nDDnnDnDDDnDDanDDDnDDnDnDDDDnaDD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D a D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY D D D D D D D D n D D D D D D □ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D __^^^^^^^^^^^— .^^^__^^_ D D D D D D D nnDDDnnnnnDnDDaaDDDDanDDDDDDDDDD RVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY APE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA WISCONSIN'S VERNON GOLDSWORTHY (ri^ht) with Ralph^^S^onpson Story page 7. (CRANBERRIES Photo; 30 Cents MAY 1958 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS i Worcester Paper Box Corporation! MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays 1 J Get the right product for every pest problem Use = L ORCHARD BRAND lii^ r ... the first choice of Commercial Growers SENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL & DYE CORP 40 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. WE DO- " CRANBERRY PR NUNC" OF ALL KINDS Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Courier Print Sliop Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 WAREHAM, MASS. TEL. 27 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. AMES IRRIGATION SYSTEMS RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS PRIZER APPUCATORS FOR FERTILIZERS & INSECTICIDES The Charles W. Harris Company 26 Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boss and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Aycr, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. YOUR BEES-NESS IS IVIY BUSINESS RENTAL OF BEES $6.50 PER COLONY John Van de Poele West Abington, Mass. TRiangle 7-2656-R Tank Truck Service & High - Pressure Spraying WATER WHITE KEROSENE TEL. UNION 6-331 1 HEATING OILS BOTTLED GAS •^INCOF CARVER i COLEMAN HEATING AND AIR CONDITION- ING TAKE ADVANTAGE of the BETTER things of life. The efficient USE OF ELECTRICITY is one of these better things — efficient use in power for cran- berry bog operations, and in the home. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH TEL. 200 TEL 1300 One New Motion ?n Berry Suit A motion was filed in May 7 Federal District Court, Boston, in a suit by Morris April Brothers of Bridgeton, N.J., to have Mau- rice B. Makepeace substituted for the late John C. Makepeace as a defendant in a monopoly suit. Mr. Makepeace is executor of the John C Makepeace estate. Na- tional Cranberry Association is a ma^'n defendent in the April suit which was filed in July 1956. CAPE CLUBS ELECT 1958 OFFICERS Officers of Massachusetts Cran- beri'y clubs elected at final meet- ings were: Upper Cape, presi- dent, Victor F. Adams, Osterville; vice-president, F. Maynard Gif- ford, Osterville; secretary-treas- urer Alvan Crocker, Forestdale; Attentioii Growers!! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene "GRADE A" metered trucks STODDARD SOLVENT SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. Tel. 93-J Lower Cape, president, Ernest Crowell, Dennis; secretary-treas- urer, George Nickerson, Chatham. South Shore, president Louis Sherman, Plymouth; vice-presi- dent, Alvin Reid, Hanson; secre- tary-treasurer. Earl R i c k e r; Southeastern; Oscar Norton, Ro- chester; vice-president, Howard Hiller; secretary-treasurer, Gil- bert T. Beaton, Wareham. Cranberries AdverlEsmg Pays Big Dividends yOLTA OIL CO. Distributor of the Famous TEXACO WATER WHITE KEROSENE For your Bog STODDORD SOLVENT Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R Plymouth, Mass. Rte. 44 Samoset St. Touraine Paints Hardware SANDVIK SCYTHES (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNION 6-4580 Carver, Mass. WATER WHITE KEROSENE STODDARD SOLVENT (METERED TRUCKS) Petroleum Sales & Service, Inc. 234 water street Plymouth, Mass. tzl. pilgrim 61 1 1 J. W. Hurley Co. • COAL e NEW ENGLAND COKE « FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE"" For BOGS (IvIKTERED TRUCKS) 24-hour Fuel Oil Service Telephone 24-2 341 Main St. WAREHAM Thorough Pollination Is Good Crop Insurance Let Our Honey Bees Do It For You MERRIMACK VALLEY APIARIES, INC. Formerly BLUE HILL APIARIES 47 Pond Street Bilierica, Mass. Phone -Montrose 3-3079 SS H ■ B IS a ■.■iii.Hli: ■!!''■ B Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist 29.73 Inches of Rain A record of 11.06 inches of rain- fall was recorded in April by George Rounsville. This figure exceeds by over 3 inches any pre- vious total for April and was easily the second wettest month since 1887, topped only by a tre- mendous 13.69 inches measured for September 1933. This infor- mation was gleaned from Dr. Franklin's bulletin No. 433 en- titled "Weather and Water as Factors in Cranberry Production". Growers will note that the rain- fall information found on page 30 of this publication is given in terms of the averages for Middle- boro, Plymouth and Hyannis. In- cidentally, 29.73 inches of rain- fall has been measured at our sta- tion from January 1 through May 15, leaving a balance of only 14.68 inches necessary to reach the year- ly average of 44.31 inches. Fungicides Called For Temperatures for the month averaged approximately IVz" per day above normal. Apparently, our season is following a trend of relatively warm and wet weather. Such a pattern does not favor good keeping quality. It would peem at this time (May 15) that fungicide treatments will be need- on many bogs (both "early and late water") if all marketing agencies are to be assured of a good supply of sound fruit. Frost Season Normal Frost activity has been about normal with 8 general warnings being released by mid-May, com- pared with 7 in 1957, 1 in 1956, and none in 1955. These include both the afternoon and evening warnings. The coldest night dur- ing this period occurred May 2 when temperatures dropped to 16° on one bog while tempera- tures of 18-20° were common on the cooler than average bogs. Damage apparently has been neg- ligible. Before leaving the sub- ject of frosts, we would like to urge growers who subscribe to the frost warning service sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association to have their frost forms and pencils near their telephones. A careful check with our telephone distributors indi- cates that the new system is re- quiring a little more time to send out the message due to the time lost on the part of some growers in getting properly organized for these reports. In general, the new system is well received. Bog Vandalism The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association has appointed a committee to determine if any- thing can be done to curb the wanton vandalism around bog properties. Reports of destruct- ion of buildings, occasional fires, tampering with flumes, and thefts of equipment is almost a daily occurance Damages in terms of the cost involved of repairing of buildings, replacement of equip- ment, and the constant checking of bogs are reaching alarming pro- portions. No estimate is available on damage to the crop because of the tampering of flumes, result- ing in the loss of water for frost, irrigation and winter protection purposes, or flooding bogs at crit- ical stages in their development. The committee mentioned above met recently with Sheriff Donald P. TuUock of Barnstable County to ask his counsel and advice. Sev- eral approaches to the problem were discussed. It is obvious that there is no quick or easy solution. There was agreement that a strong educational program was needed to point out the serious- HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL DUSTINS AND SPRAYINS NORWOOD, MASS. j RAY MORSE, Agent Tel. Wareham 1553 | tttiu^^iiM^^Hii— ■^iiH'^— iiii^^iiti^^iiii^^uii^a-iiii-a>-iiii^^iiii<^— iiii^**riii^>— iiii^^iiii— ^iiii<^— iin^^nri^— •iiti^>— iJii^->riii*»iiii^^irii^^i)ii^— ii«{* Three ness of the problem and its effect on our industry. Organized groups, such as the P. T. A., scouts, churches and other organizations, should be contacted and their co- operation requested. The press could perform a real service by printing special articles dealing with the seriousness of the situ- ation. However, in order to be effective, the educational approach would have to be supported by strict law enforcement. With this thought in mind, the Southeastern Massachusetts Police Chiefs' As- sociation was addressed May 14 by a member of this committee and its advise, support were re- quested. It was apparent that local authorities have received very few complaints in many areas. The committee, therefore, strongly urges that all growers report each and every case of vandalism to their local police headquarters. The reasons are obvious. Spring Pests Early spring pests will soon be with us. We are referring to Sparganothis fruitworm, weevils, false armyworms, blossom worms, spanworms, leafhoppers, and fire- worms. If these pests are con- trolled in May and June particu- larly those that have a new or second brood, such as weevils and fireworms, they seldom create a problem later in the season. Upland Work May is a good month to treat brush around the uplands, using one of the brush killers. The low volatile esters of brush kill- ers are reasonably safe for use on shores and uplands for poison ivy, brambles, and woody weeds if greatly diluted — one part in 250 parts of water. Brush killers should not be used with oil on dikes or shores next to the bog at this time of year because of dam- age to the turf. For those who v/ill be using Stoddard Solvent af- ter "late water", it is strongly suggested that such work be com- pleted within 5 days after the flood has been withdrawn and within 8 days if kerosene is to be used. Less damage will occur to vines if these treatments are made when temperatures are be- low 65°. FSRST MASS. SPRING CRANBERRY CLINICS First cranberry clinics of the season were held in Massachusetts May 27 and 28. Plymouth County groups met at NCA warehouse Hanson in the afternoon and at State Bog in early evening. Features of the latter meeting were demonstrations of a new low-gallonagae sprayer develop- ed by the Station staff and of a newly-installed irrigation system on an acre of the bog. In the set- uo plastic pipe was laid under- ground, with only the risers and spray nozzles to disturb normal bog operations. Second day meetings were at A. D. Makepeace Company screen- bouse, West Barnstable and NCA screenhouse. North Harwich. At all sessions there was discussion of early spring insects and weeds and their control and uses of fertilizers. MORE CRANBERRY AID FROM U. OF WISCONSIN Wisconsin growers are receiving increasing active assistance in rranberry growing from the Un- iversity of Wisconsin. Dr. Mal- colm N. Dana and Dr. Roberts are working on weed problems. Professors Albert and Corey in- vestigation nutrition. Professor Weckel and his group on utiliza- tion of the crop; Professors Boone and Mitchell of the Plant Pathology Department are iniat- ing a program on disease con- trol, and it is possible Professor Wright in entomology will also start some work. Cranberry Show At Tabor Library A cranberry exhibit at the new Tabor Academy library in Marion, Mass. has been arousing much in- terest. It was set up through the cooperation of Miss Phyllis Spra- gue, librarian, and a group from Cranberry Experim^t Station, East Wareham, Dr. F. B. Chandler contributed a number of cranberry barrel and box labels,, many of these old and now curiosities. He also display- ed new labels. Dr. Bert Zucker- man, pathologist at the Station placed some cultures in the show and Prof. William E. Tomlinson, entomologist, a display of cran- berry insects. FARM WITH CRANBERRY INCOME 177 acre farm, 7 acres of cranberries. Ideal expansion possibilities. Ample water sup- ply. Modern buildings. Write for details and pictures. Carl Jensen, W^arrens, Route 1, Wis- consin. R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Four Issue of May 1958 - Vol. 23 No. 1 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.00 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-oflfice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS April Breaks All Rain Records All local rain records were shattered for April — or any other month — when that 30'-day period ended for 1958. A total of 11.06 inches was recorded at Cranberry Station, East Wareham. April precipitation normally is 3.85 inches. A severe storm the last week of the month added 2.75 inches to the score. A search of records at the Sta- tion failed to show any very near approach to this record. There was a total of 7.34 inches in April of 1940 and 7.75 inches in 1933, previous high April record. Total precipitation m some win- ter months, which would include snow, had reached the 9-inch mark. Month of greatest rain previously was May 1901 with 8.58. The first four months of 1958 brought a grand total of 29.67 inches which is well over half of a normal year's precipitation which is 44.31. Warmer Than Normal April was a month warmer than normal by about 45 degrees, or approximately a degree and a half a day. Dr. Cross, director of the Sta- tion, stated that so much rain and the warmth was not conducive to a quality crop, although good for quantity. Bogs looked very good, with a bud for plenty of set. Vines were vigorous and there was a happy lack of leafdrop. Full reservoirs almost assured ample frost protection for bogs which could be flowed. Through April and into the first of May, bogs had not advanced rapidly and were keeping "well behind the frost hazard." First Frost The first frost warning of the season went out on April 26th. Afternoon forecast was for 18 degrees, evening 15 to 16. How- ever, there was some wind and cloud and lowest points reached were 18-19. Most bogs were put under and there was probably no damage. Another warning went out a week later, with forecast for 19-20, both afternoon and evening. The temperature did drop to be- tween 17 and 22 and there was a general, heavy, white frost. This included the Cape proper and all the cranberry area. Checks by workers at the State Bog later failed to find any appreciable damage. NEW JERSEY April Normal In Temperature Despite some dry and balmy weather throughout the middle portion of the month, April aver- aged out just about normal in temperature but considerably wet- ter than normal. The average temjperature was 52.7° P., about LIBERTY DUSTS formulated especially for AIRCRAFT APPLICATION are available on the Cape from R. C. MOSSMAN Horticultural Sales 30 South Main Street West Bridgewater, Massachusetts Tel. JUniper 3-9112 Residence: 131 Centre Ave. Abbington, Mass. Tel. TRiangle 7-4290 representing The HUBBARD-HALL CHEMICAL CO. Waterbury, Connecticut Five .8* warmer than normal. This was achieved by two 80 degree days and 10 in the seventies. Low tem'peratures of concern occurred on the nights of April 26 and 27, when cranberry bog temperatures dropped to the vicinity of 25°. However, no damage was done to the few bugs which were not still under water at this time. Rainfall Heavy The rainfall in April exceeded the normal for the sixth straight month. There was a total of 4.99 inches on 11 rainy days, 1.58 in- ches more than is usually record- ed in this month. Through the first four months of 1958 a total of 23.33 inches of rain occurred. This is 10 inches more than nor- mal fur this period and represents about 54% of the usual annual total. There is a superabundance of water available for spring- frosts. Much Late Holding Most New Jersey cranberry growers as of May 6 still had water on their bogs. Many were holding until May 10. This is a practice being pursued by a great- er number of growers each year. It is the experience of these cranberry men that in the long i-un less frost and insect damage results from this comparatively late holding. will be made up and sent to all southwestern Oregon growers within two from this date from the Coos County Extension office. OREGON Some western Oregon cranberry growers lost sleep for about the last ten nights of April when the temperatures were playing around 29° and sprinkling systems were kept going. It certainly is creat- ing a problem here at the time of the year when the ground should begin to warm up but is still wet and cold due to sprinkling against frost threat. R. G. Rosenstiel, Entomologist, Oregon State College has out- lined a control program for cer- tain cranberry insect pests in the 1958 Oregon Insect Control Hand- book which is on sale at Oregon State College. A circular listing some of the more important of these and their control measures Six WISCONSIN Water Deficient April was slightly above norm- al in both temperature and pre- cipitation on a state wide average. Mean temperature for the month was 46.8 degrees compared to an average of 42.9 degrees. Maxi- mum for the month was 82 de- grees and minimum was eight above. The first three weeks were above normal in tempera- ture and the last week was below normal. Total precipitation was 2.73 inches compared to the aver- age of 2.59 inches. Some areas received above normal precipita- tion, but this was mainly confined to local areas. The May weather outlook is for temperatures ex- pected to average below normal with large fluctuations. Precipi- tition will average above normal. Normal temperature for the month is 55.2 degrees and normal pre- cipitation is 3.52 ins. Deficiencies in precipitation for the year is 2.86 inches. Water tables remain 1.40 feet below normal. Total rainfall to date is 3.79 inches compared to a normal of 6.65 inches. Water Pulled With the early April warm ' weather, most marshes pulled the winter floods off the end of the first week in April. Vines re- mained exposed until the last week in April when temperatures drop- ped very low on the 27th and 28th. Cooler weather the latter part of the month curtailed vine devel- opment and no frost protection was necessary up to the first of May. Frost Service May 1 The Wisconsin Frost Warning Service begin operations on May 1. James George is again in charge of this project, which orig- inates from the U.S. Weather Sta- tion at Truax Field, Madison un- der the overall direction of Mr. Joe Rigney. 150 New Acres Growers were busy in April do- ing combing, pruning and ditch cleaning. Some planting was done the latter part of the month, with most planting scheduled for the first half of May. An estima- ted one hundred fifty acres are expected to be planted in Wis- consin this spring. Fertilizer (Continued On Page 20) DUSTIfliG Aerial Spraying and Dusting also Fertilizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weitbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 From A Study Of Inventory Maps There Came Wisconsin Cranberry Developments The Enterprising Vernon Goldsworthy Opened Up "Sensational" Virgin Northeastern Counties — Now Home Of Cranberry Products, Inc. by Clarence J. Hall When the enterprising Vernon Goldsworthy of Wisconsin studied some inventory maps of Northeastern Wisconsin about a decade ago he started something. This, that he began has groKvn to be not only of importance to the Wisconsin cranberry industry but to the entire cranberry production picture. He opened up vast, virgin cranberry country with almost limitless growing potential. Today his vision is literally bearing fruit, and we might add, "and how!" At the time he conceived the idea he was living at Wisconsin Rapids. He also envisioned the development of new cranberry products, in which he is now heavilly engaged and in opening new sales fields. "Goldie" (CRANBERRIES July 1944) is certainly one of the best known and most active figures in the Wisconsin field and through- out the whole industry. He has been in every growing area; his activities have been frequently covered in this magazine. A ua-; tive Wisconsinite, he has been in- terested in cranberries since 1933. In fact, since he wrote his Univer- sity of Wisconsin thesis on "False Blossom of Cranberries". As a ilong-tiimjs manager of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Comfpany, from 1933 to 1944, he operated when that unit of American Cranberry Exchange was at its peak; he con- stantly traversed all Wisconsin growing areas, at the beck and call of growers day or night. He became a grower himself, opera- ting the Berlin Marsh, near Ber- lin, this property which he re- built being one of the pioneer Wisconsin marshes. After leaving Wisconsin cran- berry Sales Company in 1944, for a time he was manager of a cherry cooperative in upper Wisconsin. Then he returned to get back into cranberry growing at Three Lakes as his Thunder Lake property was beginning to come into product- ion, and to get into processing and distribution of cranberries. He is now located at Eagle River. In the detailed maps of northern Wisconsin, made during the de- pression years of the *30s, Goldy was looking primarilly for four things. He thought he would find what he wanted at the top of Wisconsin. He Found What He Wanted What was the kind of soil shown; was it suitable for cranberries, was the covering growth brown bush or leather leaf as the plant is variously known? Was there sand supply? Was there water available and what was the drain- age? Finally, were there access roads in the northern woods ? He was searching for waste land that could be utilized, land in virgin territory for extension of the cranberry industry — land which could be purcliased econom- ically, economically made into cranberry m|arsh and then be effi- ciently (economically) operated. Studying over a long period of time he found virtually unlimited land which met the reguirements. Cost was from $1.00 to $2.50 per acre. He studied the weather maps for these areas over the past fifty years. He found exactly what he wanted in a numjber of situations. These were mostly in Vilas and Oneida counties. This study opened up the new north- eastern cranberry region. Today seven operators produce about 25,000 barrels annually at "fabulous" Manitowish Waters, which is in Vilas county; five more in Oneida county. Production and acreage are increasing. (The story of Manitowish Waters culti- vation around Little Trout Lake and that of the Querry marsh at One-Stone Lake will be told in fol- lowing separate articles. North Marshes Have Advantages The foregoing is not to say there was not cranberry growing in northern Wisconsin before Goldie began developing these two C. I L. EQUIPMENT CO. m LEONARD STREET ACUSHNIT, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING Machinery Sales PRUNERS RAKES WEED TRIMMING POWER WHEELBARROWS WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Smal For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 gev^ft counties. Eagle River, Vilas county is slig'htly north of the 46th parallel, tout Hayward, Spooner and Shell Lake, where cranber- ries have been grown for many years are practically as far north; Phillips, where is located Cran- iberry Lake Development Comp- any, Wisconsin's largest produc- ing property is only slightly more southerly, and central. It is the new northeastern country which Goldy pioneered. Incidentally the 46th latitude is only slightly north of Kentville, center of Nova Scotia cranberry culture. However, the norther- ness of such Wisconsin locations have proven not to be, a handi- cap. In fact they have one ad- vantage; the northness gives slightly more hours of sunshine, so growth receives a higher sun- shine factor. Also springs come slightly later which helps grow- ers get more easily by the spring frost season. The writer had pictured north- ern Wisconsin as a region of deep, tall woods, isolation and primitiv- ness. A visit there proved this north country to be a region of countless beautiful lakes, good roads between distant, but rap- idly-growing, modem comjmuni- ties; it is a booming resort area, in this respect not unsimiliar to Cape Cod,. Eagle River, for instance, which is the county seat, has a year- round population of 1500 and a summer census of about 30,000. When the writer was there, the 100th anniversary of its founding was in progress, and the men were sporting huge beards as did the lumber nten who first settled there- Even though the streets are bust- ling and lined with modern homes and business establishments, there is still somehow a frontier atmos- phere. Still Frontier Country These towns, small in popula- tion appear miore city-like than towns of similar size or bigger in Massachusetts or New Jersey even though the wilderness is all around. There are wolves, occas- ionally a timber wolf, black bear, deer and toobcats. The virgin forests which at one time made Wisconsin the 1 e a d i ng lumber state have long been cut and there is no heavy second growth of pine generally, but hemlock, birch, pop- lar, tamarack. Pulp wood is an important industry. The lakes have muskies, wall-eyed pike, bass and trout. There are many pockets oi' large areas which are as yet to- Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 tally undeveloped. To reach some of these areas, which his maps showed to be potential cranberry land, Goldy had to drive as far as he could on a dirt road and then often have to break his way through the woods on foot. One such spot which he found on foot, was Little Trout lake. Well satisfied with a personal survey of various lots of land which had appeared promising on the maps, Goldsworthy proceeded to buy up about 5,000 acres in scattered pieces. This was most- ly county land, land which had been idle with no one thinking of using it until he brought the thought of growing cranberries. Much of this land could be pur- chased cheaply for perhaps |1.25 an acre or $50.00 a section. He first planned to build his own bog at Little Trout, Mani- towish Waters, but sold after miaking a start, finally building at Three Lakes in Oneida county. There are probably fewer frosts in these northern counties because of the countless lakes. Winters are severe, temperatures can reach 30 or 40 below zero and there can be three feet of snow on the level from November until April — ther^ is usually a couple of feet of ice on the marshes making for easy and economical sanding. Building To ICO Acres "Goldy's" present holdings are 85 acres in vines at Thunder Lake in the township of Three Lakes, which is only a short distance from Eagle River. He has plant- ed all to Searls with the except- ion of one acre to Black Veils, which he obtained from Bernard Shaw of Carver, Massachusetts for experimental purposes. This year he plans to bring his acreage up to an even 100, including some of the hybrid Stevens and Ben Lears. The marsh is 2 ¥2 feet above the level of the lake so that frt-st floods and winter flood are pumped on through a flooding canal and then back to the lake through drainage canal by gravity. Beds are about 3 acres each and can be flooded individually. Marsh is built pn Eight peat about 8 feet thick over which access ro"ads have been laid around each hedl^^''^^'^ ' ' Production last year, Golds- worthy g'ives as approximately 10,000 barrels. Part of the marsh was cropping for the first time. Cranberry Products, Inc. As stated, Goldie's interest is by no means limited to cranberry growing. CRANBERRIES' read- ers will recall how in 1953-54, Cranberry Products, Inc. was formed and it's activities have since been frequently reported. The need of an indystry in that area was urgent and with the growing interest in cranberries, the sum of $45,000 was raised for a plant, through the Eagle River Development Committee. Goldsworthy had obtained for the corporation, right to use a new process developed by Kenneth G. Weckel, University of Wisconsin, and the new plant began to turn out "Cransweet". In the Weckel process cranberries instead of be- ing heated are pierced individu- ally. "Cransweet" made possible many unusual new food combina- tions in the confectionery and baking fields. Products now include strained cranberry sauce, whole cranberry sauce, spiced cranberries, cranberry-orange re- lish, cranberry-cherry jam, cran- berry-rhubarb j a m, cranberry- pineapple jam, whole cransweets, diced cransweets, Cran-vari-ice cream, cranberi-ice cream, cran- puri, gift boxes, cran-apple sauce. These products are finding ready acceptance and there is a special interest in cranberries in candy. "A goal of Cranberry Products," says Goldy, "is to divert from present cranberry consumption in- to new products to widen the market." A description of operations of this plant, which is Eagle River's only industry and which normally employes ten with 30 or 40 in the rush season, is interesting. Plant is completely modern, a single story building, cement block, 60 by 123. The berries are first hopper-fed to an inclined flight-conveyor, which discharges them into a 35 foot-long ceiling-suspended stain- less steel flume. This is the in- itial washing stage, following which they continue through a de- watering reel and are collected in a 90-capacity stainless hopper. From here, the berries drop on- to an 18-ft. rubberized canvas conveyor, where they get a thor- ough inspection. They are then chuted into a sump with overflow water from the flume. Water is pump-recirculated from sump to flume. A second incline flight-convey- or now elevates the cranberries into a rotary washing reel. Wash- ed berries next go into a small hopper feeding the specially de- signed punching machine (H. D. Hume Co., Mendota, 111.) that pierces then at 150'-lb.-per-min. In this operation, berries, drop from the hopper onto a %x2% ft. conveyor belt that carries them under a rotary stainless steel drum (8x12 in.) containing thous- ands of stainless spikes spaced Vi in. apart. These short spikes pierce the berries, which are then gathered in pans. About 150 lb. of pierced whole berries are next charged into metal drums half of sugar and corn syrup (varied). A vacuum (20 in.) is pulled and the berries are then held about 30 min. so that they become completely im- NATIONAL FARM LOAN of Taunton FARMERS' PRODUCTION CREDIT ASSOCIATION of Taunton Tel. VAndyke 4-7578 For The BEST In Farm Financing FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILKOADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Nine pregnated with syrup. Syrup-sweetened berries are dipped out of the drums and, with the acidity adjusted, they are poured into 16 gal. capacity jack- eted kettles. Then after the heating in syrup to 180-190F., they are hot-filled into 12 oz. and 1 gal. glass jars. Berry counts can be varied from 1,500 to 3,000 per gallon. Jars are finally capped, cooled for an hour in an exhaust box with running water, labeled, and packed into shipping cases. Steps For Other Items For the product used in the con- fectionary and baking trades, Cransweets coming out of vacuum drums are diced prior to kettle- cooking. Also, the pickled Cran- sweet product is prepared in a similar manner. Only difference is subjecting drum-charged ber- ries to vacuum for a second time and for full hour in a spiced syrup. Difference between the Weckel process and others as concerns cranberries is that hithertofore cranberries were ruptured when they were heat processed and for the reason they could only be made into a limited number of products. In "Cransweet" methoP<>e Pd.. Mayflow- er Rd., and around Dunham's Pond. Potential vfluable hnHdin"- area along Federal Furnace Rd. frontage. White pine, if cut complete would produce quick cash income. YES, it is a bit smaller than in the December add. A man with a bit of cash and vision bought one corner for a very worthy purpose. He got good value at a tight price. THE PRICE? It is low and realistic. Write me or phone and I will name it. Now is the time that the right operator can get hard, tight value. It takes cash or the ability to raise it plus a bit of faith and vision. Berton Benjamin, Trustee. Est. of W. W. Benjamin 41 Terrace Ave., Riverside, Conn. Phone, Neptune 7-1672. tion presided over by Doctor Franklin from its inception forty- three years ago is an extroardin- arilly well organized, highly pro- ductive and immeasurably useful branch of the Massachusetts Ag- ricultural Experimental Station, and that the credit belongs in large part to Doctor Franklin. But his reputation as a scien- tist extends far beyond the shores of Cape Cod; it is indeed, world- wide. His record and his pub- lished contributions to sfientific literature attest to his wide and versatile range of thought and activity. He has always s^iown himself capable of grappling with the many practical problems con- fronting the growers, and no pro- blem has been too small or too great to engage his thoughtful attention. Tenacity of purpose is a trait strongly developed in Doctor Franklin. It has been a large factor in the planning and tlie development of the work at East Wareham and it has helped him to solve many knotty problems. He seldom makes an important decision or takes action on a mat- ter without first thinking it through. But once his mind is made un he is ready to defend his s+and, and few have ever argued him down. (One knowing Mrs. Franklin suspects she is among t':ose to whose judgment he has sometimes deferred!) That throup-h the years he has been deeply devoted to the cause of the cranberry growers is well illustrated by an incident obsei*v- ed by the writer. Ben and his de- voted wife, Esther, were in at- tendance at the 25th reunion of his class during the commence- p^°nt at State College in 1928. T'l^e rpunion banouet was held at the old Highland House on Goshen Hill, and a jolly good, but not necessarilly convival, time was being enjoyed by all. The June temnerature began to drop, Ben sniffed the air, wet his finger, and tested the wind direction, became restive and thoughtful. From that moment his mind was not with the merrymakers but away down on Cape Cod. He began to write and figure on the back of an envelope, soon left the banquet table, and called Cape Cod by telephone. He had gone into ac- tion to apply one of his greatest achievements for cranberry grow- ers, a method of prognosticating the advent of frost on the bogs, he was sending a warning to the growers that their bogs should be flooded to nrotect their crops. Ben, a loyal alumnus who loved good food and his classmates, did not participate in much of that fes- tive banquet and he took hs "rib- ( Continued On Page 16) Fourteen 4ti^Mi^iiii"— iid^ifM-— nn-«iiii«^ua"— iiii"— nil"— ««■— Ni)^iin"i»il««— «ii«i»»B"i— mi— -niii^iiii— — *ii*«nn^iin^iiii— •«a"""«ii"»«n'~»«n"™""""~««~""'i"*'"^ ISSUE OF MAY 1958 VOL. 23 - NO. 1 \^^^^JIwAtc««^ Jlg__ii,,^_,iii^_.,,,i^_,„ii^— iiii-^mi— tiM— irrr— iitr— iJii^— iirr— iin^— itfi— iiii-^— iirt^— iiii— Mii^— im— wiiii-^iiii^— iiii-^ii*^— I "DOC" FRANKLIN, A "RARE MAN" THE name of Henry James Franklin, who passed away last month at 75 as re- tired director of Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station will never be forgot- ten as long as cranberries are cultivated. His research was so profound, so basic that his works will remain as reference. His imprint will not be forgotton. ^ . Not the first cranberry reseacher in the nation, he became the foremost; an entomologist he came in when insects were a vital matter of concern and he turned his keen analytical mind to this and then other cranberry problems, after problem. He changed much of the course of think- ing in cranberry cultivation. He came to be looked upon as the father of modern cranberry research. His research, even in the limited field of cranberry research brought his world-wide recognition as a scientist. When Dr. Franklin began in 1909 he was a solitary worker at East Wareham. He became a man dedicated to cranber- ries. He laid the foundation for today's dedicated staff of a dozen or so workers. He was an inspiration to everyone with whom he came in contact. ''Doc" Franklin was more than an advisor to cranberry growers. He was their friend. Many who came to the Sta- tion to talk cranberries stayed to talk of other things. He was a true philosopher. The writer was among the many who deemed it a privilege to listen to "Doc" Franklin's discourses. Henry J. Franklin was always a thorough gentleman of the type now often referred to as "old school." A favorite expression of his in speaking of some in- dividual whom he considered of real dis- tinction was to say, "he was a rare man." Dr. Franklin himself was one of "the rar- est." iiii^^iiii^^iiii-^— ii«^~>iiii^»iiu*»iiii«»iiii^"»iiii'— ~iiii*w>aii ^^■11 n ^Hsnii ■■■^ii II ^B— N II -^ II II — ■ nil ^^ra ^^B*}* GROWER'S NET OF FOOD DOLLARS A RECENT survey showed what the average person did with his 1957 income dollar. After taxes he had about 88 cents to spend or save — the average individual saved six cents of his 100 cents. About 31 cents were spent for services; the big- gest share 41 cents went for items of daily living, 25 cents of which was for food and beverages. When various percentages of this Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALI^Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Wisconsin Rapids Washington — Oregon CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey were subtracted, including processing and marketing charges it was estimated about 7 to 8 cents were paid to the producer — the grower. Assuming cranberries were average can this net to grower be increas- ed to a larger proportion of the dollar? That is the real problem of the cranberry industry today. NOT SO VERY gratifying is a report of the National Canners Association con- cerning total volume of canned sauce packed in 1957. From reports of all pro- cessors the total pack was 5,752,320 act- ual cases. This is slightly smaller than the report for 1956 which was 6,052,467. With the trend of fresh fruit sales downward, even if slowly, this, obviously, must be offset by a larger processed pack. Fifteen FRANKLIN (Continued From Page 14) bing" from the assembled group. But he must have derived great satisfaction from the thought that once again he had been instrumen- tal in helping his friends, the cranberry growers to safeguard their valuable crops. That little episode is characteristic of Doctor Franklin; thoughtful, whole-heart- ed, unswerving in devotion to duty as he sees it. A. Vincent Osmun Emeritus Professor of Bot- any University of Masschuettts Stevens Impressed By Western "Forward Look'' "I was much impressed by the 'forward look' of the western gro'wers, which, I suppose, is real- ly typical of western life in gen- eral", declared Ambrose E. Stev- ens, executive vice-president and general manager of NCA follow- ing a trip of two weeks to the Coast and Wisconsin. Mr. Stevens made the trip alone, his second to Wisconsin and his first to Wash- ington and Oregon in a cranberry capacity. "I found the growers not dis- couraged but with a sense of mild optimism as to the future," he added. "Tliey seemed to me very sound citizens." He noted a tendency to merge ownerships, mostly among second generation growers and particu- larly in the Grayland area of Washington. Belief of the grow- ers seemed to be rather strongly, he ascertained, that smaller units ed were not as economical as larger ones. Major factors in this trend were that greater mech- anization and the utilization of labor-saving devises were possible. He was also impressed by the sincerity and the dedication of the growers to the cranberry in- dustry, their appreciation of the need for quality. He noted that in 1955 5,000 barrels of Wash- ington fruit were sold fresh, 10,000 in 1956, 17,000 last year and there is a goal this year of 25,000. Mr. Stevens first stopped at Long Beach and held a meeting for member-growers with about 50 present at which Director Leon- ard Morris presided. He made a tour of the peninsula area. He then visited Grayland where about 200 growers and wives attended, with Director David Pryde in charge. While in Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon, he made appearances on live television and CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY Makers of REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these fine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO®syrup • LINIT®dry and liquid starches BOSCO®chocolate flavored syrup * NU -SOFT®fabric softener rinse NIAGARA®instant starch • ARGO®corn and gloss starches KASCO® dog food Subscribe to Cranberries ftlso spoke over the radio in both cities. He had a published inter- view with the financial editor of the Oregonian (Portland) with the press at Centralia, Washing- ton and with newspapers at Co- quille and Bandon, Oregon. About 75 growers attended a meeting at Bandon with "Jim" Olsen presiding. He also visited Coquille, where he inspected the NCA plant and visited other cranberry points of interest in the area. On the way back he stopped at Wisconsin Rapids where there was a growers' meeting lasting all day with about 150 present. This was at the Elk's club. Direc- tor John M. Potter presiding. He was asked many questions at this session. As concerned the whole trip, he said he was more than pleased by the lack of discouragement on the part of the growers as to the future of cranberry growing and marketing. Makepeace Shed, Equipment Burned A spectacular blaze in an A. D. Makepeace Company, Inc. storage shed at Tihonet, Wareham, Mass., May 13 totally destroyed the 60 x 100 foot building. Loss was set at $10,000, to building and equip- ment which included various items of equipment, float boats, pickers and cranberry harvest boxes. Persons in the area were unable to notify firemen early because of burned telephone wii"es. Flames of the fire were seen from miles away. Little was left of the i structure to determine what star- ; ted the hot fire. Magazine Sixteen You can Stop fruit rots and improve quality with reliable DuPont Fermate IT'ou can depend on ''Fermate" to prevent -■• rot of the berries on the bushes or while in storage. "Fermate" gives this protection through excellent control of "ungus diseases that attack cranberries. What's more, "Fermate" is mild. It's hard 3n fungus diseases but its gentle action means minimum danger of burning or stunting tender flowers, leaves or fruits. For brush and weed control use these effective chemicals "Ammate" X Weed and Brush Killer . . . For control of brush, poison ivy and to prevent resprouting of stumps, you can't beat Du Pont "Ammate" X. It kills both foliagre and roots ; prevents regrowth. "Ammate" X is non-volatile, reduces to a minimum the hazard of damage by spray drift. This is the ideal chemical wherever brush is a problem. "Karmex" W monuron Herbicide . . . For spot treat- ment and long-term control of annual weeds and grasses around buildings, farmyards, fences, etc., use new "Karmex" W monuron Herbicide. Only % to Yz cup of the cheYnical in 2 gallons of water is enough to control vegetation on 100 square feet for an extended period. "Karmex" W monuron is non- volatile', non-flammable and non-corrosive to equip- ment. Ferbam Fungicide Your bogs will give you higher yields of cleaner fruit when you use "Fermate." It's available for sprays or dusts. For most effective spray coverage and protection of waxy foliage add Du Pont Spreader- Sticker to the spray mixture. See your dealer for full information and supplies. Ask him for free litera- ture on "Fermate" and other reliable Du Pont products. Or write Du Pont, Grasseli Chemicals Department, Wilming- ton, Delaware. On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warn- ings carefully. Fermate Ferbam Fungicide mm 'ES.U.S.PAT.OFf. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING .... THROUGH CHEMISTRY Blueberries In The West The cultivated blueberry indus- try of the far west has developed principally in the coastal regions of Washing-ton and Oregon, vilest of the Cascade Range of moun- tains. In this area the climate is quite favorable; plenty of rain, enough cold to satisfy winter chilling requirements without ex- cessive cold, favorable summer temperature without excessive heat, and good soil. East of the mountains the rainfall is so light that the region is totally un- suited to fruit crops, except in a few scattered areas where irriga- tion is possible and practical. In spite of the favorable condi- tions, the blueberry industry has been slow in developing. The chief reason given for this is the lack of good markets. It is said that consumers on the west coast are not so accustomed to eating blueberries as those in the north- east are. One sign of this is the kind of pie available in restau- rants. One seldom finds blueberry pie. On the other hand, straw- berry or "berry" — it may be boy- senberry, loganberry or black- berry— are offered in almost every i'3staurant. Another difficulty is the scar- city of large markets in the north- west. Population density is far less than in the northeast. Aside from Portland and Seattle, there are few large population centers. This means that for any large volume of berries markets must be found in California or else- where. Nevertheless, there are several hundred acres being grown and the industry is expanding slowly. Because of the heavy rainfall, 80-100 inches, diseases are more important than insects. A Botry- tis which causes shoot dieback is one of their worst troubles. On the other hand, mummy berry is unknown. One grower in the Puyallup, Washington, area has been unus- ally successful. He had 19 acres set to a considerable number of varieties. The soil and climate are so favorable that all varieties appear outstandingly vigorous and productive. Even such varieties as Concord and Scammell, which were erratic performers here, arc vigorous, heavy producers there. In California the blueberry sit- uation is quite different. Very few are grown at the present time. The principal reason for this appears to be lack of inter- est in this fruit. While much of California's soil and climate are not suited to blueberry growing, there are sizeable areas where, with a little help in the way of irrigation and special soil treat- ments, considerable quantities of blueberries could be grown. The slow development of the blueberry industry up and down the west coast is at least partly the result of the intense interest in other small fruits. All three coastal states are heavy produ- cers of strawberries. California is also a heavy producer of boy- senberries, loganberries, and trail- ing black berries. Washington and Oregon are heavy producers of raspberries and trailing black- berries. These industries are so large and so well developed that, unless there is some sudden change, blueberry growing will continue to expand slowly. The increasied production will probably b" consumed in local markets. Therefore, eastern growers will not need to worry about ship- ments from the far west for quite a number of years. John S. Bailey NCA Sales Up First Quarter April processed sales for NCA, concluding the first quarter went over recent previous years. For the first three months sales were higher than a year ago but less than the budget set. Sales for the first three months were 30 per- cent higher than in 1957, and the April sales broug-ht the total to ?■') percent above for the quarter. General Manager Ambrose E. Stevens, reports. Through March of this year 60 percent of the pool had been moved, compared to 47 percent in 1957. A top broker in the eastern area reported that for the first four months his sales had in- creased 26 V2 percent, while in March and April there had been a 52 percent gain. ^'Cranberries In Wisconsin*' Pertinent facts from "Cranber- ries of Wisconsin", special bulle- tin No. 70, just issued by Wis- consin State Department of Agri- culture, Federal-State Crop Re- porting Service and the United States Department of Agriculture: Searles, McFarlin, Natives and Howe varieties made up 98 per- cent of the total bearing acreage in 1956. Average yield per acre on the 3,900 acres of bearing marsh in that year with a total production of 358,000 barrels was 91.8. Searles accounted for 57.7 of acreage and 64.7 of production. Yield of the Searles variety aver- aged 103 barrels per acre, the highest of any of the varieties. Howes, representing only 4.1 percent of total acreage of 160 acres had second highest yield with neaarly 92 barrels to the acre. McFarlin had third highest yield per acre, averaging 82.1, amounting to 21.8 percent of total bearing acreage. Natives aver- aged 63.8 barrels per acre and made up 550 acres of 9.6 percent of total. Miscellaneous varieties averaged 74.3 per acre but made up only 2.3 percent of total. Total acreage of 1957 is given as 4,000 and of these Searles make up 2,250 acres. Theiie were absolute and real- tive increases in the acreages in Searles, McFarlins and Howe va- rieties between 1952 and 1956 and decreases in the Natives and "other" varieties. Searles bearing acreage of 1952 was 2,020 acres but had increased to 2,250 in 1956. McFarlins from 770 to 850 in the same period. Natives declined from 670 bearing acres to 550. Other miscellaneous, varieties declined from 100 to 90. (Continued On Page 20) Eighteen Kill All Major Cranberry Insects with Malathion • Helps You Avoid Residue Problems • Offers Safety in Use Five seasons use has proved mal- athion's superiority as a cranberry insecticide. Early spraying or dust- ing with malathion protects the new crop against damage from black and yellow-headed fireworms, false armyworms, blossom worms, tipworms, cutworms and blunt- nosed leafhoppers. Later in the season, malathion controls the highly destructive fruitworvi. Offers safety in use Malathion is a phosphate insecti- cide with low toxicity to man and animals. Its wide safety margin makes it ideal for air application . . . especially in and around popu- lated areas. Avoid resitlue problems Malathion's fast disappearing resi- dues allow application on cranber- ries up to 72 hours before harvest. •photo courtesy of the National Cranberry Association Residues will be well below the limits established by law. Compatible with other chemicals Malathion is compatible with meet fungicides and other insecticides... another reason why so many growers are making it the basic insecticide in their spray schedules. Over 100 manufacturers sell mala- thion insecticides under their own brand names ... in emulsifiable liq- uids, dusts and wettable powders. For additional information on the uses of malathion, write: American Cyanamid Company, Agricultural Division, New York 20, New York. Advt. SERVING THE WISOONSIN GROWERS "CRANBERRIES IN WISCONSIN" (Continued From Page 18) In this 1957 survey, growers were asked for their present non- bearing acreage in 1957 in addi- tion to their bearing acreage in 1956 and 1957. They also re- ported the amount of non-bearing acreage coming into production in the years 1958 through 1961. Approximately 650 acres of planted marsh was not in bearing in 1957 but will nearly all be in production by 1961 or 1962 if present intentions of growers are realized. By 1961, according to growers' expectations, Wisconsin's bearing acreage should be at the 4,500 level. The forecast takes into consideration anticipated abandonment and replanting of old marsh. By 1964 if growers' expectation of 1958 and 1959 are realized another 200 acres of new marsh should be in production. Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page 6) was being applied the last of the month in the southern marshes and the first part of May in the northern marshes. Portable Sprinkler Irrigation Sales, services, and engi- neering information for complete frost protection. Save your crop and save money too. Always have a complete line of nev^ systems for sale, also fre- quently used systems and rental systems. Eric Franielong.s" I INDIAN TRAIL Inc. I 262 W. Grand Ave. I I Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin I ' il'HIIi'BinBii'B B IS S E^ ES EJ'K WE NEED TWO WAYS TO SELL OUR CROP To Fresh Sales we musf add increased Processed Uses. Our Numerous Lines are Helping the Industry in this Respect. Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Twenty $ERViN6 THE WISCONSIN GROIERS CONVERTERS of CELLOPHANE POLYETHYLENE and other Flexible Materials Plain or Printed BAGS ROLL STOCK SHEETING TOMAH PRODUCTS, INC. TOMAH, WISCONSIN PHONE 800 DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Gctsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin %*- THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA :|c****«!tc i KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point ! CORRUGATED I CULVERT PIPE { and { FLOW GATES I iFelkerBros.Mfg.Co. I I MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN 1 Phone 230-231 -■»^— ii^— n- Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! 1 j It is available for those who have an advertising [ f I i message to the Wisconsin Industry HERE'S HEALTH .' Sparkling flavor from Cape Cod- America's CRANBERRY LAND ! 0ceanSpM4/ CRANBERRY JUICE COCKTAIL ''The Toast of Cranberry Land'' n ^4 COCKTAH Brightest, freshest flavor you'll ever find in a NATURAL JUICE ! Tastes wonderful any time — not tart, not sweet — refresh- ingly different! Try it for breakfast ... before lunch or dinner ... or between-times, whenever you're thirsty! More Vitamin C than even frozen orange juice ! There's a heap o' health in every glass of Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail. Gives you more Viitamin C than any other juice you can buy! It provides iron your body can use! And it contains 12 other important vitamins and minerals! DRINK 0CeiinJpt€Uf EVERY DAY! NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCrATION GROWERS' CO-OPERATIVE, HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS RVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :ape cod new jersey WiSCONSlN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA HOWARD QUERRY— He Built a Marsh in Wisconsin Wilderness. (CRANBERRIES Ph 35 Cents JUNE 1958 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Worcester Paper | Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of I Folding Cartons I and j Displays Get the right product for every pest problem # Use IL ORCHARD 11 BRAND [jf TsPRAYS i dusts) ... the first choice of Commercial Growers GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION 40 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. WE DO- " CRANBERRY PRINTING OF ALL KINDS Courier Print Shop WAREHAM, MASS. TEL. 27 // Wareham Savings Banii Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service AMES IRRIGATION SYSTEMS RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS PRIZER APPLICATORS FERTILIZERS ""& Insecticides • The Charles W. Harris Company 26 Somers€t Avenue North Dighton, Mass. Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. equipment HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PATPI At Screenhouses, Bogs and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS iiir—^ 1111^^ till- WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Boga Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Caal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mats. Tel. 39.R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. 1 NEW 1 I BURLAP BAGS j I for your } I PICKING MACHINES | MADE TO ORDER 1 WHITMAN BAG CO. i I WHSTMAN, MASS. I I Peter B. Berman I I Tel. Gibson 7-4821 I CRANBERRIES is the only publication of the industry which accepts advertising YOUR BEES-NESS IS MY BUSINESS RENTAL OF BEES $6.50 PER COLONY John Van de Poele West Abington, Mass. TRiangle 7-2656-R JUNE Is the month of the longest daylight hours, but — ELECTRICITY Continues to play an important, time-saving part in cranberry activities. Make the greatest use of it every month in the 12. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH TEL. 200 TEL. 1300 One NCA Brings '57 Payments To $7.60 National Cranberry Association members were mailed checks for an additional $1.00 per barrel on June 6, General Manager and Ex- ecutive Vice President Ambrose E. Stevens announces. This payment on the 1957 crop brings the ad- vances to date to $7.60. Aim of the current marketing program is to complete the 1957 crop sale by November 1. The 195G pool was closed on October 18. These actions were voted at the late May meetings of directors. Next meeting of directors is set for June 27 at the Somoset Hotel in Boston. This meeting will be preparatory to the co-operative's annual meeting of stockholders at Hanson, August 20. Mass. Bog Holdings Decline (From "The Cranberry Industry in Massachusetts," latest bulletin No. 157). Cultivated cranberry bogs in Massachusetts range in size from half an acre or less to 200 or more. A cranberry bog for pui-poses of the survey, is defined as the bog- acreage reported as one operation- Attention Growers ! ! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene "GRADE A" metered trucks STODDARD SOLVENT SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. Tel. 93-J al unit by the operator or mana- ger. In many instances, bog ow- nership or holdings by one party include several bogs. This is clearly illustrated by the fact that survey records were secured for 1,250 bogs which were owned by only 962 parties (individuals or concerns). Ownership of bogs continues to concentrate in fewer holdings of larger average size. The number of bog holdings has declined steadily from 2.148 in 1924 to 1,215 in 1946 to 962 m 1956. The average size of hold- ings, on the other hand, has in- creased steadilly from 8.5 acres in 1924 to 12.5 acres in 1946 and 13.7 acres in 1956. Since 1946 most of the decline in number of holdings has occurred in holdings of less than 5 acres. The number of holdings over 5 acres has remained relatively sta- ble, while the number of small holdings has declined especially in Barnstable County. Holdings of less than 5 acres in 1956 amount to just about 50 percent of total holdings. In 1946 the proportion of holdings of less than 5 acres was 58 percent of the total, while in 1924 the proportion *was 73 per- cent. Honeybees (From the Cranberry Industry in Massachusetts) Data on the use of honeybees on cranberry bogs was received from VOLTA OIL CO. Distributor of the Famous TEXACO WATER WHITE KEROSENE For your Bog STODDORD SOLVENT Tels. 840 Ply. and 1340-R Plymouth, Mass. Rte. 44 Samoset St. 1,109 of the 1,250 growers in the state or 88 percent. Of 1,109 grow- ers supplying complete data, 403 or 36.5 percent used honeybees and 706, or 63.6 percent, did not. The 405 growers that reported using bees averaged 18.8 acres per grow- er, whereas the 706 that reported they did not use honeybees aver- aged 6.2 per grower. The hives used totalled 2,651 of which 455, or 17.2 percent were owned by the growers and 2,196, or 82.8 percent, were rented from beekeepers. The acres per hive for those reporting on this part of the question averaged 2.6. Grow- ers using bees felt that set was improved by honeybees in a ratio of 39 affirmative to 1 negative. J. W. Hurley Co. • COAh • NEW ENGLAND COKE € FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE- For BOGS (METERED TRUCKS) 24-hour Fuel Oil Service Telephone 24-2 341 Main St. WAREHAM Thorough Pollination Is Good Crop Insurance Let Our Honey Bees Do It For You MERRIMACK VALLEY APIARIES, INC. Formerly BLUE HILL APIARIES 47 Pond Street Bilierica, Mass. Phone Montrose 3-3079 Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Motes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Rainfall 33.51 Inches Temperatures in May averaged 1.7° per day below normal and rainfall was 6.58 inches, which is better than twice the monthly average. Incidentally, rainfall has exceeded the monthly average in 6 of the last 7 months, with March being the exception. We now have a total of 33.51 inches of rain for the first 5 months in 1958, or within approximately 10 inches of our yearly average. Our weather pattern has completely reversed itself as compared to a year ago this spring when temper- atures were above normal and rainfall was far below normal. We were already experiencing a serious drought in June of 1957 and the situation became even more critical in July and early August. Frosts The contrast of the two seasons has been most unusual. There is one similarity, however, and that involves the frequency of frost v/arnings. 17 warnings have been released this spring as of June 12, compared to 19 warnings during the same period in 1957. There ap- pears to be no possibility of ap- proaching the record of 41 warn- ings released in the spring at 1 949. These include, of course, both the afternoon and evening forecasts. The most damage this season occurred May 2, June 4 and June G. Temperatures dropped to 25° on some bogs June 4 and 6, with many growers reporting tem- peratures of 28 - 29°. We have placed the frost damage at approx- imately 2 percent of the Massa- chusetts crop or possibly 10,000 barrels. Keeping Quality The weather pattern since April 1 has not strengthened the final keeping quality forecast which was released June 4 and is as follows: "FINAL KEEPING QUALITY FORECAST: Examination of the weather records from April through May shows 2 additional points — the only points out of a possible 16 which favor good keep- ing quality next fall. The pros- pects, therefore, are far from good for the general keeping qual- ity of the 1958 Massachusetts cranberry crop unless corrective steps are taken. Growers are re- minded that we had 4 points in 1957 and experienced very poor keeping quality. Proper control measures for fruit rots are care- ^*.i^— riii.^1111^— iiii^— iin-^nn-^iHi^^nii^^iiit^^iiii-^mi^— "11^— I fully outlined in the new charts. The need for good keeping quality fruit is obvious." Field Meetings '''^^'■ The county agricultural agents " arranged 6 field meetings the last'' of May and early June to ac- quaint growers with the latest in- formation on the control of in- sects, diseases, and weeds, plus the proper use of fertilizers. Live specimens of the early spring pests *' were used to help growers in their identification. The Station's low gallonage spray rig and a new overhead irrigation system were demonstrated at the meeting held at the State Bog. Insects About Normal Insect activity has been about normal to date (June 12). The.'' first brood of the SpaTganotliis ' fruitworm has not been too trou- ^ blesome and only a few bogs have required treatment. Black-headed ' fireworms have been common and those bogs that are usually trou- bled by this pest have required treatment. Growers have been able to use the 10-hour flood to check this pest on many properties and with excellent results when worms were small, the cool weath- er has not been conducive to se- _ HEllCOPTER PEST PUSTIN6 AND SPRAYINS W Bp NORWOOD, MASS. RAY MORSE, Agent Tel. Wareham 1553 (l,iii^™.Mii^^iiH^^iiii™"— "ii^^ipi(^^iiii^^riii^-»iHi— nil— iiu— iiii^^iiM— iiH-^in^— iiu— •un^^nn— nn^^ipii^^iiii—^n""^i Three curing accurate counts of weevils but we have every reason to be- lieve they are plentiful and are causing damage on many bogs. Green spanw/orms and cutworms have not been too plentiful on "early water" bogs, but "late water" bogs, should be carefully checked for these pests. Blunt- nosed leafhoppers are just begin- ning to make their appearance and will require control measures. Help Available Returns to growers are still dis- couragingly low and every expense item has to be carefully studied before spending any of that limit- ed budget. Wider use of the in- sect net will help determine the types of insects present and whether they are numerous enough to require treatment. Bogs should be "swept" every 4 or 5 days from mid-May to about mid-July. The county agents and the men at our Station are airways willing to teach or demonstrate the proper use of the insect net. Weed Clippers Greater use of weed clippers is in order, particularly where grass- es, sedges and rushes are a pro- blem and chemical treatments have had to be postponed. There is still a place for spot treatments for such weeds as small brambles, loosestrife, and asters, using Stoddard Solvent. Care should be used to direct a single stream of this chemical to the base of the above weeds. New vine growith will be severely injured if it is sprayed with Stoddard. Permission to use Amino-tria- zole before bloom has just been denied by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration. Only post harvest treatments have been approved for cranberries. Fertilizers Wise use of fertilizers will defi- nitely improve many properties and increase the yields per acre. The new fertilizer chart contains the recommendations rates of ap- plication. For special problems or raore detailed information, grow- ers should contact the men at our station, particularly Dr. Chandler. FARM WITH CRANBERRY INCOME 177 acre farm, 7 acres of cranberries. Ideal expansion possibilities. Ample water sup- ply. Modern buildings. Write for details and pictures. Carl Jensen, Warrens, Route 1, Wis- consin. N^*< For A Life Time Flume Job USE ALL HEART REDWOOD All Lengths Select and Construction Grade Timbers ' 4x4 4x6 6x6 6x8 Flume Grade Planking 2x6 2x8 2 X 10 PROMPT DELIVERY SERVICE LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME JOBS Price List of Redwood on Request E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDI^BORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Walter E. Piper Passes Away Walter E. Piper, 67, veteran chief market investigator for the Massachusetts Department of Ag- riculture, passed away at Quincy City Hospital June 5. Mr. Piper was well known to Massachusetts cranberry growers and had ap- peared at many cranberry meet- ings. He frequently mentioned cranberry products and the indus- try on many radio and television programs. He lived at 117 Cedar street, Wollaston. He was admitted to the hospital May 18. He first went to work for the department in 1919 as an apple inspector. He later became market investigator and was made chief in 1947. He leaves a wife. A feature article concerning Mr. Piper appeared in Cranberries Magazine a year ago this month. «»Wi County Agent Taking Leave Barnstable County (Cape Cod) Agricultural Agent Oscar S. Johnson is to attend Air Defense School at Fort Bliss, Texas for five months in connection with nis National Guard service. His du- ties will be performed by agent- manager Bertram L. Tomlinson. These include cranberry work. Johnson is to attend the school from June 19 to Nov. 3. At the Texas school, operated by the Army he will take a course in anti- aircraft and guided missiles as part of qualifications for his Na- tional Guard post. His family will accompany him to Texas. Holding the rank of Major, he is executive officer of the 68th Anti- Aircraft Artillery Battalion, Mass- achusetts National Guard with headquarters at Buzzards Bay. Many a man is loud and noisy, but still will never be classed as a howling success. Four Issue of June 1958 - Vol. 23 No. 2 Published rrmnthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Wareham, Mas.sachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Entered qs second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS May Wetter, Cooler May was another wetter than normal month and a slightly cool- er une. Rainfall for the 31 days totaled 6.58 inches as against the normal 3.18. Temperatures aver- aged 1.7 degrees a day below the normal. This latter fact gave two points out of the possible 16 toward good keeping quality. Last year there were four. No Frost Losses While there were many frost warnings and borderline nights, frost loss for May (and the entire spring) was chalked up as none at State Experiment Station. On the nights when there could have been damage, notably May 2, 23 and 29, growers apparently protected themiselves. Lush Weed Growth An effect of the cold, wet spring has been an unusually heavy growth of weeds of all kinds, and the wetness has not discouraged cranberry insects. Weeds are growing more vigorously than usual because of the more than abundant water supply, and can become a real problem as the sea- son advances. Growers have been alert to spring weeds and control has been practiced through chemi- cals to a much greater degree than normal. Insects Plentiful While insects may not be much more numerous than in average season there is no difficulty at all in finding blackhead fire worm, craniberry weevils, sparganothis fruitworm, false army worm and green span worm. Use of Fungicides With the keeping quality pros- pect not favorable for this year it is expected there will be much more use of fungicides than even last year, when such use was re- commended because of poor qual- ity prospects. A good deal wili depend this season upon such fun- gicide control before the '58 yield is harvested. Heavy Crop Anticipated With no spring frost losses, good control being practiced on weeds and well-budded, good over- wintered vines to start with. Dr. Cross is, as of present writing, holding to his estimate of a very substantial production. Some growers feel the crop may be only moderately heavy. In spite of the exicessive spring rainfalls they caused no excessive damage to bogs, and there were only a few isolated cases where the water could not be removed satisfactor- ily. Some growers had, however, considerable trouble in getting their properties dried out. Eo'r Work No new bog building of real ecu- sequence is going forward, al- though there is a reasonable amount of renovation. NEW JERSEY NEW JERSEY No Serious Freezes May was 3.2 degrees cooler than normal, having an average temp- erature of 59.6° as compared to the normal 62.8°. There were no serious cranberry freezes. Neither r /crop' ■^.-^ ii»«.>i«S*^ mii^m^m^^'f^^mtimm^ Aerial Spraying and Dusting also Fertilizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weitbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 Five were there any abnormally hot periods. The last day of the month was the hottest with a maximum of 87°. Rainfall Breaks Dams Rainfall was abundant with a monthly total of 4.39 inches com- pared to a normal of 3.79 inches. A number of dams were seriously damaged. Francis Sharpless of Medford suffered the greatest loss when two dams upstream of his property broke. The resulting flood burst a long series of dams on his Chairville bogs. Drawing of the winter flood was later than usual. A considerable number of bogs were not drawn until May 15 or 20. Blueberries Recovering Some Blueberry fields are making some recovery from the serious drought injuries incurred last summer. It appears that a considerable amount of wood was not strong enough to winter well, so that there has been a serious die-back of tips and whole twigs or a poor devel- opment of flowers and foliage on Weymouth and Rancocas espec- ially. The long period of almost continuous rainy and cloudy wea- ther from April 27 to May 11 nrobably contributed toward in- creasing th(i injury. Damage from mizmmy berry and blossom weevil has been more than usual. As a result, blueberry growers are look- ing for a reduced crop this year. WASHINGTON Severe Frost Loss A number of frosts, one very cevere has been the spring cc:'ur- ; nee here. There ha\e been more occasions to use the sprinkler sys- tems for protection tha.i in the past three or four years. Particularly damaging was one on May 12th with a temperature considerably below freezing from 9:30 p. m. to 5:30 a. m. Amount of damage varies greatly from one bog to another, however, it was concluded, production in the state will be much reduced. Re- ports of 100% loss on bogs at Grayland and elsewhere were re- ported. Minimum was 25 degrees. Sumps Low This freeze came during a per- iod of rather dry weather which did not help the situation any. There was reported to be greater injury in the Grayland area than at Long Beach. Some bogs which did not have sprinkler systems, according to County Agent Ralph Tidrick, were completely wiped out. Other properties which did have systems were short of wate;- and also received some damage. With so much sprinkling, plus dry weather, sumps, especially at Grayland did not replenish as they normally do. In some instances during the latter part of the cold May 12 night, there was not en- ough water to keep the spray on. On some bogs sprinklers were started too late, after damage had been done. State Bog Injured Among bogs rather severely damaged was the Experiment Station bog at Long Beach. Maximum temperature for May was 84 on the 17th; on the whole, humidity was lower during day- light hours than usual. May 12, the minimum was 58 percent and May 14 the maximum 42 and on May 13 there was a minimum of 16. Crop Prospects Down The prospects for the coming crop, at present time do not look encouraging. Owners of bogs badly damaged by the freeze will likely take advantage of the situa- tion and concentrate on weed con- trol with amino triazole if there are not sufficient berries to wai'- rant harvesting. Manzate App^o^■ed Charles C. Doughty, Station superintendent, has been notified (Continued On Page 16) • FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Six Howard Qiierry Built A Marsh Deep In Wisconsin Wilderness Former Auto Finance Businessman "Really Lives" at One-Stone Lake Property by Clarence J. Hall That the marsh site he wanted was four miles from the nearest highway didn't stop Howard Querry from going ahead with building and planting a finely- planned marsh at One Stone Lake near Three Lakes, Wisconsin. Mr. Querry, a former Kenosha (Wise.) businessman has carved his new development from the heart of the wilderness in the north-central part of the Badger State. One Stone, or Lone Stone, so named by the Indians is almost virgin coun- try to the white man.^ On the north shore of this pine and spruce fringed lake the pro- perty is in scenic isolation so far, Eo untamed ti at there are a few timber wolves, black bear, deer and foxes abort it, geese, ducks, other wild fowl and birds in sea- .son. The entire region is thinly settled. Mr. Queery loves this beautiful and primitive country. He likes the deep- solitude of his marsh location. This is evident from his conversation. "I really live while I'm at the marsh," Mr. Queery says. He has been coming to the north country for the past 25 years for his vaca- tions. It was while he was on vacation that he bought the pro- perty through Vernon Golds- worthy. With a beautiful "town" house on another lake at Three Lakes, his neighbors know him (and Mrs. Qiierry) as a generous host, and an optimistic fellow, fitted for the lot of a cranberry grower. To get into his marsh property at all it was necessary to blaze a narrow road through the wilder- ness, the four miles into the lake. This winding way is lined with poplar, birch and other trees- -in the summer, cool, leafed over. There is deep quiet all along the way except for the sounds of wild life, and at the marsh the sounds incidental to cranberry growing. This is the third year since Mr. Querry began operations and last fall he got his first small crop. He bought a total of 400 acres of this primitive land in all. The area has a potential of approxim- ately 100 acres of marsh. He has at present 8 acres in vines and plans a total of 34, all in Searls. All ground work for the planned acreage has been completed. Unwinding in rectangular course are some two miles of flooding and drainage canals, ranging in width from 35 feet for the flooding to 12% for drainage, with depth of five and three feet respectively. One Stone Lake, which Querry owns entirely with the exception of one "corner" is a body of wa- ter several acres in extent. It is a very deep lake. But even this water supply was not enogh to satisfy Mr. Querry, so he had a ditch dug three quarters of a mile long to a still bigger lake, in this region of countless lakes. Two Bailey pumps powered by heavy industrial engines have been installed, each pump having a ca- pacity of 14,000 gallons per min- ute. Concrete and steel have been used throughout in construction of flumes. Steel prefabricated drop-head inlets have been installed for each individual section. Two-foot di- ameter being used for the section inlet and four-foot diameter for the flooding canals where bridg- ing was necessary. Roads have been constructed around all the beds--very wide roads - - for easy bog operations and dikes are to be planted with grass to hold the soil in place. Due to irregularity of the bor- dering highlands there is some variation in the individual bed acreages. However, the average in size is roughly two acres. Bot- tom is rather shallow peat bog, with considerable sand. Good vine growth since first plantings indi- cate ideal soil conditions offered for these northern Wisconsin bogs. Fertilizers, 10 - 10 - 10 and 5 - 20 - 20 have been applied up to 300 <^B Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Seven pounds to the acre. Chemicals have been used to control, wire, 'bunch and other grasses. A new warehouse is planned for construction this year. Mr. Querry is a man with faith in his own opinions and in spite of advice from residents of the north country he began his devel- opment in the fall rather than spring, to save a year. He was told the climate was simply too tough for winter work. But he and a crew worked all through a winter, with temperatures of 30 below on many a day. They scalp- ed the leather-leaf, dug ditches and made a general layout des- pite the cold. Foreman of the property is cranberry - experienced Walt Goldsworthy, brother of Vernon. Mr. Querry is a stockholder in Cranberry Products, Inc., and sec- retaiy of the business which has headquarters at nearby Eagle Riv- er. Before coming to the pictur- esque and quietly booming north- ern region, Mr. Querry's interests were to the south in Kenosha where he was in the auto finance business. Prior to that he was in the automobile busiiness in Chi- cago. Active business interests other than cranberries he has now disposed of. There was a lot of hard work involved, with a hope for the fu- ture in setting out this marsh, and excellent progress was made in a period of three years. It was a case of starting with nothing but a section corner post in the cen- ter of a "wild" forty and building up to the present beautiful lay- out. NCA To Study Voting Stock NCA directors at the May meet- ing discussed the desirability of making whatever changes that are necessary to perpetuate the con- trol of the co-op in the hands of patron contract members. This was brought up by John M. Potter, Wisconsin Rapids, chairman of the fact finding committee. Object would be to have ownership of common stock on as close to a pa- tronage basis as is possible. General Manager Stevens said there would first have to be a study made of the facts, and then to set up procedure methods if it was de- cided desirable to carry the project through. He characterized this as a study with many ramifications and one of long range. It could not be presented before member- ship before the 1959 annual meet- ing. HAIL IS ON THE WAY WATCH OUT, MR. GROWER PROTECT YOUR PRODUCTION COSTS If you had a loan and lost your crop by hail you would still have to pay — let Hail Insurance do this for you. Our new policy protects the berries and vines against hail and fire from the time the water is off in the Spring until after harvest. CRANBERRY RATES ARE LOW For further information write or call : Alvin R. Reid Main Street, Hanson, Mass. Cypress 3-6336 Cypress 3-6441 C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNEL MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 QUALITY-The Second Step By F. B. Chandler To place the best quality of fruit on the market, it is obvious that as a first stop the groiwers do everything possible to grow the best cranberries. Best berries are produced when the vines are not too dense, the bog surface is as dry as possible and the bog is sprayed at the proper time with a fungicide. Quality berries should be harvested with as little mechanical injury or bruising as possible. But what happens to even the best crop of cranberries after harvest has much •to do with the quality of the fruit when it reaches the consumer? This article assumes quality fruit has been produced and harvested, and presents the results of some experiments and some ideas for better handling and storage; in other words, this covers the operations from harvest to screening for shipment. This may be called tlie second step, or the removal of the field heat as soon as possible followed by storage at a relatively low temperature. Morse was one of the first to ture of the berries with the field study the storage of cranberries. While most of his studies were on the chemical phases of storage, in the summary of his bulletin pub- lished in 1920 he said "Good stor- age must include control of both ventilation and temperature." The first studies in Massachusetts of refrigerated storage of cran- beries were probably made by Gunness in 1936 and again in 1937.. On reporting these studies he gave the temperatures in dif- ferent grower storages which ranged from 70 to 72 degrees the second week in September to the low 40's in January. The keeping quality of four grower storages were compared with commercial refrigeration (30, 35 and 50 de- grees F. in 1936, and 35, 40, 45, and 50 degrees in 1937). The best quality was obtained when the berries were stored at a tempera- ture of 35 degrees, and all com- mercial storage was better than grower storage. When Cox re- viewed the results of Gunness' work, he wondered why the grow- ers did not store the berries in a manner such that the outside air could be forced through them to remove the field heat and the berry temperature kept below 50 degrees. Cox prepared a table similar to Table I which showed the number of days the minimum temperature fell below certain levels. This indicated the mini- mum temperatures in East Ware- ham would be below the tempera- heat in them, which the author had observed as high as 110 and 114 degrees F. These tempera- tures were unusually high but many observations have been made in the 80's and 90's. (Recently Kaufman et al reported loading temperatures in cars of packaged berries of 68 to 72 degrees F.) From Table I it is evident that the field heat could be removed and the berries cooled if the coldest air was blown through them. Bulk Storage In the fall of 1950, bulk stor- age of cranberries was studied by Earl Cox and the author (Mass. Bui. 466, page 7). The bins were in the basement of the Cranberry Station in East Wareham. Some bins were filled with berries in bulk while others were filled with field boxes. The bulk berries were 5 feet deep. Air from out- side was forced through hardware cloth up through the berries when the temperature of the outside air was lower than the temperature of the berries. This is a very good method of removing the field heat from the berries (the best method is commercial refrigera- tion but it costs considerably more). One bin was filled with berries, uprights and chaff from a Western picker with no ill effects from the chaff or uprights. The results of two years study at the Cranberry Station were en- couraging enough to have the New England Sales Company put in a bin to cool berries before packaging. The bin was built by the Sales Company on the second floor So the berries would flow into the packaging machines. The bin was 6 feet by 10 feet and 8 feet high with a hardware floor which was pitched toward the outlet. This bin would hold 68 barrels of berries, four feet deep, and 88 barrels if the berries were five feet deep. The ceiling in the room in CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY Makers of REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these fine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO®syrup * LINIT®dry and liquid starches BOSCO®chocolate flavored syrup • NU ■SOFT®fabric softener rinse NIAGARA®instant starch • ARGO®corn and gloss starches ^ KASCO® dog food in which the experimental bin was built was high enough to permit one bin to be built on top of the othez% thus giving eight to ten cubic feet of storage for every square foot inside the bin. The air was taken from a second story window to the bin. The complete plan for bin storage with convey- or belts and scales would have made it possible for two men to do what seven were doing without bins and conveyors. Field Heat The idea of bin storage has been to remove field heat, reduce bruising, reduce cost of handling, have more efficient use of space, and reduce the capital investment. Fruit which can have the field heat removed a few hours after har- vest keeps better tharv fruit which is not cooled. It may take two weeks to get the heat out of cran- berries stacked in a pile. Some of the methods discussed here will decrease the bruising while others may increase it. Growers should consider this carefully as mechan- ical injury is associated with the quality the consumer receives. In the first bulk storage the idea was to put the berries in and take the berries out by means of convey- ors which would reduce greatly the laboi' required over handling field boxes or storage boxes. The field and storage box for cran- berries in Massachusetts if filled is only a 69.5 percent efficient use of the volume it occupies. The outside of a field box is 1.98 cubic feet. Bulk or bin storage will re- duce the capital eventually for at least the larger growers. The storage or field boxes will cost about a dollar to replace, there- fore storage for a hundred barrels in the present boxes would cost (in Massachusetts) about $300, yet the storage in the bins that have been mentioned or some of the ideas to follow will use less lumber and labor to build, and therefore will be cheaper. In some of the ideas, the cost of handling will be reduced. Many Thoughts A number of people have been talking about bin storage, some of them for a number of years and some of them for about a year. There have been almost as many ideas as there have been people talking about it. This paper is presented in order that all may benefit by the ideas which have been developed and possibly some new ideas will be forthcoming. Louis Sherman wanted to use the floor space more efficiently than he could by building bins that would hold only iVz to 5 feet of berries, so he suggested putting --SlA^ SHAWMUT GLASS CONTAINERS, Inc. REPRESENTING KNOX GLASS, Inc. 29 STILLINCS STREET BOSTON, MASS. in shelves so the depth of berries would be only l^^ to 2 feet at any one place, yet the bins would be about 8 feet deep. This is a good idea from the standpoint of effi- ciency of floor space, convenience of loading and unloading, also the depth of berries. The details which have not been completely worked out are loading and air flow (air will follow the path of least resistance or will go through the least depth of berries). Someone in Wisconsin, probably Bain or Dana (Lawrence), told me about the drawer. This seems good, a real idea of the future, so much in the future that it may be difficult for people to imagine it. The drawers would be about a foot deep and about four feet wide, while the length would be twenty-five to fifty feet. This drawer would have a front and a back but no sides, and a bottom of hardware cloth. When empty, the drawer will be rolled up and when it is filled will be pulled off the roll and into the storage. Bob Gottschalk, Wisconsin, would like to have large flat boxes 4 feet by 8 feet and one foot high, the flats to be stacked ten high. These flats would have a wire bottom and have 2x4 sup- ports on the bottom, and would be handled with a fork lift. This could be handled on trailers for dry picking and taken from the bog directly to the storage. Lawrence Dana suggested a bin or box 4x4 feet and 6 feet high. The bottom would be hard- ware cloth and pitched so the ber- ries would roll out when it was unloaded. This box would be hand- led with a fork lift. These last two methods permit the storage unit to be moved by a lift tractor and would have no extensive con- veyor belts. On the other hand, those considered first are fixed and call for an extension conveyor system to get the berries into them or out of them. Fixed stor- age would or should have tight joints in the air ducts and would be efficient, while the moveable bins would have to be properly placed and some opening such as those for the fork lifts closed Ten after the boxes are placed to get an efficient air flow. Wirebound Boxes The nxost recent thought is to use wirebound boxes which might be discussed, as the small box, used experimentally as a master container and a large one holding 600 to 800 pounds. The small ones could be used for dry picking like a field box, then moved right to the storage. After the field heat has been removed, these packages could be used to ship the berries, with the chaff, to the distant mark- ets to be screened and packaged near the retail markets. This has been done with many other fruits and vegetables, and would place much better quality in the hands of the consumer. The small wire- bound box used to ship the berries before screening would be used as a master container for the one- pound packages. In car lot ship- ments berries in wire'bound con- tainers have cooled quicker and remained cooler throughout ship- ment than berries in corrugated containers. These packages may be purchased with the covers sep- arate which would probably be more convenient. The large wire- bound box could be used by grow- ers who at present harvest into bags and could transfer to boxes. The full boxes could be left on the shore to be picked up by a truck v;ith a hoist. Another possible use would be to have two, three, or four of the small dry picking- machines operated together and convey all of the berries to a trailer which would have a wire- bound box. This wirebound box should be chosen so it would have a resale value in the area to which it was shipped. These wirebound boxes would have to be handled by hoist and fork-lifts, but they would greatly reduce the labor cost of handling. The large wire- bound box might be used to re- ceive the berries from the dryers. Suggestions Requested The cranberry industry has had considerable mechanization, but the field box and the storage box still go back to the days of hand picking. In view of that, this ar- ticle has been written with '^.he hope that all of the readers would think, and out of the thinking, some progressive ideas on the removal of field heat and storage of cran- berries would develop. The author would be pleased to receive com- ments, suggestions and new ideas. Stevens Visits New Jersey Ambrose E. Stevens general manager of the National Cran- berry Association, made his first trip to New Jersey in a cranberry capacity, holding a meeting at the Bordentov/n plant June 11. This was attended by about 100, in- cluding growers and wives, the number being cut down somewhat, perhaps, by the fact that a near cloudburst occurred just before the meeting. Stevens says he found a mild optimism among the growers and was much impressed by the Bor- dentown plant. He later was tak- en on a tour of some of the bogs and to meet some growers by Ed- dv Lipman, New Jersey manager of NCA. At the local USD A and state agricultural department at Trenton, Stevens cut two tapes for local radio recording. One was on sauce, requiring five min- utes, and the other on juice, three mmutes. Table 1 Minimum Temperature by Years and Months Recorded at East Wareham, Mass. Days at or below the indicated temperature Septembei r October Novembi er Degree 35 45* 55** 35 45* 55** 35 40* 45*** 1948 1 10 23 11 19 29 12 16 17 1949 1 9 21 7 17 25 24 27 29 1950 2 7 23 7 14 27 15 18 24 1951 2 5 13 6 16 27 18 18 25 1952 1 7 18 8 22 27 17 24 28 1953 1 7 15 4 17 27 17 22 29 1954 0 5 20 6 14 19 18 23 25 1955 0 9 19 4 14 27 18 22 26 1956 1 7 20 7 19 30 16 21 26 1957 3 6 14 5 20 29 18 23 30 * Includes 35" sf* Includes 45' J? ^ ^ Includes 40' "Cranberries In Wisconsin" (Cont. from last month) Pertinent facts from "Cranber- ries of Wisconsin", special bulle- tin No. 70. just issued by Wis- consin State Department of Agri- culture, Federal-State Crop Re- porting Service and the United States Department of Agriculture. Further, growers reported they could potentially double the state's total cranberry acreage by using suitable land available on their own holdings. It is possible to further expand production by in- creasing the px-oductivety of exist- ing bearing acreage with, more effective fertilizer use, better cul- tural practices, and improved in- sect disease and weed conti'ol pro- duction. "In fact in many in- stances it is more economical to expand cranberx-y px-oduction by more intensive cultivation pi-acti- ces than it is by increased plant- ings." Water Supply A dependable water supply is essential to successful commercial cranberx-y production. According to the 1949 survey an average of nV2 acres of pond or reservoir was used for each acx'e of cranberry marsh in 1948. About 7 acres of resex-voir were used for each acre of vines in the Cranmoor district in 1928. The 1949 survey indi- cated that 44 percent of the grow- ers obtained water from creeks, 28 percent used rivers, 14 percent used lakes and 19 percent secured their water from other sources such as springs, wells, and sur- face ditches. The 1952 survey indicated that about 40 percent of the growers reported ci-eeks as their water source. About 15 percent report- ed rivers and 14 percent reported lakes with about one-fifth indica- ting other water sources in the in the 1956 survey. About half of these growers used both creeks and rivers with the others em- ploying a vax'iety of diffex-ent com- binations of water sources. (To Be Continued) Eleven Sprinkled Experimental Acre, showing soil plots, pumphouse in background. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Two New Workers, Mass. Station - New Research Acre Two new workers and a new long-range research project are additions to activities at Massa- chusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham. Assisting Dr. Bert Zuckerman, Station pathologist is John W. Coughlin, who will study nema- toids, mainly in cranberry soils. Walter Kentfield has been assigned to assist Prof. "Stan" Norton, en- gineering research specialist. An actual aci'e of the State Bog has been set aside for many ex- periments, includinf^ overhead sprinkler irrigation, frost control, draining and soil tests. Ditch water level in this acre is to be held at least two and a half feet below the bog floor and water put back through the sprinklers alone. Dr. F. B. Chandler, soil expert, will conduct tests on drainage and of known cranberry soils. The acre was designed and laid out by Norton. The irrigation system consists of Carlon plastic pipe, with two- inch mains, 300 feet long and three quarter inch laterals, 40 feet both ways. An innovation is that the plastic is buried in the bog bed, at a slope to provide for drainage. Risers, 12 inches in height, are from four to ten inches above the bog floor. Installation is designed to be permanent and there is nothing to interfere with ordinary bog operations, as in the layout of m?ny systems with piping above ground. Heads are Rain Bird, No. 20, and at present total 26. Each head is designed to throw 2^/4 gal- lons a minute, providing for an acre inch of water in about IV2 hours. Water source is a section ditch, over which a small pumphouse has been constructed with a Myers centrifigal pump powered by a Wisconsin gas engine. Thermo couples have been installed to ac- curately measure the eff^ect of sprinkling at various temperature ranges; involved would be the size of berries and of size of crop on a basis of better drainage and water provided by sprinklers as against ditch irrigation. A principal problem hoped to be solved is the theory that a bog so well drained and comparatively dry will bring about deeper root system of the vines. Another thought is that the drier bog floor Avill be much firmer than one water soaked, and an all-puiT3Cse tractor will be tried out in projects such as sanding, chemical weed control, pruning. The amount of mechani- cal damage to vines can be deter- mined. Known cranberry soils have been mixed in plots under direct- ion of Dr. Chandler, one plot hav- ing peat over sand and another sand over peat. Coughlin, 27, who will work un- der the direction of Dr. Zuckerman arrived June first for the summer only. Born in Stoneham, Massa- chusetts, he attended and was graduated from Medford High School. He spent two years in the U. S. Army in the field of neuro- psychiatric work. He was sta- Twelve NEW IMPROVED 1958 WESTERN PICKER In Massachusetts this year MANUFACTURED BY J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 GIBBS AVE. WAREHAM, MASS. TEL. Wareham 64-W SALES AGENT LOUIS SHERMAN 7 CUSHMAN ST. PLYMOUTH Repair Service, Braley's and Bob Melvelle's Repair Shop Rocky Meadow Rd. RFD No. 2 Middleboro Bob William's Garage Brewster AsWey's Garage East Freetown Contact any of above for information or WESTERN PICKERS 1172 Hemlock Ave. COOS BAY, OREGON tioned in Texas, Colorado and Kansas. In 1950 he entered Stockbridge School of Agricuture, a division of the University of Massachusetts, where he majored in forestry. He holds a B. S. degree in that sub- ject from the University and has also had one year in entomology. His work will be mainly in re- search in nematoids, a microscop- ic parasitic worm. The studies will be largely on nematoids found in cranberry soils, and this, as far as is known, is the first venture into this field as concerns soils of the cranberry. He expects to re- turn to the University in the fall, where his studies will continue to- ward a master's degree, probably in the field of nematoids, which is a growing area of agricultural research. It is hoped he will be able to continue research prob- lems for the cranberry station during the winter and possibly re- turn next season. He is single and living at East Wareham during the working week This project is made possible by federal funds. Kentfield is a native of North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, but he is more recently of East Dover, Vermont. There he operated a farm of his own for the past seven years. He was concerned mostly with maple tree and dairy farming. He spent some time in the West, but has been near or on a farm all his life and has had much exper- ience in both mechanical and man- ual farm work. He will assist in machine shop work under Norton, doing various machine jobs such as welding and anything else which comes under the engineering John W. Coughlin Will Study Nematoids in Cranberry Soils. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Thjrtee^j) research work of Prof. Norton. This is a new, permanent posi- tion among the Station workers. Kentfield is married, has three children and is living on the prop- erty of Ruel S. Gibbs at South Carver. New Jersey Frost Loss The frost whoch did some dam- age in Massachusetts on night of June 6th and morning of the 7th also hit New Jersey. The dew- point was very low and it was a "■black" frost. Some blueberries were hurt and some cranberries. Few reports of serious injury came in to the Experiment Sta- tion at Pemberton, and it may not have been too damaging for the state asa whole. Frost was aparently more severe along the Atlantic coast than inland. NCA to Test Berry Holding At Onset Plant A test project to determine if cranberries can be made to hold up in controlled storage so they may be sold in the first four months of a year is getting un- dei-way by the National Cranber- ry Association. The plan is two-fold, General Manager Ambrose E. Stevens says. The first will be to test the ability of the fruit to remain suitable that long for fresh con- sumption, and the second, to see if there is demand for fresh cran- berries in January, February, March and April. The matter was brought up by the co-operative's shrinkage com- mittee, Chester Robbins of Onset, chairman, at the May meeting of directors. Test is to be made at the Onset plant, where a room is being pre- Walter Kentfield Assists in Engineering Department. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Fourteen pared to hold about 7,000 barrels at controlled temperatures and humidity. The temperature will be 38 degrees and the humidity 85, with automatic controls and auto- matic ventilation. Insulation is to be of fibre glass. Installation systems with pumps and compressors will be similar to those in a modem super-market refrigerator section and to mod- ern apple coolers. The cost is re- ported as approximately 840,000. Directors voted approval of set- ting up this facility, thereby pro- viding a test, looking forward to providing more berries from fu- ture pools to sell on the fresh market. Spiced Berries In New Recipes Spiced cranberry jellies, from Cransweets furnished by Cran- berry Products, Inc. of Eagle Riv- er, Wisconsin have been prepared by USDA, Horticultural Research Service at New Orleans, The candies were made in the candy laboratory, as part of the coopera- tive research project with the Nat- ional Manufacturers' Association. Several recipes were developed for use of the spiced cranberries in the confectionary field. New Picker To Massachusetts Visiting Massachusetts in late May was Lawrence Dana, Dana Machine & Supply Company, Wis- L'onsin Rapids, Wisconsin bring- ing with him a new model of the Getsinger Picker. This is a mach- ine on which the operator rides. Mr. Dana, while in Massachu- setts, \isited Mr. and Mrs. Ray- mond Morse. The picker remains for vino training and use in the fall, BANDON (ORE.) PLANS FOR 12TH FESTIVAL B a n d o n , Oi'egon is already starting on its plans for the 12th annual cranberry festival. This is to be October 10, 11. The first "princesses" to appear were Linda Sutherlane, sponsored by Bandon Junior Chamber of Commerce and Carlleen Metzger by the American Lagion. ii^iin— M^m— n— bh— n^m^n^"— ••^"— •■— •"^"~~""~^"" fidlf^als ISSUE OF JUNE 1958 VOL. 23 .■■^_ai.^ii^— »^— nii^— m^— nn- .nii^— «ii-^iin-^in^— nn^— iin-^iiil^— nci^— «»^— II"- NO. 2 ^ ^^*i«»»*».CMMa»«,^ 1.^1111— .nil— ii«.^»ii^M^oil—»»^iiii— II II— nil^""'^""—""-"""'^"""^""""""^"'*' PROLONGING FRESH SALES AN EXPERIMENT WHICH could have long-range and important effects upon the marketing situation is to be conducted by- National Cranberry Association. This is the setting up of a storage room at the Onset plant in which berries will be kept at controlled temperature and humidity until after the first of the year following harvest. It would test how well berries can stand up for a long period for consumption as fresh fruit. These berries placed in the market would also test whether there is demand for fresh cranberries after the holidays, through the winter months and into spring. If this preliminary small-scale project works out it would be a means of placing more berries into fresh sales and at the opposite end taking fruit out of the pro- cessed fruit pool, thus relieving it. In some years, at least, there is de- mand for cranberries after the big buying for the holidays. As markets would other- wise be bare of fresh cranberries ther^ might develop an active demand and pos- sibly at higher prices than when cran- berries are common in the market. It could be a means of extending the period of fresh cranberry sales and could work out to a betterment in cranberry mc^rketing. At least, we think the experi- ment is a step in the right direction. Any flcD ir-, which if not too costly and has rea- sonable possibilities of improving the cur- rent demand-price situation. GOV. RESEARCH HELP VERNON GOLDSWORTHY, president of Wisconsin's Cranberry Products, Inc. (as shown by a brief item in this issue) takes advantage of Federal Research in new products. The Southern Utilization Research and Development Division devel- oped several samples and recipes for new spiced cranberry candy jellies. He reports he has received quite a bit of help in developing formulas. The whole cranberry industry could be benefited, very Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts CORRESPONDENTS—ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Wisconsin Rapids Washington — Oregon CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. | BERTRAM TOMLINSON I Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey likely, in this way. Particularly if the Cranberry Institute, currently not doing much should become active in seeking such assistance on a nation-wide basis in finding new outlets for cranberries. FROM that newly-arranged and experi- mental sprinkled acre at Massachusettes State Bog there may come some develop- ments of much interest to the industry. More should certainly be known about cranberry soils and more about overhead irrigation and frost control. Fifteen Betty Buchan, National Cran- berry Association, is shown speak- ing at a membership clinic attend- ed by representatives of farmer cooperatives and the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, held in Her- shey, Pennsylvania, recently. At right is Gardner Norcross, United Cooperative Farmers, and left, J. K. Stern, president, American Institute of Cooperation. Betty has also been invited to serve as toastmistress at the wo- men's luncheon at AIC's annual meeting in August. — Photo from News For Farmer Cooperatives published by the U. S. D. A. published by th U. S. D, A. Rudy Hillstrom In Massachusetts Rudy Hillstrom of Western Pickers, Coos Bay, Oregon, is in Massachusetts, making arrange- ments for the machine sales and service this yeai". He arrived by plane June 12th and will remain until about July 4th. Machines are to be manufac- tured in Massachusetts by J. E. Braley & Son, machine shop in Wareham, with Louis Sherman of Plymouth as general sales agent. During 1957, machines were made on the West Coast, with trials in both Oregon and Wash- ington on a new model which is now annouced as the 1958 West- ern Picker. Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page 6) WASHINGTON that Manzate has been approved for use on cranberries in his area. Up to the present this material had been registered for use in other areas, not in Pacific North- west. WISCONSi N May Deficient May was slightly below normal in both precipitation and temper- ature in the cranberry areas of the state. Mean temperatures for the (Continued On Page 18) Sixteen Kill All Major Cranberry Insects with Malathion • Helps You Avoid Residue Problems • Offers Safety in Use Five seasons use has proved mal- athion's superiority as a cranberry insecticide. Early spraying or dust- ing with malathion protects the new crop against damage from black and yellow-headed fireworms, false armyworms, blossom worms, tipworms, cutworms and blunt- nosed leafhoppers. Later in the season, malathion controls the highly destructive fruitwortn. Offers safety in use Malathion is a phosphate insecti- cide with low toxicity to man and animals. Its wide safety margin makes it ideal for air application . . . especially in and around popu- lated areas. Avoid residue problems Malathion's fast disappearing resi- dues allow application on cranber- ries up to 72 hours before harvest. photo courtesy of the National Cranberry Association Residues will be well below the limits established by law. Compatible with other chemicals Malathion is compatible with most fungicides and other insecticides... another reason why so many growers are making it the basic insecticide in their spray schedules. Over 100 manufacturers sell mala- thion insecticides under their own brand names ... in emulsifiable liq- uids, dusts and wettable powders. For additional information on the uses of malathion, write: American Cyanamid Company, Agricultural Division, New York 20, New York. Advt. Seventeen # M^mmkmmm '■A, ^JKr The new Call Air Agricultural Atw/ood and Garland Brooks of Un New Type Plane In Mass, Use A type of airplane for spraying and dusting new to the cranberry industry, at least in Massachusetts, has been placed in service this season by the Ben W. Atwood Aerial Spraying Sei-vice, Hanson. This is a Call Air, manufactured in Afton, Wyoming and is exten- sively used in the West in all forms Plane at Hanovci ited Cape Cod Cranberry Company of agriculture. The machine is especially de- signed for agriculture dusting, spraying, fertilizing, sowing of seed. It has a high safety factor, and a rate of climb of 500 feet per minute. It carries a pay load ap- proximately its own weight. Powered with a 150 h.p. Wycom- ing, the plane has a gross weight of 2150 pounds. Wing span is 35 ft. 51/2 inches, length 23 ft. and with (left to right) Marcus L. Urann, Pilot Ben (CRANBERRIES Photo) 9% inches, heighth 7 ft, 10 inches. It can operate over a 250 mile radius with maximum pay load. Ceiling is 17,500 feet and it ' cruises at 82 miles per hour. Mr. Atwood has operated for United Cape Cod Cranberry Co. (sf Hanson and others for several years and this firm, which has two air strips will be a principal user of the new plane. ^ Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page 16) month was 54.6 degrees compared to an average of 55.2 degrees. Maximumu for the month was 90 degrees on the 14th and minimum was 18 degrees on the 6th. The first week of the month was cold and rainy, the middle two weeks warm and dry and the latter pait of the month was cool and rainy. Precipitation varied considerably with the northern half of the state receiving above normal and the southern half well below normal. Overall deficiency was from .75 to 1.34 inches below the normal of 3.52 inches. Ground water table was reported 1.60 feet below nor- mal. Deficiences in precipitation for the year now average above 3.50 inches. The June weather outlook is for warm weather and above normal precipitation. Nor- mal temperature for June is 65.0 and normal precipitation is 4.63 inches. Retarded The cool weather in May retar- ded vine development along with Eighteen frequent frost flooding. Fertiliz- ing operations were held up by the wet condition of the marshes. First brood fireworm control start- ed the last of the month, which was about one week late. Except for isolated cases the worms are in good control. Cool damp weather the last week in May hampered dust applications. Spring Chemicals Stoddard solvent and kerosene was being spot sprayed the latter part of the month, along with some under vine boom spraying with solvent. Growers were get- ting their swabbing booms ready to apply dalapon on various grass- es over the top \'ines in early June. Experimental work was continu- ing with dalapon, amino triazole and meleic hydrzide. It appears that the use of the systemic herb- icides will be greatly increased as soon as pre-harvest clearance has been given them. Dr. Dana is continuing his experimental work trying some of the later herbicides. Varieties Planted A check on the varieties plant- ed by Wisconsin growers this spring still showed preference to Searles with Pure Bain McFarlins second and scattered plantings of Ben Lears, Stevens and Black Veils. More Bain McFarlins are expected to be planted in the fut- ure. Most planting was completed by the first of June and growers had a good cool wet planting seas- on. They now are hoping ."or some warm weather. Cattle Outnumber People A recent survey in Wood County, which is the leading county in Wisconsin for cranberry acreage and production, showed that cattle outnumber people in the county roughly 40,000 to 30,000. Washington Bulletin Estimates a month later of the bad freeze in Washington on May 12 is that about half the buds were killed, although this will be determined with more accuracy after blossoming time. Charles C. Doughty, superintendent of the Cranberry Experiment Station at (Continued On Page 20) READ Cranberries Magazine You can stop f niit rots and improve quality with reliable DuPont Fermate Ferbam Fungicide '^ou can depend on 'Termate" to prevent -■- rot of the berries on the bushes or while in storage. "Fermate" gives this protection through excellent control of fungus diseases that attack cranberries. What's more, "Fermate" is mild. It's hard on fungus diseases but its gentle action means minimum danger of burning or stunting tender flowers, leaves or fruits. For brush and weed control use these effective chemicals "Ammate" X Weed and Brush Killer . . . For control of brush, poison ivy and to prevent resproutinsr of stumps, you can't beat Du Pont "Ammate" X. It kills both foliage and roots ; prevents regrowth. "Ammate" X is non-volatile, reduces to a minimum the hazard of damage by spray drift. This is the ideal chemical wherever brush is a problem. "Karmex" W monuron Herbicide . . . For spot treat- ment and long-term control of annual weeds and grasses around buildings, farmyards, fences, etc., use new "Karmex" W monuron Herbicide. Only ^/i to V2 cup of the che'mical in 2 gallons of water is enough to control vegetation on 100 square feet for an extended period. "Karmex" W monuron is non- volatile', non-flammable and non-corrosive to equip- ment. Your bogs will give you higher yields of cleaner fruit when you use "Fermate." It's available for sprays or dusts. For most effective spray coverage and protection of waxy foliage add Du Pont Spreader- Sticker to the spray mixture. See your dealer for full information and supplies. Ask him for free litera- ture on "Fermate" and other reliable Du Pont products. Or write Du Pont, Grasseli Chemicals Department, Wilming- ton, Delaware. On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warn- ings carefully. Fermate Ferbam Fungicide "ES.U.s. PAT.OFf BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING .... THROUGH CHEMISTRY Nin€?teen SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page 18) Long Beach, says he does not now expect more than 30,0UU to 35,0UU ^arrels. Last year, with 83,000 barrels, Washington was third producing state. Pi-esent esttimate of Long- Beach production is 121,000, last year 21,000; Grayland, including iNorth Shore area, 20,000, last year (52,000. All bogs sutt'ered some damage, this varying from about 20 per- cent to 95 or total loss. LATE WiSCONSIN Reports from sources in Wis- consin say that although it has been a late, cold season, vines seem to be coming along very well. There was presumably some water damage because of frost floods, and because, with water scarce, some growers left water on. A larger crop than in 1957 may be expected if things go well from now on, possibly 325,000 barrels or better it is now being esti- mated. Rains were better in early June. But water table is 4 inches below normal. LATE MASSACHUSETTS Two June frosts occurred in Massachusetts, one on the night of June 4 and the second on the night of June 6. Both caused loss- Portable Sprinkler Irrigation Sales, services, and engi- neering information for complete frost protection. Save your crop and save money too. Always have a complete line of new systems for sale, also fre- quently used systems and rental systems. Eric Franke R.R. 5, County Trunk "U" Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin es on dry bogs and on high edges of bogs flooded, the first real loss of the current season. A check by i-.x'/.erimcrt Stativ'»n staff has placed the damage as possibly two percent, maybe 10,000 barrels of the crop now estimated in prospect. Frost of June 4 was the most severe, coming before midnight. Bog temperatures varied from 22 to 30 with the evening forecast being 28-29. Twenty-nine and a half was about the tolerance. Sec- ond frost brought readings from 24% to 27. There was some v/ind during the night. Both frosts were general, over Cape Cod proper and in all sections of Plymouth County. First twelve days of June were rainy, gloomy and colder than normal, temperatures being ap- proximately two degrees a day be- low the average. Bogs continue about a week behind normal in de- velopment. li!!!H:ll;l INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN "Ask The Grower Who Belongs' INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin WE NEED TWO WAYS TO SELL QUR CROP To Fresh Sales we must add increased Processed Uses. Our Numerous Lines are Helping the 1 ndustry in this Respect. Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Twenty SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWlRt CONVERTERS of Cranberry growers have enjoyed CELLOPHANE POLYETHYLENE and other Flexible Materials Plain or Printed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides BAGS ROLL STOCK Better Chemicals For Agriculture SHEETING TOMAH PRODUCTS, INC. Crop-Saver Chemical Company TOMAH, WISCONSIN Spring Green, Wisconsin PHONE 800 THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS (i€tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA and FLOW GATES DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point 1 1 Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230-231 Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! Deserves A Subscription to It is available for those who have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry Cranberries; too — BB-^— i i i Bright New Way To Start The Day! *-,*|^'''^i%s (^cea/iSp^ Cranberry Juice For Breakfast Cranberry growers are enthusiastic about the new Ocean Spray campaign aimed at the breakfast fruit juice market. All thru July, August and September, big newspaper ads and hard-hitting radio announcements will urge consumers to enjoy this tangy treat every morning. New users mean new sales. Introducing new products and developing new uses are an important part of the big marketing job NCA does for its grower members. Just ask your neighbor. |NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION GROWERS' CO-OPERATIVE, HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS IRVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :ape cod new jersey wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA ALVIN R. REID, Mass. Grower Has Faith in Industry. (CRANBERRIES, Photo 35 Cents JULY 1958 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS ^Worcester Paper | Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays — »» ■■— Get the right product for every pest problem Use ... the first choice of Commercial Growers GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION 40 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. MIDDLEBORCUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS The Federal Deposit Member of Insurance Corporation Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service AMES IRRIGATION SYSTEMS RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS PRIZER APPLICATORS FOR FERTIUZERS & INSEaiCH)ES The Charles W. Harris Company 26 Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAri'I At Screenhouses, Boss and Pumps Means Satisfactioa WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 6M Member Federal Depoait Insurance Corp. ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES I >iRECTOR Y " l WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters MSB^ Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. Cape Growers To Meet August 19 Annual meeting of tiie Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association will be an all-day affair at the Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Tuesday, August 19. Directors, meeting at the station drew up preliminary plans. There was no spring meeting of the organization this year and it is planned to make the annual event an outstanding one. Pro- gram is still in planning. Events, however, will include the usual business meeting, elec- ! NEW t BURLAP BAGS I for your tion of officers, probably ap ex- hibit of cranberry equipment and a tour of new research develop- ments at the bog, preliminary crop estimate from C. D. Stevens, chief New England statistician and sev- eral speakers. FARM WITH CRANBERRY INCOME 177 acre f^rm, 7 acres of cranberries. Ideal expansion possibilities. Ample water sup- ply. Modern buildings. Write for details and pictures. Carl Jensen, Warrens, Route 1, Wis- consin. I I PICKING MACHINES MADE TO ORDER I WHITMAN BAG CO. ! 1 WHITMAN, MASS. 1 1 Peter B. Berman 1 ! Tel. JUniper 3-6466 j CRANBERRIES is the only- publication of the industry which accepts advertising ELECTRICITY Works For You With The Throw Of A Switch It Is clean. Efficient - Releases Men For Other Bog Work. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL. 1300 One COMMUNICATION (Editor's Note: In view of the harvest season now approaching, and the mounting intex'est in effi- cient harvestig methods, the fol- lowing letter is published. It also gives some pertinent reasons from an experienced grower as to why Washington is progressing rapidly in production and produc- tion per acre. The writer has been averaging better than 100 barrels to the acre.) Mr. Clarence J. Hall Editor, CRANBERRIES Wareham, Massachusetts Dear Sir: I observed your comments and also those of "Chuck" Doughty of the Washington State Experiment Station at Long Beach, on the ex- ceptional crop in Grayland in the past year, which were printed in the recent issues of CRANBER- RIES magazine. It brought to my mind the thought that perhaps the Western Picker has been a bit responsible for this higher production per acre, too, certainly not all because God and this weather is all pow- erful. But perhaps a small por- tion, as I shall attempt to point out. Since 1950 I have sold over 100 Western Pickers in the Grayland area. They have been doing a very good job of harvesting the crops here, and all of them are still being used. In this time, I have heard men complain that this Western would ruin the Grayland area, and the same men came back a few years later and bought a machine of their own and are still getting crops and better crops than before. The reason for this is, I think, that the machine combs out the vines, thinning and pruning in a manner which very few growers were practicing before. This has been told to me by top men in cranberry growing in this area many times. My personal experience with the machine is such that I know it takes practice to pick a field of cranberries properly with it. And Two a man improves his technique sea- son after season. If he is on the ball, he gets busy and irons out the bumps and hollows and makes the job a lot simpler. He adopts his fertilizer program to the ma- chine by increasing the phosphate to improve the root strength and structure. He also adopts a pat- tern to pick by making sure first that it is the most efficient to- ward getting the berries from the field, and then he sticks to it year after year. And prior to com- mencing the harvest and twice a day during harvest, he makes Continued on Page 4 For A Life Time Flume Job USE ALL HEART REDWOOD All Lengths Select and Construction Grade Timbers 4x4 4x6 6x6 6x8 i I Flume Grade Planking 2x6 2x8 2x10 PROMPT DELIVERY SERVICE LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME JOBS Price List of Redwood on Request E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDI^BORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY Makers of •3- REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these tine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA^cornoll • KARO*syrup • LINIT*dry and liquid starches BOSCO chocolate flavored syrup • NU'SUFT fabric softener NIAGARA instant starch * ARGO corn and gloss starches KASCO® dog food ler rinse Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist The spring' frost season gave Massachusetts cranberry growers a parting shot on June 17. A num- ber of bogs dropped below 30° on that date and one bog temper- ature of 26.5° was reported. Frost damage this spring has been wide spread throughout the cranberry area and severe on some bogs, "Umbrella blooms" have been com- mon. However, in terms of pos- sible crop reduction, we have placed the damage at approximately 3 percent of a normal crop, or possi- bly 16,000 to 17,000 barrels. A total of 19 frost warnings were released this spring, equalling the same number issued last spring. George Rounsville handled the frost forecasting work in his usual capable manner. We are also indebted to the weather ob- servers, telephone distributors, telephone operators, and the four radio stations for the important part they played in this service. Our new system for receiving the frost message, including the ex- planation of terms used in the warnings, has been well received by growers and will be continued this fall. Temperatures in June averaged approximately 3° per day below normal and rainfall was also bo- low normal. Incidentally, June and March are the only months out of the last eight when rainfall has been less than normal. We now have a total of 36.39 inches of rain for the first six months in 1958, or within 8 inches of our yearly average. The low temper- atures experienced in June did add 2 points to our final keeping qual- ity forecast, making a total of 4 points out of a possible 18 which favor good keeping quality next fa'll — the same total as last year when conditions were far from satisfactory. It is apparent that the odds this year do not favor good keeping quality unless cor- rective steps are taken. Refer- ence is made of course to the proper use of fungicides. We are happy to report that at least 2000 acres of bog in Massachusetts are being treated with fungicides this year, which is a tremendous accomplishment and a very tangi- ble indication of the growers in- terest in sound fruit. Insect activity in general has been the lightest in years, at least up to the fruitworm season. It is too soon to know the extent of damage that may result from the fruitworm, second brood of fireworm, new brood of weevil, and Sparganothis fruitworm but early reports (July 16) do not ap- pear to indicate an extensive in- festation of these pests. However, bogs should be checked every 3 or 4 days for the above insects. We want to emphasize again the im- portance of using the hand lens in making egg counts of the fruit- worm and urge growers to use the insect net to determine the types and numbers of insects present so that proper control measures can be taken. A little extra effort with these tools will enable growers to properly time their pesticide treat- ments and often saves the expense of extra spray and dust applica- tions. Before leaving this subject of pest control, we would like to again stress the importance of heeding the warning outlined at the bottom of the insect and di- sease control chart. Too many growers are still exposing them- selves unnecessarily to parathion and related chemicals. A flash card was mailed to grow- ers in mid-July from their County Extension Service featuring some timely information on the use of amino triazole after harvest. It was pointed out that excellent con- trol of cutgrass, nutgrass, asters, panic grasses, and white violets can be obtained by applications of amino triazole after harvest. The recommended rate is 16 lbs. of 50% amino triazole in 300 gal- lons of water per acre, as indicated in the weed chart. Less damage to the vines will occur if treatment is delayed until at least 5 days after harvest. For best results these weeds should be green at time of treatment. A second weed note pointed out the value of treating ditch Aveeds with fuel oil and sodium arsenite during the summer months. Growers should keep in mind that sodium arsenite is a deadly poison. The committee appointed by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers As- sociation to study the vandalism problem around bog properties has been active. As a result of a meeting with the Southeastern Massachusetts Police Chiefs As- sociation when the problem was discussed before their group, a special committee of police chiefs- was appointed to work with our group. A meeting was held re- cently and a number of suggestions were discussed. The police stres- sed again the importance of grow- ers reporting immediately each case of vandalism. The possibility of initiating special legislation that would result in heavier penalties for those apprehended was sug- gested. It was felt that equipment like batteries, etc., should be mark- ed by growers so they could be identified if necessary. A report of the committee's work will be given at the August meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association. The 71st Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers As- sociation will be held Tuesday, August 19, at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station beginning at 10 a.m. The program will feature guided tours of the State Bog to inspect some of the insect, disease, and weed control work, the new seedling plantation, and experi- ments in water management. There will be a fine equipment display. Three The popular (jhicken-cranberry bar- beque will be served at noon. The afternoon program includes a re- port of Station staff members and will conclude with a crop report by Mr. C. D. Stevens. President Ferris Waite announces that all cranberry growers and their fam- ilies are cordially invited to attend this annual meeting. Communication Continued from Page 2 sure the machine is oiled and ad- justed properly. Many factors are involved in this increased production. Prob- ably No. 1 is the many more sprinkler systems in use today than ten years ago. No. 2 is the better understanding of applying fungicides, and the ever-increas- ing attention given to this prob- lem by the growers and the state experiment stations to which the growers have been voluntarily contributing toward research on twig blight and rose bloom. No. 3 is the attention which has been directed toward the insect program in the area by growers and the county agents to the ex- tent that the insects are largely eliminated or isolated on aban- doned land. No. 4 is the much better under- standing and use of the fertilizers available on the market today. No. 5 is the increased attention to the drainage problem, and No. 6 is the fact that we have learned to cultivate the bogs toward im- proving our mechanical picking process and at the same time re- duce the amount of drop, or ber- ries left on the ground. Sincerely, JOHN R. O'HAGAN Grayland, Washington Eldred S. Mosher Eldred S. Mosher, 74, cranberry grower, died at his home, Pine Ridge Rd., Buzzards Bay, Massa- chusetts Sunday, July 20th. He was the operator of the former Nye bogs at Head-of-the-Bay. These are properties of consider- able acreage. Prior to that he owned bogs in Carver. He had Four- lived there for 35 years. As well as growing cranberries he opera- ted a school bus line and did work for the street department. He was born in New Germany, Nova Scotia. He was a member of the Carver Grange. He leaves a widow, Harriet G. (Snow) Mosher; two daughters, Mrs. Doris E. Dunkler of Brock- ton, Mass., and Mrs. A. Ruth Wes- on of Carver; two sons, Eldred S. Jr., Carver and John Nealey of Nova Scotia. There are also 11 grandchildren and four great- grandchildren. HAIL IS ON THE WAY WATCH OUT, MR. GROWER PROTECT YOUR PRODUCTION COSTS If you had a loan and lost your crop by hail you would still have to pay — let Hail Insurance do this for you. Our new policy protects the berries and vines against hail and fire from the time the water is off in the Spring until after harvest. CRANBERRY RATES ARE LOW For further information write or call : Alvin R. Reid Main Street, Hanson, Mass. Cypress 3-6336 Cypress 3-6441 C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 Issue of July 1958 - Vol. 23 No. 3 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-oflfice at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8, 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS June Cold Month June went down in 1958 weath- er records as the coldest and gloomiest in at least ten years. Temperatures averaged 3.3 de- grees a day below the average. The chilliness of the month and of the entire spring had retarded cranberry growth by about ten days. Adds to Keeping Quality The cool June did, however, ac- complish one thing favorable, that is, it added two points to the keep- ing quality forecast. This now stands at four out of a possible 16, the same low figure as last season. Rainfall Under Normal There was a reversal in the rainfall pattern for the first time in many months, total precipita- tion for 30 days being 2.88 as against the average 3.18. It seemed a much wetter month than it actually was, as a number of days had drizzle, fog or were cloudy. First Heat Wave June 28 brought the first heat wave of the season, which contin- ued into July. Temperatures averaged mostly in the 80s, with a high of 91 on July 2. There was high humidity, real tropical weather. N E W J E R S E Y Coolest June Weather records taken at the Cranberry and Blueberry Re- search Laboratory at New Lisbon show that this was the coolest June in the 29-year weather re- cording history at this place. The average temperature was 66.8° F., which is 0.6° cooler than the previous average low for this month in 1955. The average maximum daily temperature was 79.6°, the only time it has been below 80° in June at this locality. The average daily minimum tem- perature was 53.9°, also a new low. Indicative of the coolness of the month were^ the 15 days in which the maximum temperature failed to reach 80° and the 23 nights during which the minimum was below 60°. ' Rainfall Less After seven consecutive months of above normal rainfall, the June »'<<" ^ ' total of 3.53 inches fell short of normal by 0.32 of an inch. For the first six months of the year the accumulated precipitation was 31.25 inches, 10.46 inches more than normal and only about 12 inches less than the usual amount for an entire year. A Frosty Month Cranberry growers had fre- quent sleepless nights throughout the month, as more than the usual number of frost alerts were is- sued. Several nights were on the margin of doing damage. On the morning of June 7, temperatures dropped to about 24° in some areas and some damage occurred, especially to bogs in the Toms River area. Aerial Spraying and Dusting ^i"<.. '»'.» FertiSizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weitbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 I I I I ■ I I five Sparganothis There is an unusually heavy first generation infestation of Sparganothis fruitworms through- out the State this year. Several growers are attempting airplane applications of Zineb for rot con- trol, WISCONSIN June Cool, Dry June was unusually cool and dry. The first three weeks of the month were exceptionally cool and dry. The last week brought war- mer temperatures and general rains over the cranberry areas, amounting to about one inch. Mean temperature for the month was 62.5 degrees compared to an aver- age of 65.0 degrees. Maximum for the month was 87 degrees on the 27th and minimum was 22 degrees on the 14th. Precipitation again varied throughout the growing areas, with all areas being below the normal of 4.63 inches. Defe- ciencies in precipitation for the month was from .50 to 1.25 inches. Defeciencies in precipitation for the year now measure 5.14 inches and ground water table remains 1.75 feet below normal. The July extended outlook is for cool and wet in the north to near normal in the south. Normal temperature for July is 70.4 degrees and norm- al precipitation is 3.53 inches. A series of tornadoes on the evening of June 4 struck north western Wis. killing 28 persons, injuring 350 and damaging over 500 homes. The storm missed the cranberry areas, but brought much needed rain to the northern marshes. Hail on the 15th in the north west and north east caused some damage to marshes, but losses were light due to late hook development. The cold spring and summer has cut the Wis. cherry crop to an esti- mated 40 ^r of normal and the apple crop about half of normal. All crops in the state have been retarded by the cool weather. Heavy frosts on the 5th and 14th seriously damaged the potato crop in north east Wis. There was some scattered frosts damage on marshes those nights, but overall damage was light. Fireworm First brood firew^orm control nxeasures were completed the end of the first week of June. Control appeared good in spite of adverse weather conditions. Fruitworm millers were delayed in emerging due to the weather. Second brood fireworm were also expected to be late, unless temperatures improv- ed. Little damage was expected from either. Vine Development Vine development picked up the last week of June. First blossoms were observed on June 8th. A good scattering of bloom was ap- pearing the latter part of the month on southern marshes, with very little bloom in the north. Full bloom was not expected in the south until July 15 and the north until July 20, or about a week to ten days later than norm- al. A high population of bumble bees was noted in the south and tame bees were being moved in to help supplement pollination. New plantings were starting to grow well the latter part of the month. Dalapon and Amino Ti-ia- zole was being swabbed on a large acreage with apparent good re- sults. Crop Prospects Good Crop prospects look good for Wis. this year based on the follow- ing reasons. Budding was from ten to twenty per cent better than the previous year. Most marshes had a fairly light crop last year, following the bumper 1956 crop. Insects are in good control, more fertilizer is being applied and drainage is being continually im- proved. Marshes are getting clean- er with the better use of chemi- cals, better drainage and picking machines. Early set looks very good, bumble bee population is up and the weather outlook, while not the best, appears promising. An estimated one hundred fifty Continued on Page 16 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Six Meeting Today's Conditions In Cranberry Industry By Mechanization by LOUIS SHERMAN With the high cost and scarcity of labor, the only way out is mechanization. This is the way I saw the future of the cranberry industry back in the 1940's. The two most costly operations were harvesting and sanding; these required mostly manual labor, which was very scarce. During the war years in 1942 with labor not available, I built a cranberry picking-machine. It was impossible to get any new material, so it was made up with whatever I found in the junk yard. It worked pretty well, considering the makeshift materials used. I thought it best to wait until after the war, wthen new materials would again be available, before trying to complete it. In 1947, Mr. Hillstrom brought the first Western Picker from the West Coast, Which I tried on a rental basis. It worked fairly well, and I thought it had great possibilities, after a few improvements which I suggested. For the 1950 harvesting, I house, removing vines and chaff, bought m|y first two Western Pickers. Eight scoopers promised to scoop for me, but on picking day, not one of them showed up. I was thankful that I had at least the two machines. With 50 acres of bog ready to pick and no scoop- ers, I really was in a spot. I kept the machines running continuously by staggering the lunch hour. I ran the machine while each opera- tor would have his lunch. As long as the vines were dry, we worked until dark and managed to get the crop harvested in time, with the help of a few week-end scoopers. Got 99% of Crop The following year I bought my third machine, so that I would never have to depend upon scoop- ers. There was, also, quite a sav- ing on harvesting costs. Last year I used seven Western Pickers and we picked 99% of our crop, dropping less than 1%. My bogs are now all trained for machine picking. My operators go through a training period before I allow them to go on the bogs. This is why we can pick almost all of the berries with minimum vine damage. The last year that my bogs were scooped, my cost for harvesting and pruning was $2.62 per barrel, while in 1957, my cost for the same operation was only 64 cents per barrel. This included picking, ■wheeling-off, carting to screen- stacking berries in screenhouse, carting vines and chaff to dump, and pruning the bog. We wheel off with a special ja- lopy which was made in 1953 for this purpose. It is now used for all types of bog work (Cranber- ries Magazine — August 1954). It is used for fertilizing, spraying, cleaning ditches, and applying kerosene for weed control. When used for wheeling-off berries at picking time, we use four inter- changeable 4'x7' plywood bod- ies on our wheeling-off rig. Roller skate wheels mounted on the bodies mate with channel irons mounted on both the wheel- ing-off rig and on three of nny "Model A" sanding jalopies. At the edge of the bog, the loaded body is shifted to a Model A for the trip to the screenhouse. An empty body is put onto the wheel- ing-off truck, which then goes back onto the bog. This change takes about three minutes. At our screenhouse, we have a blower set up outside on a plat- form at the same height as the truck bodies, for easy handling of the bags of berries. After the chaff has been taken out, the ber- ries are boxed and go into the screenhouse on roller conveyor tracks. The empty boxes are also handled by conveyors. We also use this special truck for applying our fertilizer. With our 13 foot fertilizer spreader at- tachment, we can fertilize about 20 acres in a day. This takes six hours for two men. New Type Spray Rig Last year we made a spray rig for concentrated sprays for this same jalopy and it did a beautiful job. It only takes five Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 ARTHUR K. Broad Street, Boston, M ass. lOULE POPE HORACE H. S CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B . PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H . LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON Serving JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Englan d the People of New Since 1859 Se?vefl minutes actual spraying time to spray an acre of bog. This re- quires three men, the driver, and two men to move the plank from section to section and to refill the 50 gal. tank after every twc acres. Most of the sections on our bogs are four rods wide, therefore, we made a folding boom with a thirty- three foot spread, so that a section is completed in one trip around. The boom is in three separately controlled sections with a quick- acting master control valve. We can do a five, fourteen, nineteen or thirty-three foot swath. The sprayer has a nylon roller low- pressure pump, run by a five-horse Briggs and Stratton engine. We use our 200 gal. high pressure sprayer to mix the spray and to supply the smaller sprayer. Last year I put Zineb (fungicide) in two applications over all my bogs. The labor cost was only $3.24 per acre. We have a special body that .ve use when we wheel ofl!" in clean- ing ditches. This is made of a sheet of plywood with 8 inch sides and one end. It has the same roller skate wheels underneath for easy dumlping. Mornings when the bog is wet or on rainy days when there is no picking, my men clean the ditches, putting the dirt in piles on the bog. After it dries, we take it off in the jalopy. All we have to do to dump it is to pull out a pin and roll o'T the body. Last fall, we cleaned about 2V2 miles of ditches by this method at a very reasonable cost. For crossing ditches and going on and off the bog, Ave r^e 2::" i-^h oak plank, 12 feet long. We carry loads up to about 1500 lbs. Using this machine on the bog for the past five years has s'.iown that very little damage is done to the vines, as long as you do not go over tlie same tracks more than twice. When cri>ssing ditches and going off the bog, we move the plank every two or three trips. Full Crop After Sanding Bog sanding is done by Model A Fords that back out onto the bog, loaded, on 8 inch plank. Trucks Showing Spray Rig on Bog. Rig with Nested Boom, Ready for Transporting. Controls of Rig, with pump assembly. Eight must stay on the plank, othei'wise there is vine injury. After the sand is spread, I have men rake up all the uprights, so that I get a full crop and the picking ma- chines can get all the berries in the same season. Using a small four-tooth rake, which is very light and easy to handle, the vines come right up out of the sand. Last year we sanded in early May and in several sections, I picked over a barrel to a rod, in the fall. When sanding, we try to fill in all low places and raise the edges near the ditches, so that it will be easier to pick all the berries. Do- ing a cost study on sanding last fall, I found that it cost $20 to $30 per acre extra to raise the edges of ditches and fill the low spots. I found that the only way that we can economiically grow cran- berries and maintain our bogs under present conditions is by mechanizing all bog operations. Modified Western Three-Wheeled Western Picker Close-Up of Spray Rig. (Photos' Allan Sherman) Getsinger Picker Regarding tftie new Dana-Get- singer ("Wisconsin") Picker, Mr. Dana informs us the thought be- hind producing a riding model picker was to get away from the large amount of walking required to harvest a crop with the large machine was that it required ap- proximately 3.S miles walking in the vines to harvest an acre. Then in Wisconsin, the machine has to be returned to the starting end of the bed, either under its own pow- er or by means of a trailer. In case of its own power, this means another 3.3 miles for the operator. Therefore to harvest 50 acres of berries means walking a minimum of 165 miles to a maxi- mum, of 330. Wisconsin is rapidly retraining the vines so it can harvest both AVays and hold walking to a mini- mum- By doing so this also in- creases production from a given machine. Another feature which was in- corporated into the machine was the means of raking the ditch edges by offsetting the picking mechanism, either to the right or to the left. Ordinarilly the aver- age grower has to leave from six to twelve inches of berries along the ditch edge, and then either harvesting by hand or not harvest- ing at all. This one feature alone, says Mr. Dana, will pay for the machine in time. A strip twelve inches wide by eight miles long is an acre. Producing 100 barrels per acre more, another 100 barrels may be added to the grower's income from the ditches. It i.