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Bequest of
Keuneth K. Mackenzie
October 1934
THE LUESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
‘ il oe
1A
PeTeORIfICs”, REVISION OF THE
epnus EUCALYPTUS
BY
J[o Jel, MUMINDUE IN, TESOL IBIS JOCESE
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Wore Ish
PAIRS Dil==3.
(WITH 40 PLATES.)
“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining
them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter,
or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by
antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages.
In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and,
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.”
MACAULAY’S ‘‘ ESSAY ON MILTON.’
Published by Authority of
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
Sunnev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
* 12643 —A 1917.
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Vic “ —_——
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
[The names of Synonyms or Plants, &c., incidentally mentioned are in étalics.
et ae
INDEX.
page containing the description is printed in heavier type. |
PAGE.
Acacia penninervis Sieb. rf es ne 26
Angophora lanceolata Cav. AGG! “Cee ae 63
Apple 6, 19, 67
Argyle |
Blue-leaved 2
Box de 70
Lowland ... 70
Mountain ... 70
Apple-topped Box 71
Apple-tree : 137
Apple-tree Gum ... 68
Ash, Mountain
Bangalay ...
Banks, Sir Joseph
Bastard Blue Gum
Box
Mahogany
Stringybark
White Gum
Black Box
Gum
Peppermint
Blackbutt
Bloodwood
Scrub
Blue Gum...
Peppermint...
Blue-leaved Apple
“Bog Gum ...
Booah
Box
Apple
Apple-topped
Bastard
Black
Cabbage
83, 127, 177
53
74
202
7, 138,197
49, 53, 202, 216
ae 2
110, 125
17, 195
85, 143
6, 26, 68
176
39
ss aap is 215
17, 51, 57, 58, 63, 86, 146, 176
17
209
19, 68, 146
The
PAGE.
Box, Grey 146
Peppermint 1]
Soft White y ie oat 77
White ae ae 2: nee 70, 76
Brachyscelis munita Schrader ... Bas = 93
Brisbane Water, New South Wales, and Bris-
bane River, Queensland 54
Brittle Gum so 129
Broad-leaved Blue Gum 63
Sally 150
Brown Gum ae re ane ee soo CHIE [TB
Brown-barked Gum 195
Burram Murra as. ye ae 54
But But ... SOE tes es ee 4, 68, 137
Buttermilk 126
Cabbage Box shen ees aS is 70
Gunma = a) LOOSE 25S 146
Cajeput 92
Calangara 59
Caley, George 59
Camden Woolly-butt 81
Candle-bark 110
Chalcid Wasp Galls 29
Cider Gum 106
Tree 108
Cotogurra J 211
Couranga ... 54
Creek Gum 146
Crimson filaments 170
Dainty fragrance 169
Deane, Henry 63
Deciduous Gum ... 91
Dimorphie leaves in E. cinerea 1
Drooping Gum ... aus Be ie 110, 177
Dunn, William
65
=
iv INDEX.
PAGE. PAGE
Egg-in-egg-cup buds _—... 8 bos ... 209 | Eucalyptus cosmophylia, var. leprosula a. 17
Elder Expedition a au is oe 31 var. rostrigera —... 17
Eriostemon Coxii F.v.M. a he 4 9 J84 crebra F.v.M. ee =. | Di2ieeles
Kucalyptus acacieformisD.& M. _... ... 26, 89 | crucivalvis B. v. M. wits son ial
var. linearis D. & M. ... 27 daphnoides Miq. _ ... ie Bro, Ue)
acervula Hook. f. ... 4, 109, 121, 134, 135 - dealbata A. Cunn. ... ae See dy kell)
acervula Sieb. a be soo dats Deanei Maiden th BY 57, 63, 66
acmeniowes Schauer aS es 46) Decarsnenna Blume, wero een we
acutangula Turez. ... ... ae 33 | decipiens Endl. _... Ot WR 92 19
8a.
10a.
Ila,
12.
4a.
5a.
lla.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
60
PLATE 98.
E. robusta Sm. (1-9).
Very immature fruits, urceolate, and with remarkably long peduncle.
Immature fruits, urceolate, and with marked rims. Kogarah, Sydney. (J. H. Camtield.)
Nearly sessile fruits. Narrawallee, Milton, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
Fruits, showing well-marked rim. Port Stephens, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
Fruits small, and valves well exserted. Stradbroke Island, near Brisbane, Queensland. (F. M. Bailey.)
Fruits smaller than normal, and valves not exserted (the fruits are glaucous). Byron Bay, N.S.W.
(J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
- Buds; 76, fruits ; 7c, deeply sunk capsule, looking from top. These specimens are abnormal, and
may show hybridism between Z. robusta and L. botryoides.
Very small buds ; 85, small fruits, sessile, cylindrical, and angled. The buds are small, but otherwise
normal, but the fruits are very different from those of normal robusta, and show transit to
botryoides.
Remarkably narrow leaf, even narrower than that shown of the type (Fig. 1, Plate 97), which is the
narrowest leaf on the original figure. As a matter of fact, the average robusta leaf is not
narrower than Fig. 3a of Plate 97. Rose Bay, Sydney. (R. Helms.)
E. botryoides Sm. (10-12).
Leaf with buds ; 104, fruits, both forming a portion of Cavanilles’ drawing of Eucalyptus platypodos
in his “TIcones,” iv, tab. 341. This is not a figure of the type, but it precisely matches the type.
116, lle. Seedling leaves, showing variation in size and shape, “Snowy River Mahogany.” Lake
Tyers, Victoria. (H. Hopkins.)
Intermediate leaf, Metung, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)
PLATE 99.
E. botryoides Sm. (1-10).
Juvenile leaf. Otford, near Sydney. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)
Unusually broad mature leaf. Burrill, Milton, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
. Normal mature leaf and buds, which are almost urceolate ; 3b, buds with double operculum ; 3c,
fruits. Rockdale, near Sydney. (J. H. Camfield.)
Buds with hemispherical operculum, calyx-tube angled, and in some specimens almost winged ; 46,
4c, side and back views of anther. Manly, near Sydney. (Rey. Dr. Woolls.)
Buds, with conical opercula (showing some transit to those of Z. robusta); 5b, anther ; 5c, fruits.
Kurnell, Botany Bay, Sydney. (J. L. Boorman.)
Fruits, the valves slightly exsert. Mrs, Macquarie’s Chair, Outer Domain, Sydney. (J.H.M.)
Fruits, the valves exsert. Conjola, Milton, N.S.W. (W. Heron.) In 6 and 7 note the Maltese Cross
arrangement of the tips of the capsules, seen also in EZ. saligna and B. robusta.
Very small fruits. Jervis Bay, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
Fruits larger than normal. Otford, near Sydney. (J. H. Camfield.)
Buds of an imperfect specimen, showing transit to 2. saligna. Glasshouse Mountains, Queensland.
(Dr. J. Shirley.)
E, saligna Sm. (11-16).
Juvenile leaf ; 116, intermediate leaf ; 11c, mature leaf ; 11d, buds and flowers ; lle, 11f, front and
back views of anthers ; 1lg, 11h, fruits varying in size (from the same twig). Blue Gum Flat
(Ourimbah), near Gosford, N.S.W. (No specimen of Smith’s type appears to be extant, and I
have assumed the above to be typical. The figures are taken from a fine tree of the ordinary
New South Wales or Sydney Blue Gum from a classical locality for the timber for nearly a
century. They precisely match specimens collected in the Port Jackson district.)
Fruits immature. Parramatta Park. (O. D. Evans.)
Fruits. Chatswood, North of Sydney. (R. D. Hay.)
Immature fruits, angled by compression, and sessile. Burwood, Sydney. (J.H.M.)
Small, sessile fruits. Lane Cove River, Sydney. (J. H. Camfield.)
Buds, not so sessile as those in the assumed type. Burwood, Sydney. (Rev. Dr. Woolls.)
61
PLATE 100.
EL, saligna Sm. (1--7).
