. Clyde C. Hamilton and Dr. Rohwer of WFA. The restricted materials were channeled last year through the office of the Exchange, acting as "clearing house", with McGrew di- rectly in charge. Early in De- cember of this year the Exchange was again requested by WFA to use its facilities to assist in the distribution of these materials among the various cranberry pro- ducing areas. The Exchange was glad to provide its services again to see that all areas and growers received fair al'otment of all crit- ical materials, committees within each area looking after the distri- bution among their own growers. At the Washington conference infoimation as to industry require- ments were presented. The cran- berry industry achieved an allot- ment of 66,500 pounds of pyreth- rum, which is about 35 or 40 per cent of normal needs. Makepeace told the growers at the club meet- ings. This will be divided 45,000 pounds for Massachusetts, 10,000 pounds for New Jersey, 3,400 pounds for Wisconsin, West Coast 7.600, and Long Lsland, 500. The division is based upon actual need as is now foreseen in each area. This will be in 1.3 pyrethrum flow- ers or its equivalent, a ^arge quan- tity probably in the form of acti- vated dusts. Makepeace told the growers that great progress is being made in increasing potency of pyrethrum through the activat- ing materials. Although some effort along this line is admittedly. by the manufacturers, still experi- mental and actually untested, there is much promise for the near future in this particular phase. The pyrethrum situation may, de- pending upon the war, improve as the season goes along. Needs of the industry for rote- none were presented, but no prom- ises were made as to any of this very "touchy" material for cran- berries. There is felt a "faint hope" that some may be granted. If favorable verdist is given it would likely be on the basis that the industry has had none for two or three years and the release of some is very badly needed to check fruitworm increase due to this deprivation. Permitted uses of rotenone for commercial crops in- clude blueberries (for blueberry maggot), strawberries, raspberries and other brambles, currants and gooseberries and cherries. None at present is permitted for cran- berries, unless special permission is granted. Regarding nicotine, growers were advised if they wanted a sup- ply to get it as soon as possible, (Continued on Page 18) Five Charles L Lewis of Wisconsin Is A Real Progressive- Persistent Worker for What He Believes In Cranberry Grower Since 1911, Third Vice President of Cranberry Canners, Inc., Director of Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Company, Mr. Lewis Has Been Traveling In- spector for Exchange, Has Wide Knowledge of Industry. By CLARENCE J. HALL Charles L. Lewis of Shell Lake, Wisconsin, is one of the trae pro- ^essives of the cranberry industry. He is a persevering acvocate m his own progressive state for those changes which he feels are desirable. He has well-formed opinions of what might be done to advance cran- berry growing as a whole. He manages two of the more nnportant properties in Wisconsin, has been a grower since 1911, is active m and a director of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, and is third vice president of Cranberry Canners, Inc. Wisconsin's march ahead has been rapid and yet sound m recent years. Mr. Lewis has been among those who have placed the Badger State second in cranberry production. At the same time he has taken an active interest in all cranberry matters beyond his own region. Mr. Lewis is of the type which promotes achievement. Right now he is one of the three Wisconsin growers who have engaged the services of H. F. Bain, formerly of the USFA, to study conditions on their four Wisconsin properties. While this is not a philanthropic enterprise, what new knowledge is obtained by Mr. Bain will be available and of va'ue to all Wis- consin growers. The growers there are pleased to have a man of Mr. Bain's ability in their state to answer qquestions and give ad- vice Mr. Lewis was first attracted by the cranberry industry in 1908 during his sophomore year in the College of Forestry, University of Minnesota. About that time his father, who was Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court, to- gether with his uncle, an engineer of Chicago, acquired a cranberry location near Minong in northern Wi=confin and obtained the ser- vices of O. G. Malde of the Wis- consin Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion at Wisconsin Rapids to super- vise the construction of a 30-acre bog. This influenced the younger Lewis to take a look at cranberry growing and investigate its possi- bilities as a life work. While still an undergraduate he spent the summer of 1908 working at the Wisconsin Station under Mr. Ma d3. Learning that Massachu- setts was the heart of the cran- berry industry, he concluded to fin- ish college and then spend a year on Cape Cod before making his f\v"\ decision on entering the busi- ness of giowing cranberries. Early Influence of Dr. Franklin When he returned to Minnesota University in the fall of 1908, his professor of entomology was none other than Dr. H. J. Franklin, a new faculty member acquired from Amherst College, Mass. Lewis claims that his deficiencies in the course, necessitating overtime in- struction by the "Doctor", was the means by which they learned of their mutual interest in cran- berries. Dr. Frank" in left Minne- sota at the end of the year to as- sume charge of the Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station at East Wareham and when Lewis graduated in June 1910 he went to Massachusetts and asked Dr. Franklin for a job. Dr. Franklin, in his second year at the Station, with a limited budget, said he was not in a po- sition to add to his crew of one man. Lewis was a bit suspicious, however, that his record as a stu- dent of entomology under the "Doctor" had not been much of a recommendation. When asked by Lewis when there would be an opening at the Station, Dr. Frank- lin replied that if Lewis was still in the country the following spring he might find a place for him. That being 10 months distant, Lewis called on S. N. Mayo, fath- c-in-law of Paul Thompson of Middebcro, Mr. Mayo then being one of the influential growers of that time in Massachusetts. Mr. Mayo sent him down to Thompson where he obtained a job and spent the rest of the summer at bog con- struction work at $1.50 per day. In the fall he was transferred to the Atwcod bo? at South Carver, where he worked for the late L. M. Rogers during and after the har- vest. During this time a close friendship developed between Lew- is and Rogers which in later years resulted in Mr. Rogers going to Wisconsin as their State Cran- berry Consultant. When the bog work terminated in November Lewis spent the win- ter working on forestry projects with the American Forestry Com- pany of South Framingham, Mass. In the spring of 1911 he was back on Dr. Franklin's doorstep and was installed as a general flunky at the Station. During the next few months he developed a very high regard for Dr. Franklin, who was very helpfu' in advising him. He also became acquainted with many Massachusetts growers and established friendships which he has maintained these many years. Organized Badger Co. in 1911 In August of that year he re- turned to Wisconsin and organized the Badger Cranberry Company at Beaver Brook. The name Badger was suggested by Dr. Franklin, Wi.'^consin being the Badger state. With no capital himself, he inter- ested his college classmates and a few members of the college fac- ulty and other friends, to join him in the cranberry business. They stuck by him loyally through many years of reverses and hardships, and at this time all the officers of this company are former class- mates at the University of Minne- sota. The Beaver Brook bog near Shell Lake, Wisconsin, comprises 65 acres and is well to the north of the main central cranberry dis- trict of the state. The other property managed by Mr. Lewis is the Midwest Cran- berry Company, which is a prop- erty of 74 acres, about 20 miles from Beaver Brook, near McKen- sy Lake in Burnett County. This bog was started in 1916, but be- came burdened with difficulties in management and bad financing and was sold to satisfy a second mort- ga-?e in 1930. The new owners ar- ranged with Lewis to assume the management and partial owner- ship in 1931. He has been man- ager and treasurer of the company since that time. Mr. Lewis, with Mrs. Lewis, who is the daughter of the late Judge C. C. Haupt of St. Paul, now live in the village of She'l Lake. This is convenient to both Badger and Midwest properties, well to the north of the main cranberry dis- trict. For many years their home had been a house handsomely sit- uated on the Beaver Brook prop- .S>y erty, Lewis following' the fashion of many Wisconsin growers of liv- ing ri3:ht at their marshside. His Sen Becomes 3rd Generation Grower In 1910 the third generation of the Lewis family to become inter- ested in cranberries, Charles H. Lewis, was graduated from Minne- sota in the course of "Technical Agriculture." This course had been selected by "Chuck" to pre- pare himself for joining up with his father in the business of grow- ing cranberries. Chuck had spent his summer vacations working at the Beaver Brook property and was enthusiastic about the opportunities of the cranberry industry. Chuck was married in 1941 and in 1942 the Lewis Seniors gave up their residence at Beaver Brook to their son and daughter-in-"aw and moved to Shell Lake. The Badger Company marsh at Beaver Brook is a very attractive- ly-located property in the rolling country of Northern Wisconsin. The big house there sits on a bluff, with a commanding view over ook- ing the marsh. Here is a total property of 700 acres, but all that can be made into cranberry bog has already been put in. Mr. Lewis had completed 40 acres in 1912 and put in 25 more in 1927-28. The marsh is flowed entirely by gravity from a reservoir of 100 aci'es, made by damming up Bea- ver Brook. A part of the water is pumped back, when needed, as a measure of conservation. Thi' rest is released through good nat- ural drainage. The entire marsli can be flowed in two or three hours for modei'ate protection and in six hours for a heavy freeze. Beaver Brook is planted entirely to that increasingly popular Wis- consin variety, the Searls Jumbo, except for about six acres of Howes brought from the East. Lewis believes the Howe is a great "hot weather berry", and in North- ern Wisconsin will stand more drought than other varieties. How- ever, as a Northern Wisconsin grower himse'f, he does not recom- mend its planting for that section. A concrete warehouse of 40x70. three stories high, and a supple- mentary one-story warehouse 40x100 rise on the property. A section of the supplementary ware- house houses a lathe mill, power saws and planer, used for the manufacture of cranberry crates and various types of building ma- terials. The Beaver Brook property is under the immediate management of a foreman. Jack Livingston, who has been with Lewis many years. Production at Beaver Brook aver- aged 60 barrels to the acre, until recently, when the leaf drop set in Photo (' >urti-sy St. i'aiil (Minn.) Press. Upper — Operating Lewis Cleaner before berries are stacked for drying, Beaver Brook. Lower — Charles L. Lewis with "Chuck" at the surveyor's level. severely. More will be said 'ater about this leaf drop problem in Wisconsin. Details of Midwest The Midwest property at Mc- Kensy Lake totals 600 acres, of which 74 acres are in vines. About 20 more acres of marsh may be put in. When the Midwest was begun in 1916 by the McKensy Lake Cranberry Company it con- sisted of but 20 acres. Midwest has a very fine water supply and is entirely flowed by gravity, and it is necessary to pump back none of the water for re-use here. In fact, there are no pumps of any kind, and so, ob- viously, no pumping problem at all. Entire acreage is planted to Searls. Production To go back into the production record of recent years, Lewis's rec- ords show Midw-est produced 100 barrels to the acre in 1938; in '39 it was 75, and from 1940 through 1944 it has averaged 60 barrels per acre. There is no need to mention that this is good produc- tion and that Midw-est is a fine cranberry marsh. The large warehouse here has capacity for 6,000 barrels, the building being of cement blocks which Lewis had made on the spot. Its size is 48x100, two story. Has Efficient Foreman Foreman at Midwest is Ole Morud. who. with Mrs. Morud and S«ven Wet raking at Beaver Brook. Pioneer Press Photo. family, make.s hi.s home in a very comfortable house on the property. Mr. Morufl has been with Lewis for more than 25 years. Lewis has made a jrood deal of use of Indian help. The Indians not only are harvesters, but are used for year-round bog^ work. At picking time som? of this extra help comes from the Couderay Indian Reserva- tion, some bring their families, and .come "batch it". Originated Drying Sheds Mr. Lewis was the originator of the idea of drying sheds for water raked berries, they having been previously dried on the dikes. Contrary to the general practice in harvesting in Wisconsin, all wat:r raking at Midwest and Badger is done on the per hour basis. All trash gathered with the berries is left in the picking boxes and all boxes trucked to a drying yard adjacent to the warehouse. To facilitate more rapid drying Lewis has developed an incined canvas belt cleaner which removes the vines, grass, and much of the loose leaves gathered in raking. The canvas belt, .3 feet wide, runs at an angle of 45 degrees, picking up the vines and trash which are carried over the top. The belt Eight runs on two rollers, the top drive roller being partly squared, which gives a bouncing motion to the belt as it travels.. By this means the berries are bounced free from the trash and run to the bottom and off the belt into drying crates for stacking in the sheds. Crates are on'y par- tially filled with the wet berries and are stacked 10 high under per- manent roofs in single rows, open to the air and wind on two sides. In good drying weather the berries become dry in one day, but often it may require several days if the weather is not right. Naturally this type of drying requires many thousands of drying crates and hundreds of feet of the narrow dry- ing sheds, but the advantages of water raking, both in reduced cost and in increased production, fully warrant the cost of drying equip- ment. He makes his own drying crates, using a portable saw mill, and logs' from his own property. His dry- ing cratas are six inches deep, and berries are lightly covered over the bottom as they are stacked for drying. It takes berries from four to five crates to make up one fu'l crate of dry berries. Can Pack Car a Day at Each Property He uses Bailey mills, having three at each property, and can turn out better than a car of packed berries a day at each prop- erty. He uses from two to six girls per mill, according to ths con- dition of the beri'ies. Each sorter or sci-eener has her individual waste pocket. Leaf Drop In the spring of 1929, following the withdrawal of the winter flood, a very serious defoliation occurred on the vines at Beaver Brook. The cause was not known, but it was thought to be a form of smother- ing. The trouble recurred to a les- ser degree in occasional years un- til 1941 when a second very serious defoliation took pace, both in the spring and in the fall. The 1941 crop was very small and it became evident that desperate measures must be taken to learn the cause and correct the trouble. Dr. H. F. Bergman, Dr. N. E. Stevens and Mr. Bain were ap- psaled to for help in solving the problem. Through the splendid co-operation of these men it was learned that the defoliation could be due to (a) oxygen deficiency in the flood water, (b) the use of alka ine water in flooding, (c), a fungus, (d) the lack of a minor ele- ment in the soil or possibly a com- bination of the four causes. "Chuck" Lewis was sent east in 1941 to learn the technique of oxy- gen determination from Dr. Berg- man. Sampling and oxygen de- termination equipment was ob- tained at Beaver Brook, and begin- ning in December 1941 and contin- uing to the spring of 1944 a very complete series of oxygen deter- minations were made of all flood water used over the vines winter and spring. It was learned that under certain conditions the oxy- gen could be depleted from the flood water in an unbelievably short period, from a point of sat- uration to practical'y zero within a few days. Dr. Bergman having determined that 3 to 4 parts of oxygen per million for an extended period was dangerous to the pro- per functioning of the vines, the problem was to keep the oxygen above that figure. Two Causes of Leaf Drop Conquered This problem has apparently been solved at Beaver Brook by various means. (1) The winter flood water is carefully and frequently checked for oxygen content from the day of application. As soon as it de- clines to the danger point of 3.5 parts per million all water is drained from under the ice that has formed to date. The ice covering b.v this time may vary from 4 Pioneer Press Photo Part of Beaver Brook Marsh, showing pump house on Beaver Brook dam inches to 10 inches, depending up- on t?ie weather conditions during the period of flooding, 10 inches being regarded as sufficient covei-- ing to protect the vines from the thaws that might occur during the winter months. (2) If insufficient ice has formed to protect the vines over winter, that is "ess than 10 inches, by the time the ice covering is per- mitted to settle on the vines addi- tional fresh water is added from the reservoir to build up the thick- ness of the ice until sufficient ice has formed. If the fresh water from the reservoir is low in oxy- gen at time of application it is aerated by a mechanical breaking up of the wat?r when parsing through the flood gates. Winter flooding is done in severe weather so that generally only one or two applications are necessary to pro vide the necessary 10 inches of ice. By following this program the oxygen content of the winter flood water has been kept above the danger point and leaf drop from this cause has been eliminated. Spring reflows were tested in a similar manner and when found necessary activated water was add- ed to keep up the oxygen content. However, to the disappointment and surprise of al' concerned, leaf drop persisted in the fall of the year and it was preceded by the appearance of black spots on the leaves of the current year's growth, which spots showed up in Septem- ber and early October. The lower leaves of the uprights were aff^ect- ed first, turning a rusty color and dropping within a few days. Dur- ing the falls of 1941, '42 and '43, from 25 to 50 per cent of the kaves dropped from the new up- rights and each year it was termi- nated by cold weathsr, usually about the middle of October. Oxygen deficiency having been e'iminated as a cause, suspicion rested upon the possible effects of using alkaline flood water and up- on the black spots which were judged to be caused by a fungus. In January 1944, when Mr. Bain came to Wisconsin to work on the problems of H dler, Nash and Lew- is, the problem of leaf drop at Bsaver Brook was termed "Enemy No. 1" by Lewis and was thrown into Bain's lap. Mr. Bain laid out a large number of experimental plots at Beaver Brook and durmg the 1944 growing season he applied a number of experimental treat- ments, some using applications of minor elements, others with Fer- mate and Bordeaux sprays, applied at two week intervals. Although the 1944 crop at Bea- ver Brook was fair, about 50 per cent of normal, and in spite of the healthy appearance of the vines during the 1944 season, black spots began showing up on the 1944 leaves about September 1st and this became rather general over the bog by mid-October and was fol- lowed by leaf drop. But a close examination of the experimental plots showed very clearly that the only plots free of spotting and free of defoliation were the plots sprayed with Fermate and Bor- deaux. As a result of these experiments it has been decided to use a Bor- deaux spray during 1945 over the entire property with the hope that fall defoliation will cease at Bea- ver Brook. It is, of cour.se, too early to confirm results, as other factors may be involved, but Mr. Lewis at least feels confident that they have conquered two forms of leaf drop, the form caused by oxygen deficiency and the type which may have been caused by a fungus. Mr. Lewis takes a great deal of interest in the careful personal management of both his marshes, even though he has efficient fore- men, and is very much fascinated by the mechanical end of the busi- ness. It was he who introduced Isaac Harrison's grass cutter to Wisconsin, changing management methods considerably. He has been greatly interested in the cul- tural side. He planned to use bees in large numbers experimentally this past season, but was unable to obtain them. He has now con- tracted for bees in 1945. Keenly Interested in General Cran- berry AflFairs Mr. Lewis takes a real interest in these "scientific" phases of cran- berry growing, as well as good bog management. At the same time he is keenly aware of the necessity for a grower to keep alert to the maintainance of effective market- ing of the crop after it is produced. He is interested in the "politics" of having a progressive industry. He gives much thought to the fact that the cranberry men, as well as making themselves firm in production, must be equally effec- Nin* tive at marketing. He does not fear change if he is convinced changes are for the better. When he is certain conditions are not at a smooth-working best his deter- mination keeps him plugging along on a progressive plan. A year ago (January, 1944V Mr. Lewis wrote an artic'e for CRAN- BERRIES which was a plea and a proposal for more "Orderly Mar- keting". He pointed out that un- der present conditions, aggravated by the war, with demand exceeding supply, there is needless "compe- tition" among the growers them- selves in deciding between fresh and processed marketing. After the war, he said, supply might ex- ceed demand, and it is now time to forget "inconsequential bickerings", non-constructive criticism, and to analyze basic facts. He Urges "Orderly Marketing" "The basic problem", he said, "is to determine each year the po- tential demand of the' fresh and processed markets and to supply those markets in such manner that will resu't in the largest average return to the growers". He does not fear criticism when in his opinion criticism may result in improvement, and he does not feel that the present set-ups of the two cooperatives are working for the greatest efficiency, and, al- though an officer of Cranberry Can- ners, he pointed out what he con- sidered weaknesses in its opera- tions. However, he is a staunch believer in cooperatives and is con- vinced that cooperation is the best means to success for the cranberry growers. He does feel it is "silly" that the two coonerativrs should even be considered to be in "com- petition", and said "our two coop- eratives should be so sound, so ef- ficiently and honestlv operated that every grower of cranberries would b-- proud and happy to be a member." Lewis a IVodder for Improvement He has been a prodd^r for cer- tain improvements within Cran- berry Canners, and when the de- cision to hold an impartial survey came he was deighted, and feels that if the current survey is what It should be it will be one of the greatest steps forward the industry has taken in recent years He al- so advocated the extension of this survey to the American Cranberry Exchange and, if possib e, to in- clude independents. Was Exchange Inspector Lewis was traveling inspector for the Exchange for a number of years ending in 1929, and that gave him a broad, detailed vision of the industry, and he says this was one of the most valuable ex- periences he ever had. Ten He makes frequent trips to the East, and last March was one of the four Wisconsin men (the oth- ers being Vernon Goldsworthy, A, H. Hedler and Roy Potter), who took a trip to the cranberry-grow- ing areas of the West Coast for a look around to broaden their know- ledge of the cranberry picture as it ha'; extended to that region. It was the third trip he had made to the Pacific Northwest. Mr. Lewis is one who has always been wiling to give generously of his time and energy to advance cranberry matters in general. He is a foi'mer president of the Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers' Association, 1922-25. He has al- ways been active in its affairs, as well as taking a consistent in- terest in the councils of the Sales Company. He was one of the in- stigators of the coming of Cran- berry Canners to Wisconsin, and backed his faith in canning through this cooperative by being the first Wisconsin grower to purchase stock. He maintains a business office at Shell Lake village. He is a di- rector of the Shell Lake State Bank. For recreation Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have a summer home on beautiful Shell Lake, which they have open from June unti' Sep- tember. This is a log cabin, with a great fireplace of "pink" native pipe stone (the stone Indians used for making their pipes). It is a handsomely appointed lodge, in a fashion purposely kept simple and camp-like. There is good fishing in the lake, and in front of the camp are dock and boathouse. They call their Shell Lake retreat "Ba- Wa-Chi-Ge", which in Chippewa means "Our Dream." Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) labor from prisoners of war, Ba- haman, Jamaican and Mexican sources may be available. HMore Fireworm? — Prospects, he feels, are for worse fii'eworm infes- tation than last year, and the black- head was unusually troublesome then. He points out the pest can be controlled by flooding, spraying and by dusting. WASHINGTON Einar Waara, cranberry assist- ant to Grays Harbor County Agent, has checked a few of the higher yields at Grayland, as follows: John Lindgren harvested 472 quar- ters from a piece of bog 17,176 feet square; Emil Hegre got about 2000 quarters from 21/2 acres; Mrs. Kan- gas got 850 quarters from IM acres; Hugo Taacch, 1100 quarters from two acres; and Wi Ham Bjon 2400 quarters from five acres. OREGON ll"Rush" for Cranberry Land — ity in the Bandon area, but there is reported great interest in the acquiring of possible cranberry land. Experienced growers hope this "rush" for "and will not re- sult in unsuitable land being bought by the inexperienced and thus cause the booming industry to be given a set-back. UWeather "Balmy"— While bit- ter cold was prevailing in New England, Southern Oregon in mid- January was reporting beautiful weather, "warm and balmy, flow- ers beginning to bloom, and the highways lined with flowering wil- low." There was a deficiency of rain, which it was hoped would be corrected before frost season. 