. . LIBRARY . . Connecticut Agricultural College. VOL L.O...L.S:A -....- CLASS NO a..a...Q COST l-^JC. DATE. ....w« ^ 5. _i9i>.3... Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/cretaceousflorao01hoH DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MONOGRAPHS OF THE United States Geological Survey VOLUME L WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Dikkotok THE CRETACEOUS FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORE AND NEW ENGLAND BY ARTHUR HOLLICK WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 / 0 ^^^ CONTENTS, Page. Introduction 13 Scope of this monograph 13 Localities where fossil plants have been found 14 Previous descriptions and studies of the region 14 Geological discussion 25 General characteristics of the pUint-bearing deposits 25 Correlation of the insular and allied formations 28 Descriptions of species 31 Pteridophjrta 31 Pilicales 31 Gleicheniacese 31 Cyatheaceas ; 31 Polypodiacese 32 Salviniales 33 Marsileacea 33 Spermatophyta 35 Gymnospermse 35 Cycadales 35 Cycadacea; 35 Coniferales 36 Gingkoaccce - 36 , Pinacere 37 Angiospermse 47 Monocotyledonpe 47 Pandanales 47 Typhacese 47 Graminales 48 Poacete 48 Cyperacere 48 Liliales - 48 Liliaceae 48 Dicotyledonae 49 Choripetalse ■ 49 Salicales 49 Salicacese ■ 49 Myricales 53 Myricacese 53 Juglandales 54 Juglandaceae 54 Fagales 56 Fagacete 56 5. Q CONTENTS. Descriptions of species — Continued. Spermatopliyta — Continued. Angiospermie — Continued. Dicotyledont'e — Continued. Choripetalfe— Continued. Page. Urticales S" Ulmacese 57 Moraceje 5~ Proteales .- 59 Proteaceee 59 Eanales 61 Nymphfeace and these it is the special object of tliis monograph to describe and discuss. oFifteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey (1893-94), 1896, pp. 307-397. 13 14 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. LOCAIjITIES AVHERE r08SII. PIvA^STTS HAVE BEEK FOU^TD. Within the area! hmits of the islands mentioned a number of locahties have yielded fossil plants. At some they were foimd in place in the clays; at others, as morainal material more or less closely associated -with them, as wall be described more fully in the geological discussioia. Following is a list of the localities, with the characters of the plant-bearing deposits : Staten Island : Green Ridge, clays in place. Kreischerville, clays in place. Tottenville, morainal material. Richmond Valley, morainal material. Princess Bay, morainal material. Arrochar, morainal material. Long Island : Brooklyn, morainal material. Elm Point (Great Neck), clays in place? Mott Point (Manhasset Neck), morainal material. Sea Cliff, morainal material. Glen Cove, clays in place and morainal material. Dosoris Island, morainal material. Oak Neck, morainal material. Center Island, morainal material. Cold Spring, clays in place. > Lloyd Neck, morainal material. Little Neck (Northport Harbor), clays in place. Batons Neck, morainal material. Montauk Point, morainal material. Block Islfipd: Black Rock Point, morainal material. Southeast Point, morainal material. Balls Point, morainal material. Marthas Vineyard : Gay Head, clays disturbed by glacial action and morainal material. Nashaquitsa, clays disturbed by glacial action. Chappaquiddick, morainal material redistributed. Elizabeth Islands: Naushon, morainal material. PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES OF THE REGION". The region included within the scope of this monograph attracted the attention of geologists and others interested in natural phenomena before the beginning of the last century. The earlier scientific descriptions consist for the most part of narra- tives of explorations, with references to facts observed and conclusions deduced from them, which although they sound crude and quaint to-day are of interest and value in reflecting the habit of mind which prevailed at the time they were written, and when read in connection with later investigations and mterpretations form an instructive chapter in the evolution of scientific observation and reasoning. In 1786 Rev. Samuel West, William Baylies, and four others formed a party to visit Marthas Vinej^ard, and the account of their voyage and what they observed was PEEVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 15 included in two communications to Governor James Bowdoin, of Massachusetts," from which the following by Mr. Baylies is abstracted : I have at length executed the design, which I had formed in consequence of an invitation from the Reverend Ml-. West, of visiting Gay Head. In company with him, Col. Pope, and two others I sailed from Bedford in an open two-mast boat. * * * A northerly wind carried us down the river into the midst of the bay in an easy, agreeable manner. A calm then coming on with a hot sun and a constant rolling of the boat, I grew exceed- ingly sick. Nothing could alleviate my feelings but a view of Gay Head, through Quicks Hole, at the distance of about fifteen miles. A variety of colors, such as red, yellow, and white, differently shaded and combined, exhibited a scene sufficient to captivate the mind, however distressed. * * * We beckoned to two young Indians whom we saw on the bilk above us. They inunediately came, and by the promise of a little rum our boat was hauled up on the beach. * * * After our arrival at the chffs we looked round for a place of descent. This in a little time we found. * * * On one side we had a red, unctuous, argillaceous' earth; on the other a blue, white, and yellow one variegated with gray, black, and green spots, and masses of charcoal under our feet. When we had descended, on looking back the idea of a volcano struck us at once. In fact, it had all the appearance of having blown out but a few days. That it was formerly a volcano was confirmed by a further examination. Large stones whose surfaces were vitrified, great numbers of small ones cemented together by melted sand, and also cinders were to be seen ip many places. A black, sooty powder similar to lampblack and made use of by painters to serve the same purposes, under which a whitish matter resembling the gypseous earth calcined, intermixed with the same kind of earth uncalcined, were to be found in great quantities. Besides there are very plain marks of four or five different craters. * * * We tarried on the island * * * examinmg the cliffs. * * * They appeared to be composed principally of clays of all colors and unctuous to the touch. The red, used as a paint, undoubtedly derives its color from the calx of iron. The blue shoots out copperas in considerable plenty, and we found hard, heavy pieces of matter sparkling with small granulated particles of a white color embedded therein. This, it is probable, will afford something of the metallic kind. * * * Small streams of water ran down the sides of the cliffs. * * * Every one of these had more or less of the vitriolic taste. The bones of whales, sharks' teeth, and petrified shellfish are frequently picked up, scattered up and down the cliff, at a considerable distance above the surface of the water. The sea, it is said, has made considerable encroachments on this part of Gay Head. Within thirty years it has swept off fifteen or twenty rods. Had Neptune thus demolished part of Vesuvius or ^tna up to their very craters and laid open all their secrets, how would the curious in Europe have flocked from all quarters to behold a scene so full of wonders! But Gay Head is scarcely mentioned in America. Probably the next description of importance relating to any portion of the region is that by Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, in which the author discusses the geology and muieralogy of "Long or Nassau Island." * His statements of facts and liis theo- ries in regard to them make curious readuig for the modern geologist, and in places may be detected a note of protest against the new ideas of cause and effect that were just then beguining to be accepted. In his speculations concerning the geology, for example, he says: From a survey of the fossils in these parts of the American coast, one becomes convmced that the prmcipal share of them Is granitical, composed of the same sorts of materials as the highest Alps, Pyrenees, Caucasus, arid Andes, and, like them, destitute of metals and petrifactions. The occurrence of no horizontal strata, and the frequency of vertical layers, led him further to suppose that these strata are not secondary collections of minerals, hut are certainly in a state of primeval arrangement. * * * What inference remains now to be drawn from this statement of facts, but that the fashionable opinion of considering these marithne parts of our country as flats, hove up from the deeps by the sea or brought down from the heights by the rivers, stands unsupported by reason and contradicted by experience? aMem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 2, pt. 1, 1793, pp. 147-150; ibid., 1797, pp. 150-155. 6 Medical Eepository, vol. 3, 2d ed., 1805, pp. 325-335; vol. 5, 1802, pp. 212-215. 1(5 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Nevertheless he gives evidence further on of accurate powers of observation and an ability to draw conclusions from facts which would do credit to modem investi- gators. Thus in discussing the formation of Long Island he continues: A more probable opinion is, that Long Island and the adjacent continent were, in former days, contiguous, or only separated by a small river, and that the strait which now divides them was formed by successive inroads of the sea, from the eastward and westward, in the course of ages. * * * Between Long Island and the continent there are several shoals, with rocks scattered over them, which are apparently sunken or wasted islands. These remains of what was, probably, in former days, upland of as great height as the neighboring islands afford strong evidence of the leveling power of the waves. Nearly all who subsequently investigated the geology of the region recognized that the extensions of the Coastal Plain strata of the mainland were probably repre- sented on Staten Island, Long Jsland, and the islands to the eastward, but at first with poorly defined or erroneous' conceptions of their geologic age or stratigraphic relations. In 1823 Jolin Finch read a paper before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, entitled "Geological Essay on the Tertiary Formation in America,"" in which the Raritan, Staten Island, Long Island, and Gay Head clays are referred to the Tertiary period. In 1824 Edward Hitchcock, in his "Notices on the Geology of Marthas Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands,"'' remarks that "Long Island, in those places where I have seen it, is unquestionably very similar in its geological structure to Llarthas Vineyard, and probably belongs to the same era," while fiu-ther on he concludes "that the Vineyard and Nantucket are the continuation of that extensive formation, hitherto called Alluvial, of which Long Island has been regarded as the north- eastern limit." About 1825 the studies of Lardner Vanuxem and S. G. Morton resulted in an effort to differentiate the late formations of eastern United States, and in a paper by the latter entitled "Geological Observations on the Secondary, Tertiary, and Alluvial Formations of the Atlantic Coast of the United States of America, "^ he mentions Manhattan Island, Long Island, Marthas Vineyard, and Nantucket as mcluded in the Tertiary, although the equivalency of certain of the New Jersey strata with the Cretaceous of the Old World is recognized. In 1837 and 1838 Wilham W. Mather, in the First and Second Annual Reports of the New York State Geological Survey,'' mentions the clays and sands of Staten Island and Long Island, but with very indefuiite allusions to their probable geological relations. In regard to the Staten Island exposure he merely says that it seems to be "similar in its general characters to that of Cheesequake and Matavan Pomt, on the Jersey shore, and it appears to have a similar geological position;" wliile in regard to the clays of Long Island he remarks that "they have the external charac- ters of potter's clay," but he refers them to the Tertiary. In 1843, in his final report, '' Mr. Mather arrives at more defuiite conclusions in regard to the last-mentioned strata and says: o Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 7, 1824, pp. 31-43. llbid., pp. 240-248. cJour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, pt. 1, 1827, pp. 50-71. ci Assembly Doc. No. 161, February 11, 1837; ibid., No. 200, February 20, 1838. «Nat. Hist. Now York, pt., 4; Geol., pt. 1; Gcol. 1st Geol. Dist.,p.,248. PEEA'IOUS DESCEIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 17 The reasons for believing that the principal mass of this formation is older than the Tertiary will be seen in tracing the equivalency of these beds to those of New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia, where it is considered as established that the corresponding strata belong to the upper secondary of the epoch of the Cretaceous and greensand formations. Up to this time, while the general relationsliips bet\7een the strata of the main- land coastal plain and those of the islands were recognized, this recognition was based upon lithologic resemblances and stratigrapliic position only, and, in the absence of any paleontologic evidence, conclusions were not entirely satisfactory or convincing and more or less controversy and discussion ensued. At about this period, however, the first discoveries of fossils on the islands began to be made, but their importance was not appreciated. The discoveries were not followed up, and they received but little more than passing attention. Probably the earliest record in this connection is by Edward Hitchcock ° in his descriptions of and discussion concerning the fossil animal and vegetable remains found at Gay Head. Of special significance are the fossil fruit and leaves, to some of which reference is made in this monograph.* The Gaj^ Head section is included by the author under "Eocene or older Tertiary strata." On December 19, 1842, at a meeting of the New York Lyceum of Natural His- tory, a specimen of Exogyra was sho^vn, to which the following reference may be found in the minutes of that meeting: "Doctor Jay exliibited a fossil Exogyra, found 60 feet below the surface, in digging a well in the city of Brookljrn. Referred to Messrs. Jay and W. C. Redfield to report upon the authenticity of the locality and other matters respecting the geological relations of the fossil." Tliis discovery was again mentioned at the Albany meeting of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists, in 184.3, hj Mr. Redfield, who said:'^ "This is believed to be the first authentic memorial of the Cretaceous formation found in the State of New York." It may also be found mentioned by Issachar Cozzens, jr., on pp. 51, 52 of his "Geological History of Manhattan or New York Island, etc.," published in 1843 where he says in his discussion of the New Jerse}^ marl: "It is more than probable that this member of the Cretaceous Group underlies Long Island and may be a c*n- tinuation of the great range which begins at the south, in Virginia, and runs through New Jersey to the Neversink Hills, at which place it is last seen above the surface." Accompanying this discussion is a theoretical geological section (pi. 3) , drawn iu the exaggerated manner characteristic of that time, which is exceedingly interesting when viewed in the light of what we now know in regard to the structure of Long Island. In 1849 a paper was published by M. E. Desor and E. C. Cabot under the title "On the Tertiary and More Recent Deposits in the Island of Nantucket,"'^ in which the authors refer to the resemblance between the clays of Truro, Cape Cod; Sankaty Head, Nantucket, and Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, all of which are regarded as probably Tertiary in age and as extending to the south beneath Long Island. o Final Eept. Geol. Mass., vol. 2, 1841, pp. 429-433. iDammara borealis Heer, p. 37, PI. II, figs. 12, 21. Magnolia auriculataNewb., p. C8. PI. XX, fig. 8. c Abstr. Proc. 4th sess., Assn. Am. Geol. and Nat.: Am. Jour. ScL, vol. 45, 1S43, p. 156. i Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 5, 1849, pp. 340-344. MON L — 06 2 18 FLOKA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. In 1859 Dr. William Stimpson visited Marthas Vineyard, where he collected both animal and plant remains and determined certain of the strata at Gay Head to be Cretaceous in age. " The notice in regard to this excursion, however, is very meager. The work of the Geological Survey of New Jersey, which was begun at about this time, contributed a constantly increasing amount of information from year to year, in its annual reports, concerning the Cretaceous deposits in that State, together with occasional references to their probable extensions through Staten Island and Long Island, affording material assistance to those who were engaged in the study of these deposits on the islands mentioned. In 1873 a geological map of the United States, prepared by C. H. Hitchcock and W. P. Blake, was issued in connection with the Ninth United States Census. On it the north shore of Long Island was indicated as Cretaceous, and in replj^ to a criti- cism of this feature by J. D. Dana'' a paper was read by Professor Hitchcock before the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the Portland, Me., meeting in 1873, in which he says:" "Notwithstanding the evidence is so probable in its favor, it is surprising to observe that mine is the first published map that colors tliis area correctly." . This discussion, however, practically ended any further serious controversy in regard to the Cretaceous age of the Long Island strata. Evidence began to accu- mulate which could no longer be ignored or controverted, and writers became more conservative in expressing contrary opinions or conclusions. Specimens of dicoty- ledonous leaves were found at several widely separated localities on Long Island, and although their exact geological age was not at first determined their significance was appreciated. The earliest record in this connection is probably to be found in the Proceedings of the New York Lyceum of Natural History,** in the account of the meeting of January 9, 1871, where the following brief paragraph occurs: The president, Dr. J. S. Newberry, exhibited a piece of red sandstone, containing impressions of leaves found in excavating the foundation for the gas office in Williamsburg [now included in the eastern district of Brooklyn]. This, he said, was a specimen of remarkable interest. In its lithological characters this rock closely resembles the Triassic sandstone so much used in New York for architectural purposes; but it con- tained numhers of very heautifvlly preserved impressions of angiospermous leaves. No plants of this kind were known to exist during the Trias or before the Cretaceous; but we know of no such Cretaceous or Tertiary sandstone on the North Am?rican continent. The mass from which this specimen was taken was a bowlder and the associated transported blocks were granite, porphyry, greenstone, dolomite, etc., plainly referable to well-known localities north of New York. But no such sandstone as this was known, and it became a matter of extreme interest to ascertain what was its origin. Subsequently further material was brought to light, and at the meeting of March 23, 1874, as recorded in the Proceedings (ser. 2, No. 4, pp. 126, 127), it was reported upon as follows : The president (Dr. J. S. Newberry] described a sandstone containing angiospermous loaves very similar in aspect to those of the Earitan and of the Lower Cretaceous in the far West, which occurs in bowlders at Lloyds Neck, Long Island. This is undoubtedly the same rock with that of the Williamsburg gas house, as he was satisfied from comparison. It is totally unlike anything known in this vicinity, and unfortunately liiis not yet been'foiind in situ. Whenever it is, some interesting liglit will lie thrown on this whole question. But its presence under these circumstances points to its existence in place at some locality not far away. , o Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 14.5. c Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., vol. 22, pt. 2, 1874, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 188.'"., pp. 3,'-.X-360. cTrans. Now York Acad. .Sci., vol. 12, 1892, pp. 40-17. il Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, pp. 165-169. PREVIOUS DESCRIPTIONS AND STUDIES. 23 same age, three species of diatoms were met, viz: Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs., Diatoma liyemale K. B., Cocconema parvum W. Smith. * * * The most interest- ing discovery, however, was the finding of diatoms in the stoneware clay at Glen Cove. The species are: Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs. [and] StepTianodiscus niagarse Ehr. * * * " In a bed of diatomaceous earth on Lloyd Neck the following diatoms were found (p. 168) : Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs. Navicula varians Greg. Stephanodiscus niagarse £hr. Navicula lata Brelj. Epitheniia turgida (Ehi .) Kutz. Eunotia monodon Ehr. Encyonema ventricosura Kutz. Gomphonema capitatum Ehr. CymbeUa delicatula Kutz. Stauroneis Phcenecenteron Ehr. Cymbella cuspidata Kutz. Fragilaria construans Grun. Navicula viridis Kutz. Synedra affinis K. B. Navicula cocconeiformis Greg. Campyloneis Grevillei regalis. Navicula major Kutz. ' Triceratium trifoliatum. The author does not make ft clear, however, whether he regards the bed as Cre- taceous in age, although tliis is inferred from the text. His final words are (p. 169) : In the kaolin found near Kreischerville [Staten Island] were discovered a number of diatoms, which Dr. [D. B.] Ward informs me are either Cocconeis placentula Ehr. or Cocconeis pediculus Ehr. Their occurrence is also of great interest, as these kaolins are known to be middle Cretaceous beyond doubt. It seems to me that the results obtained from this hasty examination of the clays are sufficiently encour- aging to warrant a further and detailed search. The correlation of strata by means of their microscopic organisms has been successfully tried elsewhere, and further work might prove it applicable to the clays of Long Island, whose age and stratigi-aphic relations need much further elucidation. The Northport clays were subsequently submitted to a more critical examination by Mr. Ries, and a number of plant remains were found in them. These were sub- mitted to me for study, and among them I was able to identify, provisionally, Pali- urus integrifolius HoUick, Laurus angusta Heer, Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer, Paliurus sp., Myrsine sp., CelastropJiyllum sp., and Williamsonia sp. This list, together with Mr. Ries's remarks on the clays, is mcluded in his paper "On the Occurrence of Cretaceous Clays at Northport, Long Island."'* in which he says: In a previous paper the writer mentioned this clay deposit and expressed the belief that it would be found to be of Cretaceous age. Such has proven to be the case. In a recent visit to the locality a careful examina- tion of the section exposed showed that a brownish-black seam of the clay, two feet thick, contained plant fragments in great quantity, and a few of them were sufficiently well preserved to permit identification and prove the Cretaceous age of the deposit beyond doubt. All the facts included in these three papers by Mr. Ries were finally embodied in his "Clays of New York; their Properties and Uses," ^ together with plates repre- senting some of the exposures and others in which the diatoms and many of the characteristic Cretaceous leaves are depicted. In 1894 Mr. Charles L. Pollard pubhshed a brief account of the Elm Point, Long Island, fossil leaf locality,'' in which are enumerated the following four species: Liriodendron simplex Newb., Diospyros primseva Heer, Magnolia altemans Heer, and Platanus Newherryana Heer. "School of Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, pp. 353, 354. 'Bun. New York State Mas. No. 35, vol. 7, June, 1900, pp. 595-611. cTrana. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, pp. 180, 181. 24 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. In 1895 Dr. F. J. H. Merrill published " Notes on the Geology of Block Island," " in wliich he concludes that the white clays and sands exposed at certain localities may be of Cretaceous age and that their folded condition was caused by glacial action. In regard to the Clay Head deposit he remarks (pp. 17, IS) that "in character and position it is entirely analogous to that at Glen Cove, Long Island." In 1896, at the New York meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Prof. O. C. Marsh read a paper on "The Jurassic Formation on the Atlantic Coast," ** in which he advanced the theory that the clays throughout the insular area, as well as their equivalents in New Jersej^, are probably Jurassic in age, but any evidence to support the theory was not produced. This paper was supplementary to two preliminary papers by the same author, on "The Geology of Block Island," "^ in which the same theorj^ was advocated. In these contributions the opinion was expressed that the testimony of fossil plants was not conclusive as to the Cretaceous age of the strata. In 1897 Prof. J. B. Woodworth read a paper before the Geological Society of America on "Unconformities of Marthas Vineyard and of Block Island," ** in which the disturbance caused by glacial action is discussed, and in 1900 one upon " Glacial Origin of Older Pleistocene in Gay Head CHfIs," etc.,*^ which may be regarded as supplementary to the one previously mentioned. In 1899 a joint contribution appeared, by G. C. Curtis and J. B. Woodworth, entitled "Nantucket, A Morainal Island,"^ in which, besides the discussion of the glacial deposits, there is a brief paragraph (p. 231 to) the effect that: "The oldest known formation on the island is a bluish clay, probably of Cretaceous age. * * * The beds of this series are highly folded, as are also the strata of the same, and even more recent date, in the islands westward to Staten Island." Opinions of others in regard to the causes of the folding are also given, but without discussion. In 1905 Mr. Myron L. Fuller, in a paper on the "Geology of Fishers Island, New York, "^ makes mcidental reference to the same phenomena in connection with the Gay Head and Block Island clays. The occurrence of Cretaceous deposits, at a depth of some 260 feet below sea level, is inferred from the presence of a bed of blue clay struck at that depth in a well boring, in regard to which the author (p. 373) says: "No samples of this clay have been seen, but the fact that it rests on the granite instead of on a thick series of glacial gravels, as does the only known Pleistocene clay of the region, points to its probable Cretaceous age." The most complete exposition of the geology of any part of the region was brought out in 1902, under the joint authorsliip of F. J. H. Merrill, N. H. Darton, Arthur Hollick, R. D. Salisbury, R. E. Dodge, Bailey Willis, and H. A. Pressey, as the New York City folio of the Survey,* in which the entire area of Staten Island and a portion of the adjacent area of Long Island is mapped topograpliically and geologically, with descriptive text and illustrations. The Cretaceous area of a Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1895, pp. 16-19. 6 Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 2, 1896, pp. 433-447. •^Ibid., pp. 29r)-29S, 375-377. dBull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 8, 1897, pp. 197-212. cBuIl. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 11, 1900, pp. 455-460. /Jour. Geol., vol. 7, 1899, pp. 226-236. 0 Bull. Geol. Scic. Am., vol. 16, 1905, pp. .367-390. A Description ol the New York City district: Geologic Atlas U.S., folio S3, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902. GEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION. 25 Staten Island is defined both on the map and in the description, and is correlated with the Cretaceous of New Jersey on the basis of the fossil plants found in it. About this time the problem of an additional water supply for New York City was receiving earnest attention, with the result that numerous investigations were made which involved reports upon the geologj^ of areas from which such supplies might be obtained. Both Staten Island and Long Island received attention in this connection, and during the progress of the work several new facts were incidentally brought to light in relation to the surficial and underlying strata. ■" Finally maj^ be mentioned J. B. Woodworth's paper on the " Pleistocene Geology of Portions of Nassau County and Borough of Queens,"* in wliich the glacial phe- nomena of that area are described and illustrated in considerable detail. In addition to the preceding references to the principal papers on the geology of the region a number of briefer notes and memoranda by some of the same authors and others could be given, but those quoted probably include essentially all of the diverse opinions wliich have been expressed from time to time, and indicate the necessity that existed for careful -and critical examination of all the available facts in connection with the topographic features, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the region. GEOIiOGICAL DISCTJSSIOK. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANT-BEARING DEPOSITS. The deposits in which fossil plants have been found at the localities previously mentioned consist, in part, of clays, sands, and gravels, Hthologically similar to the Cretaceous strata of the mainland, as represented in the Karitan and Cliffwood forma- tions of New Jersey, and, in part, of morainal material derived from them. The occurrence of ferruginous shale and concretions, while not altogether absent on the mainland, reaches such a development on the islands as to constitute a dis- tinct and characteristic lithologic feature of the insular deposits at a number of locali- ties. The shaly condition is especially well developed in comiection with the clay exposure on the shore a short distance west of the Glen Cove landing, Long Island, while the concretionarj^ phase is best exemphfied in the Gay Head section on Marthas Vineyard. Both kinds of this hard material are also conspicuous constituents of the moraine throughout almost its entire insular extent, frequently containing plant remains and affording evidence of the former presence of Cretaceous deposits at or near to locali- ties where all other indications have been entirely obhterated. It was the discovery of specimens of this kind that first indicated the existence of a Cretaceous flora in place on Staten Island and Long Island, and finally led to its identification elsewhere. Whetherthis material islargelyaresultof glacial erosionand disturbance of the Cre- taceous clays, which have thus become exposed to oxidizing influences and consequent al. Freeman, John R., Report on New York's water supply, etc.; New York, Martin B. Brown & Co., 1900, 8 vo.,pp.587 maps, figures, and diagrams. v II. Crosby, W. O., Outline ol the geology of Long Island in its relations to the public water supply: Tech. Quart, vol. 13, 1900, pp. 100-119. III. Fuller, M. L., Probable pre-Kansan and lowan deposits of Long Island, N. Y.: Am. Geol., vol. 32, 1903, pp. 308-312. IV. Veatch, A. C, The diversity of the Glacial period on Long Island: Jour. Geol., vol. 11, 1903, pp. 762-776. V. Veatch, A. C, and others, Underground water resources of Long Island, , New York: Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 44, 1906. t> Bull. New York State Mus. No. 48. 1901. 26 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. hardening, is a question which has not as yet been satisfactorily answered. The coin- cidence of its abundance in connection with the moraine, or in Cretaceous beds more or less disturbed by glacial action, is significant, especially when compared with the relative rarity of similar material in equivalent undisturbed beds; and the fact that masses and fragments of clay may be found which show every gradation between the plastic condition and that of hard ferruginous shale or solid concretions would seem to indicate that these conditions have been brought about, at least in some instances, from the oxidation of iron contained in the clay and in others from the accu- mulation of layers of limonite around the exterior of clay fragments after these were torn from the parent mass. Even where the shales or concretions are in place in the clays, as at Glen Cove and Gay Head, the clays themselves must be regarded as merely part of the moraine, representing portions of the Cretaceous beds wliich were eroded and transported bodily or else shoved forward or squeezed upward from their original positions by the advancing ice front and not as undisturbed strata in place. This conspicuous feature, therefore, consisting of hardened fragments and concre- tions, while it must be recognized as more or less characteristic where it occurs so conspicuously, may not always be an original phase of the deposit, but may in cer- tain exposures be due merely to the accident of their location within the area of glacial disturbance. Examples of erosion, transportation, and deformation of the Cretaceous deposits by ice action are conspicuous throughout almost the entire morainal area from Marthas Vineyard to Staten Island. In only two limited localities are the phenom- ena wanting. One of these is the northern or Orient Pomt branch of the moraine on Long Island ; the other is where the moraine rests upon the serpentine hills of Staten Island. In the last-named locahty the absence of Cretaceous material is due to the fact that the Cretaceous deposits did not extend north of these hills, while at Orient Point its absence is probably to be explained on the theory that this point represents a second or more recent morainal deposit, and that all of the Cretaceous material had been previously eroded and included in the older or Montauk Point branch. On the several islands the exact conditions under which the fossil plants occur vary to some extent, and variations in conditions may be noted between certain localities on the same island. Within our region the farthest, north that any Creta- ceous material has been positively identified is on Naushon, the most eastern of the Ehzabeth Islands, where there is a limited amount of plastic clay and some of the characteristic ferruginous concretions containing hgnite, all included in the moraine. The farthest east that any similar material has been reported is Chappaquiddick, at the southeastern extremity of Marthas Vineyard, where characteristic species of Cretaceous plants occur in the ferruginous shaly fragments which form a large part of the reasserted drift material of that locahty. Thus far no positive evidence has been obtained of the presence of a Cretaceous flora farther to the north, on Cape Cod, or farther to the east, on Nantucket, and definite proof that any of the Cretaceous formations were represented in those localities at all has not been recorded, so far as I am aware. At Nashaquitsa, on Marthas Vineyard, the plant remains occur in clay nodules, embedded in the variegated clays of the cliff, wliich apparently form the outcropping edge of a basin or trough of which the Gay Head section is part of the opposite rim. GEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION. 27 This clay deposit is somewhat different in coloring and texture from that of any other locality, and for that reason I have thought it possible that it might represent a distinct geologic horizon. It is, however, more or less involved with the overlying moraine and the adjacent sandy clays of the Weyquosque series, so that its exact stratigraphic position is uncertain, and, unfortunately, the plants collected are few in number and are largely of uncertain identity. Of the 222 species described in this monograph only 13 are hsted from this locahty, and of these four are only pro- visionally identified and two others are described as new. At Gay Head fossil plants occur in certain of the gray sandy clays and in the fer- ruo-inous nodules and concretions, either in place or scattered in the talus accumula- tions of the escarpment. The stratigraphic relations of the various beds represented in this section are too uncertain for definite conclusions on account of the tilting and distortion to which they have been subjected; but inasmuch as 103 species of fossil plants — a large majority of them representing well-known Cretaceous tyiies — have been identified from this locality alone, the age of the beds from which they came can not be questioned. Both 'the Raritan and the Cliflwood formations are repre- sented in these species. On Block Island, at all the localities, the fossils were found only as morainal material, in ferruginous shale or sandstone, but mostly in close association with transported or eroded masses of plastic and lignitic clay. No organic remains of anyldnd, other than the hgnite, have been found in these clays; but their lithologic characters and the close association with them of the characteristic ferruginous material containing Cretaceous leaves are strong presumptive evidence of their age, especially as they lie directly on the line of strike between the clays of Marthas Vineyard on the east and those of Long Island on the west. On Long Island the localities where Cretaceous fossil plants have been found are scattered tliroughout the hills from Montauk Point to Brooklyn. At most of these localities the plants occur in the moraine, and careful investigation would undoubtedly result in making known a number of others, so as to include practi- cally the entire morainal area. On Little Neck, in Northport Harbor, and at Cold Spring, impressions of leaves occur in the clays, while at Glen Cove numerous specimens have been found in a layer of ferruginous shale, interbedded with the clays. This shale is more or less fractured and slickensided, apparently representing a fault line or shear plane in the clay, along which atmospheric waters percolated, oxidizing the iron in the clay and transforming it into a thin layer of ferruginous shale along the line of fracture. At this locality the clays are not only disturbed as a whole and more or less tilted, but they are also locally disturbed by landslips, the effects of which may be seen in the changes which take place from year to year on the face and at the base of the bluff. Next to the Gay Head exposure this is the locality which has yielded the greatest number of fossil plants. They occur in the layer of shale above mentioned, and also in the fragments which have been eroded from the exposure and scattered along the beach. At Sea Cliff, near Mott Point on Manhassett Neck, and at Elm Point on Great Neck, clays are exposed, but no fossil leaves have been found in them. At the locality first mentioned the matrix in which the leaf impressions occur is exactly 28 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. similar to the Glen Cove shale, but its outcrop has not been located. The material is abundantly represented in the morainal deposits of the vicinity, and practically the same conditions prevail at the other two localities. In no instance can even the clay exposures be definitely identified as outcrops, but ihej apparently are isolated masses which have been torn from the underlj-ing beds and deposited as great clay bowlders in the moraine. The differences between these large masses and smaller ones, and between the fragments that are partly and those that are wholly oxidized, are differences in degree only, and all are clearly the result of glacial erosion and transportation. On Staten Island the clays at Kreischerville and Green Ridge contain quan- tities of lignite and numerous leaf beds. At the latter locality they are m place and only the surface of the exposure has suffered any disturbance. At Kreischer- ville the beds appear to have been redeposited to a considerable extent, as the plant remains often occur in lenses or pockets and the accompanjdng sandy laj^ers are conspicuously cross-bedded. Amber and charred wood, in considerable abund- ance, are mixed with the vegetable debris at this locality, as recently described by me Ln a paper on "The Occurrence and Origin of Amber in the Eastern United States."" At all the other Staten Island localities small masses of what are apparently Cretaceous clays and sands occur in the moraine, but at these locahties the fossil leaf impressions have been found only in the accompan>dng ferruginous shales and concretions. The former presence of not only the Cliilwood but also liigher formations, throughout the insular area, is also proved by the occurrence of Cretaceous inverte- brate fossils in the moraine on Staten Island, Long Island, and Block Island,* in addition to the well-known occurrence of similar fossils, together with vertebrate remains, in place, in the Gaj- Head section on Marthas Vineyard, and scattered morainal material at Indian Hill and Chappaquiddick.