1. Conoid fruits, “Blue Gum.” Booval, N.S.W. (A. Rudder.) This is a puzzling transition form
between the normal and var. pallidivaliis.
2a. Buds (reminiscent of those of HE. botryoides) ; 2b, fruits. Barrengarry Mountain, 5 miles from
Kangaroo Valley township, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)
3a. Mature leaf ; 3b, small buds ; 3c, small fruits, with well exserted valves. Foot of Mt. Lindsay,
Macpherson Range, N.S.W. (W. Forsyth.) (Compare the form intermediate between
HE. saligna and E£. Deanei Maiden, from Jilliby Jilliby, N.S.W.)
4a. Intermediate leaf ; 4b, mature leaf; 4c, buds ; 4d, fruits, Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range.
(W. Dunn.)
5a. Buds and flowers ; 5b, fruits, tips of valves almost awl-shaped. Moona Plains, Walcha, N.S.W.
(A. R. Crawford. )
6a. Buds ; 6b, fruits, Spit Road, Mosman, Sydney, (W. Forsytn.) . Thought to connect ZL. botryoides
with Z. saligna. ;
7a. Buds, with very pointed operculum ; 76, small fruits. Walcha. (J. B. Croft.) Another northern
form, with pointed buds and small shiny fruits. Connecting with HZ. Deanei Maiden.
EB. saligna Sm., var. pallidivalvis Baker and Smith (8-13).
8. Intermediate leaf, ‘‘ Flooded Gum.” Richmond River, N.S.W. (A. W. Deane.) (I received foliage
only.)
Ja and 9b. Mature leaves ; 9c, buds ; 9d and Qe, fruits ; 9f and 9g, front and back views of anther.
Booral, N.S.W. (A. Rudder.)
10. Short, thick sessile buds. Alstonville, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
. lla, Pedicellate buds ; 110, small sessile fruits. Lismore, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen.)
12. Fruits. Note the slightly urceolate shape, the sharp inflexed valve tips, usually five, characteristic
of this variety. Sydney district. (George Caley, 1800-10.)
13. Fruits. Moonee, Woolgoolga, N.S.W, (E. H. F, Swain.) Note urceolate shape. (The buds and
fruits are usually glaucous.)
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PL 97.
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
Wh
BETER
SN
[See Plate 98.]
EUCALYPTUS ROBUSTA Sm.
PL. 98.
———
ath.
M. Ficekion del er
[See Plate 97.]
Ss Qs 5
ps ee
<< <9
Hi i
if b
i
[See Plate 99. ]
(1-9).
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
EUCALYPTUS ROBUSTA Ss.
(10-12).
E. BOTRYOIDES Sm.
= ae ee = 1 me fon p
PL. 99.
EUCALYPTUS.
CRIT. REV.
gtk
Deas ys yaesds
Se a PN TET
er Fae
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’ ‘ i ny .
- ’ if > -
a eee . Prema se
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~\
Semeabbien es hac
eR aL a ae
M-Flockfon delet Lith.
[See Plate 98. ]
[See Plate Ioo. ]
(1-10).
EUCALYPTUS BOTRYOIDES Ss.
(11-16).
E. SALIGNA Sm.
CrIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 100
|
MM Fiotkion. o6f.ef fith.
EUCALYPTUS SALIGNA Sm. (1-7). [See Plate 99.]
E. SALIGNA Sm. var. pallidivalvis BAKER anp SmitH (8-13).
DESCRIPTION.
CXX VIII. EF. Deanet Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxix, 471 (1904).
Iv may be deseribed as follows :—
A very large tree, with smooth and sometimes almost glaucous bark, a little ribbony at the butt
Some trees resemble Blue or Flooded Gum (2. saligna) a good deal. In other cases (northern New
England) it forms a gnarled tree up to 7 or 8* feet in diameter as seen, the scrambling branches in some
eases actually touching the ground. Such trees remind one of Anyophora lanceolata.
The gnarled trees have buttresses spreading over a large area of land, and have thin scaly or
ribbony bark extending a good cistance up the trunk ; in others, the roughish bark extends but a short
distance. ‘The trunk and branches show patches of bluish, purplish, or reddish. The rhachises are often
red, so are the midribs and margins. ‘Timber ved.
On the lower Blue Mountains it goes under the name of Broad-leaved Blue Gum. In New England
it bears the local name of Silky Gum, owing to the sheen of its bark. It is also called White Gum and
Blue Gum. It is also known in the Glen Innes and Tenterfield districts as Brown Gum.
Juvenile leaves.—Broadly lanceolate to nearly ovate and orbicular, petiolate, acuminate,
intramarginal vein at some distance from the edge, lateral veins roughly pinnate, and making an angle of
about forty-five degrees with the midrib.
Mature leayes.—Lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, slightly falcate, upper surface
slightly shiny, lower surface dull; intramarginal vein not far removed from the edge; the lateral veins
fine, numerous, and nearly pinnate.
The tree is what bushmen recognise as a Broad-leaved Gum in comparison with other species
The young foliage is especially broad, shining, particularly on the upper surface, and bears some superfi«
resemblance to pear foliage.
Buds.—Each umbel on a peduncle of about 1 cm., and consisting of four to nine buds each, with
pedicels of about 5 cm. Buds clavate and about 5 em. long, calyx tube slightly urceolate, and tapering
abruptly into the pedicel. The operculum hemispherical, with an umbo, and about half the length of the
calyx tube.
Flowers.—Filaments cream coloured, the anthers open in parallel slits, and have a small gland at
the back. The filament is attached about the middle, and the anther is versatile.
Fruits.—Small, under -5 cm., eylindroid or rarely conoid, slightly urceolate, rim fat, tips of th
valves exsert. (‘I'ype from The Valley, near Springwood, N.S. W.)
Named in honour of my old friend, Mr. Henry Deane, for many years Engineer-in-Chief for
Railway Construction, New South Wales, my coadjutor in work on the genus for many years, and still my
valued friend, although his official duties rendered it necessary to discontinue the partnership.
RANGE.
So far as is known at present, it is confined to eastern New South Wales—
the coastal area, coastal mountains and table-lands ; it extends a short distance into
Queensland (northern New England). Its southern limit known at present is about
Mittagong. It attains its greatest abundance and development in the northern
districts of New South Wales, chiefly New England and eastern slopes.
“ Plenty of trees in the Ourimbah district reach 10 or 12 feet in diameter. (A. Murphy.)
64
Southern Localities —Blue Gum Creek, Picton Lakes, also ‘‘ Flooded Gum,”
Burragorang (R. H. Cambage); “‘ Red Gum,” Hill Top (E. Cheel).
Western Localities.—Wallerawang (J.H.M.); Mt. Wilson (Jesse Gregson) :
Jamieson Valley (W. Forsyth); Valley Heights (H. Deane and J.H.M.); Spring-
wood (J.H.M.); Gully near Bent’s Basin (W. Woolls).
Northern Localities —* Round-leaf Blue Gum,” 10-12 feet in diameter,
Ourimbah (A. Murphy); Jilliby Jilliby, via Wyong (J. L. Boorman); ‘‘ Green
Gum,” “ Blue Gum,” with very pointed opercula, Walcha (J. B. Croft); Torrington
(J. L. Boorman); East of Glen Innes (R. H. Cambage); Bald Knob, 26 miles from
Glen Innes on Grafton road (J. L. Boorman); ‘ Brown Gum,” Glen Innes to
Tenterfield (Forester Stopford); Tenterfield to Sandy Flat, also near Ked Soil
Creek, Mt. Spiraby (J.H.M.); “silky Gum,” Bluff River, near Tenterfield (H.
Deane); “*‘ White Gum,” large wide pendulous trees, very handsome, bark ribbony
at base, stem clean, Boonoo Boonoo (J. L. Boorman); Wilson’s Downfall, Under-
cliffe ; it chooses especially the moist eastern edge of the plateau proper, on granite
soil (E. C. Andrews) ; Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn).
()UEENSLAND.
