DnnDaDDnDannnDDnnnnDnnnnnDnnDDnn D n D a D a '^fRSt-^' D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS g g LIBRARY g D D D D D D D D D D D D DDDDDDananDDDnDnannDaDDDDDaDaDDD V."^7/i^,'^ ^o■f^^>^M^a^.i.. i^y^.'-.<^^. r Massachusett I IMev\/ Jersey! \A/iscansin Oregon \A/ashington Canada MAY 1972 CRANBERRIE&^v THE NATIONAL CRANBfERRY MAGAZINE t'.'37 ^ PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY JUN 2 9 1972 Banning DDT is a Big Mistake 7 Mass. Farm Bureau 15 Woman's Page vv-.t-v. ^^'^^--j^^^-^-^^t^;^::^^.- 1^ LIBRARY - SERIALS SECTJ UNIV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01003 -^ DIBECTflBY JDP cpanlieppw gpoweps -^ Complete Line of Pesticides and Fertilizers Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters. Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Repiesentative Purchase St. Middleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133 Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends Electricity - key to progress In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed. NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY PLYMOUTH DIVISION PLYMOUTH, MASS. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The CHARLES W.HARRISi Company 451 Old Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass. Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers HALE-MARLOW Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed OCEAN SPRAY NAMES NEW OFFICERS At a recent meeting of the Board of Directors of Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., George C. P. Olsson was elected Chairman of the Board. At the same meeting Harold Thorkilsen was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Thorkilsen had held the position of Executive Vice President and General Manager of the cooperative. Over two million barrels of cranberries were handled in 1971 by Ocean "le country's largest producer and processor of cranberry products. George C. P. Olsson Harold ThorkUsen CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | Ken Beaton - 295-2207 The Crisafulli Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Specializing in: TREATED ACREAGE • DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. • COMPLETE BOG • WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT • WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR • SANDING •AUXILIARY UNIT • HARVESTING The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NETTING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. • WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. GROWERS MEETING HELD RECENTLY IN OREGON The highlight of the growers meeting held in Bandon was a report on vine nutrition and on the 1968- 70 leaf analysis program. Dr. Lloyd Martin, who was in charge of this program at the time, summarized leaf analysis data with a series of slide charts. These charts graphed levels of the various important plant nutrient elements found in the leaves during the summer sampling period of the three years included in the study. The slide charts showed levels of nutrient found in leaves on a certain date and by comparing these levels at two-week intervals from June through September, one could get an idea of how amounts of an element increase or decrease through the important bud set and berry development period. During Dr. Martin's talk, several important items came to light. One is that there appears to be a signifi- cant influence of calcium levels within the vines on yields. In other words, the bogs with the higher leaf calcium levels had better crops, at least within the range of calcium levels found. Another element that significantly influenced yields in the leaf survey data was iron. There seems to be a point above which increasing levels of iron in the vines will decrease yields. Considerable amounts of other data on additional nutrient elements did not appear to be significant as far as yields go. This information would, however, certainly be a good point to start in looking at other nutritional fac- tors which might prove significant with more testing. In summary, the meeting brought out one fact that I think cranberry growers are sooner or later going to have to face. This is that leaf analysis will tell us much more about bog fertilizer needs than soil tests ever will. It is obvious from the data Dr. Martin presented that soil levels of plant nutrients often do not relate to levels found within the vines. There is no doubt that continued refinement of bog soil tests will be of some help. But to Continued on Page 6 1 c^^^^^/wtenf' NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 2 LARCHMONT ENGINEERING CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING PHIL TROPEANO LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 Mass. Cranberrv Station S Field Notes by IRVING E. OEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Dr. Chester Cross and his wife Shirley are traveling in the little country of Nepal. They are visiting their oldest son Peter and his wife who are working for the U.S. Gov- ernment. The Crosses left on April 29 and will return on June 7. Frost Warning Service The Frost Warning Service spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association has about 207 subscribers to date. This is fewer than usual and we urge anyone who has not signed up to do so. The donations to the answering service have been coming in nicely, which is encouraging. The answering serv- ice is extremely valuable as an addi- tional source of information and deserves widespread grower support. There were no frost warnings issued through May 8 although there were some cool temperatures the last week of April. The spring season has been very cold and wet and we are behind last year by a few days, which makes this a very backward season indeed. Weather April was cold, averaging about 4-1/3 degrees a day below normal. This was the second coldest April in our records, surpassed only by April, 1967. Maximum tempera- ture was 6T on the 30th and mini- mum was 25° on both the 7th and 11th. Cooler than average days oc- curred from the 3rd-9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 20th, 23rd and 26-27th. The only warmer than average days were the 18th and 29-30th. Precipitation totalled an even 5. inches which is nearly 3/4 inch above normal. There was measurable precipitation on 13 days with the largest amount of 1.14 inches on the 20th. We now are about 2 inches above normal for the year and about 3-2/3 inches ahead of 1971 for the same period. Water supplies are excellent as we enter the frost season. Winterkill injury is very light, more of a wind burn type of injury. Oxygen defi- ciency injury is more prevalent than was thought earlier in the season and is perhaps a bigger factor in determining our crop than for sev- eral years. The bud is very good again but the vines look a little tired; however, the crop prospect looks better than average at this time. Early Blacks have "greened up" but Howes still have their dormant col- oration, this is behind the normal schedule by about 10 days to 2 weeks. Tips for Late Spring and Early Summer 1) The early spring pests are, or soon will be, showing up on bogs. These include cutworms, span- worms, leafhoppers, fireworms,- tip- worms, sparganothis fruitworm, red mites and weevils. The sparganothis fruitworm can be detected by care- ful examination of loosestrife or the new cranberry tips for webbing. Weevils overwinter as adults and are active whenever temperatures reach 70° or above. If these pests are controlled in May or June, par- ticularly those that have a new or second brood, they very seldom create a problem later in the season. 2) This is a good time to treat Continued on Page 6 R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc. Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 >—)—»—)— 1— )—)—)— ^— )—>—)—>—)—>—■>—)=>??)— ^—>—^—)—)=)!!?>=)=^=)=;)=) Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL 864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries 265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 166 —Cranberry Pollination 266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 367 —Cranberry Vine Injury 467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease 368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection 469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia GENERAL 536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station 965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1065 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey 567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington 568 -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 $1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 CRANBERRIES THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE - Our 34th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB B Issue of May 1972 / Volume 36 - No. 13 SO WHAT'S WRONG WITH AGRICULTURE A study of 79 agricultural workers (employees) was undertaken in 13 New York State counties in 1971 by researchers at Cornell University. Here's what they found: — Average age of 37 years with 72 percent of the workers under 45 years of age. — Average schooling of 10 years . . . and 65 per- cent had less than 12 years of school attendance. — Average assets per worker was nearly $8,000, and average net worth was nearly $5,600. — A whopping 63 percent hoped to be working on the same property in 1976 . . . only 27 percent aspired to own their own. — The most-mentioned advantage of agriculture recognized by these employees was the opportunity to work outdoors, followed by variety of work. — Biggest gripes: not enough time off percent didn't have any gripes at all! but 42 — Among selected items of interest to career agri- cultural workers, vacation with pay ranked highest among these workers. Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 Ail correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is bOi per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers MASS. STATION NOTES Continued from Page 3 brush, poison ivy and brambles on the uplands using silvex. It should be mixed with water rather than oil at this time of year because of the damage to turf. 3) Stoddard solvent or stoddard- kerosene treatments following late water should be completed within 5 days after the flood has been withdrawn or within 8 days if kero- sene is used alone. Less damage will occur to the vines if temperatures are below 65° when these oils are applied. 4) Casoron, alanap-3, Chloro-IPC, simazine and morcran should not be apphed after withdrawal of the late water flood as vine and crop injury will result. 5) Many bogs will benefit from an apphcation of fertilizer, especially where heavy crops were harvested. Some bogs that have had casoron treatments either last fall or this spring may look "hungry" and should be fertilized. Don't forget to touch up the thin or weak spots by going around with a bucket of fertilizer and using it. 6) Get out and walk your bogs, you will be surprised at the number of httle things, both good and bad, that you will notice on your inspec- tion trips. OREGON MEETING Continued from Page 1 ignore the eventual development of leaf testing for cranberries is a mistake that only industry support for continued testing can avoid. CRANBERRY JUICE ADS WILL CORRECT CLAIMS The Federal Trade Commission has won agreement from the makers of Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail to correct in future ad- vertising the allegedly false nutri- tional claims of past ads. The consent order, provisionally accepted by the FTC, marked the agency's second triumph in its cam- paign to force "corrective ads" so that consumers won't keep believing allegedly false claims. In the past, the FTC only ordered that the false ad be stopped. The Ocean Spray agreement re- quires that, for a year, one of every four ads or one-fourth of all ad- vertising spending be devoted to this message: "If you've wondered what some of our earlier advertising meant when we said Ocean Spray Cran- berry Juice Cocktail has more food energy than orange juice or tomato juice, let us make it clear: We didn't mean vitamins and minerals. Food energy means calories. Noth- ing more. "Food energy is important at Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW breakfast since many of us may not get enough calories, or food energy, to get off to a good start. Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail helps because it contains more food energy than most other breakfast drinks. "And Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail gives you and your family vitamin C plus a great wake- up taste. It's the other breakfast drink." The first corrective ads were run for Profile Bread and acknowl- edged that contrary to previous inferences. Profile was not good for weight reduction and was a bit lower in calories than other breads only because its slices were thinner. The FTC is seeking similar cor- rective ads in cases alleging deceptive nutritional claims for Wonder Bread, Hostess Snacks Cakes, Hi-C bever- age and sugar; deceptive octane claims for Sunoco gasoline; decep- tive antipollution claims for Chevron gasoline ; deceptive antiseptic claims for Lysol disinfectant ; and deceptive health claims for Listerine mouth- wash and for analgesics including Bayer Aspirin, Excedrin, Bufferin and Anacin. BAY COLONY HELICOPTERS PLYMOUTH AIRPORT PLYMOUTH, MASS. EXPERIENCED APPLICATORS MODERN EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR BOG NEEDS FOR INFORMATION CALL AL BARUFALDI 746-2216 BoMiMq h A Big Mutokfi By ROBERT M. DEVLIN Today more than at any time in our history, we are concerned about the proper maintenance of the environment and health of man. However, the news media have dramatized and popularized this concern to such an extent that rational thought has been replaced by the emotional rantings of the ill informed. Conclusions drawn from hastily run experiments in which questionable procedures have been employed are readily accepted as long as they support the doc- trine of some current popular move- ment. Indeed, if the movement is popular enough, just the mere un- supported speculations of well- known personaUties are carefully listened to and, in many cases, acted upon. It is this type of irrational behavior that, in my opinion, has led to the banning of the use of DDT in many parts of the United States. The movement against pesticides in general and DDT in particular got its start in Rachel Carson's novel Silent Spring. In Silent Spring there are so many unsupported statements made, so many half truths told, and so much important material completely ignored that the book could almost be classified as science fiction. Certainly her prediction of the coming of a "Silent Spring," or anything re- motely similar, was meant more to scare the uninformed than to draw the serious attention of thinking individuals. This book, despite its numerous shortcomings, has become the bible of the environmentahsts who, apparently, don't really care if the material they read is factual or not as long as it supports their point of view. What is even worse. Silent Spring is required reading in many of our high schools and the children are told that what they read in it is the "gospel" truth by well-meaning but woefully unin- formed teachers. Since the advent of Silent Spring many statements have been made and published by environmentahsts that are not supported by fact. For example, environmentalists say robins and other song birds and birds of prey, such as the eagle, brown pelican. Peregrin falcon, Cah- fornia condor and osprey, are ex- periencing population declines because of the use of DDT. This is just not true. In fact, there is good evidence that song birds are on the increase— this despite the disappear- ance of natural habitats as a result of land development. Bird counts by the Audubon Society for 1941 and 1960, before and after the widespread use of DDT, show 131, 39, 31, 11, and 12 fold increases in grackles, blackbirds, cowbirds, star- lings, and robins, respectively. Per- haps one of the reasons for this increase is the killing by DDT of mosquitoes which are vectors for many serious diseases of birds such as malaria, Newcastle disease, fowl pox, and encephalitis. The unfair- ness of blaming DDT for the alleged population declines of many birds of prey is strikingly revealed when one looks further than the news- paper, radio, television, and publi- cations of special interest groups such as the National Audubon Society, Sierra Club and Environ- mental Defense Fund. We read, for example, that the existence of the California brown pelican is threat- ened by DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons. Dr. J. Gordon Ed- wards, professor of entomology at San Jose State College, looked into this claim and what he found exposed it as a bald-faced lie. It appears that the population of pelicans on Anacapa Island ex- perienced a dramatic decline in 1970 due, according to the environ- mentalists, to the presence of DDT. Dr. Edwards found that during the years 1969 and 1970 the pelicans on Anacapa were subjected to an ahnost continuous harassment by scientists. Helicopters containing research biologists hovered over the nesting areas creating so much noise and commotion that the laying of thin-shelled eggs and nest desertion became quite common. In addition, scientists continually roamed and poked among the nests frightening off the brooding females or shooting them on the nests for analysis. Fortunately there were some people who recognized that such thought- less behavior, rather than DDT, may have been the reason for the laying of thin-shelled eggs and the lack of reproduction among the Anacapa 7 >elicans in 1970. In 1971 the National Park Service closed Ana- ;apa Island to helicopters and re- used to allow anyone near the lesting areas during the brooding leason. The result was a striking ecovery of the pelican population, nuch to the chagrin of the anti-DDT ictivists. It is also interesting to note that ;he nesting failure of the brown jelicans followed by only a short jeriod of time the great oil spill in ;he Santa Barbara Channel near \nacapa Island. The anti-DDT prop- igandists do not even mention the Dil spill as a possible cause of lesting failure. This is a substantial amission when you consider that the oil spilled in the area contained 21 ppm mercury, an element shown to be associated with steriUty, toxicity to embryos, and thin egg- shells. Also not mentioned is the Fact that analyses following the oil spill showed that the bones of pelicans and the anchovies upon ivhich they feed contained high amounts of lead-as high as 100 ppm in the bone tissue and 17 ppm in the anchovies. In experiments with quail it has been shown that 6 ppm lead will cause the thinning of eggshells! A myth of even greater magni- tude than that exposed at Anacapa is that DDT is responsible for the drastic declines in number of bald eagles and osprey. Again it is the alleged adverse influence of DDT on the thickness of eggshells that is to blame. Let us look at some of the things environmentalists neglect to mention concerning this problem. For 35 years (1917-1925) the state of Alaska paid hunters a bounty of 50 cents for each eagle they killed. This amounted to a slaughter of well over 100,000 eagles. Just re- cently it was uncovered that ranchers in Wyoming and Colorado were actively involved in the sport of eagle killing. However, in their case things were made a bit easier. Eagles were killed in flight from helicopters flown close to the bird so that an enthusiastic sportsman could Uterally blow it to pieces with 8 Dr. Robert M. Devlin is Associate Professor of Plant Physiology, Uni- versity of Massachusetts - Cranberry Experiment Station, East Wareham, Mass. He is author and co-author of over 40 professional papers on the physiology of pesticides. Well over 200 colleges and universities are using his textbook titled Plant Physiology. It is also being used in several coun- tries in Europe, Africa, Canada, and to a small degree in Asia. The book has been translated into Spanish for use in Spanish-speaking countries. a 12 gauge, three-inch Magnum shotgun! It has been estimated that 600 to 700 eagles were killed in this manner in 1970. It is also interesting to note that the number of bald eagles migrating over the Hawk Mountain area more than doubled during the first six years of heavy DDT use in eastern United States (1946-1952). The counts were taken by the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association, Kempton, Pennsylvania. If there is a decline in eagle population, and this has not yet been proven, then the encroachments of man upon the eagle's natural habitat is to blame, not DDT. Perhaps the greatest clamor con- cerning DDT and the disappearance of the Peregrine falcon, osprey, and eagle has to do with the effect of the pesticide on the thickness of eggshells. The environmentalists claim with only the barest of cir- cumstantial evidence— in many cases no evidence at ail-that DDT causes the production of thin-shelled eggs and as a consequence there is a drop in reproductive success. This allegation has been so faithfuUy communicated by the news media that almost every man, woman, and child in the United States is aware of it. However, there is no con- clusive evidence that DDT causes the thinning of eggshells in the natural environment. Only in labora- tory studies, where doses are fed that far exceed what is encountered in the environment, can the thinning of eggshells by DDT by demon- strated. Even in these studies the results are far from consistent and definitely open to question. To make the problem even more com- plex there are a number of studies that suggest very strongly that DDT does not cause the production of thin-shelled eggs or a drop in the reproductive success of birds. For example. Dr. Charms, professor of poultry science at the University of Wisconsin, reported that egg- laying ability and thickness of egg- shells remained unaffected for pheasants, quail, and turkey fed 200 ppm DDT for several months. Even more significant, the quail were fed on this diet through four generations without any ill effects. In a recent (1970) paper, Tucker and Haegele of the Denver WildUfe Research Center found that quail and mallards fed a diet of 10 and 30 ppm DDT laid eggs with normal shell thickness. Only when the birds were administered exceptionally massive doses of DDT (1000 mg/kg) could a significant thinning of egg- shells be demonstrated. It would be impossible to dupUcate these cir- cumstances, including the less mas- sive doses of DDT, in the natural environment. You will find that in most cases the emotionalist, in his frantic quest to implicate DDT, will not mention or even consider other possible reasons for birds laying thin-sheUed eggs. However, as every poultry farmer knows, thin eggshells can be caused in numerous ways. The lack of calcium, manganese, or vitamin D in the diet or the presence of two common maladies, bronchitis and Newcastle disease, all will cause irregularities in eggshell formation. A comparison of the influence of the presence of organochlorine residues— including DDT— in the tis- sues and eggs of peregrine falcons from Britain and northern Canada by Drs. Enderson and Berger suggests that these pesticides do not interfere with the reproduction of peregrines. They found that although the pere- grines of northern Canada contained high levels of organochlorine resi- dues in their tissues and their eggs twice as much as the eggs from the rapidly disappearing British pere- grine population, the Canadian peregrines reproduced normally. A paper by Heath et al. in the prestigi- ous British science journal Nature actually contains data that describes DDT-fed mallard ducks as having a better productivity than normally fed ducks. Productivity of mallard ducks fed a daily diet of 2.5 ppm DDT was increased 40% and those fed 10 ppm DDT had an increased productivity of 81%. Finally, en- vironmentalists claim that DDT inhibits carbonic anhydrase, an important enzyme in the production of eggshells by birds. This supposed inhibitory influence is the founda- tion upon which most stories of DDT causing the thinning of egg- shells are built. However, D. J. Gordon Edwards, in a statement before the U. S. House Committee on Agriculture, pointed out that "actual research has shown DDT increases carbonic anhydrase pro- duction rather than inhibiting it." One of the world's leading ex- perts on the Peregrine, Frank L. Beebe, published a small booklet in 1970 titled The Myth of the Vanish- ing Peregrine. His book was sub- titled A Study in the Technique of the Manipulation of Public and Official A ttitudes. In his book Beebe pointed out that the abandonment of the aeries by peregrines in most of western U. S. and southern Alberta and British Columbia pre- ceded by many years the use of DDT and that the anti-DDT en- vironmentalists "know full well that their 'endangered peregrine' is a fabrication." Why do we not hear of these studies from the environmentalists? The convenient ignoring of reputable studies that do not support the hard line against DDT appear to be more the rule than the exception when extremist groups attack this pesticide. For some reason they believe their role to be sacred and that any method to achieve it is acceptable no matter how odious it may be. It is the hope of this author and I think of any other person who believes that data should be reported in an unbiased manner and not misused or selected to fit some preconceived notion, that the truth will someday be told about DDT. If this does happen, public trust in "doomsday" extremist groups will dramatically decline as will also the numerous sourcca oi grant money such scare-type organi- zations seem always to attract. One would get the impression from our news media trumpeting the propaganda of the anti-DDT extremists, that once DDT is applied it persists in the environment for- ever. Nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, the assertion that DDT is extremely persistent in the environment can be so easily disproven that it is amazing that anyone would believe it at all. At a hearing concerning federal pesticide legislation. Dr. J. Gordon Edwards submitted a list of more than one hundred scientific references dealing with the breakdown of DDT and its residues. At the hearing Dr. Edwards stated: "It is obvious that DDT degrades readily in the presence of living things, in organic soil and water, in alkaline soil and water, in the blood or digestive tract of most kinds of animals, in cold, in heat, and in sunlight. It is untruthful and misleading for any person or organization to imply that DDT does not break down normally under environmental conditions." Bacteria of the soil and digestive tract, fungi, and animals— both in- vertebrates and vertebrates— are all capable of degrading DDT. Even in dying, an insect may degrade as much as 50% of the DDT it has absorbed. The common deer mouse takes only A^A days to rid itself of 50% of the DDT it absorbs and the half life of DDT in the tissues of the common pigeon is only 28 days. Indeed, Dr. Donald A. Spencer, well-known wildlife biologist, hasji stated that he knows "of no species of fish, bird, or mammel, on which studies have been conducted, that cannot degrade and eliminate DDT from their bodies." The public has not been told that many of the analyses made for the detection of DDT prior to 1967 were grossly inaccurate. Before 1967, residue chemists made no attempt to eliminate polychlori- nated biphenyls (PCB) from the extracts they analyzed for DDT. Large quantities of PCB's are used in the rubber, plastics, and petro- leum industries. Their presence in the environment is ahnost ubiqui- tious, being found among other places in the tissues of birds and their eggs, in man, fish, and in insects. The PCB's are compounds that are not water soluble and consequently are stored in the fat tissue of organisms that ingest them. It is now well known that PCB's produce an ahnost identical picture to DDT when analyzed on a gas chromatograph, the instrument most used for the detection of small quantities of pesticides such as DDT. This means that prior to 1967 many of the reports on the quantity of DDT present in samples were exaggerated due to the presence of PCB's. It is also interesting to note that some of the more prevalent PCB's, when present in the diet of birds will cause them to lay thin shelled eggs— and in this respect they are highly active. The forces against the use of DDT have multiplied to such an extent that in the very near future the compound could possibly be completely banned in most places in the world— especially the United States. The vast majority of the people against DDT have been told only what extremist groups want them to hear, a circumstance that makes an intelligent decision on DDT by the layman virtually im- possible. It is a wonder to me that this has occurred to a compound that is probably the safest chemical 9 for its purpose ever produced by men. Dr. Robert White-Stevens of the Bureau of Conservation and Environmental Science at Rutgers University has stated that "no evi- dence of injury, cancer, or death after twenty-five years of use, where at least one billion humans have been reported with medical anno- tation." A truly remarkable record when compared to penicillin (and other so-called miracle drugs), as- pirin, and the vitamins many of us take every day. Despite the almost unbelievable safety record of DDT, extremist groups first hinted, then suggested, and finaUy frankly Ued that DDT was endangering the public health. The pesticide was called a carcino- gen (causes cancer). The explosive and dramatic effect on the public of the disclosure that a commonly used compound causes cancer was predictable. Our news media were enchanted, and for a long time hardly a day went by without the newspapers, television, or magazines dutifully instructing the layman on how he was being threatened with the deadly disease of cancer. A thorough reading of the litera- ture on the influence of DDT as an inducer of cancer will lead one to conclude that the pesticide is not a carcinogen. Massive doses of DDT fed to laboratory animals that are highly susceptable to carcinogens, in the vast majority of cases pro- duced negative results with respect to dancer. In those few studies where possible cancerous growth was induced, the results and con- clusions are questionable. It should also be remembered that in such studies animals are fed DDT in amounts far exceeding what would be encountered or ingested by the average individual. The human organism contains compounds that are necessary for its existence but if present in too high a concentration are toxic and can even cause death. For example, iodine is necessary for the proper function of the thyroid gland but if present in excessive concentration is definitely poisonous. It is there- fore essential, when evaluating the JO safety of a chemical, that we consider its dose-response relationship with regard to the particular species in question. Man, it appears, is quite tolerant of DDT. In a study by Dr. Wayland J. Hayes of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, ten volunteers were fed DDT up to 200 times the amount they would nor- mally encounter from their everyday intake of food. After a year of this daily diet of DDT no clinical effect associated with dosage was detected either by the men themselves, or by careful physical examination and laboratory testing. Just recently. Dr. Hayes declared to the Washing- ton State Legislature his repeated position of the past that "there is no valid evidence that DDT is a carcinogen." Studies of men with high, medium, and low occupational ex- posure to DDT at a formulating plant, involving physical examina- tions, routine clinical laboratory tests, and chest X-rays, revealed only negative results. Some of the men were exposed almost daily for 19 years to the pure compound with no ill effects! There are many more well-documented papers de- scribing DDT as a very safe pesticide and certainly not a carcinogen. Indeed, in May 1970 the American Medical Association concluded that the theory that DDT is carcinogenic to man is unproved speculation. Of immense irritation to many environmental activists are studies suggesting possible medical applica- tions of DDT, For example, single doses of 5 grams or higher of DDT have been administered to humans in the successful treatment of bar- biturate poisoning. More interesting is a study by Dr. Edward R. Laws showing that DDT has an inhibitory effect on tumors transplanted ex- perimentally in laboratory mice! In the study tumors were transplanted to 60 animals fed a normal diet and 60 animals fed on a diet which included DDT. All 60 of the animals on a normal diet developed tumors and all died as a result of the tumors. The mean longevity for this group was 46 days. Only 38 of the 60 animals fed DDT developed tumors and these tumors were slow growing. The mean longevity for the DDT-fed group was 83 days. More important, the 22 animals that did not develop tumors sur- vived. Dr. Laws has distinguished himself in medical research and is a member of the American Medical Association as well as many other professional societies. At the present time Dr. Laws is the assistant chief toxicologist for the Communicable Disease Center of the U. S. Public Health Service. A very indignant public woke up one morning to the sensational headUnes that DDT was present in human breast milk. Although the pesticide was found in only a small number of samples and in very small amounts, the dramatic effect of such a disclosure was predictable. The news media were, I'm sure, applauded by the environmentalists for doing an excellent job of getting this information to the public. Nothing, however, was said by the "newspaper scientists" about the numerous other foreign materials carried by human breast milk. If the mother drinks cocktails, smokes, or drinks coffee small quantities of alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine will most likely be found in her milk. These chemicals are far more poison- ous than DDT. For example, nico- tine is 500 times more toxic than DDT. Breast milk contains choles- terol, a compound shown to be carcinogenic to experimental ani- mals under appropriate experimental conditions. Shall we ban human breast milk along with DDT? The well organized and articulate anti-DDT forces have done their job well. By taking advantage of the news media's quest for the sensational and by the misuse of data and some outright hes they have managed to convince the lay- man that DDT is a deadly chemical that should be totally banned. There is practically a total ban on the pesticide in most places in the U. S. However, a total ban in the U. S. will not affect the average American citizen to any great extent. It will just mean that more toxic com- pounds—in some cases much more toxic— will have to be used in place of DDT. People will be deprived of a safe control for many pests- some serious disease vectors— and will have to use compounds less effective, more toxic, and consider- ably less researched. The cotton grower uses most of the DDT bought by the farmers in the U. S. and when you consider that cotton is the fifth most valuable crop in the U. S., a ban in this case could hurt a little. Cotton growers use DDT to control a dozen insects including the bollworm, the pink bollworm, cotton fleahopper and thrips. Much more serious is the possi- bility that the more advanced nations will consider the production of DDT as unpopular and un- profitable and stop manufacturing it. This would introduce unbeUev- able hardships to many of the undeveloped nations of the world, especially in those nations where malaria is prevalent. Malaria is a devastating protozoan disease trans- mitted by the anopheline mosquito that is considered to be the most serious communicable disease prob- lem in the world. As Dr. Robert White-Stevens has stated: "More human beings have perished from malaria than all other infectious diseases combined." Before the ad- vent of DDT it was estimated that India suffered over 75 million cases of malaria which accounted for an annual five million deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) decided in the mid-1950's to com- bat this relentless killer disease with the extensive use of DDT. In just ten years the number of malaria cases in India was down to five miUion and deaths dropped below one hundred thousand. Even more dramatic, the Ufe span of the average Indian during those ten years in- creased from 32 to 47 years, an increase of 15 years in a decade! On February 2, 1971 officials of WHO made the following statement: "More than 1,000 million people have been freed from the risk of malaria in the past 25 years, mostly thanks to DDT. This is an achieve- ment unparalleled in the annals of public health." The developing nations also need DDT to combat pests that invade their crops and livestock. Without DDT, which is cheap and very effective, many people in these nations will die of starvation. Lost in the importance of malaria con- trol is the fact that DDT also gives a significant control of a number of other serious diseases which include encephaUtis, bubonic plague, yellow fever, phlebotomus (sandfly) fever, dengue fever, cutaneous-leishmani- asis, and Carrion's disease. Literally, the Uves of millions of human beings depend upon DDT. Is it possible that our hysterical environ- mentalist is not aware of this? Who will take care of the diseased and starving if the voices of reason are not listened to? Certainly not the "privileged" environmentalist who claims to be looking out for your welfare but is, in fact, a very destructive force in public health and agriculture. Your welfare, as I see it, has a great deal to do with your ability to fight diseases and put food in your stomach as well as in the stomachs of others under less fortunate circumstances. I have yet to meet an environmentalist who is not "well fixed" in our affluent society. Typically, he has a comfortable home, a good income, one or two cars in the driveway, and a good deal of time on Ms hands. He can afford to pay higher prices and to live in areas away from serious diseases. I think it is about time our news media showed some sense of responsibility in their reporting and that our government listen to the unbiased analysis of data on pesticides rather than to the emotional hysterics of a few special interest groups. ^^^S^CI^ Ni AY 19 4 7 Crop prospects for 1947 indicate that Wisconsin may expect about a normal production, with the "hedge" that a crop below is a possibility, due to the rather light budding throughout the state. According to Vernon Goldsworthy there is further possibility that oxygen damage having occurred last fall and there are undoubtedly some vines that were injured in spring kill, probably more than normal Insect population is expected to be less than normal, because of the open winter through most of the area. Cranberry growers today are def- initely interested in more efficient and economical methods of cran- berry production. This interest ex- tends to all phases, including modern type prefabricated flumes. Two of these flumes (models of which were exhibited at the spring meeting and exhibition of the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers' Association April 30th) are developments by PaulJ. Whipple of The Forges Contractors, Inc., Plymouth, Mass. NCA directors, meeting at Han- son, Mass. on May 5th, voted to pay another advance of $5.00 a bbl, bringing total to date to $30, with a still further payment to come, it is announced. Also a 50 cents cash dividend was voted on each share of common stock, which is four per cent interest. 