75th Annual Meeting of N. J. Association That New Jersey bogs may be suff'ering from a lack of oxygen in flooding waters, as one cause for Jersev's dec'ining crops, was brought out in the address of Jos- eph W. Darlington, retiring presi- dent of the American C^'anberry Growers' Association, at the Walt Whitman Hotel, Camden. N. J., January 27th. He said that Dr. Bergman's observances on Jersey bogs had led him to this conclu- sion, as he had no trouble in find- ing vine injury due to this cause on every bog he visited. Mr. Darlington was succeeded by Joseph H. Palmer of New Gretna as president; first vice president chosen was Francis Sharpless; sec- ond vice president, F. Earl Haines, and secretary-treasurer, Charles A, Doehlert. R. B. Wilcox presented figures comparing 1944 rot control with Bordeaux and several new organic fungicides, and he said the new fungicide Fermate again proved siiperior. Mr. Doehlert gave the station report. Dr. F. B. Chand er had on display fruit from three im- portant crosses, including a total of 35 of the new varieties, pre- served in formaldehyde. Prof. J. H. Clark made a report, and E. C. McGrew spoke on ceiling prices. C. M. Chaney was not present be- cause of illness. D. O. Bosterdisl* cussed reports received from gtoyv- ers which indicate 1944 deer dani' age probably reduced the state ci"Op between four and ten per cent. Quentin Reynolds' Talk Before New England Cranberry Sales Co. Carver, Mass., December 29th Following- is the text of the manag'er of the Eastern States Farmers Exchange of Sprinefield and vice president of the National Counci' for Cooperatives, upon one of the vital concerns of all cooper- atives today: You are gathered here t'^dav in a special meetiner of one of the old- est and most eflfpctive farmer co- onerative associations in America. It is a real privilege to be invited to discuss problems of farmer co- operatives with you and in this at- mosphere. Some of these problems involve the development of effectiveness in farmer cooperation. These you in this association are quito used to taking in your stride. Other prob- lems result from the effectiveness of farmer cooperatives and these are disturbing us. Cooperators have known that fanners have the job of developing and maintaining membership and administrative ef- ficiency in th«^ir cooperative asso- ciations and they have been doing this throughout the country. Their effectiveness in their associations in sel'ing and in purchasing is nro- viding competition which other agencies feel keenly and which some of them resent. And so an organized opposition to farmer co- operatives has been established, an opposition which fai-mer cooperat- ives will face iust as long as farm- ers do a real job fo^ themselves thi'ough their associations. We must recognize this fact clearly. The cau<5e of the organized opposition to farmer cooperatives is the strength of farmer cooper- ation and that opposition will cease to evidence itself in one form or another only when farmer cooper- atives become insignificant. The defense against this opposition is strong, effective cooperatives. Believing, as every true cooper- ator shoud, in the free enternrise system and competition which is an integral part of that system, we should welcome this situation. It keeps cooperatives effective and so is valuable to their members and to the general economy. In the course of its dvities, the National Council of Farmer Co- operatives, of which your associa- tion is a member and with which most farmer cooperatives are af- filiated directly or indirectly, has carefully considered the current at- tack which the National Tax Equal- ity Association has launched on farmer cooperatives. On the find- ings of its survey the National Council has developed a program thoroughly consistent with the self- help philosophy of farmer cooper- ation. I should like to outline the Council program, but before doing so it might be well to remind our- selves what it is that we have to defend. Bona fide farmer cooperatives are anything but the tools of for- eign socialistic and communistic schemes as some stil' assume them to be. They are in fact instru- ments for the perfection of the free self-help enterprise tradition on which the true American econ- omy is founded. Farmer cooper- atives are agencies owned and con- trolled by the farmers they serve. Farmers purchase supplies through a purchasing cooperative with their fellow farmers to develop and se- cure purchasing department tech- nique. Unless their purchasing dollar goes further applied in this manner than applied some other way, the farmer discontinues avail- ing himself of the service. Like- wise, the marketing cooperative or the credit or insurance cooperative functions as a means to an end agency in its respective fie'd. These associations are inclusive, not ex- clusive— "open", not "closed" shops — and to deserve and hold the trust of agency these associations must deliver value, or their member pa- trons will exercise their privilege of going elsewhere for service. The O. P. A. regulations under which we currently operate include margins for this, that and the oth- er agency involved in getting things from producer to consumer. Each involves costs and most as- sure profits to someone. The O. P. A. program makes clearer than has anything ese the advantages to farmers of controlling the op- portunities for their supply dollar through effective cooperative pur- chasing and taking their products as close as practical to the ultimate consumer. The reports of your officers show that your retui-n on cranberries produced is greater than if you had sold them alone, yet the cost to consumers was no greater and the cranberries were received by them in better condi- tion. If you gained through co- operation in this seller's market, in a buyer's market you may some day ow^e your very survival to your cooperative. Too frequently observers — yes, and farmers and cooperative per- sonnel also — "iken these coopera- tive associations of farmers to old line distributors when as a matter of fact they are much more like the purchasing departments and the r~ales departments of such far- flung industries as Ford and Fire- stone. The farm units which are such a precious heritage in the American economy simply could not exist in these days of concen- trated capital and trade unionism if they were forced to depend for their marketing and purchasing ef- fectiveness on the time and effort the individual operator could pro- vide for these essential activities. Conversely, by being able to dele- gate these important functions to an ap-ency which he controls joint- V with his associates, he can ad- dress himself to the problems of production and provide society with the food and fiber essential to its being and its comfort. Further- more, from contact in and with their cooperative operations, farm- ers learn much of the problems involved in bu=:iness and adminis- tration. They learn to accept and carry through responsibilities to their fellows, a lesson fewer and fnwer citizens experience in these days of specialization while the social and economic development of the country requires not less and "ess but more and more citizens so trained. We must constantly remind our- selves and help other people under- stand that cooperation in the mar- keting of farm products and in the purchase of farm supplies is the economic tool recognized by prac- tical farmers and economic au- thorities as the effective method of overcoming the handicaps to the successful operation of the family farm and of the American way of life of which it is an important part. The encouragement of far- mer self-help through cooperation is a cornerstone of the national agricultural policy. For more than a generation our naticna' gov- ernment, irrespective of which party controlled and with the sup- port of whichever party happened to be in the minority, has accepted and strenghtened that proposition. The National Tax Equality Asso- ciation, the instrument which is leading the present attack on farmer cooperatives, is preying on the tax consciousness of our war- ridden society. It is vigorously suggesting that the tax status of the non-profit farmer cooperative is favorably discriminatory, and that because of this other elements in our society ai-e paying an un- justly large proportion of the ex- penses of government. These con- tentions are contrary to the facts. Bona fide non-profit coopei'ative associations pay all the taxes for (Continued on Page 14) Eleven do all ^hi«^»' '"»> achieve an.l cherish a jusl and lasting peace among «"«f^''** .„„« » and ^i«»» alVnalions. Lincoln's Method - He worked straightforward and to- wards the solution of a problem. He dared to the end to do his duty, as he understood it. He believed in a people's govern- ment and he devoted his life to fur- thering this cause. No man had a more difficult task than his. In our time, despite set-backs and difficulties, we cannot do bet- ter than to follow his faith, one of the greatest leaders this country 01' any country ever had. If we do that, faith in the freedom that was Lincoln's will never die. This is the 33rd of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUP:L S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Decas Cranberry Company Giower.s an:l Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Waroham. .Mass. BUY UNITED STATES BONDS AND STAMPS Waterville Cranberry Co, FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzard.s Kay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE O FFEBRUARY, 1945 Vol. 9 No. 10 XH^ '^y^^WMttmrms^i^ •ONE CRANBERRY WORLD" AS this is written the news of the war is hearteningly good. It is needless to say its victorious conclusion cannot come too soon. Like all industries, we now are going into the fourth year of operation under wartime conditions. So many reg- ulations, so many restrictions, while as- sumedly necessary for the proper conduct of the war; so many uncertainties, so much day to day planning has been wearing, we all know. But hasn't the cranberry industry, as a whole, met the situation with excellent courage, sound judgment, and an earnest attempt to be of as great help as possible in the war effort? We think so. There certainly is no hint of discouragement dis- cernible as the industry gets ready to face its fourth season of trying to grow an es- sential wartime food. The industry, even before the war, was turning more and more toward united ef- forts to solve its problems. The cranberry industry has always been noted for its will- ingness to work together. This unity has been strengthened by meeting the war- time problems. The functioning of the insecticide committee is a fine example of this. The industry wants only its fair share of what critical materials are avail- able for agriculture, and it gets together — cooperative growers and independents — and puts up a united bid. The principles of the late Mr. Willkie's "One World" aptly apply to "One Cran- berry Industry". We believe the four cranberry areas, Massachusetts, New Jer- sey, Wisconsin and the West Coast, have become much better acquainted in the recent years. The cranberry clubs in Massachusetts, with their frequent meetings and their committee members help keep all growers well acquainted with what they all are do- ing. One such club is now being organized in Oregon. Again, like all business — if cranberry growing should be called a business — this business of growing and marketing cran- berries becomes more and more technical and requires a grower to keep himself well posted. A new mechanical age will cer- tainly develop immediately after the war. Cranberrying is becoming mechanized — like everything else. The increasing num- CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM. MASSACHUSETTS Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long: Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey ber of sprays and dusts for insects and fun- gicides and weed control, compel the grow- er to become more expert. The operation of the new machinery we are promised, from a really successful cranberry picker to an auto-giro won't be quite like wield- ing a shovel or saying "gidap" to a horse. One notable aspect of this spirit of "get- together" has been a sharing of knowledge of how to solve problems, not only between individual growers but between different areas. Inter-industry rivalries are not end- ing, and should not, for in competition there is still stimulation to progress as there has always been. But the day of isolationism for the grower has ended, or is ending. Broadly speaking, the cranberry world is becoming "One World," Tbirtceo Quentin Reynolds (Continued from Page 11) which any organization so conduct- ed is liable — property, social secur- ity, and al the rest. If they are non-profit they have no income and no income tax oblisration. They serve as the agents of their pa- trons. The income gained by their activities is their members' and is so taxed. Those associations with income of their own pay income taxes. Patronage refunds, or pat- ronage dividends, are part of the return due the producers in the case of marketing associations and in the case of purchasing associa- tions are overcharges going back to the patrons from whom they were collected. Until this year bona fide non- profit farmer cooperatives have been relieved by law — with many other non-profit associations- and corporations — of the obligation of filing financial returns. The Rev- enue Act of 1944 requires that now they must assume the responsibil- ity of filing such statements, and so must most of the other organi- zations previously exempted. But there is a sharp distinction between being exempt from filing tax re- turns and being exempt Irom pay- ing income taxes. And certainly lack of income is a reason for pay- ing no income tax which need not be supp"cmented by a legal pro- nouncement to that effect. There is one slight feature in the laws protecting the lights of farmers to cooperate which theo- retically is discriminatory. The profit corporation pays a tax on its income and the stockholder of that corporation again pays a tax on the dividends paid him by his cor- poration on the stock he holds in it. On the other hand, the farmer cooperative operating on the cap- ital stock basis does not pay an income tax on the income used for dividends on stock although the owner of that stock does pay a tax on cash dividends. The reason for this apparent discrepancy is that the capital stock in a bona- fide non-profit farmer cooperative actually is closer to a bond in a traditional stock company than it is to the capital stock in such an organization. It is definite'y lim- ited as to interest rates and does not represent the proportion of the control exercised by the holder of the stock since in a cooperative the stockholder, regardless of the number of shares he holds, has but one vote. In a statement recently prepared by the Legal and Tax Committee of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, it had this to say on this matter: "This preferential treatment had been accorded in recognition of the need of farmers for aid in financing their enter- Fourteen prises. Farmers generally are in the debtor class. The majority of farms have mortgages on them. Farmers do not have large re- sources in the form of free capital availab'e for investment. Neither are they, as a class, able to borrow money on advantageous terms, compared with commercial trading or industrial interests. In recog- nition of its disadvantageous posi- tion in attracting capital and ob- taining credit, agriculture has re- ceived various forms of credit aid. The exemption of dividends on stock of agricultural cooperatives is in that category." (The Council said the dividends were analagous to interest paid by a commercial corporation). "Viewed in that aspect their ex- emption from tax is no different than the treatment of interest which is uniformly recognized as a proper deduction from income in computing corporate income taxes. "If Congress should conclude that the financial position of far- mers has so improved that they no 'onger need all the credit aid now extended to them by the govern- ment, it might be appropriate to consider removal of the tax ex- emption with respect to dividends paid on capital stock of coopera- tives. "We do not believe conditions warrant such a conclusion. While the financial condition of farmers has considerably improved under war conditions, it seems reason- able to anticipate that agriculture will have more than its share of financial trouble in the post-war period and will need al' the credit aids that have heretofore been granted." In defense of the present set-up, it is contended that the cost of collecting an income tax on the relatively small proportion of our cooperatives' receipts represented by the share of these receipts which they return to their mem- bers through dividends on stock would be out of proportion to the cost of figuring the tax and the cost of collecting it. By stressing this point, however, critics induce more consideration for non-stock associations which secure capital through loans instead of through the sale of stock. It is more and more commonly conceded that our corporation tax- es are unfair to the owners of these organizations and a handicap on our genera' economy. Corrections could and should be made. But ef- forts to accomplish constructive changes should not be confused with efforts to weaken and destroy the effectiveness of farmer coop- eratives. Our tax program should in fact consistently follow the principle of levying taxes on those best able to bear the taxes, and it should not continue to drift in the direc- tion of substituting ease of col- lection for ability to pay. Taxes paid by farmer cooperatives on the basis of their receipts are in fact taxes paid by the farmers they serve. Taxes aiming at the de- struction of farmer cooperatives are in fact taxes aiming at the de- struction of the farmers they serve, for they would reduce the American farmer to a condition of peasantry, and by destroying the traditional purchasing power of the American farm would destroy the prosperity of the country it- self. This, then, is the attack farmers are facing, and the National Coun- cil of Farmer Cooperatives has soundly elected to meet this situ- ation accordingly. The Tax Equality Association is raising a large fund, collecting cash and p'edges from distributors and manufacturers who think the Association's program offers a profitable way of destroying or re- ducing competition from cooper- atives. I have seen a copy of an appeal to Texas and Oklahoma business interests placing the quota for that area alone at $57,- COO. Some cooperative leaders in the Central West where this at- tack is most active have decided on the "fight fire with fire" principle and are organizing an Association to fight back, and are pouring big sums into that war chest. The Council is taking this attack as only a manifestation of what its member associations are banded together to meet more effectively. The Tax Association must pay big money to hire experts to break the farmers' cooperatives, but the Council is convinced no such pro- gram is required to defend them successfully. This job, if it is done at all, wi'l be done by the farmers themselves. On the sound assumption that only associations operating on sound, self-help principles can survive the variety of assaults which cooperatives will continually face, farmer members themselves of the cooperatives which consti- tute the National Council must continue to be the sti'ength of these associations. They must make their associations strong by loyally supporting them with their patronage. They must make them worthy of that support by assur- ing sound policies and effective administration of those policies. They must accept the responsibil- ity of keeping their farmer and urban neighbors properly in- formed on the simple facts of far- mer cooperation — in conversations, at their service clubs, their churches, and in all their social contacts. And particularly in the urban East farmers must help their representatives in the state capitals and in Washington under- stand the full sig-nificance of the cooperatives to their prosperity and the damage which wi 1 follow moves which weaken cooperatives. Each organization must help its m-^mb rs help themselves and co- cpeiatin? with the general farm organizations meet these issues by putting them in their proper per- spective. As usual, farmers will bear all the costs of this tussle. The opposing business interests will collect the money they con- tribute from their farmer custom- ers. Such efforts should help far- mers not cooperating to rta ize the value of cooperatives to them. When fai'mers do their job at home, the National Council of Far- mer Cooperatives at the federal level will be in a splendid position to handle the threats to farmer cooperation which finally develop in Washington. The Council, in meeting senators and con^.Tessmen, will be reminding them of the things they have heard back home rather than appearing in the roe of a pressure group demanding privileges for farmers. To strengthen cooperative piac- tices through research and ex- change of experiences, and to provide a means of developing gen- erally a knowledge and under- standing of cooperative principles, the National Council program calls for a strong American Insti- tute of Cooperation, separate from the cooperatives and the Council. With the full approval of the Council and its member or- ganizations, the Institute is being vitalized from the standby posi- tion into which it passed with our entry into the war. It is being financia'ly supported by the vari- ous cooperatives and by individuals and other institutions which con- cern themselves with education and the sound public opinion re- sulting therefrom. A strong In- stitute can do more along broad educational lines than can the Council or the member coopera- tives, and the result of its efforts can benefit farmers and the whole economy. Our associations have tended to obscure their actual position in the national economy by playing up the volume of their activities in- stead of playing up the signifi- cance of their service to the mem- bers, for whom the cooperative simply acts as agent. The coop- erative, which has right'y con- tended that it has no income with which to pay taxes, has been far less scrupulous with regard to other solicitations. For example, there is no more reason why the cooperative should tackle the re- sponsibility of benevolences for its farmer members with their money than the responsibility for paying their taxes. Whenever a cooper- ative goes outside its field of lim- ited service, it makes it more dif- ficult for members and non-mem- bers to distinguish it from orgafi- izations which have developed an individual interest of and by them- selves. I believe that business corporations organized to se'l goods and services for the profit of their stockholders have brought upon themselves much of their taxation difficulty by doing things pleasing to their executives but totally inconsistent with their re- sponsibilities as servants of their stockholders. Cooperatives should step imitating corporations in these respects. Your association has a heritage which equips it admirably to help its members meet their opportuni- ties and I'esponsibilities as farmer cooperators in our nation's econ- omy. Through Mr. A. U. Chaney your association was one of the factors most instrumental in con- ceiving and establishing the Na- tional Council of Farmer Cooper- atives and the American Institute of Cooperation. Your 'oyal sup- port has made you one of the sig- nificant factors in strengthening farmer cooperation in this country and preparing it to guard the in- terest of American agriculture and the farmers who compose it. You can, and I am sure you will, retain your position of leadership in the best traditions of your own record. Plymouth County Clubs (Continued from Pace 4) The South Shore club voted that its secretary, Gilbert T. Beaton,, send a basket of fruit to Dr. Frank- 'in at the hospital in Wareham. M •. Beaton, in giving the treasur- er's report, said the club now has purchased six §25.00 War Bonds. Kingston President George Short, in open- inu- the Kingston meeting at Reed hall, told growers the thing to do was to forget 1944 and not to be discouraged at the outlook for 1945 in spite of the winterkill of '44. He said it seemed to him there wouki be "at least a normal crop." Mr. Short answered criti- cisms which he had heard that the clubs were run by a "clique" and that the clubs were trying to sup- plant the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. He said the clubs were for every grower and instead of supplanting the associ- ation they were supplementing and extending it. Whereas Rochester voted for supper meetings the Kingston group did not. Mr. Beattie brought up the subject of Jamai- can help next year, saying he hoped growers would decide as soon as possible if this help is wanted again and that Manager Benson was sending a card to all members of the New England Cranberry Sales Company as an aid in deter- mining if Jamaicans are to be re- quested again. Stanley Benson sketched in the work Jamaicans did last year and said he estimated they put in a total of 100,000 man hours of cranberry work. A show of hands favored some afternoon club meetings, rather than evening, but no decision was made. A vote was taken to have the treasurer, Louis Sherman, write a letter to Dr. Franklin. THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tel. Mid.cleboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee Fifteen MACHINERY FOR 1945 THE QUOTA allowed is the same as for 1944. BUT PRESENT ORDERS have already taken up a good percentage of the quota. Long term deliveries of materials and shortage of labor necessitate planning well ahead. THAT we may give you the most efficient service in this year ahead, please place your orders well in advance. These are simple statements of facts, simply stated. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. Mass. Blueberry Association Meeting In spite of a bitter zero night and icy roads, about 35 attended the first annual meeting of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blue- berry Growers' Association at Agawam ha'l, East Wareham, January 10th, re-elected officers, and as the principal feature of the meeting heard a talk on ferti- lizers and mineral deficiencies which might effect blueberries by Prof. John S. Bailey, research professor at Massachusetts State College. A supper at 6.45 preceded the business meeting and discussion. The club was organized last Feb- ruary with J. Foxcroft Carleton of East Sandwich, president; Joseph Putnam of Brewster, long a former Worcester County agent, vice pres- ident; Mrs. Mabelle Kelley of East Wareham, secretary and treasurer; Gilbert T. Beaton of Wareham and Ernest Maxim of Middleboro. directors. This was the slate re- elected, and Mr. Carleton conduct- ed the meeting. Professor Bailey in his introduc- tion told how it was "Joe" Putnam who had caused him to become in- terested in blueberry culture 23 years ago, when he first came to Mass. State College. Concerning mixed fertilizers, he said there was likely to be a shortage, due chiefly Sixteen to labor and transportation diffi- cu'ties. Fertilizer warehouses are full now, he said, but manufactur- ers may have to stop for lack of storage space, and he said it was imperative that fertilizer users buy and take their supplies just as soon as they possibly could or those who were late might be left. Buy- ing now helps both themselves and the manufacturers and the whole agricultural program. His talk on mineral deficiencies was i'lustrated by colored slides. A member's discussion by varie- ties, led by President Carleton, followed, and in this informal ex- pression of opinion a large number showed they considered the Pioneer their favorite variety at present. Carleton said he was looking for late varieties, as he felt the early market was full of Jersey-grown hues. Ernest Maxim, with slight- ly more than four acres, said he liked Cabot, Pioneer, Rubel and Jersey. Gilbert Beaton, with the more than seven Beaton acres, said he personally liked Pioneers, al- though a large proportion of their plantings were Rubels. During the discussion Mr. Put- nam spoke of a very old and large wild blueberry bush at his place at Or'eans, and Beaton said he had some years ago cut a bush so thick that, as he remembered, it had 110 rings, testifying to its ex- treme age. Dr. Franklin urged caution and moderation in the plantings of blueberries, as he said he believed the industry was in a transition stage between fondness for old and tried varieties and newer ones which might be improvements. He thought caution wiser, until more is known about how the market will respond to different varieties and believed it not at all certain that the varieties which will be most wanted have even yet ap- peared. Associate Agent of Plymouth County, J. Richard Beattie, who ral'ied the formation of the asso- ciation a year ago, was present, and Barnstable County Agent Ber- tram Tomlinson showed movies of bulldozer work in agriculture. Cape Club Meetings Officers and directors of the Up- per and Lower Cape cranbei'ry clubs, meeting at the office of County Agent Bertram Tomlinson, voted to hold February and April meetings as usual and to join in the big March gathering. February meetings will be: Low- er Cape, FFeb. 14th at Harwich Center; Upper Cape, Feb. 19th, at Bruce hall, Cotuit. April meetings, Lower Cape, April 25th and Upper Cape, April 23d. These will a'l be evening meetings. Details of the program were not completed then, but a tentative out- line left for Mr. Tomlinson to work on included featuring the market- ing program of Cranberry Canners at the first meeting and the mar- keting program of New England Cranberry Sales at the April gath- erings. K R Y O C I D E The Natural Cryolite Insecticide MAY BE USED AS A SPRAY OR DUST HUBBARD KRYOCIDE DUST Contains 50% Kryocide Thoroughly Mixed - Ready to Use HUBBARD PYRETHRUM DUST Limited Supply Only Orders Filled in Rotation as Received HUBBARD FAMOUS FERTILIZERS New England Favorites since 1878 ^^^tilizbks FOR SALE BY John J. Beaton Co Wareham John Hinckley & Son Co. Hyannis C. H. Bryant Wareham Victor Leeman West Barnstable Buzzards Bay Grain Co. Buzzards Bay B. C. Shaw Middleboro George A. Cowen Rochester John F. Shields Osterville Cranberry Canners, Inc. Onset Shurtleff Hardware Co. ...Middleboro MANUEL A. SOUZA General Agent Telephone Marion 236 Manufactured and Distributed by THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT Established in 1878 sprays and Dusts (Continued from Page S) and the same with fertiizers. The latter is not scarce, but there may be transportation and other diffi- culties in getting- it just when the grower wants it and it should be in his hands early, ready for use. Some Sabadilla may be available and DDT is still experimental. Makepeace suggesting that grow- ers, if they wanted to, run some experimentally through experiment stations. PDB is scarce, but there will be some. The fungicide Fermate, for which New Jersey has such high hopes as a rot control, was request- etl, but supples are very limited. Advice is for growers to keep in Caico Rainmaker Portable Steel Pipe Buckner Sprinklers Overhead Irrigation Jari Power Scythe 36' Sickle Mower Milorganite Organic 6'7f Niirogen rerli.izor • w En g l*a n^ Tara Cb^ DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW kNGLAND -^t 1121 WMhinstoii St.. West Newton — BIGeloW 790^ BtniBmRSGiimH '• , .A.MoiJel For Every Presture For Farm, Orchard or Trutk Garden. Easil/ and quickly mounted on any irrigation pipe. Heavy duty brass and bronze construction for long service. Sand and dirt proof. Wa- ter lubricated bearings— no oil or grease re- quired. No fost moving parts to rapidly wear out. Mcncimum coverage— even distri- bution. Write for-lilerolufe and prices. New Engliand Toro Co. ni.STBIIIDTpRS FOR NEW ENGLAND ll;:i W»hinKtorlSt.. WntNrwtun — BIGclow 7900 BUCKNER MANUFACTURING CO. 1615 Blackstone Ave., Fresno, California BUCKNER SPRINKLERS close contact with their supplies and to get in orders early. This was emphasized by William 11. Wyeth, of Niagara Sprayer and Chemical Company, and Mr. Twom- bley of Frost Insecticide, who were present at the Rochester meeting. Reports indicate satisfactory progress is being made in this ef- fort to obtain all the fair amount of insecticides and fungicides the industry requires in all the areas, and those working on this project are putting forth all effort possible with Government boards concei'ned to bring about best possible re- su ts. Following- the meeting in Washington January 4th, Mr. Mc- Grew kept in touch with Washing- ton officials and on January 18th received a letter from an official of WFA which said: "However, since that time some negotiations have been and are still being made between WFA, WPB and the Military Services with a view toward some adjustment in the current allo- cations. We are hopeful that some adjusting of current re- quirements could be made so that some civilian and agricutural needs could be met." The Jan.-Feb. issue of bullelln of Agricu'tural Insecticide and Fungicide Associates of New Yrrk has to say of the supply situation in general: " continues rea- sonably favorable, but the indica- tions are that many important Items are tightening up and little relief can be expected for the cur- rent season. Lack of manpower is a basic difficulty, taken with in- creased military reqiirements it makes the situation critical in some cases." HOSPITALIZED Ihe cianberry industry was sor- i-y to learn of the critical i'lness of Dr. Henry J. Franklin January i3th and of his confinement at Tobey hospital, Wareham, but re- lieved by his steady improvement and the fact that he was expected to return to his home in East War"ham the first week in Feb- ruary. Dr. Franklin was suddenly stricken on the 13th with blood- poisoning-, caused by an infected foot, the result of a scratch. For several days he was on the danger list, although he began to show improvement after two or three days. At the same time Carleton ("Del- lie ) Hammond, Jr., one of the better known younger growers and treasurer of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association, was confined to the Tobey hospital for a kidney operation. He is much improved and his re'ease to his home at Point Independence was expected about the first of Febru- ary also. Hope for Combined Meeting of Mass. Growers March 27 Plans Being Made for Big "Get-together", Sponsored By Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association With Four County Cranberry Clubs Participating. Eightc A joint meeting- of the Cape Coc Cranberry Growers' Associatior and the four cranberry clubs oi Plymouth and Barnstable Countie:; for March 27 seems almost as- sured. Plans for this big Massa- chusetts "Get-Together" were dis- cussed at a meeting at the State Experiment Station January 17th by which the Association, as the over-al Massachusetts unit, would sponsor the event, the four clubs combining their scheduled March meetings. Final decision rested I pen votes of the club to join in and this has been accomplished and u :on vote of directors of the As- sociation who have not yet met. -here ni'-^ht also be the conting- ency that such a large gathering, vv'h'ch would bring together possi- bly .']00 to 403 growers, might not h? pcimittel under the new ODT travel codes. However, tentative plans are go- i"'S' ahead, the place having been decided upon as the spacious USO building at Buzzards Bay as the most central location avai'able. Plans shaping up are for a meet- ing at 2 p. m., with several short addresses, a supper, followed by one principal speaker, and then dancing to an orchestra. Dr. Hugh P. Baker, president of Massachu- setts State College, has been sug- gested as the speaker, if he can be obtained. The committee which has charge of this proposed gathering is: Ho- mer L. Gibbs, president Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, Bertram Tomlinson, Barnstable County Agent, J. Richard Beattie, Associate Plymouth County ag- ent, and the presidents of the four clubs, George E. Short, South Shore; Raymond Morse, Southeas- tern; James W. Freeman, Upper Cape; Everett Howes, Lower Cape; and Russell Makepeace, chairman of the general Massachusetts Cran- berry Committee. IN 1945 — XTter x\.» J-^e k3 CAPE COD CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 "A" Awards (Continued from inside front cover) ing pins for you, Mrs. Atwood, and your key workers. Melville C. Beaton, Wareham: To the J. J. Beaton Distributing Company with 675 acres of cran- berry bogs and 10 acres of blue- berries, recognition is given. Hon- or is paid the late J. J. Beaton for his initiative and pioneering spirit in the agricultural industry. To you, Melville Beaton, the Society presents this Agricultural "A" award in recognition of the contri- bution your agency has made to the fooc. production program. John C. Makepeace, Wareham: Mr. Makepeace, you have demon- strated outstanding leadership these many years in the porduc- tion and processing of cranberries. Your vision and the aggressive character of your organization has done mu2h to develop Plymouth County's largest source of agricul- tural income. The cranberries from your 1200 acres of bog have been marketed cooperatively, with every consideration for the de- mands of the armec. forces. The Society is pleased to present to you this Agricultural "A" Award. Marcus L, Urann, Hanson: Mr. Urann, your achievements are many and remarkable. The initiative and vision you have shown these many years in the grading and processing of cran- berries has added much to the ef- ficiency of marketing cranberries. In 1944, despite the handicaps of one of the worst seasons in the his- tory of cranberry growing, your organization produced, for the needs of the armed forces and ci- vilian population, from 1200 acres. You have given unstintingly of your time and money to the ad- vancement of agriculture. The Massachusetts Society for Promot- ing Agriculture and the County ot Plymouth express our appreciation of your valuable efforts. This "A" Award is a token of our es- teem for you in your outstanding work for the cranberry industry. CRANBERRY SCOOPS and SCREENINGS There was an exceptionally in- teresting exhibition of the fruits of the hybrid seedlings developed by H. F. Bain at the office of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany at Wisconsin Rapids fi'om January 16th through January 18th. These were the berries grown at the Biron Cranberry Company experimental nursery, sponsored by the Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales Co. There were more than 600 samples of the hybrids which growers who visited the ex- hibition enjoyed seeing. Miss Ellen Stillman of Cran- berry Canners during January en- joyed a two-weeks' vacation, going to the ski country north of Mon- treal. She likes skiing and said it was a fine and bracing change. "Cranberry Boggs" is the title of a new syndicated comic strip, starting in the Boston Herald Jan- uary 8th, which, according to its introduction, has as its chief char- acter young "Cranberry" Boggs, who has "two life-'ong regrets, one that ht has to wake up to eat and the other he has to quit eating to sleep." There is Granny Boggs and Cap'n Cramps Bogg and the scene is "Codcliffs", a New Eng- land fishing village drowsing far up the New England coast. Hav- ing duly stated the fact that the hero of a comic strip is now named "Cranberry" because his last name is Boggs, or maybe vice versa, this Nineteen column feels it has done enoug-h ballyhooing for the moment, at least, and will leave "Cranberry" to his future, which apparently promises to be trying, but pre- sumably triumphant. (Maybe we will sneak a look at him now and then, at that, just because he's named "Cranberry"). Canners' Directors Hold Important Annual Meeting Directors of Cranberry Canners met at Hanson, Mass., staying at the Hotel Monponsett nearby, from Wednesday, January 24th, with M. C. BEATON G. T. BEATON Beaton's Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts Largest Independent Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries Bringing Top Returns to its Members — Serving the Cranberry Industry for Over 35 Years CONSERVATION of our resources is still Ox' vital importance. EFFICIENT UTILIZATION of our resources is necessary at this vital stage of the war. Conserve and use ELECTRICITY as a weapon of war Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 2nO PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 Twenty the actual business meetings Thursday and Friday. Nevet have the directors met when the burden of subjects considered weighed more heavily, due to the many unusual strains of the past year. Among the votes passed, two of the most importance were consider- ation of the Army's expected call for 1,500,000 pounds of dehydrated cranberries in 1945, and directors again voted to promise the Govern- ment to try to voluntarily supply the berries needed for dehydration and to package them as wanted. The board voted a committee to di- rect the manner in which pledges shall be made and to be responsible for getting the quantity and qual- ity of cranberries needed. Select- ed were a grower from each state with the authority to add to their members, these being: Russell Makepeace for Massachusetts, Theodore H. Budd, New Jersey, and A. H. Hedler for Wisconsin. As the West Coast last year sent 75 per cent of its crop to Canners no member to the committee from that section was named. The other matter was the pro- curing of necessary supplies for i'^4'i pack. After carefu' deliber- ation of the situation it was voted to direct the president to take whatever steps are necessary to assure supplies to process 200,000 barrels for civilians in 1945. It was acknowledged that the quan- tity processed would, of coure, de- pend on the crop, but the board agreed it was better to be over- supplied than under-supplied — if that volume should not be I'eached the supplies could be carried over. Representatives of Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Mr. Twerdahl and Mr. Campbell, reported the staff has nearly completed the fact-finding phase of the survey and will soon begin to make the analysis. Directors at the gathering were: Massachusetts, M. L. Urann, Carl B. Urann, John C. Makepeace, Rus- sell Makepeace. Arthur D. Benson, Robert Handy; New Jersey, Isaac Harrison, Directors Enoch F. Bills and Franklin S. Chambers, not attending; Wisconsin, A'bert Hed- ler, Guy Potter, Charles L. Lewis, Jr.; advisory committee members were Ralph B. Clayberger, New Jersey, Harrison F. Goddard, Ellis D. Atwood, L. B. R. Barker, Ken- neth G. Garside, Frank P. Crandon. Mr. Budd of New Jersey was also present. During the gathering the group called upon Dr. Franklin at Tobey hospital, Wareham. Let's Look at the Record - - A word of explanation to keep you posted as to the price situation on Canned Cranberry Sauce. O. P. A, worked out a "price formula" for the Canners of Cran- berry Sauce which resulted as follows for the "one pound tin" of Cran- berry Sauce: $ 1.95 per dozen to a packer 1.87 '/2 per dozen to another packer 1.85 per dozen to another packer 1.83 per dozen to aether packer 1.78 per dozen MIN-OT'S price QUALITY was not the basis used for figuring. The price formula simply resolved itself into as to how well you knew the manufacturing of Cranberry Sauce. We, at MIN-OT, have manufactured Cranberry Sauce for over thirty (30) years and we take particular pride in packing a "QUALITY SAUCE" by the most modern method of manufacturing and, as it appears, at a lower cost than other Packers. And for this we have been penalized by receiving the lowest price this season amongst all the Packers of Cranberry Sauce. O. P. A. ruled that the Canner in figuring his cost use as a price bas's per barrel of $22.38 per one hundred pounds. Despite the fact that they had allowed increases and we paid $23.60 per barrel plus brokerage and delivery charges, yet we could only figure $22.38 in com- put.ng the cost of Canned Cranberry Sauce. THE GROWER HAS NOT SUFFERED DUE TO OUR LOW PRICE OF SAUCE OR DUE TO THE FACT WE PAID THE HIGH DOLLAR IN CONFORMITY WITH O. P. A. REGULATIONS, WHICH MEANT THAT OUR BERRIES AVERAGED $2.50 PER BARREL MORE (FOR BERRIES, BROKERAGE AND DELIVERY CHARGES) THAN THE PRICE BASIS OF $22.38 ALLOWED THE CANNER IN THE FIGUR- ING OF THE COST OF CANNED CRANBERRY SAUCE. ALL BERRIES WERE PAID FOR ON DECEMBER 9, 1944. Again, thanks to all our friends amongst the Growers for their loyalty in supplymg us with berries during 1944. MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC. DAN D. CONWAY, Pres. P. S. — No statement of ours is to be interpreted as critical of O. P. A. We need some regulations in these trying days, and those of us who are hard hit must take the bitter with the sweet as a sacrifice on the home front. So. Oregon Club Organized For Effective Destruction of ROOT GRUB use Distributed in Massachusetts by Cranberry Canners Inc. SOLVAY SALES CORPORATION 45 Milk Street Boston 9, Mass. As has been in prospect for some time, a cranberry club of growers of the Bandon, Oregon, area has been organized, the idea patterned after the clubs of Massachusetts. This group, meeting at Bandon City Hall, elected the following offi- cers: president, Sumner Fish; vice president, Charles St. Sure; secretary, Alice Stankawich; corresponding secretary, Ethel Kranick; treas- urer, Jim Olsen. These officers are also the executive commit- tee, and with the Coos County Agent will plan future meetings. It is hoped at these meetings cultural and other problems can be discussed to the mutual advantage of the growers of the area. The group is independent of either Coos Cooper- ative or Cranberry Canners, Pacific Division, and as do the clubs in Massachusetts is open to mem- bers of both and also entirely independent mar- keters. "There is the greatest interest in the cran- berry industry throughout the Bandon area," re- ported a recent issue of "Western World," Ban- don newspaper. "New people are coming in from other counties with the intention of engaging in cranberry production and there is a general de- mand for information." OUR MEMBERSHIP Extends its deepest sympathy to Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Hopkins, Mather, Wisconsin, in the loss of their son, S/Sgt. DONALD HOPKINS Killed in the Philippines, in the Service of his Country We express our earnest hope for the safe return of their four other sons, still in service. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin +-., These Products Are Giving You a Year-round Market for Cranberries You harvest your cranberries only once a year but now you can sell them 12 months in the year. Cooperative canning has stretched the cranberry season throughout the year. It has created new custom- ers for cranberries. It has opened the whole world as your market. It has created new uses for cranberries, and it has increased the de- mand. It has brought you orderly marketing and better prices year after year. Why has cooperative canning been able to do all this? Because it filled a need for good quality, ready-to-serve cranberry products at reasonable prices. Today, growers who produce more than 85% of the national cran- berry crop are members of Cranberry Canners, Inc. They are con- tributing to and enjoying these benefits which cooperative canning has brought to the industry. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers* Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Coquille, Oregon Markham, Wash. Onset, Mass. New Egypt, N. J. Bordentown, N. J. Plymouth, Mass. North Chicago, 111. Gurnee, 111. Dennis, Mass. No. Harwich, Mass. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Tel. Wareham 648 Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES. BOX SHOOKS, CRATING VVIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES M & M's 64th Year Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers CRANBERRY CREDIT CORPORATION Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Offices : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 BOSTON, MASS. APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Car Lot Receivers The National Bank of Wareham Wareham, Mass. MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION E. T. Gault Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Wood County Nationa Bank Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION COLLEY CRANBERRY CO PLYMOUTH, MASS. DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Cranberries SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS QUALITY MASSACHUSETTS and Call SERVICE WAREHAM 162 That's Us S. G. M. Packard & Co. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Mathews Conveyor Track - RID - POISON IVY SPRAY Diesel Bulldozer HARDIE SPRAYERS ROOT DUSTERS INSECTICIDES, CHEMICALS E. C. HOWES HOSE, RODS, GUNS WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Frost Insecticide Go, Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Box 36 Arlington 74 Mass. Experienced in Bog Work Contact Us Massachusetts Native NIAGARA SPRAYER White Pine Used and for CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Cranberry Middleport, N. Y. Boxes Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a F. H. COLE full line of dusting machinery. Established 1707 Manufacturer of Wooden Boxes and Shooks North Carver, Mass. Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. Tel. 46-5 ROBERT LENARl Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tal. 6: ARIEMS?>7/er THE MOST OMPLETE LINE OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD CA PACITIES 14 IN TO 7 FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION WIS Serving Western Cranberry Growers with High Quality Products Rotenone Pyrethrum Sabadilla Nicotine Copper Sprays Oil Sprays Lime Sulphur Solution Miller Products Company Portland 1, Oregon RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS Pioneers in Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation Data from Rain Bird Sprinkler Mtg. Co. Glendora. Calif. L. R. Kelson Mtg. Lo. Peoria, 111. Oregon — Washington R. M. WADE OREGON CULVERT & PIPE Portland, Oregon CROP-SAVER brand INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES For the Cranberry Grower CROP-SAVER CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc. 2630 West Arthington St. Chicago 12, Illinois Plans Are Shaped Up for Meeting of Mass. Growers On March 27 All Massachusetts cranberry roads will lead to the USO building at Buzzards Bay on March 27th for the joint cranberry meeting, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, and participated in by the four cranberry clubs and the extension services of Plymouth and Barnstable counties. Definite decision has been made to hold this "big" gathering and a tentative program is arranged. This wi 1 be an afternoon and evening affair, similar to that held at Carver Town Hall last year, although on a larger scale. Tickets are being distributed by the four clubs and the association, and the price per ticket is S1.89, this including a fine dinner. Other expenses are being borne by the association. Homer L. Gibbs, as association president, is in charge of arrangements, assisted by Russell Makepeace, chairman of the general cranberry advisory committee of Massachusetts. The din- ner will be top-notch, a beef dinner if beef is obtainable, if not, turkey. It is being put on by Aubrey L. Coon, caterer for the New Bedford Pub- lic Market. ODT requests for not holding conventions do not app'.y to agricul- tural aJfairs such as this, where no hotel accommodations and no rail or bus transportation are involved, according to a ruling received by Massa- chusetts Farm Bureau in response to a request to Government for clari- fication by the American Farm Bureau Federation. The program as now outlined is: 2 p. m. Business meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Ass'n. Address by Dr. Henry J. Franklin (if able to be present' C. D. Stevens, Chief Statistician, N. E. Crop Reporting Service, on "Need for a More Accurate Crop Estimate". Roy E. Moser, Mass. State College, in charge of labor program, tak on labor situation. Carlton I. Pickett. Organization Director Massachusetts Farm Bureau, on "The Farm Bureau". Russell Makepeace, report on "Insecticide Outlook". Cranberry Movies, the movies being a fine collection from sev- eral sources. 5.30 Diitner. Address, Dr. Hugh P. Baker, President Massachusetts State College. Dancing, Pioppi's Orchestra. CAPE CLUBS DRAW GOOD ATTENDANCE LOWER CAPE First of the meetings of the Cape Cranberry club was that of the Lower Cape at Harwich Monday evening, Feb. 19th, with a chicken pie supper preceding. In spite of a snowstorm over already icy roads, about 65 were present, and President G. Everett Howes of Dennis, conducting his first meet- ing, kept the ball bouncing through a stimulating session. Speakers were Joseph E. Kelley, Ferris C. Waite, Emil C. St. Jacques, and County Agent Ber- tram Tomlinson, who, besides speaking on the labor situation, wound up the meeting with some cranberry movies. Four President Howes spoke of the big joint meeting in March, and named a ticket committee to pro- vide tickets for the Lower C ub members and friends, this commit- tee consisting of Howard Gaboon, Elnathan E. Eldredge, Calvin El- dredge, club secretary, and him- self. He outlined the program as tentatively set at the time, urging members to attend if possible. He suggested a remembrance from the club to Dr. Franklin at the hos- pital in Boston, and this was voted on motion of Elnathan Eldredge. It was announced the next meeting of the Lower Club would be Aprii 25th at Carlton Hall, Dennis, whether to be a supper meeting or not to be announced later. Mr. Kelley in his talk repeated his paper as read at the Plymouth County meetings last month and printed in full in CRANBERRIES, February issue, bringing up the additional matter if it would be advisable for Cape growers to pull the water from under the ice on their bogs, as some of the larger growers of Plymouth County are doing, in fear of damage due to lack of oxygen. In general he rather advised against this for Cape growers unless they were sure of having ample water for any winter killing in March, more spe- cifically saying it was a step to be taken with caution and very large- ly dependent in its advisability as applied to the individual conditions of a bog. He was inc'ined not to expect any great amount of dam- age from this cause in Massachu- setts from the excessive winter snow this year, as he believed many bogs had made a remarkable recovery from last winter's winter kill and the summer drought, and went into the winter flood in good condition. He also said the vines should have had good vitality, as they mostly failed to crop last year, and this was a factor to be considered. Asked about winter ice sanding, he said he would advise it, and particularly sanding in the fall a- so, as if sanding is put off until spring a grower is apt to continue too late into the season attempt- ing to do as much as possible, and s'^ injure unduly his crop prospects. He said he recognized sand on ice does cut down sunlight reaching the vines. A.'