Thulimbah, Stanthorpe district (Rev. J. H. Simmonds) ; ‘‘a very large tree,
soft timber, thick sap, thick bark’ (A. Murphy, J. L. Boorman}.
Hybridism.
I have specimens from Jilliby Jilliby, near Wyong (J. L. Boorman), which
are intermediate in character between this species and E. saligna Sm., and may
indicate hybridism.
APP INIGA Ss:
With E£. saligna Sm.
Its closest affinity appears to be with this species ; indeed, it was for some
years looked upon as a variety of it, but its generally larger size, its broader
juvenile foliage. its dense massy crowns, which remind one of a laurel, more
spreading in habit than Z. saligna, its smaller buds and fruits, slightly different in
shape, sufficiently characterise it.
65
DESCRIPTION.
CXXIX; EF. Dunnii Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xxx, 336 (1905).
A LARGE White Gum, much resembling the Blue Gum (£. saligna) when growing
(W. Dunn), therefore an erect grower.
Bark.—Rough, flaky or more or less corky at the butt, and for a varying dlistance up the stem ;
thenceforward the bark hangs in ribbons. ‘The rough bark or ribbons follow the tree up to the topinost
branches, and the tree always carries more of it than does 2. saligna” (W. Dunn).
Timber.—White throughout, from the sap to the heart, somewhat coarse-grained and lissile.
Apparently a tough wood. Stress is laid on the quality of this timber, as the name White (rum usually
indicates timber of poor quality.
Juvenile folinge.— Nearly cordate to broadly lanceolate, often up to 4 inches long and 2 inches
wide, while still in the opposite stage; petioles thin, and usually from 4} to } inch. Texture thin,
undulate. Bright green, paler on the underside ; oil-dots abundant, the midrib conspicuous (particularly
on the underside), tle primary veins roughly parallel, and at an angle of about 45 degrees with the midrib ;
intramarginal vein at some distance from the edge.
Mature foliaze.—Lanceolate leaves with petioles of an inch and more; 6 inches and more in
length, with a usual breadth at the widest part of 1 to 1} inches. Of medium texture: oil-dots abundant.
Midrib very conspicuous (white) ; penniveined ; intramarginal vein well removed from the edge. The
mature leaves resemble those of the well-known £. fereticornis a good deal. Twigs often angular.
Buds.—Symmetrical in shape, the operculum conical, and the calyx of similar size and shape,
tapering into the rather short pedicel.
Flowers.—Rather small ; usually 3 to 5 in the umbel : anthers with parallel cells.
Fruits.—Hemisphevical, barely } inch in diameter, abruptly tapering into a pedicel of the same
P Y 4 ptty tape I
length. Peduncle of about } inch. Rim narrow and rather sharp, valves well exserted and mostly 4 in
the specimens seen.
The species is named in honour of William Dunn, Forest Guard, Acacia Creek, who first sent it,
and who has assiduously collected the forest flora of his district.
RANGE.
Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range, New South Wales side. Extends into
Queensland territory, ‘“ but I do not believe it is found north of the Condamine
River” (William Dunn). The name of * Macpherson Range White Gum” has
been suggested for it
* Asarule it is found on the lower lands, on rich voleaniec soil, along the
hanks of water-courses and the like. ‘There is a good deal in the Macpherson Range
district, but I do not know any other district where it grows” (W Dunn).
It is desirable that additional localities for this species be ascertained.
66
Ara TUES.
1. With FE. Deane: Maiden.
Its closest affinity would appear to be with &. Deanei Maiden. The juvenile
foliage of the two species is often remarkably similar in texture, shape, and
apparently many other respects. The valves of the fruits of E. Deanei are not
exserted, or but slightly so, while the timbers are sharply different, that of E. Deanet
being red.
2. With E£. saligna Sm.
Some resemblances and differences have been already referred to. Plate 101
may also be compared with Plates 99 and 100 (£. saligua). The timbers of the two
species sharply separate them, that of #. Duanii being white.
3. With E. propingua Deane and Maiden.
E. propingua Deane and Maiden, is a species with which it might be confused
with herbarium specimens alone (the bark of E. propingua is grey and patchy, and
the timber red).
The leaves of E. propingua have finer and more parallel veins; but in buds,
flowers and fruits the resemblance of the two species is sufficiently close to
necessitate caution.
67
DESCRIPTION.
GCXXX. EF. Stuartiana F.v.M.
As described in a modified manner by Mueller in his ‘ Hucalyptographia,” Part iv
(1880).
Iv may be described as follows :—
A large, often scrambling tree, with soft, white (often sunerficially discoloured) box-like bark, rough
to the extremities of the branchlets. Bark thickish, often zigzagged or wrinkled, and reminding one of the
shorn back of a sheep.
Timber pale-coloured (sometimes flesh coloured when fresh), soft, brittle, and lacking in durability.
Juvenile leayes.—Glaucous, nearly orbicular, or with a blunt apex, sessile, stem-clasping.
Intramarginal vein well removed from the edge, lateral veins roughly pinnate.
Mature leayes.—Lanceolate, equally green on both sides, petiolate (petiole often markedly twisted),
intramarginal vein well removed from the edge, lateral veins roughly pinnate. Leaves sometimes very
long, approximating those of #. globulus in size.
Buds.—Four to seven in number on short pedicels on a common peduncle of about “5 cm. The
operculum shortly rostrate and equal in length to the calyx-tube which abruptly tapers into the pedicel.
Flowers.—The anthers open in parallel slits, and have a small gland at the back. The filament
is attached at about the middle and the anther is versatile.
Fruits.—Nearly hemispherical, about ‘7 cm. in diameter, with a well defined slightly domed rim,
the valyes markedly protruding from the orifice.
In honour of Charles Stuart (1802-1877), an educated man, who collected
‘Tasmanian sea-weeds for Harvey, and miscellaneous plants extensively for Mueller
in Tasmania and New South Wales (chiefly in New England). Many species were
named after him. For details of his botanical work see my notes on Australian
Botanists—(a) General, (b) New South Wales in Jowrn. and Proc. Roy. Soc.
N.S.W., xiii, p. 124 (1908), and Tasmanian Botanists in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
1909, p. 28.
This is but one of many species in regard to which there has been much
confusion in the synonymy. ' It would perhaps be an advantage if the name of
EH. Stuartiana F.v.M.; could be blotted out from the list of Eucalypts, but such a
step would be impossible ; and the wisest course has for many years seemed to me to
restrict it to the widely diffused ‘‘ Apple” of New South Wales, Northern Victoria,
and Southern Queensland.
It seems an unnecessary addition to an already over-burdened synonymy to
describe the species under another name.
Amongst those forms labelled “Z. Stuartiana F.v.M.” by Mueller, this is
the most widely diffused; it was so named by Mueller more frequently than any
other form, and adoption of the name would involve a minimum of disturbance of
botanical nomenclature,
B
68
Its commonest name in New South Wales and North-eastern Victoria is
* Apple,” but it must not be confused with Angophora. It is the “ But-But ” of
Gippsland, as pointed out by Mr. Howitt, a designation that separates it from
E.. cinerea.
It is sometimes. called ‘“‘ Woolly Butt,” but must not be confused with
E. longifolia.
It is the ‘“‘ Apple-tree Gum” of Mr. De Coque (Journ. Roy. Soc. NSW .,
XXvili, 212, 1894).
Owing to the “ Box” (#. hemiphloia) appearance of the bark, it has for
many years been looked upon as a Box in some districts, though an inferior one.
Called ‘** White Peppermint” in New England, in contradistinetion to
** Black Peppermint’ (#. cinerea var. nova-anglica).
SYNONYMS.
‘1. E. Stuartiana F.v.M., B.F1. iii, 244 (partim).
2. £. Stuartiana F.vy.M. Eucalyptographia (partim), excluding in both cases
the references to the ‘Red Gum” of Tasmania and to the “ Peppermint” of
Victoria.