^ surprising how many miles of ditches there can be in a bog. The weight of the machine is 925 pounds carried on 6-570-500-8 t'res so the machine is able to go over very soft ground, "providing it is well vined over. The machine is very manuervable in the vines and easily controlled for depth. The same machine will harvest either wet or dry. For some con- ditions dry there could be installed a smaller vine roller to hold down the vines nearer to the point of raking. J^ins Believes Massachusetts Cranberries Are In Volume Basically The Best Quality by Clarence J. Hall Alvin R. Reid, Who Produces Better Than 100 BBls. to Acre Has Faith In Industry and Especially His Area Meet Alvin R. Reid of Hanson, Massachusetts. He is now presi- dent of Cranberry Credit Corporation, subsidiary of National Cran- berry Association, succeeding Frank Crandon, president of NCA. He was recently re-elected vice-president of the South Shore Cranberry Club, and as this is his second term in second place he will presumably be president in another year. He is a realtor, in the insurance business, one of his specialties being cranberry hail insurance, notary public, was one of the organ- izers of a bank, is active in civic affairs, and finally is one of the bet- ter smaller cranberry growers. By better grower of Massachu- setts, we mean he averages around 100 ban-els per acre on his bogs which total about ten. They are in Hanson and adjacent Hali- fax and his plantings consist of Howes, Blacks, a few odd varieties including a little known old var- iety, the Silver Lake. This is a large, richly-colored fruit, when fully ripe, solid in content and be- tween the round and oblong in shape. It is not too tart, and this is the berry he sometimes gives away to friends to demonstrate the kind of fine fruit Massachu- setts can naturally grow. It gets its name from the fact his Hali- fax bog is on Silver Lake in that town. Mr. Reid, althougn now primar- ily a businessman is, one who has always been familiar with and is very fond of agriculture and es- pecially cranberry growing. He holds some interesting views on cranberry subjects, including cran- berry cultivation. For one thing, he says: Faith In Massachusetts "I have faith in the cranberry industry and its future, particu- larly in Massachusetts." That, as we all know, is flying to the contrary in the view of many who are pessimistic as to the whole industry outlook and particularly that of Massachusetts. He believes, and seems to be proving that good yields can be produced on bogs of the Bay State. He agrees, of course, that many methods will have to be changed, he fully accepts the now common Ten: conviction that mechanization in as many phases of cultivation as is possible is absolutely necessary. He really places the foundation for his faith in Massachusetts, in the following, even though he is aware that every grower, every- where believes the berries of his own area the best; "I am certain that Massachu- setts cranberries, as a whole, are by volume basically the best cran- berries grown anywhere. I think the Massachusetts crops taken as a whole are fundamentally super- ior cranberries." Does Much Of Own Work Mr. Reid is really a shirt-sleeve grower, who does as much of his own work as he can possibly find time to do. He is often assisted by his son, Raymond, and has to hire some help from time to time. His bogs are harvested mechanic- ally and he has both a Western and a Darlington, but says, "Don't ask me which I like better. With machine harvesting you've got to have an operator who really knows what he is doing." He does his own frost protection, water for his bog at Silver Lake, which is an old property, being pumped on and then put back into the lake, (which is a municipal water supply) by gravity. His bog in Hanson, he built himself in 1946. On this piece of 2V2 acres he has cropped as much as 517 barrels in a year. The bogs are peat and some hard-pan sand bottoms. He sands light, one third each year. He be- lieves in running his bogs dry and keeping them well drained. He says he spends so much time at his bogs, especially at Silver Lake that his family often com- plains. The bog at the Lake is lo- cated some distance off any main road and has a screenhouse. "I won't really say that cranberries is a hobby with me because it isn't. I'm in the business for a profit the same as anybody else. But I enjoy bog work so much it is almost in the nature of a hobby." He is much addicted to agriculture in any form. For a time he com- mercially grew raspberries at his home in Hanson where he has six acres of land. Should Know Cranberry Soils A weakness in cranberry culture, he is firmly convinced, is there has not as yet been enough study of cranberry soils. "A thorough knowledge of the soil is vital, yet is a neglected field in cranberry growing. That's not common sense. Where do cranberries come from? Why, the soil is the base. If we really don't understand the soils how can we expect to grow the maximum barrels per acre ? We must know what to feed the soil and when. Furthermore every bog almost presents an individual problem. A grower must know his own bog." Mr. Reid was born in Hanson and attended schools there — to grammar school. His father died when he was fifteen and he had to go to work. He recalls his first job with the Wheeler Reflector company, or Shell Factory at Han- son. This was during the first World War. His weekly salary for six days a week was $6.15, "and in those days I felt almost rich on that." He later worked for the John Foster Lumber Company at Han- son, where his father had been employed until he suffered the loss of a leg. He was with that comp- any for 15 years, finally being credit manager. In that capacity he did considerable travelling in southeastern Massachusetts. As a side line he began to sell in- surance. He then obtained a drawing ac- count position with a manufactur- er of paper products, including drinking cups. He covered a good deal of area in that, one of his main routes being down over the Cape where he sold to golf clubs and schools. He won prizes for salesmanship, but felt he was wearing out himself, his car and his resources and getting nowhere. He decided to make insurance and real estate his business. This was in the early thirties, not a time of prosperity as those in business will remember. Today he has built up a substantial business. He was an organizer of the Han- son Credit Union, a banking or- ganization, now a branch of the Rockland Trust Company. His office shares a block with the bank on Main street, opposite the Nat- ional Cranberry Association main office. He said he was told that in such a small community as the Hanson area a banking businsss could not be built up and sustained. But when taken over by the Rock- land trust he said it had deposits of nearly half a million, $446,000, and was doing a business of a million dollars. Cranberries and Hail The insurance business is one of personalized services and it has its specialties. One of these which he has developed is hail insurance. He has applied it to cranberries in particular. Hail losses in Massa- chusetts are perhaps higher than is realized generally. Cranberries, he pointed out are perhaps the only major crop on which loans can be obtained which are net covered by hail insurance, at the present time. For instance, he said you can't get a loan on a Maine potato crop without this in- surance against a sudden crop wipe-out. In southeastern Massachusetts, he says, charts and experience bear out there is a definite hail belt, ex- tending from about Acushnet, through a portion of Wareham, Carver, Plymouth to Duxbury and Scituate. This belt is somewhat irregular ,but it apparently exists. More Hail Storms? Reluctantly, he is coming to be- lieve, he says, that more hail may be expected than in the past. He is convinced the weather pattern has changed, at least locally in Southeastern Massachusetts. He has noted the sudden, violent and localized rains of the past few years. "You used to be able to trace the pattern of a storm pretty accurately. Of course there would be places where the storm would end abruptly. But we have had an awful lot of freakish local storms — one small area getting rain, another nearby none, and the storms seem to skip around. Such conditions can produce hail." He referred to the long, extreme drought in Massachusetts of early summer last year. He said it seemed time after time there would be rain, but none came. When it did rain, the precipitation varied a great deal from place to place. One small area got a lot, while another relatively close by got none. "I'm convinced we are en- tering into a changing weather pattern." Returning directly to cranber- ries, Reid places the cost of pro- ducing a barrel of cranberries in Massachusetts at $10.00, "if every expense and the investment is fig- ured in." He feels this "base" cost should first be considered in setting prices for pi'ocessed or fresh fruit. He feels this should be the basic point from which to start up, allowing a grower his costs and a reasonable profit. Not working from the top, the whole- sale price down, the grower get- ting only what is left after all pro- cessing and marketing costs have been deducted. Solution In Juice He, like many others, feel there can be a solution to the surplus in cranberry juice, if a sufficient quantity is made and marketed. "The demand seems to be there," he says. Mr. Reid is a Mason, past master of Wampatuck Lodge of Hanson and a member of Aleppo Temple. He is a member of, and helped oi' ganize Hanson Kiwanis club. He is a member of the Old Colony Sportsmen's club and of Massachu- cetts Horticultural Society. Cur- rently he is chairman of Hanson Industrial Development Commiss- ion and a member of the town planning board. He is chairman of Hanson Library trustees and a director trustee of Cobb Library, a privately endowed unit. He is, of course, a member of South Shore Cranberry Club, of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation and serves or has serv- ed on various cranberry commit- tees. His sport is fishing, fresh water, especially salmon and trout. CRANBERRY PLANT TOURS NOW EVERY WEEK DAY More than 500 vacationists have visited the Ocean Spray cranberry canning plant on Route 28 in Wareham ,(Mass.) each Friday since the guided tours began on July 11th. As a consequence, Ocean Spray has extended its pub- lic invitation to every week day, Monday through Friday, from 1:00 to 3:00 p.m. Tours on Fridays will continue from 9:00 to 11:00 a.m. as well as 1:00 to 3:00 p.m. Ocean Spray's guest list already includes visitors from New Eng- land states. New York, New Jer- sey, Tennessee, Washington, Ore- gon, Michigan, Virginia, Pennsyl- vania and California, besides in- terested residents of the Bay State itself. Following the tour of the cran- berry from freezer to cranberry sauce, special interest is shown in the cooking rooms where large stainless steel kettles cook togeth- er in quantity the simple recipe of cranberries, sugar syrup and water in much the same way as the home- maker does in her own kitchen, even to checking its doneness with the spoon test. There the analogy stops, however, as the filling, cap- ping, cooling, labelling and pack- ing for shipment present one con- tinuous automatic production line that takes but 11 minutes from empty can to shipping carton. READ Cranberries Magazine Eleven I 90t0^m^^i0¥>^im i0i^^m^^^^m»m^ 90i0i^m^^^* ® • STURDILY BUILT • MADE IN SEPARABLE UNITS SO TRACTOR CAN BE ADAPTED TO OTHER WORK • PICKING UNIT CAN READILY BE OFF-SET ONE FOOT FOR RAKING THE DITCH EDGES A NEW DEVELOPMENT IN CRANBERRY HARVESTING! WHY WALK IF YOU CAN RIDE? A SPECIAL TRACTOR UNIT WITH THE GETSINGER RETRACTO - TOOTH PICKING UNIT MOUNTED ON IT. A VERY MANEUVERABLE UNIT Riding Type Picker DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY CO. MACHINE WORK TRANSMISSION SUPPLIES WELDING nth SOUTH AVE. WISCONSIN RAPIDS, WISCONSIN Twelve t0m^ «■ *t^^^ *0m^ ■ M%' ><«^ iii*0m *0m0t ¥^ I tl^—II^BI^ ^Mit^ajais ISSUE OF VOL. 23 JULY 1958 - NO. 3 O^*^-^*'*'**^'*'"^^ ATTEND, JOIN YOUR ASSOCIATION UNTIL there is an over-all national cranberry growers organization of some kind, or a Cranberry Institute, in which growers are more directly concerned the best common meeting places are the gath- erings of the state organizations. Such as the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association which meets at the Experiment Station East Wareham, Tuesday, August 19th. These meetings are usually fairly well attended, but attendance could be larger. And to the greater advantage of everj'- grower and to the industry itself. Those in charge of the Cape meeting, and the meetings of other areas work hard to pro- vide an interesting, informative program. The grower who attends, gains. There should be larger paid member- ship, the dues are not drastic, even for these distressed times. With larger mem- bership such associations could speak with more force on matters pertaining to cran- berries, legislation, research or whatever. Important as are the Massachusetts area club (or other clubs) meetings, they do not take the place of a state association. Attend your state association, and if not a member, join, if at all possible. AGRICULTURE, BIG BUSINESS AGRICULTURE has become big busi- ness. Secretary Ezra Taft Benson recently made some statements regarding the im- portance of agriculture in the nation's economy. He said : agriculture buys more pe- troleum than any other industry. Farmers take 6yo million tons of finished steel and enough raw rubber to put tires on nearly 6 million cars a year. Sixteen percent of the gross freight revenue is from agricul- tural products. PRODUCING FOR LESS THERE are dire and pessimistic predic- tions that Massachusetts cranberry acreage may become much less than it has been — maybe no more than 7 or 8 thousand acres, rather than the present 13,500. That would be less than in 1900. Should there be fewer acres, as we feel at the present moment is inevitable, there will be fewer growers. Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALI^-Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Wisconsin Rapids Washington — Oregon CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey We would predict, that all things con- tinuing equal one of the surviver-growers will be Louis Sherman of Massachusetts, who has written an article for us this month. It concerns skilled, foresighted mechanization at which he seems a master. More mechanization as a must has been talked about for several years now. "Louis" is among those who have done something about it. He is cutting down his costs. He has tackled the problem, successfully from the angle that if the market price of cranberries cannot be made to rise, a grower to stay in business must produce for less. Thirteen Communication Open letter to growers —^ ^ ' .from^a grower Let us give serious thought as to whether we are going to lose money again this Fall. This, after all our worry work, money in- vested and tax bills. We pay for what we buy. We are in a mess and might as well admit it and do something about this besides talk. Although most of our carryover is out of the freezers, the pipe lines of distribution are clogged with processed berries and present sales are sluggish. The coming crop probably will be 1,250,000 barrels. In the near future we face 1,500,000 barrels. The prospect for any year of less than 1,000,000 are remote. The fresh fruit industry is dying, slow- ly but surely. The super markets and the "super-super" miarkets are ex- panding frozen and processed food sections and contracting fresh fruit and produce space. Consequently, I will now discuss some of your problems if you intend to sell fresh berries through, a Co-op or "independent" selling agent or shipper. Both you and your selling agency face some tough problems to- gether but they can be licked. _ 1. About 707<- of all fresh ber- ries are eaten in just two days a year, Thanksgiving and Christ- mas. 2. iNo other fresh fruit in the world is eaten nearly three months after harvesting. 3. No other fruit is so abused in getting it ready to be shipped — cranberries are bounced (no im- provement in 50 years) in screen- ing— mechanical pickers bruise the fruit — cello bags hasten tne deter- ioation — in shipping, warehousing and retailing berries are often subjected to a sudden change in temperature of 20 to 40 degrees from "refrigeration" to store tem- perature. 4. Most wholesalers and brokers could live happily if they never liandled cranberries — the volume and price insecurity considered. 5. Most Supers are not excited about stocking cranberries before Nov. 1 to 10 and want very few- Dec. 10 to 24. 6. Several presidents of leading- chains think cranberry sellers are crazy to reduce prices drastically every October. They protect them- selves from inventory losses by buying lightly until Nov. 10 and our "opening sales" Sept. 12-30 are getting smaller every year. 7. "Early Whites", are shipped every year in the mad rush to be first in some market, or to reduce Fourteen the shipping lag of Wisconsin harvest before the Cape harvest of early varieties. Housewives who buy their berries are disgusted for the balance of the season. They do not have to buy cranberries to feed the family nutritious meals. 8. I have personally seen in our 100 markets, fresh berries, usually cello-packed, in stores with 20 to 407r unsound berries per pound. Being sure berries are 9T/f sound at time of shipment is not enough. The housewife is only interested in the quality at her store and at the time she picks up the package and decided whether to buy fresh cranberries or something else that day. Let's face it, usually she gets a more consistent, better quality in the can. 9. The sale of fresh cranberries is poor when the weather is warm. Sept. and Oct. are warmer months where most people live in the USA than was true 5 years ago. 10. Just as "bad money drives out good money" so do poor-keep- ing quality cranberries drive qual- ity growers crazy. 11. Unless the housewife wants to cook sauce to go with seldom served turkey or with chicken, wihat is the housewife supposed to do with fresh cranberries in Sept., Oct., and the first two weeks of Nov. while most of your berries are setting: in the chaff shriveling away? The only recipe I have seen using a fair quantity of cran- berries is the orange-cranberry relish, and thei-e simply are no good quality, reasonably priced oranges in the stores during Sept. and Oct. I don't care whether you agree or disagree with these eleven pro- blems as long as you start thinking and decide to do something. After all you own part if you are in a Co-op or he is your employee, if you use an "independent". Now he may not consider him- self as your employee but in either event if you want to make money on your 1958 crop sold fresh. I would suggest you discuss with him NOW. not in Sept. or Oct. the following: 1. Are your berries going to be sold at a profit — or at least some of them ? For most groKvers, a ?4.00 per box of 24 packages or $16. per barrel selling price, f-o.b. his shipping point is the break-even pz-ice for you. Actual- ly the cost to produce should be $4.25 with 25c a box or $1 a barrel spent on some type of ad- vertising. 2. Why should you pay your "independent" selling agency the same price as you pay him for obtaining a profitable price for your berries? In 1957 you paid, for example $1 a barrel for just selling. Would you be happy to pay $2.00 per barrel in order to get S20.00 for your berries instead of pay- ing, as you did last year, $1.00 to get $12.00 or $10.00 per bar- rel ? If he sells your berries be- low your cost of $16.00 does he really earn $1.00 by "selling" them for you? Last year he got his $1.00 whether you got $12 or $6 for your berries. 3. Ask the man you entrust with selling your "fresh" berries if he always sells them f.o.b. his ship- ping point or does he "absorb" some of the transportation in his "delivered" price, or place your berries on "consignment" in a market (to draw storage charges while the buyers let you cool your heels), or does he send them to a market already gutted with berries from other shippers (to consign- ment price cost spreads to other markets hundreds of miles away). Ask him, because you pay the bill, not your selling agent. He gets his $1.00 anyway. 4. Does your selling agent have an underselling policy? Does he say to the large buyer, "Whatever the Co-op's price is, mine is 25c a box ($1 a berrel) less, just name it." (or 10c a box less the first time the market is sti-ong). Does he tell the buyer that he ships superior fruit and tell you he must get an inferior price be- cause "we do no advertising". If two shippers chose to have an "underselling" policy, or other shippers decide they must "meet" the price of the underseller, a price war is started all over the country within an hour; a few berries are moved; the buyer be- comes cautious. In my opinion, the biggest single reason for poor returns to growers everywhere the last few years has been sloppy selling and the worst offender who starts it all is the "underseller". Even a school boy could sell something in demand with a consistent "underselling policy" and a telephone. What do YOU think? What arrangement do YOU have with your selling agent? What are YOU contributing to education of people to enjoy fresh cranberries ? If we all just grow them and fail to THINK about SELLING them at a PROFIT, and fail to DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT for FALL 1958; your pocket book will bleed again. I am not for or against " inde- pendents"; for or against any particular Co-op. I am for making money again. I hope you are too! Perley Merry S. Duxbury and Marion, Mass. — Statements Concerning Western Picker — Since using my two Western Pickers my crops have increased every year. The machines have cut down labor costs in picking and eliminated all labor costs of pruning and raking the bogs. Elimination of walking has in- creased the growth of uprights very remarkably. I have used Westerns for four years. Tony Lenari Main Street - North Plymouth Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: I have used the Western Picker in harvesting my cranberry fields and some of my neighbors' fields since 1949. I didn't like the West- ern Picker at first but felt com- pelled to use it because of the high cost of operating the vacuum machine and the low returns on berries. By 1951 I had gained enough confidence to try a newer model, which I still use today. I pick my land as clean as with the vacuum machine, w'hich I be- lieve is less than two per cent. Except for breaking an occasional vine roller spring, I have had very little maintenance to pay for. I believe the Western helps to maintain production and that you have to learn to operate it and train your field for harvesting with it. In the nine seasons I have har- vested with the Western, I have had an average crop of about 150 barrels per acre. The berries have gone on the fresh market when- ever they wanted fresh berries and have not been returned for any reason. Sincerely, Oscar Heino Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: I borrowed my neighbor's new Western Picker in 1951 and tried it on about % of an acre. Think- ing it tore up my vines too much, I never used the machine for four years afterwards. However, I staked that % out and noticed it produced more berries in the suc- ceeding years. Then, in 1955, I got my neigh- bor's Western again and picked that % acre again and about another Vs. In 1956, I picked this ground with a Western and enough more to make up an acre and %. In the winter of '56 and '57, I got a demonstrator and trained another % of an acre. In 1957, I bought a new Western Picker that fall. I picked 3% acres, 1^/4 acres which had not been trained or picked. (ADV.) It seemed that the machine went through this vine, which was 7 years old, easier than the older vines which I had turned in the training process. The machine performed satis- factorily and seemed to have more power than the older model. The only difficulty I experienced was in an area where I had excessive top runner and had never been trained with a Western before. I wish the machine had a high speed for deadheading around ends. The machine picked very clean in the trained ai^eas got 99% of the berries, quite a bit cleaner than my suction picking. Sincerely, Ralph Williams Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: I first used the Western Picker on my parent's farm. It was a machine that he had bought new in 1951. When I purchased the property on which we now live, there was a 1949 model Western in the deal. In trying to use it to harvest the first year, I experienced some en- gine difficulty so borrowed my parent's machine to finish. Then I sold the old machine for $400.00 and bought a new 1956 machine, which gave me a lot of trouble to begin with. It was too slow and kept losing berries. After we had speeded the ma- chine up, took off the right front wheel, and cut the side teeth back, it reduced the plugging to zero. I was able to start picking in four inches of water at the low end and continue on up to the dry vines without difficulty. Because the heavy rains that fall flooded one end, this was necessary. In the three years I have been here, this farm has averaged 120 barrels per acre, and it has been harvested entirely by Western since 1949. If the two side teeth were still the original length and tied into the machine frames like the 1951 model was, and it was equipped with a two-speed so I'd have a higher speed for deadheading around with, I would be perfectly satisfied. It picks very clean and has lots of power. Sincerely, Arnold M. Perttula Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: In 1951 I bought a new Western Picker. My land had been picked with a Western for two seasons prior to that on "custom picked" (ADV.) basis. I experienced some difficulty in establishing the most efficient pat- tern to follow because of some new bog which lay at one end of my field. However, after observ- ing how the picker went through the five-year-old vines in 1949 and their ability to produce even though combed backward, so to speak, I was picking all of it by Western in 1952. The only trouble I have had with the Western was in 1956 when I had the new type chain conveyor installed, and it damaged the ber- ries to the extent that they were unacceptable to the fresh market. In 1957, the angle metal lug clamps were replaced with the sheet metal lug clamps,and this eliminated the damage to the berries. The Western operates very economically, and I would have to use my imagination to say I left as much as 1% on the ground. Sincerely, Clare Reid Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: My neighbor and I purchased a Western Picker in 1950. In 1953 I sold out my interest to him and got a new 1953 model Western Picker. I have a four-acre field which I pick with the help of one old man, who I'uns the track car up and down the railroad. We pick this field of between 400 and 500 bar- rels in five days. Since first starting with the Western in 1950, I have averaged well over 100 barrels per acre, and my berries have been readily accepted for fresh market sales. If the Western Picker hadn't come along, I would walk off and leave this patch. Sincerely, Emil Hegre Western Growers Supply Grayland, Washington Gentlemen: I started using the Western Pick- er in 1949, and I don't intend changing to any other type of picker. The oldest piece of my land was planted 22 years ago, yet the farm seems to be producing just as good as ever, averaging about 117 bar- rels per year per acre, and I got my largest crop ever after picking with the Western for five years. Sincerely, Uno Wilen (ADV.) Fifteen RVIN WISaONSIN GROWER Fresh From The Fields WISCONSIN Continued from Page 6 new acres are expected to come into production this year. In view of the above, it is reasonable to expect Wis. can expect a better crop than last year. Deaths Theodore W. Olson, 56, presi- dent of the Nekoosa Foundry and Machine Works since 1952 died June 12th. Mr. Olson was adver- tising manager for the Wis. Rapids Daily Tribune and later plant manager for the Huffman Print- ing Co., before becoming associa- ted with the foundry in 1930. He was vice-president and a director of the DuBay Cranberry Co., a director of the Nekoosa-Edwards State Bank, Eau Claire Consistery and Rotary and Cranmoor Skeet Clubs and honorary president of the City Point Hunting Club. Sur- vivors include his wife, a daugh- ter, a son, a grandson, his mother and three brothers. H. F. Duckart, 74, Wis. Rapids, passed away July 3 at his home. He was manager of the Jacob Searls Cranberry Co., Cranmoor and for the past eleven years pres- ident of the Midwest Cranberry Co-operative. He also was a past president of the Wis. State Cran- berry Growers Association, Portable Sprinkler Irrigation Sales, services, and engi- neering information for complete frost protection. Save your crop and save money too. Always have a complete line of new systems for sale, also fre- quently used systems and rental systems. Eric Franke R.R. 5, County Trunk "U" Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin Late Massachusetts Insects As of July 23 the second brood of fireworm was proving quite troublesome, but control measures were in good practice. The first brood did not turn out to be as bad as feared earlier in the insect season. Fruitworm was not as bad as at first feared. On the whole it would not ap- pear, generally speaking, to be a bad insect year. Temperatures Up Temperatures were running higher than normal, an excess of 34 by the 23rd. But this was not damaging as there had been a number of light rains and drizzles. Rainfall, however was on the defi- cient side. IWVIUIB INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN I I "Ask I The I m Grower B Who I Belongs" | INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin I ml WHEN YOU TRAVEL by Northwest Airlines AROUND THE WORLD try Eagle River Spiced Cranberries and CRANBERRY-ORANGE RELISH Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Sixtee"!! RVING THE W CONVERTERS of CELLOPHANE POLYETHYLENE and other Flexible Materials Plain or Printed BAGS ROLL STOCK SHEETING TOMAH PRODUCTS, INC. TOMAH, WISCONSIN PHONE 800 DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin ^A^ 1 THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA ' I **4i**** KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. | MARSHnELD WISCONSIN \ i J Phone 230 - 231 »BM ' au— — — Ml — I — — ■■» THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! It is available for those who have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry — ■ ..,w»<«»^«"'- Ihe dav VVV^at KVl" . new source o^ ^^ ju^ce\ /imencas best ^ ^^^^ ©ven Try ^""^ ^,e V\tam»n ^ gwesvoun^ore . .,., n^oder^ to be ^^ ^^Vvcious- ^^^^^ uiihen ^" , „v,t good r"^". easy ^' . , Just Cranberry J"'^' ^, r^olh>"«^° ^^^s a br.ght' ^^^ „p S^^"« - S po-'. Ocea^ S. ,.eshjav^^ J^ ^^'Url fo' "'^ 't "aS o- -tJ- sUv ^-;1 ^l . to" -'-rb'i-"- r v^-" trtTcra^r. NEW ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN SELLS CRANBERRY JUICE Here's an advertisement from Ocean Spray's new campaign. Big newspaper ads and hard-hitting radio commercials sell consumers new use and advantages of Cranberry Juice all through July, August and September. Developing new^ markets like this is just one more w^ay NCA works for its grow^er members. Just ask your neighbor. NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION GROWERS' CO-OPERATIVE, HANSON, MASSACHUSETTS IVINC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :ape cod new jersey WISCONSIN OREGON WASHIN6T<^, ^£p 4 '^"^ POND LILLIES, near Massachusetts Cranberry Bog. (CRANBERRIES UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS 35 Cents AUGUST 1958 DKECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. \ Td. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays — ■ ■ ■■•*— CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareha Conveniently located for Cranberry Men m Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service AMES IRRIGATION SYSTEAAS RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS PRIZER APPLICATORS FOR FERTIUZERS & INSECTICIDES The Charles W. Harris Company 26 Somer&et Avenue North Dighton, Mass. Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PECKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Bojcs and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 6M ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWIi POST-HARVEST AMINO CONTROL IN MASS. A "flash." card has gone out to Massachusetts growers, prepared by J. Richard Beattie, Extension Cranberry Specialist, concerning- post harvest use of Amino Tria- zole. It read: "Excellent control of cutgrass, nutgrass, asters, pan- ic grass and white violets can be obtained by applications of amino triazole after harvest. The recom- mended rate is 16 pounds of 50 percent amino triazole in 300 gal- lons of water per acre, as recom- mended on the weed chart. Less damage to vines will occur if itii mi: ii[i ii-i III! iiti nil irn — iiri - mi iiii ""-^ i NEW I I BURLAP BAGS I f or your I PICKING MACHINES | MADE TO ORDER j i WHITMAN BAG CO. I I WHITMAN, MASS. I Peter B. Berman I TeS. JUniper 3-6466 I treatment is delayed until at least 5 days after harvest. For best results, weeds should be green at time of treatment." NATIONAL PAYS GROWERS $1.00 MORE Checks for $1.00 additional on the 1957 crop were paid to grower- members August 8. This brings the total to date to $8.60 for last season's production. It was announced the advance had bank approval and the money had been earned, although total barrels disposed of in the pool did not quite come up to schedule as of that date. WASHINGTON GROWERS CRANBERRY TOUR Saturday, August 13th was the scheduled cranberry tour and re- search, program at Grayland Wash- ington. Program was to start in Community building at 10 a.m. which featured reports on research. The Grayland Growers' Association planned a light lunch and the tour was in the afternoon to several bog locations. LECTRICITY ks For You With The Throw Of A Switch It Is clean. Efficient - Releases ien For Other Bog Work. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH TEL. 200 TEL. 1300 I A".m m BlllHi||IHilllHilllB!l liilHillil^ IIIIIBfllll I YOU ARE READING THIS AD :[: ^ ^ '!< ^^ ^ ^ I Others Will I I Read Yours i i» I I CRANBERRIES 1 ■ ! lir:;Hmi1iBII!iHII'«IIIBIIIiBII!IBII1IBIII' CROP ^^ DusTiiyew Aerial Spraying and Dusting also Fertilizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weilbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 | ■IIIIBIIIBIIIiailllBIIIIBIIIIft^ Five for brief periods, received con- siderable damag-e. At the State Bog the sprinklers were shut down for approximately one hour during the middle of the night and that proved just long enough for the damage to occur. The minimum temperature there was 25. In pockets the- degree was probably lower. Since some of the bogs Which sprinkled continuously received some damage it is a possibility that 25 degrees is at the lower limit for protection from sprinkler sys- tems during the middle and late hook development. D. J. Crowley, former superintendent, thought the damage was due to the low tem- perature factor rather than shut- ting- off the sprinklers for brief periods. WISCONSEN July Weather July was near normal for tem- perature and from normal to above normal in precipitation for the cranberry growing areas of the state. Although the warmest day was only 90 degrees registered on July 26, there was a long continued stretch of eighty plus weather during most of the month. Cool night time temperatures brought the average down 1.5 degrees be- lov>^ the normal. The coolest night of the month was on the 16th when temperatures dropped to 29 de- £"rees in Cranmoor. Rains came the first of the month ahead o± bloom and also at the end of the month after bloom. Tue period during bloom was one of the driest on record and resulted in good setting weather. Heavy rains fell in the north on the 1st with totals measuring over six inches. Total rainfall in that area was almost twice that of normal. Centra! marshes received about the normal of four inches and southern marsh- es less than 3 in. The extended forecast for August has been re- vised to near normal in tempera- ture and precipitation. Normal temperature for August is 67.5 degrees and 3.63 in. precipitation. Crop Not Bumper Full bloom was about one week to ten days later than normal in all areas. The native variety in the south was extremely late. With the lateness of the season, berries could be expected to be smaller than normal unless extra favorable weather prevails during the balance of the growing season. From all appearances the set appears to be above normal and very much bet- ter than last year. Berries in the north are expected to be smaller than normal and in the south with the exception of the natives, about normal in size. At the present time Wisconsin can expect a good crop this year, but the possibility of a bumper crop is ruled out because of berry size. Insects Controlled Fruitworm controls were applied during the month and in general it appears as if the fruitworm population is down this year. There was some second brood firewoi'm, but numbers were down. Early controls appear good in control- ling these two pests. Second ap- plications of fungicides were ap- plied the later part of July and first part of August growers were also applying a top dressing of fertilizer on sand beds and weak areas where vine growth was short. Dr. Dana Tour Dr. M. E. Dana of the Horticul- ture Department of the U. of Wis. was to conduct a tour of weed control plots in the Rapids area on Aug. 8. He was to show grow- ers plots that had been applied the past summer on numerous types of weeds, using systemic herbi- cides. Summer Meet Aug. 30 The summer meeting of the Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers Assn. is to be held on August 30th at the Cutler Cranberry Co., Shen- nington, Wis. A display of cran- berry equipment will be on the grounds and some demonstrations will be given. Dean R. K. Froker (Continued On Page 19) m FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Six Selective Weed Killers For Cranberries Malcolm N. Dana Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison 6, Wis. Discovery of 2, 4-D and development of practical methods for its use in weed control provided the imiDetus for a surge of interest and study of many materials for the selective control of weeds in many crops. Many thousands of oro;anic chemicals have been screened for her- bicidal activity on a wide range of weed and crop species. Only a few have survived the field tests and have become accepted as useful ma- terials. Listed among the successful herbicides are three that have been used with considerable success on an experimental basis in the cranberry marshes of Wisconsin. Amitrol (3-amino-l, 2, 4-tria- zole) is the most promising on a number of weed species in cran- berries. This material has been tested in other areas as well as Wisconsin with success 1, 2, .3). Researchers have also had good success on certain weeds from the use of two other materials, maleic hydrazide and dalapon. Under Wisconsin conditions, these ma- terials have controlled some weed species on which amitrol has little or no effect. The present report was prepared to acquaint cranber- ry growers with some of the suc- cessful experimental uses that have been found for these two materials. A note of warning: Maleic hydrazide and dalapon have not received label clearance from Federal Control Agencies and may not be used on produc- ing cranberry vines. Growers are cautioned to use these materials only on non-producing sections or small experimental areas until label clearance is obtained. MH,Maleic Hydrazide, is a mater- ial that can be purchased as a 30% liquid. Sprayed on and absorbed by certain plants, it inhibits vege- tative development for consider- able periods of time. Commer- cially, it is used to control quack grass, reduce growth of bluegrass, and to inhibit sprout development in onions and potatoes in storage. In New Jersey, Marrucci and Moul- ter (4) report that MH reduces runner growth in cranberries. In Wisconsin, this material was applied in midsummer in cranber- ries to perennial weeds. This was done to inhibit development of these weeds the following spring. With two species of weeds, sensi- tive fein, Onoclea sensibilis, and marsh smartweed. Polygonum natans, an acceptable degree of control was attained. Ten pounds per acre of actual maleic hydra- zide applied July 26, 1955, gave a 95% reduction of fern stand in 1956. Treatment of other fern infested areas about August 1, 1956, with MH at ten pounds per acre brought excellent control throughout the entire 1957 season. Areas treated with five pounds per acre of MH showed a significant reduction in fern stand, but the control was not as complete as in the plots treated with ten pounds per acre. Applications later in the season were generally not as suc- cessful as the late July-early Au- gust treatments. Treatment of a heavy stand of marsh smartweed with maleic hy- drazide in 1956 brought stand re- ductions throughout 1957 as shown in Table 1. It was evident in the plots and the data confirmed that the ten pounds per acre rate of treatment was necessary in order to assure an effective job of controlling this species. The treatment on August 1 was more effective than the mid- August application. Other weed species temporarily inhibited in their seasonal develop- ment by maleic hydrazide applica- tions were St. Johnswort, Hyperi- cum virginicum, and sickle grass, Leersia oryzoides. However, these species overcame the inhibitory effect and developed to nearly nor- mal stands late in the season. Such weed control as demon- strated in these plots was not at- tained without some sacrifice to the cranberry crop. Ten pounds per acre of MH did not measure- ably reduce the crop maturing on the vines at the time of treatment but it did reduce the flower bud set and thus the succeeding crop, in some instances. This was by no means a universal occurrance in all plots. However, when used in mid- summer, the material must be con- sidered as a threat to the next sea- son's crop. It may safely be used only on areas where competition from the specified weeds is a seri- ous handicap to high crop yields and may advantageously be elimi- nated even at the sacrifice of some crop. Dalapon, 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid, has been used experimentally in Wisconsin cranberry bogs with considerable success for several seasons. Dalapon is a tan-white, free-flowing powder that is readily soluble in water. It is formula- ted as an 85% sodium salt equiva- lent to 74% of active acid. Dala- pon is primarily a grass killer and has found commercial acceptance in other crops as a control for quack grass and other grass spe- cies. When applied as a post-harvest spray in cranberry bogs at rates of 6-18 lbs. per acre, dalapon has caused a complete loss of crop in the year following treatment. This was due to morphological aberrations in the flowers which Table 1 Per cent REDUCTION IN STAND of perennial smartweed following treatment with maleic hydrazide. Weed Counts — September 1, 1957 Lbs. MH Acre Date of treatment August 1, 1956 August 17, 1956 0 2.5 5.0 10.0 Percent 0 20 90 954- Percent 0 75 85 Seve:> prevented normal fruit set. Fall applications also caused slight de- ilay in cranberry bud emergence in the spring and marginal chloro- sis on young leaves. As the rate of application was increased, the leaf injury became more severe. Applied in early spring, equal rates caused a more severe injury and a resultant crop loss. Spray applications after growth started, at rates up to ten pounds per acre, resulted in serious chlorosis and early season stunting of the vines. At no time did death or defoliation of vines follow treat- ment with dalapon at rates of ap- plication of ten pounds per acre or less, regardless of season of application. Late season vine de- velopment has been good whenever dalapon treatment was made after October 1 or before June 1. The extent of vine injury which has followed spray applications of dalapon determine the limitations on the use of this material as broadcast applications. Poor pro- ducing sections — either because they are recently established or because they are seriously infested with susceptible weeds — would seem to be the only areas on which broadcast spray applications are practical. It would not be advis- able to spray good producing sec- tions, because of the certainty of complete crop loss for one year. The crop injury described above lasted in the vines for only one year. Plots established after harv- est in October, 1957, in a section seriously infested with wide leaf grass, Carex rostrata, were harv- ested for yields in October, 1956, with the results presented in Table 2. Table 2 All three series of plots that received dalapon applications pro- duced significantly more fruit than did the untreated plots. On the average, the treated plots pro- duced over twice as many berries as the untreated plot. The yield increase following treatment was more than enough to make up for the one year loss in crop due to dalapon injury on the treated plots. The control plots retained a high population of wide leaf grass, while all the treated plots remain- Table 2 Yield of cranberries in the 2nd season after dalapon treatment. Bbls/acre Replicate Dalapon (lbs/) 12 18 Bbls. Bbls. Bbls. Bbls. 1 139 246 233 233 2 65 187 168 252 3 110 158 213 215 Mean 105 197 205 230 ed free of this pest for three years after treatment (1958). The yield increase in the dala- pon treated plots was probably due to two factors: the elimina- tion of weed competition and the stimulation of production because the vines "rested" the previous year. These data, however, show- ed that, properly used, dalapon "would result in only one year of crop failure and could result in a potentially greater yield due to control of grassy weeds. Spray applications of dalapon have been successful in the eradi- cation of wide leaf grass and bunch grass, and a practical reduction in stand of wire grass, sickle grass, and several other less populous grasses and sedges. Swab applications of dalapon have been tried experimentally by several growers in Wisconsin. Careful applications on several grass and sedge species have caus- ed reductions in weed stand both in stature and number of plants with a minimum of injury to the vines. A report on this work was made earlier by Dr. George Peltier (5). Dalapon is primarily a herbicide for the control of grass and sedge species. It had little effect on the broadleaf weeds common to cranberry bogs. Because of the cranberry vine injury which re- sults from its use, it may not be applied safely to sections that are producing reasonable crops of fruit. Two or three year old sections that are crowded with grassy weeds, or older, non-productive weedy sec- tions would seem to offer problems where dalapon may find a practi- cal use. Literature Cited 1. Demoranville, I. E. and C. E. Cross. 1957. Newest Cranberry Weed Killer, Amino Triazol?. Cranberries 21 (12): 16-17. 2. Demoranville, I. E. and C. E. Cross. The Effects of Amino Tri- azole Sprays on Cranberry Vines and Their Fruit. Cranberries 22 (1): 11-12. 3. Demoranville, I. E. and C. E. Cross. The Effects of Amino Tri- azole on Cranberry Vines and Their Fruit. Cranberries 22 (11): 11-12. 4. Marucci, P. E. and H. J. Moulter. 1957. The Suppression of Cranberry Runner Growth by Maleic Hydrazide. Proc. Amer. Cranb. Growers Asso. 87: 18-20. 5. Peltier, G. L. 1956. Dalapon (Growers Tests). Cranberries 20 (12): 12-13. New Researcher At National Dr. William F. Hampton, who recently joined the executive staff of National Cranberry Association as director of research and tectini- cal development, came to the co- op with a fine record in food tech- nology. He replaces Dr. William Filz, research chemist, w^ho re- signed last fall. Dr. Hampton has for the past three years been engaged in the Food and Agricultural Organiza- tion of the United Nations with headquarters in Rome. Among his prior assignments he spent many years as chief of research in sev- eral divisions of General Foods Corporation. Born and reared in Newfound- land, he received his doctor's de- gree at McGill University. READ CRANBERRIES 0^0mift0 m* • STURDILY BUILT • MADE IN SEPARABLE UNITS SO TRACTOR CAN BE ADAPTED ' TO OTHER WORK • PICKING UNIT CAN READILY BE OFF-SET ONE FOOT FOR RAKING THE DITCH EDGES A NEW DEVELOPMENT IN CRANBERRY HARVESTING! WHY WALK IF YOU CAN RIDE? A SPECIAL TRACTOR UNIT WITH THE GETSINGER RETRACTO - TOOTH PICKING UNIT MOUNTED ON IT. A VERY MANEUVERABLE UNIT Riding Type Picker DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY CO. MACHINE WORK TRANSMISSION SUPPLIES WELDING nth SOUTH AVE. WISCONSIN RAPIDS, WISCONSIN «ii««^ >*^N^ t^0m^ !»■■■ ■■>!■ ^tm fjjng eeiing of Optimfsim, Unity Prevails Annual National Cranberry Meet ? f New President George C. P. Olsson (Cranber- ries, August, 1953) became a cran- berry grower in 1953 when he, with Judge Amedeo V. Sgarzi took over the interests of Albert A. Thomas of Middleboro in the Rocky Meadciw bogs in Carver, a pro- perty of about 50 acres. Mr. Olsson has been Clerk of Coui-ts of Plym.outh County since 1928. He has long been exti'emely active in Republican political activities. Born in Boston, he moved with his parents to Brockton and at- tended schools there. He was graduated from Boston University School of Law in 1926 and became a practicing attorney. He is a past president of Plymouth County Bar Association and also of Boston University Law School Association. He is a past president of the Plymouth County Republican Club. During the Second World "War he was a lieutenant in the U. S. Naval Reserves. Boy Scouting is an avocation to him and he is past president of Squanto Council. He is a director of Plymouth Savings and Loan Association, member of the Plymouth and Mass- achusetts Farm Bureau; a trustee of Chilton villa Congregational Church. He is a governor of Pli- mouth Plantations, Inc. He is married to the former Mary Craig of Plymouth and tSae couple have two sons. Mr. Olsson became a director of NCA for the first time in 1957. George Olsson Elected President "In unity is our strength," was the wording on a large motto at- tached to the wall of the meeting room at Hanson headquarters of National Cranberry Association for the 28th annual meeting of that cooperative Tuesday, August 20. And unity almost prevailed throughout a session lasting from 10 a.m. until 4 p.m. attended by more than 600 stockholders and guests. Only disputes were concerning disposal of a canning plant at Co- quille, Oregon and the immediate dissolution of Cranberry Credit Corporation, a subsidiary of NCA. These were lively, but nothing like the stormy session of last two years. A feature of the meeting was the presentation and unveiling of a bronze plaque to Marcus L. Urann, president from 1930 to 1955. This was presented to the association by Russell Makepeace, secretary of the organization. Stockholders voted election of the following directors: Massachusetts: Walcott R. Ames, Osterville; Alden C. Brett, Bel- mont: Lawrence S. Cole, North Carver; Frank P. Crandon, Acush- net; William E. Crowell, Dennis; Carrol D. Griffith, South Carver; Russell Makepeace, Marion; Law- rence S. Pink, Middleboro; Elmer E. Raymond Jr., Braintree; Ches- ter W. Robbins, Onset; Ellen Still- man, Hanson; Marcus M. Urann, Duxbury; George C. P. Olsson, Plymouth. New Jersey: John E. Cutts, Vincentown; Thomas B. Darling- ton, New Lisbon; William S. Haines, Chatsworth. Wisconsin: Richard J. Lawless, Wisconsin Rapids; Charles L. Leiwis, Shell Lake; John M. Pot- ter, Port Edwards; Tony Jonjak, Hayward; Bert Leisure, Chicago. Washington: Leonard G. Morris, Long Beach; David E. Pryde, Grayland. Oregon: James Olson, Bandon. This action followed a vote that the number of directors be 24. Wisconsin now has five directors and New Jersey three. This is in proportion to patronage and acre- age of the two states. All are re- elections with the exceptions of Jonjak and Olson. Slate was nom- inated by Alfred Pappi of Ware- ham, chairman of the nominating committee. Top voted in order named were: Marcus M. Urann, Miss Stillman, Russell Makepeace and Frank Crandon. Directors iii executive session following the meeting elected offi- cers. George C. P. Olsson, succeed- ed Crandon as president. Charles L .Lewis, remains first vice-presi- dent; Russell Makepeace, secre- tary; Alden C. Brett, treasurer. Principal addresses were by Am- brose E. Stevens, general manager and executive vice-president, with his first annual report, and H. Drew Flegal, director of advertis- ing and public relations. Of immediate concern and interest to the grower-members, Stevens said, is the date the pool for the 1957 crop will close and what the 1957 pool will pay to patrons. Stevens said, "And yet, on this 20th day of August, it is still too early to make a prediction that you can really rely upon. The most that I can say to you is what the figures say to me — and that is — the 1957 pool will pay a somewhat better return than the 1956 pool. "Will it be $11 in cash? Or $10, or $9.50, or $9 in cash? No- body knows. With you I hope for the best." To date NCA has paid $8.60. Stevens continued that the cran- berry sauce business is one-eighth the size of the canned peach busi- ness and a little over one-third the size of the canned applesauce business. This was an explanation as to how the cranberry business fitted into the American economy and how important cranberries and cranberry products are to the American economy. He told of the increase in size of the cran- berry crop. He said the 1930 crop was 82 pei'cent of the 1939 crop and the 1957 crop was 150 percent of the 1939 crop. The era of mil- lion barrel or more crops began in 1953 and is continuing. He added he believed the industry will have a million barrel crop from now on for a long, long time. "We cannot plan on short crops to bail us out," he said. Stevens declared that more than half of the patronage in the 1957 pool was made up of growers who delivered less than 200 barrels. "This cooperative is even more for the little fellow than the large grower," he added. Turning to the NCA executive staff he said that with few excep- tions, the personnel could not be replaced with comparitive experi- ence and know-how at present pay in management jobs. "At the present NCA is not overstaffed," lie said. Basic problem of the cranberry- industry, he said, is that not onoug'h people in America eat cranberry sauce the year-round. Competition with other foods is constant and unrelenting. Other industries have overcome this com- ])etition. "We can and we will," lie added. Pertinently, he said, NCA has been having a very bad "downer," but, "I am quite confident that the bottom has been reached. Our progress may be painful, our pro- gress may be slow, but progress we have and will have." NCA now has 2,149 holders of common stock, 1,425 holders of preferred shares and 1,323 market- ing agreements: that is cranberry growers participating. NCA hand- les approximately 75 percent of the total ci'anberry crop. These were figures presented by John P. Har- riott, assistant treasurer. Harri- ott continued that the association's financial condition continues to im- prove. Dun and Bradstreet rating has been changed from Aa to lA. Treasurer Alden C. Brett assert- ed, "Your co-operative is in good financial condtion. There is nothing wrong but what a good dose oC sales will fix." Flegal told of advertising plans for sale of the 1958 crop. He said t.ji important part of the nationaj sales campaign was to use ths "heavy artillery" on television. He p-ive a preview of 60 second and 20 second spots on this media They were flashed on a screen for the NCA audience. They empha- sized that cranberry sauce is the natural mate for meats of all kind, and are addressed to the "old man of the home." These will be heard over 20 television spots in Ameri- ca's 20 major markets after Labor Day. The catchy jingles empha- size, in some of the spots that vitamin C content of cranberry cocktail is greater than that of frozen orange juice. The sales compaign is intended to induce the greater use of cranberry cock- tail as a breakfast juice. There are to be full-page Fall ads in leading magazines and ad- vertisements are now being in- serted in New England news- papers. He said he sincerely be- lieved an exceptionally good ad- vertising campaign had been prepared. "We believe our cam- paign is basically sound and giv- en time to prove itself will sell Ocean Spray the year around." Flegal's address was received with much optimism by NCA Russell Makeoeace (left) presenting plaque honoring Retired President Marcus L. Urann, (right). (CRANBERRIES Photo) members. Meeting was conducted by Pi'es- ident Frank P. Crandon and Mr. Stevens. Crandon said in his wel- coming address, "As I stand before you today, I can look every one of you in the eye and truthfully say we have made considerable progress, and we are in a much more stable condition than in 1956." He also said there was no intent on the part of management to limit discussion as had been charged in the past. There was lengthy debate on Uie proposal to sell, lease or dis- pose of the Coquille plant. A final vote was to leave this to the action of the board of directors. On the matter of the immediate dissolution of the Cranberry Credit Corp., it was voted after a long discussion led by Atty. Robert Briggs, Plymouth, that this be left to the board of directors to ac- complish this as soon as reason- ably possible. Other reports were by director of research. Dr. Lawrence E. Proesch, director of marketing. A telegram from U. S. Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson was read. In this he said he had watched with interest the efforts of the cooperative to improve the position of cranberry growers through the development of mark- Eleven et iftiality. Edward C. Bloom, attorney New- York, and small cranberry groTver of Centerville spoke in the matter of the Coquille plant disposal, saying he thought stock-hold- ers should be better infocrmed before action was taken. The suit of Mr. Bloom against past and present directors and officers of National is still pending from last year. Although he characterized the reports of management at the meeting as "baloney — a lot of hot air — an insult to intelligent grow- ers," he appeared to feel some progress was being made by man- agement to the advantage of the growers and that Stevens "is a pretty good fellow with creative ideas, and will do a pretty good job if given a free hand." He said to the stockholders, "I will continue to help you all I can." His remarks brought forth laugh- ter and applause. At noon a luxurious buffet lunch was served. This included a variety of cold meats and both whole and jellied sauce demonstrating the new slo- gan "a natural mate for every meat". During the meeting, Bruce Ar- thur, 52, of Pembroke suffered a collapse. After being given first aid by Dr. John lE. Angley of Hl&n- son he was taken to Goddard Hos- pital, Brockton. He was reported as resting comfortably, and not on the danger list. During his repoi-t Garside dis- cussed NCA personnel, saying that there are 164 persons on the per- manent payroll, a reduction of 21 from previously. Total pa3nroll, including seasonal help, was $963, 900 for the fiscal year ending May 31., a reduction of $142,395 from previous year, even though the crop handled increased from 550, 039 barrels to 765,776, and the number of cases of finished goods from 5,013,546 to 5,503,960. He said in summary that in a period distinguished by rising costs, the operations of National have been conducted with an actual and im- portant decrease in unit costs. In the report of Controller Gaughan, growers were given a clear picture of how NCA financial and accounting matters were hand- led. He said that in the past year his department had made tremend- ous progiess in bringing the ac- counting procedures of NCA and Ocean Spray of Canada up to date. He said all procedures are on a current basis. The plaque to Mr. Urann reads: *'To Marcus L. Urann, in pro^ found respect and admiration _for his major part in creating and building National Cranberry Asso- ciation. He loyally served it as president from 1930 to 1955. To him the Association owes its exist- ence. As a stalwart pioneer, his vision, courage and unbounded vigor in establishing the coopera- tive has endeared him to its mem- bers, all of whom have benefitted from his unselfish devotion to their welfare. His peerless leadership has won him the gratitude ar)d affections of the Cranberry indus- try." In presenting the plaque, Russell Makepeace also paid tribute to the late John C. Makepeace. CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY ♦•■V Makers of REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these fine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO®syrup • LINIT®dry and liquid starches BOSCO®chocolate flavored syrup * NU-SOFT fabric softener rinse NIAGARA instant starch * ARGO corn and gloss starches KASCO® dog food Twelv• on »—■•_■«{• OUR ANNUAL TIME OF HOPE THE season of the year — harvest — for which growers have striven towards, is now about at hand. Preliminary crop re- ports are out. Yet we do not know for certain how many berries will be harvested, or of what quality the fruit will be until later. Perhaps most importantly of all we do not know what the selling price of fresh fruit will be and therefore what the returns for the labor of a year will be. That is the thought uppermost in the mind of every grower, and everyone in anyway directly associated with the cranberry in- dustry for an income. We can at least hope, at this moment, for cool, "good buying" weather, a brisk demand and adequate prices. INSTITUTE REVIVAL WE ARE more than heartened by the fact the Cranberry Institute, which did not "die," but for the past several months has been hibernating, is now to be re-activated. With officers elected at this time, including a board of directors not to exceed 25, in- stead of in January the unit is expected to be in full swing of activities by first of the year 1959. Long-range objectives have been agreed upon. The Institute can be a defi- nite factor towards successful marketing of the crop of next year. As we have stated more than once, we believe a strong and active Institute can do a great deal in helping the industry get out of the dol- drums in which it has drifted for too long. We wish President Orrin G. Colley and the other officers every possible success and we feel certain they are imbued with sufficient realization of the potential of the Institute to make it of real value to every grower. THANK YOU PERHAPS this is a good time to ex- press our gratitude to growers for their continued support of Cranberries through subscriptions, despite the rise in subscrip- tion price recently put into effect. This was necessary, as apparently was under- stood, due to constantly rising costs in the carrying on of a business of any kind. It is indeed gratifying that renewals and new Editor and Publisher CLARENCE J. HALL EDITH S. HALI^Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts CORRESPONDENTS—ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON -Wisconsin Rapids Washington — Oregon CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash, Massachusetts I^R. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Ne^v Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey subscriptions continue to come in as usual. We have been publishing this maga- zine now for 22 years and one of the most heartwarming features of this is. that a surprisingly large number of subscribers have been with us continuously since we started in May of 1936. Next month we expect to start an un- usually informative series of articles by Dr. F. B. Chandler. With surveys from all areas made relatively recently, he is as- sembling a mass of facts (including Cana- da) bringing cranberry statistics up to date. We do not think this has been as- sembled before in overall entirety, Thifteen ORKIN G. COLLEY Cranberry Institute Reactivated; Elects The Cranberry Institute was re- activated Tuesday morning, Au^. 19, at the East Wareham Cran- berry Experiment Station, pre- ceding the annual meeting of tlie Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation. Orrin G. Colley of Dux- bury, who has previously headed this body and has been active in cranberry growing since 1929, was elected president. Other oflficers elected were: Ambrose E. Stevens, Duxbury, general manager of NCA, firs^i vice-president; second vice-presi- dent, Vernon Goldsworthy, Eagle River, Wis., secretary-treasurer, Kenneth E. Garside, Duxbury. Executive committee is Colley, ex officio; Stevens, alternate Gar- side; Goldsworthy, alternate Clar- ence A. Searles, Cranmoor, Wise; riaurice Makepeace, Wareham, al- tprnate Theodore H. Budd, Sr., Pemberton, N. J. Alden C. Brett, retiring presi- {'ent, acted as chairman, discuss- ing by-laws and membership. He i^ to give a report later. The treasurer reported a bal- ance of 810,587.50 on hand and this sum is to be retained. The treasurer is also to bill members for an unpaid balance of about 816,000, based on a seven-cent as- sessment per barrel on the 1957 crop. The group will hold fall meet- ings and looks forward to being fully active in January of 1959, with plans for the entire year. Proposals are to promote the industry at all levels by provia- ing an effective medium through \.'hich all segments and groups within the industry may work to- gether for the common good. Per\icos are to include repre- sentation of the industry on r.iat- tc^'-. fifTecting it and its econom:^, collection and correlation of sta- tistics of a marketing, selling and mcnhandising nature; to pr.-v'de ordarlv marketing; standardiza- tion of products; sales prumo- tions; to repesent in consrm.or relations and consumer education; tj'ansportation; cooperation with lelated industries; utilization of state and federal services: legis- lative proposals on the local, statv and federal levels; forward plan- ning; market research; and a gen- eral clearing house for ideas wiVr- in the industry. Directors are: Stevens, Marcus M. Urann; Kenneth Garside, rep- resenting National; Orrin Colley, Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Tri? • Melville C. Beaton, Beatoa Distributing Agency; William De- cas, Decas Bros.; Goldsworthy, Cranberry Products, In?.; John B. M.-rrello, Minot Food Packers. At large are: Brett; Bernard C. Bra- zes u, Wisconsin Rapids; Budd, N. J., Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association; Maurice Makepeace, Chester Robbins, Howard B. Kill- er. Wi::consin Stats Cranberry Growers' Association: Clarence A. Seari- Donald S. Duckart. Amer- ican (New Jersey) Cranberry Growers' Association: Allison Scammell. West Coast group.s: en? designate. WE DO- w CRANBERRY PRINTING" OF ALL KINDS Courier Print Shop WAREHAM. MASS. TEL. 27 Fourteen :,isji FOR TOPS IN HARVESTING THIS FALL — AND INCREASING CROPS EACH YEAR THE !MPRO¥iD 1958 WESTERN PiOKEi MANUFACTURED IN MASSACHUSETTS BY J. E. BRALEY & SON 73 QimS AVE. WAREHAM, MASS. TEL. Wareham 64-W STOCKING REPAIR PARTS SALES AGENT LOUIS SHERMAN 7 CUSHMAN ST. PLYMOUTH Repair Service, Braley's and Bob Melvelle's Repair Shop Rocky Meadow Rd. RFD No. 2 Middleboro Bob William's Garage Brewster Ashley's Garage East Freetown Contact any of above for information or WESTERN PICKERS 1172 Hemlock Ave. COOS BAY, OREGON Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Make Tour of Berry Experiment Station 70th Annual Meeting Elects Waite President More than 200 cranberry grow- ers— 192 buying tickets for the chicken and cranberry lunch, as compared to 150 last year — at- tended the 70th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, Experiment Station, East Wareham, Tuesday, Aug. 19. This was a session devoted large- ly to technical discussions by sta- tion staff members and a tour of the State Bog, with new develop- ments explained by staff members to groups. Growers also heard C. D. Stev- ens, chief, New England Crop Re- porting Service, give the prelimi- nary estimate of the prospective U. S. cranberry crop. This is ex- pected to be the second largest on record, the sixth largest for Mass- achusetts and the second largest for Wisconsin. This was the 30th year in which Mr. Stevens has made this report, which was re- leased from Washington at 1 p. m. Election of officers on a slate, nominated by Arthur Handy of Cataumet, chairman of the nomi- nating committee, resulted in the following off'icials elected unop- posed: President, Ferris C. Waite, Ply- mouth; first vice-president, Ralph Thacher, Marion; second vice- president, Philip S. Gibbs, Carver; secretary, Gilbert T. Beaton, Wareham; treasurer, Mrs. Ruth Beaton. Directors: Waite, Thacher, Mr. f.nd Mrs. Beaton, Gibbs. Dr. C. E. Cross of Sandwich, Paul Morse of West Wareham, Robert C. Hammond of East Wareham, J. Foxcroft Carleton of Sandwich, Handy. Also directors are cran- berry club presidents. South Shore, Louis Sherman, Plymouth; Southeastern, Oscar L. Norton, Rochester; upper Cape, Victor Adams, Osterville; lower Cape, Francis Kendrick, East Harwich. Honorary directors are: Chester A. Vose, Marion; Dr. Herbert F. Bergman, Amherst, and delegates to the Cranberry Institute, Ches- ter W. Robbins, Maurice Make- peace, Marion, and Howard B. Hiller, Rochester. President Waite, who is serving his second term, in opening the meeting went back into the his- tory of the organization. Rec- ords imply, he said, that the unit is 70 years old, but an earlier minute book tells of a cranberry growers' convention at Harwich in 1866, 92 years ago, indicating a lapse in which the association did not function. He said that a study of theso old minutes revealed that many of the problems of the earlier growers were still problems of growers today. The morning was aevoted to the bog tours. The meeting opened after lunch. President Waite called for a minute of pray- er in memory of members who had died during the past year. He mentioned Dr. H. J. Franklin, former station director; John C. Makepeace, a past president, and Walter E. Piper, Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, Div- ision of Marketing. Invocation was by Rev. James P. Wolfe, East Wareham. Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture Charles H. McNamara made his first appearance before the cranberry growers. He told the cranberrymen he was a dairy- man, and jocosely urged them not to become too discouraged with the present depressed market con- dition and get into dairy farm- ing— or they would be even more depressed. He urged growers to tell him of their problems and promised his department would do all possible to be of assistance. Dale Seiling, dean of the Col- lege of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, discussed improve- ments iwhich had been made at the Cranberry Station in the past year, mentioning in particular the many new research programs in progress. Louis Websteri, Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, Div- ision of Marketing, was another speaker. He said he could prom- ise the growers one-minute promo- tion spots on at least 20 radio sta- tions during the coming market- ing season. Following the report of Secre- tary Beaton, Treasurer Ruth Bea- ton said the association had $3,537.07 cash on hand, and §3,859.53 in general bank funds. She said membership is 240 with two sustaining members: the A. D. Makepeace Company of Ware- ham and the Charles W. Harris Company of North Dighton. Reporting for the frost warning committee of the association, J. Richard Seattle said subscribers totalled 186, less than the 200 of last season. He said the commit- Fifteen Officers of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association elected Tuesday Wiere, left to right, second vice-president, Philip Gibbs; treasurer, Mrs. Ruth Beaton; president, Ferris C. Waite; secretary, Gilbert T. Beaton. Ralph Thacher, first vice-president is not shown. (Cranberries Photo) tee had ended $7.91 "in the black", and total expenditures of the committee had been $1,673. A report on vandalism was giv- en by Ralph Thacher, chairman of the vandalism committee, the oth- er members of vi^hich are Beattie and Robert C. Hammond. He said only a single case had been re- ported in the past three months and that was in Middleboro. He added that growers complained of various troubles but failed to re- port them. He said the commit- tee had been in conference with the area chief of police associa- tions, and the police offered cooper- ation. They said they could not patrol all cranberry bogs, Taut would act if reports of law viola- tions were made to them. Thacher urged growers to report infrac- tions to their town chief of police if they wanted remedial action. Oscar Norton, who had charge of the exhibit of the association at the Union Fair in Worcester last winter, told how the associa- tion had taken top honors in its field. He said the exhibit was the last the fair association was to hold due to the usually inclement weather. He was pleased that the cranberry growers had been with the fair organization until its ending. Norton was also com- mended highly by President Waite for planning the luncheon for the association the day of the meeting. At this point Station Director Cross took over the meeting and called upon various members of Sixteen his staff. William E. Tomlinson re- ported on insects; Beattie on his duties as Extension Service cran- berry specialist, and explained his work was much concerned with an educational program. He stated that Irving E. Demoranville and he would continue marketing sur- veys this fall for the fourth con- secutive year. This is a program for quality control. Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman, station pathologist, gave a brief report (>f his work in fungicides this past summer, but said results would not be known until harvest or af- ter. He introduced his summer- time assistant, John Coughlin. Zuckerman and Coughlin have be- gun studies of nematodes, a micro- scopic worm-like creature which may be causing hitherfore unsus- pected trouble to cranberry grow- ers, as it has been found to be do- ing to other agriculturists. He urged growers to send in samples of bog soil, taken from spots where vines were thinning out in- to barren spots. Following tho meeting, he showed a collection of the worm-like creatures to inter- ested growers. Demoranville talked upon weed control, telling of new herbicides which are better than some of the old ones and more economical to the grower. He stressed pre- emergence control of insects and material. Amino Triazole, in post- harvest treatment this fall. He told growers that the new material must be applied each bog between seven and ten days following harv- est. "Getting More Production" was the topic of Dr. F. B. Chandler. He said growers should strive to get between ."^.'SO and 370 uprights to the square foot. If there are less, fertilizer should be increased; if more than 700, he said there should be pruning. He urged growers to build better soil. John "Stan" Norton, engineer- ing research member of the staff", reported on his work of a little more than a year, saying he had many projects in mind, but had been unable so far to get as many of them completed as he had hoped. The all-purpose bog ve- hicle has not yet been perfected, but he had stated work on a new type of separator, which did not operate on the bruising "bounce" principle. This would be tried out this fall, along with water raking (Wisconsin method) of cranberry harvest and also arti- ficial drying of berries, and he hoped with better success than last year. Final speaker was Dr. Cross, who said it was his job to steer, balance and coordinate the work of his staff in such a way as to best meet the requirements of the growers. Much of the station re- search is now directed at "funda- mental" as well as immediately practical projects. During the bog tours, much of this new research was explained to growers. Groups \isited the varieties section of Dr. Chandler, whei'e he has planted a lai'ge nuni- Visiting Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associa- tion for the first time was Charles H. McNamara, Massachusetts Commissioner of Agriculture, (left). He is shown with Dale Selling, dean of College of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts and Dr. C. E. Cross, Cranberry Station director. her of new and old varieties of cranberries. On an irrigated acre, besides sprinkler experiments for irriga- tion, there have been applications of insecticides through the sys- tems, which were reported as the most successful of all insect con- trols, nearly 100 pei-cent perfect. This was a statement by Ento- mologist Tomlinson. In conclusion, Cross pointed out a new adverse factor which may face cranberry growers in a few years. This is that — ^with the growth of towns and cities in the cranberry area — there is growing demand for water resources and the cranberry men will almost in- evitably not have the amount of water for various controls they have been accustomed to in the past. This is already a factor in the New Jersey industry. Experiments of Norton in two new methods of ditch cleaning were explained. In one, a powerful jet stream was played into the ditch, agitating the muck, which was then pumped out by a sludge pump to the upland. Another was by use of a new type rotary weed cutter, which also agitated the muck and both were then de- posited on the upland by sludge pump. The latter method is con- sidered as possibly more effective. Another interesting experiment in drainage by Dr. Chandler was the re-Jbuilding of three plots and a check. On one, sand and peat wex-e removed to a depth of about two feet — approximately a foot of each — and then mixed and re- turned to the plot. In the second experiment, the sand was removed from the top and the bottom peat placed on the surface. On the third, the surface was merely scalped in the (CRANBERRIES Photo) conventional fashion. All were sanded as usual and replanted with vines. Growers had perfect weather for the meeting. Among those attending was a large delegation from Wisconsin and others from the West Coast and New Jersey. As usual, a feature was the commercial exhibition of equip- ment. Displays included a heli- copter from the Wiggins Airways, Second Largest Cranberry Crop Forecast; Mass. Estimate 570,000 Preliminary forecast of the United States Department of Ag- riculture is 1,076,500 barrels. This is second largest to the recoi-d 1,203,000 of 1953. Of this total, Massachusetts is estimated to have 570,000 barrels compared to 563,000 in 1957 and 560,000 on a ten-year average. There have been five crops larger. It is approximately average. New Jersey is accorded 88,000 barrels. It had 78,000 in 1957 and 89,100 on a fen year average. The Wisconsin figure is 335,000; 284,000 in 1957; average 222,500, and second largest. Washington is estimated at 49, 500 barrels, approximately half of the 84,000 of 1947, the loss being due chiefly to a sever frost May 12; average 47,590. Oregon is estimated at 34,000, less than the record for that state of 41,000 in 1957 but more than the ten-year average of 20,300. Growing season in Massachu- setts was reported as being wet and cool, with medium to heavy bloom and good set, the best since 1953. Early Blacks will make up 60 percent of the crop, Howes 36, others the remainder. Fruitwoi'm caused less injury than many years; there was an ample supply of rainfall which prevents a quality problem. Seventeen Ciaii.jt.i.v ijiowers made group tours of tlie researLii , State Bog at the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cran- Specialist berry Growers' Association to look over new field ,.uj cts. This group is led by Cranberry J. Richard Beattie. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Norwood; display, Marshfield Air- ways, Marshfield; Samson digger by E. W. Turgeon Co., North Dartmouth; E. C. Goodhue Lum- ber Co., East Freetown; Hayden Separator with Darlington picker, Wareham; Davis Tractor Co., Bos- ton; Louis Sherman, Plymouth, special spray rig; Brodeur Mach- ine Co., New Bedford, pumps. Some Notes From Washington Ralph E. Tidrick, County Ex- tension Agent, Pacific County, Washington, reports experiments are being made in using aromatic solvents as weed killers in sub- merged ditches. Object is to find Cape Cod Cranberry Co-operative, Inc. SALES OFFICE 367 MAIN ST. WAREHAM, MASS. Tels. 1588 and 970 an economical and easier way of getting rid of water starwort (watercress). Two ditches were used. In a flowing ditch the solvents were injected into the water under pressure as follows; two and one- half gallons of solvent were mixed with 25 gallons of water. This was fed into the relatively small ditch at a rate of one gallon per minute, for approximately 30 minutes. A fair kill was achieved with the first application, however, it was found the level of the ditch water was too low. Tips of weeds were out and were not killed. Seed quickly germinated in the muck at bottom of the ditch. Ditch was re-treated at the same rate with water level higher and current faster. Ex- cellent kill resulted. In another ditch with very little flow there was constructed a dam bringing the water level to the tops of the weeds. Material was then injected into the ditch under pressure by walking along with the nozzle under the surface. An excellent kill was obtained but Eighte'en "fi^iS^^^^'^'^'i&i&'tV* *«>'<,i<9MVf^.i^^ "Alice in Dairyland" girls recently visited the plant of Cranberry Products, Inc. at Eagle River, Wisconsin. They are shown wiith President Vernon Goldsworthy, and from left to right are: Jane Trappe, Green Bay; Carole Calabrese, Milwaukee; Goldsworthy; Nancy Trewyn, Princess; Connie Lutz, Oconto Falls and Barbara Haslow, Chili. more material was required due to the abs'Snce of an accurately metering pi'ocedure. Tidiick also reports more fruit- worm than in the past several years. He wonders if this insect isn't beginning to show resistance to present spray program. On the other hand the record warm and dry season may be respon- sible for increased insect activity. Localized infestations appeared in all areas. Although he points out growers in general did a good job of worm control, some infestations were due to improper timing or not spraying at all. Red Leaf spot was a problem this year, as Tidrick predicted earlier, because of excess vine growth on many bogs where the May 12th frost destroyed the crop. Bordeaux on spots heavily infested is the surest way of control, he says. If left unsprayed, partial defoliation results. A few Washington gi-owers are adopting a page from the weed book of Wisconsin. They have baen experimenting with Dalapon by wiping the concentrated mater- ial on the grassy type of weeds. Blueberry Price Low To Consumer An unusually good cultivated blueberry crop — good in both quantity and quality — is being harvested in southeastern Massa- chusetts this season. The crop, however, is extremely late. Grow- ing is delayed about three weeks, and picking is not expected to be finished until the end of August and, for a few late -varieties, the first of September. With somewhere in the neigh- borhood of 300 planted acres, the total crop may exceed the normal, 60,000 pints. With the abundance, prices are satisfactory to the con- sumer, but not to the grower or retailer. Wholesale price is re- ported as around 22 cents a pint. Growers who are doing best, per- haps, are those who sell their own fruit in roadside stands or permit pickers to come in and hai'vest for themselves by the quart. Jersey- blues continue to be available in quantity and at low prices. Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page 6) of the College of Agriculture, U. of Wis. will be the guest speaker. OREGON Little Frost There has been relatively little frost damage to Coos County bogs this year, although there was some damage last spring on higher ele- vation bogs which were not pro- tected by sprinklers. There wei'e a number of borderline nights when growers adequately protec- ted themselves. Heavy Set On most bogs set was heavy and crop prospect reported up. Nineteen f IRVING llNSiN 6R0WEiS Growers Meet Southeastern Oregon Cranberry Club held its annual gathering at Shore Acres State Park, Charles- ton, Sunday, August 3. There was a potluck picnic. Nova Scotia There was a severe frost on the island on the morning of June 9. Temperatures dropped to 16 de- grees on the Oyler bog at Auburn and probably lower at other points. About the only cranberries which escaped were those completely flooded or under sprinkler control. The damage was not as extensive in eastern Nova Scotia where bogs are closer to the salt water of Northumberland Strait. A 50 percent cut in the normal total would be a reasonable esti- mate according to E. L. Eaton, Senior Horticulturist at Kentville, Experimental Farm, Department of Agriculture. A normal crop might be 5,000 barrels. Late Massachusetts August Weather Better August started with the kind of weather growers wished had pre- vailed during July. In sharp con- trast to the humidity, drizzle and fog of that month were clear, warm days with relatively little humidity. Rainfall was on the very scant side first part of the month, only .21 of an inch. Good Rains By the 14th three storms had brought the total up to 3.20, with average for the month 3.60. These rains did the crop much good as they were well spaced. Hot Month was continuing consider- ably warmer than normal. Total excess to the 14th was 34 degrees above average. Humidity was not as extreme as during July, at least during first half of month. Insect Loss "Normal" Due to new chemicals and alert- ness of growers, fruitworm did not cause an undue amount of damage. Many eggs earlier indi- cated a severe year, but injury Twenty from this pest has not been and apparently will not be excessive. Blackheaded fireworm was spotty, bad on some older bogs and those which were not treated. Total damage about normal, according to Dr. Cross. Crop Not Very Late With good growing weather, ber- ries were sizing up and are ex- pected to be of reasonably good size. Lateness of the season was being overcome, and by mid-Au- gust, crop was not more than a week late. Picking was expected to start early in September, not in August as last year, the earliest season on record. READ CRANBERRIES INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN "Ask The Grower Who Belongs' INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin ■jir |!r:Bir'Bi>i!Hii!'Bii!i WHEN YOU TRAVEL by Northwest Airlines AROUND THE WORLD try Eagle River Spiced Cranberries and CRANBERRY-ORANCE RELISH Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN ERVINC; THE WtSOONSI CONVERTERS of CELLOPHANE POLYETHYLENE and other Flexible Materials Plain or Printed Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides BAGS ROLL STOCK SHEETING TOMAH PRODUCTS, INC. Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company TOMAH, WISCONSIN PHONE 800 Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G€tsinger Retracto to©th Dickers . LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA and FLOW GATES Dryers 1 DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point ■ Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230-231 Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too It is available for thos4 message to the Wisconsi 5 \% n 1 rho have an advertising ndustry , I NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION holds the key for selling faster, better Large-scale advertising of new "Natural Mate for Every Meat" campaign builds year-round consumption Every year cranberry crops continue to increase and NCA members continue to sell their total \ield — thanks to effective consumer advertising. In the years ahead crops are expected to get even bigger and bigger. This means more people have got to eat more cranberries more often. And NCA pledges itself to seeing that they do! NCA"s biggest tool is advertising under the Ocean Spray brand. And right now wc are in the process of educating consumers to eat cranberries and cranberry products, not only with chicken and turkey around the holidays, but all year long with every kind of meat. Also we're constantly experimenting with the development of new products.. All of this means that no matter how big an NCA member's crop, he's assured of selling it to best advantage. The future looks great for NCA... and it's great to be part of a great future NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION Hanson, Mass. • Tel. Bryantville-CYpress 3-6311 IVING A 520,000,000 A YEAR INUU:>IKY APE COO NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA MARCUS M. URANN, of United Cape Cod Cranberry Co. 35 Cents SEPTEMBER 1958 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS — >n— n-it •■ - CW- — Wcrcester Paper Box Corpora MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARRIS Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems RAINBIRD Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company American Cyanimid Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Member Federal DepoBit Insurance Corp. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Bocs and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRANJ. 1. vJlWJ' f V il,.i|%,0 ^o^ Experiment In Michigan Peninsula An experimental planting of a commercial cranberry marsh in Upper Peninsula of Michigan; a state which now grows no cran- berries because of much alkaline water has been made South of a community named Dollarville. Donald Zettle of Marquette, region- al forester for the state conserva- tion department said land was selected close to a highway, where interested persons could observe the experiment. It was felt cran- berry cultivation migiit be an economic asset to the Peninsula. Donating the vines was Vernon Goldsworthy of Eagle River, Wis- consin and accompanying him on the planting expedition were Ralph Sampson and Howard Querry, also of Eagle River. All three are growers and officers of Cranberry Products, Inc. of Eagle River. Goldsworthy found the soil and location suitable for cranberries and that estimated development costs were at $3,000 an acre. f^.:ig.:@ m mm .iaiiiHiiiini liilH'MiH.ill 111^ III NEW BURLAP BAGS for your PICKING MACHINES MADE TO ORDER WHITMAN BAG CO. WHITMAN, MASS. Peter B. Berman Tel. JUniper 3-6466 I Subscribe to Cranberries Magazine ELECTRICITY Works For You With The Throw Of A Switch It Is clean. Efficient - Releases Men For Other Bog Work. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL 1300 YOU ARE READING THIS AD :{: ^ :{: :jc :1c 4^ :{: Others Will Read Yours in CRANBERRIES 4.1!' S'' eiii'Hii"Hiiiwiimi CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Ma«i. One Jersey Growers Met At Toms River f Aug, 28 Hobart R. Gardner of Indian Mills, as Vice-President, convened the summer meeting of the Amer- ican Cranberry Growers' Associa- tion on August 28 in the absence of President Albert T. Andrews, who was away on a trip. The guest speaker of the day was E. Rowland Major, Local Pro- perty Tax State Supervisor. Mr. Major concentrated on two main questions: (1) what are the causes of sharp tax increases and (8) does equalization have anything to do with increase of taxes? Mr. Major pointed out that in addition to the "exploding" population of Southern New Jersey, which de- mands so much more service, especially in schooling, tax valu- ations have not been increased as fast as the cost of providing these services. In ten years tax valua- tions for the State as a whole have only increased fifty per cent while local taxes have nearly tripled. Unfortunately, x'ising costs and taxes have not been paralleled by similar improved returns from farming. Mr. Major maintained that on the whole equalization does not increase taxes. However, it does hit most rural areas harder because they have been generally underassessed to save the load on the farmer, while city properties were kept at higher assessments because that helped cities in bor- rowing money. In order to help .assessors in revaluing properties Mr. Major's department organizes classes in different parts of the State and has provided an apprais- al manual. Sparganothis Philip E. Marucci reviewed the situation in regard to Sparganothis fruitworm. He pointed out that several bogs last year lost 25 per cent of the crop by not following the regular spray schedule. It is very difficult in the spring to find the worms of the first generation. But since there are two genera- tions it is important to spray or dust at the proper time, which occurs in early June, and some- times again in early July. Figures were given to show that even on a very lightly infested bog a Sparganothis spray will pay off. The combination of Parathion and DDT has continued to be very effective against Sparganothis and cranberry fruitworms. Water Problems Vinton N. Thompson, cranberry grower and Executive Director of the N.J. Rural Advisory Com- mittee, spoke on current water problems. Mr. Thompson is also a member of the N.J. State Water Supply and Policy Council. He pointed out that there is a possi- bility that if certain provisions for increased water supply in North Jersey are not constructed, these communities may find ways to take water from South Jersey. It is a well known fact that com- mon law, dating back to the Ro- mans, in regard to a man's right and restrictions v^en taking water from a stream is very vague and can cause serious injustice. Large numbers of people have been put- ting pressure on the State to clear up this matter of law. As a re- sult, a committee was appointed to prepare the first draft of a bill which would permit the State to have some control over the fair diversion of surface waters for private use. Mr. Thompson served on this committee and urged the Association to appoint persons to study the draft in its present stage and report on the feeling of the cranberry growers. DeMarco Anthony R. DeMarco, cranberry growers and shipper, briefly dis- cussed his company's methods in growing a crop. In regard to sales, Mr. DeMarco feels that more care should be taken of the berries after they are delivered to the trade. The trade, of course, should make money on the crop. But a product can be priced too hi^h to fit into the buyer's budget. If the price on cranberries is right for the Thanksgiving market, then a good fifty percent of the crop will be sold in that market. Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNEL MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist E. C. St. Jacques The cranberry industry has again lost one of its able leaders in the death of Emile St. Jacques of Waraham, Mass. "Doc", as he was known to many of his friends, was one of our pioneers in the manufacturing of cranberry equip- ment. His separator, pumps, dusting machines and cranberry picking machines are in use throughout the cranberry growing areas of this country and Canada. He served with distinction as president of the Southeastern Cranberry Club, as well as its secretary-treasurer, and was active in the Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers' Association. No cranberry meeting in Massachusetts was complete without his presence. We at the Cranberry Station join his many friends in extending our sympathy to his family. Weather Pattern We have seen no evidence to indicate any change in the weather pattern established several months ago — namely, excessive rainfall, cool temperatures, and cloudy con- ditions. The rainfall for the first ei^-ht months of 1958 has been re- corded at our station, giving a total of 47.58 inches, or 3.27 inches in excess of our yearly average. Rainfall in August measured 9.02 inches at our station, making it the third wettest August in our records, topped only in 1922 and 1927, and then by less than one- half inch. Heavy rains that were associated with Hurricane Daisy in late August flooded the low areas of some bogs, but damage appears to be negligible. We con- sider ourselves most fortunate that the hurricane missed our area. Berry Growth General picking did not get un- der way in Massachusetts until nearly mid-September — a full two weoks later than last year. Irving Demoranville has been carefully checking samples of berries from our State Bog each week since Au- gust 25, as a part of his growth studies which he began in 1953. His purpose is to secure valuable information as to the rate of growth of "early and late-water" fruit in terms of size and weight. His records show that "early- water" Early Blacks apparently reached their peak of growth this year by September 15. However, "late-water" Early Blacks were still increasing in'size 'ahd weight on this date. Compared to last year, the present "early-water" Early Blacks are about the same size and weight, while the present "late- water" Early Blacks are the larg- est and heaviest since his studies began. A complete report, includ- ing the Howes variety, will be available at a later date. Labor Adequate We have heard of no serious labor problem, so apparently the Massachusetts Division of Em- ployment Security has been able to supply the necessary workers. A flash card was mailed to growers in early September giving the lo- cation and telephone numbers of their temporary field oflFices. These are as follows: Square Deal Gar- age, West Wareham, Tel. Ware- ham 1298; National Cranberry As- sociation, Hanson, Tel. Cypress 3-7626; and Public Service Build- ing, Wareham Street, Middleborp, I'el. Middleboro 1210. Their home offices 'in Brockton; Hyannis, "J(ew Bedford, Plymouth and Taunton ■are also assisting growerg'^ 'WitTi - labor problems^ " ' ' ' ",; Water Supplies . Water supplies as. of mid-Sep- tember appear to be adequate for frost, protection unless we encoun- ter an unusually active fro.st^ sea- son. With supplies available, growers are encouraged to flood each bog immediately after pick- ing. It helps to revive the vines and removes much of the harmful trash that collects each year. The float boat is ideal for this task. Before leaving the subject of fro^t, tiie below fall radio schedule which supplements the telephone frost warning service, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Gro>Y- ers' Association, is now in effect: 80% of Crop Machine Picked The picking machine sch.ools held in August 1957 proved so helpful that they were reschedijled by popular request in late August of this' year. We expect that at least 80% of our present crop will be picked by machine. Certainly, any techniques that could be re- layed to 'growers to reduce picking- costs are in order. Three schools were held for this purpose and enabled growers and operators to familiarize themselves with operational techniques, gen- eral maintenance, adjustments, and simple repairs. Approximately 150 growers attended these sessions and received one and a half hours of instruction per machine. We are indebted to Kenneth Beaton who did an excellent job as a sub- stitute for Robert St. Jacques whose father passed away just prior to the sch.ools. "Ken" was our instructor for the Darlington picker. Louis Sherman, as usual, handled his assignment as instruc- tor for the Western picker in a very capable manner. Mimeo- graphed outlines of instruction were prepared for each machine and enabled growers to follow the lecture and demonstration at each Station Place WEEI Boston WBZ Boston WOCB W. Yarmouth WBSM N. Bedford Dial Afternoon-.^ Evenirtg A.M. P.M. 590 k. 103.3 mg. 2:00 (ex. Sat. -9:00 1030 k. 92.9 mg. 2:30 9:00 1240 k;4- 94.3 mg. 3:00 „9:00 1230 k. 97.3 mg. 3:30- .--#:00 session. Extra copies are available at the Hayden Separator Manu- facturing Company, West Ware- ham; Louis Sherman's home, Ply- mouth; County Extension offices, and at the Cranberry Experiment Station. After Harvest Growers are reminded again that asters, nutgrass, cutgrass, panic grass, and white violets can be treated effectively with amino tri- azole after harvest. It is suggest- ed that this treatment be delayed until five days after picking a bog in order for the vines to make a partial recovery from the harvest- ing operation. This is also an ex- cellent time of year to fertilize the thin or weak areas on bogs that show up so clearly during the picking season. Dapalon Tests In Washington A few Washington growers have tried trial sized patches of Dalapon for grass and rush control. A concentrated solution of the ma- terial was wiped on the weeds with a wick-fed boom such as used in Wisconsin. Only the weeds are contacted with these booms as they pass over the top of the cranberry vines. The process was reported as looking fairly promising on grasses and sucii rushes as cotton top. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES READ CRANBERRIES NATIONAL FARM LOAN of Taunton FARMERS' PRODUaiON CREDIT ASSOCIATION of Taunton Tel. VAndyke 4-7578 For The BEST In Farm Financing mm. COOPERATIVE FARMiJRhUi' Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. FowF Issue of September 1958 - Vol. 23 No. 5 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1871 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS August Adds to Excessive Rain of Year August was the eighth month of 1958 with excessive rainfall. The total amount of precipitation dur- ing the 31 days was 9.02 inches. This included the rainfall from the hurricane Effie on the night of August 31 of which the cranberry area received only a token of the disturbance which originated in the tropics. The months during which rain- fall was not excessive were March and July. The total precipitation for the first eight months of the year has been 47.58 inches. Normal for an entire year is figured as 44.31. With so much rain a number of growers in Plymouth County and particularly in Barnstable county were obliged to start up pumps or to pull planks to get the water off. Loss of fruit was probably not much. August Temperature Almost Normal Temperatures for the month ran about a degree a day above nor- mal. NEW JERSEY For temperatures, July was fair- ly close to normal with an average temperature 0.7° above the normal of 75.6°; August was cool with an average temperature 1,2° below the normal of 73.6°. Excessive Rain Rainfall, however, was greatly in excess of normal, being 5.82 inches in July (1.49 inches above normal) and 10.80 inches in Au- gust (6.12 inches above normal). As of August 31, Pemberton re- ceived in 1958 a total of 47.89 inches of rainfall, which is actually 18.09 inches greater than the aver- age rainfall through this date. It is also 4.73 inches more than the average year's rainfall. A number of dams suffered washouts and many bogs had standing water for a couple of days. On some properties stand- ing water accumulated several times and has destroyed the cran- berry crop. Ripening and picking will be delayed. Blueberries were also hit hard by the excessive rains and damp- ness which caused molding of fruits on the bush, injury to roots by flooding which was also serious in nurseries of young plants, washing off of insecticides, and interference with picking. WISCONSIN August Frosts August was slightly below norm- al in temperature, with precipita- tion above average in northern areas, but continued below normal rainfall in southern districts. The warmest day was 97 degrees on the 3rd and coldest was 24 degrees on the morning of the 25th. Cold spots off the marshes registered 20 degrees and was the coldest on record for that date. Some berries were lost to the frost and grow- ers with short water supplies were unable to effect complete protect- ion. Roughly the first half of the month was warm, and the last half unseasonably cold. This marked the continuation of killing frosts during each of this year's grow- R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Five ing months. Average rainfall for the state is now about 4 inches be- low normal and the ground water table remains 1.9 feet below nor- mal. The extended forecast for September is for cooler and wetter weather than normal. Normal temperature for Sept. is 55.2 de- grees and 3.76 inches. Hail Loss Heavy The big news in Wisconsin the past month was the short water supplies in the Mather and City Point areas, the severe frosts the latter part of the month and the hail storms at Manitowish Waters on the 6th and in the Biron area the 29th. This was followed by a severe hail storm on the 3rd of September near Mather. The Mather storm covered about two hundred acres, the Biron storm about 125 acres and the Manito- wish area about 200 acres. Least damage was in the Manitowish area, in Biron about 25 percent of the berries were knocked off the vines and in the Mather area from 30 to 90 percent. A high percentage of the berries remain- ing on the vines were scarred bad- ly. There was little color on the berries and they are small due to the late season and cool weather. Frost damage to immature berries on two frosts the latter part of August probably took between 3 to 4 thousand barrels. Hail loss, probably will run close to 10 thousand bai-rels, depending on what can be salvaged. Water sup- pliees were im{proving the first part of September with southern marshes getting heavy showers. Probably Short Of Estimate Berry size continued to cause concern among growers relative to their estimates of crop. With the frost and hail damage sustained in late August and early Septem- ber, coupled with small berry size, it is extremely doubtful if Wiscon- sin will reach the August estimiate of 335,000 bbls. Berries are ex- pected to color earlier than nor- mal and to be of good keeping quality. Ample supplies are ex- pected to be available the first week of October. Black Light Traps Pruitworm were working Into in August, but damage appeared light. With the late season and cool weather thei-e. was some pos- sibility worms would be harvested with the berries and taken into the warehouses. Weather condi- tions the first half of September would have considerable bearing on this possibility. The writer successfully trapped adult fruit- worm millers and black headed fireworm millers with the new black light traps. Two different models were used and both work- ed equally well. Further study will be made to determine if there is some possible manner in which these machines can be used eco- nomically. Picking September 22 Growers with adequate water supplies were planning to wait as long as possible before startinp; harvesting, in an effort to gain rs much size and color as possi- ble. Most marshes were expected to begin operations Sept. 22 and the balance Sept_ 29. An excess of 90 percent of the crop is ex- pected to be both mechanically harvested and dried this year Over half of the mechanical har- vesting will be done with some type of boat arrangement. Leo A. Sorensen NCA Opens At IS Per Barrel Ocean Spray's opening price on fresh cranberries is $4.00 a case ($16.00 a barrel) for both the one-pound sellophane bags and the one-pound window boxes, it was anounced Sept. 5 by Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager and ex- ecuti^'e vice-president of National Cranberry Association. All prices are f. o. b. shipping point in the producing area. The total cranberry crop is ex- pected to run close to the Depart- ments of Agriculture's early esti- mate of 1,075,500 barrels, depend- ing upon weather conditions the next two months, but due to heavy processed sales of Ocean Spray in the spring and summer, the supply of fruit will be about 10 percent less than last season. READ CRANBERRIES I For A Life Time Flume Job USE ALL HEART REDWOOD All Lengths Select and Construction Grade Timbers 4x4 4x6 6x6 6x8 Flume Grade Planking 2x6 2x8 2x10 PROMPT DELIVERY SERVICE LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME JOBS Price List of Redwood on Request E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. ^WK Six Cranberries In North America by F. B. Chandler Research Proffessor, Cranberry Station • East Wareham, Mass. Most of the commercial cranberries of the world are grown in North America. There have been experimental plantings set in many countries in the northern ;Jieniisphere in the past, and recently there have been some sent to the" southern hemisphere. England and Holland have plantings which may be considered larger than experimental. The cranberry of commerce, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait., is native to North America and is found quite abundantly in Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada. This has often been called the American cranberry. Vaccinium Oxycoccos L., the moss cranberry, is found in the same region as well as in Europe and parts of Asia, but the fruit of this plant is much smaller than that of the American cranberry. Start of the reports listed the growers The cultivatiion of cranberries and the acreage. Connecticut, started about 1820, a little earlier Rhode Island, and Long Island, in Massachusetts than in New Jersey. The industry spread north to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and west, reaching the Pacific Coast in the 1880's. During this period of development bogs were started in many states, some of which have little or no acreage now, such as Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and North Carolina. Maine has only a few acres currently but in the period from 1850 to 1900 many growers were interested in cran- berries and many articles were written about the culture of cran- berries in Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Some N.Y., still have commercial acre- ages. Cranberry bogs in Canada have been developed much more slowly than bogs in the States and little or none of this acreage has been abandoned. Producing Areas From the beginning of the cran- berry industry up to 1900 the amount of acreage used to produce L !0 crops is not known for all sections. As New Jersey led in the production up to 1875, it might b:- assumed that New Jersey had more acres. At the turn of the csnlury Massachusetts had 11,300 acres, New Jersey 9,000, Wiscon- sin 1,2C'0, and the industry was Cranberry Acreage at the Time of the Survey* Bearing Non-bearing Intend to build Location Acres Acres Acres Masachusetts New Jersey Wisconsin Washington Oregon Nova Scotia Other Provinces 13,466 3,519** 3,900 960 470 220 116 526 400 87 59 76 50 200' 315 181 100 Total*** 22,651 1,148 846 *Apparently questions were not asked where data is missing. Massa- chusetts survey was the only one asking for the number of acres' to be abandoned in the future. The report was 183 acres. **598 acres held late, these had no crop in 1955. ***There are probably about 200 acres which were not included in these surveys, 120 acres in the remainder of New England and 80 acres in New York, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa and North Carolina. There are probably 16 gi'owers who are not included. so small in other sections that it is difficult or impossible to find the number of producing acres. The acreage increased to a maxi- mum of 15,000 in Massachusetts in 1949. In New Jersey the maxi- mum acreage of 11,200 was reached thirty years earlier. The acreage in all other sections has increased continually and the maximum ap- parently has not been reached. Recent Surveys So much for the past. In 1956 and 1957 surveys were made in all of the cranberry areas, the last bulletin containing this data was published recently and the Canadi-- an information will be published in a later issue of CRANBERRIES The information from these surveys will be summarized in this and later issues of CRANBERRIES. Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Wisconsin have had surveys before so trends may be shown, but the 1956-57 surveys were the first in other sections. The number of growers in Mass- achusetts has dropped from 2,148 in 1924 to 984 in 1956, while in New Jersey it has gone from 305 to 170. Similar information is not available from other sections but they probably have not shown as great a decline and some have shown an increase. The 1956, and 1957 surveys indicate that there were 1,686 cranberry growers in North. America with bearing bogs which were distributed as follows: Massachusetts 984, Washington 237, Wisconsin 148, Oregon 142, New Jersey 129, Nova Scotia 29, and other Canadian Provinces 1*7. When these surveys were made there were 22,651 acres in North America distributed as follows: Massachusetts 13,466, New Jersey 3,519, Wisconsin 3,900, Washington 960, Oregon 470, Nova Scotia 220, and other Canadian Provinces 116. Five sections reported non-bear- ing acreage totalling 1148 acres. New Jersey reported the largest non-bearing acreage of 526 and Wisconsin had 400 acres. The West Coast, (Oregon, Washington and Lulu Island) reported 222 acres. Massachusetts and Nova Scotia did not report non-bearing acreage. Seven Intention to build 846 acres was reported from five sections; Wash- ington 315 acres, Wisconsin 200 acres, Oregon 181. Lulu Island 100, Massachusetts 50. If these intentions are carried out, there will be over 25,000 bearing acres of cranberries in North America. Information on new acreage was not reported for New Jersey or the rest of Canada. The size of the cranberry bog holding is very interesting and may be looked at in a number of ways. First, consider the change in Massachusetts since 1924. At that time there were 1,844 grow- ers with less than ten acres, while in 1956 there were only 718. The change in numbers in the other groups was rather small. How- ever, when these are converted to the percentage of growers in each size group, we find the less than ten-acre group in Massachusetts has dropped from 85.8% to 73%, while the percentage in all other size groups has increased and the greatest increase came in the two largest groups (25 to 50 acres and over 50 acres). The percentage of the number of holdings with ten acres or less in the recent surveys in other sections was New Jersey 56.6%., Wisconsin 33.8%., Nova Scotia 86.2%, other Canadian Provinces 88.2%, and it probably was over 90%. for Washington, and Oregon. Massachusetts leads in the group of over 50 acres with 41 holdings. New Jersey is next witli 18, and Wisconsin has 14. When these are expressed on a percentage basis. New Jersey leads with 14 percent of its growers op- erating over 50 acres, Wisconsin next with 6.9%, and Massachusetts has 4.1 percent. When production is considered by size groups less than 10-acre holdings produced only 4.5 percent of the state crop in New Jersey, and in Wisconsin only 5.6 percent. In New Jersey 68 percent of the crop was pro- duced on holdings of 100 acres or more, while this size holding in Wisconsin produced 21.5 percent of the state crop. The holding 25-50 acres in Wisconsin produced 37.1 percent of the crop in 1955 which was the largest producing group. Massachusetts production data was not tabulated by size of hold- ing. The average holding per grower was 6.5A in 1924, 10.4A in 1934, 12.3A in 1946, and 13.7A in 1956. A better understanding of the cranberry acreage may come from a comparison with acreage of other crops. Surveys of the apple indus- try in Massachusetts showed that the number of growers dropped from 1576 to 371 during the period of 1940 to 1955. The orchard size during the same time increased from 605 to 929 trees. A compar- ison of the area of some other fruits harvested in the United States is published in Agricultural Statistics for 1950, the acreages are as follows: apples 833,000, oranges 566,000, grapefruit 176,000, straw- berries 127,000, lemons 58,000, figs 33,000, cranberries 27,000, olives 26,000, tangerines 24,000, and limes 5,000. Agricultural Statistics lists, the United States acreage of only two fruits for 1955, cranberries 22,270 acres and strawberries 108,860 acres. Some crops with about the same acreage as cran- berries are honeydew melons and spearmint, while hops is just a little larger, cauliflower has 28,900 acres and celery is 33,710 acres. Summarizing the first install- ment of "Cranberries in North America," it appears that the number of growers and the acre- age are decreasing on the Atlan- tic Coast, while in Wisconsin and the West Coast cranberry acreage is increasing. Source of Information Henry F. Bain. Cranberry In- dustry in Wisconsin, Wis. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 96, Madison. 1929. C. D. Stevens, C E. Cross and W. E. Piper. The' Cranberry In- dustry in Massachusetts. Bui. 157, Mass. Dept. of Agr., Boston 1957. Gordon G. Butler. The Blue- berry and Cranberry Industry in New Jersey. Circular 400, N. J. Dept. of Agr., Trenton. 1956. Vere E. Bufton. Cranberries of Wisconsin. Special Bui. 70, Wis. Dept. of Agr., Madison. 1958. F. B. Chandler. A survey of Oregon's Cranberry Industry. Mis- cellaneous Paper 38, Agr. Expt. Station, Corvallis. 1957. F. B Chandler. Cranberries in Washington. A Survey Report, 1956, Wash. Dept. of Agr., Olym- pia. 1956. F. B. Chandler. Cranberries in Canada. To be published later in CRANBERRIES. Agricultural Statistics, U.S.D.A. 1956, FOR TOPS IN HARVESTING THIS FALL — AND INCREASING CROPS EACH YEAR THE IMPROVED 1958 WESTERN PICKER MANUFACTURED IN MASSACHUSETTS BY J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 GIBBS AVE. WAREHAM, MASS. TEL. Wareham 64-W STOCKING REPAIR PARTS SALES AGENT LOUIS SHERMAN 7 CUSHMAN ST. PLYMOUTH Repair Service, Braley's and Bob Melvelle's Repair Shop Rocky Meadow Rd. RFD No. 2 Middleboro Bob William's Garage Brewster Ashley's Garage East Freetown Contact any of above for information or WESTERN PICKERS 1172 Hemlock Ave. COOS BAY, OREGON JEight Marcus M, Urann, President Of UCCCC Has Known Cranberries All His Life This Large Corporation Has Long Been Important In Massachusetts Industry — "Markie", Official of NCA, Is Also Active In Civic AflFairs. by Clarence J. Hall "We must lower our costs of production and extend our sales," That is as concisely as the problem facing Massachusetts especially, and other cranberry growers can be expressed. They are the words of Marcus M. Urann, 41, president of United Cape Cod Cranberry Com- pany of Hanson. UCCCC now operates approximately 800 acres, with an average production of 50-55 barrels per acre as compared to a 35 bbl. Massa- chusetts average. United, a few years ago owned about 1500 acres, but a program of contraction and cencentration has brought holdings to the present figure. This lowered acreage is still probably second in size with the Makepeace interests being the largest. "Markie" is the son of Mr. and agree that Marcus is not boasting Mrs. Carl B. Urann (the former now retired) and nephew of Mar- cus L. Urann. As such he has been familiar with cranberries all his life, and of cranberry problems in good times and not so good, as now. He knows the cultural, canning and marketing sides of the industry. Until more recently he has been most interested, or at least most active, in the growing end, rather than marketing. However, he served as NCA director to his father during 1952, and has been a director in his own right since the retirement of Carl. He is a member of the 7-man ex- ecutive committee. Now his posi- tion permits him a more active role in selling policies. He realizes the industry cannot be successful without a marketing program which gives the grower the re- turns he must have. Marcus was born (in Braintree) while his parents were living in Wareham and it was from his father that he learned most about cranberries. Carl B. Urann was always known as one of the bet- ter growers; he was much inter- ested in inventing and developing machinery to nrake various jobs of cranberry growing easier and economical. "My Dad is a fabu- lous man to work with in the growing end," Marcus says. Mass- achusetts growers who knew Cai'l when he was on the bogs will unduly of his father's abilities. Marcus was graduated from Ware- ham schools and then went to Bates where he majored in geo- logy and economics. He worked for United before and while going to college, and in 1939 for Na- tional. He was sent out to Chi- cago in 1940, where he took a part in building the North Chicago factory of NCA. He had intended to stay there only a short time, but remained to operate the second shift. He entered the Army in 1941 and was one of the first to reach Europe. He had expected to be placed in combat engineering, be- lieving his training best suited him for that. Instead he was as- signed as a weather man in the Air Force and was sent to Biloxi, Mississippi. He was stationed at Headquarters, 2nd Air Division, 8th Air Force. His unit consisted of 14 officers and 17 enlisted men. He had learned sonrething about weather in his studies in geology. Included in his duties were studies of the upper air masses, and this weather training in the army has since proved of much value to him in cranberry growing. One of these advantages is the recognition of various clouds and their movements, as indicative of weather to come. He also is able to check with military and civil airports, through his basic knowledge of weather, concerning local winds that cannot early be forecast. These would be such as that at Logan Airport, East Bos- ton or the airport at New Bedford. This double check may often save BRODEUR 4>N HI - VOL - PORTABLE - PROP - Llh 1 - PUMP CAPACITY TO 24,000 G.P.H. • LIGHT WEIGHT • SIMPLE DESIGN • HI-CAPACITY • EFFICIENT • ECONOMICAL OPERATION • PORTABLE • DEPENDABLE Briggs-Stratton Engine 4 cycle • QUICK DEMOUNTABLE ENGINE Comes in handy carrying case BRODEUR MACHINE CO., Inc. 62 Wood St. New Bedford, Mass. Td. WYman 2-1527 W|i»« a flow, which is of much import- ance with such large acreage to protect. He was sent overseas in 1941 and assigned to bases in East Angelica, east coast of England, as' observer in the U. S. Air Force. He was station chief, headquar- ters 2nd Bombardment Division. Until American air forces were brought over, he served with the ■^.AF> and was on sea expeditions as an observer on British tor- p^edo boats. With a touch of embarrasement he relates how at times, wearing one of the first "Eisenhower jackets," he was mistaken for the general. A glance at his photo- graph (cover) will show he has the same facial structure and other characteristics. He remained in. the army until 1845 when hje was discharged with the rating .of staff sergeant. He returned to cranberry -work, and as his father's health began to decline he became assistant man- ager of United, assistant treasurer and in 1948 vice president. Mar- cus L. Urann is treasurer and has been for many years. United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, Inc. is a sizeable outfit to head. There are 70 full-time em- ployees, including several foremen, harvest crew in the fall runs be- tween 300-400. There are some 15 major buildings, including screen- houses, although all screening at the moment is done at NCA plants. Total property consists of 12- 15,000 acres of land. United, organized by Marcus L. Urann in 1907 has a charter suf- ficiently broad to take in a num- ber of enterprises. The corpora- tion owns and operates the can- nery at Yarrow, British Columbia, property formerly owned by Na- tional. This plant both freezes and cans. This past season it froze 1,309,000 pounds of peas, 400 tons of strawberries and about 600 tons of raspberries. Most of farming residents of Frazer Val- ley, where the plant is located work at times for United, by an agreement whereby the produce of the farmers is bought by United and they have a bonus in the operation. There is a full-time, manager, but Marcus has made several trips there. Packing is under the Canada Food, Ltd. trade brand. Cranberries are processed for the account of National. An- other product is "Hi-C," an orange drink sold extensively in Western Canada. Marcus is one of those who are enthusiastic about the climate and beauty of the Pacific Northwest. "I think that's the best part of the world to live in — next, of course, to my own Southeastern Massachusetts." This is where "Fritz Shaw," James Thomas and Norman Holmes, three Carver men are settled and operating bog. SAMSON MGGEliS From $3,000 to $21,000 OFF SWING AND FULL SWING MODELS CRAWLER MODEL COMING SOON 10 MODELS TO CHOOSE FROf? CLAMSHELL BACKHOE SHOVELFROMT FOR ALL MODELS Photo is of Back Hoe Exhibite'd at Cape Growers' Meeting ALBERT W. TURGEON EQUIPMENT CO. Rte. 6 No. Dartmouth, Mass. TeL WYman 3-9924 Ten United operates two fish freez- ers, at Sandwich and at Barnstable on the Cape, where cranberries have been frozen and stored, and can be, if again necessary. These bases are about 24 hours closer to the fishing grounds, Grand ' and Georges, for the radio-telephone equipped fishing fleet than other ports. Marcus built and owns one of ! these, a 25-footer, which he has named "ScranT," which is approx- imately his name spelled back- ! ward. Fish handled at the freez- ers are not "trash" fish, so-called, although a major part of the frozen fish eventually goes to ani- mal consumption. At present 18 units of bog are operated by United, two of the largest being Mancmet, 135 acres and Burrage, 109. Bogs are all in the towns of Halifax, Hanson, Pembroke and Plymouth, all Ply- mouth County. Properties form- erly extended into Barnstable County. It is scarcely necessary to say that United is about as fully mechanized as it is possible to be. Depreciated esuipment valuation is appioximately $70,000. There jire picking machines, both West- ern and Darlington. "Our salvation (the industry) is in irj:chanization," Markie says. 'That is one way in which our production costs may be cut. We have about 30 jalopies for sanding rnd that seems to be the most economical way to sand, so far deyeloped. But, there can pro- bably be still better methods and devices for this costly, necessary practice. We like to sand on ice when possible. We haven't used a wheelbarrow on planks for years." Better and cheaper ditching methods are another major need of Massachusetts growers. Mar- cus is now experimenting with a new ditching device, which is ra- ther in the nature of a mud suck- er, or hydraulic sand pump. "Our bogs need better drainage; im- proved drainage means better crops, less weed costs." United, or more specifically Marcus and Superintendent Eddie Heleen have been working for 10 years on a new type of harvesting machine. He is careful to give full credit to Heleen for the me- chanical aspects of this project. Picking machines have cut the cost of harvest, but it is no seci'et that there is room for improve- ment and refinement, in this now necessary piece of equipment. United has always been inter- ested in developing labor-saving- devices of one kind and another, and, as Markie declares, these have not been patented, but once an improvement has been achieved any grower may take advantage of it. In the matter of the picker an exception has been made and this is already patented. "The ditch cleaner that we now use is a drag line type; a pipe 16" in diameter is drawn through the ditch, jaws open in front like the jaws 01 a fish. On the return the jaws shut and hold the mud until released on the shore or in- to a truck. "We have a venturi principle float-gathering rig that v/oAs off our Chrysler irrigation pump. This machine will deliver one box of clean berries per nvlnute, but we have to work to keep loose vines away from suction. "Sand screens have been de- signed in our shops for the sand loading machines and also a bin with shaker screen to load either jalopies, railroad, cr trucks." With; Wisconsin having a state average of 70 barrels and better, and rnany individual marshes much , higher, 'increased bai'ralage per acre for Massachusetts has become a niust, Marcus realizes among many; others. He believes this in-, creased production can be ob- tained. • ■-- As an experienced grower he suggested the following definite steps: • 1) Better drainage, including removal cf frost water 'quickly. 2) Nutrition of plants in an orderly system. 3) Proper timing of sprays and dust, incliiding' checking of results. 4) Keeping up bog as much as possible. 5) Developing berry dryers to use all the berries produced. 6) Experimenting with other m'athods of harvesting, i. e., water. 7) Research «n chemical make- up of plants with spectographic slides. "Our record production was at the rate of over 400 barrels to the acre, here at United," he says. "It is a fact verified by Dr. Berg- man. 'Run-of-miir, bog or state average must be upped in Massa-' chusetts. We know it can be done by our own experience. We must produce at least 60 barrels to the acre in the next five years if we are to be in a competitive position with Wisconsin. Some bogs will Cape Cod Cranberry Co-operative, Inc. SALES OFFICE 367 MAIN ST. WAREHAM, MASS. Tels. 1588 and 970 *^p Eleven i he well above that, but I am con- vinced we must grow cranberries at at least that rate." Turning from the cultural as- pects of Massachusetts, Markie has some thoughts on the econ- omic side. He is one of those fully aware that Massachusetts must do sonrething to improve its position with other areas. All thinking growers agree on that. "The industry is not successful without a marketing promotion to give the grower the fair returns he needs. I feel the future of the industry lies mainly in the juice, frozen cranberries and our growth and orderly growth in canning sauce at a price reasonable to the consumer." He is deeply concerned with Massachusetts cranberry bog taxa- tion as compared to other grow- ing regions. He fears it will be difficult for Massachusetts to stay in inter-area competition unless growers receive relief in the line of taxation. He asks, "What other business is taxed on its real estate 10 percent of the total income — tax $1.00 per barrel vs. $10.00 price per barrel?" As a director for the Hanson district, he has appeared as a witness for growers of his dis- trict at the Appellate tax court. Complicating this tax situation in the northern portion of Plym- outh County, or the Hanson area, is that many who have lived in Boston are now moving in con- stantly increasing number to this commuting area. Halifax, with its many bogs, for instance, is only 25 miles over good highways, constantly being improved. It is now possible to "get into Town," in less time from some of these rural sections than from nearer regions. There is a considerable amount of commuter buildings in Pembroke. This trend could influence tax rates of cranberry growers who own property along and near main highways. Markie has a particular interest in this problem of taxa- tion. He is active as Halifax rep- resentative to a recently-formred Southeastern Massachusetts Indus- trial Develepment Organization, which as its name implies, is seek- ing new industry for the cran- berry portion of the state. Concerning the marketing situa- tion, Marcus says, "I feel strong- ly that no distributor of cranber- ries is any asset to the industry, who does not try to help the whole industry by trying to increase the consumption of berries by adver- tising promotion and industry co- operation. No man can lift himself at the expense of others." He, like many others does not like the idea in theory of seeking any government assistance in cranberry marketing. "If we can't get together by ourselves, then it looks as if we nrust be made to. We can't get along with 'splinter' parties con- stantly torpedoing each other. I don't see why we can't act like men when it comes to selling our crop and not like a bunch of boys. We should be able to act con- structively along logical lines and within federal regulations. No- ybody would expect a grower of any commodity to continue year after year to sell his fresh ber- -ries at a loss. Why should they not be fairly priced and that price upheld?" He also definitely believes in the need of a Cranberry Institute and that it should be a strong, well-functioning organization to which all growers belong. He makes one suggestion, a rel- rt''vpiv simple one — the Institute pbould keep every distributor in- "'■'^rmed daily during the market- ing season of the conditions and s=a'es (including price) of the various distributing cities. "We k^iow from experience that often one market is flooded at a given time while another, maybe only a short distance away, has no cranberries. This glut in some markets while others are starving raises havoc with prices." He sees no reason why it would cost too much or inconvenience too much, if each distributor at the end of a business day wired the Institute how many cars he had shipped to each market and at what price. This accurate summary could be wired to each distributor, so that the following morning he could look at a map and have a com- plete picture at a glance. Each agent then would be better en- abled to judge where to make his own shipments that day. "We would all know what the other fellow is doing, and if a dealer or distributor didn't send in his report, we could guess pretty well why. The Institute would be a real clearing house. We would have stronger markets." This is in line with the "posting" argument in favor of a marketing order. Besides heading up United at the end of its first half century, Markie is a grower in his own right. He OMTis a personal bog of 12 acres, operating as the Robbins Pond Produce Company of East Bridgewater. He really is keen on the actual growing of cran- berries and this is his individual outlet. At the time he was learning the business with his father, and while he was going to college, he worked two summers at the Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Ware- ham. He learned much of cran- berry growing then under Dr. H. J. Franklin and with Dr. C. E. Cross, Dr. H. F. Bergman, "Joe" Kelley and Dr. Sawyer. He has high ^ hopes of the hy- brid program as producing better and more fruit, another factor in cost cutting. United C^pe Cod is participating in this program and has a quarter acre set aside for testing the new varieties. This is newly-built bog on best bottom, not a run-out piece. He is also an active partner in "Three M" cranberry bogs. This is a property of 26 acres in East Middleboro. He and his two sis- ters, Mina and Maxine (now Mrs. Karl Manner of Caracas, Vene- zuela, and Mrs. John Baldry of St. Leonard's-on-the-Sea, Eng- land), respectively, make up the "Three M", with his mother in- cluded. Interests of Marcus are, activity in a nunrber of civic and other organizations. He is treasurer of Boy Scout Troop 39 of Halifax; Twelve Reader of the Explorer Scouts, Hal- ifax. Past president of Halifax Kiwanis. Member of the Halifax school sui'vey and building com- mittee. He is chairman of Halifax Republican Town Committee, di- rector of Tax Payers' Association, Div. Fleet captain Coast Guard Auxiliary, and Halifax American iLegion. He is a director of Ocean Spray, Ltd., of Canada and director of Cascades Foods, Ltd. He is a member of Cape C©d Cranberry I Growers' Association and of South Shore Cranberry Club, and has served on various cranberry com- mittees. He is married to the former Nadine Jason of Wareham and the couple have two sons, Marcus Morton Urann, HI and David Win- slow Urann. When Markie finds time he likes to go fishing boating. Since this article was written, he has moved to Duxbury. Crop Prospects September U. S. D. A. crop es- timate, released the 10th, was un- changed from the August prelim- inary. Total remains at 1,076,500 barrels, divided as follows: Massa- chosetts 570,000; New Jersey 88- 000; Wisconsin 335,000; Washing- ton 49,500; Oregon 34,000. A release of September 9th, quotes Vernon Goldsworthy, of Eagle River, Wisconsin, second vice president of Cranberry In- stitute as estimating the Wiscon- sin crop as short by about 35,000 barrels of estimate. "Dry weather and a shortage of water are taking a toll," he stated "and there was considerable dam- age from hail in some areas last spring." Orrin G. Colley, president of the Institute in the same release, ex- pects the New Jersey crop to fall short of estimate, but that Massa- chusetts is expected to fulfill its estimate and that Washington and Qre^on crops look favorable^ Wisconsin Meet More than 150 cranberry grow- ers and guests attended the 72nd summer meeting of the Wiscon- sin State Growers' Association held at the Cutler Cranberry Co., Shennington. Half of the group partook of a fine luncheon pre- pared by the women of the Dan- ish-American Luthern Church of FOR SALE A going business in Nova Scotia ; 200 acres of land, 3 homes, all with modern conveniences and bath, out building and one garage. 75 acres cleared land, rest wooded, 8 acres cranberry bog, and a market for all the berries you can grow at good prices. 1 screenhouse all complete, with a Hayden Separator. 1 Canning Plant all equipped. 2 acres of blueberries, bearing and 4 acres getting cleared. Trans-Island highway runs within 300 feet in front of houses. Ideal place for Motel, or Over-Night Cab- ins. None within 30 miles. Borders on the Northumberland Strait, with private sandy beach, good bathing. 1 duck pond and beaver dam. Game in woods, deer, pheasants, Hungarian Partridge, rabbits, etc. 2 trucks and 1 salmon trap. WRITE FOR DETAILS AND PICTURES TO NORTH SHORE CRANBERRY BOG GEORGE W. MASON MERIGONISH NOVA SCOTIA CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY Makers of ft ■ V ♦•■V « «a#^ REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these fine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA®cornoil • KARO*syrup • LIMIT*dry and liquid starches BOSCO*chocolate flavored syrup • NU-SOFT fabric softener rinse NIAGARA*instant starch • ARGO corn and gloss starches KASCO* dog food Thirte?s Shennington. From 10 a.m. to noon, growers witnessed various demonstrations of cranberry equipment put on by the local host grower and various exhibit- ors. The regular meeting opened at 1:30 p.m. and was devoted main- ly to technical reports by Univer- sity of Wisconsin researchers and weathermen. An introduction of guests 'preceded the opening of the speakers' program. President Marvin Hewitt wel- comed the group and expressed thanks to the Guy Potter family for the fine meeting place. He also expressed thanks to the var- iuos exhibitors. As this was the start of Labor Day weekend he was extremely appreciative of the tui-nout of growers and of the speakers appearing on the pro- gram. Introducing guest speak- er, Dean Froker, Hewitt empha- sized here was the man respon- sible for the research help the growers were receiving from the University. Dean R. K." Folker Dean R. K. Folker extended greetings from the College of Ag- riculture and the University of Wisconsin. He stated the agri- cultural school was very much in- terested in Wisconsin cranberry culture and pointed out that agri- cultural extension work was start- ed in cranberries in 1903 in Wis- consin. In reviewing the first re- port made by the extension serv- ice in 1905, he remarked how gen- eral it was in nature, compared to the sperialized reports and fields now carried on by depart- ment personnel. He reported of the formation of the cranberry experimental area in Cranmoor under a 15 year agreement with the Growers' As- sociation back in 1905 and told of the fine relationship under that agreement. He cited numerous cultural problems in cranberry growing during that period, point- ing out that they were basically the same today. He enumerated the men and departments from the college working on cranberry problems and remarked of the fine relationship they were enjoying working with the growers. He stated that although Wisconsin production had increased mater- ially since the end of the war, it was not altogether a result of re- ( Continued On Page 16) A crew of six girls will harvest wit:i a Western Picker the 50-acre bogs, in Middleboro. and Plymouth, Mass. of Harrison Goddard, Women have operated mechanical harvesters in previous years in limited numbers, but this ys probably the largest all-woman crew assembled. Goddard has had two women operators the past two years. Group is shown at Cranberry Exper- iment Station, East Wareham August "27 attend- ing the cranberry picking machine school under Fourteen direction of county agents. Louis Sherman, Ply- mouth, left, was the instructor and the girls from left 4,\\/a right are Barbara Davis, Bula Eresnahan, Jean Richards, Barbara Richmond, Edith Cazafoli and Maggi Goddard. Mr. Goddard is at the rear. Some growers say women are more "conscientious" pickers than men, disliking "to' see the waste of berries left on the bog. (CRANBERRIES Photo) itf ■iHMlinii iiiwiiUMMMilini III iilwiMiiii ■liiiii.Mii— mini i nrn iMl mli^gixt' itamUmait^i^iii^amdiiiktani m ISSUE OF SEPTEAABER 1958 VOL 23 - NO. 5 Bii^^nn^^Ri^^Bi- -nn^^ ■!-■■»»- THE BATTLE IS ON PICKING is in full swing. Despite frosts, rainy spells, labor shortages the ber- ries will be gotten off the vines and into the warehouses. The problem of the industry, or more specifically that of the distributors is to get them marketed at a price with a fair measure of profit to the grower. Handling about 75 percent of the crop this is mainly the job of National Cranberry Association. Other co-ops and independents, too, , must do their full share in attempting to main- tain an orderly market. Following the annual meeting of stock- holders of NCA we believe there is a feel- ing of optimism in the industry. Many commented favorably on the hard-hitting promotion plans of the new director of advertising and public relations, H. Drew Flegal. There is newspaper and magazine and radio promotion, but the heavy artil- lery, as Mr. Flegal said, "lines up on tele- vision." The 60 and 20 second "spots" with the catchy jingles and the apparent common sense of the sales messages conveyed could, and we hope, do, a great deal to stimulate, and quicken sales. Consumer research has revealed that cranberries combine well with meat favorites, pot roast, pork roast, ham, chops, meat loaf (and cold cuts, as growers enjoying the buffet lunch at the meeting found out.) The popular notion of cranberries with turkey and chicken is now well established, but will continue to be pressed. The new slogan of cranberries the "Natural Mate for Every Meat," broad- ens the base tremendously. Also cran- berry cocktail, fortified with vitamin C, as a breakfast juice, if it clicks, against the toughest kind of competition, could dis- pose of a small mountain of cranberries. Behind these plans is the thought of building up cranberry sales the year around, not just for certain holidays. We hope there will be adequate pro- motion and real sales effort on the part of all distributors in the fresh fruit mar- ket. Our eggs are not all in the processed fruit basket yet, by any means. It will be many a year before they are, and prob- ably never entirely. And, we must all of us realize fully. •nn^— DH^— Hn.»^u«- -BM— ■■ m^^n^i^w^ 111^— All— •■■•^■«)» Editor and Publisher. CLARENCE J. HALL. EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington — Oregon CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey that we have the prospect of our second largest crop, and not to "look for miracles," as General Manager Stevens of NCA has pointed at various times. WE CALL special attention to the series "Cranberries In North America" by Dr. F. B. Chandler beginning this month. We do not think there has been before such a wide-ranging compilation of infor- mation and statistics brought up to date by the recent area surveys. Fifte'en WISCONSIN MEET (Continued From Page 14) search work, but that the growers themselves have been responsible for much of the increased yields along with their fieldmen. He commended the growers fer their great strides in mechanization. With production up and competi- tion great, he urged the growers to give careful and serious study to their marketing problems. Stating marketing was his field, he urged co-operation among all producing areas in the field of marketing. Only on an industry basis, whereby various segments of the industry work together can marketing problems be solved and handled satisfactorily for grower profit, he said. In conclusion, he stated he was very happy to be present and pledged continued support from the university, not only in growing but also in market- ing research, which he considers the number one problem for the grower today. Dr. R. H. Robei-ts of the Univer- sity of Horticultural Dept. was next on the program. He men- tioned he had not been out on the marshes too much the past year as he had been busy working with plant substances, which inhibit tumor growths on animals. He re- marked that for 17 years he had been working on cranberry weeds, with both selective and contact type weed killers. During this time he stated that selectives were not too promising and of the con- tact types, solvent gave the best general control. He recommended low pressure in applying solvent. He feels weeds do most damage to cranberry production by inter- fering with wind pollination of the blossoms. He felt that only 10 percent of the state marshes need nitrogen apVHcations, otherwise too much vine growth and weed growth result, cutting production. He said everyone agreed that the cleaner and shorter the vine growth, the better the set and crop. He stated that the best method of solvent control was with the under vine boom when the weeds to be controlled were up to the tips of the vines. He m,entioned that weeds kill easier at this stage by getting at the crowns. As seasons vary, he suggested growers not go by the calendar in applying solvent. He concluded stating that he doubted if it were practi- cal to clean out all weeds and felt that any weed killer that would give weed control for three years without hurting the crop was cheap. He suggested spraying wideleaf and bunchgrass with sol- vent after harvest as long as the plants stay green. Dr. M. N. Dana Dr. M. N. Dana of the Horticul- tural Dept. discussed his experi- mental work with selective hebi- cides. He stated this was his 4th year of experimental work and growers were shown some of his test plots on the weed tour Aug. 8th. He remarked that he had tried numerous herbicides and that this type of work takes time. He mentioned that all three systemic herbicides he was recommending for trial work had not been clear- ed for pre-harvest use. As for post-harvest applications, he doubted if this would be of much benefit to Wisconsin, especially on broad leaf weeds, due to the early hard frosts and plant maturity in September. He mentioned possi- ble work could be done on anything that apeared green after harvest. He passed out a summary sheet on suggested experimental uses for systemic herbicides he had worked with, pointing out that use should be governed to label restrictions. He stated that legal clearance for amino triazole was still up in the air for pre-harvest use, but re- ported American Cyanamid was submitting additional samples of AT to the Food and Drug Admin- istration for analysis. He again was hoping for clearance for pre- harvest u.se of AT in 1959. He also stated that Dow Chemical was submitting dalapon i-esidue samples in an effort to get clear- ance for the use of dalapon in swabbing and post-harvest use. He continued, reporting malic hydrzide samples were sent in, but more samples were requested. He mentioned New Jersey was inter- ested in obtaining clearance for MH to use as a vine growing in- hibitor. He outlined the work "he had done on perennial smartweed and sensitive fern using MH. Dis- cussing Simizian, he felt any pos- sibility of getting clearance on this material was at least two years away. He concluded stating he had some good results using 2 pounds per acre for pre-emergence annual weed control. James Georg, meterologist in charge of the cranberry frost warning service, discussed the basic principles of the sling psy- chrometer and net rariometer in cranberry weather forecasting. He opened his talk stating the sling psychrometer was used for measuring the dew point and had been used for many years in wea- ther forecasting. He explained the working principles, costs and time to take readings. He felt ev- ery grower could beneficially use one of these psychrometers, es- pecially in conjunction with the net radiometer. Georg explained the net radiometer was invented by University of Wisconsin meter- ologists to measure radiation. While radiometers are not new, this type was exceptional in that it is cheap, accurate, easy to ob- tain and easy to use. He outlined the experience he had with this machine in Floi'ida and on Wisconsin marshes. He has developed a formula and data curves in adapting the readings to individual locations. Last year one machine was in use in Cran- moor and this year three machines were out in Wood County marshes. He felt the data obtained this year would be most beneficial and felt other growers could start using these instruments next year Cost of the machine and blower is about S50 in kit form. He contin- ued saying that within a short period an individual grower using these two instruments would be able to do an exceptional job in forecasting his own minimum tem- peratures. He concluded saying Wisconsin was in for a cool, wet September and hoped the growers I Sixteen harvested good crops and would leceive adequate returns. Leo A. Sorensen, secretary, gave a report of the association's activ- ities for the year to date. He sug- gested the members give considera- tion to setting definite dates for the two annual meetings at the ounuary meeting. He reported on the attempt to receive clearance on the use of AT and of the ap- pearance made at Madison relative to legislation changes in Wiscon- sin water laws. He said a contin- ued watch would be kept on any further hearings or legislation. He reported an estimated 250,000 people visited the Agricultural Building, which housed the associ- ation's cranberry booth at the State Fair, August 16 - 24 and of the thousands of recipe folders dis- tributed. He stated work was just about completed on the new color- ed cranberry film being made by the University of Wisconsin ex- tension service and prints would be available early this fall for dis- thibution. Work was also progressing on the cranberry directory in co-op- eration with the State Dept. of Agriculture and a combined dir- ectory with other state associa- tions was now planned to be print- ed by the first of the year. He gave a review of the grow- ing season and felt that the pre- liminary estimate of 335,000 bbls. was too high due to the late sea- son and small berry size, plus the Icsses to hail and frost. The meeting was adjourned at 4 p. m, L. A. Sorensen Stanley Benson To Ocean Spray Fresh Fruit Stanley D. Benson of Lakeville, Massachusetts, with 17 years' ex- perience in the cranberry industry, has been added to Ocean Spray's fresh cranberry division, accoi-ding to an announcement by Larry E. Proesch, director of marketing. After 10 years with New Eng- land Cranberry Sales Company in merchandising, promotion and grower relations, Mr. Benson trans- ferred to Eatmor sales in 1950. He began his work with Ocean Spray September 1 and will work from National Cranberry Associa- tion's headquarters in Hanson, Massachusetts, as assistant to Gil- bert Beaton. Moderator of the town of Lake- ville, Mr. Benson is active in the community, serving as an incor- porator of St. Luke's Hospital, in- corporator of the Middleboro Sav- ."ngs Bank, director o± Y.M.C.A. and clerk of the Central Congregation- al Church in Middleboro. His duties at Ocean Spray will include sales and traffic, fresh fruit. LATE MASSACHUSEnS Harvesting Begun Harvesting generally began September 10 - 12. Berries in most instances were reported as being of good size, good quality, but much fruit of light color, even on thin vines. Lack of sunshine may be the cause of this. More than 2,000 acres were given fun- gicide treatments to impfoVe the quality and this is felt to havei definitely been a help. Early September Dry September up to the 15th had been dry, total rainfall to that date being .69 inches. This in- cluded .45 inches which fell in a freakish storm on the 8th. The storm brought a waterspout, or twister across a portion of Buz- zards Bay. Little or no damage was caused. Such a thing as a waterspout in waters of the South- eastern Massachusetts cranberry area, seems not to have been re- called before, at least not in many years. What with hurricanes, ex- cessive rains, droughts, frosts, etc. it gave present-day growers the opportunity to say "We've seen about every sort of weather now." Temperature Temperature to the 15th was a minus 8 or practically normal, as weather is almost never absolutely "normal". Shipments Up to the 15th probably not more than ten cars had been shipped from Massachusetts. But shipments were speeding up. Top prices for "earliest first round" of shipments were reported as being $4.25 to $4.50 in Boston with $5.50, $5.75 in Chicago for a choice, well- colored lot. More Rain Harvesting had proceeded on a heavy scale for about four days when a northeast rain storm hit on the 17th which was causing at least a four day loss of picking as this issue went to press. The rain, mostly heavy, was adding to the size of berries and giving needed coloring. Color should im- prove rapidly from that point on. The storm gave growers an op- portunity to make any repairs necessary to picking machines or do other indoor work, but with the month so far advanced they were anxious to get on with har- vesting. Up to the 19th there had been no frost losses and there was certainly an amplitude of water for whatever frosts migiit lie ahead. Seventeen Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager and vice-president of NCA is shown in this unusual photograph as he delivered his report at the annual meeting at Hanson, last month. Cooling Fruit In Storage (Editor's Note:-In view of experi- ments to keep cranberries fresh longer, the following may be of interest.) Storage operators who handle apples and pears like to "room cool" their fruit. When this meth- od is properly used, they can keep the fruit at a uniform tempera- ture with a minimum of handling: and expense. Fruit that is "room cooled" is received, cooled, and stored all in one room. In this way, some of the problems of precooling are eliminated and there is only one handling and stacking operation. But simple as this sounds, "room cooling" can be complicated busi- ness. Many factors influence the effectiveness of cooling. It's often difficult to maintain uniform tem- perature throughout storage, and different handling procedures pro- duce different results. AMS handling and facilities 'ex- perts have been studying the var- ious factors that determine suc- cessful cooling of apples and pears. As a yardstick, they have developed what they call "half- pooling time". This is the time it takes to reduce the temperatm'e of a stored apple or pear halfway *5etw66tt its initial temperature and he storage air temperature. Researchers determined half- cooling timesfv for the more com- mon containers and stacking ar- langements. They were: 6 to 10 hours for unpacked pears in can- nery lugs in individual rows and 8.6 to 18.4 hours on pallets; 6.9 to 14 hours for unpacked apples in apple boxes in individual rows and 15.4 to 23.4 hours on pallets; 23 to 36 hours for packed pears in wood- en boxes in individual rows; and 27 to 50 hours for packed apples in wooden boxes in individual rows and 45 to 66 hours on pallets. The refrigeration capacity must be adequate to keep the storage room at the lowest temperature that can be used safely during cooling. If this capacity is pro- vided, the three most important factors that influence cooling time are the method of packing, the di- mensions of the packages, and the manner of stacking. Unpacked fruit cools more rap- idly than packed fruit because the air can flow more easily through the boxes. The distance from the center of the pile of containers, to the sur- face where the heat is removed is also important. Packages with three or four surfaces exposed to the air have a definite advantage over those with only one or two exposed surfaces. This can be seen in the differences in cooling fruit in pallet stacks and in indi- vidual rows. Increased air velocity also has some effect in reducing cooling time, but as exposure becomes less, so does the effectiveness of air velocity. An ideal storage room should hold all fruit in the room at the same tempei-ature. AllKough this is not possible, it is practical to say that the average difference between the warmest and coolest fruit should not exceed 2° F. Improperly adjusted air dis- tribution systems are a major cause of nonuniform temperatures. Heat transmission into packages in contact with outside walls or groud floors, and valuations due Eighteen to poor operation of temperature control systems also produce non- uniform fruit tem,perature. Air should flow parallel to the stacks to produce the most uniform fruit temperatures. Emile C, St. Jacques Emile C. St. Jacques, 66, own- er of the Hayden Separator Com- pany, and long active in the cran- berry industry, died suddenly at his home at 124 High St., Ware- ham, Mass., at 2 a.m. Monday, Aug. 25. For some time Mr. St. Jacques had been suffering from a heart condition and had been only semi- active in his business. In 1927 he bought the Hayden Separator Company of South Car- ver and transferred the office and plant to Main St. in Wareham. The business was recently moved to West Wareham. His son, Rob- ert H. St. Jacques, has been asso- ciated with him in the business for some time. Mr. St. Jacques pioneered in cranberry dusters, and the firm was the manufactur- er and distributor of the Darling- ton picker. It supplies many items of specialized equipment to cranberry growers, not only in Massachusetts, but in other cran- berry areas. For a vv^hile, Mr. St. Jacques operated a bog at Crooked River, Great Neck, Wareham. Mr. St. Jacques was born in Marlboro, Mass., the son of Dr. and Mrs. Robert St. Jacques. He attended public schools in Whitins- ville and was graduated from Wor- cester Polytechnic Instiute with a civil engineering degree in 1915. Following his education, he en- gaged in construction work, and served as an appraiser for the American Appraisal Company. He was married to Marie R. Messier of Pawtucket, R. I., on Sept. 20, 1921. Mr. St. Jacques was a past pres- ident of the Southeastern Cran- berry Club meeting at Rochester, a member of Cape Cod Cranberry Grower's Association, and had served on the board of directors. He was a past president of the former Wareham Rotary Club. For about three years he was the ERA administrator in Wareham. He had also served as Wareham town auditor. He had been a member of the Plymouth County Agricul- tural Council. Surviving besides his widow and son, are two grandchildren, Ro- berta and Elizabeth, and two sis- ters, Mrs. Blanche Mayday and Mrs. Aline Cotnoir of Leicester, Mass. High Mass of Requiem was held Augugust 27 morning at 9 a.m. at St. Patrick's Church, Wareham, where he was a communicant. In- terment was at St. Patrick's ceme- tery, Wareham. Cranberries In Wisconsin There is some variation from year to year in the harvesting period for cranberries. For the state as a whole the normal har- vest season begins about Septem- ber 17 and is completed by about October 13. In 1956, the average date har- vesting began was September 21 and the date of completion aver- aged October 11. Harvesting methods have undergone consider- able change during the past de- cade. In the 1949 survey, 95 per- cent of the growers representing 96 percent of the avei'age employ- ed the flooding and raking method in harvesting their berries. Me- chanical pickers at that time were still in the experimental stage. In the 1952-53 survey 25 per- cent of the acreage was mechani- cally harvested. In the years im- mediately following, the mechani- cal pickers were improved and used more extensively in the har- vesting of the fruit. In harvesting the 1956 crop, growers reported that 66.5 percent of the production was mechani- cally harvested and about 62 per- cent was mechanically dried. All but about 2 percent of the bearing acreage was harvested on the flood in 1956, according to the survey. Pollination is one of the import- ant factors in producing cranber- ries. In addition to the natural pollinating media, honey bees play an important role. In the 1952- 53 survey, an average of one colony of bees was owned or rented by growers for each 4.6 acres of bear- ing marsh. About 48 percent of the colonies were owned by pro- ducers with 52 percent being rent- ed. The 1957 sui-vey indicated that the use of honey bees is not de- clining. An average of one colony for each 2.8 bearing acres was re- ported for the 1956 crop. About 30 percent of the colonies were owned by the growers report- ing and 70 percent were rented. Simazin Tests n Washington Ralph E. Tidrick, County Exten- sion Agent for Pacific County, Washington writing in his bulle- tin to growers, "The Cranberry Vine", tells of the experiments of Charles E. Doughty, Superinten- dent of the Long Beach Experiment Station with Simazin for weed control on young bogs. He writes the tests were at 24 and 16 pounds of 5G'7r wettable Simazin per acre applied as a ground spray on young vines. Doughty's report was that weed control was excellent on the plots receiving 8 and 16 lbs. of the 50% material. The control on the four pound plots was fair. The two pound rate did not appear adequate. Doughty has suggested eight pounds of the material per acre is probably the more econom- ical. This year the applications were applied April 30. He adds, perhaps another year under differ- ent weather conditions the results might not be the same. Trials were put on established vines also but with disappointing results. Doughty listed several reasons why this may have been so. They are: (1) this matei'ial must reach the ground in order to be effective and the material may have been held up by dense vines; Nineteen 8VT11 THE (2) the material kills only ger- minating weeds and it may be that earlier treatments would have pro- duced better results. Doughty has indicated he plans to do additional work next season. Fertilization In Massachusetts ( From "The Cranberry Industry in Massachusetts," Bui. No. 157) Data on the usage of fertilizers were obtained for 1,158 bogs hav- ing a total of 12,149.6 acres. The conclusions as to fertilizer prac- tices of cranberry growers, there- fore, as based on records secured by enumerators covering 90 per- cent of Massachusetts cranberry acreage. Reports relating to 426 bogs and involving 2,622 acres of cranberries show no fertilizer used, while 732 reports involving 9,527.6 acres reported the use of 906.3 tons of fertilizer. Fertilizer was added to 7,776 acres, which is 78 percent more than in the previous sui'vey. Reported acreage includes the entire acreage in bogs to which fertilizer was applied on a spot basis. In 1955, 906 tons of fertili- zer was reported used, a 24 per- cent increase over the 1946 re- port. On the basis of reports secured, the survey indicates that 70.6 per- cent of the cranberry acreage was fertilized in 1955. In Barnstable nearly 61.4 percent of the cran- berry acreage was fertilized while in Plymouth County the percent- age was 76.0. On the basis of the number of bogs reporting, 45.8 percent of the bogs in Barnstable County show fertilizer used; 65.5 percent in Plymouth County, and 58.5 percent for the state. The 5-10-5, 7-7-7 and 8-16-16 grades were applied to nearly the same number of acres. Each of these fertilizers was used on four times the acreage of the next most-used grade. Of a total ton- nage of 906 tons used, 236 tons were 5-10-5. Eighty-six percent of the tonnage, was complete mix- ture, 7'/<- was nitrogen alone and I'A carried no nitrogen. Try to remember that it is just as easy to form good habits that will help you, as bad habits that hinder. READ Cranberries Magazine If all the useless words spoken were placed end to end, they would reach some man trying his best to concentrate. .llHill^Biilil S INTERESTED i IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES 1 Vernon Goldsworthy 1 EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN The Grower Who Belongs" INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin WHEN YOU TRAVEL by Northwest Airlines AROUND THE WORLD try Eagle River Spiced Cranberries and CRANBERRY-ORANGE RELISH Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Twenty RVINe THE wisaoN CONVERTERS of CELLOPHANE POLYETHYLENE and other Flexible Materials Plain or Printed BAGS ROLL STOCK SHEETING TOMAH PRODUCTS, INC. TOMAH, WISCONSIN PHONE 800 DANA /MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G€tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DiSTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Cranberry growers have enjoyed tw^o decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin ^««^ i THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA 1 1 *•**••* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point I CORRUGATED COLVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Feiker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WiSCONSiN Phone 230 - 231 -BH^^lHl— Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! It is available for those who have an advertising I message to the Wisconsin Industry THESE ADS ARE DESIGNED TO MOVE THE NEW CROP LIKE NEVER BEFORE ! "It's the natural mate for every meat!" is the theme of the exciting new ad campaign for Ocean Spray. It features eye-catching 4-color ads running in these big-circulation magazines: LADIES' HOME JOURNAL, BETTER HOMES AND GARDENS, GOOD HOUSEKEEPING, SUNSET . . . plus hard-selling TV commercials. The campaign sells cranberry sauce as a natural mate to every meat — not just chicken and turkey. It makes people more cranberry-con- scious . . . helps build sales not only of processed berries, but of fresh berries as well! This means increased consumption all the year round. The result? Ocean Spray Cranberries will move like never before! Your business BROWS when you grow and sell through NCA National Cranberry Association, Hanson, Massachusetts. Tel. Bryantville — CYpress 3-6311. RViNG A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY CAPE COD NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA "BOB" PILLSBURY, Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Sta berries on dike. (CRANBERR 35 Cents OCTOBER 1951 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouae Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. The i CHARLES W. HARRIS: Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company ■ American Cyanimid Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boms and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. es« ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES VARIETIES (From the "Cranberry Industry in Massachusetts", bulletin No. 57). The acreage of Early Blacks has continually increased, while all other varieties have been decreas- ing. Production in 1955 consisted of 64 percent Early Blacks, 32 percent Howes, and 4 percent other varieties. Through the U. S. Department of Agriculture new varieties of cranberries have been developed and some produce higher yields of better quality fruit than Early Blacks or Howes. All of the se- lections may be observed at the State Bog, East Wareham. These selections are being tried at six or more locations in the State. The 1956 acreage of Early Blacks was 8,387, Howes, 4,373, McFarlins, 117; others, 588. flliiWlinilHilliailllHIIIIHIIIIIillllBIIIIHiillMllli MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Send A Copy To Your Friends . . . WITHOUT CHARGE Please sen persons liste'd To d a free below : copy of CRANBERRIES To with my compliments to the 1 Address Address City Z . ..... State City ..... ... Z State Sender Address ELECTRICITY Is your good "friend" any month in the year. It is an especially valuable aid in October, when the daylight hours are shortening and you are busy with your screening and shipping. Plymouth Counly Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL. 1300 YOU ARE READING 1 THIS AD * :ie **:(:* * Others Will Read Yours in CRANBERRIES •{•311 1 III* CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Masi. One Cranberry Recipe Makes Woman A Pillshury Finalist A cranberry recipe made Mrs. Elsie Fraher of Wareham, Mass., one of 100 finalists in the national Pillsbury Baking Contest at Hotel Waldorf-Astoria, New York, Sep- tember 22. Before she left for New York with her husband, Frank, she had already received an electric range and a check for $100 as a finalist's prize. In New York befoi*e the bake- off she was a guest at the Waldorf- Astoria, treated to a round of restaurants and miet movie star Ronald Reagan and officials of the General Electric Company and Pillsbury Company. In addition to the prizes, each finalist was given an evening bag, French per- fume, an overnight bag, an assort- ment of spices, a corsage. Although Mrs. Fraher was not the grand prize winner, her re- cipe will be seen by thousands of homemakers in a recipe booklet being prepared by Pillsbury. Mrs. Fi'aher's finalist recipe is: CAPE COD RUBY SQUARES Filling: 2 cups cranberries IVz cups crushed pineapple 1 10-oz. pkg. frozen strawberries or 2 cups fresh berz-ies % cup sugar 1 tblsp. corn starch 1 tsp. vanilla Pastry: 1 cup vegetable shortening 2 cups Pillsbury best all-purpose flour Vz tsp. baking powder % tsp. salt Va cup plus two tablespoons it comes from the can, and the frozen strawberries. Add sugar and stir urtil cranberries have popped. Ad*^ cornstarch which ha:; water Wash cranberries and cook to- gethei- with pineapple and juice as been moistened with V^ cup water and coo!: until fruit mixture is a c'ear red (about 5 min.) Set aside to cool. When partially cooled, add 1 tsp. vanilla. Add Pillsbury flour, salt and baking powder to the 1 cup short- ening. Cut shortening in, but only until there are no large pieces left. It is not necessary to mix until the ingredients are like meal, but rather until the shortening ir, cut into bean-size pieces. Add cofd water and mix only until flour is mixed in. Roll pastry out to fit jelly roll nan approximately 11 x H. After rolling pastry quite thin, line pan with pastry. Spread fruit mixture over the pastry just until pastry is covered. Wet edges of paltry with one egg which iias been beaten with about % cup milk. Roll out additional pastry into % inch strips and form a top crust of lattice work. Paint top of crust with egg mixture and bake 450 degrees (about 20 min.) until brown. When cool, cut in squares. There should be enough filling left to make extra squares or tarts if desired. This filling may be pre- pared ahead of time and either frozen or put up like preserves when hot. A SALUTE TO CANNING INDUSTRY America's canning industry was saluted during September for the vitally important function it per- forms in marketing agricultural products, "Agricultural Marketing" reports. All segments of the food market- ing business combined in a cele- bration of September as "Canned Foods Month." It was one of those occasions when the spot- light was put on an important in- dustry serving agriculture and due tribute was paid for the day-in, day-out, around-the clock contri- butions that the industry makes to building a better way of life for Americans. The U. S. Department of Agri- culture took a leading part in the celebration. Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Machine Harvest The Massachusetts cranberry harvest has progressed remarkably well considering the late season and the frequency of our rains and ircsts. Just for the record, meas- urable amounts of rain were recor- ded on 10 days in September and 8 frost reports, including the after- noon and evening warnings, were released during the first 16 days in October. If it hadn't been for the picking machines, the harvest would have been greatly delayed under these unfavorable conditions. New improvements, good servicing, and careful operation of these ma- chines have greatly increased their effectiveness. We estimate that at least 80 percent of the Massachu- setts acreage was picked by the Darlington and Western machines this fall. Demoranville Studies Irving Demoranville's growth studies are providing some very useful and interesting information. His records this fall show that "early water" Early Blacks are about average in size and weight compared with samples collected during the last five years. They reached their peak of growth about mid-September. However, our "late water" Early Blacks are the largest and heaviest since he be- gan his studies in 1953. One sample of "late water" Early Blacks showed an unusual cup count of 84. They completed their growth by the last week in Septem- ber. "Early water" Howes, on the other hand, are the smallest and lightest that Demoranville has re- corded in five years. We had no "late water" Howes at the State Bog this year. A complete report of his studies will be available at a later date. Visitors The Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion has enjoyed many visitors dur- ing the past month. We rather ex- pect that the colorful harvest was the prime attraction for so many visitors whom we always enjoy. They include a group of growers, extension and research representa- tives from Nova Scotia who were interested in small fruits, including cranberries. J. K. McEwen, from the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, was another visitor. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Dana from Wisconsin spent a few days in the cranberry area while Dana experi- mented with water picking under Massachusetts conditions, using one of his new picking machines. Our staff cooperated with these experi- ments, including techniques for drying the water-picked fruit. We were also hosts to an Amherst, Massachusetts & Washington, D.C., delegation from the Commodity Stabilization Program. Guests are always welcome at our station. Market Report The first cranberry market re- port for fresh fruit was released September 23 from the Agricultur- al Marketing News Service under the direction of John O'Neil, Bos- ton, Mass. This will be the fifth season that these weekly reports have been prepared for growers and shippers. The weekly reports include current information on movement of cranberries by rail and truck, price and terminal mar- ket conditions in the leading mar- kets in the United States. Anyone interested in this type of informa- tion may receive it by writing to John O'Neil, 408 Atlantic Avenue, Room 703, Boston, Mass., and re- questing that his name be added to the mailing list. Zineb Our quality control program at the station is in operation and in- volves a study of the effect of zineb on the shelf life of fresh fruit, as well as a means of reducing shrink- age of fruit held in storage. We have a small refrigerated rack and a dry rack at the station for con- ducting a portion of this work un- der what we call controlled condi- tions. Two retail stores in the Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three cranberry area are cooperating' with our study by permitting us to place cranberries receiv- ing various treatments in their stores wliere they are sampled at regular intervals. Results of our investigations will be presented to growers and shippers during the winter months. There are a few suggestions on late fall management that we would like to call to the growers' attention. This is an excellent time of year to fertilize thin areas on bogs in order to stimulate vine growth without encouraging the growth of annual weeds. Woody plants, such as hardback, meadow sweet, and bayberry should be pulled out after harvest, which will greatly improve the harvest oper- ation next season. This is a good time of year to drag a hook or potato digger around the shore ditches in order to pull out runners, small bramble, Virginia creeper, and morning glory which may be crossing the ditch from the shore to anchor themselves on the bog. Wherever water supplies are avail- able, growers are urged to flood their bogs after harvest in order to rid them of the harmful trash that accumulates each year and revive the vines after the rough picking operation. The float boat is ideal for this task. Statement required by the Act of August 24, 1912, as amended by the acts of March 3, 1933, and July 2, 1946 (Title 39, United States Code, Section 233) showing- the ownership, management, and circulation of CRANBERRIES, The National Cran- berry Magazine published monthly at Wareham, Massachusetts for October, 1958. 1. The name's and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are: Publisher — Clarence J. F. Hall, Ware- ham Mass. Editor — Clarence* J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. Managing editor — Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. Business manager — Clarence J. F. Hall. Wareham, Mass. 2. The owneV is: Clarence J. F. Hall, Wareham, Mass. 3. The known bondholders, mortga- gees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 perce'nt or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None. CLARENCE J. H. HALL. Sworn to and subscribed before me this .30th day of Septe'mber, 1958. (Seal) BARTLETT E. CUSHING, Notary Public. (My commission expires April 5, 1963) Four Britain Reopens Cranberry Imports Cranberries have found a re- newed market on grocery shelves in London, England after being absent from that country for 18 years. October 7, 250 cases of Ocean Spray fresh cranberries arrived in England from the A. D. Make- peace Company of Wareham and NCA spokesman Stanley D. Benson says the firm already has a repeat order. Benson said the European mar- ket might prove a stimulus to the cranberry industry. He noted that import restrictions placed on cran- berries in the past had made ex- portation to Britain impi'actical since World War II. However, a combination of lesser restrictions and a demand for the berries has made it possible to reopen the British market. Other outlets, he said, have opened in Belgium and Hamburg, Germany as shipments of berries have also been made to Saudi Arabia and Ireland. In all cases, fruit is shipped fresh, not canned. Benson said that an attempt will be made in Arabia to process fresh fruit into cranberry sauce prior to sale. Benson explained that it seemed more poultry is being consumed in Europe than ever before, open- ing the market for cranberries. Kickapoo Fertilizers Kickapoo Fertilizezrs, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, states it has the newest and most modern plant in Wisconsin in the heart of the cranberry growing area. There are also dealers in the various marsh locations. The company invites inquiries from Wisconsin cranberry growers as to any prob- lems which it might help solve. Kickapoo reports cranberry growers have become more and more interested in the quality of granulated or pelletized fertilizers as many call it. The company reports making great strides in granulating fertilizer in its year and a half of operation of the plant at Stevens Point, and has had a gratifying acceptance of its product. Kickapoo, a complete fertilizer service, bags, all grades, bulk, liquid, special grades, prei^iant and side dressing. READ CRANBERRIES C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNCT, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Issue of October 1958 - Vol. 23 No. 6 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, M«in St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.60 per year. Entered ai second-claiis matter January 26, 194S, at the poit-ofTice at Wareham, Massachusetti, under the Act of March t, IITI FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Rainfall Affain Excessive September ended with an excess of rain 4.78 inches as recorded at State Bog with the normal 3.56 inches. This makes the 7th month of a heavy surplus of precipitation out of the 9 so far of 1958. Boston reported this as the rainiest year to date, on record. Temperatures Slightly Up Temperatures ran an excess of 8 degrees, with several very warm days, the 26th reaching a maxi- mum of 87 in the shade with extremely excessive humidity, as was the condition for several days around that period. There were also a number of beautiful, clear days, "shirt-sleeve" weather v^^hich did not prevail during July and August. Temperatures to October first for the year have been a minus 40. 60% Crop In October First September, with so much rain sized the berries. In spite of so much rainfall, many mornings of late heavy dew, it was considered by Dr. Cross that a fair estimate of the crop brought in by Octo- ber first would be about 60 percent. Machines pick much more rapidly than can be done with hand scoop- ing. At least 80% was machine harvested. With the exception of some small acreage all Early Blacks were in and Blacks this year will make up about 60 percent of Massachusetts production. As of October first it was estimated that harvest was not more than two days behind schedule in gen- eral, harvest having caught up from an estimated two weeks be- hind as harvest began. No Frost Loss Adding to the size of the crop was the fact there were no frost losses in September. The night of September 29 brought some low temperatures, down to the high 20's. No frost v^^arning was put out by Cranberry Station, but tele- phone calls were made to inland bogs, where temperatures were lower than in Plymouth and Barn- stable counties. There is an am- ple water supply for the remainder of the frost season. Sunshine Deficient To October first there had been a deficiency in sunshine of between 40 and 50 hours. This factor would indicate a decrease in the size of the crop of 1959, but barring other factors it would be one of better quality. "First Round" Shipments for the "first round" of supplying wholesale outlet's were completed about September 22. At that time warm weatheV over much of the country was slowing down demand at both the market and retail levels. Prices were reported as holding fairly good up to that time. OREGON Harvest Early Southwestern Oregon Cranberry groiwers have started harvest this season a few days earlier than their usual October 1 starting date. Several growers have start- ed bringing berries in to the Co- quille receiving station for pack- aging in order to fulfill the early first fruit market demands which, are said to be exceptionally good. Quality Good According to Bill Dufort, Coop manager, the fruit this year is of very high quality, but it is a little early to predict the production from the standpoint of quantity. Ray Bates made the comment that his berries this year are as good a quality as any he has ever pro- duced. Cape Cod Cranberry Co-operative, Inc. SALES OFFICE 367 MAIN ST. WAREHAM, MASS. Tels. 1588 and 970 ??v§ Over-Growth According' to some of the grow- ei's, there seems to be more over- growth than usual this year, v^^hich might be attributed to late rains, or to excessive fertilization; at any rate, the growlers with bogs in this condition have a tougher pick- ing problem. Cranberry Festival The people of Bandon are all agog over the 1958 Bandon Cran- berry Festival, October 10-12. Var- ious clubs and organizations are sponsoring their favorite beauty in a contest for "Queen of the Cranberry Festival." WASHINGTON Long Beach Area Cranberry harvest started dur- ing the last week of September. Guido Funke, Ilwaco was the first to start on his Early Blacks. Sev- eral growers appear to have g-ood yields, these are the growers wh.o were not hurt by May 12 freeze. E .C. Chabot, Long Beach, probab- ly will have the largest crop he ever had. Chester Mattson has completed his first harvest on his young bog. The production was about 132 barrels per acre. A number of other growers are run- ning low because of the freeze. Grayland Grayland reports that while the quality is fairly good, production is down considerably from last year. This, too, is due to the freeze. More deformed berries are showing up on some bogs than in previous years. Weather Weather has lent itself well to harvesting this fall, although some g-rowers in the Long Beach area are a little short of water to flood with. There were no frosts to October 3. The minimum tem- perature during September was 37 degrees with a maximum of 91 degrees. Sprinkler systems were used for heat control on Septem- ber 6 and 7, with a maximum of 91 and 87 degrees respectively. The minimum relative humidity was 50 percent on September 4, 6 and 30, which is a little below normal. Berry Color The color of berries is not great- ly different than last season. Some of the berries which have been taken from the heavier vines are a little light in color. NEW JERSEY Rain Fall Under September was the first month on the dry side in this year's grow- ing season since June. Practically no rain fell during the first 17 days, which very much favored the cranberry harvesting. The total rainfall for September was 3.02 inches as compared with the norm- al of 3.62 inches. Ripening, Harvesting Favored Many cool nights in September also favored the ripening and harv- esting of cranberries, especially since there were no serious frosts. The average temperature for the month was 65.4° as compared to the normal of 67.5°. 2 Insects Reduced The wet summer had the unde- sirable effect of stimulating ex- cessive runner growth during Aug- ust. On the other hand, the wet weather may have been a blessing in reducing a very severe Spar- ganothis infestation that started in June, with the result that Spar- ganothis is not a serious matter now at the time of harvest. Some good dusting on the part of cer- tain growers was also helpful. WISCONSIN Weather September was slightly below normal in temperature and pi-e- cipitation was again above aver- age in the north and continued be- low normal in the south. This is a continuation of the same weather pattern for the growing areas for the entire season. Warmest day was the 14th when the mercury rose to 85 degrees and coldest on the 30th when eighteen degrees was registered in Cranmoor. The month was marked with, several cold freezing nights and very few warm days, consequently the weather was not advantageous to good ber- ry development. Average rainfall for the state is now above normal in the north, five inches below nor- mal in the south. Ground water levels are from one to one half feet below normal. Small Berries Early raking showed small ber- ries reducing the crop yields. As many as 30 percent pies were coun- ted in some areas as compared to and average seven to ten percent. Small berry size was especially ev- ident in the northern marshes. Color was very good the last of the month and quality appeared above average. Late varieties were col- oring slowly due to late blooming (Continued On Page 16) R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agsnt For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Frosts And Cranberries In Wisconsin Most Critical Period For Grower, September Into October. by Dr. George L. Peltier, Consultant Indian Trail, Inc. Fortunately the long continuous cold winters in Wisconsin are an asset to the successful over-wintering of vines, if they are well protected in local areas, no losses from winter killing, desiccation (physiological drought), and oxygen deficiency, occur. In general such losses are much less frequent and severe, than in other states. For the mos\, part, they can be considered of a minor nature within localized areas. The widely scattered bogs throughout the northern half of the st^ate may contribute to the fact, that winter damages are slight and localized. Ordinarily, the winter flood is sufficiently to damage the floral removed the latter half of April (somewhat later in the North) and the beds are exposed to the prevailing weather until most of the frost in the soil disappears, and growth processes of the vines has started. This usually occurs, depending on a number of inter- related factors, about the 10th to the 15th of May. After growth has started, the expanding buds must be protected against spring frosts by flooding. These frosts vary in numbers and intensities from year to year. Weather Digest A digest of the weather records for 27 years (1931-57) obtained in the Cranmoor area, show that an average of 8.2 frosts can be expected during May. The range runs from one to as high as 15 for the month. The number of light frosts averaged 7.1, heavy frosts 1.6, (8 years, none) and tempera- tures below 20° F occurred in 11 out of the 27 years. The major- ity of these temperatures occurred before mid-May, at which time vine growth has started. This is the most crucial period for the grower. Reflowing usually begins about May 10, although, in certain years (1957) reflows are put on early in May. Too, temperatures of below 20° do occur as late as the 26th of the Month. During some years (12 out of 27) a succession of cold nights, from 4 to as high as 11 prevail. The usual custom under these con- ditions, is to keep a flood on until the danger of frost is past. Ap- parently when expanding buds are subjected to submersion in water for some duration, it is inevitable that they become water soaked structures, resulting in pollen sterility and perhaps, other parts of the young developing flowers. Of course, if the buds are not fully protected, temperatures of 25° or below, can injure the new growth. May Frost Important Thus in normal years, with pro- per flooding procedures. May frosts cause very little damage. When a series of cold nights oc- cur and flood waters remain on for extended periods, an unknown amount of injury can and does oc- cur in certain years. Unfortun- ately no physiological studies have been made to determine, first the critical temperatures causing in- jury and secondly, the full effects of extended periods of complete submersion of the growing buds, and particularily, the damage to the pollen and other floral struc- tures. It is my opinion that loss- es from these conditions is of more importance than is generally rea- lized by the grower. My obser- vations point to the fact, that where sufficient water reserves are at hand, it is much better to flood nightly, than to hold water on the beds for periods of a week or longer, especially when tem- peratures reach 70° or above dur- ing clear, sunny days. The sub- ject of reflowing needs consider- able study before the proper pro- cedures of water management at the critical period in mid-May is solved. In the period under study in only 3 years was June frost free. The number of frosts ranged from zero to as high as 9. Most of them prevailed during the first two weeks. No temperature below 20° was reported and in only 4 years did the temperature fall below 25°F. So far as my ob- sei'vations go, June frosts cause little or no loss, if the vines are nrotected. Summer Frosts Temperatures below 32° can oc- cur any time during July and Au- gust during certain years. No frosts were recorded in 15 of the 27 years in July. In only 2 sea- CORN PRODUCTS REFINING COMPANY Makers of REX Brand Corn Syrup for the Cranberry Industry ... and these fine grocery products for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO®syrup • LINIT®dry and liquid starches BOSCO®chocolate flavored syrup * NU'SOFT fabric softener rinse NIAGARA®instant starch • ARGO corn and gloss starches KASCO® dog food Sev^n sons was more than 1 frost re- ported. The lowest temperature in July was 27°. In August no frost occured in 11 out of 27 years, and in 7 years both July and Au- gust were frost free. Most of the frosts in August occur in the last half and range from none to as high as ten. In five years, temperatures of 25°, or lower oc- cured. Only in 2 years, did a succession of nightly frost pre- vail (1950: 4 days; 1934: 10 days). Summer frosts, while not unusual, must be watched by the grower, othei-wise, some damage can oc- cur and does if the berries are not protected by flooding (August 5, 1957). Fall Critical The most critical period for the grower is the protection of the crop from recurring frosts in September and on into October, until the harvest has been com- pleted. In the days of the hand rake, harvest was usually in full swing the first week in September and at times if water was short, harvest of poorly colored berries began in late August. Within recent years the tend- ency has been to wait until the berries were fairly well colored, thus delaying the harvest. Ma- chine raking is usually in full swing by the 20 97 'i-T ¥? I 51 52 53 5f l■— — «t^ Blla-^I^^^MMM^HM- ■* IS5UE OF OCTOBER 1958 VOL. 23 - NO. 6 ;;^^i»oHAiaui«8««,;«^ ^^ IS THE TIDE TURNING? LAST month w?. wrote "The Battle Is On," meaning that harvesting and market- ing of the 1958 crop and the disposal of remaining 1957 barrels was in progress. Now, it would seem we are at least win- ning a skirmish or two this year, and maybe the battle to check the decline in cranberry prices. NCA which is handling about 75 percent of the crop has closed the 1957 pool with an announced 35 percent increase in re- turns to growers. Checks are expected to go out in November to growers in an amount exceeding $10.00, of which amount $8.60 has already been paid. The 1956 pool paid $8.10 per barrel. An independent distributor in Wisconsin returned for its growers for last season a net return, money which growers could actually put in the bank, amounting to $10.47 a barrel. The market in mid-October seemed to be holding well for 1958 fresh fruit. Perhaps the upturn is really here, and the tide is turning. A PRIZE CRANBERRY RECIPE A HOUSEWIFE of Wareham, Massa- chusetts, the town popularly known as the world center of cranberry growing has achieved a new distinction for the cran- berry. Mrs. Elsie Fraher became one of the 100 finalists in the Pillsbury Flour national bake-off in New York City, with a cranberry tart recipe. We tasted one of her products. It was excellent. Many women throughout the country will read her recipe. A salute to Mrs. Fraher for adding to the sales poten- tial of fresh cranberries! FASTER HARVESTS THE picking machines are proving one thing, at least this Fall, This is, that they are much faster in getting the crop off than are hand scoopers. Harvest began late in many areas, particularly in Massa- chusetts, but it caught up fast. Given any kind of favorable weather future harvests will be completed in a much shorter time. This is progress due to mechanazation. '"^^""•^""^^""••^'"i^^iiii-^— ii*"-^— uit^^i M^— uu^^uii^^inf ^nw^— uii— im— — im^^iiii— ^iiu^i^iiii^^iiii— n»*-^tK#» CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL^Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey A PAPER manufacturer (cover stock) is now putting out "Cranberry Pink." We hope this will make printers think of cran- berries. Fifteen IRVING THE WISi[^l)N41N OROWERI [•r^sh Fron The FleSds (Continued From Page 6) and development. Hail Damage The marshes damaged by hail the first part of the month were busy salvaging what berries they could. Salvaged berries were be- ing shipped directly to the process- ors. It is now estimated that at least fifty percent of the berries will be un-salvageable. Without a doubt this past season has been the most damaging from hail in grow- ers' memory. Marshes that suff'er- ed frost damage in late August were trying to salvage some of the undamaged berries with consider- able diff"iculty. Buds from the frost areas are being checked to deter- mine if they were hurt by the frost. Picking Machines Weather for the most part was good during harvest with only one day lost in the southern marshes. An estimated one third of the crop was harvested by the end of the month. If the good weather pre- vails, harvest should be completed by the middle of October. Harvest time on most marshes is being cut down annually with the use of ad- ditional picking machines. Vine condition seems to improve annual- ly with the use of mechanical pickers and wiregrass stands are being cut down from the eff"ects of the pickers. A study of production records on those marshes which have used the pickers longest in Wisconsin show crops have increas- ed since pickers have been used, al- though not necessarily the results of the machines. Fall combing has now been virtually eliminated with the fine combing the machines are doing. LATE MASSACHUSEnS As of the first three weeks of October (21st), the crop was about 95 percent in. Several of the larger growers were still picking, but probably all smaller ones were through. Quality, as ber- ries came from the field, was con- sidered generally good. Frost losses were estimated by Cranbei'ry Experiment Station as 3,000 barrels, this mostly occur- ring on the night of the 5th. Warnings were sent out also on the 6th, 7th and 13th. This fall has proven to be not a bad frost season. There were also frosts on the 18th and 19th, but no gen- eral warnings were sent out in view of the few berries left on the vines. The month to the 21st had averaged just over two degrees a day colder than normal. There was, however, a sharp reversal in the rainfall pattern. There had been only .47 inch to the 21st, with precipitation for the month nor- mally 4.02. Reservoirs and other water supplies were well up and no trouble was being anticipated at that time for winter flooding. Many flooded for after-harvest trash cleanup and vine recovery. HUMAN FRAILTY At one time or another we are all convinced that the hardest way tomorrow. Subscribe to Cranberries Magazine k:«IIIHIIinillHilllH!'IIW!IIHiniHi!!!HllliB'lllB<;!2i "Aak The (J rower Who Belongs" INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Try Birdseye's Turkey Dinners which are nationally distribu- ted throughout the United States and be treated to a new taste i\iv\\\—''CRANSWEETS" Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Sixteen SIRVINi THE WISaONSIN r ■■iwryywi^y.^.t- j«M»fcfn^BB«aa«gi£iB INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Gktsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA ******* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHnELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! It is available for those who have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry THIS YEAR GIVE 0(^(iftS/^^/& NEW CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER Comes filled with . . . 2 pts. Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail 2 (16 oz.) cans and 2 (7 oz.) cans Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce, plus recipe booklet 18" long, 12" wide, 4" deep Handsome hardwood finish The most unique gift a grower can give Only ^S5 , Only ^3,95 ( If you pick " yours up at the plant , ORDER YOUR SUPPLY TODAY... GIVE A CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER TO ALL YOUR FRIENDS ...TREAT YOURSELF TO ONE, TOO! TO: Gift Dept. National Cranberry Association. Hanson, Mass. Please send me CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER(S) at $4.95 each. Enclosed Is- - (amount). Check □ Money Order □ Cash Q NAME STREET, CITY 20NL -STATE. (Checks should be made payable to National Cranberry Association. Hanson, Mass.) RVINC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :ape cod NEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA THE McLELLANS, Hanson, Massachusetts, Cranberries and the Sea. (Stor (CRANBERRIES 35 Cents NOVEMBER 1958 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Td. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middieport, New York New Ensland Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARR Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Com pa y Dupont Company American Cyanimid Compan,' ^ EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screcnhouses, Boss aacl Pumps Mmuu Satisfaction WAREHAM, MASS. TeL 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES ;<^roi^5^«)R- FIRE DESTROYS MASS. SCREENHOUSE, BERRIES Fire destroyed the screenhouse of the Goddard Cranberry Com- pany in the Manomet section of Plymouth, Massachusetts, the night of November 3. A passing motorist spotted the blaze, but the building was virtually leveled be- fore firefighters could make the long run from Plymouth. Ernest Goddard, son of Harri- son Goddard of the company, es- timated the loss at |13,000. There were 300 barrels in storage, loss approximately $3,000, and |10,000 in building and equipment. This was the second fire loss for the Goddard Company in five months, the first being at its Mid- dleboro warehouse, which was se- verely damaged earlier. Northern Wisconsin There will be approximately 50 acres planted in the Eagle River section of north-central Wiscon- sin. Thunder Lake (Vernon Golds- worthy) will put in 10 acres, Ralph Sampson 10 acres, Drever and Nelson 10 acres and Edward Queriy 20. There will also be spring planting at Manitowish Waters and some planting and ex- pansion in the Hayward area, northwestern Wisconsin. Early November had brought snow to the north region but not in very large amounts. isn't long for this world. Send A Copy To Your Friends . . . WITHOUT CHAUGE Plea persons To se sen liste'd d a free below: copy of CRANBERRIES Tn with my compliments to the 1 Address Address City Z . — State City _.__. „ Z State Sender Address ELECTRICITY Is your good "friend" any month in the year. It is an especially valuable aid in November, when the daylight hours are shortening and you are busy with your screening and shipping. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL. 1300 >giifl^iiil^iill^aiigi<)0- /yo- no- 160 ISO- 140- 130- IZO no I 00 90- go 70 60 SO HO 30 OREGON CRANBERRY CROP 1930 - 1957 A COMPARISON OF ACREAGE HARVESTED AND YIELD PER ACRE —^ Acreage Harvested ■•— Yield Per Acre » * t * A ' ■ ■ / ' ^ ' / \ f _/ ^•4 t / / / \; / \ / V \/ — I — I — I — I — I — \ — I — r~T — r ,J,3I 32 33 3¥ JS 36 37 38- 39 „ 1930 11 to \ — \ — \ — I — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — \ — I — \ — r^, 1 ti tz vj •*•*■ ts v6 t7 yy Vf ' Si S2 SS St- SS 56 5/ 19S0 ''Figures from the United States Department of Agriculture (ADV.) Thirteen NOVEMBER is turkey month. It is also at the Thanksgiving dinner that cranberries are most con- sumed. This has been so since the time of the Pilgrims. While it has not been proven that these colonists at Plymouth ate cranberries and turkey at the first Thanksgiving dinner this does not matter. Certainly for many, many generations tur- key and cranberries have been traditional Thanks- giving dishes. A salute to this noble bird in Novem- ber. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Foiirtoen «Hrirrilil H»— l»ni lUri •iM^WMaiilla r MTfc iffigF •- ^- -— — JgB^^fH^^BB— ^nn-^nii— ^Md^^nri^^'iH-^iiii. ISSUE OF NOVEMBER 1958 VOL. 23 - NO. 7 ^^^l«HALC««8a«.«,^ >lt|i.^»llr> — TIDE TURNED— WE DON'T KNOW YET "IS THE TIDE TURNING?" we wrote as an editorial last month. We meant, of course, is the cranberry depression over. Now, in mid-November it does seem that cranberry matters are definitely look- ing up. Prices have been held steadier by the majority of shippers. This in spite of the fact that the U. S. crop has not de- creased in latest USDA estimate. The industry may be working iis wa/ out of its problems fairly well, and cer- tainly the prices of fresh and canned sauce as a whole have been more stabilized this year than in a number of years and grow- ers probably will get returns which will be considerably higher. It may be that growers from now on can look for better prices. It seems there is an entirely different and better situation developing in the cran- berry industry. We hear murmers of en- couragement from many. There is no jubil- ?nce as yet — growers have had false en- thusiasm for too many years to be unduly optimistic. Thanksgiving is the m.ajor market of the year, with NCA handling abort 50 percent of the fresh crop. If prices can be made to hold up during this buying per- iod Novembei will be a true Thanksgiving month for the growers. Ending of fresh market is now a rather nip and tuck race. 'CRANBERRIES IN NORTH AMERICA" ONCE AGAIN we call attention to the series of articles "Cranberries in North America," by F. B. Chandler. We believe this to be a remarkably concise study into which has gone an immense amount of re- search. There are over-all facts which have never been brought out before in a single series. Most growers probably knew that more Early Blacks were being planted than Howes. Many probably did not know the extent to which berries known simply as "Natives," were formerly grown and sent to the market. Probably very few growers knew before the article in this issue that the most prolific producers in North Ameri- ca at present are the Searles, originating in Wisconsin and the McFarlins, origina- ting in Massachusetts. CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL^-Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, |4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey (For any who missed and desire the first of the series, September issue, there is a limited number of back copies available.) Fiftefen IRVINC! IH fIN frtPiltl O^IESON INDUSTRY (Continued From Page 12) creased acreage by 1960, which, is expected to bring Oregon up to Washington. Most of this will be an expansion of present holdings as Oregon growers join Jack Dean and other prominent growers to make cranberries a full-time busi- ness. Source: "A Survey of Oregon's Cranberry Industry," April 1957 by F. B. Chandler. Berry Estimate Rises Again November United States De- partment of Agriculture report issued yesterday shows a still in- creased cranberry crop. Prelim- inary estimate was for 1,076,500 barrels for the United States; estimate is now 1,127,000. The fig- ure for 1957 was 1,050,000 and the five year average was 953,250. In this latest estimate, Massa- chusetts has gone from 570,000 original to 610,000. Massachusetts average is 550,000. New Jersey has remained the same with the original estimate of 88,000. Wisconsin has increased to 340,000 (same as October esti- mate) from the original 335,000. Washington has gone up from 49,500 to 58,000. Oregon is the only state which has gone down with an original estimate of 34,000 to 31,000, but this is much higher than the five year average of 22,790. In Massachusetts this year the crop in Barnstable County, or Cape Cod proper was up over last year and previous seasons adding to the increase. NEW SCREENING SET-UP Charles Nelson, Nahcotta, Wash- ington, had a couple of Grayland folks build him a screening set-up for this fall. He dumped into a shaker-viner equipped with a strong blower. This eliminated vines and leaves. From there the berries climb by elevators to a large storage hopper which feeds into the separator. From the separator the berries go by elevator into a sacking hopper. His operation is a three-man one. Charlie picks steadily while the Sixteen vinss are dry. A neighbor, Joe Rc'we, transports the berries from this field, screens berries and filhs sacks. His wife does the sortinp;. Hoppers eliminate the necessity of having a person on the job continually. It appears to be a system which makes very efficient use of space. His berries go into a side door and an "L" and end up right at a loading point on tvie end of the building. ("The Cranberry Vine," South Bend, V/ashington.) Late Massachusetts The first thirteen days of Nov- ember were nearly normal in tem- perature, but this was due mostly to a warm Nov. 12th., otherwise month was running chilly. Tem- peratures to the 13th were minus 12. Rainfall to that date as meas- ured at State Bog was 1.73 inches, with the average for the month 3.46, so first half was about noi*- mal. Sunshine factor for October was a plus 20, which while not too im- portant in size of crop of 1959 will add to the under-normal amount for the year as a whole to date. NoAember sunshine is an important factor in size of crop for succeeding year. One or two growers still had not completed harvest to the 13th. Subscribe to Cranberries iiiiiBiiiin.iij B SI 5.. m la-.iB .■ rHilllB:ii!g ^^^^' \\ "A si* 1 The 1 r/ n t (; rower B //I // \ \ Wh(. 1 I r 1 Belongs" INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 1 262 W. Grand Ave. | Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 1 1 Try Birdseye's Turkey Dinners which are nationally distribu- ted throughout the United States and be treated to a new taste thv\\\—*T'RANSWEETS" Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN SERVIN6 THE WISCONSIN 6R0 INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Mr. Grower ! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed t'wo decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS StdVMs Point CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFKLD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! It is available for those who have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry THIS YEAR GIVE OceoftSp/ta^h NEW CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER ^#*^' Postage Included Only ^^.95 Only ^3,9S cs-Z) ORDER YOUR SUPPLY TODAY... GIVE A CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER TO ALL YOUR FRIENDS ...TREAT YOURSELF TO ONE, TOO! Comes filled with . . . 2 pts. Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail 2 (16 oz.) cans and 2 (7 oz.) cans Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce, plus recipe booklet 18" long, 12" wide, 4" deep Handsome hardwood finish The most unique gift a grower can give TO: Gift Dept. National Cranberry Association. Hanson, Mass. Please send me CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER(S) at $4.95 eanh. Fnnlosfid is (amniint) Check n Money Order [_] Cash Q N AMF STPFFT niTY 7nNF RTATF 1 (Checks should be made payable to National Cranberry Association. Hanson. Mass.) ^YIINVj M ^ZU,UUU,UUU AN T CMI^ 11^1/ W^ I IM ^^l\OHAL cmmRYMAGAZltfB APE COD HEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA P^Ithag %ttdm^\ Jis;^^jj^ %//y QR r. nPrPURFD 10RQ •:^;yH¥iai'- ""-■*■ DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS| Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation ' MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middieport, New York New Enifland Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-23(;:) Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans The » CHARLES W. HARRIS^ Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from iCal. Spray Chemical Company S Dupont Company ■i American Cyanimid Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouscs. Boss and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. «26 Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES REA CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKING Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness v3' N PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. British Columbia Growers Organize still another cranberry assocfe.- tion has been formed, this being the British Columbia Cranberry Growers' Association. It held its second monthly meeting in Novem- ber and has a dozen members. President is Joseph Dawson; vice-president, Hines Kennelle; secretary-treasurer, Mrs. Phyllis Muir. Executive committee con- sists of the tt^ree officers and Norman V. Holmes. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® »yrup$ • BOSCO® chocolate flavored syrup NfAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog food NUSOFT* fabric softener rinse • ARGO® corn and gloss starches TELL YOUR NEIGHBOR ABOUT CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxei — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mats. W^^^^^^^^^^^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^mmmm^^m^m^mmmmm^^^^^^mBK^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CANNED FOODS GO TO PRESS Every month for over five years, canned foods have been making headlines ... in the fast-reading, tabloid- sized newspaper called the MERCHANDISER DIGEST, published by Continental Can Company as a marketing service to the industry. With a mailing list well over 100,000, this monthly news sheet gives grocers a constant flow of new mer- chandising ideas, all geared to selling more canned foods. CONTINENTAL CAN COMPANY 100 EAST 42ND STREET. NEW YORK 17, N. Y. One Norman Holmes Visits East Norman V. Holmes, New West- minster, Bi'itish Columbia, former- ly of Carver, Massachusetts and now growing- cranberries at Lulu Island, Vancouver with "Fritz" Shaw and James Thomas also formerly of Carver was a visitoi- in Massachusetts in mid-Novembci-. He has recently been named a director of Ocean Spray of Canada, Limited, a subsiduary of National Cranberry Association and was at the meetings of directors of both cooperations at Boston November' 20, and 2L Holmes says interest in both cranberries and blueberries is in- creasing in Vancouver Island (Lulu Island) and new acreage is going in. He flew east from Seattle in a trifle under seven hours. While East he shot two deer in Maine and had recently shot a moose in British Columbia. He continues to be pleased with living conditions and cranberry production in the Vancouver region. DR. CHANDLER PREPARING BULLETIN Dr. F. B. Chandler, Mass. Cran- berry Experiment Station has nearly completed a bulletin to be called "Cranberry Varieties of North America". It will be sub- mitted to the University of Mass- achusetts for publication. This, as the title indicates is a long and comprehensive study of varieties, well known and lesser known, and their characteristics. NATIONAL FARM lOAN of Taunton FARMERS' PRODUafON CREDIT ASSOCIATION of Taunton Tel. VAndyke 4-7578 For The BEST In Farm Financing mm ^ COOPERATIVE FARM-CRKUIT C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHMH, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING RAKING aofiioery Safes PRUNERS RAKES FERTILIZING WEED TRIMMING POWER WHEELBARROWS WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carvtr, Masi. Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Editor's Note — The following article entitled CRANBERRIES was prepared by the writer of this column for the Outlook Ed- ition of Farm Economic Facts which will be published by the University of Massachusetts in early January. Since very few growers receive the above publi- cation and may be interested in the viewpoints expressed, it is pre- sented below for their considera- tion: The 1958 Crop Weatherwise, Mass. cranberry growers experienced another of the extremes so often associated with New England. In place of hurri- canes and drought, this season broke all existing records for rainfall. A total of 54.62 inches of rain has been measured at the Cranberry Experiment Station from January through October, which already exceeds the yearly average of 44.31 inches by over 10 inches. The number of frost wamings released during the spring and fall months were sub- stantially above normal. However, ample water supplies were avail- able to protect the bogs by flooding so that frost damage was negli- gible. In spite of these unfavorable conditions, Massachusetts grow- ers have equalled their second crop in history, exceeded only by the record production of 1953. The New England Crop Reporting ' Service estimated in November that the Massachusetts cranberry crop was 610,000 barrels, which is 8 percent greater than the 563,- 000 barrels harvested in 1957, and 11 percent above the 10-year aver- age of 550,500 barrels. "Weather conditions retarded coloring of the berries and delayed the start of the harvest and initial fresh fruit shipments by approximately two weeks. Berries were above aver- age in size and the general keep- ing quality by mid-November ex- ceeded expectations. Trends and Outlook Acreage The cranberry acreage in Massa- chusetts reached its peak in 1948 and 1949 wTien approximately 15,000 acres of bog were being cultivated in the state. Since that time the commercial acreage has gradually decreased to 13,000 acres according to the latest U.S.D.A. figures. It is interesting to note that this is the smallest acreage reported since 1905. The down- ward trend in acreage is ex- pected to continue at a declining rate as marginal bogs are grad- ually abandoned during this pei-iod of economic adjustment. Size of Bog Holdings The number of bog holdings or ownerships has declined steadily from a peak of 2,148 in 1924 to 962 in 1956. The average size of holdings, on the other hand, lias increased steadily from ' 6.5 acres '■ in 1924 to 13.7 acres in 1956. The trend to larger ownerships is con- sistent with other agricultural en- terprises within the state and country. Production Cranberry production in the state has increased slowly but steadily in spite of a decrease in acreage. Production in 1905 from 13,000 acres of bog was 165,000 barrels, or an average of 12.7 barrels per acre. In 1958, the estimated Mass- achusetts crop is 610,000 from es- sentially the same acreage, or an average of 46.9 barrels per acre. Production of 605,000 barrels or more was realized for the first time in 1948 when a crop of 605,- 000 barrels was harvested. During the last 10 years this figure has been exceeded in 1950 with a crop of 610,000 barrels, a record of 690,000 barrels in 1953, and the present crop of 610,000 barrels. The upward trend in production Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three is (expected to continue if re- turns to growers show a reason- able improvement. Labor Adequate supplies of seasonal as well as full-time workers con- tinue to be a problem. Puerto Ricans are imported each season to help supplement the local har- vest labor supplies. Industries with hig-her wage scales are at- tracting many key workers from the bogs. The major alternative is greater mechanization of the en- tire industry as a means of re- ducing the tremendous amount of hand labor involved in the product- ion, screening, packaging and pro- cessing of cranberries. Definite progress has been realized in this area as evidenced by the increased use of low-gallonage ground spray rigs operated by one man, aerial applications of fertilizer and pesti- cide concentrates, increased use of picking machines, installation of new automatic packing and pro- cessing equipment, and the efforts of a full-time agricultural engin- eer who has recently completed his first year of work at the Cran- berry Experiment Station. Marketing There is general agreement that the key to the problem of correcting the industry's economic position rests in the field of mar- keting. The returns to growers for a number of years have been discouragingly low; in fact, be- low the cost of production in many instances, due primarily to burdensome surpluses in freezers. Corrective steps, however, are be- ing taken to reduce these inven- tories which are now at manage- able levels. Aggressive market- ing, merchandising and promo- tional programs have been devel- oped and ai-e now in operation to move a greater volume of cranberries. Special emphasis has been devoted to the increased con- sumption of a new vitamin C- enriched cranben-y juice. Rigid quality control programs have been developed and are in opera- tion for both fresh and processed outlets. As a result of these prog*.•; % Yield Per Acre 13.5 I^... ■.it" 130 12.3 f::^^ V.S.. 118 7.5 ■:fi.*; ■ "^"M: 72 13.7 „ . - — ^l" ' 132 7.1 68 8.7 84 7.9 76 19.0 183 7.0 67 10.4 100 11.0 106 10.0 96 12.2 117 8.1 78 7.8 75 6.4 62 13.1 126 10.5 101 8.8 85 8.9 86 14.7 141 11.7 112 17.9 172 22.4 21B 20.7 199 25.0 240 24.3 234 27.5 264 ^Figures from the United States Department of Agriculture 300 290 2^0 770 260 250 2H0 230 220 210 200 190 UO no 160 JSO- 120 no- 100 90 FO 70 io- HO 30 NEW JERSEY CRANBERRY CROP 1930 - 1957 A COMPARISON OF ACREAGE HARVESTED AND YIELD PER ACRE Acreage Harvested Yield Per Acre /f30 ^Figures from the United States Department of Agriculture 56 57 (ADV.) BEAHIE (Continued from page 4) crop on record. It appears rea- sonable that the chief factor be- hind this large crop was the ex- cessive sunshine of the '57 grow- ing season. Late-water bogs did particularly well in 1958, and even those bogs that were sanded in the spring of 1958 produced unusual crops. It would appear that the reserves of plant food built up by the abundant sunshine of '57 carried the vines through a rigorous winter, counterbalanced any harmful effects of the spring- time late-holdings, and were still capable of nourishing the develop- ment of our second-largest crop. 1959 Prospect What is the prospect for '59? We have had a dark, wet grow- ing season in comparison with that of last year. The sunshine of 1958 is about 500 hours less than that of the year before, and presumably the reserves of plant food in cranberry vines are pro- portionately lower. This would indicate that the potential crop for 1959 is decidedly down. It means, too, that if these reserves are tapped to supply oxygen dur- ing the period of winter flooding or during April and May late- holding of 1959, that the crop of 1959 will be reduced even furth- er. In other words, the writer feels it is especially importan': this winter to expose the cran- berry \nnes whenever they do not need flood protection against win- terkilling. Furthermore, he feel"-. that late-water bogs in 1959 will be especially likely to produce light crops. There is one bright spot in this picture, despite the cold of early December. Dr. Franklin stoutly maintained that when both April and November are warm, the fol- lowing winter is likely to be open. Both April and November, 1958, were decidedly warmer than nor- mal, and according to "Doc" we should be looking forward to an open winter. If this should hap- pen, we can take heart that such great crops as those of 1933, 1937, and especially that of 195:, were produced after open winte::: f B'^m Model 8601 ,..:.J FROST CONTROL 'fffer^ Now, protect your crops from frost damage with Buckner's great new Frost Control Rainer, the first top aualiry sprinkler designed specifically to combat frost damage, give you full crop profits. Small nozzles cover extra large diameters, up to 120 feet, with a fin» curtain of water. This new Frost Control Rainer has Buckner's famous GDG Bearing*, the only bearing with three washers at both top and bottom of bearing for extra protection from sand/ longer sprinkler life and positive rotation. •Pol. Pen<^. Buy ^^mm ^ SPRINKLERS DISTRIBUTED BY 1121 Washington Street West Newfon 65, Mass. BI. 4-7900 DEALER ENQUIRIES INVITED Fourteen ■'■■— >■ III IM ■■!■ ■ l»i^M« ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1958 VOL. 23 - NO. 8 ■■ ■■■■! ■■ ■!! -nn '- " "- " ""- -iin-— ■an^^nn-^^nn— REASON FOR A "MERRY CHRISTMAS" IN OUR October issue there was an editorial saying a skirmish in the battle to sell cranberries at a fair price had been won — in November we wrote "Is the Tide Turning?" Really what we said or thought ■is of no vital importance. But it is import- ant that now, in December, the cran- berry industry has started to come back as a successful business. That is not simply our own opinion, but that of many others. We hear it from all sides, from growers, from distributors. This has been a year of a much more stabilized market. NCA, handling about 50 percent of the fresh fruit crop, has consistently held its price, as have inde- pendents to a great degree. In most recent years everybody has been at times, slashing prices. The trade, which is a mighty factor in successful marketing may again feel that cranberries are a commodity worth handling — in a stabilized market. With confidence restored, future marketing should be successful. It should be remembered this was ac- complished with the second largest crop on record. It now seems likely that growers can move with more confidence, since there will again be money in the pocket. Bogs can be rebuilt from the state of forced neglect too many are in — long-wanted equipment bought, which will further in- crease efficency. We join in wishing Cranberry Grow- ers a joyous Christmas, the merriest finan- cially and in hope, of recent years. INSTITUTE ARTICLES WE SHOULD call attention to the articles currently running, prepared by the Cranberry Institute, this month concern- ing New Jersey. This series, like that of Dr. Chandler on "Cranberries In North America," is factual, instructive and well worth studying. We cannot know too much about the over-all of our industry. To really know the facts from all areas helps us to become better growers and with more knowledge of what to expect from future markets. While speaking of the Institute, we would put in a heart-felt plug for its sup- iB^— nii^— nn— n/—^iiB«^— fg^^ili— M^— ■■— •«— nB-^-«it^— Bii— an^— nu— iiii^— nn— ■■— n«J» CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL^ Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey port. This is the single unit which can speak for the entire body of cranberry growers. It can be of value to every grow- er in a multitude of ways. Fifteen (Continued from Page 6) week in November. Jim Olsen is cooperating with Extension Serv- ice in releasing a part of one of his hogs for this use. WISCONSIN November Hot, Cold November was a month of ex- tremes in temperature in the state. The first three weeks of the month brouht readings ten to fifteen de- gi-ees above normal, while the last week found temperatures zooming to fifteen to twenty degrees be- low normal. Strong persistent winds accompanied the frigid tem- peratures. This was the first out- break of Artie air to spread over the state since last February. Be- low zero readings were register- ed the last three days of the month, with a minus fifteen in the north on the night of Nev. 19th. The last time below zero was register- ed was on Feb. 19 when minus 8 degrees was recorded. The below zero reading on the 27th marked the 14th such read- ing since the beginning of the year. Negative readings were recorded nine times in February and four times in January. High reading for the month was 62 degrees on the 14th. In all the temperatures for the month averaged normal and precipitation was near normal. Rain on the 17th brought over one inch in some areas. The year to December 1st has been minus 175 degrees of normal and minus 2.87 inches of precipitation. Ground water levels remain minus 1.80 feet of normal. The out- look for December is for below normal in temperature and from normal to above normal in pre- cipitation. Averages for Decem- ber are nineteen degrees and 1.15 inches. Prices Holding Berries moved rapidly for Thanksgiving, with an estimated fifteen percent of the states crop left to ship as of December one. Fresh berry prices were reported holding favorably for the holiday .Sixteen season. Some Searles berries were on hand the end of the month with most of the tonnage in ware- houses being McFarlins and Howes. Winter Flood Early With the quick drop in tem- peratures the last of the month growers quickly flooded up their young plantings and water was also put on producing beds. Frost was reported in the depth of four inches by Nov. 29th and ice quick- ly formed to the depth of five inches by the first of December. This was one of the earliest dates in recent years for putting on the winter flood. All marshes reported sufficient water sup- plies for winter flooding. Sanding One-Third Acreage Most growers were planning on doing some sanding this winter. An estimated one third of the states total acreage is expected to be sanded this winter. Consid- erable sand is also planned for dams, dykes and roads. This large amount of work is a reflection of better price returns on the 1957 crop and expected good returns on the 1958 crop. The winter meeting of the Wit State Cranberry Growers As3r is tentatively set for Januar 16th at Wisconsin Rapids. Geo. Bennett George Bennett, 78, long tim' grower at Watermill, near Tomah passed away suddenly Novenb her 26th. I!lll^ •*A«V Th« Grower Who Relontfa" I INDIAN TRAIL Inc I 262 W. Grand Avt. I Wisconsin Rapids, Wisctntlii CONGRATULATIONS to NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSCX:iATION; iiT sfafcli^imgr the fresh and processed cranberry mar* ket nationally. Ac competitors in both the fresh and processed field, we believe we may be a better judge than many grow- ers of the stabilizing influence National Cranberry Association had on the market this year, which means higher prices to ALL growers, whether they are mem- bers of National, or not. We predict the cranberry industry will see good prices in 1959 and all growers can look to the future with optimism. Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN •■■•P* SERVINg THE WISCONSIN GROWERS FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture €rop4aver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN THE ONLY FERTILIZER . FACTORY LOCATED IN THE ; WISCONSIN CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHRELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 r^OAMRPTDRV ARPA DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G^tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BETTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL ******* 1^ KICKAPOO ' FERTILIZERS Stevens Point THIS SPACE IS G It is available for those \ message to the Wisconsin Oirr TO WASTE! vho have an advertising [ndustry Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION holds the key for selling faster, better Large-scale advertising of new "Natural Mate for Every Meat" campaign builds year-round consumption Every year cranberry crops continue to increase and NCA members continue to sell their total yield — thanks to efTective consumer advertising. In the years ahead crops are expected to get even bigger and bigger. This means more people have got to eat more cranberries more often. And NCA pledges itself to seeing that they do! NCA's biggest tool is advertising under the Ocean Spray brand. And right now we are in the process of educating consumers to eat cranberries and cranberry products, not only with chicken and turkey around the holidays, but all year long with every kind of meat. Also we're constantly experimenting with the development of new products.. All of this means that no matter how biiz an NCA member's crop, he's assured of selling it to best advantage. The future looks great for NCA... and it's great to be part of a great future NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION Hanson, Mass. • Tel. Bryantville-CYpress 3-6311 n II ■rtlllB RVING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY :ape coo new jersey wisconsin OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA WliMEK of 1958-59 is so far an icy, bitter one in Massachusetts. VVeweantic River, Wareham, a number of bogs being flowed from uppe this river. (CRANBER 35 Cents JANUARY 'yi^^aimm'--^''''^' DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS' Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Td. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New BncUfid PUnt Mid WarahoiM* Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Wekome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 FALMOUTH 80 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Oranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. i The iCEiARLES W. HARRIS I Company I 26 Somerset Ave 1 North Dighton, Mass. I AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from ;al. Spray Chemical Company B Dupont Company _ H .Vmeiican Cyanimid CompanyS EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHGUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boca and Pumps Ma«ns Satis factiea WAREHAM. MASS. T«L ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES Great Research Worker Retires, Henry F. Bain of Wisconsin Henry F. Bain was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, and received an A. B. degree from the Univer- sity in that state and an M. S. degree from Brown University. He served in the army, following' which he was an inspector for the United States Department of Agri- culture, His cranberry career began in 1922 on the west coast where he worked on the bogs in Northern Oregon and Washington. After spending four years on the coast, he went to Wisconsin as a cran- berry specialist for the State De- partment of Agriculture. In 1928, he became senior pathologist with the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, working in Beltsville and New Jersey on MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation cranberry breeding. In 1944, he returned to Wisconsin as techni- cal consultant to some cranberry producers. He is now retiring from active duty to do some of the things he has wanted to do for many years. During Mr. Bain's studies of cranberries he was author or senior author of two U. S. D. A. bulletins, junior author of a num- ber of others, author of three Wisconsin bulletins, and published a large number of articles in Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers Association, American Cranberry Growers Association, Journal of Agricultural Research, Botanical Gazette, and American Journal of Botany. Mr. Bain's researches covered a large number of fields. Besides pathology, his major fiield, he had many publications on blossoming and fruiting. These included tem- perature studies, weather observa- tions (particularly winter condi- tions), and studies of cranberry uprights. While he was not trained as an entomologist, he made many observations on insects and wrote a bulletin on their control in cran- berry bogs. He made many cran- berry crosses and produced some of the new seedlings. He studied mycorrhiza and advantitious shoots. He wrote a bulletin on the harvesting and handling of cran- berries, wrote on water harvesting, and probably published the first article on storage losses. STARTING 1959 ! And the time is here to review the past and make plans for the future. RESOLVE, that ELECTRICITY shall play a larger part — in your cranberry work and in your home. Plymouth Counfy Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL 1300 Mr. Bain has published some very valuable surveys of early in- formation; namely, "Cranberry Culture in the Pacific Northwest," 1926, "Cranberry Insect Survey and Control," 1927, and "Cran- berry Industry in Wisconsin," 1929. These contributions have been in addition to those in botany and pathology, the field in which he was particularly trained and in which he has done much work. The late L. M. Rogers, a noted cranberries researcher said of Mr. Bain: "He is one of the very few scientific men who have a good practical knowledge of cranberry culture, and I want to congratu- late the Wisonsin Department of Agriculture in being able to retain him here while working on cran- berry problems." Mr. Rogers, al- though . originally of Massachu- setts, also did work in Wisconsin. For these many contributions, Mr. Bain, the cranberry growers, fellow research workers and other friends, thank you and wish you a very happy retirement. — A Friend NCA Employees Get Week's Pay Bonus NCA has announced in "The Scoop" that, in appreciation of extra effort of employees in bring- ing tbe 1957 pool above expecta- tion, Board of Directors voted a sum not to exceed three cents per barrel to all year-around employees who have been in National at least six months, with the exception of the General Manager, to be distrib- uted in accordance with a plan de- vised by Mr. Stevens. The extra compensataion amounted to about one week's salary. It was announced this was not to set a precedent. CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your br»ktn boxes — or repair thsm yourself. Stock Always on HaiMi F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3380 North Carver, Mast. One MASSACHUSETTS CLUBS MEETINGS SCHEDULES Massachusetts cranberry clubs winter meetings are scheduled as follows: January 13, with supper at 6 p. m., meeting- at7, with speakers Ambrose E. Stevens, general man- ager and executive vice president of National and H. Drew Flegal, director of advertising and public lalations, plus Dr. C. E. Cross, di- rector of Massachusetts Cranberry Station. This will be at "Wimp- les", Osterville, rather than Bri.ce Hall, as probably will all the Meetings of this group. Same Lours v/ill prevail. Lower Cape, at the East Ilaiwich Church, the 14th. Same program. January 20t, Southeastern Club, Rochester Grange Hall, 2 p. m., followed by supper, as is the custom. Same evening, South Shore at Reed Community Hall, Kingston, same program begin- ning at 7, with no supper as is the custom. February 10, Upper Cape and Lower Cape; Feb. 11. South Shore Feb. 17; Southeastern Feb. 18. Same hours, same places March 10 and 11, Upper and Cape; March 10 and 11 for Upper and Lower respectively. March 17, South Shore and Southeastern March 18. Same places, same hours. These dates happen to be the same as in February. SUDSCi^^OE Y0 CRANBERRIES NATIONAt FARM r.;.. of Taunton FARMERS' P!^ODUCTie^^ CREDIT ASSOCIATiOF^ of Taunton TeL VAndyke 4-7578 For The BEST In Farm Financing JiFU CO-.iPfRATIVE FARMCRhUi^ C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING RAKING achinery Safes PRUNERS RAKES FERTILIZING WEED TRIMMING POWER WHEELBARROWS WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further informatiosi Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C. LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT B^YDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist h Two Decembers The contrast in weather patterns for December 1958 compared with December a year ago is rather startling. For example, tempera- tures averaged 6.3° per day below normal this past December com pared with a balmy 7.4° per day labove normal enjoyed in Decem- ber 1957. The lowest temperature recorded at the cranberry Experi- ment Station was 9° below zero this past month compared to a 15° above zero a year ago. Rain- fall was well below the normal of 3.90 inches with only 1.98 inches iieasured at our station, compared rt'ith 6.26 inches for December 1957. Incidentally, the total rain- fall for 1958 was 59.98 inches, the 58cond wettest season in our his- :ory, exceeded only by the record ?stablished in 1953 of 63.22 in- I'hes. Winterkill? Winter killing conditions, as we jnderstand them, certainly existed lanuary 5-7. Near zero tempera- :iires and gale winds were experi- enced during this period, and with a substantial depth of frost in the around — 6 inches on the State Bog — it will be surprising if there :sn't some damage to exposed jogs. Oxygen deficiency conditions, on the other hand, had not reached the critical stage as of January 7, but a few more cold nights plus snow-storm in the cranberry area could change the picture very rapidly. Marketing Studies The last test lot of fresh cran- berries was packed and displayed December 23rd in local stores and on our own racks at the Cranberry Experiment Station. All lots in- cluded zineb-treated and untreated fruit and were displayed with and without refrigeration. As pointed out earlier in the season, we hope to obtain useful information on the effect of zineb on the shelf life of fresh fruit handled under various conditions. As a part of our quality control studies, a second and final trip was made to Cincinnati and Detroit early in December in order to check the condition of cranberries at the terminal market and retail levels. The same representatives of the trade interviewed in November were again visited in December. Samples of ci'anberries were pur- chased in approximately 10 stores in each city and carefully examined in terms of condition. We can state at this time that the condi- tion of fresh cranberries, based on this spot sampling technique, was much better than expected. But more significant was the greatly improved relations of our industry with the trade substan- tiating the observations made by the writer after his November trip. This was due primarily to the fact that prices have been reasonably firm this past season and the movement and cleanup after the holidays have been ex- cellent. A complete report of these studies will be made at the Feb- ruary club meetings. 1959 Educational Program The Cranberry Advisory Com- mittee met at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station December 3rd to assist the Extension Service in the preparation and development of an education program for 1959. There was an excellent represen- tation present from the cranberry clubs, Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association, Cranberry Insti- tute, service organizations. Coun- ty Advisory Committees, county agricultural agents, University of Massachusetts, and the Cranberry Experiment Station. The discussion this year focused on the need for improvement in harvesting and screening methods, continued efforts to improve the quality of our pack, both fresh and processed through rigid quali- ty control program, and special attention to greater mechaniza- tion. Progress in these fields was noted but considerably more work will be required before the solu- tion of these problems is realized: Growers might be interested in Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M JOHN B. CECILL, JR. HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE WILSON Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three' borne of the other points discussed and action taken. The group pres- ent requested that the picking machine schools be held again in late August. They also suggested that the cranberry clubs include in their programs a discussion of methods of training bogs for machine picking through possibly more attention to pruning, sand- ing, fertilizing, and drainage programs designed to level the bog's surface and grow the type of vinas or uprights adaptable to machine picking. It was further pointed out that attention should be given to the practice of leaving too many vines and weeds in the boxes at the time of harvest, as well as the practice of leaving too little. These extremes often result m rapid breakdown of the fruit, ac- cording to experienced screen- house observers. It was suggested that the problem be thoroughly discussed at the winter meetings by those qualified — possibly through the medium of a panel discussion. The desirability of a pesticide mail questionaire to determine the effectiveness of the station's recommendations met with approval. There was agree- ment that many more growers should subscribe to the fresh fruit market reports issued weekly during the fall months. Unless there is greater intei-est in this regard, the group was informed that these reports would be dis- continued. These and a number of other important subjects were discussed in some detail at the Cranberry Advisory Committee meeting. The suggestions and advice of this committee were most helpful and are sincerely appreciated. The following members were present: Louis Sherman, F. Maynard Gif- ford, Arthur Handy, Ferris Waite, Ralph Thacher, Robert Hammond, Maurice Makepeace, Anthony Briggs, Raymond Morse, Robert St. Jacques, Darrell Shepherd, Robert W. Kleis, Frederick E. Cole, Dominic Marini, Oscar John- son, Harold Woodward, Chester E. Cross, John S. Norton, Joseph Kelley and J. Richard Beattie. Staff Members Participated Dr. Bert Zuckerman attended conferences in New York and Delaware in December which dealt with the development of coopera- tive research projects designed to further the study of nematodes and virus diseases. Dr. Zucker- man has already initiated studies in these fields and has accumu- lated considerable information, particularly on nematodes, during the past year. Dr. Chester Cross participated in the Northeastern Weed Control Conference held in New York City eaily in January, as well as a weather conference concerned with clirnatoiogy and its relation to agriculture held during the same period. Year- End Crop Statistics Final United States Depart- ment of Agriculture estimate of the 1958 cranberry crop remains the same total for the country, 1,127,000 barrels. Only changes were that Washington dropped from 48,000 barrels to 47,000, while Oregon gained 1,000 to 32,000. The total production of 1,127, 000 was seven percent above last year and second only to the rec- ord of 1953. Massachusetts and New Jersey had larger produc- tion while Washington and Oregon fell off. Massac'-usetts produc- tion was eight percent above 1957 and 11 percent above average . Yields per acre per state were figured as: New Jersey, 35.2 barrels; Massa- chusetts, 47.3; Wisconsin, 82.9; Washington, 63.3; Oregon, 61.5. Acres harvested totalled 20,920. New Jersey, 2,500; Massachusetts, 12,900; Wisconsin, 4,100; Wash- ington, 900, and Oregon 520. Season average price per barrel of the five states was $11.80. The highest price per barrel was in Washington with $12.20. Lowest was Wisconsin with $11.30. New Jersey price was S12.00; Oregon, $12.00 and Massachusetts, $11.90. MEDICAL BENEFITS FOR NCA EMPLOYEES National Board of Directors has approved a plan to provide uniform coverage by Blue Cross and Blue Shield for year-around employees' wherein the employees pay one half the cost and NCA the other. Plan became effective January firs;. Cost to NCA is given as about SI 1,000 or one and a third cents per barrel. CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKING Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness C^} COPN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® com oil • KARO® syrups • BOSCO^ chocolate flovored syrup NIAGARA® instant starch • LIMIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO® corn and gloss starches F*«r Issue of January 1959 - Vol. 23 No. 9 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St.. Wareham. Mnssachusptts. ^Subscription $3.50 per year. Ent.rJdas second class matter January 26, 1943. at the post-office at Wareham,^ Massachusetts, under the Act of M.rch^8^^1«TB FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS December Rugged December was one of the roughest Decembers in years in the Massachusetts cranberry areas and for that matter in all New England, and much of the coun- try. Minus degrees at year end totalled more than 200 or approxi- mately seven a day below nonnal. Lowest recording at State Cran- berry Station was 9 below on the morning of the 14th and one the day before the mercury read 3 below. There was one recording of one above, two of two, many others in the single figures and many in the low teens. Year Rainfall Heavy Rainfall for the month was light, only 1.98 inches with normal being 3.90. Of this 7.45 was snow. However, rainfall for the year as a whole was quite another story, total for the twelve months being a whopping 58.98 inches. Normal precipitation for the year in the cranberry area is 41.31. Rain, until September had been the most abnormal on record, or at least for many years; then the trend changed. Ice at end of month was 5-6 inches thick with frost in the ground up to 10 inches. Even salt water bays and rivers were fro- zen thickly. Some growers took advantage of the conditions to sand on ice, while others spread on the vines. Not all bogs were flooded even though there was ample supply, some of the area had a considerable snow cover. To the end of December it was esti- mated there had been no winter- kill. Many bogs which were not flooded looked very healthy. Many clear, although bitterly cool days, kept up a good sunshine factor, which of course would add to the crop potential for 1959. WESCO^SB N December Long Cold December brought the longest cold siege in more than a decade. The first three weeks of the month were very cold and a slight warm- ing trend the last week prevented breaking all-time records. Daily mean temperatures averaged seven to ten degrees below normal. From the 5th to the 17th there were below zero readings consecu- tively in some parts of the state. Presipitation was below normal in all areas, with light snow on the 14th and 24th. The extended forecast for January is for near normal temperatures and below normal precipitation. Normals are about fifteen degrees and an inch of precipitation. Review of Weather of *58 In reviewing the weather of the past season it turned out cold and dry. Temperatures averaged the coldest in February and Decem- ber and warmest in October. Cold- est temperature of the year was 40 below in Douglas County on February 16th and warmest 98 degrees on August 30th in south- ern Wisconsin. Precipitation was deficient in all areas, with the southern area being the driest. Deficiences averaged between three to six inches in the cranberry areas. Ground water levels were 180 feet below normal at years end. A record number of 17 tor- nadoes were reported F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agent For [astern States Farmers' Eishaoge Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides 02 der¥ioe II es jent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE f}y9 Several damaging hailstorms struck during the growing sea- son, with the most damaging one occurring the night of Sept. 3rd, in the Mather-Warrens area. Two hard freezes occured in June in northern Wisconsin on the nights of June 5th and 13th, causing con- siderable damage. Frost on the _ night of August 24, when the ^temperature dropped to the middle twenties caused damage, especial- ly in the Mather area where wateh supplies were very short. Other weather news was the fast freeze up the last of November accompan- ied by very strong drying winds. Marshes were flooded up and froze down the quickest in many years. An early spring saw most winter floods removed in early April. June and July were especially cold. Much Sanding Sanding operations were pro- gressing in all areas by mid-De- cember, Severe weather had form- ed as much as twenty inches of ice on the reservoirs. Frost depth in the sand pits was reported at 24 inches. Deep frost in the pits may handicap sanding operation:. Robert Rezin, Sr. Robert Rezin, Sr., 68, prominent grower near Tomah, died Dec. 5ta at a LaCrosse, Wis. hospital ,f<.';- lowng surgery. A member of p. prominent, pioneer cranberi growing family, he also served a j a director on the NCA board 1954 through 1957. Cranberry Man Sworn In Philleo Nash, president of the Biron Cranberry Co., Wisconsin Rapids, was sworn in as Lt. Gov- ernor of the state of Wisconsii;, in inaugaration ceremonies at the .State Capitol, Madison, Jan. 5th. Mr. Nash who served as an ad- vsor to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman, defeated the incumbent candidate Republican W. P. Know- les, in last November elections. He is the first Wisconsin Rapids man to be elected to a major state ofi'ice. Mr. Nash's many cranberry friends wish him every success in his new ofl'ice. Fresh Fruit Cleaned Up The last of the fresh fruit ber- res were shipped the latter part Six uf December. Very few berries were reported in the state after mid-December. Prices remained good up to cleanup. Overall the keeping quality Avas the best in many years. Final figures show that Wisconsin produced 340,000 barrels of berries on 4100 produc- ing acres, for an average of 82.9 bbls per acre. The cold weather during the entire growing season in the north, coupled with the more than normal number of hail storms, prevented a bumper crop. At years-end growers were looking foi-ward to 1959 with continued optimism. OREfiON 20 New Acres At a meeting of the South- western Oregon Cranberi-y Club, an informal summary was taken among the members and it was conservatively established that the cranberry industry in South- western Oregon had increased it- self by about 20 acres of newly sanded bogs tiiis last year. The rew nlantings involved about 8 rrov/ers. ^1 E W JERSEY December Weather - 1958 The nnst month was the secoai coldest December in the 30-ye:i.v weather recording history at th« Cranberry and Blueberry Research Laboratoi-y. The average tempera ture was 28.9° F., which is 7' warmer tlian normal and only 0.8 higher than the record for this month, which occurred in 1955 One unusual feature was the string of ten consecutive days (Dec. 7 through 16) during which the temperature was constantly below freezing. There has been only one more greatly prolonged freezing period in December in the past 30 years. Tn 1935 the tempera ture did not rise to 32° for the last eleven days of the year. With respect to precipitation, the past mont'i had only 1.40 in ches, which is less than half of the normal 3.03 inches. Snow threatened on four days but only slight traces were recorded, as only the outside fringes of these storms touclied us. Annual Weather Review The past year was the wettest and one of the coolest on record here. Excessive rain occurred in eight of the months and the year- ly total was 60.01 inches, about 17 inches more than normal. During tlie important growing months of May, June, July and August thero was a total of 24.56 inches, about eight inches more than normal. This was in contrast to the di'iest (Continued on Page 16) i F. RUTTER INCORPORATED 19 CONGRESS ST. BOSTON, MASS. CApital 7-6377 ENVESTMENT SECURITIES We will buy odd lots of the common and preferred stocks of The National Cranberry Association Harvest Methods, Fungicides and Keeping Quality by Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman Plant Patho'.ogist Cra With the advent of machine-pick- ing on a large scale, problems heretofore unknown to the Massa- chusetts cranberry industry have appeared some of Avhich affect the keeping quality. Two questions that have arisen are (1) Do ma- chine-picked berries hold up as well in storage as scooped berries and (2) how do fungicide-treated machine-picked berries compare with those similarly treated but picked by scoop ? Many growers and s'.-.ippers have formed opinions on this and related questions based on their own experience, and hence, a pattern of beliefs is tak- ing form. Over the past two years data has been gathered on these subjects and an analysis is reported here- in. The information is presented with a minimum of interpretation, for the preliminary nature of these studies makes any attempt in this direction premature. It is hoped that the grower by comparing- these results with his own exper- NBERRY Experiment Station ience, may reach a better under- standing of the problems and so be in a better position to plan his operations. Machine-picking vs scooping In 1957, 30 lots of berries from 10 pieces of bog were collected for comparative tests of the quality of machine-picked vs. scoop-picked berries. In each case, samples were taken by stopping the ma- chine and removing a quart or two of berries from the tup of the picking box or bag to represent the machine-picked sample. The scooped sample was then harvested from the unpicked area to the side of and slightly to the rear of the machine. In this manner, variations of quality due to diff- erences in bog location and con- dition were minimized. Berry breakdown counts were mads a few days after harvest, and again at approximately 6 to 12 weeks following harvest. Berries harvested by four types of picking* machines were studied, but since all the berries harvested by machine behaved in approxi- mately the same manner, no com- parison between machines is re- ported in this paper. Counts made five days after har- vest showed slightly more field breakdown in the machine-picked samples (3.4'/^ ) than in the scoop- ed samples (1.9%). TABLE 1 gives the figures for breakdown in berries held for 6 and 12 weeks in common storage. Assuming all berry samples comparable, these are the figures which indicate the effect of picking method on keep- ing quality. A statistical analysis of the figures in Table 1 shows that the probability is greater than 99 in 100 that machine-picked berries show more break-down in a 12- week storage period than do scoop- picked berries. It should be noted that in the preceding paragraphs reference is made to the breakdown of ber- ries without characterizing this breakdown as due to bruising, to rot organisms or to a combination of the two. In addition, no con- sideration is given here to the problem of whether or not bruis- ing accelerates the action of de- TABLE 1 Comparison of keeping quality of berri es which had been scoop-picked with those that had been machine-picked. Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14° 15° Ave. Breakdown Breakdown Breakdown 6 Weeks 12 Weeks Total* Machine Scooped Machine Scooped 15.6 Machine Scooped 6.1 1.8 24.9 31.0 17.4 3.7 0.4 20.8 9.2 24.5 9.6 5.7 0.9 38.5 9.3 44.0 10.2 1.9 1.0 23.6 13.3 25.5 14.3 4.5 0.3 22.2 14.9 26.7 15.2 12.9 6.2 - 9.9 4.2 22.8 10.4 17.1 5.5 11.0 10.7 28.1 16.2 8.4 3.9 17.0 16.2 25.4 20.1 2.8 3.5 9.5 9.8 12.3 13.3 5.4 3.6 12.9 7.3 18.3 10.9 10.7 5.3 13.9 8.4 24.6 13.7 2.0 1.3 11.4 8.9 13.4 10.2 11.7 8.8 23.2 23.9 34.9 32.7 11.7 7.2 7.8 11.0 19.5 18.2 9.1 3.6 9.1 -S.6 7.6 4.4 17.6 11.4 24.0 14.4 * Does not include field rot which had been removed. ° Sample 14 which was water-picked and Sampl e 15 which was not counted after 12 weeks in storage were not included in the statistical analys is. Seven cay organisms present in the ber- ries at the time of harvest. A study made in 1958 sheds some light on these questions. In this experiment berries treated with zineb by ground concentrate rig and untreated berries wei-e machine and scoop-picked on the same section of the State bog. Ten scoop-picked samples, each about 1000 berries in size, were sorted by hand and held in paper bags for a storage period of seven weeks. Machine-picked berries were held in field boxes and shrink- age determined on a weight basis through screening of three boxes in each lot at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks. Field breakdown and losses dur- ing the 7-week storage period as shown in these two instances are compared in FIGURE 1. The scooped and macnine- pick- ed samples were roughly compar- able at the time of harvest. It is of interest to compare the loss fig- ures 7 weeks after harvest. Here it can be noted that only a small amount of breakdown occurred in scooped berries, whether treated or untreated. And there was only a slight difference in the break- down of treated and untreated berries which had been machine- picked. The amount of breakdown in this experiment, as with those re- ported in 1957, appears to be re- lated to the picking technique. Another point to be noted is that fungicide treatment apparently did not greatly reduce the amount of breakdown in machine-picked ber- ries. If we assume that the lines in FIGURE 1 represent breakdown caused by two primary agents — the machine and fungi — it apPears ^^s though the fungicide treatment had the same effect in decreasing breakdown of both machine and scoop-picked berries; and that this effect was on breakdown due pri- marily to decay organisms. Ad- (■itional work is planned to prove or disprove this hypothesis. A Ihird point of interest is that fun- gicide treatment apparently would not have been pre 'i table in thi.'j % Loss 1 2 -i. c ease, if results were judged on a single year's basis. Conclusion This section should be entitled "Exclusions", for in it I wish to list some possibilities for error in the studies reported in this paper. 1. In scooping the samples, we are perhaps more gentle: there- fore, bruise the berries less than would a commercial cranberry scooper. 2 Some of the bogs from which data was gathered were being picked by machine for the first time. 3 More samples are needed over a reriod of years. All three of these items may be important in the results here re- ported. An effort will be made to overcome at least the last two considerations. Work is planned for next year to give additional in- formation on this subject. CLARIFICATION In the Cranberry Institute article last month, our attention has been called to a statement which might lead to confusion. Stat- ment was: "At the present time, the com- mon varieties are the Early Blacks and Late Howes introduced in New Jersey in 1880, and the named by the U. S. Department Wilcox, Beckwith and Stevens of Agriculture in 1950". New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory says in re- gard to the last three varieties, actually these varieties are still in the experimental stage and there are probably not more than 10 acres planted to these in the en- tire state. Fig. 1. A comparison of fungicide treated and untreated Early Blacks, machine and scoop-picked. State Bog, 1958. = Fungicide treated = Untreated LUCK A MYTH The only man who strikes it lucky is the one who strikes out for himself. LIFETIME DEBT Accept a favor from some peo- ple and you place a mortgage on your peace of mind. BACKFIRE Knowledge may be power — ^but it's amazing how magny unsuc- cessful men know it all. Sight Cranberries In North America by F. B. Chandler Research Proffessor. Cranberry Station. East Wareham, Mass. Fertilizers, sanding- and bees were the subjects of the last chap- ter of "Cranberries in North Am- erica". The section this month will be on water, with such sub- jects as winter flood, sources, me- thods of supplying water, lift, ir- rigation, and drainage. Winter Flood Massachusetts, in all four sur- veys, has divided bogs into four classes: dry bogs, winter flowage only, winter and some frost flow- age, and full flowage. The dry bog has no winter protection and no frost protection. In 1924, 1520 acres, or 11 percent of the acreage, fell in this category but only 459 acres, or 3.4 percent, fell in this category in 1956. The full flow- age bogs have full protection for winter and for frost. In 1924, 6300 acres, or 45 percent of the Massachusetts bogs, fell in this category, and 8340 acres, or 62 percent, fell in this category in 1956. In 1956, the acreage under permanent sprinklers had increas- ed to about 250 acres, or 2 percent. Permanent sprinklers may give both winter and frost protection. While this shows considerable improvement in 30 years, it still shows that all Massachusetts 'bogs are not protected Similar information is not avail- able for New Jersey. In Wiscon- sin, the bogs are all flooded for winter. Many growers do not flood until the temperature is low enough to freeze the vines in ice in less than 48 hours after the wa- ter is put on. In Oregon, only 276 acres, or 73 percent of the bogs, have marginal dikes; therefore, no more can be flooded. Usually wa- ter for flooding is an accumulation of rain. In Grayland, Washing- ton, none of the bogs were flooded, while in Long Beach, quite a few were flooded but with no regular- ity. Sources In Cranmoor District of Wiscon- sin, Bain found in 1928 that there were 7 acres of ponds or reservoirs per acre of marsh. The 1949 and later surveys report as an average for the state 17 ^/^ acres of reser- voir per acre of marsh. This is probably next to the best water supply for cranberry growers. Many of the Lulu Island growers in British Columbia may get wa- ter from the Frazier River, an un- limitel source. In Wisconsin, be- side ponds and reservoirs, creeks, rivers and sui^face water were list- ed as sources of water. See Table I. This table probably lists the sources available anywhere ex- cept artesian wells of which there are a few in Massachusetts. Rain- fall is a source in all sections. In Grayland, Washington, a water district is being formed and this will assist with water supply as well as drainage. Method of Supplying Water The method of supplying water is summarized in the 1956 Massa- chusetts survey by acres for 1946 and 1956. This reports that over half of the Massachusetts bogs re- ceive their water by gravity (57 percent in 1946 and 64 percent in 1956). About 10 percent of the acres had water pumped by elec- tricity and about 30 percent of the acres were pumped with a gas- oline engine. In Oregon and Washington, pumping is nearly always done with electricity be- cause it is inexpensive and avail- able. Most of the pumping in Wisconsin is done with electric pumps. Lift A paragraph from the Oregon survey reports the maximum lift. The paragraph follows: "Some growers lift water many feet to a sump hole. Many growers lift water 40 feet, a few 100 feet. The greatest lift was 200 feet, and it took 2,800 feet of pipe to take the water from the stream to the sump. As flow in some of these streams is low, the pumps may operate continually to keep the sump filled. When needed, water is pumped from the sump to the sprinkler system." The 1934, 1946, and 1956 surveys from Mas- sachusetts have a great deal of de- tail on the lifts for that state The lifts ranged up to 24 feet in 1934, up to 31 feet in 1946, and up to 35 feet in 1956. The number of pumping plants reported in these surveys was 399, 488, and 458 re- spectively. Irrigation Irrigation means different things in different sections. In Massa- chusetts, ii'rigation usually means filling the dtches. In Wisconsin, it means putting water over the surface, or flash flooding; while on the west coast it means sprink- ling. Probably irrigation varies more from section to section than any othed cultural practice. Three of the surveys gave data on irri- gation, this information with esti- mates for the other sections are TABLE 1 Sources of Water for Wisconsin Cranberry Marshes Perc< mt of Area Reported in Surveys Source 1949 1952 1957 Ponds or reservoirs ~ ~ 44 Creeks 44 40 23 Rivers 23 15 9 Lakes 14 15 9 Surface water ~ — 14 Other 19 20 2 More than one source — 10 — Nine in Table 2. A paper on the "Ef- fect of Methods of Irrigating Cran- berry Bogs" reports poor lateral movement of water from the ditch through cranberry soils, and that most sprinklers were started on the bogs studied with sufficient soil moisture six inches below the sur- face. Drainage Very little drainage information is reported in the surveys. In gen- eral, Washington has poor drain- age because the ditches are plug- ged with beaver dams. Some drainage in all sections is poor be- cause cranberry growers do not control the outlets. In Oregon, about 68 percent of the growers kept their ditches dry during the growing season, while 11 percent held the water in the dtches after sprinkling. In Massachusetts, over 12,000 feet of plastic tubing has been used for drainage of cran- berry bogs. The type of tube and the method of putting it in the soil was developed at Iowa State College. The importance of good drainage was mentioned by White nearly ninety years ago. A pessimist is a man who resents the fact that the world was made without seeking his advice. In addition to previously cited literaure, the followng were used: Chandler, F. B. Effect of Meth- ods of Irrgating Cranberry Bogs on Water Table and Soil Moisture Tension. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 57: 65-72, 1951. Schwab, G. O. and Don Kirk- ham. The Effect of Circular Per- forations on Flow into Subsur- face Drain Tubes. Agr. Eng. 32: 270-274, 1951. White, Joseph J. Cranberry Culture. Orange Judd Co., N. Y. 1870. N. J. BLUEBERRY GROWERS HAVE 27TH OPEN HOUSE "What Can Be Done to get Bet- ter Blueberries in the Market," was the main subject of the 27th annual Blueberry Open House. Meeting was scheduled for the Grange hall, Vincentown, January 8. Meeting was sponsored by tb? New Jersey Agricultural Station, New Brunswick. Speakers were scheduled to in- clude; a Welcome by Daniel L. Kensler, Burlington Agricultural County Agent. Others were David J. Burns, Department Agricul- tural Economics; Benjamin H. TABLE 2 Percentage of Acreage Irrigated by Different Methods State Filling Flash Tile or Ditches Flooding Sprinkling Tube Not Irrigated Massachusetts Wisconsin New Jersey Oregon Washington Canada 70 14 3 Small large* similar to Massachusetts* 22 73** gg*** ■> :;: :!•. * * * * * 1/10 * Author's estimate ** The Oregon Survey has data on the frequency of irrigation which shows that a little over a quarter of the acreage irrigated was sprinkled every 3 or 4 days. An equal acreage was sprinkled every 7 or eight days. *** Grayland 87% and Long Beach 57% in 1955. After the bad frost of 1957, more acreage will probably be sprinkled. **** In Canada there is little irrigating. In Nova Scotia irrigation is similar to Massachusetts, but in Lulu Island sprinklers are being planned. Davis and Allan W. Stretch, both of department of plant pathology; Philip E. Marucci and Charles A. Doehlert, both of the Cranberry Blueberry Research laboratory, speaking on "How Can Insect Control Improve Quality?" and "How Can Pruning and Fertilizing Help?" respectively. New Jersey State Secretary of Agriculture Phillip Alampi spoke of the use of fVie "State Seal of Quality." Eugene H. Varney, department of plant pathology discussed "Botrytis Disease On Blueberries,*' and Lawrence C. Ranters of the same department made comments on new blueberry viruses. Asso- ciate Director Ordway Srarns dis- cussed blueberry reseai'ch needs. "Blueberry Stunt Inspection," was the topic by William Metterhouse cf New Jersey Department of Agriculture while William S. Haines, president of the Blueberry Variety Council told of varieties. OVERSEAS RESEARCH PROGRAM TO BENEFIT U. S. AGRICULTURE The U. S. Department of Agri- culture is embarking on a broad new program to obtain agricul- tural research in foreign countries. The marketing phase of the program is expected to benefit U. S. producers and processors by expanding t^.e mai'kets for their products. The research will seek new knowledge of quality evalua- tion of farm commodities, better understanding of the biochemical changes that occur in maturing fruits and vegetables, and new in- formation on market diseases, market insect pests, and consu- mer habits and preferences in foreign countries. This overseas research will be paid for with foreign currencies accruing in the various foreign countries to the account of the U. S. from sale of surplus agri- cultural commodities under Public Law 480. (Agricultureal Marketing) • READ CRANBERRIES Tfn RESUME OF WISCONSIN IN 1958 By DR, GEORGE PELTIER WEATHER Little Snow — Spring Frosts Other than the "big" snow in mid-November 1957, little or no snow cover prevailed during the entire winter. December and Jan- uary were mild and dry while Feb- ruary was cold and dry, conditions favorable for sanding. March and April were quite mild, sufficiently so that in the southern area the winter flood was removed the first week in April. By mid-April, with temperatures 10 to 14 degrees above nonnal, all winter floods were removed. During the latter part of April and the fore part of May, a series of almost nightly frosts in the low twenties resulted in refloods up to mid-May. Some 18 frosts occurred during the month. June contin- ued cool the entire month with a total of 9 frosts in the Cranmoor area. Rainfall continued defi- cient during June in the southern regions, as contrasted with excess moisture in the north. The same situation carried on into July, de- laying full bloom for a week to ten days. Harvest Weather Good August had normal temperatures with clear, sunny days and cool was near normal for the first time in 1958 in the southern areas. Sep- tember was an ideal growing month. No killing frost occurred. Rainfall was aboA-^e normal and aided materially in the south in that enough water was available for harvest. October was a pleas- ant month for harvest. Only one day was lost due to inclement weather. Heat growth units (50 degrees F.) totalled only 1810 for the entire growing season (May through September) as contrasted to the normal of 2143. Sections Vice Versa The weather for the 1958 season can be characterized as cool and dry in the southern areas in con- trast to cold and wet conditions in the north. For the most part, days were sunny and nights cool- er than usual. Water remained in short supply until harvest in the south. Pumpage from the Wisconsin River to the Cranmoor area was greater than in past years. The North, however, was plagued with excessive rainfall. Violent thunder storms, torna- does and hail were much more prevalent than usual in the state. Insects Light Insects reacted to the sub-nor- mal temperatures and appeared a week to ten days late. Leaf miners were observed on several bogs for the first time since 1951. Spittle bugs also showed up in consider- able numbers during June. Fire- worms (black-headed) caused slight damage. Only two hatches of the first brood were seen, ra- ther than the usual three. Second brood fireworms were scarce and no "brown-outs" were noted. On the whole, fruitworm infestations were light and late, especially the first two flights. The third flight did not appear until the third week in August, resulting in some wormy berries in early packs. Rot Loss Less Due to cool nights with heavy dews, black rot appeared in un- treated beds and especially in those with a heavy cover of weeds and grasses. Phomopsis rot, too, seemed to be more noticeable in bogs subjected to hail. End rot, fortunately, has been held to a minimum in storage due to a suc- cession of cool nights and low humidities. Loses from end rot will be much less than in former years. Unfortunately, weed control with chemicals was held in abeyance during the season because the F. D. A. has been extremely slow in approving of Dalapon and Amino- triazole. Good Bud For '59 Owing to the cool, dry summer in the south, berries are somewhat smaller than normal, but the qual- ity is excellent. In fact, the best I have experienced in my 8 sea- sons in Wisconsin. Finally, fall budding appears to be very good, promising a good crop in 1959 providing all factors are favorable. DRAINAGE PROBLEM AT GRAYLAND Pacific County Drainage Dis- trict, No. 1 and Grays Harbor District No. 1, both in the Gray- land, Washington cranberry area have made application for assist- ance under the Small Watershed Protection Act. Estimated total cost of the project was $640,000, of which approximately $174,000 will have to be provided by other than Federal funds. Cranberry growers in the area have not yet voted on the project. Project consists in general for increasing the capacity of main north-south drainage ditches, and also provides for east-west lateral channels at one-half mile inter- vals, plus north-south feeder ditches, following the courses of present roads as much as possi- ble. A survey has estimated an an- nual damage from flooding and poor drainage as $50,000 due to fall storms which interfere with harvest and actual damage due to water-logged soils and the spread of weed seed to bogs from adjacent areas. On the basis of yields experi- enced this past year by growers, who had full frost protection, the loss was approximately 30,000 barrels to frost. Had it been pos- sible to control run-off by control structure such as included in the plan a good proportion of this loss could have been avoided. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE Eleven WASHINGTON'S YIELD PER ACRE EDGES CLOSE TO WISCONSIN'S Continuinir a series of articles sponsored by Ihe Cranberry Institute, presenting statistical data about each of the major cranberry-producing areas. This fourth is about Washington, with comments by Frank O. Glenn, Jr., owner-manager of Cranguyma Farms. In 1883, six years before Washington became a state, a French gardener named Robert Chabot planted McFarlins, Native Jerseys and Cape Cod Beauties in Long Beach to give Washington cranbei'ry pro- duction a 2-year start over neighboring Oregon. 75 years later, Chabot's original plantings are marked only by overgrown dikes, but cultivated cranberry acreage in Washington now extends over 950 acres in the Long Beach and Grayland areas. Washington stands fourth place in barrels produced and runs a close second to Wisconsin in yield per acre. Grayland didn't make its start and the low yield in 1939 of 17.6 in cranberry cultivation until 1912 when Ed Benn made a historic purchase of 160 acres for $5.00 an acre. He sold some of these cranberry tracts to six Finnish settlers and the Finnish influence is still very much in evidence on Grayland's well-kept plantations. Although vine cuttings were imported for cranberry cultivation, there were also native varieties growing wild in Washington, and the Long Beach Cranberry-Blue- berry Experiment Station has seedlings with a high production record which are a progeny of crosses made by Dr. D. J. Crowley. It is said that Lewis and Clark found the Indians gathering native cranberries and John Peter Paul had tried to develop the wild vines as early as 1869. However, even with this early start, cranberry production was slow in Washington until a land boom early in the 1900's boosted cranberry plantations in the Long Beach area up to 600 acres and Grayland began its development, gradually outdistancing Long Beach in harvested acreage. From the figui'es on the oppo- site page, the progress made since 1950 can be noted. Acreage har- vested was expanded from 700 acres to 950 and yield per acre went from a low of 47.1 in 1950 to a record high of 92.5 in 1953. Average for the ten-year period is 66.9 barrels per acre, a close runner-up to Wisconsin whose average was 69.9 for the sams decade. As in the foregoing articles of this series, 1939 has been used as the 1007c reference point so that 700 acres harvested equals 100% barrels per acre equals 100%. 1957, then, shows a 36% increase in acres harvested and a 400% increase in yield per acre. Washington cranberry crops averaged 49,860 barrels in the period from 1947 to 1956 and jum.ped to 84,000 barrels in 1957. However, severe frost late last spring cut the 1958 crop to 57,000 barrels. Some growers lost their entire crop, but others, who had sprinkling systems and used them, saved Washington's record with yields at high as 150 to 190 bar- rels per acre. Harvesting methods in Washing- ton ' vary from bog to bog with water picking predominant in Long Beach using the water reel, and Grayland picking dry, with vacuum and mechanical pickers. This last season, the general trend, however, has been towards mechanical pickers with the West- ern Picker in first place, and a new Furford Mechanical Picker, developed in the last few years, is gathering disciples. According to Survey of the Cranberry Industry in Washington in 1956 by F. B. Chandler, Wash- ington cranberry bogs are built on peat which had developed between sand bars or low sand dunes paralleling the shore line. Usually about 1% inches of this beach sand is spread over the graded peat before the vines are set and about % inch is used for resanding Because most of this beach sand is fine and packs dovni, drainage has been a problem. Protection from frost and sum- mer drying is accomplished by irrigation systems, and sprinklers cover about 68.6 per cent of Wash- ington's bearing acreage. McFarlins are predominant here, as in Oregon, with a few other varieties in the Long Beach sec- tion. Leading cranberry farm is Cranguyma in Long Beach, owned and operiited by Frank 0. Glenn, Jr. The plantation was originally developed by Guy C. Myers in 1941 and its total holdings of 1300 acres now has close to 100 acres in bearing. Manager Glenn works hand in hand with nature and even wel- comes stormy weather during har- vest time. "The rain helps fliood the bogs and the wind helps sweep up the berries," be says, v/hich can be true when harvest- ing is done by water with the water reel, or egg beater, to stir np the berries. But Mr. Glenn aids nature in every way and Cranguyma is the pride of the West Coast, with its narrow gauge railroad to quickly transport berries from "shore" to dryer. The miniature tracks take up little bog space and the vines grow right in between the tracks. The rolling stock consists of gaso- line-powered speeders, assorted flat cars and other equipment, and rs it moves down the track with its precious load of newly harvest- ed berries aboard, it leaves a spray of flood water in its wake. Cranguyma has one of the lar- gest sprinkling systems in the industry and water needs are tur- bine pumped from a 30-acre lake. Cranguyma is not a farm alone. it integrates all the processes necessary to bring cranberries to the American dinner table in many new and exciting forms. Sorting and screening operations are side by side with a processing plant and Cranguyma leads the industry in attractive and varied cranberry p,-ift packages. Mr. Glenn believes in a bright luture for cranberries and he's intent on helping them get there. ADVT. BLIND TO FAULTS Real friendship two people get so see through each comes when thick they can't other. Twelvf — w Acreage Harvested VieUI Per Acre 250 325 WASHINGTON CRANBF.RRV CR.^P 1030 - 1957 A Comp::i-ison of Acreage I-ia L-vested aiiti "I'U'Id Per Aero Year 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1056 1957 Actual Acreage Harvested 600 600 480 500 500 550 560 600 700 700 700 700 700 680 630 700 670 620 700 700 700 700 800 800 800 800 950 950 WASHINGTON CRANBERRY CROP 1939 =: 100% % Acreage Actual Harvested Yield Per Acre 86 5.8 86 15.0 69 15.6 71 9.6 71 36.6 79 30.9 SO 29.8 86 30.8 100 22.4 100 17.6 100 36.0 100 51.4 100 38.6 97 35.3 90 47.6 100 52.0 96 62.7 89 77.4 100 60.6 100 57.1 100 47 1 100 82.1 114 37.5 114 92.5 114 76.9 114 59.4 136 68.1 136 88.0 ♦Figures from the United States Department of Agriculture % Yield Per Acre 33 85 89 55 208 176 169 175 127 100 205 292 219 201 271 296 3S6 440 344 324 268 466 213 525 437 337 387 600 (ADV.) Thirteen Two Wisconsin Harvesters Have Worked For Fifth Generation Walter Beck And John Swetz With Bennett Marshes Since 1907 And 1914 In Wisconsin two cranberry harvesters have worked for five generations of Bennett marsh owners. One, Walter Beck, now 61 of Vesper, started as a raker with the Bennetts in 1907; the other, John Swetz, 66, of Sigel be- gan work for the Bennetts in 1914. Marsh was being run at that time by A. C. Bennett, who had founded it in 1877. Both men were, obviously, young at the time. With a few years off for military service they have been at the Bennett marsh Rte. 3 out of Wisconsin Rapids ever since. A. C. was succeeded by his son "A. E." "Dad" Bennett, widelj known in later years as the "grand old man" of the Wisconsin in- dustry. "Dad" Bennett passed on the operations to his son Erman, who turned over the management to his two sons, Irving and Brad- ley. "Chuck" and "Brad," as they are called, have produced another generation of Bennetts for the marsh. The eldest great, great grandson of the founder is Chuck's six-year-old son, Michael, a first grade pupil at Cranmoor grade Echool, to carry on the Bennett cranberry traditions. Swetz recalls the early cran- berry harvests when he would come with his grandmother from their farm at Vesper by horse and wagon and then stay at the Bennett place for the rest of the harvest season. A highlight of the harvest was always a dance held each night in the warehouse. "We really had some hot times," declares Swetz, and Beck has added "We always vsed to consider cranberry har- vest as a vacation." Both these long-time workers for the Bennetts have farm work to do when not harvesting. Beck has a 40 acre farm in the town of Sigel, while Swetz has 100 acres near Vesper. Although raking for many y»ar« both men moved into the ware- house and drying r-T'ew in about 1935. It's no problem at all to find Teopls who seem to know every- thing not worth knowing. OCEAN SPRAY OFFICERS Directors of Ocean Spray of Canada, Ltd. have chosen officers for the year as follows: president, Thomas B. Darlington, New Jer- sey, vice-president, David E. Pryde, Washington, secretary - treasurer, Kenneth G. Garside; assistant sec- retary, John F. Harriott, and comptroller, Edward J. Gaughan, all Massachusetts. Garside is also general manager. The man who's afraid of being spoiled by success should get a job with the weather bureau. I eft to ri.:;lit are Beck, Irving Bennett. Michael, (who at six says he intends to continue the Bennett occupation of cranberry growing), Bradley Bennett and Beck. (Photo and article courtesy of Wisconsin Rapids. Dailey Tribune, Wisconsin Rapids.) Fourt««n t||i^—n^— •■—••—— n—al -H^ ISSUE OF JANUARY 1959 VOL. 23 - NO, 9 LOOKING TO THE NEW YEAR 1958 WAS THE BEST YEAR for the industry as we all know, in a number of years. Most growers are heartened as to the outlook for 1959. NCA, which controls so much of the total production has an- nounced it expects fresh fruit sales will return not less than $1.00 per barrel than last year. On the other hand NCA has a storage of 17 percent more berries to dispose of (as of December) than the same date a year ago. NCA, adds, however, that stocks in trade hands, both wholesale and retail will be much smaller than the previous year as we go into 1959. But, one of the most important points, we believe and have mentioned before, is that apparently confidence in the trade has been restored. Distributors want to handle cranberries again, with the greatly- improved price stabilization (clean up in general) for the '58 crop. As pleasant as the season was price- wise, the number of growers who are wildy enthusiastic are small. Most realize that one swallow does not make a sum- mer. There is hard work ahead to be done. There are days to come when good headwork, capacity to think clearly and look far ahead will be vital. We are defi- nitely in the mechanical age now, in cran- berry work. The operation of equipment will require workmen of more skill than formerly. They will be in the class of semi- skilled or skilled workers. Cranberry grow- ers will be in direct competition with non- agricultural industry, for these men. Not only in finding able help, but also in wages. It seems obvious to anyone that wo can expend little lessening in costs on everything, including taxes. It has been costing money to grow cranberries — as in turning out any product. It appears the cost of doing business is still on the up and up. So savings must be in management, in becoming better and better growers ; in the new well-understood expression "more barrels to the acre." The small grower who does most of his own work has certain financial advan- tages, and presumably the larger opera- tions will have advantages in resources and ability to hire real cranberry crafts- men. We fear it may be the middle fellow « nil III! nil m nil rii UH— nil nii^lili m nil nil— on "n n" "« m— "•(» CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, S4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts ]^R. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. Ne^v Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E, MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey who must work his brain to the utmost advantage to stay in business. At least for a few years, until the cranberry indus- iry IS oil a really firm foundation agam. Fifteen Fresh From The Fields (Continued from Pag-e 6) summer of the previous year, when only 6.46 inches of rain feil during these four months. TLe winter months were severe- ly cold and snowy. January and March were considerably below normal in temperature and Feb- ruary and December were the second coldest recorded for these months. There were destructive and paralyzing snowfalls in Feb- ruary and March, including a rec- ord breaking 16 inches on March 20 and 21 and 14 inches on Feb- ruary 16. The total snowfall for the year, 44 inches, was also a record iiigh. The weather was unusually cool throughout most of the year. Ten of the months were below normal in temperature and only April and July were slightly above normal. The average annual temperature was 51.7° as compared to the nor- mal of 54.3° F. '58 Brought Damages The 1958 weatlier pattern brought troubles to the blueberry growers. The concentration of rainy and cool spells during blos- som time caused great damage to this important south Jersey crop. Fungus diseases of the blossoms were induced and reduced activity of bees seriously decreased the pollenation. Excessive summer rains hampered harvesting, caused berries to become soft and watery, and interfered with important in- sect control operations. Nor were cranberry growers without weather woes. Spring- frosts caused appreciable damage in some areas and tlie deluges in August resulted in flooding of bogs which also caused consider- able loss. Late Massachusetts After one of the roughest Decembers on record, January g'ave a three day respite from cold weather and then winter began a deep-freeze operation with slashing, bitter winds that made major headline news for all New England. By the 7th and 8th there were "ideal" winterkill conditions. Some had possibly al- ready been done a considerable amount was possible. Total departure from normal to that date was only 20 minus, but the fact this was not much more was due to warmness of the first three days. Lows as recorded at State Bog were 4 above, 3, 14, and 18 on the 8th. Other spots report- ed much lower. The biting cold and gale winds, up to an esti- mated 55 miles per hour were re- ported at Cape Cod Canal. Precipitation to that date had been only .78 of an inch of rain or light snow before the bitter cold struck. Ice Sanding Frost in thebogs was up to 6 inches while it was 10 or more on uplands. Ice on bogs was six in- ches or more. More growers than in December were ice sanding. Oxygen Deficiency No fear of oxygen deficiency was felt to the 8th, but should ice thicken, there come a snow deposit, (no snow remaining at that date) or there be cloudy weather this too, will become a problem. INSTITUTE MEETS Members of Cranberry Institute were scheduled to meet at National Cranbeny Association January 13th with a meeting on the 14th. Included in the agenda was the annual election of directors. NO RUDDER People who have no definite aim in their life's v/ork are ac- tually lost before they start. L-^ llli i i m ii^ i;iS :i:^:.::i3>:>m:!U ^'53 :;:^ IMu' (I lower Who l>t'!(HltJs" B ADVERTISE M CRANBERRIES INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 262 W. Grand Ave. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin i 9 Sj"@II'iBII ^'^!' B!!HBllbBill:fli!liail'iai^ OUR mmmi Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry -Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Crnnb?rry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry -Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Sixteen RVINfi THE WrSlOiflPGtirWIRI FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES *********** Vernon GoMsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN "-■■Iff^T" -TT^ DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MrGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G«tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Orop-Saver Chemioai Company Spring Green, Wisconsin l5 THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA «««««•* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS SUvMS Point ¥* 1 CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFtELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 THIS SPACE IS GOI^ TO WASTE! It is available for those w^ho have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry We're selling cranoerries months out of the year! These are the ads that do the job! * * > w f CO ! ^ 3-P 1 CO ; ^ 0 Month after month we're promoting Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce as "the natural mate for every meat"! Big, 4-color ads in LADIES' HOME JOURNAL, BETTER HOMES AND GARDENS, GOOD HOUSEKEEPING, SUNSET . . . plus hard-selling TV commercials . . . tell the story. They make people more cranberry-conscious . . . help build sales of fresh berries as well as processed . . . make cranberries a "natural" all year long! And — coming up — a big, special consumer promotion offering the new, free book "How to Save Money on Meat". . . plus a great big Easter promotion! As a topper- juice is being marketed in new areas through exciting, new ad campaigns! Yojr business GROWS when you grow and sell through NCA Kational Cranberry Association, Hanson, Massachusetts. Tel. Bryantville — CYpress 3-6311 INC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY 0 PE COD ■W JERSEY nSCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA "GIBBY" AND RUTH BEATON, Secretary and Treasurer of Cape Cranberry Growers Association. (Story page 7) (Florence Young Ph 35 Cents FEBRUARY 19^ DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters '^^^^^^'■^■^ Niagara Chemicai Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Mlddieport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 j Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 KIMBALL 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareha Conveniently located lor ecanberry Men m ■ The ■ ;CHARLES W. HARRIS! I Company i I 26 Somerset Ave g _ North Dighton, Mass. = I AMES I I Irrigation Systems | I Sprinklers | I I I \V eed killers = = Insecticides B I Fungicides ■ I from ^ ^ Cal. Spray Chemical Company B i Dupont Company ■ * American Cyanimid Company 5 EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED I'AFl'I At Screenhouses. Boss and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM MASS Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES 1958 Amazing Year In Jersey A brief report of the past year in New Jersey from Edward V. Lipman, area manager for Nation- al Cranberry Association, calls 1958 one of the most amazing of seasons all things considered, for that state. There was an 88,000 barrel crop in spite of "quite im- possible" conditions during the spring, particularly the severe frost on the night of June 6. This caught many growers un- prepared, came at a very inoppor- tune time, and was particularly unkind to many smaller growers, some of whom did not have ade- quate water. Then there was practically continual rain throughout the bloom period and in many cases the growers could not drain off in order to get a proper set. While the total crop has been placed at 88,000, NCA received a total of 77,000 from its membership in Jersey. The report is that it seems cer- tain New Jersey will be in the cranberry business for many years although there will be fewer grow- ers. Growers' operations and pro- duction on some bogs are described as "out of this world." LONG BEACH RAINFALL NEARLY 7 FEET IN '58 Rainfall during 1958 totalled, as measured at Cranguyma Farms, Long Beach Washington just BEN FRANKLIN was one of the most forward-looking men of his day. He would be amazed at the progress which has been made in the development of - - ELECTRICITY Make good use of it in your bog work — in your home. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM TEL. 200 PLYMOUTH TEL. 1300 SHARON BOX COMPANY, Inc. ESTABLISHED 1856 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We Will Buy Your White Pine Logs, Either Standing or Cut * Highest Prices Paid * Sawmill located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon, Sunset 4-2012 short of seven feet, or 82.56 in- ches. There was a fall during December of 12.02 inches. Rain- fall at Seaview, nearby on the Peninsula showed 78.36 inches for the twelve month and 10.31 for December. Temperatures for the year ranged from a minimum of 24 degrees on November 16th to a maximum of 88 degrees on July 27 and 28. Heaviest month of I'ainfall was November with 14.45 seaview. Spring and summer months were light in precipitation, while these were record high months in the East. Total rainfall during 1957 wa.s 67.11 inches. ANNUAL JERSEY MEETING FEBRUARY 5 American Cranberry Growers Association was scheduled to meet at Fenwick Hall, Pember- ton, New Jersey, Feb. 5. This was the annual meeting with election of officers. Subjects to be discussed in- cluded "Status of Some Equip- ment Proposed for Mowing of Weeds Under Water," "Chemical Control in Ditches," "A Review of Cranberry Rot Control in 1957- 1958," "Control of Cranberry In- sects," reports of New Jei'sey State Agricultural Convention, tax committee, Elizabeth C. White Research Fund and water and forestry committee. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them ysunetf. Stock Always on Hatt4 F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-33S0 North Oanrer, Mats, One Wisconsin Meet Discusses Many Pertinent Matters Albert Amundson Elected Pres. of" State Growers Association for 1959 The Toi'd annual meeting of the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers Ass'n. was held Saturday, Janu- ary 31, 1951) in the auditorium of the Wood County Courthouse, Wisconsin Rapids. The meeting was called to order at 1:15 P. M. by Pres. Marvin Hewitt. He welcomed seventy growers and guests and expressed appreciation of the turnout in view of the very cold weather. In his remarks to the group he expressed his gratitude for the heljD he received from the mem- bers in running his office and called for the membership to bet- ter support their organization and to take more interest in its work. He asked for better re- sponse in paying dues and frosL warning assessments. Even though he was stepping down he pledged he would continue to actively take part in Association activities. Sorensen Leo Sorensen, secretary read the minutes of the August sum- mer meeting and also gave a financial report of the Associa- tion. He briefly outlined the work of the association the past year, re- viewed the growing season and gave an outlook for the coming- year. He reported that he felt the two major technical advances made in the tield last year were the encouraging results and data supplied by the use of the net ladiometers and the catching of fruitworm and tireworm millers in the black light traps. Wisconsin Film To Paris The new colored cranberry film on the Wisconsin Cranberry In- dustry which was made by the Dept. of Agricultural Journalism of the University of Wisconsin was shown by George Klingbeil, Ext. Specialist, Smali Fruits, Dept. of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin. The film about fifteen minutes in length was well (Continued on Page IG) C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHMET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Enformation Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C. LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Some Winterkill A highly acceptable respite in weather conditions was enjoyed after the first week in January. Temperatures failed to drop be- low zero, snowfall has been neg- ligible, and while Januaiy was a cold month, averaging approxi- mately half a degree per day be- low normal, it was a far cry from the frigid weather experienced in December. However, the severity of the cold spell en- countered January 5-7 will not soon be forgotten when temper- atures averaged well below freez- ing and gale winds lashed the en- tire area. George Rounseville and "Joe" Kelley have examined a number of bogs exposed to these winter-killing conditions and re- port that there is some damage as evidenced by an "off -color" ap- pearance of the vines, plus some leaf drop. The extent of the damage will not be known until the vines begin to "green up" this spring. The comment has been made by some experienced grow- ers that if exposed bogs were not damaged during the above period, the use of water during the winter months is highly questionable. Time will tell. Oxygen Deficiency Apparently oxygen deficiency conditions have not become crit- ical on an extensive acreage. We base this point on the numerous tests made by Richard Kiernan of the A. D. Makepeace Company, who has collected considerable in- formation on this subject during the winter months. He has found that the oxygen content on some flooded bogs has dropped to a critical point but the water was immediately removed to correct the problem. The acreage in- volved has been limited. We ap- preciate the information received from Mr. Kiernan. Vine Pulling There is another point regard- ing winter difficultie.s that cannot be appraised at this time. We are referi'ing to "vine-pullinii,'" damage that occurs when vines are frozen into the ice and the ice shifts its position during periods of thaws and heavy rains. There is some evidence that this type of damage has occurred in January and early February, but again we will have to wait until spring to determine the extent of such injury. Charts in March The cranberry insect, disease and weed control chai'ts have been revised and are now being printed. The county agents will mail tho new charts to growers in March, acompanied by a circular letter outlining the major revisions and items for study. The experience and observations of growers who assisted with this work was a tre- mendous help as usual. We will discuss the major revisions in these charts in the March issue of Cran- berries. Growers are reminded that plans did not call for a re- vision of the fertilizer chart, so their 1958 copy should be retained There is a limited number of fer- tilizer charts available at the county agents' offices or at the Cranberry Experiment Station for those who have misplaced their copy. Amino — No Change No approval has been received for the use of Amino Triazole during the pre-bloom period, which of course is a disappointment. Should approval be granted, grow- ers can be assured that they will be immediately notified. Important A pesticide a^d fertilizer qiie^- tionaire has been prepared by the writer with the full cooperation f 1 the station's staff and has been mailed to growers through the county agents' offices. We would like to have growers evaluate their reactions to present recom- mendations and learn, for example, what insects and weeds gave grow- ers particular trouble in 1958. It will require only a very few minute's time to fill out the ques- tionaire and return it in the ad- dressed envelope provided for this junpose. No postage is required. The infoi-mation collected will be extremely useful to the station's staT, the county agents, and ul- timately to growers. We hope to have a summary of the results of this survey for the March cran- berry club meetings. Conservation Growers are reminded of the assistance they may receive under the 1959 Agricultural Conservation Program. Financial and techni- cal assistance is available for the construction of ditches, dikes, drainage systems, and certain forestry practices. The Soil Con- servation technicians. Agricultur- al Conservation Program field men, Forestry Service personnel, Farm Credit representatives, and county agricultural agents are working as a team to help growers in these cost sharing programs. The dead- line for enrolling is March 1st. FOR SALE Six Acre Cranberry Bog Near Harwich Center 1958 Crop — 399 Barrels Unfailing Water Supply Price $14,000 With the industry on the vipswing, bog should pay for itself in less than five years. Write or Phone Owner LDEN C. Brett 96 Fletcher Rd. Belmont, Mass. iVanhoe 4-5351 Thre« ?%r? FROST CONTROL 'er^ Now, protect your crops from frost damage with Buckner's greaf new Frost Control Rainer, the first top quality sprinkler designed specifically to combat frost damage, give you full crop profits. Small nozzles cover extra large diameters, up to 120 feet, with a fine curtain of water. This new Frost Control Rainer has Buckner's famous GDG Bearing*, the only bearing with three washers at both top and bottom of bearing for extra protection from sand, longer sprinkler life and positive rototion. •Pol, fiT.e Massachusetts Experiment Station under the supervision of the late Dr. Henry J. Franklin. There could scarcely be better basic training than that. While attend- ing high school, he wrote a thesis on cranberry bog insects and speci- mens were preserved in formalde- hyde and others were mounted; liese are still on display at the Wareham High School chemistry lab. After graduating from high school he attended the University of Massachusetts where he was a member of the Student Council. His activities outside the world of cranberries include currently serving as the vice-chairman of the Wareham School Committee of whic h he has been a member for tlie past eight years; and a form- er member and chairman of the Finance Committee, both civic mat- ters of importance in town affairs. Gibby was the instigator in the formation of the Wareham Little League, being elected as its first president and serving in that capa- city for three years. He is a mem- ber of Social Harmony Lodge, A.F. & A.M., Wareham, and has attain- ed the 32 degree. He is also active in the Community Associates, a local organization for civic better- ment. He lias held the office of president of the Southeastern Massachusetts Blueberry Growers' Association, a group of some 40 or 50 members. Mr. Beaton's interest extends beyond cranberries for he has serv- ed as a member of the Board of Trustees Plymouth County Aid to Agriculture, and presently is a director of the Plymouth County Farm Bureau. Cranberry Positions To get to his official cranberry positions — as well as being secre- Photo, taken about 1911 shows Thomas Gault starting for the bog for a day*s picking. Mr. GauU is driving, beside liim the small boy is Elliott and the infant is "Gibby." Eight tary of the Cape Association, he 1b secretary and treasurer of the Southeastern Massachusetts Cran- berry Club, which meets at Ro- chester and is the largesft of the four state groups. The Marketing Committee, of which Gibby is also secretary, has been active in working to obtain a Marketing Order. Several trips have been made to Washington, where he testified before Congres- sional committees in behalf of those in the industry w^o desired such an order. Mr. Beaton feels very confident that with good sound marketing the cranberry in- dustry will once again be a profi- able enterprise to be engaged in. Numerous cranberry-grower dis- cussion panels have been held lo- cally where Mr. Beaton has spoken on many subjects pertaining to cranberries. His views are always listened to with respect. Gibby is a man who has tlae knowledge of the cultural side of cranberry growing as well as the marketing end, which enables him to present a rounded picture of the cran- berry industry. Gilbert has now been with Na- tional Cranberry Association for tile past three years, working at the Hanson office, currently his . title being assistant sales manager fresh fruit. Lester F. Haines is Chicago sales manager. For one year he was employed as Eastern manager for Eatmor Cranberries with an office in Plymouth. Pre- viously he had been with Beaton's Distributing Agency serving as its vice-president and the J. J. Beaton Company in Wareham for twenty- five years as Superintendent of bog management and the packing plant at South Wareham. He is a nephew of the late John J. Beaton, recognized as one of the most powerful and largest growers in Massachusetts. Visits have been made to every cranberry-growing area, including Nova Scotia, with the exception of the West Coast. He attended his first fruit grow- ers' convention in 1933. Grower Gibby is a cranberry grower in his own right. With Vs practical background in the business he knows cranberry cultivation from, peat in the bog bottom to the vines on the top and down to the bottom of the ditches, cranberry weather, frost and its control, irrigation, and the value of many of t^e varie- ties. His personal interest in bog property are first, the Piney Wood bog at the Cai-ver-Plymouth bound- ary, which is owned jointly with his brother, Elliott, who is the pro- prietor of a grocei-y business, and his brother, Kennetli, who manages a cranberry growers' service busi- ness. This growers' service com- pany, which, incidently, is a part- nership between Kenny and Gibby, takes charge of several other grow- ers property by sweeping, dusting and spraying for insects as well as harvesting. The acreage being serviced is approximately 1000 acres. Piney Wood property has an ex- cellent water supply with a series of three reservoirs connected by canals witii a pump driven by a 50 horsepower electric motor enabling them to take all of the water that is used on the property and pump it back into the reservoirs. Blueberries Second is the K-G (Kenneth and Gilbert as might be surmised) lo- cated on Route 28, Wareham, orig- inally built by the late Norman Hudson. Here again, Ruth keeps the accounts for tlie two men. Ad- joining this bog is a cultivated blueberry patch with the three main varieties being grown — Rub- els, Pioneer and Jerseys. Gibby started raising blueberry plants from cuttings in 1933 and feels very confident that blueberries in suitable land adjoining cranberry property in Massachusetts would be a source of additional revenue to the cranberry grower. The third property is the "Three B" owned by "Kenny", "Gibby" and tiaeir father, Peter. This owner- ship is situated in both Wareham and Falmouth. The Wareham pro- perty was formerly owned and built before 1900 by their grand- father, the late Thomas Gault. The varieties grown here are Early Blacks and Howes. Besides putting in many licks at golf wlienever leisure warrants, Gibby likes to hunt and fish. He is the secretary and treasurer of the Red Cedar Fox Club (which probably involves more bookkeep- ing for Ruth). It is amazing how "Gibby" and Ruth find the time to engage in so many activities of such varied nature. We've all heard of the saying, "Busy as a Cranberry Merchant," and that is true of Gibby and Ruth. This efficient "team" seems also to prove the old adage that goes more or less, "that to keep youthful and happy is to keep busy." A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Nine At hand picking on the bog: Thomas Gault, Gibb y's grandfather, Alice Crane, Gibby's mother, Clara (Gault) Beaton and his grandmother Mrs. Thomas Gault. Mass. CJybs G Views Of Last Year And Of '59 Both Culture and Marketing Angles Are Discussed Looking back over 1958 and to 1959 and the future could prop- erly be termed the agenda of Jan- uary Massachusetts club meet- ings (13th, Upper Cape; 14th, Lower Cape; 20th, Southeastern and South Shore.) That these were largely attended may at- test to a revival of industry, hope foi- much improved financial re- turns in the near future, and more than a measure of satisfaction in returns that the past year brought. Principal speakers were Am- brose E. Stevens, general man- ager of NCA and its director of adivertising and promotion, H. Drew Flegal and Dr. C. E. Cro.ss, director of Massachusetts Cran- berry Experiment Station. Dr. Cross' statement, that Mass- achusetts crop prospects for 1959 seemed at the moment reason- ably good, and might be expected to be about the Massachusetts' 10-year average of 530,000 bar- rels, that he did not believe the early January winter-kill condi- tions may have been too serious and he hoped the remainder of the winter might be more moderate were reassuring. (The text of his address appears elsewhere in this issue.) Mr. Stevens in a factual talk, after saying he now felt more fa- miliar with cranberry growers and the cranberry industry, made some statements which were re- assuring; others perhaps less so. One of the latter was that the 1958 pool could probably not be closed until about December 1, of this year, when the la.st berry was .p;one and the total amount per banel to growers could be deter- mined. This return, it was reas- onable to expect would be com- parable to the 1957 pool figure, he said. NCA, he said, from a financial angle, is stronger than in a num- ber of years. NCA management under the board of directors is now working on a 5-year plan for the utmost possible efficiency all along the line. Improvements, especially in the handling of empty boxes should be made at both the Hanson and Onset plants. A new press is needed and needed badly. Addit- ional freezing space is also called for, also additional warehouse space. NCA, it must be noted, is handling a currently increasing proportion of the crop. Those and other improvements could ob- viously not all be done at once, he said, but it was hoped to make Ocean Spray processing operations second to no plant doing the would decrease costs, same type of operations. This He said the accounting system was now going like "clock-work", the machines were being fed ad- ditional "copy" and a saving in time, thei-efore money, was being achieved. "In the head of our research, "Bill" Hampton, we have a real pro. He could be working on 30 or more projects, but he is being Teu imited to two or three to which le can give undivided attention. Ne want to improve our whole auce. We now have a business pproach to our research." Mr. Stevens said NCA as a farm- ?rs' cooperative, could raise mon- ey for increased capacity in only one way, that being through the retain of its members. The fair- est proportion seems to be 50 cents per barrel. He compliment- ed growers in general in consis- tently producing more berries from less acreage. He said he \\:as convinced there was a much better feeling in the trade and referred to a card sent out Friday of each week of the fresh fruit season to Ocean Spray brokers, and trade, and also to competitive jcranberry distributors. This list- ed prices, varieties available and gave a 10-day guarantee on the F. 0. B. price of NCA fruit. Flegal Mr. Flegal, making his first ap- pearance before Massachusetts clubs clearly explained the NCA advertising plans and what re- search has revealed about various phases of marketing He told how the slogan that cranberries are the "natural mate for every meat", should be the best adver- tising idea to sell more cranberries. He pointed out that meat is eaten almost every day in the year by most people and if they are given the idea that cranberries add to any meat dish, any day of 'the year, more cranberries will be sold. He said this might be call- ed an extension of the idea cran- berries "go" with turkeys and chicken. Yet, he said, turkey and chicken are not bought every day in the year as is meat, so that the idea of cranberries and meat, not just poultry, should be put over. This thought is being put out by I seasonal magazine advertising, [newspapers, radio, television and j through sales promotions in mar- kets. January and February are months when the consumption of meat falls off due to after-Christ- mas, year end bills and other factors. A new booklet is now available to purchasers of Ocean Spray which explains how sav- ings may be made in buying cer- tain grades of meat, by slicing at the table, or other ideas which may help increase meat sales and that cranberry sauce should go with the meats bought. Ocean Spray sauce is now avail- able in 94 percent of all groceries in the country and 99 percent of all chains. He said that to make the cran- berry business a better one is to induce more people to eat more cranberries throughout the year. The idea is simple and "old" but difficult to put into effect, and that NCA was doing its best through professional promotional tactics, he added. Growers, he said, must not ex- pect to have fewer cranberries to market each year, but more, as cranberries, like practically every other agricultural product, are on the increase. He said he expected to see a national yield of a million and a half barrels or even more. Mr. Flegal's talk was accomp- anied by slides, graphs, advertis- ing in color reproduction and movies. There followed the new excellent color movie of the in- dustry in Wisconsin. Institute Elects 1959 Officers The Cranberry Institute met at Hanson, Massachusetts January 13 and 14th, holding annual elec- tion of officers. Those named were Orrin G. Colley, Duxbury, Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc., president; Vernon Goldsvi^orthy, Cranberry Products Incorporated, Eagle River, Wisconsin; Marcus M. Urann, Hanson, vice presidents, and Gilbert T. Beaton, Wareham, Mass., of NCA, secretary-treas- urer. Future plans were discussed. Officers are also directors. EDAVILLE THEFT Two men have admitted to stealing a safe at cranberry- famed Edaville at South Carver. Safe reportedly contained $12,000, and the break occurred after the Christmas holiday. The men were given 3-5 year sentences, and the safe has been recovered but not the money, which included checks. CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKIN6 Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness («S) CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY ♦...