1947 will see a nation-wide test and demonstration of the Western Cranberry Picker, with machines in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wiscon- sin, Washington and Oregon, under the personal supervision of "Rudy" Hillstrom, President of the Western Pickers, Inc. An enthusiastic group of some 40 members of the Southwestern Oregon Cranberry club discussed 12 production problems at its current meeting in Bandon. Officers elected for the current year are: Ray Bates, president; Frank Pook, vice president; Mrs. Jim Olson, secretary; Charles Ritchey, recording secretary; Sum- ner Fish, treasurer. Directors of American Cranberry Exchange, meeting at the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York, April 23, at their 40th annual meeting, voted to approve the admission of the Ore- gon Coos Cranberry Co-op and voted the Coos president, Raymond W. Bates, into the board of directors. Directors re-elected were: Massachu- setts, A. D. Benson, George E. Short, Homer L. Gibbs, George A. Cowen, George Briggs; New Jersey, Theodore H. Budd and Edward Crabbe; Wisconsin, Bernard C. Braz- eau, Vernon Goldsworthy, Craig M. Scott. The fifty-second annual meeting of the Growers' Cranberry Company was held in the office of the com- pany, Pemberion, New Jersey on April 15. Officers elected for the en- suing year are: president, Theodore H. Budd, Sr.; 1st vice president, Ralph B. Clayberger; 2nd vice presi- dent, Edward Crabbe; 3rd vice president and treasurer, E. C. Becher. On April 18 the Ocean County blueberry growers held a field meet- ing at the field of Oscar Downs in Lakehurst, N. J. Timely topics were^ discussed by R. S. Wilcox, C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr. Mr. Wilcox spoke on mummy berry and its control Mr. Doehlert dis- cussed fertilizer and drainage and Mr. Tomlinson spoke on the control of the blueberry blossom weevil 1 I • GASOLINE 1 •MOTOR OILS 1 • LUBRICANTS 1 •KEROSENE 1 • SOLVENT 1 •FUEL OILS 1 1 1 1 1 1 SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOi • PROPANE GAS • BULK and CYLINDER GAS SERVICE | • PROPANE CARBURETION \ INSTALLED -SERVICED kingsfon 1 1 1 62 Main Street Kingston n Massachusetts ^^ 1 1 Telephone: | j Area Code 617 \\ 585-6511 1 1 5 02364 \ 1 1 1 1 oilanagas IMCOKPOPAIfD 1 sooooooo-ooc ^ J NEW JERSEY ►♦■!■»♦♦< ■|.»»»».n.^..i..|..i.»».Hi4..I. Winter was reluctant to give way o spring in the cranberry region of ^ew Jersey. April weather was un- isually chilly with temperatures requently dropping below freezing, [he average temperature was 48.7° vhich is three degrees colder than lormal and only 1.5 degrees warmer han the coldest April (1966) in he 42-year weather recording his- ory at New Lisbon. Extremes in emperature were 83° on the 19th ind 18° on the 8th. A record low )f 28° for the date was recorded on ^pril 28th. Two blueberry fields in lake Pond recorded unofficial tem- leratures of 1 6° on this date. There were 10 rainy days in the nonth and rainfall totaled 3.85 nches. This is about 0.48 of an nch above normal. For the first bur months of 1972 the rainfall las amounted to 13.86, which is 0.57 inch above normal for this period. About 200 acres of cranberry bogs in the state have had the winter flood removed. Most of the remain- ing acreage will probably have the water taken off on the traditional May 10th date. No frost damage has been sustained on the early- drawn bogs. Blueberries are very well budded up but a potential threat of exces- sive mummy berry disease losses exists in Burlington County this year. April's cool, wet weather was very favorable for the primary phase of this disease and an unusually large number of the "mummy cup" stage developed in many fields. Tractors were not able to manipu- late in many of the wet fields and this prevented prompt timing of control treatments. Phil Marucci reports weather conditions favorable for mummy disease in blueberries. This disease should be controlled at this time. C ^ W AG- AIM SERVICE AERIAL PESTICIDING AND FERTILIZING BY THE MOST MODERN FIXED-WING AGRICUL- TURAL AIRCRAFT. Now featuring the new concept of accurate spraying. AUTO FLAGMAN • EACH ROW MARKED •NO OVERLAPS •NO SHORTAGES • NO GUESSWORK The Boommaster Spray System is designed to do all your application work. •SAFELY • ECONOMICALLY •EFFICIENTLY DAN CLARK Carver Street, Halifax, Mass. Telephone: 293-3711 Mummy berries should have been destroyed with cuhivation. Blue- berry growers should be on the alert for blossom weevils and spray as soon as they appear. Parathion or Guthion should be appUed for control of the weevils. The winter index figure for December, January and February was 109 degrees. This means winter has been rather mild and that free petals will be out in full force soon. Early varieties through the Northern Bell season should be protected by spraying with Parathion or Sevin or Malathion. Keep a check on your fields, and spray when the petals first appear. NOTA SCOTIA On May 9 our cranberry growers had a successful extension meeting at the Agricultural College in Truro. Mr. C. J. S. Fox, entomologist with the provincial department spoke on insect identification and reviewed the control program for the coming year. Don Palfrey spoke on weed control in the re-development of an old bog. The meeting was organized and convened by Bob Murray, small fruit speciahst with the N. S. Dept. of Agriculture and Marketing. Our spring has been very back- ward with the mean temperature for the month of April 4.8° F be- low the 50-year average. May has been no better with a record snow- fall of 7 inches on May 1 0th. Continued on Page 14 Farm Credit Service Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578 ; PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ! LAND BANK MORTGAGES • Office - On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24 >«v«v»^.»s»^.»»#^<^>»^urces are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their jportance. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED. By JOHN c. WALKER, Univ. of IVis. 707 pages, 6x9, 194 illus., $13.50 Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic dise^es . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environmsnt to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion ahd eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided. Order From CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02360 17 THE BRIDE LIKES PINK This year it is expected that well over two milhon weddings will take place across the country. And, the bride of 1972 has very definite ideas as to what type wedding she wants. The trend is toward a more simple and personalized ceremony and reception. When it comes to the traditional wedding cake, many brides are choosing pink rather than the more formal white. And, many of them are either making their own wedding cakes, or helping mother or a rela- tive to do so. The beautiful cake shown here is tinted blushing pink by adding cranberry juice cocktail to the yummy, fluffy frosting. It is easily made with six packages of yellow cake mix baked in two 10", 8" and 6" layer cake pans (6 layers total). The layers are assembled with cranberry-orange reUsh for a de- Uciously extra-special flavor. Any bride-to-be would be thrilled with such a labor of love on her wedding day. The wedding punch can be champagne or white wine, with a big red ice heart of cranberry juice cocktail floating in the bowl to add color and a touch of whimsy. To make the heart, simply pour cranberry juice cocktail into a heart- shaped mold and freeze. Unmold in your punch bowl when the party is about to begin. BLUSHING WEDDING CAKE (Serves about 60) yer pans needed: 2, 10" round pans (2" deep) 2, 8" round pans (2" deep) 2, 6" round pans (2" deep) Ingredients: 6 padcages (18.5 ounces each) yellow cake mix 3 jars (14 ounces each) Ocean Spray cranberry-orange relish 4 packages fluffy-white frosting mix 2 cups Ocean Spray cranberry juice cocktail 3 bunches small pink sweetheart 18 Make up 1 package cake mix as label directs; divide between two 6-inch pans, bake 25 to 30 minutes or until cake tester inserted in center comes out clean. Cool 10 minutes; remove from pans to racks to finish cooling. Make up two packages cake mix as directed; bake in two 8-inch pans, 30 to 35 min- utes; cool as above. Make up three packages cake mix as directed; di- vide between two 10-inch pans, bake 35 to 40 minutes; cool as above. On large serving platter or 12-inch plastic covered heavy card- board, place one 10-inch layer, spread with some cranberry-orange rehsh, top with other 10-inch layer to make 1 tier. Repeat layering and spreading using graduated layers together and form a 3-tier cake. Bring cranberry juice cocktail to a boil. Prepare frosting mix as label directs but use hot cranberry juice instead of water. Reserve 2 cups of frosting, use remaining to frost sides and top of cake. Place reserved frosting in pastry bag fitted with a star tip and make rosettes and scallops on cake as desired. Wash and dry sweetheart roses. Cut off stems to about 1 inch, reserve some leaves. Press roses into top and sides of cake, press rose leaves around blossoms in natural pattern. ERBICIDE ! SPRAYING |DUCING THE DRIFT An adjuvant-nozzle system has been ^eloped by Colloidal Products Cor- ration and Delevan Manufacturing . that enables aerial or ground appli- ors of herbicides to reduce drift by much as 70 per cent. FOMEX, a combined spreader-acti- or, as well as a foaming agent, when d in combination with a foam gen- ting nozzle will: 1 . Provide maximum contact of the ay solution. 2. Reduce evaporation of the spray )osit, 3. Form a fast draining foam to al- j maximum liquid contact with the nt surface. 4. Increase absorption of herbicide ay. 5. Substantially reduce spray drift. FOMEX spray pattern. NEW CATALOG SYSTEM INTRODUCED An all-new full-color cataloging system has been introduced by the Howard Rotavator Company of Har- vard, Illinois, to replace their con- ventional bound catalogs. The new system provides large full-color photographs, plus complete product descriptions and application in- formation on each piece of Howard equipment. They are printed on separate sheets so they can be mixed and matched to meet cus- tomer's requirements. "The Howard line of soil manage- ment systems has become too di- versified for the conventional bound catalog and was both cumbersome and confusing to dealers and users alike," reported Chris Burden, How- ard Sales Manager. "The new system provides a far superior method of presenting information on the speci- fic equipment, or combinations of equipment that the customer needs." Howard Rotavator Company is a member of the Rotary Hoes Group of Companies who manu- facture and market a wide range of farm and related equipment through- out the world. Howard distributes the "Rotava- tor" line of Rotary Tillage equip- ment, the "Power-Arm" backhoe- trenchers, the "V" Chisel, chisel plows, the "Turf-Quaker," turf aerification and grounds mainten- ance equipment, plus a series of automated wine presses for the wine industry in the U.S.A. PESTICIDE STORAGE The rules for storing liquid pest- icides usually have bearing on safety procedures, but there's still another factor that should not be over- looked, Grant-Adams Area Exten- sion Agent Bill Foeppel says. Liquid pesticides that have not been stored through the winter months in an area that does not freeze may have changed. That is, some pesticides may salt out in cooler temperatures. This means that the chemical salts that are in solution at higher temperature may revert back to the crystalline form so that you end up with a bunch of technical salts in the bottom of the container and the liquid solvent on top. Some pesticides will go back in solution if shook enough after they have warmed up to room temperature. Those that do not go back in solution should be disposed of. CRANBERRIES... the on GROWER'; magazine WANTED TO BUY s 2 WESTERN PICKERS C. E. Morse Tel. Evenings 695-9612 Conventional spray pattern. 19 ♦ T 'I' 1' 'I' T 1' T W^r^ w • • -•- -w^ • • • I WISCONSIN 4.,|m| i »i»4 < K I « • H I 1 1 I •*♦♦ The month of April ended with temperatures returning to near nor- mal levels during the last week from the very cool first and third week periods. Sunshine was above normal during this last week, especially in northern areas, and topsoil moisture was reduced to levels suitable for working at least the Ughter soils. As the week ended, showers were again moving into southwestern Wis- consin. The last winter snow and ice on the small lakes in the north and frost in the ground in central areas were gradually disappearing as April ended. The weather during the first week of May was characterized by fre- quent rains early and late in the week with a few sunny and dry days in between. The cloudy and wet weather at the end of the week was restricted to the southern counties while mostly clear skies with pleas- ant days and cool nights prevailed over the majority of the State. As a result excess soil moisture is partic- ularly a problem south of a line from Dubuque to Milwaukee where some places have received 8 inches of rain since April 1 6, and evapora- tion has been minimal due to the cloudy and cool weather. Except for cloudy and rainy con- ditions in the extreme southern counties on the 8th and showers over much of the state on the 13th and 14th, the week featured some very fine sunny weather with excel- lent drying conditions. Tempera- tures were still on the cool side as the week began with minimum around 30 degrees in many areas on the 8th and 9th. Warming after midweek boosted afternoon read- ings into the 70's on most days ex- cept for slightly cooler during the showery weekend. FIRM FOIL WRAPS MEALS FOR WILDS Flexible foil packages soon may be providing the answer to some of the ecological problems plaguing this country. Astro Sterile Packaging, a division of Cranberry Products, Inc., Eagle River, is planning to package food products in a flexible foil pouch. The packages can be taken to a campsite, heated in boiling water, and either burned or compressed and carried back out. This offers an easy way to pro- vide meals in wilderness areas where tin cans and glass bottles have been banned. The company has been proces- sing food in the flexible pouches for Army laboratories for several years. The packages originally were de- signed for survival of paratroopers and pilots in Arctic areas. Tin cans caused injuries and also were difficult to transport. And un- less there was fire available, the contents had to be eaten cold. With the foil packets, a good supply of food could be carried in- side the clothing next to the body. And the body heat would keep the food warm enough to provide a meal at body temperature. Cranberry Products formerly em- ployed only about 10 persons dur- ing the winter after the cranberry harvest. This winter they employed a record 60 persons, about 25 of them in the Astro division. Charles Goldsworthy, sales repre- sentative for Astro, said the foil packets can be punctured, but not easily. He claimed that there may be 1 bad can in 10,000 whereas the pouch process averages only 1 bad package in 100,000. ) (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. 715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440 Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich. 608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222 20 II. INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCnON EQUIPMENT .f INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY WANTED Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows: 1936 SEP, NOV, DEC 1937 JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV 1938 MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG 1958 OCT Some exchange copies avaUable PLEASE WRITE: Dr. G. W. Eaton Dept. of Plant Science University of B. C. Vancouver 8, Canada % sepvine llie WISCONSIN growers % FOR SALE SEARLES JUMBO HOWES, McFARLlN Vines for delivery in 1972 I WILL GIVE A 10% BONUS ON ANY ORDERS PLACED NOW FOR VINES NEXT YEAR $300 Ton F.O.B. Ben Lears $750 Ton Stevens $1000 Ton INTERESTED IN PURCHASING WISCONSIN CRANBERRY PROPERTIES Vernon Goldsworthy B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable EAGLE RIVER WISCONSIN CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 ^ SUBSCRIBE NOW ! ! ! Cranberries Magazine is the only magazine devoted exclusively to Cranberry Culture. Give a friend or foreman a subscription to 12 exciting issues. Name Address . City- State. Zip. [ ] One Year $5.00 [ ] 2 Years $8.00 Mail to: CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE P.O. Box J Kingston, Mass. 02364 VVhen Yoo Answer WiK WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAFTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 ^ How city slickers pick cranberries. Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper. They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars. Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries. In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations. They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them. issachusetts New Jersey \/\/iscansin Oregon \A/ashington Canada 3ia 35*3 ci V'5'^^^ CRANBERRIES THE NATIONAL CRANp^Rj^^V MAGAZINE J. R. ROTH, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture (Story on Page 10) PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY JUL 2 0 1972 JUNE 1972 HONEYBEE POPULATIONS AND FRUIT SET JN CRANBERRY 8 THE INSTITUTIONAL CONVENIENCE CRANBERRY PACK 10 LIBRARY - SERIALS SECT! UN IV OF MASS AMHERST MASS 01005 _^g- DIRECTORY fop cpanlieppy gpoweps •^^ Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfilizers Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters, Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. AAiddleboro, AAass. Telephone 947-2133 Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends Electricity - l(ey to progress in industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed. ^ NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY PLYMOUTH DIVISION PLYMOUTH, MASS. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The ^ CHARLES W. HARRIS^ Company a 451 Old Somerset Avenue |j North Dighton, Mass Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers HALE-MARLOW Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed n CRANBERRY COLOR RESEARCH "Color it Red - Earlier" More uniformly red cranberries could result from use of a chemical called ethephon in cranberries, ac- cording to research by University of Wisconsin horticulturists. The chemical is not yet registered for commercial use, and treated cranberries cannot be sold, the re- searchers emphasize. Their study concerned the value of the material if and when it is registered for this use. Better color would be of com- mercial economic value to growers. Bruce Rigby, M.N. Dana and L.K. Binning experimented with the material under several conditions, checking berry color at harvest time. They concluded ethephon does not really increase the potential for red color in cranberries, but it trig- gers the process earUer— that is, treat- ment of immature berries causes red color development, but treat- ment of mature red berries doesn't make them any redder. The important thing is that eth- ephon reddened mature green ber- ries deep in the foliage and hidden from the light. Thus, application of ethephon, possibly through the sprinkler system, would give a more uniform coloring to' all fruits in the field and allow earlier harvesting. Earlier harvesting would decrease the need for frost protection, which is an expensive part of the cran- berry operation, the researchers ex- plain. Only the very highest dosage in- fluenced the size of the berries, and this was a small effect. None of the treatments resulted in more rapid breakdown of the berries in storage, the researchers showed. This research was supported with funds supplied by the Wisconsin cranberry industry. -better fruit . . . better vegetables AGNES ADDS TO GROWERS WOES IN NEW JERSEY; BLUEBERRY CROP REDUCED ONE THIRD Tropical storm Agnes touched this section lightly with less than three inches of rain, while areas in CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | Ken Beaton — 295-2207 The Crisafulli Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Specializing in: TREATED ACREAGE •DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. • COMPLETE BOG •WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT • WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR • SANDING •AUXILIARY UNIT • HARVESTING The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NETTING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. • WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. a path 50 to 100 miles westward suffered record flooding and dam- age. The 2.75 inches of rain that fell during the storm just increased dam- age to the blueberry crop that has suffered the wettest spring in many years.- Phillip Marucci, chief of the N. J. Cranberry-Blueberry Lab, reported the record spring rains created a severe fungus disease that caused blossoms to rot. The disease has transferred to the fruit and will cause a large reduction in the yield of early varieties now ripening for market. On the other hand, according to Marucci, later blueberry varieties look good. Marucci declared the wet weather caused such extensive damage that this year will go down as one of the worst in the history of the blue- berry industry. He said preliminary surveys con- ducted of its grower members by the Blueberry Cooperative Associa- tion, New Lisbon, indicate a harvest of approximately one third less than 1971. Marucci said 1 .75 inches of rain fell on June 22, during the peak of the storm and an additional inch since then for a total of 2.75. Lakes and streams overflowed their banks in the area but the flooding was far less than in previ- ous storms. UP WITH BERRIES Oregon's 1971 berry crops (cane- berries, strawberries, and cranber- ries) totaled 139.8 million pounds, up 4 percent from 1970, according to the Oregon Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. Increased pro- duction of strawberries more than offset decreases in tame blackberries and boysenberries. The value of production of all berry crops to- taled $21.3 million compared with about $22.0 million a year ago. j^^^eAffteiif' l^OV^ . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT. DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING "^.'.Xj^ ':^ ' TAPPED INSERT COUPLING ELIMINATES THE NEED ,. ^- i ■■^^. - FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION S\ CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE LARCHMON1 PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 'STEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING r ENGINEERING phil tropeano LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 Mass. Cranberry Station i Fiem Notes by IRVING E. OEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Drs. Robert Devlin and Robert Yaklich attended a meeting of the Northeastern Section of Plant Physi- ologists in Binghampton, New York from May 4-6. They presented a paper on increasing the uptake of certain herbicides in plants by pre- treating with growth hormone. Frost The spring frost season was late in arriving this year and there were only five frost warnings released through May. This compares with six for the same period in 1971, 14 in 1970, 25 in 1969 and 21 in 1968. These figures include both afternoon and evening warnings. A very cold, wet period, consisting of the entire month of April and the first three weeks of May kept frost conditions away from the area, but also made this the most backward spring in many years as far as plant development was concerned. How- ever, on May 25 the first frost warning was issued and it was a "stinger" with temperatures as low as 18 degrees on the bogs. It was cold everywhere, even in Nantucket, and came early in the evening soon after dark in some cases. There has been a fair amount of damage throughout the entire cranberry area-nearly everyone has some frosted spots. Weather May was cold for the first three weeks but the last week was quite [warm so that the month as a whole averaged only 0.6 of a degree below normal. Maximum temperature was 77** on the 23rd and the minimum 35° on the 11th and 26th. Cool I periods occurred on 2-4th, 8-1 0th, 15th, 19-20th and 25th. Warmer than average days were 17- 18th, 21st, 23rd and 30-3 1st. Rainfall totalled 6.25 inches which is 2.8 inches above normal. There was measurable precipitation on 1 1 days with 1 .93 inches on the 3-4th as the largest storm. We are now 4-3/4 inches above normal for the 5-month period and about 4-1/3 inches ahead of 1971. Maneb and Ferbam are recom- mended on the chart and DifoUtan has recently been approved for use in certain situations, as noted in a notice to all growers. Fungicide treatments are recommended where berries are intended for the fresh fruit market and when water har- vest is planned. Any bog that has produced fruit of questionable qual- ity in past years will ahnost cer- tainly benefit from fungicide appli- cations this year. Final Keeping Quality Forecast Weather conditions to June 1st show only three points of a possible 16 which favor good keeping quaUty for the 1972 cranberry crop. This year's prospect is for generally poor keeping quahty and growers are urged to use fungicides as recom- mended in the latest Insect and Disease Control Chart to minimize field rot as well as storage rot. ^*^ ^♦^ R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 >— ^—>—>—^—^— ^—^—^—^—^— )—>—>— ^—'>—)=^?ri??ir^^rM=>=) Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL 864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25 265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1.25 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 1.25 365 -Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 1.25 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 1.25 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1.50 865 -New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1.25 1165 -Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1.25 166 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1.25 666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 1.25 766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1.25 866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1.25 167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 1.75 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1.25 367 -Cranberry Vine Injury 1.25 467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1.25 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1.25 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1.50 168 -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1.25 268 -Control of Fairy Rung Disease 1.25 368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 1.25 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 1.25 468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 1.75 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection 3.00 469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 1.75 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia 1.25 GENERAL 536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1.00 964 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1964 1.75 1264 —Washington Experiment Station 1.75 965 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1965 1.75 1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 1.50 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1.75 966 -Annual Meeting of CCCG A, 1966 1.75 1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1.25 1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1.50 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey 1.50 567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 1.75 767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25 867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50 568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50 768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 1.75 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 1.25 CRA]>^BERRIES THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 34th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB B Issue of June 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 2 ANOTHER CASE FOR PESTICIDES ! While reviewing a recent issue of the Ciba-Geigy Journal, we were interested in the following portion from an article entitled, "Pesticides in Review." We pass it on for our readers' information. A while ago the editor of a magazine made bold to address a top-flight science journalist, congratulating him on a brilliant feature describing the accomplish- ment and promise of modern chemistry which he had written for a leading international journal, but suggesting that he'd been rather harsh in calling those who have persuaded many people, including some public officials, that pesticides are dangerous and should be banned, "gifted polemicists, with an emotional, romantic and mystical bent." The author wrote back in no uncertain terms: "I have long been a passionate conservationist, long before most of the 'polemicists' to whom I refer began their misguided attacks. I say misguided because they have all too often simply been a blanket attack on science and industry, on whom they would place the blame for all misuse and prob- lems arising out of use of pesticides. I suggest that this is most inappropriate, reckless and irresponsible, often creating more problems than may possibly be solved." And he added: "As for DDT, perhaps I am influenced in my thinking by experience, a disadvantage which does not afflict many of its most vociferous critics. I have lived for much of my life in tropical countries without contracting malaria, largely because of syste- matic apphcations of DDT. I have seen what insecti- cides have done for crops in these countries, and what this has meant to millions of people who are eating more and better as a result." Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Siunmer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL CALCULATED IN OREGON By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon With all the concern over phos- phate applications to local bogs, I feel it is about time to check into how much actual phosphorus the vines and berries will use. Dr. Ralph Garren, extension small fruits specialist at Oregon State Univer- sity, has told me that the average phosphorus content of cranberries has been calculated to be 80 parts per million. Thus, a 100 barrel per acre crop of berries would remove only eight tenths of a pound of phosphorus from that acre of bog. More phosphorus would be included however, in vines removed by prun- ing, beating, etc., but again amounts removed are small. For example, Dr. Garren has also calculated that approximately two and a half pounds of phosphorus would be included in a ton of dried vines re- moved from an acre of bog. Adding his figures then, the total removal of actual phosphorus per acre per year would come to only about three and a half pounds. Other researchers have also cal- culated the removal of phosphorus from cranberry bogs. Azmi Shawa reported in his August 6, 1969, Cranberry Vine that a 100-barrel crop per acre would remove one pound of phosphorus in the berries. All of the above figures are pretty academic until one calculates the amount of fertilizer that would contain four pounds of phosphorus. One common phosphorus fertilizer available here is triple superphos- phate. Twenty pounds of this mater- ial contain approximately the four pounds of phosphorus and so would replace what is removed from each acre in a year. At best the vine needs for this element seem small and of no great concern here where more than adequate amounts are available in most bog soils. Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW A survey of bog tests taken from the same bogs but about a year apart has verified that phosphorus levels do not change very much over a period of time. Of even more in- terest, however, is that almost no fertilizers containing phosphate were used on the bogs included in the survey between the 1970 and 1971 soil test dates. I am now more sure than ever that there is no justi- fication for the use of large amounts of phosphate in an Oregon bog fertility program. One reason for the above opin- ion is because the bog survey has indicated the phosphate applications tend to "stay around" in our bog soils. As a result, phosphorus levels can build up in the bogs if larger than minimum maintenance appli- cations of phosphate are applied. Another good reason for not apply- ing large amounts of phosphorus to bogs is that the need of the vines for this element is relatively small. For example, it has been estimated that the removal of one ton of dried vines in pruning plus the harvest of 100-barrel crop per acre will remove only about four and a half pounds of actual phosphorus from that acre. This figure is approximately equal to the amount of phosphate appHed in one-half sack of ordinary super- phosphate or in one quarter sack of triple super-phosphate per acre. The important thing to keep in mind in limiting phosphate applica- tions is that levels of this important plant nutrient must be kept in bal- ance with levels of other nutrients needed by the vines. Just one factor in this caution is that yellow upright tips and leaves can be caused by the relationship between high phos- phorus levels and zinc deficiency. BAY COLONY HELICOPTERS PLYMOUTH AIRPORT PLYMOUTH, MASS. EXPERIENCED APPLICATORS MODERN EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR BOG NEEDS FOR INFORMATION CALL AL BARUFALDI 746-2216 According to Azmi Shawa's Cran- berry Fweof July 20, 1966, "There is a relationship between high phos- phorus and zinc deficiencj^. Zinc is not tied up in the soil by phos- phorus, however. High levels of phosphorus in the plant tissue tend to restrict the uptake of zinc" . . . by the vines instead. Thus, the use of too much phosphate can create conditions which are best avoided by limiting applications of this ele- ment to amounts needed by the vines. TISSUE TEST DEVELOPMENT PROGRESSING It is now becoming obvious that other cranberry growing areas are actively trying to develop tissue analysis to the point where bog fertilizer needs can be judged from tissue test readings. An article in the April issue of American Fruit Grower provides some information about this type of work being car- ried on in Wisconsin. Two research- ers there have concentrated their efforts upon determining what tis- sue test readings mean in regard to bOg phosphorus needs. As a result, they have actually found a minimum reading below which vines will re- spond to phosphorus applications. Moreover, they have also deter- mined the reading level below which vines actually will show the typical phosphorus deficiency symptoms of pinkish growing tips and leaves with a purplish tinge. One portion of the American Fruit Grower article that could pos- sibly be related to our soil test program is of interest. The two Wis- consin researchers have also gath- ered evidence that soil test levels below 45 to 60 pounds of phos- phorus per acre could limit growth. If these figures were broken down to parts per million phosphorus as an Oregon bog soil test would read, then our readings of 22 to 30 for phosphorus would be about the same. Since our soil testing program has led to recommendations which call for phosphorus applications at readings of 20 parts per million or below, it is comforting that we have come this close to phosphorus soil test level determinations backed up by what appears to be an effective tissue testing program. < '■*'»*^>»^»»^»^^s»<»^.#s( ►»»»»#»#^< WISCONSIN SUMMER MEETING The summer cranberry field day is scheduled for August 17, 1972 at the Jacob Searles Cranberry Co., Rt. 3, Wisconsin Rap- ids, 54494 (Don Duckart). More complete program details will be announced later. ^ X^»^*'#«»#'#»*^#^^^*^#S»#^^#'#.»#.»»#S Give A Cranberry Growing Friend or^ Employee a Gift Subscription fo 'CRANBERRIES' SEND THIS COUPON ONE YEAR $5.00 TWO YEARS $8.00 Send to Addr Zip Your name (Cranberries sends a Gift Card announcing your subscription request.) HONEYBEE POPULATIONS AND FRUIT SET IN CRANBERRY by Bruce Rigby, M. N. Dana, F. Moeller and C. F. Koval- Universitv of Wisconsin. Madison Roberts and Struckmeyer (5) believed that the cranberry Vac- cinium macrocarpon Ait flowers were poUinated by agitation of the blossoms either by air currents or insect activity. Filmer (2) showed that wind and mechanical jarring of the blossoms were ineffective in promoting pollination. Farrar and Bain (1) showed that honeybees "work" blossoms and bring about pollination. Marucci (3) reviewed the Uterature and concluded that insects were the chief pollinating agents for cranberry. Saran screen cages, 1 2 mesh per inch with a 12% light depression factor, each covering an area of 363 ft.2 (22 X 16.5 ft. x 7 ft. high) were used with the early cultivar Ben Lear. Five treatments were used: 1) a cage with honeybees at the rate of 10 colonies/acre equiva- lent; 2) a cage with honeybees at the approximate rate of 1 colony/- acre equivalent; 3) an uncaged area; 4) a cage with no honeybees; 5) a cage with no honeybees and the area sprayed with Gardona insecti- cide. The cages were erected on June 19 as the first flowers opened and the bees were introduced the day following. All cages were re- moved on July 16. Within each plot, 4 sub-plots of 10 sq. ft. were defined by wire hoops. The number of bees visiting flowers within each hoop during a 30 sec. period was recorded hourly for several days. In the "open" plots the counts in- cluded bumblebees as well as honey- bees. On September 2 1 all the uprights from 4 sub-plots of 1 sq. ft. were taken from each plot. These samples were used to obtain fruit set, flower- ing and budding data. 8 The berries were hand raked from the 10 sq. ft. sub-plots, weighed for yield, and graded into 4 size categories; viz., less than 9 mm. diameter, 9-12 mm., 13-16 mm., and those more than 16 mm. in diameter. Seed counts were made at random from each of the treat- ment sub-plots, within the above size categories. Results and Discussion The bees were most active when the temperature was high and the relative humidity was low as is shown for a representative sunny day. Fig, 1. In the cage where the bee population was high, about twice as many visits were observed as in the cage with the low popula- tion. Only occasionally were any bees observed in the open pollina- tion area. Fruit set percentage for the cages with high and low bee populations were comparable, Table 1. The cage with no bees had a 22% set and even in the cage treated with in- secticide to eliminate all insects, there was an 8.5%> set. The yield of harvested fruit was directly related to differences in flower numbers and percent fruit set as would be expected. An inverse relation between fruit set percentage and the number of flowering up- rights with fruit buds for next year's crop was found. If all uprights set fruit in any given year, one could expect a lighter crop the following year because of the short- age of flower buds. A cranberry upright tends to have a biennial bearing habit. Of the 4 size classes used, the greatest percentage by weight of berries was found to be those with a diameter of 13-16 mm.. Table 2. The low bee treatment had a higher % wt. of berries with diameters over 16 mm. than the high bee treatment. The size differences may reflect an effect of competition between berries where the greater number of berries were produced. However, the low yield treatment (E) with few berries produced a low % of berries in the large size class. The largest berries contained the highest seed number. Table 2, Within a size class, berries from treatments C, D and E, with the lowest % fruit set, showed fewer seeds than berries taken from treatments with bees. With a low level of competition between berries (poor set) large berries were produced with few seeds but where competition be- tween berries was great, a larger number of seeds was necessary to stimulate large berries. The benefits of pollination for fruit set and for seed set to stimulate fruit develop- ment are evident for with high seed counts the berries are large in spite of competition among fruit on the same upright. Rigby and Dana (4) have recently shown a high correla- tion between seed number and fruit size in the cranberry. The open poUin^ed flowers were visited by bumblebees as well as honeybees. It was noted that bum- blebees visited more flowers per unit time than did honeybees. The bumblebee collected nectar in a different manner than a honeybee. The bumblebee clasps the flower securely with his feet in such a way that the anther pores and the stigma contact the hairy underside of the abdomen. The mouth parts separate the filaments at their bases as the bee seeks the nectaries. In contrast. the honeybee lands lightly on the flower and reaches the nectary by forcing the anther ring apart at the distal end. Any pollen is shed on the head of the bee which may never make contact with the stigma of this or another flower. It is possible for a nectar gathering honeybee to make floral visits with- out ever effecting pollination. Un- fortunately, we cannot establish bumblebee colonies and the natural population is often too low for adequate cranberry pollination. The cage with no bees added and the cage with no bees plus an insecticide application produced fruit sets of 22 and 8.5% re- spectively. These data suggest the importance of insects other than bees in effecting pollination in cranberry. The low fruit set in the insecticide treated plot adds sup- port to the argument that insects are necessary for pollination. Under caged conditions, 1 colony per acre of honeybees equivalent provided a fruit set percentage comparable to that for bees at 10 colonies per acre equivalent. Satura- tion with a very high bee population was not effective in bringing on 100% set. Other factors than pol- lination must have prevented fruit set in about 40% of the flowers of the high bee population cage. These results emphasize the im- portance of wild insects in cranberry pollination and confirm the value of honeybees in effecting pollina- tion. The practical problem of finding ways to force the honeybee to visit the cranberry flower re- mains. In this study the cages limited the bees range and forced them onto the cranberry flowers. Without cages and given a free selection of nectar sources the honeybee may not always work actively on cranberries. Literature Cited 1. Farrar, C. L. and H. F. Bain. 1946. Honeybees as pollinators of the cranberry. Amer. Bee J. 86: 503-504. 