3. EF. Bridgesiana R. 'T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiii, 164 (1898).
4. E. Stuartiana F.v.M., var. parviflora Deane and Maiden, ib. xxv, 109, 1500.
5. E. angophoroides R. 'l. Baker, ib. xxv, 676, 1900.
6. E. perfoliata A. Cunn.
1 and 2. In Part XXL (Vol. IIT, Part I), pp. 4 and 6, of the present work, I
have explained that there are three 2. Stuartianas F.vy.M., in botanical literature,
and that the present name is the third of the series.
3. The description of this species under another name does not remove the
difficulties which have gathered around the name 2. Stuartiana.
4 and 5. It seemed to me desirable to indicate, by some name, a small-fruited
form of 2. Stuartiana which has been found near Hassan’s Walls, at Young, and
in several other parts of the State.
With the collection of additional material I found that the transition to the
normal species was complete, and I do not think it is a useful variety. Shortly
afterwards, Mr. Baker deseribed this small fruiting form as 2. angophoroides.
6. Allan Cunningham’s Journal (p. 169), under date 11th April, 1817,
contains the following entry :—
“ Bucalyptus perfoliata of Kew Gardens is very frequent, and another species
(EB. dives Schauer.—J.H.M.), with cordate, sessile leaves, and others lanceolate and
_
69
inserted on a petiole’’ (Mt. York and near Vale of Clwydd). Again, under date
15th August, 1817, nearing Bathurst from the west, he says, ‘The ZL. perfoliata of
the Vale of Clwydd is very common.”
Variety grossa, var. nov.
Notwithstanding my previous experience with var. parviflora, the following
form, proposed to be named grossa because of its very large juvenile foliage and
larger fruits, seems to be worthy of record. With nearly normal Stwartiana all
round, it still seemed distinct, and the following notes were made by me in front of
it in June, 1906, when it was collected by Mr. J. L. Boorman and myself.
It occurs, say, 2 miles from Hanging Rock (on the Nundle Road), and by the
side of the faint track along the top of the ridge.
A poor tree of 1 foot in diameter, scaly box-like (Stwartiana-like) bark, with
smoothish or rather ribbony branches.
It goes up to a stem, but the erect stems have been destroyed by fire, leaving
pendulous and even nearly horizontal branches.
Timber white, gum-veined, brittle, apparently quite like Slwartiana.
Juvenile leaves broad, nearly orbicular, some glaucous. Also leaves in the inter-
mediate (lanceolate) stage, still opposite and bearing buds in the axils.
Leaves (mature) pendulous, shiny, thickish. Fruits conoid.
The following appear to belong to this form :—
. Peppermint, Nundle F. R. 1541, Parish of Nundle, County Parry, 40 feet.
Rough bark to top (M. H. Simon).
2. Peppermint. Tree of 30 feet, 2 feet diameter, crooked, growing in swampy
soil, and regarded as useless. Parish Royinn, County Parry (E. H. F. Swain).
[2
be
co
. White Peppermint. Walcha-and Walcha Road, trees with a persistent semi-
fibrous bark (J. F. Campbell).
RANGE.
‘The species occurs from north-eastern Victoria to south-eastern Queensland.
In New South Wales it extends along the tablelands from end to end of the State.
Some of the localities given in the ‘‘ Flora Australiensis’ and ‘“ Eucalypto-
eraphia,” belong to other species, as has already been indicated.
VICTORIA.
The following six Gippsland localities are by the late Dr. A. W. Howitt, who
kindly favoured me with specimens. ‘They are all his “ Apple-tree or But But” :—
Castle Burn Creek, Crooked River Road; Stratford; Toongabbie; Lily’s
Leaf; Four Mile Creek, Port Road; and Dargo.
70
The following are some additional Victorian localities :—
Moyston (D. Sullivan) ; Ovens River, Timber No. 125, 1861; Bright District
(J.H.M.); Hume River (Jephcott).
The following two statements embody Dr. Howitt’s views of the “ But But”
of Victoria. I consulted him in the matter :—
This species is well marked, and is one of the most persistent in character of any of the Eucalypts
of Gippsland. Wherever I have seen it I have found it to be a tree with somewhat large and spreading
limbs, with a scaly, wrinkled bark, which is persistent up to the small branches.
The wood of this tree is valueless for splitting, sawing, and even for fuel. Its general appearance
has caused it to be confused with Z. hemiphloia, under the name of “ White Box.”—(Trans. Roy. Soc.
Vict., ti, 97.)
The next passage is from an unpublished official report by him :—
E. Stuartiana, the “ Apple-tree” or ‘‘ But But,” grows to a great size in parts of Gippsland, and is
also found in the north-eastern district. It is without exception the most worthless of Victorian Eucalypts,
yet some years back I saw it cut for bridge building, and within the last five years I saw it cut for saw-
mill purposes in Gippsland, under the name of “ White Box.” (A. W. Howitt.) ;
It is the Appletree of North Gippsland bushmen. Found generally throughout the low country of ~
north and east Gippsland, on moderately good alluvial soil, but above the flooded areas. “Moderate sized
trees, with clean straight stems. Bark, ‘‘mealy rough,” dirty grey colour, persistent on stems and_ large
branches, and deciduous on smaller branches. In some parts of the district this tree attains a fairly large
size, 3—4 feet in diameter, and 30-50 feet high to the first branch. Timber sound, not easily split, but
sun-cracks badly in drying, pale in colour, not durable in the ground. Trees generally sound at heart,
even in large specimens, but the timber, especially that from young trees, is more subject to the attack of
wood-boring insects than most Eucalypts. (H. Hopkins.)
Bark on bole moderately rough-friable, or mealy-rough about the first 2 or 3 feet. All much
rougher on old trees. Branches mostly more or less smooth, and smaller branches quite smooth or clean, the
old bark peeling off in narrow strips, or long flakes. Wood very pale throughout, or slightly darker at -
heart. Dargo and near Buchan. (H. Hopkins.)
Lower Tambo River, also Metung to Boggy Creek. Underside of intermediate
foliage pale, glandular twigs. There are two forms of Stuartiana here, with different
sized fruits. (J.H.M.)
Between Bright and Germantown. (J.H.M.)
New SovurH WALES.
It is in this State that the species finds its greatest development. It is
almost invariably known as “ Apple,” the exceptions known to me are indicated.
Southern Localities—Mafra, near Dalgety; much contorted trees; butt
inclining to massive; limbs stout, twisted, numerous; bark box-like and persistent :
about 30 feet high, much broken by snow or winds (A. W. Howitt); Boloco,
Dalgety, yielding manna and massive saccharine exudate (A. M. N. Rose); Gun-
gableen (Gungarlin) Estate (Goldsbrough, Mort & Co.); ‘‘ Apple Box,” Tumber-
umba (IT. H. Williams); Cooma (J. C. Martin); Colombo, Lyttleton (W.
Baeuerlen); Cabbage Box,’ Nangutta (W. Baeuerlen); ‘Tumut (E. Betche) ;
“Lowland Apple, £. Stuartiana (in contradistinction to Mountain Apple, Z£,
eleophora) is a much larger tree with a smaller leaf, and likes good soil, growing
mostly on flats. Very useful when sawn timber is required. A large woolshed in
71
this district has all lowland apple flooring boards. It makes good gate-posts, having
the property of lasting in the ground for years, but it will not split. Easily
destroyed, and frequently dies out of its own accord. Both trees are much alike ”
(W. M. Nowland, L.S.). This is the most favourable account of the timber of
E. Stuartiana known to me.
Albury (Dr. Andrews, J.H.M.); Cockatoo near Germanton (W. Forsyth) ;
Queanbeyan (H. Deane); Bungendore and Braidwood (W. Baeuerlen); Lake
George (W. Baeuerlen); Gundagai (R. H. Cambage); Cootamundra (W. D.
Francis); “Soft Apple Tree,’ Temora to Mofangarell (Rev. J. W. Dwyer);
Young (W. W. Froggatt, J.H.M.).