^ked about broadcast olanting as compared to planting by dibble, he said he would not rec- ommend it as being either better or cheaper. As drawbacks, it took more vine s(even though it saved labor), but there were apt to be 'arge patches of too thick vines and large patches of sparse vines. He a'so said that without hills it made it impossible to rogue out vines ne-f-eived later to be false blossom infected or any "foreign" varieties scattered in. Mr. Waite wound up his insecti- cide situation facts with a lively note in the form of a recent actual radio interview between a station announcer and Dr. Bailey B. Pep- per, noted entomologist of Rutgers University, he displaying his act- ing abilities as the announcer, with Mr. Tomlinson portraying Dr. Pep- per. The interview chiefly con- cerned DDT, cautioning agricultur- ists not to expect it to cure all insect diseases, but stressing its great potentialities when these are more fu'ly explored and proven, and touching upon the other new insecticides which may be available because of wartime research. In concluding the meeting Mr. (Continued on Page 10) Issue of March. 1945 — Vol. 9, No. 11 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS HA "Mean" Winter — This has been one of the coldest, snowiest, and most "malicious" winters in many years. At almost no time since December in Plymouth Coun- ty and the upper Cape has the countryside been free of snow and ice. January mean maximum, as recorded at Middleboro Water Works (as a central location) was 36.16, the mean minimum 12.96 ?nd the mean for the month 22.94, this being- 6.35 degrees lower than the January mean for 1944. Tota'i snowfall was 15.2 inches. There were many near zero days. Feb- ruary 8th brought a sleet-snow blizzard which recalled the famous New Eno'land gale of 1898 (snow- fall for this storm, recorded at the East Wareham Station, was GV2 inches. Power and light lines were generally out of sei'vice for periods of from hours to days. TIBogs Long Under Heavy Ice, Snow — Having weathered success- fully the period of ear'y winter- killing which was so disastrous last year, many growers are con- siderably apprehensive that an- other unfavoi'able winter condition may have developed this year. That is the long-continued pres- ence of unusually heavy snows up- on the ice of all flooded bogs. For practically all of two months or more this covering, made up of layers of ice which have frozen, melted, and frozen again, and snow crusts, has prevented the usual amount of sunlight from reaching the vines. At almost no time this year has the ice been of the clear type. Growers are considering the possibility of injury due to lack of oxygen, as there could have been little or no photosynthesis go- ing on in the leaves. In the bul'e- tin, "Weather in Cranberry Cul- ture", Dr. Bergman discussed this phase of lack of oxygen, saying the photosynthesis goes on only in the leaves, and this process gives off oxygen into the water in which the vines are submerged. Dr. (Continued on Page 16) Outlook for Season To Date INSECTICIDES Insecticide, fungicide, and ferti- lizer situation at the present stage looks considerably more favorable than in any of the war years, and the outlook is not at a"l a "blue" one, Ferris C. Waite of Cranberry Canners reported to growers at Cape meetings. He pointed out that not only had more pyrethrum been allotted to the cranberry in- dustry but the flowers are of bet- ter quality, and these are factors which should give more adequate protection. Rotenone is still not assured, as cranberries wore not on the approved list, but appeal has been made and strong hope con- tinues that some may be specially allocated. Cryolite again is amp'e, and this is very good news to the in- dustry, as it proved of such great value the past couple of years. Some Sabadilla was left over from amounts purchased last year (by Ctnners) and this has not de- creased in efficiency with the hold- over. Copper sulphate is "tight to adequate"; cyanide sodium "tight, but probably adequate for cran- berry needs; "PDB" very tight, but likewise probably adequate for in- dustry needs: Paris Green, "tight to adequate"; arsenate of lead, "some"; nicotine products "tight and very critical", but probably enough. Fertilizers in genera' are suffic- ient, but growers should order and lav in their supplies early because of labor and transportation situa- tion. EQUIPMENT Emile C. St. Jacques, Hayden Separator Mfg. Co., reporting for the mechanical side of the current outlook, said the mechanical situ- ation, although still "tight", was not as tight as it had been two years ago and was a little better than last year. He explained that WPB limitation order L-257, which concerns the amount of farm ma- chinery and of critical materials in machinery, worked in favor of cranberry equipment. This con- tains relativey small amounts of the most critical metals, such as steel or bronze. This limitation order, together with the degree of essentiality of a given agricultural crop (which is the more important consideration) determines the per- centage of machinery which may be manufactured. The less the amount of critical materials, the higher the percentage granted an agricultui-al division. The country average of all farm machines is 78.80' V of 1940 or 1941. Cranberry machinery average is over 106'' r. Tightest of al" are sprayers, he said, with but 68 per cent (of the amount manufactured in either 1940 or '41, whichever was larger). This percentage represents but ten machines for Massachusetts cranberry growers this year. Dusters are 128 7r ; small pumps, 909^ ; large pumps, 135%; hand tools, good supply; repair parts, manufactured away, very slow in delivery (Hayden repair parts lo- cally, good); spray hose (synthetic rubber) good in supply and qual- ity; rubber tires availabe for dust- ers to the extent of the quota; rub- ber wheels for barrows available this year in limited quantity, made of synthetic rubber, good in qual- ity, but should be kept to proper inflation of not less than 60 pounds; scoops and snaps, Hayden would manufacture some this year. Lumber probably the tight- est material of all. Labor on all equipment fronts continues tight, if not tighter than last year. As in past seasons since the start of the war, Mr. St. Jacques said it was imperative that orders for any new equipment, for repair parts, and for repair work must be p aced without de- (Continued on Page 14) Five First Washington Bog Built When Region Was Still Little Known and Sparcely Settled Anthony Chabot Quebec-Born, Had 35 Acres Constructed At Long Beach "About 1883" — Bion A. Landers of Cape Cod "Imported" For Assistance — Robert, Anthony's Nephew, in Charge and Later Pioneered Himself Still Farther North Along the Heavily-Forested Coast. By CLARENCE J. HALL Cranberry cultivation had been in progress on Cape Cod for possibly 70 years, counting the first beginnings of Henry Hall at Dennis; in New Jersey since the 1830's; in Wisconsin for at least two decad,es when Anthony Chabot, pioneer, a French Canadian by birth and a civil engineer by occupation, bought land near Long Beach, Pacific County, Washington in 1881 and shortly thereafter began building the first cranberry bog in the extreme northwest corner of the United States. That region even then was little known and still only sparsely inhabited territory. There were no settlements worthy of the name of town on the Long Beach Peninsula. The earliest settled spot was at the point of the Peninsula, Oysterville. and had only been established in 1854, when a few pioneers were shipping the Willipa Bay oysters to San Francisco by sailing sloop. It was then the county seat. Nahcotta was not to be even founded until 1889. Ilwaco, at the base of the "long beach", later to become Pacific Coast cranberry center during its ill-advised boom, was a small fishing village. The native wild cranberry of the region (not Vaccinium macrocar- pon, the American cranberry of commerce, growing naturally as far west as Minnesota) had been gathered, but there had been no effort toward cranberry cultivation -'n the "Evergreen State". The ead of the older cranberry-pro- ducing states was tremendous when Chabot bought this land in 1881. In that year Wisconsin had har- vested 47,000 barrels, largely from natural cranberry marshes, New Jersey 52.000 (also including many "natives"), and the crop of Cape Cod. 51,942 barrels, had been dras- tically cut down by lack of water for the severely cold winter of 1880-81, under conditions perhaps very similai- to those prevailing in Massachusetts 'ast winter. That winter men walked across the froz- en salt hay to Sandy Neck on Cape Cod, and sleigh races were held on Cape village main streets. The contrast in degree of settlement between Cape Cod and Long Beach was indeed great; special trains were being run down to Harwich on the Cape from Boston for ice- boating regattas. Purchased in 1881, con.struction for Chabot is believed to have been begun about 1883. If that date is correct that was also the year when it was voted to change Six the name of the New Jersey Cran- berry Growers' Association to that of the American Cranberry Grow- ers' Association, so far had cran- berry culture advanced in the East and Mid-west. Its membership was 127, but only 64 were growers of New Jersey. Included on its roster were not merely Massachu- setts growers, but men from Penn- sylvania, Missouri, Wisconsin, Min- nesota (1) and Nebraska (1). There were none from Washington or Oregon. The great Northwest was out of the cranberry picture until Chabot pioneered. "The first planting of cultivated cranberries in the state of Wash- ington was made in 1881 near Long Beach in Pacific County by the Chabot Brothers", records "The Cultivated Cranberry in Washing- ton", publication of 'the State Col- lege of Washington, Agricultural Extension Service, by D. J. Crow- ley, July, 1937. This date of 1881 is based upon the time Chabot ac- quired title to the land, and Chabot family history has it that it was "about 1883" building actually be- gan. When Anthony died the pro- perty was left to his brother Remi, who had not been financially inter- ested in the venture. About Contemporary with McFarlin If bog building was begun in that year it might conceivably antedate bv a year or two the planting: of the bog at Empir? City. Coos County. Oregon, by Charles Dexter McFarlin of South Carver, Massachusetts (CRAN- BERRIES, June 1943). Research has not as yet fixed the date of the setting out of eastern cranberry vines on the Pacific Coast bv Mc- Farlin more exactly than "about 1885." However, the late W. S. Brown, writing "The Cranberry in Oregon", publication of the Oregon State College, said, after telling of McFar'in in Oregon, "The first plantings in the State of Washing- ton on the north side of the Co- lumbia River near the mouth, were made by a French gardener, named A. Chabot, who planted 35 acres shortly after McFarlin started his plantings in Coos County, Oregon." Seemingly both McFarlin, the Massachusetts man with Carver cranberry-growing experience be- hind him, and Chabot, brought up on a farm in French Canada and who sought his fortune on the raw Pacific coast, with no knowledge of the West Coast pioneering of the other, had, at approximately the same years in history, conceived the idea of cultivating the fruit entirely across the continent from the birthplace of the cranberry in- dustry on Cape Cod. McFarlin pioneered in Southern Oregon, Chabot 500 miles to the north, across the mighty Columbia which divides the two states. Chabot's bog, whi''e it produced some good crops, was finally aban- doned, its career not permanently successful; the McFarlin bog is still very much in the Coast cran- berry picture, although for a time it, too, was in run-out condition. However, the thread of the Chabot cranberry pioneering in Washing- ton did not run out with this Long Beach bog, as Anthony's nephew, Robert, still living, carried it through, himself building a bog which is now one of Washington's good producers. It is owned by Robert's daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. David H. Newkirk. Anthony appears to have been an "absentee owner-grower" where- as Robert, who for a time managed the Long Beach propei'ty, himself, carried the torch of cranberry growing still further north in Washington, to beyond Grayland and to Grays Harbor at the present Capolis. The story of cranberry pioneering in Washington is Rob- ert's as well as Anthony's. Anthony California Pioneer of Gold Rush Days Anthony had had little oppor- tunity for school education on the farm near Quebec, but he had a fine, keen, retentive and ambitious mind, and became a civil engineer. He had gone to California during the early gold rush days, not to hunt for gold (as McFarlin liad done, with litt'e or no success), but he had the idea of building saw- mills and to cut lumber for flumes. At the time he acquired the land far to the north in Long Beach he was a resident of Oakland and head of the Chabot Water Works (the first in Oakland), and his brother, Remi, was his superin- tendent. The idea of growing cranberries on the Coast came to Anthony through a brother-in-law from Massachusetts who was visiting him. This brother-in-law selected the Long Beach site as desirable. The Long Beach Peninsula, as it parallels the coast for about 30 mi'es, enclosing Willipa Bay, is very reminiscent of Cape Cod. Ac- cording to Chabot family history, the brother-in-law had the inten- tion of himself taking part in the growing of cranberries there with Anthony. At any rate, on his rec- ommendation, Anthony bought the land from the Government, 1600 acres in several parcels. But when the brother-in-law returned to the East his wife flatly refused to go and pioneer in Washington. Bog Built in "Cape Cod Fashion" A couple of years late, Anthony came in contact with a man whom the Chabots today can recall only as "an Old Holander from New- Jersey", who had knowledge of cranberry growing. He was hired to build and plant the Long Beach property. Thirty-five acres were scalped by manual labor, the sec- tions sanded from wheelbarrows and planted with vines from the East, including McFarlins, Black Diamonds, and some Early Blacks. Unfortunately, with these vines came some of the worst pests and p'ant diseases of the East. These contributed to its later difficulties and to its final abandonment, and also contributed to the handicaps of general cranberry growing in that region as the pests spread. The bog was built in approved Cape Cod fashion, however, near a lake and with full flowage facilities. The "Old Hollander", according to Chabot tradition, did not prove satisfactory, and Anthony's neph- ew, who had been sent up to as- sist in the building of the bog, took over actual charge. Robert, then, was not a cranberry man, and on recommendation of Cape connec- tions the service of a young man, Bion A. Landers of Cataumet, Mass., was hired. He furnished the technical information whi'e Robert gave general supervision. Robert, who all his life had pion- eered, a little later left this pro- ject even before it came into bear- ing, and went to Arizona. At fif- teen he had left Canada for the United States and made his own way. In Arizona he went into the cattle business and while there married. When Anthony died, the bog coming into possession of Remi, he recalled Robert to return and a-rain take charge. By this time the bog was in bearing and tore some good crops. Becomes Robert's Story From this point on, the story of the Chabot ci-anberry pioneering in Washington becomes strictly that of Robert. He decided he wanted to pioneer further with a bog of his own. This was in 1891 and Robert was in his early thirties. Leaving his fami'y, and with his food and blankets in a pack on his back, he set out on foot up the wild coast of western Washington. His stoi-y is now best told, prob- ably, in the words of his daughter, Elizabeth Chabot Lorbeer of Santa Monica, a writer, who has had cranberry articles published and to whom this writer is indebted for much of the Chabot information. With justifiable enthusiasm of his achievement she has written: "Some twenty miles north of Grays Harbor, a mile back in the woods, he (Robert) found what he was after. Swamp land. Good black peat covered with a blanket of spanghum moss, bluebells, pitcher pants, sundews . .and over the moss sprawled vines laden with fruit, the wild cranbei'ry in- digenous to the region. "This cranberry pioneer, with unshakable faith in his new ven- ture, filed on the timber claim on which the swamp lay; homesteaded the adjoining eighty. He moved up his family, built them a home, and called in the neighbors to help him prepare his cranberry marsh. Pioneer homesteaders like himself, these men, living two and thi-ee miles away a ong the ocean beach or through the almost impenetrable forest where huckleberries, salal and tall fern were massed over windfalls of fallen timber laced with wild blackberry vines. A road was hewed through this tangle, the mile back from the Pacific to the swamp; a road-bed made of cedar pvmcheons; wooden rai'ings laid on top of the puncheons for horse-drawn cars. Then the work rf preparing the marsh for plant- ing was begun Ccpalis Marsh Prepared This was a slow and tedious process in those pre-machinery days of horses and oxen, of stump- puller, axe, mattock and bull-hook. And after that came sanding — ton after ton of sand loaded into cars with a scraper, hauled by horses in small, open cars up the steep prncheon bridge to the ridge, then back through the walls of the forest to the marsh. Cars rattling out to th'? beach empty, straining back ful' — until the whole five acres of black muck was covered with a y ^\ 4 ^ ^«i^)fe. ROBERT CHABOT layer of clean beach sand several inches deep. "The familiar phiase, 'as busy as a cranberry merchant', should read 'as busy as a cranberry grow- er'. Robert Chabot drove himself endlessly from daylight to dark. Then when the bog was ready for planting, he sent East to the old Cape Cod marshes for cuttings of berries. "And now began the battle with the weeds. "The increasing family of small Chabots was pressed into service for hand-weeding. A tedious and unending task they found it — the only variation, an occasional black bear lumbering out of the adjacent swamp land where he had been dig- ging skunk cabbage roots, or an- ticipation of a mountain lion's scieam in the surrounding timber. Quinault Indians Harvested "Later, when the marshland had come into full bearing, they helped the Quinault Indians from the near- by reservation to pick the berries by hand. More interesting work, this, with the fat squaws in their bright shirtwaists and shawls, their ready laughter and gutteral voices echoing across the field — great pockets concealed in the vo- luminous folds of their long skirts, into which disappeared measures of cranberries. Robert Chabot checking up on them: "Annie, you stealing my berries?" Indignant denials. And that night the young Chabots, hanging over the fence back of the barn, watch- ing the Indians about their cooking fires, would see pots of cranberries simmering. "Later came screening and box- ing and shipping away to market — a wagon-haul of five mi es down the ocean beach when the tide was out. then across the harbor by the little steamer which made the round trip daily from the harbor towns of Aberdeen and Hoquiam to North Beach, bringing mail, pas- Spven VIEW OF COPALIS BOG sengers, supplies. And through it all — uncertainties of building a lo- cal demand for cranberries; of early and late frost; of insect pests — Robert Chabot kept his faith in cranberries on the Pacific Coast, depending upuii them to feed and clothe his family. "A Cranberry a Day" "And they did feed them liter- acy. Cranberries were on the ta- ble three times a day. Cranberries for breakfast! It sounds weird, doesn't it? But the young Cha- bots ate saucers of them, and asked for more — ate them as oth- er youngsters eat apple sauce or oranges; ate them with home- laised pork and chicken, clams and salmon from beach and ocean. Great bowls of unstrained, jellied cranberries — the whole berries held in .suspension like enormous rubies. "In those days people didn't know about vitamins. All the Chabots knew was that they liked cranberries and that evidently they were good for them. For on that remote western homestead where it would have been practica'ly im- possible to secure a doctor, it was never necessary to call one. Not an apple but cranberries kept him away. Cranberry Poultices "The mother of the family ad- ministered cranberries with a lav- ish hand, not only internally but externally. For the frequent in- fections caused by splinters and rusty nails in bare feet a poultice of crushed raw cranberries was the proven remedy. And a Christmas tree, cut from the surrounding for- est, wou dn't have been a Christmas tree without the generous festoons of gay red berries intertwined with popcorn. "That cranberry marsh that raised nine young Chabots and sent them away to high school and col- lege, is now one of the finest fields on the Pacific coast. You drive out a good, sanded road through walls of timber and emei'ge from a clearing hemmed round with c^dar, spruce, and hemlock.. . The berries lie thickly, they are all McFarlins now — a variety which the Chabots have found particular- ly wel' adapted to that locality. If it's harvest time the field is marked off into sections by means of stretched white twine (as in the old Cape Cod fashion. Pickers are creeping or sitting in these sec- tions, stripping the uprights clean of berries, using spread fingers. "Ditches to take care of excess rainfall and for flooding off weed- feed and to protect from frosts cut the marsh into sections. An efficient sprinkling system with wells, gasoline motor and windmill takes care of dry spells. WeF- built packing and screening house and charming low country honie flank the field. Everything is clean, quite efficient, orderly . .". From this beginning by Robert Chabot in the Copalis section at North Beach, it would have been strange if others had not followed his example. Others have. Now there are about ten who have in an acre or two of vines. This new development at North Beach, with Aberdeen and Hoquiam, the twin metropolis of Grays Harbor, to the south and Grayland to the south on the open Pacific, was one of the fastest-growing little West Coast cranberry districts until the war. The people building bog were mostly working folks living in the Aberdeen-Hoquiam community. Gas shortages and increased working hours have stopped the expansion for the moment. "After the war", say the present operators of the bog, the New- kirks, "we should see a big in- crease in cranberry acreage here." Another factor that had held up development at Copalis was a gen- eral lack of sand adjacent to the swamps, and growers had too long a haul, but in the past year a road has been put through directly from the bogs to the beach. Long Beach Bog Cropped Well The Chabot bog near Long Beach did bear some excellent crops, according to families who still live in the neighborhood. There was plenty of water avail- able for flooding. After the Cha- bot family ceased to own it, it changed hands several times. It was owned by a Portland business man, J. M. Arthur, who sold the property during the Long Beach real estate boom about 1916-17. It was owned by Poore and Gou'd, Californians, and is now part of the Peterson dairy farm. The bog became very weedy and it had fireworm and the usual run of di- seases, but fruitworm did not ar- rive until late, as it was first re- norted in the Long Beach area by Bain and Crowley in 1923. The road on which the bog was located is now known as "Cran- berry Road" and is only about a quarter mile north of the site where the 100-acre Myers bog is now completed. Landers himself eventually built a bog in the same vicinity which was also about a quarter mile from the Myers pro- perty toward Wi'lipa Bay. This Landers bog also bore heavily for some years, but it also changed hands a number of times and even- tually was permitted to run out. When Landers went out to the Coast he was a man of about 26 and had learned the Cape Cod method of bog building from an older brother, Galen Landers. His son, Giles Landei-s of Pocasset, be- lieves he went out about 1885. He is remembered to have made one Exchange Figures On the 1944 Crop BION A. LANDERS trip back East and then returned to the Coast where a couple of years later, in 1889, he married a Washington girl, Carrie Henness of Ilwaco. On this second trip to the West he was accompanied by Ed- ward Lawrence, also a Cape bog man, who spent some time work- ing with Landers on the Chabot bog and then some years as a light-house keeper in Alaska be- fore he eventually came back East. Landers came back permanently in 1903, having had two sons, Gi es and Harry, born at Long Beach. Giles today cannot recall a great deal of the Washington coast ex- cept that it was wild and there were but a few scattered shore houses at Long Beach, but does re- member that bears were common and so were elk. The "outer world" was then reached by a car- riage ride to Ilwaco, which was the "city" of the region, and a trip across the Columbia by small boat to Astoria, Oregon. Both these bogs. Landers vividly remembers from the talk he heard, were considered very suc- cessful. His father's little bog of three acres was so'd to a man named Olsen, when Landers left, and paid for itself in a year or two. Mr. Landers was surprised to learn that both bogs have been abandoned, since he knew them operating successfully as a boy. Although these two early Long Beach bogs have reverted to na- ture, it does not seem to have been because of lack of suitable location or of construction. Rather it was probably due to lack of cranberry knowledge, how to handle frosts, insects, diseases, and weeds. Ade- quate cranberry "know how" came late to the Pacific Northwest. American Cranberry Exchange, in a February summary to mem- bers of the 1944 season, while "in- c'ined to the opinion" the Govern- ment estimate of the crop as 376.700 barrels is about 10,000 too high for Massachusetts, using this figure as a basis, estimated the Exchange sold 41.36 per cent fresh of the crop, or 158,815 barrels, 153 407 of this on the fresh fruit market, and that the gross price Exchange average was $26.00. The total sold fresh was 233,700 bar- rels, or 62 per cent of the whole crop. Of the Massachusetts crop of 160.000 barrels the Exchange sold 44,257; of the New Jersey and Long Island crop, 59,000 barrels, the Exchange sold 25.876; of the Wisconsin crop the Exchange sold 75,660, and of the Washington- Oregon crop of 42,700 the Ex- change sold 10,022. Concerning prices realized, the buletin states: "Approximately everything sold through your Ex- change was at full ceiling prices, and present figures indicate a com- bined gross average price of slightly in excess of $26.00 per bar- rel FOB. shipping points. "The demand was such", con- tinues the bulletin, "as to enable all producing sections to make shipments practically as fast as the fruit was in proper condition and could be packed, which was a very favorab'e factor. In fact, our customers, as a whole, would have taken, and really did want, deliveries much faster than we were able to make shipments." "What of the future as it ap- plies to the demand for fresh cranberries? In the writer's opin- ion prospects as to consumer de- mand, especially