2. Fihner, R. S. 1949. Cranberry pollination studies. Proc. Amer. Cranb. Growers' Assoc. 80th Ann. Conv. p. 14-20. 3. Marucci, P. E. 1967. Cranberry pollination. Amer. Bee. J. 107: 212-213. 4. Rigby, B. and M. N.Dana. 1971. Seed counts and berry volume in cranberry. Hort. Science 6: 495-496. 5. Roberts, R. H. and B. E. Struck- meyer. 1942. Growth and fruit- ing of the cranberry. Proc. Amer, Soc. Hort. Sci, 40: 373-379. 1. Received for publication April 1972. Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, and by the Wisconsin State Department of Agriculture from funds provided by the Wisconsin Cranberry Industry and the Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 2. Research Assistant and Professor, De- partment of Horticulture; USD A Bee Management Investigations Leader and Associate Professor, Department of En- tomology, respectively. Table 1, Growth and production data for plots with different populations of Insect pollinators. 1 Treatment No, of flowers No. of fruit 7. set Yield bbl/A % rebud. A, Bees-high 290 169 58 248 2.3 B. Bees-low 162 95 59 135 6,5 C. Open pollln* 375 113 30 160 11.2 D« Bees excluded 282 62 22 60 30.0 E. Bees excl. + Insecticide 317 27 8.5 25 41.5 Table 2. Percentage by weight of berries and average seed counts per berry In several slse classes for 5 pollination treatments. Percentag Size Class ie by wt. Seeds/berry Pollination Fruit Slse Class On 16 <9 9-12 13«16 >16 A. Bees-high 0.7 11 75 13 8.0 8.4 11.4 14.6 B, Bees-low 1.0 6 64 29 6.4 7.1 12.8 14.1 C. Open pollln. 2.2 22 65 10 1.5 3.8 6.1 13.0 D. Bees excluded 4.7 23 55 18 0,6 2.6 4.1 11.5 E. Bees excl. + Insecticide 8.0 32 50 10 0.9 1.7 5.0 11.1 \^^M^^^^^^ FHE INSTITUTIONAL CONVENIENCE CRANBERRY PACIf Preliminary Findings on a New Method of Increasing Sales I of Cranberries to the Institutional Market By J. R. Roth Instate Promotion & Merchandising Specialist Wisconsin Department of Agriculture Premise The institutional market is rap- idly evolving towards greater utili- zation of convenience portion control packages of staple food items on daily menus. This trend is due to increasing labor costs and desire of food management person- nel to feel more efficiently large masses of people while maintaining quality, variety, nutritional stand- ards and palatability in their menu planning. Institutional Segment Survey I. HOSPITALS-University, Metho- dist, Madison General and Veterans Hospital, all in Madison; Wood Vet- erans Hospital in Milwaukee; Mercy Medical Center in Oshkosh; Dieti- tions and food purchasing personnel were interviewed. II. INDUSTRIAL CAFETERIAS- Central managers of food services for two major Wisconsin industrial firms in Milwaukee were contacted. III. DEPARTMENT STORE FOOD SERVICE-The Director of Food Services for nine state stores of one of Milwaukee's major depart- ment store chains was interviewed. IV. COLLEGES-University of Wis- consin and Milton College; food purchasing directors were inter- viewed. V. SUPPLIERS-A major dairy and fast foods distributor was contacted. Recommendation The cranberry industry and/or processors should research the feasi- bility of developing a portion con- 10 trol convenience pack of jellied cranberry sauce (seedless) for utili- zation in the various segments of the institutional market. My prelim- inary findings upon inquiry about the acceptability of such a product indicate that such a product would have substantial market potential. A brief discussion of my findings is as follows: Survey Findings The author's interest in the survey was provoked by his stay in two hospital gastrointestinal wards. The food served gastro pa- tients, particularly on soft, semi- liquid, or liquid diets, is not very palatable after a few days and is characterized by a lack of variety. On all three diets gelatin is a staple food and the patient is served gelatin as many as six times daily. Many hospitals have gone to a formseal plastic portion control container for gelatin and use this pack for general meals and on snack trays. In discussing this subject with dietitians, I found that they would also be quite receptive to jellied cranberry sauce in the same type of container to substitute for or supplement gelatin. If this type of portion control pack were avail- able, it could be utilized in a wide variety of diets where food intake is quite limited and the problem for the patient is a lack of variety of foods available. As the substitute for gelatin, everyone I talked to indicated jellied cranberry sauce is highly satisfactory because of its nutritional value. It also may be highly satisfactory on low calorie diets because the strong flavor of cranberries will overwhehn the sometimes undesirable taste of artificial sweeteners currently being used. The biggest potential, how- ever, is with gastro patients where low bulk, easily digestible food is necessary. From a nutritional stand- point, jellied cranberry sauce would be preferred over gelatin. It should be pointed out that patients with severe ulcers probably would not be offered jellied cranberry sauce because of acidity content, but most gastro patients have involve- ment in the intestines and acidic foods such as natural fruit juices are usually allowed on their diets. Patients on general diets could also select portion control packs of jellied cranberry sauce if it were offered on selective daily menus. Some urologists recommend regular intake of cranberries in patients with tendencies towards kidney stones as a preventative measure. Some of the hospitals do not yet use portion control convenience packages as labor-saving devices, but all verified that this type of package will be even more prevalent in the future, and many are con- sidering going to convenience pack foods as labor costs rise. The most dramatic discovery I made in my investigation is that cost is not very important as a deterrent in purchasing foods for hospitals. The nutritional value, palatability, flexibility of use and convenience factors are the main criteria used. Cranberry juice and cranberry-apple juice already have wide acceptance because they meet these criteria. In talking with the suppHers of the formseal plastic portion control gelatin pack, I found that they have several other markets for this product. Catering services, vending machine suppliers and cafeterias also use this product, and there is probably a good market for jellied cranberry sauce in these same out- lets. The directors of food services for university cafeterias and dining facilities, industrial cafeterias, and department stores all indicated vary- ing degrees of interest in the potential of convenience packed cranberries were such a product available. The main criteria here again is the degree to which various food services have stressed cutting labor costs. Assuming that portion control convenience pack of jellied cran- berry sauce were developed, mar- keting success would depend on several factors, namely: 1. Size and type of package (form seal seems to be best received). 2. The amount of jellied cran- berry sauce in the package (dietary experts should determine this). 3. Another factor to be con- sidered is offering both naturally sweetened and low calorie packages. 4. The most important factor, I believe, would be gaining proper distribution to the institutional trade once the product is tested and found acceptable. Market seg- mentation and test marketing the product in each segment are neces- sary prerequisites to gaining proper distribution. Summary The purpose of this short report is to plant an idea as a seed for cranberry people and their proces- sors to study. I believe that there definitely is a market for cranberries packaged as I propose. The cost of verifying my cursory study, market development, and marketing such a product in a test market should be minimal. The investment in such a project, I believe, would be small when weighed against the market potential there is in portion control packaged foods. Since cranberries are in surplus supply, I would hope this new market potential would be explored thoroughly. My research has indicated that jellied cranberry sauce could be sold to this market to supplement gelatin, which is widely used in most segments of the institutional market. Cranberry Growers Realty Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts cranberry acreage and upland. Listings of buyers and sellers welcomed. Tel. 295-9165 CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, MIDDLEBORO & CARVER DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571 Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365 TRANSPORTERS OF FARM LABOR TO BE CHECKED IN NEW JERSEY Beginning this week, drivers of vehicles transporting day haul and migrant farm workers will be sub- ject to road spot checks across the State, Herbert J. Heibnann, Assist- ant Commissioner for Labor Stan- dards, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, announced on June 28. Heilmarm said inspectors of the Department's Bureau of Migrant Labor and of the State Division of Motor Vehicles will request crew leaders to produce registration pa- pers and make certain that vehicles meet prescribed safety standards. "Any vehicle found in violation will be immediately taken out of service. Each driver also must pro- duce proof of adequate insurance which is mandatory for transporting work crews," he added. JJ J U M E 19 4 7 It is announced by Theodore H. Budd, Sr., of Pemberton, N. J., president Growers' Cranberry Co., that Walter Z. Fort has been chosen to represent the Company in its member contact work. Several months ago C. D. Ham- mond, Jr., general manager Wiscon- sin Cranberry Sales Company, pre- dicted 500 acres of new marsh would be planted this spring, but now he does not expect this figure will be quite reached, although he does expect the new acreage will be around 400. Weather conditions were against the growers, also other factors entered in, such as the high price of vines and in some cases shortages of labor. "Food Marketing in New Eng- land, " monthly publication of First National Stores, in a summary of fruit and vegetable dollar value sales for the past year places cran- berries 45 th on the list, with the percentage of 0.11 of total. Blue- berries were 32 with a percentage of 0.51. Bananas were in No. 1 position in dollar value, oranges second, potatoes third (but first in bulk); applies fifth. An associate county agricultural agent has been named to work with Bertram Tomlinson in Barn- stable County, Cape Cod proper. He is Oscar S. Johnson, a native of the Cape. This appointment should provide opportunity for Mr. Tom- linson to provide even more time to cranberry work than he has in the past, although he has always given extremely valuable and inten- sive attention to cranberry culture in his county. Opening gun of the 1947 Massa- chusetts Root Grub campaign was fired early, this being a field meet- ing at the State Bog, East Wareham, 12 April 11, called by County Agent "Dick" Beattie. Root Grub is now Bay State insect pest "No. 1," and Dr. Franklin told the growers assembled that if it was not for Root Grub, Massachusetts might harvest an annual 150,000 barrels more. The new Western Picker which will be in use this harvest season is made entirely of magnesium. Cast Magnesium is one of the lightest metals, being over one-third lighter than cast aluminum, is tough, stiff and strong, can be bent without breaking, and withstands abrasion and corrosion. "Blossom Weevil on Cultivated Blueberries" is the title of Circular 504 published by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey, by C. A. Doehlert and W. E. Tomlinson, Jr., of the Cranberry-Blueberry Station at Pemberton. The proposal of an impartial "cranberry institute" has been made by C M. Chaney in his an- nual report to American Cranberry Exchange directors. A principal function of such an organization if it should be formed, would be to promote increased use of cran- berries through advertising cam- paigns which would be paid for by all growers. Wide, modem roadways will give access to individual cranberry bogs in a new area now under development west of the Seven Devils road about seven miles north of Bandon, Oregon, along the coast, where William H. F. Zied- rich of Coquille is clearing land and building roads for new owners of bog land who have their places in the initial stages of construction. "Del" Hammond, Jr., has also been working upon a new frost warning system for Wisconsin cran- berry growers. He has been visited by Howard Kenney of the United States Weather Bureau, Chicago of- fice, and the Sales company is tak- ing the lead in developing the system, although the whole indus- try is to benefit from it. There is planned as close a system to that used in Massachusetts as possible. It is hoped the new system will be inaugurated for fall frosts. Dan Rezin, director and vice- president of Wisconsin Cranberry Sales, has purchased a new airplane. He makes two flying directors, the other being Newell Jasperson. Charles L. Lewis of Mid-West Cran- berry Association and his sons have flying licenses, as well as others. A number of Wisconsin marshes now have landing strips be- side them. Growers are becoming pretty air-minded on the whole. Mr. and Mrs. Elis E. Einarsson have sold their grocery business in Bandon to Mr. and Mrs. George Wolverton and are preparing to de- vote their entire time to the con- struction of a new cranberry bog in the Prosper district. B. M. Lawrence 351 California St. Harmless explosions. Automatic 2-week timer. Non-electric. Burns clean Dealerships Available Warehouses — S.F., Baltimore, Houston 4 Co. '(415) 981-3650 San Francisco, Ca.94104 NOVA SCOTIA Plant growth during the past month has been excellent and nearly all of the vegetation is up to the average stage of development for this date. A Ught frost occurred on May 12 and we have had timely rains. Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Balcom have recently returned from a trip to Wisconsin and while in that State they visited Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Goldsworthy. Dr. R. Stark of the Kentville Station visited Eagle River at the same time and reports a warm welcome. WISCONSIN Sunny and dry summer weather moved into Wisconsin early in the week of the 14th and stayed through the weekend. Temperatures warmed into the upper 80's or low 90's during the afternoon while night- time minima generally did not drop below 50 late in the week. Rainfall, for all practical purposes, was nearly non-existent, though a few scattered showers did occur in the east on the 15th, west on the 17th, and northwest on the 20th. The very intense sunshine and accompany- ing moderate humidities and weak winds have caused extremely rapid warming of the previously cold soils and lake waters. The period of hot and dry weather extended through most of the week of the 21st until showers overspread the State in advance of colder weather on Sunday. This brought to an end a twelve-day period of summerlike weather which saw the mercury reach into the upper 80's or low 90's for high temperatures throughout the State with night-time minima generally in the 50's. C ^ W AG^AIR SERVICE AERIAL PESTICIDING AND FERTILIZING BY THE MOST MODERN FIXED-WING AGRICUL- TURAL AIRCRAFT. Now featuring the new concept of accurate spraying. AUTO FLAGMAN • EACH ROW MARKED •NO OVERLAPS •NO SHORTAGES • NO GUESSWORK The Boonnmaster Spray System is designed to do all your application work. •SAFELY • ECONOMICALLY •EFFICIENTLY DAN CLARK Carver Street, Halifax, Mass. Telephone: 293-3711 Some rain fell in western Wiscon- sin on several days earlier in the week as widespread shower activity moved northward through Iowa and Minnesota. It was not until Sunday, though, that more widespread rain moved across Wisconsin with more falling on Monday and Tuesday after the period ended. Temperatures for the week of May 28 averaged near normal with cooler than normal weather early in the period balanced by quite warm weather during the latter part. Near freezing temperatures occurred in many areas early on the 31st. In contrast, new record high tempera- tures for the date, in the low 90's, were set in southern portions on the afternoon of June 3. The week's rainfall fell mainly on May 29 and again over the weekend. Eastern counties benefitted from the showers late in the period. Some hail and strong winds accompanied these showers locally. "new JERSEY The trend of wet, cool weather prevalent this spring continued through May. The month was wetter and cooler than normal. The average temperature was 61.10 F or 1.10 below normal. Rainfall totalled 5.57 Continued on Page 14 Farm Credit Service Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578 PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES • Office — On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24 I ^'#'#^^*^^^O^v»^^.»^*^^^^^^^^^'#^<«*^ 13 1 NEWS inches, which is 2.02 inches above the average for May. An unusual wet spell throughout the blossoming period of the early varieties of blueberries caused heavy losses. During the peak of bloom of the important Weymouth variety, there was a very wet period during which rain occurred on 9 of 12 days. The bushes remained wet almost constantly and this created favorable conditions for fungus diseases, mainly botrytis and the mummy berry. The result for many growers was the loss of more than half of the crop potential of early varieties. Frosts added to the destruction of the blueberry crop and caused an appreciable loss of cranberries. Temperatures in the low 20' s were reported on a few bogs on the mornings of May 27 and May 28. At the weather shelter at New Lis- bon the readings were 35° and 34° which are the lowest ever recorded on these dates in 44 years. These low temperatures came close to the one which caused the most destruc- tive frost damage to blueberries in New Jersey. This occurred on May 25, 1956, when the shelter tempera- ture was 30° and some blueberry fields recorded 18°. v •!• •!• •!• V •!' V V V 'X* v V •!• •fv v 'I' 'X' 'I' ■!■ ■!' t" v •I' 0KE60N I A Jf f ■?■ A iTi ■?■ ■?■ ■?■ iTi iti iTi ifc ■*- -•- -*- -*- -*- -•- -*- -*- -*- -■- -*- ' "•■' '•' 1 4 T* • • • 4 Ti "•' li W '1' '*' '1' 'Jr^r^r^r^r^r^ Bogs Need Bees Cranberry bloom is starting now and it is getting close to the time that bee hives will be rented by growers. As is usual, local bogs vary in their stage of flower development with some days ahead of others in this respect. Consequently, the ac- tual date of placing hives near bogs will tend to vary according to the stage of individual bog bloom. Rec- ommendations from Azmi Shawa in his latest Cranberry Vine grower's newsletter call for placement of 14 hives at 20 to 25 percent bloom "so as to reduce the chance of bees foraging elsewhere." Unfortunately, it isn't always possible to achieve this ideal timing due to beekeepers' time schedules and the variability of bogs in bloom development. However, if hive placement is held up until at least some bloom is ready then the prospects for rented bees working the cranberry flowers are greatly improved. The beekeepers who are renting hives to cranberry growers this year are aware of the need for some bloom to be present on bogs before hives are placed. Both were in the Bandon area last week checking on vine growth and grower orders, and they assured me then that they will be ready to start delivering bees when the bloom is ready. If any growers still would like to order bees or want to check on delivery dates they should contact Mr. El- vin E. Burns, 5300 Upper River Road, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526 or phone 479-3491. GYPSY MOTH SPRAYING COMPLETE The 1972 cooperative gypsy moth spray program was completed by the end of June in New Jersey, and early indications are that there was an excellent reduction of gypsy moth in the areas treated, according to Robert C. Fringer, Principal bio- logist, N. J. Dept. of Agriculture, who directed the program this year. In all, about 49,000 acres of forested, residential and recreational lands were sprayed with Sevin-4-oil in an attempt to reduce the damage caused by this Number 1 pest of eastern forests. • GASOLINE • MOTOR OILS • LUBRICANTS • KEROSENE • SOLVENT • FUEL OILS • PROPANE GAS • BULK and CYLINDER GAS SERVICE • PROPANE CARBURETION INSTALLED -SERVICED Telephone: Area Code 617 585-6511 No change in minimum wage for farm workers in Massachusetts this year. Figure remains at $1.60 per hour for those over 18 years old (who have passed their 18th birth- day.) Those under 18 remain ex- empt from minimum, except on a farm which employs enough people to total 500 man days per quarter. Here, the minimum wage (for those under 18) is $ 1 .30 per hour. Good advice from Commissioner Chandler for fruit and vegetable growers who are having trouble with slow payments from their handlers at the market; this long delay can be avoided under the Perishable Agricultural Conmiodities Act. It's up to you . . . the grower to notify the buyer that you expect prompt payment. Producers need to notify buyers that they expect payment within 10 days after the date on which the produce is accepted, or if diverted, 10 days after produce arrives at ultimate destination. Tell the buyer your terms, and have an agreement with him on payment. This will avoid misunderstanding over just when you were due to be paid. Questions about O.S.H.A.-Oc- cupational Safety and Health Act- keep coming into your Farm Bureau office. From time to time, we'll print an answer to one of these which pops up frequently. Like: Do I as a farmer report my own per- sonal injuries or illnesses? Answer: NO. Only the injuries or illnesses of your employees which are work-re- lated should be reported. Opportunity for chauffeur, main- tenance man has also been reported to the Farm Bureau office in Wal- tham. A lady is looking-for a man to chauffeur, maintain grounds and do general work. He would have a 6-roorn house with two baths and all utilities furnished plus $500 per month. No small children. If you are interested, you may call em- ployer Collect at (617) 668-0380. a desire to "do almost any kind of work, learning about the operation of a farm." She is single, 24 years old and will provide references. If you would be willing to consider her for employment, please contact the Farm Bureau office in Waltham for particulars. Phone us at (617) 893-2600. Ross Frair of Farm Family was really putting out the fires during the month of May this year. We understand Ross arranged for fire protection coverage for a huge num- ber of Farm Bureau families this May. Nice going, Ross! AFBF President Kuhfuss favors the sale of farm and industrial prod- ucts to the Soviet Union providing the transactions are on a cash basis and are consistent with our national security. Speaking recently, Kuh- fuss said he saw exciting new oppor- tunities for farm products export- ing, especially feed grains, to Russia A young lady from the city is " and eastern Europe, looking for a job on a farm this summer. In her letter, she expresses NIEMI ELECTRIC CO. Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880 Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements. ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Free Estimates Ken Stahl of Channel 5 in Bos- ton is now appearing on the "Eye- opener News" show each Monday- Wednesday-Friday between 7 and 7:30 A.M. Ken is one of our state's great supporters of agriculture, and we wish him much luck-and lots more exposure on TV! This weather is really somethin' isn't it? If you're having a serious problem with your crop because of a '.particularly bad situation where you live, we'd like to know about it. We'd appreciate a brief note from you on what's happening, so that we can assemble an overall look at our state's agriculture, and the ef- fect of cool, wet weather on it. In writing, please, no phone calls. The tragic death of Charles Peck, 11-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Continued on Page 20 15 ofeiru3ii^y These people need your help. HORACE H. ADAMS Horace H. Adams, 78, of Main St., Chatsworth, N. J., died recently in the Burlington County Memorial Hospital, Mount Holly. He was born in Woodmansie and lived in the Chatsworth area all his life. He was a retired blueberry grower. He was a member of the Chatsworth Meth- odist Church and Chatsworth Fire Co. He is survived by three sisters, Mrs. James H. Scott of New Lisbon; Mrs. Jessie Nardin of Bricktown; and Mrs. Eva Stevenson of Chats- worth; and a brother, Caleb Adams of Chatsworth. You may have seen them before. You'll see these ads often this year in national media space contributed to the cause of traffic safety. They'r/trying to keep your employees alive and healthy. By encouraging them to use safety belts, both in their private driving and on the job for you. But they can't succeed all by them- selves. And that's where you come in. You can encourage every one of your employees to use safety belts regularly. Wain about the lethal danger of making excuses. Remind them that 7000 people died last year because they weren't wearing safety belts when they ran into trouble. If you do your part, you'll be helping your employees stay alive and well. And on the job for you. If you don't . . . what's your excuse? cranberry growers If For just $2.50 per acre plus the price of material applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungicides through your sprinkler system. Compare these features: 1 . No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined. 2. No waiting for fog to lift-I can work all night if necessary. 3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results. 4. All billing done in September. I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this service. CALL: BOB ALBERGHINI WAR EH AM, MASS. 295-9092 If no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop collect Plymouth 746-2734 Iheiale Mice CammtMOk beloved father of three, thought safety belts were for kkk. Advertising contributed for the public goo 16 »rlng INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50 Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- ural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products . . . Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and A'ater-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and nany other vital topics. IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management By D. w. THORNE and h. b. peterson Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50 Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper salance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant :haracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents :A this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer eleihents, sources and quality of irrigation water. DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS By harry warren anderson Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75 For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of ;ultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America ind in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- ropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- jution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the Pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference iources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their Importance. Agricultural Engln< Agronomy Horticulture Plant PatHology WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED. By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California 671 pages, 6x9, 171 iUus., $15.50 Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides— selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects. SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED. By JAMES s. shoemaker, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50 Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work. NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED. By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50 This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete covep^ age of ^ the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED. By JOHN c. WALTER, Univ. of IV is. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50 Here is a basic introduction to tiie field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided. Order From CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364 17 Desserts in their infinite variety offer the creative cook limitless opportunities to finish every meal with a flourish. Those shown here are all made with versatile fresh cranberries. Minced Cranberry Pie is a recipe of distinction, one you will want to repeat often and per- haps present to a special friend or neighbor. For more elegant or gala occasions, it would be hard to beat Cranberry Baked Alaska or the lovely Frosted Cranberry Cake Roll. 18 MINCED CRANBERRY PIE (Makes 1, 9-inch pie) 3 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberry, rinsed and drained 2 cups chopped tart apples 1/4 cup currants 1/2 cup raisins 1/4 cup chopped suet 1/4 cup finely cut citron 1 tablespoon grated orange rind 1/4 cup molasses IV* cups sugar 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon mace 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup cider 1/3 cup dark rum, if desired Pastry for double-crust, 9-inch pie In saucepan combine cranberries, apples, currants, raisins, suet, citron, orange rind, molasses, sugar, spices, salt and cider. Bring to a simmer, cover and simmer 30 minutes. Cool. Add rum and mix well. Line 9-inch pie pan with half the pastry. Pour in cranbeny filling and cover with top crust. Flute edge and cut several slits in top crust. Place a 2-inch strip of foil around rim of pie to prevent overbrown- ing. Bake pie on lowest shelf in hot oven (425» F.) 50 to 55 minutes. Remove foil last 5 minutes. Serve warm. CRANBERRY BAKED ALASKA (Makes 10 to 12 servings) 1 package (18^ ounces) yellow cake mix 1 cup Ocean Spray fresh or frozen fresh cranberries, chopped 1/4 cup sugar 1 can (13 ounces) evaporated skim milk 2-1/3 cups heavy cream 4 egg yolks 3/4 cup sugar 1 teaspoons vanilla extract 4 egg whites 3/4 cup sugar Frosted cranberries (optional) Make and bake cake mix as label directs using 9-inch square pan. Cool and remove from pan. Mix cranberries with sugar; place in freezer. Combine skim milk, cream, egg yolks, sugar and vanilla; beat until sugar is dissolved. Pour mixture into freezer container and freeze until mix- ture is half frozen. Scrape this ice cream into bowl and beat with an electric mixer until double in volume. Fold in cranberry mixture; pour into 9-inch square pan. Cover and freeze. When ready to assem- ble Alaska unmold ice cream and place on top of the cake square cut level on top. Place cake topped with ice cream on wooden board or heatproof platter. Replace in freezer. Beat egg whites until stiff. Gradually beat in sugar, 1 table- spoon at a time, until mixture is stiff and glossy. Remove Alaska from freezer. Spread sides and top of cake and ice cream completely with meringue, sealing all edges. Bake in a preheated moderately hot oven (400° F.) for 5 to 6 minutes or until lightly browned. Garnish with fros- ted cranberries, if desired. Cut into slices and serve at once. COSTS SLASHED FOR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL FOGGING WITH PROVEN CSfSECTICIDE NOW AVAILABLE [N "AUTOMATIC DISPENSER" A giant step forward in the con- tinuing war against insect pests has been made possible by radical new type of automatic dispenser which dramatically slashes costs, A power- ful non-toxic insecticide just intro- duced in a new "One Shot" dis- penser permits fogging of large areas in just a few minutes— without a single person or spraying equipment needed! Two sizes of the Fumol "One Shot" insecticide are available: a 15 oz. unit can fog an area 11,000 cubic feet in five minutes. The 6 oz. container fogs a work area of 5 ,000 cubic feet in but two minutes. All that is required is to close off win- dows and doors, set the patented clip on the "One Shot" and the spray goes to work on roaches and waterbugs, silverfish, spiders, flies, gnats and other insect pests. Area should be left closed for half an hour, then may be ventilated and is ready for immediate use. The unit can also be used as a regular type aerosol dispenser. "One Shot" is specially designed for food and meat processing plants, breweries and soft drink operations, silos, bakeries, trucks, railroad cars and locker room areas, plus where- ever food is served: restaurants, bars and fast food units, where its economy of operation, effective formula and operating speed make it far superior to ordinary institu- tional insecticides. The Fumol "One Shot" is approved by the U.S. En- vironmental Protection Administra- tion. Details available from Fumol Corporation, 49-65 Van Dam Street, Long Island City, N. Y. 1 1 101. CRANBERRIES... the on GROWER magazine j^.]kln '.'■^M^^^i WANTED TO BUY 2 WESTERN PICKERS C. E. Morse Tel. Evenings 695-9612 19 15% CROP DROP PREDICTED IN WISCONSIN There will be approximately a 15 percent drop in cranberry prod- uction this year according to Ver- non Goldsworthy, president of Cranberry Products, Inc. of Eagle River. "However this drop in prod- uction will not raise the prices on any cranberry products," said Golds- worthy. The reason for the drop in prod- uction is the late start in the grow- ing season in the cranberry marshes, due to the poor spring weather. The crop is between two and three weeks late in getting started. Goldsworthy said that "the crop would probably produce as many cranberries as in past summers but the berries would be smaller because of the late start." The unusual weather has created other problems for the cranberry growers. Herbicides are usually used on a wide scale in the production of cranberries. However, this spring was too cold to apply the herbi- cides and now that the warm weather has hit, it's too late to ap- ply them. The herbicides must be applied in the dormant stage. Now that the berries are starting to grow the herbicides can't be used without harming the plants. According to Goldsworthy there is stUl a sizeable amount of ice and frost in the marshes and this ice will have to be broken up before irriga- tion pipes can be laid. However, Goldsworthy said that this is of no major concern to the growers. Winter snow conditions also caused from two to three percent of cranberry vines to be destroyed. There is a federal law prohibiting the growing of new cranberry marshes which has been in effect between four and five years, so these vines will not be able to be replaced. Goldsworthy showed no concern about the damage, saying that production would not be hurt by the loss. Goldsworthy looked for the 1972 year to be another good one for cranberry sales even with the drop in production. "This and the fact that prices would remain steady will be made possible because the 1971 year produced a very big crop, and there are still berries available from that crop." He felt that the biggest increase in sales would be in juices which has continued to climb rap- idly in the past several years. CRANBERRY MARKETING COMMITTEE MEETS At the last meeting of the Cran- berry Marketing Committee, Rich- ard Indermuehle was voted in as independent representative from Wisconsin, and Charles Goldsworthy alternate. A vote was also taken to feel out the sentiment on abolishing the Marketing Order. On the inde- pendent vote there was 24 voting in favor of abolishment and only one against it. MISCELLANEOUS WISCONSIN NOTES Quite a lot of frost damage oc- curred in Wisconsin where the sprinklers did not reach the outside edges when the temperature went down as low as 15° in northern Wis- consin. In addition there was quite a lot of winter injury from the heavy snows which resulted in smothering the vines, but in general the Wis- consin prospects should be about the same as last year, as there is new acreage coming in that was planted when the growers rushed to plant what they could before the Marketing Order became effective. FARM BUREAU Continued from Page 15 Marvin Peck of the Franklin County Farm Bureau is noted with deep sorrow. Members and friends may send contributions to the Charles M. Peck Memorial, c/o Fred B. Dole, Shelburne, Massachusetts. (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. 715-835-5157 Madison, Wis. 608-222-4151 Escanaba, Mich. 906-786-6920 Green Bay, Wis. 414-435-6639 Milwaukee, Wis. 414-461-5440 Ironwood, Mich. 906-932-0222 20 1 1 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY WANTED Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows: 1936 SEP, NOV, DEC 1937 JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV 1938 MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG 1958 OCT Some exchange copies available PLEASE WRITE: Dr. G. W. Eaton Dept. of Plant Science University of B. C. Vancouver 8, Canada % sefiiiM llw WBCOHSIH urowcrs % CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE For Delivery in 1973 SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES McFARLIN $300/ton BEN LEAKS 750/ton STEVENS 1,000/ton LeMUNYON 1,000/ton PILGRIMS 2,000/ton All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year. o-o-o Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranbeny Properties. Vernon Goldsworthy B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521 CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager LAKESIDE AVENUE LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346 Tel. 947-6324 - 4372 Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING please Mention ERR^^l cRANit.A;«---* When Yoo Answer WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. O. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 A lot of people wouldn^t knov what these were if we didn^t pu an Ocean Spray label on them. You know how most people buy cranberries these days? In cans and bottles and jars* Jellied and frozen and squeezed* Many of them wouldn't recognize a whole, fresh cran- berry if they saw one* So how do they know what to buy? They look for the Ocean Spray label. To millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries. They're buying more cranberry products than ever. Many they never heard of a couple of years ago. But they know the name. And they know what it stands for. You don't get a reputation like that overnight. Ocean spray, Z'^. ^V- ->- -•- -». ->- -*- -»- -»- -*- -*- -*. j>. ->- -*- .