50-80 feet high. Bark rough and hard on trunk and branches nearly up to
top. Bark greyish and cracked all over like Box (EF. hemiphloia). Branches
spreading and drooping. Wood brittle, no good, even to burn. Trunk often rotten
in centre. Flower buds mostly arranged in sevens. Yass (lev. J. W. Dwyer).
Goulburn (H. Deane, J.H.M.) ; Wombeyan Caves, on the limestone (J.H.M.);
Mittagong (Rev. Dr. Woolls).
Western Localities—Lyndhurst (A. W. Howitt); Manildra, Mt. Macquarie
near Carcoar (J. L. Boorman); Rockley (J. L. Boorman); foot of Bald Hills,
Bathurst (J.H.M.); Bathurst to Sofala (R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.); Orange (W. S.
Campbell, R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.); 50-60 feet, girth 3 to 6 feet, bark brown,
rough and persistent, branches white, timber of no value, not even for firewood.
Bowan Park near Cudal (W. F. Blakely); Molong (W. Campbell); Parkes
(J.H.M.); Murga, between Cudal and Eugowra (H. Deane); Warne (A. Murphy).
Large pendulous trees, hence called “Sally.” Plentiful on the sides of gullies.
Stuart Town (J. L. Boorman) ; Cox’s River (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); Hartley
Vale (Jesse Gregson); Wallerawang (J.H.M.); “ Peppermint,’ Capertee (J. L.
Boorman); Ilford (R. T. Baker); “ Peppermint,” Mudgee (H. Deane); Gulgong
(J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.); “Apple” or “ Peppermint,’’ 40-50 feet. Upper
Meroo, Mudgee district (J. L. Boorman); ‘ Woollybutt,’ near head of the
Castlereagh River (W. Forsyth) ; Coonabarabran (Dr. H. I. Jensen).
[The following specimens are small-fruited, or inclined to be so. They are
var. parciflora (E. angophorovles WX. T. Baker) but I am unable to keep them
separate from the preceding specimens, although they have been selected with the
greatest care to try and keep them separate.
“ Apple Topped Box,” Towrang. Type of E. angophoroides (R. T. Baker) ;
** Pepperwood,” near Hassan’s Walls, Bowenfels, type of 2. Stuartiana F.v.M. var.
parciflora Maiden (J.H.M.) ; “ Pepperwood or A pple-tree,’’-Portland district, Sunny
Corner and Rylstone (J. L. Boorman). Fairly plentiful on low-lying lands in
company with £. viminalis. On rising ground, superseded by EF. eleophora.
Useless, even for firewood. Perth, Bathurst district (J. L. Boorman) ; King’s
Plains, Blayney (R. H. Cambage) ; Canoblas, Orange (J. L.. Boorman and J.H.M.).}
72
Northern Localities“ Peppermint,” 2 feet diameter, 80 to 100 feet. Head
of Warrah Creek (Jesse Gregson): Moonan Flats (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.);
“Peppermint,” 4 feet diameter, 40 feet high. Parish Vernon, County Parry
(M. H. Simon); Tingha (J. L. Boorman) ; Howell (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.); 3
miles from Inverell on Howell—Tingha Road as soon as granite is reached. Takes
the place of White Box (2. hemiphloia var. albens) on granite. Emmaville (J. L.
Boorman). :
“The ‘ White Peppermint’ grows on many of the slaty ridges around
Walcha (Silurian). It is not abindant, and is of no commercial value, although
sometimes used for fencing in the absence of better material. The timber, which
is pale red in colour when fresh, is soft and liable to decay ; it is also liable to the
ravages of the white ant. The tree grows to an average height of 40 feet, with an
average girth of about 8 feet. It is often gnarled and stunted, and generally has the
appearance of being elbowed out of existence by E. eugenioides with which it
shares the ridges. The bark is semi-persistent and faintly regular throughout,
shedding its waste material in a kind of whitish flaky dust.” (J. F. Campbell,
Walcha.)
“White Peppermint.” Armidale district (A. E. Stopford); 30-40 feet.
Box bark up to small branches. Wollomumbi River (A. W. Howitt); Tenterfield
to Sandy Flat (J-H.M.); Drake-Tenterfield (A. G. Hagman) ; Timbarra (C. Stuart) ;
“ White Box,’ Cottesbrooke, near Tenterfield (J.H.M.).
()UEENSLAND.
« Peppermint,” Stanthorpe (Rev. J. H. Simmonds, J. L. Boorman).
AEPTINITIES:
1. With E£. cinerea F.v.M. var. multiflora (see Part XXI, p. 4, of the present
work).
The more closely these two species are studied, the more evident it becomes
that they have many points incommon. Mr. R.'T. Baker, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W,
xxv, 667, is of opinion that &. Stuartiana ( Bridgesiana), whose bark yields an
oil, differs in this respect from #. cinerea (formerly S¢tuarliana, partim). It
should, however, be pointed out that Mr. C. Falck calls the latter tree “ Turpentine
tree,” by reason of the fact that there is oil in the bark of that species also.
Eucalyptographia, under ZL. pulverulenta (cinerea).
Plate 101 (Stuartiana) should be compared with Plate §9 (cinerea var.
multiflora). The juvenile leaves of the two forms are not very dissimilar, but the
leaves of the latter are often broader and shorter, while those of &. Stuartiana often
2 ee re ves
73
attain a length never reached in Z. cinerea, while those of the former are thicker.
The buds of Z. Stuartiana are shorter and more rounded, while the fruits lack the
domed character of those of E. cinerea.
2. With FE. Dunnii Maiden.
This species is an erect grower and a Gum, in both respects differing from
E. Stuartiana. The timber of the latter is far inferior to that of #. Dunnii. The
juvenile leaves are different, and the fruits of £. Dunnii more urceolate. There is,
however, a general resemblance as regards herbarium specimens, between the two
species, which should be borne in mind.
3. With £. eleophora F.v.M.
_ The two species occur in different situations, E. Stuartiana preferring damp
flats, and £#. eleophora well-drained places, such as the sides and tops of hills.
They often resemble each other a good deal in scrambling habit, bark and timber.
Their juvenile foliage is, however, different, that of EF. Stuartiana being more
uniformly orbicular. The buds of the two species are different, those of EZ.
eleophora being sessile, the operculum shorter than the calyx-tube, which is
commonly angled, and often winged. The fruit of EF. e/gophora is usually larger,
and cylindrical or truncate-ovate.
4. With E. Banksii Maiden.
Dealt with under £. Banksii, infra, p. 75.
5. With E. quadrangulata Deane and Maiden.
This will be referred to when that species is reached.
74
DESCRIPTION.
CXXXI. EF. Banks Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., xxix, p. 774 (1904).
A very large tree up to 100 feet, reminding one of #. goniocalyx in habit. Quite glabrous or the twigs a
little glaucous. It has clean stems without ribbons, and no rough bark. Itis locally known as “ Woolly-
butt” because the bark is fuzzy to cut, and, for convenience, ‘Tenterfield Woolly-butt.”
Bark.—Of a dull uniform grey ; woolly or fuzzy. Notas soft and as Box-like as that of #. Stuartiana.
3ranches smooth, not ribbony. The uniformity of the smooth bark of this species (intermediate between
that of a gum and a box, and somewhat resembling that of a Grey Gum, Z. punctata or EB. propingua) is
notable.
Timber.—A good hard timber, not soft like that of 2. Stwartiana. Pale-coloured, a timber of
promise, but data not available in regard to its economic merits.
Juvenile leayes.—Nearly orbicular or oblong, cordate at the base and stem-clasping, strictly opposite,
gradually becoming broadly lanceolate and finally lanceolate; texture thickish, glabrous, slightly paler
underneath. The midrib prominent, the main lateral veins also conspicuous and making approximately an
angle of 45 degrees with the midrib. The ends of these lateral veins connected by loops (brachydodromous),
said loops at a considerable distance from the edge. Besides these, there are a large number of fine
anastomosing veins. ‘Twigs nearly terete, reddish.