for 1945, are ex- ceptionally good and we are willing to venture an estimate that a minimum of 600,000 barrels can be sold fresh at very satisfactory prices." Mr. Chaney, however, points out that it must not be overlooked that economic conditions and buy- ing power of the consuming pub ic have tremendous effect on the de- mand for all commodities and more especially on semi-luxury foods, as cranberries may be classed. He also emphasises that the cranberry industry has gone through five consecutive years (1940-44 inclus- ive) with demand considerably in excess of supply, and while healthy on the face, such a situation of a continued short supply so much less than demand is not conducive to a healthy condition of the in- dustry for the "long pu 1." Probably No New Jersey Drought in 1945, Expert Says Following is an interesting re- lease from Agricultural Informa- tion, Extension Service, New Jer- sey College of Agriculture, Rut- gers, N. J.: New Jersey farmers who may be haunted by memories of last summer's sun-baked fields and pas- tures have a cheering word that in al' probability the weather pattern of the last two seasons will not be repeated in 1945. The assurance, to lessen the fear of a third drought year, comes from Dr. Er- win R. Biel, meteoiologist at the New Jersey College of Agriculture, New Brunswick. Periods of excessively dry wea- ther, such as were experienced in 1943 and 1944, are rare in New Jer- sey, points out Dr. Biel. After studying figures and data he has collected from al' over the world, Dr. Biel has become a booster for New Jersey climate. This state, he says, is in a climate zone par- ticularly favored by a balance of sunshine and rain. The annual total of rainfall varies only 10 to 12 per cent in New Jersey, compared with 20 per cent for the interior and 30 to 40 per cent in the Southwest, Dr. Biel's figures show. In New Brunswick variability of rainf a 1 during the growing season does not amount to more than 15 per cent. In the state as a whole the aver- age seasonal distribution is ex- tremely uniform, the meteorologist points out, the diffex-ence between average driest and rainiest months not exceeding 4 per cent, if the monthly sums are expressed in per cent of the annual total. Corres- ponding figures for the interior and for California are 10 and 22 per cent, respectively. As further proof that nature is kind to the Garden State, Dr. Biel shows that the variability of fre- quency of rain during the growing season in New Brunswick during 24 years is 9 per cent, and what is more, 64 per cent of the annual total fell during the growing sea- son, Nin* Conference in New Jersey States Main Cranberry Problems Dr. William H. Martin, director, N. J. Agricultural Station, New Brunswick, led a conference of growers and research workers at the Cranberry and Blueberry Re- search Laboratory, Pemberton, re- cently. The erowers stated that the main problems of New Jersey are the damaging effect of scoop- ing the inadequate water supply on many properties, the ravages of false blossom and girdler, the large amount of fruit rot, and the lack of knowledge as to the best way of sanding under New Jersey condi- tions. Need for an improved va- riety, at least as unattractive to the leafhopper as Early B'ack, and research on Sparganothis were also pointed out. Dr. Martin strongly supported the concern about water supplies, explaining that it is a statewide problem upon which the Experi- ment Station and several State agencies are working. He further emphasized the need of getting productive, disease-resistant va. rieties of cranberries suited to New Jersey's climatic conditions. This care of the cranberry seedlings is being supervised by F. B. Chandler, while the Fermate investigations for the control of fruit rot are in charge of R. B. Wilcox, both men being stationed at Pemberton by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. In his report prepared prior to the conference, C. A. Doehlert, acting director at Pemberton, set forth the Jersey situation as fol- lows: "Insect control is rather well understood. Rot control will prob- ably be greatly improved with Fer- mate. In remaking bogs and planting new land we are rather well agreed on the importance of flooding facilities, adequate drain- age, keeping vines free of false blossom, weeding and sanding. "Probably the hardest items to accomplish successfully are weed- ing and sanding. Closer planting has been strongly recommended by Dr. Franklin to provide resistance to scooping damage. Closer plant- ing will also simplify weed control Ten by getting the ground covered fast- er with vines. The greatest prob- lem is how to sand. Much of our New Jersey sand is finer than we would "ike to use. A number of rebuilt bogs have been brought in- to production with sanding, some doing well and some not. It should pay to spend a year check- ing up on sanded bogs and compar- ing conditions and methods. Spec- ifications for cranberry sand are needed.." Cape Clubs (Continued from Page 4) Howes voiced the growing interest in and hone of a satisfactory uni- versal picking machine and in the possibilities for sprinkler systems for cranberry growers. UPPER CAPE A similar program to that of the Lower club was held in an inter- esting meeting of the Upper Cape Cod club at Bruce hall, Cotuit, Feb. 19th, which was also preceded by a fine chicken pie supper. Presi- dent James Freeman of Sandwich presided, with 65-70 attending. President Freeman opened by calling for a ful' minute of stand- ing silent memory to Arthur S. Curtis, first president and director of the chib, who passed away De- cember 30th. Outline of program for the joint Mai'ch meeting was read and Presi- dent Freeman appointed a ticket committee of Bertram Ryder, Rob- ert B. Handy and John M. Shields to dispose of the 100 tickets allot- ted to the club. A letter was signed by those present to be sent to Dr. Franklin in the hospital and it was voted the club send him a gift. Joe Kelley again gave his paper on winter flood water and in so do- ing opened up an instructive and interesting discussion, touching on flooding and sanding topics, chief- "y, the late holding of the winter flood. He said he looked for plenty of gypsies this spring, and gave a tip on finding out how severe a fruitworm infestation was. He said by going to the middle of the bog for a count, rather than start- ing at the edges, time could be saved, as it was certain if the count was too heavy in the center it cer- tainly would be around the shores. He said in no instance last year could he find where cryolite had in- jured a single sound berry. He suggested the possible desirabiltyi of putting on heavier applications of the cryolite spray mixture, 400, 500 or 600 gallons to the acre. One of the most interesting fea- tures was the appearance of Capt. Norman A. Aldrich of Camp Ed- wards, in charge of the prisoners of war labor program. Although he said he was restricted in his re- marks to tell no more about the prisoners than was necessary for a farmer to know as an employer, he did give a lot of facts. In general the men are let out to contract in groups of not less than 10, he said, and in general they were restricted to a 12-hour day at the most and a distance of approximately 35 miles from the Camp. They must be paid the pre- vailing rate, of which they receive 80 cents a day up to $1.20 in rare instances at piece work. The con- tractor pays one cent a mile per man, up to 50 cents a day. The army furnishes an armed guard and the camp furnishes lunches at noon. The contracting employer, or his agent, gives the work in- structions, however, and if a pris- oner proved unsatisfactory he woud be taken off the job upon complaint. He said that "frater- nization" was one thing the army was very strict about and the em- ployer himself should not talk to the prisoners or allow any third person to do so. They must not be given gifts, such as cigarettes or candy. No letters may be mailed for them, nor should they be per- mitted to use a telephone. Cape employers of this labor, once cer- tification was obtained through Washington, would deal directly with the camp, he said. Tomlinson said as contracts had to be made, probably the best way to make use of this labor if avail- able in the fall would be to set up Cranberry Canners, Inc. as the contracting agent and then the men could be taken in units from bog to bog, giving small growers the use of the labor as needed. He suggested Canners as the most likely agency, but it was brought out on question of Peter A. Le- Sage that growers could make in- dividual contracts if they could em- ploy a unit of ten or more. The labor situation is so tight on the Cape, Tomlinson said, that there are but 32 left now classified m the draft as 2-C, and of these only 10 are in the 18-25 age group. The final speaker, before Tom- linson put on an interesting movie, was Sheriff Lauchlin H. Crocker, who spoke for membership in the Farm Bureau, bringing out the fact such membership brought advant- ages in joining Blue Cross and Blue Shield. SUPPORT YOUR AMERICAN RED CROSS CHAPTER Plymouth Counfy Club Meetings Fertilizer 'Tanel" Discus- sions Feature Both Gath- erings— Growers Express Need of More Study and Expert Advice on This Im- portant Cultural Aspect. Plymouth County clubs held their second series of meetings, Southeastern at Rochester Grange hall, Fpb. 20, and South Shore at Red Men's hall, Plymouth, Feb. 21. About 65 attended the former and the members drove home through the usual snow storm, and there were about 60 at the latter for the meeting. Both were sup- per meetings. Features at both were a panel discussion on "Fertilizers", led by Associate County Agent J. Rich- ard Beattie, and this proved to be a topic in which the growers were much interested. Members of the panel at Rochester were: Frank Butler, Wareham, Nahum Morse, East Freetown, and Raymond Morse, West Wareham; at Ply- mouth, Kenneth Garside; Duxbury, Russell Loring; Kingston, George Short; Ts'and Creek, Harrison God- dard, Plymouth. The Rochester panel seemed to agree that fertilization of bogs was desirable, pai-ticularly if the bogs are older, and with the older bogs the general belief emerging was that the foods taken out of the soil over a period of years must be restored if high productivity is to continue. Timing of application and the amounts to be used must take in discretion and good judg- ment, and there was some possible question as to the value of potash in fertilizers on cranberry bogs. Nahum Morse, who has had consid- erable experience, said he fe't quite certain that fertilizing should be a part of the program in proper maintenance of older bogs, and that it was his experience that berries from fertilized plots keep at least fully as well as those from unfer- tilized. Mr. Butler said from his experience that fall fertilizing was best, and "I can't beieve from my experience that fertilizer adverse- ly effects the quality of the crop." Raymond Morse said he believed "sensible" fertilizing is safe and it may improve the quality of the crop. All agreed that far too little is known about fertilizers on bogs and that if an agronomist is ob- tained to assist Dr. Fi'anklin one of his important duties should be to make fertilizer studies. AT expressed an eagerness for more light on fertilizers for cranberries. At Kingston there was slightly less agreement. Short not being too certain of the value, except in certain instances, such as "hard pan." Garside said he preferred it spread with a machine. He said fertilizer brought back winter- killed sections. There were also differences of opinion as to the best time for application, if there was any agreement it being from July 4th into August. However, as at Rochester there was agreement that there was too little information aval able and all would want to see proper studies made and exnert advice would be highly valuable. "The Agricultural Outlook for 1945" was the subject of a most in- structive talk by George W. West- cott, Extension Service Economist, who had some very favorable things to say about the aggressive- ness of the cranberry industry, both in going after cultural knowledge and in marketing ability, the 'at- ter being recognized as outstand- ing. Proving his points by graphs and charts, Mr. Westcott told how agriculture in general had carried out a "super-job" so far during the war by producing 40 per cent more food stuffs than in any prior per- iod. He said the war showed that people wanted to and would con- sume about 25 per cent more food than they did before the war if they have the money to pay for it. He said the post-war period would face a more rapid development in the food production picture than ever before, and all farmers must be alert to keep themselves ad- justed and abreast of things. The talk of Joe Kelley, technical assistant to Dr. Frank in, on "Men- ace of the Cranberry Girdler and Root Grub", opened lively discuss- ions. His paper follows: Kelley's Paper Thirty years ago there were very few bogs that were hurt by root grubs, and at present I would say for a guess that in Plymouth County one quarter of the acreage of bogs over 25 years old is hurt more or less by root grubs. I do not know of any strictly dry bogs that are hurt by this insect. Water treatment for control of root grubs should last for 5 to 8 years and bogs treated by cyanide should be good for about 4 to 5 years. The work of girdler and root grub looks a lot alike without care- ful examination. You will find that if it is the girdler the vines show a distinct girdling just under the surface of the soil. With the root grub you will find most of the fibre roots eaten away, just leaving the main roots, which do not keep up tho vitality of the vines. This is an example of the in- crease of damage done by root grubs. About 30 years ago we knrw of only a few bogs that were seriously damaeed by this insect, I can well remember the work which was invo'ved in carrying on experiments to find a treatment that would be somewhat satisfac- tory. This was a difficult proced- ure. As the worms live in the ground it was hard to get percent- ages of kill from different strengths of material. It just meant plenty of good hard work with a shovel, I remember that Dr. Franklin and I worked on it about two weeks including Sundays, and at that time, especially on Sundays, it did not seem to me worth the effort for the small acreage which was infested. It was not until abo"t ten years later that I rea'ly felt that we were repaid for the effort that we made in trying to find a control of the root grub. We now feel that we have a fairly satisfac- torv means of control. Where bogs can be reflowed we find the best method is to let the winter water off early in April and keep the bog drained until about May 12th, then reflood for about 2 months. This is more effective than the cyanide treatment and is preferable if most of the bog is infested. If a small part of the bog is infested we recommend us- iner sodium cyanide, 6 ozs. in 100 gals, of water, one gallon being applied to a square foot. Cyanide must not be used on bogs that drain into pubic water supplies, as it is a deadly poison. It is strongly recommended that men who handle this solution should wear rubber gloves and rubber boots and have a bar of soap han- dy and wash thoroughly after us- ing it. You should make yourselves more familiar with spotting the start of the root grub injury. As a rule it begins to show up readily during the first dry spell in the growing season, generally in Juy, Most any small area that has a yellowish cast at that time, or any location where the vines seem to be thinner and weaker, are quite liable to be the work of the root grub. If these small areas are treated it probably will help delay general treatment for a number of years. If the vines are heavy and have a yellowish brown cast it might be caused by either the root grub or the girdler. Fifteen or twenty years ago girdlers were one of the major in- sects. I can remember seeing the greater part of large bogs serious- ly damaged by this insect, but with better controls, and bogs being kept in better shape, especially by regular sanding, the troubles have been cut down considerably for a number of years. However, with cutting down of sanding, with the (Continued on Pact 13) Eleven GET GROWING The True American The true American is the man who now redoubles his efforts in the cause of victory. One of these true Americans is the man who does his utmost to produce more food — his labors make it possible for all the others at home and on the battle fronts to put in their fullest efforts. Victory is not won yet, even though we are fighting the final campaigns in Europe and making such progress in the Pacific. Cranberry growers' job is to produce to the fullest of this healthful fruit, to buy more bonds, and contribute in the many other ways possible. With even less manpower, we must help supply ever-increasing food production goals. WE HAVE FAITH IN AMERICA AND IN THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY. This is the 34th of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr. Jesse A. Holmes & Son Sawmills at Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. ISSUE OF MARCH, 1945 Vol. 9 No. 11 "BIG" MEETING THE "Big" March meeting, sponsored sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association, as the "parent" organiza- tion of the Massachusetts cranberry indus- try, and long the principal torch bearer for all cranberry interests, participated in by the four Massachusetts cranberry clubs and the Extension Service, seems to be the "super-duper" get-together of the Massa- chusetts cranberry industry to date. "Non-political" in concept, it is designed to bring together to hear instructive talks, to break bread together, and to dance, all Massachusetts growers, without regard to marketing affiliations. It is planned to advance the value of acquaintanceship among the growers and the value of listening to some new idea, both from the platform and from private conversation. It also is designed to show that the older Association and the new clubs with their more frequent meetings are not in conflict. It has been said the clubs are trying to put the association out of business, with their more frequent meetings and possibly more aggressive and to-the-point programs for the solution of immediately pressing programs. As President George Short of the South Shore club pointed out at a recent meeting, the clubs do, or should, consider them- selves as sub-bodies of a "parent" Cape Cod Cranberry Association which embraces all the Massachusetts industry. The clubs break down into district groups, and do a valuable job. This meeting comes at the fag-end of a long and cold winter, just before the start of the active cranberry season. If the number of growers who have strug- gled over bad roads to get to the club meetings are any indication that interest of the growers in their chosen field is high CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Lon^ Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Statior East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable Countv Agricultural Agent Barnstable. Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey and unlagging, this should be a "bang-up" meeting. It might lend strength to the idea of the convention for all growers from all areas after the war, an idea which is mentioned from time to time. There has never yet been a truly nation-wide gather- ing of the "cranberry clan." Plymouth Cluhs (Continued from Page 11) drier seasons which we have had for two or three years, and the lack of material suitable for kill- ing the millers, there has been a considerable increase in the dam- age done in the past three or four years. The treatment recommended for the girdler if the bog flower is to flood the bog for flve days, start- ing not later than September 25. We recommend this if the infesta- tion is heavy, even if you have to flow with some late berries still on the vines. Thorough sanding has a ten- dency to control girdlers, as they live in the trash, and if the trash is covered the grubs ai-e exposed to their natural enemies. The moths are rather hard to ki 1 and the only treatment that we know of at present that is satis- factory is dusting with Pyrethrum, 50 pounds of clear pyrethrum dust (.9''; Pyrethrin) per acre, or its equivalent in killing power, ap- plied in the middle of late June. It takes two or three applications of dust, four days apart, to get most of the millers, as they do not all come out at the same time. In severe cases we recommend sand- ing in full bloom, as the girdlers "ay their eggs on the floor of the bog and a good, thorough coat of sand will smother their hatching. There will not be as much damage to the berries as you might think Thirteen there would, and the vines gener- ally make a good recovery. At the Southeastern club Presi- dent Raymond Morse told members of the program for the "big" meeting March 27, and, as ticket committee, named Oscar Norton of Rochester, Herbert Dustin of West Wareham, and Francis Mer- ritt of Carver. To the advisory committee, the so-called "Cran- berry Committee", he named to represent this club Herbert Dustin and Frank P. Crandon of Acush- net. George I. Short, president of South Shore club, was a visitor and brought greetings from his or- ganization and said members should support their own clubs, the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation and the Massachusetts Farm Bureau. Chester Chaney, American Cran- berry Exchange, was a welcome and unexpected visitor and (speak- er at Rochester) compared the greater amount of snow in Massa- chusetts with New York city and environs, comp'imented the grow- ers on getting out to the meetings under such conditions, and said he hoped the melting snows would furnish ample water for a good crop this coming season, as he was confident it would be needed, and all the berries that could be pro- duced could be sold at good prices. "Only fly in the ointment", ho said, "which now appears as a bad possibility and, so far, a possibility only, would be a lack of sugar." Wisconsin Governor Proclaims Feb. 19-24 "Cooperative Week "Wisconsin Cooperative Week" was held officially in Wisconsin by proclamation of Governor Walter S. Goodland, February 19 to 24, inclusive, the Governor paying this tribute to the value of the co- operative idea in war time. Real coopei-ation in the cranberry in- dustry began in Wisconsin "with the organization of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, extend- ing to Massachusetts and to New Jersey and the American Cran- berry Exchange, being the final development. The body of this proclamation by Wisconsin's gov- ernor follows: .V Proc'amation In the present hour of uncer- tainty and confusion when our democratic processes are being challenged, it is time to put em- phasis upon the importance of working together to promote our mutual well-being while presei'v- ing our strength as individuals. In this day of conflicting phil- osophies, we hear repeated calls to government to solve our prob- Fourtcen lems, to meet our emergencies and to regulate our economic lives. Another very diiferent philosophy ad^s the individual to be strongand se'f-reliant through the practice of initi?tive and the application of cr^urage and re- sourcefulness. This second ideal is the soul of cooperation. Through cooperatives, people work with their fellow rnen to preserve and exercise their own right of free enterprise. The co- operatives make sei-vice avail- able that in most cases it would not be practical for the lone in- dividual to provide for himself. Cooperative group action has done much to solve the farmer's age-old prob'em of buying pro- duction supplies at retail while felling his products of the farm at wholesale. Because I believe that the very foundation of our well- being rests on building the indi- vidual and promoting the owner- ship and operation of land by the greatest possible number of freeholders, and because I be'ieve that a sound and sane application of cooperative pi'inciples will do much to guarantee this type of well-being Now, Therefore, I, Walter S. Goodland, Governor of the State rf Wisconsin, do hereby desig- nate and proclaim the week of February 19 to 24, inclusive, as WISCONSIN COOPERATIVE WEEK. I urge Wisconsin citizens dur- ing this Cooperative Week par- ticularly to become better ac- quainted with the methods and objective of Wisconsin coopera- tives. I suggest that we care- fu'ly evaluate the strengthening of the family sized farm and the improvement in general eco- nomic well-being that has result- ed from the practical application of cooperative principles in our state. During Cooperative Week, let us avail ourselves of the op- portunity provided through pub- lic programs, radio broadcasts and press information to more fairly and accurately acquaint ourselves with the principles of cooperation. Supply Outlook (Continued from Page 5) lay, and this was especially true of any repairs needed on spraying equipment. He said only those who were prompt in their orders could be certain of having their equipment needs filled. No certificate for cranberry equipment is required fi'om ration- ing boards. Labor P.ymouth County plans for the season's cranberry labor include bringing in Jamaicans, as last year. Certification of the need for 142 such workers from April 1 through October 31 has been made by Frank T. White, Emergency Farm Labor Assistant at the Ex- tension Service, Brockton. Con- tracts for these men have been signed, Mr. White says, there being four cent- actors, J. J. Beaton, 12; Cranberry Canners, 30; A. D. Makepeace, 30; N. E. Cranberry Sales, 70. As was discussed at recent Plymouth County meetings, these men will be housed at Camp Manuel, South street, Plymouth, as last year. Whether these will in- clude some of the same individuals as last year is not known, although it is hoped as many of these will be made available as possible. In fact, Mr. White says, few things may be taken positively, and al- though the certification for the Ja- maicans has gone through and approval has been promised, it is still much too early to assume that it is definite. N. E. Cranberry Sales, as the largest contractor, wiP act in much of its advisory capacity as last year. Its breakdown of users of the labor is: Ellis D. Atwood, Car- ver, 15; LeBaron R. Barker, Buz- zards Bay, 10; George Short, Dux- bury. 5; Harrison Goddard, Ply- mouth, 8; Homer Gibbs, Wareham, 9; Colburn Wood, Plymouth, 5; Sales Company itself, 12; six cooks; 6 for Fred Lang, Middleboro (independent grower); Canners' contract, United Cape Cod Cran- berry Company, 25; Louis Sher- man, Plymouth, 5. Barnstable County : Bertram Tomlinson, County Agent, report- ing at Cape c"ub meetings said the situation is very tough, probably the worst so far. He said agri- culture as a whole would have ten per cent less help than last year. In spite of increasing labor short- ages agriculture has stepped up production more than one third in the war years, and somehow this year must continue to meet the in- creasing demands, in spite of shrinking' labor. He paid a high tribute to the "farm youths" of the 18 to 25 age group, who are now under consid- eration for military service. Al- though he said their work had been of the highest value to the war ef- fort, they were "getting fed up" en being longer in their non-mili- tary status and many are welcom- ing being drafted. He said he be- 'ieved they should be given some Government recognition for their achievements in food production, and hoped this would come about. With bogs still under ice and snow it would be "foolish to at- tempt any estimate", but if Barn- stable County should be blessed with a normal crop this year, which would be about 87.000 bai-rels, Tape irrowers mii?t not wait until pick- in"' time to line up their help, he yp\(]. He advised again that Cape growers, who are mostly smal er operators, work on a "neifjhbor- hood" basis and get crews lined up, even though they are boys and '^'•irls. He said the problem of the Cane growers did not lend itself to 'olution by the importing of Ja- naican or other foreign labor, as the largei- operators of Plymouth C'^unty are to do. Prisoners of war, from Camp Ed- wards on the Cape, was one "ace in the hole" the Cape men have but this type of "abor has many more costs, restrictions and re- quirements involved than most people realized. "P. W." emp'oy- ment was considered last year, but not made necessary by the almost total failure of the Cape crop, but .