*^ None of these fossils, how- ever, has been found anj-where in any of the plant-bearing beds, so far as I am aware, and they have therefore proved of no value as correlation factors in connec- tion with these deposits. The point of greatest interest in connection with them is probaljly the fact of their occurrence at Arrochar, on Staten Island, and at Brook- lyn, on Long Island, indicating a former overlap of upper Cretaceous strata in that vicinity, which must have extended tliroughout the area now occupied by New York Harbor, the East River, and probably a part of the Hudson River Valley, but was later entirely eroded. CORRELATION OF THE INSULAR AND ALLIED FORMATIONS. The stratigraphic position of the formations discussed in connection with tliis monograph may be understood by reference to the following table, in which are set forth the views of a number of recent authorities : a Am. Naturalist, vol. 39, 1905, pp. 137-145. tHollick, A., Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol II, 1S92, p. 98; ibid., vol. 15, 1895, pp. 3-5: ibid., vol. 16, 1S96, pp. 11 and 16. cLyell, Travels in North America, vol. 1, 1845, pp. 203-206; Stimpson, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 14.5; Shalcr, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 16, 1889, pp. 89-97; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1893, p. 16; Bull. New York Bot. Card., vol. 2, 1902, pp. 400-401; Woodworth, Bull. Geol. Soo. Am., vol. 11, 1900, pp. 459-460; Brown, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 20, 1905, pp. 229-238. CORRELATION OF INSULAR AND ALLIED FORMATIONS. 29 'Sv ,^ V" >» 1 h jous plant -bear- horizons on the ds of southern Yoi'lv and New and. 11 c c '£ 0 6 0 § 0 B'CS " 0 1 lit |t.§|^ 1 £.SS2;w 03 5 «§s OOP. 'eller, Stuart, An Kept. State Geol gist N. J., 1904, p 143, 147. 1 ca 0 3>s jr. fill . 0 • >! > Hill 1 ■d H ^ a -s- c ^ ft 0 W < 7 0 « U ' ■d ■ ft § i 1 . S 0 03 H oW o3 03 6 1 1 1 Moo :^ ai S a S Cfi s < fL. 0 o-n^ mBd n-nuinonag D-UBra -Brno -nao \/ o-u-BiqiV D-UBIOI -oooajsi *Sn090'BJ )J0 jaddfl. •sn090'Bj9J0 JSiiOT; iOissBrnr 'd +J >7 r^r rj Ci" S 5?^" oc. i=! .c o3 a" 1 § 0 0 ! 03 1 6 t 'd X p a ■^ TO^ GO '^;q S M a B K C < tt. 0 •snoao'BiaiO jaddn ■snoaoujajQ jaAOT; iDissBjnr aadd£i .... MgBg fl d 0 0 0 d arlc, Bui vol. p. 48 1 0 § 1 1 0 a « tfz: a 05 i III ^a ^ ^ ft Is ^ 3 §-i- ^^. ^^ 1 §cS3 K £ 5 >.li3 -i go s fl ftS "S 0 "3 ■iQddfi •aippiK •iTOBa •OVU10%0^ J9iii9JS[ •o^nioiod aap[o ris?=^ fl ggt- '■— ' '. . a . p. OS ftp. 1 a ■d rd T3 a 1 1 a I" 1 1 0 oj a t) s S 0 s ■auuBiv *9Trp 'Braao]>j; 30 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. From an analysis of the above, table it may be seen that so far as the insular plant-bearing formations are concerned they occupy a position which is included in the plastic clays and clay marls of White, the Raritan and Cliffwood formations of Gkrk, and the Newer (upper) Potomac of Ward. A slight difference of opinion msij be noted in regard to the exact geologic age to which these formations are referred, but there is a general agreement in regarding the Raritan and Cliffwood beds, respectively, as the summit of the Lower Cretaceous and the base of the Upper Cretaceous, and this accords with the paleobotanical evidence, as indicated in the last column of the table, and as will be more fully set forth in the botanical discus- sion. It may also be pertinent to remark in tlus connection that this evidence has not hitherto been adequately presented, and that possibly some slight modification of the views of the authors quoted might have resulted if all the facts now in our possession had been known to them. In New Jersey successively liigher horizons in the Raritan formation are repre- sented by the plant-bearing deposits at Woodbridge, Sayreville, South Amboj^, and Morgans, all of wluch places are on or near the coast. The Cliffwood formation, with possibly a part of the Matawan, is exposed in the bluff at Cliffwood. The plant-bearing deposits on the islands, whose flora is described in tMs work, have varying Umits at different locahties, including the Cliffwood formation and possibly higher horizons with varying amounts of the Raritan. The apparent relationships of the beds at the different locahties are approximately shown in the following diagram : Approximate relationships of beds ai the different localities. New Jersey localities. Island localities. ? ? Cliffwood. -2. § ? a > a 1— 1 11 T3 t; Morgans. South Amboy. Sayreville. Woodbridge. o |l §1= SI The " ?" between Chffwood and Morgans indicates a possibly intermediate bed whose flora has not yet been critical^ studied, and the upper " ?" indicates that some of the plant-bearing beds in the bluff' at Cliffwood may he above the formation of that name. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. PTERIDOPHYTA. Order FILICALES. Family GLEICHENIACE^. Gleichenia gracilis Heer? PI. I, fig. 9. Gleichenia gracilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 52, pi. 10, figs. 1-5, 6a-ll ; pi. 26, figs. 13b, 13c, 13d: " Gleichenia gracilis Ileer (?)," HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57, pi. 3, fig. 3. ' ■ TMs specimen is too imperfect for satisfactory comparison with any descriptions or figures, and it is too fragmentary to serve as the basis for a description of a new species. It is possible that it may represent a larger, lower portion of a frond of Gleichenia gracilis than is depicted in any of Heer's figures of that species (loc. cit.), and it may also be compared with 6^. acutiloba Heer", from which species also it seems to differ mostly in the smaller size of its pinnules. Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gleichenia PEOxoGiEA Debey and Ettingshausen ? PI. I, fig. 8. Gleichenia protogasa Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wien Akad. Wissensch., MaA.-jSaturwiss CI., vol. 17 (Urwelt. Acrobryen Kreidegebirg. Aachen und Maestricht), 1859, p. 191, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12, g, h. This fragment, although too small for satisfactory identification or comparison, is certainly referable either to this or to one of the closely allied species of GleicJienia from the Cretaceous of Greenland, Switzerland, and Europe.'' Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Spec- imen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Family CYATHEACE^. ♦ Thtrsopteeis grevillioides (Heer) n. comb. Fl. I, figs. 10-13. Sphenopteris (p-eviUioides Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreidc-Fl.), 1874, p. 34, pi. 11, figs. 10, 11; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, fig. 1 ; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. GreviUea fenera Yelenovsky, Fl. Bohm. Kreideforra., pt. 4, 1885, p. 11 [72], pi. 7 [30], figs. 9, 14, 16. oNeue Denksch. Schw. GeseUsch., vol. 24 (Fl. Quedlinburg) , 1872, p. 5, pi. 1, flgs. 2, 2b; Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), p. 97, pi. 26, flgs. 14, 14b. bG.comptonisfoUa (Deb. and Etts.) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. .3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 49, pi. 11, flgs. 1, 2 (=DidymosOTUS comptoniifolius Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wien Akad., etc., vol. 17, 1859, p. 186, pi. 1, flgs. 1-5). G. delicatula Heer, ibid., p. 54, pi. 9, flgs. lie, llf ; pi. 10, flgs. 16, 17. G. Naucihoffl Heer, ibid., p. 90, pi. 25, flg. 4. 32 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. These remains are undoubtedly identical with those described hj Heer from the Cretaceous of Greenland and b_y Velenovsky from the Cretaceous of Bohemia. That they belong with the ferns can hardly be questioned, and I have referred them with but little hesitation to the more modern genus Thyrsopteris rather than to the Paleozoic genus SpJienopteris, which latter is, in part at least, now included in the order Cycadofilicales. The possibility of relationship between these fragments of sterile fronds and the fertile fronds next described under the name Onoclea inquirenda (Hollick) might per- haps be suggested, but so far as the facts now in our possession are concerned any discussion of such possible relationship would be of but httle value. It may, how- ever, be pertinent to recall that several species of fertile fronds, similar in appearance to those of Onoclea, have been included b}^ Heer in the genus Thyrsopteris, refer- ences to which may be found under the discussion of Onoclea inquirenda in this monograph. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family P0LYP0DIACE.5;. Onoclea inquirenda (Hollick) n. comb. PI. I, figs. 1-7. CavJinites vnquirendus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 406, pi. 70, fig. 3. "Fruit, composed of round carpels or spores," Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 11. Remains consisting of a simple straight stem (rachis?), with pinnately arranged branchlets (pinnse?) about 1-2 centimeters in length, bearing on each side a single row of spheroidal capsules (sori?) 1-1.5 millimeters in diameter. The above amended description is given for the reason that the original descrip- tion was inadequate, having been based upon very fragmentary and incomplete material. The figure which accompanied this description is reproduced on PI. I, fig. .5. It apparently represents dismembered parts of an immature specimen. It was included by me in the monocotyledonous genus Caulinites on account of its similarity in appearance to the figures of C. fecundus Lesq.," although its probable relationsliip with the ferns was recognized, and the reference of C. fecundus to the genus Onoclea, by Knowlton,'' was mentioned. With the aid of the additional material now in our possession we are enabled to form a better idea of the general appearance of the organism and ra&j consider it and other similar remains as apparentlj^ representing the fertile fronds of ferns, and the question of botanical relationsliip is thus reduced to that of the fern genus which they most nearly resemble. Some of the smaller detached portions of our specimens resemble Osmunda petiolata Heer'' and 0. Ohergiana Heer,<^ from the Cretaceous of Greenland, and com- o Tertiary Flora, pi. 14, figs. 1-3. i Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152, p. 153. c Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. .3 (Kreide-Fl.), p. 57, pi. 3, fig8. 2c, 2d. dlbid., p. 98, pi. 26, fig. 9d. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 33 parisons may also be made with TTiyrso'pteris Murrayana (Brongt.) Heer,° T. Maa- Tciana Heer,* T. gracilis Heer '^ and Diclcsonia clavipes ■ Hear,'* from the Jurassic of Siberia. Comparisons with living species of the above genera, and with others having similar characters, indicate that our fossils most nearly resemble Onoclea, and this resemblance would seem to justify their reference to the genus, even though we have thus far failed to find any associated sterile fronds which could properly be included in it. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. I, figs. 1-4. Figs. 1-3 collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Fig. 4 collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island, PI. I, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head,' Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, fig. 6. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, fig. 7. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Order SALVINIALES. Family MAKSILEACE^. Maesilea Andeesoni Hollick. PI. I, figs. 14-18. Marsilea Andersoni Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 409, pi. 71, figs. 1-3. The figures of the specimens upon which the original description of this species was based are reproduced on PI. I, figs. 14—16, and figures of leaves of the hving Mexican species, M. Holtingiana Schaff., introduced for comparison, are shown in figs. 19-21. It may be objected that the fossil specimens appear to be simple pel- tate rather than compound leaves, but it is probable that the pressure to which they were subjected in the process of fossilization resulted in the obhteration of the lines' of demarcation between the leaflets, and this probability is strongly emphasized by the appearance of the flattened herbarium specimens, in which the borders of the overlapping leaflets are often difficult to distinguish from the nervation without the aid of a magnifying glass. Figs. 17 and 18 represent poorly preserved specimens, which might not have received any attention except for the comparison made possible by the better preserved ones first discovered. Fragmentary remains, apparently of similar appearance to ours, have been described and figured by several authors as ferns or gymnosperms, under various generic names, and one which perhaps merits critical consideration in this comiection oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 4 (Jura-FL), p. 30, gl. 1, flgs. 4b, 4c; pi. 2, figs. 1, 4, 4b; pi. 8, fig. lib. 6 Ibid., p. 31, pi. 1, fig. lb; pi. 2, figs. 5, 5b. clbid., p. 32, pi. 1, fig. S. « Ibid., p. 33, pi. 2, figs. 7, 7b. MON L — 06 3 34 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. is Cydopteris tenue-striata Heer" from the Cretaceous of Portugal, which may be more or less satisfactorily compared with our fig. 1.5. This species was subsequently referred by the same author to the genus Ginkgo and was included, with somewhat similar remains from the Cretaceous of Greenland, under the name G. tenuestriaia Heer,'' but their relationship is not very apparent, and while our species might be regarded as generically related to the former, it could hardly be so considered in con- nection with the latter. In any event the genus Marsilea would seem to be the one which possesses external leaf characters most nearly like those of the fossils. Another organism to wliich attention may be called on account of its general super- ficial resemblance to those just mentioned is Sphenoglossum^ quadrifolium Emmons,'' from the Triassic of North Carolina, a plant of uncertain botanical relationship which Fontaine subsequently suggested renaming Actinopteris quadrifoliata,'^ regarding it as probably a fernand comparing itwith A. peltata (Gopp.) Schenk.^ Ward also refers to this speciesundertheheading" Plants of doubtful affinity" in his first paper on the "Status of the Mesozoic Floras of the United States,"-'' and the figure which accom- panies his discussion is decidedly suggestive. It is unfortunate, however, that in no instance is the nervation any more clearly defined, either in the description or in the figure, than it is in ours. Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PL I, figs. 14-16. Collected by A. E. Anderson, for whom the species is named. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. I, figs. 17, 18. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sagenopteeis variabilis (Velenovsky) Venenovsky? PI. I, fig. 22. Sagenopteris variabilis (Vel.) Vel., Abh. K. Bohm. Gesellsch. Wissensch. , vol. 3 (Kvet. Cesk. Cenomanu), 1889, p. 40. TMnnfddia variabilis Vel., Gynmosp. Bohm. Kreideform., 1885, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 1-.5; pi. .3, fig. 12: HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, fig. 12. Not T. variabilis Fontaine, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 15 (Potomac or younger Mesozoic Fl.), 1889, p. 110, pi. 17, figs. 3-7; pi. 18, figs. 1-6. It is possible that this specimen should be referred to Marsilea Andersoni HolHck, the species last described, but as the nervation characters of the latter are not well defined, I have thought it advisable, pending the possible discovery of better preserved specimens, to regard them merely as closely related. Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. a Cont. Fl. Foss. Portugal, 1881, p. 45, pi. 19, fig. 5. !> Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 18S2, p. 14, pi. 2, flg. 12a. c Geol. Kept. Midland Counties North Carolina, 1856. p. 335, pi. 1, flg. 2. dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. C (Cont. Older Mesozoic Fl. Virginia). 1883, p. 121, pi. 52, fig. 3. e Foss. Fl. Grenzsch. Keupers u. Lias Frankens, 1807, p. 23, pi. 6. figs. 3-5. /Twentieth Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1898-99, pt. 2, 1900, p. 310, pi. 47, fig. 2. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 35 SPERIMATOPHYTA. Class GYMNOSPERM^^. Order CYCADALES. Family CYCADACEyE. PoDOZAMiTES LANCEOLATUS (Lindley and Hutton) Schimper. PI. II, fig. 1. Podozamites lanceolaius (Lind. and Hutt.) Sohimp., Paleont. Veg., vol. 2, 1870, p. 160. Zamia lanceolata Lindl. and Hutt., Foss. FI. Great Britain, vol. 3. 1837, pi. 194. Podozamites angustifolius (Eichwald) Schimper. Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays) , 1895 (1896), p. 44, pi. 13, fig. 2; HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 71, fig. 8. This specimen, the only perfect cycad leaf thus far found within the area covered by this work, is apparently identical with the specimen from Woodbridge, N. J., described and figured by Newberry as P. angustifolius (loc. cit.), to which species I also formerly considered our specimen to belong. A more careful comparison, how- ever, has led me to believe that these determinations were erroneous, especially after comparison with Velenovsky's figures of P. lanceolatus from the Cretaceous of Bohemia," and Heer's from the Jurassic of Siberia.* This would impty a consider- able vertical range for the species, but no greater than is known in some other per- sistent specific types, and in this connection it is of interest to record that in Alaska there has been found a fossil flora in which apparently Jurassic species of cycads are associated with undoubted Cretaceous angiosperms.'^ Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Podozamites sp. PI. VI, figs. 1-3. Podozamites sp., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 180, fig. 4; Bull. New York Bot. Gard, vol. 2, 1902, p. 401, pi. 41, figs. 8, 9. These, and a few other similar fragmentary remains, which probably repre- sent leaves of cycads, are not very abundant in our collections, although several species have been recorded from the clays and clay marls of New Jersey, by New- berry"* and by Berry," to some one or another of which ours might be referred. Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VI, figs. 1, 3. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VI, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men ia Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oGymnosp. Bohm. Kreideform., pi. 2, flgs. 11-19, 24 in part. !« Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 5 (Nachtr. .Jura-Fl. Irkutsk), 1878, pi. 5, flgs. 1-10. c Manuscript rept. by Dr. F. H. Knowltou, U. S. Geol. Survey, on specimens collected by A. J. Collier in 1902. TMs asso- ciation of floras was subsequently verifled by means ol specimens personally collected in 1903 at Collier's locality on Yukon River. ^ i Podozamites angustifolius (Eichw.) Schimp., P. acuminatus Hollick, and P. marginatus Heer. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26. 1895 (1896) (Fl. Amboy Clays), pp. 44, 4.5, pi. 13, flgs. 1-7. 'Podozamites marginatus Heer. BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 99, pi. 46, figs. 1-3. 36 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Order CONIFERALES. Family GINGKOACE^. CzEKANOwsKiA DicHOTOMA (Heer) Heer? PI. V, fig. 7. Czekanowskia dichotoma Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 18S2, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 12b, 12c : pi. 3, fig. 1. SderophylUna dichotoma Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 186S, p. 82, pi. 44, fig. 5; vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 59, pi. 17, figs. 10, 11, lib; pi. 20, fig. 6d; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 404, pi. 41, fig. 10. This specimen is too fragmentary for other than a provisional identification, but it resembles some of the dismembered specimens depicted by Heer, especially those in his figs. 10 and 11, pi. 17 (loc. cit.). Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Baiera geandis Heer? PI. II, figs. 44-46. Bawra grandis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 4. The specimens from which these figures were drawn were selected from among a number of others, all of them either fragmentarj^ or else ill defined. Fig. 44 represents a distorted specimen, in which part of the margm is bent underneath. It is there- fore of little value for comparison; but figs. 45 and 46 agree quite well with Heer's figure above quoted. Whatever genus or species may be represented bj" these remains it was evidently a more or less common element in the Cretaceous flora of this region. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Peotophyllocladus subintegeifolius (Lesquereux) Berry. I PI. V, figs. 1-6. ProtophyUodadus sulintegrifdlius (Lesq.) Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 30, 1903, p. 440; ibid., vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi. l,fig. 5. PhyUodadus suhintegiifolius Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 92. TUnnfddia Lesquereuxiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 37, pi. 44, figs. 9, 10; pi. 46, figs. l-12b; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 98, pi. 3, fig. 6; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 189.5, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. .58, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5; ibid., p. 419, pi. 36, fig. 6; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 59, pi. 11, figs. 1-17. Thinnfddia snhintegrifolia (Lesq.) Knowlton, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152, 1898, p. 228; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, figs. 13, 14. This species was evidently an important element in the Cretaceous flora of North America. It is represented in the collections of Heer from Greenland and of Lesquereux and others from the western United States. It has been found in DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 37 the clay marls of New Jersey; it is one of the most abundant species in clays of that State, and a number of specimens have been collected on Staten Island, Block Island, and Marthas Vineyard. Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. V, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, figs. 3, 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Princess Bay, Staten Island, PL V; fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci. Family PINACE^. Dammara boeealis Heer. PI. II, figs. y-U in part, 12-26 in part', 27a. Dammara horealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 54, pi. 37, fig. 5; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 17; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 402, pi. 41, fig. 6; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 46, pi. 10, fig. 8. "Seed vessels of coniferous plants," Hitchcock, Final Rept. Geol. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 430, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5. Dammara microlepis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 55, pi. 40, fig. 5; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 71, figs. 9, 10. Eucalyptus GeiniizilieeT, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6, (abth. 2), 1882, p. 93, pi. 45, figs. 4-9; pi. 46, fig. 12d; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10. Dammara Cliffwoodensis Hollick [?], Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Ga,rd., vol. 3, 1903, p. 61, pi. 48, figs. 8-11; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi. 1, fig. 11. These scale-like organisms, which are among the most abundant and charac- teristic remains found in the Cretaceous deposits of America and Europe, are referred to the genus Dammara for the sake of convenience rather than from a con- viction that this represents their true generic relationship, and this uncertainty has, if anything, been increased rather than diminished by the large amount of material which has recently been brought to light, but there seems to be but little question that all the specimens are coniferous, including those which Heer regarded as the fruit of Eucalyptus Oeinitzi (loc. cit.). Heer recognized three species of Dammara from Greenland {D. macrosperma, D. horealis, and D. microlepis), but I have found it impossible to draw any line of specific distinction in the series of similar specimens represented by our figures. Intermediate forms between the larger ones, shown in figs. 2-6, which are apparently identical with D. horealis (loc. cit.) and the smaller ones shown in figs. 23-27a, which I can not distinguish from D. microlepis (loc. cit.), might be equally well referred to either species, as may be seen by comparing these with figs. 7-22, and hence I have included all under one specific name. The first discovery of these organisms was apparently made on Marthas Vineyard and is to be credited to Edward Hitchcock, by whom they were described and fig- ured, but not named. These figures are reproduced on PI. II, figs. 12, 21, from his 38 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Final Report of the Geology of Massachusetts, vol. 2, 1841, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5, and it is interesting to recall that he recognized their probable coniferous relationships in the followTiig words (loc. cit., p. 430): Figs. 4 and .5 represent diflferent individuals of another variety of vegetable remains. * * * These are not mere impressions : but a scale of carbonaceous matter, rmxed with amber, marks the spot where the vege- table was imprisoned. The amber occupies longitudinal ridges, which in the plate are represented by white stripes. It seems to me very obvious that these remains must be the seed vessels of coniferous plants. The amber shows that they abounded in resin. * * * David White was the next tc describe and figure specimens fi'om the same locahty, in the American Journal of Science, vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 9, 10, which he referred to Eucalyptus Geiniizi Heer, remarking that the longitudinal furrows filled with resin "doubtless are the remains of gum or oil vessels, such as exist in the nuts of recent Eucah-pts." His figures are reproduced on PI. II, figs. 6, 15. A number of similar specimens were previously described and figured by Velenovsky, from the Cretaceous of Bohemia, as the fruit of Eucalyptus Geinitzi," all more or less closely associated with leaves of that species, although subsequently the same author referred what are apparently specimens of the same to Dammara lorealis Heer." Heer was liimself also apparently in doubt on the subject of their generic relationship, inas- much as he says, in regard to Dammara microlepis (loc. cit., p. 55), that it "has a resemblance to the flower buds of Eucalyptus Geinitzi." Newberry, in discussing the probable botanical relationsliip of specimens from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, on pp. 46, 47 of the Flora of the Amboy Clays (loc. cit.), says: In his Flora FossUis Arctica (loc. cit.) Professor Heer describes and figures the scales of a cone of a conifer which very much resemble those of Dammara ausiralis, and yet there are some reasons for doubting the accu- racy of his reference. It may also be said that the fruit scales which he calls Eucahjptus Oeinitzi * * * are without doubt genericaUy the same. * * * The considerations which have led me to doubt whether these cone scales are those of Dammara are that we have found no Dammara-Vike leaves associated with them, whereas in one locality in New Jersey they occur in great numbers mingled with and apparently attached to the branchlets of an e.xtremelj- delicate conifer much like Heer's Jiiniperus macilenta. * * * Another reason for doubting whether these are the scales of a species of Dammara is that in some of them traces of two seeds are apparently visible, while in Dammara there is but one seed under each scale. The association of cone scales and branchlets above mentioned was not figured, but specimens were recentty found in a collection fi'om Woodbridge, N. J., with labels in Doctor Newberry's handwriting, in which the association is well shown, and the probable identity of the branchlets with a species of Juniperus, probably J. liypnoidesHe&v, is strongly indicated,'^ although any former actual hving connection between them can not be determined. Another instance of close association of sinular scales with angiospermous leaves is described and figured by F. Krasser, under Eucalyptus Geinitzi, from the Creta- ceous of Moravia,** but the proof of any actual comiection between them is appar- ently no more satisfactory^ than in the other mstance noted, or than is indicated on our PI. II, fig. 11, where a scale of Dammara is shown superimposed on a fragment of Poacites. a Fl. Bohm. Krcidcform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 1 (62), pi. 1 (24), figs. 1, 2; pi. 2 (2.5), figs. 6-11; pi. 4 (27). flg. 13 in part. t Al)h. K. 13olim. Ocscllsch. Wis.s., vol. 3 (Kvet. Cfsk. Ccnomanu). 1SS9. p. 7, pi. 1, flgs. 28, 29. cSee PI. II, figs. 20 in part, 27b, 28. dBcitr. Pal. Ocstr.-Ung., vol. 10, pt.3 (Kreidell. Kunstuilt), 1896 , p. 134 (22), pi. 16 (6), figs. 3, 6. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 39 In view, therefore, of these conflicting facts and opinions, I have thought it advis- able, until more definite evidence may be available, to include all of these scale-like organisms under one generic name and to regard them, at least tentatively, as belong- ing with the Coniferales. In this connection I have introduced, for comparison, the type figures of Dammara (?) cUffiooodensis Hollick," which, together with the sjDeci- mens recognized under D. iorealis Heer and the two species next described, give a complete representation of these organisms thus far fpund in our vicinity. The specimens identified as D. diffwoodensis by Berry* I am inclined to consider as more properly referable to the smaller forms of D. borealis. Fmally may be noted the scales described and figured by Knowlton from the Judith River beds of Montana, under the name Dammara acicularis," which differ from most of our specimens merely in the possession of a relatively long awn at the apex. This feature, however, is not altogether wantmg m some of ours, as may be seen in PI. II, fig. 27a, and it is possible that it may have been present in the others but was not preserved, and as a matter of fact it is not indicated in Knowlton's fig. 3, which, if taken by itself, would unquestionably be regarded as a small specimen of D. iorealis. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, figs. 2-11 in part, 12, 15-22 (figs. 2-11 in part, 15-20, 22 collected by David Wliite, specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.; figs. 12, 21 collected by Edward Hitchcock). Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 14. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. II, figs. 23, 24. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Woodbridge, N. J., PI. II, figs. 25, 26 in part, 27a. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Dammara northpoetensis Hollick. PI. II, figs. 33, 34. Dammara Northportensis Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 405, pi. 70, figs. 1, 2. This species, at the time it was originally described, was thought to be peculiar to the clays at Northport, Long Island, where it was first found, but recently speci- mens have been identified from the Cretaceous clays of New Jersey, and what may be the same species from those of Kreischerville, Staten Island, where it is quite abundant. These latter discoveries, however, were made too late for detailed investigation and inclusion in this work. The only other coniferous remains found associated with them at Northport are leafy branches of Brachyphyllum macrocar- pu-m Newb., but at the other localities mentioned a number of other coniferous genera also occur. Locality : Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. a Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 128, pi. 11, figs. 5-8 (see PI. II, flgs. 29-33). t Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 61, pi. 48, flgs. 8-11. cBuU. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 257, 1905, p. 134, pi. 15, figs. 2-5. 40 FLOKA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Dammara minor n. sp. PI. II, figs. 35-37. Dammara microlepis Heer? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57, pi. 3, figs. 9a, 9b. ScaTes top-shaped to rounded kite-shaped, about 5-8 millimeters wide above by 4-5 millimeters long; resin ducts relatively large. At the time the first of these specimens were found, on Block Island, they were provisionally referred to Dammara microlepis Heer, with the following note (loc. cit., p. 57) : The specimens figured on our plate are undoubtedly referable to the organisms which have been called Dammara and Eucalyptus, from the Cretaceous of America and the Old World. The ones under consideration are, however, smaller than any which have' been previously figured, and might perhaps be referred to a new species ; but, in view of the limited amount of material and its fragmentary condition, I have thought it best to refer the specimens provisionally to Heer's species. Since then further material has been discovered m the Cretaceous clays at Kreischerville, Staten Island, and I am now satisfied that the specimens should be given a distinct specific rank. They are much smaller than any previously described, with shorter limbs, and they contain a relatively greater amount of resin. They are quite plentiful m the amber bed at Kreischerville, recently described by me." Locality: Balls Point, Block Island, PI. II, figs. 35, 36. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 37. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. PiNUS sp. PI. II, figs. 39, 47, 48. "Pinvs, sp.?" Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, figs. 13, 20, 22: Newberry Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. AmboyClays), 1895 (1896), p. 47, pi. 9, figs. 5, 6. Cones, more or less fragmentary, detached scales, and leaves, almost certainly belonging to pine trees, are abundantly represented in the Cretaceous deposits of this vicinity, especially in the clays at Kreischerville, Staten Island, but in no instance have they been found sufficiently well preserved for satisfactory identification with any described species. The fascicles of leaves appear to be in threes and the cones to be of medium size. Similar remains from the Cretaceous of New Jersey are described by Newberry (loc. cit.), and he also describes and figures the leaves as occurring in tliree-leaved fascicles, but says: "No cones have been found with them wliich could certainly be attributed to the genus Pinus, but some wliich are considerably macerated and decayed * * * may perhaps have been pine cones * * * ." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, figs. 39, 48. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. II, fig. 47. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. o Am. Naturalist, vp'. 03, 1905, pp. 137-14S. pis. 1-3. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 41 CuNNiNGHAMiTES ELEGANS (Corda) EndUcher. PI. Ill, fig. 1. Cwnninghamites degans (Corda) Endl., Sjmop. Conif., 1847, p. 270; Newbeny, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 48, pi. 5, figs. 1-7; Holliok, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 129, pi. 11, fig. 2; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 402, pi. 41, fig. 11 ; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 64 ( «) ; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 70, pi. 3, figs. 7-9, 11. OunningJmmia degans Corda, in Reuss, V^^stei^. Bohm. Kreideform. (abth. 2), 1846, p. 93, pi. 49, figs. 29-31. Tlie single specimen of this well-defined species here figured is the only one thus far found within the insular area, although it is not rare in both the Raritan and Cliff wood formations in New Jersey. It occurs in the upper Cretaceous of Europe, in the Patoot beds of Greenland, and has recently been identified from the Judith River beds of Montana," but, so far as I am aware, has never been recorded fi'om any typical Dakota group locaUty. We have generally regarded it as one of the charac- teristic eastern Cretaceous speci§s which served to indicate the closer relationship with the Cretaceous of Greenland and Europe than with that of the western United States, but this view, in the light of the above-mentioned discovery, must now be somewhat modified. Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Sequoia heteeophtlla Velenovsky. PL III, figs. 2, 3. Seguma7ieterophyUaYe\.,GymRosp. Bohm. Kreideform, 1885, p. 22, pi. 12, fig. 12; pi. 13, figs. 2-4, 6-9; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 21; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 49, pi. 6, figs. 1-13. Fragmentary remains of this species occur in the clays at KJreischerviUe, Staten Island, but thus far they have not been found elsewhere within the area covered by this monograph, although the species is abundantly represented in the Amboy clays of New Jersey, and is reported from the Potomac of Virginia and the Judith River beds of Montana. It is a characteristic element in the Cretaceous of Europe, and it is somewhat remarkable that it has not been recorded from any of the Greenland horizons. Locality: Ki-eischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Fig. 2, specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.; fig. 3, specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Sequoia ambigua Heer. PI. Ill, figs. 7, 8. Sequoia amhigua Heer, Fl.Foss.Arct., vol. 3 (abth. 2), 1874, p. 78, pi. 21, figs. 1, 2a-9a, 10a, 10c, 1 1 ; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, figs. 2, 3; Uhler, Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., vol, 1, 1892 (1901), p. 207; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. The recorded occurrence of this species within the insular area is thus far con- fined to the Gay Head locaUty, and it has not as yet been reported from any of the aKnowlton, F. H., Fossil plants of the Judith Eiver beds: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 257, 1905, p. 135, pi. 15, fig. 1. 42 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. New Jersey horizons. The relatively broad and blunt leaves serve to distinguish it however, from the other species of Sequoia with which it is associated and leave but Httle doubt in regard to its identity with the Greenland (Kome) speci- mens figured by Heer (loc. cit.) . Our specimens indeed appear to resemble the latter much more closely than do those referred to this species by Fontaine, fi-om the lower Cretaceous of Virginia." As it has not been identified in any deposits of the Old World Cretaceous, we may perhaps regard it as a Greenland-eastern North America species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sequoia Reichenbachi (Geinitz) Heer. PL II, fig. 40; PI. Ill, figs. 4, 5. Sequoia Reichenbaehi (Gein.) Heer, Fl. Foss.Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pi. 43, figs. Id., 2b, 5a, 5d,5dd, 8, 8b; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 49, pi. 9, fig. 19; Hoi. Uck, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 128, , pi. 12, figs. 3b, 5; Berrj-, Bull. New York Bot. Card., vol. 3, 1903, p. 59, pi. 48, figs. 1.5-17, 18«, 20; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 69, pi. 4, fig. 8. Araucarites BeichenbacU Gein., Charakter. Schichten u. Petref. Sachs.