Mature leaves.—Rather large, 9 inches long by 1} broad not being an uncommon size. | Equally
green on both sides, faleate, venation rather prominent, intramarginal vein at some distance from the edge,
venation spreading.
Buds.—*essile, the head of four to seven either on a short strap-shaped peduncle or this may be
absent. The buds more or less angular by mutual compression. The operculum blunt conical or
hemispherical.
Flowers.—Anthers opening in parallel slits.
Fruits.—Small, under } inch in diameter, conoid or nearly hemispherical, rim narrow and slightly
domed, valves (only three in the specimens seen) well exserted.
I dedicate this interesting species in honour of Sir Joseph Banks, companion of Captain Cook in
his discovery of New South Wales.
RANGE.
This species oceurs in both New South Wales and Queensland, and, so far as
is known at present, is confined to New England, and to no great distance from the
New South Wales-Queensland border.
Wallangarra, on the sides of hills at an elevation of about 3,500 feet (J. L.
Boorman); Tenterfield (H. Deane); Wilson’s Downfall (R. H. Cambage) ; Emma-
ville (J. L. Boorman).
APPINIFIES.
1. With £. Stuartiana F.v.M.
Wherever Z£. Banksii occurs in the same district as 2. Stuartiana, the
former occurs on the hills and slopes, and the latter (as is usual) on flats. It
differs also from E. Stuartiana in bark (already described) and timber, also in the
foliage. The new species has rarely glaucous juvenile foliage ; it is coarser and more
pedunculate. The mature foliage is larger and more pendulous than that of
E. Stuartiana. As a rule the buds of EF. Stuartiana are not angular, while the
shape of the fruit is different. Its closest affinity appears, however, to be £.
Stuartiana, and it appears to come between that species and H#. eleophora.
2. With E. eleophora F.v.M.
The difference between this species (with which Z. goniocalyr was formerly
united) is in the absence of ribbons in the bark of the new species; it is also
white in the inner bark, not yellow like EZ. eleophora. The bark of the latter
is also. much rougher than that of the new species. It is aiso a larger tree than
E. eleophora. As regards the fruits, they are always smaller and less cylindrical
than those of Z. eleophora. Compare plates §2 and 103.
3. With E. quadrangulata Deane and Maiden.
The juvenile foliage sharply separates it from this species. The fruits and
bark also are very different, but there is a general resemblance between the two
species.
76
DESCRIPTION:
CXXXI. E. quadrangulata Deane and Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiv, 451 (1899).
A TREE of 80-100 feet and diameter of 2—4 feet.
Bark.—Very much resembles that of ordinary Box (Z. hemiphloia) in general appearance, but bark
more fuzzy and less soft than the latter; the timber also lighter in colour. The branches have smooth tips.
Timber.—Pale, not brown when fresh like Z. hemiphloia, inlocked, very tough, evidently an
excellent timber. The rougher bark falls otf in patches, leaving box-like but less rough patches under-
neath. Again, these less-rough patches become darker and more rough, and this process is repeated ad
infinitum.
Juvenile leayes.—Narrow-lanceolate, cordate and clasping at the base, strictly opposite, markedly
paler on the under surface. :
The rhachises are brown (commonly chocolate-brown) and usually square in section. Not only is
the young stem quadrangulate, but it is even winged, and this is so marked a character that the name
alata would probably have been chosen had this name not been preoccupied.
Other instances of quadrangular young stems in Eucalyptus are :—
E. tereticornis (apparently less common), #. globulus, and #. Maideni.
Mature leayes.—Branchlets angular, lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate, slightly falcate, usually 4 to
6 inches long, scarcely paler on the under surface,
The margin usually sinuate, jagged or remotely denticulate. Venation conspicuous on both sides,
the intramarginal vein conspicuously removed from the edge, the latera] veins spreading. The texture of
leaf thickish, hence the oil-dots, which are fairly numerous, are not prominent.
Buds.—Umbels axillary, consisting usually of four to eight in the head, not dull; sessile, the common
stalk being broadish and strongly compressed. The calyces subconical and exceeding the operculum, which
is conoid, the calyces sometimes angular.
Stamens all fertile, inflexed in bud, opening with longitudinal almost parallel slits, with a small
gland at the back. The filament is attached about the middle, and the anther is versatile.
Fruits.—Small, shining, bell-shaped, rim medium, the valves slightly exserted, and usually three
in number. The seeds small, without membranous expansion.
RANGE.
It is confined to New South Wales, to the coastal districts and lower coastal
ranges, preferring, as so many trees do, the shelter and good soil of the gullies with
an easterly aspect. » So far as our records go at present, it extends from Bundanoon
in the south to the Upper Hunter in the north, and westerly as far as Burragorang.
““ White Box,” exceedingly tall trees, growing in the gorge around this
district to the depth of from 800-1,000 feet from the level of the surrounding country;
/
77
80-100 feet high, stems 3-4 feet in diameter, bark grey, suberous, slightly ribbony
at tips of branches, the sap-wood yellow, centre red, darkening with age, interlocked
in grain; fruits tubular, valves decidedly valvate,. arranged (mostly) in threes,
suckers glaucous, stems round, slightly angled. Used largely for sleepers. Bunda-
noon (J. L. Boorman). ‘“ White Box,” very straight and some large ; rough bark
and clean limbs. Bundanoon (A. Murphy); 4 miles west of Bowral (R. H. Cambage
and J.H.M.). ‘ Black Box,” near bridge at Colo Railway Station (J.H.M.); Colo
(E. Cheel) ; Hill Top, Box Knob. The type (J.H.M.); The Oaks, Picton to Burrago-
rang (R. H. Cambage); The Peaks, Burragorang—most westerly locality recorded
(R. H. Cambage). ‘‘ Soft White Box,” Tillowrie, Milton (R. H. Cambage; ;
Robertson, top of Macquarie Pass (J.H.M.); Dapto and Mount Kembla (R. H.
Cambage) ; Bulli Pass (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
Putty, south of Singleton (A. C. Barwick, per R. T. Baker).
“Tt grows in considerable quantity near here. I have measured a tree, and
find that at 4 feet from ground the girth is 11 feet ; at 60 feet the girth is 8 feet
10 inches ; the main limbs start at a height of 50 feet from the ground. There
are much larger trees growing near, but I found it easier to obtain the measure-
ments from the fallen one. I have not noticed this Eucalyptus growing in the
district, except on the western slopes (in scrub) of Mount Woollooma, in Forest
Reserve 10,222, Parish of Belltrees, County of Durham, Land District of Scone.”
(H. L. White.)
Ae ANA Sy
1. With E. goniocalyx F.v.M.
The juvenile foliage of Z. goniocalyx presents considerable similarity to that
of #. quadrangulata, differing chiefly in the greater breadth and shorter length of
the former. The similarity of the mature foliage of the two species is unmistakable,
and extends even to the margins ; very large leaves have not, however, yet been found
in L. quadrangulata. The shape of the fruits is, however, quite different, while
E. quadrangulata is a Box and #. goniocalyx a Ribbony Gum.
2. With EF. nitens Maiden.
The relations of these two species appear to be close. The rough bark of
EH. quadrangulata extends further up the stem, and it appears to be a larger tree.
The buds of #. quadrangulata are more globular, and the fruits are broader at the
orifice (frequently more so than depicted at fig. 6, Plate 103), while the valves are
more exserted.
In #. nitens (see Plate 81) the buds are more angular, narrower and more
elongated, the operculum being only half as long as the calyx-tube. The fruits are
ovoid, have a small orifice, and the valves are rarely exserted. In 2. quadrangulata
78
I have never seen such large intermediate feaves as are common in ZL. nitens, which
attain 16 inches in length and have a wavy edge. ‘The juvenile foliage is also larger
in L. nitens.
3. With £. Baueriana Schauer var. conica Maiden.
In the bush this variety and 4. quadrangulata certainly display some resem-
blance, but the conoid fruit and the juvenile foliage of the former (see Plate 60)
readily separate them. 2. guadrangulata is found in the coastal districts, while the
former is not, although both occur on the tableland.