■-■hould be given serious considera- tion this year, in spite of the hand- icaps, and preliminary investigat- ing steps are being taken. Mi'. Tomlinson said. Shipping Boxes E. C. McGrew, American Cran- berry Exchange, in view of the changed situation with the opti- mism in the late summer and early fall about the early ending of the war in Europe, points out that like- ly the enthusiasm then about the improvement in the shipping con- tainer situation was too high. He issues some pertinent quotes from the February "Food Trade Letter", issued by the War Food Adminis- tration at Washington. "A tight supply situation is ahead in 1945 for many kinds of containers used for handling and .'■hipping food. This is especia'ly true of shipping containers, includ- THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tel. Mid.c:ieboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee ' ;., ^ WnteJ^Mjt^f^tute end prices. New England Toro Co. DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND Hai WashinKtoll St.. West Newton — BIGelow 7900 BUCKNER MANUFACTURING CO. 1615 Blackstone Ave., Fresno, California BUCKNER SPRINKLERS OVERHEAD SPRINKLING protects blossoms from frost B> oLiiint; a protective shower of water on cranberries when frost threatened, overhead irrigation saved crops when adjacent, unsprinkled bogs were completely wiped out. The Calco Rainmaker consists of portable steel pipes equipped with risers. Pipe couplings operate with one, quick motion and provide a tight, leakproof joint. The Rainmaker System permits full utilization of a limited water supply; it can be used to irrigate soil too rough or porous to handle by any other means; it may be operated effectively by inexperienced persons. For complete details ask your Rainmaker dealer or write nSghteen Caini.M ! , In,. i 1 Liilveit Company, 7th & Parker Sts., Berkeley, 2, Calif. 895 C A I. C O P O U T A li I. K RAIN IVI A Iv E R Distributed by New England To r o Co. DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND U21 WashinBton St.. West Newton — BIGelow 7900 IN 1945 — JL eter A. \. • \^ e k3 CAPE COD CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 Dr. Franklin At Home — Agronomist and Entomologist Assigned to Temporary Part-time Services At the Station It is a pleasure to be able to publish the fact that Dr. Henry J. Franklin is now convalescent, hav- ing returned to his home at East Wareham, Mass., Sunday, Feb. 2.'). after being hospitalized since Jan. 13th. He was suddenly stricken with blood poisoning at that time from an infected foot. He was taken to Tcbey Hospital. AV'are- ham, where his condition was so serious he was on the danger list for several days and, when appar- ently recovering, suffered a re- lapse and was taken to Baker Me- morial hospital for further spec- ialized treatment on February 8. It was some days there before his condition was improved. He is now on the road to recovery, al- though such a serious il'ness will necessitate extended rest before he can return to his duties. Dr. Fred J. Sievers, director of Experiment Station, Massachusetts State College, announces that Dr. William G. Colby, agronomist, and William B. Becker, entomologist of the station staff, have been made available for part-time duties at the Experiment Station at East Wareham, until such time as Dr. Franklin is able to resume his work. Dr. Sievers states the Col- lege does not intend to let the cranberry sub-station remain with- out adequate provision during Dr. Franklin's convalescence and these men will be on call, and on duty at East Wareham from time to time. Both, however, will continue to have their headquarters at Am- herst. Dr. Colby has previously worked on cranberry fertilizers, and there is hope that a permanent agron- omist will be assigned to the East Wareham Station. The project is one that has been urged by the cranberry advisory committee, as previously reported. In fact, this need of Massachusetts growers for an agronomist is recognized and provision for the salary of such a man is contained in the salary budget for the College and is now before the State Legislature for WATER WHITE KEROSENE for CRANBERRY WEED CONTROL VOLTA OIL COMPANY Texaco Petroleum Prot^ucts Distributor HAROLD VOLTA 35 Main St. Plymouth, Mass. Tel. Plymouth 840 Nineteen consideration. If the additional funds are allowed, Dr. Sievers says a permanent agronomist to assist Dr. Franklin will be assigned. Dr. Colby was at the East Ware- ham station for a meeting Febru- ary 24th and was introduced to some of the growers by Joseph Kelley, and will be at the station from time to time. Dr. Becker will be available upon call for need in his field of entomology. to West Coast cranberry interests, Her first contribution was a sub- hopes to start a "Cranberry Li- scription for the libi^ary to CRAN- brary" at the Bandon city library. BERRIES. CRANBERRY SCOOPS and SCREENINGS M. L. Urann gave his first broad- cast of 1945 on February 2d over the same stations as usual (WNBH, New Bedford and WOCB, Cape Cod), growers having report- ed to him they found these talks very informative. He is now broadcasting from the library on the top fioor of CCFs Hanson of- fice, a transmitter having been set up to permit these ta.ks direct from Canners' headquarters. Mrs. Ethel Kranick, always elert To do your part in meeting this year's food produc- tion goal — USE ELECTRICITY But use it with efficiency and economically. Remem- ber, Electricity is a vital "weapon of war." None must be wasted. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Ti'l. 1300 m^OM LARGEST INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTORS CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Serving the Cranberry Industry For Over 25 Years Growers who sell their berires through Beaton's Distributing Agency are given the assurance that their berries will be sold at top market prices whether they are sold on the fresh fruit market or for processing. WE MAKE IT A PRACTICE TO REMIT RETURNS PROMPTLY. We advise growers to place their orders for Insecticides, Fertilizers, and Shipping Containers NOW to insure delivery in time to properly take care of this season's crop. BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Wareham. Massachusetts M. C. BEATON Q. T. BEATON Twenty "G. I. JOE" KNOWS Where your RED CROSS Money Goes The American Red Cross is making the most im- portant and urgent appeal for funds in its history. After three years of war, the work of this organi- zation is greater than ever — for it must serve millions of our fighting men, on two world fronts. Lonely men, homesick men, wounded men as well as our prisoners of war. We Humbly Devote This Space To Urging Your Support of and Contributions to RED CROSS MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, INC. DAN D. CONWAY, Pres. Eatmor Cranberries CO-OP QUOTES -^ :x "Through the building of cooperative organizations farm people can conduct their own business, effect substantial savings, and protect themselves from exploitation. But the movement requires initiative and driving force from the membership. Members of co- operative associations have a real responsi- bility in that regard." NEW ENGLAND CRANBERRY SALES CO. V 9 Station Street MIDDLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS "The Fresh Cranberry Cooperative" APE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CRANBERRIES PHOTO \pril, 1945 'JOE" KELLEY, Technical Assistant to Dr. Franklin in Massachusetts 25 cents For Effective Destruction of ROOT GRUB use Distributed in Massachusetts by Cranberry Canners Inc. SOLVAY SALES CORPORATION 45 Milk Street Boston 9, Mass. ■ Field Meeting Mass. Blueberry Growers Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Grow- ers' Association held a field meeting March 20th at the blueberry plantation of Ernest Maxim of Middleboro at Lakeville. About 30 were present. At a business meeting held indoors there it was voted that the name of the associ ^ tion re- main unchanged, and plans were made for a sum- mer meeting July 10 or 17, at about the time the crop starts to ripen. This will be at the Experi- ment Station at East Wareham. Mr. Maxim had an interesting display of equipment. Prof. John Bailey of Mass. State College of Amherst gave a talk upon "Blueberry Stunt", warning growers to watch for its appearance. This is the blueberry disease, as yet little under- stood, which holds great possible c'anger for the industry. He also conducted a demonstration of blueberry bush pruning in the absence of Dr. Thies, who was unable to be present. President of the association is J. Foxcroft Carleton of East Sandwich, and Mrs. Mabelle Kelley of East Wareham is secretary-treasurer, Spring Calls To Us Again But it is not a call to play — this grim spring of 1945. The call we hear is one to intensify our efforts to win the victory now so definitely closer. Spring 1945 may bring V-E day, but the task of putting the world's house in order is a long way from finished. There are many people of the earth who must be fed, there is our enemy across the Pacific. There are many things to be made right. Spring, 1945 is not yet the time to relax and play. Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Then — and Now.... A grower-member said to us the other day: "We've gone a long way in 15 years." It set us thinking. It was 15 years ago that CCI was organized. You growers who own CCI have gone a long way since then. Here are just a few of the many benefits which you have brought to the cranberry industry in 15 years: National Cooperation among Growers in all States. 8 Plants devoted to Cooperative Processing and Freezing. New Outlets for Cranberries: Juice, Marmalade, Cran, De- hydrated Cranberries. Steadily increasing prices for Processed Cranberries. Ail-Year Sales for Cranberry Products. Freezing to Save Shrinkage and Loss. Weight Payment for Processed Berries. Pool Purchases of Spray Materials at substantial savings. Spraying and Dusting Service for Members. Improved methods of Reclaiming Floats. All these benefits the cranberry industry did not have 15 years ago. Cooperation has taken us a long way in 15 years. Increasing cooperation will take us even farther in the next 15 years. CRANBERRY CANNERS, Inc. The Growers' Cooperative Canning Company Hanson, Mass. Onset, Mass. Plymouth, Mass. Dennis, Mass. Coquille, Oregon New Egypt, N. J. North Chicago, III. No. Harwich, Mass. Markham, Wash. Bordentown, N. J. Gurnee, 111. Long Beach, Wash. SERVING THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY ADAMS & BEAN CO. E. T. Cault Lumber Dealers "Everything Under Cover" East Wareham, Mass. Cape & Vineyard Electric Company Transportation Co. Wareham, Mass. Tel. 227 Tel. Wareham 648 OfBces : Chatham Falmouth Hyannis Vineyard Haven We are ready to give you any kind of cranberry bog construction service. Shovel — bulldozer — trucking — stump pulling — excavating — draghauling — canal and ditch digging. We have Sand, Loam and Gravel We Transport Cranberries Building Material for Bog, Screenhouse and Home Uses Paints - Hardware Marinette & Menominee Box Co. Established 1848 Hall & Cole Incorporated Wood County Nationa Marinette, Wisconsin BOXES, BOX SHOOKS, CRATING WIREBOUND BOXES AND CRATES Commission Merchants and Jobbers 94 Faneuil Hall Market 102 M & M's 64th Year BOSTON, MASS. Bank APPLES AND CRANBERRIES SPECIALTIES Wisconsin Rapids, Serving the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Wisconsin MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION Car Lot Receivers CRANBERRY CREDIT The COLLEY CORPORATION Nationa Bank CRANBERRY CO. of Wareham PLYMOUTH, MASS. Organized to be of Financial Service to Cranberry Growers DISTRIBUTORS OF Cape Cod Wareham, Mass. Cranberries HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT fNSURANCE CORPORATION SUITS--US BRAND DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS QUALITY and SERVICE —That's Us— Mathews Conveyor Track - RID ~ POISON IVY SPRAY HARDIE SPRAYERS ROOT DUSTERS INSECTICIDES, CHEMICALS HOSE, RODS, GUNS Frost Insecticide Go, Box 36 rlington 74 Mass. Contact Us Massachusetts Native White Pine Used for Cranberry Boxes F. H. COLE Established 1707 Manufacturer of iVooden Boxes and Shocks North Carver, Mass. Tel. 46-5 Tine PLYMOUTH NATIONAL BANK Plymouth Massachusetts MASSACHUSETTS Call WAREHAM 162 S. C. M. Packard & Go. Hardware — Locksmiths For Maintenance Supplies Diesel Bulldozer E. C. HOWES WEST WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. Wareham 405-W-2 Experienced in Bog Work NIAGARA SPRAYER and CHEMICAL CO., Inc. Middleport, N. Y. Manufacturers of Lead Arsenate, Rotenone Products, as well as a full line of dusting machinery. Complete line of Insecticides, both for dusting and spraying. Middleborough Trust Company Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Serving Western Cranberry Growers with High Quality Products Rotenone Pyrethrum Sabadilla Nicotine Copper Sprays Oil Sprays Lime Sulphur Solution Miller Products Company Portland 1, Oregon RAIN BIRD SPRINKLERS Pioneers in Cranberry Frost Protection and Irrigation Data from Rain Bird Sprinlder Mtg, Co, (Jlendora, Calif. L. R. helson Mtg. bo. Peoria. 111. Oregon — Washington R. M. WADE OREGON CULVERT & PIPE Portland, Oregon CROP-SAVER brand INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES For the Cranberry Grower CROP-SAVER CHEMICAL COMPANY, Inc. 2(i30 West Arthington St. Chicago 12, Illinois GHIPMAN INSECTICIDES and WEED KILLERS Pacific Acreage Continues to Grow, Mr. Urann Reports for Cranberry Growers Hi-Test Lead Arsenate Has unexcelled guaranteed con- tent of not less than 32.50' r ar- senic pentoxide and not more than 0.35'^ water soluble arsenic. This is your assurance of maximum killing power plus greater safety to fruit and foliage. Alorco Cryolite Very effective fluorine insecticide with extremely fine particles. Makes a good dust or spray for control of fruit worms. P— C— H Dust A new organic contact insecticide. Has proved effective against many agricultural insects for which py- rethrum has been used. Leaves no poisonous residue. Cubor (Rotenone) Dusts High quality assures good, dust- ability, uniform coverage, and maximum killing power. Available in strengths of .60' f and .75<7f rotenone. Berako (Rotenone) Liquid A water miscible spray, contain- ing extracted rotenone plus wet- ting and penetrating agent. Dry Sodium Arsenate Used in cranberry weed control. Dry Sodium Arsenite This powerful arsenical is recom- menced as a spray to kill ditch weeds. It is readily soluble in watei'. Atlacide Weed Killer The safer chlorate weed killer. Famous for its dependable control of both perennial and annual weeds. Kills weed roots. May be applied as a spray or in dry form. Write for information CHIPMAN CHEMICAL GO. Bound Brook, N. J. Returning from Coast, CCI President Says Enthusi- asm Continues High. Returning from his trip to the Pacific Northwest Cranberry areas, M. L. Urann reports that feeling among the growers in general of Washington and Oregon continues very optimistic. Most of the grow- ers there are extending their acre- age, but this is continuing to be done at a modest rate, most grow- ers planting no more additional acreage than they can care for themselves. At Gray'and, Washington, many new growers are being attracted to the region and are building bog, but because of the extreme labor shortage on the Coast each man is building only half an acre or a sin- gle acre each year. He says there are now about 370 acres in produc- tion at Grayland, producing about 25,000 barrels. There are about 3,000 more acres which may be put in in the Grayland district. At Bandon, Southern Oregon, where the biggest boom is in pro- gress, there are now about 100 acres in full production and the 1944 crop there was 8,500 barrels, of which CCI handled 4,000 barrels, most of the rest being marketed by the independent Coos Cranberry Cooperative. Increase in production there is .steady, he says, but is coming along at such a comparatively modest rate that it wi'l have no adverse effect upon marketing con- GROSSMAN'S A HALF CENTURY OF SERVICE Building Materials Paints Hardware Tel. New Bedford 5-7438 27 Ashley Boulevard ditions. He reported $20 per 100 pounds of berries for processing by Cran- berry Canners had been returned to the growers of the Pacific Coast and they were "delighted" with this return, as it was more than they expected, particularly in view of the fact there is at least a $5.00 differential there between the cost of harvesting and packing for the fresh market and for the canning market. While in the West he completed plans for the freezer which will be built in Markham (near Grayland) on the site of the plant which was destroyed by fire, so that when this plant is rebuilt the freezer will be near it. There will be difficulties in obtaining materials and equipment, but he said CCI would try to have the freezer ready for next fall's crop. He said the freezer at Long Beach, Washing- ton, for that cranberry area, which has a capacity for 6,000 barrels is leased for other products when not in cranberry use and is now filled with blackberries, for which CCI is receiving a rental of $250 a month. M. L. Urann, with Jacobson, Buys Bog Land at Grayland M. L. Urann has further proven his faith in Pacific. Coast cran- bei'ry prospects by purchasing 160 acres of cranberry land at Gray- land, Washington, in conjunction with W. S. Jacobson, general man- ager of Cranberry Canners on the West Coast. Urann-Jacobson plan to pant 10 acres as soon as suf- ficient labor is again available and the rest is to be held to be sold in five and ten acre tracts to pro- spective growers. This means that Mr. Urann will have a bog at each of the ends of the Pacific cranberry area, as the bog of the Cape Blanco Company, near Bandon in South- ern Oregon is now being complet- ed. ROBERT LENARI Real Estator Reed Avenue - - Manomet, Mass. Tel. Manomet 44-R Specializing in the Purchase and Sale of Cranberry Properties Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction ALFRED PAPPI WAREHAM, MASS. Tsl. 626 Issue of April, 1945 — Vol. it, No. 12 Publiahed monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $2.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1879. FRESH FROM THE FIELDS By C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS ^Winter Ice Injury — The heavy covering of ice and frozen snow which had been over bop:s all win- ter long since December began to disappear early in March. As this covering had been thicker, often had snow on top and had extended for so much longer a time than us- ual, some growers had feared vines may have been effected by lack of sufficient oxygen, but little cou'd be told as to whether there had been adverse effects or not until the winter flood was gotten off. On the many bogs on which the flood was expected to be taken off April first, the first indication of injury (if any) will begin to show up about the middle of this month in leaf-drop. Whether there was any effect upon the buds cannot be determined until later. Growers in general, and Joe Kelley of the State Bog, are inclined to be'ieve there has not been much general damage from this ice factor, as many bogs went into the winter flood in good condition. Others are a little more anxious. At least one grower repoi-ts that pickerel, many of them 22 inches in length, have been found dead in the reservoir, presumably from lack of oxygen, which would not be a good indi- cation. llSpring Water Supply Good — Water supplies for spring frosts in general are good, as the winter brought so much snow and many heavy rains. It is considered there should be no fi'ost injury due to shortage of supply on bogs which noima ly have adequate protection. While most ponds and reservoirs have well recovered from their lows of the long drought, the level on some others, however, is still below normal high. lIBIueberry Prospects Not Good — Blueberry prospects, at "east in Southeastern Massachusetts, have been very hard hit in the opinion of Joe Kelley, after a survey of growers. This is due to the "black (Continued on Page 15) 'THANK YOU," FROM DR. FRANKLIN I wish here to thank my friends who sent me cards and other re- membrances during my recent illness, and especially the four Cranberry Clubs for their cheering appreciation and presents. Such encouragement was a real help in a time of need. HENRY J. FRANKLIN East Wareham. Mass. SURVEY REPORTS IN APRIL The survey of Cranberry Can- n<"rs. Inc., the AnT^rican Cranberry Exchange and of the cranberry in- f'ustry in whole, which has been in progress bv B002, Allen & Hamil- ton. 285 Madison avenue. New York, the industrial survey firm re- auested to make this survev by CCI and the Exchange, will be ready to be reported in April. This survey is in three parts: one which concerns CCI wil be report- ed to the directors of Canners on the afternoon of April 23; another, concerning the Exchange, will be r°norted to the dii'ectors of the Ex- change at their annual meeting in New York on the morning of Ap- ril 23rd; and a thiixl, taking in the whole industry, copies of which will be given to a joint meeting of the Boards on the 24th. This comprehensive survey, vol- untarily imposed upon itself by the cranberry industry, was voted for by ^he directors and then the stock- holders of CCI at the annual meet- ing last June. A survey commit- tee, consisting of Charles L. Lewis of Wisconsin, Isaac Harrison of New Jersey. Robert Handy of Mas- sachusetts, and M. L. Urann, pres- ident ex-officio, was named. Later the directors of the Ex- chanee voted that Booz, Al'en & Hamilton should be employed to "make a complete survey of its ac- tivities concurrently wnth the sur- vey being made of Cranberry Canners. Inc." with the understand- ino- the survey should include not only the two cooperatives but the entire industry. The vote of Can- ners was that the committee "ar- i-ange for, and conduct a survey of the affairs of the corporation (CCI), including but not limited to an appraisal of its physical assets, a study of its products and by- products, operating efficiency of plants, and any other activities, cither current or potential, with fu 1 authority to act." Representatives of the company talked with growers in Massachu- setts, New Jersey and Wisconsin, with brokers and buyers, and made a study of plants and company per- sonnel for a period of several months during the late summer, fall and winter. No indication of what the reports contain is given out in advance, but it is certain to be a voluminous one. ARMY DEHYDRATION ORDER Government requirements for de- hydrated cranberries for use by the armed forces, along with other dehydrated fruits and vegetables for the fiscal year starting July 1. have been estimated as a minimum of 1.788,000 pounds, which would require about 178.800 barrels of cranl orries. Cranberry Canners is now discussing the matter of this contract with officials of the Army Procurement Division to determine if no smaller amount can fu'fill i-e- ruiremmts of the armed foi'ces. Mr. Urann says that the Govern- (Continued on Page 16) Five Joint Meeting Cape Cranberry Assn and Clubs Fine Affair The big joint meeting sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association and in cooperation with the cranberry clubs of Plymouth and Barnstable Counties was made a part of Massachusetts cranberry history March 27th, when nearly 400 were present at the Buzzards Bay USO building for the afternoon meeting, turkey supper, evening address by Dr. Hugh P. Baker, president of Massachusetts State College, and the dancing- which followed. "Never a dull moment" could be truly said of this well-balanced program — important ta'ks, good supper, intervals for fraternizing, dancing. Homer L. Gibbs, presi- dent CCCGA, Russell Makepeace, chairman cranberry advisory com- mittee, were co-chairmen; Ray- mond P. Morse, president South- eastern club; George E. Short, president South Shore club; James W. Freeman, president Upper Cape club; G. Everett Howes, president LoAver Cape club; J. Richard Beattie, associate Plymouth County Agent; and Bertram Tomlinson, Barnstable County Agent, were those responsible for its success, with Russell Makepeace, in partic- ular, taking most active charge and making arrangements. Highlights were: Dr. Baker's ad- dress, he highly praising the cran- berry industry, saying he fe't it should have, through the Experi- ment Station, moi"e help from the College, saying he trusted the State legislature would make a full- time agronomist possible, an ento- mologist to assist Dr. Franklin would be highly desirable, and also an agricu'tural engineer should be available, at least part time; the announcement "hot off the press", by E. Clyde McGrew of American Cranberry Exchange that an in- crease in pyrethrum had been granted and also the cranberry industry had been allocated 20,000 pounds of rotenone, the first rote- none in several years; the assur- ance and good encouragement of C. D. Stevens, chief agricultural sta- tistician N. E. Crop Reporting Ser- vice, that inore accurate crop esti- mates can be provided and esti- mates of Plymouth and Barnstable counties sepai-ated; the singing of four-year-old "Billy" Letteney of South Yarmouth, nephew of Peter A. LeSage, who literacy "stopped the show" at the dancing with four songs, "Don't Fence Me In", "Fuz- zy-Wuzzy", "My Dreams Are Get- ting Better", and "You're a Grand Old Flag", a remarkably fine act. The affair was opened with a business meeting of the Associa- tion, which was host to the four clubs and guests. Reports were read, and Ti'easurer Carleton D. Hammond, Jr., who is also chair- Six man of the frost committee (Dr. Franklin, Chester Vose and him- self) urged the few delinquents to get in their frost assessments, as most were already paid up. He moved, and it was voted that mem- bers of CCCGA in the armed forces be continued as members in good standing of the association and that a list of members of the as- sociation in service should be com- piled. These were pertinent mat- ters which had not been brought before the association before. C. D. Stevens C. D. Stevens said the sieed of the growers was not for "rnore ac- curate crop reports", but lor "ac- curate reports", and that he Avould be p'eased to work with the cran- berry growers toward this result. As one step toward this, he said a new list of cranberry growers was needed. The lasi: one was that of 1934, and there had been many changes since then. Of 421 grow- ers on his list who give him esti- mates to use in preparing his of- ficial estimate only 94 had bolhered to report last year. Plymouth and Barnstable counties should be di- vided, he said, and this could prob- ably be worked out (although not for this year), although consider- able difficulties are invo'ved, par- ticularly as some large '.