♦ 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® com oil • KARO® syrups • BOSCO® chocolate flavored syrup NIAGARA® Instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO® corn and gloss starchw g'l?vf» Survey and Outlook for Mass. Growers by Dr. Chester E. Cross Head Massachusetts Cranberry Station In 1957, Massachusetts cran- berry growers raised a larger than average crop of 563,000 ban-els. This was the more remarkable be- cause it was raised during a season of exceptional drought, and the crop was further seriously cur- tailed by frost (chiefly on May 17, 1957) with the heaviest losses occurring in Barnstable County. The chief factor in the weathei promoting a good crop in 1957 was the sunshine of 1956 which measured 248 hours above nor- mal at Boston. Sunshine Build-up The 1958 crop in Massachusetts, according to the latest U.S.D.A. estimates, stands at 610,000 bar- rels. This is the second largest crop in the history of the state and is especially noteworthy be- cause it was raised on only an estimated 12,900 acres. This acreage represents the smallest area in cultivation since 1905 and is 2109 acres less than was com- mercially operated 10 years ago. The almost constant sunshine oc the drought months of 1957 pro- vides the key to the heavy croi. For the first time in history ov r .SOOO hours of sunshine was record- ed in one year at Boston, the ac- tual figures showing 3912 horrs for 1957 or 456 hours above the 50-year average. As Dr Franklin showed long ago, the sunshine rf the previous year is the chief weather control of the cranberry crop in Massachusetts. The Ion.'- drought of 1957, which hurt that year's crop by about 40,000 bar- rels and which dried and burned some cranberry vines so severly that growers despaired for the next crop as well, actually built up the reserves for the second largest crop in our history. What of the keeping quality of these two interesting crops? On June 1, 1957, the Cranberry Sta- tion issued a keeping quality fore- cast for generally poor fruit. Only 4 points of a possible 10 stood in favor of good keeping, and the following month of June was 4°F. warmer than normal — a factor which lost another 2 points. About 700 acres of bog were treated with fungicides in 1957 — too small an area to have any significant eff"ect on the Mass- achusetts crop as a whole. One further element contributed to the picture. Since Dr. Zuckerman joined the staff of the Cranberry Station about three years ago, he has made a serious effort to de- termine the relative keeping qual- ity of "early-water" and "late- water" cranberries. It appears from his studies that "late-water" fruit is not always superior to "early-water", and further, that in 1957 there was very little real difference in the keeping quality of "early-water" and "late-water" berries. To summarize: the keep- ing quality of the Massachusetts crop in 1957 was poor, and shrink- age in storage was heavy, because '^^eather factors were against it, little fungicide spraying was done, and the "late-water" fruit failed to stand up to expectations. Fungicides On June 1, 1958, the Cranberry '■t-Z'on felt compelled tj issue the rame forecast of poor keeping quality as had been issi:ed the year before. Again there v/ere only 4 '"oints of a possible 16 favoring ,'^ood Piality. Growers and ship- -ers aMke now know that the -TPat crop of 1958 was actually fair to good in keeping quality rnd that shrinkage losses were 'ar below those of 1957. Why? To begin with, the month of June, 1958, was over 3°F. below nonnal, making the score 6 points out of 18 in favor of good keeping fi-uit. In the second place, about 3000 acres of Massachusetts bogs were sprayed with fungicides in 1958. Since growers who were accepting the additional cost of this pract- ice wanted a maximum return for the investment, it is only reason- able to suppose that treatments were made on the most product- ive bogs. So, although only one- fourth of the acreage was treated with fungicides, probably one-third or more of the crop was so treat- ed. Finally, 1958 seems to be one of those years when "late-water" had a distinct keeping quality ad- vantage over the "early-water" berries. It is generally known that ripening was slow for the 1958 crop, and "late-water" fruit regu- larly colors more uniformly than "early-water". Herein we may have some suggestion of the reas- on for "late-water" doing better in 1958. Congrptulations Due Growers In general, then, growers are to be congratulated for raising two large crops in years of almost opposite weather characteristics; and the improvement in quality of the '58 crop over that of the year before is in part at least a tribute to their own efforts. For the present situation — we are having a winter of greater severity than we have seen for a long time, and much more severe than we had anticipated. It re- presents the first time we have noticed a severe winter following a warm April and a warm Novem.- ber. December was very cold, but what snow fell gave us longer pro- tection from winter killing than usual. Sub-zero temperatures were recorded several times in Decem- ber, but winds did not bloAv con- sistently and we do not think any winter-killing occurred then. January is another matter. As of the present time, (late in Jan- uary) the only dangerous period seems to have been January 5, 6, and 7, when the wind howled day and night and the temperature remained in the teens during the day and the single numbers at night. These were surely winter- killing conditions. But we usual- ly figure that our Aines can stand 48 to 72 hours of such weather. At present, and knowing that large areas were exposed to these con- ditions, we are inclined to think that some vines are winter-killed, that our crop potential for 1959 Twelve has been cut by at most 10 perc- ent. But it is difficult to ap- praise the amount of damage — we will know much more at "greening--up" time next April. But winter-killing occurs slowly over a period of days and hours. While frost holds the roots in check, preventing the replacement of water lost from the leaves and stems, the danger continues. So, if growers can continue from time to time to pump sojne' water onto their bogs (providing, ' of course, that freezing conditions persist), they will be helping their vines to survival even if it remains impossible to get them fully under water or ice. 1958, Wet, But Not Dark Most of us will think back to 1958 as a wet and dark growing season. It was, of course, fully as wet as 1957 was dry; but it was not a dark year. Actuall^,Boston measured 79 hours of sunshine above average, to give a push, albeit a small one in coniparison to the last two, to the 1959 cran- berry crop. Further, in those months When the sunshine counts .most toward our crop,' May, Aug- ' u'st, September and Nbvember of 1958, the records show 82'' 'Hours in excess of normal. While such a tally is small when compared to the build-up prior fo" the '57 and '58 crops, it surely indicates a prospect for 1959 that is at 'lig'dst average. If this is so, and if Vv"int8r-killing- has not damaged the prospect seriously, then 550.000 barrels is not an unreason- able figure for the coming crop. Sprinkler Control There are, barring further cold v.eather problems, just two major hurdles between Massachusetts r rowers and their 1959 crop — frost and insects. Such a statement . should be regarded with special at- tention as coming from a weed man. But if we are not mistaken, there is more cranberry money jingling in growers' pockets .now than for several years,, and it would seem most appropriate that some of this new money should go toward solving these two ma- jor problems. During the last several years, pumps &nd their engines have not received more than the repairs absolutely neces- sary to keep them operative. Flumes have been patched on a temporary basis, but many are so weak that a full head of water might wash them out. Perhaps you have often dreamed of a sprinkler system for Some piece of b.og that has too small a water supply for rapid frost protection. The time. seems at hand to convert such drea,ms, into firm plans, an-.l as funds are available, purchase portions of the desired system. It has fairly weir been proved that 50 gallons per minute per acre is sufficient to give frost protection. We are in process of demonstrat- ing that the low-gallonage sprink- ler can do excellent work in con- trolling insects, give needed irri- gation in summer, and possibly be used to spread fungicides. Some of your cranberry money should be spent on. your water-handlin.o' facilities. The 1956 survey show- ed that only two-thirds of the Massachusetts cranberry acreage has full frost protection. Some- thing should be done about it, and now is the time. Prpffessor Tomlinson was asked last week if in five years it would be possible to recommend a low- gallonage, concentrate insecti- cide or a pelletized insecticide for all the cranberry insects. He said, "yes". This would indicate the desirability of the grower owning some equipment for low-gallonag'^ applications. All must have had the experience of finding insects on the bog and encountering weather conditions which kept the aircraft grounded. It would be very help- ful to be able to treat "hot spots" of black-headed fireworms with grower-owned equipment — almost regardless of weather conditions. Some of the new cranberry monev should be spent in such a direct- ion. Harvesting Hurdle Now to conclude. If we survive the hurdles of frost and insects and raise a crop of 550,000 barrels or better, let us approach the har- vest carefully, like good business- men. The frantic efforts of for- mer times to obtain scoopers, to keep unnecessary personnel on the payroll all summer to have them available as scoopers in the fall is a thing of the past. Ma- chines pick faster than scoops and are far less tempermental! But machines are no better than their operators, and there is no longer any excuse for careless machine operation. Considering that for twelve long months growers have fought weeds, weather, insects and all other hazards to the crop, it is often an appalling sight to see picking machines at work on the bogs before the fruit is ripe for harvest, before the dew is off the vines in the morning and bouTS after scoopers would have aban- doned the sticky job in the after- noon. The result is badly bruised cranberries, often placed with damp green weeds into picking boxes for storage, and a hasty delivery to the shipping agent. Growers pick their crop in. 6 weeks, but it takes about 18 weeks to screen and prepare the crop for market. Thousands of barrels must be stored for months and to avoid serious shrinkage must be in good condition for this stor- age. Racing the machines not only batters and bruises the ber- ries but causes substantial loss- es right on the bog. Furthermore, a speeding machine cannot be guided on the straight and. narrow path, lens-shaped areas of unhar- vested vines are left. The care- lessness of our harvesting opera- tion is completely out of character Vv'ith our Yankee tradition and throws away the exhausting efforts and expense of the rest of the year in wanton waste. The mar- gin of p r 0 f i t in recent years has been narrow, a careful harvest could often change the color of the ink. MASS. CRANBERRY AREA GOT MOST 1958 RAIN Southeastern Mass., where, of course, the bulk of the Massachu- setts crop is grown had at least 8 inches more of rainfall in 1958 than the rest of the state. This has been released by the Mass. Water Resources Commission the region as a whole was deluged with 56.25 inches, 11.33 above normal. <■ 'J'hirt^efl MASSACHUSEHS IS BIRTHPLACE OF CRANBERRY INDUSTRY Concluding a series of articles sponsored by the Cranberry Institute, presenting statistical data about each of the major cranberry-producing areas. The fifth ia Massachusetts, with comments by Orrin G. Colley, President of the Cranberry Institute. Massachusetts cranberries were enjoying a lucrative market even before 1816 when Henry Hall experimented with cultivation and touched off a Cranberry Rush to Cape Cod. iSo much has been guessed and assumed about the early uses of cranberries in Massachusetts that it is not always easy to separate the facts from the fables, and so we turn to "The Cranberry And Its Culture" by B. Eastwood in 1856 for our claims. He wrote, "Long years ago (the cranberry) was used by the Indians, who in their way were extensively acquainted with the products of the soil; they gathered and roast- ed the unripe berries and used them as poultices, believing that when applied to the wounds made by poisoned arrows, they had the power of drawing the venom forth. Many a squaw of th? Pequods on Cape Cod . . . made a mess of cranberries to give relish to the venison they killed and cooked." Mr. Eastwood also supplies us with some interesting observations of cranberry marketing in the 1850's. In packing cranberries "it is usual 'to spread them out so that all the dew or moisture may evaporate. Then they are winnowed or picked over. They are packed dry in barrels and thus sent off. But in sending them to Europe or California, it is deemed best to pack them in water. "The American cranberry is coming into notice in Europe, but most especially in England. It is sold there in small bottles . . . We have seeen 'Cape Cod Bell Cranberry' sold at four shillings sterling in the Strand, London. "Boston is the great market the cranberry that growers have been visited by city dealers a month or six weeks before the berry had been ready to pick. Even the last season, growers re- ceived $10.00 to $15.00 per bar- rel." With such high prices and trad- ing potential, it was not long before Cape Cod's wastelands Avere turned into "singular-look- ing specimens of farming" and the Cranberry Rush was on. Lands considered worthless and rot worth taxing were suddenly bring i.i $50 to $100 an acre. "Wild catters" who did not give proper care to the planting and cultivation soon went out of busi- ness, but many more diligent speculators continued with suc- cess and gave Massachusetts a 1 oad start in canberry acreage. By 1900, 11,.SC0 acres were planted to cranbeiTy vines and cultivated bog land continued to increase until 1950 when it reach- ed a high of 14;80O acres. Since that time, because of economic conditions, smaller bogs were let go and in 1957 harvested acreage v/as down to 13,000. Massachusetts cranberry crops followed much the same pattern, building up from 200,000 barrels in 1900 to 610,000 barrels in 1950. However, production since 1950 did not decline with the acreage. The state had its largest crop of 690,000 barrels in 1953, and the 1958 crop was equal to the 1950 crop of 610,000 barrels. Increased yield per acre offset for cranberries. Of such profit is the loss in acreage, and process can be traced on the accompany- ing chart showing acreage har- vested and yield per acre from 1930 to 1957. The figures show that 1953, the year of the record crop, was also the year of highest yield with an average of 49.6 bar- rels per acre. As in past articles, 1939 is used as the 100% reference point for purposes of comparison. In 1957, Massachusetts acreage was 6% lower than 1939 while yield per acre was 28% higher. About% of Massachusetts cran- beiry acreage is in Plymouth County with Barnstable County second, and the two counties are often referred to as the Cape Cod area. Bristol, Nantucket and Middlesex are next in that order with a few scattered acres in Nor- folk and Dukes. Cultivated cranberry bogs range in size from ^^ acre to 200 acres or more and the average size hold- in,g, according to a survey made in 1966, was 13.7 acres. Massachusetts cranberry country is fortunate in its water supply and Plymouth County has 356 ponds or lakes within its bound- aries. Cranberry bogs, therefore, have ample water supplies, and 629f have full flowage protection. They can be flowed when neces- sary— fall, winter, spring or sum- mer. Irrigation is accomplished by filling ditches or flash flooding, but sprinkler systems are coming into use and protect about 1% of Massachusetts acreage. Massachusetts growers harvest j dry and, although the hand scoops are still used to some extent, about 75% of the recent crop was ma- chine picked. Early Blacks and Howes are th- main varieties raised along with a few McFarlins and other var- ieties. The Cranberry Experiment Station in Wareham is developing new varieties to produce better yield and quality. Because Massachusetts is the leading cranberry-producing area, it headquarters the industry's largest cooperati%ie, National Cran- berry Association, and is the home of several fresh cranberry ship- ( Continued on Page 16) ADV. Fourteen MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRY CROP 1939 = 100% Year 1930 1931 l432 1933 1934 1986 1936 1937 1988 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1960 1951 1962 1963 1954 1966 1966 1967 Actual Acreage Harvested 18.800 13,800 13.700 13.700 13.700 13.700 13.700 18,800 18,800 18.800 13,900 14.000 14.100 14.200 14.800 14,600 14,700 14.800 16,000 16,000 14,800 14,600 14,300 18,900 18,600 13,400 13,200 13.000 % AcreagjB Harvested 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 103 104 106 107 108 108 107 106 108 100 98 96 94 94 Actual Yield Per Acre 28.6 33.3 30.3 36.9 21.2 24.2 26.8 40.9 23.6 86.3 23.2 86.7 40.6 34.6 11.1 83.0 37.6 32.9 40.3 34.7 41.2 38.4 31.1 49.6 43.4 40.7 34.2 46.0 % Yield Per Acre 81 94 86 106 60 69 72 116 67 100 66 101 116 98 81 94 107 98 114 98 117 109 88 141 123 116 97 128 Figures from the United States Depatrtment of Agriculture % ISO' !H0- 130 no 110 too- 90 ?o no 60 so H0-\ 30 MASSACHUSETTS CRANBERRY CROP 1930 - 1957 A Comparison of Acreage Harvested and Yield Per Acre iMH Acreage Harvested • •■■ Yield Per Acre o % I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I — r 1 r 1 1 r .»>/,^' 32 33 3H- 35 36 37 3f 39 J, ^V> ^5 'fS Ht HS ¥6 ¥7 V? Vf I 51 53 53 St 55 56 57 1930 19W J950 Fifurae from the United St«te« Department of A|rnenltur^ ADV. Fifteen 5plng ftifencies and the Cranberry Insstitute. The Institute's mem- bership is open to all shippers of fresh cranberries. Organized to strengthen the fresh cranberry market, it has also strengthened cooperation among fresh fruit shippers to the benefit of the en- tire industry. Orrin G. Colley was elected President of the Institute for z. second term recently, and he states that the 1958 fresh fruit market was more orderly and stable this season than it has been for a num- ber of years. "Although the vol- ume of fresh cranberry sales was about the same as last year," be t^ays, "the demand stayed brisk at improved prices. The quality of the fruit was good and com- ments from wholesalers have been exceptionally favorable." Mr. Colley grew up in the cran- ben-y business and fresh cran- berry marketing is second nature. The family bogs are in Pembroke, Massachusetts, and he takes an active interest in their production. His experience in fresh fruit mark- eting has been with Colley Cran- berry Company in Plymouth, Hills Brothers in New York and Eatmor. He has been President of the Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative in Wareham since 1950. He feels that the future of fresh cranberries depends, in a large part, upon the cooperation of all shippers in the business. "We all have common goals," he says, "and we can obtain them together by constantly improving the quality of our fruit and marketing con- ditions." WISCONSIN MEET (Continued from Page 2) received. Klinbeil reported that there were ten copies of the film made, with a total of seven pur- chased by the Association and local shipping agencies. He men- tioned the film had shown in a number of meetings to date and was well received. He mentioned that one of the copies was sent to Paris to be shown at meeting there. Herbicides Dr. M. N. Dana of the Dept. of Hort., University of Wiscon- sin, gave a brief report on his experimental work using selective herbicides. He stated they were still working on getting clearance on the pre-harvest use of amino triazole, but it looked as if it would be delayed another year. He showed slides on data ob- tained in using simizan on annual weeds, showing that 2 pounds pei acre of the granular type gave good control on some annual weeds. He cautioned growers to expect damage if they used heavier amounts. He also showed slides on wide-leaf grass control using dalapon in the fall. He urged growers to try some early weed control work on young, non cropping beds and to also evaluate the fall w o r k they did with amino triazole and report any interesting results. Fertilizers Dr. A. R. Albert, Dept. of Soils, University of Wisconsin, v/ho retired last year reviewed the work that had been done in Wisconsin on experimental ferti- lizer plots. He stated that Malty did work in the early nineteen hundreds and Mussbach did work in the thirties. There was no work done in the forties, but in the early 50's he started work. He outlined the various problems in- volved in cranberry soil fertiliza- tion pointing out the big differ- ences in marshes, in individual n^arshes themselves and even diff- erences in individual beds. He sug- gested ^'owers make soil tests of their sections and apply fertilizer on that basis. He felt there was a definite need for fertilizer m most marshes and urged each grower to determine the best for his own marsh. He pointed out that Wisconsin uses the most fer- tilizer per grower and mentioned that all areas now use fertilizer, although each area uses different analyses. He said that although he was retired he still would be interested in cranberries and would probably stop around on a few of the marshes in the com- ing growing season. President Hewitt wished Dr. Albert a happy retirement and invited back to the meetings and thanked him foi appearing on the program and for the fine talk he gave. New Insecticide Law Hubert Holliday, Ass't. Statt^ Entomologist, spoke to the group r.bout the provisions in the new pesticide law governing use of chemical insecticides on forest and non crop lands. He stated that if the grower only treated his crop lands he was within the law as to securing permits. If he was going to use poison outside his croplands in amounts to ex- ceed 1 lb. technical per acre he should apply for a permit. Fungicides Earl Wade, Ext. Specialist, Plant Pathology Dept., of the University of Wisconsin, outlined the preliminary work Dr. D. M. Boone had done this summer with fungicides on two cranberry test areas. He stated that results were preliminary and that there would be no recommendations for the present. The test plots we^e located at the Biron Marsh and The DuBay Marsh. He felt that by the summer meeting, Dr. Boone could possible evaluate his work a little better. He thanked the group for consideration shown the personnel and asked for con- tinued support in the project. He showed slides which listed preli- minary results and he further discussed the various problems they encountered in the setting up of the plots and trouble with frost and hail on the samples. "Old Fashioned" Sauce Dr. K. E. Weckel of the Food and Dairy Dept. of the Univer- sity of Wisconsin was the prin- cipal speaker. Dr. Weckel has been experimenting with many forms of cranberry processed products for the past several years. He said there was much room for continued experimental work with processed forms, as basically we are still making cranberry sauce by an old fash- ioned receipe. He felt that there should be a great deal of work done with consumer preference work with cranberries. He also felt that there was plenty of op- portunity to develop some new products such as powdered for- mulations. He stressed quality of (Continued on Page 18) Hixtaen Cranberries !n North America By F. B. Chandler Research Proffessor, Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. The last issue of Cranberries reported the results of the surveys on various water subjects. This month will include the different insect, disease, and weed control practices in all cranberry areas of the country. A 1926 Talk As a background, the following is quoted from a talk given in Wisconsin by Bain about the con- ditions on the West Coast prior to 1926: "The big problem out West after the industry was started was insect control. In Wisconsin and practically all other cran- berry sections, most of the bad insects are controlled by water. They have no water there to con- trol insects with. After they had teen growing cranberries for a few years, in time for the black head fire worm to get a good start, it broke out throughout all their sections and practically wiped out the cranberry crops for three or four years. They are only now recovering from that trouble. They had to develop methods of control, and it took them four or five years to get the method developed well enough to handle efficiently, so for that period of time they had practically no ber- ries, and some marshes actually failed. At present they spray for the worm with very great success. It is hardly necessary to explain this method, because so far I haven't found a marsh in Wis- consin supplied with spraying facilities, or one that needed them. Every marsh of any size on the Pacific Coast has equipment for spraying. That is an invest- ment they must make. Some bogs are piped, with a central mixing and pumping station. Others use wagon sprayers driven on roads. All use gasoline outfits of some- type for pressure spraying. Spraying is not as easily done as flooding for control of insects. In the first place, where you can put on one or two worm floods and clean out an infestation for ona year, they must spray four or five times to do the same thing on an equal infestation of worms. That necessitates their going over the marsh every time they spray, dragging rubber hoses two or three hundred feet long over the vines several times dur- ing the growing season. I don't Cranberry Bog Weeds Listed by Sections (Most serious listed first) Massachusetts Oregon Washington rushes dandelion (fall) horsetail ferns running tussock* sedges asters yellow weed* fall aster poison ivy horsetail rushes loosestrife* grasses yellow weed* cutgrass asters dogwood* wild bean moss false Solomon's Seal green scum sedges grasses nut grass sorrel clover brambles lousegrass* buckbrush* golden rod alder alder willow ricegrass wild parsnip break fern dandelion nutgrass golden rod Running tussock is a rush, yellow weed and loosestrife are the same, dogwood is the same as the bunch berry found in Northern New England, buckbrush is spirea, therefor* similar to hardhack, louse- grass is a mud rush. think the average- Wisconsin- cranberry grower would like to get on his bog that much, but out there it is part of the day's- work. In the second place, spray- ing has to be done very care- fully. The times that they spray- are first when the vines start growth, again when the buds are in the hook stage- and once or twice after bloom." This describes the beginning of the use of insecticides for the control of all bog insects on the West Coast, and indicates how important water was in all other sections. Recent Surveys The recent surveys indicate that fireworm is the insect caus- ing trouble in all sections. In Massachusetts, Oregon and Wash- irgton, it is mort important, and in Wisconsin second to fruit- worm. The next four most troublesome insects in Massachu- setts are weevil, 1 e a f h o p p e r^ (blunt-nosed), spanworm, and' cutworms. In Oregon, the next* most important ones, in order-, are weevil, fruitworm- scale and' cutworms. . i -; Insecticides '^" ' The kinds of insecticides used in 1955 in Oregon were DDT and'^ Parathion. The Massachusetts survey gave a longer list of in- secticides used than other statesi,; and compared this list with thop6 reported used in 1946. In 1946, the most used insecticide was Pryethrum and it was 12th in 1955. In 1946, DDT was second and cryolite was third, with Lead Arsenate fourth. In 1955, the order was Malathion, DDT, Rote- none, Dieldrin, and Parathion. Also in Massachusetts, twice as many acres were reported spray- . ed in 1955 as in 1946. Fungicides The fungicide situation is some- what similar. Bain reported that Bordeaux was generally used for ; fruit rots on the West Coast prior to 1926. However, in recent years the fungus problems haVe changed. Oregon reports its most troublesome disease as twig blight, and next as fruit rot. In Wash-, ington, in order they are, red leaf spot, rose bloom, cotton ball, and twig blight. From the surveys it Seventeen appears that Massachusetts; sprayed for disease in 1955 about 11 times as many acres as in 1946. However, in 1955 Massachu- setts treated on a percentage basis less acreage than the other states repoi'ting. Massachusetts treated 8.8 percent, Oregon 18.5 percent, and Washington 75.5 percent. The fungicide used was only reported in two surveys — Massachusetts, 95 percent ferbam and 5 percent Bordeaux; and Washington, 74 percent Bordeaux and 26 percent other material. Weeds Weeds are important in ali sections- but those causing the most trouble vary from section to section. See list of weeds by sections. The West Coast has three iweeds not reported in the east, dandelion, dogwood and false Solomon's Seal, and many, if not all, of their weeds scsm to be more difficult to control. The two weeds quite common in Massachusetts which are not found on the West Coast are poison ivy and wild bean. The surveys shoiwed a petroleum product most commonly used as a herbicide; on the West Coast it ■was thinner, and in Massachu- setts kerosene. The next most used herbicide in Massachusetts was iron sulfate, in Oregon and Washington it was 2,4-D. The third most used herbicide in Massachusetts and Oregon was copper sulfate, and in Washing- ton it was iron sulfate. Equipment The equipment used to apply pesticides varies with the section and may be associated with the nearness of one bog to another. In Wisconsin, the marshes in AVood County are concentrated and there was greater use of air equipment than in other parts of Wisconsin. In Massachusetts, about 60 percent of the air work was done with airplane, and 40 percent with helicopter. Percentage of Acreage Treated Irom the Air and from the Ground by Sections'' Section Air Ground Literature u.sed in addition to that already cited, Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers' Asso- ciation, Fortieth Annual Meeting December 192fi Massachusetts 56 44 Wisconsin** 70 20 West Coast small or none large " The percentages may be re- lated to the concentration and size of bogs. ■•' Reported in the last survey, but data is for 1952. The per- centages do not total 100. WISCONSIN MEET (Continued from Page 16) the finished product and urged growers to take the best of care in handling the raw product, as that had a lot to do with the quality of the finished product. Meetings The group went on record to sponsor another booth this year at the Wisconsin State Fair. It also voted to seek extension of the frost warning service from May 1 to Oct. 15, instead of the Oct. 1 deadline and voted to parti- cipate in the frost warning serv- ice for 1959. In an effort to set definite dates for the two meet- ings a year, the members voted to hold the summer meeting the second Saturday in August and the winter or annual meeting the second Saturday in June. Com- mittees were appointed to watch for any legislation that might be detrimental to the growers, to try and secure a full time meterolo- gist oflFice to handle agricultural forecasting in the state including cranberries and a committee to draw up some plans for some type of recognition to H. F. Bain who retired Jan. 1, 1959. The group also voted to unana- mously oppose a bill authored by State Senator W. W. Clark which would require all packaged cran- berries in the state to show Wis- consin Grown on the packages and on the containers in letters not less than three inches high. Officers Elected Officers elected to serve in 1959 were Albert Amundson, pi-esident, John Potter, vice president and George K 1 i n g b e i 1 , secretary- treasurer. MASS. FEB. MEETINGS February meetings of Massachu- setts cranberry clubs were built around the theme of quality con- trol. There were panel discuss- ions led by Plymouth and Barn- stable county agents, Don Marino and Oscor Johnson, respectively. Dr. Bert Zuckerman gave a paper on fungicide treatments, effects on the crop of last year and gave recommendations for 1959. Dr. F. D. Chandler dis- cussed the effect of fertilizers and drainage on fruit quality. J. Richard Beattie and Irving De- moranville gave reports on the 1958 quality program and Mr. Beattie also told of the status of the fresh fruit market as he had found it in market visits. Archie McLellan, Hanson, was a panel speaker on Harvesting at proper stage of maturity, correct handling and orderly delivery to the warehouse, at the Plymouth County sessions and Arnold Lane at the Cape.. Other speakers in- cluded Louis Sherman on machine operation, and on the Cape Victor Adams, and "Link" Thatcher. (A more full report will appear in the next issue.) "CRANBERRY HIGHWAY" Activities continue in Massa- chusetts to have two main state roads in the Southeastern cran- berry area bear the names of "Cranberry Highway." These roads are routes 28 and 6A run- ning from Middleboro, where the bog region starts and is a junc- tion point for west and south ti'affic. Route 6A would be renamed as far as Orleans not far from the tip of Cape Cod. To make these changes would require state legis- lation. Reason for the change is the thought that the name "cran- berry" might attract tourists, and of course, would do the cranberry industry no harm either. WANTED Western Pickers (Used) Contact Oscar Norton Rochester, Mass. Tel. Rockwell 3-5385 '■■^f t^^ll ■■ ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 1959 VOL. 23 - NO. 10 JUMBLE OF THOUGHTS THIS IS a Jiodge podge editorial. In jumbling togetner the freak weather of 1958 and looking to the prospects of 1959 some degree of a picture begins to emerge. In spite of the crazy weather of last year, the second largest crop on record was produced and the second largest for Massachusetts., which will remain the major cranberry area for a few years more, at least. There are indications from several directions that the final historical figure for this crop may be even higher than the present 1,127,000 barrels. The estimate of Dr. C. E. Cross is that Massachusetts may have no more tnan the last ten-year aver- age, 550,000, rather than the 610,000 of '58. Wisconsin doesn't seem at present to be "talking big" either. But, NCA now has a big and worrisome surplus. Then tnere is the excellent sugges- tion of Cross that with the "riches" now jingling in the pocKets of the growers as much as possible should be ploughed back into the bogs. That this should largely concern water facilities (with more thought to sprinkler irrigation) was his opinion. He also said growers at harvest- time should not Pe stampeded into picking berries too light, which w^ould aid in the quality program. Growers are becoming better growers: Prof. "Bill" Tomlinson, Massachusetts, has not directly conceded the insect proolem has been "licked," but growers are gaining mastery. Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman seems to be proving growers can improve quality through proper use of fungicides. H. Drevv' f'iegai, advertising director for NCA, which hanales such a huge pro- portion of the industry crop is sound in saying more people must be induced to eat more cranoerries more often, and NCA program of "cranberries are the mate for every meat," couid be a very logical ap- proach to increasing consumption. He is also right in saying we may expect crops of a million and a half and more. National's Ambrose E. Stevens is right in saying Wisconsin is not the com- petitor of Massachusetts or any other state against any otner state. Our real competitors are the producers of other fruits which compete in the market with cranberry sales. CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wai-eham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, §4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey THE RESIGNATION from active duty of Henry F. Bain, now living in Wisconsin as announced last month removed from active participation in cranberry research one more scientist who had the justified respect of the industry everywhere. He has been one of those workers with a practical as well as a scientific approach to cranberry cultivation. He has the satis- faction of having contributed much of lasting benefit to the industry as in other fields of research. After so many years of service his retirement is, merited, but we doubt if his alert mind forgets cranberry growing entirely, and we hope he may make further contributions. Nineteen Fresh From The Fields (Continued from Page G) voirs was reported in excess of thirty inches. Craig Scott Craig' Scott, 48, died suddenly January 2o at his home near War- rens. He owned and operated the Scott marsh between Mather and Warrens. He served on the board of The American Cranberry Ex- change and also held a director- ship in the former Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, Sym- pathy is extended to his surviv- ing wife and four children. WASHINGTON '58 Precipitation 82.56 The 1958 weather picture was one of mostly warm days during the early xjart of the year and during the summer into harvest. A maximum temperature of 95° (June 21) and a mmimum of 18' February 27 and 28th were the extremes for the year. May 12th, 25' and the 13th, 29° freezing temperatures were recorded in the area which undoubtedly hurt the 1958 crop. Humidities ran from a maximum of 96% to a minimum of 33%. January and February were both mild months as was the first half of March. The last half of March and April were wet. November and Decem- ber were also rather wet months. The latter part of December sav^ a downward swing in tempera- tures with a low of 36°. Precipi- Hume Products Corp. Manufacturers of Grass Removal Equipment and Conveyors for Cranberry Growers For Information Write : Hume Products Corp. c/o Cranberry Products Inc. Eagle River, Wisconsin tation for 1958 totaled 82.56 in- ches. Jan. '59 Tough The year of 1959 started off like a lion in this area. A mini- mum of 10° was recorded on the 2nd of January with a high for the first four days of 45°. During this time the minimum humidity was 4SVt on January 3rd and the maximum was 86% on January first. January turned out to be a wet month with 15.21 inches of precipitation recorded. Some New Planting Some new planting is being planned this year. Cranguyma farms plans to plant a new sec- tion this spring. The Cranberry- Blueberi-y Experiment Station is planning to plant an additional acre of bog this spring. OREGON Southwestern Oregon cranberiy growers report a rather unusual winter so far. Only one light frost, which had negligible effect, and a season of very warm rains add up to the mildest winter for sometime. At this time, (Feb. 5) because of this the buds are farther ahead this year than can be recalled for several years previous. Vine growth also is green and full. Some of the growers have thib question in their minds, "Are the early enlarged buds presenting an invitation to unusual frost dam- age?" There are different theories advanced on tliis and the answer for Oregon growers will, no doubl, be given this year if we have severe early frosts. At a meeting of the South- western Oregon Cranberry Grow- ers Club, February 4, the follow- ing officers were elected: presi- dent, Don Hultin; vice president, Clarence Zumwalt; secretary- treasurer, Carol Hull. ^vV^^M B a "Ask 1 The 1 I 1 (i rower B Who 1 Itelongs" ■ INDIAN TRAIL Inc. 1 262 W. Grand Ave. | Wisconsin Rapids ■ B ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 .Wisconsin 1 1 To : HENRY F. BAIN "Our best wishes to Henry F. Bain on his retirement from active cranberry work and hope he can now enjoy some of the things which up until now he has not had time for. Wisconsin particularly and the cranberry industry nationally owes him a debt which can never be repaid. Wisconsin's rapid advance in the last few years has largely been the result of his efforts over a period of years in helping the Wisconsin cranberry industry." Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Tv/enty mfiU THE WISCONSIN growerI FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. *. Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES *********** Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY 1 FERTILIZER j FACTORY 1 LOCATED IN THE ! WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA < 1 KICKAPOO i 1 FERTILIZERS | 1 Stevens Point | CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis, Rapids Wis. MF€S. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G€tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL i 1 THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too It is available for those \ message to the Wisconsin \rho have an advertising industry Here's help with your biggest food expense NEW! I "Ho\A/ to save money on nneat" How to say?^^ money on meax .„ STRETCH VOUR MEAT DOLLAR •iz :t:i bSX"«eals merr,er O^anSp.^'-— ^„eae r.'Tn.Turs: r^ste for A 56-page guide to help you stretch your meat dollar ! ■ Packed with recipes for budget meat dishes! ■ Special cost-cutting hints! ■ Diagrams showing which budget cuts of beef, veal, iamb, pork, poultry to ask for! B How to carve for more slices and less chunks! ■ How much meat to buy per person ! ■ How to glamorize leftover meats! (Size: 5 3-4" x 8 3-4") deem Ocea^Sp^ OMnSem/^c auce the natural mate for every meati HERE'S HOW TO GET YOUR FREE BOCK Just send the labels from two 1-lb. cans of Ocean Spray to: Ocean Spray, Dept. C Box 850 New York 46, N. Y. Please send me copies of the new bccK "Hew to Save Money on Meat." I've enclosed 2 Ocean Spray labels for each. Name Address. City Zone State Free coupon with book! Good for 5c off on Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail! LYING A 520,00U,UUU A TtAK iinuu^ikt APE COD iEVf JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA Entrance to Cranberry Boulevard, Manitowish Waters, Wise. (CRANBERRIES Photo) 35 Cents MARCH 1959 ■'<* :> :-t''''>^''?*'*^ DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Macfiinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehoua* Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 KIMBALL 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for ©ranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARRIS Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AME5> Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Funjjicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company Anienean Cyanimid Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Lxperience m ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED 1^\PPI At bcieenhoust.5 Boss and Pumps Mean:; Satisfaction WAREHAM MA'?'^ Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Jersey Growers Annual Meeting Albert T. Andrews, Jr., con- vened the annual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation in Pemberton on Febru- ary 5th. Philip E. Murucci of the Ex- periment Station spoke parti- cularly about Sparganothis fruit- worm. This worm continues to be one of the serious cranberry pests and is usually controlled with Parathion and DDT. In preparation for changing condi- tions, Marucci has evidence that Diazinon and Endrin are also very good control materials. The new bacterial spray was tried and I'ound to be about 40 percent effective. This may well be promis- ing for some future development. Eugene H. Varney and Law- rence C. Raniere of the Depart- ment of Plant Pathology reviewed rot control for 1957 and 1958 and MARCH 1959 MARCH FORWARD INTO ANOTHER SPRING, AND ACTIVE SEASON, HAVE — ELECTRICITY — AT YOUR BECK AND CALL, IN YOUR CRANBERRY WORK "- IN YOUR HOME. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH Tel. Wareham 200 Tel. PIlgrim 6-1300 SHARON BOX COMPANY, Inc. ESTABLISHED 1856 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We WiSI Buy Your White Pine Logs, Either Standing or Cut * Highest Prices Paid * Sawmill located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon, Sunset 4-2012 showed that Maneb and Zineb are sufficiently superior to Ferbam to justify their additional cost. Donald A. Schallock of the De- partment of Weed Control recom- mended that for the control of grass and weeds in canals and ditches the choice of two mate- rials is available, namely, sodium arsenite and Dalapon. Sodium arsenite is cheaper than Dalapon and will burn off broadleai weeds as well as grass. It has the dis- advantage of being very poison- ous and the carry-over effect in the next year will be less than for Dalapon. Dalapon will kill only grasses. Both materials can be effectively rinsed out of the sprayer with water. Some recent magazine publicity has featured a mower adapted for cutting weeds under water with another device for raking under water so that the gathered weeds can then be forked out by hand. In discussing this equipment Thomas B. Darlington felt that he would rather drain the bogs, mow in the ordinary manner, re- move the weeds, then flood again. Experience may be a great teacher, but even it fails to teach some people. ^a m B.i!Hi!iH>iiHiiiniiiH:ilIBil{|Hl,IIH)i,|l WANTED GOOD, USED Western Picker REASONABLE S. H. MERRY WEST ST. DUXBURY, MASS. <>;H<'«iniHII'Vlli«!i!Hli'Hiail'lili:Hli CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mast. One Don't Lose On Harvest And Harvest Handling Ho>vr to Conserve Quality and Quality at This Point Stressed at Massachusetts Club Meetings Quality conservation was the theme of February meetings of Massachusetts clubs with good attendance at all four meetings. Producing good quality fruit was only half the story, it was ex- plained, and that conserving qual- ity all through hai-vesting and distribution process is equally important, and that careless opera- You'll never know what a field can yield until you use You won't ever know what your fields can yield until you try the remarkable premium ferti- lizer, Rainbow Plant FoocL Rainbow is several cuts above anything you've ever used be- fore . . tailored for our local soils and crops, and scientifi- cally designed to feed crops all season long. Put Rainbow on your own soil this year. See how much more a field can yield . . . when fertilized with Rainbow Premi- um Plant Food. Call us for full details. Ask Your Local Dealer INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. WOBURN, MASS. tions at these points simply will nullify effort and expense of grow- ing up to that point. In harvesting, it was suggested that a bog be pruned before pick- ing by machine for the first time and that the bog floor be made as even as possible; that small holes be filled in and even large ones covering vines completely if neces- sary, and that sloping cornei's be levelled up. A "picking pattern" should be planned before harvest starts. Louis Sherman, Plymouth, speaking at Plymouth County clubs declared in operating he had an individual "machine picking school," before he allowed any operators on the bog. He said a day before picking was devoted to this instruction and then the first day of harvest was devoted to a picker, "getting the feel of the machine." He said the first 6-8 hours of actual picking is the most important day and that by training and careful harvesting he gets 99 percent of the berries on his 50 acres. Operating a machine at top speed is one of the greatest faults in harvesting as it causes bruis- ing of berries. Heavy vine growth and deep, heavy crop and rough ground all call for slow speed oneration. Archie McLellan, plant superin- tendent of NCA, Hanson, said that one of the main troubles at the plant was the quantity of bruised berries. This, he agreed with Sherman, was that too many ber- ries came in not thoroughly dry, and this affected the keeping quality. Growers, he said could take more care in handling pick- ing bags. He said poor operators of machines were offenders, and these hurt not only berries, but vines. He spoke about picking too early, especially Early Blacks. He urged growers not to start too early in the day and not to work too late at night when vines and berries became sticky. He also agreed with slower operation of machines and he noted an im- provement in quality after a bog has been machine picked over scooping. Dr. C. E. Cross, Mass. Cran- berry Station said it had been the observance over many years that Early Blacks could be picked when beyond the green stage, even though not fully colored. But he urged the early picking of Lato Howes. Dr. F. B. Chandler asserted cranberry growing is now definite- ly in the age of the machine. He (Continued on Page 15) W. F. RUTTER INCORPORATED 19 CONGRESS ST. BOSTON, MASS. CApital 7-6377 INVESTMENT SECURITIES We will buy odd lots of the common and preferred stocks of The National Cranberry Association Two Mass. Cranberry $htm and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist The weather in February could be classified as cold and wet. No records were broken but it defi- nitely was a rather g-loomy month. Temperatures averaged a little better than 2° per day below normal, and rainfall as recoi'ded at our station was 4.16 inches or about one-half inch above normal. Total snow accumulation was 4.75 inches, which is below normal for February. The effect these conditions may have had on our potential crop is not known at this time. We do know that considerable "snow ice" accumulated on flooded bogs, cloudy conditions prevailed, and unless the water was withdrawn it was possible that oxygen defi- ciency conditions existed on some properties. We base this observa- tion on the many tests made by Richard Kiernan of the A. D. Makepeace Company. He has found that the oxygen content on some flooded hogs was consider- ably reduced in February, but ap- parently the acreage involved has been limited. Again, we appreci- ate the information received from Mr. Kiernan. There is evidence that some winter-killing damage occurred this winter, but the extent of damage will not be known until the vines begin to "green up" this spring. A number of growers have reported an "off color" ap- pearance of the vines, particularly where they were "roughed up" by the picking, sanding, and pruning operations. We will have more information on this subject, plus ice pulling damage, in the next issue of CRANBERRIES. It hardly seems possible that the spring frost season is only a few short weeks away. Plans are being made to continue the tele- phone frost warning service that is sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association. Frost applications have been mail- ed to growers who have used this service during the last several years. If there are other growers who would like to subscribe please contact Mrs. Ruth Beaton, Ware- ham, Mass., or the writer. In addition to the frost applications, growers have also received a questionaire designed to furnish our frost committee with some very useful information. A frank appraisal of the present system is requested. It will only require a few minutes to fill out this ques- tionaire along with the frost ap- lication and mail to Mrs. Beaton. We would greatly appreciate hav- ing these two forms returned by April 1. Many details are involv- ed in arranging the frost warn- ing service and the groAvers' coop- eration is necessary. The 1959 Cranberry Insect, Disease and Weed Control charts have been printed and mailed to growers through the county agents' offices. Extra copies are available at the county extension offices or at the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion. The major revisions and items for study in the new insect and disease control chart are as follows: Growers are urged to review the notes found at the top of the chart. This important sec- tion contains a summary of flooding practices, suggestions on concentrates, the use of the insect net and a new grub control table. The first major change in the body of the chart came under the section on New Growth. New treatments were added and includ- ed low gallonage ground sprays, aircraft applications of parathion aircraft applications of parathion (4 flowable), and a ground and aircraft application of 10% DDT plus 2% malathion dust. The tipworm was omitted from the list of insects controlled at this stage because of unsatisfactory results. In the Rough Neck to Hook Stage, the Blunt-nosed leafhopper and the Sparganothis fruitworm were omitted from the list of pests controlled at this stage be- Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three cause timing was not suitable for best results. A treatment was added for the control of girdler millers which suggests a 10% DDT plus 2% malathion dust at the rate of 60 pounds per acre. It is necessary to repeat the treat- ment for this particular pest. Under the 5% Bloom Stage, the Blunt-nosed leafhopper was added to the list of pests controlled at this stage. Growers are urged to read and observe the Warning outlined in red ink at the bottom of the chart. The 1959 Weed Chart received considerable attention. Shorten- ing and simplifying the old chart was definitely desirable and this was accomplished by grouping the weeds under a suitable timing schedule. It is suggested that the Notes found at the top of the chart be reviewed. The success of the recommendations depend on a thor- ough understanding of these im- portant notes. Directly under the notes are three important Cautions which should be carefully observ- ed. Under the April to mid-May Stage, a small error should be no- ted under control for haircap moss. 20 pounds of iron sulfate per sq. rod is the equivalent of one and one-quarter ounces per square foot rather than the 3 ounce rate indicated on the chart. The 3 ounce rate per square foot applies to the next line dealing witl: sphagnum moss where iron sulfate is used at the rate of 50 pounds per square rod. The No. 2 fuel oil and water white kerosene mixture as outlined in the chart is recom- mended for summer grass, poverty grass and bayberry, applied as a spot treatment. This mixture is also effective on other grassy weeds growing at this time. The section on Mid-May and June includes control measures or ditch weeds which have been divided into two groups Gut ' and grassy... Combinations ol Amino-triazole and dalapon is re- commended for general ditch weeds. No. 2 fuel oil is still excel- lent for grassy weeds. The After Harvest period in- cludes a recommendation for the control of wild rose using Stoddard Solvent. Hardback, cutgrass and nutgrass were added to the list of weeds controlled with Amino-tria- zole... Growers are reminded again that no approval has been received for the use of Amino- triazole except after harvest and as outlined in the chart. Plans did not call for a revis- ion or reprinting of a new fertil- izer chart. Growers will recal' that they were reminded of this A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., \m. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. fact and urged to retain their 1958 copies. However, there is a limited number available at the county agents' offices and at the Cranberry Experiment Station for those who have misplaced their copies. The response to our pesticides and fertilizer questionaire mailed out in February has been reason- ably good. We greatly appreciate the cooperation received but sin- cerely hope that many more grow- ers who have not filled out this questionaire will do so immediately and return it to their county agents in the self-addressed, jjostpaid envelope provided for this purpose. The results of a survey of this type, which is designed to check the effectiveness of the station's pesticide and fertilizer programs, will be most helpful to the county agents, the men at the station, and ultimately to growers them- selves. Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW FOR SALE Six Acre Cranberry Bog Near Harwich Center 1958 Crop — 399 Barrel* Unfailing Water Supply Price $14,000 With the industry on the upswing, bog should pay for itself in less than fiv« years. Write or Phone Owner Alden C. Brett 96 Fletcher Rd. Belmont, Mass. IVanhoe 4-5351 F«ttr Issue of March 1959 - Vol. 23 No. 11 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription J3.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-oflfice at Wareham, Maisachuaatts, under the Act of March S, IIT* FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. N E W J E R S E Y Flood water on cranberry bogs in New Jersey remained open for most of the month of February. This condition pertained despite the fact that the average tem- perature was 0.8 °F. colder than normal, which is 34.7°. This low average was achieved because of several extremely cold nights; there were twelve in which the temperatures went below 20 °F. and five when it dipped to below 10°. However these cold spells were never of long duration, as evidenced by the fact that only two days in the month had freez- ing temperatures all day long. The maximum temperature was above 50 °F. on eight days and above 40°F. on 21 days. Despite that there were serious floods in the mid-west and in nearby Pennsylvania, the cran- berry belt of New Jersey has been quite dry this winter. February marked the fourth consecutive month of below normal precipita- tion. Only 1.62 inch of rain oc- curred during this month, which is 1.15 inch below the norm. From November 1 through February 28 the total precipitation has been 7.71 inches, which is a deficiency of almost five inches over the four-month period. In contrast to last year, snow has not been troublesome this winter. A total of only 4.90 inches has fallen since November. The average snowfall here is about 16 inches per year. WISCONSIN February was the third consecu- tive month with helow normal temperatures and precipitation. Temperatures averaged five to seven degrees below the normal of 17.1 degrees. So far this winter southern Wisconsin has had 30 below zero readings, central Wis- consin 46 below zero readings and northern Wisconsin 54 of the same. Coldest reading of the month was on the second when temperatures dropped to minus thirty below in most of the cranberry areas of the state. Warmest was on the 22nd when temperatures rose to 34 in southern Wisconsin. As of the end of February there has been a -.80 inches of precipitation and the ground water level remains at minus 1.75 feet below normal. The entire state remains snow covered at the end of the month. Central Wisconsin received an additional ten inches of snow on the 8th to give this area a foot and a half for the most in the state. The northern marshes were still running below normal in snowfall for the winter. Frost continued to go down to record depths in the north and west where snow cover was light or below normal. Total number of minus degree days since January 1 now exceed four hundred in the cranberry areas. The extended forecast for March is for normal to below normal for both temperature and precipitation throughout the cran- berry growing area. Snow and cold weather continues to hamper sanding operations in the southern areas. Sanding pro- gressed favorably in the north as snow cover was below normal. Growers were still planning on continuing sanding operations in R. F. MORSE 6? SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicepter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Fiv« the south until breakup. It now appears that Wisconsin has experienced one of the coldest and longest winters in the past 30 years or more. What makes the winter seem so long and severe has been the continued snow cover over the entire state and consecu- tive below normal temperatures for the past one hundred days. Many old time growers remark that this winter was the most severe and prolonged in their memories. Some growers are re- porting frost depths of over five feet deep, which is the deepest they can ever recall. WASHINGTON The month of February has again been very wet. We have had sunshine about 10 days of the month so far. It has been rather difficult for some of the growers to finish pruning the bogs because of this. Maximum temperature for the month was 57" with a minimum of 24° on February 10th. Our minimum humidity was .58% on February 21st. The work progressing at th',) present time on the cranberry bogs in the Long Beach and Grayland areas has consisted main- ly of pruning, weeding bogs and clearing new ground for plantiniT this spring. Judging from the re- ports which have come in from the two areas a considerable acreage will be planted this year. The largest new planting will be at Oranguyma farms although many of the other growers are also planting additional bog. Here at the Experiment Station we plan to plant one additional acre as soon as the ground is dry enough. Of these plantings all will be of the McFarlin variety. During the past two years sev- eral trial plots of new varieties developed here at this station have been established. Numerous re- quests have been received from the growers for cuttings of these new varieties, which so far, have not been named, but the demand exceeds the supply. Included for trial have been small plots of the Stevens, Wilcox and Beckwith varieties. We hope to find new varieties that will permit us to retain the adaptability of the Mc- Farlin to our climatic conditions and at the same time permit much earlier harvesting. We have of the selections, which were made three years ago, one which seems to fill the requirements. We have not been able to obtain sufficient vines to make large scale plant- ings, however. I hope to do so within the next year. Our Experiment Station Ad- visory Board met on the 18th of February to discuss problems which face the cranberry industry in Washington State. Emphasis was placed on a more adequate fungicide program, a more thor- ough study of frost control with sprinkler systems, herbicide stud- ies and keeping quality forecast. The prospect of the next biennium budget was also discussed. Need- less to say the problems and re- quests brought up exceed our abil- ity to carry them all out during the next year. Our emphasis will be placed mainly on the three or four listed above. Ralph Tidrick has reported thai a number of bogs in the Grayland area have been sold. It seems to be a move on the part of the bet- ter growers to enlarge their holdings thereby obtaining a more economical unit. It has been ru- mored that one large bog in Long Beach has been sold too. MASSACHUSETTS March to date, (the 2.3rd) has been fairly favorable to the crop prospects for 1959. There has been a total precipitation of 4.72 inches. Of this there was snow of 7.9 inches. Normal for March is 4.39 inches. This may indicate a good buildup of water supplies for spring frosts if any occur, as they always do. The February factor for sun- shine was u-n. Indications still point to a "^lassac'^usottp cro'n of approximately 550,000 barrels. March 21 brought a hard rain with thunder and lightning. Spring weather should be ''just around the corner." APOLOGY If this issue reaches you la^e it is because your editor and wife have been on a vacation to Cuba and Haiti. And it was a rather strenuous trip. Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Hall CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRV PACK Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness (SS CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO* syrups • BOSCO- chocolate flavored syrup NIAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCC^ dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO- corn and gloss starches Six Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, Is Wilderness Wonder — Still Growing A Handful of Growers Around "Little Trout Lake" in North-Central Part of State Have Developed a Real Cranberry Community — New, Plenty of Water, Good Soil, Enthusiam. by Clarence J. Hall Manitowish Waters! The very name is distinctive and tbis is a cranberry development unique in the cranberry industry. The develop- ment is new — the growers are enthusiastic. Production is described as "fabulous" even by growers of other Wisconsin areas. The potential in production is really outstanding. Manitowish Waters with its seven properties is one of the reasons why Wisconsin is making such gains in cranberry growing as a state. In community closeness, in tte wilderness and newness of Vilas County cranberry growing, this north-central region suggests Gray- land in Washington State. But there is this difference. At Grayland most of the growers operate on a huge marsh divided into individual units. At Manitowish each marsh is separate, even though tbey all ring Little Trout Lake. Region Rich Peat Around "Little Trout Lake" All growers pump on their water supplies, they return it to the lake by gravity. The region is rich, peat soil around this lake. The area was one of the "finds" of Vernon Golds worthy, who bought up this entire area, which was originally known as Powell's Marsh. Already Manitowish Waters, on about 250 acres has added some 25,000 barrels to the total annual Wisconsin output. Total investment there is unusual- ly heavy — in marsh layouts, equip- ment, warehouses, handsome, new modern "liomes. A total figure of something like three-quarters of a million has been mentioned. These growers look ahead. Al- though there is no or little worry about water supply, a cranberry water company has been organized and water can be carried back from the Manitowish River to the lake througli a canal a mile and a half long. Any surplus goes to the Manitowish River and eventually into the Wisconsin. Area Unspoiled Wilderness Little Trout is in the township of Manitowish Waters. The area is one of the unspoiled sports- men's paradises of the North Woods. Powell's Marsh was wild- erness ten years ago, waste land entirely undeveloped. There were only foot paths leading into the lake. Little Trout is very deep. The water is acid, 4.5 Ph. and the surrounding peat has been record- ed at 3.8 Ph. In building the marshes, top cover, mostly brown brush was scalped, much of this material going into road m.aking. As for insects, perhaps fhe most troublesome is the black-headed fireworm. There were wild cran- berries growing there, and this insect was there. More were probably brought in with import- ed vines. Each of the properties has its own new warehouse, all growers own t^eir own equipment. Most of the acreage was planted to Searles Jumbo, a little to McFarlins. Endless Cranberry Land One 12-acre strip at one end of the lake was scalped by Lt. Col. Thurman Doman, who remains in service and has not yet carried his development further. Next to the Doman property there is a little rise. From this slight hill, it is possible to look out over seemingly endless acres of land whicia is described as all potential cranberry land, suitable in all respects and waiting only for development. This view is one im- pressive proof that there is plenty of good cranberry land in Wiscon- sin for future building. The woods are beautiful, mostly poplar and birch, gi'owing for use as pulp wood. There are a few timber wolves, gray wolves, lots of wild cats; black bear come out at night and feed at the town dump. This is an attraction for summer visitors, deer are so tame that som^e vacationists have tied red ribbons around the necks of a few of t'liese particular pets. Incidentally it was along one of these lonesome trails and in these woods that the late John Dillin- ger, gangster and his pals hid out while the manhunt was on for them from Chicago. Entrance to this cranberry wonderland is impressive and is designated by a sign at ihe en- trance "Cranberry Boulevard." The development now is only a short distance in from a main east and west highway. Let's take up these Manitowish Waters properties and growers one by one. The writer visited all the properties but did not find all the growers on their marshes. MacFarland Marsh A grower who had been with the Little Trout development since its inception is John MacFariand. Mr. MacFarland is a son-in-law of Mrs. Guy Potter, wife of the prominent Wisconsin Rapids cran- berry man so he had a cranberry background. He began working with Golds- worthy when the Manitowish Waters project was in the making. He dug the first big ditch with a power shovel. Starting in Feb- ruary 1947 he dug ditches and scalped 10 acres, the following year doing more. He did some work for nearly all the present growers, including that for Col. Dorman. He rents bees to the growers, having some 13 hives. For himself he operated 30 acres all of them being in Searls, and plans to put in 5 more. He has produced as high as 3100 bar- rels but considers his average 2- 3,000 barrels. He uses a Case picker. He was born at Rice Lake, where were located cranberry marshes. Howard Folsom Another marsh at Manitowish is owned and operated by Howard Folsom who, incidentally, was a classmate of Goldsworthy at the University of Wisconsin. He was a letterman in track and cross coun- try as was "Goldy." S^ven John MacFarland, Pioneer Folsom majored in geology and after he was graduated from the University in 1930 took graduate work in tb.at subject at Stanford University. He worked for some time in the geology fieM on the West Coast. In 1946, after five years in the Army, he bought his present loca- tion in Vilas County and estab- lished his marsh. As portions of his geology work had been in personnel activities, and he pre- ferred an out-door life he decided to go into cranben-y growing. He now has 30 acres set to Searls and averages about 150 barrels per acre. This past sum- mer he scalped and put in 10 more acres ready to plant in the spring. He plans to have 50 acres in vines before he considers this marsh complete. This is one of the earlier marsh- es around Little Trout and the property includes over a quarter mile of shore line on the lake. His sections average two acres and are laid out in bed approximately 125 feet wide and 1,000 long. Marshes are flooded by water taken from the lake by Lawrence pumps powered by gasoline en- gines which lift the water 2 feer into the bogs. Mr. Folsom has a new two-story warehouse 121 x 40 feet wide, which includes a fully-equipped sorting room and shipping room. This has a high, arched roof for ventilation. Other bog equipment include a dryer, two Getsinger pickers, Bean sprayer, Dana Clipper and hydraulic lifter and two crawler type tractors. Dryer is equipped with two fans powered by electric motors and bottle gas is used for heat. Adjacent to the marsh and fac- ing the lake is a new ranch-styled residence, there Mr. Folsom lives with his wife and two sons, aged 9 and 13. A second modern house is used for help. The Leasure & Roller Cran- berry Company is one of the top producers at Manitowish and is under competent, progressive man- agement. It is owned by Bert Leasure who is in the real estate business in Chicage and is one of the Wisconsin directors of NCA and Frank R. Roller, his son-in- law. Active marsh management is done by his son-in-law, Roller. Roller served three yeai's in the U. S. Navy, 17 mont'f^s of this being overseas, being in the am- phibias force making one amphi- bian landing at Bouganville in the Solomon Islands with the 5th Marines. He also served in the Armed Guard forces aboard mer- chant ships as radio operator. He is the holder of the Purple Heart and has two battle stars. Following his service discharge he took three years of cranberry training at Wisconsin Rapids in the "cranberry school," under the GI bill. Also since his return he has taken a turn on a merchant &■', ip for three months during the winter. Although one of the most intent of cranberry growers he still hopes to be able to put in some of his time at sea seeing the world. Due to his naval training he could serve as radio operator or in other capacity. He is an active amateur radio "ham' with t^:e call letters W9PJB. Also has a commericial radio operators li- cense. He is president of the Headquarters Shrine club, masonic organization of the north-central Wisconsin region. He is a member of the Commandery and Consis- tory of the Masonic Order. An interest of his is hunting. Leasure-Roller have 50 acres planted and this will be increased to 52 within a few years. Smallest production has been 2100 barrels and the largest to date 5600. The marsh had the highest average in the U. S. in 1954, that being 249 shipped barrels to the acre. The marsh is harvested with 2 Case machines. Keller's Interest Machinery One of Roller's chief interests is machinery. In the basement of a new warehouse is a well-equip- ped machine shop where he works out many devises and improve- ments to existing equipment, such as ditch cleaners, lift trucks, marsh maintenance pieces. A ware- house was built in 1954 but is out- grown and the new one is an im- pressive structure of two stories, 50 X 100 feet. There is a model milling room with 6 Bailey sepa- rators, two packaging machines and two heat sealers. The building is on the shore of Wild Rice Lake, where Mr. Rol- Eight uowara roisom ler IS now building- a new liome for himself, wife and ten-year-old son. Unique Feature A feature of the Leasure-Kol- ler property, which probably is not duplicated in any cranberry area, is the fact that the present home of Mr. and Mrs. Koller is located at one corner of the marsh and contains pumping equipment for frost and winter flooding in the basement. In this respect it rather suggested tbe home of a miller of ancient times situated on a stream which turned the wheels for his milling operations. The main canal from Little Trout Lake, 60 feet wide flows directly beneath the house. In the pump station are one Bailey pump and three Lawi'ences. Taese, powered by four diesels, 68.2 horsepower can move about 80,000 '•'illons of water a minute. Plans are to increase this battery to five pumps and five motors providing Tank Truck Service & High - Pressure Spraying WATER WHITE KEROSEIE STODDARD SOLVENT COLEMAN HEATING AND AIR CONDITION- ING Touraine Paints Hardware SANDVIK SCYTHES (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNION 6-4480 Carver, Mass. 100,000 ji-pm. "One thing I like about this arrangement" says Koller, "is that you don't have to worry if the pump is still in operation while you are away. I can sit in my living room and if it misses a beat you know it right away and fix it." Most growers will agree that is an ideal arrangement for a frost night, almost living room control of tU? water. Manitowish Waters was one of the Wisconsin areas hard hit by the ususual hail storms last sum- mer, loosing an estimate 5 to 10 percent of the estimated crop. As it was approximately 21,000 bar- rels were har\^ested at Manito- wish this past fall. Approximately 25 new acres are going in there this year. Manitowis'Ii Waters will ap- parently thrive and to continue increasing in crop potential at a rate that many another cranberry area may envy. (To be Continued) THE SHIFT IN FRUIT CONSUMPTION Data on fruit consumption in the past decade has several stor- ies to tell and they're all different. Fresh and dried fruit, for ex- ample, have experienced a sharp decrease in per capita consump- t'on since 1946. Frozen fruits and juices have skyrocketed. Canned juices show a slight decline, and canned fruits have maintained their level of consumption. While all this was going on, total per capita consumption went down between 1946 and 1950, then leveled off at about 200 pounds. For the past 8 years, there has been little change in the per capita consumption of fruit. Total consumption, therefore, has in- creased with the increase in popu- lation. (Agricultural Marketing) CRANBERRIES PROVIDES A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS Nine Disease Control and Storage Experiments In Massachusetts in 1958 By Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman Cranberry Experiment Station This article presents aspects of disease control. Table 1 shows the 1958 reseai'ch program of fungicide treatments and storage of cranberries. Although 1958 was generally a good keeping quality year, we were fortunate in having experiments on several pieces of bog where the quality was poor. This facilitated evaluation of the various treatments. New Chemicals and Combinations The result of rot control ex- periments with several new chemi- cals and chemical combination? are given in Table 1. Phaltan per- formed extremely well in these tests, reducing decay by 75''/r. Date of maturity and yield of berries on phaltan-treated plots were comparable to that of un- treated berries at hai-vest. This chemical shows promise and will be tested on a larger scale next year by both the concentrate and standard methods of application. One application of zineb follow- ed by an application of ferbam reduced rot by 56^;, as compared with a 66 9"^ reduction of rot by two applications of zineb on near- by plots. These berries colored well in storage. At harvest, the color of the berries was slightly better than that of berries from vines treated twice with zineb or maneb. Nabam performed better than that the glyodin-treated berries rotted more than did the un- treated berries. This was probably due to field variation of the plots. Chemicals were applied twice, the first application at about 59- bloom and the second approxi- mately 14 days later. Rate of application for phaltan, zineb and ferbam was 9 lbs. chemical/ 300 gallons water/acre/ treatment. Th-j rate for other chemicals was G qts. nabam and 3 lbs. zinc .sul- fate/300 gallons water/acre, and 3 qts. glyodin/300 gallons v/ater/ acre /treatment. Throughout these tests, and re- gardless of fungicide used, stor- age losses were uniformly re- duced by about two-thirds when samples were held in the 40 °F storage at Onset as compared with those held in common stor- age. Standard Fungicide Tests For the third consecutive year, tests were made of high gallon- age, fungicide treatments on tht permanent plots at the State Bo,.;. It is of interest to compare the three-year results on the Early Black plots (Table 2). Certain trends are indicated in this table as follows: 1. The quality of the berries in these plots was better in 1956 glyodin, but neither gave good than in the succeeding two years TABLE 1. Early water. Early Blacks, treated with new fungicides and fungicide combinations, 1958. Fungicide* Field rot % Stor.loss(%)-5«/2 wks. Common Cold" Totalloss (%) Common Cold Phaltan 3.1 2.8 0.8 5.9 3.9 Zineb and Ferbam 5.9 4.8 1.4 10.7 7.3 Nabam 10.4 6.0 2.8 16.4 13.2 Glyodin 19.5 9.0 3.0 28.5 22.5 Untreated 15.6 8.9 2.8 24.5 18.4 * Each treatment replicated five times. 40'F. cold storaire room, NCA Onset plant. Ten 2. Maneb has consistently given superior rot control. Ferbam and Bordeaux fell down badly in 1957, and zineb has given slightly poorer control than maneb in each of these years. Maneb has not been recommended to date because of two instances of burning of the flowers when concentrates were applied in 1955. This burning has not been observed in standard gallonage applications, and in no case has it been observed since 1955. Trends on the Howes plots were much the same over the past three years, but the degree of con- trol was not as good as that ob- tained on Early Blacks. Whereas maneb gave an overall 75-80% reduction in rot on the Early Black plots, the best control ob- tained on Howes with this chemi- cal was 50% in 1958. On Howes, zineb gave slightly poorer con- trol of rots, and the performance of Bordeaux and ferbam was erratic. Experiments on other bogs in which Howes were treated often resulted in better control than we have obsei^ved on our permanent plots. Concentrate Spray The area in which the concen- trate spray tests were conducted in 1958 produced berries of excel- lent keeping quality. This was most unfortunate from the point of view of our experimental re- sults. In this test two zineb treat- ments were applied at the rate of 9 lbs. fungicide/ 25-30 gallons of water/acre with a ground concen- trate rig. After field rot counto were made, samples were divided into two lots, one of which was kept in common storage and the other held at approximately 40 °F. A summary of the experimental results is presented in Table 3. Coloring of Fruit As reported in 1957, treatment with zineb and maneb may delay the coloring of berries. We de- layed harvest of our plots for 7 days beyond the normal hai-vest time for untreated berries. In some cases treated berries were lighter at hai-vest than untreated ones. A further comparison of the berries was made by the staff of the Cranberry Station and several Table 2. Field and storage rot on Early Black plots treated with four fungicides at high gallonage rates, 1956-1958. Fungicide* ,„d I, fiitt.Vt • liViT i«l'l •" >f VlWi ' " ~ Maneb i Zineb Bordeaux Ferbam Untreated Year F S T F S T F S T F S T F S T 1956 1957 1958 2.1 3.1 3.2 2.5 7.5 3.9 4.6 10.6 7.1 2.2 4.3 6.8 4.5 9.8 6.0 6.7 14.1 12.8 1.2 11.3 5.8 3.1 16.4 6.1 4.3 27.7 11.9 2.7 9.9 7.6 5.2 15.3 5.5 7.9 25.2 13.1 5.9 20.0 24.9 5.4 25.9 13.3 11.3 ^5.9 38.2 F = Field rot (7,) . S = Storage rot (7.) . T = Total (7.) . * Each treatment replicated 5 times. TABLE 3. Early water, Early Blacks treated with zineb by ground concentrate rig, 1958. Treatment '•= Sprayed Untreated Field rot % Stor. rot (7 wks.) Common Cold Total loss Common Cold 0.7 1.3 1.7 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.4 1.7 3.8 2.3 * Each treatment replicated five times. growers after the berries had been held in common storage for 6 weeks. They agreed that there was no significant difference in color between treated and un- treated berries harvested as above described and stored for 6 week;;. This experiment, carried out in 1957 and repeated in 1958, gave similar results both times. Retarding of coloration can be a serious objection to the use of zineb and maneb on cranberries if the grower does not take this factor into account in his harvest- ing procedure. Several courses of action may be followed to mini- mize difficulties, among them 1) plan to allow for a delayed time of harvest for treated berries, or 2) use a schedule in which one zineb spray is followed by one ferbam spray. These are the pro- cedures which currently seem to be the most helpful. Several growers report, and our experi- ments confirm, that zineb-treated berries often color as well as un- treated ones in the field. The search continues for chemi- cals which do not have this ob- jectionable quality; phaltan show- ing the greatest promise to date. Slightly reduced dosage of zineb and maneb will probably give comparable rot control, and may not retard berry development as much. Work planned for next year includes a study of reduced dosage rates of zineb and maneb. Common Storage Vs. Cold Storage A storage in which large quan- tities of cranberries could be held at controlled temperatures was constructed at the NCA Onset plant in 1958. During this past season, one compartment of this storage was held at approximate- ly 40° F and some of this space was made available for our storage tests. After taking field rot counts, all berry samples collected dur- ing the 1958 test series were divided into two parts, one part of which was held in the common storage at the Experiment Sta- tion and the other placed in the 40 °F room at the Onset plant. Samples were held for the same lengths of time in each storage, and then compared. Shortly after samples were re- moved from the 40° F storage, berries became quite wet due to the rapid change in environmen- tal temperature. The effect of this factor on the subsequent quality of the berries was not evaluated in these tests. It is apparent from comparison of the common and cold storage losses given in Tables 1 and 3 that berries in cold storage broke down to a lesser extent than those in common storage. An analysis of the figures given in Table 1 shows that the probability is less than 1 in 100 that this reduction in storage losses was due to chance alone. The evidence of this, and other experiments re- ported in the past, leads to the conclusion that substantial reduc- tion in storage losses can be gained through the use of controlled low-temperature storage. FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safety Controls^ 6" Flex-o-seal suction pipe and discharge fittings for each unit. L. C. SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. EJeveo Fresh Fruit Quality Studies 1958 by J. Richard Beattie, Project Leader and Irving E. Demoranville ^ Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Massachusetts The term quality has many meanings and interpretations as it applies to agricultural products. To many, quality denotes taste or flavor, while to others it has reference to texture, size, color and degree of maturity. Quality, as used in our fresh fruit studies, has even another meaning and refers to the soundness or shelf life of cranberries as measured by their freedom from insect, dis- ease, frost and mechanical damage. With this definition in mind, let us review the reasons for devel- oping the present study. Interest in extending the shelf life of fresh crartberries and in reducing shrinkage losses so pre- valent in 1957 reached tremen- dous proportions this past year. Conditions were favorable for supporting the Station's recom- mendations. Shippers and mar- keting agents were urging their growers to produce sound fruit. Large annual crops required that as many berries as possible be sold through fresh fruit channels, which still accounts for approxi- mately 45 percent of the United States crop. Massachusetts grow- ers responded by treating approxi- mately 3000 acres of bog, or about one-quarter of the state's acreage, with suitable fungicides compared with only 700 acres treated iif 1957. This was a tremendous accomplishment and growers arc to be congratulated. In view of this interest to pro- duce sound fruit, it was logical that some attempt be made to determine the value of fungicides on the keeping quality of the crop, y/ith this objective in mind, a control experiment was developed ■ 1 1958 to determine the effect ox ■ mgicide (zineb) and refriger.-i- r.on on the shelf life of fre?h canberries displayed in store ''. 'revious studies had indicate .1 CROP DUSTS For Aircraft App!Bcat!on are available on the Cape from R. C. MOSSMAN Horticultural Sales 30 South Main Street West Bridgewater, Massachusetts Tel. JUniper 3-9112 representing The HUBBARD-HALL CHEMICAL CO. General Offices: Waterbury, Conn. the desirability of such a project and one that could be closely supervised. Growers will recall that our quality control investi- gations began in 1955*. Methods An "early-water" section of the State Bog was selected for our purpose and included both Early Blacks and Howe?. Its past history had indicated that fruit rots were common and, therefore, Would lend itself to shelf life investigations. How- ever, for some unexplained rea- son, the presence of fruit rots at harvest and during storage on the untreated area was considerably less than expected, which should be carefully noted when reviewing the results of this particular study. One-half of the section was treated twice with zineb, using the Sta- tion's low-gallonage spray rig. The other half was untreated 'ind served as the check. Both areas were picked by machine in late September and the berries were stored in the screening room at the Station. Seven test lots, each consisting of the equivalent of six cases of packaged cranberries, were screen- ed at the Station, then transported to the National Cranberry Asso- ciation plant in Onset where the berries were packaged in cello- phane and placed in master cartons. The fi^'st l"t wa? sc-eened October 1 and the final lot Decem.- ber 23. Each lot included three cases of treated berries and three of untreated fruit. The splendid cooperation of Robert Pierce and his staff who assisted in the pack- ing operation is gratefully ac- knowledged. To simulate trans- portation conditions, the six cases were then driven around the area for a day by members of the staff during the course of their regular bog work. The berries were then delivered to tv\^o local stores, and one case each of treated and un- treated fruit were placed on dis- play, which included both a re- frigerated and a dry rack in each store. We were permitted to ser- vice these displays, collect weekly *Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. No. 501 Cranberries, Vol. 22, No. 12, pp 7-10, April 1958. Tw^ve samples and secure detailed in- formation on movement. Careful records on movement in the two stores involved showed that the small, family-owned and operated stores in the cranberry area move less than half a case of fi-esh cranberries per week. The only exception came during the Thanks- giving and Christmas holidays when movement was slightly over one case per week. The coopera- tion of the local merchants waa excellent. The final two cases were placed on display at the Station on a small refrigerated rack purchased for the study, and on a dry rack build for this purpose. The pack- ages on display at the Station were handled daily to simulate store conditions. Samples were collected and carefully examined from each lot at the time of "shipment" and weekly thereafter from each store and at the Sta- tion. Results - 1958 Seven lots of cranberries con- sisting of 4 Early Blacks and S Howes were screened and pack- aged during the season. Froui each lot, 4 to 6 one-pound pack- ages of cranberries were analyzed immediately after packing. These constituted the packing house samples. Thirty-six packing house samples were analyzed showing an average of 3.5 percent un- usable berries per sample. A total of 452 retail samples were analyzed during the period from October 10, 1958, to January 29, 1959. Of these, 259 were Early Black and 193 were Howes. The average percent of unusable ber- ries per retail sample was 26.1 percent. This figure includes all samples regardless of length of time stored, whether treated with fungicides or untreated, and dis- played with or without refrigera- tion. In Table I, the 452 retail samples are broken down into two groups, (a) berries treated and untreated with fungicide, regardless of the temperature at which they were displayed, and (b) berries dis- played on refrigerated and non- refrigerated racks, regardless ex whether or not they were treated with fungicide. The figures show that fungicide treatments reducea the average percent of unusable berries per sample about 1/5 or from 29.0 to 23.2 percent. Re- frigeration reduced the average percent of unusable berries per sample by 55 percent or from 35.9 to 16.3 percent. Table II No. % Unusable (a) Refrig. - treated 114 15.8 Refrig. - non-treated 113 16.8 (b) Non-refrig, - treated 112 30.7 Non-refrig. - non-treated 113 41.2 In Table II, the retail samples are taken one step further and divided into two more specific groups: (a) berries treated or untreated with fungicide and dis- played under refrigeration, and (b) berries treated or untreated with fungicide and displayed with- out refrigeration. The figures show that refrigeration reduced the average percent of unusable berries per sample, regardless of whether or not the berries had been treated with fungicide. Fungicide treatments reduced the average percent of unusable berries per sample about %, or from 41.2 to 30.7 percent when the berries were displayed with- out refrigeration. Table III shows the effect of refrigeration and fungicide treat- ment on the shelf life of the fruit. If we use an abitrary fig- ure of 20 percent unusable berries per sample as the point above which a package of cranberries will lose its appeal to the poten- tial purchaser, the following in- teresting observations can be made. Berries displayed with re- frigeration, regardless of whether or not fungicides were used, had a shelf life of slightly more than three weeks, while berries dis- played without refrigeration had a shelf life of slightly more than one week. However, we point out again the area of bog used in the test had reasonably sound fruit regardless of treatment. Additional information found in this year's study included the fact that 89 percent of all unusable berries were due to fruit rots, sub- stantiating previous work. The average weight loss per package of cranberries was about i/4 ounce per week. This varied slightly, depending on the temperature at which the berries were displayed. Marketing Trips and Observations In the course of this study, two trips were made to Cincinnati and Detroit to secure additional in- formation on the keeping quality or shelf life of fresh fruit, as well as information on movement, retail prices, and observations of the trade. The first trip was made in early November to inspect the condi- tion of Early Blacks as they neared the end of their normal season and when movement is customarily slow. Samples were purchased in approximately 10 stores in each city, and were carefully examined as to condi- Table III* Length of Time Displayed T{ ible I Iwk. 2 wks. 3 wks. 4 wks. 5 wks. No. % Unusable Refrig. - treated Refrig. - non-treated 7.0 8.2 13.5 14.1 18.5 19.3 21.6 22.6 25.6 (a) Treated 226 23.2 27.7 Untreated 226 29.0 Non-refrig. - treated 14.6 27.9 36.9 40.8 44.9 (b) Refrig. 227 16.3 Non-refrig. - non-treated 16.2 35.8 49.8 58.5 63.5 Non-refrig. 225 35.9 * All figures are percent unusable berries oer sample. Thirteen tion. Oases of fresh fruit were also examined at the terminal market. These inspections shower! a range of unusable fruit from 2 to 22 percent, or an average of about 10 percent, or slightly less than previous years' investiga- tions. The second trip was made to the same cities in early Decem- ber to secure information on the market clean-up after the holiday, shell life of Howes, prices and re- actions of the trade. Careful examinations conducted in the same manner showed a range of unusable berries from 6 to 31 per- cent, or an average of about Ifi percent. Most of the samples examined on this trip were Howes. Again this figure is less than those of previous seasons. The clean-up was excellent in each city, and retail prices averaged slightly higher in 1958 than in. the last several years. Many trade representatives were intei-viewed in each city and specific comments and observa- tions pertaining to quality, mer- chandising, price and movement of fresh cranberries were noted. The most significant point re- sulting from these interviews w" ■ the definite improvement in ovt industry's relations with the trade. This was due primarily to stabilized market conditions re- sulting from a firmer price struc- ture and increased confidence be- tween shipper and buyer. Summary of 1958 Study 1. Complete refrigeration in stores reduced losses by 55 per- cent, substantiating previous years' observations. 2. Fungicide treatments re- duced losses by 20 percent; the reduction being more apparent on berries displayed without refrig- eration. The value of fungicides as a means of extending the shelf life of fresh cranberries is based on only one year's work. 3. Berries displayed with re- frigeration had a shelf life of about three weeks. 4. Packages of berries lose an average of V^ ounce per week, depending on the temperature at wh:'ch they are displayed. SUBSCRIBE TO €£?AN3ERRIES MAGAZINE C. & L, EQUIPMENT CO, 191 LEONARD SJR^ET ACUSHNET, MASS Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 HORTICULTURE MEETINGS A "Look" at 1970 The Northeastern Region Sec- tion of the American Society for Horticultural Science had its an- nual meeting at the Biological Laboratories of Harvard Univer- sity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 30 and 31. There were no papers this year on cranber- ries, but there were a number which reported research in re- lated fields. However, the highlight of the program was the evening meet- ing when a panel presented their views of the Northeastern Horti- culture in 1970. The moderator set the "stage" by giving some data on population, the migra- tion out of the city, and the loss of agricultural land to highways and house lots. Following thi? introduction seven people, repre- senting teaching', research and extension, presented some very in- teresting and surprisingly unani- mous views for the future. A brief summary follows: Machinery will be developed to harvest and grade most or all of the crops now harvested and graded by hand. Equipment will be developed to water and fertil- ize greenhouse crops automatical- ly in new, large, extensive green- houses. Breeding will develop new varieties for harvesting machines and for long distant shipments. It was estimated that the teach- ing methods and curricula would change. Pi'ocessing will increase- one third of the increase will be canning and two thirds will be freezing. The greatest changes were forecast for marketing, and quality was mentioned by near- ly every speaker. One man be- lieved we will be able to buy to- matos fit to put on the table. Pro duce will be sold mostly in super roadside markets. Fruits, vege tables, and flowers will be ship- ped long distances— at present, some commodities can be raised on the West Coast and shipped to Boston for just a little over half the cost to produce in New Eng- land. Packaging will change great- ly. Advertising will be more competitive--flowers an(} fruits Foiirlfeii will compete with a box of candy. ..More of the markets will be grow- er owned and controlled, there- fore eliminating the middle-man. The consensus of opinion was that the farm of 1970 would be much larger, and the owner would call on companies who had specialists to supervise all operations spray- ing, fertilizing, etc., —and that there would be a decrease in Ex- periment Station and Extension work. F. B Chandler Research Professor Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. HARVEST HANDLENG {Continued From Page 2) urged pruning to thin out heavy vines, which would let in the sun- light and get the uprights into better picking condition. A well- drained bog made better quality fruit. He mentioned that other fruit growers pruned heavily; in blueberries generally about a third of the bush was cut away. This lets in more sunlight, aids bees in their work and permits better penetration of insecticides. He said that in big crops on properly pruned vines you can almost "see through to the bot- tom." Other speakers were J. Richard Beattie and Irving E. Demoranville who will have an article e'lsewhere in this issue and also Dl*. Bert M. Zuckerman on fungicides and on nematodes and their effect on cranberries. BERTRAM TOMLINSON RETIRES JULY 31 Bertram Tomlinson, director of the Barnstable County (Mass.) Extension Service retires from duty July 31, after 35 years' of service. Mr. Tomlinson was long interested in the cranberry indus- try, and gave much valuable help to cranberry growing. He was a prime mover in organ- izing ci-anlberry clubs, which got underway in Barnstable County, prior to those in Plymouth, and proba;bly elsewhere in the country. HORTICULTURAL SALES 35 South Main St. West Bridgewater, Mass. "Bob Mossman" Prop. Tel. JUniper 3-9112 CRANBERRY GROWERS SUPPLIES WEED AND BRUSH KILLERS WEEDAZOL (50% AMINO TRIAZOLE) Insecticides — Fungicides — Herbicides Aerial Spraying and Dusting FOR PREFABRICATED FLUiflES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Fifteen The Cranberry Story EARLY HISTORY PART ONE -^-T By Gilbert T. Beaton Secretary-Treasurer Cranberry Institute Beginning a series of 4 articles on the history of the Cranberry industry spon- sored by the Cranberry Institute. They will cover: Part I, Eary History; Part II, Development; Part III, Fresh Cranberry Marketing; and Part IV, Processed Cranberries. The first settlers on the North American Continent discovered the benefits of the first American fruit, not only for its excellent flavor and color, but also its healthful qualities. The Pequod Indians of Cape Cod made them into a poultice to treat wounds caused by poison arrows; also using the juice to color rugs and blankets. The white settlers learned from now known as Searles Jumbo. It is told that Ebenezer Childs, a New Englander, who moved to Green Bay, Wisconsin took eight boat loads of cranberries from Green Bay to Galena, Illinois in 1828. The fruit was exchanged for provisions to supply a camp of Indian shingle makers. In 1838 William R. Cairns of Boston, who was connected with J. W. Gates & Company, a furni- ture firm, conceived the idea of introducing fresh cranberries in the southern market. He sent a shipment to New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah and Charleston. This venture was a great success. In 1841 and 1842 cranberries brought $35.00 per barrel in these markets. Faneuil Hafl Market in Boston, still in existence, took the lead in this early marketing picture. Early shippers were J. H. & G. Company, Curtis Company, Sands & Craft, and John Hill. The Cali- fornia trade in cranberries began about 1849 from the East Coast and San Francisco soon became a large market for cranberries, these berries being transported by ship. In Wisconsin and New Jersey, the wild fruit in early days were protected by laws which provided a penalty for the offense of pick- ing or having in possession unripe cranberries before a certain date the Indians how to prepare and cook this delicious berry and some of the first ships returning to England carried cranberries shipped in water casks. The early whaling ships leaving the port of New Bedford and other east coast ports, carried cran- berries in water casks in their holds to prevent scurvy, (vitamin "C"), on their two and three year trips in search of whales. In the middle west where scurvy was a pro6. Marion. Mass. Kig3ht<»en di«59ials ISSUE OF MARCH 1959 VOL. 23 - NO. 11 [^ *^HAiau.e««^,«,J^^ OVERHEAD IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLIES, as is being pointed out at cranberry club, association meetings and by those most competent to know, is becoming, and will become more of a problem for the industry. We are not alone in this demand for water. A couple of statistics. Last year more than 170,000,000 Americans were using 148 gallons per capita per day. In 1900, some 78,000,000 were using 90 gallons a day per capita, doubling the number of people, almost doubling the amount of water each. American industry at the turn of the century used 10 billon each day and now is using 110 billion gallons, 11 times as much. We needn't worry at present when existing sources are gone or utterly inade- quate, that is from rainfall accumulated and made available in rivers, streams, natural lakes, man-made reservoirs and subterranean strata tapped by well. But, of immediate concern, is the m- creasing scramble for water by everybody. Answer for the immediate years must lie in sprinkler irrigation — it uses so much less water than flooding. DON'T LOSE ON HARVEST QUALITY CONSERVATION of ber- ries grown was the theme of Massachu- setts Club meetings, and it made good sense. That is, that geting the fruit ready to pick and then to get it into storage and ready for shipment is just as important as the growing. In fact in a way more so, for much of the money that has been spent getting the crop to the harvest point — frost flooding, insecticide control, other items, represent a cost. Any move from that point on which leaves berries unharvested, badly bruised or of poor keeping quality is so much waste against the amount that represents a barrel sold of fresh or in processed products. A losb which can be avoided! ELEVEN-YEAR LOOK AHEAD SOME LOOKS into the future, as far as 1970 are set forth in this issue at a meeting of Northeastern Section of Ameri- can Society for Horticulture, and reported CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, §4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach. Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass, New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey by Dr. Chandler. These mcluded that machinery will be developed to harvest and grade, breeding will develop new^ varieties for harvesting machines and for long distance shipments. It is noteworthy that processing will increase, and two- thirds of this will be in freezing. Packag- ing will change greatly — advertising will be more competitive and flowers and fruits will compete with candy. We are in a period of an ever faster changing world. Cranberry growers can't lag behind. Nineteen SELF HELP URGED (Continued From Page 18) has decreased rathei- than in- creased and it is high time that something should be done about it. "We want to put Wisconsin cranberries on the map. Many people are not aware that cran- berries are grown in our state, and with the right fighting spirit and good old red-blooded fight we can do the job." He added the association was deeply indebted to many of the Agricultural College of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin. In conclusion he said, "As your retiring president I pledge to help WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWIRS are using more Signature Fertilizer year after year • Pelletized • Homogeneous • Dustless • Free-Flowing • 50 lb. Bags E. RAUH & SONS FERTILIZER CO. Indianapolis & Plymouth, Ind. Hume Products Corp. Manufacturers of Grass Removal Equipment and Conveyors for Cranberry Growers For Information Write : Hume Products Corp. c/o Cranberry Products Inc. Eagle River, Wisconsin in every way possible to malce our state organization a stronger and more aggressive one in order to increase our fields of quality cranberries so that the consuming- public will buy more of them ar. reasonable prices." Mr. Hewitt got into the cran berry business in 1947 when he and Guy Cole went to the town of Hiles and bought some land, starting a marsh. They planted 12 acres. In May of 1953 lie bought his partner out. In 1955 he planted eight more acres of vines. The marsh is located tv/o miles east of City Point. He was born in Bellwood, Nebraska on August 9, 1902 and lived on a farm in the Platte Val- ley. He finished high school at Ocravia, Nebraska. When 18 he moved with his parents to Ogema, Wisconsin. He later went to Minneapolis and spent a year in business college. He was employed by the Soo railroad line as c utility clerk and assistant cash ier. After his marriage he went to Flint, Michigan and was employed by the Fisher Body Corporation as inspector of trim material. He worked there for five years and then because of his health he sought a job where he could be more in the open. He opened a grocery and feed store in Lindscy in the early thirties. In 1940 he disposed of this and built a locker and meat packing plant which his son now manages. He adds, "I like the outdoor work of a cranberry grower and am very much interested in the growing of cranberries." People who are ambitious to get in the social sw'rn often find themselves in hot water. viiMiiinjiB a iS'iM'iiiB ■ a m r^ "Ask The Grower Who I'.floiiKs" I INDIAN TRAIL Inc. ^ I 262 W. Grand Ave. a i a I Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin = OUR PRODUCTS Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Kaspberry I'reserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry -Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products, Sue. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Twenty SERVIN6 THE WISaONSlN SROWERli FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125.00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES I|C 3|C ^ ^ ^ SfC ^ SjC ^ >f* ^ Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G€tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. ot: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEBL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA 4: >i: sj< 4c % l|c 4i KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point r CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 THIS SPACE IS COIN' TO WASTE! It is available for those who have an advertising message to the Wisconsin Industry Here's help with your biggest food expense NEW! I Ho\A/ to save money on nneat" How to s^Y^^^ money on rrteax. c^TOPTCH YOUR MEAT DOLLAR ^ .^.,j»r^ cr-.%f^^SzS^ A 56-page guide to help you stretch your meat dollar! ■ Packed with recipes for budget meat dishes! ■ Special cost-cutting hints! ■ Diagrams showing which budget cuts of beef, veal, lamb, pork, poultry to ask for! ■ How to carve for more slices and less chunks! ■ How much meat to buy per person ! ■ How to glamorize leftover meats! (Size: 5 3-4" x 8 3-4") ^J!> (kean Sptaif coupon today! • HERE'S HOW TO GET YOUR FREE BOOK Just send the labels from two Mb. cans of Ocean Spray to: Ocean Spray, Dept. C Box 850 New York 46, N. Y. Please send me copies of the new book "How to Save Money on Meat." I've enclosed 2 Ocean Spray labels for each. Name Ocemtjpta^j OumSem/ ^f^uice Address. City _Zone_ .State, , the natural mate for every meat , Free coupon with book! Good for 5c off on Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail! HNG A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY ^PE COD EW JERSEY VISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA •MISS CRANBERRY HIGHWAY" is Miss Eleanor Stahura, 1«, a Bo High School Junior. (Florence Young I'h 35 Cents APRIL 1959 V' .'i'.f'wj!,! >v,; DIRECTORY FORXRANBERRY GROWER^I Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE Fer use on Cra-nberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. 39-R CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use liagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Mlddleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE WAREHAM 82 KIMBALL 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located lor Ifcranoerry Meri Funds always available loi sound loaiis Complete Banking Service » The 'CHARLES W. HAiRJS i Company jy 26 Somerset Ave I Norlh Dighton, Mass. I AMES I Irrigation SysLerns I Sprinklers I a Weed killers = Insecticides I Fungicides I from = Cal. Spray Chemical Company B Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPI'I Ac iscreenhouseb. Boss and Pumps Means SatisfactioM WAREHAM. MASS. Tel. 626 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES Member b'ederai Deposit Insurance Corp. DIRECTORY FOl CRANBERRY GROW KEEP INFORMED ON CRANBERRY NEWS THROUGH CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE 1 WATER WHITE KEROSENE STODDARD SOLVENT (METERED TRUCKS) Petroleum Sales & Service, Inc. 234 water street Plymouth, Mass. tel. pilgrim 6-1111 1 Tank Tru'k Servies & High - Pressure Spraying WATER WHITE STODDARD KEROSENE SOLVENT "^^'- ■ m.m^^ ■ COLEMAN UNION 6-4545 ■ ^% ^^f^Sg^^ i HEATING BOTTLED ■ m^ mM^^ m^^ m ^^° '^'^ ^AS m ■ %^^ rf»A«UCD m CONDITION- HEATING %' ^ INC. Of CARVER^ ^^^ ! Touraine Paints Hardware SANDVIK SCYliHI h:s (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNioN 6-4480 Carver, Mass. MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit insurance Corporation APRIL SHOWERS BRING FORTH MAYFLOWERS and ELECTRICITY Brings you the best in service and convenience CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES iSnooKS, or Naiied Lee me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Masi. P ymouth County E ectric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH TEL. 200 TEL 1300 .... One VOLTA OIL CO. Distributor of the Famou» TEXACO WATER WHITE KEROSENE For your Bog STODDORD SOLVENT Tel. Pilgrim 6-1340 Plymouth, Mass. Rte. 44 Samoset St. Attention Growers ! ! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene •GRADE A" metered trucks STODDARD SOLVENT SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. Tei. CY 5-0U93 J. W. Hurley Co. • COAL • NEW ENGLAND COKE • FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE- For BOGS (METERED TRUCKS) 24-hour Fuel Oil Service" Telephone CY 5-0024 341 Main St. WAREHAM PETER G. BEATON Peter G. Beaton, 77, a Ware- liam, Massachusetts cranberry grower lor many years passed away April 7. Born in Prince Ed- ward Island, Canada, he was the brother of the late John J. Beaton who established the Beaton Dis- tributing Agency and the J. J. Beaton Company with large bog holdings, Mr. Beaton had lived in Ware ham for 65 years and while woriv- ing at the Tremont Iron Works in West Wareham had built hi. own bogs. When his holdings leached a considerable size he devoted his whole time to cran- berry growing. He was a charter member of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, Southeastern Massa- chusetts Cranberry Club, a member of National Cranberry Associa- tion and the first Congregational Church of Wareham. Survivers include three sons, Elliott, also interested in cran- berries, Gilbert T. Grower and prominent in the industry (CRANBERRIES, Feb. 1959) and Kenneth with cranberry inter- ests too, three sisters, two daugh- ters, 11 grandchildren, five great grandchildren. ARTICLES TO COME The continuation of the article upon Manitowish Waters, Wiscon- sin, will be omitted this month because of lack of space. There are also two other Wis- consin articles in type waiting which we believe of much in- terest, these being one on "Hail in Wisconsin," based on the un- usual hail loss of last year but of general interest because of the hail study, by Dr. George L. Peltier. The other is on Amino Triazole by Dr. Malcolm N. Dana, Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW PELTIER WISCONSIN CONSULTING SERVICE Dr. George L. Peltier, Wiscon- sinsin Rapids, Wisconsin, as of April first began a consulting service to Wisconsin growlers. He has had a career n the field of plant pathology and bacteriology as an instructor at the Univei'sity of Nebraska. He calls his new venture "his second retirement," by that meaning he retries from one definite work to another. SHARON BOX COMPANY, Inc. ESTABLISHED 1856 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We Will Buy Your White Pine Logs, Either Standing or Cut • Highest Prices Paid • Sawmill located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon, Sunset 4-2012 Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes |^« - by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Peter G. Beaton Our cranberry industry lost one of its most respected growers in the sudden passing of Peter G. Beaton of West Wareham in early April. Mr, Beaton's devotion to his family and his loyalty to cranberries were two of his out- standing characteristics. He was a frequent and a most welcome vifito^ to the Cranberry Exper- iment Station; in fact, we enjoyed a brielf visit with him only a few days before his death. Our staff joins his many friends in extend- ing our deepest sympathy to his family. Not An Early Spring Weather conditions to date (April 15) have not favored an early spring. Temperatures in March averaged .6 degrees per day below normal and the first half of April was about 2 degrees per day above normal. Inland bogs (Easton, Sharon, Foxboro and Carlisle) were beginning to "green up", but bogs near the coast have shown little change in color. How- ever, a few warm days could alter the picture very quickly which brings up the subject of frost. Frost System Arrangements have been com- pleted to send out frost reports over the telephone and radio. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association is again sponsoring the telephone frost warning service which is strongly endorsed by growers according to the returns received from the frost question- aire. It is apparent that the radio is considered to be a good supple- ment— not an alternative or re- placement for the telephone. Re- turns have been excellent and a summary of this questionaire will be prepared at a later date for Ci-fiTiberries Magazine. The radio schedule for this spring is as follows, below: Before leaving the subject of frost warnings, we have a few suggestions. Growers who sub- scribe to the telephone service are urged to have their frost pads and pencils near the telephone so that no time will be lost in taking down the message. This is a courtesy we owe our telephone distributors as well as the growers who follow us on the frost list. Local Balance Apparently the term local bal- ance, as used in the warning, is still not clearly understood. We have rewritten the explanation which now reads as follows: "If the local balance is against us, the chances are that temperatures will drop to the forecast which would be against the growers interest. On the other hand, if the local balance is in our favor, the odds are good that the temp- erature will not go to the forecast which would favor the grower." It is an important part of the vv^arning and growers who have "sat in" on the frost sessions at the station for many years know the value that Dr. Franklin placed on whether the local balance was in our favor or against us. Copies of a circular entitled Cranberry Frost Tips are avail- able at the county agents offices or at the Cranberry Station. These suggestions were taken from Dr. Franklin's weather bul- letin and serve as useful guides. Finally, if growers would like to have their thermometers checked, we would be glad to perform this service for them. It requires only a few minutes and the value is obvious. Winter Kill Winter killing damage is com- mon on many bogs but the acreage involved appears to be limited at this time. This damage is par- ticularly noticeable where bogs were "roughed up" by the picking, sanding and pruning operations. Ice damage has been noticed on a number of properties but in the aggragate appears to be negligible. Check List for April to Mid-May The following reminders are called to the growers' attention: 1. Now is the time to check motors, pumps, pump wells, dikes, flumes and spillways in prepara- tion for that first frost night. 2. Treat grubs with chemicals as outlined in the new chart. 3. Spot treat summer grass, poverty grass, and grassy weeds growing at this time with No. 2 fuel oil and kerosene as outlined in the new chart. Kerosene and Stoddard Solvent are excellent chemicals for weed control but they are expensive and directions for their use should be carefully followed. 4.Fertilize bogs that need it, using the 1958 fertilizer chart as a guide. 5. Prune those areas that gave the picking machine trouble last fall. 6. Many ditches need cleaning at this time of year. Late Massachusetts 'April to the 16th had run up a plus temperature (Boston) of 31 degi-ees, or obviously nearly two degrees a day above normal. Rainfall to the same date (State Kog) W8is slightly under two inches, or normal. There had been no frost warnings sent out. Dial Station Place A.M. F.M. Afternoon Evening WEEI Boston 590 K. 103.3 mg. 2:00 9:00 WBZ Boston 1030 K. 92.9 mg. 2:30 9:00 WOCB W. Yarmouth 1240 K. 94.3 mg. 3:00 9:30 WBSM N.Bedford 1230 K. 97.3 mg. 3:30 9:00 Three Ocean Spray Sales Show Lead In First Quarter Ocean Spray processed sales for the first quarter of 1959 are up 31% over the same period in 1958, "according to an announce- ment by Ambrose E. Stevens, General Manager of National Cranberry Association. Mr. Stev- ens reported this increase in cranberry sales at a meeting of Ocean Spray officials and Sales Representatives from U. S. market areas, April 11 at the Statler-Hil- ton, Boston. _» The sales meeting touched off Ocean Spray's spring and sum- mer campaign '"mating" cran- berry sauce with barbecue meats, scheduled to open in May when national media will be sparked with a consumer premium offer of a special barbecue chef's knife. Mr. Stevens' report of National cranberry progress was followed by a presentation of the sales campaign by Larry E. Proesh, Director of Marketing; H. Gordon Mann, Sales Manager; H. Drew Flegal, Director of Advertising and Public Relations; William Stilwell, Sales Promotion Admin- istration; John Ballard, Sales Ad- ministrative Assistant; Robert Rich, Display Supervisor. Sales Representatives from area divisions were: Thomas Hodgkins, Northeast; Richard Jones, Assistant, Northeast; M. S. Anderson, Pacific; John Leitch, Southeast; Joseph Conley, North Central; Frank Moreno, Central; Rodney Williams, Jr., Southwest. HORSES BEFORE CRANBERRIES? It was noted in a recent issue of the Western World, Bandon. Oregon that Coos and Curry coun- ties, where cranberries are grown in Southeastern Oregon had horse? long before they had pioneers. A former prospector found an in- teresting specimen of a well- formed tooth. Oregon State Col- lege experts declared it was pre-historic, probably six to ten thousand years old. Tooth measured % inches wide by one inch and one-quarter inch in thickness with length of two and three-quarter inches. It was found near Myrtle Point in a deposit of blue glacial mud. WANTED Western Pickers (Used) Contact Oscar Norton Roehester, Mass. Tel. RockweU 3-5385 CRANBERRIES PROViDtS A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 s^s JSmmm C. g L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHHCT, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Larg« & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C. LCONARD WynM 3-4332 Issue of April 1959 - Vol. 23 No. 12 Pubtiihed monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareh.nm. Massachusetts. Subscription $3.56 per year. Satared ai iccond-class matter January 26, 11:143, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. I87t FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS March Slightly Wetter Rainfall for the month of March as recorded at Cranberry Ex- periment Station was 5.87 inches, the normal for the month is 4.39. March Temperatures The March average temperature was 37 degrees (Boston) 0.6 under normal. The December-March per- iod was the longest of consecutive colder-than-normal months in 19 years. 30-Hour Blizzard A 30 hour blizzard starting Good Friday and continuing into Saturday brought some of the most disagreeable weather of the winter to Southeastern Massachu- setts. The snow, starting wet and heavy gradually turned lighter in texture. It brought 3.75 inches of snow which melted down into a total precipitation of .54 inch. This was probably Nature's last fling of the '58-'59 winter. March Sunshine Up The sunshine factor for March was up — plus 27 hours. This is a point in favor of good keeping quality. April By April 10 the winter flood was off most bogs, but some still were covered. Late water re- flood was expected to go on gen- erally about the 17th after the "breather." There is a great plen- ty of water for spring frosts on bogs which have frost flowage. Winterkill Bogs in general were looking well as they came out of winter flood. There are many spots of winterkill on many bogs, the most Dr. C. E. Cross says he has noted in a number of years. However, he does not believe as a whole v/interkill took any considerabale toll. WISCONSIN Temperature Lowest in 39 Years March was the fourth consecu- tive month with below normal temperatures and precipitation in most of the cranberry producing areas of the state. The state climatologist, Paul Waite, ranked the 1958-59 winter among the worst of the 20th century. The south and east two-thirds of the state had temperatures that averaged the lowest in 39 years. In northwest Wis. the readings were as low as the harsh winter of 1935-36. The number of days of zero or below were almost double the normal in south and central counties. Water Level Low The worst snowstorm in many years struck the south and central counties in March. Heaviest fall was 26 inches in 24 hrs. recorded in northern Juneau County on March 5-6. The majority of the central marshes failed to receive any snow on the third storm on March 20th. Rainfall total defic- iencies for the year now total -.65 inches and ground watel levels minus 1.85 feet. Temperatures started moderat- ing the last ten days of the m.onth, to cause the first general thaw of the winter. These warmer temperatures held the average for the month to only minus two to three degrees below the nor- mals of 26 to 29. Lowest was five below on the 17th and warm- A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking' - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS lOidliue Lumlisr Co., !nc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Five est was 59 above on the 23rd. The extended forecast for April is for normal to above normal in precipitation and from near nor- mal to below normal in tempera- ture. We Have Had It Now that winter is officially over for 1958-59 about all we can say is that we have had it and hope it won't be like this again for another 39 years or so. Sanding: The heavy March snows in the south ended the sanding opera- tions as the north had completed sanding work by the end of February. Moderating tempera- tures would cause road breakups further eliminating road and dyke hauling. The marshes which started work early in the season benefited the most. Vine Heaving Expected W. F. RUTTER INCORPORATED 19 CONGRESS ST. BOSTON, MASS. CApital 7-6377 INVESTMENT SECURITIES We will buy odd lots of the common and preferred stocks of The National Cranberry Association R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Phone 1553-R Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Growers were expressing con- cern as the heavy snow cover melted in view of possible hi^j^ water. However the snow was absorbing the early runoff and unless additional rain or snow fell it seemed flood dangers would be very localized. Deep frost pre- sented a definite problem as wash- outs were being reported and con- siderable vine heaving was ex- pected. Most growers were planning on doing considerable re- flovv'ing if deep frost persisted. Grower Dies In Accident Vincent Zawistowski who oper- ated a marsh near Hayward was killed in a truck-train crash in Illinois last month. Mr. Zawistow- ski is survived by his wife and three young children. NEW JERSEY March The month of March, as usual, fluctuated frequently between mild and cold periods. The colder spells were a little bit more ex- tensive so the month averaged out at 40.8°F., 1.2° below normal There were nine days above 60'' and four above 70°, making It the highest temperature for this day on record and the warmest March day in ten years. These frequent warm spells kept the flood v.-aters on cranberry bogs almost completely open through- out the month. Alter four successive months of below normal rainfall, an excess was recorded in March. A total of 4.77 inches of precipitation oc- curred on ten rainy days. This is 1.C9 inches more than normal. During the past five months the total rainfall was 12.48 inches be- low nomial. Light Winter Snow In contrast to the record snow- fall of the winter of 1957-1958, when 56 inches occurred, the 1958- 1959 snow season was one of the lightest on record, with only 5,80 inches recorded. OREGON Many northwestern Oregon cranberry growers are busily en- ( CONTINUED ON PAGE 20) Six ITHANE Z-78 (ZINEB) PROTECTS CRANBERRIES FROM FRUIT ROT Normal dosage is three pounds of DiTHANE Z-78 per 100 gallons, using about 300 gallons per acre for good coverage. For top-quality fruit, two applications per season are suggested. See your Rohm & Haas fieldman for more information ... see your dealer for DiTHANE Z-78. I, 0 "•'^^^F'^ rj?- ^i'^f Chemicals for Agriculture ROHM e HAAS COMPANY WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA 5, PA. DiTHANE is a trademark, Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. and in principal foreign countries. ANE Z-78 '^ As Miss i>tit> Buchan, director of publicity foi- iNationai Cranberry Association holds the seal of the Cranberry Highway Association, President Robert Fugere makes a point during a State House hearing, Boston, concerning the bill to change the names of routes 28, 6 and 6-A to "Cran- berry Highway. (RuppertWunschel Photo) Massachusetts Cranberry Area May Have — ''Cranberry Highway'' Interest is at high peak in the cranberry district of Southeastern Massachusetts concerning the changing of a major highway from Middleboro in Plymouth County to Orleans on the Lower Cape. Proposed name is tha "Cranberry Highway." It would extend a distance of 70 miles or more. Move is sponsored by a recent ly-formed group known as the Cranberry Highway Association. Purpose of the change in name of routes 28, 6 and 6-A is to attract more tourists from newer super highways now built or building. Name might do the tricK. Most of the group is made up of busi- nessmen of one sort of another along the proposed "CranbeiTy Highway. M In order to make the change the matter must be acted upon favorably by the Massachusetts Legislature. A hearing has al- ready been held at the State House, Boston. Several Southeast- ern Massachusetts Legislators have expressed themselves as in favor of the change. As this issue goes to press ac- tion has not been taken at the State House. But an announce- ment that the "Cranberry High- way" will become a reality is expected shortly. Favorable Ee^ort On CraEberrv Rdo The Legislative committee on public Highways has reported fav- orably on a bill to rename Route 28 from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay and Route 6A from Sagamore to Olreans. Bill now goes to the House Ways and Means Com- mittee. Representatives of Cranberry i Highway Associates, seeking the | name change, will meet April 22,1 Wednesday at Tiny Jim's Town | Club, Buzzards Bay with repre- 1 sentatives of the Bay Shores As- | sociation to discuss plans for the f highway promotion. BHHaBBBB ' ■IIIIB WANTED GOOD, USED Western Picker REASONABLE S. H. MERRY WEST ST. DUXBURY, MASS. Ei^ht "1- 1 :. • • .j. t.. v„^aiV...ier .xesearc. Professor, Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. Insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and the equipment used to apply them, were summarized in the last issue of Cranberries under the above title. The frost, harvesting, labor and marketing phases of cranberry production will be presented in this issue. Frost Frost was mentioned in some of I the surveys but not in all of them. The Massachusetts surveys give the minimum temperature and the percentage of damage from the I frost. However, when the early i rei>orts are studied, it becomes evi- ident that Dr. Franklin studied frost from the first at the State Bog. These reports stated or- i chard heaters were not satisfac- tory and were dangerous, the skin- ner type of irrigation was expen- sive and the nozzles plugged easily, and tobacco cloth raised the temperature at the vines 4^° F. at a cost of $200 per acre. The formulae used to figure the mini- mum temperature were published in 1920 and the fall of that year the telephone frost warning sys- tem was started. The new Jersey survey did not mention frost, but up until re- cently they used one of Dr. Franklin's formulas and a tele- phone system to warn the cran- berry growers of the expected minimum temperature. In Wisconsin, the frost problem is greater than any other problem and is probably greater than that of any other growing section. In Massachusetts and New Jersey, there are a few dry bogs, but it would be impossible to get a crop on a dry bog in Wsconsin. Cox, of the Chicago Weather Bureau, made studies of frost in Wiscon- sin and found that sanded marshes had higher minimum temperatures than marshes which were not sanded. In forecasting for Wiscon- sin, some of their formulas were used and some of Dr. Franklin's. The Stevens Point Radio Station WLBL broadcast the warnings as early as 1928, and possibly earlier In the 40's, the cranberry grow- ers in Wisconsin had a U. S. Weather Bureau forecaster come to Wisconsin Rapids for the cran- berry growing season to forecast particularly for cranberry growers. This forecast has been carried as AP news and broadcast infrequent- ly during the day. British Columbia cranberry growers have had little or no help from the Weather Bureau with frost warnings. Oregon growers check bog temperatures and call one another, and in addition, many growers have electric alarms whi:;h ring in the house. Oregon prob- ably has the best possibility of preventing frost as 72.5 percent of the bearing acreage has sprink- lers. In Washington, Crowley made many studies of frost injury and bog tem!i>eratures and repeated some studies which had been made in other sections. He repoi-ted a relationship between injury from frost and dense vines. Dense vines prevented the heat of tho day from warming the soil, and therefore the temperature drop- ped lower at night. Also, he re- ported an obvious setback of the vines without visible injury. Crow- ley obtained complete protection of blossoms with sprinklers fr'^m temperatures as low as 23° F., and of berries from tempera- tures as low as 20° F. He rscommended starting sprinklers at 32° F. and continuing until the frost was over, as he fe^t groAA'th was retarded if the plant was not injured in the spring and in the fall 28° F. would soften berries when nearly mature. It W3uld appear that Washington grown berries might be more tender than those from Massachusetts, as 5 percent of fruit in Washington was injured at 25° F., while Mass- achusetts grown fruit is not in- jured at 23° F. Harvest Harvesting has changed mors than most people realize. Brown, in 1927, reported hand picking in Oregon was very common. Crow- ley, in 1937, considered only two methods of harvesting — by hand and by scoop. The vacuum picker. FOR CBA Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness i^' CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Maniifacturers of fine products for the food iniiustry . . . and these popular grocery braads for the consumer: ^r MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® syrups • BOSCO® chocolate flavored syrup NIAGARA® Instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO® corn and gloss starches Nine which was developed aftei- 1940, harvested with very few berries dropped, but as it was slow and damaged many of the berries it has been discarded. In Oregon and Washington, the water reel has recently come into use for water harvesting. However, for fresh fruit harvesting must be done dry, either with the so-called Massachusetts scoop or the Wis- consin rake. Bufton in Wiscon- sin reports the development of the mechanical harvest in that state. In 1949, 95 percent of the growers representing 96 percent of the acreage employed the flooding and raking method in harvesting the berries. Mechanical pickers at that You'll never know what a field can yield until you use You won't ever know what your fields can yield until you try the remarkable premium ferti- lizer. Rainbow Plant Food. Rainbow is several cuts above anything you've ever vised be- fore . . . tailored for our local soils and crops, and scientifi- cally designed to feed crops all season long. Put Rainbow on your own soil this year. See how much more a field can yield . . . when fertilized with Rainbow Premi- um Plant Food. Call us for full details. Ask Your Local Dealer INTERNATIONAL AISNERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. WOBURN, MASS. time were still in the experimental stage. In the 1952-53 survey, 25 percent of the acreage was me- chanically hai-vested, and in 1956, 66.5 percent of the crop was har- vested by machine. Since 1956, even more machines have been used. Harvest Season* Section Start Finish Mass. Sept. 5 Oct. 20 N. J. Sept. 1 Oct. 15 Wise. Sept. 17 Oct. 13 Oregon Sept. 10 Nov. 1 Wash. Oct. 1 Nov. 1 Nova Scotia Bi-itish Columbia * There are usually a few that harvest too early and some that harvest later. On the West Coast, sometimes berries are harvested after Christmas. Labor Questions about labor were asked in three of the surveys — Massii- chusetts, Oregon, and Washington — but only Massachusetts was summarized. From one of the tables in the Massachusetts sur- vey, on a per acre basis there are about 6 days of family labor, 6 days of year-round employment, and about 12 days of temporary employment, or less than 24 days per acre to care for an acre of bog, protect and harvest the crop. On the West Coast, there are a number of growers who help one another and thereby decrease tiie necessity of hiring help. In Wia- consin, 60 percent of the growers have 25 acres or less, and most of these growers do much of their own work. In Canada, relatively little labor is hired. Marketing At the time the surveys were made, berries were marketed through two large cooperatives and a few independent cranberry ship- pers. Now one cooperative handles over three quarters of the crop and some of the sales organizations have gone out of business. All cranberries used to be shipped to the fresh market, but in 1919, about 2000 barrels, or a half of one percent of the crop, were processed. The amount pro- cessed has increased very rapidly, until now over half of the crop is canned. In some years a decade ago, on a percentage basis, the West Coast has put the largest amount into processing but now they are making an effort to ship fresh fruit from Oregon and Washington. For more than a decade over two-thirds of the New Jersey crop has been processed. The percentage of the crop canned in Massachusetts is about the same as the percentage canned in the United States, or about half. The Wisconsin crop generally is hand- led mostly as fresh fruit. The Canadian Crop is also sold largely as fresh fruit. With increased production and decreased per Percentage of Acres Harvested by Different Methods Method Hand Water Section Scoop* Machine** Reel Yacuam Mass. 55 45 0 0 N. J. *** 60 40 0 0 Wise. 34 66 0 . 0 Ore. 5 29 54 12 Wash. Long Beach 0 4 96 0 Grayland 0 34 1 65 * The scoop in Massachusetts and New Jersey refers to a short-handled scoop used dry. In Wisconsin, it refers to a long-handled scoop used in water. In Oregon, it means either or both used dry. **In Oregon and Washington, the machine refers to a Western; in Massachusetts and New Jersey, machine refers to a Western or a Darlington; and in Wisconsin, it refers to a Case or a Getsinger used in water. ***Ne\v Jersey percentages estimated, Ten 6apit« eonsumption, in the futur« they will probably have greater quantities of cranberries processed than at the present time. Literature used in addition to that previously cited: Cranberry Station Reports, 1911 through 1920. Crowley, D. J. The Cultivated Cranberry in Washington. Wash. Agr. Sta. Bui. 349. 1937. Crowley, D. J. Cranberry Grow- ing in Washington. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta.. Bui. 554, 1954. MISS CHANDLER CHOSEN FOREIGN EXCHANGE STUDENT Miss Elizabeth Chandler, daugh- ter of Dr. and Mrs. F. B. Chand- ler of Front street, Marion, Mass., has been named a foreign ex- change student by the American Field Service. She was notified recently by the New York office of the AFS. She is a junior at Wareham High school. The group will study in Europe this summer. Dr. Chandler of the Massachu- setts Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion is of course, widely known throughout the cranberry "world". NCA Directors To New Jersey April 24 Vv''hen National Cranberry Asso- ciation's 24-member Board of Directors and cooperative officials meet at Cherry Hill, Haddonfield, April 24, it will be a historic ''first" meeting in New Jersey since the incorporation meetings in 1930. At that time, a merger was made of the canning opera- tions of Cranberry Products Com- pany of New Egypt, New Jersey, and two Massachusetts companies. Ocean Spray Preserving Company and A. D. Makepeace, to form a cranberry growers' cooperative under the name of Cranberry Canners, Inc. Membership of the new cooperative was made up of cranberry growers of New Jersey and Massachusetts. The late Mrs. Elizabeth Lee, owner of the New Jersey company, went down in the annals of cranberry history as the New Jersey founder of the present national cooperative that nov/ handles 74% of the U. S. cranberry crop. Expansion of membership to in- clude the cranberry-producing areas of Wisconsin, Washington CROP DUSTS For Airoraft Applieation are available on the Cape from R. C. MOSSMAN Horticultural Sales 30 South Msin Street West iridgewater, Massachusetts Tel. JUs^iper 3-9112 representing The HUBBARD-HALL CHEMICAL CO. Csnera! Offices: Waterbury, Conn. jjj.s."!i-!Ji.ii-i XI- : \. U_ and Oregon followed the merg^lf and the name Cranberry Canners, Inc. was appropriately changed to National Cranberry Association in 1946. The New Jersey cranberry-pro- cessing plant is in BordentoTSTi and has been managed by Enoch F. Bills since the 1930 merger. Mr. Bills is a well-known cran- berry grower and the nephew of Elizabeth Lee. Cranberries are native to New Jersey and cultivation for com- mercial use began here as early as 1835. Mr. Bills' father was one of the early pioneers and built his first bogs in 1890. Enoch Bills has carried on the family tradition and was recently honored for his contribution to Nev/ Jersey agriculture by the Board of Agriculture. Burlington County. Mr. Bills served on the cooperative's Board of Directors from 1942 to 1957 and will be host to the present Board when they visit the Bordentown plant on the 23rd to tour the processing operations and to meet with New Jersey growers. Accompanying the Board mem- bers will be Ambrose E. Stevens, National Cranberry Association's general manager, and President George C. P. Olsson; and staff members, Kenneth G. Garside, director of operations; L. E. Proesch, director of marketing; H. Drew Flegal, director of adver- tising and public relations; John F. Harriott, assistant treasurer and E. J. Gaufrhan, controller. New Jersey Directors are: John E. Cutts, Vincentown; Thomas B. Darlington, New Lisbon; William S. Haines, Chatsworth. FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safety Controls. 6" Flex-o-seal suction pipe and discharge fittings for each unit. L C SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. fikv^ft Allentown (PaJ Editor Leads Cranberry Crusade, Larger Servinas Bulletin — Pennsylvania House page of the Allentown paper. The i-caU-J writer of Representatives has under con- sideration a bill recommending- that restauranteurs, serve larger por- tions of cranberries in their res- taurants in order to enhance meals arid' "to ^satisfy the desire of pa- t^^s:_'foi- this desirable delicacy. "'i'hV'^bill has been referred to the Committee on Rules. Bill further points out thul "It is of utmost importance that no item be overlooked which can contribute to the completeness of meals seived in home or in res- taurants. Cranberries and can- berry sauce, long- established foods which have been appreciated dur- ing the holiday seasons of Christ- mas and Thanksgiving can ad- mirably make this contribution throughout the year." For some years John Y. Kohl ha^ been smoldering abort the small servings of cranberry sauce he received in restaurants, and occasionally he would air his feelings in his v/eekly editorial column called "This and That" in the Sunday Call-Chronicle Avhich he has edited for thirty years. By December, his remark? b came so saucy that the niivo- ■ the city of Allentown wrote a proclamation of whereases and Be it resolveds making 1958 the year of the Cranberry Crusade, stafng "and, FURTHER, I hereby desi'jnate citizen John Y. Koh^ columnist and gourmet, Chairman of Said Crusade, and in evidence thereof I herewith sign my name with a pen of two colors, silver and cranberry red, which pen I herewith entrust to said John Y. Kohl that it might ever remind him of the trust imposed upon him by Americans the country .over who are dedicated to the :;cause of MORE CRANBERRY ;SAUCE WITH TURKEY." From that time on the Crusade was off to a big start with Mr. Kohl editorializing week after week and quoting people who were staunchly behind the crusade. A Queen was chosen, Mrs. Ralph C. Swartz, because she made the dandiest cranberry chutney and her picture and recipe.s covered a writer v : v.'rote of the cru-sai. . that appeared in newspapers froci ceast to coast. (Mr. Othman ha. since passed away.) In Hanson, NCA pi:blicist Bett;/ campaign was endorsed by chefb> school children, political figures and just plain diner-outers. Ai lentown restaurants and hotels began bringing on cranberry sauce in soup dishes, especially Buchan was keeping the mails : when campaigner Kohl was dining Allentown bright v/ith cranberr:. there. information, and Ocean Spray George M. Leader, then Goven- gales in the Allentown area show- er of Pennsylvania, wrote, "It gd a decided increase in botl. seems tragic that workers who fresh fruit and processed products- go into cranberry bogs to pick cranberry sauce of course, cranberries can have so little to q^ December 16th she journey- show for their etTorts at State functions and public banquets, am unequivocally in favor of cran- berry sauce — in huge quantities — I realize that this broad statement may be political suicide, but on behalf of the cranberry bog work- ers and Pennsylvania gourmets, 1 am willing to stake my political future." ed to Allentown to pay tribute to the crusade and the crusaders at a luncheon for loyal followers. The menu was cranberry punch, ham with cranberry glaze, cran- berry jellied salad, vegetables, ice cream with cranberry topping, and the Cranberry Queen brought festive jars of her cranberry chut- To the dismay of his followers, ney as gifts. (: .