4. With E. Stuartiana F.v.M.
The small fruited forms of this species often resemble 2. guadrangulata, so far
as herbarium specimens are concerned, but the trees in the forest cannot readily be
confused, that of #. Stuartiana being a somewhat scrambling tree with a thickish
white bark, while 2. quadrangulata is more erect in habit, with a comparatively dense
bark and smooth branches. ‘The juvenile leaves are quite different.
5. With £. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden.
The juvenile foliage of . Macarthuri is sufficiently distinct from that of
LE. quedrangulata, nor are the stems of the former angular. The mature foliage of
the two species is not dissimilar. The fruits of #. Wacarthuri are rather smaller
and the valves less exserted. Both species have fibrous barks, but one belongs to
what is known as the Box group of barks, and the other to the Woollybutt group ;
the timbers also are very different.:
6. With E. saligna Sm.
In the occasional angularity of its buds and in the general shape of the fruits,
there is some approach to L. saligna, but the buds of the latter are more pointed,
the fruits more cylindrical, and the rim more sunk, while the venation of the leaves
and the texture of the bark are very different.
Explanation of Plates (100 bis—103).
PLATE 100 (bis).*
Eucalyptus Deanei Maiden.
la. Juvenile leaf ; 14, large fruits with rims. Picton Lakes, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
2a. Juvenile leaf; 2b, mature leaf ; 2c, fruits. Jamieson Valley, Blue Mountains, N.S.W. (W. Forsyth.)
3. Juvenile leaf. Kast of Glen Innes, N.S.W. (E. C. Andrews.)
ta. Mature leaf; 44, buds; 4e, front and back view of anther. The Valley, near Springwood, N.S.W.
(J.H.M.) The type.
5. Buds. Blutf River, near Tenterfield, N.S.W. (Henry Deane.)
fia. Small buds ; 64, large buds; 6c, three-valved fruits, the tips scarcely exsert ; 6d, fruits, the tips of the
valves well exsert. From Boonoo Boonoo, Tenterfield district, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
Form reputed to be intermediate between #. Deanei Maiden and Z. saligna Sm.
7a. Juvenile leaf (perhaps not characteristic) ; 7b, mature leaf ; 7c, buds; 7d, front and back view of
anthers; 7e, fruits, also plan of one; 7/, fruits with valves very exsert and strap-shaped peduncle.
Jilliby Jilliby, near Wyong, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
* To avoid confusion with Plate 100, Part xxiii of the present work, which has been devoted to FL. saligna.
ale
2a.
la.
3a.
la.
79
PLATE 101.
BE. Dunnii Maiden.
. Juvenile leaf ; 1b, mature leaf; lc, mature leaf, with the intramarginal vein further removed from the
edge; 1d, buds; le, buds and flowers ; If, front and back views of anther; ly, fruits. Acacia
Creek, Macpherson Range, N.S.W. (William Dunn.) The type.
EB. Stuartiana F.v.M.
Juvenile leaves ; 26, intermediate leaf ; 2c, mature leaf ; 2d, 2e, buds ; 2f, front and back views of
anther ; 2g, fruits. ‘‘ Back” road between Bright and Germanton, Victoria. (J.H.M.)
Large fruits. Armidale, N.8.W. (A. W. Howitt.)
. Li. Stuartiana var. grossa, var. nov.
Small pair of juvenile leaves. Hanging Rock, Nundle, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L Boorman.) (See
Plate 102.)
PLATE 102.
EB. Stuartiana F.y.M. var. grossa var. nov. (See Plate 101.)
Very coarse juvenile leaves ; 16, mature leaf; 1c, mature leaf with buds ; 1d, buds ; le, back and front
views of anthers ; 1f, fruits. Hanging Rock, Nundle, N.S.W. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
. Leaf and fruits ; 2b, buds, These very small fruits and these buds with more conical operculum seem
to be anomalous. Very few were found, the vast majority being as figured No. 1.
£. Stuartiana F.vy.M. var. parviflora Deane and Maiden.
Juvenile leaf ; 36, intermediate leaf; 3c, mature leaf; 3d, buds; 3e, fruits. Hassan’s Walls, near
: Bowenfels, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
Fruits. King’s Plains, Blayney, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
PLATE 108.
£. Banksii Maiden.
Juvenile leaves, nearly orbicular in shape; 16, juvenile leaves ; lc, mature leaf; 1d, buds with some-
what pointed opercula ; le, buds, angled; 1f, front and back views of anthers; lg, 1A, fruits.
Wallangarra, N.S.W.—Queensland border. (J. L. Boorman.) ‘The type.
Buds and flowers. Tenterfield, New England, N.S.W. (C. Stuart.)
Fruits. Wilson’s Downfall, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage.)
EB. quadrangulata Maiden.
. Juvenile leaves; 46, mature leaf; 4c, buds; 4d, front and back views of anthers ; te, section of young
stem, showing its winged /quadrangulate) appearance. Hill Top, N.S.W. (J.H.M.) The type.
Juvenile leaves. Robertson, top of Macquarie Pass, N.S.W. (J.H.M.)
Fruits. Bundanoon, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
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The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible.
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one.
Details in regard to their economic
The number of
the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets:—
acacioides, A. Cunn. (xlviii).
acmenioides, Schauer (xxxii).
affinis, Deane and Maiden (lvi)
amygdalina, Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi, Maiden (xxi).
Batleyana, F.v.M. (xxxv).
Behriana, F.v.M. (xlvi).
bicolor, A. Cunn. (xliv).
Boormani, Deane and Maiden (xlv).
Bosistoana, F.v.M. (xiii).
Caleyi, Maiden (lv).
capttellata, Sm. (xxvii).
Consideniana, Maiden (xxxvi).
coriacea, A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa, Sm. (xii).
dives, Schauer (xix).
fruticetorum, F.v.M. (xlii).
gigantea, Hook. f. (li).
goniocalyz, F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma, Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia, F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia, Link and Otto (ii).
Iuehmanniana, F.v.M. (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha, F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata, Hook. (vii).
melanophloia, F.v.M. (liv).
melliodora, A. Cunn. (ix).
macrocorys. F.v.M. (xxxviii).
microtheca, F.v.M. (li).
numerosa, Maiden (xvii).
obliqua, L’ Hérit. (xxii).
ochrophloia, F.v.M. ()).
odorata, Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
paniculata, Sm. (vii).
pulularis, Sm. (xxx1).
piperita, Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana, F.v.M. (xxiv).
populifolia, Hook. (xlvii).
punctata, DC. (=)
regnans, F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera, Sm. (iii).
saligna, Sm, (iv).
siderophloia, Benth. (xxxix).
siderozylon, A. Cunn. (xiii).
Steberiana, F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata, Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis, Sm. (xi).
virgata, Sieb. (xxv).
vitrea, R. T. Baker (xxiii).
* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price ls. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates and
other illustrations.
Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer.— 1915.
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CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 100. 5i8
M.Flockfon. del ef tirh.
EUCALYPTUS DEANEI Maren (J-6).
No. 7, a form reputed intermediate between it and £. saligna, Sm.
Crit. REY. EUCALYPTUS.
Pe: 108.
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EUCALYPTUS DUNNII Mazen (1).
E. STUARTIANA F.v.M. (2-8). Normal form.
STUARTIANA var. grossa, var. nov. (4). {See Plate 102.]
Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS. | PL. 102.
M.Fiockion del. et lith.
EUCALYPTUS STUARTIANA F.v.M., var. grossa, var. nov. (1-2.) [See Plate rot.]
Var. parviflora DraNe AND MaIpDEN (3-4).
PL. 103.
CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS.
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EUCALYPTUS BANKSII
E.QUADRANGULATA Deane AND MAIDEN
(4-6).
DESCRIPTION,
CXXXIIT. FE. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden.
THE CAMDEN WOOLLY-BOTT.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxiv, 448 (1899), with plate xxxvil.