- growers have acreage in both counties. An immediate important step was the acceptance of the crop estimating committee and the ten- tative naming of reporters in each town to act as chairtiien in getting in accurate and prompt ostinif.tes from their particular area, as Avell as estimates for the state as a whole. This will lay er..phasis UDon these reporters getting in es- timates of their own crops and of their own neighborhoods. The re- port of this survey committee in full, names of chairmen in each area, and a table of estimates and final historical record, prepared by Mr. Stevens are given on page 7. This statistical record shows that it is in abnormal years, when the crop has far exceeded highest esti- mates or fallen below lowest gen- eral belief, as happened last year, that there has been the greatest deviation from estimates. This matter of "accurate estimates", be- cause of the work already done in cooperation with Mr. Stevens, holds out considerable promise of betterment. Following this part of the pro- gram, Russel" Makepeace took over for the general meeting. He in- troduced the club presidents, all present with the exception of Ray- mond Morse (who had been called away for jury duty). He said the purpose of the meeting was to re- vive and make bigger the annual spring meetings of the association which had gone by the board since the war, and to bring to a conclu- sion the work begun by the various clubs at the meetings during the winter. He hoped a similar big joint March meeting could be held each year. He asked for a rising expression of appreciation to Dr. Franklin, who was "missing" from the meet- ing, as he is away convalescing for a month. Carleton I. Pickett Makepeace introduced Car'eton I. Pickett, organization director, Massachusetts Farm Bureau, who gave a straightforward, interesting talk on why cranberry growers should join and support the farm bureau. He said he himself had picked cranberries when he was seven, had worked on bogs during his high school vacations, and that cranberries, through vacation work, had paid his tuition through two years of college, so he knew some- thing about cranberries and the problems of the growers. "I know the cranberry growers have gone a remarkably long way in sound organization, but I say you have need of the Farm Bureau. This is the day of organization. The day of the little fellow, standing alone, has gone by. He cannot make his voice heard unless he is organized. There are 400-500 commodity groups, such as cranberry grow- ers in the country, but none of these alone is big enough to do a job." He asserted that the Farm Bu- reau is for free enterprise and the profit system, and the current "turns to the left" are not popular with the farmers of the country. "The influence of organized labor is an established fact and it is in the saddle today. We who grow food and fibre must not fail to make our voices heard." He told how Farm Bureau had aided cran- berry growers in the box situation and in having the "disaster clause" written into OPA rules and this had raised the price of cranberries six cents a pound last year. Thei'e are now about 100 growers who are members of the Farm Bureau and its total membership is nearly 1,000,000. It is important and al- ways active in national legislation, he concluded. Roy E. Mosher Roy E. Mosher, Massachusetts State Coref>:e, now acting State Farm Labor Director, spoke of the three possibilities open to Massa- chusetts growers for seasonal and harvest laboi'. As concerned Ja- maicans, he said, 142 will airive in Plymouth County about the first of April and these will be allocated for use (as previously planned and reported) through the Plymouth County Extension Service, Asso. Agent Beattie and special 'abor as- sistant Frank T. White of Brockton in charge. Massachusetts grow- ers have been assured of 200 more, to arrive about the first of Sep- tember for the harvest. There was a good possibility that growers within 30 to 35 miles of Camp Edwaixls could get prisonei's of war if they desired them. This area limit, which would take in all cf Barnstable county and consider- able of the cranberry area of Ply- mouth, is fixed, he said, by the rul- ing that the prisoners must not be away from their stockade longer than 12 hours any one day. Cer- tification for this labor must be made with some recognized farm body, such as Cranberry Canners, the N. E. Sales, or possibly the CCCGA, as the government, in let- ting out prisoners, will not deal with the individual. All money paid goes directly to the Govern- ment and the prisoners are paid 80 cents a day minimum in camp scrip. Mr. White said prevailing wage for general bog work has been set at 60 cents per hour this year, and probably SI. 00 an hour minimum for harvesting. Prof. Mosher said there were admittedly some difficult angles to P. of W. labor, but it could, he expected, be a source of supply. The third source was an inten- sive campaign to recruit local la- bor, such as young people, women, and others, and this might prove the most valuable source of all for smaller growers. In any choice made by the individual growers, or groups of growers, he said his of- fice will be glad to give any and all assistance possible. Insecticides Russell Makepeace, reporting for Insecticide committee, said he or Ferris C. Waite had kept the grow- ers up to date in cub meetings, and had but little new to report on insecticides in general, but that he would give the floor over to Mr. McGrew, who had some fine news to report on additional pyrethium and an allotment of rotenone. Mr. McGrew said the office of the Exchange is being used by WFA and WPB as a sort of "clearing house" for insecticide allotment matters for the whole cranberry industry, and the previous after- noon at five o'clock he had received a telegram from Dr. Hamilton of WFA that an additional 40,000 pounds of pyrethrum for aV cran- bei-ry areas would probably be gi-anted by WPB, and an allotment of 20,000 "pounds of rotenone made. The allotment of pyrethrum is in addition to the 65,000 pounds al- ready allotted the industry. "The allotments were not absolutely iMomised", Mr. McGrew said, "but I have every confidence in what Pi' Hamilton told me." The i)i-evious aMotment of pyreth- ! um is now in the hands of the ni'ocessor (to be used in Stimtox A to augment it by activation) and the new allotments would be pre- pared as soon as received. He said he thought all allotments r-ould be divided among the several cranberry areas to do the most good. Makepeace said these new allotments gave the cranberry in- dustry greatly improved prospects, making the insecticide picture very good indeed and not too far below normal. Makepeace also reported on the progress of the request to have Dr. Chester E. Cross released from army service. A brief recess and then cran- berry movies, compiled, edited, and "narrated" by Bertram Tomlinson, foTowed. These were full color and very interesting, emphasizing the advancements being made in the use of modern machinery and equipment. Dinner, served shortly after 5.30, proved to be turkey, ample in quantity, and well served by Aud- 1-ev L. Coon, New Bedford Public Market caterer. About 390 dinner tickets had been sold and nearly 350 collected, making it one of the largest dinner groups ever assem- bled in the cranberry industry. At the evening meeting, Presi- dent Gibbs introduced Dr. Baker, PS a man who had done a great deal for the cranberry industry through his position as president of Massachusetts State College. Dr. Baker Dr. Baker, paying tribute to the soundness of the cranberry indus- try and to its apparent good fu- ture, said he was surprised the growers had not made more "de- mands" upon the coTege. "We have been waiting for these de- mands", he said. "Two months ago you made them." He then said he trusted the legislature in April or May would pass the col- lege budget which included funds for the employment of a full-time agronomist at the East Wareliam sub-station. "I hope you can have an additional entomologist to as- sist Dr. Franklin, and you should have an agricultural engineer to be avai'able for your needs." He re- lated how Dr. Gunness had worked upon cranberry problems from time to time, but he said the sound- ness and growth of the Massachu- setts cranberry industry justified fullest possible support from the State College and Experimental College. He outlined the history of Mas- sachusetts State College, telling of its founding as one of the 62 "land "rant co'leges" in the country, fol- lowing the act of Congress in 1862. He told of the work of the college and of the part it played in the war, and that he expected a greater burden would be laid on it with demobilization. He touched on Government controls, and ex- pected they would be lessened, but not abolished entirely after the war. Our present economy must have some control, he said, and he urged cooperation and organiza- tion. He urged caution and good judgment in the operation of co- operatives, however, and warned against any possible infringements against anti-trust laws. Congressman Giffoi'd was called unon to speak. C. H. Barrows of Boston, who is building a bog in M'ddlespx county, said he had ob- served Dr. Franklin using his val- uable time figuring correlations, and he had a calculating machine which he hoped would be made available to him. He said he had enlisted the help of Mr. Urann of Cranberrv Canners to raise the sum of S750 to pay for this ma- chine, which he had on exhibition in the hall. Dancing to Pioppi's orchestra followed, and as little "BiFy" Let- ten'^y lived up to his growing repu- tation as the "hottest little singer on Cape Cod", so did this big joint meeting as a whole live up to its advance billing as one of the finest, most instructive and enjoyable meetings ever he'd in the cran- berry industry. Estimating Report Report of the Crop Estimate committee told how, on Feb. 5, Prpsident Gibbs appointed a com- mittee consisting of Chester Vose, Francis J. Butler and Melville C. Boston, to confer with Mr. Stevens and determine what could be done to improve crop estimates. The pf^mmittee organized Feb. 23d with Mr. Vose chairman and Mr. Butler fecretary. and an appointment was made with Mr. Stevens. On March 1. after an all-day meeting at Bos- ton with Mr. Stevens, the follow- ing recommendations were made: (1). A revision of Mr. Stevens' present mailing list should be made. This could be accomplished by Mr. Stevens submitting his present list to the association, and the president of the association could delegate a committee in each town to make the proper revisions Years 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 * an t August October 1 November 1 December Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate 350 340 300 205 290 290 320 359 300 300 280 400 385 385 420 42B 430 380 370 325 325 375 385 395 395 395 382 380 380 440 445 450 450 360 360 360 360 380 390 425 470 335 295 290 290 370 370 370 360 400 410 475 485 370 300 300 300 425 450 465 465 340 340 325 325 430 485 510 510 490 490 525 525 495 495 485 485 230J 165 160 160 -Estimates for early years did not include allowances for truck movement d local use which were added to estimate after the enumeration of 1934. ■Based on all information secured to date. •Reduced to 205,000 barrels as of September 1. isands of Barrels Estimate after current check up of crop movement* Historical record of cranberry production- 366 395 280 309 189 208 300 337 410 451 305 339 429 447 430 438 370 385 335 348 400 421 370 395 450 460 370 415 507 506 290 290 346 346 565 565 325 325 490 490 332 332 500 500 560 572 485 485 ?nd additions. This revised list should ahow the names and ad- dresses of the owners of all tlie acreag'e that is located in each t^own and not the names and ad- dresses of the growers residing in pach town. Any duplications would be taken care of in Mr. Stevens' office. (2). When estimates are sub- mitted to Mr. Stevens, the counties should be separated. (SK An educational program should be conducted to impress the gr-wers with the importance and advantages of this service. It was suggested to Mr. Stevens that he stress this point in his remarks at this meeting and it was also suggpsted that the president of the association request our county ag- ents to assign this subject to speakers at the cranberry c^ub meetings. (4^. It was recommended that the committee in each town act as liaison officers during the year be- tween Mr. Stevens and the growers. On March 8, the committee met with the president. Mr. Gibbs, and i-eviewed with him the above rec- ommendations in support of which it suggested the adoption of the following resolution: Whereas, We are now subiect to Eight "■overnment price regulation, and Whereas. The estimate of the crop of 1944 was not as accurate «« usual, and Whereas. It is imperative that some action be taken to improve the estimate and thereby assure more intelligent planning for the disposition of the crop in rela- tion to materials, transportation and prices, therefore be it Resolved, That the President of the Cape Cod Cranberrry Grow- prs Association appoint a com- mittee of three in each town to I'pvise the mailing list of the New England Crop Reporting Service and act, during the year, as Maison officers between the of- fice of the New England Crop Reporting Service and the grow- ers. Said committees to be in- structed to work with and under direct supervision of the New England Crop Reporting Service. Crop pstimating reporters ap- '^ointed by President Gibbs are: Plvmouth County, Mattapoisett, Raymond E. Winslow; Rochester, Georfre E. Cowen; Wareham. Rus- ser Makepeace; Lakeville, Joseph Turner: Middleboro, Walter Hel- een; South Carver, Carroll Grif- fith; North Carver, Theo Thomas; Plymouth, George Crowell; King- ston, Russell Loring; Plympton, Stanley Gorham; Halifax-Pem- broke, Edgar Pratt; Duxbury-Is- land Creek, George Short; Scituate, Mrs. Lincoln; Pembroke, Samuei Drake; Barnstable County, Barn- stable, Bertram Ryder; Bourne, Judge J. Arthur Bakei'; Brewster, R. A. Nevis; Chatham, William H. Nickerson; Dennis, G. Everett Howes; Eastham-Orleans, Elnathan E. Eldredge; Falmouth, Seth Col- lins; Harwich, Carleton Eldredge; Bristol County, Carl 11 ig, Jr, Frank Cranston, Nahum Morse. APRIL MEETINGS "Golden Jubilee" for Grow- ers' Cranberry Company of New Jersey, the 18th Growers' Cranberry Company, oldest unit from the point of its organization as a cooperatively- selling group, making up one of the three state companies of the Amer- ican Cranberry Exchange, is to ho"d its 50th annual meeting April 17th, with an adjourned "Golden Jubilee" anniversary celebration the 18th. The latter event will be at the Walt Whitman hotel, Cam- den, N. J., beginning at 10 a. m. Speakers will be Dr. Raymond Miller, president of the American Institute of Cooperatives; Dr. Wil- liam H. Martin, dean and directoi of New Jersey Agricultural Sta- tion, and C. M. Chaney, Americar Ci'anberry Exchange. Annual meeting and election ol New England Cranberry Sales Company, always scheduled for the third Thursday in April, falls upon the holiday of the 19th. It will probably be held the 20th, the di- rectors' meeting early in April to decide the date. Cape Clubs Dates of the Cape Cranberry Clubs have been changed from those previous'y scheduled to avoid conflict with meetings in New York. The new schedule is: Upper Cape Club — Bruce hall. Cotuit, Monday, the 16th. Lower Cape Club— Dennis, Wed- nesday, the 18th. Both of these will feature a dis- cussion on the marketing of cran berries, including the marketing of fresh berries as well as processed According to the plans shaping up, Bertram Tomlinson expects these meetings to be among the out- standing of the year. Plymouth County Meeting of the Southeastern club will be at Rochester Grange hall the last Tuesday, the 24th. South Shore the last Thursday, the 26th, probably at Plymouth, although at this time undetermined. 'Joe'' Kelley, Technical Assistant to Dr. Franklin, Knows Most Mass. Cranberry Growers -- Most Bogs His Services, Extending From Almost the Start of the Ex- periment Station, Have Made Him Familiar Figure Over Whole Area. — Is Successful Grower in Own Right. — He and Mrs. Kelley Leaders in Mass, Blueberry Field. By CLARENCE J. HALL The name, "Joe', has commonly come, since the beginning of the war, to mean that rugged individual of "Government Issue", who may be our own brother, son or husband, often referred to as "GI Joe", but to most of the cranberry growers of Massachusetts "Joe" still usually means Joseph L. Kelley, technical assistant to Dr. Franklin at the Massachusetts Experiment Station, East Wareham. And small wonder this is so. Joe Kelley has been on this job, with a couple of exceptions, for the past 32 years, or since 1913. His years of service to the Massachusetts cranberry industry thus dates from but three years after the start of the Massachusetts sub-station. Joe's job is just what his title implies — to assist Dr. Franklin in his work at the Station in any way he can, and in the giving of tech- nical ci'anberry advice and assist- ance to the cranberry growers. "My job is to help out and ease the burden of Dr. Frankln in every way in which I am capable", says Joe, "and this is what I try to do." Naturally, in the long period of years that Joe has been on the job, it has come about that he has met most of the growers of Massachu- setts, as they have come and gone. There are few Massachusetts bogs, from those of the outer Cape in Barnstable County, through Ply- mouth and Bristol counties to the few in Middlesex County beyond Boston, that he has not visited at least once. With many, many Massachusetts bogs he is very fa- miliar through repeated visits over the years of his service. He has also byen on a large majority of the New Jersey bogs and has wide acquaintance among cran- berry men there. He has been called to most of the few New England bogs other than those in Massachusetts. Kelleys Successful in Blueberries Besides his cranberry work for the state, Joe is a successful cran- berry grower on a limited scale in his own right, and unless proof should rise to the contrary, may be given the distinction of being the first man in Massachusetts to pro- pagate the cultivated blueberry. His wife, Mrs. Mabelle Kelley, con- ducts a blueberry plantation of about three acres, with the busi- ness of producing cuttings and plants predominant, and the grow- ing of the fruit for market second- ary. Cuttings and plants from the Kelleys at East Wareham have been sent to many states and to Canada and England. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kelley are Massachusetts authorities upon commercial blue- berry cultivation. Mrs. Mabelle Kelley is the secretary-treasurer of the Massachusetts Blueberry Grow- ers' Association, formed a year ago, and was one of the most active in its formation. Joe's qualifications as a cran- berry expert are those of practical experience and those resu'ting from the teachings of Dr. Frank- lin. Coming to the Station soon after its founding, he has grown in experience and judgment, and un- der the leadership of Dr. Franklin has kept abreast of new develop- ments and advancements. On the rare occasions when Dr. Franklin is unable to be on the job or his work takes him away for any length of time, Joe takes over at the Station. During the recent illness of Dr. Franklin, it was Joe who kept the station functioning. In fact, he was the only one of the workers left there. Dr. Chester E. Cross being in the Army, as is also George Rounsville, the bog fore- man, and Dr. Bergman, now sta- tioned at Beltsvi'le, Maryland, dur- ing the winter. It fell to Joe to hold this inner "fortress" of cran- berry culture. When Dr. Franklin is unable to make and give out the frost warnings, spring and fall, it is Joe who takes the formulas Dr. Franklin has worked out and who originates these vital reports. Joe Came to Station Soon After Founding When Joe first came to the Ex- periment Station cranberry funds were decidedly limited, and he was employed part time for the first four or five years. Since then he has been in the iuV time employ of the state of Massachusetts Agricul- tural College with the exception of about two years, starting in 1936 when he was with the Bureau of Plant Industry, engaged in Dutch Elm disease studies and for a short time when he was in New Jersey engaged in false blossom disease and study of cranberry varieties. This was in September and part of October for four years, about 1928 to 1932. This Dutch Elm disease work took him from Maine to Lou- isiana and while he was in the South his headquarters were at New Orleans. He was engaged in field work, helping to determine how the disease started and to trace its spread. As Dr. Franklin's assistant, Joe has to be available practically 365 days of the year. Sundays and holidays mean nothing to cran- berry growing and the usual holi- days have been little regarded by Dr. Franklin and Joe — not when a problem is pressing and a grower meets an emergency and needs as- sistance. A grower frequently urgently requests some advice about an insect and this need may just as well arise on a holiday or Sunday as on any other day. Frosts in season occur just as frequently upon such days. During this busi- est season, which is from about April first until picking is ended, Joe wV\ average from ten to fifteen calls a day, these calls being from seven in the morning until any time in the evening. Some advice and assistance he can give by tele- phone. For many calls it is neces- sary that he visit the bog to de- termine just what the situation is. During the remainder of the year he has some time that he may call his own. While Joe doesn't much fancy himself as a public speaker (al- though his audiences think him a far better speaker than he does himself) he now and then has to give talks on various cranberry subjects. For instance, at winter and spring cranberry club meetings recently he had to "pinch-hit" for Dr. Franklin, doing a very credit- able job. He has broadcast over the radio on cranberries and held blueberry field meetings at the sta- tion. In spite of this, he feels his work is best as a practical cran- berry and blueberry man and not as lecturer. Joe was boi'n in East Wareham Nov. 10, 1889, but spent much of his boyhood in Plymouth, Massa- chusetts, attending school there. After some years his father, Jos- Nin* CRANBERRIES PHOTO MRS. MABELLE KELLEY eph E. Kelley, returned to Ware- ham, bringing his family back with him, and in 1913 Joe was given work as foreman at the station, being first under Carl B. Urann, who was then chief bog chairman. Joe's father was later bog foreman at the Station, also. Assisted Dr. Franklin with State Bog Assistant Kelley has helped Di. Frankhn operate the 12 acres of bog at the station, and has done his stint of watching and flooding the State Bog on frosty nights. This has been one angle of his work, whi e the main feature, at least for some years now, has been in the nature of extension service on "technical" matters to the grow- ers. "I do whatever I can to save the time of Dr. Franklin", he says. "When growers call up or come to the station for assistance and ad- vice and I can give it, I go instead of Dr. Franklin. I fill in and help out everywhere I can." And over the period of the years many grow- ers have come to find Kelley's as- sistance very valuable, indeed. "When do you find time to take care of your own bogs?" was a very logical question to ask of Joe. And his answer is: "I don't. Not the way I would like to." He says he simp'y cannot spare the time to give his own bogs the attention they should be given. Cranberry Grower in Own Right Yet Joe owns about ten acres of cranberry bog, and somehow, de- spite lack of time, he manages to produce crops which average about 50 barrels to the acre. Which shows that in spite of his handicap of lack of time, Joe in his own right as a cranberry grower rates among the better Massachusetts producers. On one two-acre piece he has averaged 100 barrels per acre since it came into maturity, Joe wasn't able to become a bog owner until about a dozen years ago. He says he first thought it his duty to reserve his money to- ward sending his daughter to col- lege if she wanted to go. She did, and today Elizabeth (Betty) is a graduate of Bates college, where she met her husband, Jasper Ba- lano of Staten Island, N. Y., who is an engineer for Merritt, Chap- man & Scott, mai'ine salvage en- gineers of New London, Conn. He has been second in charge of rais- ing war sunken vesses, assisting at the raising of the Normandie, the greatest salvage job of all time. Mr. and Mrs. Balano and son. Jay Moulton, are currently making their home with the Kel- leys, as Mr. Balano's work makes his place of residence unsettled. Two of the four bogs that Joe owns he bought already built, these being one of three acres on Route 28 in South Middleboro, known as a "Beaton" bog and also sometimes as the "Si'verberg" bog, and the "Peterson" bog of 6^/^ acres at East Wareham. Two, of two acres each, he owns with his sister, Louise, and built himself. These are both near his home on Tyler avenue at East Wareham. He calls one the "Watts" bog and the other the "Hammond", both so called because of the previous own- ers of the properties. Both these, he says, he built exactly as he be- lieved a good cranberry bog should be built and he spared no expense in their construction. 