«- -•- -•- -•- -»- -»- -•- -•- Kg's Ear Problem Remains by David Keir County Extension Agent Growers attending the field day leld late in May were able to see he vine shading problem that pig's jar or false lily-of-the-valley will ;ause. Where this weed establishes good foothold in a bog it shades )ut vines and greatly reduces berry )roduction. But its worst feature is hat it is impossible to hand weed )r control with bog herbicides. As result, pig's ear is developing into )ne of our worst weeds on the )ogs where it has become estab- ished. There is little doubt that prompt ittention should be paid to con- rolling the spread of pig's ear when t has gotten a start in a bog. One vay to do this is to make sure the veed does not develop berries. If s ear berries are allowed to nature, they can be spread to other >arts of the bog at harvest time. Another way to slow the spread of his weed is to keep the fohage lown in the spring. This measure lot only saps the strength of the mderground rhizomes but also gives ;ranberry vines a much better :hance to compete against the shad- ng out competition of the weed. Ii final note on pig's ear is that it laturally tends to yellow and die >ut by mid to late summer. How- ver, don't let this fool you into hinking that the die-out is perm- nent. Pig's ear always seems to ome back stronger than ever the lext year unless some attempts are nade to control its spread. tee Inspector Here Oregon state law in regard to 'ee colonies is such that anyone /ho owns or is in charge of active hives within the state must register them with the Oregon Department of Agriculture. An application blank for this purpose is available from the County Extension Office in Coquille, and I would urge anyone who has not done so to register their bees as soon as possible. The minimum fee that must accompany an application for hive registration is one dollar, but this sum will also cover the registration of from one to six bee colonies. An additional fee of 15 cents per colony above a total of six is charged when more than this number are registered. The major benefit arising from bee registration is that the State Department of Agriculture is then committed to inspect your hives at least once per year. This inspection can be vital to the health of each hive and to other bees in the area. Diseases such as foulbrood have the potential of wiping out large num- bers of bees, but an inspection wUl greatly reduce the chances that a local disease epidemic can get started. Moreover, inspection will also give an indication of the health and strength of your bee colonies. Ammonium Nitrogen Best for Cranberries An interesting article in the March American Fruit Grower calls attention to recent research on ni- trogen use by cranberry vines. Four researchers working in Wisconsin studied nitrogen use by cranberry plants in order to determine whether the ammonium or the nitrate form of nitrogen is preferred. They found out this information by growing vines in nutrient solutions in a greenhouse and so developed some idea as to what types of nitrogen fertilizer are best for bogs. Vines grown in solutions of the ammonium nitrogen grew much bet- ter than those grown in solutions of nitrate nitrogen. Plants treated with nitrate nitrogen were light green and grew about as fast as plants receiv- ing no nitrogen at all. In compari- son, plants grown with ammonium Continued on Next Page t nitrogen had a dark green color and grew vigorously as long as the am- monium nitrogen was supplied in sufficient quantities to the nutrient solution. The Wisconsin researchers con- cluded that the ammonium form of nitrogen is essential for cranberries and that the vines are not able to absorb nitrate nitrogen. Moreover, they could not find any trace of an enzyme commonly found in other plants which changes nitrate nitro- gen to ammonium nitrogen. So they also concluded that the cranberry plant could not use nitrate nitrogen even if it were absorbed. This char- acteristic of cranberries may help explain why the vines are native only to hi^y acid, wet soils since this soil condition greatly favors the presence of the ammonium form of nitrogen. Consequently, as the Wisconsin researchers suggest, cran- berry growers would do well to avoid use of the nitrate form of nitrogen in bog fertilizer programs and use the ammonium form or urea nitrogen instead. (29 and 31 degrees), and some damage occurred on small proper- ties. Total rainfall for 1972 (January through June) now stands at 25.91 inches, which is 5.35 inches more than normal. The wet, cool weather generated much trouble for blue- berry growers. Fungus disease in- fections have been acute on the early varieties and have caused con- siderable economic damage. Har- vesting by machinery has been hampered by the muddy fields, re- sulting in further losses. At the end of June cranberry bogs drawn on the traditional May 10th date were about ten days to two weeks behind in their normal growth status for this period. Blos- soming had just started and the peak was not expected until after the 4th of July. It is now apparent that frost damage has been severe on several small properties where water was not available on May 26th and 27th. NEW JERSEY Unusually wet and cool weather prevailed throughout the month of June. There were seventeen rainy days with a total rainfall of 6'.48 inches, which is 2.76 above the normal. The average temperature was 67.0° F, which is 3.8°below normal. It was the second coolest June in the forty-two year weather record- ing history at New Lisbon. The coolest June was in 1958 when the average was 66.8°. Maximum tem- peratures were below 80 on 17 days. Extremes in temperatures were 87 on the 16th and 37 on the 1 1th and 12th. Frosts were recorded on cran- berry bogs on the 11th and 12th 14 WASHINGTON ♦Oil I nmi**n-*'i**>*'H' Field Day at the Coastal Wash- ington Research & Extension Unit June 24th brought about 175 grow- ers and their families. Research and Extension Faculty from Washington State University, Oregon State Uni- versity, and Agribusiness people and guests. The group included Oregon and British Columbia cranberry growers also. The warming trend continued through May and June with the mean high for May 58.9° and June 61.5°. The high of 71° for June oc- curred on the 14th with a low of 39° on the 4th. The precipitation total of 1.47 inches brings the year total to 5 1 .63 inches. The greatest amount came on the 10th with .33 inches with 14 days of measurable precipitation. There will be a July issue of the Cranberry Vine, with the revised mailing list. Anyone neglecting to send the revision slip sent with the February issue will not receive further issues of this publication unless they notify the Coastal Wash- ington Research & Extension Unit, Long Beach, Washington 98631. Federal regulations require revision at least every two years. ♦4»*i'H'*****H-J*l'H"H-4'>* NOVA SCOTIA The mean temperature for June 1972 was 62.5° F which was consid- erably above the 50-year average of 59.6. Although we had a late spring, growth has now caught up to what we normally expect at this date. I looked at some of the bogs in the Aylesford area on July 12 and grow- ers are doing an excellent job in cutting and spraying weeds. Recently we have revised our publication on lowbush blueberry production. We regret that a few copies were sent out before we de- tected an error. Figure 20 was in- tended to show a blueberry shoot infested with red-striped fireworm as shown in the -accompanying fig- ure. In a short time we will have the error corrected and bulletins will again be available. Figure 20. Blueberry shoot infested wit red-striped fireworm. Where Cranberries Grow Visitors along Highway 101 in Oregon often notice bog-like areas surrounded by dikes. These bogs are for the growing of cranberries. The Fabulous Fifty Miles area and especially the Bandon area has more cranberries than any other place in Oregon and as such is nicknamed "the Cranberry Capital of Oregon." PLYMOUTH COUNTY FARM BUREAU members are reminded that the date for their annual County meeting has been fixed. Monday, August 28, 1972 has been determined as the date for this session. Please mark the date on /our calendar. Details on time and place will be announced later. Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW BAY COLONY HELICOPTERS PLYMOUTH AIRPORT PLYMOUTH, MASS. EXPERIENCED APPLICATORS MODERN EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR BOG NEEDS FOR INFORMATION CALL AL BARUFALDI 746-2216 15 massachusetts FARM BUREAU FEDERATIUN This is a special newsletter de- voted entirely to the status of our campaign to gain an affirmative vote on the farmland assessment refer- endum next November. We've had many requests for information and we'll call this one the SOS Special. Massachusetts Citizens to Save Open Space has been formed, incor- porated and duly registered with the Secretary of State of the Com- monwealth, John F. X. Davoren. Joseph W. Lund, Chairman of the Board of the R. M. Bradley Com- pany has consented to act as chair- man. This SOS Citizens Committee consists of legislators, businessmen, conservationists, farmers and con- cerned citizens who are looking at the total question of open land in Massachusetts. It is important to the public that farmland assessment be considered as a part of the total effort toward better land use to pro- tect our productive resources and preserve open space. This heads off any negative connotation to the concept of land use assessment be- ing a special interest proposition. Representing Farm. Bureau on this committee are: President David Mann, First Vice-President Walter Lewis and Howard Whelan. Warren Colby is executive director of this group which also includes Governor Francis Sargent as honorary chair- man and Senate Speaker Kevin B. Harrington as well as House Speaker David W. Bartley as honorary vice- chairmen. Senator John Barrus of Goshen and Agriculture Commis- sioner Nathan B. Chandler are in- cluded in this prestigeous group. This committee has met several times and has now made its first public announcement. It has deter- mined that there are two referenda on the ballot in November which deserve its support; Question #1 (Farmland Assessment) and Ques- tion #5 (Environmental Bill of cranberry growers !! For just $2.50 per acre plus the price of material applied, I am available for the custom application of insecticides and fungicides through your sprinkler system. Compare these features: 1 . No extra charge for fungicide applications when com- bined. 2. No waiting for fog to lift-I can work all night if necessary. 3. Spray is released near the crop for the most effective results. 4. All billing done in September. I am licensed by the Department of Public Health for this service. CALL: BOB ALBERGHINI WAR EH AM, MASS. 295-9092 If no answer call Jack Morey's Cabinet Shop collect Plymouth 746-2734 Rights). In its press release the SOS Com- mittee said it was taking positive action to guard against further shrinkage of open space land and that it felt that both Referenda #1 and #5 served this common purpose. What does this mean? . . . simply that the people on the committee felt that by including #5 it could, in effect, widen the support to the passage of farmland assessment. Farm Bureau people, conse- quently, are asked to work— and very hard- for passage of both refer- enda on the ballot. We feel sure you will find wider and more ready acceptance for the "Enviromnental Package." What are we doing right now? A survey on consumer attitudes toward the concept of land use assessment is being made right now. Once we gain an insight on how urban people view the problem, we'll know where to place the emphasis. It's entirely possible we could be saying the wrong things and not realize it un- til too late. Hence, the survey. And then . . .? We begin to pre- pare literature. Once we know what to say, we'll put it into words. We do know that much of the work will involve simply the education of city people. These people must be made aware of the problem, and must then be convinced that we have the most sensible solution to that prob- lem. We plan to run pubUc service announcements on the subject of our disappearing farmland and open space. We want to place guests on radio talk shows to discuss our plan for positive action to preserve our natural scenic beauty. We want to break big sometime in mid to late September with a veritable avalanche of effective talks, Continued on Page 20 16 Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL 864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries 265 -Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 166 —Cranberry Pollination 266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 666 —Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 167a -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 367 —Cranberry Vine Injury 467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease 368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 468 -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection 469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia GENERAL 536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 -Washington Experiment Station 965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 366 —New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1166 -New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 —Whitesbog, New Jersey 567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 767 -Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 867 -Cranberry Growing in Washington 568 -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 —New Variety in Nova Scotia 768 -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a —History of Cranberry Industry In New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 $1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 17 The following fungicides are recommended for use on Wisconsin cranberries to aid in the control of fungus fruit rot and leaf spots. 1. As sprays, apply folcid (Di- folatan 4 flowable) 39%, 3 qts. per acre; or maneb 80% WP, 6 pounds per acre; or Bordeaux mixture 18-18-300 per acre; or ferbam 76% WP, 9 pounds per acre; or folpet (Phaltan) 50% WP, 9 pounds per acre. As dusts, apply 40-50# 10% maneb ; or 7% fixed copper; or 7.6% ferbam. 2. Make three applications: the first in late bloom (July 10-15) and the others at 10-14 day inter- vals thereafter. The major change in the fungi- cide recommendations is the use of Difolatan 4 flowable for disease protection control. Registration for the use of this material on cran- berries has just been announced. The use label as approved reads as follows: "For control of cranberry fruit rots: 3 to 5 quarts Difolatan in 100 to 300 gallons spray per acre, depending upon size of plants. Apply at bloom and repeat at 10- to-14 day intervals for a total of 3 applications each year." Please note that we have recom- mended only 3 quarts per acre, and have not specified the volume of spray to use per acre. Where con- ventional high pressure sprayers are used we suggest that, at least, 100 gallons of spray be applied per acre. When using concentrate spray- ers we suggest that a minimum of 10 gallons of spray be applied per acre. When applying the spray with aerial equipment we believe that better results will be obtained if a 10 gallon per acre volume of spray is used, and certainly the minimum would be 5 gallons per acre. 18 We know that some growers will want to apply their fungicide sprays through their irrigation systems. Considerable work must yet be done before applications through irrigation systems compare favorably with applications by conventional sprayers in efficiency and effective- ness. Regardless of how it is done, applications through irrigation sys- tems waste some of the spray chem- ical. Most growers probably have a copy of "Control Plant Diseases" No. 20, March 1967 titled, "Appli- cation of Fungicide Spray Materials Through Sprinkler Systems." There may be information in this leaflet that will be helpful to those who plan on using their irrigation equip- ment for applying fungicide sprays. Dr. Boone, in his spray trials, has found Difolatan to be more effective in controlling cranberry fruit rots, particularly end rot, than any other fungicide tested so far. It also does not reduce the color of the fruit as does maneb. Some persons are sensitive to Difolatan and develop an irritation of the skin upon contact with the chemical. Any person who en- counters this problem while hand- ling or contacting Difolatan during spray operations, etc., should im- mediately avoid all further exposure to the chemical. r*** Farm Credit Service Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578 PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS ; LAND BANK MORTGAGES • Office - On Route 44 1/4 Mile West of Rt. 24 NIEMI ELECTRIC CO Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880 Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements. ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Free Estimates FUNGICIDES REGISTERED FOR USE ON CRANBERRIES (WISCONSIN) The chart below consists of those fungicides Hsted for use on cranberries by the USDA Summary of Registered Agricultural Pesticide Chemical Uses: Residue tolerance Limitations Dosage limit Fungicide (parts/million) (days before harvest) (lbs. actual/acre) Captan 25 0 days 3.5 lbs. Copper: Bordeaux mix exempt J Apply between July 20 and August 10 20.0 lbs. Fixed insoluble copper exempt- May be applied close to harvest 1.4 lbs. Folcid (Difolatan) 8 50 5.0 lbs. Dyrene 10 14 3.0 lbs. Ferbam 7 28 days after rrrid-bloom 11.4 lbs. Folpet (Phaltan) 25 30 9.0 lbs. Maneb3 7 28 days after mid-bloom 7.5 lbs. Maneb 7 30 4.8 lbs. Sulfur safe chemical none 50.0 lbs. Zinc-ion maneb (Dithane M-45, Manzate 200) 7 30 4.8 lbs. Zineb 7 Not after mid-bloom 6.0 lbs. Ziram 7 4 weeks after mid-bloom 11.8 lbs. Most copper fungicides are exempt from the requirement of a tolerance when applied to growing crops in accordance with good, agricultural practice. Copper sulfate (Basic) is the only type of fixed, insoluble copper compound listed in the USDA Summary of Registered Agricultural Pesticide Chemical Uses for use on cranberry. Maneb 80% WP for spraying, such as Dithane M-22, ^■■■■^^^^■■^^^B Dithane M-22 Special, Manzate, Manzate D. CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 Ken Beaton - 295-2207 The CrisafuUi Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Specializing in: TREATED ACREAGE •DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. •COMPLETE BOG •WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT •WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR •SANDING •AUXILIARY UNIT •HARVESTING The CrisafuUi is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NETTING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. •WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. obiru3iT^y SUMNER G. BRADDOCK Sumner Garfield Braddock, 83, of Plymouth St., No. Carver, Mass. a long time cranberry bog owner and grower, died recently at St. Luke's Hospital after a short illness. He was born on June 1, 1889 in Carver, the son of the late Charles and Caroline F. (Ranson) Braddock. He was the husband of the late Mary D. (Fornier) Braddock who died in 1939. Survivors include a daughter, Mrs. Frederick (Lorena D.) Layers of Middleboro; a son, Milton S. Braddock of North Carver; two grandchildren and four great-grand- children. Services were held at a Middle- boro funeral home. The Rev. Nor- man B. Cawley of Plymouth, pastor emeritus of the North Carver First Congregational Church officiated. 19 MISCELLANEOUS WISCONSIN NOTES Changeable weather occurred during the week of June 4. Mostly sunny and mild through the 8th, and sharply colder on the 9th and 10th as a large Arctic high pressure system moved southward over the State. Low temperatures on the 10th and 11th were mostly in the 30's in the morning hours, though some upper 20's were reported throughout the State. The 31 de- grees at Madison on the morning of the 10th was the coldest June temperature on record. Rainfall con- tinued light and some one inch totals were reported in extreme southwestern Wisconsin on the 9th. Warm humid, showery weather was the rule throughout the State until the 15 th. The rainfall was particu- larly heavy in the southeast. Bene- ficial rain fell in all sections, though not nearly enough in many areas. A strong, cold high pressure system again this week moved over the State bringing cool temperatures and low humidities on the weekend. Some very light frost was recorded in the north on the 17th, but tem- peratures generally remained 5 de- grees warmer than during the ex- treme cold of a week earlier. Mild, showery weather on the 19th gave way to mostly sunny and cool con- ditions with brisk northerly winds during the remaining days of the week. The rainfall on the 19th was heaviest in the northwest where Danbury collected 4.7 inches. A few stations in the extreme south- east also received heavy rain in ex- cess of one inch, while a large area diagonally from southwestern to northeastern Wisconsin generally re- ceived less than a tenth of an inch. The cool and dry air which flowed southward across the State along the western fringes of tropical storm Agnes brought light frost to scat- tered areas on the 23rd. SYNFLEX Continued from Page 1 herbicides and pesticides. Com- pounds which may be applied suc- cessfully with the hose are air, water, chl6rdane,Tordon 155,Sevin and Captan. Several other com- pounds may be used to a limited degree. The hose is specifically not recommended for industrial hy- draulic applications. Standard Samuel Moore Synflex 3903 series permanently attached couplings should be used with the hose. For complete specifications, you may write: Synflex Division, Sam- uel Moore and Company, Mantua, Ohio 44255. FARM BUREAU Continued from Page 15 stories, posters, leatlets . . . ever> thing . . . geared to a single goal VOTE "YES" ON QUESTION #1! And we're counting on you. W believe our real strength Ues in th quality of the farming people L Massachusetts. Farmers know ho\ to get the job done. This job be longs to the farmers, so we believ it will get done. And there you hav it. Any questions? What should you be doing righ now? Now is the time for yo^ people on the firing line to be forrr ing county and town SOS team: Farm people, conservation commii sioners, sportsmen, assessors, plar ning boards, selectmen, church an civic groups should be represente on these teams. Town teams repoi to county teams which report t' SOS headquarters. We will provid brochures and other literature t counties who will provide th towns. Each county should hav speakers available and on call. A. must gather Usts of names of ind viduals and groups for mailings. (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. tscanaba. Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. 715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440 Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich. 608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222 If INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT WANTED Cranberry research needs back numbers of this magazine as follows: 1936 SEP, NOV, DEC 1937 JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY JUNE, JULY, AUG, NOV 1938 MAR, MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUG 1958 OCT Some exchange copies available PLEASE WRITE: Dr. G. W. Eaton Dept. of Plant Science University of B. C. Vancouver 8, Canada iRVESTER COMTAN-r 20 % serving llie WISCONSIN groweps % ;ranberry vines FOR SALE For Delivery in 1973 SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES McFARLIN $300/ton BEN LEAKS 750/ton STEVENS 1,000/ton LeMUNYON 1,000/ton PILGRIMS 2,000/ton All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year. o-o-o Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties. Vernon Goldsworthy B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521 CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvanized Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 ^ ^AGWAY AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager LAKESIDE AVENUE LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346 Tel. 947-6324 - 4372 Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING VVhen Please .,^^,^^.^^^^.^^^^,,, You Ans>^^' WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE IVI-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 How city slickers pick cranberries. Every year, millions of people who don't know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper. They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars. Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries. In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations. They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them. Massachusetts ) Ne\A/ Jersey -'<^^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» •» J j^^^e/ffftent' NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN t5 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING L« 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 2 LARCHMONT ENGINEERING CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING PHIL TROPEANO LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 ' Mass. Cranherry Station 8 Field Notes by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Dr. Cross, Dr. Devlin and the author attended a Weed Field Day held by the University of Connecti- cut on July 6. The meeting was held at the horticultural farm outside of Storrs. No cranberries, but some interesting plots on corn and other vegetable crops. Dr. Bert Zuckerman and Marian Kisiel attended a meeting of the Society of Nematologists held at Raleigh, North Carolina from July 31 to August 5, Bert was chairman of one of the sections and presented a paper on aging in nematodes. Weather To some people July probably gave the impression of a hot month because many days were very humid, to others it may have felt on the cool side because of many foggy and wet periods. Actually the month was only 0.1 of a degree below normal. Maximum temperature was •89 degrees on both the 12th and 1 18th and these were the only days lall month that were above average. \ Minimum temperature was 49 de- grees on the 8th. Cooler than aver- age days occurred on the 1st, 3rd, 5th to 8th, 13th, 20th and 29th. Precipitation was 3.71 inches which is about 0.8 inch above normal. There were 10 days with measurable precipitation. The largest storm was on the 1st with 1.12 ; inches. Our total for the year through July is slightly more than II 1 inches above normal and nearly 14 inches ahead of 1971 for the same period. No drought injury this summer. Harvest As the work on production of the crop tapers off and the berries get too large for work on the bog, growers should take some time to plan for the harvest. Many months of hard work and worry have been put in to raise the berries and now everything depends on the care and planning of the harvest as to the condition of the berries when they are delivered to the shipper. Growers should do everything in their power to deliver fruit in the best possible condition. (1) Now is the time to make sure that the picking machines, wheeling-off rigs, water reels, pumps and conveyors are in top running order for a smooth harvest opera- tion. (2) Wait for color, ripe berries stand more frost. By waiting, berries will be larger and easier to pick and boxes and trucks also fill up faster. (3) Set the dry picking machines to pick no deeper in the vines than is necessary to get the berries. This avoids bruising. (4) Run both wet and dry harvest machines at a moderate pace. Racing scatters berries, areas may be skipped over and the vines are pulled un- necessarily which hurts next year's prospective crop. (5) For dry har- vest, pick when the vines and berries are dry and discontinue picking when the dampness of the late afternoon sets in. Picking when the vines are damp will increase bruising, put an unnecessary strain on the machines and damage the vines. R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc Serving Agriculture Helicopter AppMcaiion Cranberry Highway Division West Wareham, Mass. CHEMAPCO, INC. 295-1553 Uaoe i^od L^ranoerri^ ^roivers ^dissociation ANNUAL MEETING TUESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1972 Massachusetts Experiment Station RAIN OR SHINE —PROGRAM— 10 A. M. to Noon — Equipment Displays Tours of State Bog Field Research Plots 12 Noon — Chicken Barbecue ($3.50 per person) 1 P. M. — Business Meeting Committee Reports Election of Officers Station Commentaries: Dr. Chester E, Cross, Director Market Prospects for 1972 Guest Speaker: Dr. G. T. Fisher, Entomologist, from the University of New Hampshire, who will speak on "Insecticides and Pests". 1972 Crop Release : Byron S. Peterson, Agricultural Statistician, USDA, Boston CAPE COD CRANBERRY GROWERS' ASSOCIATION Ruth E. Beaton, Secretary CRANBERRIES THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB B Issue of August 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 4 NEW PRODUCTS OFTEN SPAWN NEW PROBLEMS Here in America where the old slogan for "a car in every garage" is already an understatement, it has for a much longer time been true that every kid grew up with a bike. It's still true with one little change . . . a motor has been added to a lot of bikes. As with every good thing that ever comes along, though, there are some who forget that responsibilities go along with pleasures. Because these bikes will go almost anywhere, they are ridden up and down hills that wouldn't be traveled much otherwise. The result is the development of trails down slopes which, following a few rains, become gullies. We're appalled at the washes and gullies we've seen in our area started, innocently enough, by kids riding up and down these hills with or without knowledge or permission of the owners. Our reaction to their junkets around cranberry bogs and across crop fields is exactly what you would expect! Maybe these folks will need to get together and police themselves as the snowmobilers have done. PICTURED ON THE FRONT COVER is Congressman Dellenback (second from left) of Oregon talking with (from left) Wayne Scherer, Ocean Spray Plant Manager William T. Dufort and Jim Olson, Ocean Spray's Oregon director. Problems facing local cranberry growers were discussed during an impromptu meeting at Ocean Spray's Oregon plant. Photo courtesy of Western World. Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin :RANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is 50«! per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers Wareham entomologist attacks cranberry pests By Muriel Rousseau Courtesy Standard Times New Bedford, Mass. A microscope, vials and cotton plugs are an important part of the work of Prof. William E. Tomlin- son, entomologist at the University of Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- mental Station, East Wareham. His challenging work includes the search for new ways to control insect pests in cranberry bogs. His work is a twofold project. "A good many insects are drawn to cranberry bogs," the professor said. He explained that since cran- berries are grown in unique low-lying areas surrounded by ditches, the environment is conducive to insects. He said, "Some insects, like the bees, are necessary for pollinating cranberry blossoms while others are considered pests and ways of con- trolling them are constantly being sought." The professor helps to oversee beehives needed for good crops on 10 acres of bogs at the cranberry station. While part of his work includes encouraging bees in the insect world to pollinate cranberries, he also works at discouraging other kinds of insects from destroying them. The search for control of insect pests takes place in a laboratory to the rear of the cranberry station where the professor studies insects raised on a man-made diet and kept in unique rearing chambers. Weevils, fireworms and cutworms are a few of the varieties being studied. "Some insects are con- sidered helpful because they prey on other pests and help to keep the population down," Prof. Tomlinson explained. Sprays have proved helpful in controlling insects which arrive at the bogs in two ways. They may fly in from another area or may origi- nate there, having survived the winter flooding. It's difficult to develop a spray which will affect all types of insect pests. One type of insect attacks cran- berry bogs in the same way as the gypsy moth attacks certain trees. In an attempt to control this variety the professor is working on sex attractants to draw the pest away from cranberries. During the month of July, when cranberries are in full bloom, bee- hives are brought to an area near the bogs so bees can poUinate the PROF. WILLIAM E. TOMLINSON cranberry blossoms. "Without bees there probably would be no cran- berries," Prof. Tomlinson said. After a few weeks the bees' work is done and they may be transported to places where there are follow-up crops. Before being used in the cran- berry bogs, the bees may have been used in Maine on blueberry bushes and they may be transported to Florida for the winter months to be used on apples or another fruit. If the hives are active the bees will swarm and do their jobs. But the weather affects how they will fly and the condition of the blossom determines if they will land. The results of the program can be seen in the fall with the advent of a good harvest. Prof. Tomlinson was born in Newton and graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Tufts University, Boston. He re- ceived his master of science degree from the University of Massachu- setts and has been employed at the cranberry station for nearly 20 years. He lives at Sagamore Beach with his wife, and they are parents of seven children. EAST WAREHAM RESEARCHER PROBES SECRETS OF AGING By Muriel Bousseau Courtesy Standard-Times New Bedford, Mass. What kind of changes take place in animal organs during aging? The answer to the probing question is being studied at the University of Massachusetts Cranberry Experi- mental Station, East Wareham, by three ambitious scientists working on a special nematode project. One of the three is a talent from another country, Poland-born Marian J. Kisial, who is research associate on the project. The scientist first came to the United States in 1969 on an ex- change program. He later returned for a study stay and has been involved ever since in challenging research on aging. "It's very exciting work," he commented. "It would be a remarkable thing if we could discover how to stop aging." In Poland, Kisiel was a nema- tologist working on the ecology of nematology. Although his work here has to do with similar kinds of projects he said that it is altogether different in scope. Used in the study are nematodes, minute wormlike creatures found in the soil. "They have proved to be excel- lent models because they have well organized body systems and their life spans of five or six days gives us an opportunity to study many generations of the creatures," Kisiel said. An important part of the sci- entist's work includes electron mi- croscopy, a method used to look inside of single cells. The interesting study also includes plan discussions, observation checks and culture studies. So far it has been determined that at higher temperatures nema- todes have been short lived and have a shorter generation time. Some aged more rapidly at 27 degrees than at 17 degrees or at 22 degrees. Also discovered has been the fact that nematodes move more slowly as they age. DR. M. J. KISIEL Although the studies are im- portant and may reveal a better understanding of higher animals, Kisiel feels that scientific work is like other work in many respects. "Time is the element which makes it different. It takes longer to create ideas," he said. Comparing the time it takes for a discovery and the time it takes to accomplish other things he said he has been building a 37-foot sailboat and can see more rapid progress on his sailboat than in the time- consuming scientific work. Nevertheless, Kisiel is a patient person and handles his projects with a calm and steady hand. He is inspired by the thou^t that every discovery, no matter how small, is helping to push the whole project forward. His rewards lie in the satisfaction of doing a good job and the knowl- edge of his work that he is able to pass on by means of the 15 to 18 papers that he has written which appear in different scientific peri- odicals. Born in Poland, Kisiel graduated from the agricultural university at Szczecin, the biggest PoHsh port on the Baltic Sea. He studies five years to receive his Ph.D. in nematology. Although he likes to paint and do sculpturirtg he has devoted his Hfe to science and the contributions that he can make in that field. Also working on the nematode project are Dr. Bert M. Zuckerman, head of the program, and Judy Epstein, assistant. Because he enjoys his work and loves the United States, Kisiel plans to become a citizen and make his home here. 7 i NEWS OilEfiON • W V V • • '• "4 * tI "1 V V "i" "1" "1" "A' T T ^ ^"*"1' Bee Attractants Two questions asked at the Washington cranberry field day re- veal general grower interest in the relatively unexplored area of bee attractants. A bee attractant would be any substance that attracts bees to the cranberry bloom and thus improves a hive's efficiency in help- ing berries to set. One grower wondered if sugar sprayed on the bog at 10 pounds per acre would attract bees to the bloom. Dr. Shantz, entomologist from Washington State University, doubted strongly that such a sugar treatment would have much influ- ence on bee activity. Much more important, he stressed, are using enough bees to adequately pollinate a bog and placing their hives cor- rectly. He recommended the use of one hive per acre of bog and urged that hives be placed facing the east so the entrance is protected as much as possible from the wind. Another grower wondered if Sorba Spray, a liquid fertilizer ap- plied with water as a leaf feed, might not also double as a bee attractant. Dr. Shantz knew of no good reason why this material would prove especially attractive to bees, but he also admitted that no ex- perimental work had been done to prove or disprove the bee attractant potential of Sorba Spray. The pos- sibility also exists that improved nutrition of the vines by leaf feeding leads to better set and thus appears to make bees more effective. In any event, no detrimental effect of Sorba Spray on bees is apparent when it is applied during bloom. The upshot of the question and answer session on bee attractants was that there is no effective at- tractant that will keep bees con- fined to a given area. Bees naturally 8 are most effective within a radius of about 100 yards around their hives. So hive placement and pro- viding enough bees to do an ade- quate pollination job remain as the best ways for a cranberry grower to get the most effective use of his bees. Twig Blight on Schedule Information from several sources indicates that the twig blight (Lophodermium) fungus becomes active about June 15 each year and remains so until late August or September. Last year this fungus sporulation time schedule did not hold up as fruiting body develop- ment was approximately a month late. This year, however, appears to be a normal year since development of the fungus is right on schedule. Average fruiting body maturity of the Lophodermium fungus on six test bogs ranged between 0 and 10 percent from early May until mid-June. Then on June 12, average maturity jumped to 15 percent. By June 21 it stood at 25 percent, and the June 26 samples gave about a 40 percent maturity reading. Thus, there seems little doubt that active sporulation of the twig blight fungus will be right on schedule this year with peak activity occurring during July and August. While on the subject of twig blight it might be well to repeat a question here asked of Dr. Folke Johnson at the Washington plant pathologist responsible for bog di- sease control in that state. He wis asked why twig blight is showing up here now when it has been con- trolled in Washington. His answer was that proper timing of fungicide applications is the main factor in gaining control of the disease. Con- trol of the disease in Washington was set up to apply fungicides when the fruiting bodies are mature. Continued on Next Page iHii NEWS 11 Once this was done the disease was controlled. Evidently the lateness of maturity last year caused our twig blight problems this spring. But with a normal year now, every- thing should be under control for next year if bogs are protected during this critical sporulation period. NEWJEiiSET Hot, summer weather was a long time in coming in New Jersey this summer, but when it did, it arrived as one of the most intense heat waves ever experienced here. In nearby Philadelphia the first 90- degree day did not occur until July 14th, which is only three days earlier than the latest such day ever recorded, on July 17, 1915. At the New Lisbon Weather Station the first 90-degree day was on July 2nd and this was the latest occurrence in the forty-year history here. The heat wave of ninety-degree days or over occurred for eleven straight days, from the 14th through the 