-Bohm. Kreidegeb., vol. 3, 1842, p. 98, pi. 24, fig. 4. Sequoia Couttsisn Hear. Holliek, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 5. The cone here included (see PI. II, fig. 40) is somewhat larger than any speci- men of the species which I have seen elsewhere depicted, and hence this reference may be questioned, but in regard to the le&ij twigs there can hardly be any doubt that they belong to the species as generally recognized. The genus Sequoia, how- ever, needs careful revision, and if this is ever done it is probable that the number of species will either be reduced or at least may undergo considerable rearrangement, as may be seen merely by comparing certain figures of five Cretaceous species so described or referred hj Heer and Lesquereux alone.'' If such a revision should result in restricting or modifying the great horizontal and vertical range now neces- sarily imphed in the recognition of the validity of some of these species, it would obviate some of the suspicions which I beheve nearly all paleobotanists have enter- tained in this connection. S. Reichenbaehi alone, as we now recognize it, has a geo- graphical distribution which includes the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Europe, and a range in time winch apparent^ includes the upper part of the Jurassic and the whole of the Cretaceous period. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. 40. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. Ill, figs. 4, 5. Collected by Arthur Holliek. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 15 (Potomac Fl.), p. 245, pi. 118, flg. 2; pi. 120, flgs. 1-6; pi. 127, flg. 5; pi. 132, fig. 3. bS. Reichenbaehi (Gein.) Heer, loc. cit. and ibid., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 12, fig. 7d; pi. 20, fig. 7a; pi. 22, flg. 5f; pi. 36, flgs. 1-8. 5. sublata Heer, ibid., pi. 34, flg. la; ibid., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 17, flg. 1. S.fastigiala (Stemb.) Heer, ibid., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 27, flgs. 6, 6; pi. 38, flg. 13. S. concinna Heer, ibid., vol. 7, pi. 51, fig. 9; pi. 53, flg. lb. S. condila Lesq., Eighth Ann. Rept. V. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1874 (1876), pi. 4, flg. 7. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 43 Sequoia fastigiata (Sternberg) Heer? PL III, fig. 15. Sequoia fastigiata (Sternb.) Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 11, pi. 1, figs. 10-13. Caulerpites fastigiatus Sternb., Verst., vol. 2, 1833, p. 23. This specimen agrees better with some of the later of Heer's figures" than it does with his original reference (loc. cit.), but the group in which it may be included — with S. gracilis Heer and S. concinna Heer — requires carefid revision and rearrangement. For this reason, and also because of the fragmentary character of our specimen and the fact that the species has heretofore been recorded from the United States only in the Dakota group of Kansas, I have thought it best to ques- tion the specific reference. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sequoia gracilis Heer? PI. Ill, fig. 14 Sequoia gracilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1S74, p. 80, pi. 18, fig. Ic; pi. 22, figs. la-5e, 7-10. This specimen is too imperfectly preserved for accurate comparison or positive identification, and it might almost equally well be referred to certain forms of S. concinna Heer,'' from memj of which it can hardly be distinguished. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sequoia sp. PI. Ill, fig. 6. Sequoia sp., HolKck, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 72, fig. 2. This specimen is manifestly too fragmentary for satisfactory specific identifica- tion, and while it might be referred to some one or another of the species in the group to which S. ReicJieniacM may be considered as belongmg, such reference could be provisional only, and I have thought it as well to merely place it under its generic name. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer. PL II, fig. 41. Sequoia concinna Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 13, pi. 49, figs. 8b, 8c; pi. 50, fig. lb; pi. 51, figs. 2-10; pi. 52, figs. 1-3; pi. 53, fig. lb. "Eucalyptus Geinitzi, flower?," White, Am. Jour. ScL, vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 11. Our figure was drawn from the same specimen as that figured by White, above quoted, which he referred provisionally to the fiower of Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, but in regard to which he remarks (loc. cit., p. 98) : "It may belong to a conifer." a Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 3, fig. 7; ibid., vol. 7, pi. 51, flg. 12; pi. 53, figs. 3, 4. t> Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, pi. 52, flgs. 2, 3. 44 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. That this latter suggestion is probably correct may be seen by comparing the figure with Heer's fig. Sc, pi. 49 (loc. cit.). Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Cone of Sequoia sp. PI. II, fig. 42. This is apparently a water-worn inner portion of a Sequoia cone, such as is fre- quently found in accumulations of vegetable debris which have been subjected to attrition b}^ water transportation. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. BEACHTPHTi.LtrM MACKOCAEPUM Newbcrry. PI. Ill, figs. 9, 10. BrachyphyUum macrocarpum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 51 (footnote), pi. 7, figs. 1-7; HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 406, pi. 70, figs. 4, 5; Beriy, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905, p. 44, pi. 2, fig. 9. Tliuites crassus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883 (1884), p. 32. BracTiyphyUum crassum Lesq., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, 1887, p. 34; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 ■ (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 5; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 51, pi. 7, figs. 1-7. Not B. crassum Tennison-Woods, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 7, 1883, p. 660. This well-defiued species occurs in the clays at Northport, Long Island, Kreisch- erville, Staten Island, South Amboy, N. J., and in the clay marl at Clifl^wood, N. J. It is hardly to be distinguished from Ecliinostrohus squammosus Vel.," and may prove to be identical with it. Locality: Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected b}' Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. WiDDRiNGTONiTES Reichii ( Ettinghauseii) Heer. PI. IV, figs. 6-S. Widdrinfftordtes Reichii (Etts.) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 51, pi. 28, fig. 5; Newberry, Mon U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 57, pi. S, figs. 1-5. Frenelites Reichii Etts., Kreidef. Niederschoena, 1867, p. 246, pi. 1, figs. lOa-lOc; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 29, pi. 1, fig. 23; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. This species, originally described from the Cretaceous of Saxony, is very abun- dant in the clays of New Jersey and at lireischerville, Staten Island, and it is also represented ia the collections made on Marthas Vineyard. It is one of the species which may be regarded as indicating the close equivalence of the Cretaceous of eastern North America with that of Greenland and Europe, rather than with that of the western United States, whence it has not as yet been recorded. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. IV, figs. 6, 7. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. TV, fig. 8. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. a Gymnosp. Bohm. Kreideform., p. 16, pi. 6, figs. 3. 6-S. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. - 45 WiDDEINGTONITES SXJBTILIS Heer. PI. IV, figs. 2-5. Widdnngtonites suUilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 101, pi. 28, figs. 1-lc; HoUick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 57, pi. 10, figs. 2-4. WiMringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer? HoUick, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 58, pi. 3, fig. 8. This species, unlike W. Reichii, appears to be restricted in its geographical distribu- tion to Greenland and the eastern United States, although certain of the coniferous remains from the Cretaceous of Bohemia, referred by Velenovsky to Cyparissidium minimum Vel."^ and to Juniperus macilenta Heer,^ present a striking superficial resemblance to it. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IV, figs. 2-4. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. IV, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. WiDDEINGTONITES FASCICULATUS U. Sp. PI. IV, fig. 1. Branches and branchlets thick and inflated, the latter terminating in relatively short fascicles of deli- cate, minutely-leaved twigs. Tliis specimen has somewhat the appearance of a certain form of W. suUilis Heer,'' in regard to which he says (loc. cit., p. 101) : In many specimens the twigs are more closely -grouped. * > * * They, and also the leaves, are strongly appressed, on account of which the plant presents a different appearance. I at first took it to be a Trichomanes, until a more exact investigation convinced me that it represented the closely fascicled twigs of W. suhtilis, on which, with a magnifying glass, one could see the small appressed leaves. Our specimen, however, appears to be so distinctive that it seems to be deserving of a new specific name, under which, if thought advisable, Heer's figure above referred to might be included. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Frenelopsis Hoheneggeei (Ettingshausen) Schenk? PI. IV, figs. 9, 10. Frenelopsis HoJieneggeri (Etts.) Schenk, Palaeontog., vol. 19 (Heft. I), 1869, p. 13, pi. 4, figs. 5-7; pi. 5, figs. 1, 2; pi. 6, figs. 1-6; pi. 7, fig. 1; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 58, pi. 12, figs. 4, 5; Hollick, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 410, pi. 72, fig. 1; Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 71, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10. Thuites Hoheneggeri Etts., Abh. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., vol. 1 (abth. 3, no. 2), 1852, p. 26, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7. These remains are so indefinite that I have merely referred them provisionally to this species, and in this I have been largely influenced by the fact that similar remains, found ia the clays and clay marls of New Jersey, have been so referred by Newberry and Berry (loc. cit.) aGymnosp. Bohm. Kreidetorm., p. 19, pi. 10, flg. 4. 6 Ibid., p. 29, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4, 6; pi. 12, flg. 1. cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), pi. 28, flg. Ic. 46 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Locality: Center Island, Oyster Bay, Long Island, PI. IV, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IV, fig. 10. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. MoRicoNiA CYCLOTOXON Dcbey and Ettingshausen. PI. Ill, figs. 16, 17. Moriconia cydotoxon Deb. and Etts., Denkschr. Wieu Akad., vol. 17, 1S59, p. 239, pi. 7, figs. 23-27; New- berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol, 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 55, pi. 10, figs. 11-21; Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 57, pi. 3, fig. 10; ibid, p. 418, pi. 37, fig. 8; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. vol. 3, 1903, p. 65, pi. 43, fig. 4; pi. 48, figs. 1-4; BuU. Torrey Bot. Club,'vol.31,1904, p. 70. Tins well-marked species is not uncommon in the clays at Kreischerville and sparingly elsewhere on Staten Island and on Block Island. In New Jersey, both in the clays and in the clay marls, it is abundantly represented. In common with Wid- dringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer, it may be regarded as one of the conifers peculiar to the Cretaceous of eastern North America, Greenland, and Europe, as it has not 'yet been recorded fi'om any locality in the western United States. Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. Ill, fig. 16. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Black Eock Point, Block Island, PI. Ill, fig. 17. Collected by Arthur Hol- hck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. CYPAEissmniM GRACiLE (Hcer) Heer?. PI. Ill, fig. 11. Gyparissidium gracUe (Heer) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 74, pi. 17, figs. 5b, 5c; pi. 19, figs. 1-10: pi. 20, figs. Id, le; pi. 21, figs. 9b, lOd. Widdringtonites gracilis Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pi. 43, figs, le, lee. If, Ig, 3c. "Sequoia Beichenhachi Gein?" HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, pi. 1, fig. 18. This is not a very satisfactory specimen upon which to base any conclusions, and it seems wiser to merely refer it provisionally to this species without comment or discussion. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Ai'thur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci. JuNiPEEUS HTPNOiDES Heer. PI. II, figs. 26 in part, 27b, 28; PI. Ill, figs. 12-13a. Juniferus hypnoides Heer, Fl. 'Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 47, pi. 44, figs. 3, 4; pi. 46, fig. 18; Hol- lick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 29, pi. 1, fig. 1; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 403, pi. 41, figs. 7, 7a. Junipe'rus macOenta Heer. Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 54, pi. 10, fig. 7. Eemains of tliis delicate httle conifer are abundant in the clays at Kreischer- ville, Staten Island, and in those of New Jersey. It is possible that among these DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 47 more than one species may be represented, and Newberry has referred certain speci- mens to J. macilenta Heer (loc. cit.), as may be found discussed in this monograph under Dammara horealis Heer (see p. 38), but I have been unable to consider them as distinct from J. Jiypnoides. In fact, I am inchned to think that these two species of Juniperus may very well be joined together, as the specific distinctions between them are more or less vague. The vertical range of both species is practically identical, but macilenta only has been recognized in the Old World. Locality: Woodbridge, N. J., PI. II, figs. 26 in part, 27b, 28. Specimens in Mus' New York Bot. Gard. Ki-eischerville, Staten Island, PL III, fig. 12. Collected by Mr. William T. Davis. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai'ts and Sci. Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. Ill, figs. 13, 13a. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Cone scale of a Conifer? PL 11, fig. 38. This little cone scale is well defined, and yet- it does not seem to be identifiable with that of any described species, and apparently should not be included with any of the cone scales described under the genus Dammara, but is somewhat suggestive of that of certain cycads. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Class ANGIOSPERMvE. Subclass MONOCOTYLEDON.^. Order PANDANALES. Family TYPHACEiE. Typha sp. PI. VI, figs. 4-6. Typha? Hollick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1S94, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 9. These fragments apparently represent remains similar to those which it has been the custom of paleobotanists to refer to the genus Typha, mostly from Tertiary horizons." Any attempt, however, either to describe or to identify our specimens specifically does not seem to be advisable. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VI, figs. 4, 5. Collected by David White. Specimens ia U. S. Nat. Mus. Lloyd Neck, I^ong Island, PI. VI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. 1 Typha latissima Al. Br. Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 141, pi. 23, flgs. 4, 4a, etc. 48 FLOKA OF SOUTHEKN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Order GRAMINALES. Family POACE.E. POACITES Sp. PI. II, fig. 11 in part; PI. VI, figs. 9-11. PoacUes? Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, figs. 2, 12; BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pi. 73, fig. 1. The fragments of linear, finely parallel- veined leaves, represented in our fig- ures, are referred to the genus Poacites for the reason that most authorities, in describing similar remains from Cretaceous and Tertiary horizons, have included them imder that generic name." Any attempt at specific identification, however, would manifestly not be advisable. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. II, fig. H m part. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PL VI, figs. 9-1 L Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Family CTPEnACEM. Cyperacites sp. PI. \1, figs. 7, 8. Cyperites ? Hollick, BuE. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 3. These remains are apparently generically identical with numerous similar ones which have been described as species of Cyperacites or Cyperites from both Cretaceous and Tertiary horizons,^ but satisfactory specific identification of our specimens is not possible. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Fig. 7 collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Fig. 8 collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Order LILIALES. Family LILIACEiE. Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer. PI. VI, fig. 12. MajantJiemophyUum puMum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 18, pi. 55, figs. 17, 17b; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 7. This specimen is retained ia the systematic position in which it was originally included, not because of any conviction that this is correct, but largely to avoid change and possible confusion. It is apparently a fragmentary monocotyledonous leaf, very similar to Heer's species. Locality: Kreischervfile, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. aP. borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), p. 86, pi. 24, fig. 5; P. mengeanus Heer, Mioc. Bait. Fl., p. 69, pi. 15, figs. 2-11; P. arundinarius Etts., Foss. Fl. Bilin (pt. 1), p. 24, pi. 5, figs. 3-5, 16, etc. i Cyperacites arclicus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Krcide-Fl.), p. 86, pi. 12, fig. 4b; C. hyperboreus Heer, ibid., pi. 24, figs. 4, 4b; Cyperites deperditus Wat., Fl. Foss. Bass. Paris, p. 69, pi. IS, fig. 3; C borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 1, p, 96, pi. 45, figs. 3, 3b; C. Haydenii Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 140, pi. 23, figs. 1-3, etc. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 49 Subclass DICOTYLEDONS. Series I. CHORIPETAL^^. Order SALICALES. Family SALICACEyE. PoPTJLUS HARKERiANA Lesquereux. PI. VII, fig. 31. Popidus harkeriana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 44, pi. 46, fig. 4; HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 36, fig. 8. I was at first inclined to question the positive identification of this specimen, on account of the uncertainty in regard to the character of the margin throughout. The portion which is preserved, however, as well as the other features of form and nervation, seems to leave but little doubt in regard to its identity. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. PoPULUS? APicuLATA Newbcrry. PI. VII, figs. 28, 29. Popidusf apicidata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Sui-vey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 65, pi. 15, figs. 3, 4; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 3, fig. 2. The identity of our fig. 28 with this species may be questioned, on account of its fragmentary character, but fig. 29 presents all of the essential features of the species, which heretofore was not definitely known to occur elsewhere than in the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 28. Collected by Oilman S. Stanton. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VII, fig. 29. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. PoPXJLUS STYGiA Hecr? PI. VII, fig. 30. Popidus stygia Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 107, pi. 29, fig. 10. Tlois specimen, on account of its fragmentary character, must necessarily be refeiTed with a query to Heer's species, although it matches it almost exactly. In both figures only the base of the leaf is preserved, and it must be admitted that this is indicative of a Liriodendron even more than it is of a Populus, and if it were not for the apparent identity with Heer's figure I should be inclined to regard it as belong- ing to the former genus and to compare it with L. oblongifolium Newb." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), pi. 52, flgs. 1-5. MON L — 06 4 50 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Aments of popultjs sp. PI. Vn, figs. 16-18. "Ament * * * probably a ^oZkc or a PojwZms," Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 6. These rather questionable remains were found at both Gay Head and Glen Cove, and a few additional fragments are also included among the specimens not figured. They apparently represent dismembered catkins or aments and maj" be compared quite satisfactorily Avith those of Populus, although they have not been found closely associated with any leaves of that genus. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VII, fig. 16. Collected by At-thur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VII, figs. 17, 18. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Salix membranacea Newberry. PI. VIII, figs. 10, 23. SdLix membranacea Newb., Annals New York Lj'c. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 19; Mon. U. S. Geol. Sun-ey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 59, pi. 2, figs. 5-8a; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 66, pi. 29, Fig. 12. Sd-a: Mattewanensis Beriy, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 68, pi. 51, fig. 5 (?). Although these specimens differ considerably in size and also in shape, these differences are no greater than are shown in Newberry's figures (loc. cit.) . Our fig. 10 is comparable wath Newberry's figs. 6 and 8 and out fig. 23 with. Newberry's figs. 5, 7. I am inclined to think that two species may be represented by these two forms, but as it was Newberry's evident intention to include them under the one species I have done the same, although it is probable that our fig. 23 may ultimately be relegated to S. mattewanensis Berry, loc. cit. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL VIII, fig. 10. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. 23. Collected by Ai'thur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Salix cuneata Newberry. PI. VII, figs. 26, 27; PI. VIII, fig. 7. Salix cuneata Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 21; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 55, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. "SoLkc, sp.?" Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 16. Myrica Imga Heer, Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 38, fig. 6. It is with some hesitation that I have decided to group these three specimens together under this species, as they present some slight differences in the angle of nervation and in their basal outlines, but similar slight differences may also be seen in the two specimens figured by Newberry. It may also be noted that our speci- DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 51 mens, especially fig. 26, bear a strong resemblance to the leaves referred by Les- quereux to Myrica longa Heer," with which species I was at first inclined to include them. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 26. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Arrochar, Staten Island, PL VII, fig. 27. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 7. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Salix Meekii Newberry. PI. VIII, figs. Ic, S, 9. Salix Meekii Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 19; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 3; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 130, pi. 13, figs. 3, 4; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 404, pi. 41, fig. 1. Myrsine elongata Newb. HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p.i420, pi. 38, fig. 4c. From the biological point of view the wisdom of attempting to maintain the specific or varietal rank of all the numerous described forms of Salix included in this monograph wUl doubtless be criticised, but for geological reasons . it may be convenient at times to designate a certain form by a distinctive name and to com- pare it with a figure so named, from some particular locality or horizon. The fact should never be lost sight of that in stratigraphic work the positive identification of a specimen with a named figure is of far greater importance than the question whether the name represents its correct botanical relationsliips, and any change in nomenclature may often lead to serious confusion in this connection. By reason of these considerations I have therefore made as few changes in nomenclature as possible. Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. Ic. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VIII, fig. 8. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vinej^ard, PI. VIII, fig. 9. CoUected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Salix peote^folia flexuosa (Newberry) Lesquereux. PL VIII, figs. 5, 6a; PI. XXXVII, fig. 8b. Salix protexfolia var. fiexuosa Lesq., |Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 50, pi. 64, figs. 4, 5; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 50, pi. 174, fig. 5; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 59, pi. 4, fig. 5a; Berry, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 67, pi. 48, fig. 12; pi. 52, fig. 2. Salix fiexuosa Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 21; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35 (Later E.xt. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 56, pi. 2, fig. 4; pi. 13, figs. 3, 4; pi. 14, fig. 1. Dewalquea Ealdemiana (Deb.) Sap. et Mar. HoUiek, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 2, figs. 2a, 10. I am inclined to tliink that the recognition of this and other forms of S. protese- folia by Lesquereux as varieties was hardly warranted by the slight differences — t ■ ■ — iMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 3, figs. 1-6. 52 FLOEA OF SOUTHEKN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. which they present, and that in any revision of the genus these and perhaps some recognized species might be grouped together, but inasmuch as the several forms with which our specimens may be compared have been described and figured under different varietal or specific names, I have thought it best to so refer them m tliis monograph, wliich is essentially stratigraphic rather than biologic in its scope and purpose. Locality: Sea ChflE, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 5. CoUected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. VIII, fig. 6a. Collected by Arthur Hol- hck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PL XXXVII, fig. 8b. CoUected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Salix prote^folia lanceolata Lesquereux. PI. VIII, figs, la, 2-4. Salix protexfolia var. lanceolata Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Sui-vey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 50, pi. 64, figs. 6-8; Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 59, pi. 4, fig. 4. Salix protexfolia Lesq. Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. Salix inxqiialis Newb.? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 38, fig. 4a; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49. In connection with these figures the sana.e or similar criticisms may be made as in connection with the discussions of other closely related forms of Salix included in this monograph, m wliich varietal and specific names are to be regarded more as convenient designations than as names wliich are necessarily botanicaUy correct in their systematic arrangement. Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PL VIII, fig. la. CoUected by Arthur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Black Rock Point, Block Island, PL VIII, fig. 2. CoUected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Viaeyard, PL VIII, figs. 3, 4. CoUected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Salix protejEfolia linearifolia Lesquereux? PI. VIII, fig. 12. Salix proteafolia var. linearifolia Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 49, pi. 64, figs. 1-3. It is exceedingly difficult to distinguish the differences between the several varietal forms included by Lesquereux m this species " and others referred to Salix cuneata Newb.* and S. Meekii Newb.,'^ and the specimen now under consideration might perhaps be regarded, by reason of its expanded base, as yet another variety or species. As, however, it is not perfect, I have thought that it would not be advisable to make it the basis for the description of a new form. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Viaeyard. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. a Var. fiexuosa, loc. cit., p. 50, pi. 64, flgs. 4, 5. Var. lanceolata, ibid., flgs. fr-8. Var. longifolia, ibid., flg. 9. 6 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 3& (Later Ext. Fl. N. \m.), 1898, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. clbid., pi. 2, flg. 3. DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 53 Salix pubpuroides Hollick. PI. VIII, fig. 11. Sdlix parpvToHes Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub; vol. 21, 1894, p. 50, pi. 174, fig. 9. This leaf, by reason of its small size, long tapering base, and relatively broad upper part, was regarded as worthy of a distinct specific designation. The type specimen here figured is the only one thus far found. Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Salix sp. PL VIII, fig. 13. Salix, sp? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 15. This fragment is more than likely to be a portion of a leaf of some described species or variety of S'aHa;,butitis too imperfectfor more thanageneric identification. Locality: Kreischerville, Stateh Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Order MYRICALES. Family MYRICACE.E. Myrica Davisii Hollick. PI. VII, fig. 25. Myrim Damsii Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 3. This species, except in its smaller size, hardly differs from Myrica longa (Heer) , '' and might perhaps be identified with it, as may be seen by comparison with Heer's fio-. 4 (loc. cit) , but as our specimen was originally described under a distinct specific name I have not thought it advisable to make any change. The type specimen here figured is the only one thus far found. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by William T. Davis. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Myrica Hollicki Ward. PI. VII, fig. 24. Myrica HoUieki Ward, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, 1893, p. 437. Myrica grandifolia Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pl. 3, fig. 1. Not M. grandifolia (Ung.) Schimp., Pal. Veg., vol. 2, 1872, p. 559. The type specimen of this species here figured is the only one thus far found, and, although imperfectly preserved, it shows well-marked characters sufficient to separate it from any other described species. The specific name originally apphed to it was found to be preoccupied, and Dr. Lester F. Ward, who first noted this fact, proposed to substitute the name which is here adopted. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. aProteoides Umgus Heer, Fl. Foas. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-FI.), p. 110, pl. 29, fig. 8b; pl. 31, figs. 4, 5. 54 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEJs^ NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Mthica Zenkeei (Ettingshausen) VelenoTsky? PL VII, fig. 23. Myrica Zerikeri (Etts.) Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform, part 2, 18S3, p. 13 (3S), pi. 3 (11), figs. 1-9. Dryandroides Zenkeri Etts., Kreidefl. Niederschoena, 1867, p. 257j pi. 3, figs. 1, 3, 11. Whatever may "be thought of the identity of our fragment with the original figures of Ettingshausen (loc. cit.) there is no question that it bears a striking resem- blance to some of the specimens figured by Velenovsky (loc. cit., figs. 3, 4), andalso to some extent with CelastrophyUum angustifolium Newb. " In Newberry's dis- cussion of this latter species, however, he refers to the figures of Ettingshausen and Velenovsky and says (loc. cit., p. 101): "Though perhaps generically identical — but rather as Oelastrophyllum than Myrica — specifically our leaves are distract." Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected hj David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Ajient of Myrica sp. PL VII, fig. 22. This organism apparently consists of an elongated aggregation of roimded, punctate or roughened fruits or seeds. These latter have much the appearance of Oarpolithes patootensis Heer/ m regard to which he says (loc. cit.): "They belong perhaps to Myrica," and considers them as identical with similar seeds previously described as belongiag to this genus.'' The fact that our specimens appear to be rough, while Heer's are described as smooth, may, however, be due to the character of the matrix. Our specimen, although somewhat larger, bears also a stiiking resemblance to Myricanthium amentaceum Vel.,'* especially when compared with ids fig. 26 (loc. cit.), and to Heer's fruit of Myrica figured in Flora Fossihs Arctica, vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 46, fig. 26, and his M. thulemis in Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Ki-eide- FL), 1874, pi. 31, fig. Ic. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Order JUGLANDALES. Family JUGLANDACE^E. JuGiANS AKCTiCA Heer. PL IX, figs. &-8. Juglans arctica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 71, pi. 40, fig. 2; pi. 41, fig. 4c; pi. 42, figs, la, lb, 2a, 2b; pi. 43, fig. 3; Newberry,Mon. U.S.Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl.Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 62, pi. 20, fig. 2; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 58,'pL 3, fig. 7; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49. Ficus atavina Heer? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 5. This species and the one next considered are not very satisfactorily difieren- tiated from each other by Heer, as may be seen by a comparison of his figures; and those who have attempted to identify specimens with one or another of these species aMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 100, pi. 14, figs. 8-17. h Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 46, pi. 64, fig. 13. cKreide-Fl. Quedlinburg, 1872, p. 11, pi. 3, figs. 15-18. iJ Abh. K. Bolun. Gesellscli. Wissensch., vol. 3 (Kvet. Cesk. Cenomanu), 1889, p. 16, pi. 2, flgs. 24-26. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 55 do not appear to have been entirely successful, as may be seen by comparing Heer's figures (loc. cit.) with those so referred by Lesquereux" and by Newberry (loc. cit.), although the latter, it should be noted, made the identification provisional only. Fig. 8 is apparently a portion of an anient, such as are figured by Heer (loc. cit., pi. 42, figs, lb, 2b), and included with the leaves under the same specific name. The difference, however, between these and the similar aments which he includes imder Myrica longa^ is very slight, and they may all belong to the same species. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. IX, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus, Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IX, fig. 7. Collected by David White. Specimen m U. S. Nat. Mus. Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. IX, fig. S. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard. JuGLANs CRASsiPES Heer. pi. rS, figs. 3-5. Juglans crassipes Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissench.,vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 23, pi. 6, fig. 3; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 175, fig. 3. Juglans arctica Heer« HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 178, fig. 2. These specunens, while they do not compare very satisfactorily with Heer's type figures (loc. cit.), or with the specunens subsequently figured,*^ are apparently identical with those referred to this species by Lesquereux.** Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 3. Collected by G. Hurst. Specimen in Mus. Long Island Hist. Soc. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. IX, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Juglans elongata n. sp. PI. XI, figs. 3, 4. Laurus OmaaH Sap. et Mar., HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 176, fig. 3. Leaf about 2 decimeters long, narrowly ovate-lanceolate in outline, sUghtly unsyrmnetrical and roimded at the base, tapering to the apex; margin entire and somewhat sinuous; midrib strong, somewhat flexuous, and curved at the base; secondary nerves numerous, forming angles of about 45° with the midrib, somewhat more obtuse near the base, curving rather sharply and extending upward near the margin where the extremities thin out and anastomose; tertiaiy nervation mostly irregular and branching, but in general at nearly right angles to the secondaries throughout. This is apparently a well-defined species of Juglans which is different from any Cretaceous species heretofore described, but is strikingly similar to J. Schimperi Lesq.,^ especially when compared with specimens described and figured by me from u Hon. U. S. Geo!. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 19, flg. 3; pi. 39, fig. 5. IFl. Joss. Arct., vol. 6 (abtli. 2), pi. 41, fig. 4b. cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, pi. 61, flg. 4; pi. 65, flg. 9. fiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), pi. 49, flgs. 1-3. e Tert. Fl., p. 287, pi. 56, flgs. 5-10. 56 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. the Eolignitic of Louisiana." It is possible that the leaf which Newberry refers provisionally to J. arctica Heer, from the Cretaceous of New Jersey,* may represent a broad leaflet of our species, but their identity is. too uncertain to warrant anythuig more than incidental mention. Locality: Sea Cliflf, Long Island, El. XI, fig. 3. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XI, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. . Order FAGALES. Family FAGACE^E. QuEECUS MORRisoNiANA Lesqucrcux. PI. VIII, fig. 14. Quercus Morrisoniana Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 40, pi. 17, figs. 1,2; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 131, pi. 13, figs. 11, 12; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pi. 73, fig. 5. This well-defined Dakota group species is represented in our collefctions by the single specimen here figured, although it has been found in the clay marl at Cliff- wood, N. J. I am inclined to believe that I have also identified it in certain speci- mens from the Amboy clays, but am not sufficiently certain in this respect to include it in the table of distribution for that horizon. Locality: Center Island, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. QuEECus ( ?) Nov^-CESAEE^ Hollick. El. VIII, figs. 15, 16. Quercus (?) Novie-Csesareie. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 131, pi. 13, figs. 9, 10; Berry, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 72, pi. 51, fig. 4 [?]. It is unfortunate that both of our specimens, as well as the type specimens from Cliffwood, N. J., are imperfect, -none of them showing the characters of the apex; but the general outline, base, and nervation are all identical, and there can be no question that all should be included under one species, so far as maj' be judged from the characters that are preserved. The question of generic relation- ship is one which may very well be left open, however, and the reference to Quercus be regarded as provisional only. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. QuEECUs sp. PI. VIII, fig. 17. This specimen is apparently a portion of an oak leaf, or possibly of a Platanus, but it is too fragmentary^ for any more exact determination. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. oGeol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. 1899 (1900), Special Rept. No. 5, p. 280, pi. 32, fig. 5; pi. 33, flgs. 1, 2; pi. 35, flg. 3. 6Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), p. 62, pi. 20, fig. 2. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. - 57 Order URTICALES. Family ULMACE.E. Planera bettjloides n. sp. PL Vm, fig. 22. Leaf elliptical-ovate in outline, 6.5 centimeters long by 2.3 centimeters wide in the middle, coarsely cre- nate-dentate above, entire below; secondary nervation alternate, sparse, diverging from the midrib at acute angles and terminating in the marginal dentitions, lower pair branched from beneath, the branches terminating in the lower dentitions. This specimen, although larger, is similar in its general appearance to Planera Enowltoniana Hollick," and is almost exactly comparable, except in size, with Betula tremula Heer,^ as may be seen by comparing our specunen with the enlarged figure of the latter species (loc. cit., fig. 9). Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family MORACEvE. Ficus MYRicoiDES Hollick. PI. XI, figs. 8, 9. Ficus myricoides Hollick in Newb. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1896 (1896), p. 71, pi. 32, fig. 18; pi. 41, figs. 8, 9. It is with some hesitation that I have decided to refer these specimens to this species, especially when comparmg the base of our fig. 9 with the corresponding part of Newberry's fig. 18 (loc. cit.) ; but inasmuch as this latter figure was mcluded with some doubt in the species (loc. cit.), and the other figures compare with ours quite satisfactorily, the reference appears to be justified. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XI, fig. 8. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XI, fig. 9. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Ficus fracta Veler^ovsky. PI. XI, fig. 7. Ficus fracta Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 10 (71), pi. 8 (31), fig. 15. Aralia transversinervia Sap. et Mar. Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 176, fig. 1. This is apparently the only record of the occurrence of this species in America, but a comparison with Velenovsky's figure seems to justify the reference, and the geologic horizon from which his species was obtamed is known, by reason of other unquestioned species, to be the approximate geologic equivalent of that in which ours was found. Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen m Mus. New York Bot. Gard. o Newberry, Mon. U. .«. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896) p. 69, pi. 42, figs. 1-4. Ilia Foss. Arct., vol. 7, p. 21, pi. .W, fig. Ic; pi. 55, fig. 9. 58 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Ficus ATAYiNA Heep. PI. X, figs. 4-6. Ficus atamna Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 69, pi. 11, figs. 5b, 7b, 8b; pi. 17, fig. 8b; pi. 19, fig. lb; pi. 20, figs. 1, 2; Beriy, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 75, pi. 1, figs. 8, 9; pi. 3, fig. 6., Ficus proiogiea Heer., Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 108, pi. 29, fig. 2b; pi. 30, figs. 1-8 (not F. proto^aa Ettingshausen, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. CI., vol. 55, 1867, p. 249, pi. 2, fig. 5); HoUiok, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 51, pi. 175, fig. 4. This well-defiiied species of Ficus was originally called F. protogxa by Heer; but inasmucli as Ettingshausen bad previously used tbe name for an apparently different species Heer subsequently renamed his species F. atavina, acknowledging his oversight in the matter. The species is common to the Atane and Patoot beds •of Greenland, and it has been found on Marthas Vineyard, Long Island, and at Cliffwood, N. J. So far as our present laiowledge is concerned its distribution seems to be confined to Greenland and eastern North America. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. X, figs. 4, 5. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. X, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Ficus Keatjsiana Heer. PI. IX, fig. 9; PI. X, figs. 1-3. Ficus Krausiana Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 15, pi. 5, figs. 3-6; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 59, pi. 3, fig. 1. Ficus atavina Heer ? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, figs. 4, 6. This species is hardly separably from F. BecJcwifhii Lesq.," and in some speci- mens it is almost impossible to determine to wliich species they should be referred. For this reason I have included all of ours under the older specific name. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. PI. IX, fig. 9; PI. X, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Ga}^ Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. X, fig. 1. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Southeast Point, Block Island, PI. X, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. FicxTS SAPiNDiroLiA Hollick. ' PI. XI, figs. 1, 2. Ficm sajrindifolia Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 411, pl. 78, fig. 5. This species has some of the characters of Ficus magnolisefolia Lesq.,* but is more unsymmetrical and in this respect is suggestive of the genus Sapindus, as indicated in the specific name. It may also be seen to have certain points of resem- blance to F. BecJcwithii Lesq.,'= but is broader and has a more robust midrib. The type specimen is represented by our fig. 1 . oCret. and Tert. Fl., p. 46, pl. 16, fig. 5; pl. 17, figs. 3, i. b Cret. and Tert. Fl., p. 47, pl. 17, figs. 5, 6. cCret. and Tert. Fl., p. 46, pl. 16, fig. 5; pl. 17, figs. 3, 4. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 59 Locality: Mott Point, Maiiliassett Neck, Long Island, PI. XI, fig. 1. Col- lected by A. E. Anderson. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XI, fig. 2. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. FiCTJS WiLLisiANA Hollick. PI. IX, figs. 1, 2. Ficus WaUsiana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 176, figs. 2, 5; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49. These two figures are reproductions of the original figures of the type speci- mens, which are the only ones thus far discovered. The leaf was evidently one of the largest in the entire insular flora, so far as known, and it is unfortunate that the fragmentary nature of the specimens give us merely an indication of the actual size of the leaf, which apparently was not less than 8 inches in length. Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 1. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. IX, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Ficus Woolsoni Newberry? PL XI, figs. 5, 6. Ficus Woolsoni Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 70, pi. 20, fig. 3; pi. 23, figs. 1-6; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 33, pi. 2, fig. 1; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 419, pi. 37, fig. 9; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 74, pi. 47, fig. 7. These fragmentary specimens are referred provisionally to this species, largely for the want of a better place in which to put them; it is evident, however, that this reference must be regarded as purely tentative. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. XI, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Order PROTEALES. Family PROTEACE^. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. PI. XII, figs. 1-5. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr«t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 17, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 52, pi. 177, fig. 1; Ries, Sch. Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, p. 354; New- berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 72, pi. 17, figs, 8, 9; pi. 32, figs. 11, 13, 14; pi. 33, fig. 3; pi. 41, fig. 15. Many of the numerous leaf forms which have been referred to this species from time to time by different authorities seem somewhat questionable when comparison is made with Heer's original figures (loc. cit.), but there is no doubt that our speci- mens are identical with several which have been so referred,'' and it would not be oLesquereux, Cret. Fl., pi. 16, figs. 1, 2; Newberry, Fl. Amboy Clays, pi. 17, fig. 9; pi. 32, fig. 13, etc. 60 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. advisable now to disturb these references and thus to cause confusion. I am also inclined to think that the leaf which Lesquereux calls Ficus proteoides'^ should be included mth this species and all perhaps be placed in the genus Ficus. This change, however, would necessarily lead to an extended revision and rearrangement which would be out of place in this work. Mr. Edward W. Berry has discussed the subject in a recent paper on "A Ficus confused with Proteoides,"^ in which views similar to the above are expressed and the change of name to Ficus daphnogenoides (Heer) is definitely proposed, but from the practical point of view of the geologist the fact of identity between specimens is of far greater importance than the deter- mination of their probable botanical affinities. ' Even if all the doubtful forms should be excluded, however, there would yet remain a large number identical with each other — sufficient to indicate that the species was a widely distributed and important element in the Cretaceous flora of North America. Mr. Berry has included in the species a number of specimens found in the clay marl at Cliffwood, N. J.," but their identity with what I regard as* representative specimens of the species as now recognized appears to be open to question. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XII, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XII, figs. 3, 4. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sea Chff, Long Island, PI. XII, fig. 5. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Drtandroides quercinea Velenovsky. PI. VIII, figs. 18, 19. Dryandroides quercinea Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 2, 1883, p. 8 (33), pi. 2 (10), figs. Sa-15. These specimens do not compare satisfactorily with all of Velenovsky's figures, but they are sufficiently like his fig. 12 (loc. cit.) to warrant the reference. They may also perhaps be compared with Dryophyllum (Quercus) Holmesii Lesq.,"^ except that in ours the dentition is coarser. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Banksites Saportanus Velenovsky. PI. VIII, figs. 20, 21. Bariksiies Saportanus Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 2, 1883, p. 7 (32), pi. 1 (9), figs. 18-20. CdaslrophyUum Benedeni Sap. et Mar., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 3. It is perhaps somewhat hazardous to attempt a definite identification from such fragments as those which are represented by our figures, especially as the species, so far as I am aware, has not been reported from elsewhere in America, but the close resemblance to Velenovsky's figures of specimens from the Cretaceous of Bohemia seems to justify the reference. "Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 77, pi. 12, fig. 2. 6 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905, pp. 327-330, pi. 21. c Bull. New York Bot. Card., vol. 3, 1903, p. 74, pi. 51, figs. &-9. d Cret. and Tcrt. Fl., p. 38, pi. 4, flg. 8. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 61 Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VIII, fig. 20. Collected by David White. Specimen m U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. VIII, fig. 21. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Order RANALES. Family -N YMPILEACE^. Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick. PL Xm, figs. 1^; PI. XIV, figs. 1, 2; PI. XV; PI. XVI, figs. 1-6. Ndumho Kempii (Hollick) Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 412, pi. 74, figs. 1, 2; pi. 75; pi. 76; pi. 77, fig. 1. Sermopsis Kempii HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub, vol. 20, 1893, p. 169, pi. 149; ibid., p. 334, pi. 166; Fifty- fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49. When first described, the specimens upon which the descriptions were based were thought to represent a palm, and the generic name Serenopsis was given to them. The type figures are reproduced on PI. XIII. Specimens subsequently discovered, however, showed beyond doubt that they were not a palm, but a species of Nelumbo, and that the species was similar to, if not identical with, Nelum- .Uum arcticum Heer,'' the figure of which is reproduced on PI. XVI, fig. 7, for comparison. Considerable difference may be noticed between our specimens, but it hardly seems advisable to consider them otherwise than as belonging to a single species. The only other representative of the genus which has been recorded from this vicinity is N. primxva Berry,^ from the Cretaceous clay marl at Cliffwood, N. J., although Mr. Berry has informed me that he has found specimens, which he thinks may be identical with ours, from a lower horizon than that at Clifi'wood, near Morgans, N. J. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XIII, figs. 1-4; PI. XIV, figs. 1, 2; PI. XV; PL XVI, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PI. XVI, fig. 5. Collected by A. E. Anderson. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XVI, figs. 1^. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family MENISPERMACE^. Menispeemites Brtsoniana HoUick. PI. XII, fig. 6. Menispermites Brysoniana HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pl. 180, fig. 10; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO. The resemblance of this species to Menispermites horealis Heer" is quite apparent, but the imperfect condition of Heer's specimen renders exact comparison a Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 21, 1S82, p. 92, pl. 40, fig. 6. 6 Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 75, pl. 43, fig. 1. c Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), p. 91, pl. 39, fig. 2. 62 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. impossible. Our figure is a reproduction of the figure of the type specimen, which is the only one known to me. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Menispeemites acutdlobus Lesquereux? PI. XII, fig. 8. Menispermites acutUohus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 78, pi. 14, fig. 2. The identity of our specimen with this species must necessarily be doubtfid, on account of its imperfect condition, but that it is closely related to it there can hardly be any question. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Viaeyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Menispeemites sp. PI. XII, fig. 7. Hedera sp. ? HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 421, pi. 38, fig. .5. This fragment is apparently referable to Menispermites rather than to Hedera, as originally thought probable, and might perhaps be considered as a small form of the species last described. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. CoccuLus MiNUTus Hollick. PI. XII, fig. 9. Oocmdus minutus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 407, pi. 70, fig. 6. It is possible that this may be only a very small form of the species next described. Locality: Little Neck, Northport Harbor, Long Island. Collected by Heia- rich Ries. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. CoccuLUS ciNNAMOMEUS Vclenovsky. PI. XII, figs. 10-12. Coceidus cinnamomeus Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 4, 1885, p. 4 (6.5), pl. 8 (31), figs. 16-21. Although our specimens are somewhat smaller than those figured by Vele- novsky, their identity can hardly be questioned, except perhaps in regard to our fig. 12, in which the lateral nerves are indicated as starting from the midrib a short distance above the base. This sUght difference, however, would scarcely seem to warrant us in regarding it as a different species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 63 COCCULITES IMPERFECTUS II. sp. PI. XII, fig. 14. Leaf linear-elliptical (?) in outline, about 5 centimeters (?) long by 1.5 centimeters maximum width; margin entire; nervation consisting of a midrib and two pairs of subparallel, equidistant lateral nerves, which start at the base of the leaf; tertiary nerves parallel to each other and at right angles to the lateral nerves. It is possible that this specimen may represent a lower portion of a leaf of the species next described, but the disposition of the lateral nerves is slightly different and the angles between the tertiary and the lateral nerves appear to be more obtuse. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. CocciiLrrEs inquieendus n. sp. PI. XII, fig. 13. Leaf linear-elliptical (?) in outline, about 5 centimeters (?) long by 1.5 centimeters maximum width; margin entire; apex blunt; nervation aerodrome, consisting of a midrib and two pairs of subparallel lateral nerves near the margin, with subparallel tertiary nerves connecting the midrib with the inner lateral nerves and the lateral nerves with each other. This fragment has many points in common with Cocculites Kanii (Heer) Heer," although much smaller in size, and with Menispermites ovalis Lesq.,* and the ques- tion of genei'ic reference appears to be merely a matter of personal choice. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family JVIAGNOLIACBiE. Magnolia Capellinii Heer. PI. XVII, figs. 3, 4. Magnolia Caipdiinii Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1, 1867 (Phyll. Cret. Nebr.), p. 21, pi. 3, figs. 5, 6; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 234, pi. 6, fig. 6; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Ann. Eept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49; BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 413, pi. 78, fig. 3. There can be no question m regard to our specimens being identical with this well-defined species, which is not uncommon on Long Island, but has not been. satisfactorily identified from elsewhere in this region, although it is listed by Les- quereux as having been found at Sayreville, N. J.,"^ and Berry describes and figures a fragment of a leaf from Cliffwood, N. J., as belonging to the species.*^ In con- nection with the former, however, Lesquereux says (loc. cit.) : "These specimens are few and poor, and therefore the determinations are not positively ascertained," and the identity of the latter is very doubtful. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Center Island, Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. nFl. Foss. Aret., vol. 3 (Mioc. Fl. Arct. Zone), 1874, p. 21; ibid., vol. 7, 1883, p. 124, pi. 100, fig. lb= Daphnogene Kanii Heer, ibid., vol. 1, 1S68, p. 112, pi. 14, figs. 1-5; pi. 16, fig. 1= Cocmlus Kanii (Heer) Sap. et Mar., Essai Veg. Marnes Heers. Gelind., 1873, p. 63, pi. 10, fig. 1. 6 Ann. Eept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1874 (1876), p. 357, pi. 5, fig. 4. c Kept. Clay Deposits New Jersey, Geol. Survey New Jersey, 1878, p. 29. i Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 76, pi. 3, fig. 3. 64 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Magnolia speciosa Heer. PI. XIX, figs. 1-4. Magnolia speciosa Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Natunvissensch., vol. 23 (Kreide-FI. Moletein), 1869, p. 20, pi. 7, fig. 1 ; pl.9,fig.2; pi. 10, figs. 1 , 2 : pl.ll.fig.l; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893,' p. 234, pi. 7, fig. 4; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, fig. 5; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Arm. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO; Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cluh, vol. 31, 1904, p. 76, pi. 3, fig. 10. The specimens representing this species are among the most satisfactory which have been foimd withki the insular area, and it is evident from the number of speci- mens included in the collections that the species was an important element in the flora. It is prominently identified with the Dakota group and also occurs in the clay marl of Cliff wood, N. J., but has not been found in the Amboy clays. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XIX, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimens ui Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XIX, figs". 3, 4. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Magnolia tenuefolia Lesquereux. PI. XVII, fig. 1; PI. XVIII, figs. 4, 5. Magnolia ienuifolia Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 100; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 92, pi. 21, fig. 1 ; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 77, pi. 47, fig. 10; HoUick, ibid., 1904, p. 413, pi. 73, fig. 2. There is considerable difference between the robust specimen represented by our fig. 5, PL XVIII, and the more delicate specimens represented by the other two, but the same may be said of Lesquereux's figures," and the general resemblance between all of them seems to justify the reference to this species. Locality: Sea CM", Long Island, PL XVII, fig. 1. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XVIII, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XVIII, fig. 5. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Magnolia longipes Newberry.? PL XXI, figs. 5, 6. Magnolia longipes Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. 76, pi. .54, figs. 1-3; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, figs. 1, 3; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50. These fragmentary specimens are not satisfactory subjects for accurate com- parison, and they might be almost equally well included ^vith M. ienuifolia Lesq.,^ which differs but little from the species under consideration. In order that satis- factory comparison might be made, however, it would be necessary to have both the apex and petiole represented. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 24, fig. 1, and Cret. Fl., 1874, pi. 21, fig. 1. 6Cret. Fl., 1874, pi. 21, fig. 1 and this monograph, PI. XXVII, fig. 1; PI. XXVIII, flgs. 4, 5. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 65 Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXI, fig. .5. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Dosoris Island, Long Island, PL XXI, fig. 6. Collected by Bailey Willis. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Magnolia psexjdoacuminata Lesquereux. PI. XVIII, figs. 2, 3. Magnolia psendoacuminata Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 199, pi. 24, fig. 2. I have found more or less difficulty, by reason of the fragmentary character of most of our specimens, in making a satisfactory distinction between this and the closely allied species tenuifolia and amplifolia. In fact, even in the more perfect specimens figured hj Lesquereux " to represent the three species the specific dis- tinctions are not very apparent. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David "White. Speci- mens m U. S. Nat. Mus. Magnolia amplifolia Heer. PI. xvm, fig. 1. Magnolia amplifolia Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch. , vol. 23 (Kreide-Fl. Moletein) 1869, p. 21, pi. 8, fig. 1 ; pi. 9, fig. 1. This specimen, although unquestionablj^ identical with Heer's species, as may be seen by comparison with his figures, more especially with his fig. 1, pi. 9(loc. cit.), might readily be confused with certain allied species, as previously noted in my dis- cussion of M. pseudoacuminata Lesq. The close similaritj^ between these two spe- cies was also noted by Lesquereux,'' who, however, regarded the thick midrib and curved apex of amplifolia as specificalty distinguisMng features, both of which are well shown in our specimen. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected b_y David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. ' IMagnolia Lacoeana Lesquereux. PI. XVII, fig. 2. Magnolia Lacoeana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 201, pi. 60, fig. 1; New- berry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 73, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2. The broad, almost orbicular form of this leaf serves to identify it with this species, although it may be said that some forms referred by Heer to M. Capellinii are strikingly suggestive.'' It is unfortunate that both in our specimen and in the one figured by Lesquereux the apex is wanting, which, however, he describes ^s "obtuse or abruptly pointed." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, pi. 24, flgs. 1-3. 6 Ibid., p. 200. » Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), pi. 24, flg. 3; pi. 45, flg. 1. MON L — 06 5 66 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Magnolia longifolia Newberry. PI. XX, figs. 2, 3. Magnolia langifolia Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Surrey, toI. 26 (Fl. .\mboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. 76, pi. 55, figs. 3, 5; pi. 56, figs. 1-4; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 3, fig. 9: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 3; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50. Our fig. 2 is manifestly too fragmentary for satisfactory identification, but fig. 3 is apparently a small form of the species and is comparable with the leaf fi-om Woodbridge, N. J., doubtfully referred by Ne\vberry to M. alternans Heer,° which, however, can hardly be included in that species. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Ai'thur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Magnolia Isbeegiana Heer. PI. XX, fig. 4. Magnolia Isbergiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 91, pi. 36, fig. 3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. dub, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 178, fig. 4; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50. This species is represented in our collections by the one specimen here figured, which appears to be the only one thus far brought to light other than the single type specimen from Greenland, figured by Heer (loc. cit.) . The two figures are quite similar, although the type shows a wider base, thus giving to the leaf a more pyi'ami- dal shape than is indicated in ours. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick. PI. XX, fig. 7. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick, in Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Oays), 1895 (1896), p. 74, pi. 36, fig. 11; pi. 57, figs. 5-7; Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 14, fig. 8; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 2; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 77, pi. 53, fig. 5; pi. 57, fig. 2. This specimen, although imperfect, is so exactly comparable with fig. 7, pi. 57 (Fl. Amboy Clays, loc. cit.), that they must be regarded as identical. It is the only representative of the species thus far found witliin the insular area, although the species is not uncommon in both the Amboy clays and the Clifi'wood clay marls in New Jersey. Locality: Balls Point, Block Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. jUnboy Clays), 1895 (1806), pi. 55, fig. 1. DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 67 Magnolia glaucoides Newberry? PI. XIX, fig. 6; PI. XX, fig. 6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 74, pi. 57, figs, 1-4; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 60, pi. 175, figs. 1, 7; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 7. 1895, p. 13; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r.50. It is unfortunate that in each of our specimens the upper part is missing, as tliis part would probably serve to determine whether we should regard them as belong- ing Avith tliis species or with M. Boulayana Lesq.," which apparently differs from the former merely in having an acute instead of an obtuse apex. Tliis specific dis- tinction may not always hold good, however, as indicated by several specimens from New Jersey in the Museum of the New York Botanical Garden, and in any critical revision of the genus I am inclined to think that the two species would be united. Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Magnolia alternans Heer. Magnolia alternans Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr6t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 20, pi. 3, figs. 2-4; pi. 4, figs. 1, 2; Pollard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1394, p.. 181. This species is listed by Pollard (loc. cit.) as occurring at Elm Point, G'-^-at Neck, Long Island, but I have not seen the specimen. Magnolia Van Ingeni Holiick. PI. XX, fig. 1. Magnolia Van Ingeni HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 175, fig. 6 , This species, based upon a single specimen, the original figure of which is here reproduced, is somewhat similar in appearance to M. glaucoides Nevvb., as may be seen by comparing it with the figures of specimens so referred in tliis monograph on PI. XIX, fig. 6, and PI. XX, fig. 6, but the leaf is narrower, the base more rounded, and the angle of nervation more obtuse. Locality: Sea Cliff, Long Island. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Magnolia aueiculata Newberry. PI. XIK, fig. 5; PI. XX, figs. 5, 8. Magnolia auriculata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 75, pi. 41, fig. 13; pi. 58, figs. 1-11; HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 179, figs. 6, 7; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r49. "Dicotyledonous leaf impression," Hitchcock, Geol. Massachusetts, vol. 2, 1841, p. 430, pi. 19, fig. 1 in part. The identity of our specimens with this exceedingly variable species is perhaps open to question, although I have specimens from New Jersey, labeled by Doctor sMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 202, pi. 60, fig. 2; pi. 65, fig. 2. 68 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Newberry, which resemble ours more closely than any of those which he figured. It is interesting to note that a leaf from Gay Head figured by Hitchcock, to which, however, he did not give any name, unquestionably belongs to this species, as may be seen by comparing it " with Newberry's figures (loc. cit.). Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XIX, fig. 5, PI. XX, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XX, fig. 8. Collected by Edward Hitchcock. LlEIODENDRON OBLONGIFOLIUM Ncwbcrryl PI. XXI, fig. 8. Liriodendron oblongifolium Newb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 5, pi. 61, fig. 1; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 81, pi. 52, figs. 1-5; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 179, fig. 3. This specimen, while it has much the appearance of a median portion of a leaf of this species, is altogether too fragmentary for any but provisional reference, espe- cially as it is the only specimen of this species in the insular flora collections. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. LmiODENDRON PRiM^vxJM Ncwbcrry. PI. XXI, fig. 7. LiTiodendror prirrwsvum Newb., Annals New York l^yc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 12; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 96, pi. 6, fig. 7; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pi. 3, fig. 4. This single specimen, which fortunately, however, is well preserved, is all that we have to represent the species in any of the collections of Cretaceous plants from eastern North America. Both Heer'' and Lesquereux' included this species with the unlobed, emarginate leaves which Newberrj^ placed in the genus Liriodendropsis. His views in this connection may be found expressed in the Flora of the Amboj' Clays'* on pages 79, 80, and I have no hesitation in regarding his conclusions in this respect as valid. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Liriodendron attenuatum n. sp. PI. XXI, figs. 9-11. Liriodendron prirnxvum Newb., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 61, pi. 179, fig. 4. Leaves obscurely 2-lobed, entire, rounded below to a wedge-shaped base, constricted above to an emar- • ginate apex; secondary nerves numerous and fine, diverging from the midrib at acute angles, soon branching • and forming an irregular network with the tertiary nerves. The first specimen of this species discovered, represented by our fig. 9, was thought to be a form of L. primsevum Newb. and was so described by me (loc. cit.), ' sReproduced in our PI. X.X, fig. 8. cMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 203. , . 6PL Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), p. 87. dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 69 but specimens subsequently found have made it seem advisable to regard them all as belonging to a distinct species, with the secondary nervation at a more acute angle of divergence from the midrib and with a more elongated or attenuated upper portion than in L. primsevum. In some respects these leaves are similar to some of those included in the genus Liriodendropsis, and it is possible that they may ultimately have to be so considered. Our fig. 11 is to be specially noted in this connection. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXI, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Hol- Uck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXI, figs. 10, 1 1. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Genus Liriodendropsis Newberry. Genus Liriodendropsis Newberry gen. nov., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896), p. 82. In this genus Newberry includes leaves of considerable variation in form v/hich he originally described as a single species tmder Liriodendron ", and says (loc. cit.) : I have thought it best to distinguish by a new generic name a group of leaves which are numerous in the Amboy clays and the Atane beds ot Greenland. They have been hitherto included in the genus Liriodendron by Professor Heer and myself; but while they are evident^ related to the tulip tree, their simple ovate or lanceolate form, relatively small size, and strongly marked, reticulated nervation separate taem into a group by themselves, possessing characters which seem to have more than a specific value. Since the date Newberry wrote the above a large amount of new material has been collected, wliich includes not only many which are identical with those which he described, but others which, although difi^ering in certain particulars, are so closely similar that they should all be regarded as at least generically related, although what the botanical relationship of the genus may be is a question which we are not yet in a position to answer, and it must be admitted that in this connection the new material, with its multiplicity of new forms, has added to our perplexity instead of assisting us in arriving at anj^ satisfactory conclusion. Heer considered certain leaves from the lower Atane beds of Greenland, iden- tical with those subsequently included by Newberry under Liriodendropsis simplex,^ to be varieties of Liriodendron Meelcii Heer, and they were so described and figured by him, together with other forms which he regarded as allied, including Lirioden- dron primsevum Newb., Phyllites obcordatus Heer, and Leguminosites Marcouanus Heer.'' This segregation of species was criticised by Newberry in his discussion of the genus Liriodendropsis (.loc. cit.), but the actual or possible relationship of most of them to Liriodendron was afiirmed. The question of the affinity of some of these forms with Liriodendron was dis- cussed at some length by Theodor Holm in a paper entitled "Notes on the Leaves aL. simplex., BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 42, flgs. 2^. i Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S95 (1896), p. S3, pi. 19, flgs. 2, 3; pi. 53, flgs. 1^, 7. cFI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2) , 1882, p. 87, pi. 18, flg. 4o; pi. 22, flgs. la, lb, 2-13; pi. 23, flgs. 3-8; pi. 25, flg. 5a; pi. 45, figs. 13a, 13b. 70 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. of Liriodendron," " in which he criticises their reference even to the MagnoHacese, and says (loc. cit., p. 33) : "* * * there is good reason for considering some of the obcordate leaves as belonging to plants of a quite different family, namely, if we compare them with leaflets of the LeguminosEe." The same author subsequently continued the discussion in a paper "On the Validity of Some Fossil Species of Liriodendron,"^ in which he calls attention to a specimen figured by me, showing three leaves in close juxtaposition," and pertinently remarks (loc. cit., p. 314): "* * * might we not then assume that they have been situated close together, as they were found in the rock? They seem, indeed, to have formed a trifoliate leaf, not unlike Desmodium, Phaseolus, and others. Their venation is much more like that of the Leguminosae than of any known Liriodendron. Moreover we must not forget that notched leaves are not only common among the LeguminosEe, but exist in many genera of various families, e. g., Zygophyllum, Pas- sifiora, Akehia, etc. — which might also, be taken into consideration." Leaves which are superficially indistinguishable from some of ours are described and figured by Bayer from the Cretaceous of Bohemia under the name Bignonia fulcherrimafsir\.A it is interesting to note that in his fig. 126a he shows three leaflets joined to a common petiole, thus forming a compound leaf. These figures are repro- duced for conaparison in our figures 2 and 3 on PI. XXV, together with Newberry's type figure of Liriodendropsis simplex in fig. 1. A number of othei; fossil leaves, which have been described from time to time under different genera, are impossible to separate from the general type represented in- Liriodendropsis. ' As examples in this connection majr be mentioned Sapotacites retusus Heer,*^ and Myrsinophyllum varians Yel./ a figure of which is reproduced for comparison on PI. XXV, fig. 6. Finally, attention may be called to the interesting comparison made by Ward between certain forms of Liriodendropsis simplex and Cliondrophyton lace'ratum Sap., from the Cretaceous of Portugal,^ which latter he does not hesitate to rename Lirio- dendropsis lacerata. In view, therefore, of the wide differences of opinion which have been expressed in regard to the probable botanical affinities of these leaf forms and the impossibility of separating one from another, except in the case of extreme forms, I have thought it advisable to include all of the specimens from our vicinity under the generic name Liriodendropsis, leaving it in the systematic position in which it was placed bj^ the author and separating it into as few species as possible, although doubtless some authorities may be inclined to recognize additional species or varieties among the many forms figured. » Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., yol. 1.3, 1890, pp. 15-35, pis. 4-9. bBot. Gaz., vol. 20, 1895, pp. 312-316, pi. 23. c Liriodendron simplex Newb., Glen Cove, Long Island N. Y. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, pi. 5, fig. 2. See this monograph, PI. XXIII, fig. 5. tiStudien Gebioto Bohm. Kreideform. (Perucor Schichten), 1900 (1901), p. 156, figs. 126a, 126b. (Fig. 126a reduced in size; flg. 126b nat. size.) c Fl. Foss. .\rct., vol. 7, p. 32, pi. 61, flg. 10. /Kvet. Cesk. Conomanu, p. 25, pi. 4, figs. 8, 9; pi. 5, fig. 12; pi. 6, figs. 10. 11. ffSi.xteonth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1894-5 (1896), pt. 1, p. 540. pi. 107, figs. 6-8. ^ DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 71 LiRiODENDROPSis ANGUSTiFOLiA Newberry. PI. XXVI, figs, la, 2-5. Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 84, pi. 53, fig. 8; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. Liriodendron simplex Newb. in part. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 62, fig. 4. This species maj'' be regarded as occupying one extreme of the series of which Liriodendropsis spectaMlis represents the other, with L. simplex, L. retusa, and L. constricta as intermediate forms. Newberry's type figure is reproduced on PI. XXVI, fig. 4. It may appear to be just as difficult to draw the fine between this species and some of those included under L. constricta as between any two other forms, but in maintaining them as distinct I believe that I am following the course which would have been pursued by Doctor Newberry if he had had the material in hand when he decided to recognize the species simplex and angustifolia. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXVI, figs, la, 3. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXVI, fig. 2. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXVI, figs. 4, 5. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.). PI. XXII, fig. 7: PL XXVI, figs. 6-15; PI. XL, fig. IS. Liriodendropsis simplex constricta Ward, Sixteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 1, 1894-95 (1896), p. 540, pl. 107, fig. 8. Liriodendron simplex Newb., Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 235, pl. 7, fig. 3. Leaves entire, varying between 4 and 9 centimeters in length by 2 to 3.5 centimeters in maximum width, ovate-lanceolate in outline, wedge-shaped at the base, abruptly constricted or narrowed and almost linear in the upper part, with an emarginate or truncate apex; secondary and tertiary nervation almost indistinguish- able one from the other, forming a fine network of elongated and polygonal areolae. , I have included in this species the specimens in which the upper part is nar- rowed or abruptly constricted. The leaf which I regard as the type of the species is shown on Pl. XXVI, fig. 15, while figs. 7-1 1 are indicative of relationship with L. angustifolia and L. simplex. With considerable hesitation I have also decided to include the specimen rep- resented on Pl. XL bj'' fig. 15, which may be merely an abnormal form of the species, and that represented on Pl. XXII by fig. 7, which is a form more or less suggestive of L. spectaiilis. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, Pl. XXII, fig. 7; Pl. XXVI, figs. 6-14; Pl. XL, fig. 15. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, Pl. XXVI, fig. 15. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. 72 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. LmiODENDROPSis EETUSA (Heer) n. comb. PI. XXV, figs. 8, 9. Supotaciies retusus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 32, pi. 61, fig. 10; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 123, pi. 53, figs. 5, 6. Lirwdendron simplex Newb. Hollick., Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1S93, p. 235, pi. 5, fig. 5. I can see no valid reason for regarding the leaves represented by these speci- mens as generically distinct from the others with notched apices, referred to Lirio- dendropsis, and in fact they might even be included in some one or another of the described species of that genus, but Newberry considered the form represented by our two specimens here figured to be distinct. Whether the distinctive features should be regarded as generic, specific, or varietal is largely a matter of personal choice and convenience. Locality: Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXV, fig. 8. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXV, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur HolHck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. LiRiODENDROPsis SIMPLEX (Newberry) Newberry. PI. XXIII, figs. 1-7; PI. XXIV, figs. 1-9; PI. XXV, figs. 1, 4, 5, 7, 10-12; PI. XXVI, figs, lb, Ic, Id. Liriodendropsis simplex Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 83, pi. 19, figs. 2, 3; pi. 53, figs. 1-4, 7; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. Liriodendron simplex Newb. in part, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 14, 1887, p. 6, pi. 62, figs. 2, 3; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, figs. 6, 7; Uhler, Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892 (1901), p. 207; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 2, figs. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9; Ibid., vol. 12, 1893, p. 235, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2, 4; pi. 7, fig. 2; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50; Pollard, Trans.j^ew York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, p. 180. It is with some hesitation that I have included all these leaf forms in this one species, and it is impossible to know whether the author of the Species would have done so, but any attempt to separate them, even into varieties, seems hopeless, on account of the large number which it would be impossible to differentiate satisfac- torily; and in this connection it may be remarked that not nearly all the specimens available have»been figured. When the relativelj^ coarse secondary nervation only is preserved the leaves present quite a different appearance to those in which the finer intermediate nerva- tion also is apparent. In the latter case the entire system of nervation is so inter- laced that the distinction between coarser and finer Tierves is often difficult to discern. Another feature also of the nervation, to which Newberry did not call atten- tion, is the quite considerable variation in the angle of divergence from the midrib. In those leaves which are symmetrical or nearly so, the angle is practically uniform, while in those which are irregular in outline the angle varies from about 45 degrees to almost a right angle in the same leaf, according to the position of the marginal inequalities. Plowever we may regard them, it is evident that these leaves represent one or more of the most abundant elements in the Cretaceous flora of this region, and if DESCKIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 78 it should be proven that they are identical with similar leaves from other localities, with which they have been compared, we have in them a tjqje of vegetation that was world-wide in its distribution. The forms which I regard as typical of the species as defined and figured by Newberry are shown on PI. XXIV, figs. 4-9, together with three of Newberrj'^'s type figures (hgs. 1-3) and another on PI. XXV, fig. 1. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vinej^ard, PI. XXIII, figs. 1, 2, 3; PI. XXV, figs. 4, 10, 11, 12; PI. XXVI, figs, lb, c, d. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXIII, figs. 4, 5; PL XXIV, figs. 4, 8, 9; PI. XXV, fig. 5. (Fig. ^4, PI. XXIII, fig. 4, PI. XXIV, collected by David Wlnte; specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus.; fig. 5, PI. XXIII; figs. 8, 9, PI. XXIV; fig. 5, PI. XXV, collected by Arthur Hollick, specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard.) Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXIII, fig. 7; PI. XXIV, figs. 5-7; PI. XXV, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Woodbridge, N. J., PI. XXIII, fig. 6; PI. XXIV, figs. 1-3; PI. XXV, fig. 1. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. LiRIODENUROPSIS SPECTABILIS n. sp. PI. XXII, figs. 1-6. Celastrophyllum decurrens Lesq,? Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pi. 179, fig. 1. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, 1.1 to 1.45 decimeters in length b}^ 5.5 centimeters maxi- mum width, entire, emarginate at the apex; secondary and tertiarj' nervation almost indistinguishable one from the other, merging and forming a fine reticulated network of elongated and poh'gonal areolae. This species hardly differs from L. simplex except in size, and the decision to regard them as specifically distinct will doubtless be criticized; but so also would be a determination to group them together, especially if comparison were made between the extremes of size and shape in the two species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXII, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXTI, figs. 3, 6. (Fig. 3 cohected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Fig. 6 collected by. David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus.) Family ANONACE.^. _ GUATTERIA CRETACEA n. Sp. PI. XXI, figs. 1-4. Leaves varying in size from 7.5 centimeters to 1 .5 decimeters in length by 2.5 centimeters to 4 centimeters in width, linear-lanceolate in outline, broadest just above the wedge-shaped, somewhat uiisymmetrical base and tapering irregularly to the apex; margin entire and more or less sinuous; secondary nerves numerous, irregu- larly disposed, forming acute angles with the midrib, curving upward and anastomosing near their extremities. These leaves are apparently different from anj^ heretofore described, c.lthough our smallest one, represented by fig. 3, is almost indistinguishable from the larceo- late leaves included in fig. 4, pi. 62, in Lesquereux's Flora of the Dakota Group, 74 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. which is named " Phyllites durescens sp. nov." in. the explanation of the plate. It is evident, however, that this figure was included in the species through some error, as it is not referred to in the descriptive text on page 218, and the specific descrip- tion, while it agrees with the other figures (loc. cit., pi. 61, fig. 5; pi. 62, fig. 3), is impossible of application to the former. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXI, figs. 1-.3. Collected by David Wliite. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXI, fig. 4. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family LAURACE^. CiNNAMOMTJM CEASSIPETIOLATUM U. sp. PI. XXX, figs. 3, 4. Leaves large, with thick, robust petioles about 3 centimeters in length; lateral nerves basilar, strong, with ascending secondaries on the outer sides and connected on the inner sides with the midrib by parallel, upward- bent cross nervation. These specimens appear to belong to a large species of Cinruimomum with a conspicuously robust petiole, such as I have failed to find in connection with any species hitherto described. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus CiNNAMOMUM INTERMEDIUM Newberry. PI. XXIX, fig. 7; PL XXX, figs. 1, 2. Cinnamomum intermedium Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 89, pi. 29, figs, 1-8, 10; HoUick, Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept., New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSO. Cinnamomum Sezannense Wat., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1891, p. 53, pi. 180, figs. 5, 7; Fifty- fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50. This species is closelj^ similar in general appearance to some forms of C ScJieu- cTizeri Heer, C. ellipsoideum Sap. and Mar., and C. sezannense Wat., as noted bj^New berry in his discussion (loc. cit.). My original identification was with the latter species, while Newberry, in discussing the resemblances and differences between his Amboy clay specimens and C. ellipsoideum, says: "If, however, they had been found in the same country and [in-] beds of the same age, I should feel compelled to consider them as but forms of that species." The question of specific distinction, however, is secondary to the fact, which is apparently conclusive, that these speci- mens from Long Island are identical with those figured by Newberry from the Amboy clays of New Jersey. Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island, PL XXIX, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 1. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Sea Cliff, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 2. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. DESCRIPTIOXS OF SPECIES. 75 CiNNAMOMUivi Heeeii Lesquereux? PI. XXX, figs. .5, 6. CinTiamomum Heerii Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 27, 1859, p. 361 ; Mou. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.) 1892, p. 105, pi. 15, fig. 1. I have questioned the reference of our specimens to this species for the reason that they do not agree with Lesquereux's original figure," although his subsequent figure in the Flora of the Dakota Group (loc. cit.) agrees essential^ with ours. In almost every fossil species of the genus, however, a wide diversity in leaf form and point of origin of the secondary nerves has been recognized hy those who have described them, and the difference in this instance is no greater than in many others. One character in our specimens, however, which might perhaps serve to separate them specificalljr, is the thin lateral nerves as compared with the relatively thick midrib and petiole. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected bj^ David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. CiNNAMOMUM MEMBRANACETJM (Lesquereux) n. comb. PI. XXrX, figs. 5, 6. Paliurus membranaceu-s Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 101; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 108, pi. 20, Rf. 6. The reference of these leaves to this species is made with but little hesitation, although ours are somewhat larger and in fig. 5 more elongated ; but the variation in leaf forms displaj^ed by manj^ species of Cinnamomaim is too well known to require comment, and that these leaves all belong m this genus rather than in Paliuru-^ appears to be strongly indicated. Irregularity in outline and constriction in the upper part, indicating a tendency to lobation, is also characteristic of several species, and it is interesting to note that this tendency'- is well shown in a specimen referred by Lesquereux to Cinnamomum sezannense Wat.,* which might very well be con- sidered as identical with ours. In all of these figures the lobation appears to be con- fined to one side of the leaf, as often seen in our living Sassafras and as shown in one figure of S. suhintegrifolium. Lesq.'^ Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Cinnamomum sp. PI. XXX, fig. 7. This fragment apparently rej^resents the base of a Cinnamomum leaf, with prominently suprabasilar lateral nerves. The slightly outward-curving margin may, however, indicate an irregular or lobate margin, and in that case the leaf would be suggestive of Sassafras, but it does not seem possible to connect it satisfactorily with any described species in either genus. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. o Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 13, 1869, pi. 23, flg. 12. i>Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 12, flg. 6. clbid., pi. 14, flg. 2. 76 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Persea Leconteana (Lesquereux) Lesquereux. PI. XXXI, fig. 1. Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq., Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 75, pi. 28, fig. 1. Sassafras Leconteanum Lesq., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, vol. 13, 1S69, p. 431, pi. 23, fig. 1. Although this is the oia\j specimen of the species thus far reported from the Cretaceous of eastern North America, its identity seems to be quite satisfactory. The change in the generic name from Sassafras to Persea, by Lesquereux, is certainly to be commended. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Specimen in IT. S. Nat. Mus. Persea valida n. sp. PI. XXIX, figs. 8, 9. Leaves about 1 decimeter long by 3 centimeters wide in the middle, linear-lanceolate in outline, tapering to a wedge-shaped base and rather abruptly to an acute apex; margins entire and irregularl}' wavy; midrib curved and flexuous above, straight or nearly so below; secondary nerves numerous, irregularly disposed and forming varying, mostly acute angles, with the midrib, especially below, curving upward and anastomosing near the margin. These beautiful and well-defined leaves are hardly distinguishable from many of the leaf forms of the living Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg., and if found in one of the more recent geological horizons would probably be regarded as identical with that species. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David Wliite. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Ocotea nassauensis n. sp. PI. XXVII, fig. 8. Leaf about 5.5 centimeters long, entire, obovate, constricted above to a narrow apex; nervation campto- drome; secondary nerves alternately disposed, about four on each side, diverging from the midrib at varying acute angles and curving upward along the margin. This leaf is apparently different from any heretofore described, although it has some resemblance to the figure described as a terminal leaflet of Sapindus diversi- f alius Lesq." The specific name is from Nassau, an old name for Long Island. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David Wliite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Nectandra imperfecta n. sp. PI. XXVII, figs. 13, 14. Leaves linear-ovate to linear-lanceolate in outline, entire, narrowed below to a wedge-shaped base; sec- ondary nerves few, irregularly disposed, the lower ones extending upward at acute angles, the upper ones diverging from the midrib at more obtuse angles and connecting with the former through the short tertiary cross nervation in the upper part of the leaf. It is unfortunate that these specimens are both imperfect, as they apparently represent a new and well-defined species in the Lauraceae; but without the apex it is not possible to form a satisfactory idea of exactly what the leaves were like, oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 158, pi. 64, fig. 18 in part. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 77 although the lower portions indicate relationship with Nectaridra or some ciosely allied genus. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sassafras acutilobum Lesquereux. PI. XXX, figs. 8, 9. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq., Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 79, pi. 14, figs. 1, 2; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12 1893, p. 236, pi. 7, fig. 1; Bull. Geo!. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 132, pi. 14, fig. 13; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 87, pi. 25, figs. 1-10: pi. 26, figs. 2-6; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 81, pi. 45, figs. 1, 2. Tliis exceedingly variable species is well represented by the extreme forms here figured, wliich, however, do not differ from each other any more than do those fig- ured by Lesquereux (loc. cit.) and are not nearly so diverse as those depicted by Newberrj^ from the Cretaceous of New Jersey (loc. cit.). Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXX, fig. S. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Sassa:fras angustilobum n. sp. PL XXIX, figs. 1-3. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, entire, more or less decurrent below; lobes blunt pointed, narrow, linear wedge- shaped or slightly inflated about the middle; lateral primaries divergent, normally symmetrically supra- basilar, but occasionally with one lower than its opposite. These leaves, except for their blunt lobes, might readily be taken for small specimens of the narrow forms of Sassafras cretacewn Newb.," or S. acutiloium Lesq.'' They are also suggestive of certain species of Sterculia, especially S. Krejcii Vel.,'= and S. aperta Lesq.,'* although in both of these species the lateral primaries are apparently strictly basilar. Locality: Gslj Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Sassafras ceetaceum Newberry? PI. XXX, fig. 10. Sassafras cretaceum Newb., Annals New York Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1868, p. 14; Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, p. 98, pi. 6, figs. l-A; pi. 7, figs. 1-3; pi. 8, figs. 1, 2. This imperfect specimen apparently represents a lower part of some one of the broader leaf forms described and figured by Newberry under the above name, but any attempt to identify it with any particular form is ineffectual on account of its fragmentary condition. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. a Mon. U. S. Geol Survey, vol. 35 (Later Ext. Fl. N. Am.), 1898, pi. 7, fig. 1. !>Cret. and Tert. FL, 1883, pi. 5, fig. 1. cFl. Bohm. Kreidetorm., pt. 2, 1883, p. 22 (47), pi. 5 (13), fig. 1. liCret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 82, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3. 78 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Sassafras hastatum Newberry? PI. XXrS, fig. 4; PI. XXX, fig. 12. Sassafras hastatum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 88, pi. 27, figs. 4-6; pi. 28, figs. 1, 2; pi. 40, fig. 4; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 414, pi. 79, fig. 4. The resemblance of these specimens to this species is indicated rather than expressed, and tlie absence of the bases in addition to the imperfect condition of the lobes makes positive identification impossible. The divergent character of the lobes is what has seemed to indicate identity with Jiastatum rather than with any other species of Sassafras, but it is quite possible that these specimens may belong with some species of Aralia, such as A. gr-onl'andica Heer,° wliich is not uncommon in tliis region. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXIX, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXX, fig. 12. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Sassafras progenitor Newberry. PI. XXX, fig. 11. Sassafras progenitor Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 88, pi. 27, figs. 1-3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 53, pi. 174, fig. 1; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895., p. 13; Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 78, pi. 1, fig. 3. This specimen, wliich is the only one in our collection, maj'' appear to be some- what too fragmentary for positive identification, but the bulging margins of the lobes indicate relationship with this species rather than with any other. It is a common species in the Amboj^ clays and somewhat doubtful specimens have been found in the clay marl at Clifl'wood, N. J. Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Malapoenna sp. PI. XXXI, fig. 4. This specimen, obviously too fragmentary for satisfactory specific identification or comparison, may belong with either Litsea falcifolia Lesq. '' or with L. cretacea Lesq.,*^ although it appears to be too large for the former and too delicate for the latter, according to the only two published figures of these species. A perfect specimen of ours would apparently represent a form intermediate in appearance between these two. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. o Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1880, p. 84, pi. 38, flg. 3; pi. 39, flg. 1; pi. 46, flgs. 16, 17. iiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 97, pi. 11, fig. S. clbid., p. 96, pi. 15, flg. 2. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 79 Laurus nebeascensis (Lesquereux) Lesquereux. PI. XXVIII, figs. 3-8. Laurus Nebrascensis (Lesq.) Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, 1868, p. 98; Cret. Fl., 1874, p. 74, pi. 10, fig. 1; pi. 28, fig. 14. Persea Nebrasce7ids Lesq., Trans. Am. Pliilos. Soc, vol. 13, 1869, p. 431, pi. 23, figs. 9, 10. Laurus primigenia Ung.? Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 33, pi. 2, fig. 20; pi. 3, fig. 3. Magnolia altemans Heer, Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, figs. 4, 5. Whatever may be thought of the fragmentary specimens represented by figs. 5-S, there can be but Httle doubt that figs. 3, 4 are referable to a form of this species, intermediate between the broad one shown in Lesquereux's fig. 1, pi. 10, and the narrow one depicted in fig. 14, pi. 2 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 76, pi. 20, flgs. lb, 7; pi. 43, flg. Ic. MON L— 06 fi 82 FLORA OF SOUTHERN XEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. LAUEOPHTLLtJM NERVILLOSUM n. Sp. PI. XXVII, figs. 6, 7. Proteoides dapTaiogenoides Heer, HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 189S, p. 420, pi. 36, figs. 1, 3. Leaves linear-elliptical in outline, about 1.5 decimeters long by 2.6 centimeters maximum width, entire, narrowed to a long wedge-shaped base; secondary nervation close, fine, uniformly divergent from the midrib throughout, flexuous, ultimately thinning out and merging into the tertiarj- nervation near the margin. These specimens were formerly regarded by me as probably belonging to Pro- teoides daphnogenoides Heer, largelj' by reason of their similarity to a specimen from the Cretaceous of New Jersej^, so identified by Newberry;" but I am now satisfied that this reference was erroneous and that they represent a lauraceous species, not imlike LaurophxjUum lanceolatum Newb.,** but possessing a remarkably well-deiined though delicate system of nervation which is absent, or perhaps was not present, in the specimens upon which tlie latter species was based. It is evident that the distinction between this and the three species last described is more easily indicated in the figures than expressed in words. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. # Order ROSALES. Family PLATANACE^. Plataistus aqxjehongensis Hollick. PI. XXXI, fig. 6. PlaMnus Aquehongensis Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 32, pi. 4. This species was based upon a single specimen, the original figure of which is here reproduced. It is well defined and is totally unlike anj^ other from this region. The reference to the genus Platanus was questioned by Dr. Lester F. Ward,'' who, however, recognized its validity as a new species, possibly belonging to Vitis or Gremopsis. Locality: Richmond A'"alley, Staten Island. Collected by Mr. Mesner. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Platantjs? Newberryaka Heer. Platanus? Xewherryana Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, No. 1 (Phyll. Cr^t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 4; Pollard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13. 1894, p. 181. This species is listed by Pollard (loc. cit.) as occurring at Elm Point, Great Neck, Long Island, but the specimen was not seen by me. a Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Ft. Amboy Clays), 1.S95 (1896), pi. S'i, flg. 14. l> T\nd., p. 87, pi. 17, flgs. 1, 12. c Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, 1893, p. 437. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 83 Platanus sp. PI. XXXI, fig. 5. Plaianus Newherryana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 9. The original unquestioned reference of this specimen by me to P. Newherryana Heer was manifestly not warranted by its fragmentary character, although there can be but little doubt that it represents a portion of a Platanus leaf. Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten^Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Family ROSACE.^;. Amelanciiier Whitei n. sp. PI. XXXII, fig. 1. Leaf 6 centimeters long by 2.5 centimeters wide in the middle, eUiptical-lanceoIate in outline, tapering above, rounded to the base, short petioled, finely and uniformlj'- serrate-dentate almost to the base; secondary nerves curving upward from the midrib at acute angles; tertiary nervation fine, subparallel, almost horizontal or slightly curved downward. This leaf apparently belongs to AmelancMer or some closely allied genus, and the indications are that it had a somewhat abruptly attenuated or tapering apex. There does not seem to be any described Cretaceous species with which it may be identified, but it is closely similar to A. typica Lesq., from the Tertiary of Floris- sant, Colo." Named for ]\Ir. David "VNTaite, the collector. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David "White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family LEGUMINOS^. Sulofamlly CJESv^^LPINIA-CEJE. Htmen^a dakotana Lesquereux. PI. XXXII, figs. 5-7. Hymeniea dakotana Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Surve}', vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 145, pi. 55, figs. 2, 3; pi. 56, figs. 1, 2; pi. 62, fig. 2; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pi. 176, fig. 4. Ddlbergia Binkiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 5. The distinction between this species and Dalhergia Rinkiana Heer'' is hardly discernible, but Lesquereux's figures are much better defined, and comparison with these is therefore more satisfactory. Our fig. 5 is practically identical with Lesquereux's fig. 2, pi. 56, and our fig. 6 may be compared with his fig. 3, pi. 55. Locality: Sea Cliil, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 5. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Lloyd Neck, Long Island,, PL XXXII, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 7. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. a Cret. and Tert. FI., 1883, p. 198, pi. 40, fig. 11. 6 Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3. 84 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND NEAY ENGLAND. Htmen^a PBDViiGENiA Saporta. PI. XXXII, figs. 8, 9. Hi/memea primigenia Sap., Monde des Plantes, 1879, p. 199, fig. 2; Velenovsky, Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1884, p. 9 (56), pi. 5 (20), fig. 4; pi. 6 (21), figs. 1-4. These specimens are apparently narrow forms of the leaves which Velenovskj refers to this species. Saporta's original figure (loc. cit.) shows leaves with entire margins, but in many of those figured by Velenovsky (loc. cit.) the margins are crenate dentate, as in ours. In fact, he makes this one of the characters of the species and says, "seldom entire margined." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Cassia sp. PI. XXXII, fig. 13. This specimen may possibly be the base of a leaf of Cassia angusta Heer," which is considered by him to be identical with Palxocassia angustifoJia Etts.,* a name not admissible by reason of the previously published Cassia angustifoJia Vahl, a living species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by Devid White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Subfamily P^5i.F'ILIONA.CEi.3E. COLUTEA PEIMOEDIALIS Hccr. PI. XXXII, figs. 14, 15. Colutea primordidis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abtli. 2), 1882, p. 99, pi. 27, figs. 7-11; pi. 43, figs. 7, 8; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 5G, pi. 174, fig. 2. A great variety of forms is included in tliis species by Heer, and their close similarity to some of the varieties of Liriodendropsis " will doubtless be noted, but as a whole their obovate or elliptical shape serves to distinguish them. Newberry refers two specimens from the Cretaceous of New Jersey to the same species,"^ but the reference hardl^^ appears to be warranted by the figures. The leaf described and figured by Lesquereux under the name LiriopJiyllum ohcordatum '^ may perhaps be a form of this species and would probably be so con- sidered in any critical revision of the leaves with obcordate or obovate-emarginate outlines. Locality: Eatons Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 14. Collected byAi'thur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 15. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. "Fl. Foss. .-Vrct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 101, pi. 27, fig. 6. i>Sitzb. Wien-Akad. Wissensch., Math.-Naturw. CI., vol. 55 (abth. 1), (Kreidefl. Niederschona), 1S67, p. 261, pi. 3, figs. 6,7. cSee this monograph, Pis. XXIV, XXV, XXVI. iMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1S9S (1896), p. 97, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5. £Mon. U. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Or.), 1892, p. 210, pi. 28, fig. 7. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 85 Dalbekgia htperboeea Heer. ? PI. XXXII, fig. 10. Dalbergia hyperborea Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, fig. 4a; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 7. The identity of this specimen is probably with either D. hyperiorea Heer (loc. cit.) or D. Rinkiana Heer," the close resemblance between which was recognized by Heer. He emphasizes, however, the rounded cordate base of the former as a distin- guishing feature, and this is quite well defined in our specimen. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Dalbergia minor n. sp. PI. XXXII, fig. 12. Leaf small, entire, about 1.3 centimeters long, slightly inequilateral and curved, about 6 millimeters wide at the abruptly rounded base, tapering to the- apex; nervation obscure. This is not a very satisfactory specimen upon which to base a description of a new species, but I have been unable to identify it with any heretofore recognized Cretaceous form. In general appearance it is suggestive of the genus Dalbergia. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Dalbergia irregularis n. sp. PI. XXXII, fig. 11. Leaf about 3.8 centimeters long by 1.8 centimeters wide in the middle, entire, inequilateral, curved, taper- ing to an acute apex, rounded at the base on the narrower side, cuneate on the broader side; nervation reticu- late, leaving the convex side of the midrib at acute angles and the concave side at right angles. The fossil species which most nearly resembles our specimen is Leguminosites dalbergioides Etts.,* from the Tertiary of Europe. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Phaseolites elegans n. sp. PI. XXXII, fig. 4. Dalbergia RinTciana Heer. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 4. Leaf inequilateral, entire, ovate-falcate in outline, tapering to a curved apex, narrowed to an acute wedge- shaped base, short petioled; secondary nerves few or obscure, those on the broader side forming angles with the midrib more acute than those on the narrower side, all curving upward. This leaf has some of the characteristics of Dalbergia RinkiaTM Heer*^ and cer- tain of .the forms figured under Phaseolites formus Lesq."^ It also bears a more or less close resemblance to our fig. 5, pi. XXXII, which I have referred to Hymeniea dakotana Lesq. Its almost perfect ovate-falcate outline, however, serves to dis- tinguish it from any of the published figures of these species. Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oFl.iFoss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3. i Abh. K.-K. Geol. Reichsanst., vol. 2 (abth. 3, No. 2, Tert. Fl. Haring), 1855, p. 91, pi. 30, figs. 18-20. cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 102, pi. 26, figs. 1-3. dMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 147, pi. 55, figs. 5, 6, 12. 86 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Phaseolites manhassettensis Hollick. PI. XXXII, figs. 2, 3. Phaseolites Manliassettensis Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 414, pi. 78, figs. 1, 2. The distinction between this species and the one last described consists mainly in the more acute angle of divergence between the secondaries and the midrib in the species now under consideration, although it may be seen that there are also slight differences in outline. Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island. Collected by A. E. Anderson. Speci- mens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. , LEGUMINOS^e OF' UNCERTA-IN RELA.TION. j^ Leguminosites coronilloides Heer. PI. XXXII, figs. 16, 17. Leguminosites coronilloides Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 119, pi. 34, fig. 14; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 97, pi. 42, fig. 48. Leguminosites frigidus Heer. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 2, fig. 11. There is but little choice between the above species as figured by Heer, especially between his figure of L. coronilloides (loc. cit.),and the specimen of L. frigidus rep- resented by his fig. 22, pi. 55." Locality: Ki-eischerville, Staten Island, PL XXXII, fig. 16. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXII, fig. 17. Collected by David T\Tiite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Legximinosites consteictus Lesquereux? •Pl. XXXII, fig. 20. Leguminosites constrictus Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 151, pi. 44, fig. 3; Hol- lick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pl. 177, fig. 13. The identification of this specimen must be regarded as purely tentative on account of the missing upper portion. Lopality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected hy Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Leguminosites convolutus Lesquereux? Pl. XXXII, figs. 18, 19. Leguminosites convolutus Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 151, pl. 44, fig. 4; Hol- lick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pl. 177, fig. 14, Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50. The identification of these specimens is questioned, for the reason that neither one is complete, although each one shows certain characters which appear to be similar to those of the species. As in the case of the species last described, however, better material is required for satisfactorj^ identification. oPl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 87 Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXII, fig. 18. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Card. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXII, fig. 19. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Order SAPINDALES. - Family ANACARDIACE^. Rhus ceetacea Heer? PI. XXXIII, fig. 2. Rhus creiacea Hqer, Kreide-Fl. Quedlinburg, 1872, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 11. This specimen, although more robust, is so closely similar to this species that at least a provisional reference seems warranted. In general appearance it is perhaps more like the Tertiary species Rhus Pyrrhse Ung.," especially as depicted by Heer.'' It also has some resemblance to the imperfect leaf described and figured by Lesque- reux imder the name Ficus? undulata.'^ Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. PiSTACIA AQUEHONGENSIS Hollick. PI. XXXIII, fig. 3. Pistacia Aquehmgensis Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., \'ol. 11, 1898, p. 421, pi. 36, fig. 5. The type specimen, the figure of which is here reproduced, is all that we have to represent the species, and it is the only representative of the genus thus far found in our region. It is closely similar to P. aguensis Sap.,** which, however, is a European Tertiary species. If the generic reference is correct, as it appears to be, the speci- men is of considerable interest, as the only other supposed North American fossil representatives of the genus are th& specimens described by Lesquereux under the name Ficus oblanceolata, from the Laranfie group, "^ which Knowlton subsequently relegated to Pistacia/ Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Family ILICACE^. Ilex papillosa Lesquereux. PI. XXXIII, fig. 4. Eex papiUosa Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (FI. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 177, pi. 29, figs. 9, 10; pi. 58, fig. 3. This is one of the few specimens contained in a small lot described in a memo- randum by Dr. Lester F. Ward, as follows : " 562. Clays, buff and more or less carbo- naceous, from south shore of Gay Head. They came from the steep strata in the o Chi. Protog., 1843, p. 84, pi. 22, fig. 1. b Fl. Tert. Helvet., 1859, vol. 3, pi. 126, figs. 20-28. cMon. XJ. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 84, pi. 12, fig. 5. <2.\nnals sci. nat., 4th series, Bot., vol. 18, 1873, p. 105, pi. 15, figs. 1-24. e Tert. Fl., 1878, p. 194, pi. 28, figs. 9-12. /Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 152 (Cat. Cret. and Tert. Plants N. Am.), 1898, p. 167. 88 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. buttress a little to the east of the flow and plunge structure (Weyquosque), and are regarded as post-Tertiary by Professor Shaler." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family CELASTRACE^. Celastrus arctica Heer. PI. xxxni, figs. 9-11. Cdastrus arctica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 18S3, p. 40, pi. 61, figs. 5d, 5e ; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896), p. 98, pi. 13, figs. 8-18; Hollick, Annals Neve York Acad. Sei., vol. 11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 4, fig. 8; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, figs. 12, 13. These specimens, although fragmentary, show the characteristic shape and ner- vation of the species quite satisfactorily. It is one of the most abundant spepies in the Amboy clays, and some of the numerous diverse forms depicted by Newberry (loc. cit.) are exactly like ours, all of which are considerably larger than the single specimen figured by Heer from the Patoot beds of Greenland (loc. cit.). Locality: Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXIII, figs. 9, 10, Collected bj^ Arthur Hollick. Specimers in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Celastrophyllum grandifolitjm Newberry? PI. XXXIII, fig. 8. Celastrophyllum grandifoUum Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 104, pi. 19, fig. 8; pi. 21, figs. 1-4. This specimen appears to be the lower part of a very large leaf of this species, or possibly of Celastrophyllum ensifolium (Lesq.) , " but its imperfect condition renders satisfactory comparison impossible. Newberry also refers to this species and calls attention to the resemblance between C. grandifoUum and C. lanceolatum. Etts.,* and says (loc. cit.): "With more material we may find that the species should be united." Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Gtminda primordialis, n. sp. PI. XXXIII, fig. 5. Leaf linear-obovate-spatulate, obscurely crenate above, entire below; nervation consisting of five pairs of opposite, almost straight secondaries, which form acute angles with the midrib and ultimately coalesce into an irregular submarginal nerve. This well-defined leaf is clearly different from any species hitherto described. Its affinities are apparently with the Celastracese, and it may be compared with many _ aCret. Fl., 1874, p. 108, pi. 21, figs. 2, 3 ("Magnolia msifolia Lesq., U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., 1871 (1872), p. 302.) b Sitzb. Akad. Wissonsch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. CI., vol. .5.5 (abth. 1), (Kreidefl. Nie^erschOna), 1867, p. 260, pi. 3, fig. 9. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 89 of the leaves in the genera Gyminda, Pterocelastrus , and Maytenus, although in most of these the secondary nerves are only occasionally opposite. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. El^odendron strictum, n. sp. PI. XXXIII, fig. 6. Leaf linear-ovate-lanceolate in outline, crenate-dentate above, entire below, tapering to a slightly rounded wedge-shaped base; secondary nerves in pairs, almost straight, forming acute angles with the midrib, extending upward and giving off nervilles from their outer sides which extend to the marginal dentitions. ' This leaf is characterized by the almost straight secondary nerves, arranged in pairs, thus differing from any other described species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. ELiEODENDRON sp. PI. XXXIII, fig. 7. OdaMrofhyTlum Benedini Sap. et Mar., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 4. This specimen probably represents a new species, but it is too imperfect to serve as a basis for satisfactory description. It is somewhat suggestive of Elseodendron speciosum Lesq.," but the dentition is much finer. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Family ACERACE^. Acer minutum Hollick. PI. XXXIII, fig. 14. Acer minutus Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 6. This is the only leaf which could be referred to a maple thus far found in the insular flora, and the figure is a reproduction of the figure of the type specimen. Winged seeds which apparently belong to the genus occur at Gay Head and in the Amboy clays of New Jersey, however, and it is possible that these may have come from the same species of tree as the leaf, but thus far we have not found them asso- ciated together. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Fruit of Acer sp. PI. XXXIII, figs. 12, 13. These winged seeds are very much like those which Newberry calls Acer amhoy- ense,^ from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, and they probably belong to the same nMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (FI. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 17.';, pl. 36, figs. 2, 3. 6Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. .^mboy Clays), 1875 (1896), p. 106, pl. 46, flgs. 5-S. 90 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. species, but no leaves of the genus have been found associated with them either there or on Marthas Vineyard, where our specimens were found. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Family SAPINDACE^. Sapindt^ts imperfectus Hollick. PI. XXXIII, fig. 1.5. Sapindxis imperfectus Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 415, pi. 78, fig. 4. This species is very closely allied to S. morrisoni Lesq.,'' and may perhaps be regarded merely as a form of that species. Locality: Manhassett Neck, Long Island. Collected by A. E. Anderson. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Sapindus moeeisoni ijesquereux. PI. XXXIII, figs. 16-20. Sapindus MorrisoniTuesq., Cret. and Tert. Fl., 1SS3, p. 83, pi. 16, figs. 1,2; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 99, pi. 2, fig. 12 ; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 1 1 , 1S92, p. 103, pi. 3, fig. 5; ibid., vol. I2', 1893* p. 235, pi. 6, fig. 3; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 179, fig. 8; BuIl.Geol. See. Am., vol. 7 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1S98, p. 422, pi. 36, fig. 4; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 83, pi. 47, figs. 2, 3; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 78. The great variety of shape and size in this species is well represented in our specimens. Figs. IS and 19 are about the average in size and are most nearly like Lesquereux's type figures (loc. cit.) ; fig. 19 is like liis specimens subsequently fig- ured;^ fig. 16 is somewhat broader than any other specimen which I have seen depicted, but it hardly differs to a sufficient extent to be regarded as a new species, and fig. 17 maj^ be satisfactorily compared with some of the forms figured by Heer from tlie Cretaceous of Greenland,'^ especially with his fig. 8 (loc. cit.), in which the finer nervation is suggestive of some other genus, as it is in our fig. 17. In fact, if it were not for the characteristic imsymmetrical base in our specimen — rounded on one side and cuneate on the other — I should probably have considered it under some other generic name. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIII, figs. 16-18. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 19. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIII, fig. 20. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. oCret. and Tert. Fl., 1883, p. 83, pi. 16, flgs. 1, 2. iiMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 35, flgs. 1, 2. cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, pi. 43, flg. la; pi. 44, fig. 8. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 91 4 • Sapindus apioulatus Velenovsky. PI. XXXIII, fig. 21. Sapindus apicidaius Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1S84, p. 6 (53), pi. 7 (22), figs. 1-8; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2. I am unable to recognize any valid difference between this species and Sapin- dus diversifolius Lesq.," although the latter author regarded them as distinct species, but "closely allied" (loc. cit. p. 159). Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David WhiLe. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Order RHAMNALES. Family RHAMNACE.a}. - Paliurus integrifolius HoUick. PI. XXXIV, figs. 2-5. Paliurus integrifolius HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 177, figs. 5, 8, 12; Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, p. 133, pi. 14, fig. 10; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r50; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 408, pi. 70, fig. 7; Ries, Sch. Mines Quart., vol. 15, 1894, p. 353. Fragmentary remains of these leaves, showing considerable diversity in size, are relatively abundant in the insular flora, especially on Long Island, but they have not been satisfactorily identified elsewhere. It is, unfortunate that in no instance has a perfect specimen been found, and the characters of the upper part of the leaves are not kno^vn. Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island, PL XXXIV, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 5. Collected by Heinrich Ries.. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Paliurus ovalis Dawson. PL XXXIV, fig. 14. Paliurus ovalis Dawson, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, sec. 4 (Mesoz. Fl. Rocky Mt. Region), 1885, p. 14, pi. 4, figs. 4, 8; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 107, pi. 23, figs. 8, 9. , This specimen, so far as the characters of the nervation are concerned, shows considerably more than Dawson's type figures (loc. cit.), or than can be seen in Lesquereux's figure of a specimen from Kansas.^ The shape of the leaf, however, "Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 158, pi. 64, flg. 18. ilbid., pi. 35, flg. 7. 92 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. is identical in all, and our specimen appears to more satisfactorily represent the species than do the two specimens from the Amboy clays (loc. cit.) so referred by Newberry, the identity of which is open to question. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. PALruRUS AFFiNis Heer. ? PI. XXXIV, figs. 6, 7. Paliurus qffinis Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 42, pi. 62, figs. 16-19; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 3.5, pi. 2, figs. 12, 14, 18; pi. 3, fig. 7. It is quite possible that these specimens may belong with Paliurus cretaceus Lesq.,'' which is so closely similar in appearance to P. affinis Heer, as to be hardly distinguishable from it, but the}^ are too fragmentary for satisfactory comparison. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 6. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hol- Hck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. ZlZYPHUS ELEGANS HoUick. PI. XXXIV, fig. 8. Zizyphus ehgans HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 9. This beautiful little species is represented in our collections from Glen Cove by a number of fragments as well as by the perfect type specimen, the figure of which is here reproduced. It occurs with and is evidently closely related to the species next described. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. ZlZTPHUS OBLONGUS n. sp. PI. XXXIV, figs. 9, 10. ZizypJius elegans Hollick in part. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pl. 177, fig. 10: Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 41.5, pl. 73, fig. 4. Leaves oblong, entire, 3-nerved from the base; lateral primaries rather sharply curved below, soon extend- ing upward subparallel with the midrib, giving off branches on the outside, the latter forming acute angles with the lateral primaries, and curving upward toward the margins; midrib and lateral primaries connected by an irregularly disposed system of fine cross nervation. This species was originally included by me in Zizyphus elegans (loc. cit.), but this was due to the imperfect specimen, the illustration of which is reproduced in fig. 9. New material since obtained indicates that a distinct species should be recognized, characterized by an oblong instead of ovate form of leaf. Thus far I have not succeeded in finding any specimen which shows the upper part, so that it is impossible to determine whether the oblong character of the lower part prevails throughout. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 165, pl. 35, fig. 3. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 93 ZizYPHT7S GRONLANDicus Heer. PI. XXXIV, figs. 11, 12. Zizyphus groriUmdicus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 42, pi. 62, fig. 20. In spite of the paucity of our material and the imperfect condition of the two specimens, I have but httle hesitation in regarding them as belonging to this species. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 11. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 12. Collected by David White. Specimen inU. S. Nat. Mus. Zizyphus Lewisiana Hollick. PI. XXXIV, fig. 13. Zizyphus Lewisiana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 180, fig. 13. The only specimen of this species thus far known is the type, the original figure of which is here reproduced. Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Card. Rhamnus ( ? ) ACUTA Heer. PI. XXXIV, fig. 1. Rhammis (?) acuta Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 98, pi. 41, fig. 6; pi. 45, fig. 13c: Hollick, Bull, Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 58, pi. 177, fig. 6. This specimen is apparently referable either to this species or to R. tenax Lesq.," and in placing it under Heer's name I should be considered as influenced more by considerations of priority than by any intention to indicate that the two species are distinct. Locality: Lloyd Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Card. Ceanothus constrictus n. sp. PI. XXXIV, figs. 15-17. Leaves obovate-spatulate in outline, entire, obscurely 2-Iobed or constricted above, \vith a retuse, emar- ginate, or truncate apex and a wedge-shaped base ; secondary nerves irregularly arranged, the lower ones leaving the midrib at or close to the base, extending upward subparallel with the margins and finally anastomosing with the upper ones, forming a series of marginal loops. These leaves apparently belong in the Rhamnaceffi and are not unlike those of the living species Ceanothus cuneatus Nutt. They do not, however, appear to be strictty 3-nerved from the base, although the lower secondaries simulate lateral primaries very closely. The only fossil leaf which appears at all to resemble them is Ceanothus Mlinicus \Jng.,^ a European Tertiary species. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, figs. 15, 16. Collected by David Wliite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 17. Cohected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 170, pi. 38, fig. 6. 6 CM. Prot., 1847, p. 14.5, pi. 49, fig. 9. 94 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Family VITACE.E. CissiTES FORMOsys Heer? PI. XXXVII, fig. 7. Cissitesformosus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1S82_, p. 85, pi. 21, figs. 5-8; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 57, pi. 174, fig. 6; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 107, pi. 47, figs. 1-8. This very unsatisfactory specimen is referred to this species with considerable hesitation and the identification must be regarded as merely provisional. Locality: Dosoris Island, Long Island. Collected by Bailey Willis. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Order MALVALES. Family STERCULIACE^. Sterculia pre-labrusca n. sp. PI. XXXIV, figs. 21, 22. Sterculia lahrusca Ung. Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, p. 13. Leaf narrowly lobed, entire; lobes more or less flexuous or irregular in shape; secondary nervation fine, often branched, irregularly disposed, leaving the primary nerves at varying angles of divergence and extending to the margins. The decision to found a new species upon these fragmentary remains iw&j be open to criticism, but I can not avoid the conviction that thej- should be so regarded and that they represent a species allied to Sterculia lahrusca Ung.," from the Tertiary of Europe. Subsequent figures by Ettmgshausen* approach ours even more closel}^ in general appearance and indicate a close relationship. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Stercxilia Snowii Lesquereux? PI. xxxrv, fig. 20. Sterculia Snowii Lesq.,Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 183, pi. 30, fig. 5; pi. 31, figs. 2, 3; pi. 32; pi. 33, figs. 1-4. I have referred this fragment to the above species provisionalh', although it is possible that even the generic reference may be erroneous. It is evidently a portion of a lobcd leaf which might perhaps belong to either a Sterculia, an Aralia, or a Sassafras. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David Wliite. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. "Foss. Fl. Sotzka, ISSO, p. 45 [175], pi. 28 [49], figs. 1-11. i F0S8. Fl. Bilin, 1869, pi. 43, figs. 4, 5. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 95 Sterculia sp. ■ PI. XXXIV, figs. 18, 19. Sterculia sp.? Hollick; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 5. These fragments apparently represent lobes of some narrow-leaved Sterculia, similar to S. luguhris Lesq. " , Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIV, fig. 18. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXIV, fig. 19. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Pterospermites modestus Lesquereux. PI. XXXVIII, fig. 8. Pterospermites modestus Lesq.,' Mon. U. S. Geol. Surrey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 186, pi. 58, fig. 5; HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 6. There can hardly be any question that our specimen is identical with tliis species as described and figured by Lesquereux fi'om the Dakota group, but it may also be compared with Apeiiopsis thomseniana Heer** from the lower Atane beds of Green- land, and the question whether or not these two species should be regarded as dis- tinct is largely one of personal choice. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Order MYRTALES. Famity MYRTACE^. Eucalyptus? nervosa Newberry. PI. VIII, fig. 6b; PI. XXXV, fig. 16. Eucalyptus? nervosa Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey-, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895(1896), p. 112, pi. 32, figs. 3-5, 8; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 56, pi, 174, fig. 10. These fragments are manifestly not satisfactory subjects for identification, but they represent portions of linear leaves apparently identical with Newberry's species, as may be seen by comparison with his figures (loc. cit.). Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. VIII, fig. 6b. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Sea Clifl[, Long Island, PL XXXV, fig. 16. Collected by Gilbert Van Ingen. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Eucalyptus? angustifolla Newberry. PI. XXXV, figs. 9, 14, 15. Eucalypfus? angustifolia'! n. Foss. Arct., vol. 0, (abtli. 2), 1SS2, p. 95, pi- ^6, fig. .5. 96 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Our fig. 9, for example, is almost certainly identical with Ms fig. 1, wliile our figs. 14, 15 may be equally well compared with his figs. 6, 7, although there seems to be but little doubt that two different species are represented. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXV, fig. 9. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Little Neck (Northport Harbor), Long Island, PI. XXXV, figs. 14, 15. Col- lected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Eucalyptus Geinitzi (Heer) Heer. PI. XXXV, figs. 1-8, 10-12. Eucalyptus Geinitzi (Heer), Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 193, pi. 19, fig. Ic; pi. 46, figs. 12c, 13; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 8; Uhler, Trans. Maryland Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1892 (1901), p. 207; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 99, pi. 2, fig. 1; ibid., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi 2, fig. 5; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 55, pi. 177, fig. 11; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol.7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 60, pi. 4, figs. 1-3; Newberry, 'Mon. U. S. Geol. Sur^'ey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 110, pi. 32, figs. 2, 12, 15 (16?). MijrtophyUum (Eucalyptus?) Geinitgi Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 22, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4. The varietj' of forms wliich Heer and subsequent authorities have referred to this species is probably as great as is to be found in bjyj other fossil leaf species. The tj^pe figures from Moletein (loc. cit.) are unquestionably identical with our fig. 10, while between these and the larger, broader forms figured by Velenovsky" there is every jjossible gradation in size and shape, and it is impossible to resist the conviction that several distinct species should be recognized among them. Ours are fairly uniform, however, and present but minor differences between themselves, so that I have but little hesitation in regarding them as all belonging to one species. Locality: Black Rock Point, Block Island, PI. XXXV, figs. 1, 2. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Southeast Point, Block Island, PI. XXXV, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXV, figs. 3, 5-S. Collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXXV, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXV, fig. 10. Collected by Ai-thur HoUick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Ai-ts and Sci. Eucalyptus Schubleei (Heer) ? n. comb. Pi. XXXVI, fig. 6. MyrtophyUum {Euccdyptux) SchuUeri Heer, Neue Denkschr. Schw. Gesellsch. Naturwissensch., vol. 23 (Fl. Moletein), 1869, p. 23, jJl. 11, fig. 2. It is unfortimate that in both our specimens and Heer's only a portion of each leaf is preserved, so that the identification can be regarded as only provisional. In GUI'S the indicated shape of the leaf is somewhat more linear than in Heer's, but the reticulated network of secondary and tertiary nerves, wliich ultimately join and form the marginal nerve, is identical in both. a Fl. Uiilim. Kreldotonn., pt. 1, l.ss.'i, pi. 2 (2.j), liRS. 1-5. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 97 It is probable that the fragmentaiy leaf remains from the clay marl of Cliff- wood, N. J., wliich Berry refers to Ficus reticulata (Lesq.) KJaowlton, " belong with our species and not with that to wliich they are referred. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Eucalyptus latifolia n. sp. PI. xo;vi, figs. 1-5. Leaves large, about 1.5 decimeters long by 5.3 centimeters maximum width, entire, broadest about the middle, tapering rather abruptly to an attemiated, curved or flexuous, pointed apex and narrowed to the base- secondarj' nervation fine, numerous, leaving the midrib at angles of about 45°, irregularly disposed, flex- uous, terminating in a marginal nerve. This is apparently a large species of Eucalyptus, although in many respects it is suggestive of certain species of Ficus, as, for example, F. protogsea Heer,^ in wMch, however, the characters of the apex are not described or figured. The leaves from our region wliich I regard as belonging to the latter species are depicted on PI. X, figs. 4-6, of this monograph under F. atavina Heer. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXVI, fig. 1. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVI, figs. 2-.5. Collected by David Wliite. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Mtrtophyllum Waederi Lesquereux. PI. XXXV, fig. 13. MyriophyUum, Warden Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1S92, p. 136, pi. 53, fig. 10. MyrtophyUum {Eucalyptus 1) Geinitzi Heer, HolKck, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 2. It is unfortunate that both our figure and that of the type (loc. cit.) show only the lower parts of the leaves, but as far as these can be compared they are so closely ahke that they might almost be taken for counterparts of the same specimen, and their specific identity is beyond question. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York. Bot. Gard. Order UMBELLALES. Family ARALIACE^. Hedera simplex n. sp. PI. XXXVII, fig. 9. Leaf palmately 3-lobed; lateral lobes broad, divergent, rounded below to a cordate base ; secondary nerves rather remote from each other, diverging from the primaries at varying angles, ultimately bending sharply, joining, and forming a coarse network of subrectangular and polygonal areolie. This fragmentary specimen apparently indicates a leaf closely resembling our living ivy {Hedera helix L.) . Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. a Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 73, pi. 62, flg. 5; pi. 53, figs. 1, 4. b Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 108, pi. 29, fig. 2b; pi. 30, figs. 1, 2a, 3, 3b, 4a, 8. MON L — 06 7 98 FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YOEK AND. NEW ENGLAND. Aealia patens Newberry? PI. XXXVIII, fig. 3. Ardiafatem Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Ainboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 117, pi. 28, fig. 3. HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 174, fig. 4. In the Flora of the Amboy Clays (loc. cit.) Newberry describes and figiires a broadly divergent type of Aralia under this name, with which our fragment may be provisionally identified. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Aralia palmata Newberry. PI. XXXVIII, fig. 4. Aralia palmata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 117, pi. 39, figs. 6, 7; pi. 40, fig. 3; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 93, pi. 44; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 79, pi. 4, fig. 12. Aralia rotundiloha Newb.?, Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. '421, pi. 38, fig. 2. Aralia sp. Hollick, Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. roO. This specimen was originally referred by me provisionally to Aralia rotundiloha Newb. (loc. cit.), but I am now convinced that it belongs to A. fahnata Newb., and that it is identical with liis fig. 3, pi. 40 (loc. cit.), which represents a specimen from the Amboy clays of New Jersey. Specimens apparently referable to the species have also been found in the claj' marls at Chffwood, N. J. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Aralia gronlandica Heer. PI. XXXVII, figs. 3-6. Aralia gronlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 84, pi. 38, fig. 3; pi. 39,fig.l ; pi. 46, figs. 16, 17; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13: Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1395 (1896), p. 116, pi. 28, fig. 4; Berry, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 94, pi. 45, fig. 4. The specimens represented by our figs. 4, 5 are apparently small 3-lobed forms of the species, which is the prevailing form in this region, agreeing with those figured by Newberry and Berry from the Cretaceous of New Jersey (loc. cit.). Fig. 6 is probabty a portion of a lateral lobe with a small sublobe such as frequently occurs in the leaves of this species, especially in those so referred bj^ Lesquereux from the Dakota group." In many respects our fig. 5 bears a striking resemblance to Sterculia Krejcii Vel.* and to S. aperta Lesq.*^, except that in the latter species the lobes are more divergent. The great difference in size between our figs. 4 and 5 might seem to preclude the probability of their specific identity, but tliis feature seems to obtain in other species from the region, notably in the case of Aralia polymorpJia Newb.,'' and "Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 131, pi. 54, figs. 1-3. 6F1. Bohm Kreidetorm., pt. 2, ISS?, p. 22 (47), pi. 5 (13), fig. 1. cCret. and Tert. Fl., 1S83, p. S2, pi. 10, figs. 2, 3. dilon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. .\mboy Clays), 1895 (1S90), pi. 39, figs. 1-5. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 99 largely for that reason I have concluded to regard these two specimens as forms of one species. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXVII, figs. 3, 6. Collected by David White. Specimen in IT. S. Nat. Mus. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVII, figs. 4, 5. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Aralia Ravniana Heer. PI. XXXVII, figs. 1, 2. Aralia Ramiiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 84, pi. 38, figs. 1,2; Berry, BuD. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 92, pi. 46, fig. 7; pi. 53, fig. 2; pi. 57, fig. 1[?]. Stercidia Snowii Lesq. ? Hollick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 422, pi. 37, fig. 4. These are not very satisfactory specimens upon which to base definite con- clusions, but they agree fairly well with this species and with similar fragmentary remains so referred by Berry from the clay marls of Cliffwood, N. J. (loc. cit.). Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXVII, fig. 1. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. XXXVII, fig. 2. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Aralia nassauensis Hollick. PI. XXXVIII, figs. 1,2. Aralia Nassauensis HoUick, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 55, pi. 174, figs. 3, 7. This species, of which the type specimens are here figured, appears to be related to A. WeUingtoniana Lesq.," but is much broader. Locality: Brooklyn, Long Island; fig. 1 collected by W. Miles; fig. 2 collected by J. C. Brevoort. Specimens in Mus. Long Island Hist. Soc. Aralia coeiacea Velenovsky. PL XXXVIII, figs. 5, 6. Aralia coriacea Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1884, p. 11 (58), pi. 1 (16), figs. 1-9; pi. 2 (17), fig. 2; Hol- , lick, BuD. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 415, pi. 73, fig. 3. / This species appears to be quite well defined in our specimens, and fig. 5 resem- bles so closely the shorter forms depicted by Velenovsky (loc. cit.) that there seems to be every reason for regarding them as identical. Several other specimens, more fragmentary however than those figured, are included in the collections from Gay Head and Glen Cove, so that it may be regarded as a not uncommon element of our insular flora in those localities. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXVIII, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XXXVIII, fig. 6. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 131, pi. 21, fig. 1; pi. 22, figs. 2, 3; Newberry, Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), pi. 26, flg. 1. 100 FLORA OF SOUTHEEX NEW YORK AND NEAV ENGLAND. Panax cretacea Heer. PI. XXXVIII, fig. 7. Panax cretacea Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-FL), 1874, p. 114, pi. 32, figo. 9, 9b, 9c, 9d, 10. Tliis little fruit has every appearance of identity with Heer's species and it is interesting to find it associated both in Greenland and in our region with leaves of a.raliaceous plants. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Chondrophyllum ORBicuLATUM Heer. PI. XXXVII, fig. 8a. ClondrophyUum orbimlaiumS.eev, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.) 1874, p. 115, pi. 31, fig. 3c: pi. 32, fig. 13; HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci,, vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pi. 2, fig. 2b. Although the finer nervation is not preserved in our specimen the coarser nerva- tion and the mdicated form of the leaf are apparently identical with Heer's species. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Series II. GAMOPETAL^E. Order ERICALES. Family ERICACEAE. E^ALMiA Brittoniana Hollick. PL XXXIX, figs. 8, 9. Kdmia Brittoniana Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 2, figs. 7, 8. The type specimens of this species, here figured, do not show any indications cf secondary nervation, otherwise they might be compared \vith C'elastropJiyllum cre- taceum Lesq.'' from the Dakota group, and no others have yet been found. The absence of secondarj^ nervation, indicating a leaf of thick, coriaceous texture was what largely influenced me in referrmg the leaves to the genus Ealmia. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Andromeda latifolia Newberry. Pi. xxxrx, fig. 1. Andromeda latifolia Newb., Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. iVmboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 120, pi. 33, figs. 6-10; pi. 34, figs. 6-11; pi. 36, fig. 10; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard.,vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 79, fig. 3.' Among the numerous figures of this species given by Newberry (loc. cit.) the one which appears to denote unquestionable identity with our specimen is fig. 8, pi. oMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 173, pi. 38, figs. 12-U. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 101 33. It evidently possessed considerable diversity of form and in some instances these can hardly be distinguished from certain forms of A. Parlatorii Heer, next described. Locality: Oak Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer. PI. XXXIX, figs. 2-.5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helvet. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, no. 1 (Phyl. Cret. Nebr.), 1867, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 5; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 97, pi. 2, fig. 4; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey^ vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 120, pi. 31, figs. 1-7; pi. 33, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 175, fig. 2; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 420, pi. 37, fig. 7; Berry, BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 97, pi. 50, figs. 1-4; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 79, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2. This species has been made to include so many diverse forms that there does not seem to be any excuse or explanation necessarj'' for regarding the specimens here figured as all belonging to it. The leaves depicted by Heer,"^ from Greenland are smaller than the majority of those from the Amboy clays of New Jersey (loc. cit.) and those from the Dakota group of the West, ^ with which latter our fig. 2 may be compared, while our other figures are almost exactly duplicated by certain of the sjnaller forms from Greenland and New Jersey. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PL XXXIX, fig. 2. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XXXIX, fig. 3. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Tottenville, Staten Island, PL XXXIX, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Glen Cove, Long Island, PL XXXIX, fig. 5. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Andromeda flexuosa Newberry. PI. XXXIX, fig. 6. Andromeda flexuosa Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 121, pi. 34, figs. 1-5; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 79, fig. 2. The distinction between this species and certain forms of the one last described is often rather difficult to determine, but there seems to be no doubt that the speci- men here figured is referable to A. flexuosa as differentiated by Newberry. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.) , 1874, pi. 32, figs. 1, 2; vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1880, pi. 21, figs, lb, 11; pi. 42, flg. 4c. 6 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 19, flg 1; pi. 52, flg. 6. 102 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Andromeda tenuinervis Lesquereux. PI. xxxrs, fig. 7. Andromeda tenuinervis Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 116, pi. 38, fig. 7. Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer, HoUick, Trans. Xew York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 2. The original determination of this specimen by me as Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer was imdoubtedly erroneous, and there can be but httle doubt that its present reference is correct, and unquestionably the leaf is more like Andromeda than are many to which that generic name has been applied. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur HolHck. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Order PRIMULALES. Family ilYKSINACEiE. Mtrsine elongata Newberry. PI. VIII, fig. lb; Pi. XXXIX, figs. 13, 14. Myrsine elongata Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Oays), 1895 (1896), p. 122, pi. 22, figs. 1-3; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Qub, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pi. 177, fig. 2; Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 189^, p. 420, pi. 38, figs. 3, 4b. The specimen represented by our fig. 13 has a more elongated base than any of Newberry's figures, thus giving to the leaf a spatulate shape, but a very slight modification of the outline would be sufficient to make it conform to the general type, and I have but little hesitation in includmg it under this species. Locality: Arrochar, Staten Island, PI. VIII, fig. lb; PI. XXXIX, fig. 14. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. XXXIX, fig. 13. Collected by Arthiu- Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Myrsine borealis Heer. PI. XXXIX, figs. 10, 11. Myrsine borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 113, pi. 32, fig. 23; White, Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 39, 1890, p. 98, pi. 2, fig. 5; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 122, pi. 24, figs. 4-6 [?]. Diospyros rotundifolia Lesq., Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 53, pi. 179, fig. 2. I consider it very doubtful if the leaves from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, referred by Newberry to this species (loc. cit.), should be so regarded, but there seems to be no room for doubt in regard to our specimens. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vmeyard, PI. XXXIX, fig. 10. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XXXIX, fig. 11. Collected by Ai-thur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 103 Mtrsinites? Gaudini Lesquereux. PI. xxxrx, fig. 12. Myrsinites? Gaudini Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 115, pi. 52, fig. 4. Bhamnus Rossmassleri Ung., HoUick, Trans. New York Acad Sei., vol. 12, 1892, p. 35, pi. 3, fig.5. The original identification of this specimen as Rhamnus Rossmassleri Ung., a Tertiary species, was undoubtedly erroneous, and it is certaui that it is identical generically with leaves which have been referred to Myrsine or Myrsinites and apparently to this species. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Order EBENALES. Family EBENACE^. DiosPYROS PRiM^VA Heer. Pi. XL, figs. 2, 11. Diospyros primseva Heer, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., vol. 22, no. 1 (Phyl. Cr^t. Nebr.), 1867, p. 19, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7; PoUard, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1894, p. 180; Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 124, pi. 30, figs. 1-5; Berry, BuU. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905, p. 46, pi. 2, fig. 2. A considerable number of diverse forms have been included by Heer under this species, "^ in addition to which a number of others were subsequently referred to the species by Lesquereux'' and Newberry (loc. cit.). For this reason I have also decided to include the doubtful fragmentary specimen represented by our fig. 1 1 . Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PL XL, fig. 2. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 11. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. DiosPYEOS APicuLATA LesquBTeux? PL XL, figs. 4-6. Diospyros apicuUta Lesq., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. 110, pi. 14, fig. 3; Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. BTiamnus pfaffiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, pi. 4, fig. 3. These leaves have the nervation of Diospyros and the general form of this species, but unfortunately, in each specimen the characteristic apex is lacking, so that posi- tive identification is not possible. Locality: Princess Bay, Staten Island, PI. XL, fig. 4. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 5. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 6. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. uFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, pi. 18, flg. 11; ibid., vol. 7, pi. 61, figs. 5a, 5b, 5o. bMon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, pi. 20, figs. 1-3. 104 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. DiosPYROs PROVECTA Velenovskj. PI. XL, figs. 7-10. Diospyros provecfa Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 18S4, p. 2 (49), pi. 8 (23), figs. 1-5, 10. Bhamnus Pfaffiana Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1892, p. 103, pi. 4, fig. 1. Diospyros Steenstrupi Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 8. Myrsine elongata Newb, Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, fig. 2. These leaves, which all show the characteristic nervation of Diospyros, are hardly separable from some which maybe fomid included under 2). apiculatu Lesq. in this monograph. The latter, however, are generally broader and with the sec- ondary nervation diverging at a somewhat more obtuse angle. The Tertiary species D. iracJiysepala A. Br." is more nearly like our figures than is either of the others mentioned, as may be seen by a comparison with the figures by Heer,* but it is haz- ardous to regard this species as having such a great vertical range as identity between them would imply. A narrow form of D. primseva Heer "^ is almost certainly identical with D. pro- vectaYe\.,&s here recognized, and in anj^ revision of the genus I would have no hesita- tion in so includmg it. Locality: Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 7. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Tottenville, Staten Island, PL XL, figs. 8, 10. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 9. Collected by David '\'\Tiite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Diospyros psetjdoanceps Lesquereux. PI. XL, fig. 3. Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesq., Men. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 17 (Fl. Dak. Gr.), 1892, p. Ill, pi. 22, fig. 1. Diospyros primseva Heer, Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1893, p. 236, pi. 7, fig. 5: Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r51. There seems to be but little doubt that our specimen is identical with this species, according to the single figure given by Lesquereux (loc. cit.), but it must be admitted that some of the specific distinctions recognized in this genvis are not altogether satisfactory. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Diospyros prodromus Hear?. PI. XL, fig. 12. Diospyros prodromns Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 3 (Kreide-Fl.), 1874, p. 113, pl. 28, fig. 6c; pi. 32, figs. 3-7. Heer's figures of this species are not very satisfactory, but his fig. 3 agrees essen- tially with ours, in which the characteristic horizontal tertiary nervation of the genus is discernible to a limited extent. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by David White. Specimen in U.S. Nat. Mus. "Br. and Leonli., Jalirl). Mineral.. ISli), p. 170. i>Fl. Tert. Helvot., vol. .'i. 185.1. pl. 102. fips. 1-H. cFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1SS3, pl. 01. flg. 5c. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 105 Order GENTIANALES. Family ASCLEPIADACE^. Periploca cretacea, n. sp. PI. XL, fig. 16. Leaf elliptical to slightly obovate in outline, 1 decimeter long by about 3 centimeters maximum width, entire, tapering to an acute base and abruptly narrowed to a long acute apex ; midrib flexuous, thick at the base and relatively thin above ; secondary nervation fine, close, leaving the midrib at acute angles of divergence and connected by fine reticulated tertiary cross nervation. This leaf is unique in our collection and I have been unable" to compare it with any described species from elsewhere, although it is suggestive of several which have been included, under other generic names, in the Asclepiadace^ and ApocjmaceBe, from the Tertiary of Europe." Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in XJ. S. Nat. Mus. Order RUBIALES. Family CAPRIFOLIACE^. Viburnum Hollickii Berry. PI. XL, fig. 17. Viburnum HollicMi Berry, Am. Nat., vol. 37, 1903, p. 683, figs. 5, 6, p. 678. Gremiopsis mbumifolia Ward, HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 59, pi. 174, fig. 8. This specimen is almost certainly a small form of this species and not a Grew- iopsis, as originally identified by me. Its similarity to Viburnumwus noted byme (loc. cit.); but at that time there was no described species in the genus with which it could be satisfactorily compared, and I did not think it advisable to base the description of a new species upon such a fragmentary specimen. Locality: Lloyd Neck, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specifnen in Mus. New York Bot. Card. ' Viburnum integrifglium Newberry. PI. XL, fig. 1. Viburnum integrifolium Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 125, pl. 41, fig. 1; Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 54, pl. 177, fig. 7; Fifty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. rSl. I am of the opinion that Newberry's reference of this species to the genus Vibur- num weis questionable, but there is no doubt that our specimen is identical with his V. integrifolium (loc. cit.) from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, and I have retained the name in full in order to avoid any possible confusion which might result in placing it under some other genus. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. o- A'pocynophyllum (sningense Heer, Pl. Tert, Helv., vol. 3, 1859, p. 21, pl. 104, fig. 4; Acerates veterana Heer, ibid., p. 20, pl. 104, fig. 5, etc 106 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. DIGOTYLEDONOUS LEAVES OF UNCERTAIN RELATION. Dewalquea gronlandica Heer? PI. VIII, fig. 25. Dewalquea gronlandica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 87, pi. 29, figs, IS, 19; pi. 42, figs. 5, 6; pi. 44, "fig. 11 : Newberry, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 189.5 (1896), p. 129, pi. 41, figs. 2, 3, 12; HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sei., vol. 11, 1898, p. 423, pi. 36, fig. 7; Berry, Bull. New YOTk Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903, p. 98, pi. 57, fig. 3. Whatever may be thought of our specimen in comparison with the type figures of Heer (loc. cit.), it agrees quite well with his subsequent 'figures," and is undoubt- edly identical with the specimens so referred by Newberry (loc. cit.) from the Creta- ceous of New Jersey. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Dewalquea insignis Hosius and von der Marck? . ■ PI. VIII, fig. 24. Dewd^iea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck, Paleontog., vol. 26, 1880, p. 172 (48), pi. 32, figs. 111-113; pi. 33, fig. 109; pi. 34, fig. 110; Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 9. This specimen is too fragmentary to base on it a positive determination, but it is sufficiently like some of the leaves of tliis species for at least a provisional reference. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Premnophtllum trigonum Velenovsky. PI. XL, figs. 13, 14. Premnophyllum trigonum Vel., Fl. Bohm. Kreideform., pt. 3, 1884, p. 4 (51), pi. 3 (18), fig. 2; Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 79, fig. 1. It is exceedingly doubtful if this species, as indicated in the generic name, belqjigs in the Verbenacefe, and, indeed, Velenovsky subsequently renamed it Cis- so'phyUum exulum,^ with the idea that it was more likely to be related to the Vitacese. As long therefore as its botanical relationships are in doubt I have not thought it advisable to disturb its original name. Locality: Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. XL, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. XL, fig. 14. Collected by David Wliite. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Phyllites PoiNSETTioiDES Hollick. PI. XXXIII, fig. 1. Phyllites poinsettioides Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 37, pi. 1, fig. 10. Only the type specimen of this species is known to me, the original figure of which is here reproduced. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected b}"- Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. an. Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, pi. 62, flgs. 5, 6. bAbh. K. Bohm. Ocsollsch. Wissonsch., vol. S (Kvot. Cost. Ccnomami), 1889, p. 24, pi. 6, flgs. -1, 5. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 107 FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND ROOTLETS OF UNCERTAIN RELATION. WiLLiAMSONiA PEOBLEMATicA (Newberry) Ward. PI. V, figs. 27-32. WiUiamsonia prollemaiica (Newb.) Ward, Fifteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geo). Survey, 1893-94 (1895), p. 382. Palseanthus (Willmmsonia) prohlematicus Newb. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 125, pi. 25, figs. 1-9; HoUick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am.', vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. This exceedingly interesting species has been so fiillj^ described and illustrated by Newberry (Iqc. cit.) that any extended discussion here would be superfluous, and a careful examination of our specimens has resulted in adding nothing which could serve to throw any further light upon its probable botanical relationships, although certain forms, such as are represented by our figs. 27-.30, seem to connect it more closely than was at first suspected with WiUiamsonia cretacea Heer,° which he regarded as belonging in the Balanophoracese. The genus, however, has been shifted and referred by competent authorities to so many different orders and families that I have thought it safer to regard its systematic position as yet unsettled. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- m.ens in U. S. Nat. Mus. WiLLIAMSONIA RiESII Hollick. PI. V, figs. 25, 26. Wiaiamsonia ? Riesii Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. .37, pi. 1, figs. 2, 3. This organism was originally referred to the genus WiUiamsonia with some hesi- tation on account of the fragmentary character of the remains, and it may be seen to be strikingly similar in its general adpearance to Lepacydotes circularis Em- mons,'' which Ward placed under "Plants of doubtful affinity" (loc. cit.), and which Fontane regarded as the cone of a Gyuinosperm.'^ Mr. W. A. Seward, in a discussion of our specimen, says " it is probably a true WiUiamsonia," and places it under " Bennetites (WiUiamsonia) Flores;"'^ but whether it should be regarded as generically identical with W. prohlematica is per- haps open to question. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- mens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Strobilites perplexus n. sp. PI. II, fig. 43. Organism consisting of an elongated, ellipsoidal, pitted nucleus, attached to a relatively thick stem or petiole and with a series of overlapping, strap-shaped, longitudinally striated, petaloid appendages, arranged like a fan around the exterior. I have been unable to find a description or figure of any fossil with which this specimen may be satisfactorily compared, although it has some features in common oFl. Foss. Arct., vol. 6 (abth. 2), 1882, p. 69, pi. 12, fig. 1; pi. 13, fig. 9. ft.Fide Ward, Twentieth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1898-99 (1900), p. 311, pi. 47, flg. 4. c Araucarites caroHnensis Font., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 6 (Older Mesoz. Fl. Va.), p. 119. d Catalogue of tbe Mesozoio Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum, etc., pt. 2, Gymnospermae, 1895, pp. 155, 156. 108 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. yy ith Antliolifhes nymj^Jiseoides tlos.," from the Cretaceous of Westphalia, which the author subsequent!}^ renamed Pistites loriformis.'^ Our specimen, however, was apparently a cone or strobile, similar to those of Magnolia, with which geniis I am inclined to think it belongs. ' Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected hj David- White. Speci- men m U. S. Nat. Mus. Tricarpellites striatus Newberry. PL VII, fig. 1. TricarpeUiies siriaiiis Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 132, pi. 46, figs. 9-13. These organisms are very abundant in certain layers of the Amboy clays, but the specimen here figured is the only one thus far found ■\\dtliin the insular area. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U. S. Nat. Mus. Tricalycites ma-tor Hollick. PI. y, figs. 13-22. Tricalycites major Hollick, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 416, pi. 72, figs. 3-7. "Pinus, sp." Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 19. "Winged seed." HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 62, pi. 180, fig. 1. Tliis species was originally described in part (loc. cit.) as consisting of "Three entire, oblong-spatulate wings or appendages, . . . middle one usually the largest." With the material now in our possession, however, the following amended description seems to be advisable: Organism consisting of two (or, possibly, three) entire, longitudinally striated, oblong-spatulate wings or appendages, 2-4 centimeters long by 1-1.3 centimeters wide, attached to a common nucleus. The indications of a tripartite arrangement are quite vague, even in our figs. 20, 21, while figs. 14-16, if they were the only specimens knoAvn, would undoubtedly be described as consisting of but two appendages of equal size. Figs. 13 and 22 are somewhat doubtfully included, but they apparently represent detached \\'irgs. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, fig. 13. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, fig. 14. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, figs. 15, 17. Collected bj- David Wliite. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Glen Cove, Long Island, PI. V, figs. 16, 18-22. Collected by Arthur HoUick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. a Palaoontogr., vol. 17, 1869, p. 102, pi. 17, figs. 3.5, 30. I' Palaoontogr., vol. 20, 1S80, p. 1S2 (.W), pi. S.^, ligs. 1,51, 1.52. DESCEIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 1U9 Tkicalycites papyraceus Newberry. PI. V, figs. S-12. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb., Mon. U. S. Geo]. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 132, pi. 46, figs. 30-38; HoUick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 21, 1894, p. 63, pi. 180, fig. 8; Annals New York Ac'ad Sci., vol! 11, 1898, p. 61, pi. 3, fig. 6; ibid., p. 423, pi. 37, figs. 1, 2; BuU. New York Bot. Gard., vol. 2, 1902, p. 405, pi. 41, fig. 3; Fifty-fifth Ann. Kept. New York State Mus., 1901 (1903), p. r51; Berry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 31, 1904, p. 81, pi. 1, fig. 4. These organisms, as described and figured by Newberry (loc. cit.), are always 3-lobed or winged, -with the middle one larger than the other two, as is the case in our figs. 8, 9, in regard to the identity of which there can be no question. The frag- ment represented by our fig. 10, however, is manifestly too imperfect for positive identification, and in figs. 11, 12 the tripartite divisions are not well defined and the indications are that in any event these were all about equal in size. For this reason the identity of the latter tliree figures is perhaps questionable, and it is possible that they may represent small specimens of T. major Hollick, the species last described. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island, PI. V, figs. 8, 9. Collected by Arthur Hol- Uck. Specimens in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Balls Point, Block Island, PI. V, fig. 10. Collected by Arthur Holhck. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Chappaquiddick, Marthas Vineyard, PI. V, fig. 11. Collected by Arthur Hol- lick. Specimen in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Lloyd Neck, Long Island, PI. V, fig. 12. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Caltcites obovatus n. sp. PI. V, fig. 23. Organism consisting of a petioled nucleus, to which are attached two entire, obovate, longitudinally striated, mng-like appendages, each about 1.5 centimeters long by 1.3 centimeters in maximum width. This specimen is intermediate in size and shape between the species last described and certain forms of Tricalycites major Hollick," with wMch species itmay eventually have to be included. It is, however, unquestionably 2-winged, and the wings are shorter and relatively broader than in any recognized specimens of the latter. Locality: Nashaquitsa, Marthas Vineyard. Collected by David White. Speci- men in U: S. Nat. Mus. Caltcites alatus Hollick. PI. V, fig. 24. Calycites datus HoUick, Bull. New York Bot. .Gard., vol. 3, 1904, p. 417, pi. 72, fig. 8. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb., Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 15, 1895, p. 6. This species may perhaps be regarded as a small form of the one last described and possibly as one extreme of a series of forms of which the other extreme is repre- sented by Tricalycites major. Locality: Montauk Point, Long Island. Collected by Arthur HolUck. Speci- men in Mus. New York. Bot. Gard. a See this monograph, PI. V, figs. 16, 17. 1 K^ FLOEA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Carpolithus euontmoides n. sp. PI. VII, fig. 2. Carpolithus sp. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 4. This fruit is suggestive of Celastrus or Euonymus, although it appears to have had more than five carpels, wliich are not unlike the detached seeds shown in figs. 9,10. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Carpolithus vaccinioedes n. sp. PI. VII, figs. 19, 19a. Carpolithus sp. Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, figs. 16, 16 In general appearance these remains are suggestive of a raceme of some species of Vaccinium, although the details of the inflorescence seem to be more like those of some o-lumaceous plant. The specific name is therefore to be considered as merely indicative of its superficial aspect. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Fig. 19 nat. size; fig. 19a enlarged. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Carpolithus floribundus Newberry. PL VII, figs. 20, 21. Carpolithus florihurul.vs Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 133, pi. 46, figs. 17-21. It is perhaps not certain that these specimens are identical with Newberry's species, but their points of resemblance are certainly very similar and the slight dif- ferences which might be noted would be difficult to define. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vinej^ard. Collected by David White. Speci- mens in U. S. Nat. Mus. Carpolithus hirsutus Newberry. PI. VII, figs. 3-8. , Carpolithus hirsutus Newb., Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 26 (Fl. Amboy Clays), 1895 (1896), p. 134, pi. 46, figs. 14, 14a. "Carpolithus spinosu^ Newb.," Hollick, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. vol. 7, 1895, p. 13. ., The characters of this species are so well defined that there is no difficulty in identifying it. The remains are found in I'elative abundance in the Amboy claj's, and a number of specimens are included m the collections from Gaj^ Head. Locality: Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard. Figs. 3-5 collected by Arthur Plollick. Specimens in Mus. New York Bot. Gard. Figs. 6-8 collected by David White. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. Ill Caepolithus sp. PI. VII, figs. 9, 10. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 8. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island, PI. VII, fig. 9. Collected by Arthur Holliok. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, PI. VII, fig. 10. Collected by David White. Specimen in U. S. Nat. Mus. Carpolithus sp. PI. VII, fig. 11. ■ . Hollick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 6. Locality: Green Ridge, Staten Island. Collected % Heinirich Ries. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. , Carpolithijs sp. PI. VII, fig. 12. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 11. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Wm. T. Davis. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Caepolithus sp. Pi. VII, fig. 13. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 12. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Wm. T. Davis. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Caepolithus sp. PI. VII, fig. 14. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 15. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. Caepolithus sp. PI. VII, fig. 1.5. HoUick, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 14. Locality: Kreischerville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Speci- men in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. 112 FLOKA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Rhizomorphs. PI. VI, fig. 13. Rhizomorphs, HoUick, Annals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, p. 423, pi. 38, fig. 1. These peculiar fossils are especially abundant in nodules of hard clay ironstone at Tottenville, Staten Island, and I have found traces of them elsewhere. They usually consist of filamentous carbonaceous matter, more or less branching, encased in limonite. When the carbonaceous matter is absent only a tube of limonite remains, and where these appear at the surface they give rise to pit-like markings. The term rhizomorph was adopted for the reason that it was used by Dr. J. I. Northrop in his description of somewhat similar cylindrical structures in the coral rocks of the island of Nassau, " which he concluded were caused by concretionary structure around -the roots of plants. In our specimens it is difficult to determine what was the original positi'on of the matrix, but apparently the tubes are more or less at right angles to the original plane of deposition, in which case it is probable that the rhizomorphs represent the remains of rootlets in place, and they therefore may or may not be Cretaceous in age. . Post-Cretaceous vegetation, whose rootlets extend into a bed of Cretaceous clay, might equally well produce such a result. Whatever their true nature and origin may be, however, these remains are exceed- ingly characteristic and are worthj^ of description. Locality: Tottenville, Staten Island. Collected by Arthur Hollick. Specimen in Mus. Staten Island Assn. Arts and Sci. o Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 10, 1890, p. 16. BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. BOTAlSriCAIi RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FLORA. If the entire flora is regarded from the standpoint of the subkingdoms repre- sented, it may be seen that the Pteridophyta form a very insignificant element, and this is true not only in the number of species but also in the actual number of speci- mens collected. Six species, included in 5 genera, are all that we have thus far been able to identify, and most of these are fragmentary, whereas in the Amboy clays at least 10 species of ferns alonfe are known and several of these occur in con- siderable abundance at certain horizons which we have reason to believe are repre- sented in the insular formations. Recent discoveries of ferns in new exposures at Kreischerville, Staten Island, point strongly in this direction and indicate that additions to the pteridophytic flora may be expected from this locality when the exposures have been more fully examined. In the Spermatophyta, in a total of 91 genera and 216 species, the gymnosperms and angiosperms number 14 genera and 27 species and 77 genera and 189 species, respectively. In the former 2 species are regarded as belonging to the C3^cadales and the remainder to the Coniferales, while the angiosperms are represented by 4 genera and 4 species of Monocotyledones, and 73 genera and 185 species of Dicotyle- dones. The occurrence of the former class at the Long Island and Marthas Vine- yard localities may possess some significance, inasmuch as not a single species which could be included in it has as yet been found in the Amboj^ clays, although some cj^uestionable remains are described from the Cliffwood clay marls. The greatest interest naturally centers around the Dicotyledones, in which 146 species are included in the Choripetalfe, 16 in the Gamopetalse, and 2.3 are regarded as of uncertain relation. The Ranales is the largest order, including 5 families, 16 genera, and 55 species. Of these the largest family is the Magnoliacese, with 3 genera and 22 species, and the largest genus, Magnolia, with 14 species. The occurrence of several aquatic and semiaquatic plants, such as Nelumho, Marsilea, Typha, and Cyperacites, is interesting for the reason that they appear to be confined to Long Island and Marthas Vineyard, and may indicate either that pecul- iar local conditions prevailed there or else that they are elements of a flora belonging to a different horizon from any known on Staten Island. It is unfortunate that the botanical relationships of some of the most abundant and characteristic elements should be in doubt, but there is no question that the facts are not yet at hand with which to satisfactorily determine the systematic posi- tion of the species included under such genera as Liriodendropsis and Williamsonia. MON L— 06 8 . 113 114 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Their external characters are well defined and for this reason they will always be of stratigraphie value wherever found, but the problem of their exact biologic affini- ties remains to be solved. Finally, a word should be said in regard to the determinations of the coniferous remains, all of which have been referred to well-known fossil or living genera and most of them to well-known Cretaceous species, solely upon their external characters. These remains consist of leaves, twigs, cones, and cone scales, often completely dissociated one from the other and yet in many instances apparently belonging to the same genus or species. The actual relationship between specimens, as implied in the names, may therefore be not always correct, and on the other hand speci- mens to which different generic or specific names have been applied may belong to the same species, and in this connection a wide and interesting field for future investigation is open, in the examination of the internal structure of the specimens, when these are suflficiently well preserved to be sectioned and studied under the microscope. The lignites, which occur in great abundance at many horizons, also offer unlimited material for the future investigator, and their identification would undoubtedly throw a flood of light upon the genera which are represented in the flora, and in many instances would undoubtedly assist in correctly identifying and associating dismembered parts of sjjecies. It may also be remarked in connection with the gymnosperms that the number of species described does not give a correct idea of the actual proportion of this class of plants to the entire flora. It is probable that this proportion was considerably greater than the number of species would imply, as quantities of unidentified mate- rial are undoubtedly gymnospermous. A superficial examination of the hgnites alone proves this to be the case, and much of the macerated material which forms layers in the clays, especially at Kreischerville, also belongs in the same class. In the following table is given the number of species in the insular flora opposite each subdivision of the vegetable kingdom in which they belong : Systematic tabulation of the insular flora, showing number of species. Subdivisions. Pteridophyta Filieales Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia . . . Cyatheaceae Tliyrsopteris Polypodiacea? Onoclea Salviniales Marsiliacefe Marsilea Sagenopteris. Spermatophy ta Gymnospermse Cycadales Cycadaceae Podozamitea Number of species. 1 1 216 27 2 2 2 Subdivisions. Spermatophyta— Continued. Gymnospermse— Continued. Coniferales GingkoaceEB Czelcanowskia Baiera Protophyllocladus Pinaoese Dammara Pinus Cunningliamites. . , Sequoia Bracliyphyiluni . . . Widdringtonites. . . Frcnclopsis Moriconia Cyparissidium Number of species. 25 3 1 1 1 22 3 1 1 8 1 3 1 1 1 BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 115 Systematic tabulation oftlie insidqr flora, showing number of species — Continued. Subdivisions. Spermatophyta — Continued. Gymnospermje — Continued. Coniferales — Continued. Pinaceae— Continued. Juniperus Cone scale, undeter- mined Angiospermae Monocotyledonse Pandanales Typhaceae Typha Graminales PoaceEB Poacites > CyperaceEe.. Cyperacites Liliales LiliacesD MajanthemophyHum . . Dicotyledons Clioripetalae . Salicales Salicacese Populus. . : Salix Myricales Myricaeese Myrica Juglandales Juglandacese Juglans Fagales Fagaceae Quercus Urticales Ulmaceae Planera Moraceas Ficus Proteales Proteaceffi Proteoides Dryandroides Baoksites Ranales Nymphaeace^ Nelumbo Menispermaceae Menisperraites Cocculus : Cocculites Magnoliaceae : Magnolia Number of species. 1 1 189 4 1 1 1. 2 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 185 146 12 . 12 4 8 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 1 1 7 7 3 3 1 1 1 55 1 1 7 3 2 2 22 14 Subdivisions. Spermatophyta— Continued. AngiospermfE— Continued. Dicotyledonae— Continued. Choripetalae— Continued. Ranales— Continued. Magnoliacae — Continued. Liriodendron Liriodendropsis AnonaceEe Guatteria Lauraceffi Cinnamomum Persea Ocotea Nectandra Sassafras Malapoenna Laurus Laurophyllum Resales Platanaceae Platanus Rosacea ■ .. (Pomaceee) Amelanchier Leguminosse (Caesalptniaceae) . - Hymenaea Cassia (Papilionace£e) Colutea Dalbergia Phaseolites LeguminosEe of uncertain rela- tion Leguminosites Sapindales Anacardiace^ Rhus Pistacia Ilicaceae Ilex Celastraceae Celastrus Celastrophyllum , Gyminda Elaeodendron Aceraceae Acer Sapindaceae Sapindus Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Paliurus Number of species. 3 5 1 1 24 5 2 1 1 5 1 7 2 16 3 3 1 1 1 12 3 2 1 6 1 3 2 3 3 13 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 10 9 116 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOKK AND NEW ENGLAND. Systematic tabulation of the insular flora, 'TiovAng number af species — Continued. Subdivisions. Spermatophyta— Continued. Angiospermae— Continued. Dicotyledonaer-Continued. Choripetalae — Continued. Rhamnales— Continued. Rliamnacese — Continued. Zizyphus Rliamnus Ceanotiius Vitacese T Cissites Malvales Sterculiaceae Sterculia Pterospermites.. Myrtales Myrtacese Eucalyptus MyrtopliyUum. . . Umbellales Araliaceee Hedera Aralia Panax Chondrophyllum GamopetalcE Ericales Ericacese Kalmia Andromeda Number ol species. Subdivisions. Spermatophyta— Continued . Angiospermse— Continued. Dicotyledonse— Continued. Gamopetalae — Continued. Primulales Myrsinacese Myrsine Myrsinites Ebenales Ebenaceffi ' Diospyros Gentianales Asclepiadaceae Periploca Rubiales CaprifoliaeeEe Viburnum Dicotyledonous leaves of uncertain relation Dewalquea Premnophyllum Phyllites Flowers, fruit, and rootlets of uncertain relation Williamsonia Strobilites ■ Tricarpellites Tricalycites Calycites Carpolithus Rhizomorphs Number oJ species. 2 1 5 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 19 2 1 1 2 2 10 1 In the total known insular flora, consisting of 222 species, 31 are described as new in tliis monograph and 25 others have not yet been found elsewhere. Of these apparently localized species several are deserving of special mention, such as Onoclea inquirenda (Hollick) , which apparently represents the fertile frond of a fern ; Marsilea Andersoni Hollick, the first satisfactory^ fossil representative of this genus found in America, and the angiospermous leaves of uncertain sj^stematic position included under Liriodtndropsis spectahilis n. sp., which are apparently extreme forms of the many wliich are referred to this protean genus. The three new species, Guatteria cretacea, Ocotea nassauensis, and Gyminda pri- mordialis also add three genera new to the Cretaceous flora of North America. stratigrapiiicaIj and areal distribution of the flora. In the correlation table the stratigraphic position of the plant-bearing deposits^ as interpreted by a number of geologists, is indicated, and it now remains to discuss the evidence in this connection afl'ordi'd by the included plant remains thus far identified. Of the 222 sjiecies described in this monograph, about 60 are kno\\ni to occur in the Raritan formation at Sa3a'eville, Woodbridge, and South Amboj', N. J., and BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 117 some 40 or more in the Cliffwood formation, at Cliffwood, in the same State. Excluding some species of doubtful identity, there are about 20 species in the insular flora common to both formations. On the other hand, the insular flora contains more than 100 well-defined species and a number of other doubtful ones which have not yet been recorded from any of the New Jersey horizons. Some of these species are so well defined that thej^ could hardly have escaped attention had they been present in any of the collections made in New Jersej'', but recent discoveries by Mr. Edward W. Berry, kindly reported to me, have demonstrated that further collecting will undoubtedly result in adding several of the insular forms to the New Jersey list. In a recent communication transmitted to me by Mr. Berry, relating to material collected at Morgans and at the pits of the Clifl^wood Brick Company during the year 1905, a mimber of additions to the Cretaceous flora of New Jersey are given, which include Magnolia Capellinii Heer, Nelumho Kempii HoUick, Salix protesefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq., and Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq., which I have therefore included in the table of distribution for those locations. The first two are of special interest, for the reason that their comparative abundance on Long Island and Marthas Vineyard caused them to be regarded as characteristic of the formation at these localities and it was recognized that if the same species were found at other places they would serve as important correlation factors. Of yet further significance in connection with this flora, made known by Mr. Berry, may also be noted the occurrence of another species of Nelumho {N. primaeva Berry), which, however, Mr. Berry is now inclined to consider as a small form of N. Kempii, and a Salmnia {Salvinia sp.), both of' which genera are represented in the insular flora on Long Island, but not in that of the Amboy clays as described by Newberry. The beds fi-om which Mr. Berry's collections were made are intermediatb in their stratigrapliic position between the typical Raritan plastic clays of the Wood- bridge and Amboy horizons and the typical Cliffwood clay marls of the Cliffwood bluff, and may therefore be expected to yield a number of species not foimd either below or above them, and the probabilities are that among these, when further col- lections are made, \v'ill be included other species of the insular flora which have not as yet been discovered on the mainland. In this connection it may be pertinent to quote the following abstract fi-om pages 415 and 416 of my paper on "Additions to the Palaeobotany of the Cretaceous Formation on Staten Island, No. II,"'' written before the above mentioned dis- coveries of Mr. Berry were reported : It was previously taken for granted that all the Cretaceous strata on Staten Island were continuations of those at Perth Amboy and Woodbridge, and that the fossil plants found in them or deriyed from them would prove to be identical with those of the mainland. Such, however, has not been found to be the case, and this fact has seemed to indicate that some of the strata from which the Staten Island plants were derived may represent a different and presumably a higher member of the Amboy clay series than do those represented at the NeT^ Jersey localities mentioned. * * * If a geological map of New .Jersey be examined and the trend of the clay outcrops be theoretically extended on to Staten Island, it may be readily seen that the lower beds, repre- sented by those at Woodbridge, Sayreville, Perth Amboy, and possibly South Amboy, wculd strike the westera shore of Staten Island in the viciiiity of Tottenville and Kreischerville, while the upper beds, represented by oAnnals New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1898, pp. 415^30. 118 FLORA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. those in the vicinity of Cheesequake Creek [Morgans], would strike along the southern shore of the island from Tottenville to Arioohar. This probability is further strengthened by the fact that marl bed fossils [invertebrates] have been found in the moraine at the latter locality, showing that strata even higher than the upper members of the clay series are or once were represented there. From a consideration of these facts and other similar ones in connection with the Cretaceous clays on Staten Island, Long Island, Block Island, and Marthas Vineyard, the name "Island series" was given by Dr. Lester F. Ward to the strata represented on these islands. I The "Island series" would therefore lie above the Amboy clays, as described byNewberry,o and below those of the clay marls at Cliff wood, as described by me in a recent paper, ti The striking manner in which the theory as above outhned has been verified by a critical examination of all the available paleontologic evidence and by subsequent investigations in the field is exceedingly gratifying, and we are now in a position to state with almost absolute certainty that the Ki-eischerville beds are the equiv- alents of those at Woodbridge and Amboy and that on Long Island and eastward the deposits include not onl}^ these, but also the liigher strata represented on the main- land by those at Morgans and Cliffwood ; and the fact that plants from ail these hori- zons, as well as invertebrate remains from yet higher, are abundant in the moraine throughout indicates that the strata from wliich they were derived formerly existed over an area farther to the north than where they are now exposed and probably included a large part of what is now Long Island Sound, whence they were eroded hj glacial action during the Quaternary period. A comparison of our flora with that of the Dakota group shows that at least 58 species, and perhaps more, are identical with species of that group, indicating a close relationsliip, which would be rendered even more striking by including in the comparison the Cretaceous flora of New Jersey. It is worth}'- of note, however, that, in the West, Dakota types of plants occur in the Judith River beds, which are of Senonian age and separated from the Dakota hj more than 1,000 feet of marine sediments. Comparing the flora next with those of the Kome, Atane, and Patoot beds of Greenland, it may be seen that 54 of our species, some of them the most character- istic, are represented in those horizons. Of these species, onlj^ 9 occur in the Kome, and it is significant that the identity of 6 of these is questioned; 40 occur in the Atane and 23 in the Patoot beds, including 14 common to both, and a critical analysis seems to indicate a closer relationship with these latter, regarded as a floral unit, than with the Dakota flora. This relationship is indicated not so much by the actual number of species in common as it is by the relative abundance of certain species which may be regarded as characteristic, such as Ounninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl., Widdringtonites ReicJiii (Etts.) Heer, Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts., Dammara horealis Heer, Nelumho Kempii (Hollick) Hollick (probably iden- tical with Nelumiium ardicum Heer), Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb., Celastrus arctica Heer, etc.; and inasmuch as none of the above is recognized as a typical Dakota-group species, the relationsliip of our eastern Cretaceous flora -with that of Greenland may be regarded as closer than ^\•ith that of our Western States. Heer considered the Atane flora to be probably Cenomanian, while he recognized oMon. U. S. Ocol. Survey, vol. 2G (Fl. Amboy Clays). liTho Crotacoous clay marl exposure at Clillwood. N. J.; Trans. Now York Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1897, pp. 124-136. BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 119 that the fauna of the Patoot beds proved them to be Senonian. The observations of White and Schuchert" have confu-med the reference of the Patoot beds to the Senonian, and they also show such close faunal and stratigraphic relations between the two series as to make it probable that the lower Atane beds are Senonian. We may therefore consider our insular flora and its equivalents on the mainland as, in part at least, Senonian in age, with possibly the oldest portion of it as old as late Cenomanian. Whether Turonian time is represented in the sediments and floras of the region must be left for future investigation. It is interesting to note in this con- nection that the fauna of the Cliffwood clays as recently listed by Weller '> shows only Senonian affinities. No attempt has been made at an exliaustive comparison with the Cretaceous flora of Europe, but an examination of the Senonian flora of Quedlinburg, in Saxony, and of the Cenomanian flora of Moletein, in Saxony, described by Heer, and that of Bohemia,. described by Velenovsky and Bayer, shows that our insular flora is closely related to all of them, as they contain such characteristic species as Dammara iorealis Heer, Widdringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer, CunningJiamites elegans (Corda) EndL, Moriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts., etc. In the following table the distribution of the insular flora as above outlined is set forth in detail. It might have been extended so as to include the lower Potomac formation of the South and the Laramie and allied formations of the West; but inas- much as the facts in relation to the distribution of the species wliich would be thus included are not essential to the solution of the insular flora correlation problem, these features are omitted. o Cretaceous series of the west 'coast of Greenland: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 9, 1898, pp. 343-368. 6 Jour. Geol., vol. 13, 1905, pp. 324-337. 120 FLOEA OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AND NEW ENGLAND. Table of distribution of the [Species marked with an asterisk (*) have been reported only from within the insular area. Species. Martlias Vineyard. Block Island. Long Island. o ft o i o 1 1 o CO a o « 4J a o CM 1 c o Z M G O li zs 3 & o a "C a "o o ■a a o C V g o 31 + 31 + + + + 31 32 + 33 34 + 35 35 + + ! 30 1 36 + 36 Frotophj'llocladus subintegJ'iEoKus (Lesq.) Berrj' + 37 + + 33 *Darainara northportensis HoUiek + 40 *Danirnara minor n. sp 40 + 41 + 41 Sequoia heterophylla Vel 41 Sequoia ambigua Heer + + + + 42 43 43 43 43 Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer. . + 44 Cone of Sequoia sp 44 Brachyphvllura macrocarpum Newb + 44 W ddringtonites Reichii (Etts.) Heer. + + + + 45 + 45 45 Frenelopsis Hoheneggeri (Etts.) Sclieiik? 