^xiior Leader was not re-elect- -i but the Cranberry Crusade V c it on. a November, Mr. Kohl wrote f ;" tm-e article called "Cranberry ice 'All-American' " and syn- On a display table was the Cranberry Crusade Proclamation, the pen that signed it, and other mem.ento centered around a small paper cup bearing the sign "Hor- msmm)NTROL qqins ^^Irwaui MM NORWOOD. MASS. ' DUSTING and SPRAYING RAY MORSE, Agent TEL. WAREHAM 1553-W Twelve 4 iif'-^-^''' FOR BIGGER CRANBERRY SERVINGS— cranberry crusade chairman John Y. Kohl, editor of the Sunday Call-Chronicle, and Allentown's Mayor Donald V. Hock receive certificates mak- ing them Cranberry Merchants from Betty Buchan, publicity manager of NCA at a cran- berry crusade luncheon at the Lehigh Valley Club in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Miss Buchan also presented authentic cranberry scoops full of Oc^an Spray to the two dignitaries 'who have been campaigning all year against the little paper cups of cranberry sauce served at many restaurants and hotels. rible Example of Microscopic Cranberry Cup " All of which were presented to Miss Buchan to be on display at the cranberry museum at Onset, Mass. this sum- mer. Mayor Hock was the featur- ed speaker. Newspaper stories, radio inter- views and even hotel advertising heralded the climax of the cam- paign and members of National Cranberry Association will be glad to know that come spring, cran- berry vines from New Jersey will be planteci in Allentown's park, and John Kohl, who now owns a share of preferred stock in Nat- ional Cranberry Association, is still beating the drums for larg- er cranberry servings. HERBICIDES AND WATER Overhead irrigation proved more effective than furrow irrigation for weed control in recent USDA- State studies using several pre- emergence herbicides at Weslaco, Tex. ARS horticulturist R. M. Men- ges reported th^t downward movement of herbicides increased with overhead inrrigation. Fur- row irrigation tended to leave the chemicals on soil surface away from germinating weed seeds. Studies using 4 pounds of either CDEC (2-chloToally diethyldithio- carbamate) or EPTC (ethyl N,N- di-n-propylthiolcarbamate) to 40 gallons of water, showed 97-per- cent weed control with overhead irrigation, but 61 percent with furrow irrigation. — Agricultural Research ^■ A Concentrate Sprayer For Bog Cranberry Use (Editor's Note: The following is a talk given at the March meet- ings of the Massachusetts Cran- berry Clubs). by Prof. William E. Tomlinson Mass. Cran. Expt. Station "We have now had two years experience with the ground con- centrate spray rig on cranberry bogs. In general, results have been favorable for the application of both insecticides and fungicides, and it is very probable that certain broadcast weedicide applications can also be made with this rig. We have obtained good commercial control of insects, including cran- berry fruitworms, and the com- mon rot inducing fungi. Why this interest in a spray rig that runs on the bog and in so doing damages the bog and reduces the crop ? I feel that the amount of injury has been exaggerated in many growers' minds and what injury may occur is made up for by the improved insect and disease control that is obtained by better timing of applications. It is a rig that the small to medium acreage grower can afford individually or in a group. Weather, short of rain, need not upset timing which is one of ita most important assets. It covers acreage quickly as well as effectively. Relatively small amounts of water needed. No large crew of men necessary and it is adaptable to other equip- ment used on bogs. Sprays are more effective than dusts and are cheaper than dusts. The disadvantages are in the tracking up of bogs and consequent loss of crop which, as I said be- fore, I feel is exaggerated. We have been using a rig made on an old cranberry duster at the State Bog for two years and I am sure that you would have difficulty showing any reduction of crops from its use. Other Rigs Louis Sherman has developed a rig on the same basic principal but with a different method of transporting and a much longer boom arrangement. J. J. Beaton Company used cub tractors for transporting their rigs with power to pump supplied by power take- off. Carleton Barrows has develop- ed a very light, self-propelled rig for carrying the boom only; the ; pray being supplied to the boom "rrm a rip; on the shore through ''""U diameter, light-we'Tht hose. '^e s"V"'.y is purn"ed thr^- '''' . ydr:ai'i'c atomizin;;- iizzii'.zs that ^e'*ver from 15 to 20 gallons per HORTICULTURAL SALE 35 South Main St. West Bridgewater, Mass. "Bob Mossman" Prop. Tel. JUniper 3-9112 CRANBERRY GROWERS SUPPLIES WEED AND BRUSH KILLERS WEEDAZOL (50% AMINO TRIAZOLE) Insecticides — Fungicides — Herbicides Aerial Spraying and Dusting Both fan shapeil and cone shaped spray pattern nozzles are avail- able, and I can't tell you definitely that one is better than the other. We have worked with the cone pattern because, at least theoretic- ally, it should give better cover- age and breakup than the fan pattern. We have worked in the range of 25-30 gallons of spray per acre at 60 P.S.I, in most of our tests, using about a 4X to a 6X concentration with insecticides and 12X with fungicides. In concentrate spraying, it is generally agreed that the cov- erage must be such that the dis- tance between drops deposited will not be much more than 1 mm. (1/25 inch). Drops 1 mm. apart readily coalesce when rain or dew occurs. All foliage of course should be hit by the spray. Apply- ing about 30 gallons per acre at 60 P.S.I, provides relatively good break-up of the spray into small droplets, and good depos'tion on the plant where the nozzles are spaced 20 inches apart on the boom and the boom is about 20-22 inches above the tops of the vines. Pumps Most Important The most important nart of a low gallonage sprayer is the pump. Piston pumps will handle any material that you can put through the sprayer with less wfar and consequent longev trouble-fre° operation. However, thev are heavier and more bulky thin w" like, and more expensive to pur- chase. We have used the nylon roller pump. This pump is light, com- pact, inexpensive, ideal for liquids, and gives reasonably good service with wettable powders which are somewhat abrasive. Gear pumps should be used with liquid only, while diaiihram pumps will handle both liquids and wettable powders without wearing. Booms The boom should be non-corro- sive, aluminum or stainless steel pipe or tubing being most satis- factory. Galvanized or black iron may be used but are likely to cause trouble because of rust scale for- mation, and they are too heavy in long lengths. With proper sup- ports, booms up to 30 feet and Fourte^en longer riay be used. At a forward u ^^i^i o^.iity all acre in about 5% minutes, and in just over 4 minutes at 5 mph. Of course, you can't average any speed lil^e that because you have to refill, cross iitches and the like, but with the proper set-up you should be able to do an acre every 10 to 15 min- utes. The longer the boom, the more tendency for the ends to whip, Fand if the bog is as uneven as the 1 State Bog, the sprayer may roll so that one end of the boom would dig into the vines unless a shoe or slide is provided to pre- vent this, while the up end would be too high for good penetration and even coverage by the spray. Nozzles As I mentioned before, there are two basic types of nozzle — the fan and the cone type. There are , several makes available and all work satisfactorily. Get a kind that will accommodate different types of tips so that you can vary your spray pattern and discharge rate without having to change the whole nozzle, and use tungstan cai^bide or hardened stainless steel tips and cores for longest wear. Such tips and cores cost more initially but require less frequent replacement and are actually cheaper in the long run. Each nozzle should discharge at a uni- form rate. Any wear to the tip will change the delivery rate. This is particularly likely with suspen- sions such as zineb. Nozzle capacities are figured with plain water at about 68° F. Adding emulsifiable concentrates will increase the discharge rate albove the nozzle rating, while suspended materials, such as zineb, will decrease the discharge rate some compared to water. Oil drums make a satisfactory spray tank, but don't plan to use them more than one season or you will be continually plagued with rust scales in the strainers and nozzles. A pressure regulator is neces- sary between the pump and the boom to maintain constant pres- sure delivery to the boom. A pressure guage should be installed in the line between the pressure _- lalor c>nd tlie boom where it can be easily checked by the operator while the machine is in motion. A quick acting shut-off valve should be placed in the line be- tween the pressure regulator and the boom. Three-way valves are necessary with sectional booms which enable the operator to use sections independently of the others, or all together, or shut off all quickly. A suction strainer on the end of the suction hose, a line strainer in the line, and nozzle strainers will reduce trouble from clogged nozzles. With low gallonage con- centrates you are working with small openings that clog easily, so strain everything if you would save time that you will otherwise waste unplugging nozzles. Use synthetic rubber or plastic hoses that are resistant to oils. The suction hose should be rein- forced with wire and be at least %" inches inside diameter. Cluster nozzles or 'boomless sprayers will not provide as uni- form coverage as a boom and nozzles. This is particularly true when there is wind. Boomless sprayers are not recommended for cranberry bog spraying. Nozzle manufacturers have tables of nozzle capacities that will enable you to figure roughly how much spray will be applied per acre at different speeds and pressures. However, the sprayer should be calibrated with the ac- tual spray mixture at a fixed speed as follows: 1. Set 2 stakes a measured dis- tance apart. The greater the dis- tance, the more accurate the re- sults. 2. Fill sprayer Avith spray mix- ture and run to see that all nozzles are functioning properly. Close valve to boom. 3. Refill tank completely. 4. Set sprayer in motion back of stake with throttle in marked position and boom valve closed. 5. Open boom valve as tractor passes first stake. 6. Drive in a steady, straight line without changing throttle setting. 7. Shut off boom as sprayer passes second stake. 8. Carefully measure amount of water needed to refill tank. (SEE TABLE BELOW) Thus: Apply the recommended amount of insecticide in each 24 gallons of water. Some precautions to observe with the concentrate sprayer are: 1. Don't let spray mixture sitin tank and lines during lunch hour or overnight, but spray out tankful before stopping work. 2. Rinse thoroughly at end of each days operations. 3. Clean strainers daily or more often if you would avoid grief from clogged nozzles. 4. All the usual precautions that must be taken when applying poisonous substances, such as proper clothing and respirators. 5. Don't dump or rinse sprayer near streams or ponds. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE The rate per acre is calculated as follows: Gals, used X 43560 ft. Distance between stakes X width of swath equals gals./acre For Example: 5 gals. X 4356 2178 equals equals 24.2 gals./aere 300 X 30 90 Fifteen The Cranberry Story DEVELOPMENT PART TWO "^"^ • By i,,,. . . Gilbert T. Beaton Secretary-Treasurer Cranberry Institute Sei.und of a series of 4 articles on the history of the Cranberry industry spon- sored by the Cranberry Institute. They will cover: Part III, Fresh Cranberry Marketing; and Part IV, Processed Cranberries. in-^; districts." The early historic marshes in the Berlin area have The first century in the cran- berry industry proved that cran- berries were to be accepted and used in all parts of this great country. Changes in agricultural practices were very pronounced following World War One. Crop reporting service bulletin No. 229, states: "It will be noticed that the crop is now grown in four of Wisconsin's nine crop report- Leen abandoned. The Central dis- trict which includes Wood County, i:i 1948 represented about 47% of the total Wisconsin acreage. The West Central district includ- ing Jackson and Monroe Counties represented a little less than 33% followed by the North Central district 13% and the Northwestern In Wisconsin weeds are attacked via the "Brooklyn Bridge" at Cutler Cranberry Company and Du-Bay Cranberry Company. district 9%. The present acreage in Wisconsin is somewhat over 4,000 acres, showing a 100% in- crease since 1925. Considerable changes have tak- en place in the cranberry in- dustry in 25 years. From 1900 — 1930 the average yield per acre was 19.1 compared to 23.1 bar- I'els per acre in Massachusetts, 13.7 barrels per acre in New Jersey. Washington and Oregon had no official government re- porting u..tii the year 1924, so no comparison is made here. Acreage in Massachusetts in- creased in 1925 from 13,900 acres to a high of 15,000 in 1949. This acreage has since declined to approximately 13,000 acres, show- ing an actual decline of 900 acres since 1925. New Jersey has stead- ily declined from a figure of 10,900 in 1925 to 3,000 acres in 1957. A considerable amount of this acreage was abandoned to be planted with a more profitable crop, cultivated blueberries. Wash- ington and Oregon have increased steadily from 1925, starting out with 570 acres to their present 1,420 acres. The average crop per acre has shown a steady in- crease, since the early 1930's. The last 10 year average through the year 1957 shows Wisconsin with 69.8 barrels per acre, Washington and Oregon with 64.1 barrels per acre, Massachusetts 39.6 barrels per acre and New Jersey 18.1. iMassashusetts and New Jersey should show the largest increase in barrels per acre for several years due to two main factors. P'irst: mechanical picking has be- come popular in Massachusetts and New Jersey in the last two or three years. Last year for the first time, approximately 85% of the Massachusetts crop was ma- chined picked and approximately 80';^ of the New Jersey crop. The second factor has been elimination of marginal bogs, allowing the growers to concentrate on their better producing property. In 1927, Dr. Henry J. Franklin slated that the false blossom disease in Massachusetts may re- quire the discovery of a new late variety to replace the Howes. (ADVT.; Sixteen rmi" Airplane dusting was first tried in 1835, and toda from airplanes and helicopters protect cranberry bogs This disease, for several years now, in Massachusetts and New Jersey has been fairly well con- trolled. This was broug'ht about by Dr. Franklin's research, prov- 1 ing' the carrier of the false blos- som disease was the blunt nose leaf hopper. . In 1931, Dr. E. A. Richmond who who was employed by the Crop Protection Institute in coopera- tion with the East Wareham Ex- perimental Station, conducted tests using a mixture of dust to control insect infestation. Similar dusting experiments were carried on as early as 1921 in Massachu- setts with horse-drawn vehicles. However, at that time it did not pi'ove successful. The use of a dust mixture, rather than a spray insecticid'C control enaibled the Massachusetts and New Jersey growers to control the blunt nose leaf hopper carrying the disease, because they were able to dust in full bloom, when all of the leaf hoppers had hatched. In 1935 airplane dusting was tested extensively with over 100 acres of cranberry bogs being treated. Today during the grow- ing season, helicopters and planes are a familiar sight, dusting, spraying and fertilizing bogs in most areas. Also in 1931, Dr. William Sawy- er v/as employed, temporarily, on funds provided by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, to find ways and means of controll- ing craniberry bog weeds, using chemical weed killers. (Kerosene and distillate were used on Wash- ington bogs as early as 1926.) He carried on this experimental work until 1938 Avhen it was taken over ty Dr. Chester E. Cross, now in charge of the East Wareham Ex- pjlimental Station. With more acreage being planted in Wiscon- sin and the West Coast, increased production per acre in Nev/ Jersey and Massachusetts, it requires no foresight to predict a 1,500,000 barrel crop in the near future. The changes that the cranber- ry industry has undergone in re- cent years are making it no longer feasible to farm much of the y, dust sprayed against insects. ^■. - ' "'-.i'i marginal land which in the past, ,i even at its best, was unable tOvi supply the grower witn the bare necessities of life. . ■ The cranberry grower and Ms ■ marketing agent, because of in-^ creased competition in all lines of food, should give more :; thorough consideration ■ to con-^--- sumer demand, resulting in a more adequate supply of good quality cranbei-ry products. - (ADVT.) r i ERS ISTRIBUTORS ^'ROCESSORS SUPPORT YOUR Cranberry Institute AND IT WILL SUPPORT YOU Seventeen A Cape Cod Harvest Scene of a By-Gone Day, N o Mechanization. Wareham, England Couple To Visit Cranberry Highway The Town of Wareham, Mass- achusetts, and the Cranberry Hig-hw'ay Association intend to roll out a cranberry-red carpet in welcome of a Wareham, Eng- land couple in May. The couple is Mr. and Mrs. D. R. Gilmore. The town clerk of Wareham, England has sent a letter to Wareham, Massachusetts select- men, saying-, "Naturally we shall be very interested to hear from them an account of your town and hope you find it possible to give them an opportunity of seeing Wareham to the best advantage." The two chambers of commerce in Wareham, Wareham and Onset, a village of Wareham, have been notified and the Cranberry High- way Association as well. Special events are planned in Wareham and Onset in honor of the English couple. They will be shown the high-way from Middleboro to Bourne and along the Cape Cod Canal via route 6-A to Orleans. They will be guests of Cranberry Highway motels and restaurants and will be taken on special High- wmy tours. FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT PREFAERKATED R^AU UN!ON 6-3696 lOG RAfLROAE^S North Carver, Mass. WsHt«*M . J ,dlt^«ls ISSUE OF APRIL 1959 VOL 23 - NO. 12 \^^^^^'>^tude to budget meals) money (A homemakerS oTBPTCH YOUR MEAT DOLLAR A 56-page guide to help you stretch your meat dollar ! ■ Packed with recipes for budget meat dishes! ■ Special cost-cutting hints! ■ Diagrams showing which budget cuts of beef, veal, lamb, pork, poultry to ask for! ■ How to carve for more slices and less chunks! ■ How much meat to buy per person! ■ How to glamorize leftover meats! (Size: 5 3-4" x 8 3-4) Ocecu^ coupon today! HERE'S HOW TO GET YOUR FREE BOOK Just send the labels from two 1-lb. cans of Ocean Spray to: Ocean Spray, Dept. C Box 850 New York 46, N. Y. Please send me copies of the new book "How to Save Money on Meat." I've enclosed 2 Ocean Spray labels for each. Na me Address_ City _Zone_ .State_ ... the natural mate for every meat! '"'"^^ coupoti With book! Good for 5c Off OP Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail! INC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY PE COO ;W JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA MAY, and pretty Joyce Westgate, 19, Massachusetts savors a bouqiitl Mayflowers. (See page 6) (Cranberries iPho 35 Cents MAY 1959 ^f>*Mfm^-^^^''^'' DIR?i:CTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. The CHARLES W. HARRIS Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive txperience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAFPI .-\t Scieennouses, BoifS and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM MAS"^ Tel. CY 5-2000 ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES KEEP INFORMED ON CRANBERRY NEWS THROUGH CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE Tank Truck Service & High - Pressure Spraying WATER WHITE STODDARD KEROSENE SOLVENT TEL. 'UNiON 6-4545 BOTTLED GAS HEATING OILS COLEMAN HEATING AND AIR CONDITION- ING Touraine Paints Hard ware SANDVIK SCYTHES (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNioN 6-4480 Carver, Mass. TAKE ADVANTAGE of the BETTER things of life. The efficient USE OF ELECTRICITY is one of these better things — efficient use in power for cran- berry bog operations, and in the home. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH CYpress 5-0200 Pilgrim 6-1300 WATER WHITE KEROSENE STODDARD SOLVENT (METERED TRUCKS) Petroleum Sales & Service, Inc. 234 water street Plymouth, Mass. tel. pilgrim 6-1111 MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Maaa. One VOLTA OIL CO. Distributor of the Famous TEXACO WATER WHITE KEROSENE For your Bog STODDORD SOLVENT Tel. Pilgrim 6-1340 Plymouth, Mass. Rte. 44 Samoset St. Attention Growers ! ! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene "GRADE A" metered trucks STODDARD SOLVENT SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0093 J. W. Hurley Co. • COAT. • NEW ENGLAND COKE • FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE- For BOGS (METERED TRUCKS) 24-hour Fuel Oil Service Telephone CY 5-0024 341 Main St. WAREHAM Carver, Mass. Has More Bog Acres Than People Vermont has more cows than peoiDle, as has Wisconsin. The town of Carver in Massachusetts has more acres of bog than people, according to the latest census figures for both. There were 1669 people in Carver. There were 2918 acres. READ CRANBERRIES Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW Get the right product for every pest problem Use ... the first choice of Commercial Growers GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION 40 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. YOUR BEES-NESS IS MY BUSINESS RENTAL OF BEES $6.50 PER COLONY John Van de Poele West Abington, Mass. TRiangle 7-2656-R SHARON BOX COMPANY, Inc. ESTABLISHED 1856 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We Will Buy Your White Pine Logs, Either Standing or Cut * Highest Prices Paid * Sawmill located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon, Sunset 4-2012 Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Growers who received the ques- tionaire will recall that they were asked to give a frank appraisal of the present system. We have received an excellent return and the information was most help- ful to the frost committee. Results have been tabulated and the fol- lowing summary prepared: Many inquiries have come to our attention regarding the winter killing and leaf drop damage oc- Fungicides on "Soft" Bogs Temperatures in April averaged 1.7° per day above normal — the first month since last November when temperatures were aibove normal. Rainfall was slightly above average with 4.09 inches recorded at our station compared to a mean of 3.85 inches. Incident- ally, with temperatures and rain- fall above normal, our keeping- quality forecast was definitely not strengthened. Weather factors to date (May 7) strongly indicate the need for fungicides on those bogs that usually produce weak fruit if our marketing agencies are to have an adequate supply of sound fruit this fall. The month of May will have to be cool and dry if the Final Keeping Quality Forecast is to show any marked improvement. More on Frost Service List The first general frost warning- was released Wednesday, April 22, and was followed by another the next evening. Since that time, no general warnings were issued but we have been in touch with the inland bogs on several nights as these bogs tend to advance faster and drop to lower temperatures in the spring. The lowest tempera- ture reported during- this period was 16° and occurred at Green, R.I., on April 22. The frost warn- ing service has functioned smooth- ly and we are pleased to report that there are 197 subscribers to the telephone relay system, which is a definite increase over last year. Frost Questionaire Reference has been made in this column to a frost questionaire that was to be sent to those who have subscribed to the telephone service sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association. SUMMARY OF THE 1959 FROST WARNING QUESTIONAIRE Number receiving- the Questionairs 210 Number of growers returning the Questionaire 143 Percent returned 68% Percentage Yes No 1. Does the frost pad introduced last year for taking down the message sei-ve a useful purpose ? 92 8 2. Is the term Local Balance as used in the warnings under- stood ? 92 8 3. Do you know how your bog temperatures compare with the warnings? 96 4 4. Do the conditional warnings, such as "If winds die out" or "If it clears" convey helpful information? 99 1 5. Do you make use of the radio warnings which supple- ment the telephone relay system? 71 29 6. Do you think the Cranberry Station is taking too many chances on near or border line frost nights by not re- leasing a warning 19 81 7. Do you understand that these warnings were developed for the cooler than average bogs — not the coldest bog 96 4 8. Do you check weather conditions and your bog temp- erature on those nights when no warnings are released 77 23 9. Have you been seriously hurt by frost in the last few seasons on a night when no frost warning was released from the Station 7 93 10. Where are your thermometers located? Number indicat- ing on bog 51, on upland 43, other positions 5 11. Do you check the accuracy of your thermometers each season 74 26 12. What radio and TV weather programs do you depend on for your information? Number preferring WBZ - 50, Don Kent - 88, WHDH - 23, WEEI - 19, WBSM - 6, WOCB - 5, Miscellaneous 4. 13. Would daily radio weather forecasts dealing primarily with expected minimum bog temperatures and beamed to cranberry growers during the frost be a suitable alternative to our present telephone relay system 36 64 14. Any suggestions for improving the frost warning service would be greatly appreciated. A total of 22 made obser- vations or suggestions as follows: 12 expressed their general satisfaction with present system. 7 wanted earlier report in afternoon and evening. 1 wanted information on wind velocities. 1 wanted information on warning trends. 1 wanted warnings on borderline frost nights. Thre'e curling- on Massachusetts bogs this spring. This type of damage is difficult to appraise but, after numerous bog visits made by various members of our staff, there is general agreement that the crop may have been reduced by as much as 10 percent. Certain- ly, there is more of this damage, particularly winter killing, than we first expected. In late April, the writer was asked to arrange and appear on a cranberry TV show on Channel 5, Boston, featuring the production of Massachusetts' number one fruit. A miniature bog built by Bob Rich, of the National Cran- bex'ry Association was used on the show to illustrate certain produc- tion practices. We discussed the history of our industry, showed kodachrome slides of vai'ious bog operations and a display of old scoops used over 50 years ago. Check List for May to Mid-June The following reminders are called to the growers' attention: 1. Early spring pests will soon be with us. The trusty insect net is still the best method of locating weevils, false armyworms, blossom worms, spanworms, leafhoppers and fire worms. Sparganothis fruit worms, on the other hand, can best be detected by carefully examining the webbed tips of loosestrife. If these pests are con- trolled in May and June, parti- cularly those that have a new or second brood such as weevils and fireworms, they seldom create a problem later in the season. 2. May is a good month to treat brush, poison ivy and brambles on the uplands, using one of the brush killers. This practice will prevent the above weeds from spreading onto the bog. The low volatile esters of brush killers are erasonably safe for use on shores and uplands of greatly diluted — one part in 250 part of water. Brush killers should not be used with oil on dikes or shores next to the bog at this time of year because of damage to the turf. 3. The combination of fuel oil and kerosene should not be used on ''late water" bogs. In fact, this combination should not be used after mid-May on "early water" bogs because of serious damage to the vine growth. 4. Those using Stoddard Solvent after "late water'' should com- plete such work within 5 days after the flood has been withdrawn and within 8 days after kerosene is to ibe used. 5. Bogs that suffered winter killing damage would benefit from a little extra fertilizer at this time of year. WANTED Western Pickers (Used) Contact Oscar Norton Rochester, Mass. Tel. Rockwell 3-5385 - Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the Peop e of New England Since 1859 C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C. LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Four o ^^'''""'^"'''^^'^^^v^- Issue of May 1959 - Vol. 24 No. 1 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Ertere ■ -1 Slender stovepipe 1 Vtid'June Table 2 Yield, fruit size, fruit set. upright growth and fruit bud set or cranberry vines treated with I lb/ A <»f amitrol at five date^^ compared with untreated plots. Time of treatment Fruit Date Stage of Yield Cup count P'ruit set ( ; rowt h Biid.s growth ck. trt. ck. trt. ck. trt. ck. rrt. ck. trt. bbl/A bbl/A No. No. % % mm mm ^v- % May 6 White bud 99 104 7.5 7'] 27 22 7::! 79 40 4S May 26 Buds out ^/4 82 75 72 72 21 24 77 71 ;!7 12 June 19 Pink hook 81 67 7:^ 74 2f'. 1 ;• 7.T 78 44 42 July 11 Late bloom 82 77 72 7! 2o 2fi 75 70 34 39 Aug. 6 Fruit Buds forming. 84 89 71. 71 29 •>" "■:> 80 42 45 material. Excellent results from rhe use of this chemical have been , leported by Demoranville and Cross (2, 3, 4) in Massachusetts and Aldrich (1) in New Jersey. Experimental applications were made with a bicycle type plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 : gallons per acre of spray solution. Fan nozzles were adjusted to pro- vide a uniform distribution of spray at the top of the vines. Nozzle pressure was maintained at approximately 30 pounds per sq. inch. All rates of chemical appli- cation were calculated in pounds per acre of actual amitrol. To ob- tain the amount of 50% material needed per acre one must meirely multiply the given rate by two (I'ate per acre of actual amitrol X 2 equals rate per acre of 50% material ) . A list of weed species success- fully controlled, together with th^'- rate and date of application, is given in Table I. This list does not necessarily include all weeds ' that can be controlled with amitrol,' but does include those for which successful control has been demon- .^trated in Wisconsin. A number of weeds have shown considerable tolerance to amitrol applied at rates up to 6 tb/A. Among these are St. Johnswort, Jiardhack, feather fern, royal fern, sensitive fern, brown bUsh, hog bean, anemone, tall wiregrass, creeping .sedge, three square grass, rattlesnake grass, big stoveiaipe, wide leaf gTass, loosestrifieV'and lound rush. Amitrol sprays applied during the season of active cranberry vine growth have caused the de- ^■elopment of pink foliage on the new growth of the cranberries. High rates of amitrol have caused the development of intense pink color which has persisted for sev- eral weeks while low rates of ap- plication were followed by slight color development which persisted for one to two weeks. Applications made on producing vines after mid-July have not resulted in foliage color changes. An experiment designed to evaluate the effects of amitrol on the growth and fruiting of the cranberrv was conducted in 1957. Seven Applications were made at five stages of growth at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 4 lb/A of actual ami- trol. Measurements of yield, cup counts, fruit set percentages, growth, and fruit bud formation were obtained and are presented in Table 2. Because the low rates of application, 1 and 2 lb /A, produced no measurable effect on cranberry growth and development, these data were omitted from Table 2. The only important difference found for the 4 lb /A rate versus the untreated, resulted when the herbicide was applied at the pink hook stage of growth (June 19). The data showed a reduction in fruit set percentage, 26% vs. 19%, and a corresponding decrease in yield, 81 bbls. vs. 67 bbls. for the 4 lb/A and control plots, respece- ively. Upright growth, fruit size, and fruit bud set were not affected by amitrol treatments. These data agreed closely with those of De- moranville and Cross (2, 3, 4). This experiment and other studies made over the past four years showed that rates up to and including 4 lbs/A of amitrol could be applied at any stage of growth with little danger of serious in- jury to the cranberry vines. How- ever, 4 lb/A was near the maxi- mum amount that may safely he used during the critical period of blossoming and fruit set. Rates of application higher than 4 lb /A have been made in early spring and late summer with no injury to cranberry vines. In the course of the work with amitrol, a number of limitations on its use have been observed. a) The application of amitrol, when followed within 24 hours by rainfall, has resulted in the in- ferior degree of weed control. In general, it may be said that at least 24 hours between application and rainfall is necessary for any practical degree of effect from any given rate of application. b) Application of any given rate of amitrol to vigorously growing, young vines has resulted in a greater degree of injury than on less vigorous, bearing vines. e) Amitrol has little herbicidal effect when sprayed on the soil. The spray must be applied to the foliage of the plant in order to attain maximum effectiveness. d) In general, actively grow- ing weeds are more sensitive to amitrol than are dormant or ma- ture weeds. Therefore, it may be assumed that for many species higher rates of amitrol would be necessary in the fall than in May or June to obtain the same degree of control. e) In Wisconsin, early and severe fall frosts and mechanical harvesters reduce the likelihood of effective post-harvest amitrol applications because they destroy much of the weed foliage. It seems logical to assume that pre- bloom treatments offer the most promise for large scale use of this herbicide in Wisconsin cranberry bogs. The experimental work con- ducted on tne use of amitrol in Wisconsin cranberry bogs has shown that a great potential exists for its use as an herbicide for the control of several species of weeds. Undoubtedly, other weeds will be added to the list as more knowledge concerning its use is gained from continued experimen- tation. As was previously stated, amitrol is an important addition to the list of herbicides for com- plete weed control in cranberry hogs. Warning Growers are warned that the above article contains only re- search results, which are not to be taken as a recommendation for usint; amino triazole. Until label clearance from Federal Control Agencies is obtained, this material may not be used on producing vines before hai'vest. Literature Cited 1. Aldrich, R. J. 1956. A pre- liminary evaluation of weed control in cranberries I*roc. Amer. Cranb. Growers Assoc. 86:7-10. 2. Demoranville, I. E. and C. E. Cross 1957. Newest cranberry weed killer, alminotriazole. Cranberries 21 (12): 16-17. 3 , 1958. The ef- fects of amino triazole sprays on cranberry vines and their fruit. Cranberries 22 (1):11-12. 4 , 1958. The effects of amino triazole sprays on cran- berry vines and their fruit. Cran- berries 22 (11):11-12. FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safetv Controls, 6" Flex-o-seal suction pine and discharge fittings for each unit. L C. SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. You'll never know what a field can yield until you use You won't ever know what your field* can yield until you try the remarkable premium ferti- lizer. Rainbow Plant Food- Rainbow is several cuts above anything you've ever used be- fore . . . tailored for our local soils and crops, and scientifi- cally designed to feed crops aU season long. Put Rainbow on your own soil this year. See how much more a field can yield . . . when fertilized with Rainbow Premi- um Plant Food. Call us for full details. Ask Your Local Dealer INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. WOBURN, MASS. mtu You can stop fruit rots, get higher yields of cleaner berries with either DuPont PARZATE °> FERMATE zineb fungicide ferbam fungicide Now DuPont offers you two outstanding fungicides for control of cranberry fungus diseases. Both "Parzate" and "Fermate" give effective protection . . . prevent rot of the fruit on vines and greatly reduces rot while in storage. You'll find quality improves, yields increase when you use either of these fungi- cides. "Parzate" and "Fermate" are hard on disease, but mild on plants. There's minimum danger of stunting or burning tender flowers, leaves or fruit. Both fungicides can be applied by conventional or concentrate sprayers, and "Fermate" can also be applied as a dust. For most effective spray coverage and protection of waxy foliage, Du Pont Spreader-Sticker should be added to the mixture. ASK YOUR DEALER for full information and supplies of "Par- zate" and "Fermate". He'll be glad to give you free literature on both fungicides and on other reliable Du Pont products. E. 1. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), Grasselli Chemicals De- partment, Wilmington 98, Delaware. On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warnings carefully. PARZATE ^aimyiv FERMATE zineb fungicide ferbam fungicide Better things for better living . . . through chemistry Nin« The Cranberry Story FRESH CRANBERRY MARKETING PART THREE By Gilbert T. Beaton Secretary -Treasurer Cranberry Institute -^> Third in a series of 4 articles on the sored by the Cranberry Institute. Coming The marketing of fresh cran- berries was recorded as early as 1650 with the report from an early ship log, showing twenty-two casks of cranberries being shipped back to England with a load of ship's masts and spars. Upon their arrival in England, these cranberries were repacked in bottles to be sold. From bulletin No. 1109, published by the United States Department of Agriculture, comes this statement: "The note- worthy achievements of the cran- berry growers are the outcome of evolutionary practices based upon years of experience in selling- through groiwers' cooperative agencies." The result of organ- ized efforts in this industry are the more remarkable because of the unusual difficulties which must be overcome in the success- ful marketing of cranberries. The cranberry growers of the United States are widely sep- arated; the growing areas, Mass- achusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Washington and Oregon. Coop- erative marketing involves the coordination of the grov/ers in these widely separated localities into one central selling location. Marketing risks have been dis- tributed equally among all mem- bers of the Association by means of pooling systems. Pools are. in effect, a form of marketing- insurance. In 1895 a number of the larger growers of New Jersey and Massachusetts organized and in- corporated the Growers' Cranberrv history of tht- icianberry industry spon- - Part IV, Processed ■ Cranberries. Company. This company employed the most expert cranberry sales- men available at that time ami opened an office in Philadelphia. The Cape Cod Cranberry Sale.- Company, composed of Massachu- setts growers, was also organized about 1895 along the same gen- eral lines as the Growers' Cran- berry Company. The Cape Cud growers were iioi as fortunate in their choice of salesmen a.- were the Growers' Cranberry Lompanj. As a consequence, their company was less successful. At the time these two comnanies were operat- ing, the greater poi-tion of the crop was sold by growers to cash buyers who traveled through the cranberry districts, conducting sep- arate negotiations with each rrrower. In 19U2 there were ten important car-lot shippers and the severe competition among them often resulted in ciitthroai prac- t'ces. Jt was the disastrous year ol '906 which actually bi ought about the formation of a central cooper- ative selling association, the National Fruit Exchange. Alliance.- among dealers v.'ere formed in '"h-'t year for the purpose of at- tacking other dealers. Competi- tion of a vicious sort was resorted to, some buyers offering the grow- ers $5.50 a barrel and quoting the trade $5.00. On top of the de- moralized state of the trade came one of the largest crops that had been produced up to that time. The public was nut ready to con- sume .«uch a quantity. P'i.-es fell as low as 7Uc per barrel and carloads of berries weie never shipped because they would not bring enough to pay freight charges. Notwithstanding these adverse conditions, the co- operation that existed among the members of the Growers' Cran- berry Company an6 the established leputation of their brands en- abled them to sell their 1960 crop at fair prices. One member of the company received an average of S6.51 per barrel net for his entire crop, over 8,000 barrels. A new epoch in the history of i-ooperative marketing among V ranberi-y g-rowers began with organization and operation of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Com- pany in 1906. Over 90% of the growers in the state of Wisconsin joined the company. This organi- zation proved so successful that the selling agent was asked to come East and explain to the growers of New Jersey and Mass- achusetts the plan of organization oi the Wisconsin company. As a result, the New England Cran- iberry S'ales Company and the New Jersey Cranberry Sales Com- pany were formed in 1907. Ap- proximately 35 '7^ of the growers in Massachusetts and 30% of the growers in New Jersey joined the new association. The three state companies then formed a central selling organiza- tion known as the National Fruit Exchange. In 1911, the Growers' Cranberry Company with the Na- tional Fruit Exchange formed the American Cranberry Exchange. In the early 1920's, this company controlled about 75% of the total crop in Wisconsin and 65% in both Massachusetts and New Jer- sey. The first shipping containers used commercially were the cran- berry barrels, starting with the Civil War and staying- with us through World War I. The U. S. standard cranberry barrel, con- taining approximately one hun- dred pounds net, is the theoretical measure for cranberries and the United States Department of Agriculture still uses the barrel as a measure of production in re- AVT. Ten porting- annual crop figures. This was followed by the quarter-barrel box introduced in 1926. By 1931 the quarterJbarrel box was the stand- ard shipping container and contin- ued through World War II. The dimensions are 9%" x 101/2" x 15". Each box holds approximately twenty-five pounds net. Although cranberries had been retailed in transparent bags and window boxes before World War n, it was not until 1948 that a vigorous demand developed for pre-packaged cranberries. This was brought about by the develop- ment of large supermarkets and self-service stores. By 1949 and 1950, approximately 75% of the fresh cranberries were pre-pack- aged. Today it is approximately 100% in favor of pre-packaging. The consuming public looked upon the cranberry as a luxury rather than a prime necessity and generally considered it a holiday fruit. Thanksgiving and Christmas bring the turkey with its cran- berry sauce to the minds of the American people, (but Thanksgiv- ing and Christmas demands alone were not sufficient to suppoii; the industry. A national advertising fund suf- ficient to bring fresh cranberries forcefully to the attention of the consuming public has been created by means of an assessment of growers on the number of ban-els each produces. By cooperation, the cranberry growers are in a posi- tion to employ specialized busi- nessmen capafble of advising them regarding supply and demand forces and their probable effect on price and market conditions. Thus growers put themselves in a position to gauge the factors which influence the sale of their product and are better prepared to take advantage of market conditions as they find them. In- dividually the growers are unable to do this. Monthly availability expressed as percentages of total annual supply shows that 16% of the crop is marketed in September, 22% in October, 40% in Novem- ber 20% in December, an 1% in January, 1% in Febiniary, l^ of 1% in March. Marketing of fresh cranberries is to be ex- tended, as cranberries have come into more common use with all kinds of meats, for desserts and other purposes and not merely associated with turkey or chicken at Thanksgiving and Christmas. Present day distributors of Fresh Cranberries include the following: Distributors and Brand: National Cranberry Association, Ocean Spray; Beaton's Distribut- ing Agency, Beaton's; Decas Cranberry Company, Protection; Peter LaSage, Pals; Eric Hukari, Jumbo; Growers' Cranberry Com- pany, Grocran Co.; Indian Trail, Indian Trail; Habelman Bros., Habelman; Eagle River, Eagle River; Davis Cranberry Company, Blue Diamond; Claire Habelman; Hotz; -LaRocque; ..Union Cran- berry Company; Weatherby Cran- berry Company. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE Cellophane window boxes for fresh cranberries are appealing to look at and convenient to handle. AI>ove is an assortment of packages currently being used. AVT. JJleven Chemicals for Agriculture ROHM e HAAS COMPANY WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA 5, PA. DiTHANE is a trademark, Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. and iJi principal foreign countries. DITHANE Z-7^ FRESH FROM FIELDS (Continued from Page 6) vanced the season. The heavy bloom and good setting of berries in the first week of May indicates a bumper crop of blueberries. Dry weather practically eliminated gray mold in the clusters of flow- ers. Fields not sprayed for gray mold will probably produce as well as those sprayed. Mummy berry has hit a few plantations hard. On some it has done a useful amount of thinning of the crop. The use of calcium cyanamid on the ground to kill mummy cups was very suc- cessful, when properly timed. Clear, warm weather has been favoring pollenation of the blos- soms. Some good rains are need- ed at the present time (May 7) to prevent the development of a drought. WISCONSIN April Near Normal April averaged near normal in precipitation and temperature for the state as a whole. Precipitation was deficient in the north and west central areas, however. The snow cover disappenred the first of the month in all areas and the ice melted on the beds the second week of April. Temperatures were unseasonably cool tne first half of the month and above normal precipitation and near normal to above normal temperatures for the cranberry areas. Winter Heaving Winter floods were removed the third week of the month or about one week later than the normal date of April 15th and two weeks later than last year. Considerable heaving was noted and deep frost was still reported in some areas at the end of the month. Growers were expected to do considerable re-flowing to level beds and to pull out the deep frost. Most marshes waited until they had eight to ten inches of frost out of the beds before pulling the floods, in order to prevent possible fur- ther heaving. The heavy snow cover in the south melted slowly and the ground absorbed most of the I'unoff, resulting in little flood vv^ater. Reservoir supplies were re- ported in good shape in all areas. Vines In Good Condition Growers were busy the last week of the month fertilizing, pruning and combing. Preliminary inspections showed the vines to have come through the winter in veiy good condition. The 1959 Wis. Cranberry Fro3t Warning Service begins operations May 1. James Georg re- on turned to Madison for his sixth consecutive season. At the end of (Continued on Page 19) HORTICULTURAL SALES 35 South Main St. West Bridgewater, Mass. "Bob Mossman" Prop. Tel. JUniper 3-9112 CRANBERRY GROWERS SUPPLIES WEED AND BRUSH KILLERS WEEDAZOL (50% AMINO TRIAZOLE) Insecticides — Fungicides — Herbicides Aerial Spraying and Dusting . HEMCGif^Eli PEST CONTROL ins NORW /OOD. MASS. I DUSTING and SPRAYING RAY MORSE, Agent TEL. CYPRESS 5-1553 Thirteen Cranberries In North America By F. B. Chandler Research Professor, Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. Production and yield of cran- berries may be considered sev- eral ways, such as the production for the state or section, average yield per acre, trends per acre over a period of years, maximum yield per acre, or the percentage of the United States crop pro- duced by different sections. Any one of these alone gives only a partial picture. The five-year average produc- tion of cranberries for the United States has risen from 370,600 barrels in 1900-1904 to 1,043,100 for the four years 1955-1958. This is an increase of nearly three times. During the same period, the Massachusetts production has increased from 240,200 barrels to 542,800 barrels, or over twice. The New Jersey production has been quite uniform, showing a slight decline from 100,200 to 82,300 barrels. The Wisconsin production has increased ove- eleven times, from 28,600 to 319,800 barrels. Data for Was^-- ington and Oregon is only avail- able for 35 years (other sections 59 years) and that s'^ct^o^ '^'i- increased the cranberry crop three t"mes. from 23,500 to 78,7r0 barrels. The production data is illustrated in a graph. When the average yield per acre is considered, Massachusetts has doubled since the turn of the century. New Jersey has near^/ tripled, Wisconsin has more th-n tripled, an on the West Coast t'^-^ yield per acre has nearly doubled. These statements do not give a true picture of the yield per aero because sections did not all start at the same yield. New Jersey started with about 11 barrels per acre, Massachusetts 20 barrels per acre, and Wisconsin 22 barrels per acre. However, until after 1934 the Wisconsin yield per acre was below that of Massachusetts. Wisconsin's average yield per acre from 1930 to 1934 was 23.1 barrels, and 25 years later was 79.4 barrels. During the same time, Massachusetts' yield per acre has gone from 30.1 to 41.4 barrels. The yield per acre started high on the West Coast, dropped below 20, and has since risen to over 70 harries (see graph). The maximum yield of cranber- ries per acre would be another measure of production, but unfor- tunately little information is val- uable. In Oregon, over 300 bar- rels per acre has been reported by word of mouth and similar re- ports have come from Wisconsin. However, Anderson published in Cranberries, June 1951, a list of 25 bogs of known consistent yield capacities. This list contained on« bog at 300 barrels, one at 275 barrels, four at 200 barrels, two at 180 barrels, one at 175 barrels, and two at 150 barrels (the low- est was 10 barrels.) The high for Massachusetts and New Jersey probably is about 225 barrels. Another method to study pro- duction is to determine the per- centage of the United States crop produced by diffterent sections. Massachusetts has been producing 50 to 60 percent most of the time in this century. New Jersey start- ed witlh about 40 percent and has dropped to about 10 percent. Wis- consin started with a little over 5 percent and is now producing over 30 percent of the United States crop. The West Coast has also shown quite an increase and now produces over 9 percent, (see graph). The reader who has gone /ioO OS /o /^ ZO MS^ ^6 ^^ ^ SS- /^ Fourteen through the preceding' four para- graphs realizes that the different methods of measuring the cran- berry crop do not all give the same impression. Production alon ' shows Massachusetts well above the others, New Jersey low but quite uniform, and the western section very low but has increased considerably. The production lines on the graph sihow much more rise than similar curves for acreage (not illustrated). Prob- ably the most misleading is yield 600 sso SCO ioo 3S0 ' I I I I I . . . /foo I \ I I T . V 06 /C /6' ZO JiT ^50 SS -fO -fS S6 SS/did 60 so ic ss\ 30 20 /Tl /O S o rcrce^tese o^ C(,S Crop Ayerasc. cf SjfCars fis V^oshj^^!:^ o\ /^co OS /o /s zo zs JO ^s^ ^0 is so ss per acre. This might be called the yield the grower is paid for. In the east, many berries are raised but not taken (loss with dry picking). Then, too, Washington had a very damaging frost in 1958 yet they had 63.3 barrels per acre (57,000 barrels on 900 acres) because the cranberry growers who protected their crop from frost had 150 to 190 barrels per acre. The yield per acre for a growing section is not as im- portant as it is to an individual because the individual must di- vide his fixed per acre cost toy the number of barrels to get the per barrel cost. This has a great bearing on the profit. The percent- age of United States data shows the trend, and since 1950 or 1955 there has been a definate trend west. Possibly in the future more valuable data could be obtained by getting yield per acre in the sur- veys. Such data would give the number of people who harvested 300, 250, 200, 150 or 100 barrels per acre. This information would be much more valuable than such expressions as yield per acre. The next chapter of Cranberries in North America will be a sum- mary of the seven chapters which have appeared in Cranberries, starting with the September 1958 issue. /$» First Quarter NCA Sales Up Cranberry Juice is gaining in popularity as a breakfast fruit juice and a refreshing appetizer for dinner and through the day, according to Ocean Spray sales figures. Ambrose C. Stevens, gen- eral manager of NCA announced a 667c increase in national sales of cranberry juice in the first quarter of 1959. Sale of all Ocean Spray pro- cessed products was up 31% for the first quarter. In a Newsletter to National Cranberry's, l^r/o gr<>wer-mem^ bers, Mr. Stevens said that if Ocean Spray continues to fulfill its sales quota in the current quarter, the next payment to growers of $1.00 a barrel will be paid in mid-June, Fifte'en W. F. RUTTER INCORPORATED 19 CONGRESS ST. BOSTON, MASS. CApital 7-6377 INVESTMENT SECURITIES We will buy odd lots of the common and preferred stocks of Tfie National Cranberry Association FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. **Cranberry Crusadi] Marches On It was meet that the Nation Live Stock and Meat Board's Coo' ing School in Allentown, Pen sylvania should include demonstr tion of a cranberry loaf and th; the news should reach Cranben Crusade Chairman John Y. Kohl Ever alert to recruiting ne Crusaders, Editor Kohl hurried i Lyric Theatre and while Rul Hogan was stirring up her era) berry bread, Mr. Kohl told hi and the 1200 women in attendam about the Cranberry Crusade an how cranberry sauce goes wit any meat. (Mr. Kohl happens t have Ocean Spray's new cookin guide, ''How To Save Money 0 Meat", in his own Kitchen.) Mr. Kohl climaxed his talk b making Miss Hogan an honorar member of the Crusade and rea the following citation: To Whom It May Concern: This is to certify that in vie\ of her remarkable culinar; achievements with cranberries Miss Ruth Hogan, assistant direc tor of the Homemakers Servic Dept., National Live Stock am Meat Board, Chicago, Illinois, has been named an Honorary Memibei of the famous Cranberry Crusad( of the Sunday Call-Chronicle, Al lentown, Pennsylvania. May she ever carry high th( banners of the Cranberry Crusade The cranberry-meat intervie^w was enthusiastically reported in Mr. Kohl's column, "This An( That'', in the Sunday Call Chron- icle May 3. (The story of this campaign for larger and more frequent servings in public eating places appearec in the April Issue.) "DICK" BEATTIE ON TV CRANBERRY SHOW J. Richard Beattie, Cranberry Specialist at Massachusetts Ex- periment Station v/as principal participant on the "Joe Kelley" program televised from Boston WHDH at noon April 24. This was received by many cranberry growers with much interest. Sixteen Kill All Major Cranberry Insects with Malathion • Helps You Avoid Residue Problems • Offers Safety in Use \ Five seasons use has proved mal- ; athion's superiority as a cranberry I insecticide. Early spraying or dust- ! ing with malathion protects the 1 new crop against damage from I black and yellow-headed fireworms, I false armyworms, blossom worms, tipworms, cutworms and blunt- nosed leafhoppers. Later in the season, malathion controls the highly destructive fruitworm. OfiFers safety in use Malathion is a phosphate insecti- cide with loiv toxicity to man and animals. Its wide safety margin makes it ideal for air application . . . especially in and around popu- lated areas. Avoid residue problems Malathion's fast disappearing resi- dues allow application on cranber- ries up to 72 hours before harvest. photo courtesy of the Nntionnl Cranberry Association Residues will be well below the limits established by law. Compatible with other chemieals Malathion is compatible with most fungicides and other insecticides... another reason why so many growers are making it the basic insecticide in their spray schedules. American Cyanamid Company, Agricultural Division, New York 20, New York. S«venteen H 6 1 p i ii g Cranberries Grow Better ITHO offers a crop protection program tailor-made for your area Your ORTHO Fieldman knows the particular problems of your area wherever you farm. When you buy the ORTHO program you get the bene- fit of this technical field service, a half century of research, and all the scientific experience that makes ORTHO America's number one line of agricultural chemicals. Massachusetts Springfield Hudson There are ORTHO offices to serve you in the Nation s Cranberry growing areas Uew Jeissy Haddonfield Moorestown Canbury Wisconsin Janesville Sturgeon Bay Washington Yakima Seattle Walla Walla Wenatchee Oregon Portland ORTHO California Spray - Chemical Corp. A SUBSIDIARY OF CALIFORNIA CHEMICAL COMPANY RICHMOND CALIF WASHINGTON D. C. Eigrhtficn .FRESH FROM FIELDS (Continued from Page 13) bhe month vines were still quite dormant and frost protection was not needed unless temperatures dropped drastically. Planting Searles — Bain McFarlin Plans were under way to plant over two hundred new aci'es in the state, but it was doubtful if some of the new area would be ready to plant. Most of the plant- ing would be Searles followed by Bain McFarlins. Cranberries In Russian Market Fifty Years Ago (This is from the Wareham Courier, Wareham, Massachusetts of fifty years ago:) 0. G. Malde of Wisconsin on his way back from Europe noticed . some cranberries in a shop in , Liverpool. On making inquires he > found that they were grown in Russia and were about the size of what is known as pie berries in Wisconsin. They were in poor shape being soft and mushy. The dealer informed Mr. Malde that he had handled American berries and there was a good sale for them but that he had not been able to get them of late. The foreign market is being neglected. There is an opportunity to sell American cranberries abroad if anyone would take advantage of it LARGER SAUCE PACK IN '58 THAN '57 The cranberry sauce pack for 1958 exceeded that for 1957, ac- cording to statistics of National Canners Association, Washington, D. C. The United States total for 1957 was 5,752,320 cases, while that for 1958 was 6,114,624. The re- port is a summary of reports from all canners known to have packed sauce in 1958. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES FLOWABLE PARATHION 400 is ideal for use on cranberries. It is a modern formulation of parathion. . .a water-base emulsion offering all the advantages of parathion with these additional benefits: Less hazardous to handle. .. and greater safety to plants than emulsifiable concentrates. It contains no solvents or oils, can be used in all types of sprayers, and is compatible with a wide range of insecticides and fungicides. Flowable Parathion 400 is a Stauffer specialty. It's avail- able at your dealer. See him now. Stauffer Chemical Company One East 47th Street New York 17, N.Y. WMBMm SINCE Nineteen Leasure-Koller Photos In the first installment of the Manitowish Waters story, Mani- towish Waters, Wisconsin, was an account of the Leasure-Koller Cranberry Company, largest hold- ing there, :;^artners of which com- pany are Bert Leasure of Chicago and his son-in-law, Frank R. Rol- ler, who does most of the active n-.anagement. These photos, omitted previously, due to lack of space, give a graphic account of this progres- sive cranberry producing unit and £how the high degree of practical and modern mechanization which the company utilizes. Frank R. Roller (Cranberries Photo) In the next issue the story of Manitowish Waters will be con- tinued. There will also be a timely article upon hail, by Dr. George L. Peltier of Wisconsin. Home of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Roller, with canai running beneath it. quarters above. Unique arrangement of the Cranberry industry. Pumps on ground floor, living (Cranberries Photo) Twenty Inside milling room, showing sorting tables and table elevators, etc. Mills are outside in warehouse, packing is done outside also, to keep berries out of warm milling room as much as possible. Leasure-KoUer Cranberry Co. Showing packaging and sealing equipment, Leasure- Keller. Twentyone Late Massachusetts Vine growth conditions changed rapidly from late April and the first few days of May. Up to the 14th temperatures had averaged about four degrees ahead and this pushed growth along I'apidly, whereias before this had been tardy. With such rapid growth this could pose a frost problem for growers during the rest of May and into early June. There is plenty of water for bogs with frost flow. Frost damage to end of first two weeks of May had been very slight. For best quality results May should also have been on the cool side, rather than so warm. Sun- shine factor was up, a good point in favor of the crop of 1960. The month was dry except for two rains which brought it up to about normal. The first was on the first day, ,64 indh and .84 on the 13th. As the spring has advanced in additions to winter injury on bogs, it is developing that throughout Massachusetts and most of New England the bitter months of the winter raised much havoc with all sorts of ornamental shrubbery and many trees. Massachusetts Now Has Official Cranberry Highway Governor Furcolo of Massachu- setts has issued a pz'oclamation proclaiming the week of May 24 to May 30 as "Cranberry High- way Week". Governor Furcolo, it has been reported, has signed the bill making official the name Cranberry High- way along Route 28 from the Middleboro traffic circle to Buz- zards Bay and along Route 6A from Sagamore to Orleans. In the proclamation, the Gover- nor urges ''The people of Mass- achusetts to help and join in its observance during that week and thereafter, each in his own way to join in this effort to tell all the Northeast about this magnif- icent highway to Cape Cod." The proclamation is to be sent to all State public buildings, all post offices and all public schools. The official naming of Cranberry Highway culminates some five months of work by the Cranberry Twentytwo Highway Associates. A huge dedicatory parade is planned to run the entire length of the high- way, about 70 miles next month. Tentative date for the parade and ceremonies is June 7. INGREDIENTS Success is largely a matter of ways and means — winning ways and sufficient means. CRANBERRIES PROVIDES A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS Aerial Spraying and Dusting also Fertilizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weitbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 I I REA CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKING Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness (^) CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO- syrups • BOSCO' chocolate flavored syrop NIAGARA* instant starch • LINIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO ' dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO' corn and gloss starches I I »■ - ^ttaaais ISSUE OF Vol. 24 MAY 1959 - No. 1 COMMEMORATIVE CRANBERRY STAMP ? The suggestion of a commemorative stamp showing cranberry harvesting, and in honor of Thanksgiving has been made by Vernon Goldsworthy of Eagle River, Wisconsin. The matter has been taken up with Wisconsin's Senator Alexander Wiley and been forwarded to the United States Post Office Department. Goldsworthy received a reply in April. This was not too encouraging, that such a stamp might be issued. L. Robe Walter, special assistant to the Postmaster General, replied that many requests for commemor- ative stamps are received, because of this, selection of subjects is a most difficult task. He continued there are many such stamps the Post Office would like to issue, but that "we cannot honor even a small fraction of the requests that come to us however worthy they may be." Letter continued, however, that the proposal will be kept on file for consider- ation with future stamp programs. The issuance of such a stamp would probably be of no vital importance to the cranberry industry. But we can think of no harm it would do and there could be benefits. Certainly any stamp collectors with interests within the industry would appreciate, such a stamp especially and so would others. This might be something for state cranberry growers associations, cranberry clubs and/or the Cranberry Institute to become interested in and work for. The Institute as the over-all-industry unit might be the most effective in getting this postal recognition. STARTING OUR 24TH YEAR With this issue we start our 24th year of publishing CRANBERRIES. As we have said before, on anniversary occasions this has involved a lot of hard work and also a lot of pleasure. We know we are ^^H^.w^c««e««,«^ -— ■■■^■■^^■■^^M^^M ■ iH^— •■■ -§■■ CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Dr. Washington CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMUNSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey giving a valuable service or you growers would not continue to subscribe year after year, making publication possible. We believe we have served our advertisers well, too. As we go into our 24th year, it is most gratifying to be able to say, as do many others, that we firmly believe the industry is on its first real upswing in a number of years. There are pessimists, but the optomists out number. Twentythree NCA Expects To Pay Next Advance Of $1.00 In June NCA Board of Directors, meet- ing at Haddonfield, New Jersey- April 24th, voted among other matters, that the next advance payment on the 1958 pool be |1.00 ^Kai 'util Wisconsin Crown MERCHANDISING and MARKETING, MR. GROWER, is our SPECIALTY [iJuuil^aU FROZEN FRESH WHOLE chanberries CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH IN THE FROZEN FOOD CASE INDIAN TRAIL Inc. P.O. Box 710 Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin per barrel and be made the middle of June. This was if the corpora- tion made it's sales quota. About 150 were on hand to hear talks by President George C. P. Olsson, General Manager Ambrose E. Stevens and Drew Flegan, direc- tor of advertising and promotion. Meeting lasted two days with a tour of Jersey bogs and blueberry land under the direction of Edward V. Lipman, who commented from the front seat of a bus. A visit v/as made to the Bordentowi. Plant, where the delegation was hosted by Enoch Bills. A vote was taken to include the brand name "Ocean Spray" in a change in the corpoi'ate name. Selection of a specific recommen- dation was deferred until the next meeting in Massachusetts June 26. New name, when agreed upon, will be submitted to stockholders for approval at the annual August meeting. WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS - WETTABLE POWDERS EMULSIONS Parafhion — Malathion Ferbam — Dowpon Amino Triazole Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. P.O. BOX 584 MADISON, WIS. Phone Alpine 7-1019 mimfm-ii <■/-' ff -" -< > > \-i*^^^ OUR PRODUCTS I Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN Ili'HIi'HIi Twentyfour WISaONSIN GROW FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCS, of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Gctsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA ******* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point Hume Products Corp. Manufacturers of Grass Removal Equipment and Conveyors for Cranberry Growers For Information Write : Hume Products Corp. c/o Cranberry Products Inc. Eagle River, Wisconsin CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine We're selling cranberries months out of the year! These are the ads that do the job! 2 Month after month we're promoting Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce as "the natural mate for every meat"! Big, 4-color ads in LADIES' HOME JOURNAL, BETTER HOMES AND GARDENS, GOOD HOUSEKEEPING, SUNSET . . . plus hard-selling TV commercials . . . tell the story. They make people more cranberry-conscious . . . help build sales of fresh berries as well as processed . . . make cranberries a "natural" all year long! And — all summer long a big special barbecue promotion offering a guaranteed $2.79 value barbecue chef knife for only $1.00 and 2 Ocean Spray labels. As a topper — juice is being marketed in new areas through exciting, new ad campaigns! I Your business GROWS when you grow and sell through NCA National Cranberry Association, Hanson, Massachusetts. Tel. Bryantville — CYpress 3-6311 ING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY PE COO W JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA JUNE is the month of blossoms. (See Page 9) CC KANBERRIES Pii 35 Cents JUNE 1959 .i.jiirim?}^iW!m^ pn^ECTORY TOR CRANBERRY GROWltRS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STOUDAKD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRV GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available lor sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARRIS Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM. MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Lxperience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED FAFFI At Scrtenhouse;. boes and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MA^'^ Tel CY 5-2000 Member Federal Deposit insurance Corp. ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES PIRf:GTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS READ CRANBERRIES »^^sf" BURLAP BAGS PICKING MACHINES MADE TO ORDER WHITMAN BAG CO. WHITMAN MASS. Peter B. Berman Tel. JUniper 3-6466 l:;|i^ Thorough Pollination Is Good Crop Insurance Let Our Honey Bees Do It For You MERRIMACK VALLEY APtARIES, INC. Formei-ly BLUE HILL APL4KIES 47 Pond Street Bilierica, Mass. Phone Montrose 3-3079 TOURAINE PAINTS HARDWARE SANDVIK SCYTHES . 1 ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) ALUMINUM SNATHS CYCLONE - FERTSLSZERS & SEED SOWERS WEEDOZOL OPEN SUNDAYS 9 AM. - 1 P.M. CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNiON 6-4480 Carver, Mass. VOLTA OIL CO. Distributor ul the Famous TEXACO WATER WHITE KEROSENE For your Bog STODDORD SOLVENT Tel. PUgriai ti-iy4U Plymouth. Mass. Kte. 44 Bainoset St. JUNE la the month of the longest aayhght hours, but — ELECTRICITY Continues to play an important, time-saving parr in cranberry activities. Make the greatest use of ]>' every month in the 12. Plymouth County Electric Co WAREHAM Tel. Wareham 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. pilgrim 6-1300 J. W. Hurley Co. • COAL • NEW ENGLAND COKE • FUEL OIL Water White -KEROSENE- For BOGS (MKTERKD TRUCKS; 24-hour Fuel Oil Service relephone CY 5-0024 341 Main St. WAREHAM CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES snooks, or iNaiied Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yotirself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. ilmon d-3330 North Carver, Mast. Ore Washington Station Report 1959 (Editor's Note: the following is a summary of the work carried on at the Cranberry-Blueberry Ex- pei-iment Station at Long- Beach, and also Grayland area. It is signed by Dr. Charles C. Doughty, station director and Dr. Folke Johnson and Dr. Maksis Eglitis of the Western Washington Ex- periment Station.) Attention Growers ! ! for your Spring weed control we offer water white kerosene "GRADE A" metered trucks STODDARD SOLVENT SUPERIOR FUEL COMPANY Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0093 Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW I WEED CONTROL During the 1957 season the fol- lowing herbicides were tested for weed control in bearing cranberry wines: Alanap - 3 (207^ granular formulation made especially for this trial), Vapam (31% emul- sion), neburon (18% WP), and ATZ (amitrol 50% WP). Only amitrol produced sufficient weed FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safety Controls, 6" Flex-o-seal suction pipe and discharge fittings for each unit. L C. SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. Get the right product for every pest problem Use . . . the first choice of Commercial Growers GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION ♦0 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. YOUR BEES-NESS IS MY BUSINESS RENTAL OF BEES John Van de Poele West Abington, Mass. TRiangle 7-2656-R control to warrant further test- ing-. It was applied at 2, 4, and 8 pounds of .50';/r WP per acre in .300 gallons of water. Four appli- cations were made at these rates. ! The first on April 25, when the weeds were 4 to 8 inches high. Other applications were made at ;] to 4 week intervals as needed except during the blossoming- period. The last application was August 9, 1957. Amitrol provided good control over Equisetums (horsetails), tideland clover (Tri- folium fimhriatum), Sedges (such as nutgrass) and Juncus species (onion grass). Yellow weed (Lysi- machia terrestris and sorrel (Ru- mex species) were only partially controlled and were somewhat tol- erant to amiti'ol. In 1958 Vapum, neburon, ami- trol (ATZ), and Alanap-20G were tested again. In addition simazin and a Geigy chemical company herbicide No. 444E were tested. Again amitrol produced good re- sults on the same weeds as in 1957. Two applications (4 and 8 lbs. of BO'Tr WP per acre) were applied May 5 and again July 8. More injury was noted from ATZ last year than 1957. This probably is due to the drier weather and to a lower amount of water per aci'e. It appears probable that less injuiy to the vines will appear if ATZ is applied in 300 gallons per acre than in lower amounts. Herbicide plots in 1958 on young vines where the soil was not com- pletely vined over included these materials: Geigy 444E at 4, 6, 8 and 10 lbs. actual per acre, Sim- azin 507r WP at 1, 2, 4, and 8 lbs. actual per acre and Alanap-,3 at 8, 16, an-d 24 lbs. actual per acre. Simazin at 8 lbs. actual per acre provided the best control ovei horsetail, onion grass, louse grass, and some other Juncus and Sed- ges. However, Simazin at 2 and 4 lbs. actual per acre and Ala- nap-3 at 8 and 16 lbs. actual per acre provided fairly good control; similar to that obtained in 1957. There is one effect from Simazin which has be evaluated yet. Ex- perience with this material on strawberries indicates that it has a tendency to accumulate in the (Continued on Page 4) Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist One of the warmest Mays in Weather Bureau history was en- joyed in the cranberry area. Temip- eratures averaged nearly 5 de- grees per day above normal, mak- ing the second consecutive month this year when temperatures were on the balmy side. The result is an advanced season — possibly a week or so ahead of last year at this date (June 10). This has been quite a contrast to the cool, wet spring experienced a year ago. There is one similarity, however, and that involves the frequency of frost warnings. Thirteen warnings have been released this spring as of June 10th, compared to 17 dui-- ing the same period in 1958, 19 in '57, and only 6 in 1956. Just for the record, 41 warnings were issued in the spring of 1949. These include, of course, both the after- noon and evening forecasts. Frost damage at this time appears to be negligible; however, "umbrel- las" are common on many bogs which indicates that if tempera- tures had dropped another degree or two on these bogs, damage could have been rather substan- tial. Keeping Quality While we have enjoyed this spring, weather factors since April have added only one point to the final keeping quality forecast which was released June 4th and is as follows: "FINAL KEEPING QUALITY FORECAST: Examin- ation of weather records from April through May gave us only 1 additional point, and when added to the 2 points accumulated prior to April makes a total of only 3 out of a possible 16 which favor good keeping quality fruit next fall. The prospects, therefore, are not favorable for the general keeping quality of the 1959 Mass- achusetts cranberry crop unless corrective steps are taken. Proper control measures for fruit rot are carefully outlined in the new charts and fungicide treatments will be needed on many "early" and "late water" bogs. Growers, shippers, the trade, and consumers benefit from "sound fruit". It should be clearly understood that these forecasts serve only as guides and to that extent are a useful tool as has been demon- strated in the majority of years that they have been released. The county agents arranged six field meetings the last of May and early June to acquaint growers with the latest information on the control of insects, diseases, and weeds, plus timely information on water management and the use of fertilizers. These sessions were unusually well attended. Live material was used to help teach the growers the identification of early spring insects and weeds. This technique has proved to be particularly effective. Insect Activity Insect activity as of June 10 has varied considerably this spring. Blackhead fireworms and Spar- ganothis fruitworms have been very active, while weevils and green spanworms have not been too troublsome except on a few properties. Cutworms such as false armyworms and blossom worms have been about normal. Bluntnosed leafhoppers are just beginning to make their appear- ance as tiny nymphs and no doubt will require treatment on many bogs. The second brood of fire- worms could cause considerable trouble on those bogs that were treated late for the first brood or received no treatment. The millers are now plentiful on these bogs, indicating the need for careful checking for the second brood of fireworms in late June or early July on "early water" bogs. We would like to stress again the importance of using the insect net as a method of determining the types of insects present and whether they are numerous, enough to warrant treatment. Bogs should he "swept" every 4 or 5 days from mid-May to about mid July. The county agents and the men at the Cranberry Sta- tion are always willing to teach or demonstrate the use of the insect net. Weeds Growers attending the May and early June clinics were encouraged to learn about a new method of checking loosestrife. The treat- ment is not on the chart because further research is needed. How- ever, one year's work shows some promise in burning down this weed for at least one season and in giving some degree of con- trol. The treatment involves the "wiping technique" using 2,4-D — 2,4,5-Tester brush killer (4 lbs. acid equivalent per gallon or 2 lbs. of 2,4-D plus 2 lbs. 2,4,5-T) in kerosene. The suggested dilu- tion is one part of the above brush killer and 20 parts of kerosene. The top of the loosestrife plant should be carefully wiped with this mixture 2 or 3 times a sea- son, using every precaution not to touch the cranberry vines. iGreater use of weed clippers is suggested where grasses, sedges, and rushes are a problem and chemical weed treatments have had to be postponed. One final weed note to-date, no tolerance has been established for Amino . iTriazole. Only after harvest treatments have been approved and they are outlined on the new weed chart. Wise use of fei'tilizerS: will im- prove many bogs, including those damaged by winter kill and leaf drop. The 1958 fertilizer chart contains the recommended rates of application. Growers are reminded that urea can be combined with insecticides and fungicides and is non-corrosive to equipment. Three REPORT 1958 (Continued from Page 2) soil and become toxic to the fruit plants where it is applied at more than one or two lbs. actual per acre. Since 1958 was the first year this material was tested, this ef- fect cannot be evaluated until the 1959 season. In blueberries the combinations of ATZ plus dalapon at 4 and 8 lbs. and 4 and 12 lbs. actual per acre and Karmex plus ATZ at 4 and 4 lbs. actual per acre again provided good control over quack- grass, velvet grass, sorrel, horse- tail, and chickweed. Higher rates than these caused some leaf chlo- lorsis but it did not appear to re- strict fruit bud formation for 1059 crop. None of these materials have heen cleared for use on blue- berries. The application of these herbicides was as a ground cover ^ray around the base of the blueberry bushes. No spray was applied to the foliage of the ber- ries. (To Be Continued) Cranberry Clinics Well Attended PMrst of the Massachusetts cranberry "clinics" took place May 26 with excellent attenden- ees, about 65 at NCA plant, Han- son at 2 p.m. and nearly as many at State Bog at 7 p.m. Dominic A. Marini, County Agent Exten- sion conducted the sessions. It develof)ed that the usual amount of spring insects are working, span woi-m was espe- cially heavy and there were infes- tations of cut-worms, spargano- this and plenty of blackheaded fireworms, against all of which control measui"es were being used. Other topics concerned weeds, identification and control, ferti- lizer recommendations, extent of winter injury and frost damage and other bog management sug- gestions. Frost losses, despite a number of frosts, is called practically nil, and Dr. C. E. Cross said the bud iooks better than would have been expected in view of the severe winter conditions. Participating in the discussion were J. Richard Beattie, cranberry specialist, and various members of the Experiment Station staff. iSimiliar meetings were held May 28 at Makepeace screenhouse. West Barnstable and NCA at North Harwich. Four WISCONSIN HARVEST PLAN Report from good authority reaches us that a plan for Wis- consin harvest is being advanced which would reduce the cost of harvest, hauling and storage of cranberries. The plan would call for ventilated storage which will keep fruit in much better condi- tion. All to be accomplished less cost than present methods any cranberry growing area, is said. Subscribe To Cranberries Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECIL.L, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING RAKING FERTILIZING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C. LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Issue of June 1959 - Vol. 24 No. 2 Publinhed monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusptts. Subscription $3.60 per year, interfd as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the poit-oflfice at Wareham, Madaehxiiettt, under the Act of March 8, lITt ■RESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. •MASSACHUSETTS Frosty Period iFrost warnings were issued rom Cranberry Station through - flay 15 to 18th inclusive, giving growers a troublesome, sleepless, leriod. The worst night was that if the 17th when a warning of 12-23 degrees was sent out and emperatures generally averaged ibout that with one 19. There was a-obably some slight damage that light and perhaps a little on )thers, but no general serious lurt. Bogs at that point could vithstand 26. That most flowable bogs were inder frost flood continuously in- o the fifth day would not be con- lusive to crop possibilities. May Very Hot By end of first three weeks jf May temperatures were ap- jroximately 95 degrees above the lormal, or more than four a day, vhile on the 21st there was an ill-time record high for the date Boston) of 9'3 degrees. Except for the last two days )f May, heat records would have been shattered for the highest May average in one hundred and twenty years. The record (Bos- ton) showed a plus of 149 de- grees for the month or nearly five a day above the norm. Boston is usually a few degrees warmer in summer than the Cape but heat extended down into the Hanson-Carver area in Plymouth County. From Falmouth it was reported about four degrees a day warmer than last year. May heat was not desired for the coming crop, but dryness was. May Drier Normal May rainfall for the Experiment Station East Ware- ham is 3.48 inches. The total re- corded for May was 2.47. At Fal- mouth it was 3:04, so, over the cranberry area in general it was a drier month. Bud Surprisingly Good Bud throughout Massachusetts was described as surprisingly good in view of the severe winter. It was also reported as spotty. At end of May there was beginning blossom on a number of bogs. Frost Damage Almost Nil At the end of May frost injury had been chalked down at the Sta- tion as practically nil. There has also been a very con- siderable amount of sanding which would normally reduce prospects. At end of May growers were generally talking the crop down seemingly certainly not as larger than average. Sunshine Up Sunshine for the month was a good 73 percent of possible hours. That is a point in favor of the size of the 1960 yield. NEW JERSEY May Dry May was another dry month (even drier than April) with a total rainfall of 1.80 inch, or 1.97 inch below normal. For cran- berries this was important chiefly in the way it may affect stream- HAIL IS ON THE WAY WATCH OUT. MR. GROWER PROTECT YOUR PRODUCTION COSTS If you had a loan and lost your crop by hail you would still have to pay — let Hail Insurance do this for you. Our new policy protects the berries and vines against hail and fire from the time the water is off in the Spring until after harvest. CRANBERRY RATES ARE LOW For further information write or call: Alvin R. Raid Main Street, Hanson, Mass. Cypress 3-6336 Cypress 3-6441 Fiy« flow this summer, since most bogs were held "well into the middle of May. No Serious Frost Injury There were only four really cold mornings, the worst being the 17th. Isaiah Haines reported that several bogs had tempera- tures as low as 221/2° on the 9th., 27V2° on the 16th., 24V2° on the 17th. and 27° on the 25th. Growers in general tended to hold their water late so that many bogs were still flooded on the 17th and the rest were generally flowed for frost. As of June 1st there seems to be no serious amount of frost injury. It looks like a season favorable to the blossom worm. May Warm May was a .warm month, aver- aging 2V2° above normal for both days and nights. The general average of all temperatures for the month was 65.2°, or 2.4° above normal. Blueberries Blueberries were favored more by the weather than they were hindered. The warm, dry weather held botrytis gray mold under natural control. In general there is a full crop of berries set, al- though some fields have apparent- ly suffered from the few cold nights and show small berries that will not mature. On June 1 rain was urgently needed. There had been no satisfactory rain at New Lisbon since the 1.26 inch on the 13th - 15th. Where weevil and curculio sprays or dusts were ap- plied on time, the green fruit is in good, clean' condition. Where calcium cyanamid was used on time in April for the control of mummy berry, it was unusually successful in checking the blight of flowers and foliage which was severe in many untreated fields. WASHINGTON The month of May was fairly warm with a maximum temper- ature of 86° on May 12th and a minimum of 29° on May 10th. There were several showers along with one rainy period from May 14 to May 17th. The minimum relative humidity was 27% on May i2th. This past month has been about normal for this time of year. Sprinkler systems were going for frost protection on six different occasions. The tempera- tures during those periods of frost were 31° on May 2nd, 31° on May 5th, 32° on the 18th. So far no really severe frosts except ■! FERMATE zineb fungicide ferbam fungicide Now DuPont offers you two outstanding fungicides for control of cranberry fungus diseases. Both "Parzate" and "Fermate" give effective protection . . . prevent rot of the fruit on vines and greatly reduces rot while in storage. You'll find quality improves, yields increase w^hen you use either of these fungi- cides. "Parzate" and "Fermate" are hard on disease, but mild on plants. There's minimum danger of stunting or burning tender flowers, leaves or fruit. Both fungicides can be applied by conventional or concentrate sprayers, and "Fermate" can also be applied as a dust. For most effective spray coverage and protection of waxy foliage, Du Pont Spreader-Sticker should be added to the mixture. ASK YOUR DEALER for full information and supplies of "Par- zate" and "Fermate". He'll be glad to give you free literature on both fungicides and on other reliable Du Pont products. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), Grasselli Chemicals De- partment, Wilmington 98, Delaware. On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warnings carefully. PARZATE "mm^ FERMATE zineb fungicide ferbam fungicide Better things for better living . . . through chemistry Sleven (Continued from Page 10) immature green berries were con- sidered as a total loss. : A larg-e percentage of the ber- ries dented exhibited an unbroken cuticle, which did not otherwise interfere with their subsequent maturity and coloring. Most of these berries were suitable for processing and in a few instances were packed as fresh fruit, with the designation of hail-marked berries. The center of the storm passed over Bog 3, while the other two bpgs several miles away were n^ar the outer reaches of the storm. Thus, a higher total loss was accounted for on Bog 3. Bog 2 was rather grassy and wesdy so apparently fewer berries were knocked off than on Bog 1, which was fairly free of weeds and the vines more exposed. The figures presented are simply indicative of the damage that hail can cause and the losses that hail can incur. 2. Warrens area. September 3. 5-7 P. M. Appar- ently the cloud formation devel- oped over Bear Mound, with indi- cations of two small funnels. Hail fell for approximately 15 - 20 minutes, followed by a heavy rain (2.85") and accompanied by winds of gale proportions. Hail stones varied in size, but on the average were quite large. Sand patterns on the dykes showed complete ground coverage with dents about the cii'cumference of marbles. The storm was quite localized in a narrow ba^d and was confined to an area south and east of Bear Mound. The losses from hail by varieties are shown in Table 2. While the writer was able to make field counts of the berries knocked off, only samples from which the counts were made gave the per- centage of bruised and dented ber- ries. From a varietal standpoint it is interesting to note that the Natives showed less total damage than either the Searles or Howes. The higher percentage of injure."! Howe berries was due to the fact that they were still quite imma- ture. The large share of the ber- ries from this bog were shipped for processing immediately after harvest. 3. Warrens area. October 8. 2-3 A. M. Path of the thunderstorm from West, north of Bear Mound in the northern rait of Knapp township and east" to the county line in a rather narrow strip. The duration of tho Bog 1. Bog 2. Bog 3. TABLE 1 Pounds per acre of hail damaged berries. Knocked off Bruised Dented Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 1070 802 535 827 1380 827 2080 1483 893 Total Lbs. 2407 3034 4456 TABLE 2 Pounds per acre of berries knocked off and the percentage of bruised and dented berries. Variety Knocked off Bruised Dented Lbs. % % Searles 3000 10.2 22.8 Natives 2156 10.8 23.3 Howes 2359 12.0 43.7 TABLE 3 Pounds per acre of berries knocked off and the percentage of bruised and dented berries. Knocked off Bruised and dented Lbs, % Bog 1. 1381 16.5 Bog 2. 1252 9.0 Bog 3, 708 6.0 hail was 10 - 20 minutes and was followed by a heavy rain. As usual, the hailstones varied in size from pellets to a few as large as golf balls. This storm, so far as records are available, is the latest recorded in the cranberry areas in Wisconsin. Fortunately, only a few sections remained to be har- vested at this late date. While counts were made of knocked off berries, time did not permit an extensive field count of the damaged berries since the sec- tions were harvested within the next two days. However, enough samples were collected to arrive at a percentage of injured ber- ries. The results of these counts are presented in Table 3. The majority of the damaged berries were shipped for processing so that from % to % of the crop was salvaged. Hail Insurance It is hoped that this brief ac- count of three hailstorms in Wis- consin and the losses therefrom may be of sufficient interest to stimulate further progress in a reasonable insurance program among cranberry growers. Unfor- tunately, only one grower had hail insurance so that the losses incurred were a direct liability to the uninsured. Hail, when it strikes, is a calamity which is awesome in its suddenness, in that the grower is completely helpless. MAY HAIL There was severe hail reported in the Black River Falls, Wis. area on night of May 10. Some hail- stones measured 1% inches in diameter with enough falling to blanket the ground. NEW WISCONSIN MARSH Report from Wisconsin is that a new development of 60 acres will be underw^ay near Fiefield in the Eagle River area. Plantings are planned for 1960. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE Twelve photo courtvisy of the National Cranberry Association Kill All Major Cranberry Insects with Malathion • Helps You Avoid Residue Problems • Offers Safety in Use Five seasons use has proved mal- athion's superiority as a cranberry insecticide. Early spraying or dust- ing with malathion protects the new crop against damage from black and yellow-headed fireworms, false armyworms, blossom worms, tipworms, cutworms and blunt- nosed leafhoppers. Later in the season, malathion controls the highly destructive fruitworm. Otters safety in use Malathion is a phosphate insecti- cide with loiv toxicity to man and animals. Its wide safety margin makes it ideal for air application . . . especially in and around popu- lated ai'eas. Avoid residue problems Malathion's fast disappearing resi- dues allow application on cranber- ries up to 72 hours before harvest. Residues will be well below the limits established by law. Compatible with other chemicals Malathion is compatible with most fungicides and other insecticides... another reason why so many growers are making it the basic insecticide in their spray schedules. American Cyanamid Company, Agricultural Division, New York 20, New York. MALATHION INSECTICIDES '/^,i'A^yM',^//f/>^>/^^SSMjt^^ The Cranberry Story PROCESSED CRANBERRIES PART FOUR By Gilbert T. Beaton Secretary-Treasurer Cranberry Institute Fourth in a series of 4 articles on the history of the cranoerry industry sponsored by the Cranberry Institute. According to the University of Massachusetts Agricultural Exper- ment Station bulletin No. 481, references to the American species of cranberry Vaccinium Macrocarpon are relatively few in scientific literature, but there are many regarding the European species, Vac- cinium Vitis-Ideas, or Preisselbeere and Vaccinium Oxycoccus, or Moosbeere. Since the three species have a fairly close botanical relationship and since both Preisselbeere and Moorsbeere are usually translated as cranberry, the literature referring to the acid content of all these species is considered. Preservation Several years ago in the peat bogs of Denmai-k was discovered a complete and perfectly pi-e- served body of a man stained a dark brown by the peat water. The samples of the peat formed around the body suggested the date of death as approximately the commencement of the Chris- tian Era. After considerable re- search, it was discovered that the reason that the body was so mar- velously preserved was because the Spagnun moss of Northern Europe is slightly acid in content. The body lay, in effect, in a weak bath of humic acid and tannic acid, the same as a tanning solu- tion. A goat skin pouch was fas- tened to the side of the body and through analysis, it was proved that the pouch originally contained cranberi-y juice. Preser^•ing For thousands of years men ■have been seeking a safe and sim- ple method of preserving foods in- definitely. It was hard enough the way foods spoiled, to keep fresh supply in ordinary times, but dur- ing great national crises, like wars, the need was more urgent. Armies on the march had to have Fourteen good food and plenty of it. Most armies existed on salted meat, stale bread and the fresh food they picked up as they moved along. On such a meager diet as this, even a great conqueror like Napoleon could not prevent the oil of heavy losses suffered by his army from inadequate food : upplies and dietary diseases. Scur- vy which comes from an insuffi- cient diet, has probably killed ■nore soldiei'S than ever died in battle. While Napoleon wa's win- ning- wars and lasting fame, the jovernment of France organized a society for the encouragement of new inventions, offering prizes for inventions that would present n-esh opportunities to the people. Listed among these prizes was an award of 12,000 francs for a bet- ter method of preserving food. Nicholas Appert had great skill with foods. He had been at times a chef, a brewer, distiller and a confectioner. In all this work with food he had been interested in spoilage problems, so for ten long years he toiled in a tiny kitchen back of his shop, patiently cook- ing and preserving. No one thought of using tin cans in those days, so Appert worked with clumsy glass containers. The pro- cess, as he finally developed it, involved precooking the food, bot- tling it in his own containers, wiring corks in place, setting the bottles in burlap sacks and lower- ing them into a big kettle where they cooked a second time. After several years of experiments and failures, on January 30, 1810, Ap- pert compiled his notes and pre- sented them to the Government. Finally the 12,000 francs were awarded to him. Before receiving the award, however, he had to publish his findings at his own ex- pense and send 200 copies of the book to the Government. This lit- tle book, the book of all house- holds on the art of preserving animal and vegetable substance, marked the beginning of the great canning industry. As stated previously in "CRAN- BERRIES" the original Indian method of preserving wdld cran- berries was followed extensively throughout New England and Eastern Canada for both wild and cultivated fruit for many years. It consisted merely in keeping the bei'ries immersed in clean cold water in crocks and jars. Samples of these raw packed cranberries were sufficiently well preserved to be palatable even after several years. From the story of "Nor'west John " by George Howe, a story of John DeWolfe who sailed from Bristol, Rhode Island in August 1804 to Russian Alaska, tells of his stay in a settlement in New Archangel where the dessert was invariably cranberries preserved in candlefish oil. As early as 1817, a young Eng- lishman, William Underwood, landed in New Orleans to start a canning business. Failing to get support in New Orleans, he walked all the way to Boston. There he founded the first food preserving firm in America. Two of his early experiments in the processing and canning of food was with cranberries and lobsters. The canning of cranberries was first recorded in a letter dated January 10, 1828 by William Un- derwood of Boston, addressed to ADVT. 'Captain Stauwood of the "Augois- ta". He starts his letter: "Dear Sir: Enclosed you have an in- voice for pickles, sauces, mus- tards, and preserves of first qual- ity'' A little later in the letter he mentions: "The cranberries in the bottles are preserved without sugar. I name this because if any person should purchase them for sweetmeats, they would be dis- appointed. They are to be used precisely as if purchased fresh from the market and will keep any length of time before the cork is drawn." A little later he states: "The cranberry jam is a sweetmeat and usually brings a high price. I have frequently sold it in India for $1.50 per jar." The first cranberry preserving factory operated on a small com- mercial scale, was at Wareham, Massachusetts from 1898 to 1901. There Mr. R. C. Randall made a cranberry syrup called "Ruby Phosphate." Several small kitchen factories made and sold cranberry sauce in Boston and Providence before 1907, but it was not until 1907 that the United Cape Cod Cranberry Company was formed and interests in canned cranber- ries was sustained. Cranberry Canning Marcus L. Urann, President of the United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, endeavored to solicit the support of other large ship- pers in the processing of cran- berries. Failing' in this, however, in 1912 he formed the Ocean Spray Preserving Company. The Ocean Spray Preserving Company was organized to market canned cranheiTy sauce. The first cans of Ocean Spray (number 2 size cans holding approximately 20 ounces) were packed by hand in the brick building on Main Street in Han- son, nucleus of the present plant. Its outlines can still be seen in the center of the present plant. The first years of selling cranber- ry sauce in cans were an uphill struggle. Grocers were skeptical, consumers were slow to try an unknown product, so with cans of Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce in his hand, Marcus L, Urann went from customer to customer, ADVT. opening cans, cutting samples and using every means of personal persuasion to get across the story that here was a good product with a bright future. His first sales were in the Bos- ton area, but because he spent part of his winters in Florida, that became the second state in which Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce was introducced. There were all kinds of problems in the early days. The lining used in the tin cans was not adequate for cranberry sauce. There were end- less experiments until the right lining was found. Tripple plate enamel stored in a warm place de- veloped gas and swelled. These had to be taken back, money re- funded, and more experiments conducted to learn how to elim- inate these problems. In 1922, Mr. Urann appointed as the first sales broker for Ocean Spray, the Arthur G. Curren Company of Boston, who still represent Ocean Spray in that City. In the years between 1920 and 1930, sales of Ocean Spray Cran- berries grew from 20,000 cases to about 200,000 cases. By this time several other companies were engfaged in cranberry canning-. One of these was the A. D. Make- peace Company of Wareham. The Cranberry Products Company, New Egypt, New Jersey was a second. In 1980 these three com- panies merg-ed to become a new cooperative, Cranberry Canners, Inc., with headquarters at Han- son. Marcus L. Urann was Presi- dent. To Marcus L. Urann, for many years both President of the United Cape Cod Cranberry Com- pany and National Cranberry Association, belongs the credit for early visualizing possibilities in mianufactured cranberry products. Thanks to his foresight, perser- verance and organization, the cranberry industry has developed from a little factory at South Hanson, Massachusetts, packing about 20,000 cases in 1922, to a great industry today packing ap- proximately 6,500,000 cases a year. Continous Cooking At the present time, approxi- mately 56% of the total United States Cranberry Crop is sold in processed form. Other proces- sors who have been processing cranberities and expanding! the sale of this product are Minot Food Packers, Inc., Bridgeton, New Jersey. Minot has a continous cooking operation which streamlines their operation. Their continuous cooker furnishes cranberry sauce to the latest fill- ing, closing and can handling equipment, one of the most mod- ern and efficient lines in the cranberry industry. They have just completed their own freez- ing plant, contaiiuirig app(ritolxi- mately 110,000 cubic feet. This freezing plant, in addition to maintaining a minus 10° tempera- ture, can also freeze 350,000 pounds of cranberries per week. Minot Foods was originally found- ed by Mir. Kessler and Mr. Con- way. The president is John P. Morello. Also actively engaged in the processing of cranberries are Mor- ris April Bros, of Bridgeton, New Jersey, packing under April Or- chard Brand and Eatmor; Pappas Bros, of New Jersey; C. & E. Canners of New Jersey; Cran- berry Products, Inc., Eagle River, Wisconsin. The latter is owned and managed by Vernon Golds- worthy, and besides cranberry sauce, packs wide variety of other cranberry products such as Cran- Sweets, Cranberry Apple Sauce, Cranberry-Orange Relish and Cranberry Puree. Stokley-Van Camp Company of Indianopolis is another cranberry processer, and in the West Coast area, Cran- guyma Farms of Long Beach, Washington has a processing plant for specialty cranberry products. An article on Cranguyma Farms was in Cranberry Magazine a short time ago. The Natinal Cranberry Asso- ciation has plants in Markham, Washington; North Chicago, Ill- inois; St. Johns, Quebec; Borden- town. New Jersey; Onset and Hanson, Massachusetts. Besides packing strained cranberry sauce and whole cranberry sauce, they also process cranberry juice cocktail, straight cranberry juice, fitted Oran, cranberry-orange relish, frozen cranberries and are also actively engaged in the shipment of fresh cranberries. The inde- pendent processers of cranberry sauce receive practically all their berries from the independent shippers mentioned in last month's article, "The Fresh Fault Story." Dehydrating To complete this article we should present a brief resume of the dehydrating of cranberries. Ci'anberry dehydration and even compression was practiced as long ago as 1872 as revealed by a patent unearthed by John C. Makepeace. This was issued on March 19, 1872 to Le Grand Knif- Cen of Worcester, Massachusetts. The following quotations are from the specifications of this patent. "I have invented a cei'tain new and useful improved process of preparing cranberries for preser- vation and shipment. It is well known that the cranberry is a very delicious and healthful fruit and one which contains elements which particularly adapt it for use as an accessory to Army and shipping supplies, provided it can be prepared in such a manner that it will retain its quality and flavor for an unlimited perid. I have dis- covered from experiments that when cranberries are sliced or carefully cut into small sections of pieces, they can be readily dried. Hence my process for pre- paring them is to slice or cut up the ben-ies and after cutting them, to thoroughly dry them, when they can be packed in tight cans for shipment, or if pre- ferred, the dried berries can be condensed into a solid mass by means of properly applying pres- sure. One quart of fresh berries will, when cut and dried, be re- duced to about one fourth of their former size and when pressed or condensed, to about one third of their bulk after being dried". On May 27, 1913, United States Patent 1062969 was issued to Henry H. Harrison of Boston, also foir the dehydration of cran- berries. The Harrison patent cov- ered puncturing the skin of the cranberries to facilitate drying. A carload of dehydx'ated cranberries shipped in 1948, contained $106,- 444.68 woi-th of dehydrated cran- berries. At that time,this was the most expensive carload of food shipped. Former holder of the recoird was a carload of olive oil with a value of $35,000.00. Improved cultivation is bring- ing about larger and larger cran- berry crops. To take care of these additional supplies, manufacturers need to develop new products and expand the market for established products. A consumer demand in balance with the cranberry supply is the aim of the industry. Correction: In last month's ar- ticle, with list of fresh fruit dis- tributors the name of Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc., Or- rin G. Colley, president, was in- advertedly omitted. Fresh From The Fields (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6) bogs is extremely variable this year. iSome of them are near the early hook stage (May 25) while others hfeve growth only just starting. On the bog at the Ex- periment Station both conditions existing side by side. This will make the blossoming season quite long although it probably will not be as late as it has been in some years past. August Field Day Plans for a field day on August 8th of this year are proceeding nicely and it is hoped to have some very interesting things to discuss and show the growers of this area. No formal program as yet but this will be done when the time comes. The Station would like at this time to extend an invitation to all interested people outside of the Washington cranberry growing area to visit it on this day. Especially the growers from British Columbia and Oregon. Some spring planting is still going on. Most of this, however, is finished by end of May. The blackheaded fireworm is just now starting activity in some bogs so the summer spray sched- ule will be under way very short- ly. One insecticide spray has been applied previous to this date (May 25) on most bogs, as well as, one and in some cases two fungi- cide applications. To this time very little twig blight showing. It appears therefore that this disease is under control. There have been a few small spots show- ing on one or two bog indicating that the fungi are still present and will have to be controlled by fungicide sprays during the sum- mer months. Station main pro- gram this year in disease control will be aimed at controlling fiTiit rot and field lot diseases. There has been some injury to the cran- berry foliage during the spring months from this group of fungi An exact control schedule has not been worked out as yet but the Station hopes to have one within the next year or two. WISCONSIN Severe May Storms May averaged unusually warm with above normal I'ainfall. Most of the state received one to one and one half inches more than normal rainfall. May was noted for numerous severe storms with about a dozen tornadoes and as many more tornado funnels were reported in the central and south- west areas. Warmest day was 95 degrees on the 2nd and coldest was 20 degrees on the night of the 14th. The outlook for June is for above normal temperatures and normal precipitation. Normal is about 66 degrees and 4.75 inches of rain. Ground Frost Lasted Late Considerable frost remained in the deep peat bogs until late May and was only removed by re-flow- ing for ten days in early May. Most marshes re-flowed the end of the first week in May and held the reflow until mid month, re- moving the water following the cold night of the 14th. Since that time only one slight frost has occurred, making this one of the most frost free Mays on record. Bud dormancy was broken the early part of the month or a little earlier than normal. During the reflow period the weather was cool, windy, sunny and the water cool, so it is very doubtful if any Sixteen oxygen defeciency occured. Vine Development Pushed Vine development was pushed by the end of the month due to the humid and warm weather. There was some evidence of side shooting on marshes that were not flooded the last week of Nov- ember, when the severe cold winds persisted. Most of thi.s side shooting seems confined to the ditch edges and to the area that was harvested last and apparently was not too dormant. It also appears that over developed veg- etative buds were the buds most generally frozen. The overall loss for the state appears negligible. Growers Chosen To Posts Two cranberry growers who re- side in two of the states highest producing counties were chosen by their fellow town chairmen as chairmen of their respective county boards. They are Bennett Pottei-. Warrens, Chairman of the Jack- son County Board and Clarence Searles, Cranmoor, Chairman of the Wood County Board. Tragedy Dwight D. Duchart, three year old son of Mr. and Mrs. Donald D. Duckart Cranmoor accidently fell into a flooding ditch r)n the home marsh and drowned May 16, He is survived by his parents and two brothers aiul a sister. Deepest sympathy is ex- tended to the family. Prospects Promisin-j At the end of the month crop prospects look promising in al' areas. The northern marshes which had very light crops last year look exceptionally good this spring and bud counts made last fall showed a very good fruit bud set. Water supplies are adequate in all areas and insect populations are expected to be down. To date there has been only one damaging hail storm which occured early in May in the Millston area. The storm occured at night and large hail along with strong winds were reported to have hit three prop- erties. As new growth was not present it was hoped the loss would be small, but there was apparent damage to the swollen buds and to last years upright growth. HELICOPTER PEST CONTROL glJiqqms ^irwaui ' ' NORWOOD, MASS. m DUSTING and SPRAYING RAY MORSE, Agent TEL. CYPRESS 5-1553 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Seventeen Cranberries In North America By F. B. Chandler Research Professor, Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. Seven sections or chapters, starting- with last September, have comibined the results of surveys of the cranberry industry in North America. This issue will contain the highlights of the articles which have been published. From the surveys it is evident that little or no new acreage is being developed on the Atlantic Coast. Some is being developed in Wisconsin, but most of the new acreage is being planned for the West Coast. On a ipercented basis, the intentions to build on the Atlantic Coast are 1/3 of one percent, in Wisconsin 5 percent, and the Pacific Coast 39 percent (intended acreage divided by present acreage). The decrease in the number of growers and the increase in the size of "Holding" is common and is a trend toward efficiency as larger units are more economical to operate per acre than small ones. Recently our Secretary of Agriculture, Ezra Taft Benson, in a radio talk said this was happen- ing in all parts of the United States in all types of agriculture. In Wisconsin, a change in variety seems to be associated with increase in yield per acre. This is not true on the West Coast as McFarlin has been the predominant variety since the industry started. In New Jersey, there has been a change from 13 percent of the acreage in Early Blacks in 1924 to 71 percent Early Blacks in 1955. This change has been associated with an increase in yield, but the increase in yield may be due to control of false blossom and culture improvements more than to a change in variety. Fertilizer data alone will not explain the differences in yield per acre between the different growing sections as the West Coast bad the smaller percent of growers reporting the use of fer- tilzer but they average about 70 barrels per acre. Yet in Massachu- setts, yield per acre greatly in- creased from 1935 to 1955, and this was accompanied by a three- fold increase in fertilizer and the fertilizer was about double the strength. In other words, increas- ing the fertilizer about six times increased the yield per acre less than twice. Therefore, while fer- tilizer is important, it may not always be the controlling factor. The high yielding cranberry sec- tions irrigate by applying the water over the surface by flood- ing or by sprinkler. The common method of irrigating in Wisconsin is to apply water over the surface or flash flood the marsh. Flash flooding is used very little in the areas with low yield per acre. Very little drainage information was available from the surveys. However, in Oregon 68 percent of the growers kept their ditches dry during the growing season. In some sections the ditches are drained by many growers follow- ing frost flows. The kind of weeds and the method of controlling them varies from one section to another. On the West Coast, some weeds which are not known in the east may completely crowd out the cran- berries. Likewise, the west coast has some diseases which severely damage the vines. The equipment used for disease control varies with the growing section. The method of frost forecasting varies from section to section, and the method of warning the grow- ers also varies. The "safe" temp- erature in some sections appears to be higher than in other sec- tions. In general, it appears that the sections that protect for any temperature below 32 degrees in the spring have higher yields per acre. The method and equipment for harvesting varies greatly with the growing section and the conditions there. The newest method, the water reel, has reached surprising success in two sections. The production of cranberries in all sections but New Jersey has increased since the turn of the century, but the production increase has not all been the same. This is brought out by the production figures and by the percentage of the United States crop. The yield per acre shows the greatest spread - in New Jersey; it is less than 30, Mass- (Continued on Page 25) HORTICULTURAL SALES 35 South Main St. West Bridgewater, Mass. "Bob Mossman" Prop. Tel. JUniper 3-9112 CRANBERRY GROWERS SUPPLIES WEED AND BRUSH KILLERS WEEDAZOL (50% AMINO TRIAZOLE) Insecticides — Fungicides — Herbicides Aerial Spraying and Dusting ■*s.-«ft%^ ■^■^■■■=•^e• "•«: ^^-'.:^i,v• Sign erected near the lighthouses on Route 28 states what is now official. The highway from the rotary traffiee circle in Middleboro to Orleans center is now legally the Cranberry Highway. CWareham Courier Photo) Massachusetts ''Cranberry Highway'' Opens Officially At least 10,000 people witnessed the opening of the "Cranberry Highway'' in Massachusetts Sun- day, June 7th. This route from Middleboro to Orleans, a distance of 63 miles is through the heart of cranberryland. Exercises were held all along the way. There were more than 100 vehicles in the line of marcli. It took approximately 4V2 hours to cover the Cranberry Highway. The major stops were at Mid- dleboro. National Cranberry As- sociation at Onset, Buzzards Bay and Orleans. At Onset, H. Drew Flegal, ad- vertising manager and director of publicity of N.C.A. addressed the audience. So too, did George C. E. P. Olsson, president of NCA and clerk of Superior Court of Ply- mouth. Others present were Alton H. Worrall of the Massachusets leg- islature. Miss Eleanor Strahura of Buzzards Bay, "Miss Cranberry Highway," and Miss Priscilla Howe of Boston, "Miss Ocean Spray of 1959." This was a gala affair and the highway officially and appropri- ately named "Cranberry High- \7ay" should do much to keep cranberries in mind to the tourists visiting Cape Cod. President Rob- ert S. Fugure of the Cranberry Highway Association expects to provide other features of inter- est during the coming summer. Antique cars, pieces of fire ap- paratus accompanied the proces- sion to the sounds of sirens and bells. At the New Haven Railroad station. Buzzards Bay the Rever- and David O'Brien, pastor of St. Margarets Church read the bless- ing of Cardinal Cushing for the Highway which follows: "Almighty and most merciful God, who hast destined us to live in a land rich in beauty and com- forting in its variety of natural advantage, teach us, we pray Thee, to see Thy good and gra- cious Providence in the bless- ings to which our attention is called on this occasion which brings us together in Thy Name. "Keep us ever mindful of the glorious traditions of personal in- tegrity and civic pride ■\^hieh have grown up within every town and hamlet of this rugged strip of land, of old the cradle of our na- tion's freedom, and in our own day a haven of peace and rest (Continued on Page 24) Nineteen Above H. Drew Flegal, director of advertising and public relations of National Cranberry Association makes •dn address of welcome. At his right is "Miss Cranberry Highway, Barbara Strahura, to his left. Em- ma Florindo and Miss Priscilla Howe, "Miss Ocean Spray of 1959." F.cene is at National Onset canning plant, where Alton H. Worrall of Wareham, State Representative, and a prime mover in ob- taining action to change name of highway was also a speaker. (Cranberries Photo) Next Page During a major halt in the Cranberry Highway Dedication Parade. June 7 George C. P. Olsson, (center) president of National Cranberry Association made a presentation of cranberry gifts to Frank Begley, Falmouth, commissioner of Department of Public Works, representing Massachusetts Governor Foster Furcolo. At extreme right is Miss Eleanor Strahura, Buzzards Bay. official "Miss Cranberry High- way", while in background stands Miss Priscilla Howe, Boston, NCA's "Miss Ocean Spray of 19.59." ^Cranberries Photo) Twenty *^SS»fiS!ftSW»S«S>WSMS!^^ Twentyone Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, Is Wilderness Wonder — Still Growing Editor's Note: Continuation and Conclusion by Clarence J. Hall "Weber's Cranberry Acres" One of the properties, whicli Goldsworthy had planned for him- self is now operated as "Weber's Cranberry Acres" owned by Clar- •ence R. Weber of Shawano. The acres make up a marsh of 33, set entirely to Searles. M. Weber was in the area on vacation as he had been for many years when he was surprised to learn of cranberry growing in fbe region. Goldy of- fered him some partly-developed property and he bought. Mr. Weber, who is in the veneer business at Shawano purchased with the idea of growing cran- berries as a side line, and to main- tain it in the future as an interest- ing retirement project. Following through with tliis thought he built a summer home on the property, making extensive use of his ply- wood products. He had been born and raised on a dairy farm so had a natural agricultural background. The proposition seemed to be a natural for him. Water for the Weber marsh is pumped on by four St. .Jacques pumps, not from Little Trout it- self but from a deep pond known as the Ink Pot, w'i^'ch is connected with Little Trout. He pumps from this small pond instead of the lake proper to avoid lake sand being drawn into the pumping apparatus. He has a large two- story warehouse built into a hill- side so that trucks would have easy access to the second story for their loads, whicu is used mostly for storage. Sorting and packaging of the fruit is done on the ground floor. Weber production runs around 3-5,000 barrels and is marketed through Cranberry Products, Inc. Goldy is retained in an advisory capacity and keeps the marsh under close supervision, but active management is by a resident fore- man, Charles Rayola. Mr. Weber, ■himself, spends as much time as •possible up country at the marsh. "Alder Lake" Herbert Indermulale and son, Richard operate their unit at Manitowish known as "Aldei Lake." The father and son have 32 acres in vines, all Searles with the exception of SVz acres which are set to McFarlins. Production has consistently averaged bettfv than 100 barrels to the acre, wit!, more than 200 being reached in 1956, and some individual beds bet- ter than 300. Mr. Indermuhle had been in tho dairy business until he turned to cranberries. This was at Plain- field, where, he produced as much as 27,000 pounds of milk and was reported to be tbe biggest opera- tor in dairying in Wisconsin. Richard is a graduate of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin and was in service. Regarding the current cran- berry marketing situation, Mr. Indermuhle Sr. observes, "I've been in business all my life and I've had worries plenty of times. It doesn't bother me. We wi make out all right." This was sai before the upturn of last fall. There is a warehouse at Aldd Lake, now several years ol which the Indermuhles considi only half large enough and pi; an addition in the next few yeai They have two mills in the sor ing room, but need a third. Speedee Filler is used in the pack ing of fresh fruit. As do all growers at Manitcij wish they use water from Littl Trout, flooding being entirely b; pumping and all the water is re turned to the lake from the sec tion. Sanding program is to sprea< on ice from January to March de pending on weather. Fertilizer i applied in the spring as soon a. beds have dried out from winte flood and early frost floods] Several mixtures are used i: quantities varying from 300 tere is a warehouse 50 x 100 feet and a dryer. Manitowish Waters Cranberry Company markets through Nation- al and production has averaged about 150 barrels to the acre, with largest crop being 220 per acre average, with some beds exceed- ing 300. Young Mr. Bartling has built a new home for himseilf on Alder Lake which is one of the Manito- wish chain. Mr. Bartling Sr. formerly operated a creamery at Necedah before going into cranberries ten years ago. Frederic worked with his father on the marsh from 1948 until 1950 when he joined the Nevy Air Corps, his father pass- ing away a few months before he was discharged in 1953. Cardinal Cranberry Co. Cardinal Cranberry Company at Little Trout is operated by Harold Gross. Mr. Gross is with the United States Department of Agriculture. He knew something of the cranberry business before developing at Manitowish, as he is a native of the Mather- Warrens cranberry area. Harold D. Gross, 7415 North Damen avenue, Chicago, who op- erates as Cardinal Cranberry Company acquired his holdings after the other growers had begun development, in 1956. A period of illness contributed to delay in development. A first planting of 10 acres was not made until ,1952. Declares Mr. Gross, ''Duringj. this early period much encourage- ment, technical advise and finan- cial help were received from var- ious cranberry growers, wihich I really appreciated. This . again demonstrates the fact that cran- berry growers, generally speak- ing, are a fine group of folks, and are most willing to lend a hand Frederic J. Bartling, operating Alder Lake property. (CRANBERRIES) Photo) Twentythree when needed." Since he undertook his develop- ment while working in Chicago, which is almost 400 miles from his Manitowish project, his ob- jective could not have been real- ized without the loyal and efficient help of his foreman, W. J. Mc- Clellan, who handled all matters pertaining to marsh production management. Mr. Gross makes this acknowledgement to Mr. McClellan. At present the Card- inal Cranberry Company has 21 acres in production, with 6 more being planted this spring and he plans several more in 1960. Mr. Gross works for the Unito'l States Department of Agriculture as an area classification and or- ganization officer in the Person- nel Management Branch of the Agricultural Marketing Service. This involves a jurisdiction of 25 states, 250 field officers and more than 3,000 employees. Mr. Gross is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin, is a life member of the Wisconsin Club of Chicago, USDA Club of Chicago and Federal Personnel Council. He is also a member of Tripo'i Shrine Temple of Milwaukee, Masonic Lodge and Order of th-; Eastern Star of Necedah, Wis- consin. CRANBERRY HIGHWAY Continued from Page 19) where free men may still with- draw from the tension and tur- moil of competitive striving. And as we live from day to day in a world which advances in scientific achievement and becomes more efficient in its conquest of the forces of nature, let us always re- member that only from Thee do we possess the means which are favorable to our success, and that only through Thee do we labor in the works by which our happiness in association with one another is sustained. "We rejoice today in the heri- tage which is symbolized by this road. We have called it 'Cran- berry Highway'. Thus do we pro- claim our indebtedness to Thee, 0 God, for the abundant vegeta- New home of Richard Indermuhle at marsh-side. . (CRA-NBERRIES Photo) Marsh-eye view of the Roller home, beneath which runs flooding canal. (CRANBERRIES Photo) tion whose luscious fruit has found so many uses and brought to us such great measure of material prosperity. Preserve in us, loving- Father of us all, a right intention in our every undertaking, and shield us from every danger in our pursuit of earthly advantage. May all who pass over this road find Thee ever at their side; and may they be lifted up from con- templation of its loveliness and its historic associations to deep and lasting appreciation of Thine own infinite beauty and goodness, Who livest and reignest forever and ever. Amen." Twentyfour CRANBERRIES IN NORTH AMERICA (Continued from Page 18) achusetts just over 41, the Pacific Coast just over 70, and Wisconsin just under 80. In Wisconsin's best year, 1956, the state average for Searles was 103 barrels per acre The author has attempted to give you information mostly from the surveys made in the different growing sections. The author hopes that this series of articles has brought information to you and that you can better imder- stand the changes which have oc- curred in the past and those which are to come. There is information from experiments, observation, and research in other fields which were not reported in the surveys which will appear in later issues. Cranberry Day On Nantucket July 15 In cooperation with Nantucket's 300th birthday observance this summer, National Cranberry As- sociation is sponsoring Cranberry Day, July 15, at the height of blossomtime on the "Big Bog''. Activities are being arranged in cooperation with the new own- ers of Nantucket Cranberry Com- pany, considered the biggest cran- berry bog in the world. A public tour of the big bog is scheduled from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. when busses will carry passengers from Nantucket town through the moors to the cranberry bog. Dis- plays of cranberry equipment will be set up in the screen house and Cranberry Juice Cocktail will be served. A shoi-t tour by surrey from the screen house to the pump house will show the use of water on cranberry bogs and a demon- stration of crop dusting is plan ned, weather permitting. At its peak, the 1,141 acre tract had about 235 acres under cultivation, but producing acre- age has diminished to 90 at the present time. Nantucket Cranber- ry Company's new management plans to improve production on the present bearing acreage and eventually rebuild the biggest bog up to its past glory. ■Robert C. Congdon is presi- dent of the new management and associated with him ai-e Albert L. Silva, Albert F. Egan, Jr., Rich- ard Corkish and Kenneth C. Cof- fin, Jr., all businessmen os Nan- tucket Island. tion as scientific director of the Army Quartermaster's Research and Scientific Command. Dr. Sell- ing was director of the Massachu- setts Experiment Station and Ex- tension. He will assume his new post in July. Soaking Mid-June Rain In Mass. A heavy, but much needed rain- fall occured generally over the Massachusetts cranberry area, be- ginning morning of the 12, and continuing until the morning of the 15th, with a few scattered showers after that. This was a really soaking rain depositing 1.77 inches at Cranberry Station. It was welcome as conditions were becoming dry. Total normal June rainfall is 3.21 for the month. Subsequent rains had brought the total to 3.93, or more than normal total by the 18th. Dean Sieling Mass, Resigns Dale Selling, dean of agri- culture at the University of Mass- achusetts, well known to Mass- achusett cranbei^ry growers through his frequent association an interest in the industry has resigned. He is to assume a pci- PROF. TOMLINSON'S SON WINS HONORS George S. Tomlinson, 17, son of professor William E. Tomlinson of Massachusetts Cranberry Ex- periment Station and Mrs. Tom- linson has been accepted at Bos- ton University of Liberal Arts and will enter in September. He is the recipient of a schol- arship, and a graduate of Bourne High School, living with his par- ents at Standish road, Sagamore Beach. He has been active in 4-H work and was elected to member- ship in the National Honor So- ciety in his junior high year. Prof. Tomlinson, an entomol- ogist was stationed in New Jer- sey before going to East Ware- ham. READ CRANBERRIES SHAWMUT GLASS CONTAINERS, Inc. REPRESENTING KNOX GLASS, Inc. 29 STILLINCS STREET BOSTON, MASS. Twentyfive Round Up Of Crop Prospects With reports from the various areas, it would appear the total U. S. crop will not be abnormally large, but plenty can happen be- tween now and the time harvest is completed. Massachusetts does not seem to be headed for an excep- tionally large crop. Maybe around a normal production which( is about 550,000 barrels. Reports from Wisconsin indicate that there will be a good production there, especially in the northern sections, which were a bit light last year. New Jersey may have a somewhat larger crop than the average 88,000, possibly 100,000 barrels. Washington prospects would appear rather bright, from all over that state, which is now in third place in production. Oregon may be about normal. As of June 12 there was in- dication that prospects were a trifle brighter in Massachusetts than earlier expected. Frost loss for the spring was chalked up at the Cranberry Station as practic- ally nil. Insecticide actively was being well controlled, although there may be considerable trouble from fireworm. The whole situation may per- haps be summed in with the state- ment there will be a sufficiency of cranberries in 1959 to meet public demand. Late Wisconsin Dr. George L. Peltier informs that up to the middle of June good weather conditions had pre- vailed in Wisconsin, with no bad frosts. Hooking he describes as generally good to excellent; a few blossoms were opening by the 15th with bumble bees work- ing on the beds. First brood of fireworm, light to severe depending on previous treatments. Some tipworm; a few yellow heads, span worms and leafhoppers. If subsequent con- ditions are favorable he looks for a final crop above average. Dr. Peltier also informs us that amino triazole will not be allowed this year, except for post- harvest treatment as last year. HOW TO BOIJL A FROG The way to boil a frog and have him happy and content all through the process is to give the heat to him a little at a time. If you bring your water to a boil and pitch your frog into it he'll jump out when the heat strikes him, that is, if he's an intelligent and lively frog. So put him in luke MEMBER American Soc. of Lub. Engineers National Lub, Grease Institute PHONES GL 7-9260 and GL 2-3478 BORDEN OIL COMPANY LUBRICATION SPECIALISTS COMPLETE STOCK MARINE LUBRICANTS LLOYD K. BORDEN SHEBOYGAN. WIS. warm water. He'll relax and tak a nap . When he wakes up, th( water will be warm but not ye real hot. Mister Frog yawns am goes back to sleep. Then you in crease the heat, but always bj sharp and sudden changes. Fin ally, the temperature is reallj hot and you will boil your fro} and he won't even know it. The amorphous 'process thei call inflation seems to us to be like that. Little by little, th( dollar becomes smaller and smal ler. If at one time and sharply half the dollars a man had wen taken from him, that would caus the frog to scream and to jum] out of the water, perhaps. Bu it all happens so gradually and s little-by-little! And our reactio to the slow-boil treatment is ver; much like the frog's. (Fooi Marketing In New England) Bandon In Oregon Centennial Bandon, Oregon, that cranberrj growing city in the southwesterr coastline is taking its special par in the state-wide centennial o; Oregon. This began in Juni and will continue, with probabl; the banner event, "Pioneer Days August 1. Doehlert Retires In New Jersey Charles A. Doehlert, who ha; headed the Cranberry and Blue berry Research Laboratory a Pemberton, New Jersey, is t retire at the end of this month He succeeded the late Charles S Beckwith. Mr. Doehlert has been at th< Laboratory for 28 years and prio to that, three years in the Edi torial Department at Rutber University, New Jersey Agricul tural Station. WANTED Western Pickerg (Uft»d) Contact Oscar NortoB Roeheater, Mam. T«l. Reckwell 8-BSU Twe'ntvsix ■ — H^^^W^^M ■■ ^1 — iillM^ l!bdals '^I ISSUE OF JUNE 1959 Vol. 24 - No. 2 " --■•---- III w WISCONSIN NEWSLETTER Our congratulations to the Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers Association, par- ticularly on its monthly ''Wisconsin Cran- berry News," a newsletter which began volume one, number one in May. This is edited by Prof. G. C. Klingbeil, extension horticulturalist, department of horticul- ture, University of Wisconsin, who is the new secretary and treasurer of the group. It contained reports on cranberry legislative matters, details on frost warn- ing service, herbicides, fertilization, special weather information, a report, "Around the State," and other features. In a note in this first issue President John M. Potter urges more active partici- pation of members, as ''we have a grow- ing industry and we need to — plan its activities and future development." Com- mittees have been appointed to plan meetings, to take action on legislation, to plan state fair activities, and to obtain new members. Present membership is 95, which is described as by no means 100 percent. From several sources in Wisconsin we have heard lately that there is much interest in putting new life into the grow- ers group. More power to it or any state association which puts on new vim and vigor. CALMING PLANT NERVES They were reported to help plants withstand the strains of weather, such as light frost, dry weather, long heat waves and too heavy rain. They reach the plant via its leaves; they give heavier yields according to preliminary experiments. Tranquilizers can be applied in two ways, sprayed on at blossom time or by earlier spraying. The first method helps blos- soms withstand bad growing conditions. The latter method seems to help increase the number of blossoms. Plant regulators are being tried out on cranberries at least in the Washington State Bog. Results seem possibly promising. CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL^Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapidi Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts PR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jeriey Before we realize it we will be picking — in about ten weeks or so. Har- vest is only that far away. What are our prospects as to size of crop and size of price received. It is far too early to make even a rough crop estimate, but most growers in Massachu- setts are talking "down;" in Wisconsin, second producer, bud is reported as spotty in the various far-flung areas. Washing- ton may be high. This could be a smaller year. But, there is the bugaboo of the NCA hold-over pool. Twentyseveii RVIN6 THE WISCONSIN GROWERS WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS WETTABLE POWDERS EMULSIONS Parathion — Malathion Ferbam — Dowpon Amino Triazole Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. P.O. BOX 584 MADISON, WIS. Phone Alpine 7-1019 IN^iViTHE FROZEN yFOOBflCASE MR. GROWER Our Job is working for you. Merchandising and Marketing Wisconsin Grown Cranberries Fresl) or Frozen V IvHV^**^ [ndioi^ruui FROZEN FRESH WHOLlfc INDIAN TRAIL INC. Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin P.O. Box 710 ■ ^•■■ini^lllil li!:.Hi!..Hi!hBi::Bii:. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES OUR PRODUCTS Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSON Twer.lyeieht' S E R V I N 6 T H E W I S 00 M S I N G R 0 W E RS FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton FJ.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES V T* "T* *?* T* ^ "I^ ^T* *r T^ ^ Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFCiS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto toeth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries: too Cranberry growers have enjoyed two decades of successful use of KROP-SAVER Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides Better Chemicals For Agriculture Crop-Saver Chemical Company Spring Green, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA T* V 't^ V "F •(* "l* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Sros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading? this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine all summer long barbecue promotion backs Ocean Spray's year 'round advertising! CO U < with TWO CRANBERRY SAUCE lABElS OmR EXPIRES DEC. 30. .959 Oceon Sprcy, Box 30, MUMow„,_Newiecs^ $2.79 value barbecue knife now offered nationally for only $1 and 2 Ocean Spray labels (Get your barbecue knife now! Send your money and 2 labels to Box 30, Englishtown, New Jersey.) 12 months out of the year big 4-color ads in LADIES' home journal, better HOMES AND GARDENS, GOOD HOUSE- KEEPING, and SUNSET sell Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce as the natural mate for every meat. Hard-selling TV commercials tell the same story. Now during June, July and August we're backing up our regular advertising with a special big barbecue promotion offering a $2.79 value barbecue chef knife for $1.00 and 2 Ocean Spray labels . . . plus free matching steak knife. To get your barbecue knife set, send money and labels to Box 30, Englishtown, New Jersey. Your business GROWS when you grow and sell through NCA NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION, Hanson, Massachusetts • Tel. Bryantville: Cypress 3-6311 t>^ i/.'^, 'INC A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY 1- m ^ « i^> MASSACHW ^^■ViONAL cmsmv MA$AZIU£ '^ ?E COD W JERSEY WISCONSIN >REGON WASHINGTON CANADA Cranberry Clinic In Massachusetts (See Page 2) (Cranberries Ph( 35 Cents JULY 1959 ■Nifin rORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWI Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Francoma Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareha Conveniently located for Cranberry Men m Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARRIS! Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED hAl^PI At Screenhouses. Hosts and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM. MAS'^ Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES Member Federal Deposit Iniurance Corp. :CTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS ADVERTISE IN CRANBERRIES MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Get the right product for every pest problem Use ORCHARD I BRAND ... the first choice of Commercial Growers GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION 40 Rector Street, New York 6, N. Y. 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. TOURAINE PAINTS HARDWARE SANDVIK SCYTHES (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) ALUMINUM SNATHS CYCLONE - FERTILIZERS & SEED SOWiiS WEEDOZOL OPEN SUNDAYS 9 A.M. - 1 P.M. CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNION 6-4480 Carver, Mass. ELECTRICITY Works For You With The Throw Of A Switch It Is Clean, Efficient - Releases Men For Other Bog Work. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH Tel. Wareham 200 Tel. PILGRIM 6-1300 FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safety Controls, 6" Flex-o-seal suction pipe and discharge fittings for each unit. L C. SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. L BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW NEW BURLAP BAGS for your PICKING flllACHINES MADE TO ORDER WHITMAN BAG CO. WHITMAN, MASS. Peter B. Berman Tel. JUniper 3-6466 ljl>|HlWl'»« ^TTimi^ff CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. Ona Annual Cape Meet Augusl 18th Annual meeting of Cape Cod Ciynberry Growers' Association set for 10 a.m. Massachusett.- Cranberry Experiment Station, Aug-ust 18 will center around an all "cranberry growing" program. President Ferris C. Waite wii! preside and station experts will speak in their various fields. At noon there will be a chicken and cranberry barbeciue, very po ular the past year or so. An in- vitation has been sent to officials of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and it is ex- pected many of them will attend including the commissioner of agriculture, Charles H. McNama- ra. There is much interest this year in the equipment display and there are a large number of exhibits, in- cluding Wiggins helicopter. Crop statistician C. D. Stevens will give the preliminary forecast and officers will be elected. OUR COVER Growing season clinics are fre- quently held in Massachusetts at appropriate intervals that Cran- berry Station experts may discuss and instruct in weed, insect or other control matters. They are held at convenient locations and are largely attended by growers wishing up-to-the-minute informa- tion. Clinic pictured on the cover shows part of the gathering at a meeting at State Bog, with Prof. "Bill" E. Tomlinson, etomologist instructing on insect control. MEDICAL CRANBERRY SEED TO SO. AFRICA Vernon Goldsworthy of Cran- berry Products, Inc., Eagle River, Wisconsin is to send one pound of cranberry seed (Vaccinium Maai'ocarpon) to South Africa. The seed was requested for med- ical purposes by Mrs. S. M. Greer, Standerton, Ti-ansvaal, South Africa. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE WANTED Western Pickers (Used) Contact Oscar Norton Rochester, Mass. Tel. Rockwell 3-5385 CRANBERRIES PROVIDES A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNEL MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Twt) Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Season now Normal One of the warmest Mays in history was followed by one of the cooler and wetter Junes. Temp- eratures in June averaged better than 3 degrees per day below nor- mal and rainfall for the month at the Cranberry Station measured 6.71 inches, or over twice the monthly average of 3.21 inches. Our season, which was reported in June to be a week or so ahead of last year, is now (July 13) be- lieved to be about normal. We have been concerned with the cloudy, wet weather experienced during the first three weeks of the blooming period. However, bees appear to have been active between showers as the berries are "set- ting" nicely on most bogs. Joseph Kelley pointed out earlier this month the importance of having hives of bees around our properties as extra insurance for a good set of fruit. Unfortunately, the demand for bees exceeded the supply due to the rather heavy mortality of bees during the winter months. No June Frosts Frost damage this spring ap- pears to be negligible; however "umbrellas" were common on a number of bogs, indicating that damage could have been substan- tial if temperatures had dropped another degree or two on these particular bogs. For the first time in several years no frost warnings were released in June. This is a bit unusual as the num- ber of June warnings has been increasing in recent years. A total of 13 warnings were sent out this spring compared to 19 last year, 19 in 1957, and 9 in 1956. George Rounsville handled the frost forecast work in his usual capable manner. We are also in- debted to the weather observers, telephone distributors, the four radio stations, and the U. S. Weather Bureau personnel for the important part they played in this service. The system for receiving the frost messages, including the explanation of terms used in the warnings, has received favorable comment and will be continued. Fungicides The cool weather experienced in June did add two points to our final keeping quality forecast, making a total of 5 points out of a possible 18 which favor good keeping quality fruit next fall or one point more than in 1958 and 1957. It is apparent that the odds this year do not favor good keep- ing quality unless corrective steps are taken. We are referring of course to the proper use of fung- icides. The unusual number of rainy days occurring during the blooming period made it extremely difficult to treat the bogs with fungicides at the proper time. However, a substantial number of acres were sprayed and it will be interesting to observe the results. Insects With the exception of fireworms and possibly sparganothis fruit- worm, insect activity in general has been relatively light, at least up to the fruitworm season. Fire- worms have been unusually trouble- some and have occurred on bogs that have been reasonably free from this pest for a number of years. Considerable second-brood activity has been observed on a number of bogs which indicates that these bogs may require treat- ment next spring, since many of the eggs of the second brood of fireworms do not hatch this year but carry over until next spring. We want to emphasize again the importance of checking bogs every 3 or 4 days from about mid-May to early August for the presence of insects. The hand lens and insect net are still standard equipment for locating the types and numbers of pests present so that proper control measures can be taken. A little extra effort with these tools will enable growers to properly time their pesticide treat- ments which is the real key to R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Three effective pest control. Growers are reminded again to heed the warning outlined at the bottom of the insect and disease control chart. Too many are still exposing themselves unnecessarily to parathion and related chemicals. Ditch weeds are becoming a i-eal problem on many bogs. Effective chemical treatments have been developed, including a new treat- ment found in the present weed control chart. Reference is made to the use of aminu-triazole plus dalapon for general weeds and is effective even with standing water in the ditches. There is no residue problem involved with this par- ticular treatment because the dalapon in the mixture prevents berry development. Sodium arsen- ite is another effective material for general ditch weeds, but is a deadly poison and must be used with great care. The grassy-type ditch weeds can be checked with No. 2 Fuel Oil but the ditches should be drained for best results. There is a definite place for greater use of weed clippers on many properties as a means of reducing the shading effect of these weeds over the cranberry vines. Amino-Triazolc One final note on weed control is called to the growers' attention — a flash card on the use of amino- triazole was mailed to growers through the county agents' offices following the cranberry clinics held in early July. It is extremely important that every grower re- ceive this information and heed the warning. For this reason, it is repeated again: "AMINO-TRIAZOLE - Growers attending the recent cranberry clinics were told that there was no possibility of a tolerance being established for the use of amino- triazole during the growing sea- son. Recent developments in the testing of this chemical prompted the chemical coinpanies concerned to withdraw their applications for FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. a tolerance before the Food and Drug Administration denied their request. This means very simply that we have no approval to use amino-triazole during the growing season. After harvest treatments are still cleared and will remain so as long as tests show no resi- due. In fact, results have in gen- eral been more satisfactory at that time of year. It should be clearly understood that any berries picked from vines treated with amino-triazole this year contain a residue and there- foi'e can be condemned. Any such berries found in our screen houses could result in the complete loss of all berries in that particular i screenhouse. Careless or irrespon- I sible action on the part of one grower could result in perfectly innocent growers losing their entire crop." 72nd Annual Meeting I The 72nd Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association will be held Tuesday, August 18, at the Cranberry Ex- periment Station beginning at 10 a.m. Guided tours of the State Bog will be held to inspect some of the insect, disease and weed control work, the seedling planta- tion and experiments in water management. Equipment displays will be another feature. The pop- ular chicken-cranberry barbecue i will be served at noon. The after- noon program will include a re- port of station staff members and will conclude with a crop report by Mr. C. D. Stevens. Incidentally, the crop reporting forms will be mailed out from Mr. Steven's office in late July. An accurate crop estimate is vital to the success of our marketing programs and we know growers will cooperate by returning their monthly crop estimates. President Ferris Waita invites all cranberry growers and their families to attend this meeting. Four Issue of July 1959 - Vol. 24 No. 3 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.60 per year. 8>ter*, 3t-<'c'nvr> a set of lugga ;e from colleagues in the Department of Horticulture at Rutge(rs University as he retires as research specialist from the Cranberry-Blueberry Re- search Laboratory in Pemberton. Making the presentation is Dr, Norman F. Childers, chairman of the department. Doehlert With Jersey Cranberry And Blueberry Work 38 Years Couple will remodel 1775 Quaker Church Into Home for Themselves Charles A. Doehlert who ha-: retired as associate researcher at the Rutgers University Cranberry and Blueberry Research Labora- tory at Pemberton, New Jersey came to the laboratory March 1, 1930. From 1921 to 1924 he had been assistant editor and acting- editor at the New Jersey Agric- ultural Experiment Station. Some of his most interesting research experiments have in- cluded: Working on the problems of scooping. Previous to the use of mechanical pickers, Jersey exper- imental tests showed that the injury to vines by scooping as compared to hand picking was due more to the attitude of the workers and the foreman on the job than to the scoops themselves. Getting the desired attitude is difficult. Therefore it was evident that what was needed was a mechanical devise that automatic- ally provided a constant protec- tion to the vines. He worked in developing a flight pattern for uniform air- plane distribution of fertilizers on cranberry bogs. This resulted in greatly increased use of fertilizers for cranberries. Finding was that fertilizing June 15 (even as little as 100 pounds per acre) resulted in large berries; fertilizing Aug- ust first was found to increase the set of fruit buds and fertil- izing in October strengthened the fruit buds so that their flowers set more and larger berries. It was found that fertilizer, up to 21 pounds of nitrogen per acre did not cause any increase in fruit rot of cranberries, and that in mid-winter a dosage of rotenone per acre would give the first con- trol of blueberry fruit fly, with applications by aircraft. He developed faster ways of pruning blueberries. He worked in organizing the search for the vector of blueberry stunt disease, accomplishing the first transmission of the disease with a mixture of blueberry leaf- hoppers. A seven-year test demon- strated that the roguing of dis- eased plants twice a year can keep the spread of stunt disease arrested. Philip E. Marucci and William E. Tomlinson, Jr., the lat- ter now at the Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, carried the larger part of the job of isolating the vector and work- ing out its control, so that the control of blueberry stunt disease was established in a relatively short time. Martin T. Hutchinson assisted in the finishing touches. For the immediate future he, and Mrs. Doehlert, the former Irene Nielson of Metuchen (teach- ing in the Jobstown public schools) plan a unique project. They will be busy completing the job of adapting a 1775 Quaker Meeting- house into their home. This vener- able landmark is on the Columbus- Mt. Holly road. The Doehlerts have three chil- dren; Charles Jr., is a specialist in internal medicine at Madison, Wis- consin; David is an industrial sta- tistician with E. I. Du Pont at Newark, Deleware and their daugh- ter, Margaret is a junior at Swart- more College. Doehlert succeeded the late Charles S. Beckwith, as chief re- searcher. Dohelert says, "I shall certainly miss the daily associa- tion with many growers and the stimulating contact with research workers in New Jersey and other stations. We will welcome visitors and friends who stop in at our new home." Mr. Doehlert is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma XI honorary fraternities; the Amer- ican Society of Economic Entomol- ogists and the American Society for Horticultural Science. He is secretary-treasurer of the Amer- ican Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation. From May 1930 until 1943 he was editor for the New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Associa- tion. Thirteen ^^ t'^M: ^»^ •%* FLOWABLE PARATHION 400 is ideal for use on cranberries. It is a modern formulation of parathion. . . a water-base emulsion offering all the advantages of parathion with these additional benefits: Less hazardous to handle. .. and greater safety to plants than emulsifiable concentrates. It contains no solvents or oils, can be used in all types of sprayers, and is compatible with a wide range of insecticides and fungicides. Flowable Parathion 400 is a Stauffer specialty. It's avail- able at your dealer. See him now. Stauffer Chemical Company One East 47th Street New York 17, N.Y. Onset Tours Open For The Summer Summer travelers on Cran- berry Highway, Southeastern Massachusetts are inv.