24th. This was the second longest heat wave here. The previous record was thirteen days, from July 12th to July 24th, 1952. Despite the intense heat wave the cooler weather prevailing before and after it brought the average temperature for the month down to 74.3, which is the norm for July. The trend of rainy weather preva- lent throughout 1972 was reversed, A total of only 3.31 inches, or 1.14 inches below normal, made July the second month of the year to have less than normal precipitation. The accumulated total for the first seven months of the year now stands at 29.22 inches, which is still 4.2 1 inches above normal. Cranberry blossoming was un- usually prolonged as a result of the cool, late summer. Berries are slow to size up and as of the end of July the New Jersey cranberry crop looks smaller than the 1971 record crop. Some small growers suffered frost damage in May and had their potential crops reduced to less than one-half of last year. Larger growers have very good potential crops and if the abundant small berries size up they could come close to last year's high yields. However, the outlook for the state at this time is for a smaller crop than last year. Specialist John Meade and County Agent Kensler spent a day checking chemical weed control, Thomas Darlington of J. J. White, Inc., Rt. 70, has some outstanding results with the use of morecran and dalapon. The new blues which he has developed are coming into full production quite rapidly. NOTA SCOTIA Cranberry Girdler Control Be on the alert for Cranberry Girdler damage. The feeding of this insect is first suggested by browning of vines. The larvae hide in the duff during the day and are extremely difficult to find but girdling of the woody stems close to the ground and the sawdust-like droppings in- dicate its presence. Where these signs are evident, make spot treat- ments of diazinon. Use 25 pounds of 14% diazinon granular per acre or spray 6 pounds of 50% wettable powder diazinon per acre. The granular treatment is more effective. WISCONSIN The week of July 2 was very cool for early July. Scattered frost was reported from many northern areas early on the 4th while northeast winds kept afternoon temperatures in the 60's across the State. Shower activity developed during the latter half of the week with some good rains over much of the State on the 6th and in the west on the 8th. Warmer and more humid weather returned as the period ended. The week of the 9th brought the temperature nearer to mid- summer levels, while rainfall con- tinued spotty across the State. Locally heavy showers, along with some hail and wind damage, oc- curred in many northern and central areas around mid-week, in the south on the 14th and in the west on the 16th. Weekly rainfall totals in excess of four inches were reported from scattered points in Marathon, south- ern Dane, Waukesha, Milwaukee, Racine and Kenosha Counties. Warm and humid weather was the rule during the latter half of the week of the 17th, especially over southern and eastern portions of the State. Rainfall was very heavy in the northwest and across the extreme northern counties where weekly totals of 3 to 6 inches were common. Rainfall elsewhere was mostly between 1 and 2 inches. Much of the rain in the north fell after the 20th, while southern areas received some good rains earlier in the week, A small tornado touched down at Lake Mills on the afternoon of the 20th, Continued on Page 16 Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham, Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW massachusetts FARM BUREAU FEDERATION The Massachusetts Farm Bureau needs to know some specifics in the area of farmland taxation in Massachusetts. It helps tremen- dously in efforts to illustrate the seriousness of the land tax situation whenever they are able to quote actual, accurate figures on the in- crease in assessment of open (not house lot or building lot) land. They have some examples, but they are too few. The open land tax bill of one Farm Bureau leader in Middlesex county went from $450 to $4500 in a single year! But, other examples are needed to talk about. If yours is worth noting, please share the in- formation with the Farm Bureau. They promise to withhold your name, if you so desire. It is important to make the voters aware of the situation as it really is! Farmland assessment will happen if the public learns the full, accurate story. If you can contribute a part of the story, it will help all other farmers. From Dr. Chet Cross at the Cranberry Experiment Station in Wareham comes news that the En- vironmental Protection Agency is considering a ban on all uses of aldrin/dieldrin on food crops ef- fective August 25, 1972. If you aren't familiar with these chemicals, you ought to know the cranberry growers in our state have no alterna- tive method to control cranberry grubs at this time. A ban on them would have the effect of putting most cranberry growers out of business. Hopefully, the EPA will recognize the danger, and act ac- cordingly. Massachusetts Farm Bureau Fed- eration has written to EPA Secre- tary Ruckelshaus to protest the proposal to ban these chemicals. Executive Secretary Philip N. Good wrote in support of the letter which JO Dr. Cross has already forwarded to Washington. Not far away is this year's Open House in Cranberryland. John Chancier Laboratory at the U. Mass. Horticultural Research Center in Belchertown will be offi- cially dedicated during the annual summer meeting of the Mass. Fruit Growers Assn. John Chandler was a past President of MFBF and past President of the Fruit Growers Association. He was also an ex- officio Trustee of U. Mass. and at one time Commissioner of Agri- culture in Massachusetts. Farm Bureau delegates had passed a reso- lution asking that the buUding be rtamed in his honor. Don't forget to let the Farm Bureau know if you're planning to attend the American Farm Bureau meeting in Los Angeles in Decem- ber. If there is a large enough group. plans can be made for an exciting side trip through colorful southern California . . . and at very low prices, too! Big Tires-Little Prices are wait- ing for you at your county Safemark Tires dealer. This Farm Bureau service is available in Plymouth County by calling Middleboro Feed at 947-2017. HeooooeoooooeooooooooooooH Cranberry Grov/ers Realty Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts cranberry acreage and upland. Listings of buyers and sellers welcomed. Tel. 295-9165 CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE. WAREHAM, MIDDLEBORO & CARVER DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham, Mass. 02571 Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365 Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL 864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries 265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 465 —Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 565 -Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 166 —Cranberry Pollination 266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 766 —Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 866 —Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 367 —Cranberry Vine Injury 467 —Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 168 —Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease 368 -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 868 —Sprinkler Frost Protection 469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 569 —Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia GENERAL 536 —Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1264 —Washington Experiment Station 965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1066 —Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1266 — Whitesbog, New Jersey 567 —Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington 568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 768a -History of Cranberry Industry In New Jersey 868a -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 $1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 11 Cultivated cranberries from the United States are now growing in Finland, on a strictly experimental scale, according to a letter received by CRANBERRIES Magazine. The letter is from L. O. Ervi of Meche- linink, Helsinki Mr. Ervi is secre- tary of the Committee of Bogber- ries, the Culture fund of Finland. Directors of the American Cran- berry Exchange were to meet at Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, this year, August 7th. This is the usual pre-harvest meeting, held in Massa- chusetts last year. Directors gath- ered in New York, August 5th, and, with the exception of two, took the train to Wisconsin in a group. The two attending otherwise were Homer L. Gibbs of West Wareham and George R. Briggs of Plymouth who flew to Milwaukee, reaching the Rapids from there. The West Coast Advisory Com- mittee of NCA held a meeting at Bandon, Oregon, July 20, to sum- marize the season 's activities to that date and to plan for the rest of the year. An output increase to 150 barrels per day is to be ex- pected at the NCA cannery at Co- quille. Completion of a cold storage unit to hold berries at the plant for later canning is expected this year and a unit for freezing cranberries for the frozen food market is planned for installation next year, it is understood. Down in Jersey there has been a "skeeter-meter" set up at Burling- ton to reliably estimate the effi- ciency of mosquito control. This machine, it is reported, is to meas- ure the number of 'skeeters, not by the number of bites suffered by Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Public, but by the nightly catch of the insects. The nightly catch was from 5 to 9 in a 12-hour period. A 12-hour "bag" of more than 42 was held to AUGUST 1947 mean the pests were too numerous. Rural life is certainly becoming more and more scientific. We were rather surprised to be informed recently that the word "National" in our title of "Cran- berries, the National Cranberry Magazine, " has led some to the belief there is an affiliation with National Cranberry Association. There is none, the word "National" has been used in the title since the magazine was first published in 1936. Much interest has developed in New Jersey in mechanical "vine planters. " Several growers worked on designs of their own during the winter, and these were placed in operation, apparently with satis- factory results, this spring. "Plant- ing Vines by Mechanical Methods" was the subject of a discussion by a five-man panel at the annual con- vention of the American Cranberry Growers' Association at the bogs of Clayberger & Goodrich, near Atsion last August. During the latter part of June, C. M. Chaney, ACE general mana- ger and Lester W. Haines, recently promoted to assistant sales mana- ger, visited the Bandon area of Southern Oregon. The "Easterners' enjoyed the trip to the Coast greatly and said the members of the Coos Co-op seemed very much pleased to be a part of ACE. Chaney estimated that the production of the Coos members would increase from three to five times within the next five years. B. M. Lawrence 351 California St. Harmless explosions. Automatic 2-week timer. Non-electric. Burns clean propane. Dealerships Available Warehouses — S.F., Baltimore, Houston & Co. '(415) 981-3650 , San Francisco, Ca. 94104 NIEMI ELECTRIC CO Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880 Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements. ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Free Estimates 12 CRANBERRY PRODUCTION AND WATER QUALITY By KARL H. DEUBERT Assistant Professor Agricultural Experiment Station University of Massachusetts East Wareham, Massachusetts No Other environmental topic, except pesticides several years ago, has received so much attention as water quality recently. The govern- ment is spending a great deal of money to pinpoint water pollution problems, to clean up rivers, lakes, ponds, etc., and to develop new methods to dispose of wastes with- out contaminating water supplies. It is quite natural that environ- mentalists pick up water quality problems as issues for their drives to improve the environment. It is also quite natural that individual persons use different approaches reaching from research to emotion- alism, depending upon knowledge and temperaments. Sometimes it is difficult to ex- i plain why certain problems become public issues, whereas others do not. Phosphates contained in house- hold detergents were the subject of : discussion for many months, whereas I residues of fuel oils are completely neglected. After the Federal Govern- iment recommended not to ban production and use of phosphate- containing detergents all discussions ceased. These things make one won- der about the real importance of these issues and their defenders. As another case we would like I to mention mercury pollution. Pub- licity of mercury pollution has hurt, at least one time or the other, the national fishing industry. Re- ports abiDUt mercury in the environ- I ment are conflicting. In about 800 B.C. the mercury content of the air was about 82 per cent of the mercury present in 1724, and in I 1960 the mercury content of the air was about 19 per cent higher than in 1724. (However, as of 1960 mercury contents of the air are rising.) Tuna caught between 1878 and 1909, as one study showed, contained about the same quantities of mercury as tuna caught only recently. Conservation groups, in an effort to improve the quality of the en- vironment, are trying to introduce local legislation which may be im- possible to enforce. In one case, for example, it was proposed not to allow water with low pH to be introduced into water bodies, yet the pH of precipitation may be as low as 4, or even lower. Talks about endangered public water supplies increase the confusion, and nobody seems to know what the present situation is. Most confused are owners of industries which depend on the use of water on a small scale compared to big industries such as power plants, or the chemi- cal industry. The cranberry industry is such a "small scale" user of water, and therefore exposed to criticism which, in most cases, is unjustified. Therefore, it appears necessary to study the relationship between cranberry production and water quality on the basis of available information, not on the basis of conjecture. It is hoped that this study will help to clarify the situa- tion. Unfortunately, it will not help in cases where local authorities are suggesting standards which are im- possible to comply with. Such stand- ards are mostly based on theoretical values and before they are adopted, agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency or Division of Water Pollution Control should be consulted. Bog owners are generally accused of polluting especially ponds by releasing flood water. This author, on several occasions, had the chance to interview persons who made those charges. When asked what was mearit by polluting ponds, answers were very vague (you know, pollu- tion, you know). In most cases pesticides were mentioned without knowledge of what was meant: insecticides, herbicides, or fungi- cides. Pesticides Pesticides have been the favorite target for many attacks by environ- mentalists. Inconsistencies in re- porting residue data were the reason for sometimes fantastic misinter- pretations. The author analyzed shellfish specimens several years ago for an agency and detected 0.05 ppm DDT in wet tissues. The agency gave shellfish from the same batch to another laboratory, and several days later he was told triumphantly that his data were wrong. Not 0.05 ppm but 1.6 ppm. What a differ- ence! No difference at all! The person forgot to read the reports carefully: 1.6 ppm relative to fat content. 0.05 ppm of a chemical in wet tissue is about the same as 1.6 ppm in fat, if the fat content of the wet tissue is about 3 per cent. A great number of residue data, when used to- back up claims, were re- ported without mentioning whether they referred to wet weight, dry weight, or fat content of the sample. Facts, misinterpretations and ne- glect have created almost unbeliev- 13 able situations in which people became involved in deciding about the use of pesticides, who in many cases, were not at all familiar with agricultural problems and pesticides. The cranberry industry has been accused of polluting the environ- ment with pesticides. Over the years we have accumulated data on this subject, and now we are able to comment on this issue. With respect to dieldrin, there are data available showing that the chemical which reaches the ground, is adsorbed on soil particles within 12 to 24 hours. There are also enough data available indicating that leaching removes measurable amounts of dieldrin from soil only together with organic matter to which the chemical is adsorbed. Studies of water samples and bottom sediments from water bodies in drainage areas of cranberry bogs show that their dieldrin content is neither higher nor lower than in other parts of the country. It can be said that our most consistent source of dieldrin in Southeastern Massachusetts may be precipitation. Parathion has caused only few local problems if applied according to recommendations. This surprising fact is based partly on the observa- tion that parathion is rapidly ad- sorbed on soil particles, so it "dis- appears" from the water within 24 to 48 hours. On the other hand, parathion breaks down rapidly ex- hibiting no residual effect like dieldrin. However, if parathion is sprayed on running water, fishkills downstream are almost inevitable. Eutrophication Cranberry production is often linked to eutrophication mostly be- cause of lack of information. Eutro- phication (derived from the Greek words "well" and "nourished") is the nutrient enrichment of water which frequently results in an array of typical changes, among which increased production of algae and other aquatic plants are found ob- jectionable and impair water use. Eutrophication is a natural process which occurs very slowly over dec- ades and centuries. What i^ generally 14 called autrophication by the public is an acceleration of the natural process by introducing plant nutri- ents into the water. According to the law of limiting factors the plant nutrient present in the smallest amount determines the growth of a plant, no matter how many, and in what quantity, other nutrients are present. It is generally agreed that in the majority of cases phosphate is the nutrient naturally occurring in smallest quantities available to the plants. Therefore, increases in the phosphate content of water may stimulate plant or algal growth. There are other cases in which phosphate has no effect upon algal growth at all. Carbon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen have been suggested to accelerate eutro- phication. However, phosphate should be regarded as major cause. It is difficult to pinpoint the sources of phosphate because in certain cases only small amounts may trigger a great deal of algal growth, in others larger amounts may have no effect. The author has not seen a case in which eutrophication has oc- curred in the drainage areas of cranberry bogs. However, if this should occur, it is unlikely that phosphate from the bog triggered the event. This seems to be a paradox because bog soil contains relatively large quantities of phos- phorus (30-70 ppm). However, the water soluble orthophosphate (which can easily be translocated because of its solubility) is retained by iron and aluminum in which bog soils are especially rich. The water soluble phosphate which can be taken up by plants, forms water insoluble complexes with iron and aluminum compounds, thus becom- ing immovable and unavailable to plants. So, a fertilizer problem turns out to be a blessing in disguise. To find out where the cranberry industry stands with respect to water pollution with phosphorus, a number of water samples from a drainage canal were analyzed. It has been suggested that less than 0.01 ppm phosphorus in lake water limits algal growth, whereas pro- fuse growth has been observed in water containing more than 0.05 ppm phosphorus. Water samples taken from the drainage canal lead- ing water from the State Bog in East Wareham to Spectacle Pond contained on the average of 36 samples taken nine times at four locations 0.038 ppm phosphorus. The extremes were 0.11 ppm and less than 0.01 ppm. More detailed studies are in preparation. These data, in conjunction with laboratory experiments and reports published in the literature, indicate that phosphates are removed from cranberry bogs only in minute quan- tities. However, as in the case of pesticides, accidental direct applica- tion to running water may cause problems. Nitrate Fertilization with synthetic fer- tilizers has been shown to contri- bute to the contamination of water with nitrates. Nitrate is not immo- bilized in the soil like phosphate, but moves freely with water in which it is dissolved. The amounts of nitrate fertilizer used in cranberry production are small, and the amounts of nitrate removed from cranberry bogs are expected to be low. Despite this, the water samples mentioned above were analyzed for nitrate. In all samples the levels were under 0.2 ppm nitrate, a level normally found in uncontaminated water bodies in the area. We do not have enough data on other criteria. However, all presently available information indicates that chemicals applied properly to cran- berry bogs do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment. CRANBERRIES the onl' GROWER' magazine SECOND BROOD OF FIREWORM ON WEST COAST Hatch of second brood fire- worm has started and by the time this article appears should be fairly well advanced. Temperature seems to have the greatest influence on the egg development and hatching of this troublesome moth. For ex- ample, while hatching of the year's first brood may take from three to six weeks, the hatching period of the second brood of fireworms can be shortened to little more than a week by summer temperatures. According to the pamphlet. Cran- berry Production in Washington, edited by Dr. Charles Doughty, the second brood of black-headed fire- worm starts to hatch in July. The peak of this hatch usually comes around July 20th. The second brood of fireworm grows much faster than the first and can do serious damage because the "worms" feed so heavily in such a comparatively short time. Where injury is severe the vines become brown as though scorched by fire. It is from this easily-seen damage that the name fireworm originates. In light of the severe damage second brood fireworm can do, cranberry growers constantly check their bogs this time of year in order to locate any infestation of the insect. The present brood of fire- worm will feed on the developing berries and can seriously damage vine tips in just the area where next year's fruit buds are to be located. The immature fireworms are es- pecially attracted to runner ends and are often easiest to find there. There is no doubt that no matter where on the bog they are located, the black-headed fireworms present a serious threat to cranberry pro- duction. AMENDMENT TO FEDERAL TAX LAWS AIDS MASS. RESIDENTS The ill winds of tropical storm Agnes have blown some good to certain residents of Suffolk, Essex, SJorfolk and Plymouth counties. William E. Williams, district director of the Internal Revenue Service in Massachusetts, said that a recent amendment to the Federal tax laws makes it possible for those who suffered storm damage last February, to file an amended 1971 income tax return and claim casualty losses. "The recent amendment to assist victims of Hurricane Agnes will help those whose property was damaged by last winter's snowstorm and flooding on February 18, 1972. Suffolk, Essex, Norfolk and Plym- outh counties were declared disaster areas by President Nixon and, with this new amendment, the deadline for filing amended returns has been extended," Williams said. The Federal tax official advised residents, if they haven't filed on these losses so far, to claim the casualty losses by sending in a Form 1040X. Corporations may fUe also by sending in Form 1 1 20X. Williams also stated that the envelopes and amended returns should be marked "Flood Disaster" and mailed to Internal Revenue. Service, P.O. Box 1500, Andover, Mass. 01810. ► — Oregon \A/ashingtan S>^ Canada CRANBERRIES THE NATIONAL CRANBEHf^y JVIAKSAZINE UNiV.OFMASS K37^r BANDON, OREGON CRANBERRY FESTIVAL PRINCESSES IS r SEPTEMBER 1972 N. J. SUMMER MEETING 1 CCCGA MEETING 6 MANZANITA DISEASE COMPARISON 14 .UIBRARY - SERIALS SEC i *f tfMIV OF MASS ^liMHERST MASS 01003 -^ BIBECTOBY fop GPanliepry growers -^ Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfilizers Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters. Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. Middleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133 Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends Electricity - key to progress In indus+ry as well as the home, elec+ricl+y has been a vital key to progress. 1+ is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed. ^i^ NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY PLYMOUTH DIVISION PLYMOUTH, MASS. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES ^»»#s»#^4 The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The CHARLES W. HARRIS^ Company 451 Old Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass. Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers Q HALE-MARLOW 3 Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed NEW JERSEY A^fNUAL SUMMER MEETING 1972 The annual summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association was held on August 3 1 . A morning session of talks took place at the Sweetwater Casino and following lunch a tour of the Rut- gers Research bogs was conducted. Myron Flint, Jr., of the New Jer- sey Crop Reporting Service, gave the estimates for the 1972 cranberry crop. (These figures are shown else- where in this issue.) Walter Fort, New Jersey Field Representative for the Marketing Order, spoke on the workings of the Marketing Order. The meeting to determine the set-aside for 1972 had not yet been held. The Marketing Order had estimated a national crop of 2.2 milUon barrels with the Wis- consin figure up considerably for the previous crop estimate. Cran- berries stored in freezers at this time were 185,000 barrels less than last year and there was an estimated need of 500,000 barrels for the "pipe line." -These figures suggested the possibility of a smaller set-aside than in 1971. Phil Marucci spoke on the Frost Committee's experimentation with noon formulae for predicting cran- berry bog minimums. The Frost Committee, consisting of Isaiah Haines, Lou Grant, Earl Kershner and Eddie Budd, has been investi- gating a few new formulae for the past several years. The old Bliss formula has proven very useful and quite accurate over the past thirty years. However, the data in calcu- lating this formula is not taken until one-half hour after sunset and there is a need for more advanced warn- ing, especially by smaller growers. Results with two of the new form- ulae in the past five years have been very promising, with the accuracy equivalent to that of the BHss form- ula. (An article on this is being pre- pared for cranberries.) Ed Lipman spoke of his exper- iences as President of the New Jer- sey State Board of Agriculture. The rapid urbanization in New Jersey is putting agriculture in a tenuous pos- ition. Recent legislation on mini- mum wage, pesticides and migrant labor has accentuated farm prob- lems. Lipman urged support of the New Jersey Farm Bureau which is the farmer's most effective represen- tative in legislative matters. He also urged his succession to the board by another cranberry grower. J. Garfield De Marco spoke on the Pinelands and the Pinelands Council. This Council has as its pur- pose the conservation of the natural resources of the region and preven- tion of misuse and pollution of the area. Cranberry growers were prom- inent in the passage of the act which estabUshes the Council and Mr. De Marco is the cranberry representa- tive to it. Threats to the Pinelands by various developers and industrial interests are now much in evidence and it is hoped that the Council can effectively avert them. De Marco also pointed out several examples of effective political action by cran- berry growers. Legislation to pre- vent acquisition of farmland by Green Acres an4 the purchase of cranberries by the government in school lunch programs are notable examples. At the afternoon tour of the Rutgers Research bogs a demonstra- tion of the CrisafuUi Pump was con- Continued on Page 9 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦<♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ CRANBERRY BOGS 24 ACRES OF EXCELLENT BOGS WITH 18 ACRES OF UPLAND. AMPLE WATER & SAND. SPRINKLER SYSTEM THROUGHOUT. CROP NOT INCLUDED. f 165.000 DAWSON REALTY Howard S. Dawson, Realtor 617-759-4821 ♦ MlM ♦♦ ♦ 2 NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN T5 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING --■• 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 2 LARCHMONT ENGINEERING CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING PHIL TROPEANO LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 Mass. Cranberry Station S Field Notes by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Dr. Robert Devlin attended the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Physiologist and American Institute of Biological Sciences from August 27 to Sep- tember 1 held at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. Annual Meeting The annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association was held at the Cranberry Station on August 22. The crowd was es- timated at about 250. Guest speaker was Dr. G. T. Fisher from the Uni- versity of New Hampshire. Dr. Fisher's subject was "Insecticides and Pests." Officers of the Associa- tion re-elected for the coming year were: Bob St. Jacques, President; Willard Rhodes, 1st Vice President and Ken Beaton, 2nd Vice-President. A new Secretary-Treasurer was elected— Irving Demoranville. Mrs. Ruth Beaton who had served the organization for at least 20 years as Secretary and Secretary- Treasurer decided to decline the honor this year, making it neces- sary to find a replacement. How- ever, a person of her ability and devotion is impossible to replace. We, at the Cranberry Station, wish to express our sincere appreciation for her many years of service to the growers organization and frost warning service. Weather August was another in the series of cool spring and summer months, averaging 0.8 of a degree below normal. Minimum temperature was 86° on the 26th and minimum 48° on the 16th. Cooler than average days occurred on the 2nd, 5th, 10-1 1th and 15- 16th. The only warmer than average day was the 26th, in fact there were only 1 1 days in the month with a shelter maximum above 80°. This was the first drier than normal month since January with 3.28 inches of rain which is an inch below normal. There was measurable precipitation on only 6 days with the largest storm on the 3-4th totalling 1.28 inches. There was only 1/2 inch for the last 16 days of the month and bogs were show- ing a little dry weather injury. We are about 10 inches above normal for the year and nearly 15 inches ahead of 1971. Research Note The following is from Dr. Bert Zuckerman ana should be of interest to all of us: Researchers working to slow, stop or reverse the aging process of humans, have found a number of chemicals which increase the life- span of test animals. Among these is a chemical closely related to the dithiocarbamate fungicides— maneb, zinab and ferbam are examples. Using these findings as a lead, a program at the Cranberry Experi- ment Station is currently evaluating the effects of these fungicides on aging, using nematodes as the test animals. From the pubhcity angle alone— it would be fascinating to demonstrate that agricultural fungi- cides have a rejuvenating effect. All of our non-farm neighbors would Continued on Page 6 :iriEacsE3CiCac=«acao(±vEnciE=vEaE3E3CiC3CSC3racicaca^ R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc. Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 STATION NOTES Continued from Page 3 soon want more fungicide usage on food crops. Crop Estimate The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service indicates Massa- chusetts with a prospective crop of 900,000 barrels which is 16 percent less than last year's record crop. Size looks good, quaUty is question- able but we should come close to the estimate. This would have or- dinarily been a very respectable crop but the last two years have spoiled us. For the other areas, New Jersey is estimated at 160,000 barrels about 33 percent less than last year, Wisconsin at 740,000 bar- rels about the same, Washington 150,000 barrels up 3 percent and Oregon 90,000 barrels up 33 per- cent over last year and another record. The national crop is esti- mated at 2,040,000 barrels-down 10 percent from the 1971 record crop. Frost Warning Service The frost warning service, spon- sored by the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association is in operation this fall. The telephone answering service continues to be extremely popular and very helpful. Weather information relating to frost is re- corded daily and any interested grower may telephone 295-2696 in the afternoon and evening for the latest reports. If you have not con- tributed to this service, it is still not too late to do so. Any contribution will be gratefully accepted. Send . your money to Mr. Irving Demoran- ville. Cranberry Expt. Station, East Wareham, Mass. 02538. There are 207 subscribers to the frost warning service and only slightly more than half this number or 121 contribu- ting to the answering service. The following radio schedule also supplements the answering and re- lay services: Dial Station Place AM. F.M. Afternoon i Evening WCOD Hyannis 106.1 mg. 2:00 9:00 WEEI Boston 590 k. 103.3 mg. 2:00 9:00 WBZ Boston 1030 k. 92.9 mg. 2:30 9:00 WPLM Plymouth 1390 k. 99.1 mg. 2:30 9:30 WOCB W. Yarmouth 1240 k. 94.3 mg. 3:00 9:30 WBSM New Bedford 1420 k. 97.3 mg. 3:30 9:00 iB^giBS mawsiFi Cuiaent €iHd S<^tUfr*HCtit ^. (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. 715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440 Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich. 608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222 ^M INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY Fall Management The following suggestions on fall management are offered for consid- eration: 1) it is an excellent practice where water is available, to flood bogs immediately after harvest. This gives the vines a good drink of water which helps revive them after the rough harvesting operation and al- lows broken vines and other harm- ful trash to be collected and dis- posed of. 2) thin or weak areas of vines on the bog which are easily seen during the picking operations should receive an application of fertilizer. This will strengthen the vines without promoting weed growth. The old bucket technique of walking the bogs and spreading the fertilizer by hand on areas that need it, is still a good practice. 3) Casoron, or any of our other ap- proved herbicides, should be used to clean up weedy areas. Allow the bog a week or ten days to recover from picking before applying any herbicide. Casoron should not be used until temperatures are cool- it is broken down and passes off into the air very quickly when tem- peratures are 60° or above and smal- ler amounts are lost at temperatures as low as 40°. 4) Girdler, which is becoming a very common pest, can be controlled by flooding for a 6-day period in late September, applying a coat of sand sometime before the start of the next growing season, or by the use of diazinon during the growing season. Root grub can be controlled by using dieldrin. For more specific recom- mendation on using these insecti- cides, consult your cranberry con- trol chart. 5) plan on treating areas infected with Fairy Ring using the ferbam recommendation on the in- sect control chart. CRANBERRIES... the onl GROWER magazine CRANBERRIES THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB B ssue of September 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 5 ON PESTICIDE SAFETY We wish to bring to growers' attention a straight- forward, easily understood fact sheet on pesticide safety for farm employees which has been pubUshed by the Chemicals-Pesticide Program, Cornell Univer- sity, under the direction of Dr. James E, Dewey. The 10-page fact sheet is aimed at four groups: the employer, ALL workers, workers doing the spraying, and workers who enter treated areas. A limited number of single copies of this report are available from Dr. Dewey, Chemicals-Pesticide Pro- gram, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. CORRECTION Last month's article featuring Dr. Marian J. Kisiel, contained an error relative to the name of Dr. Kisiel's assistant. The name Judy Epstein should have been Judy Lavimoniere. ON THE COVER The young ladies pictured on the cover are the Bandon, Oregon Cranberry Festival Princesses. Their umbrellas were presented to them by Metcalfe Insur- ance Agency. Umbrellas are given to the cranberry court each year by Mrs. Joanne Metcalfe, and were part of the princesses' attire as they left Bandon to ride in the Jetty Jubilee parade in Port Orford. Princesses (from left) are Michelle Goodbrod, Melissa Kistner, Diane Looney, Doreen Potterf and Colleen Donahue. Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquiile, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers Photo courtesy Bandon World TUESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1972 Massachusetts Cranberry Experiment Station East Wareham By Win Cushman "Trying to convince the people that we are feeding the world with a quality of food never before achieved is impossible because Car- son got there first." The speaker was Dr. G. T. Fisher. The occasion was the 85th annual meeting of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association and the refer- ence was to Rachel Carson and her book, "Silent Spring." A dynamic and entertaining speaker, Dr. Fisher was pointing out to the approximately 250 assembled cranberry growers and guests that agriculturists, and on this occasion, cranberry growers especially, must speak out and point up the quality of their products. Also that over the last 35 years there has been developing a green revolution, or a cataclysmic revolu- tion in agriculture, which now is 6 being threatened by rulings which deprive the farmer of means of com- batting pests and diseases. He asked the audience to com- pare the fruit product today with that grown 35 years ago, like the apple that when you bit into it in the earlier days, you discovered half a worm inside. He also bemoaned the fact that agriculture in this country is known for "silence," that it has been fat, dumb, and happy- but now it is not happy, because it can see what the future will bring if the grower is deprived of any more tools to combat pests. The green revolution. Dr. Fisher said, came about through improved machinery, chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, etc., "but nobody knows about it. But everyone knows about the supposed harmful effects of using some of the above, because of "the smasher," referring to Rachel Carson's book, "And Ecology Was Upon Us," Dr. Fisher said. Miss Carson has brainwashed the people of this nation, he added. Her book reached a lot more persons than the U.S. Department of Ag- riculture is reaching in any of the states, Dr. Fisher said. Despite conclusive tests that DDT has been ruled out as being as harmful as had been stated, it has been ruled out. "Next will be diel- drin and aldrin," Fisher said, "and pretty soon all you will have left to fight pests will be some lady bugs and praying mantises. "But sooner or later the people are going to come to the realization that it is going to be, Man or mos- quito!" The speaker cited the powerful cipal reasons for the decline in Massachusetts and New Jersey was that although there was good bloom the prolonged rainy periods resulted in something less than a good set. Dr. Chester E. Cross, director of the Cranberry Experiment Station of the University of Massachusetts, where the meeting was held, re- ported on the activities and devel- opments at the facility, and also had some pertinent remarks con- cerning the attitude of the ecologists and the public toward pesticides. He said that the DDT kill is vastly overstated, that insecticides have been blamed for things they never caused, and that the alleged build-up of DDT in river estuaries and oceans is "a lot of bologna." Dr. Cross said that new scientific testing equipment recently obtained has made possible proof of the above assertions. He said that through data accumulation, "we have given good reason why we think environment is not being hurt by use of pesticides." He said the tests made of 160 water areas in Southeastern Massa- chusetts; on Cape Cod and in Ply- mouth County shcJwed that there was less than 10 parts per trillion of DDT and the same with dieldrin, one of the pesticides used by cran- berry growers. Reference was also made by Dr. Cross to the defoliation and damage being caused by the gypsy moth. He observed that when the areas were sprayed with DDT back in the 1940s, the moths were eliminated for many years-not just one year. lobbying of such organizations as the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society, who seem to have unlim- ited funds, and possess a lot of power. What can we do about it? It is time we got together in ag- riculture. It is time the Farm Bu- reau members stopped giving their information just to their own mem- bers. Our children are being edu- cated today in this environmental frenzy we are going through. These were some of the other statements made by Dr. Fisher. "What can we do about it? The ecological groups are eating us up and the USDA is slowly but surely being taken apart. We have to tell the people what it takes to grow a string bean," Fisher said. "Some- body has got to get to them. We must talk to those people who come up with these unscientific views on agriculture. "There is one thing that will do it," he added. "Already production is beginning to level off in various farm products because of the farmer and grower being deprived of means to control pests and disease, and what is going to happen is that food prices will skyrocket. And it is only when you hit the people in the pocketbook than can we expect some action in this fight to correctly inform the people." The 1972 cranberry crop fore- cast, always a major point of inter- est at this annual meeting, is that the crop will be off approximately 10 percent nationwide, according to Byron S. Peterson, agricultural statistician of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who annually makes the first crop forecast at this partic- ular meeting. The various growing areas are seen to be producing the following amounts this year: Massachusetts, 900,000 barrels, off 16 percent from last year; New Jersey, 160,000 barrels, off 32 percent; Wisconsin, 740,000 barrels, the same as in CRANBERRY GROWERS meeting at the Cranberry Experiment Statioi 1971; Oregon, 90,000 barrels, up ^^ *^^ University of Massachusetts in Wareham, had a look at the 33 percent and Washington, 150,000 *^*®s* machinery used in the industry. Russell A.Tnifant of Middle- barrels, up 3 percent. ^o""®' *®ft' ^d Dr. Chester E. Cross, director of the station, look D , , J , , under the hood of a tractor, Peterson observed that the prm- [jD 1 NEWS 1.JH'*********** * * * ■!■ 'V***** -M**^ OREHON NEWJERSEY Heat Still Berry Threat The rain and cooler temperatures of mid-August shouldn't lull any cranberry growers into thinking that the danger of heat damage is over for this year. Growers remember only too well what happened in 1968. That year was also fairly warm and dry until August. Then it cooled off and rained during the middle part of the month. But on August 30 and 3 1 , temperatures on the bogs zoomed up into the high 90's causing considerable heat dam- age to berries and vines. As a direct result, the 1968 crop was reduced about 20 percent by loss of 'cooked' berries. And suspiciously, the next crop in 1969 had a high proportion of mis-shapen or catfaced berries; perhaps a partial result of heat stress on the vines in late August 1968. Should bog temperatures reach over 80" F, heat injury is a definite hazard. The only safe-guard to pre- vent this injury is to sprinkle the bogs so that the vines are kept wet. Heat injury develops when weather conditions cause the leaves and ber- ries to lose moisture more rapidly than the roots can replace it. When this happens individual cranberry plant cells dry out and collapse causing their death and a resulting scalded condition of the berries. But if the vines are kept wet even by intermittent sprinkling, drying out of cranberry tissue is prevented because plant moisture loss is greatly reduced and the roots are able to keep up with the stress imposed by hot days. One thing the high berry loss in 1968 proved was that sprink- ling for heat is a wise practice for cranberry growers to follow. ♦♦<■♦♦♦<■ ■>♦**■> ■>'H"H"i'4'4'4'4'**i' August was cool and dry with the emphasis on the dryness. For over a period of 31 days, from July 27th to August 27th, only two sprinkles totaling 0.15 inches of rain occurred. A very good rainfall of 2.58 inches fell on August 27 and 28 and alleviated the drought which was beginning to have a tel- ling effect on cranberries and other agricultural crops. The month's total of 2.73 inches is 2.03 inches below normal. The dry period was one of the most severe ever experienced at the New Lisbon weather station in its forty-three year history. The driest calendar months have been 0.14 in June, 1949 and 0.18 in July, 1955. Fortunately, it was preceded by four months of copious rainfall and this minimized its damage. From April through July the rainfall has totaled 18.91 inches, or about five inches above normal. The total for the first eight months of 1972 now stands at 31.95, which is still 2.08 above normal. The average temperature for the month was 71.80, which is 1.5 de- grees cooler than normal. The 40° on August 1 1 and the 42" on August 15 were record lows for those dates. The cool nights in August helped to promote red coloration of cranber- ries which are far better colored than they were at this time last year. Early in September several nights close to freezing on cranberry bogs has further developed coloring and it was hoped that harvesting could get under way by September 10 to September 15. Water supply is adequate. In the main cranberry area, rivers and streams are swollen from the downpour on August 27 and 28. Earl Kershner reported Continued on Page 19 • GASOLINE • MOTOR OILS • LUBRICANTS • KEROSENE • SOLVENT • FUEL OILS • PROPANE GAS • BULK and CYLINDER GAS SERVICE • PROPANE CARBURETION INSTALLED -SERVICED Telephone: Area Code 617 585-6511 obiruARy IRVING T. HENSHAW Irving Tracy Henshaw, of Buz- zard's Bay, Mass., who was a teacher- principal in Newport, R. I. schools from 1912 to 1947, died July 23 in the Cape Cod Nursing Home in Buzzard's Bay. He was 87 years old. Mr. Henshaw began his teaching career on Cape Cod in 1904. He came to Newport in 1912 to be teacher-principal of Potter School. In 1913, he became principal of Lenthal School, remaining there un- til 1941. In the latter years there he also was principal of Carey School. From 1941 to 1947 he was princi- pal of Sheffield and Coggeshall Schools. Mr. Henshaw was a member of the Newport Historical Society and the Newport Discussion Club, the Bourne Methodist Church, the Bourne Community Chest and the Bourne Historical Society. He had owned and maintained cranberry bogs since 1913 and was a member of Ocean Spray Cranberry Growers for many years. He leaves his wife, Mrs. Ruth M. Bradley Henshaw; two daugh- ters, Miss Pearl Bradley Henshaw and Miss Elinor Clara Henshaw of ^^ Buzzards Bay; and several nieces ^^ and nephews. NEW JERSEY SUMMER MEETING Continued from Page 1 ducted by Douglas Beaton, Cran- berry Growers Service, Wareham, Massachusetts. There were also dem- onstrations in research in insect control, nutrition, weed control, pollination, oxygen deficiency, cran- berry coloration and cranberry cul- ture. Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Service P.O. Box 429 Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. Phone 423-4871 W/scons/n Distributor for Casoron® G-4 grariules ^z? "^S '^0 ^/? ^y H'. CASORON DICHLOBENIL WEED & GRASS KILLER A Research Discovery of n.V. PHILIPS-DUPHAR U.S. Pat. No. 3,027,248 ^ • ^ ^^ ****** CASORON^^ : ^ : : CASORON^: : IS AVAILABLE IN • IS AVAILABLE IN : NEW JERSEY : MASSACHUSETTS \ from 2 from PARKHURST : R. F. MORSE & SON \ FARM SUPPLY • West Wareham ; * 301 N. WHITE HORSE PIKE J Tel. 295-1553 i HAAAMONTON * PHONE 609-561-0960 I USE CASORON NOW AND NEXT SPRING A FEW THINGS WONT BE REBORN. March 21st is the first day of spring. You can wait around till then to do your weeding. And hassle with it the rest of the season. Or you can go out and buy CASORON now and use it now and wake up early that first spring morning and look out over your cranberries and know that you probably won't be having any of the hard-to-kill weeds and grasses CASORON kills, all season long. To use CASORON may cost you a little more. But not to use it could cost you a lot more. Forewarned is foreweeded. Thompson-Hay ward Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110 CASORON i^. / SEPTEMBER 1947 The official forecast of the size of the crop has been made, pick- ing was beginning as September started, and the selling price, as al- ways, became a principal topic. NCA announced a cut in the whole- sale price of Ocean Spray cranberry sauce, and other processors were reported to be making cuts also. A new cranberry specialist has been named to assist Massachusetts growers in the solution of their problems as part of the Extension Service. J. Richard Beat tie, who has become widely and favorably known among the growers as Ply- mouth County Agent, specializing in cranberries, has been named to the position by R. A. VanMeter, acting president of University of Massachusetts. His appointment is effective as of October 1, and Mr. Beattie, Mrs. Beattie and two chil- dren plan to make their home in the general vicinity of the Exper- iment Station at East Wareham. More than 300 attended the summer meeting of the American Cranberry Growers' Association August 28th at the bogs of William H. Reeves, Route 40, between Upton and Four-Mile State Colony traffic circle, New Jersey. This meeting was an innovation in that it was an exhibition of cranberry equipment. Members of the Wisconsin Cran- berry Growers ' association heard visiting speakers discuss problems affecting their industry at the reg- ular summer meeting of the associa- tion in the Hotel Witter on Aug. 9. It was with shocked regret that the Massachusetts cranberry indus- try learned of the death of Con- gressman Charles L. Gifford. Mr Gifford had been a cranberry grower, regular attendant at cran- berry meetings; many, many tirfies 12 a speaker at meetings of Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association meetings, and a good friend of the industry. The Field Day which was held in August at the Cranberry-Blue- berry Laboratory in Long Beach, Washington attracted more than 150 enthusiastic growers and their friends to the Experiment Station. D. J. Crowley, Superintendent of the station, explained some of the work which he is carrying on at the Laboratory and Dr. J. H. Clarke talked about the work be- ing done at Cranguyma Farms. Airplane dusting with Piper Cubs has been tried out in Wiscon- sin on approximately 300 acres of marsh belonging to members of the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company, with 5 percent DDT dust being used. The insects which the growers were trying to control were blackheaded fireworm and the bluntnosed leafhopper. The second brood of fireworm proved serious on some of the marshes. New England Cranberry Sales Company this year did its biggest job to date in fruitworm control for grower-members- in egg count and then in control-Frederick P. Hepburn, foreman of the Tremont packing house, asserting: "I have never before seen anything like this summer for requests for egg counts by the growers. " We took more than 500 samples, represent- ing at least 135 growers, and othe, counts were made at the bogs. B. M. Lawrence 351 California St. Harmless explosions. Automatic 2-weei< timer. Non-electric. Burns clean Dealerships Available Warehouses — S.F., Baltimore, Houston & Co. •(415) 981-3650 San Francisco, Ca. 94104 NIEMI ELECTRIC CO Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880 Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements. ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Free Estimates Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the articles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL -Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries -Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts -Application of Granular Herbicides -Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries -Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington -Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin -New Cranberry Varieties for Processing -Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease -Cranberry Pollination -Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries -Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled -Telephone Frost Warning Device -Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety -Cranberry Vine Injury -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries -Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects -Cranberry Pollination -Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin -Control of Fairy Rung Disease -Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia -Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report -Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries -Sprinkler Frost Protection -Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia GENERAL -Volume 1-Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 -Washington Experiment Station -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 -Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog -New Jersey Research Center at Oswego -Whitesbog, New Jersey -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 -Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer -Cranberry Growing in Washington -New Direction in Harvesting Techniques -New Variety in Nova Scotia -Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey -ACGA New Jersey Meeting, 1968 $1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75 3.00 1.75 1.25 1.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.25 13 CRANBERRY MEN VOTE TO POSTPONE DECISION ON 1972 SET-ASIDE QUOTA The National Cranberry Market- ing Committee, meeting in Boston on September 7, voted to postpone a decision on what the set-aside quota will be for 1972. Newly-elected chairman John C. Decas of Wareham said there was no indication, however, of when, or in- deed if, they would meet. "If we don't vote for or against a set-aside quota, it will be avoided by simple passage of time," he said. The executive group, representing cranberry growers in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wisconsin and Oregon, approved an estimated harvest fig- ure of 2,155,000 barrels, but mo- tions for an eight percent set-aside and no set-aside were defeated. Those against the usual surplus set-aside argued that crop quality was down and that the set-aside would handicap meeting regular market demands. In the past a percentage of the regular crop has been set aside for experiments and non-competitive markets. The 11th annual meeting at the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel was also at- tended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture representative, George Dever. Members of the Cranberry Marketing committee are shown at their annual meeting, held in the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel in Bos- ton. Seated are the officers of the committee, left to right, George C. P. Olsson, vice chairman; John C. Decas, chairman, and J. Garfield DeMarco, secretary-treasurer; standing, Charles Thompson, Jr., and Richard Indemuehle. MANZANITA DISEASE COMPARISON By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon While sampling and checking lo- cal bogs, I have noticed native man- zanita plants in some locations tc be showing signs of plant disease problems. At least one of these diseases would be of interest tc cranberry growers. It involves the symptom of an abnormal shoot a- rising from the side of otherwise normal manzanita branches. This unusual shoot is swollen and bears enlarged, pinkish colored leaves. Diagnosis of the cause of this con- dition in manzanita by the Oregon State University Plant Clinic in Corvallis has shown an Exobasidium type of fungus to be the culprit. To refresh your memory on cranberry diseases, the Exobasidium group of fungus organisms are the ones that cause red leaf spot and rose bloom in the vines. However, about two years ago, for the first time I noticed swollen shoots aris- ing from cranberry runners on two or three Bandon bogs. These shoots were a deep red color but showed basically the same condition as found on manzanita. And sure enough, identification of the fungus responsible for the similar disease symptoms on both plants now re- veals the same type of fungus to be the cause in each case. The above shouldn't be too sur- prising when it is realized thai manzanita and the cranberry arf both members of the Ericaceae oi heath family of plants. What maj be of more interest to growers i: that the Exobasidium-caused swol len shoots in cranberry have beer explained as a secondary symptorr of the red leaf spot fungus. Yet red leaf spot is related to high nitro gen availability, overgrowth and ex- cess watering. These conditions are not found in locations where nativfi manzanita grows, yet the same swollen stem condition as is found on a few bogs is evident. Perhaps Continued on Next Page 14 what I am finding on both cranberry and manzanita is a form of Exobas- idium-caused disease that does not follow the conditions necessary for red leaf spot development. AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION iANDBOOK BY RAIN BIRD The 10th edition of the Sprinkler rrigation Handbook, published by lain Bird is now available. Clearly vritten detailed information is dis- ;ussed on every aspect of agricul- ural irrigation using sprinklers. The iandbook is made up of 20 differ- !nt sections, covering System Lay- )ut, Permanent and Solid Set Sprinkler Systems, Economic Analy- ;is, and Evaporation Factors. The B-page Handbook is complete with eference charts and tables. Copies ire available by writing Rain Bird, Attn: Catalog Department, 7045 »Jorth Grand Avenue, Glendora, :alifornia 91740. 50^ each. IN-LINE, SEMI-AUTOMATIC UNCASER INTRODUCED BY NEWCASTLE Newcastle Company introduces an Uncasing Machine, tradename FLOUNC ASER for uncasing bottles from flap cases on high or low speed production lines. , Newcastle Flouncaser is semi- automatic whereby the cases are placed onto infeed conveyor. The ;ases are squeezed, opening the outside flaps, and the bottles are owered gently onto the conveyor. The operator then removes the case rom Flouncaser. The unique design of the Floun- aser allows adjustment for a wide ize range of cases and variable incasing speeds up to 35 C.P.M. Its elf-contained construction allows lor portability from line to line. The introduction of the Floun- aser adds to the complete line of lewcastle Packaging Equipment, lanufacturing and sales headquar- ;rs are in New Castle, Pennsyl- ania 16105. PARKING LOT pavement in front of Ocean Spray Cranberries Bandon Oregon warehouse is removed by contractor in preparation for laying new asphalt as plant readies for the beginning of picking season. Harvesting of the crop - expected to be the largest ever in this area - will begin sometime in October, according to plant manager William T. Dufort. CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | Ken Beaton - 295-2207 The CrisafuUi Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Specializing in: TREATED ACREAGE •DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. •COMPLETE BOG •WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT •WATER HARVEST •FLUME REPAIR •SANDING •AUXILIARY UNIT •HARVESTING The CrisafuUi is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NETTING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. •WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. 15 DON'T WAIT FOR THE HOLIDAYS MAKE THE MOST OF CRANBERRIES NOW Bouncy fresh cranberries begin to pour into local markets this month. Be ready for the lush, red harvest with recipes to make the most of them! The dishes shown here make excellent eating right now. Or, get ahead of the game by mak- ing cranberry Christmas gifts for your favorite friends now while fresh cranberries are at peak color and flavor. Freeze a quantity, too, for all your hoUday cooking as well as to use all year round. The cheery little red berries are a snap to freeze. Just pop the boxes or bags of berries, unopened, into the freezer. There is no need to wash them beforehand. Then, when you are ready to use, do not thaw. Just rinse the berries and use whole or chopped in any recipe calling for fresh cranberries. CRANBERRY SHERBET (Makes 1 quart sherbet) 2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries 1 cup water 1/4 pound marshiKallows 1 cup unsweetened pineapple juice 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1/2 cup sugar 2 egg whites 1/8 teaspoon salt Cook cranberries in water until skins pop; press through a sieve. Heat marshmal- iows in pineapple juice untU melted, combine with sieved cranberries, lemon juice and 1/4 cup sugar. Freeze in refrig- erator tray to a mush. Beat egg whites until stiff with remaining 1/4 cup sugar and salt. Fold in partially frozen cran- berry mixture and return to tray. Freeze until firm. CRANBERRY MYSTERY SALAD (Makes 12 servings) 1 cup sugar 1/2 cup cold water 2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries or 1 can (16-ounce) Ocean Spray whole berry cranberry sauce 3 packages (3 ounces each) raspberry flavor gelatin 11/4 cups boiling water 2 cans (16 ounce each) stewed tomatoes 4 dashes Tabasco (optional) In large saucepan combine sugar and cold water and heat to boiling. Add cran- berries and cook quickly until berries have popped and the syrup is sUghtly thickened. Cool. Dissolve gelatin in boiling water and im- mediately stir in tomatoes, breaking into chunks. Refrigerate until the consistency of unbeaten egg white; stir in the cran- berry sauce. Pour into an oiled 2-quart ring mold. Cover and refrigerate overnight. Serve, unmolded on a bed of mixed greens. Pass tart dressing or cottage cheese. 16 CRANBERRY MEDLEY (Makes 8 servings) 4 cups cooked ham, diced 4 cups cooked yams, sliced 2 cups Ocean Spray fresh cranberries 2 cups mandarin oranges 1/2 cup packed brown sugar 1/4 cup maple syrup 1/2 cup water 1/2 cup dark seedless raisins In 13" X 9" baking dish layer ham, yams, cranberries and oranges. In bowl combine remaining ingredients, pour over oranges. Bake covered, in moderate oven (35 OOF.) 30 minutes or until hot and bubbly. CRANBERRY LEMON CONSERVE (Makes about 3 pints) 2 cups sugar 1 cup orange juice 2 lemons, cut into paper thin slices, seeds removed 1 package (1 pound) Ocean Spray fresh or frozen cranberries In a saucepan mix sugar and orange juice and bring to a boil. Add lemons and simmer for 5 minutes or until peels are wilted. Add cranberries and simmer for 5 minutes or until cranberries are tender but still hold their shape. Let cranberries cool in syrup and then spoon into jars. Seal and store in refrigerator until ready to serve. INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING By H. F. MCCOLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50 Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the elationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Joth the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics ire fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- ural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ng Agricultural Products... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Vater-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . , . and lany other vital topics. IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and Management By D. w. THORNE and h. b. Peterson Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50 lere is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting rrigatibn in relation to other soil management practices. Since tie publication of the first edition, research has shown that laximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper alance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant haracteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents i this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation ater, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources nd quality of irrigation water. DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS By harry warren anderson Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501 pages, 6x9, $13.75 or research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, lis book provides detailed information on the diseases of iltiyated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America id in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- opical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- ition, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the ithogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference urces are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their iportance. Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED. By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California and WILFRED w. robbins. formerly of Univ. of California 671 pages, 6x9, 171 illus., $15.50 Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds m agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides - selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects. SMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED. By JAMES s. SHOEMAKER, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50 Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work. NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED. By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525pages, 224 illus., $11.50 This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover* age of V the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatrnent. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED. By JOHN c. WALi^ER, Univ. of Wis. IQl pages, 6 X 9, 194 illus., $13.50 Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant pathology written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided. Order From CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE P.O. Box J, Kingston, Mass. 02364 17 massacnusetts FARM BUREAU FEDERATION Farm Bureau membership has just exceeded the 4200 member mark. OSHA -Recent newspaper stories have reported that there has been a general relaxing of rules and reg- ulations relative to small farmers and their need for records, etc. While Congress has taken action towards this direction, a final bill has yet to be placed before the President for his approval. Until such time as statutory or regulatory exemptions are approved, farmers should still maintain the records required under the act. Massachusetts farmers lose a ^■e^2C?- Senator Philip A. Quinn of Spencer passed away last week at the Mass. General Hospital after a long illness. Among his many hon- ors was a plaque from Worcester County Farm Bureau for his "out- standing service to agriculture." Be- hind the words lie the true feelings of farmers about Phil Quinn. He was our good friend. That says it all. Only modest success is reported by county presidents to their letters asking for furids to support the work on the farmland assessment referendum. We are patient, and we realize this is not a good year for farmers in the state. But . . . September is here-and much remains to be done. If we don't have the resources, we can't order the printing of brochures so vital to our efforts. Many people are working very hard toward pas- sage of this question. County organ- izations are working out a plan of action in cooperation with fhe Massachusetts Citizens to Save Open Space. 18 Farmers who carry pesticides on their trucks should be extremely careful to prevent the pesticides from falling off of a truck, and having some unsuspecting person pick the package up and place it in their car. Farmers must use caution at all times if they want to remain relatively free of government con- trol on the transportation and handling of pesticides. Policy Development T/me-Ma- terial is now being prepared relative to issues facing farmers in 1973. Farm Bureau members are invited to contribute their thoughts relative to problems facing farmers for in- clusion into the policy development material. Farm Bureau members wishing to contribute their ideas should direct them to Secretary PhUip N. Good, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154. Plymouth County Farm Bureau has aheady raised 50 percent of quota. Newly-elected county presi- dent Dan O'Connor asks where other counties stand in their efforts. Effective September 1, 1972, Massachusetts becomes the 46th state in the nation to have a Motor Vehicle Certificate of Title Law. This new law will affect newly acquired vehicles after Sept. 1 with certain exceptions. A complete ex- planation of the new law will appear in the Sept. issue of Northeast Ag- riculture. Three new Farm family agents have been added to the staff within the Massachusetts Farm Bureau serv- ice area. Francis Bingham now ' works out of the Southeast office while Thomas Kendall and Steven Hall are on the staff of the Norths east office. *'Save Open Space" bumper strips are now available for use by people in support of Referenda Nos. 1 and 5. Set in colorful green and white, they can be obtained through the Citizens to Save Open Sapce, 85 Central St., Waltham, Mass. 02154. Donations of $1 each will be gratefully accepted. Cape Cod Farm Bureau mem- bers report a favorable reaction by voters who viewed their material on farmland assessment at the recent Barnstable Fair. MFBF President Dave Mann worked at the booth, as did county Pres. John Perry, along with several volunteers. All report that voters were favorably impressed with the proposed change in the Constitution. Farm Credit Service Box 7, Taunton, Mass. 02781 Tel. 617 824-7578 PRODUCTION CREDIT LOANS LAND BANK MORTGAGES Office - On Route 44 1/4MileWestof Rt. 24 sin NEWS Continued from Page 8 line inches of rain at his Coopera- ive Weather Bureau Station at 'hatsworth. On July-drawn cranberry bogs, irmy worms are potentially a threat It this time of year. None have been )bserved yet but some scouting Jiould begin on the lush new growth )n these bogs. The worms feed at light but damage is easily seen es- )ecially along ditch banks. They are )rimarily grass feeders and when hey are present their feeding on prasses is easily observed. Phil Marucci reports that the bat- le of the blueberry fruit worms is )ver for this year. We hope that you ^^ere very successful with the con- rol program. Late season activity )f red-banded and oblique-banded eafroUers, as well as leaf miners can till damage in late pickings. Be on he alert for these insects and apply [uthion where they are abundant. Phil Marucci of the Cranberry md Blueberry Lab, New Lisbon, Idvises us that sharp-nosed leafhop- jers are active in blueberries. This s the pest that carries the stunt lisease. It is necessary that people inder the certification program pray to control this pest. Guthion tr malathion will do the job. NOVA SCOTIA My wife and I attended the 69th nnual meeting of the American ociety for Horticultural Science eld at St. Paul, Minnesota August 6-31. One of the highlights of the leetings was the tour to the Habel- lan bog at Millston, Wisconsin, eorge Klingbeil gave us a splendid in-down of the industry in Wis- )nsin and the owners answered any questions. The weather was ideal for our cranberry tour which was held on September 13 in the Aylesford area. We first visited the Bezanson and the Chase bog where much interest was shown in the performance of cultivars Ben Lear and Stevens un- der Nova Scotia conditions. Later we visited Annapolis Valley Cran- berries operation at Millville, and here the discussion centered on weed control and crop prospects. Production should be in excess of the 1971 crop. WASBINBTON ♦ •♦itimm I* !<■ ♦**♦■> ■>■><■ Dr. Charles Doughty and Azmi Shawa attended the American So- ciety for Horticultural Science Inter- national and National meeting held at the Hilton Hotel and University of Minnesota, St. Paul, from August 26-31. Dr. Doughty presided at one of the sections and presented a paper on Ultra-Violet Absorbance Changes Associated with Cold Re- sistance, Susceptibihty and Injury. Azmi presented a paper on Response of Cranberry Bogs to Sulfur-coated Urea: A Slow Releasing Nitrogen. Mr. Shawa visited Wisconsin cran- berry areas with Dr. Donald Boone, University of Wisconsin Pathologist, August 24-26. Dry weather continued in August with only six days showing precipi- tation. The total for the month was .42 of an inch, with the 17th show- ing the greatest amount of .25 of an inch. The highest temperature of 88° occurred on the 8th with a low of 40° on the 31st. The mean high for the month was 67.0° and the mean low 49.87°. Weather readings are taken at 8:00 a.m. and the tempera- tures apply to the previous 24-hour period. WISCONSIN Cooler than normal weather con- tinued to be the rule across Wiscon- sin. The morning of August 4 was particularly cold with temperatures in the 30's or low 40's. Rainfall was heavy and in excess of 3 inches locally in southwestern Wisconsin and in the counties along the Illinois border during the week. The Missis- sippi River is running at record high levels for the month of August. Shower activity was widespread throughout the State again on Sun- day. A cold front moved into the west-central area of the State on the 14th and spread rapidly south- ward, bringing heavy rain, hail and high winds. Hot, humid air again returned on the 16th, followed by more storms and heavy rain on the 18th and 19th. Temperatures mod- erated somewhat on the weekend but humidities remained high. Showers and thunderstorms also brought more heavy rain to the State almost daily during the week of the 21st clearing finally on the 27th. The rainfall was particularly heavy over the south on the 25th and in the northeast on the 26th, Continued on Next Page Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW 19 WISCONSIN Continued from Page 19 with many 2 to 4 inch totals re- ported. Temperatures averaged a little warmer than normal early in the week, while cloudy and cool conditions prevailed later in the week. BLUEBERRY FIELD DAY HELD IN OREGON Production and marketing of blueberries in southwest Oregon were topics of major interest at a blueberry field day held in mid- August and sponsored by the Coos and Curry county extension offices. Stops made during the tour were at Misty Meadows blueberry stand at Dew Valley south of Bandon and at Jensen's blueberry farm in northern Curry County. Blueberries seem well adapted to coastal growing conditions but considerable grower effort is needed to obtain profitable yields. Produc- tion practices stressed by Dr. Ralph Garren, extension small fruits spe- ialist from Oregon State University, were aimed at acquainting Coos and Curry county growers with growing methods used in other areas of the northwest. Local growers, Charles Jensen of Denmark and Mike Keller of Ban- don, added their blueberry growing experiences in order to stress the conditions unique to southwest Ore- gon. Roland Groder, Oregon State University extension marketing spe- cialist from CorvaUis, explained guidelines for marketing fresh blue- berries and for handling crop sur- pluses held over in freezers. For those who were unable to attend this tour, information on blueberries is available from the Curry county extension office in Gold Beach and the Coos county extension office in Coquille. Of special interest to potential growers would be a pamphlet titled "Oregon Blueberry Culture," available at either office. 20 LEONARD C. GETSINGER Leonard C. Getsinger, 61, owner and operator of Lester Cranberry Co. in the town of Cranmoor, Wis- consin, died at St. Joseph's Hospital, Marshfield following a lingering ill- ness. Mr. Getsinger was born Jan. 2, 1911 in Cranmoor, son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Getsinger, and married Laura Favell Nov. 4, 1933 at Win- ona, Minn. He served as school clerk and town supervisor in Cran- moor for several years. He was a member of the local musicians union and the inventor of the Getsinger Tooth Retractor .Cranberry Picker. He was a member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. Survivors include his wife; two sons, Richard, Cranmoor, and Vic- tor, Madison; three daughters, Mrs. Ralph Tritz, Pittsville;Mrs. Richard Schroeder, Wisconsin Rapids, and Mrs. Robert Passineau, Port Ed- wards, and 15 grandchildren. WEST COAST CRANBERRY CROP APPEARS HEAVY West coast cranberry growers are anticipating a bumper cro^ this fall, while a drop in production is pre- dicted for the East coast. J. Wilson Blair, manager of the Ocean Spray plant at Long Beach, Washington re- ports that the fruit set on the pen- insula was very heavy and growing conditions have been good so that prospects are excellent for a big crop. The U.S. Department of Agricul- ture estimated the Washington pro- duction at 150,000 barrels, but Blair said the yield could run as high as 170,000 barrels. The federal estim- ate is three percent above last year. Oregon's production is expected to run at least 90,000 barrels, an in- crease of 31 percent. The nation's crop is expected to drop from 2.6 million barrels in 1971 to 1.04 million this year. Massachusetts is due for a 16 per- cent drop to 900,000 barrels, and New Jersey may be down 32 per- cent. hoooooeooooooeeoooooo^ Cranberry Groovers Realty Dealing EXCLUSIVELY in Massachusetts cranberry acreage and upland. Listings of buyers and sellers welcomed. Tel. 295-9165 CRANBERRY ACREAGE AVAILABLE IN THE TOWNS OF FALMOUTH, MARSTONS MILLS, BOURNE, WAREHAM, MIDDLEBORO & CARVER DOUGLAS R. BEATON 2536 Cranberry Highway Wareham. Mass. 02571 Mass. Real Estate Brokers License #73365 % serving llie WISCONSIN gpowers % :ranberry vines FOR SALE For Delivery in 1973 SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES McFARLIN $300/ton BEN LEARS 750/ton STEVENS 1,000/ton LeMUNYON 1,000/ton PILGRIMS 2,000/ton All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year. o-o-o Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cianberty Properties. Vernon Goldsworthy B.S.&M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521 CORRUGATED CLXVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 ^ AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager LAKESIDE AVENUE LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346 Tel. 947-6324 - 4372 Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING >^^>« WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 How city slickers pick cranberries. Every year, millions of people who donH know a bog from a back forty pick tons of cranberries and never get a blooper. They do it the easy way. They just look for the Ocean Spray label. On cans and bottles and jars. Because to millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries. In stores all over the country, they're picking more cranberries than they ever picked before. In all shapes and forms and com- binations. They don't know as much about cranberries as cranberry growers. But they know about Ocean Spray. And that's good enough for them. l'U-4< ^^4^^uU Massachusetts NeM/ Jersey \A/isconsin Oregon Cl>~— V\/ashingtan Canada CRANBERIilESA.y THE NATIONAL CRANBf[^^V^A<^ZINE VOL- 51 0'^ 72- 1972 CROP REPORT 6 NEW PRODUCTS 14 MASS. FARM BUREAU 18 LIBRARY SERIALS UNIV OF MASS AMHERST MA CIC05 EC -^ BIBEETflBY top cranlieprtf growers -^ Complete Line of Pesticides and Fertilizers Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters, Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. Middleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133 Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends Electricity — icey to progress In industry as well as the home, electricity has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed. NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY PLYMOUTH DIVISION PLYMOUTH, MASS. EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPAAENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The [ CHARLES W.HARRISl Company 451 Old Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass. Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers HALE-MARLOW Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed FARM BUREAU HOLDS 2ND \NNUAL "OPEN HOUSE" Gregory Finn of Westwood had lever seen one at close range al- hough he had spent many summers n Carver with his family. Finn said many people like him- elf had probably driven past them or years but still couldn't make a ;onnection between them and the elly served at Thanksgiving. "People, especially city people, lon't equate food they buy in the upermarket with agriculture, or ;onnect the harvesting of crops and he food in stores," Finn said. So for the second season, the Plymouth County Farm Bureau ponsored "Open House, October 8, n Cranberryland" in Carver, the own reputed to be No. 1 in cran- lerry producing in the world. Finn, information director for he Massachusetts Farm Bureau, had irganized the bog-gazing day to give the public a chance to see a larvest close up." "You might wonder who would /ant to come and look at a cran- lerry bog? Well, you'd be surprised low many people come up to me nd say that they've always wanted 0 do something like this." About 6000 people from all over the state did want to do something like this. Those registering received a bag of cranberries as a reminder of the berry harvest every fall. BLUEBERRY COUNCIL HAS ANNUAL MEETING Toronto was host the eighth an- nual meeting of the North American Blueberry Council at the Royal York Hotel, Nov. 1-3. The council was formed in 1966 and today represents nearly 90 per- cent of the blueberry growers in the United States and Canada. It was organized to promote the in- creased consumption of blueberries, and to coordinate research and communications with the wide- spread industry. The Wednesday, Nov. 1, pro- gram consisted of the registration of members and guests, a meeting of the executive committee, and the president's reception in the evening, followed by an optional dinner at Ed's Warehouse. Thursday, Nov. 2 featured an open meeting to which the public was invited. It consisted of a wel- coming address by T. R. HilHard, deputy minister of agriculture and R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc. Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 food, and the 1972 crop reports for the nine blueberry producing areas of the U.S. and Canada. Then fol- lowing reports by the executive secretary and Ruth Lundgren, pub- Hcity specialist, the delegates heard various research papers. The evening program consisted of the annual banquet at the Royal York, com- plete with entertainment. The Friday, Nov. 3, session was an executive meeting for members only where the election of officers was held and the budget and pro- gram for 1973 approved. PLYMOUTH IRRIGATION DISTRICT INVITES GROWERS TO CALL According to our District records there are approximately 9,285 acres in cranberry production in Ply- mouth County. The U.S. Soil Con- servation Service has been providing technical assistance to growers since 1960, and we now have 5,030 acres under sprinkler irrigation systems, which is 54% of the acreage. Any grower planning to install such a system is invited to call the SCS office to schedule the necessary surveys and designs. WANTED CRANBERRY BOG Must have good water supply Write: Richard Evans Hamilton Ave. Jamestown, R. I. 02835 ;; -♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦*♦♦♦♦♦»><<<<♦♦♦♦ FOR SALE CARLSON WHEEL-OFF RIG $150.00 ; Phone 617-585-4208 ♦ ♦♦♦tMM»Mf ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 1 j^^^eAfftefif', NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMEN'. DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN t5 MINS. ^ • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS W^' DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS _—i4 COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT CONTACT BILL STEARNS LARCHMONT ENGINEERING' 99 WARREN AVENUE LARCHMONT ENGINEERING phil tropeano ' PLYMOUTH. MASS. LEXINGTON, MASS. 746-2610 862-2550 | 2 ! Mass. Cranberrv Slation K Field Notes by IRVIIMG E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Dr. Bert Zuckerman attended a meeting of the European Society of Nematologists and visited various laboratories in England and Scot- land from September 3 to 18, The Hematology meeting was held in Reading, England and Bert was leader of one of the discussion groups. Drs. Zuckerman and Kisiel have a paper pubUshed in Nematologia. The title is "Fine Structure of the Body Wall and Vulva Area of Praty- lenchus Penetrans." Maricet Report The first cranberry market re- port for fresh fruit was released on September 25 from the U.S.D.A. Consumer and Marketing Service under the direction of John O'Neil in Boston. This will be the 19th season that these weekly reports have been prepared for growers and shippers. The reports include cur- rent information on the movement of fresh cranberries by rail and truck, price and terminal market conditions in the leading cities in the United States. Those who wish to continue receiving this report should return the necessary form to Mr. O'Neil. Anyone interested in the report may receive it by writing to the United States Department of Agriculture, Consumer and Market- ing Service, 34 Market St., Room 10, Everett, Mass. 02149, requesting ;that his name be added to the cran- ;!)erry mailing list. Harvest General harvest began about September 16 with some growers siartmg a few days earlier. This is about the same time as last year. Color has been generally poor and slow to develop, but Early Black was finally showing good color by the end of September. This has been another in a series of poor coloring years, probably because of an ex- tremely cold spring and wet grow- ing season. Howes in heavy vines are poorly colored now (Oct. 6). Quality has been unexpectedly good except on areas that were flooded by heavy rains in early September, these areas have wide spread sun scald. The harvesting is behind schedule and Early Blacks are not completely harvested as of October 6. There have been only two general frost warnings as of this date, and none in the month of September which is an infrequent occurrence. The Massachusetts crop is about 20 percent smaller than the record of 1971, probably around the 850,000 barrel mark. Weather September was just sUghtly on the warm side, averaging 0.6 of a degree a day above normal. Maxi- mum temperature was 83° on the 18th and minimum 43° on the 1 1th and 23rd. Warmer than average days occurred on the 1st, 12th, 18th and 27th. Cool periods were the 10th, 20-2 1st, 23-24th and 28th. Continued on Next Page STATION NOTES Continued from Page 3 The unusual aspect of September was the precipitation. We recorded 14.56 inches of rain, not only the largest September precipitation but the largest for any month in our records. This is about 10-3/4 inches above normal. There was measurable rain on only 10 days, but on the 3rd there was 8.89 inches in one storm which is also an all time record for a single storm. We are now about 21 inches above normal for the 9-month period in 1972 and l^Vi inches (over double) ahead of 1971 for the same time. No lack of water for frost protection this year, rather getting rid of water was the problem. Late Fall Management The following suggestions on late fall management are offered to the growers for their consideration. 1) Woody plants such as Jiardhack, meadow sweet and bayberry should be pulled out after harvest, this will greatly improve the picking opera- tion next season, 2) A potato digger can be used in the shore ditches to pull out runners of small bramble, Virginia creeper or morning glory which may be crossing the ditch from shore. 3) Casoron can be ap- plied at the rate of 100 pounds per acre for control of loosestrife, aster, mud rush, needle grass, summer grass, cut grass, nut grass, cotton grass, marsh St. -Johns-Wort, rag- ber 15) preferably just before a rain. It is less likely to harm vines that are healthy and vigorous. 4) This is an excellent time to rake and/or prune the bog, also do not forget the trash flood where water supplies are available. These are very valuable practices that will keep the bog in shape for peak pro- duction next year. 5) Any bog that has not received sand for the past five years or more, should be sanded as soon as possible, preferably this fall or winter. Sanding, pruning and raking should be postponed until next spring on those bogs that do not have water for winter protec- tion because the vines are more sus- ceptible to winter injury following these operations. 6) Areas with fairy rings should be treated with ferbam as recommended in the Insect and Disease Control Chart. 7) The fall casoron treatment followed by an application of kerosene-Stoddard Solvent in the spring is very good for control of blackberry and fresh meadow grass and is quite helpful in controlling running bramble. CRANBERRIES... the only /"^ GROWERf" magazine (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER & SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT EauClaiie.Wis. Escanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. 715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440 Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich. 608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222 II. INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY WHY SMALL BERRIES By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon Some bogs have not been able to develop adequate berry size this year even though early development was average or better. In the past this would have been considered as due to the summer north winds, lack of fertilizer or berry size "always slowing down" in August, Now I'm not so sure. Could the main problem really be bog dryness at critical times in the summer? There can be no argument that a large number of cranberry plant roots are found in the upper inch of bog soil. But percent of vine roots in this critical area is a factor that is vital to consider. Some local bogs are more deeply rooted than others. Thus a greater percentage of roots would be deeper and the vines less susceptible to drying. But other bogs have very shallow rooting with a much larger percentage of roots in the top inch. As a way of com- paring these two situations; rapid soil drying to a half inch could conceivably be much more damag- ing to the shallow bog because greater percentage of roots dry out. What all this means in regard to irrigation management is obvious. Some bogs will require moisture applied almost daily under dry sum- mer conditions while others will probably continue to stand up fairly well under the three or four day irrigation schedule used by many growers. In any event, I feel sure that a close look at irrigation meth- ods as related to percentage depth of rooting will improve berry size and development of future cran- berry crops in Southwestern Ore- gon, CRANBERRY YIELD EQUALS LAST YEAR The Washington Peninsula's 1972 cranberry crop totalled approxi- mately 43,000 barrels, according to the estimate of J. Wilson Blair, manager of the Ocean Spray plant at Long Beach, This is a good average crop, totalling slightly more than last year, but below the record yield that had been anticipated. CRANBERRIES THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB B Issueof October 1972 / Volume 37 - No. 4,^ NEW JERSEY CHALLENGES FARM LABOR REPORT A report on farm labor and housing conditions in three south Jersey counties released by the Puerto Rican Congress of New Jersey has been called faulty, misleading, and biased by the board of directors of the New Jersey Farm Bureau. The report is based on interviews with 72 farm workers on 17 unidentified farms in three south Jersey counties. The Puerto Rican Congress admits that they had no way of knowing whether the 72 workers were representative of the 18,000 seasonal farm workers in New Jersey or not. "This report," said the Farm Bureau directors, "is obviously biased, draws conclusions not justified by facts that are presented; and fails to detail and docu- ment many of the charges that are made. If the in- formation presented in the report is factual for the 72 workers, which we doubt, it is certainly not repre- sentative of the 18,000 workers employed on New Jersey farms." "The farmers of New Jersey highly resent the statement in the introduction to the report, which states that farmers view Puerto Rican workers as beasts of burden. We would like to point out that farmers work as hard as the workers, usually longer hours. They are workers as well as farm owners and have the highest of respect for any person who does his job well on a farm, regardless of his ethnic back- ground." Farm Bureau directors called upon the Puerto Rican Congress to release all details of the report, including names of workers paid less than the mini- mum wage, the farms where they worked, and details of the housing infractions. Spokesmen for the Farm Bureau said, "We can document in detail the wages earned by contract workers. Any report that seeks to show that the contract workers earn less than the non-contract workers is ridiculous." Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 All correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers CRANBERRY PUMP The 1972 cranberry crop is in and indications look as though the Massachusetts crop total will be down somewhat from the original 900,000 barrels forecast; a spectac- ular Wisconsin haul; a reduced New Jersey crop and record crops for the West Coast. According to some observers, the Blacks and Howes quality is good to excellent although some berries suffered from severe frosts during October, with one Massachu- setts Experiment Station observer saying it was the worst October for Massachusetts growers ever. Irving DeMoranville, cranberry extension specialist at the East Wareham facility, said there were 14 frost warnings issued during the month, "by far the worst on re- cord," he said, "but growers were lucky they didn't lose more fruit." He said tropical storm Carrie caused some damage, but it would have been worse if the flooding were more prolonged-there was an increase in wet picking this year because many pickers, who waited as long as they could for dry weather, were forced to flood their bogs in order to take the crop. The figure, for Massachusetts at least, hovers around 35 to 40% of the crop being wet-picked. Fresh fruit is moving very well and it has been learned that many Photos and Story by Bernard A. Marvin, Jr. suppliers may be short by Christ- mas. However, it may be a little too soon to forecast yet. Indications point to a boom Wisconsin crop of 800,000 barrels which is expected to equal the Massachusetts total, and because of some flooding and frosts the New Jersey crop will be down from the 225,000 barrels. Record crops should, according to some, be realized for Washington and Oregon although the latest in- dication was that Washington's yield will remain the same as last year's crop-43,000 barrels. Some things are happening along the 'picking machine front. It has been reported the "Morton Ma- chine" being developed at the Mass- achusetts Experiment Station per- formed rather well this year during a trial picking period on the state bogs. The machine looks promising but still is not ready for wide-spread acceptance by the growing public. Recent tests on other Massachu- setts bogs with the Furford machine look very good as experimenters were hoping to come up with an improved and larger machine that won't damage an entire bog as it travels over it. The Furford is a West Coast dry- picking machine similar to the Western. HERDING BERRIES TO THE PUMP WASHINGTON *4>***********+*****^ 0BE60N NEWJEIISEY • W V ▼ V '* V T Twig Blight Sampling Completed This summer's twig blight sam- pling program has been completed. The last series of samples has re- vealed fungus fruiting body maturity to be 90 percent or more at each of six bogs included in the April to October study. This level of matur- ity would suggest that the summer twig bliglit sporulation season was pretty well over by mid-September. As a resuh of this sampling, it now seems clearer that the critical twig bUght sporulation period lasts about 12 weeks in local bogs. This length of time is an approximate figure for the Bandon area, however, and in- cludes sporulation times of the early, average and late bogs. Individ- ual bogs would be figured to have heavy sporulation only during four to six weeks of this 12 week mid- June to mid-September time span. Now it can only be hoped that this year's more complete fungus con- trol program will greatly reduce the amount of twig blight vine kill showing up in Southwest Oregon bogs next spring. Growers Short Courses Scheduled A series of four cranberry grow- ers' short courses has been scheduled to be held in Bandon. These courses will aim at discussing the more tech- nical aspects of bog weed and fungus control plus will cover fertilizers and cranberry plant growth and nutrition. SpeciaUsts from Oregon State University will lead each short session. More complete details on these courses will be sent to grow- ers next month and well before the first one scheduled for Nov. 15. September was a dry month with temperatures about average. Rain- fall totaled only 2.33 inches, or about 1.46 less than normal. The average temperature was 66.9°which is 0.3'' cooler than normal. It was the third successive month with sub-normal rainfall. Since July 1st there has been a deficiency of almost five inches and there was some anxiety over sufficient water supply for harvest. However, heavy rains of over three inches in the first week of October brought reservoirs up to full capacity. Through September there was an absence of frost which would help to accelerate the color of cranber- ries. The low for the month was 40° on September 23. The high was 91° on September 17. In early October frosts were frequent and coloring improved rapidly. An early heat spell bringing three days of very warm weather for the Labor Day holiday ranged from 83° on the 1st to 92° through the 3rd. The mean high dropped to 64.2° due to the dropping in general tem- perature throughout the remainder of the month. A low of 29° was re- corded for the 27th with a bog low of 23°, a mean low of 40.8° for the month. Total precipitation for Septem- ber was 6.15 inches with a heavy downpour of 2.33 inches measured from 8:00 A.M. on the 20th to 8:00 A.M. on the 2 1st. This amount brought the year's total to 60.70 inches, but left ponds still lacking in good amounts of water for water harvest in the Long Beach area, due to continued sprinkling for frost during several nights. Harvest is under way in the Gray- land and North Beach areas, with much welcome for the dry weather the last week of September. Harvest began on the Long Beach Peninsula Continued on Page 19 NIEMI ELECTRIC CO Wareham, Mass. Electrical Contracting - 295-1880 Insure against electrical failures by obtaining proper design and installation of your electrical equipment and requirements. ROBERT NIEMI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Free Estimates ofeiru^ii^y EARL R. LIPPINCOTT Earl R. Lippincott, Jr., 72, of Chatsworth, New Jersey, died Sept. 14 in Burlington County Memorial Hospital. A native of New Jersey, Mr. Lip- pincott was a former Burlington City policeman and a retired blue- berry farmer. He is survived by his wife. Sue, a son, Arney J., of Tennessee, and two grandchildren. HOWARD E. QUERRY Howard E. Querry, 75, a 20-year resident of Three Lakes, Wisconsin, died recently in Eagle River Memor- ial Hospital. He was born July 3 1 , 1897, in Hillvreth, 111. Mr. Querry owned and operated a cranberry operation in Three Lakes and was secretary of Cran- berry Products, Inc. Survivors include: his widow, Mary Jane; one son. Dr. Howard Querry of Downers Grove, 111.; one sister, Mrs. Clara Q. Boum of Hume, 111.; two grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. MRS. ALMA GEBHARDT ^ Services for Mrs. Alma Gebhardt, 89, philanthropist and widow of Herman Gebhardt, a cranberry grower here, were held October 21 in Black River Falls, Wisconsin. She worked as a statistician for a Milwaukee department store be- fore marrying Mr. Gebhardt in Mil- waukee on June 28, 1923. During her many years in Black River Falls, she made substantial donations to local activities and '^• programs. Her husband died in July of 1954. The couple had no children. Mrs. Gebhardt is survived by nieces and nephews. Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Service P.O. Box 429 Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. Phone 423-4871 Wisconsin Distributor for Casoron® G-4 granules ^/? "^6 '^0 ^/f /fy ^. GASORON DICHLOBENIL WEED & GRASS KILLER A Research Discovery of N.V PHILIPS OUPHAR US. Pat. No. 3,027,248 Can be Obtained from These Reliable Dealers CASORON IS AVAILABLE IN MASSACHUSETTS from F. MORSf & SON West Wareham Tel. 295-1553 CASORON^ IS AVAILABLE IN NEW JERSEY from PARKHURST FARM SUPPLY 301 N. WHITE HORSE PIKE HAAAAAONTON PHONE 609-561-0960 ' ^' im V , - Do unto your weeds as they'll do unto you if you donl. It's the law of the jungle out there: if you don't get the weeds, they're going to get you. And the best way to get them and get them good \s with CASORON. Because CASORON works best on your cranberries when applied now. While the weeds are relaxing after a hard season's work, CASORON sneaks in and makes sure they don't make it to work next spring. It may cost a little more to use CASORON, but it's not going to kill you. It's only going to kill your weeds. So buy now or pay later. Thompson-Hayward Chemical Company, P.O. Box 2383, Kansas City, Kansas 66110 CASORON ^ y c *rg^i>^ Have You Missed These Articles ? Cranberries Magazine's Reader's Service makes available copies of the 9rticles listed below which have appeared in past issues. Order the articles you want to update your library. Please send cash or check with each article requested. ORDER BY NUMBER. TECHNICAL 864 — Casoron and Weed Control in Cranberries $1.25 265 —Evaluation of Newer Fungicides in Massachusetts 1.25 265a —Application of Granular Herbicides 1.25 365 —Fertilizer Requirements of Cranberries 1.25 465 -Encouraging the Bumble Bee in Washington 1.25 565 —Research and Problems in Weed Control in Wisconsin 1.50 865 —New Cranberry Varieties for Processing 1.25 1165 —Observations on the Symptoms and Control of Cranberry Red-Gall Disease 1.25 166 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 266 —Casoron Retention in Cranberry Soils 1.25 666 -Progress Report of Trace Elements Studies on Cranberries 1.25 766 -Objective Measures to Determine Cranberry Yields 1.25 866 -Cranberry Speckling Can be Controlled 1.25 167 —Telephone Frost Warning Device 1.75 167a —Cranberry Ring Spot Disease Injuring Searles Variety 1.25 367 -Cranberry Vine Injury 1.25 467 -Control of Red-Gall in Cranberries 1.25 567 —Miscellaneous Thoughts on Cranberry Insects 1.25 1167 -Cranberry Pollination 1.25 1267 —Frost Forecasting in Bandon, Oregon 1.50 168 -Die Back of Cranberry in Wisconsin 1.25 268 —Control of Fairy Rung Disease 1.25 368 —Cranberry Varieties in Nova Scotia 1.25 368a —Wisconsin Cranberry Research Report 1.25 468 —Nitrogen Fertilization and Cranberries 1.75 868 -Sprinkler Frost Protection 3.00 469 —Chemical Color Enhancement of Cranberry Fruit 1.75 569 -Increasing Yields by Controlling Weeds in Nova Scotia 1.25 GENERAL 536 -Volume 1 -Number 1, Cranberries Magazine (Reprint) 1.00 964 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1964 1.75 1264 —Washington Experiment Station 1.75 965 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1965 1.75 1065 —Our Changing Values in Cranberry Culture 1.50 366 -New Jersey Annual Winter Meeting, 1966 1.75 966 -Annual Meeting of CCCGA, 1966 1.75 1066 -Early History of Massachusetts State Cranberry Bog 1.25 1166 —New Jersey Research Center at Oswego 1.50 1266 -Whitesbog, New Jersey 1.50 567 -Life on a Cranberry Bog Around 1900 1.75 767 —Daniel James Crowely, Sprinkler Pioneer 1.25 867 —Cranberry Growing in Washington 1.50 568 —New Direction in Harvesting Techniques 1.50 668 -New Variety in Nova Scotia 1.50 768 —Massachusetts Experiment Station Demonstration 1.50 768a -History of Cranberry Industry in New Jersey 1.75 868a -ACG A New Jersey Meeting, 1968 1.25 13 MACK TEMPERATURE/POWER MONITOR The Mack Temperature/Power Monitor is an all solid state (except sensor) electronic instrument de- signed to accurately and reliably monitor liquid or air temperature and provide an audible and visual indication of safe or dangerous temperature. A separate, distinguish- able audible and visual indication is provided in the event of power failure. A remote location (optional) provides dual location temperature and power failure surveillance. Tem- perature or power failure at the primary location is signalled at both locations; power failure at the re- mote location is signalled only at the remote location. Temperature/Power Monitor in- corporates rechargeable Nickel- Cadmium batteries and built-in battery charger. This design assures a continued source of power to Christmas creations a la Black Forest, handmade in Hawaii from original, three-dimensional designs to delight the collector. For treasured gifts, choose from over 200 iterris, each hand-painted in gay Christmas colors. Our catalog sent on request -$1.00 deposit refundable ORDERS AIRMAILED WITHIN 48 HOURS OF RECEIPT 4. 4 L E X 4 K D e R CO. 98 Riverside Drive, New York, N. Y. ^SSe* actuate the warning system in the event of a failure of the normal AC power. The warning is provided continuously for up to five (5) hours. EVERGREEN SEEDLINGS NOW AVAILABLE Seedlings grown and distributed by the Washington Department of Natural Resources at the Olympia nursery are ready for purchase well in time for the planting season, Azmi Shawa, county Extension agent, says. Department regulations restrict the use of the trees to forest, wind- break or Christmas tree plantings. The list of available species in- cludes Douglas fir, Noble fir, Shasta Red fir, Ponderosa pine, Scotch pine, Austrian pine, Caragana and Black locust. Douglas fir is by far the most popular tree for west side forest plantings, with Ponderosa pine being its east side counterpart. Other varieties commonly are used for Christmas tree plantings or in wind- breaks. Cost of seedlings varies with age of the seedling and quantity purchased. One thousand two-year old seedlings, nine inches tall, cost $23 or about two cents apiece. Quantities as few as 25 trees some- times are purchased to accommo- date a windbreak combination. The trees must be planted out- side corporate limits and cannot be used for ornamental purposes. Price hsts and order blanks are now available at the County Ex- tension Office located on Pioneer Road, Long Beach, Washington. Trees can be ordered now for sliip- ! ment any time prior to April 15, 1973. First tree shipments started about November 1. For those new to tree planting, a copy of the leaflet "Plant your Trees Right" is available at the Extension Office, as well as other bulletins helpful for proper handling of trees, shearing, and fertilization. 14 ^1 \m- ■TV i '■■"i§ Roy W. Uelner, general manager, AUis-Chalmers Corp. Agricultural Equipment Division, recently completed arrangements for sponsorship of the Agricultural Sales and/or Service Proficiency Awards Program of the National Future Farmers of America (FFA). From left are Donald N. McDowell, executive director, National FFA Foundation sponsoring committee; Raymond E. Dague, manager, customer and dealer affairs Agricultural Equipment Division; Mr, Uelner; and Philip H. Johnson, national vice president, FFA. The annual award program is designed to complement the training provided in the vocational agriculture classroom by making practical application of the academic subjects. ALLIS-CHALMERS SPONSORS FUTURE FARMERS OF AMERICA AWARDS The Agricultural Sales and/or Service proficiency awards program of the National Future Farmers of America (FFA) will be sponsored by the Allis-Chalmers Corp. Agri- cultural Equipment Division begin- ning in 1973. The announcement was made jointly at the recent Wisconsin State FFA Conference. The annual awards program is designed to complement the training provided in the vocational agricul- ture classroom by making practical application of the academic subjects. According to Roy W. Uelner, general manager, Agriculture Equip- ment Division, "Allis-Chalmers wel- comes this opportunity to assist individual FFA members prepare themselves for a sales and service occupation in agri-business. The annual awards program provides individuals with incentive to do the best job in accordance with their performance potential." Mr. Uelner said that he feels that the FFA program is essential since agricultural on-farm trend is towards larger farms with larger machinery and production capa- bility. "The need is to fill the gap between the producing farmer and supporting agri-businessmen who promote their inputs and market their products," Mr. Uelner said. "This FFA program is designed to do just that." FOR SALE 10 WESTERN PICKERS A - 1 Condition Call: OSCAR NORTON 763-5385 15 CRANBERRIES LEND SPARKLE TO HOLIDAY TABLES Parties proliferate from Thanksgiving until New Year's, for at no other time of the year are people so in the mood to let go and enjoy themselves! But, parties are only as good as the idea behind them, the food that is served, and the thoughtfulness of the hostess. What is more appropriate at this holiday season than the idea of featuring bright red cranberries in both the foods you serve, and in your table decorations? The clever table decorations are simply plastic tubes of varying heights, filled with the cheery red berries. The food-a gleaming copper chafing dish filled with piping hot curried turkey, accompanied by a festive, sparkling cranberry chutney salad. Serve with warm hospitality and yours will be a party long remembered. CURRIED TURKEY (Serves 6 to 8) 1/3 cup butter or margarine 1 apple, peeled, cored and chopped 1 large onion, chopped 1/3 cup flour 1 tablespoon curry powdra 2 cubes or envelopes chicken bouillon 2 cups (1 pint) half-and-half 4 cups cooked, diced turkey 1 can (1 pound, 4 ounces) pineapple chunks, drained Salt and pepper In large skillet melt butter and saute apples and onion until onion is tender, about 5 minutes. Stir in flour, curry powder and chicken bouillon. Slowly stir in half-and-half. Cook, stirring con- stantly, until mixture is thickened. Stir in turkey and pineapple. Simmer, stirring occasionally, until hot and bubbly. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Serve with Cranberry Chutney Salad Mold if desired. CRANBERRY CHUTNEY SALAD MOLD (Serves 8) 1 pound (4 cups) Ocean Spray fresh cranberries 2 cups sugar 4 cups water 3 envelopes unflavored gelatin 1 bottle (1 pound, 1 ounce) India mango chutney, chopped 2 cups finely chopped celery 2 cans (11 ounces each) mandarin oranges, drained Combine cranberries, sugar and 2 cups water. Simmer 10 minutes. Mix gelatin and remaining 2 cups water. Stir gelatin mixture into hot cranberries. Chill until sUghtly thickened. Fold in chutney, celery and oranges. Pour mixture into a 2-quart mold. Chill until firm. To unmold, dip mold into lukewarm water for a few seconds, tap to loosen and invert onto platter. Nice garnished with bite-size greens, orange slices and celery curls if desired. 16 INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING By H. F. MccoLLY, Mich. State Univ. and J. w. MARTIN, Univ. of Idaho 553 pages, 6x9, 335 illus., $9.50 Explains the importance of engineering in agriculture and the relationship of agricultural engineering to agricultural science. Both the fundamentals and the practical aspects of these topics are fully treated. The contents of this volume include Agricul- tural Mechanics . . . Farm Power . . . Fa?m Machinery . . . Process- ing Agricultural Products ... Farm Structures and Conveniences . . . Farm-buildings Investment and Economics . . . Soil- and Water-conservation Engineering . . . Soil Erosion Control . . . and many other vital topics. IRRIGATED SOILS, 2nd ED. Their Fertility and IVIanagement By D. w. THORNE and H. b. Peterson Both of Utah State Agr. College 392 pages, 78 illus., 64 tables, $9.50 Here is an outstanding text which pioneered in presenting irrigation in relation to other soil management practices. Since the publication of the first edition, research has shown that maximum yields from irrigation are dependent on the proper balance of such factors as fertility, plant population, plant characteristics, and crop rotations. Just a sample of the contents oi this guide, includes the salt problem, measuring irrigation water, maintaining organic matter, fertilizer elements, sources and quality of irrigation water. DISEASES OF FRUIT CROPS By HARRY WARREN ANDERSON Formerly of Univ. of Illinois 501pages, 6x9, $13.75 For research workers, teachers, and practicing horticulturists, this book provides detailed information on the diseases of cultivated fruit crops in the temperate zone, both in America and in foreign countries, with the exception of citrus and sub- tropical fruits. For each disease the history, geographic distri- bution, symptoms, causal organism, hosts, morphology of the pathogen, disease cycle, and control, and selected reference sources are given. Diseases are presented in the order of their importance. Agricultural Engineering Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology WEED CONTROL, 3rd ED. By ALDEN s. CRAFTS, Univ. of California and WILFRED w. robbins, formerly of Univ. of California 671 pages, 6 x 9, 171 illus., $15.50 Based on a physiological approach, this text and mandal poses the problem of weeds in agricultural production, describes some of our most serious weed pests, introduces the principles of modern weed control, and tabulates present day chemical meth- ods. It classifies weed control methods on the basis of their mechanisms rather than upon the crops to be treated. This guide also includes recent innovations in chemicalized control and reviews current literature in the field. Contents include biological control of weeds, herbicides -selective and non-selective, tillage methods of weed control, special weed problems, and scores of other subjects. SIMALL FRUIT CULTURE, 3rd ED. By JAMES s. shoemaker, Univ. of Fla. 433 pages, 6 x 9, 64 illus., $10.50 Covers the culture of grapes, strawberries, bramble-fruits, cur- rants and gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries. The author discusses culture problems for each region. Everything you need to know is included for each type of fruit: brief history, list and description of leading varieties, propagation methods, and all other cultural instructions. This comprehensive guide also gives you valuable instructions and suggestions for harvesting and handling your crop. Throughout, the author emphasizes the practical applications of digging, planting, spraying, and other field work. NATURE AND PREVENTION OF PLANT DISEASES, 2nd ED. By K. STARR CHESTER, Alton Box Board Co. 525 pages, 224 illus., $11.50 This useful guide presents a thorough study of plant diseases oriented to the needs of agriculture. Extensive revisions of seed treatment and spraying and dusting of fruits and vegetables are included in this second edition. You'll also find complete cover- age of the latest developments in disease control practices, including the slurry, pelleting, and vapor-heat methods of seed treatment. You'll also review the latest advances in non-metallic organic fungicides,, and innovations in methods of spraying and dusting. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2nd ED. By JOHN c. WALiiER, Univ. of iVis. 707 pages, 6 x 9, 194 illus., $13.50 Here is a basic introduction to the field of plant patholoa>' written by an authority in the field. Its contents include a history of plant pathology, nonparasitic diseases . . . bacterial diseases . . . virus diseases . . . relation of environment to disease development . . . disease control through exclusion and eradication . . . diseases incited by phycomycetes, fungi imperfecti, asomycetes, basidio- mycetes, phanerogamic parasites, nematodes, plasmodiophorales . . . disease control through protection and through host resist- ance. Special coverage of causal organisms of fungus diseases is provided. Order From CRANBERRIES MAGAZINE P.O. Box J, Kingston, 02364 17 ,..,»»*"«J^P'^J^'^<«'^__~»*«|"-T»»>^*«.?«»-S?'^^^ ^••'••>«^'^fn»J*f«SP*^t^"^%^ massachusetts FARM BUREAU FEDERATION *1iAtW*«w.<1*4.»«1UI/W«*» I- ♦♦♦»♦> I ■H">-l' ■!