100 Bbls. Per Acre on One Bog It is the thickly-vined "Watts" bog which is the two-acre piece which has averaged the 100 barrels to the acre. The "Hammond" bog, constructed at about the same time, is one of the few Massachusetts (Continued on Page 14) AGRICO FOR CRANBERRIES We recommend Agrico for Cranberries, 5-8-7 Fertilizer this spring Dealers at Carver, Middleboro, Wareham, Plymouth and throughout the entire Cape THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY North Weymouth, Mass. Telephone Weymouth 2640 Ten READY WITH YOUR 1945 SPRAY MATERIALS CCI's 1945 Insecticide Pool for Massachusetts members is ready with a good stock of high-quality, approved insecticides for cranberry bogs. The Cranberry Experiment Station is consulted about all new sprays which are offered in order to make available to members only those materials which have the approval of the cranberry experts. The quality of various materials is also carefully exam- ined to make certain that growers get the best materials available. In addition to the following, one or two other materials are under consideration, about which information will be released later. Arsenate of Lead. Black Leaf No. 40 Calcium Chlorice Casein Copper Sulphate (Both Crystals and Snow) Cryolite Dry Lime and Sulphur Wettable Sulphur Dupont Weed Killer (Ammonium Sulfamate) Ferric Sulphate Iron Sulphate Fertilizer 5-87 Fertilizer 7-7-7 Fi=h Oil Soap Nitrate of Soda Pyrethrum (To be allotted) Paradichlorobenzene Sabadilla Sodium Arsenate Sodium Arsenite Liquid Sodium Arsenite Solium Chlorate Sodium Cyanide Sodium Silico Fluoride Spray Lime Stimtox 5% Dividend Paid on 1944 Pool Purchases CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC INSECTICIDE POOL FERRIS C. WAITE, Manager Stocks at Hanson . . Onset . . Plymouth Harwich • — — • - • \'^ * <«v,rfi»N» TIME TO "STEP UP" OUR EFFORTS Spring Is Here Once More Few of us have been hibernating like the bear — there has been too much for all of us to do in these most crucial of times. But, as with the bear, spring* is the time for us to step up our activities. Victory in Europe may soon be our reward, but that does not end the need for our utmost efforts. Most of us know pretty well what we can do to help the war effort, work, con- serve, buy U. S. bonds, contribute to Red Cross, and other worthy causes. With spring "step up" our efforts all along the line. WE HAVE FAITH IN AMERICA AND IN THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY. Tbis is tbe 35tb of a series of war-time messages sponsored by the following public- spirited firms and individuals. Slocum-Cibbs Cranberry Co. RUEL S. GIBBS, Gen. Mgr, Jesse A. Holmes & Son Sawmills at Carver, Mass. Tel. Carver 10-3 Fuller-Hammond Co. Onset, Mass. ROBT. C. HAMMOND Decas Cranberry Company Growers and Shippers of CAPE COD CRANBERRIES Wareham, Mass. Waterville Cranberry Co. FLETCHER CLARK, Pres. HOMER L. GIBBS, Mgr. Wareham, Mass. Acushnet Saw Mills Co. New Bedford, Mass. GOOD WOOD BOXES Est. 1865 L. B. R. BARKER Buzzards Bay Mass. H. R. BAILEY CO. South Carver, Mass. ELLIS D. ATWOOD South Carver, Mass. fiditMals ISSUE OF APRIL, 1945 Vol. 11 No. 12 It^i '^^,Q»H(MMKMrHAit^^ "THE FUTURE LOOKS GOOD" THE Future Looks Good", is the leading line of the American Cranberry Ex- change ad on the back cover of this month's issue. We like the forthright statement in this ad, prepared by one of the leading advertising agencies in the country. Not only does this jibe with our own opinion for the future of cranberries, but seeming- ly with majority opinion within the indus- try. "Prospects for '45 are even better" than for the years from '41 to '44 when huge demand exceeded supply, continues the ad. This may (or may not) be in- tended to limit this prophecy to this single coming year and if so, we would not agree. We can see no insurmountable reason to prevent the present prosperous times from continuing for the next several years. Particularly would this be so, we think, if more industry leaders were to assert this is their belief. The long dammed-up de- mand for "everything" should provide plenty of jobs in the immediate post-war era if we do not allow ourselves to be talked into fear. There may not be "60,- 000,000 jobs", but there should be enough to keep national income at a high level. We have acquired better eating habits during the war; more folks have eaten cranberries than ever before — those who never were able to have semi-luxury foods before. They have learned to like them. Does anybody believe wage rates in this country are going to drastically drop im- mediately after the war? Most of us must think, whether everybody likes it or not, that w^ages are never going back to where they were. Relief and the feeding of the hungry people in the liberated coun- tries will be continued into the peace, for the first few years anyway. If it should be thought domestic demand for cranber- ries would fall off below production we have a potential world outlet for cran- CRANBERRIES - WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Subscription $2.50 per year Advertising rates upon application Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL LEMUEL C. HALL Associate Editor CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Washington-Oregon J. D. CROWLEY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. ETHEL M. KRANICK Bandon, Oregon Massachusetts DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham. Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT, Acting Chief. New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station, Pemberton, New Jersey berries, canned and dehydrated. There need be no depression — unless we bungle ourselves into it. Our capacity to produce everything, including cranber- ries, is going up. To have industry talk and plan continued good times, and not the "inevitable" depression following wars, is one of the surest ways to bring a good future about. Our Government should be leading us in this. CRANBERRY SCOOPS and SCREENINGS It is understood that Dr. Neil E. Stevens, (Dept. of Botany, Univer- sity of Illinois), may spend the summer on the Cape. Dr. Stevens has not been on the Cape for the past three years or so, although he has spent recent summer vaca- tions in cranberry work in Wis- consin. Alert Miss Ellen Stillman of CCI, after several trips to the West Coast in which she observed the crops produced by the aid of sprinkler systems, this spring hopes to be able to install half a dozen or so heads on her personal bog of 16 acres at Hanson. This would be on an entirely experi- mental scale this year, and will place her in the forefront of those in Massachusetts to try out spi'inklers. (Continued on Page 19) Tbktepp "Joe" Kelley (Continued from Page 10) bogs damaged by the hurricane and sa t wat^r flood of 1938, and from this the bog has not yet recovered. It was just coming into full bearing at the time, so as yet has had no chance to show wkrt it will do. Joe planted Early Blacks, which variety he also uses for replanting, believing it to be the best of the present varieties for Massachu- setts bogs along the coast because of its bearing qualities, its flavor, its partial resistance to false blos- som disease, and because of the decreasing price differential to late Howes. As for Mr. Kelley's work in blue- berries there seems to be no dis- pute that he was the first to begin propagating the cultivated blues in Massachusetts not long after the development began in New Jersey. His interest in blueberries dates We Have Listings of Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small FOR SALE Geo. A. Cole Agency WILDA HANEY Decas Block Wareham, Massachusetts AniEHsTi/l er "■ TH E MOST COMPLETE LIME OF TILLAGE EQUIPMENT N THE WORLD CA MCITIES 14 IN TO "* ' FT CUTTING WIDTHS ARIENS CO. BOX 508 BRILLION WIS back 17 years, from April 1928, and stemmed from his work at the Ex- perimentation Station where Dr. Franklin had set out an experi- mental plot. Joe and Mrs. Kelley set near their home about 500 cut- tings, these including Rubels, Pioneers and Cabots from New Jersey. They continued to expand until they have had as high as 45 to 50,000 cuttings and plants, their stock this past winter being only about 5,000, as sales were heavy last year. The Kelleys have been an infor- mation center and "rallying point" for blueberries and a stimulation to others to become interested in this pursuit. When it became evident last year the time had come to form a Massachusetts blueberry association, Mrs. Kelley was the "ogical choice for secretary-treas- urer. If anyone wants to know anything about blueberry cultiva- tion in Massachusetts, the Kelleys are one certain contact they make. Mrs. Kelley, besides her blue- berry work, is officially associated with the East Wareham Experi- ment Station as secretary. She does the secretarial work for Dr. Franklin and other such work as comes up there. Joe and Mrs. Kel- ley also record weather data and compile this information. In the srmmer a record is made at the Station, and in the winter at the Keley home which is only a short air-line distance away. As both a cranberry and a blue- berry grower of long experience Joe is in a good position to make comparisons between the two crops — if comparisons can or should be made. Joe does not consider them 5|Q PROTECT THIS YEAR'S PROMISE FOR A PROFITABLE CRANBERRY CROP Use Black Leaf 40 in accordance with state recommendations for the control of Spittle Insect Blackheaded Fireworm Blunt-Nosed Leafhopper Red-Striped Fireworm TOBACCO BY-PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL CORP. Incorporated LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY competitive and knows both can be advantageously grown under con- ditions favorable to each. As a successful producer of both, Joe is inclined to favor the cran- berry as a crop for Massachusetts, "everything else being equal." But conditions are not often "eq- ual", and Joe can think of many with good locations who might profitably grow blueberries who are not so situated as to grow cran- berries. As for the cost of getting started in either blueberries or cranberries and the continuing costs of good management, Joe says that, probab'y contrary to general impression, it is not a great deal cheaper to "get going" com- mercially in blueberries than it is in cranberries. Both I'equire the proper locations, a lot of study and knowledge, and then a lot of close attention and work. Blueberries a Good Crop Blueberries as a side summer cash crop for ci'anberry growers are desirable in Joe's opinion if the QTower has suitable location for b'ueberries and if he goes at it with proper understanding and at- titude. A cranberry grower should not over-extend himself in blue- berries, Joe feels, but should keep his holdings of each in proper bal- ance, not sacrificing money, at- tention and effort from one to the other. For those who hope to go into blueberry cultivation alone, he says there is wide opportunity in Southeastern Massachusetts There is a good deal of acreage, if pro- perly selected and prepared and cared for, to produce profitable blueberry crops. B'ueberries can be grown on small scale, as a side line, for home consumption, as a hobby, without large investment. Although Joe feels that perhaps in years past considerable land has been planted to cranberries which could better have been set out to blueberries, he does not, in general, advise the tux-ning of al- ready made bog into blueberry sites, even though the bog is not a high producer. He feels the in- vestment as a cranberry property has been made and the property should be kept as cranberry pro perty, even though a very consid erable cranberry acreage in New Jersey has been turned into blue berry plantation with apparent good advantage. Of course Joe might be said to be prejudiced, but he does say it is his honest opinion that the two best crops for Massachusetts ai-e cranberries and blueberries. He is well pleased that he is estab- lished in both. Now that April is here, Joe's hardest work time and "troubles" are about to begin. Fpurteen Fresh from the Fields (Continued from Page 5) fiiLZt'" of last May, the long-con- tinued dry weather of last fall and the September hurricane. These tlii'ee causes together have "done a job" on the outlook in many in- stances; what one advei'se factor (li(! not g:et one of the others did. 1'liere are exceptions, and the com- bined injury was probably less on the Cape proper than in Plymouth County, but the outlook now seems for very small production. WISCONSIN ^(ioldworthy Thinks Vines Win- tered Well — Ice was goinj? off the marshes in mid-March, and the vines, which Vernon Goldsworthy had noticed beg'inning- to show above the flood, look very well. Although these vines showing are a very sma'l per cent, Goldsworthy from this evidence and knowledge of general conditions, is of the opinion that Wisconsin vines in general came through the winter in very good shape, in spite of un- usually heavy winter snows. Every- body, he reports, will have plenty of water for the spring frost per- iod. TIBeavers — Growers are getting together information concerning beaver damage to the marshes, and were to hold a meeting of in- terested growers to assemble this. President William J. Thiele of the State Growers' Association is in- terested in obtaining legislation which wi'l help the growers to con- tiol beavers on their properties. If sufncient damage is reported, it is planned to go ahead and try to get the necessary state permission THOMAS BROTHERS General Contractors MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tel. Midcleboro 772 Concrete Flumes and Pumpwells Transit Mix Concrete Complete Line of Construction Equipment Excavating - Grading - Hauling Leave the Tough Jobs for Us Our Experience is Your Guarantee BBDBOI ^^7l,eout to ruin Insects are oui your cranberry crop Krvocide is the NATURAL GREEN- LAND CRYOLITE Insecticide. Cryolite is what agricultural authorities recommend for use against cranberry weevils, gypsy moth caterpillars, fruit- worms, cranberry blossom worms, false armyworms — chewing pests that damage your cranberry crops. You'll find Krvocide safe, effective, inexpensive too. For the most effective use of Kryocide against insects that bother your cranberries, consult your local experiment station. Kryocide for spraying comes in 4 lb. and 50 lb. bags ... at your dealer. Get vour supplv of this jtroved Insecticide NO\^ . Agricultural Chemicals Division PENNSYLVANIA5AIT MAN u/fa/c TURING C o/m P A N Y ffk^ ^^T- 1000 WIDENER BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA 7, PA. N^wYork • Chicogo • St. Louis • Pittsburgh • Cincinnati • Minnoapolij •Wyandotte Tocoma DISTRIBUTED BY THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONN. Fifteep A WORD TO THE WISE- MACHINERY FOR 1945 PROSPECTS of giving you satisfactory service this season ARE GOOD — if you will place your orders well in advance of actual needs. We will try our utmost, but you will be doing yourself a good turn, as well as us, if you will not delay in letting us know your requirements immediately. They will be filled in the order placed. THE QUOTA allowed is the same as for 1944. BUT PRESENT ORDERS have already taken up a good percentage of the quota. Long term deliveries of materials and shortage of labor necessitate planning well ahead. HAYDEN SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING CO. E. C. St. Jacques WAREHAM, MASS. to obtain some adequate form of control. It is hoped a plan similar to the ruling the growers were able to get on muskrats, which allows a cranberry grower in Wisconsin to trap muskrats throughout the entire year and sell the pelts, may be obtained. TINew Type Weed Killer— H. F. Bain is to try the new type of Hormone weed killers this grow- ing season. Sales Company hopes to get a supply of Weedone on this experimental basis. These new types of "selective" weed killers are now receiving considerable publicity and are believed to have a very definite place in the control of some of the cranberry weeds. !IBean Sprayers — Wisconsin Cran- berry Sales expects to receive in April a large quota of the big John Bean Mfg. Company power spray- ers, and fee's it was extremely fortunate in being assigned such a large allotment, which the Bean Company tells Wisconsin is the best allotment obtained by anybody in the United States. HBennett Better— A. E. Bennett, president of Wisconsin Cranberry Sale.s Company, who has been in a hospital for some time, was ex- pected to be returned home short- ly, as he is considerably improved. NEW JERSEY TlWinter Oxygen Deficiency? — Some apprehension, similar in reasoning to that in Massachusetts, is felt in New Jersey over the possibbility of more winter injury than usual, due to lack of oxygen under winter ice. Growers there, as in Massachusetts, are becoming more conscious of the importance of oxygen in this winter flood, and Dr. Bergman's visit to some Jer- sey properties last fall added to this interest. Some of the grow- ers dropped their ice toward the end of January, one as early as January 11th. As further precau- tion some growers made the orig- inal winter flood considerably more shallow than usual. TfSeason Seems Ahead — Tenta- tive indications are that plant and insect development at the end of March seemed about three weeks ahead of normal. OREGON Tflnsect Study — George Jenkins, Coos County Extension agent, hopes to have Oregon State ento- mologist come down from the State College in April to visit the cran- berry marshes, and, it is hoped, confer with D. J. Crowley of the Washington State cranberry sta- tion, to develop a program for spe- cific information for the growers for insect control in the Oregon area. Army Dehydration (Continued from Page 5) ment officials are sympathetic to- ward the necessity of supplying as much of the civilian demand as can be supplied as long as the armed forces are adequately taken care of. This year, to aid in obtaining the amount of berries the govern- ment needs, a committee has been appointed for three cranberry areas, Russell Makepeace in Mass- achusetts, Theodore Budd in New Jersey, Albert Hedler in Wiscon- sin, these men to choose their own assistants. West Coast last year supplied its quota. Last year the Government order was first set at 150,000 barrels, lowered to 100,000 when the crop disaster became ap- parent, and 53,166 barrels were actually dehydrated. Exchange Again Sold Members' Crop Without Penny Lost The American Cranberry Ex- change is able to report that it went through the 1944 marketing season again without a penny lost in shipments of its members due to bad accounts. The total Ex- change volume for the season was more than four million dollars, and the marketing was aM done in a very short period of time, hanging up an achievement of which it is proud. Practically all Exchange berries were shipped by December first and were all paid for and the State companies had their money for everything shipped the early part of December. MORE MARMALADE Another order for the straight orange marmalade which is being packed for the army by CCI has been received, this being for 15,000 cases of No. 2 cans. This brings the total order for orange marma- lade, according to Mr. Urann, up to 11,000,000 pounds, and about 80 cars of oranges from Arizona have now been used. The processing for this marmalade is being done at the Hanson and Onset plants in Massachusetts and in New Jersey and the Chicago plant, K R Y O C I D E The Natural Cryolite Insecticide MAY BE USED AS A SPRAY OR DUST HUBBARD KRYOCIDE DUST Contains 50% Kryocide Thoroughly Mixed - Ready to Use HUBBARD PYRETHRUM DUST Limited Supply Only Orders Filled in Rotation as Received HUBBARD FAMOUS FERTILIZERS New England Favorites since 1878 • FOR SALE BY John J. Beaton Co. Wareham John Hinckley & Son Co. Hyannis C. H. Bryant Wareham Victor Leeman West Barnstable Buzzards Bay Grain Co. ..Buzzards Bay B. C. Shaw Middleboro George A. Cowen Rochester John F. Shields Osterville Cranberry Canners, Inc. Onset Shurtleff Hardware Co. ...Middleboro MANUEL A. SOUZA General Agent Telephone Marion 236 Manufactured and Distributed by THE ROGERS & HUBBARD COMPANY PORTLAND, CONNECTICUT Established in 1878 LESAGE BUYS THE HILLS BROS. BOGS Peter A. LeSage of Yarmouth on the Cape has added to his bog hold- ings by buying the bog properties of the Hills Bros. Company of New York, along Marion road, Ware- ham, Mass. There are 41 acres of planted bog, with opportunity to put in a great deal more acreage along the Weweantit river. DR. FRANKLIN AWAY FOR REST Dr. Henry J. Franklin is at present at a rest hotel at Danville, New York, having left East Ware- ham March 21. He plans to be JARI POWER SCYTHE Cuts weeds, grass, brush Write for details New Engtan^ Toro Co. i New England TorO Co. . DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND I DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND 1121 Washinetdn St.. West Newton — BIGelow 7900 ■ 1121 Washinetort St.. West Newton — BIGelow 7900 Caico Rainmaker Portable Steel Pipe Buckner Sprinklers Overhead Irrigation Jari Power Scythe 36" Sickle Mower Milorganife Organic 6% Nitrogen Fertilizer gone until about April 20th, get- ting back in time for the start of the frost season. His recovery to- ward his usual good health has been steady since his release from the hospital in Boston. SfmR IRRlGAliOH f With LESS VIAJtR A Model For Every Pressure For Farm, Orchard or Truck Garden. Easily tiitd quickly irtounted on any irrigation pipe. Heavy duty brass and bronxe construction for long service. Sand and dirt proof. Wa- ter lubricated hearings— no oil or grease re> quired. No f^ moving parts to rapidly wear out. Mt^num coverage— even distri- bution. Write for litetatu/e and prices. N«w England Toro Co. DISTRIBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND 1121 Washinctoi) St., West Ncwlon — BIGelow 7D00 BUCKNER MANUFACTURING CO. 1615 Blackstone Ave., Fresno, California BUCKNER SPRINKLERS OVERHEAD SPRINKLING orotects blossoms from frost By placing a protective shower of water on cranberries when frost threatened, overhead irrigation saved crops when adjacent, unsprinkled bogs were completely wiped out. The CaIco Rainmaker consists of portable steel pipes equipped with risers. Pipe couplings operate with one, quick motion and provide a tight, leakproof joint. The Rainmaker System permits full utilization of a limited water supply; it can be used to irrigate soil too rough or porous to handle by any other means; it may be operated effectively by inexperienced persons. For complete details ask your Rainmaker dealer or write Eighteen California Corrugated Culvert Company, 7th & Parker Sts., Berkeley, 2, Calif. 895 C A I. C' O P O K T .X B L 1^ RAIN M A Iv E R Distributed by New England Toro Co. DISTniBUTORS FOR NEW ENGLAND 1121 Washington .St., West Newton — BIGelow 7900 BUY BONDS, 7th War Loan Soon Starting jTeter xA. • X-ie 1^ CAPE COD CRANBERRIES age PLYMOUTH Tel. 740 Peter A. LeSage Distributor of Cape Cod Cranberries YARMOUTH Tel. Barnstable 107 ^Pennsylvania Salt ?^lans Manufacture ommercial DDT The Pennsylvania Salt Manufac- uring- Company, chemical manu- "actui-er, Philadelphia, Pa., an- lounces that it has completed the nstallation of facilities for the nanufacture on commercial scale )f DDT (dichloro-diphenl-trichlo- •oethane). Production has already )egmi, all of the output for the Dresent being taken by the govern- nent for the use of the Army and Navy. The Company states that as soon as military requirements permit and the WPB approves, it will be in a position to supply DDT for preferred civilian uses. Massachusetts and New Jersey, in 1944. Fermate is the fungicide in which Dr. Wilcox and Dr. Bergman have great hopes, particularly for the often bad rot situation in New Jersey. The ciix-ular is for sale by the Supt. of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington 25, D. C, price 5 cents. Scoops are in progress. These are not campaigns for season-to-season control, but actual extermination, and. so permanent "freedom." En- tomologists believe such hopes for the future are not too extravagant to entertain. Photos of Roy Potter and screening equipment of the Potter & Son Cranberry Company at Wis- consin Rapids, Wis., are shown in Fermate Circular A new circular (No. 723) has iust been issued by the United States Dept. Agriculture, Washing- ton, "The Control of Cranberry Fruit Rots by Spraying", by R. B. Wi'cox, associate pathologist, and H. F. Bergman, senior pathologist, in cooperation with New Jersey and Massachusetts Agricultural Experimentt Stations. Circular deals with the use of the new fun- gicide "Fermate", in comparison with Bordeaux in experiments in (Continued from Page la) Ethel Kranick of Bandon, Ore- gon, has a two-page article, illus- trated with photographs in the March issue of "Agriculture Bul- letin", published quarterly by the Oregon Department of Agriculture, at Salem, Oregon. This is under the title "Fascination and Profit in Growing Cranberries." A cranberry picking scene is also included, in a combination photo on the cover of this official state publication. If all we are promised in this "bright new world" after the war comes true what a wonderful world it is going to be. Now we read of the possibility of still another "freedom", that of the freec.om from destructive insects. Cam- l)aigns against the Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida, the Mexican fruit flv in the Pacific Northwest WATER WHITE KEROSENE for CRANBERRY WEED CONTROL VOLTA OIL COMPANY Texaco Petroleum Procucts Distributor HAROLD VOLTA 35 Main St. Plymouth. Mass. Tel. Plvmouth 840 Nineteen the March issue of "Cooperative Digest." These were sent in to the "Co-op Forum" department of that publication for cooperatives by Vernon Goldsworthy. ITConjectural — From "Weather in Cranbei-ry Culture", page 88: "Mean temperatures of March. Trere was a high correlation be- tween the temperature of March and cranberry size, the apparent chances being 7 to 1 that cranber- ries will be large after a March mean temperature above 38 de- grees at Middleboro, and 8 to 1 that they will be small after this temperature has been below 34 de- grees. March is normally the month in which the ice disappears from the winter flood of the cran- berry bogs in southeastern Massa- chusetts and the time of its leav- ing depends on the prevailing tem- peratures. It appears from cor- relations that the earlier the ice is melted the larger the cranberries are likely to be." The mean for March, as recorded at the pumping station of the Mid- dleboro water works, was 44.26. BRIDGING THE GAP Agriculturists must successfully bridge the gap between wartime and peace. Efficient methods of production will be one of the means by which this may be done. Electricity may be used in many ways in produc- ing and preparing cranberries for market. Electricity is efficient. The economical, wise use of electricity can aid in bridging the period ahead — when peace comes, as it has aided in the war years. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. 1300 For the control of Cranberry Weevil and Fruit Worm STAUFFER KNAPSACK DUSTER Easy to Fill Easy to Operate Easy to Carry Easy to Repair For all Dry Dusting Magnetic Natural Cryolite is an effective fluorine insecticide available in sufficient quantities to meet your pest control requirements. This natural cryolite has high toxicity and contains at least 90% sodium fluoaluminate. There is no shortage of "Magnetic" Natural Cry- olite, and we invite cranberry growers in all sections to write to our nearest office for complete information. The Stauffer Knapsack Duster is the newest de- velopment in dusting equipment an easily operated, portable all-purpose duster. The duster is attached to the back with wide shoulder straps and the padded back rest makes it fit comfortably, leaving both hands free for efficient operation. A lever on the right side easily operates the bellows, screen and flow of dust. It will handle every type of dry insecticide and fungi- cide. Available through your dealer or Write our nearest office STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO. 420 Lexin8;ton Ave., New York 17, N. Y. 221 North LaSalle Street, Chicago 1, Illinois 636 California Street, San Francisco 8, California BONDS THE SEVENTH WAR LOAN IS JUST AHEAD OF US IN THIS, AMERICANS MUST BUY MORE BONDS THAN WE HAVE EVER BOUGHT IN ANY PREVIOUS ONE OUR ARMED FORCES HAVE POURED OUT THEIR MIGHT ON FIGHTING FRONTS ALL OVER THE WORLD. IN THIS MIGHTY 7TH V/E MUST POUR OUT OUR MIGHT. BONDS BOUGHT FROM APRIL 9TH WILL COUNT. WE CANNOT DO LESS THAN OUR FIGHTERS ARE DOING— WE MUST ACHIEVE OUR GOALS, AS THEY HAVE THEIRS. We humbly contribute this space to urge the achievement of the quota in this issue. MIN-OT FOOD PACKERS, Inc. BRIDGETON, N. J. DAN D. CONWAY. Pres. The Future Looks Good '41 through '44 were years of huge demand for Eatmor Cranberries — far in excess of supply. Prospects for '45 are even better. When you market your crop under the brand name EATMOR, you share the advantages of a fast-moving commodity . . . stabilized values . . . lessened market risks . . . quick returns. American Cranberry Exchange JUL'