\ed to visit the Ocean Spray processincp plant at Onset for a cranberry tour Tours opened July 6 and will con- tinue week days through Septem- ber 3, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wed- nesdays and Thursdays from 1:0() to 3 p.m. and on Fridays from 'J a.m. to 11 a.m. and 1 to 3 p.m. Guides are Virginia Whelan of Middleboro and Buzzards Bay, Beverly and Diane Sullivan (twins) Wareham, Janis Weaver, Marion and Mary Lou McNearney. Middleboro. This is the second year of Ocean Spray's summertime plant touis and last year as many as 750 visit- ors a day followed the route of the cranberry from freezer to shipping case. The "Welcome" shop has a new front and has been freshly painted inside and out under the planning of Miss Jean Griffin of the Cran- berry Kitchen. Mario Lince, plant manager, has had a movie theatre set Up inside the plant where "The Cranberry Story" will be shown to the public every week- day. There is also the Cranberry Museum with cranberry tools and equipment of yesterday and today, also open to the public. NATIONAL PAYS ANOTHER DOLLAR Ocean Spray growers received June payment of $1.00 per bar- rel on cranberries harvested last fall. First payment on 1958 ber- ries was S5.60 per barrel at the time of delivery to Ocean Spray receiving stations, and a second payment of $1.00 a barrel was mailed to growers in March. The June payment brings total re- turns to date up to $7.60 per barrel. ADVERTISE in CRANBERRIES Fourteen New Bog Buggy Designed At Mass. Station Prof. John S. Norton, head of the engineering! department at Massachusetts Cranberry Ex- periment Station has designed an all-purpose "bog buggy." This, with a ditch digger and a separator of a non-bounce type are expected to be on display or demonstrated at annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, August 18th at the State Bog. Norton describes the experimental bog vehicle as follows: The experimental bog vehicle is being designed and built with the main purpose in mind of provid- ing a means of transportation of heavy loads on the bogs that will do a minimum of damage to the vines. For example, it is honied that a payload of four yards of sand or 500 gallons of spray ma- terial, or 100 boxes of cranberries, might be transported on the bog without injury to the vines. It is also hoped that the vehicle will be able to span ditches up to 3 feet wide without bridging. It is emphasized that this ve- hicle is strictly experimental. It is neither inexpensive or light in weight. It weighs approximate- ly 5500 pounds. There will un- doubtedly be a number of short- comings become apparent as the machine is tested. However, ef- forts will be continued to over- come these problems as they ap- pear. The basic design of the machine centers around the theory that a wide belt with closely spaced support rollers would distribute the weight of the vehicle and its load over a large area just as the track on a track-type tractor does. Thereby reducing the unit pressure on the vines. The belt on the machine is 4 feet wide and the drive rollers are 10 feet on center. This pro- vides a contact area of 40 square feet or 5760 square inches. With 4 yards of sand the weight per square inch will be approximately 3 pounds. The support rollers are 9 inches apart. This spacing of the support rollers will undoubted- Front view of experimental bog buggy, designer John Norton in operator's seat. (Cranberries Photo) Iv permit some concentration of the load under each roller with a lesser amount of the load being supported by the belt between the rollers. The degree of this load concentration has not yet been determined. The machine is 18 feet long with the clear deck to the rear of the tractor engine being 8^/4 feet long by 5% feet wide. The four wheels are necessary to pro- vide maneuverability. For opera- tion off the bog and for turning, the wheels must be lowered and the belt raised off the ground. The support rollei'S are allowed to follow the contour of the ground through the system of springs and linkages to which they are at- tached. The power unit is an Allis- Chamlers Model G tractor. If an engine of siifficient power but with a shallow enough depth to mount between the upper and lower runs of the belt can be ob- tained to replace the Allis-Chal- mers, the machine could either be shortened and lightened or five feet more length for payload could be made available. READ CRANBERRIES Fifteen t\'>9W^: ■■■-■■ y>.-yvf- ■■>> ' up-' WnillliM ■i^l^ gj^^^; : . ,iafc .,, Ati^iis^ifeiiS*^ 1 Side view of experimental bog vehicle with rear wheels down for turning. Lower shows the wheels up and the machine resting on the belt as in actual operations. (Cranberries Photo) Sixteen FRESH FROM FIELDS (Continued from Page 6) thing becomes apparent when the commercial (bogs are compared with old and abandoned cranberry bogs, we have been unable to find any lecanium scale on these bogs that have not been sprayed for a number of years. Contrary to this the commercial bogs that have been sprayed with DDT be- come infected with lecanium scale readily if applications of para- thion are not combined. It would appear from this that there is a natural predator in these old bogs which apparently can be killed out by the use of the more effective insecticides. Improving Drainage Much interest is present this year in improving the drainage and water control throughout the cranberry growing area, both in Long Beach and in Grayland. Sys- tems of drainage are sought that will take off the excess water but at the same time will hold the underground water at a bene- ficial level. It is found that in these peat bogs if water is drained too deeply the peat deteriorates and sinks and makes a problem of the bog becoming continually lower. In previous years the drainage districts have made no effort to control the amount of drainage they have only worked to keep drainage ditches open. This work is being done with the aid of the Soil Conservation Agency. OREGON Cranberries In Centennial Every county, town or com- munity in Oregon is doing some- thing in an old fashioned way to observe the Oregon Centennial year. Beards are flourishing, long ■handle-bar mustaches are very much in evidence among the male population, while the ladies oc- casionally break out in styles in vogue when grandmother was a girl. Figuring in Centennial publi- I cation in Coos County history [through the years often is fea- |tured photographs depicting the changes in the cranberry indus- try, as well as other Coos County agricultural enterprises. It is very interesting to look back at pic- tures taken when all cranberry bogs were hand picked with each picker taking his row between two tightly stretched strings across the bog. A grower reminisces that he can remember providing an area around his home to park over sixty automobiles driven by berry pickers to his place. Now he har- vests the entire crop alone. Other such interesting stories are coming forth, such as the cranberry bog up in the Hauser area in Coos County which was supposed to have been established near the time Oregon became a state and was harvested by the Indians. It is still in production. New Cranberry Acreage More recently we can report an interest in increasing cranberry acreage by various growers. The biggest new establishment is by Jack Dean and Bob Norton, who are working toward a fifteen acre addition to the present Jack Dean bogs. Other growers are expand- ing, too. Lots of overhead sprinkling systems are being installed. This in part is a result of a water con- servation program set up by the local ACP office, where it can give assistance to growers desir- ing to shift from flood to sprink- ler irrigation. This year the bloom on the vines looks good for this time of the season. The fruit set is o.k. and full bloom was the 4th of July, which is right on sched- ule. Some fireworm infestation is reported, but the DDT and mala- thion recommendations, if appli I timely, seem to hold the damage to a minimum. It is reported that more fungicides than ever are being used by the growers this season. the last week in the month produc- ing over half of the months total precipitation. Temperatures ranged from four to five degrees above the normal of about 66 degrees. Precipitation was the heaviest in southwestern Wis. and lightest along the eastern sections of the state. The central and northern areas had 50-75% of normal. The rains the last of the month were badly needed as drought conditions were developing. This also gave the vines a good soaking into bloom. Warmest day was the 9th when the temperatures reached 96 degrees in northeastern Wis. and coolest was the 16th and 9th when temperatures dropped to the low 20's in the same general areas. The outlook for July is for abnor- mal temperatures and below nor- mal rainfall. Averages for the month are about 70 degrees and Sy2 inches of rain. J2iarly Bloom The warm humid month with WISCONSIN June, Warm, Humid June was warm and humid. The month started with showers and above normal temperature, then entered a prolonged warm dry spell for over two weeks with FOR SALE A limited number of tons of BEN LEAR vines for 1960 planting. Their Characteristics are: Earliest Marketing commercial variety in the industry. Mature 1 week or 10 days before New Jersey and Massachusetts var- ieties— 2 weeks before Wise, varieties. Have a distinct mellow flavor commented on by consumers. Four years on the "Twin City" fruit market and specifically sought by distributors familiar with them; also sought by dis- tributors who sent them on the market, but not connected with qlrganized cranberry selling agencies. They extend the early fresh cranberry market. Extend the use of harvesting and packing facilities. For Further Information Contact TONY JONJAK HAYWARD, WISCONSIN Seve'nteen little frost flooding developed the vines so that a scattering of blos- soms was noted on some early young vines the first of June. This was the earliest for many years. Had it not been for the rainy cooi weather the later part of June all varieties with the possible ex- emption of natives and Howes would have been or past full bloom by the first of July. Prospects Look Good Crop prospects looked very good at the end of the month and with no severe rains or hail developing in that storm period, it was felt by most growers that little if any damage had been done as far as set was concerned. Early set looked remarkably well and if the season continued warm the ber- ries could expect to size well and color early, which was in complete difference with conditions last year at this date. Some Northeastern Frost Loss Some frost loss was reported in some northeastern marshes oc- curing on the early cold weather of June. While figures are not available it is estimated a total of four marshes were affected with a possible loss of thirty acres in total. This marks the fourth consecutive year that some eco- nomic loss to frost has occurred in that growing area of the state. In all instances adequate water sup- plies were on hand to afford ample protection. This loss will not affect the state crop by much. Insects Insects were light for the most part and controls appeared to be doing a good job. Weather con- ditions were favorable for dusting. The second brood fireworm mil- lers and larvae were showing up the latter part of the month, which was about a week to ten days ahead of nonnal. Infesta- tions were expected to be light. Fniitworm millers appeared late and in small numbers as of the end of the month. The writer be- lieves the severe early cold wea- ker we had last fall could have killed many of the pupating worms, as the worms were late Eisrhteen last year and were still feeding in October. Traps were being put out to check miller emergence. NOVA SCOTIA Prospects Good E. L. Eaton, senior horticultur- ist, Canada Department of Agri- culture, Kentville, Nova Scotia says the general cranberry pros- pects are better than average, al- though there was a lot of damp weather, which on the Cape would have been conducive to poor keep- ing quality. He reports that very few bogs are receiving adequate care because of the price situa- tion. Prince Edward Island He also reports some interest- ing plots of cranberries on Prince Edward Island, on relative- ly dry land near the shores of that Province. A combination of amino triazole and sulphate of ammonia has given excellent results. The past winter was sevei'e from the standpoint of killing since these dry areas are not susceptible to flooding. He adds that with am- ino triazole, still unacceptable to U. S. Food and Drug except in post-harvest use it might seem no commercial expansion would be justified as a result of this suc- cessful research. LATE MASSACHUSETTS Looking Up As of mid-July the crop wa- looking up, excellent bloom, gooc; set. Apparently it could be com- parable to the second-largest oi ' record, the 010,000 barrels of last season. In s])ite of a wet and cool June, Ijees were working well, vine and berry growth was termed extremely "lush and ten- der." Insects Troublesome Insects were becoming rather troublesome as the season ad- vanced and control had not been helped by persistant, foggy and rainy weather. In order they were fruitworm, tipworm, spargonothis, blackheads and leafhoppers. Warmer Up to July 1.3 temperatures had averaged 26 plus, or two a day, quite contrary to weather of June. To the 13th at State Bog there had been a total of 2.54 inches of rain, with the normal for the month 3.60. Of this precipitation 1.4.5 inches was due to the tail of Hurricane Cindy, which hit the Carolina coast earlier, passing New England out to sea. Some communities got more than 2 inches accompanied by high winds. A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDIJEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN. MASS. i|n ■ m — — ->■—»■——■■ ■■'■ ISSUE OF JULY 1959 Vol. 24 - No. 3 OF AN ANCIENT TRIBE That cranberry juice was in use as approximately as early as the beginning of the Christian era, or some 2,000 years ago, was brought out in our last issue. This was in an article by Gilbert T. Beaton, writing in a series sponsored by the Cran- berry Institute, We trust this article was read and may be tucked away in the knowledge bin of cranberry growers. We do not be- lieve that every fruit or vegetable can trace its lineage back that far. It is true the cranberry juice came from the European variety of the cran- berry and not the American fruit, Vaccin- ium Macrocarpon but it is still the cran- berry. The fact of use was proven by the scientific study of a pouch found beside the body of a man in Denmark, preserved in a peat swamp. A number of years ago there was an article in CRANBERRIES Magazine, concerning an Indian chief, whose name was translated as "Cranberry Eater." He was active in the Middle Ages, perhaps about 1550. Some day it may be discovered that American Indians used the American cranberry as early as did the man of Den- mark use the European variety. Probably they did. At any rate it is proven the cranberry is no Johnny-Come-Lately in human consumption. We who deal in cran- berries are truly of an ancient tribe. ■iM—w »w^w I iiw nt^t SELLING, NOT PRODUCING What the cranberry industry needs right now (as the possibility of another sizeable crop, plus hold-over looms up) is every effort toward selling. With all due respect to the difficulties of raising a crop, cultural problems are becoming licked. Does publicity help in selling? We believe it does, at least to an extent. NCA is doing a good job at this, this summer in opening the Onset plant to visitors on escorted tours. It is a smari: move. This is the second season of this. These visitors are more apt to buy cran- berries in the future. CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS—ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. BERTRAM TOMLINSON Barnstable County Agricultural Agent Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey CHARLES A. DOEHLERT P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey Also, w^hile the Massachusetts Cran- berry Highway Association, v^as not de- signed to aid cranberry selling, it will be of benefit. In fact the association capital- ized on. the name "cranberry" as an attraction to itself. Yet it is working out both ways, with a headquarters at Onset, various signs stating this is "Cranberry Highway," business establishments placing the address on their stationary and in advertising, there is bound to be more and more attention drawn to cranberries. Nineteen VINO THE WISeONSIN GROWERS National May Change Name To ''Ocean Spray'' At the annual meeting of stock- holders of National Cranberry As- sociation, Hanson, August 19 a vote will be taken on a change of corporate name. Board of Direc tors meeting recently recommend- ed the name be "Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc." An affirmative two-thirds vote by common stockholders and an amendment in the charter and by- laws is required to accomplish the change. WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS WETTABLE POWDERS - EMULSIONS Parathion — Malathion Ferbam — Dowpon Dithane Z - 78 Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. P.O. BOX 584 Phone Alpine 7-1019 MADISON, WIS. OUR PRODUCTS strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN | iL IS ijoaiLed out by directors that the name "Ocean Spray," is so well known that it has been felt for some time that more advan- tage could be gained if the coop- erative was always referred to as Ocean Spray lather than Nation- *Se^. y.^ ^'*6**'*^'' Wisconsin Grown QUALITY Attractive Packaging Results In Better Returns More Sales Are What The Cranberry Industry Needs SELLING IS WHAT WE DO BEST CRAiMBERRY ORANGF RELISH 6> ^ GRAND SLAM \ y WITH HAM . ^fkaiiH FOOD CASE [nilimijnml FROZEN FRESH WHOLE INDIAN TRAIL INC. P. O. Box 710 Wisconsin Rapids. Wis. Twenty ■li^^ %^ ^ VIN6 THE WISCONSIN GROWERS FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1959 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G«tsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too Hume Products Corp. Manufacturers of Grass Removal Conveyors for Equipment and Cranberry Growers For Information Write: c/o Cranberry Products Hume Products Corp. Inc. Eagle River, Wisconsin THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA J **-**itiif* KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point SPRSI^KLER SYSTEiUS PUMPS HIGH CAPCITY WELLS ROBERTS IRRIGATION SERVICE STEVENS POINT WISCONSIN CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine all summer long barbecue promotion backs Ocean Spray's year 'round advertising! FREE Sieak Knife GUARANTEED $2^ cunwG' 100 with TWO CRANBERRY SAUCE iABElS JUST SEND TWO OCEAN SPRAY ^B^S and $1.00 ifoNG WITH rOUR NA/ME and ADDRESS O: OFWSiS^30,1939 Ocean Spr,y, Box 30 jnglishtownjlewj^ ^2.79 value barbecue knife now offered nationally for only $1 and 2 Ocean Spray labels (Get your barbecue knife now! Send your money and 2 labels to Box 30, Englishtown, New Jersey.) V 12 months out of the year big 4-color I ads in LADIES' HOME JOURNAL. BETTER HOMES AND GARDENS, GOOD HOUSE- m KEEPING, and SUNSET sell Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce as the natural mate for every meat. Hard-selling TV commercials tell the same story. Now during June, July and August we're backing up our regular advertising with a special big barbecue promotion offering a $2.79 value barbecue chef knife for $1.00 and 2 Ocean Spray labels . plus free matching steak knife. To get your barbecue knife set, send money and labels to Box 30, Englishtown, New Jersey. Your business GROWS when you grow and sell through NCA NATIONAL CRANBERRY ASSOCIATION, Hanson. Massachusetts • Tel. Bryantville: Cypress 3-6311 ZING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY ^PE COD EW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA TWINS, Beverly and Diane Sullivan are summer tour guides at Ocean (Onset, Mass.) cannery. See page 1. (Cranberries 35 Cents AUGUST 1959 DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouaa Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. The CHARLES W. HARRIS' Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, BosTS and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRi\NBERRY GROWltRS FOR SALE 3, 6 cyl., 500 g.p.m. CHRYSLER IRRIGATION PUMPS Automatic Safety Controls, 6" Flex-o-seal suction pipe and discliarge fittingfs for each unit. L C. SPRING Indian Brook Manomet, Mass. Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Mode] ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW NEW BURLAP BAGS for your PICKING MACHINES MADE TO ORDER WHiTMAN BAG CO. WHITMAN, MASS. Peter B. Berman Tel. JUniper 3-6466 CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. Our Cover The 17 V2 year-old twins, Beverly and Diane Sullivan, are among the guides who this summer took parties of vacationists through National Cranberry Association plant at Onset, Mass. Last year as many as 750 a day visited the "Welcome" shop and were shown through the plant, and in this, the second year of the tours, a larger attendance is expected before season ends. The girls are the daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Sullivan of Braintree, but live in Wareham with their grandfather Roy Hitch- cock. They are June graduates of Wareham High School and in the fall plan to enter Fisher Junior College, Beacon street, Boston where both will study to be legal secretaries. JERSEY SUMMER MEETING AUG. 25 Summer meeting of American Cranberry Growers' Association this year was scheduled to be held Tuesday, August 25 at Clayton's Cabins near Barnegat, starting at 10 a.m. Meeting is usually held the last Thursday in August but the change was made for this year only because of a tour by the American Society for Horticultural Science in eastern Pennsylvania August 27 and 28. Charles A. Doehlert, who recent- ly resigned as chief of research staff at the Cranlaerry-Blueberry Laboratory, Pemberton, and was secretary-treasurer will continue as treasurer until the election at the annual meeting in February while Philip E. Marucci, also of the station will act as secretary until the election. NEW JERSEY BERRY STATISTICS New Jersey Agricultural Sta- tistics, issued by the New Jersey Crop Reporting Service show that last year 88,000 barrels were harvested on 2,500 acres in that state. Average yield per acre was 35.2. The total value was $1,056,000 at a value per acre of $422. Blueberries were harvested on 5,400 acres to the total of 1,404 trays, total value §1,056,000 and §663 per acre. In 1957 78,000 barrels of cran- berries were hai-vested on 2,800 acres, for a total value of §936,000 and an acre value of $334, average per acre, 27.9. CRANBERRIES PROVIDES A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS ELECTRICITY Works For You With The Throw Of A Switch It Is Clean, Efficient - Releases Men For Other Bog Work. Bllll^— -tU^-^U'l^ Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM Tel. Wareham 200 PLYMOUTH Tel. pilgrim 6-1300 One READ CRANBERRIES MOKRIS HONORED FOR SERVICES Leonard G. Morris, who resigned as director of National Cranberry Association after selling- his 25- acre cranberry bog at Long Beach, Washington, last month was hon- ored by fellow directors while at directors' meeting at Hanson, Mass. He received a barometer and weather forecaster. The gift was presented by David Pryde of Grayland, Washington and James Olson of Bandon, Oregon. Besides the good wishes of the board, Mr. Morris received com- mendations for his contributions to Ocean Spray from Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager and executive vice president. He will continue to be a cran- berry grower and has recently planted three acres of new vines. Late Massachusetts First of Month Dry and cooler August for the first two weeks was dry and cooler than normal. Temperatures had averaged a minus 20. Rainfall as recorded at State Bog on the 14th was .97th inch with measurable precipitation on three days and traces on 3 others. Normal rainfall for the month is 3.60. HORTICULTURAL SALES 35 South Main St. West Bridgewater, Mass. "Bob Mossman" Prop. Tel. JUniper 3-9112 CRANBERRY GROWERS SUPPLIES WEED AND BRUSH KILLERS WEEDAZOL (50% AMINO TRIAZOLE) Insecticides — Fungicides — Herbicides Aerial Spraying and Dusting FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Joe Kelley The hig-hlight of the 72nd annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association held August 18 at the State Bog was the well deserved recognition given to Joe Kelley for his long and faithful service to the cran- berry industry as he approaches his retirement this fall. The old expression that "it couldn't have happened to a nicer guy" expresses the feeling of his many friends. Much will be written in this issue of CRANBERRIES concerning Joe's outstanding service to his industry, but the writer would like to add his own personal tribute. It was largely under Joe's gui- dance that a very green Vermont- er was trained in ways of our industry. His help, patience and understanding is deeply appreci- ated. Those who have had Joe as a teacher as well as the many growers that he has helped have tremendous respect for his prac- tical, down-to-earth approach to bog problems and agree that they have yet to meet his equal in this regard. We all wish Joe and Mrs. Kelley the very best in the years ahead. The Massachusetts Crop Massachusetts growers have produced another fine crop of cranberries, according to the esti- mate released August 18 by C. D. Stevens of the New England Crop Reporting Service at the annual meeting of the above association Mr. Stevens placed the 1959 Massachusetts crop at 610,000 barrels which equals our second largest crop if this estimate holds up throughout the harvest. He also stated that the number of crop reporters have decreased from a record high of 238 in 1958 to 218 this year. While these co- operators represent 56 percent of the crop, more are needed. We sincerely hope that the next 3 monthly requests for this vital crop information will show an in- crease in the number of cooper- ators. Accurate crop estimates are necessary for the development of sound marketing programs and are a very tangible way in which growers can assist their marketing agencies. Berry size is reported to be average or better and present indications point to a harvest that is expeced to begin shortly after Labor Day. Labot Problem Adequate supplies of harvest labor is usually a problem and this year will be no exception. The Massachusetts Division of Employ- ment Security will be recruiting labor as they have in the past. We understand that they will be establishing field offices at the... National Cranberry Associatlori,,. now known as tthe Ocean Spray.: Cranberries Inc., in Hanson and . in the Wareham and Middleboro areas. Their home offices in Brockton, Hyannis, New Bedford, . Plymouth and Taunton will con.-- tinue to serve growers. Those needing harvest labor should place their orders as early as possible, . Quality Control Study Another quality control study has been approved for our station , this fall, making the fifth succes- sive season that we have been engaged in this type of work. Our new project involves a study of . the effect of zineb and phaltan, one of the newer fungicides, on tha shelf -life of fresh cranberries. Last year's work was far from conclu- sive and pointed to the need for further investigation as to the value of fungicides as a means of exending the shelf life of fresh cranberries at the retail store level. Irving Demoranville, as usual, will be working with the writer on this project. Market Reports Since 1954, a cranberry market report has been prepared by the Agricultural Marketing News Service in Boston. This weekly market report is issued durmg the fresh fruit season and furnishes R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers • Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Three growers and shippers with infor- mation on rail and truck ship- ments, prices in leading markets and helpful information on the condition of our crop. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Associa- tion sponsored this report and furnished their mailing list so that growers could receive this useful information. However, in- terest has declined to a point where only 28 growers are now receiving this report. We have re- quested that certain revisions be made in the format to make it more useful and have also asked that it be mailed out this fall to all members of the association plus any others that may be interested. If at the end of this season there is lack of interest, it will be dis- continued. We felt growers were due this explanation. Amino Triazole There is a tremendous amount of interest in the use of amino- tfiazole after harvest this fall. Those planning to use this chemi- cal would do well to consider the following points: 1. It should be confined to as- ters, nutgrass, panic grasses, white violets, and cutgrass as outlined in the weed control chart. In addi- tion, rushes and some of the sedges can be controlled with this chemical. 2. Areas to be treated should be picked as early as possible in order that the weeds will still be green at the time of treatment. 3. Bogs to be treated should be flooded immediately after harvest to help revive the vines after the rough picking operation which in turn helps prevent damage from the use of amino-triazole. The bogs should then be drained for 24 hours before using this chemi- cal. The "fall clean-up flood" is extrem-ely beneficial to bogs. Those bogs that lack water for this flood should not be treated with amino-triazole until about 3 days after harvest. 5. If there is danger of frost on bogs that are to be treated even though the crop is harvested, it would be well to flood in order to protect the weeds and keep them green. Four Thin areas of bog that are to be treated with amino-triazole, should be fertilized later this fall or next spring in order to thicken up the vines which will help crowd out young weed seedlings that usually develop in such areas. We are please to report that Robert Alberghini has returned to our station after 2 years service in the Coast Guard. Bob is a valu- able member of our staff and we are most happy that he is back on the job. READ CRANBERRIES Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B, CECTI.L, JR. . i J , Serving fhe People of New Eng and Since 1859 wiiini! IIBlillBIIIIHIIinil iiHiiiir, 4 I I Aerial Sprayis^g and Dusting also Fertilizing We Specialize In Parathion Applications both Sprays and Dusts MARSHFIELD AIRWAYS, INC. Marshfield, Mass. Thos. S. Weitbrecht (Whitey) Temple 4-7818 I I .■tl.l.l.t \^ ^;J^tfJ^'-G'WN«eRftK^,^^j^jq^^, Issue of August 1959 - Vol. 24 Nio. 4 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. "•■*•«■•e glad they did at end of season. It was weather not conducive to good keeping quality. Berries on Schedule At end of the month the coming crop seemed to be about on sched- , ule, as far as early water was concerned. Late water, however was definitely retarded. The early water fruit promised to perhaps be slightly larger than normal on the whole. There should be picking in early September. Blueberries Good The cultivated blueberry crop was ahead of last year, when it was late, and harvest was at its peak by end of July, first of August. The crop was reported as good. "^i-. NEW JERSEY Persistent and heavy rains throughout most of July made harvesting of blueberries extreme- ly difficult. Heavy losses resulted from cracking of berries and ex- cessive droppage. Cranberry grow- ers suffered dam wash-outs in a few places but since the monsoon did not start until well after pol- lenation had been accomplished, damage to cranberries was as yet not considered to be serious. At the Haines and Haines cran- berry bogs at Hog Wallow up- wards of 12 inches of rain occurred, while at the Cutts Brothers prop- erty a few miles closer to the CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKING Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness @ CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry... and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® com oil KARO® syrups BOSCO® chocolate flavored syrup NIAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog food NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO® corn and gloss starches Five shore more than 16 inches fell. The Colasurdo property at Mays Landing probably received even more than this. At the Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory at New Lisbon it rained on 14 days and the total accumulation was 7.52 inches, about o.20 inches in excess of normal. Temperatures Normal Temperature-wise the month was about normal, averag'in;;- 74.9° F. as compared to the norm of 75.6" F. There were only seven days of 9C-deoTee weather, the maximum beino- 96° F. on the first of the month. The minimum of 48° on the eighth was the fifth coldast July temperature ever recorded at the laboratory. Since this is an upland station where the minimum is usually about ten degrees warmer than some nearby bogs, it is quite likely that there were readings in the thirties on cran- berry bogs in New Jersey on July 8th. Good Crop Veteran cranberry observers are still looking for a good crop. The set has been excellent and fruit- worm damage appears to be light. Rot or "scald", which sometimes develops rapidly during hot spells in August, is the last impediment in the way of a better than aver- age crop for New Jersey. WISCONSIN "Old-Fashioned" A real old fashioned summer continued through the month of July in Wisconsin. Temperatures were above normal with high humidity and very warm nights. There were no frost warnings issued during the month. Warmest day was 95 degrees th& last of the month and the coldest was 37 degrees the middle of the month. Precipitation was defecient in most of the cranberry areas. Ex- cept for the northwest all other areas had 50 to 75% of normal rainfall. Rain fell over most areas during the first few days of the month and also on the 10th. The remainder of the month brought very dry conditions and drought conditions were develop- ing. Sand marshes had been irrigating and water was raised in most ditches. Reservoir supplies were beginning to drop due to evaporation and irrigation, but conditions were not considered serious. The outlook for August was for continued dry and above normal temperatures. Averages •for August are 63 degrees and 3.63 inches of rain. With the continued ideal grow- ing season prevailing through July vine development continued about two weeks ahead of normal. Full bloom was reached in early July, set was better than average and berries were growing rapidly by the end of the month. Upright growth was stimulated due to the ideal weather and response from. (Continued on Page 13) C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 >f!ii>^->,' A--:*'- i'A-^',:' .'W.i^M. SHAWMUT GLASS CONTAINERS, Inc. REPRESENTING KNOX GLASS, Inc. i 29 STILLINCS STREET BOSTON, MASS. :^: Six Problem: weed infestations in cranberry bogs Solution: Result: mm post -harvest spraying with WEEDAZOL BRAND AMINO TRIAZOLE weed l(iller bigger, more easily harvested crops next year! W E E D A Z O L is the original AMINO TRI- AZOLE weed killer, highly effective against all weeds infesting cran- berry bogs. WEEDAZOL another chemical development of AMCHEM PRODUCTS, INC. (Formerly American Chemical Paint Co.) St. Joseph, Mo. - AMBLER, PA. - Niles, Calif. Amchem and Weedazol ^e registered trademarks of Amchem Products, Inc. Seven ^■4^ for «?OHttt»«»* m* «He *««t fr«nb*>,fry m«r(«he.^r. During the 187<)» « fmtmriiy $mh Uurany <;arverf OMt fey hajsfl th« bofs <« fltl» «rc« «««{. which hm^. ^lv>&?8 »08f« «tf the l*l$ho.«t yl«>fels ;|»(f;r ftcr« l» ;fttury hiiilj||i||!l,lRf |»fi?!is>wis«at«4 tfrter, ii^jps«i^;iiiiiiii^^^ family ■■^^^™^1lii-;iiili^^ rsew o«Jy pel: Of.«»;?i>«»i<^ :"^ ' I Wisconsin Historical Makes Dedication Of Marker Honoring Cranberry Culture In Central (Wood County) Of The State. Held as part of summer meeting of Wisconsin State Cran- berry Growers' Meeting, near Port Edwards, August 8 — Notables Present. Dedication of a Wisconsin His- torical marker honoring cranberry culture in Central Wisconsin was a feature of summer meeting of Wisconsin State Cranberry Grow- ers' Association Saturday, August 8 at 2 p.m. The marker is located near the Potter Marsh West of Port Edwards. About 150 attend- ed. Master of ceremonies was Clarence A. Searles, a leading cranberry grower. He introduced honored guests who included W. W. Clarke, State Senator, William J. Schereck, State Historical Society and Arthur W. Piltz, State Highway Commission. The address was by Dr, George Peltier of Wisconsin Rapids. There was a welcome by Marshall J. Buehler, president of the Wood County Historical Association, and an address by John M. Potter, president of the gi'owers' associ- Eight ation. Invocation was by the Rev- erand David A. Spear, and bene- diction by the Reverand Joseph Marx. The address of Dr. Peltier fol- lows: "We are met today to pay homage to a small group of sturdy, tough-minded men, with an ever- lasting stick-to-itiveness, who in spite of numerous trials and tribulations, due to the continual hazards of frosts and fii-es, floods and drought, plus the ups and downs in prices, managed to build an industry in spite of the vicissi- tudes of a harsh and raw environ- ment. The spark which ignited the cranberry industry in the former glacial bed of Lake Wisconsin in South Wood County stemmed from the expansion and boom in the Berlin area from 1850 to 1870. In 1870 some of the younger M men without sufficient capital ito buy suitable land at inflated prices in the Berlin area started out to locate desirable areas of inexpen- sive government lands. During this decade, Whittlesey and R. Smith bought raw land in this area (Cranmoor) to be followed shortly by the Bennetts, Potters, Searls, Fitches, Rezins, Gaynors, Arpins, and others, until by 1900 approximately 1000 acres were under cultivation, in spite of the disasterous fires of the eighties and nineties, which broke the spirits of the weakhearted and left a core of ragged individuals to carry on. , { We should not forget, however, the part that the women folks played in the development of the industry, since by their encourage- ment and willingness to share the daily hardships, made life bear- able for their menf6lks and fam- ilies. It is indeed iriterestihg to note that the descendants of the pioneers, thru to the fourth gen- ei'ation, control either directly or indirectly upwards of 75% of the present cranberry acreage in the state. I can speak from my per- sonal contacts, since I knew and Helping Cranberries Grow Better ORTHO offers a crop protection program tailor-made for your area Your ORTHO FMeldman knows the particular problems of your area wherever you farm. When you buy the ORTHO program you get the bene- fit of this technical field service, a half century of research, and all the scientific experience that makes ORTHO America's number one line of agricultural chemicals. Massachusetts Springfield Hudson There are ORTHO offices to serve you in the Nation s Cranberry growing areas New Jersey Haddonfield Moorestown Canbury Wisconsin Janesville Sturgeon Bay Washington Yakima Seattle Walla Walla Wenatchee Oregon Portland ORTHO California Spray - Chemical Corp. A SUBSIDIARY OF CALIFORNIA CHEMICAL COMPANY RICHMOND CALIF.; WASHINGTON D. C. Ninfl -worked with most of these folks during my four summers on the cranberry station (1908-11). Ak it turned out, the Berlin area) went into a rapid decline in the eighties due primarily to the use of the alkaline waters of the Fox: River for flooding. Some- what later bogs were established in Juneau, Jackson and Monroe Counties. After World War I bogs were carved out from the wilds in the Northwest and since World War II, in the North- eastern part of the state, until today the total acreage in Wis- consin is in excess of 4,000 pro- ducing acres, with a crop value of 4 million dollars, which exceeds the value of either apples, cherries, or strawberries produced in the state. In the beginning small areas of wild cranberries were located and fenced in. Early it was discovered tha,t they had to be protected from frosts, so that a plentiful sujiply of water became impera- tive and reservoirs were estab- lished with a series of ditches to move the water on and off the beds. This in turn necessitated level beds, so scalping, leveling and sanding soon became the standard practice. During this period, hand tools for cutting ditches, planting and other chores were developed' aS well as scalping plows and ^ other horse drawn equipment. Also during this epoch, the ob- servant growers selected from the wild vines what they deemed to be outstanding types. Of some 30 to 40 such selections grown, only one became outstanding; i.e., the Searls which was selected by Andrew Searls in 1893. At the present time over 60 7f of the acreage in the state is now planted to this productive variety. In 1903 the College of Agricul- ture established the cranberry sta- tion (opposite the Gaynor marsh) Wjhich contributed to the general advance of the industry in the use of fertilizers, control of insect and fungal pests, water management apd proper cultural practices. Un- Ten fortunately, the station was dis- continued in 1917 due to the lack of funds. In this connection it is well to mention some of the scientists responsible for aiding to solve some of the pressing prob- lems. The following names come to mind: Malde, Hardenberg, Rogers, Stevens, Bain, and Goldsworthy. Each made distinct contributions in his special field. May I briefly mention some of the outstanding developments of the industry in Wood County by decades: 1870-80 The beginning. 1880-90 Improved methods of water control for frost protection, scraping, sanding and drainage. 1890-1900 Disasterous fires and replanting. Selection and propa- gation of the Searls variety. 1900-10 The experiment station established. The founding of the American Exchange with A. U. Chaney in charge of sales. 1910-20 Expansion of acreage, cither by additions to going marshes or the start of new devel- opments. 1920-30 The outstanding dis- covery of the cause of "false blos- som" and methods for its control. 1930-40 The digging of the "cran- berry ditch" from the Wisconsin River to the Cranmoor area which fortunately afforded supplies of sufficient flood water for the then stricken drought area. 1940-50 Rapid increase in acre- age, due to the inflated prices re- ceived during the war years. 1950-60 The impact of the machine age, with mechanical rakes, driers and diverse labor saving equipment. The introduc- tion of the organic phosphorus for insect control as well as the car- bomates for fungus diseases. A new approach to the fertilizer problem. The introduction of chemical weed killers - all of which h&ve contributed to increased yields, which in 1958 averaged over 90 bbls. per acre as contrasted to less than 20 bbls. per acre in 1900. Truly a remarkable achieve- ment. What of the future ? I visualize v/ith our present "know-how", average yields of 100 bbls. or more per acre with an annual state production of V2 million bbls., without too much expansion in acreage. Improved methods of storage, milling and packaging a better quality product are in the offing. Yearly increased yields will force the development of new methods for disposing of the crop. This serious problem is now facing the growers. Will the present genera- tion have the fortitude, courage, and judgment of their forefathers in facing up to the problems of the future? Only time will tell." The Marker reads: "For countless ages the wild cranberry flourished in many marsh areas of Central Wiscon- sin. In 1829 Daniel Whitney men- tioned the purchase of three canoe loads of cranberries brought down the Yellow River from the Cran- moor area by Indians. During the decade of 1870-80, a few hardy souls literally carved out by hand the bogs in this area and in spite of many hazards such as fires and lack of water succeeded in estab- lishing a new crop. With time the native vines were supplanted by higher producing selections which have materially aided in the pro- duction of the highest yields per acre in the nation. At the turn of the century hand picking predominated. Later, im- proved rakes replaced the color- ful family groups together with their nightly entertainment. Today the "machine" has replaced "hand labor" in the operation of the bogs and many of the simple pleasures and intimate associa- tions accompanying the laborious tasks on the cranberry bogs are now only memories of the past." President of Nantucket Cranberries Inc., Robert D. Congdon, receives Ocean Spray Cooperative Mar- keting Agreement from DiVector of Advertising H. Drew Flegal. Certificate makes new manalgement of Nantucket Cranberries, Inc. Ocean Spray member. Five Nantiicketers Start On Voyage Of Cranberry Recovery Businessmen plan Venture to Restore "Big Bog", on that Island, Once World's Largest In Single Piece Five Nantucket businessmen have started on a voyage of ''recovery," not discovery in this whaling town of the same name — town, county and island. They are the new owners of Nantucket Cranberries Inc. which once op- erated the worlds largest cranberry property in a single unit, the so- called "Big Bog," once at about the turn of the century of approx- imately 200 acres. as plans had been made July 15th to make this an official "Cran- berry Day" celebration sponsored by National Cranberry Association as a part of the Island's 300th ob- servation. The rains and fog of July twice postponed the event. It was finally cancelled as "Cran- berry Day." There had been plans for air crop dusting, surrey rides and other events. The new owners of the pi'operty It was not an auspicious start are: Robert D. Congdon, who is president of the corporation and a '" real estate and insurance man of Nantucket; Albert L. Silva who operates two garages and sells Chryslers, Plymouths, and Volks- ■ wagons and Willys; Albert Egan,' Jr., who is president of the Marine" Lumber Company thus carries oh a building supply business and also a retail hardware supply business; Richard B. Corkish,- a contractor probably the largest on ■ the island. 'The manager of the^' property working part-time oh' 'the bog is Kenneth Coffin, Jr., 'who ' is the youngest of the group, and of a famous island name. " ' Thomas Larrabee is the only full time employee at the moment. Mr. Congdon said he had been Eleven interested in this restoration of about 90 acres for many years as an intriguing rroposition and finally gathered together a group of men who were also interested and financially able to go into such an enterprise. He hoped to bring the bog back in the next ten years and have another 50 to 80 producing acres. It is believed by the group that the bog can be made a paying proposition. The 1958 crop con- sisted of 2,540 ban-els. The group hopes to raise this to as high as 10,000. Although tftere was no "Cran- berry Day" H. Drew Flegal, ad- vertising director of NCA pre- sented the group with a certificate of Ocean Spray Cooperative Mar- keting agreement. Wisconsin State Growers Ass*n. Hears Reports President Jack Potter welcomed nearly one hundred members and guests of the Association, Satur- day Aug. 8 at the Potter & Son Cranberry Co., Cranmoor. Twelve years ago this month the first outdoor meeting of thte Assn., was held at this same marsh and since that time the meeting has been held in various cranberry growing areas of the state. Professor George Klingbeil, Secy-Treas. of the group, reported on the financial condition of the group and explained that added memberships and frost warnino- dues were solicited from those growers who had failed to pay. He said 105 growers had paid dues on about 3100 acres for frost warning. He said the group would have a booth again at the State Fair in Milwaukee late in August. He further reported that the various committees appointed by the President were working and he also reported on pending legis- lation. Dr. M. N. Dana, Dept. of Horti- culture, University of Wisconsin, reveiwed the experimental work he had been doing with systematic herbicides. He reported that pre- Twdve harvest clearance had not been granted for the use of amino tria- zole and cautioned growers using it during that period on produc- ing beds. He also reported simizan and maleic hydrazide had not been cleared for use on producing beds. He did give a recommendation for the use of 10-12 lbs. of actual amino after bloom for the control of small wiregrass and cotton grass. He further suggested that large gallonage per acre of water be used to thoroughly wet the crown of the grass. He suggested treat- ing additional weeds and grasses that stay green after harvest using the same rates and applying as soon after bloom as possible. James Georg, meterologist in charge of the Wisconsin Cran- berry Frost Warning Service re- ported on his work for the season. He said that overall it had been a good growing season as far as frost was concerned. He mention- ed nine frost warnings were issued in July, although few if any were verified. He reviewed the condi- tions leading up to the damaging frost which occurred the night of June 16th., stating his forecast was not low enough even aftar a revision. He remarked he was handicapped in forecasting for tie northeast area as there aro ^o'- weather stations in that area and no cranberry weather station to verify forecasts. He further reported that the net raidometers in operation in Cranmoor and at Madison were giving some accurate and bene- ficial readings. He felt coverage was being delivered well by the radio and TV stations and re- marked they were getting some new reports on weekends to effect more complete coverage on week- ends. Guests introduced at the meet- ing were Prof. Earl Wade, Dr. 0. B. Coombs, Dr. D. R. Boone all of the U. of Wis. and Everett Swingle, Farm Editor of the Mil- waukee Sentinel. Growers observed weed control experimental plots on the marsh and also saw a demonstration of cranberry equipment on the prem- ises. Growers were also able to inspect the deer farm and mink ranch on the property. A fine lunch was served at 1 P.M. by the Cranmoor Homemakers Club. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 PlankinR - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Japanese Experts Study Cranberries A group of six high-level agri- ■ultural experts from the Jap- inese government visited he Ocean Spray plant, Onset; the ^'ranberry Experiment Station, Cast Wareham; and made a tour )f Makepeace bogs in Carver July 11. The group made up an agricul- tural productivity team and had been making a three-month tour of the United States, (chief in- terests of the group were the land and water resources and irrigation in the country). The group was made up of icngineers, economists and scien- tists, members were Junichi Hayashi, leader; Shoichi lida, Jiro Kawakami, Hitoshi Kosugi, Kat- isunousuke Moroi and Setsuzo Kik- kawa, secretary. They arrived in three U. S. Army Engineering Corps Cars under the direction of Mavu"ice J. Langley, Irrigation Division Bureau of Reclamation, Washing- ton, D. C. In charge of the local trip was John M: Lund, New Eng- land Division, Corps of Engineers, Waltham. Dr. C. E. Cross, director of the Cranberry Station, and J. Richard Bea.ttie, accompanied the group on the tour through the plant, to the station and the bogs. Miss Betty Buchan, NCA director of publicity arranged the cranberry plant tour and Russell Makepeace of A. D. Makepeace Company took the unit to the bogs. Fresh From The Fields (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6) fertilizer applications. Growth stopped the latter part of the month and buds for next year were forming on some varieties. If August continues warm and dry berries can be expected to reach extremely large size which could be a very important factor in de- termining this years crop. Second-Brood Fireworm Second brood fireworm com- pleted work the third week of July, which was earlier than normal. Generally speaking infes- tations were light and scattered and losses were expected to be light. From all reports and obser- vations fruitworm appear to be the lighest in years. Few were caught in the blacklight traps and larvae were working in first and second 'berries at the end of the month. Second brood tipworm appeared more widespread than normal, mostly on the older, un-sanded marshes. Grasses, weeds and ferns were maturing earlier than nor- mal due to stimulated growth. Fall weeds such as asters, phlox, golden rod, etc., were in bloom at months end. Marsh work was mainly con- fined to clipping and ditch clean- ing, along with bulkhead replace- ments. WASHINGTON DRY The month of July has continued to be mild except for the last few days. There was one hot spell this year when it became necessary to start the sprinklers to prevent sun scald. July 30th the tempera- ture climbed to around 92° with the humidity dropping down to oEVf. On this date we had the sprinklers going from 10 a.m. to approximately 3 p.m. Except for this date, the highest temperature was 77° on July 18th. The mini- mum temperature here was 37° on July 28th. This month has been one of temperature extremes. The lowest humidity recorded was on July 30th. Our rainfall has been quite low and things are actually quite dry. Crop Good The cranberries, on a whole, look as good as could be expected considering the rather late bloom. They have gained size quite rapid- ly and if we get warm tempera- tures this next month we will have a good crop here in this state. Some of the berries are 2/3 grown, as of this date (July 31), while others are the size of match heads and are just starting to grow. These smaller ones may not size properly if we do not get warm temperatures during August. Fireworm lOur second brood of fire worm started hatching about July 15th to 20th and is completely out at this time; only one or two bogs have a serious fire worm infesta- tion. This insect pest seems to be fairly well under control. We have not yet found any larva of the fruit worm. They will appear a little bit later probably. The two fungi which are the main cause of the "twig blight" in this area started sporealating on about July 20th. These two fungi are Lophodermium oxyco- cci and L. hypophyllum. Most of the growers have applied or are applying a fungicide to control this disease. There are several small areas here where this di- sease was present this last year so control measures continue to be necessary. It seems to be rather easily controlled when we know the approximate time of sporiala- tion. Our cranberry disease work this year has been concentrated on finding controls and time of ap- plications of fungicides for field rot and storage rot of the cran- berries. READ CRANBERRIES FOR SALE A limited number of tons of BEN LEAR vines for 1960 planting. Their Characteristics are: Earliest Marketing commercial variety in the industry. Mature 1 week or 10 days before New Jersey and Massachusetts var- ieties— 2 weeks before Wise varieties. Have a distinct mellow flavor commented on by consumers. Four years on the "Twin City" fruit market and specifically sought by distributors familiar with them; also sought by dis- tributors who sent them on the market, but not connected with olrganized .cranberry .selling agencies. They extend the early fresh cranberry market. Extend the use of harvesting and packing facilities. For Further Information Contact TONY JONJAK HAYWARD, WISCONSIN Thirteen Largest Crop On Record Is Estimated News Released At Cape Cod Meeting Was a Day of Honor for Retiring Station Technical Assistant, Joe Kelley; Gilbert T. Beaton Elected President That the coming cranberry crop of this Fall may exceed all previous crops i^was the big news in the preliminary forecast given by C. D. Stevens of the N. E. Crop Re- porting Sei-vice at the annual meeting i .of the Caps Cod Cran- berry .Qrov^^ers' Association August 18 at. the Cranberry Experiment Station. Estimate is for 1,263,500 barrels. Largest previous crop was in 1953.wfi,th 1,203,000. Last year the U. S. total was 1,165,000, which was the secohd largest crop in record. More than 300 growers and guests at the East Wareham sta- tion heard this with mingled emo- tions in view of cranben-y sur- pluses still existing. This was a meeting well filled with interest, and one of the longest as the day's program was delayed by morning rain. Growers also elected officers and it was a day of trib- ute to Joseph L. Kelley, East Wareham, technical assistant of the station staff who is retiring after being at the station since 1913, a record which made him the senior member there in point of years of service. The Massachusetts' crop was estimated to be 610,000 barrels. Crop came after one of the most severe Winters in history, bring- ing conditions of winterkill and loss from oxygen deficiency caus- ing losses estimated at 50,000 barrels. Due to the rains, fogs and mists of this Summer, this has also been a bad insect year, particularly of blackheaded fire- worm which has taken a toll, and in fruitworm which will con- tinue to cause losses. There was no direct spring frost damage. Final historic figure for Massachu- setts 1958 crop is set down as 598,000 barrels with the 10-year average 555,500 barrels. Stevens said indication was for fruit of a good size with some growers reporting very large fruit. Percent of Early Blacks is 61; Late Howes 34; and others, five. He also said his reports were based upon returns from 218 growers based on 56 percent of production. He commented on the fact only about 40 percent of the crop is now being sold fresh; this being so last year and probably true this year. Wisconsin came up with a whop- ping 495,000 as compared to last year's 389,000, average, 243,000. New Jersey estimate 110,000, last year 89,500; average 86,300. Washington 94,500, last year 57,300, average 49,860. Oregon estimated 44,000, last year 32,300, average 22,790. Thus in all states there is an estimated excess. With a session scheduled to begin at 10 a.m., including guided bog tours, and an unusually-com- plete equipment exhibition, those present did little except seek shelter in the Station garage, under trees or in the Station base- ment where the first session of the meeting was opened at 11:40.' ! New Officers of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association are (left to right) Robert C. I Hammond, 2nd vice president; Philip H. Gibbs, first vice president; Mrs. Ruth A. Beaton, treasurer; j!; Ferris C. Waite, retiring president; Gilbert T. Beaton, president; Raymond H. Morse, secretary. (Cranberries Photo) Fourteen It had been hoped the rain might stop andx the meeting would be held in the open as is the custom. President Ferris C. Waite open- ed the meeting with a presenta- tion of a bouquet to Mrs. Henry J. Franklin, widow of Dr. Frank- lin, who in turn presented a cor- sage to Mrs. Joseph Kelley. Reports were heard, including that of the treasurer, Mrs. Rutn A. Beaton. The association now has 259 paid members, three sus- taining- members, eight staff mem- bers and one honorary member. J. Richard Beattie, reporting on frost warning, said that in spite of 198 subscribers and an income of §1,729 there had been a slight deficit due chiefly to the fact there is an important new observ- er located west of Worcester. Ralph Thacher of Marion re- ported for the vandalism commit- tee, saying loss from this source is important to some growers and less to others. He requested that any vandalism be reported to the vandalism committee at the Sta- tion which would report to the proper police officials. Louis Sherman, reporting for the nominating committee, sub- mitted the following slate which was elected. It is customary for each president to serve two years, a term Waite had completed. The slate: President, Gilbert T. Beaton, Wareham; first vice-president, Philip H. Gibbs, West Wareham; second vice-president; Robert C, Hammond, East Wareham; sec- retary Raymond H. Morse, West Wareham; Mrs. Beaton, remain- ing as treasurer. Directors: Ralph Thacher; Gibbs; Mr, and Mrs. Beaton; Hammond; Louis Sherman, Plymouth; Waite; Paul Morse, West Wareham; Anthony Briggs, Marion; Ken- neth D. Beaton, Wareham; Oscar L. Norton, Rochester; Alvin Reid, Hanson; Howard Hiller, Marion; F. Maynard Gifford, Cotuit; Fran- cis Kendrick, East Harwich. Hon- orary: Chester A. Vose, Marion; Dr. Herbert F. Bergman; J. Rich- ard Beattie. A chicken and cranberry bar- becue was served at noon with the second session beginning out in the open at 2 p.m. as the storm ended. It was at the conclusion of the barbecue that Joe Kelley was honored. As president, Waite presented Kelley with an album of letters which had been sent in by fellow growers and others. This was followed by the presentation of a large TV set by "Gibby" Beaton, a gift from the association. A thumbnail biography of Joe Kelley could be pretty accurate if it went something like this. He is one of the recognized authorities ,"(t"wr President Ferris Waite (left) presented bound album of testi- monial letters to Joe Kelley. (Cranberries Photo) on cranberry and blueberry culture, his reputation extending beyond the bounds of Massachusetts. He was a tireless worker until his illness of a few years ago slowed his pace down somewhat. Besides beginning his work at the Experiment Station only three years after it was founded, he is a cranberry and blueberry grower in his own right. He has probably visited almost every bog in Mass- achusetts from the Outer Cape to the innermost parts of Ply- mouth and Bristol counties. He has been called in for consultation on many of these bogs many times. He has been called to most of the few bogs in New England which are located out of Massachusetts. He has been to the bogs of Nova Scotia and is familiar with a good many properties in New Jersey. For years his was a 365-day a year job: cranberry pest emer- gencies, work on frost problems, oxygen deficiency and such things have no regard for Sundays or holidays. During the active season which starts from April and lasts until after harvest, he often re- ceived 10 to 15 calls a day. They came anywhere from 7 a.m. until any hour at night. Often a question asked of the Cranberry Station on some very specialized matter of av particular- ly practical or localized subject has brought the response, "You'd . : better ask, Joe." This has been- . told even to newsmen. Jne has always gotten around a . lot and knows the situation. • There was- always a deliberates^ carefully j phrazed and concise answer forth- . coming. .; .>.. Joe also had the reputation of being one of the better cranberry growers in his own right. He has produced crops on one of his proj)- ' erties that averaged more than 100 barrels to the acre. He has been a grower since about 1931. He got into the business with the . idea of sending the Kelley daugh- , ter, now Mrs. Jasper Balano ■of East Wareham, to college.. His cranberry growing did that, too. It is probably safe to say that Joe and his wife Mabelle were the first to pi'opagate cultivated blue- berries in Massachusetts. That » was in 1928. The Kelleys, parti(5" ularly in the days when blueberries were newer in. Massachusetts, were really the rallying point for the ■ young industry. Joe's title of "technical assistant" . meant to him exactly what it was; He once said, "It • is my job : to assist Dr. Franklin as "director, of the Station in every way in which Fifteen 1 am capable. And that is what I do." Naturally, he has done the same for Dr. Cross since the death of Franklin. As to his blueberry propagation, the Kelley cuttings of the plants have been sent to many states in the union, to Canada and to Eng- land. Joe was born in East Wareham Nov. 10, 1887, but spent his boy- hood in Plymouth and had his schooling there. His father, the late Joseph E. Kelley, brought the family back to Wareham m 1913. Then Joe began his preliminary cranberry work. The elder Mr. Kelley, who worked for many years as a street car conductor, later worked at the Cranberry Exper- iment Station. Joe's hobbies are hunting and fishing. He attends the East Ware- ham Methodist Church. Kelley's response to the pre- sentations was: "I want to thank the Cranberry Growers Association, the Station staff, and all who donated toward this gift. I certainly appreciate it. I appreciate the kind things you have said. I hope I am worthy of them. It reminds me of the time I gave a talk on radio in Boston several years ago. They said so many nice things that I began to wonder who they were introducing. "I have greatly appreciated the letters which I have received. "I have enjoyed working with the cranberry growers for over 40 years, during which time I have made many close friends. "I have always enjoyed my work at the State Bog from the time when Dr. Franklin and I were alone, until thte present time, when we have a large staff. They are, and always have been, a fine crew and work together as a team. I owe a great deal of my success to Dr. Franklin. I worked and studied under him for many years, and our years together were very happy ones. "Through the years, I have especially enjoyed the young men who wanted to learn the cranberry business through the Station, and, as far as I know, they have all been successful in their endeavors. "I am retiring from the Cran- berry Station, but I have a great many things planned to keep me busy, and will have a lot more time to look after my own cran- berry bogs and blueberries. In the meantime, I plan to do a little •hunting and fishing. "I hope to keep in contact with you growers through meetings and occasional visits with you. I will still be on duty through November. "Again, I thank you all." Final phase of the all-day session was led by Dr. Chester E. Cross, Sixteen Station director, who introduced each member of his staff who responded with a talk. Dr. Frederick Chandler told the growers there is a bulletin on new varieties, summing up a work be- ^un 19 years ago. Three named varieties have been developed which show much more productiv- ity than either Blacks or Howes. He urged growers to drain their bogs well and to apply moisture from above via sprinkler systems. Beattie spoke on marketing studies which had begun m 1954 and were continuing. H^ also told growers they should get higher barrelage per acre to compete with other areas, particularly Wiscon- sin and the West Coast. William E. Tomlinson, entomol- ogist, reminded the growers of the death of two Puerto Rican field workers at Taunton, who had failed to use masks while using the pesticide parathion and warned that caution was of vital impor- tance in the use of this chemical. He told of a new chemical, an organic phosphate, which showed great promise. John S. Norton, Station engineer, told of several new pieces of equip- ment he had developed; these in- cluding an all-purpose bog buggy, a ditch cleaner, a weed cnopper. He also spoke of his frost sprinkler studies. He made the statement that there could be a five degree variation in temperature in two thermometers, one placed two inches lower than the other. Irving I. Demoranville, who is in control of weed work, spoke chiefly of amino triazole, the new chemical which has been cleared for post-harvest work, but not yet for after-bloom, chemical has shown much promise to the indus- try. Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman, Station pathologist, who had an interest- ing display and greatly enlarged photos of nematodes said: "The survey of plant parasitic nematodes inhabiting cranberry soils has been completed. From this sui'vey we have been able to determine the types of nematodes present and their abundance. Fur- ther studies are currently under- way to gauge the damage done by these nematodes to the cranberry. We hope to discover what symp- toms, if any, are associated with nematode root feeding, and the effect of this feeding on yield. Nematode-killing chemicals have been tested to determine what dosages the cranben-ies will stand, and what dosages are needed to reduce nematode population in the soil. It will be some years before we know if these microscopic ani- mals are a serious economic pest of cranberries, but in view of sim- ilar work on other crops, our efforts in this direction appear to be justified." A change in meeting date was voted at the business session. Change, first in many years, was due to a change in the crop report- ing system. The 1960 meeting will be August 23. Krushchev Invite To Massachusetts Russian Premier Khrushchev has been indirectly invited to Massachusetts. Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager of the National Cranr berry Association, read a letter at the Hanson annual meeting to President Eisenhower inviting him to visit this region, citing the hazards of the Kittansett Golf Club, Marion as an inducement for himself. Letter said that while the President was playing goU', Ocean Spray would be pleased to take Khrushchev on a tour of the cranberry bogs. CROSSES VACATION IN NOVA SCOTIA Dr. Chester E. Cross, director, Massachusetts Experiment Station, Mrs. Cross and three sons, Peter, Christopher and Timothy left August 19th for a vacation in Nova Scotia. They drove to St. John's New Brunswick, took the ferry to Digby and then to Annap- olis Valley, where they rented a cottage. Plans were to visit the ocean side of the Province and for Dr. Cross also to visit several of the cranberry properties of ■ the island. Subscribe To Cranberries WANTED Western Pickers (Used) Contact Oscar Norton Rochester, Mass. Tel. Rockwell 3-5385 National Cranberry Association Now Is Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Stockholders so vote at Annual Meeting Without Objection — Most of Same Directors and Officers Re-elected — 550 Attend Harmonious Session M Members of the National Cran- berry Association meeting at Han- son Aug. 19, voted to change the corporate name to Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. This necessitat- ed a change in the by-laws and a two-thirds vote. Motion was made by Miss Ellen Stillman for the board of directors who had decided to put the change before the mem- bership. Reason for the change is that the brand name of the products is better known than that of the corporation; that because of this, definite benefits will accrue. Change will make the products and the corporation the same. However, the old name National will be retained. Some time will ensue in making the change com- plete in all details. Approximately 550 persons at- tended the all-day session which was marked by a harmony which has not been present in some sessions of the past. There was no real dissension of any kind. One other proposed change in the by-laws was lost. This was that common sitock should be issued only to producers of cranberries and not to producers of agricultural products as the by-law now reads. This did not pass with the needed two-thirds margin. There was some discussion on the matter, the chief objection being put forward by attorney Withington, speaking for United Cape Cod Cranberry Company, Inc., which is the largest stock- holder. Withington said the change might produce hardships in cer- tain cases. He said efforts should be made instead to make stock go up in market value from $10 or so to its book value of $25. "I'd rather see this effort made instead of the change in by-laws," he said. Attorney Robert Briggs of Ply- mouth also argued against the changes, saying the change actual- ly accomplished nothing. Russell Makepeace of Wareham took the opposite side and said that other attorneys had held opposite views and "the value of this co-op will be protected only so long as it is owned by growers." He added, "the stockholders should consider the question as cranberry growers and vote for what is best for us as cranberry growers. This is a cooperative of cranberry growers for cranberry growers." In the balloting for directors, the membership returned the same slate as last year with the excep- tion of two resignations: Alden C. Brett of Massachusetts and Leon- ard G. Morris of Washington. Vote was taken that there be 24 directors and the following were elected: Massachusetts: Walcott R. Ames, Osterville; Lawrence S. Cole, North Carver; Frank P. Cran- don, Acushnet; William E. Crowell, Dennis; Carroll D. Griffith, South Carver; Russell Makepeace, Ware- ham; George C. P. Olsson, Ply- mouth; Lawrence S. Pink, Middle- boro; Elmer E. Raymond Jr., Braintree; Alvin R. Reid, Hanson; Chester W. Robbins, Onset; Miss Ellen Stillman, Hanson; Marcus M. Urann, Duxbury. From Wash- ington: Norman I. Brateng, Long Beach; David E. Pryde, Grayland. From New Jersey: John E. Cutts, Vincentown; Thomas B. Darling- ton, New Lisbon; William S. Haines, Chatsworth. From Wiscon- sin: Tony Jonjak, Hayward; Rich- ard J. Lawless, Wisconsin Rapids; Bert Leasure, Manitowish Waters; Charles L. Lewis, Shell Lakej John M. Potter, Wisconsin Rapids. From Oregon: James Olson, Ban- don. Following the general meeting, directors met in executive session and elected officers for the 1959- 60 years. Re-elected were: pres- ident, George C. P. Olsson, Ply- mouth; vice-president, Charles L. Lewis, Shell Lake, Wisconsin; sec- retary, Russell Makepeace, Ware- ham; treasurer, Chester W. Rob- bins, Onset; Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager and executive vice president; John F. Harriott, assistant secretary and treasurer. In an open discussion period, Charles Savery of Cotuit moved that the president appoint a com- mittee of three to look into the feasibility of raising the interest of common stock from four to six percent. He said this might solve the stock problem better than the limitation of stock owner- ship to growers by making it more desirable. Attorney John M. Quarles said directors only could fix the dividend, but a committee could be formed. It was so voted and the committee is to report back at next annual meeting. There was a note of more than a little optimism as to the future of the cooperative and the in- dustry in the address by general manager and executive vice-presi- dent Ambrose E. Stevens and others. Stevens in his address, said. "As we meet here again, one year later and one year older it is against a background of one pool, the 1957 pool, having come in better than any of us, including your manager expected. It is pos- sivle we have turned a corner. It is possible that a long-term trend has been started in the right direction of consistent earn- ings for our patrons. I do not know this for sure. With you I can only hope that it is true, and work hard to make it so. Only time will tell.'' He pointed to the fact that a pattern of uniform price at all shipping points had been estab- lished. This was encouraging to the trade. He said last year fresh fruit sales volume of 235,000 bar- rels was the largest in the co-op's history. He recalled the average sales prrce for the season was more than $16. a barrel, and the net return on fresh berries was $10 a barrel. He said processed goods sales had been going up. He pointed to the improvement in the sales picture by the demand for cock- tail. He said a special sales de- partment had been established for the sales of "institutional" pro- ducts: that is to restaurants, hos- pitals and othens which could further improve the picture. Principal speaker of the day was Charles R. Brower who is president of Batten, Barton, Durs- tine and Osborn, Inc. of New York, fourth largest advertising agen- cy in the nation. He spoke on "Ad- vertising, What It Has Done and Is Doing for Farmers." He said, "People who are accustomed to the advertising roar will still no- tice an idea that is different." NCA last year spent about $5.00 a barrel on advertising. During the session it was brought out that NCA now hand- les 75 percent of the country's crop. It has 1194 marketing agree- ments plus five in Canada, a net gain of 29 over last year. Among the guests honored by special introduction was Joe L. Kelley of East Wareham, whose retirement as technical assistant for the Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station had been ob- served at the annual meeting of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation the day before. It takes big money today just to keep up with the times. Seventeen . ;: For the first time these Japanese members of a J aparisse goveitimenu agricultural production tean taste cranberry juice at the Onset plant of Ocean Sprav. The team toured the Massachusetts area. (CRAMBERRIES Photo JLM- 'll** Japanese Government study group uatch cans of sauce whirl by at Ocean Sprav Plant, Onset Miss Betty Buchan, director of Pubhcity at Right. (CRANBERRIES Photo' Eighteen iMnaariais ISSUE OF AUGUST 1959 Vol. 24 - No. 4 " " ■ ■ ■■ " " — — 11 ■■ p +._- SMALL CROPS NOT GOOD Some growers may have been a little inclined this year — and other years, too — to hope for a "small crop," on the well- founded fact scarcity creates demand and demand creates high prices. It doesn't look as if we were going to get a small crop this year, by any means, and we think this is for the best. Small crops do not help the industry. That is, as a whole. They may bring a little more income to the fellow who has a particularly fine crop, but they are tough, obviously, on those who have not. Nature provides no way of taking an equal proportion off each grower's pro- duction so that the loss of berries to pro- vide a small crop is shared evenly by all — at higher prices. The grower who has few berries is not happy even though prices, are up. It is not good for the industry to have a "poor" year, that is really "poor," and it does not look as if there would be such a season soon. Selling a big crop is admittedly a hard job. NCA, now control- ling about 80 percent of the crop, reports that in the second quarter of 1959 increase in products sales over the second quarter of '57 was 29 percent. The net result is to reduce the comparative excess of sur- plus. We trust the 1959 crop can be moved with a reasonable degree of success. . It is encouraging to Massachusetts and to the entire industry that there is to be restoration and improvement of 95 acres at the "Big Bog" at Nantucket. At the turn of the century, this was a vast under- taking, the building of this bog of more than 200 acres, and it was usually known as the "world's largest cranberry bog." Now five Nantucket businessmen are investing in its restoration. They must have faith in the future of cranberry grow- ing in Massachusetts, and at the same time they hope to aid in the economy of Nan- tucket, that historic and beautiful island 30 miles off the Cape Cod Mainland. We have recently talked with two or three CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR P. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blaeberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey younger growers, who are confident the Massachusetts cranberry industry is a good thing to be in. They foresee a future for themselves. Conidence and recovery in any part of the industry strengthens it a§ a whole. We think the stockholders of National Cranberry Association in changing the name to "Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc." have made a wise move. "Ocean Spray" is so universally known, why indeed should not the corporate name be the same? Nineteen RVING THE WISOONSIN GROWERS WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS WETTABLE POWDERS EMULSIONS Parathion — Malathion Ferbam — Dowpon Dithane Z - 78 Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. P.O. BOX 584 MADISON, WIS. Phone Alpine 7-1019 r:iiB':iiH'!!ai!l >F '^(maom::6'^>Qi^ i. Ill CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH !:fcii^>' Issue of September 1959 - Vol. 24 No. 5 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Miissaohusetts. Subscription $3.50 p»r year. iSntered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. HM TRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Started Cool Following the first slightly ■ooler than normal two weeks of i^ugust, heat set in, mostly humid and sticky. By the 21st there was a plus 51 and on the 20th the thermometer was 92 in the shelter and still hotter at other points. In spite of this berries were :oloring well and growing in size. August was on the verge of 31 eaking heat records for above 30 degree days — there having been 12, with two 95's in the shelter and hotter at other points — ^when on the 22nd there came an abrupt :'hange. There began autumn days in August, lasting a short period. Then summer temperatures re- turned with days of 90 plus again Broke Heat Records The month ended having broken records for heat since 1923 which was equalled in 1944. There were jleven days (Boston) in which the temperatures rose to 90 or better and at least that many in the cranberry area, or portions of it. A.11 the 90's came after the 11th. [t was mostly extremely sticky, lumid, uncomfortable weather with humidity indexes rising into the 80's with a high of 86 on the 15th. The month ended 88 plus, a practically 3 degi'ees a day above. normal. Scant Rain The month was scanty in rain the total being 2.35 with normal 3.60. This point would not have been achieved except for violent thunderstorms on the 29th and again on the 30th which brought a tot?il of 1,10 inches of rain. There v/as mostly light rain on 8 days with traces on two others. M E W J E R S E Y August - Hot, Humid August's weather in the cran- berry belt of Nevi^ Jersey was oppressively hot and humid. To- ward the end of the month temp- eratures near the hundred mark on bogs began to cause scald on m.any properties and it was feared that losses would be excessive on many bogs. There were 14 dayi in which the temperature went to above 90 degrees. Only once in the 30-year weather history, in 1943, were there more 90-degree days in Aug- ust. Rainy There were eleven rainy days with a total accumulation of 5.55 inches of rain. This is almost an inch above normal. Many grow- ers fear the combination of day- time showers and intermittent hot sun. This condition prevailed on many days in the latter half of August. Color of Early Blacks as of Sept. 1st leave a lot to be desired yet. Several cool nights are needed be- fore color will be satisfactory for harvesting. WISCONSIN August, Hot, Wet The month of August continued very warm and wet. Very hot, sunny and humid conditions pre- A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop 2 CARLOADS ALL HEART REDWOOD NOW IN TRANSIT Planking- - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Phones Rockwell 3-8811 — Middleboro 1275 fiv* vailed, especially the last ten days of the month. During that period temperatures averaged ten degrees above normal and heavy rains totalling as much as eight and one half inches fell during the heat wave. Monthly mean temperatures were almost four degrees above the normal of 63 degrees and pre- cipitation in most areas exceeded ten inches as compared to an average of slightly more than three and one half inches. The outlook for September is for slightly or about normal for both temperature and precipitation. Normals for the reporting stations are 55.5 degrees 3.75 inches of rain. There were only a couple of frost warnings issued, but no freezing tempei-atures were re- ported. The season continues as one of the most frost free in modern times. Some light hail fell on a few marshes in the south on Aug. 30th, but damage was slight. The stones were reported small, round and with heavy vine growth most of the berries were protected. Berries Large Berries continued to grow rapid- ly during the month. Cup counts made following the hail found Searles averaging between 95 and 100, McFarlins 100 and 110 and Natives 120 and 130. These counts are all well below the average for this time of the season and reflect the good size berries are expected to get this year. With heavy vine upright growth result- ing with fruit in deep, little color- ing was evidenced by the end of the month. Some fruit exposed to the light had started to sun blush, but there was little evidence of seeds starting to color. Coloring is expected to be late this year unless Sept. turns cold. Fine Bud For 1960 Buds for next year developed rapidly during August and for the most part were larger than nor- mal. Some vegetative buds develop- ed growth at months end, but fruit buds were showing signs of going dormant, as bud scales were turning red. Budding looks ex- tremely good for next year and bud counts will be made following Six harvest. This condition can be attributed to the good fertility of the vines and extra good upright growth. Considerable double and even triple budding has been ob- served. Fruitworm Losses Light At month's end fruitworm were finishing their work being in their seventh and eighth berry. The worms worked very rapidly due to the warm weather and were ex- pected to pupate well before har- vest. This is in direct contrast to last year, when they worked well into harvest. From observa- tions it appears that losses will be light. Early control gave excellent results. Harvest About Sept. 21 Even though the season is ten days to two weeks ahead of normal, most growers do not plan on start- ing harvest until September 21, in order to gain on size and to get better color. With the use of mechanical pickers most marshes are able to complete raking in two to three weeks. It is estimated that almost one hundred per cent of the crop will be mechanically har- vested and over ninety per cent mechanically dried. Most marshes win be pressed for storage facili- t-es r-nd storage crates are expect- i'l to be in short supply. The Cot:-?chalk Cranberry Company is experimenting with bulk storage Ihis year. May Over-Run The mid August crop estimate of '103,000 barrels for Wisconsin appears to the writer as too low. Last year Wis. produced 340,000 barrels on 4100 acres for about 83 barrels to the acre. This year 4200 acres are expected to be harvested and as all varieties set exception- ally wall and with excellent berry s'ze the average yield per acre is expected to exceed 100 barrels to the acre for the first time in the states history. Quality is only ex- rected to be fair to average due to the warm, wet growing season and heavy vine growth. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE To Select Miss Cranberry Highway Of 1960 "Miss Cranben:|y Highway of 1960" will be selected at special exercises the weekend of Saturday, September 19 (after this issue has gone to press) and the weekend of Saturday, September 26 at Cran- berry Harvest Festival, Edaville, South Cai-ver, Mass. On the days selected the con- testants will appear between the hours of 3 and 4:30 p.m. On the first appearance they will be in sports costumes and on the lat- ter date in costumes of their own selection. On the 26th they will display any special talents. On the 27th judges will make their decision. Girls must be between the ages of 16 and 20, inclusive and be summer or winter residents of Carver or, of the communities through which Cranberry Highway passes. The winner will succeed Miss Eleanor Stahura of Buzzards Bay who will assist in the exer- cise at Edaville. The crowning ceremony of the new queen is tentatively set for a Buzzards Bay ball New Years eve. ESTIMATE UNCHANGED There was no change in the current harvest estimate in U.S.D.A. releases of September 10 from that of the preliminary in August. It still stood at Massachu- setts, 610,000, New Jersey, 110,000, Wisconsin, 405,000, Oregon, 94,500 and Washington, 44,000 for a U. S. total of 1,263,500 barrels. "STAN" NORTON NAMED TO STEERING COMMITTEE John "Stan" Norton, engineering researcher at Massachusetts Cran- berry Experiment Station was re- cently appointed to the steering committee, power and machinery division of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. He also recently presented a paper on cranberry irrigation at the North Atlantic Section Meeting of the Society at the University of Mary- land, College Park, Md. *.3«.'«; Believes Shrinkage Of Acreage In Massachusetts Is About At Lowest "Tony" Briggs, Third Generation Grower, feels he is ■ortunate in being in both growing and selling ends of ndustry in Massachusetts. By Clarence Hall A young man of Massachusetts, "Tony" Briggs of Plymouth, [ikes the cranberry business and is in it to stay. He is a grower in his )wn right, and with others to the extent of approximately 147 acres. He is also associated with the important J. J. Beaton Cranberry Com- pany and the equally important Beaton's Distributing Agency, both )f Wareham. He is a third generation grower. "I feel I am very fortunate in being in both the growing and the selling end," he says. And, he believes that the present acreage in Massachusetts 13,200 (1956) is at about the lowest point it will shrink to. Average was 11,300 in 1900 and climbed to its highest point, 15,000 in 1948. In his opinion the marginal iroperty has gone out mostly, or s going out. "We will have to ■oncentrate on keeping the better )ogs up, improving them, as they lave to carry the poorer pieces intil these less productive but )ften potentially good bogs can )e improved." Incidentally, it is interesting in ;his topsy-turvey world that Sriggs studied Russian while in ;he U. S. Marine Corps and later najored in that subject at Har- v^ard. He is one of probably few cranberry growers who know the lussian language. Anthony was born April 16, .925 (by happenstance in New fork City) but was brought up in listoric Plymouth. He is the son if George R. and Caroline Briggs. kliss Rose Briggs, his aunt, is an .uthority on Plymouth and Pil- grim history. His father, George Jriggs is a well known grower in Vlassachusetts, and was formerly ^ery active in the affairs of the ate New England Cranberry Sales i^ompany, and of former Amer- can Cranberry Exchange, later i]atmor Cranberries, Inc. He ,)perates large holdings in Man- )met and Plymouth. He was form- !rly in the automobile business. His grandfather, George R. Sriggs, Sr., brother of Dean 3riggs of Harvard was the pioneer Briggs grower,building at Manomet ^0 - 100 acres in about 1880 - 1890. rhe family came to Plymouth from C^ambridge, where he had been teaching mathematics at Harvard. Tony attended Plymouth Junior High School, after that was grad- uated from Milton Academy in Milton. He then entered Harvard University, attending for his fresh- man year; then the war came along. He entered the U. S. Marine Air Corps, being assigned to duties in Texas among other locations. He was a pilot with the rating of 2nd lieutenant. He is now a cap- tain in the Marine Reserves. While in Texas, located at Corpus Christi Air Station he was offered study courses. Some select- REX ed to study German, French ot^ Russian. He choose Russian. The basic training he had rung up credits upon his return to Har- vard. By majoring in Russian he could also take, English, French and history in which he was much interested, also business economics. He would have been graduated with the class of 1947, but be- cause of war service he left Har- vard in 1949 with a B. A. degree. Then came the University of Massachusetts, studying entomol- ogy and farm management with an M. S. degree. Trained for bog work he entered bog management. Among his clients were the Pemberton and Carter Whitcomb properties at Santuit. In the spring of 1957 he be- came associated with the J. J. Beaton Cranberry Company as manager and superintendent. This includes the active bog manage- ment, as well as of the Beaton screenhouse at South Wareham, one of the largest in the industry, where approximately 125 are employed. On the bogs at peak of season in harvest time there are' about 250 engaged. He has the « ■■'I v>. CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKINI Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness .:l"'\ CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® syrups • BOSCO® chocolate floTorarf NIAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry andliquid starches • KASCO*4««< NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • AROO* corn and f I«m t»«r*w Seren "I. i^' supervision of 22 foremen. It is his job to keep production up, to look ahead and lay out plans: to see that things get done and get done at the right time. During frost nights he remains at the Beaton office and directs opera- tions from the reports of temper- atures that come in from the various holdings. In his vi'ork for Beaton's Dis- tributing Company, one of the larger independent agencies, he helps supervise the screening and packing for shipments. There are truck loads and car loadings to get out and route the best way to likely markets. He assists M. C. Beaton in the selling, mostly by telephone, but he has not been out "on the road" in selling yet. "There's a lot more to it than just making a few^ telephone calls," he says. "You have to know the markets, vi^here a lot can be sold, and where it cannot, you should know weather conditions the country over. Sell- ing and moving the fresh fruit crop is a hectic period." As to his own holdings or those in which he is in partnership they consi^ of three. The first he owns with his father, property known as the Briggs Cranberry Company. Another one is with Allen Russell as well as his father, and this is known as Russell Associates. Properties are on Thompson street in Middleboro and South Meadow road in Carver. These bogs are about 50 years old and are planted to Early Blacks and Howes. The bogs have gravity flow. The bog in Middleboro of 5 acres is rather an exceptional bearer, getting from 70 to 100 barrels per acre. The second property he was interested in was at Mashpee on the Cape. This is a typical Cape bog of 10 acres all set to Early Blacks. It was a part of the former Pemberton & Whitcomb bogs. There has been a weed prob- lem here, with average production being"- 35 to 40 barrels per acre. This is a dry bog with no frost prote'ction, but winter flowage. Sipce this article was written this bog has been sold to Raymond Morse and his son, Paul. Eight Biggest holding in which Briggs was interested was owned by him- self, Melville C. Beaton and Wil- liam Stearns of Forges Place, Plymouth. This consists of 104 acres. Seventy-four are in Carver on the Shoestring. This is the former Atwood Company prop- erty, with Paul Thompson operator. The other property is in Plympton on the Wenatuxet river. This has also just been sold to Eino Harju and Wilho Harju of Carver. Known as the B. B. S. Cranberry Company, Inc., a good deal of weed work has been done on them by the company, particularly on the Carver bog cutting down on grasses and rushes. Also a canal v/as dug last winter to improve drainage and there had been a lot of ditch cleaning. The Plympton property has for the past five years averaged more than 50 barrels per acre. "Bill" Stearns, who Tony considers one of the most able growers in the industry was the manager of these properties. Several years ago Stearns bought Southards Marsh, also on the shoestring and doubled l.rcduction there. His holdings in "^-".t-.TSo with others inc-uda the vvaterhouse bog in Plymouth. Tony and Mel, in a joint venture, own 22 acres under the name of Beaton & Briggs. * * (Tony does not say anything! about this himself, but he is credited with getting increasing production from the bogs he operates for Beaton and the others he is interested in as the proper- ties are being built up and well managed.) In growing cranberries, Tony says, "The importance of proper timing is invaluable. A lot of little details may seem unimpor- tant at the moment, but at the end of the season you will find they were very important — impor- tant in the results which you get, which is what we are all work- ing for — good results." He believes this is especially important in insect control — proper timing with the right materials and right amounts. He thinks that more of the crop is lost through insects than many growers real- ize. He re-emphasized (and prac- tices) the importance of, "keeping up to what seems like small de- tails, but which really aren't. "In the aggregate they all count up." He is a little saddened by the advantages in freight i-ates that effect Massachusetts and New Jeisey adversely in relation to Wisconsin. But he doesn't believe that Massachusetts is going out Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. AUTilUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New Englan(d Since 1859 of business because of this. "The bogs which are now in good shape", are supporting the mar- ginal ones. The good ones should be kept in good shape and in time I think some of the maiginal ones may be improved and brought back to bearing, if business con- ditions warrant it" he reiterated. "The die-hards are still in the cranberry business, and I think these will hang on and we have about reached the limit of shrink- age here in Massachusetts." He feels that, while the growing of large crops per acre is impor- tant in keeping unit costs down, but that this can reach a point diminishing returns. By this ho means, that too much money may be spent to gain top production, "It is the net return which is the real objective." He touched on the Cranberry Institute. "This should be an organ- ization solely and completely run by interested growers. Some grow- ers are too apathetic to their owr, interests. The Institute at present is too much controlled by the dis- tributing or marketing end. It is an unfortunate fact, that this lack of the sense of responsibility to the industry on the part of many growers does exist." Briggs would even propose a growers' union, that is, a getting together of growers themselves to ■help control their own destiny. Beaton's Distributing Agency is of course, one of the largest inde- pendents and has been so for many years. Naturally, Briggs believes in the existence of the independent. "A one-point view is developed in any business when everything gets into one hand," he asserts. "Healthy competition is valuable. People tend to get lackadaisical when things are going too well. The market must be kept on its toes." "Healthy competition in selling is good for the grower. A distrib- utor must have a keen sense of responsibility toward the grower. It is the grower who is the ultimate foundation of the cranberry bus- iness. "If supply and demand could be once gotten in balance, a point, which must be obvious, there would be no need for price cutting by any distributor." Tony, although a busy man has a lot of other interests. He is fond of sports, played football and hockey both in school and college. He likes tennis and swimming and is a member of the popular sport of skin diving with aqua-lung. He has gone for vacations in the winter to the Virgin Islands. He also goes skiing. Another diversion he likes when he finds time is refinishing old furniture and mak- ing new. He is on the Board of directors of the Jordon Hospital in Ply- mouth, Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association, and Beaton Distributing Agency. He is the father of two children, Russell and Barbara Briggs ages 7 and 8V2 respectively. He makes his home on Front St. in iVIarion. Ocean Spray Pays Tribute To Long Time Employes At the 29th Annual Meeting of Ocean Spray CranberHes, Inc., last month in Hanson, Massachu- setts, Ambrose E. Sxevons, Gen- eral Manager and Executive Vice President of the national cran- berry growers' cooperative, paid tribute to 21 employees who have served the organization well for 25 years or more. A large scroll, bearing the names, now adorns the Hanson plant. In commending the "faithful and loyal employees, dedicated to the success of this enterprise," Mr. Stevens stated, "They have devoted to Ocean Spray and to cranberry growers the best years cf theii lives." Lauded were: From Massachu- setts, Hanson processing plant and office - Mrs. Mary Atvrood, Plachine Operator, Hanson; Al- ton Belknap, Machine Operator, Bryantville; Lyman Douglas, Maintenance, Hanson; James A. MacLellan, Plant Manager Fresh, Hanson; H. Gordon Mann, Processed Sales Manager, Han- son; Mrs. Lucy Morse, Shipping Clerk, Hanson; Miss Sue Pitmari, Office Manager and Director of Personnel, Middleboro; Wareham plant and office - John Cecchi, Shipping Clerk, Sagamore; Dante L. Cremonini, Machine Operator, Sagamore; Mario Lince, Plant Manager, Sagamore; Ellis Morey, General Utility, West Wareham. From Bordentown, New Jersey, plant and office - Enoch F. Bills, Plant Manager, Bordentown; Os- wald Carter, Mechanic, New Egrypt* Miss Lavinia Hockenbury, Chief Clerk, Trenton; Harold King, Cook, New Egypt; Miss Mae King, Shipping Clerk, New Egypt; Miss Rose McDevitt, Labeler, New Egypt; and Daniel Tronco, Re- ceiver and Shipper, New Egypt. From North Chicago, Illinoise, plant and office - Lestei Haines, Fresh Cranberry Sales Manager, Hinsdale; Miss Edna McKillup, Chief Clerk, Chicago, and from Markham, Washington, plant and office, Mrs. Maud O'Brien, Chief Clerk, Grayland. FOREIGN VISITORS MASS. STATION Dr. Inge Groven, a horticulturist from the State Experiment Sta- tion, Hornum, Denmark, visited the Cranberry Station in East Wareham September 8. He was interested in blueberries and cran- berries and the possibility of their culture in Denmark. During the past year. Dr. Groven has been doing advanced study at Cornell University. Dr. Otto Bunemann, a horticul- turist from the Institute of Pom- ology, Hannover, Germany, was interested in cranberries, their nutrition and soils. Dr. Bunemann visited the Cranberry Station September 9 before sailing home September 12. He had been at Michigan State University for post doctorate study during the past year. FIRST MASS FROST (First Massachusetts frost oc- cured on nights of Sept. 16, when 27 was reached and on the 17th when 22 and many mid-twenties were reported. All flowable bogs were under and little if any ser- ious damage was expected. ^in* Manager Stevens' Annual Report (Editor's Note: As there was only a brief summary of the report of General Manag-er and Executive Vice President Ambrose E. ■Steven's annual report at meet- ing of Ocean Spi-ay Cranben-ies, Inc., in the last issue a more com- plete report follows. We believe •this report important and interest- ing to all growers. Ocean Spray now handles about 75 percent of the total crop.) We met here last year against a background of three successive pools closed at what was consid- ered at best, an unsatisfactory level. That meeting was marked by pronounced patience on your part to see what the business would do under new management. There was a feeling of . . . "Hold your fire" . . . "Give him a chance" . . . "We have suffered long, we can take it a little longer." Your courage and your forti- tude, your forbearance and char- acter have been helpful and en- couraging. They begin to show signs of paying off. As we meet here again, one year later and one year older, it is against a background of one pool, the 1957 pool, having come in better than any of us, including your Manager, expected. It is possible we have turned a coraer. It is possible that a long-term trend has been started in the right direction of consistent earnings for our patrons. I do not know this for sure. With you, I can only hope that it is true, and work hard to make it so. Only time will tell. First, we established a unifonn price at all shipping points. Second, we established a uniform price for all varieties, except Howes. Third, we had a consis- tent price throughout the season! These tactics permitted our buyers and dealers to make their pur- chases with confidence and en- abled them to devote more atten- tion to selling and merchandising. To help our customers to sell more Ocean Spray fresh cran- berries, we stepped up our sales promotion program, intensified our publicity campaign, and offered our buyers for the first time, a merchandising service contract to defray the cost of Ocean Spray mentions in their advertisements. The result was encouraging to us and to our trade. Our Fi-esh Fruit Sales volume of 235,000 barrels, equivalent to 2,800,000 cases of canned goods, was the largest in our history. Our average sales price for the season was over $16 per barrel, and our net return on fresh berries was over $10 per barrel. Merchandising plans for selling Fresh Fruit from the forthcoming harvest have been prepared. Ex- cept for the price, they have been announced. They have been well received by the trade. Much credit for the improve- ment just noted goes to Lester Haines, our fresh fruit sales Manager, and to Gilbert Beaton, assistant sales manager. The annual report for the fiscal year ending May 31, 1959, shows dollar sales for the 12-month period 121/2':; up over the year before. But most of us are more interested in total disposition of the 1958 pool. Processed goods sales have been moving foi'ward and making gains. Starting with the month of November, processed goods sales in each of 8 out of the last 9 months have been ahead of the previous year. Only the month of April fell a little behind the pre- vious year. We would get much pleasure from the fact, that in 5 of these last 9 months, we have had the biggest sales in our his- tory, except for the further fact that, as good as the record was, the relatively and traditionally low level for those months, as you know, does not have too great bearing on total pool disposition. The 1958 pool of 843,000 barrels, the largest in NCA, despite our successful Fresh Fruit Sales, pro- vided us with 1,000,000 more cases of processed to sell than the year before. Perhaps you wondered how we were going to sell them and how long it would take. May I assure you, that those of us at headquarters wondered and wor- ried too. Increases in the so-called off season whittled away month by month at the excess. As of the first of August, the excess over the previous year was down to more manageable proportions. On that date, we announced to our canned goods customers a carefully prepared early shipment plan. Essentially the progi-am pro- vides that, in consideration of the customer having his order in our hands by August 25th and accept- ing our shipping plan of % deliv- ery in August, V3 in September and % in October, we will ship him 8 cases billed as 7. What this amounts to is a temporary price reduction applying only to our No. 1 size of Ocean Spray Jellied and whole ben-y sauce. It should have the effect of provid- ing a consumer price of 2 cans for 39c immediately, in those markets accounting for about 60% of our canned sauce volume. Of course, we cannot actually close the pool until every barrel in it is shipped and billed. We anti- cipate a pool closing of about the same date as a year ago, and a cash return for the pool somewhat comparable to the 1957 pool. Last but not least of improve- ment in our sales picture, is Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail. Our New England advertising campaign starting last July, at the time of the introduction of the quart size has really paid off. Our New England business has more than doubled in the past 12 months, and continues to climb. We must also give due credit to the improvement in the formula and the addition of Vitamin C. While not as yet having the benefit of advertising support, cocktail outside of New England shows steady gains. Total cocktail sales for the fiscal year as indi- cated in the annual report show a gain of 36%. This is on top of a gain of 23% for the previous year. Thus cocktail sales over the last 2 years have improved close to 60%. To qualify these statements and put cocktail in its true perspec- tive however, it needs to be noted that cocktail sales account for only 45,000 barrels out of a pool of 843,000 barrels, merely a 5% contribution to a total pool dispo- sition. Starting last October, we re- leased our new advertising theme "Eat Ocean Spray Every Day - The Natural Mate for Every Meat." This selling message was carried in women's magazines throughout the year, and on tele- vision spots in 20 selected cities last Fall and this Spring. We are impelled to believe that this new selling message for Ocean Spray has had a great deal to do with increasing, in some degree, more frequent consumer use of our products, thereby bringing about our increased sales. Something did it beside the wit and charm of our brokers and our salesmen. Supporting our advertising is a steady flow of material sent from our Cranberry Kitchen by Mrs. Janet Taylor and her Assistant, Miss Jean Griffin, to newspaper and magazine Food Editors, to radio and television stations, as well as to Home Economics Teach- ers across the land. Much of this material is used, and is just as valuable in stimulating usage of Ocean Spray as our paid adver- tisements. In addition, from Miss ' Betty Buchan's office emanates a i continuous flow of publicity and j sales helps. i Supporting our sales, besides ' our advertising, we have put a steady stream of sales promotions into effect since our annual meet- ing last year. At that time, we had just released our Early Ship- ment Flan for 1958. This was immediately followed by our "Buy 2 Sale." Right after the holidays, we introduced our handsome and useful "How to Save Money on Meat" book, which was well re- ceived, and is still pulling approx- imately 1,000 requests per week! In March, we offered our trade a special Easter sales promotion. This was immediately followed in early Spring by our barbecue knife sales promotion. On top of that, in June we organized and released our "Clickin' With Chick- en" sales promotion that has proven most effective in an other- wise dull sales season, i Ocean Spray distribution in grocery stores remains at a high :level, comparable with Campbell Soup and Jell-O. It is still true, at this meeting as it was last year, that what we need most is for more people to use Ocean Spray products more often. To accomp- 'lish this, unrelenting drive and push are a must. "Keeping ever- |lastingly at it" is the watchword )f our advertising, sales and sales oromotion. In America, statistics show that -3% of food is consumed away 'rom home premises. We do ibout 3% of our Ocean Spray 3auce business in hotels, restau- rants, schools, hospitals, called Institutions in trade terminology. A^'e are doing 3% when we should lo 20%. And when you are served ranberry sauce in a restaurant, vhat do you usually get? A paper thimble-full you can eat in one bite. To take advantage of what seems like a great sales oppor- tunity, and to fill a long-felt need, we have organized an Institutional Sales Department. As noted in the annual report, our processing plants handled a larger volume than ever before, packing 135,000,000 cans and bottles in the fiscal year. Economy and quality maintenance charac- terize our production. Despite the fact that the past fiscal year was one of generally rising prices, we actually pur- chased most of our supplies at figures lower than the year before. This may be attributed to improve- ment in our purchasing methods. Most of our supplies are now bought on a sealed bid basis. In addition, we have implemented our policy of purchasing the same item from at least two suppliers. As stated in the annual report, our cost of manufactured goods including supplies was 49% of sales in 1958. In 1959, it was 44%^. This improvement of 5% translates into a saving of 54c per barrel, a fine accomplishment for which our operating department deserves much credit. Working hand-in-hand with Pro- duction and Marketing, our Re- search and technical development department has been involved in a great multiplicity of things. Top priority has been assigned this department for two important projects . . . 1. The development of a method for making better whole sauce. 2. The development of a method of making cocktail to permit us to use berries from all areas, and to reduce the cost of pro- cessing. In the areas of Finance and Accounting, progress has been steady, if not spectacular. It is seldom spectacular in the average run of corporate enterprises. Our insurance program has been re- viewed by a firm of outside com- petent authorities and found to be adequate and economical in the main. The Springfield Bank has de- clared its willingness to again give us an unsecured line of credit of $6,000,000 for working capital for the coming season. About this time last year, we started borrow- ing seasonal money from the Bank. Our seasonal loans reached a peak of $3,500,000 in mid-Nov- ember. On December 16th, we re- paid the Bank in full. Our term loan at the Spring- field Bank, once over $4,000,000 is down to 8709,000. It is expected that we will discharge half this amount from retains from the 1958 pool, and make final settle- ment at the close of the 1959 pool. Figures from our Accounting De- partment are now current, accurate and reliable. Our system of con- trols, including budgetary control and inventory costs and controls, furnish Management routinely with unassailable facts pertinent and necessary to important decision- making. Our organization is working well together in a spirit of team plan. Much of the progress we have made is due to this, and to the managers of the respective de- partments . . . For Finance - Assistant Treasurer Jack Har- riott; For Accounting - Controller Ed Gaughan; For Operations - Ken Garside; For Research and Technical Development - Bill Hampton; For Marketing - Larry Proesch; For Advertising and Public Relations - Drew Flegal; For Personnel - Miss Sue Pitman. During the past year, our Board of Directors has played an integral part in our progress. Their understanding of our problems and their support of your manager has been exceedingly helpful. They have been untiring in their efforts to direct the affairs of this business into better channels, and to better returns for our patrons. As a wholly-owned farmers' co-operative. Ocean Spray seems to be proving a good home for an increasing number of cranberry growers. Ocean Spray handled from the 1958 harvest, as we know, 75% of all cranberries grown. As has been said before, the only excuse for the existence of a growers' cooperative, and the staff who manage it, consistent with the discharge of the coopera- tive's responsibility to the public, is to maks as much money as possible for its patrons. Your manager and his staff are dedi- cated to you and to this purpose. Our progress to date, if not spec- tacular, has been steady. With your help, we have only one goal . . . the production of consistent earnings for you, year after year at a satisfactory level. WILL PURCHASE 100 Shares National Cranberry Association Stock Write M. S. DUARTE Vineyard Haven, Mass. and mark envelope personal l?I?yfP 1^. Norman I. Brateng, Ocean Spray Director Averages Better Than 150 Barrels To Acre "What's your hobby?" was the question asked Norman I. Brateng, Long Beach, Washington, new Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. director at the end of a brief interview. His reply was, "I guess it is just growing cranben-ies. This takes up all my time. I do like to take an interest in photography, also." Mr. Brateng made his first visit to the Massachusetts cran- berry area last month, attending not only the annual meeting of Ocean Spray, but that of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Associ- ation. Born in Western Minnesota, 7w.elv9 Brateng was raised and attended schools in Washington. Before entering cranberries he was in the contracting business. He has had an interest in cranben-ies for about nine years but did not be- come a full-time grower until 1954 at which time he bought his father's bog at Long Beach. The bog consisted of six acres, planted to the McFarlin variety. To this he has added two acres and plans more. He has a sprink- ler system to control frost and for irrigation. He uses the water reel method of harvesting. "I have been fortunate," he says, modestly," in receiving a yield in excess of 150 barrels per acre." He served in the U.S. Navy during World War H, in the far western Pacific and took part in the invasion of Okinowa and saw action off Japan. He was gunners mate, 3rd class. Forty years of age he is married, his wife's name being Mary and the couple has two sons, Carl, 17, and Eric, 21/2. He says he is "not a joiner", his affiliations being few. He is secretary of the Long Beach Lions club and president of the Ilwaco (Washington) Parents-Teachers' Association. He is also a member of the Long Beach Cranberry Club. He succeeds Leonard G. Morris of Long Beach, who resigned his directorship when he sold his cranberry property. New Jersey Summer Meeting The ninetieth summer meeting of the American Cranberry Grow- ers' Association, the nation's oldest cranberry organization, was held at Clayton's Cabin, Cedar Bridge, August 25. President Hobart Gard- ner presided. Highlight of the program was the presentation of a cash gift to Charles A. Doehlert, the retiring Secretary of the group. In recog- nition of his 32 years of service to the cranberry industry in the capacity of editor, research horti- culturist and secretary-treasurer of this Association for 15 years, Mr. Doehlert was also presented with a resolution of appreciation for his devoted work in behalf of the growers. Statistics E. R. Nordberg, Agricultural Statistician of the U.S.D.A., gave the summer estimate for the nation and the various states. New Jersey's estimate was given at 110,000 barrels, 29% above the 10-year average and only 2% less than the record crop of 1953. An interesting statistic reported by Nordberg was the fact that of the growers in N. J. producing 1,000 or less barrels, twice as much acreage as last year was reported, while those growing over 1,000 barrels reported about the same acreage. Mr. Nordberg also pointed out that in nine of the past ten years the August estimate has been low, so that N. J. may still have a record crop. Water Project George Moorhead, N. J. Dept. of Conservation and Development, spoke on the Lebanon Forest Water Project. This is a cooperative pro- ject enlisting scientists from Rut- gers University, the Geodetic Sur- vey and the Forest Service, in which studies are being conducted to determine ecological changes and the effect on ground water resources of various agricultural practices. This is a long term project of vital concern to cran- berry growers and concrete results have not yet been obtained. Carl B. Cranmer, N. J. Dept. of Conservation and Development, described prescribed burning as an effective tool in controlling the pine dominance of South Jersey forests and in making effective barriers in prevention of spread of forest fires to cranberry bogs. In recent years large fires, which consumed thousands of acres of forest and jumped highways and streams, were effectively stopped when they reached areas which had received prescribed burning treatments for several years. Tipworm Philip E. Marucci, entomologist at the N. J. Cranberry and Blue- berry Research Laboratory, empha- sized the importance of tipworm control in New Jersey cranberry production. Late held and sanded bogs, previously thought to be relatively immune to tipworm attack, w^"e being severely damaged by this insect in 1959 with destruction of upright tips running as high as 82%. Data was presented to show that the Sparganothis fruitworm is becom- ing increasingly more diffilcult to control with DDT alone, while parathion plus DDT continued to be effective. ■Richard Marston, Soil Conser- vation Service, described the type of services technicians of this agency could perform for the cran- berry grower. These include de- termination of water sources, and helping to plan in construction of reservoirs, ditches, dams, sluices, leveling and erosian control. Earl Propst described types of soil conservation work eligible for payments and procedures involved. Fred Watts discussed the role of the N. J. State Dept. of Labor in assisting cranberry growers at harvest time. Application for sea- sonal labor needs must be made 30 days in advance of the need. Qualified available local labor must be used before recruitment outside the area is undertaken. The large apple crop in N. J. may cause a competition for agricul- tural labor this fall. New Water Bill Joseph Palmer, reporting for the Water Policy Committee, urged growers to continue their repre- sentations to legislators regarding their opposition to the rationing- provision of the proposed new water bill. The change in phil- osophy of water use in New Jersey from the "Prior Use" to the "Equitable Apportionment" con- cept could have a very grave con- sequence to the cranberry indus- try in this State. John Cutts strongly supported Palmer's views and urged growers to exercise their democratic prerogative by letting their Senators and Repre- sentatives know how they feel. He also spoke against a proposed bill which purports to license all well drillers, making it illegal for growers to drive their own wells. Tax Situation Edward Lipman, speaking for the Tax Committee, stated that the 100% tax assessment of all N. J. property which has been ordered by a recent decision of the N. J. Supreme Court can be highly detrimental to the cranberry industry. Tax cost under this sys- tem may rise to as high as $2 a barrel unless a more realistic out- look is adopted in the new tax bill in consideration. William S. Haines proposed a motion that a State Bog Commit- tee be formed for the purpose of petitioning the Experiment Sta- tion to build a State bog in the Wharton Tract in the heart of the N. J. cranberry area. This motion was unanimously carried. Philip Manacci was elected as secretary of the Association to succeed the retiring Doehlert, who will continue as treasurer. Institution Sales Campaign Launched By Ocean Spray Ocean Spray will launch a broadened Institutional sales pro- gram this fall to be headed by William G. Hutchinson, formerly with the Cling Peach Advisory Board, according to an announce- ment from Ambrose E. Stevens, Ocean Spray's general manager and executive vice president. Mr. Stevens stated that Ocean Spray has long been aware of the importance of the volume feeding- business in the United States and plans for the broadening of Ocean Spray's service to the hotel and restaurant trade will begin im- mediately under Mr. Hutchinson's direction. First step will be the development of a new series of quality cranberry recipes and sell- ing aids for the trade. Mr. Hutchinson has been with the Cling Peach Advisory Board in San Francisco for the past ten years, the last four years as In- stitutional merchandising mana- ger. His experience includes the developing and execution of adver- tising and promotional programs, public relations and organizational work with restaurant and allied associations. Previously, he was with Derby Foods, Inc., in Chicago, first as a retail salesman and laAer as wholesale salesman, and for sever- al years he conducted his own food brokerage business in Philadel- phia. He attended the University of Pennsylvania and served with the U. S. Navy during World War II. He is a member of the Industry Relations Committee of Institu- tional Food Manufacturers' Asso- ciation. In his new position as sales manager, institutional, at Ocean Spray headquarters in Hanson, Massachusetts, he will work di- rectly with Larry E. Proesch, Marketing Director. He and Mrs. Hutchinson will make their home in Duxbury, Massachusetts. MASS. STATE TO ERECT CRANBERRY HIGHWAY SIGNS Official Massachusets State signs to mark the new Cranberry Highway between Middleboro and Orleans, a distance of 63 miles, are being made and will be erected for the guidance of those who use this highway to Cape Cod. "This welcome news has come to us from the State Public Works Department," said Robert S. Fug- ere, president of the Cranberry Highway Association. He also added that many members of the association now have private signs set up on their business properties. People are always willing to get together — the hitch comes when they try to work together. It's a waste of time to explain your actions — people prefer to draw their own conclusions. Thirteen Washington Station Report 1959 (Editor's Note: the following is a summary of the work carried on at the Cranberry-Blueberry Ex- periment Station at Long Beach, and also Grayland area. It is signed by Dr. Charles C. Doughty, station director and Dr. Folke Johnson and Dr. Maksis Eglitis of the Western Washington Ex- periment Station.) II FERTILIZER TREATMENTS During the 1958 season, a nutri- culture experiment on cranberries was started in the greenhouse. Two gallon stone jars were filled with pea gravel and cranberries were planted in the gravel. Nu- trient solutions were formulated and pumped up through the gravel to provide nutrients for the cran- berries. Complete solutions con- taining all necessary nutrients, nitrogen, phosphate, potasih, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, sul- fur, copper, calcium, and molyb- denum were used in part of the jars, while solutions which were lacking one or more of these elements were used in others. The only delmite symptoms which were produced were what appeared to be from drought con- ditions. Pea gravel appears to be too coarse for the fine roots which cranberries have. Some zinc and iron symptoms appeared but were not definite enough. This experi- ment will have to be repeated during the 1959 and 1960 seasons and a finer grade of gravel or coarse sand will be used. The field plots on nitrogen and phosphate-potash tests show about the same results for 1957 and 1958 as previously reported for 1956. In the nitrogen trials, which consisted of four types of nitrogen fertilizers -nitrate of soda, am- monium sulphate, ammonium ni- trate, and urea - the 1957 data showed no difference in total yield between ammonium sulphate ammonium nitrate and urea. All three produced considerably high- er yields than sodium nitrate. In 1958 the data indicates a differ- ence in total yield between all Fourteen four fertilizers. Ammonium sul- fate was highest, then urea, am- monium nitrate, and nitrate of soda followed in that order. All plots wei-e fertilized at tihe rate of 20 lbs. or actual nitrogen per acre. Four times of application - 20 lbs. fall, 10 lbs. fall plus 10 lbs. spring, 20 lbs. spring, and 10 lbs. spring plus 10 lbs. after bloom were used. In 1957 the spring application of ammonium sulfate was the highest, with urea in the fall or in the spring a close second, and a split appliration of urea in the spring plus urea after bloom., third. The 1958 data is somewhat limited because of the severe frost on (May 12, 1958. However, there is some indication that the split applisation of urea at 10 lbs. ac- tual nitrogen after bloom was the highest yield. This data indicates that urea could be used whenever the vines appear to need it. Ammonium sul- fate (20-0-0) is best used in the spring before growth starts. Am- monium phosphate (16-20-0) or 11-48-0) could be used with ef- fectiveness equal to ammonium sulphate. Phosphate and potash appear to have had in 1958, from an appli- cation of 20-160-0, a significant increase over the control appli- cation of 20-0-0. In 1957, a small increase was obtained from an ap- plication of 20-80-200, however, it was not large enouglh to pay for the expense of applying the fertilizer. Similar phosphate-pot- ash trials were applied in field plots in Grayland with very ilittle response while trials in North Beach produced very good results. This indicates that the re- sponse to phosphate or potash would depend on tihe condition of the bog itself. Several points to be considered in fertilizer applications are as follows: 1. Good drainage and irrigation are essential for the best re- sponse from fertilizer. 2. Off-color foliage similar to nitrogen deficiency may be caused by insect and disease in- jury- 3. Apply dry fertilizer on dry vines only. 4. Urea and liquid fertilize: may be applied with reguli spray mixtures. The Massachusetts Experimer Station states that under the conditions, they obtain the be; quality fruit from a fertilizer wit a 1-2-1 ntrogren-phosphate-potas ratio. Where vine gi'owth is dt sired they use a 1-1-1 ratio fe: tilizer. One thing to keep in mir is that on heavy vines that ai nually make a vigorous growl less nitrogen fertilizer needs be applied. Ill GROWTH REGULATORUS In the series of tests concludi in 1957, fourteen different chem cals were tested for their abilit to increase yield on cranberrie Of this group NAA (naphthalene acetic acid), 2,4,5-TP (2,4,f trichlorophenoxypropionic acid NO A (naphthoxyacetic acid), Dui a s e t ( N-meta-tolylphthalami acid), and IPC (0-isdpropyI phenyl carbonate) produced sligli increases in fruit set. CLPu (para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid] when applied at the close of th blossoming season in 1955, cause an increase in the number of bios soms set per square foot henc an increase in yield in 1956. N effect was found in 1957 whe similar tests were made. Fall ap plications of 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, an 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceti acid) were made in 1958 at ver; low concentrations 2.5 to 10 part per million. Further tests of sev eral of these chemicals will b made in 1959 to determine thei effect on increasing the numibe of blossoms per square foot. IV BREEDING CRANBERRIK AND BLUEBERRIES A variety block of cranberrie was established in 1957. In thi block are planted approximate!; 65 varieties and seedlings. Thir teen seedlings developed b; this experiment station are in eluded. Named varieties are Wil cox, Stevens, Beckwith, Voe'j Pride, Searls, Howes, Holeiston and a Wisconsin strain of Mc Farlin. The remainder are seed lings from Massachusetts anf New Jersey. The following var (Continued On Page 16) ♦ t ♦i«— mnmmmn m ill i iiw {#UUin* ials ISSUE OF SEPTEMBER 1959 Vol. 24 - No. 5 ^^^lWHALCR«8a«r«fl6^ ■■■■■^n^iMn^^ ■ 1*1 ■ nil— Mii«^^no^^»nn^ ■■ on— 'IB I ■ ^nn^^unaa •W^— SB— f « ^— •••I- WE BELIEVE THE CROP WILL SELL Once again the battle of the harvest and of the selling of the crop is on. There appears no doubt but that the crop will be a big one even though harvest is not much more than beginning as we write this. The season has been late in most areas with intense heat and humidity delaying ripening in the East and also in Wisconsin. It is noteworthy in that state that several who are usually accurate in their estimates, now figure there will be an over-run of the preliminary fore- cast of 405,000 barrels. Noteworthy also is the estimate that the crop will be about 90 percent mechanically dried and approx- imately 100 percent mechanically picked. But even more important that, for the first time, the state average may be more than 100 barrels to the acre. Last year it was about 83. As an industry it would seem we have learned to grow cranberries, and there is the ever-increasing problem of how to sell so many cranberries. There is certainly good news in the announce- ment of Ambrose E. Stevens, on August 31 that there were sufficient orders to sell out the entire Ocean Spray 1958 crop. Today the newly-named Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. controls about 75 per- cent of total production. It was most encouraging that there was a spirit of more than mild optimism as to the future of the industry at the annual meeting at Hanson. We, of course, have no part in the selling of cranberries and it is easy to say — but we believe even this big crop can be moved at prices which will give growers a net again this year. We base this a good deal, plus Ocean Spray's aggressive selling campaign on such a large percentage of the crop, (and equal aggression on the part of Independ- ents) on the fact there was orderly market- ing of the crop last year. For the first time in several years buyers felt more sure of themselves. This left a good taste CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin \ Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Dr. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts ^.. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey in the mouth of the trade. We believe this good will will carry-over into this year's dealing. There seems to be always something new coming up to contend with. New Jersey growers, as reported in the story of the summer meeting of American Cran- berry Growers' Association is faced with a real threat to the industry. The new 100 percent taxation plan in that state and the fact growers may have to pay for use of water could work additional hard- ships on the growers. It is fortunate that several have taken these matters to heart and are voluntarilly representing the growers in fighting these proposed in- creases in cost in doing business. Fifteen i--: . n -i-^:/^'-: VING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS WASHINGTON REPORT N {Continued From Page 14) ieties ihave been planted for trial on other bogs in Washington and Oregon: Wilcox, Stevens, Mass. 28 and 17, and W.S.C. No.s 108, 93, 72, 118 and 96. Small plots of cranberries will be planted in the greenhouse for further develop- and breeding of new varieties. Cuttia^s from 265 seedlings MR. GROWER Our Job is working for you. Merchandising and Marketing Wisconsin Grown Cranberries Fresh or Frozen G/MMuiufitliftwrtfc... '*' CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH . : . iM'trtr 5:'^^s^>^^ X/mwiJnaiL FROZEN FRESH WHOLE CRANBERRIES INDIAN TRAIL INC. P. O. Box 710 Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. I'lom a cross of the high bush bluberry and a wild deciduos mountain blueberry were rooted and set in nursery plots foir fur- ther trials. Cross pollinations were made with seventeen blueberry varieties and a wild evergreen blueberry from Colombia, South Ame'fica, (Vaccinium meji'^dion- elle). Several characteristics val- uable to commercial blueberry growing are a part of the Colom- bian 'blueberry's growth habit, i.e., eveness of ripening, holding to the bush till all are ripe, and bear- ing in bunches. V CRANBERRY DISEASE CONTROL This phase of the cranberry work was conducted in coopera- tion with Drs. Folke Jo'hnson and Maksis Eglitis of the Western Washington Experiment Station. In 1957, the fungicide test plots were maintained on the Bernhardt bog, the Experiment Station bog, and the Siljander bog to deter- mine the effectiveness of several -fungicides in controlling twig blight. Eight chemicals were used. Wettable sulfur, captan, maneb and ferbam provided good control. Test plots on Siljander's bog with wettable sulfur as the fungicide, received different numbers of sprays. The three sprays were ap- SPRINKLER SYSTEMS PUMPS HIGH CAPCITY WELLS ROBERTS IRRIGATION SERVICE STEVENS POINT WISCONSIN plied on July 22, August 5, and August 22. Plot No. 1 received only the 1st spi'ay, plot No. 2 only the 2nd, and plot No. 3 only the 3rd spray, plot No. 4 the 1st and 2nd sprays, plot No. 5 the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sprays, plot No. 6 the 1st and 3rd sprays, plot No. 7 the 2nd and 3rd sprays and plot No. 8 was left unsprayed. Yields from these plots indicate that two spray applications (2nd and 3rd) are as good as all three in controlling twig blight. In 1957, fungicide test plots were established on the Experiment Sta- tion bog to determine if any of the fungicides suppressed yield. V/ettable sulfur, fermate, Zineb, and phaltan suppressed yield while maneb and captan increased yield. This is contrary to results obtained in 1956 from twig blight control plots where fermate plots had the highest yield. However, the main reason for higher yield in 1956 was the control of the twig blight and not the increas''ci^ or suppressing effect of the fun- gicides as in 1957. No difference in yield could be detected between the treaments in 1958, mainly be- cause of the freeze on May 12, 1958. After harvest four, one-pound healthy fruit samples were taken from each plot from Bernhardt's bog and stored for three months at each plot from Bernhardt's bog and stored for three months at room temperature. After this per iod the berries were sorted into healthy (eatable), and diseased or soft. In storage under favorable conditions for fruit decay, the fruit from the sprayed plots keep much better than the unsprayed ones. Maneb, fei-bam, and captan had a long residual (effect in reducing the growth of decay organisms. These materials were applied June 4, July 12, Au- gust 5 and August 25. This data indicates that fruit rot can be greatly reduced by proper appli- cation of fungicide sprays. Sixteen imnm THE wisaoNsiN growers FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1960 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto tooth [)ickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too ^«i K-.J- vM^-iAii Vfrv.^tv ^/** •T^ *t. <**^ ft^ -t^^ A ^^ ;^ y OUR PRODUCTS Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Produets, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN I i i i THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA Hf^ittitL*** KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker 8ros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine ..A^^ ^^ \ >v V •toi- "^Ar.8 '^\~,.:.,(( «> :. o(>^ i«e ,d *^"'. J)C'"* ^ f«!!'5;<':;f<>' \ \ \ / OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES, INC VING A $20,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY \i'^VA-^4i6<:^jo^ K # '^) (MMQ^RRY MAGAZfNe S \PE COD lEW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA JUDY KEENE, "Miss Cranberry Hig^hway of 1960" poses amid fresh-harvested berries. (Cranberry Highway Photo) 35 Cents OCTOBER 1959 :",■>>•<"*.' DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWltRS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. The CHARLES W. HARRIS! Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PACKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boss and Pumps Means Satisfactiea WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES DIRJPCTORY FOR CRANBERRYrGRQW Statement required by the Act of August 24, 1912, as amended by the acts of March 3, 1933, and July 2, 1946 (Title 39, United States Code, Section 233) showing the ownership, management, and circulation of CRANBERRIP:S. The National ('ran- berry Magazine iiublishcd monthly at Wareham. Massaohiiself s for (liinbi'i. I95<1. 1. The names and addresses oi ili,. publisher, editor, manaitinu- editor, and business managers are: Publisher — Clarence .1 Hall. Ware- ham. Mass. P>litor — Clarenie .1. Hall. Wareham. Mass. Manasrine' editor — Clarence J. Hall, Wareham. Mass. Bu';' ness manager — Clare'nrr .T TTnll. Wn.-. ham. Mass. 2. The owner is: Clarence .T. Hall, Warph8»n Ma = > '^. The known bondholders, mortg'i- gees, and other security hoide'rs owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: None. CLARENCE .T. HAI.L. Sworn to and siibscribe'd before me this I 7th day of .'September, 1950, (Seal) (My commission expires April 5. .1963) RARTLETT E. CUSHING. Notarv Piiblii Western Pickers Parts and Repairs AR-ent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Ma^ss. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW GROWING HERE This wa.s the second year that visitoi's from all over the United States, at the rate of 750 a day, have been conducted on tours of the National Cranberry Associa- tion's Ocean Spray processin.o- plant in Wareham, Mass., on the Cranberry Highway (Routes 2S and (i ) and have seen how the 20 million pounds of cranberries which are not packa.eed for the f)'esh marjket find their way intr. 4H million cans as sauce, .ielly and the fine juice drink they en II cranberry cocktail. This may be a dumb observation but we often have wondered, travelling up and MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance CornoratioTi ELECTRICITY Is your good "friend" any month in the year. It is an especially valuable aid in October, when the dayh'crht hours are shortening and you are busy with your .screening and shipping. Plymouth County Electric Co WAREHAM CYpress 5-0200 PLYMOUTH Pilgrim 6-1300 down that same Cranberry High- way why a big, attractive sign that can be read in an instant is not placed on one of those cran- berry bogs along the route, read- ing, simply, "Cranberries Growing Here." Tens of thousands of motorists pass by in the summer and among them are many thou- sands who don't know a cranberry bog from a hayfield. Just to reg- ister with these tourists that they have seen cranberries growing might be a smart piece of publicity, worth many times the cost of the sign. (Food Marketing in New England). SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE JUMBO CRANBERRY SALES Let Us Handle Your Cranberries. We try Our Best. call Carver 6-4448 or Write Eric H. Huikari Middleboro Mass. CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-8330 North Carver, Mam. One POST -HARVEST USE OF AMINO IS HALTED Dated September 18 a letter was sent to grower mf2mbers by Ocea:i Kpray Ci-anberries, Inc., asserting that from that date on they should not use amino triazoie in any manner, at any time. This was followed by a flash card from Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- ment, Station prepared by Dr. C. E. Cross. It read: "Some question has arisen t'hat small residues of amino triazoie may occur on cranberries after treatment with amino triazoie in the approved, after harvest appli- cation. For this reason, and while accurate tests are being made to prove or disprove the pi-esence of amino triazoie under these con- ditions, fche Cranberry Experiment Station urges all growers to re- frain from further use of this material until the necessary tests have been made. The Station will notify the growers promptly of the results and will at that time make further recommendations." \Notices in other areas went out urging no use of this hormone- type spray as the Pure Food and Dvu^ Administration had estab- lished zero tolerence. A great many growers had planned ex- tensive post-harvest use of tihis weed killer as such had been clear- ed by Pure Food and Drug Ad- ministration. The Washington State notice to growers stated that about the only time it is safe to use amino triazoie on cranberry bogs is on new plantings, up to two years before the first harvest. Again under date of October 15th the Mass. Cranberry Station put out a second flash card, re- ferring to the first, saying, "Since then, a great deal of work has been done, but much more still needs doing. The situation is not clear, and for tJhis reason the Cranberry Experiment Station strongly urges growers to re- frain from any further use of amino triazoie until the situation is fully understood. "As possible alternative treat- ments refer to the weed chart, Stoddard Solvent is effective as spot treatments in the fall on asters, rushes, wool grass, panic sene is helpful after late water grass and povei-ty grass. Kero- cut grass in the spring. C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING acliinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Smai) For FurtSier information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Two IViass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist L;itciv Harvest Rapid After a late start due to lack 3f color, the Massachusetts cran- berry harvest swung into high 2:ear about mid-September and has progressed at a rapid rate to date (October 20). In fact, it has been an excellent harvest season with a minimum of delays caused by rain OT killing frost. This was most fortunate because water supplies have been critically low all fall and it wasn't until about mid- October that many growers haJ their unprotected bogs harvested. Eleven general warnings were released from the Cranberry Ex- periment Station as of October 20, compared to 12 during the same period in 1958, 17 in 1957, and IS in 1956, These figures include both the afternoon and evening warnings. Prosts The lowest temperatures exper- ienced this fall occurred on Octo- oer 18 and 19 when temperatures dropped to the middle teens in the colder locations. The frost damage at this time is estimated to be bstween 9,000-10,000 barrels. Unfortunately, damage occurred on Sunday night, October 18, when no warning was released from our station because there was every indication that gale winds would continue all that night, but these winds "dropped out" in some areas. Disturbed Wo were greatly disturbed to say the least, but this situation points to a weakness in our frost warning service which depends so heavily on wind and cloud infor- mation from Boston. Possibly a daily radio weather report during 5 the frost season, which would in- clude minimum bog temperatures plus wind and cloud information, would help remedy the situation if proper arrangements could be made. Growers who subscribe to the frost warning service, sponsored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, were asked for their views on this point in a questionnaire that they filled out last spring. Only about a third of the growers felt that a daily radio forecast of this type could serve as a suitable alternative to the present system. Further study will be given to this matter. The major topic of conversation this fall whenever growers meet or visit our station centers around amino triazole. Considerable con- fusion has arisen as to why we were unable to recommend its this fall. Two flash cards have been prepared at our station and mailed to growers through the county agents offices, urging them not to use amino triazoie until the situation could be clari- fied. The writer believes that a statement from Dr. C. E. ; Cross would be most helpful in bringing the growers up to date on recent developments. His statement is as follows: Amino Statement "The after-harvest registration for amino triazole was granted last year by the U.S.D.A. only after three years of experimental work, in which analyses showed no residue remained in the loilow- ing crop. This year, following the first fall in which amino tria- zole was widely used commercially, many analyses were made to make sure that no residue contaminated the berries to be shipped to mar- ket. Using a modern and delicate analytical method, some very small residues were apparently found. Larger residues were also found on berries that were treated during the growing season of 1959 — pre-bloom use of amino triazole was easily detected since it show- ed a residue of a large fraction of one part per million. But be- cause of the tiny amount found in use as a post-harvest treatment SHAWMUT GLASS CONTAINERS, Inc. REPRESENTING KNOX GLASS, Inc. 29 STILLINCS STREET BOSTON, MASS. Three some analyses of berries that had been treated only in the approved manner, it was thought best to warn growers against using amino triazole ihis fall. With one excep- tion, analytical work done by the American Cyanamid Company and the University of Massachusetts this fall shows that berries from bogs that were treated only in the approved manner last fall carry no residue. Many analyses remain to be done, but we hope to have the whole situation clari- fied before another year." Market Report The first cranberry market re- port for fresh fruit was released September 29 from the Agricul- tural Marketing News Service in Boston, under the direction of John O'Neil. Growers will note that there has been a major change in its format. In fact, it has been completely revised in hope of making the report more under- standable and useful to both growers and shippers. We under- stand from Mr. O'Neil that our Massachusetts shippers are co- operating very nicely by supply- ing the necessary information on weekly movements, prices, and conditions of the Massachusetts crop. If growers who are now receiving this information wish to continue to do so, they should notify Mr. O'Neil as suggested in his third report dated October 13. Anyone else interested in this re- port may receive it by writing to the Agricultural Marketing News Service, 408 Atlantic Avenue, Room 703, Boston, Mass., request- ing that their name be added to the cranberry mailing list. Lawrence Dana of Wisconsin visited our station in mid-October p I WILL PURCHASE ^ 100 Shares National Cranberry Association Stock Write M. S. DUARTE Vineyard Haven, Mass. and mark envelope personal ■ to observe and assist with soni'i picking machine experiments, using the Dana machine under both dry and flooded conditions. Dr. Chand- ler and Professor Norton worked with him on these studies. Profes- sor Norton has built a water reel machine from plans secured from Oregon and has experimented on the State Bog with this type ; j water picking. He has also coj ducted some studies on vario- picking speeds and their effect < bruising of the berries. Some i: teresting information will available at a later date on tl results of these studies. i R, F, MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE FOR SALE CANADIAN CRANBERRY BOG 40 ACRES OF EXCELLENT CRANBERRY BOG ON FAMOUS LULU ISLAND IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA. 25 acres in production. 