■♦♦♦♦♦ NOVA SCOTIA Each year the British Columbia Department of Agriculture publishes an excellent summary of conditions and crop prospects for all major crops in their pubUcation entitled Horticultural Newsletter. Under cranberries, they stated that har- vest was expected to begin Septem- ber 20 and they estimate the crop at 10,200,000 lb. which is slightly below the 1971 crop of 10,365,000 lb. The mean temperature for the month of September was 58.7° at Kentville which is close to the 50- year average of 57.8°. R. A. Murray, Small Fruit Spe- cialist with the Nova Scotia De- partment of Agriculture is working in conjunction with local growers on an exhibit depicting cranberry growing in Nova Scotia and cran- berry products. This will be seen at the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax from October 28 to November 4. WISCONSIN ************** I ********* Partly cloudy skies and periods of rain continued through much of the week of September 4. Rains were heaviest in the northwest where weekly totals in excess of an inch were reported in Rusk and Barron counties. In contrast, no rain of consequence fell from the LaCrosse area eastward to Lake Winnebago. Heavy thundershowers developed as the period ended in southwestern Wisconsin and moved across the southern tier of counties early in the week. Temperatures averaged near nor- mal during the week of September 18. Extremes ranged between highs in the 80's on the 20th and lows, around freezing on the 22nd. Weyer- hauser with 26 degrees and Breed with 27 were among the coldest re- porting stations. Rainfall continued heavy across much of the state with severe thunderstorms in some areas on the 18th and Wednesday the 20th. Another heavy rain system entered the state on the 25th as the period ended. September 25, 26 and 28 brought additional heavy rains to the already waterlogged soils in Wisconsin. Least rain fell in the extreme northwest and southeast counties. Heaviest rains during the week fell over a wide area centered along a line from LaCrosse to Wausau and beyond where weekly totals in excess of four inches were common. Some overflow occurred of the Trem- pealeau, Black, Kickapoo, and Pine Rivers while the Wisconsin was run- ning bank full. Cooler than normal temperatures prevailed in most sec- tions of the state. A cold front on the 28th brought clearing skies for the weekend. Light frost occurred again in most areas on the morning of September 30. WATERSHEDS A meeting of all cranberry grow- ers within the Weweantic River Watershed was held in Carver, Mass., on November 10. The purpose was to review the Reconnaissance Report and to consider the organization of a Watershed District. The result was to place the watershed project ap- plication in an inactive status until more interest develops. FIRST THANKSGIVING Oh Lord, that I Might bake a pie Without deserving scorn Or roast a turkey brown Or cook his squash on my first try As tender as his frown when I Burn breakfast toast each morn Still sleepy in my flannel gown. Dear Lord, the fruit of Thy ripe vine I snatched in haste and it was mine By others planted— they deserve Thy juicy berry's subtle curve By some divine sweet inspiration Some day perhaps I'll can my ration But budding cooks must not be dreamers This one is satisfied to steam hers. BARBARA A. PEYSER Western Pickers Sales, Parts and Repairs Authorized Agent - ORDER NOW - J. E. BRALEY & SON MACHINE SHOP 78 Gibbs Ave. Wareham. Mass. HAVE YOUR REPAIRS DONE NOW 19 STONE CONVEYOR, INC. ANNOUNCES ITS NEW SANITARY CONVEYOR Stone Conveyor, Inc., Honeoye, N. Y. 14771, is introducing a sani- tary food handling conveyor with a troughed white neoprene belt. Open stainless steel bed design minimizes accumulation and is easily cleaned. Offered in modular, bolt-together sections with interchangeable termi- nals. Troughing transition and return rolls turn on mechanical plastic bUnd bore bearings with stub shafts preventing entry of contaminents. Offered as standard in-belt widths of 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches. Also available in painted carbon steel at lower cost. Prices for 10-foot-long complete stainless models start at $790 with motor. EXPANDED LABEL ON SEVIMOL A liquid suspension of Sevin carbaryl insecticide in molasses, called Sevimol, has been granted clearance for insect control on eight additional crops. Sevimol can now be used to control some 50 insects on potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, cranberries, alfalfa, sorghums, and sugar betts, in addi- tion to the previously cleared cotton, soybeans, tobacco, corn and beans. Union Carbide, manufacturers of Sevimol, also report the material will control grasshoppers on vege- table, field, and forage crops. Sevi- mol can be applied in water through sprayers, mist blowers, and aircraft equipment. Reduce Hazards' Follow this Rinse and Drain Procedure lor Pesnaide containers The National Agricultural Chemicals Association rec- ommends this quicl<. easy procedure for draining and rinsing all single trip con- Empty < spray tanl< Then drain for 30 seconds. Rinse container thoroughly, pour into tank, and drain 30 sec other dilutent) so is 1/4 to 1/5 For example, one 1 in a one-gallon Crush pesticide container immediately Sell as scrap lor recycling or bury. Do not reuse. CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | Ken Beaton - 295-2207 The Crisafulli Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Special t7,ing in: TREATED ACREAGE • DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. •COMPLETE BOG •WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT •WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR •SANDING •AUXILIARY UNIT •HARVESTING The Crisafulli is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NETTING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. •WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. CRANBERRY MARKETING By David Keir County Extension Agent, Oregon Grocery stores across the United States should have cranberries avail- able at produce counters from now through the holidays. The nation- wide fresh cranberry marketing sea- son traditionally runs from Septem- ber to January with the peak of the season coming in November. Cranberries are normally pack- aged in one-pound poly-bag contain- ers for fresh berry sales in stores. A master container or fiberboard car- ton holds 24 of these packages and is used for transport from shipping points. The packaged cranberries wUl keep well under refrigeration for a period of four to eight weeks at temperatures of 36-40 degrees P. Moreover, don't forget that cran- berries can easily be frozen and kept over into that part of the year when fresh berries are no longer available. Nutritionally, cranberries are re- commended by many doctors for treatment of some kidney problems and arthritis. The berries contain good amounts of vitamins A and C plus they also contain iron and some of the B complex vitamins. For dieters, there are only 218 calories per pound of fresh cranberries. There seems little doubt that cran- berries not only add to holiday meals but also provide heahhful, wholesome food or juice for the entire year. SCARES BIRDS AWAY! • Harmless explosions. • Automatic 2-week timer. • Non-electric. Burns clean propane. ZON Dealerships Available Warehouses — S.F., Baltimore, Houston B. M. Lawrence & Co. • (415) 981-3650 351 California St.. San Francisco,Ca.94104 20 % serving llie WISCONSIN groweps % CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE For Delivery in 1973 SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES McFARLIN $300/ton BEN LEAKS 750/ton STEVENS 1,000/toii LeMUNYON 1,000/ton PILGRIMS 2,000/ton All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year. o-o-o Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Cranberry Properties. Vernon Goldsworthy B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521 CORRUGATED CLXVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager LAKESIDE AVENUE LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346 Tel. 947-6324 - 4372 Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING please Mention hce^^^l CR^^l'^r*^-'-"'"'* When You Answer WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 At the rate we're going, your grandson You really got to be something to have a bowl named after you. You got to have universal appeal. You take your orange, for example... or your rose... or even your cotton. Very popular types. Your kumquat, on the other hand, will never make it. Nor will your mushroom. But your cranberry might. And it won't be an accident. Right now at Ocean Spray a lot of bowl fans are working their left ends off to make it go. They do it by thinking up millions of new may play in the Cranberry Bowl. things to do with your cranber- ries so that more people will use them, so that more people will love them, so that finally, in an impetuous act of loyalty, there will spring up in Hanson, Massachusetts, a colossal arena where each year the CRANBERRY BOWL will be played. Just stick with Ocean Spray. Not fw only will you make a nice buck on your berries but when Bowl time comes think of your cut of the ticket sales and TV rights. Massachusetts ^ New/ Jersey \A/isconsin ^'^^ Oregon \A/ashington ^^C^b Canada [15 IE CRANBERRIES THE NATIONAL CRANBERRY MAGAZINE m NOVEMBER 1972 LIBRARY S E R i A !. S tl' U N ! V OF MASS A M K E R Z T M A Q I 0 ^ 3 NEW CRANBERRY HARVESTER 6 INTENSIFYING CRANBERRY FLAVOR 13 MASS. FARM BUREAU 18 -^ DIBECTDBY lop cranlierpy gpowcps -^ Complete Line of Pesficides and Ferfiiizers Helicopter Application By "Whitey" of Plymouth Copters. Inc. HARRY T. FISHER, JR. Agric. Chemical Representative Purchase St. AAiddleboro, Mass. Telephone 947-2133 Cranberries Advertising Pays Big Dividends Electricity — l(ey to progress In industry as well as fhe home, electricify has been a vital key to progress. It is now and will continue to be in the future, readily available wherever and whenever it is needed. NEW BEDFORD GAS AND EDISON LIGHT COMPANY EQUIPMENT HAYDEN - SEPARATOR - WAREHAM, MASS. Irrigation Systems PUMPS SEPARATORS - BLOWERS SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT DARLINGTON PICKING MACHINES ^ «s»s«s#v*^^s«sr«^ PLYMOUTH DIVISION PLYMOUTH, MASS. The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOUND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The i CHARLES W.HARRISi Company | 451 Old Somerset Avenue || North Dighton, Mass ^ Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers HALE-MARLOW Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed 1972 BERRY QUALITY REPORTED TO BE GOOD IN OREGON The harvest of this year's cran- berry crop in Southwestern Oregon was in full swing by mid-October. Although first berry deliveries were made to the Bandon receiving plant on October 2, quite a few growers delayed picking until the middle of October. A number of bogs have been coming up to pre-harvest yield esti- mate and to date, results of the cranberry harvest have been encour- aging. Two factors riake it especially so. First of all, color has developed fairly well. Even many of the berries picked early in October showed good color. Cranberries are rated on the deepness of their red color, but usually the first berries har- vested are too light to bring pre- mium prices. This color factor often leads to picking delays on bogs where berry redness has not be- come well developed. Since our cranberries are protected from freez- ing by sprinklers and so remain sound on the bog for several weeks even though ripe, a delay in harvest of a week or more while color de- velops to premium quality is a com- mon occurrence. A second factor that looks to make 1972 a good year for Oregon cranberries is overall berry quality. Berries are firm and well developed plus very few catfaced or mis-shapen berries have shown up. About the only disappointment has been berry size. On too many bogs the berries have been small. Yet some bogs show good berry size. With fertilizer practices being improved so much over the past couple of years, grow- ers are going to have to pay more attention to better timing of irriga- tions in order to get larger berry size next year. Dormant Buds Better For some reason the condition of this year's dormant cranberry buds is much improved. By this time last year a disturbingly large number of buds were showing dam- age in the form of blackening or browning of parts of the tender interior tissue. Moreover, by Sep- tember 1971, it was possible to find a cyclamen mite here and there in bud tissue. This year much less damage is showing up and to date, not one single mite has been located. No reason for this improvement is R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc. Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 apparent. The same bogs are being sampled this year that were sampled a year ago. Let us hope this im- proved bud condition will continue as additional samples are taken throughout the dormant bud period. Washington Dry, Too To mid-October it had remained dry in the Oregon cranberry grow- ing areas and for many growers there was a definite shortage of harvest water. This is apparently a dry year in Washington bogs too. A recent letter from Azmi Shawa reveals that the Long Beach harvest has been slowed by lack of water. In contrast, many Grayland growers are happy with the clear, dry weather as it does, of course, speed up dry picking. Where bogs have to be flooded for picking, however, there is little that can be done to prevent harvest from being slowed until more rain comes. -^ V-"^"' ^^^r '^^»_.. --.;#. -»»»^<^.».»^^.»#V»S»#V»'#^'»»^^»^<^»'#>»» •^ ' WANTED OC3 WIDE TRACK TRACTOR CARLSON MFG. KINGSTON, MASS. f^»^^****-»* »^.»^^^^^#»»»^*^***^*»' ♦-K*. WANTED CRANBERRY BOG Must have good water supply Write: Richard Evans Hamilton Ave. Jamestown R. I. 028J5 ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦>♦»♦♦♦»♦ NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMEN' DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS 1^^^" SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING ^ 'i^jMm^tm ii 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 2 LARCHMONT ENGINEERING CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING PHIL TROPEANO LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 Mass. Cranberry Station i Field Notes by IRVING E. DEMORANVILLE extension cranberry specialist Personals Dr. Robert Devlin attended a meeting at the State University College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, N. Y., October 18-20. The meeting was about the chemistry and biochem- istry of plant hormones. The Technical Committee Meet- ing of NE-64 was held at the Cran- berry Station on October 24-25. This is a regional research project on plant parasitic nematodes. Dr. Bert Zuckerman was host and presi- dent of the group. Harvest and Frost The Massachusetts cranberry har- vest was about 95 percent complete by the end of October. This was one of the worst harvest seasons, as far as weather conditions, that we have ever experienced. Color was poor and slow to develop which held up any general harvest until the middle of September or later. Then, after about 3 days of picking, we had four wet days in succession plus a couple of other showery days during the next week, and Septem- ber was over with not much har- vested. The only good occurrence was that there were no frost warn- ings in September, However, Octo- ber changed things with a warning on the 1st and many more before the month was over. There were 14 days with frost warnings issued during October. Add to this another eight days with rain and any dry harvesting weather was hard to come by. We sent out a total of 25 general warnings during the fall, all in Octo- ber. This compares with only seven in 1971, 20 in 1970, 26 in 1969 and 12 in 1968. Our records indi- cate that there were more days with warnings in October than any year since 1956. The author would again like to express his appreciation to Prof. Bill Tomlinson for his very able work and judgment in calculating and formulating the frost warnings. We are also indebted to the National Weather Service (Weather Bureau), our cooperative weather observing telephone distributors, the six radio stations and the Cape Cod Cran- berry Growers Association. Crop Estimate The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service for October in- dicates the Massachusetts crop at 900,000 barrels, unchanged from the August estimate; however, we have the impression that this is on the high side and that 800,000 bar- rels may be closer to reality. For the other states. New Jersey was 160,000 barrels-unchanged, Wis- consin 800,000 barrels-up 60,000 barrels, Washington 160,000 bar- rels—up 10,000 barrels and Oregon 90,000-unchanged. Weather October was a very cold month, averaging 4.6 degrees a day below normal. This is the second coldest October in our records, exceeded Continued on Next Page DIV. NORTH CARVER PINE CORP. 52 FULLER STREET MIDDLEBORO, MASS. 02346 SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND'S MOST MODERN SAW MILL Purchasing white pine timber standing or cut logs. Call us, and we'll be glad to talk it over with you. Mill location Route 44, Mlddleboro-Carver Town Line. WUlard A. Rhodes MAIN OFHCE 947-1503 President Off. Hours 8:30 AM. - 2:30 P.M. STATION NOTES Continued from Page 3 only by October 1940. Maximum temperature was 72° on the 6th and minimum 24° on the 21st. Warmer than normal days occurred only from the 3rd to the 6th. Colder than normal periods were the 1st, 9-lOth, 13th, 16th, 18-22nd, 25- 26th, 30-3 1st. Rainfall totalled 3.32 inches, just slightly below average. There were 10 days with measurable precipitation with 0.91 inch on the 19th as the largest storm. There was 1/2 inch of snow recorded on the 19th; the earliest ever for us. We are now about 20-3/4 inches above normal for 1972 to date and over 29 1/2 inches ahead of 1971. ■it NEWS -»- -•- -♦- -•- -•- .•- -•- .♦- -♦- -»- -•- -•- -•- -•- -♦- -•- -•- -•- -•- -•- -•- -♦- A V V •*• V V V W V V V V V V V V V V V V "i" ■!■ 'i NEW JERSEY obiruARy LEO PIETSCH Leo Pietsch, 63, died suddenly November 12, in Ilwaco, Washing- ton. He was born February 26, 1909 in Germany, and was married to Marcella Johnson, in 1932. They estabUshed their home in Salem, Oregon. During World War II, Mr. Pietsch worked in the shipyards at Van- couver, and in 1948 came to Ocean Park to make his home. He worked in the logging industry for Penttila's Logging Co., and more recently had owned and operated a cranberry bog on Cranberry Lake drive. Survivors include his widow, Marcella, Long Beach, and several nieces and nephews in Germany. Funeral services were held in the chapel of Penttila's Chapel by the Sea, with the Rev. Thomas W. Heald officiating. Committal was in the Lone Fir Cemetery. It was the coldest October in the forty-four years of weather-record- ing history at the Cranberry and Blueberry Laboratory in New Lis- bon. The average temperature was 5 1.3° which is 5 degrees colder than normal and 0.9 degrees colder than the previous record month of Oct- ober, 1929. Incidentally, last year it was the warmest October on record with an average temperature of 62.5°. This shows how variable weather in New Jersey can be. Frost calls were much more fre- quent than normal for this period of the year. There were seventeen nights on which warnings for below freezing temperatures were issued. Several times cranberry bog mini- mums were in the low twenties. Temperatures below 20 were re- corded on the mornings of October 10, 20 and 21st. The lowest reading at the representative bog at Whites- bog was 16° on October 21st. At the weather station at New Lisbon the weather shelter reading of 20° on October 21 was the lowest tem- perature ever recorded in October. The 34° on the 2nd and the 29° on the 10th were records for these dates. Another unusual feature of Oct- ober weather was the heavy pre- cipitation and early snow. A total of 6.29 inches of rain, 3.21 inches above normal, occurred. This made it the third rainiest October, sur- passed only by the record of 6.84 inches in 1935 and the 6.46 inches in 1943. October 19 there was a trace of snow mixed with rain. This was the earliest record of snow at the New Lisbon station. Rainfall for 1972 from January through October now stands at 40.57 inches, about four inches above normal and only about 2-1/2 inches less than the normal annual precipita- tion. mi SCOTIA The month of October was cold and dull. The mean for the month was 45.4° as against the 50-year average of 50.7°. Total number of hours of sunshine was 1 1 1.5 as com- pared with 138 for the 50-year average. Growers had miserable weather for harvesting berries, but it is be- lieved that harvesting is complete. The color of the berries was good and Mr. R. A. Murray of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing estimates that our Continued on Page 20 ©i^siiK mum. ^ri^g^uc^i^uHte^. (Wisconsin-Michigan Growers) ALUMINUM HEADGATES FABRICATED TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS HAND WHEEL OPERATED GATES ALUMINUM CORRUGATED PIPE INTERNATIONAL POWER UNITS INTERNATIONAL CRAWLER TRACTORS WARNER a SWASEY EXCAVATORS WALDON LOADERS AND USED EQUIPMENT Eau Claire, Wis. tscanaba, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. 715-835-5157 906-786-6920 414-461-5440 Madison, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Ironwood, Mich. 608-222-4151 414-435-6639 906-932-0222 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY II CRAl^^BERRIES THE NA TIONAL CRANBERR Y MA GAZINE - Our 35th Year of Publication - publisher I. STANLEY COBB fl Issue of November 1972 / Volume 37 - No.^ INFLATION STARTS WHERE? Let's take a look at the "soaring cost of food" in America. Maybe we can find some facts among the statistics: In 1930, the consumer spent 24 percent of his income on food. In 1960, the consumer spent 20 percent of his income on food. In 1972, the consumer spends 16.3 percent of his income on food. Food prices are rising, no question about that, but what causes the increase in price? In 1952, the farmer received 49^ of each dollar spent on food. Today, the farmer receives 3Si of each dollar spent on food. Wages are rising, too— on an average of 6 percent each year for the past twenty years (before "the freeze"). In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2 lbs. of bacon . . . today, an hour's labor buys 4.5 lbs. of bacon. In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2.2 doz. oranges . . . today, an hour's labor buys 3.8 doz. oranges. In 1939, an hour's labor bought 2 doz. eggs . . . today, an hour's labor buys 6.7 doz. eggs. In 1939, an hour's labor bought 5.1 qts. of milk . . . today, an hour's labor buys 10.6 qts. of milk. In 1939, an hour's labor bought 25.1 lbs. potatoes . . . today, an hour's labor buys 41.5 lbs. potatoes. Is the farmer's income rising? During the years when income for labor rose a total of 130 percent, farmers' prices for food products rose a total of 6 percent! But still we hear the way to curb the rise in food prices is to put a ceiling on the price of food at the I farm. That's about the equivalent of cutting off your 1 toes to prevent dandruff— it's the wrong remedy, applied at the wrong location. —Massachusetts Farm Bureau Report Office: R-55 Summer Street, Kingston, Massachusetts 02364, Post Office Box J. Telephone (617) 585-3604 AH correspondence and advertising should be sent to Box J, Kingston. ^■■^.^■^^■^■^■^■^■^^^■^■^■^•^■^^^■^■^^^■^■^■^•^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^■^^^'^ advisors - correspondents Nova Scotia I. V. HALL Botanist, Research Station Kentville, Nova Scotia Massachusetts DR. CHESTER E. CROSS Director, iVlass. Cranberry Experiment Station IRVING DeMORANVILLE Extension Cranberry Specialist IVlass. Cranberry Experiment Station New Jersey PHILIP E. MARUCCI Research Professor in Entomology Extension Specialist in Cranberries and Blueberries Official Cooperative Weather Bureau Observer Oregon DAVID KEIR County Extension Agent Coquille, Oregon Washington AZMI Y. SHAWA Assistant Horticulturist and Extension Agent in Horticulture Long Beach, Washington Wisconsin VERNON GOLDSWORTHY Eagle River, Wisconsin CRANBERRIES is published once a month by Pilgrim Publishers at R-55 Summer Street (P.O. Box J) Kingston, Massachusetts. Second Class postage paid at Plymouth, Massachusetts Post Office. Price is 50^ per copy, $5.00 a year in U.S., $6.00 in Canada; all other countries $8.00 a year. Foreign remittances must equal U.S. funds. Copyright 1972 by Pilgrim Publishers i DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CRANBERRY HARVESTER by John S. Norton Associate Professor University of Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Cranberry Station East Wareham, Mass. The following was presented in the form of a paper at the 1972 Winter Meeting of the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS and is presented here by permission of the author and Society Presented at Conrad Hilton Chicago, Illinois December 11-15, 1972 SUMMARY Field losses and bruising caused by the mechanical cranberry harvesters introduced about 1950 have always been excessive. A new harvester, designed to reduce both problems as well as to increase harvesting rates has reached the proto-type stage and is described herein. Fig, 1. (left photo) Harvest crew scooping cranberries by hand. Fig. 2. (right photo) Close-up view of hand-scooping. Fig. 3. (left photo) Harvest crew using mechanical pickers. Note worker with wheelbarrow. Empty field-boxes were distributed onto cranberry bog and filled boxes removed from bog by wheelbarrow until about 1965, when powered wagons came into extensive use. Fig, 4. (right photo) Picker most commonly used in Massachusetts. Harvesting berries on a flooded bog (water- picking). The berries are knocked off the vines by the cross bars on the rotating reel. Water is then raised to float the berries above vines and grass. The rectangular float per- mits operation of the machine close to ditches. K. M RH w^^H^M Booming floating cran- berries to shore. Berries are surrounded by string of planks and moved to a convenient loading point. Fig. 7. Loading cranberries into truck from flooded bog. Continued on Page 16 Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Service P.O. Box 429 Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. Phone 423-4871 Wisconsin Distributor for Casoron® G-4 granules NEW OLIVER TRACTOR White Farm Equipment Com- pany's new Oliver 1465 is a versatile 70 PTO hp yard and field handy- man delivering all-around utility performance in a horsepower range normally reserved for limited duty equipment. Powered by a rugged 278 cu. in. »'».*^r^<^v»^>»^s»^.».#^'****J xtpm CRANBERRIES Cranberry booth set up by Mr. R. A. Murray of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Marketing for the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax, Oct. 23 to Nov. 4. L. to r: R. A. Murray, G. Boutilier and I. V. Hall. NOW IS THE imi TO ¥\Rt^ UP YOUR PCA LINE OF CREDIT A visit to your PGA OFFICE may well be the most profitable move you make all year! Production Credit Associations ANTIGO MEDFORD WAUSAU TOMAH MARSHFIELD STEVENS POINT BLACK RIVER FALLS Intermediate Term Loans for Productive Purposes l\/lade To Responsible Farmers 19 NEW JERSEY Continued from Page 4 production was in the vicinity of 200,000 lb. A booth showing centres of cran- berry production in Nova Scotia was set up by Bob Murray at the At- lantic Winter Fair in Halifax and many favorable comments were re- ceived. ♦ »<"l4-i-M"H"H"HM!.!"!..H.4.<.4^4- WASHINGTON The Cranberry Vine was mailed around the 1st of November. Har- vest in the Washington bogs went smoothly for Grayland and North Beach, where dry picking is done, with an abundance of dry weather. The Long Beach area is still strug- gling to get the last of the crop in, with most growers completed, but lack of water prolonged the normal period. Several had to allow days between harvest days, to have suf- ficient water for flood harvest. Total precipitation for October was 1.97 inches, with the greatest of .58 coming on the 28th. Despite the normal September rainfall, the previous amount and the October low made water harvest a struggle, and several frost nights meant sprinkling, further lowering the water supply. The high temperature of 82° came on the 8th, with a low of 29° for the 30th and a bog low of 22°. Below 32° bog temperatures were registered on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, 24th, 29th, 30th, and 31st. Warm days and cool nights brought good color, but the water shortage all during the growing season per- haps was the cause of generally smaller berries. Tisconsin' For the week of October 1st, temperatures averaged near normal. Mild weather early in the week was balanced by cooler than normal conditions during the latter half. Extremes ranged between the upper 70's in the southwest on October 2 and the 20's late in the period, October 8 and the following morn- ing. The cranberry harvest moved along good as wet weather was not CRANBERRY GROWERS SERVICE, INC. 1 Little Harbor Road, Wareham, Mass. 02571 | Ken Beaton - 295-2207 The CrisafuUi Pump Service • DRAINAGE ON PESTICIDE Specializing in: TREATED ACREAGE •DITCHING • BOG FLOW & DRAINAGE •WATERHOLE CONST. •COMPLETE BOG •WATERHOLE FILLING MANAGEMENT •WATER HARVEST • FLUME REPAIR •SANDING • AUXILIARY UNIT •HARVESTING The CrisafuUi is the new pump for drainage or irrigation. The (Wet and Dry) pump unit can be hitched to • NEITING a farm tractor or any other vehicle with power take-off. •WEED CLIPPING Butyl rubber discharge, 2" to 24". 150 to 24,000 gallons per minute. a factor in that regard. Although parts of southern and eastern Wis- consin had the lightest rainfall in a long time during the first week in October, soil moisture continued to be surplus in most of the state and water levels were high. Farmers had a lot of time to catch up on their wet weather jobs. Cold and dry weather was the rule across the state up to the 20rh when clouds and rain moved in from the west. More substantial rains followed on the 22nd with weekly rainfall totals approaching three inches in many southern countjes. Several inches of wet snow fell along the northwestern fringe of the rain system on the 22nd. A hard freeze around mid-week saw the mercury drop into the teens over much of the state. Black River . Falls, with 6° on the 19th, was the coldest among the regular reporting stations. The week of October 29 was mostly cloudy and wet. Heavy rain and some snow fell over the north half after mid-week, with light to moderate rain in the south half. Rainfall amounts ranged from a half inch in the extreme south to two inches along the upper Michigan border. Temperatures during the week averaged close to normal, ranging between the low 30's and low 50's. The removal of excess soil moisture by evaporation continued very slow during the cloudy and cool weather. B. M. Lawrence 351 California St. Harmless explosio Automatic 2-week Non-electric. Burns ciean Dealerships Available Warehouses — S.F., Baltimore, Houst6n & Co. '(415) 981-3650 San Francisco. Ca. 94104 20 % serying llie WISCOHSIH growers % CRANBERRY VINES FOR SALE For Delivery in 1973 SEARLES, JUMBO, HOWES McFARLIN $300/ton BEN LEARS 750/ton STEVENS 1,000/ton LeMUNYON 1,000/ton PILGRIMS 2,000/ton All prices F.O.B. Wisconsin I will give a 10% discount on any orders placed for vines next year. o-o-o Interested in purchasing Wis- consin Ganberry Properties. Vernon Goldsworthy B.S. & M.S. University of Wisconsin Cranberry Consultant Fees Reasonable Eagle River, Wis. 54521 CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE and FLOW GATES Aluminum — Galvenizcd Asphalt Coated Felker Bros. Mfg. Co. MARSHFIELD WISCONSIN Area 715 384-3121 AGWAY COMPLETE BUILDING SERVICE GENERAL PURPOSE BUILDINGS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AGWAY COMMERCIAL SALES Robert Broadbent, Sales Manager LAKESIDE AVENUE LAKEVILLE, MASS. 02346 Tel. 947-6324 - 4372 Use Agway's Telmark Financing Service Financing or Leasing Agway Erected Buildings WRITE OR CALL FOR INFORMATION AND PRICING ^,r^VYou Answer Ao WISCONSIN HEADQUARTERS FOR INSECTICIDES • FUNGICIDES HERBICIDES DUSTS • WETTABLE POWDERS • EMULSIONS SEVIN • PARATHION • GUTHION CAPTAN • FERBAM • COPPER SULFATE DITHANE M-22 (MANEB) • DIFOLATAN PRINCEP • MOR-CRAN • DIQUAT • 2,4-D Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. p. 0. BOX 584 MADISON, WISCONSIN 53701 Phone: Area Code 608-222-0624 i^^^ A lot of people wouldn^t kno\ what these were if we didn^t pu an Ocean Spray label on them. You know how most people buy cranberries these days? In cans and bottles and jars* Jellied and frozen and squeezed. Many of them wouldn't recognize a whole, fresh cran- berry if they saw one. So how do they know what to buy? They look for the Ocean Spray label. To millions of people, Ocean Spray means cranberries. They're buying more cranberry products than ever. Many they never heard of a couple of years ago. But they know the name. And they know what it stands for. You don't get a reputation like that overnight. Ocean spray, / /^"Y <'^^'^^^ Massachusetts Ne\A/ Jersey Wisconsin Oregon ?\A/ashington ^^,^,^^ Canada Vn' -2-1 ll ' The National Bank of Wareham Conveniently located for Cranberry Men FUNDS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR SOLfND LOANS COMPLETE BANKING SERVICE Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation The tCHARLES W.HARRIS: Company 451 Old Somerset Avenue North Dighton, Mass Phone 824-5607 AMES Irrigation Systems RAIN BIRD Sprinklers HALE-MARLOW Pumps Highest Quality Products with Satisfaction Guaranteed CRANBERRY BOOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA The Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture recently staffed a "Cran- berry Booth" at the Atlantic Winter Fair in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The purpose behind the design of the cranberry booth at the Winter Fair, was: (1) To be educational to both school children and adults in various ways: (a) To trace the development of the cranberry from the flower stage to ripe fruit on the vine in a sim- ulated bog with live vines. (b) Harvesting, showing hand rake and mechanical picker. (c) Map showing where cranber- ries are grown in Nova Scotia. (d) Packaging, showing how Nova Scotia cranberries are sold as fresh fruit, fresh frozen and juice. (e) Display of new varieties. (f) Give away recipes on how to use cranberries. (g) Give away fact sheets on cranberries. (h) Juice dispenser where the public could sample cranberry juice at a nominal price. (2) To provide publicity to Nova Scotia cranberry growers in adver- tising their products in hopes the consumer will purchase Nova Scotia produce. Material for the booth was sup- plied by Nova Scotia cranberry growers; Chipman Apple Products Limited, Kentville; Canada Depart- ment of Agriculture; Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture. Close to 10,000 recipe folders and 5,000 fact sheets were distrib- uted during the 8 days of the Fair. Over 5,400 (7-oz.) cups of cran- berry cocktail were dispensed. A number of gift bottles of cranberry cocktail were given away. A total of 210 gallons of cranberry cocktail was used. The people who bought the juice tended to spend more time around the booth in asking ques- tions about the cranberry industry. In many cases, this discussion branched into other lines of small fruit growing. The juice dispenser was a definite help in promoting public relations. The reaction toward the booth, by the public, was very favorable. The display provided an opportun- ity to view an agricultural crop which otherwise might not be seen. The overall booth was manned by staff mainly from Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, with help from Chipman' s Products Lim- ited, and Annapolis Valley Cran- berries Limited, Kentville on a 3- shift per day basis. WANTED OC3 WIDE TRACK TRACTOR CARLSON MFG. KINGSTON, MASS. ■ »**^'»^-»»» »>»*s»^»»^»»»»»»^»#'*^*^ J WASHINGTON CROP REPORT CITES INCREASE While according to the federal and state Departments of Agricul- ture, cranberry harvest totals are down in 1972 for the natibn, Wash- ington ^nd Oregon showed a pro- duction increase. According to Ed Frazier, Ocean Spray manager for the West Coast, Washington State's production for 1972 totalled 156,696 barrels. This figure includes some, but a very small amount, of berries from Clat- sop County, Oregon, said Frazier. Last year's production was 148,807 barrels, showing an increase of about 8,000 barrels. Production figures from the Ocean Spray in Long Beach show a slight increase for Long Beach Pen- insula cranberry growers with 43, 789 barrels this year compared to last year's total of 43,367. The Markham Ocean Spray plant which receives berries from the Grayland and North Beach area, re- ceived over 7,000 more barrels this year than last. Continued on Page 11 NOW . . . YOU CAN SAVE MONEY WITH LARCHMONT IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CRANBERRY INDUSTRY . . . NEW FOR WET PICKING • LOADS 100 BARRELS IN 15 MINS. • NO DAMAGE TO CRANBERRIES • NON-CLOGGING PERFORMANCE • NO INTERNAL OBSTRUCTIONS • DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS SERVICE IMPELLER IS RECESSED AWAY FROM WATER PATH QUICK COUPLE RISER VALVES • NO WRENCHES • NO THREADS • LABOR SAVING ^"•"^mmLl 4" TAPPED INSERT COUPLING • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR BRASS SADDLES • HOLDS PLASTIC PIPE TOGETHER BETTER WITH LONGER AND DEEPER SERRATIONS COMPLETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST CONTACT BILL STEARNS 99 WARREN AVENUE PLYMOUTH, MASS. 746-2610 2 LARCHMONT ENGINEERING CONTACT LARCHMONT ENGINEERING PHIL TROPEANO LEXINGTON, MASS. 862-2550 Mass. Cranberry Slalion ( Field Notes by IRVING E. DEMORAIMVILLE extension cranberry specialist November was a cold month, averaging 3.3 degrees a day below normal. Maximum temperature was 64" on the 3rd and minimum 16° on the 23rd. The only warrher-lhan average days occurred on the 3rd and 20th. Cooler than average days were the 4-6th, ll-12th, 14-19th, 21-25th and 29-30th. Precipitation totalled 7.88 inches which is about 3-1/4 inches above normal. This is only the fourth largest November precipitation in our records but the largest since the record of 10.61 inches was set in 1945. There were 13 days having measurable precipi- tation with 2.14 inches on the 14- 15th as the biggest storm. We are now a monstrous 24 inches above our normal precipitation for the year to date and 32 inches above 1971. We have akeady broken our record for precipitation for any one year. Surprisingly, there was only 1/2 inch of snow considering the cold, wet conditions. Crop Report The official crop estimate re- leased by the New England Crop Reporting Service for November indicates that the Massachusetts crop is 800,000 barrels, down from the original estimate of 900,000 and over 250,000 barrels less than the 1971 record crop. There may be a slight adjustment of this total in later reports. The big culprit responsible for this huge drop in production was spring frosts, especially on the nights of May 25 and June 11. Aiding and abetting were excessive rain in late June, causing -some flooding at the hook stage and again in early Sep- tember causing some scalding of berries, also some oxygen defi- ciency, poor pollination weather and a holy terror of a fall frost season. For the other states, New Jersey is at 175,000 barrels, up 15,000 from earlier estimates, but much below last year. The Wisconsin crop is unchanged at 800,000 barrels which is a record for them, Wash- ington unchanged at 160,000 bar- rels and Oregon unchanged at 90,000 barrels, also a record. The United States total is 2,025,000 barrels, off about 10 percent from the 1971 record. HE'S READY R. F. MORSE & SON, Inc. Serving Agriculture Helicopter Application Division CHEMAPCO, INC. Cranberry Highway West Wareham, Mass. 295-1553 HIRE THE HANDICAPPED VETERAN »—»—»—»— >—)—^— 5—^—1— )—i—>—>—^— ^—)—^T=>=1=>—^— >=)=)=!=) 3P Til. Pf.iKan'i CaaalltM — byl^PM" • iliil NEWS »»♦♦ »» I »l HI H I H > I' >'>'» 1 1 NOVA SCOTIA The month of November was colder and darker than usual. The mean temperature for the month was 35.4° compared with the 50- year average of 38.2°. Our total sunshine for the month was 74.5 hours compared with the 50-year average of 80. As of this date (December 13), we have very little snow cover to protect our vines. Since there is plenty of fresh water, growers should flood their bogs to prevent winter injury. NEW JERSEY The cranberry region of New Jersey was deluged with record- breaking rains during November. There was precipitation on 12 days with a total of 9.09 inches. It was by far the rainiest November in the 43-year weather recording history at the Cranberry and Blueberry Lab, surpassing by over two inches the previous record of 6.75 inches in 1932. In the more than 500 months of weather observing here, only 10 months had more rain, almost all of which were associated with hurricanes in August and Sep- tember. The month was quite cool, as temperatures averaged only 43.2°, which is 2.90 below normal. The extremes in temperature were 68° on the third and 16° on the 23rd. Soil temperatures at the 1-inch level (under sod) remained above freezing throughout the month. The high was 63 on the third and the low was 38 on the 23rd. Soil tem- peratures have a bearing on when the winter flood is put on the bogs, since many growers wait until the 4 ground freezes. Some flood their bogs before the hunting season-the first week in December to prevent accidental burning of the bogs by hunters. Some late autumn application of casoron to cranberry bogs for weed control is being made at this time but this activity is not as intense as it was a few years ago. Fb¥on After several years experience, cranberry growers know that this is the time of year to take bog soil tests. As. in past years, needed soil bags and report sheets for these are available at farm supply stores in Bandon and Langlois. Soil test readings from bogs are most meaningful if taken in Novem- ber, December or January. The main reason for this is that desired levels of bog fertility are presently based on readings taken shortly after harvest. To change the time of year for running bog soil tests would take a new set of standard readings. These are gained only by experience with enough soil tests to be sure what readings would mean for a certain time of year. Since it is usually most convenient for growers to take samples and have tests run after harvest, there seems no good reason to change the present soil testing procedure. Cranberry growers who are pick- ing up soil test forms will notice a new information sheet that must accompany bog soil samples to the testing laboratory inCorvallis. These new sheets are yellow instead of the white color of the obsolete ones. They are different because early this year a lime requirement test was added to the old regular soil test to now make this basic test more expensive. But lime require- ment does not apply to cranberry bogs because it was developed for field and vegetable crops in order to judge how much lime must be apphed to make field soil conditions considerably less acid. Since this new test has no bearing on cran- berries, I have insisted that the testing laboratory keep the old standard $3.50 test that we have always used for bogs. Thus, the only real change growers will have on the new information sheet is not marking test No. 1 which in- cludes the lime requirement test and costs four dollars and instead marking test No. 2 which is the same $3.50 standard soil test run on bogs in years past. Grower Help Needed This winter I am trying to cata- log samples from certain types of bog trouble spots. 1 am most con- cerned with areas that have shown yellowish-orange uprights this sum- mer. These locations do not have to contain dead areas of vines to qualify; the main symptoms I am looking for being yellow upright tips and certain root problems. If any growers have such areas and don't mind my taking a couple of samples from them, I would cer- tainly appreciate the chance to do so. Please contact me at the county extension office in Coquille if you would like further details. WASBIN6T0N •