46 Moriconia cyclotoxon Dell. & Etts + 46 Cyparlssidium gracile (Heer) Heer? 46 Juniperus hypnoides Ilocr 1 47 + + + 47 48 Poaci tes sp 48 48 49 Populus harkeriana Lesq 49 49 Populus stygia Heer? + + + 50 50 50 Saii.K ounoata Newb 51 Salix Meekii Newb 51 .Sali.x proteiefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq + + 52 + + 52 Salix protoa;f olia lincarifolia Lesq ? BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 121 species described in this work. In the Greenland column A indicates Atane, K indicates Kome, P indicates Patoot.] Long Island. Staten Island. New Jersey. ft o O X3 g g o 1 « o o > 8 i 3 s U2 k ■is r 5 a s a 3 03 < 1 o B 1 1 ID a © 1 s 6 > g o o 5: >> a < s a o CO to O § > o a3 + E. A. + K. -|- + 1 + + + 1 ■ 1 + + + K. + K. + A. + A. P. f + + + + + + + + -}- + + + + + + P. + K. A. + K. A. + A. P. + K. ^ + + + + + + + + + P. + + + + + + + + + + A. P. + A. + + + + + K. + A. P. + K.A.P. + A. + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 + + P. + + + + + + + A. P. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 122 FLOE A OF SOUTHEEN NEW YOEK AXD NEW ENGLAND. Table of distribution of the Species. Marthas Vineyard. Block Island. Long Island. o CD o a i 3 3 ft 1 'B •6 .s O -1 Pi ■s g o •1 s 3 .9 o ■a 3 a o is o w a o 5 2 g ■a & 5 tub a 5 ■a § J4 o o 53 1 53 Salix sp 53 S3 *Myrica HoUicki Ward 54 Myrica Zenkeri (Etts.) Vel.? 54 + 54 + + 55 Juglans crassipes Heer + + 55 1 56 + ....1 56 66 +- + + 57 57 Ficus mvricoides HoUiek. . 57 + 5S + + + 58 Ficus Krausiana Heer .... + 5S 59 59 Ficus Woolsoni Newb.? 59 Proteoides daplinogenoides Heer + + + + 60 60 Banksites Saportanus Ve! 61 61 62 Menispermites acutilobus Lesq.?. + 62 62 + 62 CocculLis cinnamomeus Vel. + + + 63 63 63 + 64 + + 64 64 65 + + + 6.5 Magnolia amplifolia Heer 65 66 66 Magnolia Isbergiana Heer 66 + 1 67 67 Magnolia alternans Heer. 67 67 Magnolia auriculata Newb + 68 68 68 * Liriodcndron uttenuatuin n. sp +■ ...! BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 123 species described -in o o s 3 a o k O +J 1 .as a H t4 ■s o t-l < i .a § S 1 o o5 > 03 ,13 1 q3 tie ■a iS S oj a g & 'u £^ O o o B o o5 O O O s S o i, o + + + .... + + + A. + + ? + + + + A. + P. + + + + ^ — + + + + .... + + + + + + + A. P. + + + + + + > + + + + + -t- + + + + + .... + + + + " +" + ?A. + + . + + + + + + + ? + + + + + + A. + + + + + + + 4- + + + + + A. + + + + + + + + A. + + + + + + + + + 124 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Tabk of distrihution of the Species. Marthas Vineyard. Block Island. Long Island. 1 .2 o 1 a '3 §■ S3 H >> c3 O 5 — c o Ph 1 .5 'o fin +3 O 3 =3 C O s B J. w o •a >> o 5 c 'u P, m ■a □ =3 m 1— ( C s i z J4 O 71 Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb + + 71 Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) 72 Liriodendropsis retusa (Heer) n. comb 72 Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb + 73 * Liriodendropsis speetabilis n. sp 73 * Guatteria cretacea n. sp + 74 *r'innnTnnmiiTn r>rfl a o a 6 '> d 1 t f 5 _2 1 ■g o o a 1 o 03 o O o ig 3 6 ft o 3 + + + + + + + + ? + + + P. + A. + + t + + • + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ? + + + + [ + ? + + + + + + A. P. + + + + + + + A. P. + A. P. 4- 1 + 1 + + 1 1 + ■ + + + P. + + + + + + ? + + A. + A. + + + + + + + + + A. 1 + + + + -V 126 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Table of dutrihution of the Species. Marthas Vineyard. Block Island. Long Island. o o a Ph 3 t ft B ■s i I o o o o 5 a 'o O o 3 44 o 3 tb o o 1 o + ss 1 + + 88 1 + + + 89 89 89 89 90 1 + 1 91 91 + + + 1 + 92 92 1 93 93 + + + + 93 94 + 94 94 95 + + + 95 + 95 + + + 96 96 97 + + + + 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 100 100 100 + + + + 7 + + + 101 101 102 102 102 103 + + + + Myrsinites? Qaudlni Lesq ....I BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. 127 species described in this work — Continued. Long Island. Staten Island. New Jersey. s tn s. o o 1 5 i l-H 6 t O S 02 § . 5 .as a s eg ,g 1 pq ta 1 o s ■s « a > 1 o 1 .2 g -a d 1 03 to o o o a a o o o s o 1 + i + + p. + + + ? + + + + + ' + + + + ? + + A. p. + + + 1 -L + + P. + + + P. + A. + + + + + + + A. + + + + + + + ? ? + + + + + + A. + S + + + •' 1 1 + + + + + + ? + + + + A. + A. + + + + + A. + A. -i- + + + + + + + + + + + + + A. + + + + + + + + + A. + + 128 FLORA OF SOUTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND. Table of distribution of the Species. Marthas Vineyard. Block Island. Long Island. o m a o i B a* a A o i ■s 0 0 i 0 0 4J ■5 1 •1 a 0 i 1 It S p. 3 ID 3 .9 U M 0 a 1— 1 1 0 j4 1 0 103 DinRpyrns pn'msTRvn, TTppr + + + 103 104 104 Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesq 104 105 + 105 Viburnum Hollickii Berry . . 105 106 106 Dewalquea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck? 106 + 106 * Phyllites poinsettioides Hollick . ... 107 + 107 * Williamsonia Riesii HoUick 107 * Strobilltes perplexus n. sp + + + 108 108 109 Tricalycites papyraceus Newb 109 109 iin * Carpolithus euonymoides n. sp 110 110 + + + 110 r,«rpnlit.hns hirsnt.ns Npwh 111 111 111 Carpolithus sp 111 111 Carpolithus sp 111 Carpolithus ap ■ 112 Tntfll nnmhor nf qpppipa^ 22? . 10 13 103 3 2 11 1 1 8 7 1 2 6 BOTANICAL DISCUSSION. described, in this work — Continued. 129 Long Island. Staten Island. New Jersey. li S o i 1 1 1— ( o o R 1 o 3 C It PL, O s 3 O s =1 u ■A ■s g < m 1 Ah 1 > 1 1 .a _e5 a t 1 1 o g 1 ci CQ q3 be a o o o S < O o 13 O O 3 6 £ + + + + + + + + A. p. + + + + + + +-A. + + 1 + + .... + A. P. - + + A P : -t- + + + + + ! + + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + ! 1""" + j t + + + + 1 1 1 i i 1 1 i L... + ! 2 67 12 6 4 3 6 5 1 36 30 1 11 49 15 6 42 58 54 j 37 MON L — 06 PLATES. 131 P L A T E I. Page. Figs. 1 -7. Onocela inquirenda (Hollick) n. comb 32 S. Gleichenia protogsa Deb. and Etts. '^ 31 9. Gleichenia gracilis Heer? 31 10-13. Thyrsopteris grevillioides (Heer) n. comb . - . . . 31 14-18. Marsilea Andersoni Hollick 33 19-21. Marsilea Holtingiana Schaff. (introduced for comparison) 33 22. Sagenopteris variabilis (Vel.) Vel. ? 34 132 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. I CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE II. Page. Fig. 1. Podozamites lanceolatus (Lindl. and Hutt.) Schimp 35 2-1 1 in part, 12-26 in part, 27a. Dammara borealis Heer . , 37 1 1 in part. Poacites sp - - - 48 26 in part, 27b, 28. Juniperus hypnoides Heer - 46 29-.32. Dammara cliffwoodensis Hollick (introduced for comparison) 39 33, 34. Dammara northportensis Hollick - 39 35-37. Dammara minor n. sp - - - - - 40 38. Cone scale of a conifer? - - 47 39, 47, 48. Pinus sp - 40 40. Sequoia Reichenbaclii (Oein.) Heer. - - 42 41 . Cone of Sequoia concinna Heer — - - - 43 42. Cone of Sequoia sp - - 44 43. Strobilites perplexus n. sp - - 107 44-46. Baiera grandis Heer? 36 134 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. M CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE III. Page. Fig. 1. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl 41 2, 3. Sequoia heterophylla Yel 41 4, 5. Sequoia Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer. . . -12 6. Sequoia sp 43 7, S. Sequoia ambigua Heer 41 9, 10. Brach^-pliyilum macrocai'pum Newb 44 11. Cypai-issidium gracile (Heer) Heer? 46 12-13a. .Juniperus hypnoides Heer 46 14. Sequoia gracUis Heer ?.. 43 15. Sequoia fastigiata (Sternb.) Heer? 43 16. 17. iloriconia cyclotoxon Deb. and Etts — 46 136 MONOGRAPH L PL. Ill U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE I^^. Page. Fig. 1. Widdringtonites fasciculatus n. sp 45 2-5. Widdringtonites suljtilis Ileer 45 6-8. Widdringtonites Reichii (Etts.) lieer 44 9, 10. Frenelopsis Hoheneggeri (Etts.) Schenk ? 45 138 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. IV CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE Y. Figs. 1-6. Protophyllocladus subintegrifolius (Lesq.) Berr\' 36 7. Czekanowskia dicliotoma (Heer) Heer? 36 8-12. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb 109 13-22. Tricalycites major Hollick _ 108 23. Calyeites obovatus n. sp _ — 109 24. Calyeites alatus Hollick 109 26, 26. Williamsonia Riesii Hollick 107 27-32. Williamsonia problematica (Newb.) Ward 107 140 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. V CRETACEOUS FLORA. • PLATE TI. Page. Figs. 1-3. Podozamites sp . . . _ . - - - - 35 4-6. Typha sp - 47 7, 8. Cyperacites sp - - - 48 9-11. Poacites sp - - 48 12. Majanthemophyllum pusillum Heer - - 48 13. Rhizomorplis 112 142 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. VI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE VII. Page. Fig. 1. Tricarpellites striatus Newb 108 2. Carpolithus euonymoides n. sp 110 3-S. Carpolithus hireutus Newb 110 9, 10. Carpolithus sp , HI 11. Carpolithus sp - - HI 12. Carpolithus sp - - HI 13. Carpolithus sp - - - HI 14. Carpolithus sp - HI 1.5. Carpolithus sp - — HI 16-18. Aments of Populus sp - - 50 19, 19a. Carpolithus vaccinioides n. sp I fig. 19a enlarged) HO 20, 21. Carpolithus fioribundus Xewb - - - HO 22. .\ment of Myrica sp - - - 5-i 23. Mvrica Zenkeri (Ett.s.) Vel. ? - S"! 24. Myrica HoUioki Ward - - - - - 53 25. Myrica Davi.sii HoUick - - - - - - 53 26, 27. SalLx cuneata Newb - - - - - - 50 28, 29. Populus '. apiculata Newb - - - 49 30. Populus st}-gia Heer? - ^^ 31. Populus harkeriana Lesq - - - - ■*" 144 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. VII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE YIII. Figs, la, 2—1. Salix protefefolia lanceolata Lesq 52 lb. Jlyrsine elongata Newb 102 Ic, 8, 9. SalLx Meekii Ne\yb 51 5, 6a. Salix protejefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51 6b. Eucalyptus ? nervosa Newb 95 7. Salix cuneata Newb . _ 50 10, 23. Salix membranacea Newb - 50 11. SalLx purpuroides Hollick 53 12. Salix protesefolia linearifolia Lesq. ? 52 13. SalLx sp - - - 53 14. Quercus morrisoniana Lesq - - - 56 15, 16. Quercus ( ?) novfe-cfesarete Hollick 56 17. Quercus sp 56 18, 19. Dryandroides quercinea Vel — 60 20, 21. Banksites Saportanus Yel 60 22. Planera betuloides n. sp 57 24. Dewalquea insignis Hos. and v. d. Marck ? . - — 106 25. Dewalquea gronlandica Heer? - 106 146 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. VIM CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE IX. Page. Figs. 1, 2. Ficus Willisiana IloUick .59 3-5. Juglans crassipe.s Ilccr .55 6-8. Juglaii.s arctica Hcor - - — — 54 9. Ficus Krausiana Heer 58 148 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. IX CRETACEOUS FLORA. ' PLATE X. Page. Figs. 1-3. Ficus Krau.siana Heer 58 4-6. Ficus at avina lleor 5g 150 U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Monograph l pl. X CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XI. Page. Figs. 1, 2. Ficus sapindifolia Hollick _ _ _ 58 3, 4. Juglans elongata n. sp 55 5, 6. Fieus Woolsoni Newb. ? . . . 59 7. Ficus fracta Vel 57 8, 9. Ficus rayricoides Hollick 57 152 U. S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XII. Page. Figs. 1-5. Proteoides daplinogenoidos Heer 59 6. Menispcrmitos Brvsoniiina IloUick _ . . 61 7. Menisperniites sp - - 62 8. Menispermites acutilobus Lesq. ? 62 9. Cocculus minutus Hollick - - 62 10-12. Cocculus cinnaniomeus Vel 62 13. Cocculites inquirendus n. sp 63 14. Cocculites imperfectus n. sp 63 154 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XIII Fios. 1-4. Nelumbo Kempii (llollick) liollick 156 Page. 61 U. s. Geological survey Monograph l pl. xiII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XIV. Figs. 1,2. Noliimbo Kempii (Ilollick) Hollick. 158 Page. 61 PLATE XY. Page. Nelumbo Kempii (Hollick) Hollick _ 61 160 U. S. GEOLOQIOAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XV CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XTI. Page Figs. 1-6. Nelumbo Kempii (HoUick) lloUick 61 7. Nelumbium arctioum Heer (introduced for comparison) 61 . 162 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XVI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE X\^II. Page. Fig. 1. Magnolia tenuifolia Lesq _ 64 2. Magnolia Lacoeana Losq 65 3, 4. Magnolia Capellinii Heer 63 164 MONOGRAPH L PL. XVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XVIIT. Page. Fig. 1. Magnolia amplil'olia Ilccr 65 2, 3. Magnolia pseudoacuniinata Lesq 65 4, 5. Magnolia tenuifolia Lcsq 64 166 U. S. QEOLOQIOAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XVIII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XTX. Page. Figs. 1-4. Magnolia speciosa Heer — 64 5. Magnolia auriculata Newb 67 6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb. ? ; "~ 168 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XIX CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XX. Page. ""iG. 1 . Magnolia Van Ingeni Hollick _ 67 2, 3. Magnolia longifolia Newb _..._._ 65 4. Magnolia Isliergiana Heer _ 66 5, 8. Magnolia auriculata Xewb 67 6. Magnolia glaucoides Newb. ? 67 7. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick 66 170 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XX CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXI. Page. Figs. 1-4. Guatteria cretacea n. sp — 73 5, 6. Magnolia longipes Newb. ( 64 7. Liriodendron primievum Newb 68 8. Liriodendron oblongifoiium Newb. '. . . 68 9-11. Liriodendron attenuatum n. sp — - 68 172 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXIT. Page. Figs. 1-6. Liriodendropsis .spectabilis n. sp - 73 7. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) _ — 71 174 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXM \ 11 ^ \ li / \ '1 / N W / H / \ w ■s 11 / 7 X il / Ml/ CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXIII. Page. Figs. 1-7. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 72 176 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXIV. Page. Figs. 1-9. Liriodendropsis siiiipk'.x (Newb.) Ncwb 72 178 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIV CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXA^. Page. 73 Figs. 1, 4, 5, 7, 10-12. Liriodendrop.sis simplex (Newb.) Newb 2, 3. Bignonia pulcherrima Bayer (introduced for comparison) 70 6. Myrsinophyllura varians Vel. (introduced for comparison) 70 8, 9. Liriodendropsis rctusa (Heer) n. comb 72 180 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXV CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXTI. Faee. Figs, la, 2-5. Liriodendropsis aagustifolia Newb 71 lb, Ic, Id. Liriodendropsis simplex (Newb.) Newb 72 6-1.5. Liriodendropsis constricta (Ward var.) _ 71 1^2 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XX VII. Page. Figs. 1-5. Lauropliylluin elegans n. sp - - - 81 6, 7. Lauropliylluin nervillo.suni n. sp - - - 82 8. Ocotea nas.sauensis n. sp _ 76 9, 10. Laums plutonia Heer - 80 11, 12. Laurus angusta Iloer - - - - - - - - 81 13, 14. Nectandra imperfecta n. sp - 76 184 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVII CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE XXTIII. Page. Figs. 1 , 2. Laurus plutoiiia Heer 80 3-8. Laurus nebrascensis (Le.sq.) Lesq 79 9, 10. Laurus antecedens Lesq SO 11. Laums Hollae Heer?_ _ 80 186 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXVIII CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE XXIX. Page. Fitis 1-3. Sassafras angustilobum n. sp _ 77 4. Sassafras hastatum Newb. ? ... 78 5,C. Cinnamomum membranaceum (Lesq.) n. c-orab 75 7 , Cinnamomum intermedium Newb 74 8, 9. Persea valida n. sp 76 188 , U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXIX CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXX. Page. Figs. 1,2. C'innamoraum intermedium Newb 74 3, 4. Cimiamomum crassipetiolatum n. sp . , . _ 74 5, 6. Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq. ? . . 7-') 7. Cinnamomum sp _ 75 8, 9. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq - 77 10. Sassafras cretaceum Newb. t 77 1 1 . Sassafras progenitor Newb - 78 12. Sassafras hastatum Newb. ? — - - — 78 190 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXX CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXI. Page Fig. 1 . Persea Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq 76 2. Laurus Newbenyana Hollick 79 3. Laurus teliforniis Lesq 80 4. Malapoenna sp 78 5 Platanus sp _ 83 6. Platanus Aqiieliongensis Hollick 82 192 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXI CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE XXXII. Page. Fig. 1. Amelanchiei- Whitei n. sp 83 2, 3. Phaseolites rnanliassettensis Hollick 86 ■i. Phaseolites elegans n. sp 85 5-7. Hymeniea dakotana Lesq 83 8, 9. Hyineiiii^a primigenia Sap 84 10. Dalbei'gia liyperboiea Heer? - 85 11. Dalbei'gia inegularis n. sp 85 12. Dalbei'gia minor n. sp - 85 13. Cassia sp 84 14, 15. Colutea priiiiordialis Hcer 84 16, 17. Leguminosites coronilloides Heer 86 15, 19. Leguminosites convolutus Lesq.? 86 20. Leguminosites constrictus Lesq. ? 86 194 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXIII. Page. Fig. 1. Phvllites poinsettioides Hollick 106 2. Rims cretacea Heer? 87 3. Pistacia aquehongensis Hollick ... 87 4. Ilex papillosa Lesq 87 5. G3'minda primordialis n. sp 88 6. Elieodendron strictura n. sp 89 7. Elseodendron sp 89 S. Celastrophj'lliiiu grandifolium Newb. ? - 88 9-11. Celastrus arctica Heer 88 12, 13. Fruit of Acer sp - - 89 14. Acer minutum Hollick — 89 15. Sapindus imperfectus Hollick 90 16-20. Sapindvis monisoni Lesq - 90 21. Sapindus apiculatus Vel - 91 196 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIII CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE XXXIT. Page Flo. 1 . Rhamnus ( ? ) acuta Pleer - — 93 2-5. Paliurus integrifolius Hollick 91 6.7. PaKurus affinis Heer? '. - 92 S. Zizyphus elegans Hollick 92 9, 10. Zizj'phus oblongus n. sp 92 1 1 , 12. Zizyphus gronlandicus Heer 93 13. Zizyplms I.ew-isiana Hollick 93 14. Paliurus ovalis Dawson - 91 1.5-17. Ceanothus constrictus n. sp 93 18. 19. Sterculia sp 95 20. Sterculia Snowii Lesc| . ? 94 21, 22. Sterculia pre-Iabrusca n. sp 94 198 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIV CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXV. Page. Figs. 1-8, 10-12. Eucalyptus Geinitzi (lieer) Heer 96 9, 14, 15. Eucalyptus ? angustifolia Newb 95 13. MyrtopliyUum Warderi Lesq 97 16. Eucalyptus ? nervosa Newb ... 9.5 200 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXV CRETACEOUS FLORA, PLATE XXX A^L. Page. Figs. 1-5 Eucalyptus latifolia n. sp ... 97 6. Eucalyptus Schubleri (Heer) * n. comb 9(i 202 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVI CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXV ri. Page Figs. 1, 2. ^VraKa Ravniana Heer 99 3-6. .Vralia gronlandica Heer , 98 7. Cissites formosus Heer ? 94 8a. CliondrophyUum orljiculatum Heer 100 8b. Salix proteipfolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51 9. Hedera simple.x n. sp 97 204 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVII CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXVIIl. Page Figs. 1 . 2. Aralia nassauensis IloUick 99 3. Aralia patens Newb. ? OS 4. Aralia palniata Newb _ 98 5, 6. Aralia coriacea Vel _ _ 99 7. Panax cretacea Hecr . .■ 100 8. Pterospermites modestus Lesq . 9.'5 206 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXVIIl CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XXXIX. Page. Fio. 1. ^\ndromeda latifolia Newb 100 2-5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heei- 101 6. Andromeda flexuosa Newb 101 7. Andromeda tenuinervis Lesq 102 8, 9. Kalmia Brittoniana Hollick ... 100 10, 11. Jlyrsine borealis Ileer 102 12. Myrsinites? Gaudini Lesq 103 13, 14. Myrsine elongata Newb 1 02 208 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XXXIX CRETACEOUS FLORA. PLATE XL. Page. Fig. 1. \'il>'.unum intogrifoliuin Ncwl) _ _ lOo 2, 1 1. DiospjTos primtvva Ileer ... 103 3. Diospyros pseudoaneeps Lesq. 104 4-6. Diospyros apiculata Lesq.? 103 7-10. Diospyros provecta Vel 104 12. Diospyros prodromus Heer? 104 13, 14. Premnopliyllum trigonum Vcl _ 10() 15. Liriodendropsis con.stricta (Ward Tar.) . 71 16. Periploca cretacoa n. sp _ 105 17. Vilmrnura Hollickii Berry 105 210 U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH L PL. XL CRETACEOUS FLORA. OBEX [Names in italic are synonyms: numbers in black-face type are of pages wliereon detailed descriptions are given; figures in eto^zc denote illustrations.] A. Acer. Page. . 115 aml)oyense Newb S9 minutum HoUick 89, 126-127, I9ff minutus HoUick : 89 sp ,. . . 89-90, 126-127, MS Aceracete 89-91,116 Actinopteris peltata (Gopp) Sclienk 34 quadrif oliata Font ' 34 Akebia 70 jUbian rocks, correlation of 29 Albirupean, correlation of 29 Amelanctiier S3, 115 tj'pica Lesq '.. S3 Whitei n. sp 83, 124, 194 Anacardiacea3 87, 115 Andromeda 116 fle.xuosa Newb 101, 126-127,^08 latifolia Newb 100-101, 126-127,308 Parlatorii Heer 101, 126-127,208 tenuinervis Lesq 102,126-127,208 Angiospermse 47-112, 113, 115-116 Anonacese 73-74, 115 Antholithes njrmphseoides Hos lOS , Apeibopsis thomseniana Heer 95 Apocynace^e 105 Apocynopbyllum oeningense Heer 105 Aralia.....~ '. 94,98,116 coriacea Vel 99, 126-127,, JOS gronlandica Heer 78, 98-99, 126-127, SOi nassauensis Hollick 99, 126-127,. ?0S patens Newb 98, 126-127, S06 palmata Newb 98, 126-127,20S polymorpha Newb 98 Ravniana Heer . , 99, 126-127,20^ rotundiloba Newb 9S Snowii Lesq 99 trans-versinervia Sap. et Mar 57 WeUingtoniana Lesq 99 ap. 98 Araliaoese 97-100, 116 Araucarites carolinensis Font 107 ReichenbacM Gein 42 Arrochar, fossil flora at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129 Arun(^el formation, correlation of 29 Asclepiadiacete 105, 116 Atane beds, fossU flora of 118-119 -MON L— 06- -14 Page. Baiera 114 grandis Heer 36,120rl21,lS.4 Balanophoraceffi 107 Balls Point, fossil flora at 14,120,132,124,126,128 Banksites 115 Saportanus Yel 60-61, 122-123, i^S Baylies, William, on Marthas Vineyard 14-15 Bennetites Flores 107 Berry, B. W., on paleobotany of region 60,61,117-118 Betula tremula Heer 57 Bignonia pulcherrima Bayer 70, ISO Black Rock Point, fossil flora at 14,120,122,124,126,128 Blake, W. P., and Hitclicoek, C. II., geological map by. . 18 Block Island, fossil flora on 13, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 fossfl localities of .' 14 geology of 27,28 Botany, discussion of 113-129 Brachj-phyllum 114 crassum Lesq 44 maerocarpum Newb 39, 44, 120-121, ISS Britton, N. L., on geology of Richmond Co., N. Y 19 Brooklyn, fossU flora at 14,28,121,123,125,127,129 Cabot, E. C, and Desor, M. E., on Nantucket geology. 17 Cassalpiniacese 83-84, 115 Calycites 116 alatus HoUiek 109,12S,i.fO obovatusn.sp : 109,128,J.fO Campyloneis Grevillei regalis 23 Caprifoliaceffi 105,116 Carpolithus no euonjTnoides n. sp 110, 128-129, J44 floribundus Newb 110, 128-129, /41 hirsutus Newb 110, 128-129, m patootensis Heer 54 spinosiis Newb ^ no vaccinioides n. sp 110, 128-129, m sp 110, 111, 128-129, m Cassia 115 angusta Heer S4 angustifolia VaU 84 sp S4,124,M4 Caulerpites fastigiatus Sternb 43 Caulinites fecundus Lesq 32 inqmrendus Hollick - 32 213 214 INDEX. Ceanothus 116 bilinicus Hog 93 constrictus n. sp 93, 126-127, /9« cuneatus Nutt 93 Cdastracea; 88-89,115 Celastrophylluni 115 angustif olium Newb 54 Benedeni Sap. et Mar 60,89 cretaceum Lesq 100 ensifolium Lesq 88 grandiXolium Newb.? 88, 126-127, 196 lanceolatum Etts 88 sp 23 Celastrus 110,115 arctica Heer 88, 118, 126-127, 196 Cenomanian rocks, correlation of 29 Center Island, fossil flora at 14, 122, 124, 126, 128 Chappaquiddiek, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 geology at 26,28 Ghondrophyllum 116 orbiculatiun Heer 100,126-127,204 Chondrophyton laceratum Sap 70 Choripetate 49-100,113,115-116 Cinnamomum 75, 115 crassipetiolatum n. sp 74, 124-125, 1£0 ellipsoideum Sap. et Mar 74 Heerii Lesq.? ,... 75, 117, 124-125, iSO intermedium Newb 74, 124-123, 188, 190 membranaceum (Lesq.) n. comb 75, 124-125, ISS Soheuohzeri Heer 74, 80 sezannense Wat 74, 75 sp 75, 124, MO Cissites 116 formosus Heer? 94,126-127,201 Cissopbyllum exuliun 106 Clark, W. E., on geology of region 29 Cliflwood, fossil flora at 117, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Cliftwood formation, correlation of 29, 30 f ossQ flora of 13, 117 Cocconema par%-um W. Smith 23 Cocculites 115 imperfectas n. sp 63,122,154 inquirendus n. sp 63, 122, i54 Kanii (Heer) Heer 63 Cocculus 115 ciimamomeus Vel 62,122-123,154 Kanii (Heer) Sap. et Mar 63 miuutus Hollick 62,122,154 Coconeis pediculus Ehr 23 placentula Ehr 23 Cold Spring, fossil flora at 14, 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 geology at 27 Columbus formation, correlation of 29 Colutea 115 primordialis Heer. ._ 84, 124-125, 19i Conifer, cone scale of 47, 115, 120, 134 Coniferales 36-17,113,114-115 Correlation of formations. See Formations, correla- tion of. CozEcns, Issachar, jr., on geology of Long Island 17 Cretaceous rocks, discovery of, history of 17-25 occurrence and description of 2.5 Cunningtiamia elegans (Corda) Endl 41,119 Cunninghamites 114 elegans (Corda) Endl 41, 118, 120-121, ISfi Page. Curtis, G. C, and Woodworth, J. B., on Nantucket geology 24 Cyatheacea; 31-32,114 Cybella euspidata Kutz 23 delicatula Kutz 23 Cycadacese 35. 114 Cycadales 35,113,114 Cycadofilicales 32 Cyclopteris tenue-striata Heer 34 Cyparissidium 114 gracile (Heer) Heer? 46,J20-121.1S« Cyperacese 48,115 Cyperacites 113, U5 arctious Heer 48 borealis Heer 48 deperditus Wat 48 Haydenii Lesq 48 hyperboreus Heer 48 Cyperacites sp 48,120-121.142 Czekanowskia 114 dichotoma (Heer) Heer? 36,120-121,140 D. Dakota group, fossil flora of 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Dalbergia 85, 115 hyperborea Heer? 85,1 24-125, 19i irregularis n. sp 85, 124.1P4 minor n. sp 85, 124. 194 RinkiaTia Heer S3, 85 Dammara 114 acicularis ICnowl 39 australis 38 borealis Heer. 37-39, 47, 118, 119,120-121, 154 cliftooodcnsis Hollick 37, 39, 154 macrosperma 37 microlepis Heer 37, 38. 40 muior n. sp 40, 120-121 , 1.% northpor»ensis HoUick 39, 120, 134 Daphuogene Kanii 63 Barton, N. H., on geology of region 24 Descriptions, former, history of 14-^ Desmodium 70 Desor, M. E., and Cabot, E. C, on Nantucket geology. 17 Dewalquea 116 gronJandica Hoer? 106, 128-129, J4« insignisHos. and v. d. Marck 106, 128-129, /{« f7a/dfr77za7ia (Deb.) Sap. et Mar " 51 Diatoma hyemalo K. B 23 Dicksonia clavipes Heer 33 Dicotyledonfe 49-112, 113, 115-116 Didymosorus comptoniifolius Deb. et Etts 31 Diospyros 103,104.116 apiculata Lesq.? 103,128-129,210 brachyscpala A. Br 104 prima;va Heer 2;M03, 104, 12S-12<', SW prodromus Heer? 104,128-129.210 provecta Vel 104, 128-129. 210 pseudoanceps Lesq 104, 12.S-129. 110 rotundifoUa IjGsq 102 SIccnstrupi Heer 104 Dodge. R. E., on geology of region 24 Dosoris Island, fossil flora on 14,121,123,125,127,129 Dryandroi-pnoides Heer 38,46-17, 120-121, /3^,I3S maciUnta Heer ' 38, 45, 46, 47 K. Kaliuia 100,116 Brittoniana HoUick 10«, 126-127, SOS Kome beds, fossil flora of 118 KreischerviUe, fossU flora at ... 14,28, 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 L. Lflurace^e 74-S2, 115 Laurophyilum 115 jingustifoliuni Newb 81 elegans n. sp 81 , 124-125, m lanct'olatiim Newb S2 nerviiosum n. sp 8-2, 124-125, IH Laurus 115 angusta Heer 23, 81 , 124-125, IS,} anteeedens Lesq 80, 124-125, ISO HoUae Heer? SO, 124-125, IS'! Knowltoniana Lesq 79 ncbraseensis (Lcsq.) Lesq 79, 124-125, ISO No'.vberryana llollick 79, 124-125, 1'Ji OniaUi Sap. et Mar 55 plntonia Heer 80-81, 124-125, i«4,;S(; prijdgcnia Ung -. 79 ttllformis Lesq 79, 80, 124-125, 192 Legii:ninos8e 70, 83-87, 115 Leguininosites ■. 115 constrictus Lesq. 7 Sfi, 124-125, 191f convolutus Lesq,? 86-87, 124-125, I9i coronillotdes Hccr 83-124-125,^94 dalbergioides Etts 86 frigidus Heer 80 Marcouanus Heer 69 Lepaeyclotes cireularis Emmons 107 Lesqucrou.x, Leo, on paleobotany of region... 03,65,73-74,79 Liliacea? '. 48, 115 Liliales 48,115 Liriodendron 69, 70, 115 attenuatum n. sp 68-69, 122-123, ir.' Meekii Heer C9 oblongif Hum Newb.? 49, 6S, 122-123, ;7~' primasvum Newb 68, 69, 122-123, / 72 simplex tie. vh 22,23,69,71,72 Liriodendropsi? 08,69-70, 84, 113, 115 0 ngusttlolia Newb .'. 71, 124-125, IX 1 constricta (Ward var.) 71, 124-125, ;74,M„',^;o lacerata Ward 70 rotusa (Heer) n. comb 71, '2. 124-125, ISO simplex (Newb.) Newb 09, 70,71, 7-2-7iS, 118, 124-125,/7(7,?rS,M0,;S,' spectabilis n. sp 71 , 7S, 116, 124-125, 17/, fonstrUta Ward 71 Liriophylhim obcordatum Lesq 84 Litse.! crctacea Lesq 78 f.-.I ;ifolia Lesq 78 liittleNeck, tossU flora at 14,27,120,122,124,120,128 geology at 27 Lloyd Neck, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 Long Branch formation, correlation of 20 Long Island, fossU flora on 13,27,120-129 fosfiil localities of 14 M. Page. Magnolia 79,108,113,115 altemans Heer 23,05,67,79,122-123 amplifolia Heer 65, 122-123, 106 auriculata Newb 67-68, 122-123, 168, 170 Boulayana Lesq 67 CapeUinii Heer 68, 05, 117, 12^-123, 164 ensifolia Lesq 88 glaiicoides Newb.? 67, 122-123, 16S,170 Isbergiana Heer 66, 122-123, 170 Lacoeana Lesq 65, 122-123, Jtf.} longif .-.lia Newb 66, 122-123, J 70 longipes Newb.? 64-65,122-123,;?-' pseudoacuminata Lesq 65, 122-123, J6'6' speeiosa Heer 64, 79, 122-123, 168 tenuitclia Lesq 64, 65, 122-123, I64, 166 Van Ingeni Ilolliek 67, 122-123, J 70 woodbridgensis Hollick 66, 122-123, 1 70 Magnoliacese 63-73, 113, 115 Magothy formation, correlation of 29 Majanthemopbyllum 115 pusiUum Heer 48, 120-121, /^i Malapoenna 115 sp '. 78, 124, 192 Malvales 94-95,116 Manasquan formation, correlation of 29 llanbasset Neck, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Marsh, O. C, on Jurassic rocks 24 Marshalltown formation, correlation of 29 Marsilea 34, 113, 114 .\ndcraori Hollick 33-34, 116, 120-121, ISt Hiiltingiana Schafl 33, J3X Marsilcaccse '. 33-34, 114 Marthas Vineyard, description of 15 fossil flora of 13, 26, 28, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 fossil localities of 14 geology at 26, 28 itassacliusetts, fossil flora of 13 Matawan formation, correlation of 29 itather, W. VV., on geology of Long and Staten islands 16-17 May tonus 89 Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Kails 23 MenisperraaccEC 01-0^^, 1 15 Menispermites 115 acutflobus Lesq. ? 62, 122-123, UJ, borealis Hccr 61 Brysoniana Hollick 61-62, 122-123, m ovalis Lesq 63 sp 62, 122-123, ;S4 Mercbantville formation, correlation of 29 Merrill, F. J. H., on geology nt region 19-20,22,24 MitcliiU, S. L., on Long Island geology 15-16 Monocotyledonfe 47-48, 113, 115 Montauk Point, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122,124, 126, 12S Moracere '- 57-59, 115 Moraines, occurrence of 25-26 Morgans, fossil flora at 121,123,125,127,129 Moriconia 114 cyclotoxon Deb. & Etts 46, US, 119, 120-121. 1S6 Morton. S. G., on geology of region 16 Mott Point, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 139 Mount l>aurel member, correlation of 29 .Mvrica 115 Pavi^ii nolliol> 68,122-123, fij grandijolia Hollick 53 INDEX. 217 Myrica — Continued. Ho;iicMWard 53,122-123, 1« (onga Heer 50, 51, 53, 55 thulensis Heer 54 Zenkeri (Etts.) Vel? 54,122-123, W sp 51, 122, W Myricace^e 53-54, 115 Myricales 53-34, 115 Myricanthlum amentaceum Vel 54 Myrsinace^ 102-103, 116 Myrsine 103, 116 borealisHeer 102, 126-127, «0S elongata Newb 51, 102, 104, 126-127, H6, 208 sp •• 23 Myrsinites. 103, US GaudiniLesq 103,126-127,-08 Myrslnopliyllum varians Vel ■ - 70, iSO Myrtacea; 95-97, 116 Myrtales 95-97, 116 Myrtopbyllum H*^ Oeinitzi Heer 98, 97 Schubleri Heer 96 WarderiLesq 97 , 126-127, «00 N. Nashaquitsa, fossil flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 geology at -■- 26-27 Natural Science Association of Staten Island, proceed- ings of 19 Nausiion, fossil flora at 14 Navesink formation, correlation of 29 Navicula cocconelformis Greg 23 . lata Breb 23 major Kutz 23 varians Greg 23 viridis Kutz 23 Neotandra 115 imperfecta n. sp 76-77,124, JS.^ Nekinibium arcticum Heer , 61,118, iS2 Nelumbo 113, 115 Kerapil (HoUick) Hollick 61, 117, 118, 122-123, 1S6, 1S8, 160, 182 primgeva Berry '. 61,117 Neocomanian rocks, correlation of 29 Newberry, J. S., on Amboy clays 20 on Long Island geology IS on paleobotany of region 38, 40, 68, 69, 72, 74 New Jersey, fos'feil flora of 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 fossil localities of 14 New York, fossil flora of 13 New York Lyceum of Natural History, proceedings of. 17,18 Northport Harbor, f ossU flora at 27, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 geology at 27 Northrop, J. I., on Rhizomorphs 112 Nympbasacese - 61, 115 O. Oak Neck, fossU flora at 14, 120, 122, 124, 126, 12S Oeotea 115 nassauensis n. sp 76, 116, 124-125, «.{ Onoclea 32, 33, 114, 120-121 inquirenda (HoUick) n. comb 32-33, 116, 120-121, IS2 Orient Point, geology at 26 Osmunda Obergiana Heer 32 petiolata Heer 32 P. Page. Pala30cassia angustif olia Etts 84 Paliurus 75,115 alEnis Heer 93, 126-127, 19S cretaceus Lesq 92 integrilolius HoUick 23, 91, 126-127, 19S membraTuiceus Lesq 75 ovaUs Dawson 91-92, 126-127, 19S , sp 23 Panax 116 oretaoea Heer 100, 126-127, 206 Pandanales 47, 115 Papilionacese '. 84-86, 115 Passiflora 70 Patapsco formation, correlation of 29 Patuxent formation, correlation of 29 Patoot beds, fossU flora of 118-119 Periploca 116 cretacea n. sp 105, ,128, 210 Persea 76, 115 Leconteana (Lesq.) Lesq 76, 124-125, 192 nebrascensis Lesq 79 pubescens (Pursh.) Sarg 76 valida n. sp 76, 124-125, 188 Pbaseolites 115 elegans n. sp 85, 124-125, 194 f ormus Lesq , 85 manbassetterisis Hollick 86, 124-125, 194 Pbaseolus .' 70 PbyUites lib duresoens sp. nov 74 obcordatus Herr 69 poinsettioides Hollick 106, 128-129, 196 Phyllocladus subintegrifolius Lesq 36-37 Pinaceffi 37-47, 114-115 Pinus - 114 sp ■. : 40, 108, 120-121, 134 Pistacia„ '. ' 87,115 aquebongensis HoUick 87 , 124-125, 19S aquensis Sap 87 Pistites loriformis Hos IDS Planera , 115 betuloides n. sp &T, 122, 14a Knowltoniana HoUick 57 Plant-bearing deposits, characteristics of 25-28 Platanaceae 82-83, 115 Platanus 56, 82, 83, 115 aquebongensis HoUick 82, 124-125, 192 Newberryana Heer 23,82,124-125 sp 83, 124-125, 192 Poacese 48, 115 Poacites 115 aruudinarius Etts 48 borealis Heer 48 niengeanus Heer 48 sp .38, 48, 120-121, 1S4, 142 Podozamites 114 acuminatus HolUck a 35 angustifolius (Eicbw.) Schimp 35 lanceolatus (Lindl. and Hutt.) Scbunp ... 35, 120-121, IS4 marginatus Heer 35 sp ■ 35, 120-121, 142 Pollard, C. L., on Elm Point fossils 23 Polypodiacece 32-33, 114 Pomacea; 83, 115 218 INDEX. Page. Populus 113 apiculata Newb 49,120-121,144 harkeriana Lesq 49, 120-121, lU stygia Heer 49, 120-121, 1^} sp 50,120-121,1^4 Potomac formations, correlation of 29 Premnophyllmn 116 trigonum Vel 106, 12&-129, SIO Pressey. H. A., on geology of region 24 Primulales 102-103,116 Princess Bay, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Proteaceje '. 59-61, 115 Protealcs 59-61,115 Proteoides 115 daphnogenoides Heer 23, 59-60, 81, 82, 122-123, iSi longus Ile^r 53 Protophyllocladus 114 subintegrifolius (Lesq.) Berry 36-37,120-121,140 Pteridophyta 31-34,113.114 Pterocelastrus 89 Pterospermites 116 modestusLesq 95, 126-127, ^OC Q- Quereus 115 HoLmesii Lesq 60 morrisoniana Lesq 56, 122-123, 146 novae-csesareas Hollick 56, 122-123, 146 sp 56, 122, 1.46 R. Eanales 61-82,113,115 Rancocas formation, correlation of . . .-. 29 Raritan formation, correlation of 29, 30 flora of 13, 116 Red Bank formation, correlation of 29 Redfield, W. C, on fossil discovery 17 Rhamnacese 91-93, 115-116 Rhamnales 91-94,115-116 Rhanmus 116 acuta Heer 93, 126-127, 19S Pjafflana Heer 102, 103, 104 Ros mdssUri Ung 103 tenax Lesq 93 RhizoTiiorph 112, 116,128-129, 1^;? Rhode Island, fossil flora of 13 Rhus 115 cretacca Heer 87, 124-125, 196 Pyrrhic Ung 87 Richmond Valley, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Ries, Heinrich, on New York clays 22-23 RosacejE 83-87, 115 Resales 82, 115 Rubiales 105, 116 S. SagenoptPris 114 variabilis (Vel.) Vcl 34, 120-121, 13S Salicacoa' 49-53, 115 Salicalcs 49-53,115 Salisbury, R. D., on geology of region 24 Salix 115 cimeata Newb 50-51 , 52, 120-121, tU, '40 flcxuoaa Newb 51 inxqualis Newb 52 mattewanensis Berry 50 Page. Salix membranacea Newb 50, 120-121, 1.(6 Meekii Newb 51 , .i2. 120-121 , I46 protescfolia Lesq 52 proteaefolia flexuosa (Newb.) Lesq 51-52, 117, 120-121, 1.JS, 304 lanceolata Lesq 52, 120-121, 14S linearifolia Lesq.? 52,120-121,1.46 purpuroides noUick 53, 122-123, U6 sp 50,51, 53, 122-123, 14« Salvinia sp 117 Salviniales 33-34, 114 SapLndaceac 90-91, 115 Sapindales 87-91, 115 Sapindus 22, 58, 115 apiculatus Vel 91 , 126-127, 19e diversif olius Lesq 76, 91 im^erf ectus Hollick 90, 126-127, 106 morrisoni Lesq 90, 126-127, 196 Saporta, G. de, on paleobotany of region 84 Sapotacites retusus Heer 70 Sassafras 22, 75, 94, 115 acutilobum Lesq 77, 124-125, ICO angustilobnm n. sp 77,124.155 cretaceum Newb 77,124-125,150 hastatum Newb 78, 124-125, ISS, 190 Lecontcanum Lesq 76 progenitor Newb 78, 124-125, 190 subintegrifolium Lesq 75 Sayreville, N. J., fossil flora at 116, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Sclerophyllina (licliotoma Heer 36 Sea Clifl, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 geology at 27-28 Sequoia 114 ambigua Heer 22, 41-42, 120-121, 136 concinna Heer ... 42,43-14, 120-121, ISi condita Lesq 42 Coutsix Ileer 42 lastigiata (Stemb.) Heer 42,43, 120-121, ISS gracilis Heer 43,129-121,136 heterophylla Vel 41, 120-121, 136 Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer 42, 43, 46, 120-121, IS4, 15S subulata Heer 42 sp 43, 120-121, 1S4, 1S6 Serenopsis 61 Kempii Hollick 61 Sewell formation, correlation of 29 Shaler, N. S., on geology of region 20 South Amboy, N. J., fossil flora at . . 116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 129 Southeast Point, fossil flora at 14, 120. 122. 124, 126, 12S Spermatophj-ta 3.5-112,113.114-116 Sphenoglossum quadrifolium Emmons 34 Sphenopteris 32 Sphenopterfs grevilloides Heer 31 Staten Island, fossil flora of 13,2S, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 fossil locahties of 14 geology of 28 Stauroneis Phfenecenteron Ehr 23 Stephanodiscus niagarse Ehr 23 Sterculia 94. 95. 116 aperta Lesq 77. 98 Krcjcii Vcl 77,98 lubrusca Ung 94 lugubris 95 prc-labrusca n. sp 94, 126, WS Snowii Lesq 94, 12()-127. 19S sp 95, 1 -26- 127. 19S Sterculiaceffi 94-95. 1 16 Stimpsoii, Williuin, investigation by 18 INDEX. 219 Page- Su-obilites 116 perplexus n. sp 107-108, 128, iS^ Study of region, former, liistory of 14-25 T. Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana Heer 36 sub'mtegrifolia (Leaq.) Knowl 36 variabilis Font 34 variabilis Vel 34 Thviles crassus Lesq 44 Hoheneggeri Etts 45 Tliyrsopteris ; 32, 114 "graeilisHeer 33,120-121 grevillioides (Heer) n. comb 31-32, 120-121, 1S2 Maaliiana Heer 33 Murrayana (Brongt. ) Heer 33 Tinton lormatioa, correlation of 29 Tottenville, fossil flora at 14, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Tricalycites 116 major HoUick 108, 109,128-129,140 papyraceiis Newl) v - - - 109, 12S-129, IJ,0 Tricarpellites 116 striatusNewb 108,128-129,24^ Triceratium trifoliatum 23 Triebomanes 45 Typha 113,115 sp it, 120.//4 Typhaceao 47, 115 U. Uhler, P . R. , on Marthas Vineyard geology 22 Ulmaceffl -' 57, 115 Umbellales- 97-100,116 Upham, Warren, on glacial geology 19 Urticales 57-59,115 V. Vaccinium 110 Vanuxem, I^ardner, investigation by 16 Viburnum 105, 116 Hollickii Berry :.... 105, 128-129,«W integrifolium Newb 105, 128-129,^10 Page. Vincenttown formation, correlation of 29 Vitacea3 94,116 Vitis 82 W. Ward, L. P., fossils collected by 21 on geology of region 29 on Island series 13 on paleobotany of region 70, 82, 87-88 Weller, Stuart, on geology of region 29 Wenonah formation, correlation of 29 West, Samuel, investigation by 14 Weyquosque series, occurrence of 27 White, C. A., on geology of region 20-21,29 White, David, fossils collected by 21 on paleobotany of region 38, 43 Widdringtonites 114 fascioulatus n. sp 45, 120, JSS gracilis Heer 46 Reichii (Etts.) Heer 44, 45, 46, 118, 119, 120-121, iSS subtilis Heer 45, 120-121, ISS Williamsonia 107, 113, 116 eretacea Heer 107 Flores 107 problematica (Newb.) Ward 107, 128-129,140 Riesii Hollick 107, 128-129,140 sp 23 Willis, Bailey, on geology of region 24 Woodbridge, N. J., fossil flora at. 116, US, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 Woodbury formation, correlation of 29 Woodworth, J. B., on geology of region 24,25 See also Curtis and Woodworth. Zamia lanceolata Lindl. and Hutt 35 ZizyiDlaus 116 elegans Hollick 92, 126-127,195 gronliindicus Heer 93, 126-137,135 Lewisiana Hoflick 93, 126,19« oblongus n. sp 92, 126-127, 19S Zygophyllum 70 PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Monograph L.] The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, (2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of United States — folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United States — folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A list of the Monographs follows, and a circular giving complete lists of all the publications can be had on application. Most of the above-mentioned publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways : 1. 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