5 acres planted this year. 10 acres ready for planting. Additional acreage also available. This bog is only 10 miles from downtown Vancouver and 4 miles from processing plant. Write for details to : Northern Peat Moss Co., Ltd. 245 No. 8 Road, R. R. No. 2 Richmond, B. C, Canada Four Issue of October 1959 - Vol. 24 No. 6 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham. M:issachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. i,ntered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8. Il7i RESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C J. H. MASSACHUSETTS Sept. Dry, Hot September ended as one of the I'riest on record, there having >een only .86 of an inch of rain ■s compared to a normal of 3.65. 'here were only two rains of any ■eal consequence and none heavy, 'he month was also warmer than ormal. Continues Into October This warmth and dryness con- inued into October, true "Indian feummer" came in Sept. 16 follow- ng a couple of nights of relative- y light frosts, these possibly tak- ng a total of 1,000 barrels, as esti- nated at Cranberry Station, or )ractically no loss to the crop as whole. Ideal Picking Weather With a week or ten days late n starting harvest, this long dry ipell provided ideal weather for larvest, except that it was often ;oo hot. Ripening, due to the heat md lack of rain had been very slow to end of first week in Dctober. Berries were turning out to b? )f medium size rather than arger than usual as had been Ibxpected at start of season. This, too, was attributed to the hot, dry iveather. There was much fruit of ?ood color, however. There were some growers who had low cup counts and this included Barn- stable County. There was consid- srable scald, resulting from the leat of August and September. Rain Oct. 6-7-8-9 This ideal picking weather was broken October 6, with rain and a sudden turning to more season- able weather. Up to that date temperatures for October had been a plus of 30 or approximately 5 degrees a day warmer than normal. That storm lasting to the 9th brought a total of 1.07 inches, bringing the total for the month of October up to 1.79 inches as there had been a light fall Oct. 1 due to the tail-end lash of Hurri- cane Gracie. Reservoirs were at an extreme- ly low level as were all ponds. Growers were much concerned as to how they could put on the after-harvest flood, and many of those who had finished harvest by that date could not. Crop Falling off? Crop was between 66 and 75 percent harvested by end of first week in October. By that time general opinion was that it would fall off from the preliminary and the September estimate of 610,000 barrels. MEW JERSEY September Average Temperature Extremely warm and extremely cool weather have cancelled each other out to make the average temperature for September equal to about normal for this month, which is 67.5°F. The first 11 days of the month were abnormally warm, with temperatures above 85°F. on 9 days and with a record high of 93 °F. being set for Sep- tember 9. Then there was an unusually cool spell from the 11th A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop 2 CARLOADS ALL HEART REDWOOD NOW IN TRANSIT Planking- - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Phones Rockwell 3-8811 — Middleboro 1275 Fivp to the 21st, with record lows of 39° and 34° on the 17th and 18th. During this period there were frosts on cranberry bogs on four nights, with temperatures record- ed in the low twenties. Then true to the fluctuating pattern of New Jersey weather, the last ten days of the month was generally above normal in temperature. Driest Month of Year The driest period of the year occurred in September. There were 24 consecutive days without appreciable rain, from the 5th to the 28th. Total rainfall through September 29 was 2.32 inches as compared to the norm of 3.62 inches for this month. Little Frost Damage There was little serious frost damage into October to cranberries reported and harvest was proceed- ing quite well with the swing to mechanical harvesters, especially the Darlington picker, being even more in evidence this year. WASHINGTON September Wet The month of September was cool and, wet. Up to the 25th there had been 6.83 inches of rainfall as compared to 2.87 in 1958. There were only six days without some rain from a trace to an inch or more. Maximum temperatures was 77 on the second and third. There was a low bog temperature of 36 on the 32, and the monthly mini- mum humidity (to 25th) was 53 percent. Harvest 'By ;first of October growers were ready to start and were har- vesting. There had been no har- vesting in Long Beach area until approximately that time. Fireworm Injury Charles C. Doughty, superin- tendent of the Long Beach Cran- berry-BluebeiTy lab found that a few bogs had serious firewonn in- jury, but it will not reduce the crop to any serious extent. Har- vest started on the Experimental Bog, the end of September and first of October. Cool Growing Season The entire growing season this Six year was on the cool side. Because of this there was a long blooming period. Berries which set early had a very nice color and size as the harvest began, but those set later are rather smaller. The amount of these small berries varies considerably from one bog to another, some having quite a lot, others a small amount. WISCONSIN Heavy Rains September was slightly above normal in temperature and well above normal in precipitation in the cranberry grovdng areas. The first half of the month was warm and humid, with scattered light showers. The middle brought kill- ing frosts, with the coldest being in the north. Moderate rain fell during this period over the entire state with the north receiving the heaviest amounts. The latter part of the month brought temperatures above nor- mal, along with cloudy weather and prolonged shower activity. Very heavy rainfall amounts fell on the 25th and 26th. Some northern areas reported 5 to 6 inches during this storm period. Lake levels in this area which had been dropping since 1956 were brought back to normal. Ground water levels were also expected to raise, as a result of recharging the sub soil. Highest tempera- tures were in the nineties the week of Sept. 7th and coldest were in the low twenties in the middle of the week of Sept. 14th. The out- look for October is below normal temperatures and normal precipita- tion. Normals for the month are 48.3 degiees, 2.12 inches of pre- cipitation. Too Much Water In contrast to last year at this time water supplies were more than adequate and growers in the west central area were having trouble getting rid of water the latter part of September. Several marshes were reported to have lost main reservoir dams as a result of the heavy rains. Rain and runoff flooded a number of marshes, but berries were re- ported under water only a day or two. About two thirds of the marshes started harvesting the week of the 21st and the balance were under way the week of the 28th. (Continued on Page 16) DEV liEA CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKINa Retains full natural flavor without overwhelming sweetness @? CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the consumer: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® syrups • BOSCO® chocolate flavored synip NIAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry and liquid starches • KASCO® dog f—4 NUSOFT® fabric softener rinse • ARGO* corn and gloss starches T. E. Stearns of Grayland, Washington operates the new Furford picker. (Photo Seattle Times) The Furford Picker Of I Grayland, Wash. I To find a faster, easier way to orune is what Julius Furford of I jrayland was seeking, when in U95O, he began working on a prun- ing machine. As he progressed he thought "Why not build a machine ;hat will pick as well as prune?" The result is that he built a suc- cessful jnachine that will do both. Last season he built his fourth machine. The picker - 25 inches in width - rests on two 12 inch tires and a 7 inch aluminum vine roller. A small 3 hp gas engine propels and operates it. A feature of the machine is an automatic clutch that is thrown in by the throttle. There are fourteen teeth flat on the bottom to allow for picking close to the ground. The teeth, which are curved upwards at the end, lift the runners, bringing them back to fom-teen knives set at a 45 degree angle to the teeth. The knives cut the vines on both up and down motion. A feed bar over the knives helps bring the runners back to contact the knives. Berries and the cut runners are elevated by rubber lugs on a conveyor belt to a sack on the rear of the machine. The Furford picker does a good job of picking in average vines. It does not tear up the vines and when the bog is picked it is also Seven Left, showing ieeu .^.a and cutter. Right, vines on the r.ear side have c ...i pruned by the macnuie. pruned. Furford says that the machine will pick between half an acre and an acre of berries a day depend- ing on conditions. Two of the machines are now being used by Canadian companies. Furford says he has been re- quested to supply several others but is not ready to produce the machine on a quantity basis al- though he expects to in the future. Patents are now pending in the United States and Canada. keeper states, "Our clients are waiting impatiently because the hunting season has begun ami game is abundant.'' The Belgians. the inference is, hiui that cran- berry sause enhanses the flavui u\ vild birds anc) hares. READ CRANBERRIES CRANBERRIES SET SAIL FOR FOREIGN PORTS Reminiscent of the days when barrels of cranberries took leave of Massachusetts shores on Clip- per Ships to travel the woi-ld, cranberries were again being pre- pared for a sea voyage, the last week of September, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. announced. Al that time 60,000 pounds, fresh from Cape Cod vines were being placed aboard steamers in New York Harbor, bound for England, Ireland, Belgium and Saudi Ara- bia. Ocean Spray reported they were assured of an enthusiastic wel- come, as American cranberries are considered a treat abroad by many gourmets, and they do not have the fruit as a native berry. A letter received by the Co- operative from a Belguim store- Eight OPPOSITE PAGE Showing the "Alice Piincesses,' visiting the new 8,000 foot addi- tion to plant of Oanberry Pro- ducts, Inc., at Eagle River, Wis- consin, Vernon (Joldsworthy. presi- dent of the Company points to the structure in process of build- ing, while Prof. Kenneth VVeckel, developer of a process used there looks on. Since photo was taken addition has been completed and in opera- tion this fall, doubling capacity „{' Cranberry Products. Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. MiTHUR K. POPE HORACE H. SOULE CONVERSE HILL CHARLES M. CUTLER 1 WILLIAM B. PLUMER EBEN A. THACHER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN HERBERT R. LANE EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL. JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Jfine Massachusetts Picks "Miss Cranberry Highway of I960'* — Also Princess Contests at Edaville Annual Harvest Festival, Judy Ann Keene, is Winner of Title, while Jo Johnson is First Princess — Estimated 5,000 attend. Miss Judith Ann Keene, 19, of Onset, daughter of Master Ser- geant LeRoy T. and Mrs. Keene who live in the Point Independence section was unanimously chosen 1960 "Miss Massachusetts Cran- berry Highway." She was selected from a panel of five finalists, including girls who came from Middleboro at the beginning of the Highway to Hai-wich not far from its end at Orleans. Miss Eleanor Stahura, 18, of Buzzards Bay will continue her "reign" through the balance of 1959. Judy is expected to receive her crown at a ball at Buzzards Bay on New Years Eve. Selection was made at annual Cranberry Harvest at Edaville, co- sponsored by that unique cran- berry and railroad spot and the Cranberry Highway Association, which includes members from all the 63-mile stretch of routes 28, 6 and 3-A the "old" njain road to Cape Cod. Selection was made on Sunday, September 27 after the girls had made four appearances before the judges. Girls were judged on their looks, plus their talents in some accomplishment such as singing or dancing, also poise. Miss Keene is a graduate of Wareham High School, class of 1958. The Keene family home is in Seattle, Washington, where Judy was born. She has attended school in the Evergreen State, Oregon, California, Bavaria and First Cranberry Germany. She made her talent ffighlVay PrinCCSS appearance wearing a Bavarian _ "v^i Alps costume and singing in both 'S iy nOSen English and German. Judy is employed as a cosmeti- cian at a Wareham dinig store. With prize money from the con- test she plans to enter IBM school at nearby New Bedford for train- ing as a business secretary. Presiding at the contest was Hal Peterson, a New Bedford radio announcer. An estimated 5,000 saw the contests. Judges were State Representative Alton H. Worrall of Wareham, President Robert S. Fugere of Cranberry Highway Association, Carroll S. Miller, Wareham CPA, and Ru- pert Wunschel, publicity, Edaville. Judy is a blond. At the Festival there were the now-famous narrow-guage rides through the five miles of cran- berry bog and the chicken and cranberry barbeques. Chosen also for the first time was a Cranberry Highway princess Miss Jo Johnson, 7, of Buzzards Bay. New also was a "Prince of Pizza" with ten contestants taking part in an eating contest at a Ware- ham pizza drive-in where square dancing was featured. Square- dancing was also a feature at Eda- ville and a big bonfire staged by the Carver fire department. Winner of the title "Prince of Pizza" was Charles Maxim, 30, ^f Wareham, a town employee. An Edaville song was introduced, this being played by Mrs. Peg Shaw of Hanson. An exhibit put on by Cranberry Experiment Station drew much interest. This included specimens of varieties, of weeds, of insects, with a slide viewer of cranberry scenes and also a model bog, with reservoir, pumphouse and uplands. Lively and blond Miss Jo John- son, 7, of Alderberry road Buz- zards Bay Massachusetts is the first "Cranberry Highway Prin- cess." Selected at Cranberry Har- vest Festival at Edaville Septem- ber 19th she will be "princess" for the rest of this year and for all of 1960 show. She is the daughter of Mr, and Mrs. Edgar Johnson, her father being employed at the Buzzards Bay post office. This is not Jo's first honor. After birth at Tobey Hospital, Wareham, when a month old, she was selected as the prettiest baby among the 68 who were there at the time. BANDON FESTIVAL Cranberry Festival of Bandon, Oregon, September 25, 26, 27 has been characterized as most suc- cessful. For 13 years this city of 1,750 population has put on a pre-harvest event. Brown-haired Miss Jane Chap- pell was chosen queen, being spon- sored by the American Legion and Auxiliary. She is a native cf Bandon and the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Chappell. She was crowned by Miss Linda Sutherland, queen of 1958. She was presented with the Key to the City by Mayor C. W. Waldrop. There were various events, square dancing, parade, and a iCranben-y Fair, musi|cales and speaking. Also a football game in the Cranberry Bowl, Teu SURVEY OF THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY OF CANADA By B. Chandler Canadian research workers have written a number of bulletins on cranberry culture. In 1916, Davis published a 30-pag'e bulletin with 20 pictures. In 1923 and 1938, his bulletin was revised and published in French as well as in English. The English bulletin was revised and published in 1948 with Eaton, Harrison, Maxwell and Pickett as the authors, and again revised in 1957. The last revision of the French publication by the above authors was in 1949. Cranberries Magazine had had at least nine articles on the industry in Canada. From this literature, we learn that the culture of cranberries started in Canada about 1870, but many of the acres have been built since 1935. The cranberry industry is fifth or sixth in monitary value in Nova Scotia in the fruit enter- prises (apple, blueberries, straw- berries, ijears and cranberries or plums). The latitude of Nova Scotia is about the same as that of Wiscon- sin and its climate is about the same as that of Massachusetts. Nova Scotia has two canning fac- tories processing cranberries. In 1956, when the author was on a sabbatical leave from the University of Massachusetts, he made surveys of the cranberry industry in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Upon return to Massachusetts, he obtained a list of cranberry growers in Canada and their acreage from E. L. Eaton, Senior Horticulturist, Canada Dept. of Agriculture, Kentville, N. S. In 1955, Canada had 46 cranberry growers who had 331% bearing acres. In British Columbia, nearly all of the acreage was on Lulu Island where the first bog was set in 1932. The remain- ing' bogs were set in 1947 or later, and some British Columbia grow- ers planned considerable expansion after 1956. The largest acreage in any Province in 1955 was in Nova 'Scotia which had 220 acres, 80 percent of this in King County, The earliest setting of the present bogs in Nova Scotia was in 1892. Based on the acreag-e in 1950, Nova Scotia increased only 12.5 r.cres in the five years 1950 to 1955. In 1955, the Province of Quebec had 51 acres, Ontario 21% acres, and New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island only 7-% acres. British Columbia had 23% acres and had plans for future building. Nova Scotia has the most grow- ers of the Canadian Provinces — 29, British Columbia has the next — 10, and the remainder of the 46 growers are distributed in four provinces. In general, the size of cranberry holdings in Canada is small, over 50 percent of the growers have 5 acres or less. In 1955, only three growers, or six percent, had 20 acres or more. Six growers, or 13 percent of the growers, had nearly half of the acreage in bogs. These were the larger bogs in 1955, having in each holding 10 or more acres (see table). The variety of cranberries grown is definitely related to the grow- . ing region in Canada. In 1955, on the Atlantic Coast, Early Blacks were in 14-% acres of producing bogs, while on the Pacific Coast there were only five acres. Natives were set in over ten times as many acres as Early Blacks in the Pro- vince of Nova Scotia. McFarlins are only used on the West Coast, while Howes have been used in nearly all sections and Searles have been set in the west (see j table). This distribution of var- ieties is similar to that in the United States. Many new varieties- are being tested in British Colum- bia where the growers are trying ■ to get a high yielding variety; which may be harvested earlier than McFarlin, the leading variety there. Canadian research workers have selected and named two varieties of cranberries, Beaver^ River and Cumberland Point." Cranberry Acreage in Canada by Provinces and Varieties, 1955 Acres of Cranberries by Varieties Province No. Growers Earlv Black Natives McFarlin Howes Searles Other Total Nova Scotia 29 14 1921/4 0 81/2 0 13 227%- New Brunswick & Prince Edward Is. 3 % 6 0 1 0 0 7% Quebec 2 21 0 0 20 10 0 51 Ontario 2 0 % 0 0 21 0 21 1/2 British Columbia 10 5 0 18 1/2 0 0 231/2 ' Total 46 40% 198% 18 30 31 13 331 ^'2 Number of Cranberry Growers in Canada by Provinces and by Size of Bearing Adreage, 1955 Province* Size of New Bruns- Quebec Bearing Nova wick and and British Acreage Scotia Prince Ed. Is. Ontario Columbia Total 0-1.0 1 1 1 6 9 1.1-2.0 6 1 7 7 3 2 2.1-3.0 4 1 2 3.1-4.0 2 1 4.1-5.0 2 5.1-10.0 10 1 1 12 3 3 10.0-20.0 2 ' 1 20.1-50.0 2 1 Total 29 3 4 10 46 There are some wild bogs which are harvested quite regularly and receive some care; these are not included in this table. Eleven Beaver River is early and this has been used in crosses with Early Blacks, which has proAiced a promising early selection now being propagated for further test. Later, another chapter will be published to bring the Canadian survey up to date. Some informa- tion has already been received. Nation's Crop Up — Shipments Ahead of 1958 As this issue goes to press Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. re- ports sale of fresh fruit is 28 per- cent ahead of last years corres- ponding dates and demand contin- ues strong. Color and quality, the co-op notes in a notice to the trade is excellent from all areas. Other distributors report good slhipmenf^^ and there is no break in the price. Early Blanks continue at $4.00 a quarter from Massachusetts and New Jersey; Wisconsins were opened by Ocean Spray at the same figure and also fresh fruit from Oregon and Washington. All $4.00 a case. The deal was slow in late Sep- tember and early October. Wea- Dher was hot over much of the country and fruit was slow in tak- ing on color. October report of U. S. D. A. agricultural statistics places the Massachusetts crop as down from preliminary estimate of 610,000 barrels to 595,000, but for the nation up from 1,263,500 to 1,- 273,000 or 10,000 ban-els more. New Jersey remains the same at 110,000, Wisconsin is up to 440,000 as against 405,000 original, giving that state a state average of slight iy more tJhan 100 barrels per acre, highest production yet achieved in any area; Washington down 10,000 from the original 94,600 to 84,000 and Oregon remains the same at 44,000. Subscribe To Cranberries 280 Barrels On Single Acre of Washington Bog A recoi'd or near-recora iwi' ,ranbc:ry production was achieved t'.is fall at Long Beach Penin- s;!a, Washington. Ruuttili Broth- ers of Ilwaco from a single acre harvested 280 barrels, or 14 tons. Don Tilden, also of Ilwaco wound up picking on his one-acre bog a yield of 212 barrels. Other Peninsu/la growers are reporting good or excellent crops. Quality is reported as exceptional- ly good and while some berries are small many others are large, to give the area a bumper produc- tion. J ITE MASSACHUSETTS — Frosts, with water very much on the scarce side, fortunately were few in number this fall. There was a conditional warning out on September 16th, a warning on the 17, 18, and 19 and again on Octob- er 12. These took an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 barrels. First real killing freezs came on the night of October 15th. Next nisrnlns temperatures were re- ported at 16, Makepeace Wankinko Bog, 17 at Beaton Marsh bog and a number of low 20's. Loss was estimated at none. On the night of October 18th the Weather Bureau reported to Cranberry Experiment Station the wind was expected to blow all night and in gusts up to gale force. Low point was figured at 20 and no warning sent out. Instead the wind died and heavy frost occurred. There were 40,000 to 50,000 barrels out and there was an esti- mated loss of 15 percent, or may- be 7500 barrels by Cranberry Sta- t'on. There were unconfirmed re- ports of 80 percent loss in the Hanson area and confirmed at 35 nercent. Total loss to data (Oct. 21) is now figured at approxi- mately 10,000. Heavy frost came again on the night of Oct. 21, from the cold Canadian air hanging around from a high pressure area. For this bogs, were under water. An estimated 30,000 barrels were out. All the frost losses were in Ply- mouth and Bristol counties, none on the Cape. October estimate brought Mass- achusetts figure down to 595,000 barrels, the area from Manomet to the whole Cape falling off rather badly. Some were ready to believe there would not be much more than 550,000 barrels, or only an average crop. Picking, on a few bogs, is ex- pected to continue into November this year. State Bog picked only about 350 barrels, as it was largely, deliberately left dry last winter, to determine what this would do. It cut the crop. Toward end of October sales were reported as not only holding, but brisk, and with possibility of an increase in price of present S4.00 a quarter. Ocean Spray haa sold 38,000 gallons of cocktail as compared to 16,000 for last year and anticipation was that a mil- lion cases of pints would be hit this season. Reservoirs remained extremely low for after harvest flood and for winter protection, although this will likely be made up by the time this is necessary. Rainfall to Oct. 21 was only 2.53 inches with normal 3.74. October, which had started out unduly warm wa^; only 7 degi-ees plus by the 22nd. Late Wisconsin There was much rain and high humidity the first part of October and as a consequence harvest moved slowly. Major share of the crop was out of the marshes by about the 17, although a few grow- ers will be picking into November. Color and size are reported as better than average, and little rot was developing. It seems as 'f more Wisconsin berries were being sold on the mid-west markets, and not many eastern Blacks were seen in local markets. By October 10th some were doubting that current estimate of 440,000 barrels would be reached. Twelve? Frost Protection Of Cranberries By Sprinkler Irrigation (Editor's Note: The following are portions of an address delivered by Prof. John S. Norton, Mass- achusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, delivered before the North Atlantic Section of American Society of Agricultural Engineers. While some of it is an "old story" to ci'anberry growers these por- tions may serve as refreshers to fact.) History Cultivation of cranberries as a commercial crop started about 1816. It is believed that these early growers took advantage of whatever frost or winter protec- tion nature provided without pro- viding any special facilities on their own. However, by 1850, some growers were flooding their bogs as part of their cultural practices. By 1925, about 50 pei-- cent of the 14,000 acres of Mass- achusetts bogs had frost flowing facilities. And by 1956, 80 per- cent was at least partially pro- tected from frost. At the present time, about one-third of the flow- age is done by pump while the other two-thirds is done by grav- ity. The late Henry J. Franklin had not been in charge of the Cran- berry Experiment Station long, after its beginning in 1906, when he realized that there was a need for a frost warning service to the growers to reduce their losses to frost. And, as a result, seven weather observing stations were set up on bogs thi-oughout the cranberry belt between 1912 and 1919. From temperature data col- lected at these stations, correla- tions were made with other meteor- ological information gathejred from more distant weather sta- tions, and formulas were derived for accurately forecasting mini- mum temperatures to be expected on cranberry bogs. In 1920, the State Cranben-y Frost Warning Service was established with grow- ers paying the telephone charges. Modifications and refinements oi the forecasting formulas were niade from time to time between 1920 and 1946. Locations of dis- tant weather stations were alsD changed some in order to get the most consistant and reliable in- formation on approaching weather conditions that would influence the occurance of frost. The present stations are at Worcester, Rock- port, Logan Airport and East Wareham. The factors used in determining the minimum bog temperatures are: wet-bulb and dry-bulb temp- eratures, dew points, wind direc- tion and velocity, and barometric pressure. The frost season extends from about April 20 to June 15 and from August 15 to November 1. During these seasons, two deter- minations of minimum temperature are made daily. The first is made at 1 p.m. and is not as reliable as the evening one which is made at 8 p.m. However, when an extreme- ly low temperature or an early evening low temperature is im- minent, the 1 o'clock determina- tion usually indicates it; thus, permitting growers with bogs that require 4 to 6 hours for flooding to get their water on in time. Cranberry vines and fruit have different cold tolerance levels at different times of the year. These tolerances are a function of the stage of growth of the vines or the maturity of the berries. The dates at which the different tol- erance levels become effective naturally vary some from year to year, depending on early spring temperatures and growing condi- tions. However, the minimum safe tempei'atures and the approximate dates on which they become effec- tive are as follows: April 20 to May 15, 18°F; May 15 to May 20, 25° F; May 20 to August 25, 291/2 °F; August 25 to September 15, 28° F; and September 15 through harvest 23 °F. There are noted exceptions to these figures. This is emphasized by the fact that the true freezing- point of cranberries is 24.6 °F. to 29.5°F. but 23° bog temperatures are considered safe for ripe berries. The Howes variety has withstood rather severe bog temp- eratures with relatively small losses. Some examples are 16 ^F.. 10% loss; 14°F., 20% loss; and 9°F., 55% loss. This is attributed to the fact that the very still conditions associated with these low temperatures permit super- cooling or under-cooling of the berries. A slight shock or dis- turbance would cause the berries to freeze almost instantly. Some Factors Affecting the Occurrance of Frost A rule of thumb estimate of the minimum bog temperature to be expected on average bogs is to subtract 20° from the forecast Boston minimum. This figure is usually accurate enough to give the growers an idea of what to expect before the calculations are made locally. This rather large deviation from the Boston figure is easily understood when you learn that the temperature inver- sion on the State Bog, which is a warmer than average bog, is often 10° F. and sometimes 15°F. in the first 18' of elevation. Temperature differances of 6'^ to 7°F. may occur between the ground and the tops of the vines, a distance of 6" to 8". Usually the warmer air is nearer the ground. However, a 5° difference has been recorded in a 2" differ- ence of elevation with the colder air being nearer the ground. This was probably due to light inter- mittant breezes during the night which tended to sweep off the cold air at the tops of the vines but leaving that which was trapped near the ground. Present Frost Protection Facilities There are now 1250 bogs in Massachusetts with a total acreage of 13,500. Of this total, 8350 acres have full frost protection facilities while 2800 acres have no frost protection and 2350 acres have only partial frost protection. (To Be Continued) Thirteen The Massachusetts picking machine schools held last August paid off in rapid hau'vest this fall. Above, shows a group listening attentively to instructions. Below Louis Sherman is instructor in class at State Bog, East Wareham. (Cranberries Photo) Fourteen /Mlt^als ISSUE OF OCTOBER 1959 Vol. 24 - No. 6 ^^^A«WLCIW«8£«ttr/ttfi^«- ANOTHER GOOD YEAR It looks like another season as good as last year, and probably even better. As this goes to press fresh fruit sales of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. are up 28 percent over last year for corresponding date. Other distributors report demand good. Perhaps most important is that orderly marketing — those hackneyed but impor- tant words — continues in effect. This is what the trade likes — it knows where it is at in the cranberry deal. Crop estimates are up over the pre- liminary estimate to 1,273,000 barrels and yet berries continue to sell. We can both grow and sell cranberries. It appears incidentally, Wisconsin this year will achieve a state average of slightly more than 100 barrels to the acre, if present estimate of 440,000 barrels is reached. W^—M<^— ■■■»-■«— ■<}• LESS "PICTURESQUE," BUT MORE EFFICIENT We have read one or two articles that the now almost universal use of picking machines and other modern equipment is destroying the "picturesqueness" of the cranberry harvest season. It is not as much fun to take a ride through cranberryland in the Fall as it used to be. We may lose a little Autumn publicity. It is claimed the swallow houses are vanishing, because of increased use of chemicals also the shacks which used to house workers are being taken down or falling down. We may miss the birds, but not the shacks. However, this is progress. Who'd go back to the picturesqueness of a square- rigger as against the chance to ride in an atomic liner, as soon as they are com- pleted? A horse, to many, is more of a thing of beauty than an automobile, with all its chrome. But who would go back to the slow pace of a horse when going someplace important? "Picturesqueness" is giving way to CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blaeberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey modern practicability everywhere and in everything. So with the cranberry industry. But, we make progress. We think it was a good suggestio.i made in "Food Marketing In New Eng- land," publication of First National Stores, that bogs along "Cranberry Highway" — or anywhere — be designated by a sign such as "Cranberries Growing Here." Lots of strangers can whizz by a bog and not knoAV they are seeing one. We have gone by rice fields in the past and not known it; yet we were interested in seeing rice being grown. Somebody had to point it out to us. Some growers do have signs, but not enough. Fifteen IRVIN6 THE WtSeONSIN GROWERS MEM OK Y OF LATE GROWER HONORED Memory of the late J. Artrrur Baker, Judge of Massachusetts Superior Court and cranberry gfrower was honored by the placing- of his portrait in Barnstable Superior Court House this month. Judge Baker, who lived at Buz- zards Bay and had bogs on But- termilk Bay was much interested in the promotion of cranberries. FRESH FROM FIELDS (Continued from Pag:e fi) The inclement weather cut opei-a- tions the first of the harvesting period. The mechanical dryers worked very well during the rainy, cloudy last half of the month. What few growers who did not have drying- facilities were forced to stop harvesting. Estimate Holding Up Berries started coloring rapidly the last of the month anri volume shipments were expected to oiove out the end of the first week in October. The berries <-ontiniipd lo grow during the month and oup counts showed a twenty to twenty- five per cent increase in sizf dnr ing th<> month. Crop ►•stiinMlH- appeared to he holding up a! though a couple of weeks h;ii\-pst ing was needed to f '' '''' "'i story on yields. Sr. water soaked beriie? served but losses were expected to he light. Scattered Blossoms A few scattered blossoms were reported on areas where vine growth and bud development was advanced. These areas' had been MR. GROWER Our Job is working for you. Merchandising^ and Marketinji Wisconsin Grown Cranberries Fresh or Frozen S£^f^ -^v. '^.^ ^ m R E I B 6 B B K 1 \lmiw^\lmL FROZEN FRESH WHOLE ii^^^iiiiinisa INDIAN Wisconsin Rapids TRAIL WISCONSIN INC. P.O. Box 710 Sixteen s 1 heavily fertilized and had very poor drainage conditions. Somej patches of wild blueberries were' also observed blooming. As men- tioned last month some bud devel- ojiment was noted but mainly con-| fined to vegetative buds. It is expected that this over develop- ment will have little effpct on next years crop. OREGON ('ianl)erry harvest for fresh ber- rip^ started October I but slowed iiie to heavy rainfall during ' latter part of the first week an October. Another observation is that the fruit being brought into the sheds lacks the color- ing needed in more mature fruit. so this may result in a delay of the harvest for awhile. Hopes are strong for good harvest weather without the extremely high tem- perature that usually causes a fruit rotting situation. (J rowers here are holding to their optimism predicting one of the l)ette.r crops this year. i^eer season in a round about vvay is assisting with cranberry harvesting. Some of the logging ipeiatioiis have shut down to ac- lomodate employees who wish to (lag a buck, and this makes avail- ■tl)le some workers for help in cranbeiiy harvesting. I SPRINKLER SYSTEMS PUMPS HIGH CAPCITY WELLS ROBERTS IRRIGATION SERVICE STEVENS POINT WISCONSIN SERVINS THE WISOONSIN GROWERS FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1960 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G«tsinger Retracto toeth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Your Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too OUR PRODUCTS Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake i m i m Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN i m THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA iHt*^1fifir KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point r mgm^mi»!m;f»xs^i^'^ ^ CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine Give a gift that's Packed mth Pleasure NEW CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER Holiday packed with . . . • 2 pints of Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail • 2 seven-ounce cans of Ocean Spray Cranberry Sauce • 4 traditional-designed opal glasses • International Silver's Cranberry Server Can be re-used as . . . • beverage tray for beach or patio • carry-all for barbecues and picnics • gardener's helper for tools and plants • knitting or sewing box ORDER TODAY! Give all your friends a cranberry gift carrier. Give yourself one, tool TO: GIFT DEPT. Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc., Hanson, Mass. Please send me CRANBERRY GIFT CARRIER(S) at $5.95 each. Enclosed is (amount). Check D Money Order □ Cash D NAME_ STREET. CITY_ _Z0NE. .state;. n PS. Please send me your order blank for more gifts. lYIINO A\ >pA\J,\J\J\Jf\J\J\J r\ 1 tniN. »»^wv-r^irvi APE COD ^EW JERSEY WISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTO CANADA «•' DAVID B. MANN, Massachusetts, "Exposed to Cranberries. (CKANBERBIES 35 Cents NOVEMBER 1959 I DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWERS WGrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New Eng^land Plant and Warehouse Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The CHARLES W. HARRIS Company The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN SEPARATOR WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boes and Pumps Means Satisfaction WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES DIRECTORY FOR CRANBERRY GROWSRS Uation Staff ^etes Retiring ^oseph Kelley Joseph L. Kelley, technical ssistant at the Massachusetts 'ranberry Experiment Station in ]ast Wareham, was tendered an au revoir" dinner November 3 at Jen and Mildred's Chicken House, Tiddleboro. All the members of the staff, !/ith their wives, attended with the Ixception of Mrs. Audrey Paine, |ecretary at the Station, who was risiting her daughter and new ;randchild. Honored guests were )r. Herbert F. Bergman and Mrs. Ilenry J. Franklin, widow of Dr. ('"ranklin who was the first director if the station. There were 24 )ersons present. Dr. Chester Cross, director of he Station, was master of cere- uonies, making the aftei'-dinner ;peech. Kelley was presented with I gift of money from the staff. \t the suggestion of Dr. Cross, Mrs. Kelley made the acceptance Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1959 Model ORDER NOW J. £. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW and thank you speech. Mrs. Kelley, incidentally, was the fii'st secretary at the Station working under Dr. Franklin, Kelley seconded his wife's remarks with several anecdotes about his years at the Station. At the August 18 meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, Kelley was honored by the growers and guests at the Station and presented with a TV set, a gift from the association. Ferris C. Waite, president of the association, presented Joe a bound album of testimonial letters from the many growers and others con- nected with the cranberry indus- try who have been helped by him in the 46 years he has been at the station. As Dr. Cross said, he will be missed greatly and has been extended an invitation to come in and visit any time he so desires. Kelley intends to enjoy life, starting with a hunting trip to Nova Scotia. OCEAN SPRAY 1958 POOL CLOSED OCT. 31 Ocean Spray Ci'anberries, Inc. on November 2 sent out notices to its members that shipments were complete for the 1958 pool which closed October 31, Notices stated that subject to financial audit, pre- liminary figures show that after finance charges and retain, total- ling 67 cents, the pool will pay cash of $11.53 a barrel. Last year the 1957 pool paid $11.38. Checks were expected to be mailed out by Thanksgiving. To date $10.60 has been paid in advances. ELECTRICITY Is your good "friend" any month in the year. It is an especially valuable aid in November, when the daylight hours are shortening and you are busy with your screening and shipping. P^^n"^^!IU— ll»— ^l!ll I Ml^Mllll UU— llll^ u'ltl— Plymouth County EJectric Co. WAREHAM - PLYMOUTH CYpress 5-0200 Pilgrim 6-1300 November Estimate Shows Slight Drop National cranberry crop is down to 1,249,000 barrels in November 10th estimate of U.S.D.A. Prelim- inary August forecast was for 1,263,500 barrels. This is more than production for 1958 which was 1,165,600 and well above the last ten-year average of 929,030 barrels. Massachusetts is now placed at 575,000 barrels which is 35,000i less than the preliminary estimate and less than the 1958 production of 598,000 but above the average which is 558,100. Wisconsiin is still figured at 44,000 barrels the record for that state, more than the 389,000 barrels of last year and compares with an average of 256,100. This gives a state average of more than 100 barrels to the acre. New Jersey, like Massachusetts is down from preliminary to 95,000, preliminary having been 110,000. It is above last year's figure of 89,000 barrels and slightly above the average of 85,900. Washington State is up to 95,000 which is above the preliminary estimate by 500 barrels, nearly double that of 1958 which was 57,500 and much higher than average of 53,460. Oregon is now given 44,000 barrels, the same as preliminary estimate, up from 32,300 last year and nearly double it's ten-year average of 25,470. CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shooks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Masi. One Howes Open At $4,25 A Quarter Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. on October 30th opened its price on Howes at |4.25 and other lates at $4.00 a quarter. McFarlins from Wisconsin and the West Coast are at $4.00. Massachusetts Early Blacks remain at ?4.00. These prices were listed as hold- ing- until November 24. The Howes price is five cents more than last year, with an earlier opening. FRUIT FOR THE YOUNG Public schools below the college level in the United States used more than $36 million worth of fresh and processed fruits and fruit juices during the year ended June, 1958, according to a recent survey by Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. The items included fresh, frozen, canned and dried fruits, and fruit juices. The survey showed that deliv- eries to the schools, which have a total enrollment of somewhat over 21 million pupils, averaged 11.70 per child. Canned items comprised nearly four-fifths of the value of the fruits and juices consumed in the schools. Fresh fruits made up nearly all of the remainder, with dried and frozen fniits amounting to about 3%. Fruits and juices purchased locally by the schools accounted for about 85% of the total value, the remainder being donated directly by USDA. Recent 1959 purchases by the USDA, with funds appropx-iated under the National School Lunch Act, were 403,875 cases of No. 10 size cans of red tart pitted cherries and 638,700 of U.S. choice grade canned clingstone and freestone peaches. (American Fruit Growers) CHARLES E. WHITLOCK Charles E. Whitlock, 86, of Glen Charlie Road, East Wareham, Massachusetts passed away November 7th at Tobey Hospital, Wareham after a long illness. Mr. Whitlock was 86, and for many years was a cranberry growler w^ith considerable acreage on Glen Charlie Road. A few years ago he sold his properties. CARLETON RE-ELECTED J. Foxcraft Carleton, East Sand- wich, Mass. well-known cranberry and blueberry grower has been re- elected as chairman of the Barn- stable County Agricultural and! Conservation Committee. Mains function of the committee is to act on application of farmers which involve Government cost- sharing in various conservation practices. READ CRANBERRIES FOR PREFABRECATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. Send A Copy To Your Friends . . . WITHOUT CHARGE Please sen persons liste'd To d a free below: copy of CRANBERRIES To with my compliments to the i Address Address City ... Z _. _._. State City .. Z ... .... State . Sender Address Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Devastating Blow Hurricanes, floods, drought, ost, and — yes, even surplus iblems, are rather insignificant impared to the blow dealt our iilustry by the ill-advised and responsible statement issued by lie head of the Health, Education nd Welfare Department, Wash- igton, regarding the possible untamination of a few cranberries. It is too early to appraise the amage caused by this bad pub- icity in terms of its ultimate t'fect on the consumption of cran- ■erries, but it is apparent that nr holiday markets have suffered crushing blow. However, our ! ndustry is rallying from this blow ,s it has from other setbacks and 3 developing a strong, aggressive rogram to counteract this bad press" and demonstrating clearly md conclusively to our consumers lat our cranberry products are ompletely free from any contam- ination as they have always been, ind are perfectly safe to use in my form. Late Harvest The cranberry harvest was not ompleted in Massachusetts until '/ell into November because of umerous frosts and frequent :ains that occurred in late October ind early November, According to 3ur records 20 general frost warn- ings were released this fall, com- pared to 15 in 1958, 20 in 1957, 20 in 1956, and 3 in 1955. We have seen no reason to change our estimate of frost damage this fall from the 9,000 - 10,000 barrels mentioned in this column last month. George Rounsville should again be commended for his splendid work as our frost con- sultant during the 1959 season. which presented its share of diffi- culties for those engaged in such work. We are also indebted to the U. S. Weather Bureau, our cooperative weather observers, the telephone distributors, and the radio stations that have cooper- ated in making the forst warning service effective. "Joe" Kelley Again Honored Joseph Kelley concluded his duties at our station on November 1st, after long and distinctive ser- vice to our cranberry industry. Growers will recall the fine tribute paid to Joe at the Annual Meeting of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association in August, and the gift presented to him by the association on that day. The station staff arranged a dinner party for Joe and Mrs- Kelley in early November. It was also attended by Mrs. H. J. Frank- lin and Dr. H. F. Bergman. Our guest of honor was presented a gift by Dr. Cross on behalf of the station staff. It was a wonder- ful evening with both serious and hilarious moments. We all wish Joe and Mrs. Kelley the very best in the years ahead. Quality Studies Our quality control studies are progressing satisfactorily, or were before the recent crisis. We hope to obtain useful information on the effect of zineb phaltan on the shelf life of fresh cranberries handled under various conditions. Polyethylene is being compared with cellophane as a film for fresh cranberries as a part of the study. The writer visited markets in Boston, Cincinnati and Detroit during early November in order to check the condition, movement and price of cranberries at the terminal market and retail levels. By coincidence, he arrived in Cin- cinnati November 9th, just as the newspapers and radio were head- lining the cranberry crisis. Plans had to be changed a bit to meet that situation and every effort C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 Three Nvas made to inform those cor- cerned, which included represent- atives of the press, radio and TV, with facts as we knew them. It was apparent that the term- inal market people and represent- atives of the trade were shocked and stunned by this unprecedented situation and were concerned that it might happen to other fruits and vegetables. However, I was able to collect the information that I was seeking and to purchase samples of cranberries from ap- proximately ten representative stores in each of the above cities. These were carefully examined as to condition. These detail re- sults are not available at this time but it can be stated that the condition of fresh fruit, based on this quick sampling mehod, was better than expected. Our improved relations with the trade still exist in spite of the present situation. BANDON CHAMBER PASSES RESOLUTION The Bandon, Oregon Chamber of Commerce at a meeting during the amino triazole uproar passed a strong resolution. It follows: "Whereas, one of the principal industries of Coos county agricul- tural economy is based on the cranberry, and "Whereas the Department of Ag- riculture had previously author- ized the use of amino-triazole as a post-hai-vest spray of cranberry bogs, and "Whereas to date there has been no absolute proof of harm through use of the cranberries sprayed, and "Whereas a major share of the crop has been unaffected by the application of the spray and is safe for human consumption, "Now, therefore, the Bandon Chamber of Commerce hereby goes on record as condemning the sen- sational and inaccurate informa- tion given out by health authori- ties." being released from hospital fol- lowing a heart attack. He was 61. Mr. Kranick for a time was a member of the U. S. Life Saving Service, which later became the U. S. Coast Guard, serving at Win- chester Bay, Bandon, the Pres- idio at San Francisco and Fort Berry, California. In 1925 he left this service and became a cran- beiTy growei-. He took over the I. Nordstrom bog at Two Mile, which was one of the first bogs in the Bandon area. He increased his acreage and added new bog until he had one of the largest cranberry-producing properties in Oregon. Surviving are his widow, Ethei and a son Martin, besides tv/o sisters, and four grandchildren. Mrs. Kranick for many years served as Oregon correspondent for this magazine, and was her- self prominent in cranberry- affairs. year average of 558,100 barrels. Report continues the berries were I slow to color and mature, but] harvest was completed under gen- erally favorable weather condi- tions. In spite of generally inade- quate water supplies frost damage was light. Berries were reported to tend to be small in size. Weather conditions during November to the 15th were mild, with an excess in degrees of about 18. Boston had a record 70 de- grees on the 14th. Leaves were still hanging to the trees and lawns continued to remain green. There had been no snow. Then there began the first cold weather of the season. On the morning of the 18th minimum in the shelter at State Bog was 21. Ice formed during the night. Rainfall was light, adding little to the winter buildup. To the 18th the fall had been only 1.52 inches with normal for November being 3.86. LATE MASSACHUSETTS New England Crop Reporting Services reported in its November release that the Massachusetts crop, as now estimated at 575,000 barrels, while 4 percent less than the 598,000 baiTels of last year is still 3 percent more than the ten- Subscribe To Cranberries LESLIE M. KRANICK Leslie M. Kranick, well known cranberi-y grower of Bandon, Oregon died November 8. after R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Four Issue of November 1959 - Vol .24 No. 7 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop. Main St. Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943. at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS October Turned Out Wet Rainfall, except on the first day turned out to be generally light, at least for the first part of tne month. The month as a whole, however, turned out to be well over normal which is 3.74 inches. Actually precipitation was 5.22 which speaks for itself, most of this falling in the last days of October. Month Slightly Warmer Than Normal Month was practically normal, after a very warm start. In fact the average was only 2 degrees a day above the nonm. Picking Ends First Week of Nov. Picking was continuing later than usual, in fact to the 2nd or 3rd of November, or during that week. Although there was no abun- dance of water for after-harvest reflood, in general, most growers had enough for this clean-up practice. More Fall Work Done With a good market for 1959 crop and the results of the 1958 pool known, there was more fall work going on than in a number of years. This included more raking than has been the case, and quite a lot of sanding, the sand being applied by a number of original devises in addition to wheelbarrow and plank. Warmer than normal and mild weather during the first of November aided in this post- harvest work. In fact two or three days were practically balmy in temperature. NEW JERSEY Estimate May Be High Clear, mild days throughout most of the month of October were quite favorable for harvest of cranberries in New Jersey. At the end of the month the harvest was just about complete. It appears now that the estimate of 110,000 barrels may be a little high be- cause of an unusually large amount of rot and scald induced by the very warm early autumn. Frosts Cause Slight Damage Frosty nights on October 15, 18 and 19 caused only slight damage. The month on the whole averaged out at 59.6 °F., about B^F. warmer than normal. Precipitation amount- ed to only 2.37 inches, about 90 cf s.n inch short of normal. Ralph B. Clayberger The cranberry industry of New Jersey lost a g'ood friend when the veteran grower, Ralph B. Clay- berger, suddenly passed away early in October. WISCONSIN October Cold, Wet Month October was cold, wet and cloudy. Temperatures were below normal with readings from three to nine degrees under the normal in the cranberry areas. Heavy rains fell the second and fourth weeks, with intermittent showers occurring almost daily during the balance of the month. Rainfall totalled almost three times the normal of slightly over two inches. This precipitation was the great- A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop 2 CARLOADS ALL HEART REDWOOD NOW IN TRANSIT Planking - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. VV. t^oodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Phones Rockwell 3-8811 — Middleboro 1275 Five est for October since 1877. A number of reporting stations re- corded some precipitation on 21 days of the month. Final tempera- tures for the month averaged the coldest since 1925. As for cloudy conditions, there were only four clear days during the entire month. There v/as sunshine only 33% of the daylight hours, which set a new record. All in all it was a montn that we could have done without as far as weather was concerned. Incidentally as a prelude to an early winter snow flurries were reported in the northern area the first part of the month followed by heavy snow in that area total- ling eight or more inches occurring on Oct. 23 and 24th. The extended forecast for November is for below normal in temperature and from noi-mal to below normal in precipi- tation. Normals for the month are 32.1 degrees and 1.99 inches. More Than Ample Water Water supplies were more than adequate at months end. Most marshes had hardly lowered their reservoirs with harvest and frost flooding. In fact most marshes were wasting water. In checking i, records this was the fourth con-i secutive month that i-eservoirs were above normal. With the ground water tables raising and with the surface soil saturated, there should be more than ample water for winter flooding in all areas. Fear Some Berries Frozen Harvesting was prolonged due to the inclement weather. Most marshes lost from three to five days due to the rains. The biggest drawback to the harvest operations was the slowdown in drying, call- ing for more heat than usual. At the end of the month there was an estimated fifty to seventy five acres still to be harvested and some operators were afraid of having berries frozen in. Berries Fully Colored Due to the cold weather and frequent flooding the last of the month, the berries were fully col- ored. The late varieties, McFar- lins and Howes put on little growth Six during the month. Some water soaking was reported, especially in rank vine growth beds, with many immature berries being effected. The native variety seemed to have the most loss, fol- lowed by the McFarlins. Shipments Berries were moving rapidly to market and half of the state crop was reported shipped by the end of the month. It was estimated that about 60% of the total shipped was for processing and the balance fresh. Fresh shipments were re- ported well ahead of last year and the market reported good. ' WASHIN6T0N Many High Yields Harvest was excellent, some of the bogs having produced' as high as 250 barrels to the acre. Small isolated areas have exceeded this quantity. Much October Rain Weather during the month of October was composed of alternate periods of good weather and rain. Total precipitation was 6.8 inches. Up to the 17th of November thei-e were only three days of rain with a total of 1.35. Temperatures Maximum temperature fo; October was 80 degrees on Isb 18th and the minimum was 27 oi the 30th. Relative humidit; reached 37 on October 18th. T( Nov. 17th maximum temperatoB was 70 on the 9th. As of the l"^ the weather had turned colder aAi winter appeared to be setting io Much Concern The current marketing- situati©j has cause J a great deal of cbhceti in this area, and it will cause great deal of damage to the grow crs Charles G. Doughty, superiii' tendent of the Cranberry-Blueberrj Station has started on the Stattoi bog post-harvest experimenta treatments to determine ho^ much amino-triazole, if any, 'i carried over. CRANBERRIES PROVIDES A NEEDED MEDIUM OF INFORMATION FOR ALL GROWERS REA CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKING Retains full natural flav&r without overwhelming sweetness C^) CORN PRODUCTS COMPAPSIY 17 Battery Place, New York 4, N. Y. Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and these popular grocery brands for the confiumfir: MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® tyrups • BOSCO** chocolate flavocMl aywi|> NIAGARA® Instant starch • LIMIT'*' dry and liquid storchcs • KASCO** d*« fead NUSOFT® fbbric softener rime • ARCO* ten ond gtoss st«reh»s ''There is A Future In Cranberries Or I Wouldn't Be Growing Them'' So Says the youthful David B. Mann, son of H. Gordon Mann, sales manager of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. — He bought 57 acres in Buzzards Bay and lives at bogside. by Clarence J. Hall "There is no other way to make a living, except in cranberries," declares youthful, 6-foot David B. Mann. "I've been exposed to cran- berries all my life. If I didn't think there w^as a future in the business I wouldn't be in it." Mann is the son of H. Gordon Mann, processed sales manageli- of Ocean Spray Cranberries Inc. Young David is operating an established property of 57 bearing acres, with a total property of 300 acres. About a mile in from Head- of-Bay road at Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, he has an isolated "king- dom." The bog uplands are beautifully cleaned up, the bogs well-laid out and mostly free of weeds. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Mann (Mrs. Mann, the former Marjorie Tatlow of Onset, married last December) is on a little hill with bogs all around. One of the reasons Mann went three days a week at the Mass- achusetts Cranberry Experiment Station at East Wareham, going pruond ■:: other bogs and learn- ing from Cranberry Specialist "Dick" Beattie, Dr. F. B. Chand- ler, agronomist, "Joe" Kelley and others there. He decided on the University of Massachusetts after high school, and as there is no course in cran- berries he planned on the nearest subjects he could get to this. He majored in botany, took a market- ing course, entomology and farm management. He was graduated in 1951 vdth a B. S. degree. He managed the school cafeteria, was manager of the baseball team, and played trombone in different college bands. Then came his service days. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy, attend- ing officer's candidate school. From OCS he was assigned to a year-long course at naval aviation officers electronics school. After completion of this school he was assigned to Bermuda for a two- year tour of duty. As electronic's officer he was responsible for 125 technicians and electricians and several million dollars' worth of electronic equipment. He is still active in the Naval Reserve, where he has the rank of lieutenant, taking training at Weymouth one weekend of each month and goes on an annual two- into cranberry growing he says, is because he likes the outdoor life and he likes "to be my own boss." The property bought by Mann in 1956 was owned by Eldred Mosher of Wareham and before that were the bogs of Hamilton Garland. Both owners had kept the bogs in shape and made heavy investments to own and operate good prop- erties, and Mann is continuing to do the same. Average production, Mann says is about 4200 barrels cr about 74 'barrels per acre per acre which is better than the Massachusetts average of 47.3. David was born at Pittsfield, Massachusetts where his father was sales manager for Mohawk ginger ale. The family moved to Hanson, when H. Gordon Mann became associated with what is the present National Cranberry Association in 1935. He attended the public schools of Hanson and was graduated from nearby Whitman High. His father became a small cranberry grower and David as a youngster helped to prepare this bog under the supervision of Archie McLellan (Cranberries Nov., 1959) and under his expert tutelage began to learn about cranberries. He decided to be a grower himself. He worked for his father sum- mers and had also spent two or week cruise. Out of the navy in September 1956 he began to look around for a bog property that he could handle, both financially and cul- turally himself. The Mosher bog was available at that time. The bogs needed some weeding, there was a lot of sanding needed and ditches had to be cleared out. There is an ample water supply from two ponds. Mare's and Week's. The water is pumped on and although while some of it can be returned to Mare's by grav- ity five pumps are used, a Pack- ard, Continental, International and 2 Ford industrials. A feature is that sluiceways are of cement, put in some years ago, so these canals are always clean. All the water used is returned to the ponds. Flooding for frosts, which Mann does himself is not a quick process. It takes about 12 hours to get' the entire property under for an ade- quate frost flow , so he is one of those growers forced to start in early when the weather doesn't appear good frostwise. In that memorable dry suminer of 1957 he got himself a portable irrigation system, consisting of four sprinkler heads and a quan- tity of aluminum pipe. He pumped from ditches and from the two ponds. There is a sizeable and very sturdy concrete block, two-story warehouse. Loadings of harvest boxes from the bogs may be made on both levels. He does not pack for himself, but his berries go to Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Incidentally, most of the vines are Early Blacks, with three acres of Howes. This is a fairly warm bog, not a "cold spot," he '.says. This may be because it is only a short distance from the salt waters of Buttermilk Bay. He harvests with 3 Westerns and 3 Darlingtons. He uses the Darlingtons for the rougher go- ing, and finds the Western Picker hard work the first year, but likes them once the vines are trained. He has a dump truck and flat bed for general work and four model A Fords which he converted into jalopys for sanding. He uses Seven planks for sanding as the steel does not break, and is easy to drive on and off. He has a Con- ant loader. Of sand, and very good sand, there is almost an over-abundance as there are pits open all around the bogs. For spraying and dusting he uses helicopters and has a concen- trated spray rig which he had designed and built by "Bob" St. Jacques of Hayden Cranberry Sep- arator Company, according to his ideas of what he wanted. There is a bunkhouse on the property where he keeps one man, Mathius Lopes, who with his wife are year-round workers. It is Lopes, he says, who is chiefly re- "sponsible for the notable clean aplands with a few trees stand- ing. "He is a landscape artist in this respect," says Mann. During this past summer he had kept five women at work on hand weeding. The Manns do not mind their isolated location up in the so- called "Plymouth Woods" area. "We have a lot of birds, deer and a fox." Not too many Massachusetts growers live at bogside, but Mann is one who decs and likes it. For hobbies he says he thin'is it must bo "only cranberry gro v- ing," although he does like phoL02'- raphy and goes in for color. He is a member of the South Shore Cranberry Club, which meets at Kingston and of Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association. He is also a Mason, member of Wampa- tuck Lodge of Hanson. Asked again why he thought the lot of a cranberry grower might not lead to a dead end, he replied that even before prices began to improve last year he could see the signs of a rising industry. Other- wise he wouldn't have paid a good price for 57 acres of bog in 1956. He believes there is a tremendous future in particular for cranberry cocktail, and this should be pro- moted in the other parts of the country. "The results we had last year in New England." he said, "should be enough to make a believer of anyone. People are juice con- scious now and it is a lot easier to get people to drink more cran- berries than they can eat. "That's not to say we snould forget our mainstay, sauce. Ocean Spray has the best distribution of any food product in the coun- try. In other words, it is avail- able everyplace for everyone who wants it. It is up to us to get an effective advertising program to make people want to eat more cranberry sauce, possibly a radio spot, with a tricky jingle, similai' to that whicli has worked such wonders for us with cocktail in New England. "I don't believ-< the results would be so dramatic as those we "^--m had with cocktail, but if we ecu get people in other parts of tl country to consume as mu( sauce per capita as they do he; we could more than double o\ sales. In other words, we wouldn have enough cranberries. "Our other big outlet is fra fruit. I think we should be ab to extend our selling season hei The Exchange used to keep crai berries until almost spring aB get a premium price for thei beiries without improved metlii of refrigeration and the expi ience other fruit growers have ha in co.itrolled atmosphere storag T^jday why can't we keep crai berries with a minimum (Continued On P?.ge Sixteen) i biiuwing iieat ccruent sluiceway leading from reservoir to the Mann bogs. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Eight ^^^ 'i^ , Above: A portion of the clean Mann bogs, with the almost "landscaped" appearance of the clean shores. Below: The Mann residence is shown, all but surrounded by the bogs. (Cranberries Photo) Engineering Professor "Stan" Norton experiments with the Oregon "Egg Beater," in flooded area of Massachusetts State Bog. (CRANBERRIES Photo) Pacific Coast ''Water ReeV Is Tes ted On Mass, State Bog A new type of cranberry picker, new to the East, was tested at Massachusetts Cranberry Sta- tion, East Wareham last month. This is the so-called "water-reel", a devise at first known by the name of the "egg beater". The picker has been in use for a number of years - and with success - for berries to be canned. It has been used in Oregon and Washington. A sizeable portion of the crop in those two states is now harvested with the "water reel." First necessity for use of the picker is that the bog, or the section of it to be picked, should be flooded to a depth a little over the vines. Berries are knocked off the vines and then "boomed" ashore where they are gathered. The device was originated at Bandon in Southeastern Oregon. The machine is simply a steel frame, mounted on two 20-inch bicycle wheels. There are four rods in front on metal circles, 36 inches wide and 20 inches in diameter. The reel and machine are driven by a 2^/^ h.p. Briggs & Stratton motor similar to that used on all Massachusetts or New ton pickers. Power take-off is by chain. Machine is fast in operation, meaning a saving in cost on pick- ing, but then there is the process of "booming," collecting and get- ting rid of the bog "trash," mean- ing additional time spent. One of its advantages is that the machine stirs up about as much of the "trash", leaves, stems, as does a float boat. Another advantage is that picking can be done in any weather, and early or late in the day, as it is a water-harvest pro- cess. It also picks clean, leaving few berries. Machine being tested at the State Bog was built by station engineering Professor John "Stan" Norton from a design sent east by Jack Dean of Bandon. It is far less expensive than the other mechanical pickers and can easily be made where machine work is available. However, there is the added cost of the booming and other steps, although the machine does eliminate the cost of a man to caiTy berries to thi shore as with conventional pick ers or with scooping. The "water-reel" could not b( used on the Western and Darling Jersey bogs as they are now con structed, being too large in manj instances. The division of th( State Bog into four bays twc years ago made the tests pos sible. If berries were to be shippet fresh they would have to be mechanically dried after harvest bruising would be a factor in the cost of using the picker. CHAIN OFFERS CRANBERRY PRIZE New A & P Supermarket, open- ing in Wareham Massachusett this month offered as a prize t the first 1,000 customers a poun> package of fresh cranberries. Tlu fi-uit was the "Paradise Meadow'" brand of Decas Bros., Wareham distributors and packers. Ten Unexpected Marketing Crisis Rocks The Entire industry Marketing of the 1959 crop of fresh cranberries was going along at a brisk and orderly pace until on Novemiber 9, Arthur S. Flem- ming, secretary of the U. S. De- partment of Health, Education and Welfare announced at a press conference some shipments of cranberries from the West Coast were believed to be contaminated by treatment of bogs with Amino- triazole. This, picked up by news- papers, radio and Television threw the market and the cranberry in- dustry into turmoil. Cancellations of orders followed imm.ediately on the news of Mr. Flemming-'s statement. As of Nov- ember 6 Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. handling approximately 75 percent of the total production was about 30 percent ahead of 1958 in fresh sales and other dis- tributors were also ahead in spite of a late start in shipmient due to late ripening of the crop in Massachusetts and some other arefs. Ocean Spray was also com- ing close to selling 6,000,000 case^ of procesed goods from Nov. 1, 1C58 to Nov. 1 of this year. That was about 10 pei-cent greater than any previous year in sales' history. Various segments of the cran- berry industry, and others out- side the industry immediately went into action, to preserve the mar- ket, most important of all at this season of the year just prior to Thanksgiving. Less than half the fresh crop was probably in hands of consum'ers. Television showed some super markets taking fresh cranberries off their shelves. Ambrose E. Stevens, general manager and executive vice presi- dent of Ocean Spray imroiediately r?'^"S'^d the following statement: "First, we can state that to the best of our knowledge all cran- berries in groceries and super- markets today are pure and whole- some and untainted by any danger- ous substance. "Second, we are shocked that the United States Government has made public what we consider an ~ inflammatory statement concern- ing possible contamination of cran- berries by a weed killer approved by the Department of Agriculture. This comes surprisingly at a time when we had already taken pre- cautionai'y measures to prevent any allegedly contaminated pro- ducts from reaching the house- wife. "This had been a matter of a cooperative discussion between the food and drug administration and ourselves since mid-summer. Any crop suspected of contamination has already been isolated from the market. Moreover, on Sept. 18 all Ocean Spray growers were in- structed to discontinue any use whatsoever of the amino-triazole compound. "The "plan" referred to in the government statement to separate and destroy any contaminated crops has already been put into effect. We are just as much in- terested as the government in the welfare of the millions of people w^o eat cranberries. "Finally, we are prepared to f'estroy any pax*t or all of our 1959 crop should research indicate th? presence of any amino-triazole. "In view of our sincere actions in the public interest, we can only deplore this attempt to create head- lines at the expense of the con- fidence of the American people." At approximately 7:15 (E.S.T.) ■-^n the morning of the holiday, A-.-TTo'stice Day, Mr. Stevens ap- peared on the Dave Garroway show "Todas?^," in defense of Ocean Spray berries as against contam- ination. Also appearing were Com- missioner George P. Larricks of Food & Drug Administration, and Dr. Boyd Schaffer of American Cyanamid Company, one of two firms which produces amino-tria- zole. At Wareham Mass. the Beaton Distributing Comipany and Decas Brothers both shut down their packing plants as on Nov. 10th orders were cancelled. Anthony Briggs. assistant to president Mel- ville C. Beaton, declared there was nothing else to do Mathout orders. "The situation really is disastrous," he stated. He said the Beaton firm had affadavits from its growers they had used ro amino on their bogs. Even President Eisenhower re- ceived at least two telegrams re- "■arding the urgency of the cran- berry crisis. One was from Con- gressman Hastings Keith, of West ^>ridff-ewater, Mass. in whose dis- trict the bulk of the Massachusetts cranberry crop is grown. This was dated November 12 and fol- lows: "Conflicting views regarding edibility of cranberries are held by high governiruental officials. Resultant confusion ' on part of consumers is wrecking industry ?nd economy of many towns of Southeastern Massachusetts. While protection of public is paramount, it closely follows that public should be equally protected from concern which may be totally un- necessaiy. Secretary Flemming, whether rightly or wrongly, has seriously dan^aged confidence of the public in an ■ imiportant agri- cultural product. To resolve ques- tion in public mind I ux-gently request you name panel of tnedicai authorities to study problem and report to american public as promptly as possible. Those named should have' no direct connection with public health service or cran- berry industry." George C. P. Olsson, president of Ocean Spray also sent a wire to the President, and to Vice Presi- dent Nixon, Secretary of A-^-ricul- ture Ezra Taft Benson, plus gov- ernors, senators and congressmen of the five cranberry producing states. This urged themi tb ask authorities in Washinp'ton to grant a "fair hearing." The telegram .'■aid in part that Secretary Flem- ming's statement had "created panic among millions of Anif^rican housewives" and is resulting "in los of millions of dollars" to thousands of honest, hardworking Americans who make their liveli- hood from the cranberry business. Tests of cranberries were run by various scientists in various parts of the country to determine if there was any residue on cran- berries. There were glimpses of some of these tests on TV. Some reported that any traces of amino which might be found that a person would have to eat imlpos- sible quantities to cause any pos- sible injurious effects. The Wisconsin State Journal reported that Wisconsin-grovni cranberries are entirely free of the residue of amino-triazole, ac- cording to tests run by two Uni- versity of Wisconsin professors, these being Dr. Malcolm N. Dana and Dr. George Klingbeil. both known to the cranberry industry. Secretary of Agriculture Ben- son was shown on TV saying he had eaten cranberries the Sunday before the Flemming statement and would eat them again on Thanksgiving. The New Jersey Farm Bueau was quoted as saying it would seek Government payment to growers for sales lost as a result of the controversy. The "rash un- necessary scare statemient," was criticized. Secretary Flemming came into some bitter comiment by members of Congress from states \vhich pro- duce cranberries. These were quoted from coast to coast, Wash- ington State to Massachusetts. Eleven Senator Neubergei- (D. Ore.) was reported as drafting a bill to authorize Government purchase of non-contaminated cranlberries of the cun-ent crop. He said this would cost Uncle Sam less than $15,000,000 and he recalled the Goviernment had bought crariber- ries before .... Representative Thomas N. Pelley of Washington was reported as saying he would demand a full investigation of the "cranberry m^ess," wihen Con- gress convenes in January .... Vice President Nixon was i-eported as eating four helpings of Wis- consin cranberry sauce in Wis- consin. A Massachusetts retailer of cranberries for more than 40 yefrs continued to buy cranbei-ries and gave them away to customers. There were reportedly no refus- ers. Grocery chains were reported making their own chemical checks of cranberries in stock. Nexer had cranberries received so much nublicitv, millions of dol- lars worth — of the wrong kind. There were confusing and often conflicting page one headline stories and comments on TV. A break appeared to have come in news on the 14th when there were reports that Flemming had cleared New England and Wisconsin ber- ries. But the followinp- d^v t'^e^p w^ere fresh headlines that Wiscon- sin berries were a new target and there were reports of a tainted lot of frozen berries from Wisconsin Rapids. Bandon, Oregon growers were reported around and fig'hting back, this news appearing in East- ern newspapers. IStatements were issued by Dr. C. E. Cross, director of Massachu- setts Cranberry Experiment St--- tion, Dr. John Lillv, and Dr. Wil- liam B. Esselen of the Universitv of Massachusetts to the general affect that there was no reason why Massachusetts (.T.n,^N„.....-„™ should not be consumed, as usual. On the 14th a nine-hour meet- ing was held at Ocean Spray, Hanson, Mass. attenHor^ hv --^"^-^ directors of Ocean Spray, inde- pendent distributors of M^'^sachu- setts, Representative Keith, who helped arrange a meeting with Elemming at Washington, Novem- ber 18th, Carleton I. Picket, exe-u- Uve secretary of Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation. D". Cross and others. This was to draw up plans for the Washington meeting of the 18th. Stevens said he had been in communication with independent distributors of nthe- areas and had been assured the industry plan drawn un had the support of miore than 95 per- cent of all distributors. Also tak- ing part was Orrin G. Colley, Ply- Twelv9 mjouth, president of the Cranberry Institute. In Wisconsin Governor Nelson immediately appointed a commit- tee "to determine all the available facts as to the purity and health- fulness of Wisconsin cranberries.'' IMembers named included Dr. John Eirdsall, Wisconsin Alumni Re- seaich Foundation, Dr. Carl Neu- port, stats 'health officer. Dr. Dana, and Dr. Klingbeil, Ernest L. Chambers, chief of plant in- dustry, state department of agii- fulture, John Potter, Richard Brazeau Indian Trail Inc., Wis- consin Rapids, Vernon Golds- worthy, Cranberry Products, Eagle River. To the 15th only three contam- inated shipments had been re- ported uncovered by Federal re- searchers: one from North Bend, Oregon, one from Coquille, Ore- ^■on and the one from Wisconsin Rapids. Senator John Kennedy, Mass- rehusetts, who drank cranberry juice in Wisconsin durinf^ the opening of the controversy, called for "quick action to help prevent main of the cranberiy industry." Sunday, the 15th President 01s- ?on of Ocean Spray wired Presi- dent Eisenhower requestim; the chief executive declare Massachu- setts, Wisconsin, New Jersev, Ore- gon and Washins-ton disaster areas. He said "initial losses h'^^' already run into millions and eventually will run over S100,00C,000." He es^'imnted the c^'anberrv in- dustry used onlv 25 pei'cpnt '"f the chemical involved, while the other 75 pprc^nt i^ n^'^d by otbe^s in the field of agriculture. On that samie day a thousand gallons of cranberry juice was consumed during a party at Ply- mouth, Massachusetts a+ a r-^^'ty sponsored by Radio Station WP- TM. Police estimated the throng cit from 7,000 to 10,0C0. The Grand Union Company, v'ith 451 stores on the East Coast was reported Nov. 16 as restoring 60,000 cans to its shelves , rtcr c'".emical tests. On t'^e 16th it was r'^voited from Washin"'ton thnt ■•■'^'^ h^ad of Food and Drug Adn^in'st'-a- tion, Dr. George P. T a>-v'"k sa'd the incidence of contamination in c"an^«err}ns wa" "auite lo'"." Tests on 202 lots of cranberries had found 199 safe. He said a pattern was beginning to emerge. He is reported as saying the public should have no cause for concern (ran m eatmg cranberries from batch^p declared safe. On the 17th, announcement ws made at Boston by the Massachi setts Department of Public Healt that, after exahustive tests, Masi achusetts cranberry products ai free of contamination. The ai nouncement was made by Commii sioner Frenchette, that inspectoi' had obtained representati\ amounts of fresh cranberries froi the 1959 crop, frozen cranberrie cranberry juice cocktail, cranbei ^^ ry juice concentates, and crai berry sauce. Processed produc include fruit from both the cui rent pack and that of 1958. "A samples were free from contamii ation,'' was the statement. Up to November 18th, the da ri" the public hearing in Wasl ington, the Food and Drug ha tested 440 samples of cranberrie and only two more contaminate lots had been found, making total of five. These were anothe rni*" from Wisconsin and on from Washington, none fror. Massachusetts or New Jersey. The Atlantic & Pacific chain o] food stores, one of those which hai removed stocks, began the sam day to restore these stocks to it shelves in cities and towns wher the berries had been inspecte and found safe. Restaurants were reported a returning cranberries to thei r"enus, and especially for Thanks giving. The Government, and in partic "icii- Welfare Secretary Arthur S Fiemmins-. was urged at the No^ T8th public hearing in Washing ton on the cranberrv marketin; cr'si?. to immediatelv issue .statement that cranberries now i PTOceries are completely whole 0 294 4 8 11 Pond in Wareham 1.0 146 182 178 160 26 60 19 Bog in Wareham Same near dike 1.6 1.0 760 770 390 390 17 28 BluebeVries Lake in Dennis 1620 250 880 78 94 42 28 28 12 440 * Sea water ;woiild have about 1950 mg. of Chlorine per 100 ml. (3). ** Some of the figures are an average of four or more determinations over a year's time, while some represent only one sample. On 9/3, blueberry patch was 810 and lake 930. Six of the water in the bog had dropped considerably. The Bourne pond with a max- imum depth of 25 feet, has no streams entering it, and has only one outlet, which is through the bog. Water samples were taken from the surface to the bottom at two-foot intervals. These samples showed a stratification of the water with more chlorine in the bottom layer for the first three samplings. The first study. 10/25/54, showed the high chlo- rine layer was over 14 feet below the surface, and the difference between the top and the bottom layers was greated than in later years. This was before the big fall turnover of the pond. Another study made in the winter, 2/9/55, after the first turnover, showed the layer with abundant chlorine to be over 16 feet below the sur- face. The third study was made 8/10/55 after two turnovers, and this showed the salty layer to be over 18 feet below the surface. After three turnovers, 1/26/56, there was no significant differ- ence from the top to the bottom of the pond, while the quantity of chlorine in the top had decreased only slightly or not at all from the previous year. (See Table 2). Two years later, February 1958, the chlorine content was about 72 nig. per 100 ml. of water, or about half the amount found in January 1956. In January 1959, the chlorine was about one-third of the amount of the previous January at all levels. In 1958, tiie rainfall was unusually high and may have caused a greater de- crease in salt than other years. The property damage from Hur- ricane Carol to cranberry bog owners ranged from nothing to S162, averaging $135 per acre. In addition to property damage, there was berry loss up to 40 barrels per acre (Table 3). The property damage and loss of berries came from the mechanical force of the hvater or the sand that it moved. Vines were also injured by the toxic property of the salt water, particularly in depressions wher? the water lingered. The amount of injury from salt water seemed to be related to various factors: Vines that had been harvested or otherwise disturbed (weeding, sanding, etc.) before submergence were more seriously injured than those which were not. If drainage was good, less vine injury resulted; newly-set vines were injured more than old, and newly-set vines which had been disturbed were injured much more than undisturbed vines. Samples fi'om several bogs seem to associate serious vine injury with a low organic-matter content and low percentage of fine sand in a soil (Table 4). One blueberry plantation show- ing considerable damage was studied and found to have a high salt content. The chlorine in this location has been slow to leach out. A vegetable gi-ower whose farm was flooded had a six-foot deep water hole in which the water was stratified. When salty layer on the bottom was pumped out and discarded, the hole soon filled with fresh ground water. Tidewater has penetrated a num- ber of bogs in New Jersey, Mass- achusetts and Oregon (13). This contamination usually arose from faulty tide gates on the drainage end of the bog which permitted very high tides to push brackish water into the ditches and, some- times, onto the bog surface. One bog in New Jersey had brackish Table 2 Milligrams of Chlorine per 100 Milliliters of Water in Pond in Bourne Sampled Depth 10/25/54 2/9/55 8/10/55 1/26/56 2/4/58 1/2/59 0 181 70 139 138 68 25 2 181 144 142 146 70 26 4 - 136 140 140 70 24 6 178 156 143 152 72 25 8 - 158 141 146 70 26 10 - 152 148 140 74 25 12 173 148 142 140 74 24 14 199 160 152 148 72 24 16 330 178 148 146 76 23 18 368 256 152 144 76 25 20 436 308 252 144 80 26 22 - 310 232 152 76 26 24 466 314 302 140 - 25 25 - - - 148 - - Table 3 Estimated Property Damage from Hurricane Carol Bog A B (.., D E Dike repair 250 30 20 Ditch cleaning 20 8 15 Bog cleaning 100 200 Vine setting 25 25 Pump house repair 36 Motor repair 170 Boxes, etc. 90 12 Total 485 263 648 253 Acres 4 2 4 2 V/z Value of berries lost 1500 750 300 0 250 ^Expenses not itemized Seven water twice every day for a num- ber of years with no ill effectb. If the salt did damage, it was off- set by the changing of the soil air twice a day. One bog in Mass- achusetts had a sump hole for sprinkler irrigation which was a widened and deepened part of the center drainage ditch. Noting that the vines were dying near the joints of the sprinkler pipe and below the heads in the sprinkler line, it was found that tidewater had seeped into the sump hole and the bottom had 230 to 750 mg. of chlorine per 100 ml., or from about 1/9 to nearly 1/3 of the chlorine of sea water. This sea nt\ Table 4 Milligrams of Chlorine per 100 grams of soil, percent loss on ignition -and percent passing a 60 mesh sieve by bog locations, and depth within the bog. Depth % loss on % Passed Bog Vines Sample mg .Cl/lOOg. ignition 60 mesh no A-1 d'amage top 3" 7.64 3.20 11.9 evident 6-9" 9.95 1.24 12.2 all brown A-2 some dry. top '3" 1.54 1.10 9.1 some not 6-9" .41 .92 8.6 A-3 old vines brown top 3" 6-9" 2.15 .83 2.22 1.27 8.8 B-1 green top 2" 4-6" 34.9 26.5 4.54 3.74 21.5 32.4 C-1 green top 4-6" 4.95 9.58 ln?t 30.6 19.7 Table 5 Milligrams of Chlorine per 100 in a saline bog where vines had ?rrams of soil been killed. from different depths Depth in feet mg. of chh anno 1.0 1.5 2.7 2.9 8.2 52 72 160 130 72 Table 6 PH of Water Samples and millisrrams of chlorine per 100 milliliters of water Location PH mg. chlorine per 100 ml. Pond (check Reservoir above sniine pection Ditch above problem section Ditch in problem section Hole dug in problem section 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.8 3.3 0.93 .93 1.72 3.7 73.2 water contamination occurred witl two tide gates, which shows tha they must be watched and kep clean. Generally there is litth damage to bogs as most of th< tidewater is in the ditch. Saline soils generally develo] under arid or semi-arid conditiom (11). However, when bogs are pu under water early in the fall aiu the water is drawn off late in th< spring, the leaching of the soil it similar to that of an arid region The average precipitation at Eas Wareham for the months of Jum through October, when the bogs would be di'ained, is 19,31 inches (ranging from 12 - 27 inches). A dead area of a bog in Mass achusetts on which about three square rods of vines had died, was called to the attention of the authors, but no clues to the trouble could be found for some months. One dry day, crystals were seen on the surface which showed high chlorine content when tested qual- itatively. Rain showers removed the crystals from the surface and it was noted that there was a gelatinous scum over the soil which prevented the water from penetrating and washing the salt down. Examination of this soil by Putala (10) showed iron oxidizing bacteria, Chlamydobacteriaceae, which produced thick pectic cell walls. About this time. Dr. Erkki Kivinen of Finland visited the location and said similar saline soils had been found in other temperate regions. Analysis for chlorine showed the salt content to be very high on the surface, and much lower a foot below the surface. The salt then increased with depth to about 2^^ to 4 feet and then decreased (See Table 5). When collecting samples at the various depths, shells were found and the soil had the appearance and odor of clam flats, although there is no known record of this section having been under water or having been flooded by a hurri- cane. Water samples collected in the reservoirs and suiTounding ditches showed the presence of chlorine to be very local (See Table 6). Upon checking manage- Eight iment practices, it was learned that this bog was kept very wet during the growing season and the water was put over the surface early in the fall. It was suggested that ditches be dug in the bog and/or tube drains installed, also that the surface be kept broken to permit percolation and, further, that the bog be exposed to as much rain and snow as possible. The bog has improved and now is vined in, about 20 acres which appeared to be on the verge of loss having recovered. Another bog with a similar problem appears to be associated with a chemical dump, so that the problem is due to a sulfide or sul- fate rather than a chloride. The latter appears to be similar to acid saline soils reported by Kivinen (8). Harmer (6) has shown that cabbage, kale and kohlrabi are benefited by 100 to 200 pounds of salt per acre, celery may be bene- fited by applications up to 750 pounds per acre and (5 & 7) that applications up to 500 to 1000 lbs. of salt are beneficial for beet crops on muck soils. Purvis and Brill (9) reported a growth re- sponse with salt on beets and no injury up to 14,000 parts per million; bean leaves however, showed injury although the pods were not injured by 3500 ppm. Similar figures for cranberries are not available, but for many years the weed chart (2) has been recommending the use of 150 to 200 pounds of salt per acre as a spray. The late Dr. Bezanson of Nova Scotia used 300 pounds of salt per acre, applied as a spray, to control weeds and felt encour- aged at the end of the second year (4). The best way to decrease the amount of salt in soils is to pro- vide a good drainage and irrigate frequently over the surface (7, 11 and 12). For soil used for othor than cranberry or blueberry pro- duction, Steckel (12) suggests using gypsum. Literature Cited 1. A.O.A.C. Official and tenta- tive methods of analysis of the association of official agriculturaj chemists. 6th Ed. 1945. 2. Cranberry Weed Control Chart issued annually by the Ex- tension Service in Massachusetts. 3. Gilbert, F.C. and W.C. Gilpin. Production of magnesia from sea water and dolomite. Research 4: 348-353. 1951. 4. Hall, C. J. Nova Scotia Physician-Surgeon, a Leading- Cranberry Grower. Cranberries 20, No. 11:12. March 1956. 5. Harmer, Paul M. The muck soils of Michigan. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Special Bui. 314. 1941. 6. Harmer, Paul M. The notri- tion of muck crops. Better Crops with Plant Food. October 1952, p. 6-11, 40, November 1952, 6-12, 40-41. 7. Harmer, Paul et al. Factors affecting crop response to sodium applied as common salt on Michi- gan muck soil. Soil Science 76: 1-17, 1953. 8. Kivinen, Erkki. On acid saline soils or sulfate soils. National Academy of Science (India), Vol. 24, Sec. A, Part V. 1955. 9. Purvis, E. R. and G. D. Brill, Crop tolerance to irrigation with brackish water. Unpublished data (Dec. 1958) from New Jersey A.E.S. 10. Putala, Eugene. Professor, Uni. of Mass. Correspondence 1952. 11. Richards, L. A. Saline and Alkali soils. Agricultural Hand- book No. 60. U.S.D.A., p. 160. Washington, D.C. 1954. 12. Steckel, Joseph E. News Re- lease, Extension Service, Univ. of Mass. Salt water may wreck eastern lawns, fields. Sept. 3, 1954. 13. Woods, Jack H., Leroy War- ner and W. L. Powers. Water and nutrients relations for cran- berries. Mimeo. p. 10. Oregon State College. 19'50. MASS. STATION STAFF ASSISTING All members of the Massachu- setts Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion staff were authorized the first week in December to assist any grower or shipper in the current crisis. Authorization came from the Boston District Office of Food and Drug Administration. While no analysis of samples of fruit could be done at or by the Station, staff members assisted growers in taking samples accord- ing to the approved method for analysis at any testing laboratory they selected. The program was one of "speed-up." DEY' KEA CORN SYRUP FOR CRANBERRY PACKIN6 Retains full natural flaver without overwhelming sweeinmi ^ CORN PRODUCTS COMI»ANY 17 Battery Plaec, New York 4, N. Y. r Mani^etia-eFS of fine products for the food mdnitey . . . and these popular grocery brands for the co»»ai MAZOLA® corn oil • KARO® syrops • BOSCO® cheooloJe NIAGARA® instant starch • UNIT® dry snd liquid starches • KA9CO* 4m0 tm4 NUSOFT* fabric softener rinse • AROO® c»n» ond fUu jtwi^ii Nine Philip H. Gibbs Of South Carver Massachusetts, Third Generation Grower Is Now First Vice President of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association by Clarence J. Hall A third generation grower is Philip H. Gibbs of South Carver, Massachusetts, who last summer was elected first vice president of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. "I don't expect to make a million dollars growing cranberries," he says, " but I intend to stay in the business as long as I can make a living." Philip is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Homer G. Gibbs, the former ii well-known grower and one-time president of New England Cranberry Sales Company, now defunct. He operates about 84 acres in all, for himself and his father and uncle, Ruel S. Gibbs, also a former president of N. E. Sales and a widely-known grower. He is the grandson of the late Samuel Gibbs of South Carver, an important earlier grower. Philip was born October 25, 1922 in Wareham, attending Wareham High School and being- graduated in 1940. After that he attended Bowdoin College at Bruns- wick, Maine for two years, taking a general course, consisting mostly of science studies. In Merchant Marine From 1942 to 1946 inclusive, during the Second World War he was in the U. S. Merchant Marine. His trips were mostly to England, but he was also on the West Coast and made a voyage to the Mariania Islands. The ships carried general cargo. He entered the Merchant Marine as ordinary Seaman. When discharged he was a third mate. Brought up in a cranberry-grow- ing family, it was natural he should turn to cranberry work — he had worked on the family bogs summers and at odd times since he was 14. In Charge Since 1954 The bogs he operates are in three sections, and he has been in charge since 1954. The largest unit is the Weweantic River bogs, consisting of 34 acres, in South Carver in part, but mostly in adjacent Wareham. He is one half owner, his father a quarter and his uncle a one-quarter owner. Another unit is the so called "Home Bogs," near the residence of his father, these consisting of 20 acres and owned by his father. The third is Old Tuck in Roches- ter, 30 acres, owned by Ruel Gibbs. Average Production 3.000 The bogs are set about half and half, Early Blacks and Late Howes, but with the earlies somewhat predominating. Production aver- age is approximately 2900-3000 barrels. Weweantit bogs and the Home bogs are flowed from the Wewean- tit River, mostly by gravity, but with some pumping and the Home properties mostly by pumping. Phil does his own frost work, having 20 flumes to take care of on a frost night. He believes in i-unning the bogs as dry "as they will stand." He says he believes he gets "better and sounder berries; the practice discourages weed growth and I think there is less trouble with insects." He carries on a program of sanding when needed, applying the sand with the old method of wheelbarrow and plank, when the distance is not more than 200 feet. I think we get out of it cheaper that way." For greater distances he uses a jalopy. "Then the jalopy method is the less costly." In weed control he has practiced ;>. lot of mowing and done consider- able kerosening in spring. Experience In Marketing As well as being a grower he 'has experience in the marketing end. For two years, 1949-50 he was at the Chicago store of the late American Cranberry Exchange, one year being on the road and the other at the store. This gave him some insight into marketing which many growers do not have. Phil, of course, is a member of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, and the Southeastern Massachusetts Cranberry club. He is a member of the Community Associates of Wareham 'and of the Mr. and Mrs. Club of Wareham Congregational Church. With Mrs. Gibbs, the former Jean OBrion of Portland, Maine, the couple live in the Sam Gibbs property at South Carver. They have four daughters, Deborah, 10, Hilarie, 9, Christy, 5, and Victoria Ann, 3. For relaxation he practices car- pentry, working at making or re- pairing chairs, cupboards, and so forth in a workshop at his home. There is a big screenhouse at the Weweantit bogs, but packing is not done there any longer, but at Ocean Spray plant at Onset, the fruit of the properties now being marketed through that co- operative. MASS. EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE MEETS A meeting of the State Cran- berry Advisory and Planning Com- mittee was held December 2 at Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- ment Station. There was an ex- tremely large attendance in view of the current crisis, with cran- berry club officers, grower^ and members of the University of Massachusetts staff present. J. Richard Beattie, Extension Cran- berry Specialist conducted the session. This is the annual session in December which lays out the edu- cation program of Extension for the year to come, topics to be dis- cussed at club meetings and clinics. Much of the meeting was, natural- ly, taken up with current debacle and how best to meet the situation. How best to cut costs and econ- omize, during the coming growing season, with presumably lowered income from this year's marketing was discussed at length. Emphasis will be placed on economy. fen UP HILL FIGHT (Continued From Page One) Flemming who "accepted" a "double helping" from his wife, according to the AP. Western World of Bandon, Ore- gon reported the 26th that local harvesting was being continued as the harvesting season neared an end but no more fresh Ocean Spray berries were being put on the market; the late berries were being put into freezers. No fur- ther shipments were made after word came from Washington, D. C. that the cooperative had voluntarily impounded all Wash- ington and Oregon berries. The World aiso reportea Frank McKennon, director of the Oregon department of agriculture as branding the labeling of cran- berries as nonsense. He said his department would not require labels on berries sold on the Oregon market. All Oregon berries which had been shipped prior to the Ocean Spray stop order had been cleared through official inspection, it was reported. At Wareham, Massachusetts Decas Bros, distributors who had shut down on November 10' were making shipments for Thanks- giving and the later market, some small orders coming in. They had three women placing tested labels on individual fresh pound pack- ages and the same number pack- ing. The cranberries which had been impounded by Ocean Spray in the Pacific Northwest would be tested. Any containing any amino-triazole residues would be destroyed and the good ones moved to market later it was reported. The daily headlines and com- ments on television had simmored down to practically nothing after Thanksgiving. Cranberry growers and workers on the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington however "made" Life magazine. These in- cluded harvest scenes and among those pictured were Ed Nort, Al- bert Kary, Alvin Koski, Armis Patans, Art Kary. Secretary of Agriculture Benson suggested that surplus berries might be purchased for Federal school lunches, as they )were cleared. Confusion continued to be general as to the future of much of the 1959 crop. Would orders come in for the Christmas market and later, and how much shrink- age would there be in storage? The case of cranberries brought out into the open the problem of the growing number of chemically- treated foods. This includes addi- tives to many products. Over the past year it was re- ported more than 16,000,000 pounds of unfit and contaminated foods have been seized by FDA over the country. Inspectors work out of 17 regional offices around the coun- try, with some 450 analysists con- stantly making checks on food, drugs and cosmetic products. On November 27 Ocean Spray in its weekly price list to the trade announced that "All individual one-pound packages of Ocean Spray cranberries now being shipped from Wisconsin and Mass- achusetts will have a tag stating 'Certified safe under plan ap- proved by the U. S. Government, signed Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.' " Northwest berries had al- ready been impounded for testing and apparently the chemical was not commercially used on any New Jersey fruit. Ocean Spray plants across the country with the exception of the main plant at Hanson, Massachu- setts, were shut down the first week of December. These included Onset, Mass.; Markham, Washing- ton, and North Chicago plants. Also that at Bordentown, New Jersey. Reason given was that there were sufficient inventories in the market in view of the-siinall orders, with the exceptionr pfri'some fresh fruit orders. >;,■ vX' On December 2' fo6d trade news release from Ocean Spray announ- ced that' its marketing division was pursuing the-: plan as released by Food and Drug Administration and was working with the trade closely in setting up a program for Christmas business. It was putting together a special campaign of advertising for this purpose. H. Drew Flegal, director of advertising said the first period of the year promotion will con- tinue as usual, starting in Jan- uary "as part of our 'unchanged policy to maintain sale^ of Ocean Spray cranberries 12 months of the year." Meanwhile' the full- color magazine campaign on "The Natural Mate for Every Meat," continues in Ladies Home Journal, McCalls, Good Housekeeping, Better Homes & Gardens, Amer- ican Home and Sunset magazines. In Wisconsin there was a little activity the first of December. Berries were reported as holding up well in storage, with but little end rot. Naturally there was shrinkage going on. Members of the Indian Trail group met HAVE A WONDERFULLY HAPPY CHRISTMAS GOOD SLEDDING SEASONS GREETINGS ^^ ^^^ '^^'^ * Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM CYpress 5-0200 - PLYMOUTH Pilgrim 6-1300 ?^li,^&g3^^Si§jgif§j:&(Sj-Sjgjgrlj§*^§-{§}§}SES5lr§iS^ Eleven December first to discuss the general situation and to attempt plans for the future. Dr. George L. Peltier was appearing on tele- vision presenting the true story and attempting to allay the hysteria. The cranberry industry will spend more than ever to promote Christmas sales this year the Wis- consin Governor's Cranbei-ry Mar- keting Committee was told Decem- ber 2 at Madison. This committee recommended that Wisconsin State agencies use more cranbeiries in state institutions, if possible. It also suggested State agricultural promotion programs for greater use of cranberries. Robert Lewis, Gov. Nelson's agricultural advisor said the Marketing Committee plans to look into the whole ques- tion of federal aid, purchase of surplus berries and the possibility of emergency credit. Richard Brazeau, part owner of Indian Trail and its counsel asked the committee to explore the pos- sibility of having the State Agri- cultural Department certify the amount of berries the Wisconsin industry might have to dump. In New Jersey, Congressm.en, including Senator Clifford P. Case and Representatives Frank Thomas Jr. and Milton W. Glenn have been active in behalf of Jersey growers. This was sparked in part by let- ters from Philip E. Marucci, sec- retary of American Cranbei'ry Growers' Association. Cranberry Products, Inc. of Wis- consin is not closed down, nor intending to. It is working with a small crew with the inventory it has. It still anticipates paying its growers the agreed $10.00 per barrel. Cranberry Institute has set up an emergency office at South Dux- bury, Massachusetts. This will be a clearing house for information and for promotion. Orrin G. Colley, president, is in charge with a full- time secretary and telephones in- stalled. The number is Wellington 4-5666. READ CRANBERRIES Twelve Mass. Growers Suggest Action By Congress Large Attendance Hears Panel in Meeting Spon- sored by Cape Cod Grovsr- ers* Association — Seek Government Indemnity for Surplus. That the cranl)erry industry will be forced to carry its fight for any indemnity through loss of sales due to the amino-triazole residue scare to Congress was a principal development at the mass meeting called by Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association at Wareham Memorial Town hall December 14. It also developed that the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture is putting on a strenuous campaign in behalf of the growers to restore consumer confidence in cranben-ies. The matter of aid from Congress was first brought up by George C. P. Olsson, president of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., w'hich handles 75 percent of the total crop and who, on Nov. 14, was elected industiy spokesman. He said "We must have a bill in Congress to take up the slack between what cranberries we sell and what will become surplus." He called on the growers to indi- cate by show of hands their sup- port of this and the show was all- but-unanimous. Representative Hastings Keith of West Bridgewater and Ware- ham, who has been very active in the cranberry controversy, said Olsson had asked him to file a bill. "Of course you would like to get restitution," he said. "I am walling to do what the industry wants me to do. I don't guarantee anything, we are a small industi-y-" He then went on to explain how he was forming a Congressiona cranberry committee. He said there were already 11 members of Con- gress who had told him they were willing to serve on such a commit- tee. The meeting was a packed one, with cranberry growers and others from all over the Southeastern Massachusetts cranberi-y-growing area, including one grower from Wisconsin, Bert Leisure of Mani towish Waters. The audience, esti- mated at about 600, almost fillec the floor of the auditorium. Session had been called, pres: dent Gilbert T. Beaton of Ware- ham explained, for the main pur- pose of bringing cranberry growergj up-to-date on what was being don^ in their behalf. There was a nant of five speakers, Olsson, KeithI Orrin G. Colley, president of Cran-[ berry Institute, and Dr. Chestei E. Ci'oss, director of Massachu-j setts Cranberry Experiment Stal tion. plus G. Chester Freemai chief. Food Distribution Division U. S. D. A., who came up especial Iv from Washington for the meet ing. Throughout the meeting, b; all speakers, there was much criti cism of Arthur S. Flemming, se cretary of Health Welfare, an( S? I? r.: S? S? Said the World's darkness, O God, we see a star ^vhich will give us hope and guide us on our way. Our days are troubled 'with the portents of despair, and the counsels of men have increased our anguish. Turn us from ourselves, lift our vision beyond our earthly empire, and let the day spring from on high on us^ If the pilgrimage be long, sustain us by Thy strength until yve ate made strong in the innocence of Bethlehem's child. Samuel H. Miller R. F. MORSE & SON I West Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-1553 Education, who "broke" the bad news concerning rats treated with amino, developing cancer, on Nov. 9, and also against Food and Drug Administration, and its chief George P. Larrick. The date was referred to as "black Monday", "blue Monday", and "F" Day. Freeman was the main speaker. He declared the United State De- partment of Agriculture was as distressed about the situation as were the cz-anberry growers. "We will do what we can to help you," he said. (He said Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson had directed his division to get together with all divisions of the U. S. D. A. and attempt to help the Thanksgiving and Christmas market for cran- berries. "It is a real challenge for the food industry to re-establish con- fidence in cranberries in the minds of the public." he said. He told how the U. S. D. A. is inow reaching the food industry, urging the promotion of cranber- ries and that the response has been excellent from all over the country. He told of response from big chains. He told of fact sheets going out to the press, particularly the food trade press, to editors and food writers. He said the U.S.D.A. has information centers in five of the principal cities of the country and these offices are busy at- tempting to restore confidence. The U.S.D.A. is working also through Extension Service and Home In- formation Service. He added the U.S.D.A. was ready to meet with the industry again at any time after the first of the year when it was seen how the hristmas market had gone over. In reply to a question in the question and answer period, Bea- ;on declared fresh fruit sales were ^ery poor, but canned sales were )etter. The only market which is ?ood is ths Canadian. He esti- nated there might be a surplus )f 750,000 to 900,000 barrels left >ver out of an estimated crop of ,249,000 barrels. Money value is stimated at $30,000,000. _ Colley, Olsson and Keith re- "iewed the trips made to Washing- on, mostly without positive re- sults. Olsson told how, when the ndustry had learned the ill-fated .nnouncement by Flemming was 0 be made, he had nleaded with ''lemming to give the industry 48 r even 24 hours in which to pre- ent its side of the case before he press conference was held and he news of residue on some cran- erries was released. He said Flemming refused to do his, but would limit his remarks 3 fruit from Oregon and Wash- ington. But at the conference when asked how consumers could tell these uerries from those of Wis- consm, Massachusetts and Jersey, he was at a loss to answer and "Thus put under suspicion all cranberries." He told how he had gotten in touQh with medical authorities, particularly Dr. Charles Astwood, chief medical officer at Tvifts Uni- versity, and told how he gave the chemical amino-triazole to pa- tients for treatment of thyroid gland trouble. He said the industry had an array of medical men ready to testify that no human could be injured by the amount of residue, and would have to eat impossible amounts of cranberries to be in any possible danger. He paid high tribute to the ef- forts of Keith, Senators Leverett Saltonstall and John F. Kennedy m attempting to help the industry. He told how Flemming and Lar- lick had broken or delayed en- gagements with the cranberry dele- gations. "We were given the run- around, the brush-off,*' he said. Colley told how Cranberry Insti- tute had been re-activated, through its four directors, Marcus M. Ur- ann, Gilbert T. Beaton, Vernon Goldsworthy of Wisconsin and himself. The Institute is now in a position to act as liaison and com- munications center to develop closer integration of activities of all segements of the industry. He told of establishing an office at South Duxbury. He said the Institute recom- mended the investigation by Con- gress of testing procedures of the FDA seizures and destruction processes and manner of publish- ing findings and action, and that steps be taken immediately by May your Yuletide be gaily festooned with many hours of high happiness .... bright with good cheer . . . rich in love and good fel- lowship. Pood and Drug Administration and U.S.D.A. to reassure the consumer, whose confidence in cranberries as a food had been shaken, to restore this loss confidence in the cran- berry industry. He said he hoped the Cape Growers' Association would be- come more active and that addi- tional meetings would be desirable. He said that in Washington the delegates had come to know a good many dedicated men, but at the same time many who apparently feel they must carry out dubious theories with unreasoning zeal. "We have been told that the main motive was the expressed resolve to protect the American consumer from contaminated cranberries. Nevertheless we have also heard that behind the great cranberry scare is an interesting tale of poli- tics." At one point Olsson had said that Ocean Spray has engaged the services of the Arthur D. Little Company of Cambridge, testing laboratories and that hereafter all seizures by FDA will be chal- lenged in the testing methods. The office of Senator Saltonstall was represented by his legislative assistant, Jonathon Moore, who said the Senator had a prior en- gag-ement, but offered his contin- ued support. He said the cran- berry crisis would be carried to the White House itself. He said Food and Drug had been attempt- ing to evolve a new analysis tech- nique which is much faster and cheaper and this is going into ef- fect immediately. A telegram was read from Senator Kennedy. At one point in the meeting, it was brought out that the rats which developed cancer had not ^^Silil^ INTERNATIONAL Minerals and Chemical Corporation WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS « Thirteen been fed cranben-ies, but straight amino-triazole in enormous quan- tities. In questions and answers there was question as to what would be- come of the surplus. There was no definite answer, but it appeared evident the growers did not want this carried over into another year to create a permanent surplus such as the one the industry had just gotten rid of. iDr. Cross told of early experi- ments with the weed killer and declared that in the 1959 edition of "Current Therapy" under amino triazole, it says, "These herbicides or germicides are relatively non- toxic." He said he had positive proof in a letter that there had been agree- ment in the use of amino between Food and Drug and U.S.D.A. He said he told Flemming the cran- berry growers have followed the rules. "Food and Drug's own analy- tical work proves, in my opinion, the basic honesty and integrity of our farmers. Who are they kidding that the farmer is the chief weak- ness f" He took a look at the record — not one New Jersey grower has yet been listed by FDA, and in Mass- achusetts there were two seizures, both from shipments by the same grower. "In other words, one grow- er and only one of our 962 growers at present stands accused. This is a tribute to us." Percentagewise, the tainted ber- ries are 730 barrels out of 575,000 ban-els or 1/9 of 1 percent. (Na- tionwide the figure is reported as 1/3 of 1 percent. He concluded: "But any U. S. Administration that can sacrifice and disinherit law-abiding citizens m the way current officials have condemned our cranberry growlers, has departed a great distance from our traditional code of justice. To me this treatment at the hands of our own government is intolerable.' WEST COAST AMINO From Washington State it is reported that almost 10 percent of fresh cranberries tested by the State Agricultural Department in November and early December was tainted with amino triazole. This was announced by Director Joseph Dwyer. He said his department would continue its surveillance of berrios offered for sale in the State of Washington to determine that the food distributing industry is dis- charging its responsibility to the public. Work has resumed at the Mark- 'ham plant of Ocean Spray. One Fourteen line worked on a sizeable Gov- ernment order. Other employees wei-e processing considerable quan- tities of fresh cranberries which liad been cleared. This was early in December. In Oi-egon, according to Western World of Bandon, J. D. Patter- son, chemist for the Oregon De- partment of Agriculture said December 9th he had found no contamination of cranberries in that state. He said he had tested samples from all wholesale channels in Oregon. The Federal r'ood and Drug Administration had found some Oregon cran- berries tainted. Patterson's state- ment was made at a meeting of employees of the State Division of Foods and Dairies. group of businessmen and others who adopted the Cranberry High- way designation for a main route to Cape Cod. She was to be crowned by Miss Eleanor Stahura of Buzzards Bay, high school senior who was the "Miss Highway" of 1959. Little 7-year-old Jo Johnson of Buzzards Bay, the first "Highway Princess", was attendant. The Cranberry Highway Associ- ation through signs and other means has done considerable since its organization, to publisize cran- berries. Miss Cranberry Highway Crowned Miss Judy Keene of Onset, Massachusetts was to be crowned "Miss Cranberry Highway of 1960" December 19t.h at a Bourne, Massachusetts High School CODE Club pre-Christmas "Sparkle Spin" Ball. She was chosen at Edaville late last summer to represent this BEATTIE BEFORE KIWANIS CLUB J. Richard Beattie, extension specialist of Massachusetts Cran- berry Experiment Station was a speaker before New Bedford, Mass. Kiwanis Club Nov. 15th noon. His topic was the current cranberry marketing crisis from the point of view of the grower. There was large attendance and much interest expressed in the topic. Subscribe To Cranberries IP s? i I? a? 5? w w Merry Christmas May there be love and peace in your heart as you celebrate this joyous Christmas season! A thousand blessings upon you and all your family, now and always! BEATON'S DISTRIBUTING AGENCY Si It A ii ^ WAREHAM, MASS. % ttmsls ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1959 Vol 24 - No 8 Vf^^ ^^,o«<&tcB«e«he did against cranberries. He used such terms ' 'larsh, arbitrary, and impio treatment." Dr. Nash was an aid to Presi- dent Truman in the previous ad- ministration. At the conclusion of the meetir.^j the group voted a long resolution. This read that: 1. "Such advice was offered without conistitutional or legis- lative authority"; 2. Experiments leading to the denial of a permit for the weed killer weis not discussed in ope» hearing or given a fair evalua- tion required by law and custom, although the weed killer aminotria- zole had been cleared for post- harvest use; 13. The public was subjected t3 "panic and hysteria without a su" stantial basis in fact," the effect o' which deprived the public of cran berries for Thanksgiving and Christmas; 4. The secretary's action reduced the sale of Wisconsin cranberries to between 5 and 25 per cent of normal; 5. The effect of the secretary's labeling plan, "forced upon a prostrate industry, was to destroy confidence in cranberries; 6. The secretary's action plac- ed the burden of proof on the in- dustry "in contrast to the Ameri- can way of presuming innocence" until proven guilty; 7. "Aminotriazole is found na- turally in many human foods such as cabbage, turnips, broccoli and mustards, in amounts larger than those condemed by the Food and Drug Administration in cranber- ries; 8. "Both the public and the cran- berry growers have been left in the dark as to the reasons, if any. for this arbitrary and cruel blow to the cranberry industry," SHARON BOX COMPANY, INC. ESTABLISHKD 1K56 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We Will Buy Your White Pine Logs, Either Standing or Cut • Highest Prices Paid • Sawmill located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon. Sunset 4-2021 New Cape County Agent Manager (Continued From Page Eight) It was while engaged in this insurance work that he first vis- ited Cape Cod. In February of 1958 he went to Middlesex County, a huge county vdth considerable farming as 4-H agent. He is, it goes without saying, extremely interested in and fascinated by the possibilities of 4-H club work; what it has already accomplished and of its future. At present Mr. Knapp is mak- ing his home at Harwichport with his wife, Monica and two sons, Douglas, 7, and Richard, 3. He is a Mason and a member of Woi'cester County Farm Bureau which he will transfer to Cape Cod. He is also president of the Massachusetts 4-H Club Agents Association. For relaxation he likes to do wood working, repair- ing or making tables, chairs and such. As a new project Mr. Knapp started, in September, a monthly mimeographed paper which he calls "The Cape Cod Extension Reporter." This touches on many phases of Extension work, and will include agriculture and pre- sumably news of cranberry acti- vities. Already Knapp is considering if he can work up a 4-H cranberry project. He is considering the pos- sibility that cranberry growers on the Cape, that is fathers, might allot a half acre or an acre of bog to their sons giving them full charge. "This might stimulate younger people to gain an inter- est in cranberry growing," he says. A stimulation for cranberry cul- tivation is needed on the Cape, as the acreage there now (survey 19'57) is only 1,910 and yield per acre 33.8 barrels per acre in this area once so famous for its cran- berries. Fourteca Keep an eye on the fellow who offers you suggestions at the ex- pense of another mutual friend. • • Lots of people who are never heard from publicly are doing good quietly all the time. ISSUE OF JANUARY 1960 Vol. 24 - No. 9 O t^'**''^'^'**=«^^^ -Nl^— ■■— ■■^'■■•^MHH^— Itt^^H— — H^— ■■- "THE GREAT INJUSTICE" The cranberry industry is desperately in need of the help of everyone interested. We have been done a great injustice through the statement of Welfare Secretary Flemming and the subsequent adverse flood of publicity, which all but destroyed the market for cranberries. Legislation is being introduced in Congress for Federal aid. Among the reasons why cranberry people deserve this reimbursement are : 1. Secretary Flemming's pronounce- ment of November 9 came without notice to the industry or even a hearing, just as the major part of the crop was about to go on to the market. 2. This government action actually destroyed the cranberry market, probably for some years to come. 3. Such governmental conduct is completely without precedent in America. 4. This conduct resulted in economic disaster to thousands of innocent people. 5. There was no sudden threat to public health. The compound, amino- triazole, was found in minute quantities in a few cranberries. It is found naturally without spraying in many of our common foods. Some of these foods are radishes, rutabagas, broccoli, turnips, mustard, cabbage, etc. We understand that a per- son would have to eat 2200 lbs of heavily sprayed cranberries to consume as much aminotriazole as is found in one turnip. 6. A good authority is quoted as say- ing that what was called "cancer" in the now famous test rats was in fact not cancer tissue. The industry has been very fortunate in having many able and willing workers to devote endless hours, and thought and money to attempt to undo the wrong done. It is no use to single out any particular individuals. All who thought they could help have come forward. Efforts have been put forward through the Cranberry Institute, which though at the time was inactive, was still CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL — Associate Edit«r Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey there to fall back on. This body is able to speak and to act for practically all of the growers, distributors and indirectly for all who have any interest in the industry. Another respect in which cranberry growers were fortunate in that so many legislators in the five cranberry areas were willing to speak out in support of righting the "Great Injustice." Also in the press have been many editorials and news items calling attention to the "Great Injustice," and to urge its justice to one of the coun- try's oldest industries. This shows the American sense of fairness. Cranberries have been called "A first Fruit of Amer- ica. J'ifteen •■*m■1;;^^,^il,i^■■'ni VINO tHE WISGON (Continued From Page Five) less than normal. January, Feb- ruary, April, May June, September and October had above normal pre- cipitation while March, July Aug- ust, November and December had an excess. Unusual features were the drought periods of May 16 to June 3 and June 14 to 30, as well MR. GROWER Our Job is working for you. Merchandising and Marketing Wisconsin Grown Cranberries Fresh or Frozen pad CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH (NT-HEEHOZEN; FOOD CASE inJioHjfuul FROZEN FRESH WHOLE INDIAN TRAIL INC. P. O. Box 710 Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. as tne excessive showers through- out July. WISCONSIN December Warm December was warm and wet, with a wide range of weather that compared somewhat with the weather extremes the State nad all during the past year. Tempera- tures averaged 8.1 degrees over the state normal of 23.0 and 1.05 inches above normal 1.40 inches. The first two weeks were sunny and warm, followed by snow, rain and fog coupled with flood condi- tions in some areas. The warmest day occurred on the 16th when a record 57 degrees was recorded. Very heavy snow fell in the south on the 22nd and in the far north on the 27th. An oddity of the month was the sighting of a tor- nado cloud near Milwaukee on the 9th. A heavy rain in the central and south of almost an inch of rain caused flooding on the 27th and very heavy fog. The outlook for January was for below normal temperatures and precipitation. Extremes During the Year A brief resume of the years weather was that it went from one extreme to the other from month to month. However, the overall statistics do not reflect the wide weather spread. State aver- ages for the year were 45.6 degrees compared to normal 45.7 or a dif- ference of -0.1 and 40.34 inches of precipitation compared to normal 30.00 inches or a difference of plus 10.34 inches. It was one of the coldest and snowiest winters in years, one of the most distress- ing Augusts ever, no Indian sum- mer, record cold in November and winding up as one of the mildest Decembers on record. SnowfaU was double normal in the south and less than half for the north. Deep frost held the vines back, but ab- normal temperatures in May started the vines going thru a warm summer, with earlv bloom. a good set and large berries. 104.8 State Average Final crop figures for the state ihow a production of 440,000 bbls. [or an average of 104.8 bbls. per acre. Berries were larger than normal and kept exceptionally well. The amino scare left at least one third of this fine crop spoiling in the warehouses at years end. A tragic climax to a fine growing season and growers' efforts. CRANBERRY PROGRAM WINS TOP AWARD A program featuring cranber- ries and Miss Betty Buchan, pub- licity director of Ocean Spray Ci'anberries, Inc. won Joe Kelly, Farm and Food Director at WHDH radio and television, channel 5, the national top award of the Ameri- can Farm Bureau Federation. This was the first time in history of Farm Bureau that the award was made in New England. The award, was made in recog;,- tion of the individual "most ef- fectively presenting agriculture to the community." Advertise In Cranberries SPRINKLER SYSTEMS PUMPS HIGH CAPCITY WELLS ROBERTS IRRIGATION SERVICE STEVENS POINT WISCONSIN Sixtppn ERViNe THE wisao OWE OR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1960 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto tooth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL You; Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too i Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN will not accept any cranberries in 1960 < from vines that have been treated with \ I Amino Triazole in any manner in 1959 p or 1960. I ii *M^ NOW IS THE TIME FOR THE INDUSTRY TO ''Keep It's Chin Up Cranberries Magazine CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine ■*i- 4 Courage AND CONFIDENCE ^ a Is Needed by the Industry Let's Support our Leaders through The Cranberry Institute CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE WAREHAM, MASS. IVING A 320,000,000 A YEAR INDUSTRY ^PE COD EW JERSEY IVISCONSIN OREGON WASHINGTON CANADA EMIL FISCHER S Luiyue Massachusetts Bog Designation. 35 Cents FEBRUARY 1960 DIRECTORY For CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For U8e on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. ~ Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Macfiinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New England Plant and Warehousa Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savings Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service i The ^CHARLES W. HARRIS Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boks aad Pumps Means Satisfactioa WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES Member Federal Deposit Inaurance Corp. Progress Report On Cranberry Situation Less Than 3/10 of 1 Percent A release from Cranberiy Insti- tute states that less than 3/10 of one percent of the berries were suspected of lamino triazole taint, and these conijprised the ship- ments of less than 10 growers. "The other 99 7/10 percent of the berries and the other one thousand nine Ihoindred and ninty growers of the 2,000 of the country are given the same treatment and the loss of their year's work." Flemming Defends On January 26th Arthur S. Flemming, secretary of welfare, health and education submitted a 12-page report on the history of last year's cranberry crisis at the request of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce. In this he defended his agencies' action against the cran- berry industry as a fine example of public sei-vice. Keith Challenges This was challenged by Repre- sentative Hastings Keith of Mass achusetts. He said it was incom- plete and it omitted mentioning the efforts of the cranberry grow- ers to abide by the Government's warnings. Flemming has asked Congress for greater control over the use of cancer-inducing color additives in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Emergency Loans for Mass. Emergency loans were made available for Massachusetts grow- ers the last week in January. This was announced by Charles C. Starr, supervisor for the Farmers Home Administration of Providence, R. I. County Agents and the Cranber- ry Experiment Station were as- sisting in making this 3-percent loan available. Pamphlets explain- ing the details were available to growers at the Station and County Agents office January 29. It was pointed out such loans are made FOR PREFABRICATED FLUMES SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UMION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. for the fihancing of riofniil opera- tions, such as, the purchase of fun- gicides, insecticides, weedicides and in-igation systems, and to meet other needs. To be eligible applicant must be an estaJblished cranberry grower who 'is tempor- arily unaible to obtain credit from normal local sources. Loans must be secured by a lien crop as well as by liens on chattel on the grower's property. Due to the unusual manner in which the need for emergency credit was created and also be- cause of the peculiarities of the business as an agricultural enter- priseprise a number of limitations normally applied were amended. As a result cranberry growers whether owners or tenants operat- ing as an individual, partnership or corporation might apply for a loan as long as he, or a partner, or a principal stockholder person- Will Buy Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. - Stock. Preferred @ $7.50 Common @ $5.00 Call Carver Union 6-4457 Write P.O. Box 44, So. Carver, Mass. Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1960 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mast. One nally manages the operations in- volved. Repayment is scheduled as the income from the crop being har- vested is expected to be received. Borrowers must agree to repay as soon as possible as is consistent with their repayment ability. Ap- plications for these loans will be received until June 30 of this year. It was emphasized that (tJhe De- partment of Agriculture would not have offered the loans if there had been any resemations as to whether cranberries, as they are currently being marketed and as they will be grown offered any health hazard to human beings. More Washington State Committee Five Washington Slate members of the House of Representatives are serving on the Congressional Cmnlberry Committee wliich is seeking government aid. These are Catherine May of Yakimia, Walt Horan of Spokane, John Westland of Everett, Thomas Pelley of Seattle and Russell V. Mack of Hoquiam. Rep. Mack was a char- ter member of original 12 con- gressmen from cranberry-produc- ing districts. The committee voted to open its membership to those BEN FRANKLIN Was one of the most forward-looking men of his day. He would be amazed at the progress made to- day in the use of ELECTRICITY -nt— >i-^— CI I ■■— ^■■^^■■■^— na— Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM CYpress 5-0200 PLYMOUTH Pilgrim 6-1300 Retain natural flavor without over-sweetness ® AND ® /•■V \..- 9 CORN SYRUPS CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and popular Best Foods Division grocery brands for the consumer. not from cranberry areas, but wishing' to help solve the problem of the growers. Wisconsin Names Policy Committee On January 28 Gov. Nelson of Wisconson announced the forma- tion of a special committee of distinguished scientists, represen- tatives of the medical profession and agricultural experts to 'de- velop a decisive and consistant public policy in respect to regula- tion of the use of chemicals as food supplements, additives, pesti- cides, weedicides, growth regula- tors and for similar purposes." This is headed by Dr. Conrad A. Elvehjen, president of Universi- ty of Wisconsin. He is an inter- nationally-renowned scientist in his own right. He has assured full cooperation of the University which is one of the world's fore- most scientific institutes. "Public policy in this general area has not been clear and con- sistant," Gov. Nelson said. "This exposes the industries concerned to serious economic hazards. The extreme hardship suffered by the cranberi-y industry demonstrates the potential dangers that exist in this situation, even for firms and individuals completely innocent of any wrong-doing or negligence.'' On tihe committee besides Dr. Elvehjen, are vice chairman. Dr. J. E. Powers, deain medical school,. U. of W.; secretary, Dr. James Miller, professor of Oncology^ (study of cancer), McCardle Re- search Institute, U. of W.; Dr. William B. Hildebrand, president, Wisconson State Medical Society, Dr. Carl N. Neupert, W^isconson health officer. Also, Dr. Henry T. Scott, direc- - tor of Biological Laboratories,; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foun-' dation and chairman, Wisconsin': Food Standards Advisory Commit- tee; Dr. Aaron Ihde, professor of Chemistry and member of Wis- consin Food Standards Advisory Committee; Prof. H. L. Ahlgren, associate director Agriculture Extension division, U. of W.; Prof, R. J. Muckenhirn, assistant di- , (C-ontinued on Page 14) Two Mass. Cranberry Station and Field Notes by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Extension Cranberry Specialist Much has been said and written concerning' the cranberry crisis caused by Secretary Flemmin^'s unfortunate remarks of Novem- ber 9. We have learned that our industry has many friends who wish to assist us during these dif- ficult times. They include such staunch siipporters as the Farm Bureau, Grange, the trade, U.S. D.A., and editors of many farm journals, newspapers, and trade journals, who have prepared ex- cellent articles condemning the scare technique used by Secretary Flemming. It is encouraging that many congressmen and senators have pledged their support to our cause, and the list is growing, but unfortunately we have been unable to reach all consumers with the simple truth that cran- berries are still pure and Avlhole- some as they have been for the past century. On the other hand, Secretary Flemming, because of his position, has no difficulty reaching the public, and unfort- unately his remarks and "off the cuff comments are considered by the vast majority to be the abso- lute truth. This situation places our cranberry industry at a great disadvantage in its attempts to set the records straight concern- ing the purity and wholesomeness of its products. Among the many statements re- leased by Secretary Flemming in recent weeks, and including a few editors of some of our trade journals, were comments that our cranberry growers were not fol- lowing the directions clearly print- ed on the containers of various pesticides. The public, not realiz- ing the tremendous amount of work done to acquaint growers with proper use of pesticides, would conclude from these news- paper, radio and TV releases that many growers were willfully, or through Ignorance, violatiag th rules of the game. Actually, the percentage of violators m any in- dustry is extremely small and our cranberry industry is no exception, but as is often the case, it is these few who cause the trouble. Th: importance of reading and follow- ing directions printed on labels ap- pearing on containers of various chemicals has always been stressed in our educational programs, an:l we will continue to do so. Many techniques have been de- veloped for this purpose, such as the use of flash cards, circular letters, newspaper releases. Cran- berries Magazine, clinics, field meetings, bog visits, telephone and office calls. We firmly believe tho overwhelming majority of our growers have followed recommen- aations as evidenced by the fact that after exhaustive testing by the Food & Drug Administration, State Boards of Health, and many private laiboratories, only a frac- tion of one percent of these tests showed any residue of the cont'^o- versial herbicide. Frankly, we are not ready to accept the results of some of these tests which were supposed to indicate a residue pro- blem, but that is another sub- ject. The matter of reading labels and following directions is the topic under consideration, which leads the winter to a most amus- ing incident that occurred at a Washington hearing on January 28. The incident was well publi- cized in the Boston papers and was included in the latest edition of ' The Scoop", prepared for mem- bers of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Growers who need a "lift" at this time should locate a copy of the Boston Herald, dated Jan- uary 28, 1960, and see page 2, or borrow a copy of "The Scoop" from one of their neighbors and refer to the last page. The arti- cle is entitled "Cranberry Minist- ers G«t Caught Sinning", In essence, it deals with a hear- ing attended by Secretary Flem- ming and several of his deputies Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three wlho were stressing the import- ance of following instructions as it applied to agricultural chemicals. Congressman Hastings Keith c. Massachusetts was also present and finally ihad an opportunity to speak. He agreed that it was important to follow directions but obsei"ved that the several "NO SMOKING" signs clearly visible in the hearing room were apparently not being obeyed by some people, and proceeded to name the guilty parties who happened to be lop officials in the F.D.A. His timing- was perfect, his point well made, and the general discomLorture ol of the guilty "ministers" was a source of great amusement to the assembled group. GREEN SCUM Our relatively mild winter is a welcome relief from a year a^o. Temperatures for December, Jan- uary, and early February w^ere well above normal. In fact, the lowest temperature this winter to date (February 11) was 7 degrees abo zero and occurred on three succes- sive nights - December 23-25. We have seen no evidence of any winter killing damage or injury from ice pulling. However, the mild weather does favor the de- velopment of green scum wOiich is beginning to make its appearance and should be treated if its past history on a bog indicates a pro- blem. Copper sulfate, as i-ecommen- ded on the weed chart, is «tili thfi best treatment. Apparently oxyglen deficiency conditions have not become critical on an exte. srvo acreage b"t wei " appru'-ic.'~.i-:iA' the danger point on some i-ropert'es by Jam arv -<■ As a ror.U-t, i i'ash card wis nuiii ed to growers informing them of the situation, but weather con- ditions moderated shortly after- wards which decreased the hazard. We are indebted to Richard Kier- nan of the A. D. Makepeace Cam- pany, and George Rounsville ol' this Station for the results of their tests. Charts The cranberry pesticide charts have been revised and are now l:-9ing printed. The county agents will mail the new charts to grow- ers in March. Again, the experi- ence and observations of growers who assisted with this work was most appreciated. The major re visions will be discussed at th March cranberry club meeting. Plans did not call for a revision of the fertilizer chart during the last two years so the 1958 copy should be retained. However, a few mino^r revisions in tlhis chart will be included in the circular lette^ accompanying the charts. There i R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass.. Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE a limited number available at the county agents' offices and at the station for those who may have misplaced their copy. Finally, we are confident that growers will continue to read directions and loUow the lecom- mendations clearly outlined on the pesticide and fertilizer charts and heed the directions and the warn- ings that are carefully printed on the containers of agricultural chemicals. We certainly cannot af- ford to be caught again sinning as were the "cranberi-y ministers". Jersey Blues Up '59 Dollar Value The 1959 blueberry crop mark- eted through the Blueberry Co- operative Association of New Jer- sey brought a return of $2,750,9 1 it was reported at the annual meeting of this group at Fenwick Hall, Pemberton, January 21. This is up four percent, in dollar value, even though the crop was down about two percent in volume. Sales represented 648,364 crate^ of Jersey berries, valued at Sl,- 793,680 and 230,966 flats from North Carolina marketed for yi;57,239. Directors are Fred Dietrick and William steadman of Pemberton and Thomas Darlington of Lisbon, New members, and Elnrer Haines, Pemberton and Russell Dunfee of Chatsworth, re-elected. The board elected as officers; president, Fred Crammell, Toms River; vice president, William Haines, Chatswortn, general man- ager and sales manager Stanley Coville, New Lisbon, secretary- treasurer Harry Bush, New Lis- bon and W. Albert Jarvis, sales manager, and assistant general manager. Michael Scepansky, Pem- berton. WASHINGTON WEED CONFERENCE A conference on "cranberry weeds" is scheduled for March 4th at Grange Hall, Long Beach, Washington. It is expected to have weed authorities from both Wash- ington and Ox'egon on the pro- gram. Four Issue of February 1960 - Vol. 24 No. 10 ■ Publighed monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Warehnm. Mnssachusftts. Subscription $3.50 i»cr year. Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Aet of March 8. 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS January Mild January, 1960 was one of the mildest Januaries in many a year in the Massachusetts cranberry area, following a much milder De- cember than normal. The degrees plus were 54 or approaching two a day. There was no zero weather, the coldest days being on the 12th and the 14th when 8 above was re- corded at State Bog. Precipitation Light Total precipitation for the month was light, being only 2.S5 inches. Normal is 4.12 inches. Of this 8.2 inches was snow. There were no bad snow storms during the month. The few which oc- cured wiere of the "vest-pocket" variety. At end of month the ground was completely bare of snow and the surface was not even frozen ringing hard. Oxygen Deficiency However, there was snow on ice and on January 2d the Experi- ment Station sent out the follow- ing flashcard to growers through the offices of the county agents: "Tests made at the Cranben-y Ex- periment Station and on neighbor- ing bogs, January 25, showed that the oxygen content in the flood water was considerably reduced on some bogs. The only practical technique of avoiding oxygen star- vation of the buds and vines is the withdrawal of the flood from un- der the ice. If flood is withdrawn it is suggested that no water be left on the surface of the bog." Many gi-owers who had suffi- cient water supply to reflow fol- lowed the advice. By February first the situaiton was easing as far as this problem went. Dr. Cross says he believes no bog in- jury resulted from the situation. Little Bog Work There was little or no ice sand- ing during January or other bo^' work going on appareritly. Ice was not thick enough to support trucks and there was probably none or at least not much sanding by wheel- barrow as reports have it. ^EW JERSEY January Normal Weather during January was just about normal, with very little extrenae weather. The mean temp- erature was 34.5°F., about ha^f a degree above normal. The mini- mum temperature was 13° on the 12th and the maximum was 62° on the 27th. Very little ice accumulated on flooded cranberry bogs in Nev«r Jersey and a mild rainy spell to- ward the end of the month caused large patches of open v/ater. Little Snow There was little snow to bring ; bout oxygen deficiency. Only 1.3 inches of snow was recorded dur- ing the month in two light snow- falls. The total precipitation was 3. 05 inches, about one-qvarter inch less than normal. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranfeerry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Pfecfi'siery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small r Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON H. C. LEONARD Rockwell 3-5526 Wyman 3-4332 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 Five WASHINGTON Very little bog work was being done in January. There was some pruning going on. This was partly because of weather conditions dur- ing January, which on many days were not favorable for outside work. Some Spring Planting Soone new acreage will be plant- ed tJhis spring. However, in view of the situation it is hard to esti- mate just how much. There is a good bud set on miost bogs and prospects are for another good crop. The 1959 production was 98,000 barrels. Weather Rainfall to January 28 was 10.61 inches. At the beginning of Jan- uary there was a week to ten days of cold weather, with a minimum of 19 on several different days. Maximum temperature for the month was 51 degrees. There was a lot of east wind, actually for 15 days, witlh accompanying relative- ly low humidity. At the weed meeting to be held at Long Beach, March 4, the her- bicide situation will be discussed. Speakers are expected to include Dr. Virgil Freed and Dr. Crabtree of Oregon State College and Dr. Legault and Dr. Telford, Dwight Peabody and perhaps one or two others from Washington State Extension Service. Several com- mercial field men have been in- vited to be present and plan to bring the growers up to date in this field. Other phases of cran- berry production will also be under discussion. WISCONSIN Mild Winter The only pleasant thing to re- port from the cranberry country in Wisconsin was the mild Jan. uary. Continuing the trend of No- vember and December the state to Feb. 1 was experiencing one of the mildest iwinters on record. With the coldest part of the win- ter behind and with the extended forecast for a warm and dry February, the mild weather could set a new record. This pattern ir Six of course a complete reversal of last year's sub normal tempera- tures and heavy snows. Temperatures for the state averaged three to five degi^ees over the normal of 17 degrees. Precipitation was slightly below normal in all sections except tne south where the heavy snows on the 20th and 26th piled up as muclh as twenty inches. Temperatures stayed above zero most of the month with only three to five below readings during the entire month. Coldest was on the 5th when it dipped to nearly 30 below in the north, the 21st to 12 below in the south and on the 26th to 20 below in the noi"th. Eligible For Loans Wisconsin was declared eligible for emergency crop loans through the Farm Home Administration, the latter part of January. It was expected that details would be made out and loan applications ready before the middle of Feb- ruary. Wisconsin was the third cranberry area made eligible for these loans. Some Sanding Some sanding was done duriu: January as conditions were idea' as far as ice and snow and temp- eratures were concerr.^d. D!'"c'!i:^- W3r3 somewhat weak but plan]:- ing enabled the trucks to get on the beds safely. Most growers had planned extemsive sanding operations this winter but the debacle in the market has held up a good portion of the planned work. Berries In Storage Approximately one third of the marshes in the state still have some berries in their warehouses, with several having several thou- sand barrels. Although heating was stopped at the first of the year, very few of the berries have frozen due to the mild winter we have been having. The berries continue to keep exceptionally well, although shi-inkage can be expected to increase with each passing week. LATE MASSACHUSETTS February to the 16th had been remarkably warm, with the plus degrees side racking up a total of 110 degrees or more than seven per day. The ground was totally bare of snow and while there had been 2.73 inches of precipitation there had been only four traces of snow. There had been no losses from oxygen deficiency, and while there were cold winds, such conditions had not lasted long enough to use any winterkill. I \. \-A \J\J d Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop OSE /ILL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking' - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Emil Fischer Built His Own Small Property, and Named It ''My Ackin' Back Bog,'' Active At 71 Years He Did Things He Was Told Couldn't Be Done, by Clarence J. Hall "My Ackin' Back Bog," is the sign which hangs by the bogside of a small cranberry property on Route 18 at Easit Freetown, Massachu- setts. That this is a well-named piece of bog any smiall growers wfho have done most of the actual labor of building and maintaining' a bogi can attest. The owner is Emil Fischer, 71, who is supposed to be retired, but is still going strong. The name came about a few years ajgo when Mr. Fischer says "one of the helicopter fellows came along and asked why cranberry growers don't name their bogs to miake them easier to find.'' "I said I'd name mine ana I did causre some of my friends told and it cost me $7.00 to put up the sign. That was the only name I could think of when I think of the hours and year I have 'slaved' on this bog. Not that I've minded it, really, and I like hard work but my back has ached more than once. I've named it right." iFischer has been a grower since 1914. He was born in Switzerland. His father and miother, Mr. and Mrs. Engelbert Fischer, after a short sojoura in Germany arrived in this country when he was two years old. For a time his father worked in cotton textile mills in Warren, R. I. and later in New Bedford when the New England textile business was thriving. His father eventually bought a large piece of property, 82 acres and began farming in East Free- town. He had a general farm, cows, horses, woodland. Emil still lives in this farmhouse across Middleboro road from the "My Ackin' Back Bog.'' He came there when eight. Since ihis father's death he has sold off some of the property, now owning about 42 acres. For many years he was employ- ed by the City of New Bedford Water Works. He entered this work as common laborer, and when he retired in 1944 he was an en- gineer in steam, third class. "I sti:ll keep renewing my state li- cense as an engineer," he says, "I don't know just wihy but I do." It was while he was engineer that he started to become a cran- beiTy grower. "I got into it he- me there was good money in grow- ing cranberries. Well, I've had my berries sold for $2.50 a barrel and as high as $33.00. That was in 1946, when the price was more than $10 more than it should be and it was those high prices that caused all the trouble of the de- pression we've been going through." He first built a quarter acre, working, evenings, early mornings, holidays while he held his job with the water-works. He has been content to be a little fellow in cranberry growing and his hold- ings now total only four acres, three and a half in the "Ackin' Back," and another half acre on Hemlock Point, Long Pond, nearby. With a little help he did all the building himself. Part' of his main bog was on Maple Swamp and the rest on fresh meadow, "where they told me I couldn't grow cranberries, but I have," he asserts. He is planted to about three-quarters Early Blacks and the rest Howes. Production has averaged about 200 barrels for the four acres, but he has harvested as ihigh as 300. At the rear of his bog there is a ihigh bluff, or was, and during the 1930's in WPA days, Mr. Fischer began cutting this down selling gravel for road building. As he dug down he found he kept getting water. Hie used a Blue Cyrus siteam engine in his opera- tions. He found that under the gravel ridge there were natural springs. The waiter kept at the same level t^o matter how much he pumped oxit. He decided to make this gravel pit into a reser- voir for flooding. "I was told I couldn't do this, but now I've got a reservoir that never goes dry." He can put on a flow in three hours. Water can be pumped back. He gets his bog sand from the bottom of this pit and after screening he says it is not like sand often used, but is entirely free from any weeds, or seeds to spread to tihe bog. "I have hornpout and perch in this reservoir I made in a gravel pit. Don't ask me how they ever got there, but they did." he de- clares. Mr. Fisher says "I'm very short of equipment as you can see," when he shows you around. He really means he isn't. He is in- ventive and makes a good deal of his equipment. He built a small bog vehicle which he calls his "bog-mobile," which is powered with a Briggs & Stratton engine. With this he carts off berries and does other work, such as using it rvvith a spray rig and for clean- ing ditches and also sanding. When he is cleaning ditches or sanding 'he puts on a contraption of his own which cooiisists of one-third of a round oil cylinder such as is used for furnace heating in a home. This, he says, keeps the sand from spilling and also is handy to throw the debris into when he is cleaning his ditches. He also has two jalopies. Model As, cut down mtostly for ice sand- ing. "Why do I need two for such a small bog? If I am sanding I don't want to be delayed, and with two, if one .breaks do^yn we hop and get to the other/' IHis "bog-mobile," he made from What he calls a "gentleman's lawn-mower." This had a wide swath to one side and was origin- ally covered by an umbrella to protect the operator against the sun. He discarded the umbrella, but the hole in which it rested is still there. He has home-designed and built well-drilling equipment and has hired out for that work. He uses the bam of his father Seven to store various equipment and there are also several sheds. Mr. Fischer has two sons, the oldest Raymond Eirail who lives in a house near the bog. He now works at Morse Twist & Drill Compiany in New Bedford, after getting training as a machinist for six years at New Bedford Textile and New Bedford Vocational schools. Where his father kept the cows there is now a complete machine shop owned by Raymond. His son Clinton was formerly extensively in the poultry business at the farm but recently became cus- todian of the Lakeville-Freetown Regional school. He trained for fanning at the iSegregansett School of Agriculture in i^r :toi County. Both, sons, who will inherit the bog some day, Fischer says, help out at times, particularly during hai-vest. This past fall the two were doing all the picking with two Western Pickers. That was his 9th season of using the V/e? ems, which he likes once they get the vines properly trained. 'He also has a daug*hter, Ruth Etta, who lives in Middleboro. He has been a vddower for 17 years living alone at the fai-m his wife having been the former, Etta Bay- reuther of New Bedford. One of his most cherished po-^ sessions at the Farm is a Germi-i Linden tree at the rear of hr house. This, his father planted "rom a twig 64 years ago. It v.o^v measures 13 feet in circumfer- 0"ce, six inches from the ground ard is a magnificiant shade tree. His bog is what he calls a cold bottom hog because of Sji rings and he believes in ninning it as dry as possible. Every year ho fertilizes weak spots and this has added to his production. His in- sect control is by helicopter, al- though he 'has his ground spi'ay rig for spot work and emergency. He sands as needed, often on the ice, when he can get it. His "bug man", he says, is Kenneth Beaton of Wareham, w'ho conducts a bog service and he depends on Beaton to tell him when to spray for insects, Mr. Fischer is a member of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' As- sociation, of Southeastern Cran- berry Club, meeting at Rochester, and of the East Freetown Lion's Club. He formerly sold through New E^ngland Cranberiy Sales Company, but now belongs to Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. "I'm supposed to be retired," "but I'm the busiest retired man you ever saw,'' He declares. "I feel that I'm always under pres- sure to get things done." He has run the gamut of cran- be: ry work, -does his own frost- ing,4has had his crops picked by hand, by snaps, by scoops and now mechanically. I've lived and kept busy through three depressions." "Now,'' he adds, "we are coming slorwly out of the third one." He irdeed does keep busy. Last winter a Boston newspaper featured him in picture and a story, sanding his bog on the ice by jalopy, with the temperature at around zero-at the age of 70. Mr. Fischer is shown at the controls of his "Bogmobile." (CRANBERRIES PHOTO) Eight ^•>>^v>Mi».^^8lVfllW^*5)N^^(HW'P^•v.■ vt "am vf» • wjv x>v s Fischer Bog has artificial Sump Reservoir. (CRANBERklES PHOTO) Survey Shows Growers Not To Quit Business |In Massachusetts, where the bulk of the crop is still produced, there seems to be no real thought of going out of the business on the part of any grofwers. Nor, are there at the present moment, at least, any plans to cut back or abandon acreage. For one reason there is too much investment. The aittitude is at the worst to "wait and see' what develops. In Massachusetts possibly 90 per- cent of growers depend upon their bogs as the sole means of support. This is what your cranberry re- porter finds in talking to growers and this is also the report from the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion, where growers are always stopping in. From a well-informed source in Wisconsin, Leo A. Sorensen, consultant, cpmes comment such as this. No growers are seriously contemplating quiting - initially all were panicked, shocked, frus- trated. But most growers think the amino triazole scare will only be temporary. This especially in view of the fact that Food and Drug has made seizures of or charges against other products, a wide range of them. This includes possible cancer-producing products such as lip-stick, cigarettes, cap- onetts and many other things. The bulk of the Wisconsiin grow, ers are in good financial condi- tion. More than 90 percent de- pend on cranberries as their sole support. If in the extreme the scare should continue for several years growers might be forced to sell, but no acreage probably will be cut down. It was pointed out that during the period 1949 to 1956 when returns were' lov/ few properties changed hands. Bank loans are reported a^ small and local bankers have stat- ed they would approve of emer- gency loans. Growers made fair profit in 1957, good profit in 1958 and would have been in very good shape in 1959. The two rea- sons for this are the high yiek per acre and low production cost" The situation will stop any large scale new developments, but a number of growers who have acreage scalped and ready to plant will do so this spring. There will probably be no acreage remade,^ this year. Fl'om another source, that <■ Vernon Goldsworthy, comes a sim ilar prediction, that no growers are going out of business or cut- ting down acreage. Also that growers are planning to be ahead with spring planting where new marsh has been in preparatio The cost of the actual planting is relatively light. A source in Oregon says, "the growers are beginning to recover their senses and self-respect and they do not feel the situation is hopeless. They are disgusted but not desperately despondent. More and more acres have been put in.'' Nine! New Insect Pests Wanted While They Are New If this coming season you find a new or unusual insect, entomol- ogists want to knotw about it, ac- cording to AGRICULTURAL RE- SEARCH, publication of the USDA. Dead insects should be sent to county agents, agricultural experiment stations or entomolog- ical field workers. Within past months, USDA in- vestigators confirmed the discov- ery of a new pest in Florida. It is the Pumpkin caterpillar, in- troduced probably from Africa or Asia. It attacks plants of the gourd family, but also has caused damage to cotton plants. Many of our destructive crop and forest pests came from o!her countries. The European corn bor- er, first found here in 1917, last year destroyed over 1.5 million bushels of corn. Formerly, others, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly, were eradicated because an effective campaign was under- taken immediately upon discovery. Annual Jersey Meeting Feb, 26 Orrin G. Colley of Cran- berry Institute to be Prin- cipal Speaker. The annual meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' As- sociation will be held on February 26th at the County Agent's meet- ing room of the new Burlington County buiflding. Mount Holly, N. J. (Orrin Colley of the Cranberry Institute, tlhe main speaker, will present the activities and plans for the future of his organiza- tion. Almost every New Jersey grower is a member of this Insti- tute. Fred Mahn of the Soil Conser- vation Service -will discuss pay- ments to cranberry growers foi soil and water consei-vation prac- tices. Chester Tyson, New Jersey Ten /•. t^ Fischer's sons, Raymond, left and Clinton Comprise his Harvest Crew. (CRANBERRIES PHOTO) director of F,H.A., will explain the eligibility of cranberry grow- ers for emergency loans by this agency. Phil Marucci and Larry Raniere of the Experiment Station staff will present papers on cranberi'y insects and diseases. A lively busi ness session on the cranberi'y crisis and on the proposed jet airport in the Pine Barrens is ex- pected. CORRECTION In last month's issue it was stated John "Stan" Norton of the Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- ment Station attended a regionl meeting of the Agricultural Mech- anization Socialists in New York. This was a misprint and it was Society and not "Socialists." This meeting fomiulated Northeast Re- gional Research project on "Prin- ciples of Mechanical Harvesting cf Fruits :nd Vegetables." Disease Control Experiments In Massachusetts In 1959 By Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman, Cranberry Experiment Station The results of tJhe 1959 disease control program and the study of other factors which affect the quality of cranberries are given in this article. The past season was one in which the berries were gen- erally of poor keeping quality. However, the catastrophic events initiated by the action of the Food and Drug Administration shattered the normal marketing pattern and many of the nornual effects of ber- ry condition were o^bscured. Frost Injury When late-water Howes from the State Bog which had been treated with phaltan were com- pared with untreated berries from an adjacent section, it was noted that the fungicide-treated fruit contained very few frosted ber- ries, whereas the untreated fruit contained many frosted ones. A count s'howed that 9.3 percent of the untreated berries were frosted, whereas only 0.1 percent of the treated berries ihad been frozen. Shortly after this observation \j.as made, one of the larger growers reported that a similar condition existed on a number of his bogs. These observations indicated that further study of the relation of fungicide treatment to frost in- jury was desirable. Examination of late-water Howes from the permanent plots on the State Bog yielded evidence ot more conclusive nature. Table 1 presents the data from these 25 plots. It can be noted that only one of the fungicide-treated plots contained miore frosted berries than the untreated plots. Further, the plots treated with the more efficient cranberry fungicides, zineb and maneb, contained a less- er percentage of frosted berries on the average than did those plots treated with ferbam or Bor- deaux mixture. Statistical analy- sis indicated that the fungicide treaitments were related in some manner to the smialier incidence Table 1. Frost in late-Water Howes treated with various fungicides as compared with frost in untreated late-water Howes, State Bog, 1959*. Treatment Maneb Zineb Bordeaux Felribam Untreated 0.9 0.0 3.9 3.9 6.4 1.7 0.8 2.6 9.1 5.1 1.4 1.0 2.9 1.9 9.2 1.7 0.3 2.9 1.8 7.6 1.7 1.5 2.5 1.6 9.2 Average Frost 1.5 0.7 3.0 3.7 7.6 * Figures represent % of frosted fruit in ea'ch sam|ple. TaWe 2 Control of fruit rots by zineb and phaltan applied to Early Blacks at two different dosage levels, State Bog, 1959. Storage rot Treatment Field Rot (%) 6 wks. (%) Tatol (%) Phaltan, high ** 7.6 10.6 18.2 Phaltan, low ** 12.7 16.0 28.7 Zineb, high 8.1 10.5 18.6 Zineb, loSw 11.1 9.6 20.7 Untreated 20.8 13.3 34.1 * Each treatment replicated 5 times, figures in chart are averages. ** High equals 9 lbs. chemical/300 gals, water/acre/2 applications. Low equals 6 lbs. chemical/300 gals, water/acre/2 applications. of frost damage in the trea^cid berries. In an attempt to explain this relationship freezing points were determined for a numtoer of ber- ries from the replicated plots. It was theorized that fungicide-treat- ed berries might freeze at lower temperatures than untreated ber- ries. The test comprised four series of 10 berries each, giving 8 berries from each of the fungi- cide treatments and the untreated plots. The method used to deter- mine freezing points w^s as fol- lows: A thermocouple Was inserted into each berry prior to freezing. A 12-point recording (poteaDtio- meter measured and recorded temperatures. Freezing tempera- tures were attained by inserting the berries into the freezing com- partment of a refrigerator. The methods used here were devised by Dr. Fred Chandler and Prof. John Norton for other studies current- ly in progress. The results of these tests showed that there was no difference in freezing point be- tween fungicide-treated berries and untreated berries. A second theory which might explain this phenomenon is that the treatments protect the leaves from fungus attack, resulting in a heavier leaf cover in the treated vines than in the untreated ones. The heavier leaf cover in turn serves to give a degree of protec- tion to the berries against frost. Further work is planned to test the validity of this theory. It is believed that these obser- vations comprise the first evidence that a relationship may exist be- tween fungicide treatment and the resistance of cranberries to frost injui-y. The Observations reported herein were made only on berries of the Howes variety. Several years work will be needed to establish the consistency of the relationship. Machine-picking vs. Scooping The results of experiments run in 1957-58 which showed that m^.- chine-picked berries do not hold up as well in storage as do scoop- picked berries were given in the January, 1959 issue of this maga- zine. The following is a report Elfveq Table 3. Field and storage rot of Early Black cranberries in comparative fungicide tests, 1956-1959 Fungicide Maneb Zineb Bordeaux li'erbain Untreated Year S S 1956 2.1 2.5 4.6 2.2 4.5 6.7 1.2 3.1 4.3 2.7 5.2 7.9 5.9 5.4 11.3 1957 3.1 7.5 10.6 4.3 9.8 14.1 11.3 16.4 27.7 9.9 15.3 25.2 20.0 25.9 45.9 195.§, . 3.2 3.9 7.1 6.8 6.0 12.8 5.8 6.1 11.9 7.6 5.5 13.1 24.9 13.3 38.2 1959" 4.3 5.7 10.0 10.6 7.9 18.5 15.0 7.9 22.9 9.7 11.2 20.9 25.3 11.4 36.7 Each treatment replicated 5 times, figures in charts are averages. S - Storage rot, 6 weeks (%). T - Field and storage rot (%) F - Field rot (%) of a similar series of tests that were run in the fall, 1959. Samples were made up of scooped and machine-picked ber- ries'taken from 11 locations ov the State Bog. The samples which were to be compared v/ere taken from within two feet of each other. Samples were examined within 21 hours after harvest and the rotten or badly bruised berries removed. The berries were kept in common storage for 6 weeks, then re-ex- amined and the amount of break- down recorded. Every effort was made to ensure that the compari- son between the cranberries picked by these two methods was a valid one;i 'however, there were two possibilities for eiTor which were extremely difficult to evaluate. The fll"st was the possibility that we scooped berries more gently than would a commercial scooper, and the second was that some ma- chilled apparently cause more ber- ry^'bruising than do others. In re ga:rd-. to the former, it can be stated- that every effort was mad? to sfmulate commercial picking methods in gathering the berric- used in tlhese tests. In 1957-58 ber- ry samples were collected using the Western, Darlington and Dana pickers; whereas in 1959 berries were collected only with the Dana and Darlington machines. There were no observed differences in the amount of breakdown in ber- ries picked by the different ma- chines. The averaged results for the 11 samples showed that 6.6 per- cent of the scoop-picked berries broke down during the 6-week storage interval, as compared with 9.9 percent of the machine-picked berries. Statistical analysis indi- cates that the probability is great- er than 95 in 100 that a lot of ber- ries vnll break down faster if they are machine-picked than if they are scoop-picked. These results support the con- clusion drawn on the basis of the 1957-58 experiments. Certain re- finements of picking machinery currently in use a.ppears to be desirable from a quality stand- point. Fungicide Tests pihaltan and zineb were each ap- plied at two dosage levels in tests w^hich compared the currently re- commended rate of application with application at lower dosages. The rate of 9 lbs. per acre per application was compared with 6 Table 4. Total weight of feerries from fungicide plots at harvest as compared with weight of sound berries after 6-week period in common storage*. Maneb Zineb Ferbam Bordeaux Untreated Total harvested • (ibbls./acre) 120 122 120 106 117 Sound! berries after G wks. storage (bbls./acre) 105 94 91 77 09 Loss (bbls./acre) 15 28 29 29 48 ^' Weight loss 12.5 22.9 24.2 27.4 41.0 * Each figure in chart is based on an average of 5 replicates. Berries from the permanent Early Black plots, State Bog, 1959. lbs. per acre per application. Sprays were applied by ground concen- trate rig in about 25 gallons of water per acre and by a high gal- lonage sprayer in 300 gallons of water per acre. The results of one experiment, which were typical of this test ser- ies, are given in Table 2. It was apparent that both chemicals per- formed equally well at the higiher dosage rate, and that phaltan was considerably poorer than zineb at the lower dosage rate. The berries treated with phaltan at the 9-lb. rate were slightly larger than both the untreated and the zineb-treat- ed berries. Table 3 gives the results of four consecutive years of fungicide applications to the permanent Early Black plots at tJhe State Bog. Maneb has consistently given sup- erior rot control and we hope to be able to recommend use of this chemical in the near future. An interesting comparison emerges when the percentage loss due to berry breakdown and des- sication in storage is translated into terms of barrels per acre. In Table 4, the yield from the. per- manent Early Black plots in 105D is calculated as barrels per acre. These figures include both sound and rotted berries. The sound ber- ries which remained after a 6- week storage period were weighed and the weight loss was tabulated as barrels per acre for eadh treat- ment. Viewed in these terms, the intrinsic value of fungicide treat- ment on bogs which produce poor quality fruit is apparent. Twelve ■ .dw^'^,; Marcus M. Urann Canadian Ocean Spray President Marcus M. Urann (Cranberries, Sept., 1958) was elected presi- dent of Ocean Spray of Can- ada, Ltd. at a Directors' meet- ing held, January 22, in Hanson, Massachusetts. T^he Canadian com- pany is a subsidiary of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. The pro- cessing plant of the Canadian as- sociation is located in St. Johns, Province of Quebec. Mr. Urann is also President of United Cape Cod Company, world's second largest cranberry producer and a member of Ocean Spray. United's cranberry proper- ties stretch over some 15,000 acres in the southeastern Massaohusetts towns of Hanso'n, Halifax, Pem- broke, Plympton and Duxbury. 700 are bearing acres and yield 7,000 pounds of cranberries per acre, far exceeding the Massachusetts average. Cranberries are both a vocation and avocation for Mr. Urann, who comes from a famed cranberry family whose leadership contrib- uted to the progress of the in- dustry for more than half a cen- tury. He is the son of Carl B. Urann, retired grower and former President of United, and the ne- phew of Marcus L. Urann, organ- izer of United in 1907 and founder of the Ocean Spray brand in 1912. Himself a grower, owner of a 12-acre bog in East Bridgewater and a partner in Three M cran- berry bog in Middleboro, the new- ly elected President began his cranberry career working sum- mers at the Cranberry Experi- ment Station in Wareham. while attending Bates College. He has served on the Board of Directors of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. since 1948 and on the Board of Ocean Spray of Canada since 1959. He received his first pay check from United Cape Cod in 1932, later serving as Assistant Manager, Treasurer, and as Vice President. He is Secretary-Treas- urer of the Cranberry Institute, which represents all growers and distributors in the cranberry in- dustry, and is active in the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Associa- tion and the South Shore Cranber- ry Club. He has been one of the most ardent in the attempt to ob- tain government idemnification for market losses and has made several trips to Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Urann and their two sons, Marcus and David, make their home in South Duxbury, Massachusetts. Other officers elected to Ocean li^pray of Canada were: Vice Presi- dent, Norman Holmes of New Westminster, British Columbia; Secretary-Treasurer, Kenneth G. Garside, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Directors are: Elmer E. Raymond, Jr., Braintree, Massachusetts; David E. Pryde, Grayland, Wash- ington; William E. Crowell, Den- nis, Massachusetts; Thomas B. Darlington, New Lisbon, New Jer- sey; Russell Makepeace, Marion, Massachusetts; Frank P. Crandon, Acushnet, Massachusetts; Car- roll D. Griffith, South Carver, Massacrusetts; Urann and H'olmes. For Women Only To those of us who enjoy and use cranben-y products and who are concerned with the present cranberry ci-isis, the following, suggestions may help to sonne i^QrA gree in selling the crops of the, future. ., You probably have continued to, enjoy cranberries, but why jipt,.- share them with your neighbors and friends? This could be done in two ways; by taking a cranber-. ry product to a friend with the recipe attached - and by sharing your favorite recipes with other readers of Cranberries. We would like to establish a "Recipe Comer" publishing recipes and sugges- tions for uses of cranberries sent in by our readers and their friends. A good deal of the fun of cook- ing is found in the satisfaction of using "tried and true" recipes. Sometimes even more fun can come from experimenting; for example, have you ever tried to substitute a cup of strained cranberry sauce for 1 cup of applesauce in the standard applesauce cake? It's de- licious and gives a party pink color to an old standby. In mak- ing an upside-down oake, whole cranberry sauce can be substituted for pineapple or the two fruits may both be used to make an at- tractive design. A large amount of Cranberry-' Orange Relish can be made at one time and the relish used in var- ""'*^.^ SHAWMUT GLASS CONTAINERS, Inc. REPRESENTING KNOX GLASS, Inc. m 29 STILLINCS STREET BOSTON, MASS. mms^^mm ^mi Thirteen ious ways later - in jellied salads, or peach and pear salads, etc. To save time in making Cranberry bread the relish can be used in place of chopped cranberries and orange rind and juice. By using some ingenuity Cranberry Relish could be used in many other ways. Also, a smiall jar of Relish or cranberry sauce in a lunch box is a refreshing addition to any lunch. Have you ever tried Cranberry siauce on waffles or pancakes? In mincemeat? Or candied cranber- ries in fruit cake or as decoration of cookies ? Women can and will be h?lpful in de' eloping or finding new uses for t/.e delicious little red berrv. Berry Papers At Boston Meeting The Northeastern Region of the American Society for Horticultural Science had its annual meeting January 29 and 30 at the Biologi- cal Laboratories at Harvard University. This meeting was better attended by profes- sional cranberry people than usual. There were three from Massachu- setts, Beattie, Chandler and Dem oranville; and two from New Jer- sey, Barrett and Stiles. In the fruit section there were three papers on cranberries, the first by I. E. Demoranville en- titled "Cranberries - their size in relation to weather". This present- ed his study of size in relation to early and late drawn winter water of both Early Black and Howes. The results show a relation with the weather for the season and for short periods. These data will be prepared for Cranberries Magazine at a later date. Chandler presented "Cranberry Varieties of North America" whiclh is being published soon, and an abstract was in a recent Cran- berries Magazine. He also present- ed "TIhe Harmful Effect of Salt on Cranberry Bogs". This has also ap- peared in an issue of Cranberries. Demoranville was junior author on the two latter papers. Following the meeting. Chandler and Demoranville had a very pleas- JF'ourteen ant visit with Barrett and Stiles on the general research plans in the future. There were many very interest- ing pafpers presented in other fields and there were people in other fields vei-y interested in cranberries - in other words, it was a good meeting. Hopeful Report From Washington "We are hopeful the Govern- ment will formulate plans which will embrace a substantial part of the 1959 cranberry crop," was a statement made at a meeting of South Shore and Southeastern Cranlberry Clubs at Gov. Carver School, Carver February 16. This was contained in a brief re- port from President George C. P. Olsson of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. to directors of the co-op. This was hailed by growers as the most encouraging report since the amino-triazole scare was be- gun November 9 by statements of Secretary of Welfare, Health and Education Arthur D. Flemming. The report told of many meetings with the USDA, the Congressional steering committee, and others in Washington. Report further said the cranberry committee was much encouraged 'by developments. Olsson at the time was in Wash- ington with President Orrin G. Colley and Secretary-Treasurer Marcus M. Urann of the Cranberry Institute. This was part of a program which had also been given at West Yarmouth Community building Feb. 10th but without the Wash- ington committee report. Meeting was built around the thought of how growers might make plans for 1960. A principal speaker was Prof. Bradford D. Crossmon, extension farm business management special- ist. Object of his talk, he said, was to make growers think in advance of how they should manage their bogs in the coming season, — whether it would be better econ- omics to root-grub, flood and keep out of production next Fall, or to practice the usual insect, fertilizer and fungicide controls, and if so, to what extent. It was brought out many pi-actices couldn't be dropped or the bogs would suffer permanently. This will appear in full in March issue. "Emergency Loans for Cran- berry Growers," was the topic of Sinclair F. Kenney, Providence office of FHA, USDA. He said growers could obtain emergency loans only after they had been unable to obtain credit from their usual credit sources, and told the growers to see their banks if they needed assistance and then come to FHA for the three percent interest Federal assistance. He said if there was sufficient demand an office, on full or part-time might be opened in Wareham. Assistance could foe obtained at the Cranberry Experiment Station now. J. Richard Beattie, extension cranberry specialist, was in the mid-west, Cincinatti and Detroit at the time the "cranberry scare" broke. He said the trade did not hold the situation against the cranberry industry and comments were by no means all foad. He told how substitutes had been rushed into the markets; apple sauce and a chen-y jelly sauce. These did not sell any better than cranberries, he said, and cran- berry growers were fortunate in having a traditional item that is "going to be awfully hard to run down permanently." MASS. SCREENHOUSE DESTROYED BY FIRE A screenihouse, owned by Oscar Norton, superintendent of the Cape Cod Cranberry Company, off Walnut Plain road Rochester, Massacxiusetts, was destroyed by fire during the night of January 26th. The building was 43 by 50 with a 12 foot foundation. Also burned was Union Chapel, former- ly a meeting house a half mile dis. tant, whicn had been used for stor- age. The fires were believed of suspicious origin. The screenhouse was at Porter bog and there was evidence the doors had been dimmied open. Both buildings had been entered by vandals recently and Mr. Nor- ton said that last July vandals broke most of the windows in the screenhouse. The contents consists of freezer boxes, harvest boxes and a motor- ized cranberry rake. CONGRESS REPORT (Continued from Page 2) rector Agricultural Experiment Stations, U. of W. and Dr. Don McDowell, director, Wisconsin State Depai'tment of Agriculture. Washington Gets Loan Growers of the State of Wash- ington have received notification (Continued on Page 16) ^tl'^— I nil-- ■nil — liir-.— mil iiii~ ^Mit^als IN —nil— .1111.^1111— ~ii II i]ii_— It II -^11 IP— II II ^—11 II -^11 11— II »^— mi ^— mi ^—11 if ^^B*!* ISSUE OF FEBRUARY 1960 Vol. 24 - No. 10 v-/ 1^'*''^*^'^^^ The cranberry "scare" headlines have faded from the headlines of the daily newspapers long since, and the words "cranberry scandal" are no longer heard on radio and television. Of course, we all know there was no need for the scare of prospective cranberry consumers and there certainly was no cranberry scandal. But for those with a stake in the cranberry industry the crisis still lingers on and will for a long time to come. The industry, chiefly through the Cranberry Institute is constantly on the job, patiently trying to get some form of financial re- dress from the Government. This attitude is just and right. It v/as the Government, or one arm of it, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, under Arthur S. Flemming which caused all the trouble beginning last November 9th when the market was going along so smoothly and so well. This crisis has proven one thing. This was something the industry as a whole did not realize. Cranberry grow- ing needed a cranberry institute as do other industries need an institute. The Institute was in-active at the time of the outburst. It lacked general support of the distributors and growers. Now it has the full support of all. Members alloted to the task are giv- ing much of their time and unlimited effort to get the Government help needed. It is perhaps not in good taste to mention only a few names, as many are working hard for the industry in its time of need. But certain ones are carrying the brunt of the burden. To name only three : Institute Pres- ident Orrin G. Colley, secretary-treas- urer Marcus M. Urann and George C. P. Olsson, president of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and designated spokes- man for the industry are spending un- limited time in Washington, quietly at work on the problem of redress. They ar^ usually there from Monday to Fri- day of each week. It is encouraging CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALI^-Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, ?3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cran'berry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey to note they express optimism and believe that eventually there will be Government financial assistance to the growers. Funds are available in the United States Department of Agriculture if a directive can be obtained to obtain their use for the hard-hit cranberry industry. The situation seems to be a little better than it was. Low interest rate loans are now made available to growers of all cranberry areas, who are unable to obtain funds locally to carry on the usual bog practices this season. This is only temp- orary relief, but it is relief — even though it must be paid back — for those who des- parately need it. Fifteen SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS CONGRESS REPORT (Continued from Paj^-e Jl) from Senator Jackson that emei- gency loans may be obtained. It was expected a numlber wouid avail themselves of this opportun- ity to obtain funds to can-y them over the coming season. But it is recognized these must be paid back and this will provide no per manent help, but that what is wanted is for the Government to take further steps. As in Massadhiusetts and Wash- ington, growers of New Jersey rnay also obtain .3 percent govern- ment loans. It is understood a considerable number have made a.pp!ications. Many of the growers are small growers. Oregon Farm Bureau Call for Gov. Indemnity The Oregon Farm Bureau has gJIH !!■ ■ !■ ■ ■ .B ;■ H a' H IK called for Government indemnity payments to Oregon cranberry growers, Gerald Detering, presi- dent OFBF announced on Febru- ai-y 4th. The proposed payments would cover production costs losses suffered. He said the action was not chal- lenging the authority of Secre- tary of Welfare Flemming, but his sweeping accusation agaJnst a*-, ei tire industry without dis- ci in);nation and facta i.. his an- no'niement of N ) •''ember 9. He said the dama;o to the grow- ers of Oregon and of the nation will run into millions, and that Oregon growers lost approximately 75 percent of tlheir normal sales. Nearly 4% million pounds of cran- berries were grown in Oregon in 1959. In Oregon last year, he added, only one small lot of ^ber- i:iiiB!iiii CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH liMTHlf F«MEMiF0Oa CASE Wisconsin Grown QUALITY Attractive Packaging Results In Better Returns More Sales Are What The Cranberry Industry Needs B / T 7 FROZEN FRESH WHOLE INDIAN TRAIL INC. Wisconsin Rapids WISCONSIN P.O. Box 710 liii'HI ...«fl. ■ MiilHllii^liH^llll^lll,^||i;| ries was found to be tainted with amino triazole, and this was weeks before the Flemming statement. He said the Government pro- posal of emergency loans to cran- berry growers, as is now effective in some states, did not repair the damage done. He said farmers must be able to have faith in Government testing and that once a chemical is released for use on a crop, as amino triazole was, that authority should be accepted as final. Wisconsin Now Eligible Although it was first announced Wisconsin growers were not eligi- ble for USDA loans through Farm Home Administration, this came through the latter part of January. It was expected that details would be made out and loan applica/tions made ready the middle of Febru- ary. Some Pickup Cranberry Pi'oducts, Inc., of Eagle River, Wisconsin reports some pickup in sales, particularly in the middle west. But the gain is spotty, in some regions almost back to normal while in other areas there is practically no movement at all. The firm is now operating on real marachino cranberries as a new line. Oregon Also Oregon was declared an emer- gency area on February 10, ac- cording to notices received from Senator Richard L. Neuberger and Congressman Charles 0. Potter. At first Oregon was not granted this form of relief, as thi-ough a misundering it was believed not necessary. Then the matter was reconsidered. At first there was some reluctance on part of growers to apply, then it was de- cided by some that this might be the only form of relief. This makes all the cranberry areas eligible. A spokesman for Ocean Spray asserts that while this is never a "busy season'' for cranberry sales, more sales are coming in than expected. Sixtee'n SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS »-«■ rOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN Vines for delivery in 1960 $125,00 Ton F.O.B. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES *********** Vernon Goldsworthy EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN ^'4 DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MFGS. of: SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CLIPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS Getsinger Retracto teeth pickers Dryers DISTR. of: VEE BELTS & PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Yoiy Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too I Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN m will not accept any cranberries in 1960 I from vines that have been treated with Amino Triazole in any manner in 1959 or 1960. I m. i «*■ V«i«iSSSitiiim. NOW IS THE TIME FOR THE INDUSTRY TO 'Xeep It's Chin Up Cranberries Magazine „ \l CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read vours in CRANBERRIES Magazine THE CRANBERRY INSTITUTE APPRECIATES THE CONFIDENCE THAT HAS BEEN PLACED IN IT BY THE CRAN- BERRY INDUSTRY. EVERY EFFORT IS BEING MADE TO EFFECT PROMPT AND PRACTICAL SOLU- TION TO THE MOST DIFFICULT PROBLEM. CRANBERRY INSTITUTE I I SOUTH DUXBURY Q MASSACHUSETTS I IVING A 520,000,000 A YEAR INUU51KY APE COD HEW JERSEY WISCONSIN .OREGON ' WASHINGTON CANADA I 35 Cents LEE CROWLEY, Youthful Washington State Cranberry Grower. MAf^lI'dO DIRECTORY For CRANBERRY GROWERS Wcrcester Paper Box Corporation MEDFORD, MASS. Tel. MYstic 8-5305 Manufacturers of Folding Cartons and Displays WATER WHITE KEROSENE For use on Cranberry Bogs Also STODDARD SOLVENT Prompt Delivery Service Franconia Coal Co. — Inc. — Wareham, Mass. Tel. CY 5-0039 CRANBERRY GROWERS Choose and Use Niagara Dusts, Sprays and Dusters Niagara Chemical Division Food Macfiinery and Chemical Corporation Middleport, New York New En^rland Plant and Warehoua* Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 Wareham Savings Bank Falmouth Branch Welcome Savmgs Account Loans on Real Estate Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent PHONE CYpress 5-3800 Kimball 8-3000 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men Funds always available for sound loans Complete Banking Service The CHARLES W. HARRIS! Company 26 Somerset Ave North Dighton, Mass. AMES Irrigation Systems Sprinklers Weed killers Insecticides Fungicides from Cal. Spray Chemical Company Dupont Company EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES Extensive Experience in ELECTRICAL WORK ALFRED PAPPI At Screenhouses, Boss and Pumps Means Satisfactioa WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. CY 5-2000 SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES Member b'eOeral Deposit Insurance Corp. CoUey Declares Prospects Are Brightening President of Institute prin- cipal speaker at annual meet- ing of American Cranberry Growers' Association in New Jersey. Annual winter meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held at the new Burlington County Administration Building- Febi'uary 26. A good gathering of New Jersey gi-owers attended this meeting presided over by President Hobart Gardner. Colley Encouraging The highlight of the meeting was the talk concerning the cran- berry crisis by Orrin G. Colley, President of the Cranberry Insti- tute. Mr. Colley gave the growers assurances that their cause was being vigorously represented in Washington. He stated that dis- mal prospects for relief from the Government were brightened con- siderably after the retainment of Attorney Joseph Parker, who is famed for his success in repre- senting agricultural commodity groups in their grievances with the Government. Mr. Parker is basing the claims of the cranberry industry on three acts which have already passed Congress and not on any new leg- islation. Mr. Colley told of a re- cent 'White House conference at- tended by the President's chief aides and gave encouragement that a top level decision would soon be made in favor of the cranberry growers' claims. He urged pa- tience and discretion. He did not consider it good diplomacy to open- ly discuss details of the possible actions the Government Was con- sidering, since they were still only in a delicate formative stage and could be upset by hurried demands or undue publicity. The fact that growers did not press him for de- tails indicates their acquiescence. Courage of Growers — Urann Marcus Urann, a director of the Cranberry Institute, made some FOR FLUMES PREFABRICATED SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. interesting remarks. He stated that -f he had to single out one fact that has made the strongest im- pression on him during the cran- berry crisis, it would be "the courage demonstrated by the cran- berry growers and their families throughout this ordeal". He also commended the Congressmen and Senators of the cranberry States who, regardless of party affilia- tions, are making a determined fight for assistance to the cran- berry growers. Gardner- Brooks, Inc. 140 Wilbraha^ Ave. Springfield, Mass. SUBSIDIARY OF THE dh. DIAMOND NATIONAL CORP. COLOR PACKAGING • FOLDING CARTONS • DISPLAY CONTAINERS • LABELS - BOX WRAPS SHEET LITHOGRAPHY • GREETING CARDS • GIFT WRAPPINGS • PUBLISHING By VELVATONE Process Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1960 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Masi. One Benson Called "Best Friend" Secretary Benson was acclaimed by both Colley and Urann for his unwavering- help during- the crisis. Colley declared that Benson was the best friend the cranberry people had in Washington and that through him the Institute was able to work from the top down rather than vice versa. He said that this had enabled them to make much faster progress. He realized that the growers must feel that things were creeping along, but without Benson's help it would have been much slower. Colley stated that Benson's favorite juice is cran- berry juice and that he predicts a tremendously increased market for this product. Jet Airport The proposed jet airport in the Lebanon State Forest in the heart BOX ESTABLISHED 1866 SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS We Will Buy Your White Pine Logs, Eithfi- Standini;- or Cut • Highest Prices Paid • Sawmi;! located at North Carver, Mass. Stop in at North Carver, or Phone Sharon, Sunset 4-2021 Hold full flavor in your cranberry pack of the cranberry growing area in Burlington County was discussed. A very large proportion of the growers appeared to be strongly opposed to it. Opposition is based on tax considerations, loss of pub- lic lands supposed to be held in trust for present and future gen- erations, and pollution and loss of ^ aluable v.ater supply. A motion to form a committee of three to study this proposal v/as unanimous- ly carried. Insect Control Phil Marucci of the Cranberry and Blueberry Research Labora- tory warned growers that in the long run the "natural enemies" of e:anberry growers were more im- portant than politicians and dis- cussed one of the most important of these, the cranberry tipworm, '.11 detail. Many growers an'ticipat- ing market problems may keep the flood water on their bogs until July in 1960 to kill this year's crop and strengthen the vines for 1961. He advised that unless tip- worm, army worm and grass- hoppers were controlled on these late-held bogs, the 1961 crop could be seriously hurt. Fred Mahn, soil conservationist, discussed ways in which the S.C.S. could help cranberry growers both in technical ^.lanning of ditches, reservoirs, canals, etc., and in cost sharing payments. Sanding Benefits The membership voted unani- mously to accept the proposal of the petitioning of the Soil Con- servation Services to make sand- ing of cranberry bogs a practice eligible for coat sharing payments. Under this proposal which was drawn up by Dave Jones, Hobart Gardner, Dan Kensler and Phil Marucci, a payment of $50 per acre would be paid for sanding an acre of cranberries. Election of officers resulted as follows: President, Anthony R. De- Marco, Hammonton; First Vice President, Clarence J. Worth, Mt. Holly; Second Vice President, Stephen Lee, Chatsworth; Secre- tary, Philip E. Marucci, Pember- ton, and Treasurer, Charles A. Doehlert, R. D. Columbus. Mr. Doehlert retired as horticulturist at the Cranberry and Blueberry Re- search Laboratory last July but will continue to serve his friends in this office. President DeMarco, assuming the chair, made short remarks in which he averred his faith in the cranberry industry and predicted not only a recovery of old markets but a large expansion within the next few years. He commended liobart Gardner's leadership of ;he organization in the most dif- ficult year the cranberry industry has faced. V.-- CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and ■popular Best Foods Division grocery brands for the consumer. Advertise In Cranberries Two Mass. Cranberry tation and Field Notes ^^ by J. RICHARD BEATTIE Exiension Cranberry Specialist Weather V/eather is one of the few sub- jects of conversation that cran- Leriy growers can discuss today in an impassive manner. It pro- vides a useful diversion from the many controversial and disturbing topics that eventually creep into the conversation. To this end the big storm of Mai'^ch 3 and 4 was indeed a welcome relief for all concerned with the unhappy sub- ject of amino triazole. With this thought in mind, a few comments on weather might be in order. Ir.e unusually mild weather en- ;;c:/ea through February came to an abrupt halt on March 1st. Temp- i.acures dropped into the teens, high winds were experienced both day and night, in fact there was tame concern that winter-killing conditions were becoming a threat to exposed bogs. However, any i". ossicle threat was quickly re- moved on the afternoon of March I rd when a real No'easter hit the entire cranberry area, deposit- ing a record snowfall of 18.9 inches £t the Cranberry Experiment Sta- tion. This was the largest accum- ulation for a single storm in our records. The town of Falmouth in Barnstable County reported nearly o ) inches for the 2-day blizzard. As S'jated earlier, discussions on rm'no triazole came to a halt for a few days, at least while the entire area devoted its energies to 'digging out". Coid weather has continued since the storm with the result that heavy accumulations of ice and snow may have created oxygen deficiency problems on flooded bogs. Temperatures have averaged 1° per day below normal for the first 16 days in March. As a pre- cautionary measure, a flash card and newspaper release were pre- pared following the storm, ad- vising the prompt removal of the winter t'locd in order to avoid oxygen problems. Records at our station shoivv there is little danger of winter-killing damage by ex- posing bogs this late in the season. In fact, no damage of this type has been observed after March 20. Green Scum Green scum has been reported on a I'ew bogs and should receive the growers attention. Removal of the flood will of course correct the problem. A few growers took advantage of the ice early in March and treated their prop- erties with copper sulfate as recommended in the weed control chart. Frost Warnings The Cape Cod Cranberry Grow- ers Association is again sponsor- ing the telephone frost warning service. Frost applications have been mailed to growers who have used this service during the last several years. HbWever, if a grow- er has not received an application but would like one, he should notify Mrs. Ruth Beaton, Treasurer of the Association, Wareham, Mass., or the writer. There will be no change in assessments or in the frost warning system. The frost pad for writing down the message has proved to be very popular and will be mailed to growers subscribing to the service. All applications should be returned by April 1st in order that the necessary arrangements can be completed prior to the frost sea- son. In view of the present crisis, there may be fewer subscribers in 1960. If there is a substantial re- duction, it may be necessary to reappraise the matter of frost assessments for another season in order to meet expenses. We hope tnis won't be necessary. The 1960 Cranberry Insect, Dis- ease and Weed Control Charts have been printed and mailed to growers through the county agents' offices. There was a delay in the printing of the weed chart because of a technicality involving iron sulfate which will be discussed under the appropriate heading. Extra copies of the charts are available at the County Extension Service offices or at the Cranberry Experiment Station. The major revisions and items for study in Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN EDWARD H. LEARNARD VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Thr«la the new Insect and Disease Con- trol Chart are as follows: Growers are urged to review the Notes found at the bottom of the chart. This important section contains a summary of flooding practices, suggestions on concen- trates, the use of the insect net, and a grub control table. The first major change in the body of the chart came under the section listed as Dormant to De- layed Dormant. The amount of dieldrin and aldrin was increased to 10 libs, actual per acre for the original treatment. In dry form these chemicals may be applied alone or combined with fertilizer. If dieldrin and aldrin is used to control cutwoims following the grulb flow, avoid drift to nearby bojgs; Heptachlor is no longer reconimended for pest control. "In the New Growth stage, the amount of aldriri was reduced to i pint in the recorhmended form- ulation. Under the 5% Bloom stage, zineb is the only fungicide recom- mended at present on the new chart. However, there is a pos- sibility that maneb and ferbam can be recommended for 1960 if clear- ance is obtained in time. In the Late Bloom section, para- thion is now first choice for the control of fruitworms, black- headed fireworms and blunt-nosed leafhoppers. Treatment involv- ing this particular chemical is confined to aircraft applications. A low-gallonage application of dieldrin and Aldrin by aircraft or ground rig has been added as a control for weevils. Diazinon, a relatively new insecticide, is now recommended for the control of Sparganothis fruitworm. Growers are urged to read and observe the Warning outlined in red ink at the bottom of the chart. The work of revising the Weed Control Chart was a frustrating experience for all concerned. Two useful chemicals, namely iron sul- fate and 2, 4-D had to be omitted from the chai't because of a tech- nicality involving their clearance, and a third, amino triazole, was dropped from the chart and is not recommended in 1960 in order to avoid further adverse publicity. Reference to these chemicals and tweed's effected will be made under the appropriate headings. The Notes and Cautions at the bottom of the chart should be re- viewed. Under the April to mid- May stage, it should be noted that haircap moss and sphagnum moss were omitted due to the lack of suitaible controls. For many years iron sulfate has been recommended and widely used on bogs and has proved to be a very useful herb- icide. However, we learned very R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE recently that it is not cleared for agricultural use, even though there is no public health hazard involved as far as we know. Until the situation can be clarified, it cannot appear on the chart. If clearance can be obtained this season, growers will be notified immediately. Wool grass and panic grass were added to the list of weeds controlled with No. 2 fuel oil and kerosene. Summer grass was included with the weeds con- trolled with Stoddard Solvent. In the Mid-May and June stage, needle grass, pitch forks, sand spurrey, tear thumb and asters had to be dropped from the chart until iron sulfate can be cleared. The use of amino triazole and dal- apon was discontinued and is def- initely not recommended as a con- trol for general ditch weeds. Under the June through August period, it was necessary to omit the four Ferns, marsh St. Johns- wort and cinquefoil until the sit- uation regarding iron sulfate can be clarified. While the list of weeds controlled by iron sulfate is rather impressive, a number of these weeds such as sand spurrey, tear thumb, marsh st. Johns wort, cinquefoil and the mosses are not of major importance over the entire area and are confined to a limited acreage. The use of 2, 4-D as an herbicide on the bogs was discontinued, which eliminates the practice of wiping the tops of such weeds as 3-square grass and leather leaf. Again, it is a matter of obtaining the pi'oper clearance for this useful chemical. In the After Harvest stage, amino triazole has been ommitted from the chart. Growers are urged not to use this controversial herbicide at any time during the 1960 season. Further research will be continued, but until the studies concerning its use can be com- pleted, its use should be discon- tinued. For the second year plans did not require a revision or reprint- ( Continued on Page 6) Tour Vy ^^'''''''"''"'''' '^^^^^ Issue of March 1960 - Vol. 24 No. 11 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St.. Wareham. Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per year. Butersd as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham. Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3. 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS February Very Warm February turned out to be the third mild winter month in suc- cession. It was the warmest Feb- ruary since 1954 and the second warmest in a quarter century. Total plus degrees ran up to 176, or labout six a day on the last day of the month. End of month was colder than the first part. There had been only .7 of an inch of snow on one occasion and three traces. So it was practically a snowless month. Mild Winter However, there were a number of days, as all during the winter, when high winds prevailed, many of these days bringing winds up to gale force. November was prac- tically a normal month. It had been a plus temperature month until the final day brought it down to normal. There were only a few snow spits. December continued on the mild side, no severe cold spells, water on ponds and reservoirs being barely frozen over for any length of time. There was skating on bogs after Christmas. Precipitation was about normal with 3.90 inches of which 6^/4 were snoiw. Coldest day of the winter occured in Decem- ber with 7 above registered at the State Bog. January was one of the mildest in many a year, 54 plus for the month. Precipitation was light 2.85 inches of which 8.20 snow. There was no bad snow storms during the month. February Precipitation Up Precipitation in February total- led 5.30 inches, with the average being 3.67. Many bogs, perhaps half, were out of water. Some had been pulled in late January when there was possibility of some oxygen deficiency. As weather con- tinued mild more flood was pulled. This was good for the crop and growers who had water off report- ed vines and buds looking good. There was a high sunshine factor. February was a beautiful month for cranberries, and March began with no loss because of oxygen deficiency or winterkill. Reservoirs, nonds and streams were well built up for spring frost protection. NEW JERSEY Continues Above Normal For the third consecutive winter month the weather in New Jersey -.1 has not been very wintry. Tbe^ average temperature for February ,.._ was 37.5°F., or about 2.8° above ^^^ normal. This marks six out of . the^ _. last seven months in which, .th.e'^^ temperature was above normal. .: .^ There were two days_ with the ,* maximum temperature in the six- ties and seven days in the range between 56 and 60 degrees. There ^ was not a single day in which the maximum was 32° or below. Less Snow Precipitation was 1.89 inchess more than normal, with a total of ' 4.66 inches occurring. There were only four very light snows which totaled only 1.2 inch. This is a- bout four inches le^s than the normal snowfall for this month. C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO. 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING FERTILIZING RAKING WEED TRIMMING Machinery Sales PRUNERS POWER WHEELBARROWS RAKES WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C. J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 Five I 6pen Water The flood water on cranberry bogs remained open for a very large proportion of the time and strong winds throughout the month assured high oxygen con- tent of the water. WISCONSIN For the cranberry area of the state, February was warm. The northern and central areas aver- aged 2 to 4 degrees above normal, with the southern area experienced beltfw normal averages of 1 to 3 degrees. Precipitation was also variable with the north receiving normal amounts of snow, the cen- tral area below normal and the couth very heavy amounts. At the end of the month the north had an average snow depth of about 24 inches, the central five inches and the south about 24 inches. Sur- prisingly the south received a record 34 inches of snolw during the month, which added on to the previous months snowfall totalled a whooping 77 inches compared to a full winters total of 40 inches. Temperatures the first week of the month were six to 11 degrees above normal, which left the south and central areas devoid of snow cover. The big storm of the 10th, which approached blizzard propor- tions, dumped snow over two feet and resulting drifts of 15 ft. in the south. The central area escaped this storm and lacked measurable snow cover until the 16th. These first two weeks of no precipitation and snow cover in the central area con- stituted a mid-winter drought in this area. The extended forecast for March is for below normal temperatures and normal to below normal precipitation. Limited Sanding With ideal weather conditions prevailing some limited sanding and dyke hauling continued in the state. This limited work is ex- pected to continue into March if colder weather prevails and de- lays the early spring breakup. Winter Satisfactory The winter to date could be clas- sified as most satisfactory as far as any damage to the vines is con- cerned. There has been little chance for oxygen defeciency conditions and with adequate ice coverage no chance for winter killing of ex- posed vines. FHA Loans A state wide meeting of FHA administrators from the cranberry Mroducinr^ counties of the state •VIS held in Wisconsin Rapids on Fe^b. eth. The state FHA director, A'^-'-ri Hpnson and Mr. CLnyton rL"*\"f>--! tinues. Some depreciation of bog can be expected when there is no bog maintenance. Depre- ciation is not a cash cost and its full impact can be postponed to a final reckoning day or a point of no return to produc- tion. Weed encroachment on bogs receiving no care in 1960 will probably be less for Howes than for the Early Black variety. The dense growth of the Howes tends to be more difficut for weeds to penetrate. A summer flow for root grub will not only destroy this pest and other insects — it will elim- inate the crop. In fact, vine damage from the grub and the flooding will probably necessi- tate replanting patches of the bog. This decision involves bal- ancing (1) declining crops from grub damage with (2) curtailed crops from the control program plus rebuilding costs. Higher yields and net returns, three and more years in the future must foe anticipated when the decision to summer flow for root grub is planned. J. Will Some Other Product or Use of Facilities Pay Better? A grower who is deciding •whether to leave all or part of his bog acreage untended in 1960 should consider other use of the time and facilities freed. A full-time job away from the bog may provide higher net returns than a cranberry enter- prise coupled with part-time odd jobs, the latter limited by extent of cranterry operations. A bog owner with a blueberry plantation, a nursery business or other enterprise should give careful consideration to whether labor freed from cranberries can be dismissed or more profit- aiijly used elsewhere. One ques- tion is, will the cr'anberry enter- prise pay its direct production costs in 1960 and help with fixed costs. A related question is whether more time and other production materials, freed from cranberries, and devoted to other productive alternatives will provide a higher net in- come. D. Costs and Their Relation to Size and Ownership of Bogs Costs of cranberry production can be divided into three parts: 1. Fixed cash costs - whether you produce or not. a. Real estate taxes. b. Interest on real estate debt. c. Insurance on buildings and equipment, fire, wind, and liability 2. Direct cash costs of pro- duction a. hired labor b. pesticides c. gas and oil d. fertilizers, other supplies e. repairs to break-downs f. machine hire g. other operating expense 3. Assigned costs or desired returns for a. Depreciation b. Operator and family labor c. Interest on owned invest- ment Families fully owning and operating their bogs have less cash expenses than large corp- orations which must hire all labor, the most important pro- duction item on bogs. These same families can choose "Op- eration Belt Buckle" in the short run, receiving no return for depreciation and none on investment. If returns for their labor and living are unsatis- factory they may be freer to seek more profitable alterna- tives. Operators of part-time bogs may have even greater freedom in meeting fixed bog expenses and necessary family li\in<^ costs from other sources of income. The corporation or large owners of bogs may be forced into a least-loss situa- tion rather than the highest profit combination in holding their productive facilities to- gether during this market crisis. !I. Alternative ways of Producing Cranberries Where anticipated gross receipts = n 1960 from both the 1959 and i960 crops appear inadequate to cover both cost items 1 and 2, a borrowing of capital may support the productive organization until supply and demand are in better adjustment to each other. Pi'oduc- tive combinations with such high proportions of fixed and direct cash costs of production need care- ful scrutiny as to lower cost or more efficient ways of performing essantial operations. Unless there is a special price differential offered, the productive combina- tion producing the finest quality toen'ies appears to be a costly one. Once slack in management is taken up (e. g. better timing of sprays, etc.) improved quality can only be obtained by added care and costs in sprays, handling, etc. With depressed market condi- tions there is little anticipation that added costs to secure max- imum yields will pay. On the other hand, the least cost combination is rarely the most profitable one. Using less sprays, less fertilizer and other materials could easily cut production and its value more than the expense saved. Each practice must be evaluated as to whether its present or future bene- fits will more than exceed its added cost. Summary Bog operators face an uncertain consumer demand for cranberries in 1960. With the continued carry- over of 1951- inventory some de- pressing affect on grower price is anticipated. Although the Ocean Spray Cooperative provides a mar- ket channel for its members and probably others willing to join, their functions of assembly pro- cessing and merchandising do not mean a ready sale for all berries available in 1960. Probably gross receipts will ex- ceed direct cash costs involved in production. The difference will be available towards meeting the fixed cash costs which exist whether berries are produced or not. Since many cranberry facil- ities, (e.g. bogs) cannot be used for other products some returns from cranberries are toietter than none. Thus, until a more favorable market is assured, the major 1960 decision is: will such labor and capital as can be freed from cran- berries pay better in any other use? READ CRANBERRIES ADVERTISING Eight Lee Crowley, Son Of Retired D. J. Crowley Becomes A Cranberry Grower Long Beach Youth, 22, has Planted Between 6 and 7 Acres by Clarence J. Hall Lee Crowley, son of D. J. Crow- ley for many years director of the Washington State Cranberry- Blueberry Station, and Mrs. Ruth Crowley, has definitely cast his lot with the cranben-y industry. He is in the business, like most growers, because he likes it. This is a way of life which he has selected for himself regardless of its fluctua- tions and other hazards. Lee is 22, more than six feet tall and may fc'e described as of the quiet type. He graduated from Ilwaco High in 1955. Outside of being a member of the Long Beach Cranberry Club and the Long Beach Presbyterian Church he has no other affiliations at the present time. He was recently elected to the board of trustees of the Church. He has been around cranJb'erry bogs since he was able to walk. He has worked in every phase of the cranberry business with the exception of marketing. When Mr. Crowley retired in 1954 he did so because he had reached the compulsory retire- ment age for Washington State College faculty members. He was not ready to retire from active work, however, and he and his three sons expanded the farm and planted some cranberry acreage. The two sons are Jim who is now at the University of Washington enrolled in a pre-med course and the other is David who is still in the local school. The Crowleys own 250 acres of land on Pioneer Road at Long Beach. This was cleared. Because there is a lot of upland there is a small herd of beef cattle so as to utilize that part of the property. There are between 40 and 50 head of Herefords on pasture during the summer and the herd will ^e in- creased as more land is cleared and planted to grass. The farm therefore will have two "crops". But the emphasis will be on cran- berries as the acreage is increased. The first acre of bog twas planted in 1956 and Lee harvested about 110 barrels last fall. Most of the bog is not yet in production but Retween 6 and 7 acres are now planted. An overhead sprinkler system has been installed for irrigation and frost control. As to amino triazole and the critical situation of the industry, D. J. Crowley believes the Secretary of Welfare Arthur S. Flemming on November 9th last did a dis- service both to the public and to the cranberry industry. He believes that further research will prove that ATZ is a comparatively harm- less heAiside considering the amount of residue which was found on cranberries. He thinks further research will clarify this and the scare may react very fav- orably for the cranberry industry. At least, he says, "everybody has now heard about cranberries." The Crowleys think the Long Beach area along the Pacific Ocean is a most beautiful part of the country in which to live. They are pleased that one meml!ber of their family wanted to become a cranberry grower. They are enjoy- ing their retirement. While Mr. Crowley acted in an advisory capacity to Lee, it is Lee who is now the "cranberry grower" of the family. Launch National Easter Cranberry Promotion Grocery stores, allied manufac- turers, food trade associations and the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture are rallying behind a big Nation-wide Sale of Cranberries for Easter, Ocean Spray reports. With Ocean Spray leading the parade, Easter advertising, store promotions, holiday serving sug- gestions will join forces in a unique lend-a-hand promotion stretching across the nation. The cranberry's 5>ounce-back powers have not been reduced by depressed sales in recent months. Normally at peak sales at Thanks- giving and Christmas, cranberries have had their third biggest market at Easter. Easter 1960 is expected to be no exception. Basis for this prediction is the steady, through gradual, improve- ment of cranberry movement at the retail level, according to sur- veys conducted fly Market Re- search Corporation of America and A. C. Nielsen. Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., handling 75% of the nation's cranberry crop, credits the whole- hearted cooperation and assistance of the food trade, allied manufac- turers, along with government de- partments and farm groups for the progressive recovery of cran- berry sales. Larry E. Proesch, Ocean Spray Director of Market- ing, states that "offers of help are coming to us from all directions, and we are receiving enthusiastic backing from the trade in the coming nation-wide sale. "Launching the campaign, "he reports, "will be full-page, full- color advertising in Life Magazine, with local cooperative advertising tying in cranberries with Easter hani or turkey." Feature of the point-of-sale material is a theme poster for wall or store window, headlining "Nation-wide Sale Cranberries for Easter". Imprint posters, wrap- arounds, shelf talkers, riser cards and newspaper mats highlight the nation-wide sale or cranl^arry com- binations with poultry or meat, while recipes and news bulletins blanket the coiintry with holiday serving suggestions. "We feel confident that Easter will be the turning point in the business crisis facing our indus- try since November," concludes Mr. Proesch. "April should see cranberry sales at or f^etter than normal." Nine Cranberries, Their Size In Relation To Weather I. E. Demoranville, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station The original purpose of this study was to find when the cran- berry fruit had attained its max- imum growth. Many growers be- gin harvesting the last feiw days in August and by September 8th to 10th, harvesting is general. If the weather is favorable, up to 40 percent of the acreage may be harvested by September 20 th. There was a possibility that many growers were losing a fair per- centage of their crop by harvesting before berry growth had been com- pleted. This study was started in 1953, and all samples were taken from various areas on the State Bog at East Wareham. The areas to be sampled were chosen to have a uniform stand of vines and a crop that was at least as good as the state average (state average 1953- 1959, 34-50 bbls./A). The only varieties considered were Early Blacks and Howes which produce 96% of the state crop. The cran- berry is probably the only peren- nial crop where the grower can partially control the times of blossoming and fruit maturation. This is accomplished by holding the winter flood on the bogs until late May, called late water, caus- ing the plants to blossom later than normal and the fruit to ma- ture later (usually 10 days to 2 fweeks). The two types of culture for each variety are considered. Average berry weight is used rather than berry size because nearly all growers are paid on a weight basis. However, berry size Berries from First Harvest to Optimum Growth. Percent Increase in Weight of Table 1 Year 1953 Water Management and E.W. L.W. E.W E.B. E.B. H. 8.8 3.1 Variety '. L.W. H. 1954 9.2 4.6 1955 12.9 4.1 1956 12.1 14.2 7.5 4.4 1957 19.5 23.3 9.6 2.0 1958 6.0 4.5 7.4 1959 11.2 7.9 6.1 and berry weight are closely cor- related within varieties. The data shows that the most practical time (on a weight basis) to begin harvesting "early water" Early Blacks is from September 13 to September 19, "late water" Early Blacks September 23 to Sep- tember 29, "early water" Howes October 3 to October 9, and "late water" Howes anytime after Octob- er 9. The first general fall frost on bogs has occurred from Sep- tember 16 to October 7, with the average date being September 25. Early Blacks, both "early" and "late water", show an average in- crease in weight of nearly 12% in the 2% week period from the date of first harvest to maximum berry growth (Table 1). This means that growers who harvest early may be losing about 6 bbls. per acre, or in normal years about $66 per acre, on a crop that is average for the state (50bbls. per acre). Many growers, however, are raising 100 bbls. per acre and in this case may be losing approxi- mately $130 per acre. Howes did /CvJ ck: C?v %?'^ ^ ^ r.-'X /;-? mso «g£>fS9 {Si /A • ;?AviA'> -•/■.■>./ J^- .i^ .y'^^i-^.^ '%^v>i;i '-'>?-- >"*y .,<<»* "''"^T"-'—".* «(<• \t >■ ***< ■ fS:, ^-*^ --«..■- )fS grower woi-.d file the weed, f.?rtilizer and pesticide charts which are prepared by Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association and distributed through county agents. Also favoring the bi'l were apple growing interests and the Massachusetts Fai-m Bureau Fed- eration. Those opposing included wildlife, fish and game, groups .and those interested in mosquito control. Bill was itroduced by George Michaels, State Officer of Public Health and the Farm Bureau. A NEW BLUEBERRY Collins. A new blueberry variety has been named and introduced by the U.S.D.A. It was tested as 18-116, a ci-oss of Stanley and Weymouth made by the late F. V. Coville in 1936. It ripens Sietween Earliblue and Bluecrop. The plants are said to be erect, vigorous and moderately productive with about the same winter hardiness as Berkely and Pemberton. The fruit is borne in medium- sized, rather tight, attractive clus- ter. The berries are as large as Earliblue, firm, light ?»lue in color and are highly flavored with sweet to mild subacid taste. Fruit does not drop or crack. It is recom- mended by the U.S.D.A. for trial as a second early large fi-uit variety for the northeast. Bushes of this variety at the University of Massachusetts are still too young for fruit evaluation. (John S. Bailey in "Fruit Notes") Eleven RESOLUTION The Governor's Council of Mass- achusetts last month unanimously voted to accept a resolution to the Governor. The members drank a toast of cranberry cocktail on the occasion. The resolution was sub- mitted by Ernest C. Stasium read as follows: Your Excellency: i respectfully ask your Excellency to use the prestige of your office to request of the members of Con- gress, and in particular the New England delegation, to support any bill which may effect a sound Tank Truck Service & High - Pressure Spraying WATER WHITE KEROSENE STODDARD SOLVENT goay5 f ^ lyr AC f^ARVER I INC. OF CARVER COLEMAN HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING OILS Touraine Paints Hardware SANDVIK SCYTHES (ALSO CALLED FINNISH SCYTHES) CARVER SUPPLY CO. UNiON 6-4480 Carver, Mass. MARCH 1960 MARCH FORWARD INTO ANOTHER SPRING, AND ACTIVE SEASON, HAVE — ELECTRICITY — AT YOUR BECK AND CALL, IN YOUR CRAN- BERRY WORK — IN YOUR HOME. Plymouth County Electric Co. WAREHAM CYpress 5-0200 PLYMOUTH Pilgrim 6-1300 measure of relief for the cran- berry industry. This industi-y has suffered re- cently in an amount estimated at $27,000,000.00 because of incidents fwhich can only be interpreted as an act of God for which nobody can be wholly held responsible — certainly not Commissioner Flem- ming' for doing his job; — certainly not the cranberry industry for trying to improve and maintain the quality of their product. This matter vitally affects the economy of Massachusetts and in particular the district I repre- sented in this honorable body. The necessary relief will not and cannot come from the gi'anting of loans to an industry already impov- erished by this great loss. Relief cannot come by the pur- chase of some 7 or S7f of the crop by the Surplus Commodity Division of the Federal Govern- ment. It would seem to me, that with the Government expanding several millions of dollars per day for storage purposes alone for com- modities gro^vvn in other areas, that it would not be unreasonable for the Federal Government to make an outright grant of the money necessary to stabilize this industry in this period of disaster. I respectfully ask my colleagues to join in this resolution to the members of Congress by your Excellency. CRANBERRY FLOAT LONDON ILLUSTRATED "Illustrated London News," Lon- don, England has a series of pic- tures and a brief article upon "Cranberry Gleaning by Speed- boat; a New Devise in U. S. In- dustry." Although this is scarcely new to the cranberry growers now, a floatboat at Marshfield, Mass- achusetts is shown at work and also getting the berries ashore after they have been floated. Article also referrs to Flemming statement stating the "industry was critically disturbed," by the situation. Machine shown is that developed by John Garretson for Garretson Cranberry Company. Twelve FLEMMING ON 1960 Arthur S. Flemniing, secretary of Welfare, Health and Education, is reported as saying- in Pitts- 'burg'h intei-view he sees little chance of another "cranberry scare", in connection with the com- ing 1960 crop. He said he felt certain the few cranberry growers who violated the amino-triazoie regulations would repeat. "I feel certain next fall's crop will be perfectly safe," he is C[Qoted as saying. He added the in- dustry is vigorously urging its members to use the aerbicide cov rectly. It is not expected any of the material will be used this year, as such use has been pro'nbited by Ocean Spray and othe'^' dis- tributors. Blueberry Growth In New Jersey Times advertiser of Pemberton, New Jersey in a current 25th an- niversary edition pays tribute to the growth of the New Jersey blueberry industry in that period. Article says this activity has con- tributed much to the prosperity of the region. Two-thirds of the crop is handled through the Blueberry Cooperative Association. Organized in 1927 with but 9 members the co-op handled the first season only $45,000 in money volume. In 1959 there were 332 members who shipped more than $3 million dol- lars worth of berries. Total for New Jersey was nearly $5,000,000 last year. Biggest single day's shipment in history of the co-op was 37,000 crates in the peak of the 1955 season. This represented about as many berries as was shipped by the organization during operations of the first year. President is Fred Scammell of Toms River. First president was H. B. Scammell of Toms River. WISCONSIN FROST WARNINGS In a letter to members of Wis- consin State Cranberry Growers, Prof. G. C. Klingbeil, secretary- treasurer tells that on May first frost warning service will again begin under Meteorologist Jim Georg. Members who sign up are assessed 60 cents per acre. The services include: frost warn- ings twice daily from May 1 to October 15, the forecasts being sent out twice daily from about 25 radio and TV stations and one daily radio repoi-t on a national hook-up, the facility to call the meteorologist directly if a grower so desires. It is pointed out there is an unlimited amount of adver- tising as the result of the frost warning, which alone is worth the price many times over. "One of our jobs," Dr. Kling- beil asserts "is to get cranberries on the shopping list of every con- sumer." ing this. Growers were to be urged to report any instances to a spe- cial bog vandalism committee of the association. First vice-pi-esident Philip H. Gibbs of South Carver presided in the absence of president Gilbert T. Beaton, Raymond H. Morse, Robert C. Hammond, Mrs. Ruth Beaton, treasurer, J. Richard Beat- tie, cranberry extension specialist, all of Wareham; Louis Sherman, Plymouth; Dr. C. E. Cross director. Experiment Station; Howard Kill- er, Marion. No Spring Meet For Berry Group Directors of Cape Cod Growers' Association meeting March 8th at Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wardham voted not to hold a spring meeting this year. It was decided no gathering would be held unless special circumstances necessitated as there had been large attendances and many mat- ters discussed at winter cranber- ry club meetings. Group voted that the frost warning sei-vice costs be at the same rate as in the past. These rates are based on a sliding scale of acreage. Bog vandalism has continued through the past months and there was discussion concern- MISS BUCHAN NAMED COUPTTY CHAIRMAN Miss Betty Buchan, publicity, Ocean Spray Cranlberrio/s, Inc., has been named by Gov. Furcolo as temporary chairman of a Ply- mouth County (Massachusetts) Group to promote the state as a desirable place in which to live, work and vacatioin. There are county groups all over the Com- monwealth. These groups will formulate plans for a statewide civic comimittee to "boost Mass- achusetts." First Plymouth County meeting was scheduled for Tuesday, March 29 at Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. headquarters, Route 27, Han- son. READ CRANBERRIES :;^— UM — UN>^— IIU— WE NEED CLEARANCE One of the major things the industry needs now is an issuance of general "purity" of the crop from Secretary of Welfare, Health and Education, or other Government department. This clearance of the crop as a whole, which has never been had, would make a tremendous dif- ference. It would clear the consumerb' minds of any suggestion of a taint. It was government allegations which produced the so-called "cranberry scare," and it seems only justified that in view of the facts that such a clearance could now be issued. Understanding is that only about 330,000 barrels of the million or so crop have been tested to date by Food and Drug. In view of the fact that figures seem to show that less than 3/10 of one percent of berries were found tainted and these from only about ten growers over the whole country, that a blanket clearance could be ordered — or further testing and, then a clearance. Massachusetts Senator Leverett Salt- onstall is reported to have made such a position to Welfare Secretary Flemming, in a letter. He pointed out, citing Mass- achusetts berries only, but which apply to the entire crop in general, that such a small quantity of berries was found tainted that the cranberry industry should have far better treatment, than it has thus far been accorded. Assistance with the testing program to the end that a general clearance may be issued would seem to be the least the Government can do, he further urged. BETTER TO PRODUCE I" . . . some returns from cranberries (in 1960 production) are better than none," is what Prof. Bradford D. Cross- [r mon said in his important paper before F Massachusetts cranberry clubs, carried in full in this issue. We agree with that and imagine the majority of cranberry growers CLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey will. We don't believe too much acreage as compared to the total will be held out of production through flooding or lack of bog work. As Dr. Crossmon says. Mother Naturo may produce a big crop anyhow, even if unaided by the growers to any great ex- tent. A bog or marsh will go to pieces if certain major controls are neglected. In the long run it is probably better to try and produce and keep the bogs up, even though this means borrowing money and it may seem discouraging in view of the surplus which will develop next fall. SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS CRANBERRY PRODUCTS GOES INTO JUICE Cranberry Products, Inc., Eagle River, Wisconsin has gone into production of cranberry juice and expects to be in full production within a month. President Vernon Goldsworthy feels that this is one of the better ways to cut down the cranberi'y surplus. The con- sumer demand for this item is increasing and if the industry can increase its use this will be a liig help. Eagle River also supplied 5,000 4-ounce jars of spiced cranberries at a banquet of the National Tur- key Federation. A letter from M. C. Small, executive secretary- treasurer of the Federation to Mr. Goldsworthy stated in part "We emphasized the fact that it was a gesture on our part to indicate continued confidence in the cran- berry industry, and our desire to cooperate in every way possible to help promote the happy mar- riage of turkey and cranberries that has existed for many, many years." Subscribe To Cranberries LATE NOTES Winter really set in in early March for Massachusetts growers with the first big snow storm of the year March 3 and 4. As a matter of fact tlhis was called tiie worst single storm in 90-year history of Boston Weather Bu- reau. Driven by a northeast wind snow was deposited to a depth of 19 inches at Cranberry Experi- ment Station, East Wareham. Thirty inches at Falmouth on th^^ Cape and to various other levels at various points. Drifts were much higher. The area wvis all but paralyzed for a day or two. As the weather was cold several day before the big storm, reservoirs and ponds were frozen over and the snow cover remained thick. This brought about conditions ideal for oxygen deficiency on bogs and the Experiment Station sent out warnings to growers through newspapers and radio to withdraw the flood from bogs. Much acreage, however, was already out of water when the storm struck. How serious the condition was will not be known immediately. iFollowing the storm cold weather set in. To March 11 there was a minus of 74 degrees or prac- tically 7 a day. With suc-h cold. HUME PRODUCTS CORPORATION Designers and manufacturers of •DEGRASSERS machinery for the cranberry industry •DRYERS • CONVEYORS reaching 8 above on the 11th, melt- ing of the cover was slow. New Jersey got nine inches of snow on the 2nd and 3rd. Wisconisin was having bitter weather the first of the month. There were well below zero read- ings and temperatures had been 10 to 15 degrees below normal since March 1. CRANBERRY CiRANGE RELISH S/——- March averaged five degrees per day below normal and the first half of April was about a degree and a half per day above normal. Incidentally, temperatures dropped to the middle high teens on some hogs April 18 and 19. Bogs in Easton, Sharon, Foxboro, and Car- lisle were beginning to "green up" by April 19 but bogs near the coast have shown little change in color except in sheltered locations. However, a few warm days could change the picture very quickly, wthich leads up to the subject of frost. Frost Service AiTangements have been com- pleted to send out frost reports over the telephone and radio. The Cape Cod Cranberry Growers As- sociation is again sponsoring the telephone frost warning service. Mrs. Ruth Beaton's record shows 160 subscribers compared to about 185 last year at this date, or a loss of 25 subscribers. While this is not considered to be a serious problem, at least under present conditions, we sincerely hope that a number of the "regulars" will mail their applications to Mrs. Beaton. The below radio sched- ule will supplement the telephone relay system. This is the same schedule that has been used for the last several years. Preliminary Keeping Quality The preliminary keeping qual- ity forecast was prepared April 5 and has been mailed to growers throug'h the county agents' offices. It reads as follows: "Preliminary Keeping Quality Forecast: Ex- amination of weather records through March 5 points out a pos- sible 10 which favor good keeping quality fruit next fall. This is 3 points more than a year ago this date and the most points in recent years. We believe that the prospects at this time are good for the general keeping quality of the 1960 Massachusetts cranlberry crop. However, this forecast is intended only as a guide. We know that certain bogs produce poor quality fruit regardless of how favorable a general forecast may be. Fun- gicide treatment should be consid- ered for such bogs. For details, see the new insect and disease control chart.'' We regi-et the delay in mailing the new pest control charts to growers. The delay was due to a legal complication involving the use of iron sulfate which we had hoped to clarify several weeks ago. Through an oversight it was not included in the list of chemicals exempted from tolerance require- ments when used according to good agricultural practices. Ev- ery effort was made to have iron sulfate placed on this list but ap- Dial Station Place A. M. P. M. Afternoon Evening WEET Boston 590 k. 103.3 mg. 2:00 0:00 WBZ Boston 1030 k. 92.9 mg. 2:30 9:00 WOCB W.Yarmouth 1240 k. 94.3 mg. 3:00 9:30 WBSM New Bedford 1230 k. 97.3 mg. 3:30 9:00 Brewer & Lord INSURANCE 40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ARTHUR K. POPE CONVERSE HILL WILLIAM B. PLUMER ROBERT A. SULLIVAN EDWARD H. LEARNARD HORACE H. SOULE CHARLES M. CUTLER EBEN A. THACHER HERBERT R. LANE VINCENT M. WILSON JOHN B. CECILL, JR. Serving the People of New England Since 1859 Three' parently this procedure will re- quire some time. Until the situ- ation can be clarified, iron sulfate, along witih several other chemicals, had to be omitted from the chai'ts. Dr. Fred Chandler and Irving Demoranville have comipleted a bulletin entitled "Cranberry Va- rieties of North America." It is a very comprehensive piece of work, representing many hours of labor by the above authors, the former director of the Station, Dr. H. J. Franklin, and Joseph Kelley. The bulletin contains a description of 56 varieties — ^both old and new — plus many interesting points of in- formation. Copies are available at the county agents' offices and at the Station. Growers will be sorry to hear that Dr. Chandler has been hospi- talized for several weeks and is not expected to be back on the job for some time. We are sure that his many friends will want to write him a card wishing him well. His address is Front St., Marion, Mass. TEMPORARY FHA FIELD OFFICE, MASS. STATION A temporai-y field office of the FHA has been opened in the con- ference room at Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station, East Warelham to care for emer- gency cranberry loans under the special disposition of this form of loan. In charge is Robert B. Kill- er of Marion, with Charles Starr, supervisor of the main office at Providence sometimes also in at- tendance. Hours are from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Wednesdays with special meetings by appointment on Thurs- days. This will be in effect until June 30 when the date for appli- cation of this form of loan expires. MARKETING ORDER MEET IN WASHINGTON STATE A meeting -was recently held by cranberry growers of the Gray- land, Washington area to discuss the theory of Marketing Orders. Purpose of the meeting was to present to the growers a review of experiences of other commodities and other areas which have oper- ated under both state and federal orders. The question arose in the Gray- land area as a result of a sincere effort to investigate the available resooirces which might be of future help to industry. Little interest exists among the Washington growers to establish action for an C. & L. EQUIPMENT CO 191 LEONARD STREET ACUSHNET, MASS. Cranberry Bog Service PRUNING RAKING Machinery Sales PRUNERS RAKES FERTILIZING WEED TRIMMING POWER WHEELBARROWS WEED TRIMMERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS - Large & Small For Further Information Call . . . F. P. CRANDON Rockwell 3-5526 C J. TRIPP Wyman 4-4601 H. C. LEONARD Wyman 3-4332 industry-wide marketing o r d e i for cranberry growers, particular ly now in view of the fav-orabk action from Washington in regart to partial indemnification for th< 1959 crop losses. A BOOST FROM CONTINENTAL CAN Continental Can Company, Inc in its monthly publication "Cannec Foods Merchandising Digest," car- ried an insert in a recent issut boosting cranberry sales. This urged the use of cranberry sauce for every meal, and used the slo- gan "Cranberries, the Natural Mate for Every Meat." This pub- lication reaches approximately 115,000 people monthly. READ CRANBERRIES ' ADVERTISING Western Pickers Parts and Repairs Agent for 1960 Model ORDER NOW J. E. BRALEY & SON 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW MIDDLEBOROUCH TRUST COMPANY MIDDLEBORO MASS. Member of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Issue of April 1960 - Vol. 24 No. 12 Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.50 per ye«r. Entered as second-claBs matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 8, 1878 FRESH FROM THE FIELDS Compiled by C. J. H. MASSACHUSETTS March, Month of Snow March, contrary to the past succeeding months turned out to be the most "winti-y," and out of season month. There was more snow on the ground than on any other month. During the month there was recorded at the Cran- berry Experiment Station a total of 23.30 inches of what was class- ified as snow and sleet. Most of this fell in the blizzard, the worst in many years of March 3 and 4 — and it lingered on during the month. Total precipitation was recorded as only 2.40 inches, how- ever. Colder Than Normal The month, as might be expected also averaged out colder than normal. It was more than five degrees a day colder. There were many days of bitter wind, which made it, as a whole, a very dis- agreeable 31 days. This was the first time March has been colder than February since 1872. By April first most of the bogs that w^ere not being held for late water were bare of the winter flood. This constituted well over 50 percent. Many had been out since the latter part of January when there was a warning from the Experiment Station that there could be oxygen deficiency from light snow on ice. In fact a few bogs had had no winter flood at all, as the weather had been so mild. Bogs in general looked "good" for the coming crop. Mass- achusetts did not "throw" a really bumper crop last fall. There was no winterkilling nor any oxygen d'eficiences during the winter, so np loss from those sources. NEW JERSEY MARCH BITTER Having had an unusually mild winter through February, we rather expected that in order to bring the winter's average temp- erature closer to normal, it would be quite cold in March. However, we did not imagine that it could be as severe as it was. The first 26 days in March were all below normal with several record lows recorded. The average daily temp- erature for the first 17 days was below normal and six of these were below freezing all day. Four times the temperature went below 10°F. and on 14 days it was 20°F. or below. The extreme low was 4° on March 7. The average temp- erature during March was 32.4°F., almost 10° lower than normal and the coldest March on record at the Laboratory. The closest to this was March of 1941, when it averaged 36.6°. COLDER THAN JAN.— FEB. This was only the second month in the past eight months in which the average temperature was colder than normal. It was colder than January and February by 2° and 5°, respectively. Although the winter months of December, Jan- uary and February were all warmer than normal, the exremely cold weather of March brought the mean winter temperature to below normal. The average for the four winter months was 35.5°F. as com- pared to the normal of 36.6 °F. 10 INCHES OF SNOW Nine inches of snow fell on March 3rd and an additional one inch occurred on March 5th. Since R. F. MORSE & SON West Wareham, Mass., Tel. CY 5-1553 Cranberry Growers Agent For Eastern States Farmers' Exchange Insecticides - Fertilizers - Fungicides Bog Service and Supplies Agent for Wiggins Airways Helicopter Spray and Dust Service DEPENDABLE ECONOMICAL SERVICE Five this came during a severe cold snap, when there was about six inches of ice on most bogs, the oxygen content of the flood waters quickly declined and by March 10th the oxygen level on several samples was very low. Conse- quently an oxygen deficiency warning was sent out to all cran- berry growers, most of whom withdrew the water from their bogs. TOTAL RAINFALL The total rainfall during the month was 2.14 inches, about 2^/^ inches below normal. Almost all this resulted from snow. There was snow cover on the ground for 15 days, which is another record for March. PETITION DISAPPROVED Word was received from the Soil Conservation Service that they had disapproved the petition of the American Cranberry Growers' Association to have sanding of cranberiy bogs listed as an ap- proved practice for which growers could receive cost sharing pay- ments. This Petition had been ap- proved at County and State levels but was defeated in Washington. Officials ruled that this was not conservation practice and that it was not similar to other weed and tree growth control measures in the Agricultural Program which are primarily for noxious weeds. WASHINGTON COLDEST MARCH Weather for March was the coldest temperature in the entire history of the Cranberry Experi- ment Station at Long Beach. On March one there was a reading of 15 degrees on the bog with max- imum of 70 on the 20th. The last week of February was rather mild with a minimum of 15 to 19 de- grees each night. Rainfall for the month of March totaled about 9 inches. As April opened up there was apparently going to be an early Spring. A number of flowers were already in bloom and shrubs, trees, etc. looked as if they would be in bud before long. Work at the Experiment Station has been progressing satisfactorily. Applications have already been made for a number of new herbi- cides, more than ever before and these with others will be applied later on in the season. Main em- phasis will be on herbicide work. Most of the blueberry plantings hava been removed and from now on work will be restricted to work I Retain natural flavor I I without over- sweetness | I ^^ H .^^ m^aa. ^^ ® I I I Manufacturers of fine products for the food industry . . . and M popular Best Foods Division grocery brands for the consumer. WS& HMI HNH Mm MM MM MM MM! MM MM MM! H AND ® '•♦...♦ CORN SYRUPS CORN PRODUCTS COMPANY on this crop in maintaining a variety test and on continuing work on crossing the domesticated varieties with several of the wild species. Other work this year in- cludes nutrition studies of cran- berries and additional investiga- tion on the control of frost injury. Few Apply For Emergency Loans In spite of the current outlook several have applied for help to install sprinkler systems, so it is apparent they have not lost faith in the cranberry industry. A few new plantings are being made and spring activities were underway by the last day of March. WISCONSIN The Good News In contrast to the bad news of last November 9, the good news of March 30th relative to indemnifica- tion for the country's cranberry growers has been the main topic of conversation. Growers are anxiously waiting for the detail plans and also the green light on the disposition of some odd hun- dred barrels of berries in growers warehouses throughout the state. It is estimated one third of the states one hundred fifty ware- houses have berries in them. Only a small percentage would be sal- vageable and then the quality would be sub-standard. One of Coldest Marchs For the record March was one of the coldest on record. The northern part of the state averaged six degrees below nor- mal, the central eight and the south about fifteen. The north had below normal precipitation, the central well below and the south way above normal. The south had very heavy snow, which was fol- lowed by two and one half inches of rain the last of the month. With milder temperatures finally ar- riving on the 27th, the snow cover disappeared in the central area, although there was snow in the north at the end of the month. Flood conditions prevailed in the south but the other areas ex- pected little flooding due to be- low average snow cover. The month can be summed up as 27 (Continued On Page Sixteen) Six A REAL CRANBERRY BOOSTER IS ROBERT A. ALBERGHINI He Works at the Business, as Technical Assistant at Massachusetts State Bog — Assists on Bogs of his father — Has just been re-elected Secretary-Treasurer of South Shore Cranberry Club. He thinks cranberries, grows cranberries, works at cranberries and eats them. This Robert Alden Alberghini is a real cranberry booster. Young Alberghini is now tech- nical assistant at Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station. Last month he was elected for the second time as secretary-treasurer of the South Shore Cranberry Club. He plans to make cranberries his life work. He says he has been in cranberries "my whole life," and "although things don't look too bright right now at the moment, I intend to make a career in association with the cranberry industry." He was born in historic Ply- mouth, Massachusetts, July 7, 1935, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Alden Robert Alberghini. His father owns 13 acres of bogs in Carver and adjacent kingston. After putting in a full week of work at the State Experiment Station bog at East Wareham he spends his spare time — or much of it — ^working with his father on the family bogs. He frost flows on cold spring and fall nights, does whatever he can to help out. He came to the Experiment Station in the summer of 1954, after being graduated from Ply- mouth High School in 1950, and being graduated from the Stock- bridge School of Agriculture, Uni- versity of Massachusetts. There he studied agriculture and subjects wihich would help him especially in cranberry culture. He came to the Station as field hand and was pro- moted to technical assistant last December. At the State Bog his work is so varied that it is hard to define it. But he has a hand at almost every experiment which is conducted there and then assisted in carry- ing through the research to a log- ical conclusion. This he consid- ered invaluable experience to any- pne who plans to make cran- berries a career. He has been assigned to research problems on many bogs and thus has become familiar with a great variety of cranberry bog problems. He has watched these problems from weed control to insect control. This has entailed a lot of hard physical labor, which he has put in at the State Bog. He was given a leave of absence from the Experiment Station to serve in the Armed Forces from 1957-58 with the U. S. Coast Guard. He was stationed at Lorain Station at Nantucket and also at Woods Hole, Massachusetts spend- ing a year at each position. He returned to his East "Wareham work after getting his discharge July, 1959. Alberghini has attended meet- ings of Massachusetts Cranberry clubs since he was old enough to understand anything about the cranberry business. He belongs to no other organizations than to those pertaining to cranberries. As stated before he not only works at cranberries, but he eats them enthusiastically "in any form." He likes sauce, juice, cock- tail, any sort of cranberry dish. He speaks with pride of the cran- berry sauce his wife makes. She is the former Beverly Ann Busi of Plymouth. They make their home on Gotten street in Ply- mouth. When "Bob" finds a little spare time he likes to put it in at hunt- ing— deer, rabbits, pheasant, quail, in season. He also likes to bowl on an occasional evening. While in school he studied bee culture. This summer he plans to put in four hives of bees at the Carver bogs of his father. These will be useful in pollination there, but he intends to build up the colony in time. "I love living things such as bees, useful crea- tures," he says. CRANBERRY PICKING BOXES Shocks, or Nailed Let me repair your broken boxes — or repair them yourself. Stock Always on Hand F. H. COLE Tel. Union 6-3330 North Carver, Mass. A Good Flume Is Your Insurance For A Good Crop USE ALL HEART REDWOOD We have a good stock of All Heart Timbers 6x8 — 6x6 — 4x6 — 4x4 Planking - Square Edged or Matched 2x6 — 2x8 — 2x10 — 2x12 LET US ESTIMATE YOUR FLUME AND BUILDING NEEDS E. W. Goodhue Lumber Co., Inc. MIDDLEBORO ROAD EAST FREETOWN, MASS. Seven MASS. PEST CONTROL THOUGHTS 1960 William E. Tomlinson Jr. Pest control at present cannot be neglected completely, but I'm sure no one "will argue the desir- ability of keeping costs of pest control at a minimum. With this in mind there are a few practices that may be helpful. Number one is holding the water until late May where you have facilities and water supplies to do so. This practice in most years will very nearly eliminate cran- berry fruitworm, or at least re- duce it to a level where control measures are not necessary. In addition, late water held over entire bog, so that high edges are under, concentrates the emergence of insects into a much shorter period of time so that conrol of firewoi'ms in particular is possible with one well-timed sr.i'ay or d.ist in all but the most irregular and rank vined bogs. The second approach is in a re- version to real old-fashioned meth- ods. In the not so dim past, ample water supplies were an asset, not only in frost control but in insect control. With the exception of weevil, leafhopper, Sparganothis, and Tipworm all important spring insects can be satisfactorily con- trolled with reflows. If done with care and water is not held un- necessarily long, crop reduction can be held to a minimum. If the bog has a poor keeping quality record, the use of reflows after Memorial Day is poor policy. For those who can't hold late water or reflow easily, the cheap- est and most effective insecticide application methods should bs used. For the larger growers that means air-applied concentrate sprays. For the smaller grower, do it yourself semi-concentrate spray rigs are hard to beat. Even the larger grower could use them to advantage in isolated pockets of infestation, hot spots and during poor flying weather. The spray chart has been re- examined and gone over with a fine-tooth comb for any recom- mendations not in line with Eight U.S.D.A. and F.D.A. approval have been made to correspond to approved U.S.D.A. labelling; specifically for malathion in the concentrate sprays and aldrin and dieldrin for weevil in the summer brood and aldrin in the spring under New Growth and Rough- neck. For grub control we are allowed 10 pounds of actual aldrin or dieldrin in the early spring or after harvest. This was our orig- inal recommendation and results in other areas on other crops sup- port our findings that on peat and muck soils more toxicant is re- quired because the chemicals be- come tied up in the soils rather quickly, so that only part of the toxicant is available for killing grubs. Manipulation of water to control pests is briefly summarized as follows: 1. Normal winter flood-controls Red striped fireworm. 2. Hold winter flood till early May — controls Yellow headed fire- worm. 3. Remove winter flood before May 20 — ^controls Black cutworm. Spotted cutworm and Armyworm. 4. Hold winter flood till after May 20 or reflow Apr. 20 - May 24-31 — controls fruitworm, False armyworm and Southern Red Mite. 5. Reflow about May 18 for 10 hours — controls False armyworm and blossom worms. 6. Remove winter flood early and reflow from May 20 to July 1.5-20 to control root grubs, white grubs and all other insects. T.Reflow June 1 and 12 for 10 hours — controls black-headed fire- worm, green spanworm, spotted cutworm, black cutworm, sawfly and armyworm. 8. Reflow June 1 for 36 hours- controls weevil (Not recommend- ed). 9. Reflow 24 hours just as first few blossoms open — kills V2 hatch of blunt-nosed leafhopper, and controls spittle insect and cran- berry black bug. 30 hours controls spotted fireworm. (Not recom- mended). 10. Reflow 24 hours in August — controls fruitworms and girdler. (Not recommended). 11. Reflow 6 days by September 25, with late berries still on vires if necessary — controls girdler and blossom Avorm. OFFICIALLY ACCEPTED USAGE OF PESTICIDES RECOMMENDED ON CRANBERRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS Exempt from the requirement of a tolerance when used according to good agricultural practice are: 'Copper Sulfate Petroleum Oils - Kerosene, No. 2 Fuel Oil, and Stoddard Solvent Rotenone Materials having an established tolerance that we recommended at present are as follows: Tollerance in Parts per million Pesticide (PPM) Pounds actual Pesticide per acre Min. Allowable time from last applic. to harvest Aldrin 0.1 0.25 to foliage 21 days Aldrin 0.1 5.0-10.0 to soil Pre-bloom or post-harvest DDT 7.0 6.0 35 days Diazinon 0.75 3.0 7 days Dieldrin 0.1 1.25 to foliage 21 days Dieldrin 0.1 5.0-10.0 to soil Pre-bloom or post-harvest Ferbam 7.0 6.8 5% Bloom & mid-ibloom Malathion 8.0 1.5 3 days Maneb 7.0 7.2 5% Bloom & mid4)loom Parathion 1.0 0.4 15 days Parathion 1.0 1.0 30 days Zineb 7.0 6.0 5% Bloom and mid-bloom 2,4-D 2,4,5-T Silver 0 ) Not recommended for use on vines so no 0 ) tolerance required because no residue will 0 ) result from this usage. 12. Reflow 17 days, starting- by September 25 — controls fruitworm and sawfly. Remember that black-headed fireworm larvae are killed more easily by flooding- when near maturity. Short floods for big ■worms are safer and more effec- tive; long- floods against smaller larvae. 6-day flood in late September, even with late berries still on vines, should be considered if reg- ular sanding program is aband- oned. Should be done every 2nd or 3rd fall to prevent development of girdler infestations. Also remember that reflows, particularly after June 1, tend to increase fruit rots, and also may smother developing blossoms. Flow on and off during night. I still like the concentrate spray rig for the control of most cran- berry insects. We have a safe recommendation for its use against all pests except fruitworms, where we have run into blossom and berry blasting with Malathion, and para- thion is too dangerous to recom- mend for general grower use. We are working on this problem with materials that I hope will over- come this weakness in controlling fruitworm with grower operated concentrate rigs. Diazinon might be tried, but we have had some trouble with burning when using the EC in concentrates and haven't tried the wettable, and we don't like Diazinon for fniit- worm as well as some other insect- icides anyway. Relative efficiency of spray nozzles on concentrate sprayers has not been worked out on cran- berries, but results on other crops indicate the hollow cone on a boom is the most efficient unit because of thorough coverage and even distribution that it gives. APRIL WARMER IN MASS. FIRST 3 WEEKS April to the 21&t had been warm- er than normal in Massachusetts by a total of 34 degrees. No frost FOR FLUMES PREFABRICATED SEE RUSSELL A. TRUFANT - HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT PREFABRICATED FLUMES BOG RAILROADS UNION 6-3696 North Carver, Mass. warnings had been sent out from the State Bog to that date, al- though there was a cold night on the 19th, with a little ice in the ditches, but the bogs in general are late this spring and it was figured that no harm would occur. You'll never know what a field can yield until you use You won't ever know what your fields can yield xmtil you try the remarkable premium ferti- lizer. Rainbow Plant Food. Rainbow is several cuts above anything you've ever used be- fore . . . tailored for our local soils and crops, and scientifi- cally designed to feed crops aU season long. Put Rainbow on your own soil this year. See how much more a field can yield . . . when fertilized with Rainbow Premi- um Plant Food. Call us for full details. DIELDRIN WITH RAINBOW Control Insect! Added to RAINBOW as an acid in the control of Root Grubs - Wireworm - White Grubs - DIELDRIN. For convenience and economy fertilize and destroy insects in one operation. Ask Your Local Dealer INTERNATIONAL MINERALS & CHEMICAL CORP. WOBURN, MASS. Nine Mechanization Program (Editor's note: Following is a report given by Jo'hn "Stan" Nor- ton engineer, Massachusetts Cran- berry Experiment Station at final meeting of Massachusetts Cran- berry Clubs.) The sprinkler frost protection work was continued last spring and fall. More data were collected on temiperature differences that could be maintained with a 65 GPM/acre application rate. Also, in the spring, work on the experimental bog vehicle was con- tinued. This project, since it does not tie in with any particular sea- son, is frequently inten-upted by the seasonal urgency of other pro- jects. The basic vehicle has been constructed and has been in and out of the shop under its own power a number of times. However, difficulty is maintaining align- memt of the belt has thus kept us from running it on the bog. Ditch Cleaner The work on the ditch cleaner was continued during the summer. The carriage was made self pro- pelled. However, the small engine we had on it did not have suffi- cient power to drive the cutter with four blades on it. We acquired a new 5 HP engine about the first of the year to try on this ma- chine. Needless to say, it has not yet been tried. I am hopeful that this method of cleaning ditches will prove to be considerably fas- ter and less expensive than hand cleaning. I feel certain that it will be when compared to hand cleaning that results in as clean a ditch as the mechanical system will pro- duce. The goal I am aiming for is 10 feet a minute operating speed. With this operating speed the average production would probably be down in the range of 50% of that, when the time required to move from ditch to ditch or bog to bog is taken into account. Water Raking During the harvest season some preliminary work was done on bruising as related to the speed of operation of the picking maehine. This work indicated that bruising would be increased 50% or more by changing from an operating speed of 3/4 MPH to IMPH. Re- ducing the speed to 1/2 MPH did not materially reduce the amount Th. LIBERTY CROP DUSTS For Aircraft Application are available on the Cape from R. C. MOSSMAN Horticultural Sales 30 South Main Street West Bridgewater, Massachusetts Tel. JUniper 3-9112 representing HUBBARD-HALL CHEMICAL CO. General Offices: Waterbury, Conn. •of bruising below the '6IA MPH figure. More extensive studies will have to be run before average figures for the amount of bruising caused by the picking machines can be determined. The great gams in average pro- duction that Wisconsin is making over Massachusetts led us to ini- tiate a new study in water har- vesting. We want to determine whether the production from areas harvested in water will increase from year to year over adjacent areas harvested dry. We feel there is a possibility that the vines suf- fer less damage in water harvest- ing than they do in dry harvesting. If this is true, the production should increase. With these thoughts in mind we harvested three areas in water: One with a Darlington, one with a Getsinger which is used in Wisconsin, and one with a water reel like they use on the West Coast. These same areas will be harvested by the same machines for several years with each year' scrop com- pared to that from adjacent dry picked areas. New Type Separator Ehiring this past fall and winter we have continued work on the experimenrtal separator. A new model was built using smaller roll- ers. The latest version, offers new hope for a machine that would be superior to the bounce board sepa- rators, in regard to shelf life of the product after separation. lOur one-acre sprinkler system is getting a good work-out in our research program. As we reported last year, it was being used for irrigation, frost protection (When recommended by forecasters) in- secticide, fungicide and fei"tilizer applications. Now in addition to these, it has been used for winter protection of the bog. This winter protection program is based on theories of Dr. Berg- man and others that cold injury often occurs to the buds in the fall before the winter flood is applied (Dr. Bergman found injury in flower buds taken after the tem- perature fell to 15° on November 8, 1958). In this experiment the T«n irrigation system was set to come on automatically at 28° on Octo- ber 1. The control was set one de- gree lower each week until a start- ing temperature of 20° was reach- ed by December 1. After Decem- ber 1 the system was to be oper- ated whenever ice could be built up and expected to remain through the next day. The spring program will call for th system to start automatically whenever the bog- temperature falls below 32°F. This will be initiated as soon as we are aible to determine that the buds have started to grow. Dalapon For Weed Control by Malcolm N. Dana Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin Elton B, Gass Elton B. Gass, assistant to Dr. Bei-t M. Zuckerman, pathologist at 'Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- ment Station, East Wareham died March 29 at Tobey Hospital, Ware- ham. He was 53. Mr. Gass had been doing val- uable work in assisting Dr. Zuck- erman in his studies of nematodes on Massachusetts cranberry bogs. This is a comparatively recent and important project of research. He had been employed at the Station for about a year. Born in Watertown, April 24, 1907, he had been a resident in Wareham for a number of years and for a time was employed as a cranberry foreman for the J. J. Beaton Company, Wareham. More recently he worked for the Cape Cod Shipbuilding Corporation at Wareham. He served for several years in the U. S. Coast Guard and then worked for Chamberlain & 'Co. in Boston in the wholesale meat business. In 1941 he re-enlist- ed in the Coast Guard and served through World War II on convoy duty in the Carribean and Green- land runs. He was brought back from overseas duty to attend Officers Training at New London at the Coast Guard Academy. Upon his discharge in 1948 he held the commission of lieutenant. He is survived by a widow, Winifred (Evans) Gass. A replacement at the Cranberry Station is being sought. Label registration for the use of dalapon on Wisconsin cran- berries was granted by the United States Department of Agriculture in January 1960. This registration followed the establishment of a safe tolerance level (5 ppm) for dalapon on cranberries by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The label registration for cran- berries reads approximately as follows : "Over-all treatment applied 10-12 pounds per acre of Dow- pon as a spray application (dis- solved in water) in the fall af- ter cranberry harvest for the control of grass and sedge weeds, including wide leaf grass, bunch grass and round rush. Apply when the ground is dry. Dowpon at this rate, will pre- vent next year's crop so such application should be made only to young, non-iproducing beds, or old beds which are so badly infested with grassy weeds as to be unproductive. Do not har- vest the crop the following year. Swab treatment - Apply Dow- pon (to the grass and not to the cranberry foliage,) at the rate of 2 pounds in 5 gallons of water (up to 5 gallons mixture per acre) as a swab treatment as soon as the grassy weeds appear above the vines. Swab applications will suppress growth of grassy weeds and may result in crop reduction in the year following application if the concentrated solution is applied carelessly by dripping, on to cranberry vines. Do not apply within 60 days of har- vest." Registration was granted for the use of this material only in Wisconsin marshes. Insufficient data was available from other areas to support a petition for registration. It is the purpose of this brief paper to more fully set forth the situations in which dalapon may be used without undue risk of vine injury and to re-emphasize tihe limitations, other than legal, which must be imposed upon the use of this material. Dalapon is primiarily useful as an herbicide on certain sedge and grass species. It has little or no effect on any broadleaf weeds other than a foliar burning on sensative kinds. The suggested uses that will be presented here will involve only grass and sedge species. We know that the use of dalapon will usually result in vine injury, the amount of injury depending on the quantity of material used peracre and the method of appli- cation. Spray applications, either after harvest in the fall or before the blossom period in the spring, will result in malformed blossoms which fail to set fruit. Low rates of application, 1 to 3 lbs/ A, may not destroy the total crop but they may be expected to materially re- duce production. Rates of appli- cation of 5 lbs/ A or more can be expected to completely eliminate the crop for one year. Applications by the swab method are known to be less injurious than spray appli- cations but here also the rate of herbicide must be kept at a low level if undue injury is to be avoided. Spray applications may be use- ful in two situations. In very weedy, poorly producing sections where the predominant weeds are bunch grass, wide leaf grass, and round weed a fall or early spring application of 10-12 lbs/A of dalapon may be very beneficial. Wisconsin expeiience indicates that a fall application is more effective than equal quantity of herbicide applied in the spring. This kind of application will de- stroy the coming crop of fruit but, if successful, it should benefit fu- Eleven ture crops. This kind of treatment has also been very effective on beds of young, non-producing vines which were (heavily populated with bunch grass and wide leaf grass. Spray applications during the summer have not been too effective for weed control and have resulted in excessive injury to vine foliage as well as fruit buds and flowers. Swaib applications have been suc- cessfully used 'by a numiber of Wisconsin growers and with less success by other growers. Those that have been happy with their results ihave limited the concentra- tion of material to approximately 21t)s. in 5 gallons of water and then walked at such a speed as to apply approximately 2 gallons per acre. Usually two swabbing per year are sufficient to suppress grassy weeds for the season. The first swabbing is done June 10 and the second shortly after blos- soming. Considerable care must be exercised when using the swab to prevent dripping of the solution directly on the vines and to mini- mize doubling or overlapping of the swab swath. Growers who have used concentrations in excess of 2 lbs. in 5 gallons or who have been careless with their application technique have often found that fruit production was reduced in the following year. Swabbing with the concentra- tions recommended on the label of the material will not kill many weeds. This method suppresses the grasses and miay be used as a supplement to or replacement for mechanical clippers. A grower who has not had experience with this material is urged to act with cau- tion by working out techniques on to larger areas only when he has gained an understanding of the a small acreage and proceedings limitations of the material. You can damage your crop by the improper use of dalapon. Prop- erly used, however, dalapon will cause but a minimum amount of vine injury and may be of consider- able help in controlling certain grasses and sedges in cranberry beds. Large Property Changes Hands In Wisconsin Central Cranberry Company, Brazeau Bog has new own- ers, has 100 Bearing Acres. A large cranberry marsh sales has gone through in Wisconsin. This is the sale of the Central Cranberry Company at Cranmoor, principal owner B. C. Brazeau. The new owners are his brother, Richard S. Brazeau, Ben Pannkuk, vice president of , Indian Trail Wisconsin Rapids, and Theodore H. Brazeau, all of Wisconsin Rap- ids, Nelson Johnson, St. Lucia of British West Indies and Rich- ard Yankey of Kansas City. Possession was taken April first and reputed sale price was $240,000. The property consists of 3300 acres, with 120 acres of cranberry vines of which 100 acres are in production this year. The prop- erty ranks as one of the best equipped and most attractive cran- berry marshes in the countiy, and has been known as a showplace of cranberry cultivation. The marsh is an old one, first established in 1873 by John H. and Antoine Ai*pin and was ac- quired by B. C. Brazeau about 30 years ago. The new company is known as the Winnebago Cranberry Corp- oration and the property will mar- ket its crop through Indian Trail, Inc., as it was formerly done. Facilities for sorting and packing cranberries there will be available to surrounding marshes, as in the past. Officers of the new corporation are T. W. Brazeau, president; R. S. Brazeau, vice president; Pann- kuk secretary and Theodore H. Brazeau, treasurer. Johnson and Yankey are also members of the board of directors together with the officers. SUBSCRIBE TO CRANBERRIES ■'*«i^" HmMOPtmPEST CONTROL qqins illrwau I S /NORWOOD. MASS. ' DUSTING and SPRAYING RAY MORSE, Agent TEL. CY 5-3928 Twelve Growers To Get Indemnity From The Government Announcement was made March 30 from Washing-ton that partial indemnification was to be given to cranberry growers of the coun- try. Announcement was as follows: "The White House today an- nounced that the Department of Agriculture will offer to make indemnity payments to cranberry growers, who through no fault of their own sustained losses on berries harvested in 1959. "The Department of Health, Ed- ucation and Welfare v/ill undertake, cooperatively with the growers a program of testing and certifica- tion. "These actions represent an effort to assure the wholesomeness of all cranberries offered to the public, restore consumer confi- dence in the product and assist cranberry producers who suffered an impairment of their market as a consequence of improper use, by a few growers of the weed-killing chemical amino triazole. No pay- ments will be made on berries found to be contaminated. "Payments will be made pur- suant to the authority conferred by Section 32 of Public law 320, Seventy-fourth Congress, ap- proved August 24, 1935 as amend- ed, and will approximate $8.00 per ban-el of cleaned, marketable cranberries. "Various alternative methods of assisting- the cranbei'ry grow- ers have been explored, the in- demnification procedure, which been found to be legally appropriate by the Comptroller General, was chosen as the only satisfactory approach. "Details of the offer to make such payments will be issued shortly by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, 25, D.C." This was signed by James C. Hagerty, press secretary to the President. The amount specified is not to exceed $10,090,000. Growers had asked for $27,- 000,000 in full indemnity of losses as estimated to have been s'ds- tained. However $10,000,000, dis- tributed among the industry in ac- cordance with berries produced will go a long ways toward saving the industry from the catastrophy which was previously feared. As this issue goes to press, details of payment are being worked out in Washington. Announcement of what these details will be is being anxiously awaited by growers of every area. In the meantime, bog activities are going ahead with re- newed assurance. Washington Weed Conference A major conference on cranberry weeds was held in Washington last month at the Long Beach Cran- berry Blueberry Experiment Sta- tion, with weed control authorities present from that state and Oregon. Growers attended from Washington, Oregon and British Columbia. There were several chemical company representatives present as well as staff members of Washington State University. Nolan Servoss, Extension Agent for Pacific County, Washington was chairman. There was a panel of growers. Object of the meeting was to acquaint growers with require- ments of the pesticide laws and of what the Universities are doing, and to give growers the oppor- tunity to present their views. A resume o(f the meeting follows: Dr. T. A. Merrill: (Chairman, Dept. of Horticultui-e, Washington State University) said "I have re- cently attended the meeting of the Noi'thwest Canners and Freezers Association and pressure is being put on the industry. They are try- ing to establish contacts with the growers of processing crops to try to list the pesticides acceptable for use. They listed the pesticides acceptable for each crop. Each grower will be expected to sign a contract and follow the instruc- tions to the letter". Dr. Telford: (Chairmaji, Deipt. of Entomology, W.S.U.) said, "the U.S.D.A. must register all pesti- cides used by growers; insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators and chemicals which control nematodes. The first law was passed in 1910. Any chem- ical company at that time could sell a product and make almost any claim. Vex-y little control of the standards of pesticide applica- tion was possible as a result the grotwers were using chemicals very injurious to the health. The government had to prove the case against the chemical. In 1947 the insecticide, rodenticide and fung- icide act gave the consumer con- siderably more protection. "The 1947 law put the burden of proof on the chemical industry. It was necessary to register first with the U.S.D.A. and there was considerably more standardization of chemicals and also a closer check. This concerns only those (products that are shipped inter- state. 1959 brought under the 1947 law a number of other chem- icals. In obtaining a registration and a label there is a considerable amount of research necessary which must be in the back ground. The manufacturer has to present to the government this informa- tion and prove that the residue, if any, is not a health threat. 1906 were the first food and drug laws. Very similar to the 1910 Federal insecticide act. "In 1938 responsibility (was put on the food manufacturer and the farmer. The Miller bill in 19.54 was an amendment of the 1938 law and covered only those chem- icals which were used on raw crops, hotwever, the 1938 law had a provision for getting a tolerance. The 1958 Food Additives bill estab- lished tolerances primarily for the processor. The important thing about the food additives bill for tolerances is they will not exceed the tolerances established by the Miller bill. This is carried into the field of animal feed. Dried fruits have had a bad time as the amount of residue increases with the dry- ing. The bad thing albout the Food Additives bill is the Delaney Cancer ammendment. The U.S.D.A. ties in with Food & Drug Admin- istration in that it shows the use- fulness of the chemical to the grower." Dr. Romeo Legault, Chairman, Dept. of Agriculture Chemistry, W.S.U. reported "the work of 30 years ago was devoted to organic phosphates. The growers were the ones who called attention to the change brought about by the Miller bill. We instituted a program in our Extension sei-vice that allowed for no recommendation being made unless the chemical industry test- ed the product and it iwas released by the U.S.D.A. To save time we are trying to integrate our work with that of central research at Washington State. We have cen- tralized residue work for economic reasons to avoid duplication of Thirtee'n effort. The procedures in analysis for a tolerance are very different and very difficult to learn in all given cases. The equipment is costly, the cost is now about $25,000 and with the increase in the number of chemicals it wili increase to $50,000. We have taken advantage of the fact that we have a good chemistry laboratory at the Western Washington Experiment Station at Puyallup. The magni- tude of the problems have in- creased. We have several dozen chemicals and we have analyzed thousands of samples." "Sometimes we come only as close as 65%. Together with a sample of the treated crop we require a control sample that has not been treated with the chemical at all. The amount of residue de- pends to some extent on how much time is put into making the analysis. Up to .03 and .04 ppm false positive response shows in all control samples. With the new methods a very small amount of amino triazole may be identified. How to establish a zero level of residue of the chemicals is the problem. The best we can do is try to do a thorough job. We are now armed with tracer atoms but it again is a costly process. Food and Drug will now require that kind of information to be used. It will be necessary to take samples from a much larger areas as there may be even some variation be- tween bogs. We are faced with a demand for information. Millions are being spent on the search for disease control and as a conse- quence let us not think things will become any easier in the lab- oratory but undoubted will become more complex. It takes two years for toxicity trials on laboratoiy animals. Question: Heston Weyrich: Grays Harbor Extension wanted an explanation of a zero tolerance. John O'Hagan, Grayland grov^^er read a statement about amitrol being found in broccoli naturally. Legault answered and stated that F.D.A. had refuted this statement in a chemical magazine. Mr. Eichman, Representative of iStauffer Chemical Company and Northwest Representative of West- em Chemical Association, said "The Western Chemical Associ- ation and the National Chemical Association have fostered these laws. The larger chemical com- panies have been following the procedures mentioned in these laws. The reason was to prevent the fly by night companies from coming in and doing things detri- mental to your industry and to our industry. The Delaney amend- ment iwas approved by all inter- Foiirtpen ested parties in the closing mo- ments of the session. Because they could not say they favored cancer for the consumer and no time was allowed for reorganizing the bill." Mr. Eichman then showed a film showing the chemical industry and it's effect on the average family. Dr. Charles C. Doughty, Super- intendent of Cranberry Blueberry Experiment Station. Dr. Freed (Assoc. Chemist, Dept. of Agr. Chem. Oregon State College, Cor- vallis, Ore.) had sent word that "application of amitrol post-har- vest and not beyond Jan. 1st show- ed no residue over the unsprayed blocks. Applications after Jan. 1st showed increasing residues." No hei'toicides are cleared for usa on cranberries at the present time except petroleum oils and dalapon. Dalapon has recently been granted a tolerance of 5 ppm on cranberries. No other herbicides are cleared as yet. The clearance on dalapon specifies a post-harvest application and the berries may not be used during the season in which the dalapon was applied. "The only applications of dala- pon here in Washington have been limited to iwiping applications in which the material is wiped on the grass tips without being al- lowed to come in contact with the cranberry leaves. This technique has produced good results on bogs that have a grass problem where the grass protrudes above the vines. Fall applications of gran- ular dalapon were applied post- harvest in 1959 on cranberry vines infested with perennial grasses, dumps of the perennial grasses, which normally grow all year around in this region, appear to be dead at the present time. The rates of application were 10, 15 and 20 lbs. of actual chemical per acre. Several other granular herb- icides were applied during Nov- ember 1959. These included Zi- tron, Atrazine, Simazin, Falon, chloral IPC. Some of these mater- ials have proven effective against the perennial grasses. Some other materials applied on October 10, 1959, 3 weeks prior to harvest on cranberries infested with loose strife, equisetum and a few other broad leaved w^eeds are: MCP, sodium salt; 2, 4-D PGBE esters; 2, 4-D Amine; Ipazine; Atrazine; Propazine and Trietazine. The MCP and 2, 4-D applications pro- duced a good kill on both loose strife and equisetum with very little vine damage appearing to date. Herbicide applications during the 1959 season showed several chemicals which appear to be very promising, these were applied March 4th to 9th 1959; Sesone, at 1 1/^ to 3 lbs. actual per acre, Sim- azine 10% grannular at 4 lbs. actual per acre, chloral IPC 10% granular at 10 lbs actual per acre, Falon emulsion 7^A lbs acual per acre and 2,4-D 30% granular 4 lbs. actual per acre. These mater- ials produced a fair to good con- trol with very little reduction in yield. The materials were applied when the vines were still in a dox'- mant condition and after the weeds had started growth. These mater- ials will be tested again during the 1960 season, to get a more complete evaluation of their effect on the weeds and cranberry vines. Post-harvest applications of Ami- trol have produced good control of equisetum. The residue left by the post-harvest application is being investigated at the present time but the results have not yet be- come available. Growers Panel: Frank Glenn, Long Beach grower; Ray Bates, Oregon grower, Norman Brateng, Long Beach grower and moderator. Frank Glenn: "How important is amitrol to the company and to the profits." If it is a nonpatented product they will pass the buck to the colleges. He listed the chem- icals that could be used at this time: Aldrin, Captan, Dalapon, D.D.T., Dieldrin, 0,0-diethyl 0-(2- isopropyl - 4methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate, Ferbam, Fluorine compounds, Lead arsenate, Mala- thion, Maneb, Methoxychlor, Nic- toine-containing compounds, Para- thion, Toxaphene, Zineb, and Zi- ram. At the present time the chem- ical companies are only applying for clearance and tolerances on patented chemicals they them- selves produce. Chemicals which no longer carry patents, such as 2,-4D and 2,4,5-TP, are not being cleared as no one company feels they can afford to pay clearance and tolerance costs if all com- panies are going to benefit. All growers should put pressure on the companies to obtain clearance on all pesticides that can be used on cranberries. Ray Bates: 1. Growers should cooperate with the Experiment Stations to speed up as much as possible the clearing of pesticide chemicals for use on cranberries. 2. All growers should make sure they follow directions on the labels and not apply pesticides on crops which are not listed. This is for their own benefit as well as the companies. 3. Science is important to the cranberry industry but is stymied by weed problems with not enough chemicals on the hori- zon to use. Norman Brateng: Necessary for each individual grower to write to state and na- tional legislators and congress- (Continued On Page Sixteen) ^dJt^|ji_al5 .■B — -i«|y^— K^^it nil urn ■■■■» I ■■ ■■— ■ ISSUE OF APRIL 1960 Vol. 24 - No. 12 -Hii*-*ii« CsSJ^^ While the cranberry industry did not achieve the high hopes it had for com- plete indemnification for the 1959 crop market failure, it should be thankful it is to get partial Government redress. Assuredly, $8.02 a barrel is better than nothing. This is better than letting the fruit rot, without any return other than that already received. The industry is certainly grateful to the untiring efforts of the officials of the Cranberry Institute, who were delegated a most difficult job and attained a consid- erable measure of success. It is also appre- ciative of the efforts of those members of the House and Senate from all cranberry areas who worked to bring about the partial indemnification. These would include many, and perhaps especially Senator Leverett Saltonstall and Congress- man Hastings Keith of Massachusetts as representing the largest growing area. Also from New Jersey, Senators Clifford Case and Harrison Williams, Jr. and Con- gressmen Frank Thompson, Jr., James Auchincloes and Milton Glenn. Mr. Thomp- son also served as secretary of the Congressional Cranberry Committee. In Wisconsin Governor Gaylord Nelson and Lt. Gov. Philleo Nash were especially active. Also to others who might have not been expected to be helpful to cranberry growers is appreciation deserved. Orrin G. Colley, president of Cranberry Insti- tute tells us there were "hundreds" of others who came forward to add their weight to the plea of the distressed growers. These would include those related to the food industry in general, who realized the great injustice which had been dealt to the vast majority of suffering and innocent cranberry grow- ers. There were telegrams, letters, tele- phone calls from over the entire nation. There were the Farm Bureau Federation, the "White House Aides," and others, too many to mention. It is suggested that it would be a splendid gesture of gratitude for growers OLARENCE J. HALL Editor and Publisher EDITH S. HALL— Associate Editor Wareham, Massachusetts SUBSCRIPTIONS, $3.50 Per Year, FOREIGN, $4.50 CORRESPONDENTS— ADVISORS Wisconsin LEO A. SORENSON Cranlberry Consultant Wisconsin Rapids Wisconsin Washington Dr. CHARLiES C. DOUGHTY Cranberry Specialist Long Beach, Wash. Oregon GRANT SCOTT Coquille, Ore. Massachusetts Dr. CHESTER E. CROSS Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham, Mass. EDWARD K. KNAPP Barnstable County Agricultural Agent OSCAR S. JOHNSON Barnstable, Mass. New Jersey P. E. MARUCCI New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station Pemberton, New Jersey to express their appreciation to their particular representatives who worked so hard to bring about this partial Govern- ment payment. That all this effort was necessary to, in part counteract the statements of one branch of the Government on "Black Monday," November 9th last, seems almost impossible to believe. This indemnifica- tion, aside from the financial aspects, should go far to help restore the reputation cranberry growers in general had before the prolonged "scare," of "tainted" cran- berries came about. That this was not warranted is entirely beside the point. Fifteen Wash. Weed Conference (Continued From Page Fourteen) men about the need for changing the Delaney amendment and the pesticide la'ws to facilitate the clearing of more pesticide chem- icals. Mr. Eichman stated that Sima- zin was worth going after but not 2,4-D or 2,4,5TP which are non- patented. I WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES - FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS - WETTABLE POWDERS - EMULSIONS Parathion — Malathion Ferbam — Dowpon Liquid and Granular Weed and Brush Killers Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. P.O. BOX 584 MADISON, WIS. Phone Alpine 7-1019 ^lliniH ■ B ■ IS B I CRANBERRY ORANGE RELISH &ti*€ifiM THE FROZEN FOOa CASE MR. GROWER Our Job is working for you. Merchandising and Marketing Wisconsin Grown Cranberries Fresh or Frozen SN, [fcmaH|taU FROZEN FRESH WHOLE INDIAN TRAIL INC. Wisconsin Rapids WISCONSIN P.O. Box 710 Dwight Peabody said it took at least 3 years to obtain data to support a tolerance application. Dr. Clark pi'oposed that every one make their views known on Amitrol. Also that a small com- mittee should spearhead pressure to establish tolerances on herbi- cides that can be used on cran- berries, Amitrol preferred as it is the most promising. Norman Brateng felt that all things were going too slowly. Articles which are appearing in magazines and newspapers are not being answered loudly enough. The Advisory Board to the station should take more action in these matters to counteract the adverse statements and pictures drawn by such articles. Fresh From The Fields (Continued From Page Six) days of winter and 4 days of late spring. The extended forecast for April is for cool temperatures and above normal rain-fall. Spring Plans With an air of optimism grow- ers are busy making plans for the coming growing season. Orders have been placed for fertilizer and other materials will be purchased later on. Weed control work will probably be curtailed somewhat especially in the use of solvent. Most work will probably consist of spot spraying with solvent and some dalapon swabbing. Insecti- cide use will probably be cut down as most marshes are in good in- sect control shape. Fertilizer pur- chases will probably be increased. THE ONLY FERTILIZER FACTORY LOCATED IN THE WISCONSIN CRANBERRY AREA KICKAPOO FERTILIZERS Stevens Point 1 i 11 SS Sixtefti SERVING THE WISCONSIN GROWERS ■ e* SS8SS¥::S¥i FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLIN for delivery in 1960 $125.00 Ton F.O.B. {, '^xs^%ix-y. INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES 4i 41 4i 1^ # 1)1 iti ^ # s|i !ji Vernon Goldsworthy bACLE RIVER WISCONSIN DANA MACHINE & SUPPLY Co. Wis. Rapids Wis. MF€S. Qh SPRAY BOOMS GRASS CUPPERS FERTILIZER SPREADERS G«tsinger Retracto te«th pickers Dryers EHSTR. of: VEE :BM.TS S-: PULLEYS ROLLER CHAINS SPROCKETS & BEARINGS CONVEYOR BELTING STEEL Yoiu- Foreman Deserves A Subscription to Cranberries; too OUR PRODUCTS Cranberry-Pineapple Preserve Cranberry Chilli Sauce Strained Cranberry Sauce Whole Cranberry Sauce Spiced Cransweets Cransweets Diced Cransweets Cranberry Apple Sauce Cranberry Orange Relish Cran-Vari Cran-Beri Cranberry Puree Cran-Puri Cran-Bake Cranberry-Strawberry Preserve Cranberry-Raspberry Preserve h Cranberry-Cherry Preserve Cranberry-Rhubarb Preserve Sliced and Whole Maraschino Cranberries Cranberry Products, Inc. EAGLE RIVER, WISCONSIN i ?ft?^S?:^5SafiSSSKft:S ^'-•>v» ^iy WISCONSIN CRANBERRY GROWERS are using more Signature Fertilizer year after year • Pelletized • Homogeneous • D Listless • Free-Flowmg • 50 lb. Bags E. RAUH & SONS FERTILIZER CO. Indianapolis & Plymouth, Ind. CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIEID WISCONSIN Phone 230 - 231 YOU Are reading this ad. Others will read yours in CRANBERRIES Magazine We Have Come A Long Way Since NOV. 9, 1959 We Have A Long Way To Go! The Institute Has Proven Its Value Ail Growers Should Insist That Their Agencies Continue To Support The Institute 100 Percent In The Future. Morris April Brothers Eatmor Cranberry Division Bridgeton, New Jersey Ariston Canning Company Cologne, New Jersey Beaton's Distributing Agency Wareham, Massachusetts C, and E, Canners Folsom, New^ Jersey Cape Cod Cranberry Cooperative, Inc. Plymouth, Massachusetts Cranberry Products, Inc. Eagle River, Wisconsin Decas Brothers Wareham, Massachusetts Filice and Perrelli Richmond, California Growers Cranberry Company Pemberton, New Jersey Indian Trail, Inc. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin Jumbo Cranberry Sales Middleboro, Massachusetts Peter A. LeSage Plymouth, Massachusetts Minot Food Packers, Inc. Bridgeton, New Jersey Morse Brothers North Attleboro, Massachusetts Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Hanson, Massachusetts Pappas Brothers and Gillies Egg Harbor City, New Jersey Clement Pappas and Ccmpani^ Cedarville, New Jersey Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana CRANBERRY INSTITUTE SOUTH DUXBURY MASSACHUSETTS lili'HIII'l |{ll.Hi>;:Hil»Biu.Hili