°
FotLow1nc is the original description :—
The history of this interesting species is as follows :—Sir William Macarthur collected its timber for
the Paris Exhibition of 1855, it bearing the number 142 of the indigenous woods of the southern district
he was commissioned to procure for this Exhibition. Under the name of “ Woolly Gum of Argyle,” he
described it as follows: ‘* A species of picturesque growth, confined to a limited extent of country; wood
not estcemed,* reputed to possess little comparative strength or durability. Height, 40-80 feet; diameter,
36-48 inches.”
The identical specimen was sent by Sir William to the London Exhibition of 1862, this time under
the name of ‘‘ Woolly Gum of Berrima,” and it was described as “a tree of beautiful form, but the timber
weak and worthless.”
In the year 1864 Miss Atkinson (afterwards Mis. Calvert) collected it, and the following is a copy of
her label :—* Bark fibrous, Woolly Gum, Berrima. Large round tree, very hard wood, but not used, as
it does not split well.”
Her original specimens are in the National Herbarium of Victoria, and were seen by Bentham, who
referred them to E. viminalis. See also B.Fl. iii, 240, where this species is referred to as ‘* Camden Woolly
Butt, Woolls.”
Probably both Miss Atkinson and Dr, Woolls collected specimens, and the following passage was
written soon after the arrival of the 3rd volume of the Flore Australiensis in the Colony :—
“ E. diversifolia—I have ventured to separate the “ Camden Woolly-butt * from the “ Manna Gum’
(Z. vininalis), with which it has been associated, because the trees differ so much from each other in bark,
habit, &c. The Camden Woolly-butt resembles in some respects the Woolly-butt of other districts,
having the lower part of the tree covered with fibrous bark and the upper branches smooth. The inflores-
cence, however, and the leaves are very different, being sometimes narrow-lanceolate and alternate, and
sometimes cordate or ovate-acuminate, sessile and opposite. The buds and seed-vessels are small, generally
eight in each axillary or lateral umbel. This species is common in the neighbourhood of Berrima, and
attains the height of 80 feet, but beautiful as the form of the tree is, the wood is said to be indifierent. —
Woolls’ Contribution to the Flora of Australia, p. 255 (1867).
And again :—* E. diversifolia, which, in the Flora, is regarded as one of the forms of HZ. viminalis, ia
certainly a distinct species, and called ‘Camden Woolly Butt.’ The lower part of the tree is fibrous, and
the leaves differ from narrow lanceolate and alternate to cordate, sessile and opposite.”—-Woolls’ Lectures
02 the Vegetable Kingdom, p. 120 (1879).
It will thus be seen that Woolls did not agree with Bentham in placing the “ Camden Woolly-butt “
under E. viminalis, and he himself placed it under LZ. diversifolia. Woolls did this probably because he
thought that the reference in B.FI. ili, 240, to EL. diversifolia was intended for the *“ Camden Woolly-butt,”
but it is not Bonpland’s species, Mueller (Eucalyptographia, under L. viminalis) having shown that the
plate i in Pl. de Malmaison, 35, t. 13, Represents 4 a young state of L. santalifolia.
* With increased experience this estimate has been modifie: 1. a will present information on this point in my | “ Forest
Flora of New South Wales.”
§2
In 1885 Dr. Woolls (Plants of New South Wales, p. 55) departed from the opinion he had so long
held as to the claim of the “ Camden Woolly-butt ” to be a distinct species, and looked upon it as a form
of £. Stuartiana, a statement which could only have been made without due consideration.
“ E. Stuartiana has a wide range in New South Wales, being found on the Mittagong Range, the
hills near Mudgee, and parts of New England. The bark is fibrous and persistént, and it is known by the
popular names ** Camden Woolly-butt,” ““ Peppermint,” or “ Stringybark.” On young trees the leaves are
frequently opposite. It occurs on the Mittagong Range in company with E. amygdalina, and rises to the
height of 100 feet.’-—(Op. cit.)
A specimen of “ Mudgee Peppermint,” so labelled by Dr. Woolls, is Z. Stuartiana, and is not identical
with “ Camden Woolly-butt ” as surmised by him on the label. This confusion of the two trees probably
arose from the mixing of herbarium specimens. Peppermint is a bad name to apply to this tree, and
doubtless arose simply from contemplation of its fibrous bark, which somewhat resembles that of some
specics known as * Peppermint.” The leaves of the ““ Camden Woolly-butt ” emit no odour of peppermint.
We name this species in honour of the late Sir William Macarthur, of Camden Park, who appears to
have been the first to recognise this particular Woolly-butt as a distinct tree, while he was certainly one
of the pioneers in the difficult task of diffusing accurate information in regard to the Eucalypts of New
South Wales.
Vernacular Name.—* Camden Woolly-buit,” after the County of Camden, New South Wales;
it has. however, been found in the County of Argyle also; in fact it was originally called “* Woolly Gum
of Argyle.” The name “* Woolly-butt ” or “ Woolly Gum ” is in reference to the texture of the bark and
sapwood. It is not to be confused with the common Woolly-butt of the Sydney district (E. longifolia),
the Woolly-butt of the South Coast (Z. saligna), or that of the North Coast (Lristania conferta).
Bark.— Rough, somewhat Box-like, but very woolly. The sapwood also of a woolly texture.
Timber.—Pale coloured, nearly white. Not a favourite locally as it does not split well and is not
durable. Additional notes on the reputed value of this timber have already been given.
Seedling Leaves.—Linear-lanceolate, slightly cordate, barely stem-clasping, strictly opposite.
Juvenile Leayes.—Cordate or ovate-acuminate, stem-clasping, sessile and opposite. Bright
green in colour; of similar tint on both sides.
Mature Leayes.—Alternate, narrow, lanceolate, often faleate, thickish, of equal colour on both
sides. Venation not prominent; intramarginal vein at some distance from edge; veins not springing
from the base, pinnate.
Buds,—Small, the operculum and calyx of approximately equal size, the former but very slightly
conical; shining; up to eight in the head but perhaps five on the average. Umbels axillary, with short
scarcely flattened stalks, and stalklets absent or nearly so. i
Anthers.—Smail, ovoid in shape, opening in longitudinal slits; inflexed in bud; apparently all
fertile. Stigma slightly dilated, having the appearance of being flattened on top.
Fruits.—Very small, much smaller than that of Z. Stuartiana. Nearly hemispherical, slightly
dilated at the rim, which is well defined; valves usually three but rarely four, scarcely exserted. Seeds
small, without any appendage.
The habit of the tree is shown in plate xxxiyv, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxxi,
(1906), from a photo at Bowral by Mr. R. H. Cambage.
Mr. H. G. Smith has examined the leaves and has written a paper* “On an
Eucalyptus oil containing 60 per cent. of Geranyl Acetate.’ This constituent would
render it important as a perfume, if it could be obtained at a sufficiently low price. I
will refer to the matter in my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales.”
ee —— —o a rl
*Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xxxiv, 142 (1900),
§5
SYNONYM.
E. diversifolia Woolls, non Bonpland.
See above, p. 81, and also Part VII, page 197 of the present work.
RANGE.
So far as we know at present, it is confined to New South Wales, but we do not
know its limits yet. In the south it extends to the Goulburn district, and is found as
far west as the Jenolan Caves. It is not recorded as far north as the Sydney district. I
have received specimens labelled “timber exceedingly faulty, in poor stony country
and locally rare, Wyndham, vid Eden (J. L. Boorman), but as the specimens are not
perfectly satisfactory, I say no more concerning them.
It prefers swampy or low-lying land, or to follow the course of a stream.
Specific localities are :—
Laggan and Crookwell Creeks (J. J. Hook, quoted by R. T. Baker in Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S.W. xxxi, 715, 1906), which seems the proved southerly record so far. Itisa
few miles north of Goulburn. Towrang (J. L. Boorman).
Paddy’s River, near Wingello. ‘Ample deep green foliage, bark corky, not
ribbony, even to the edges of the branches ” (J. L. Boorman); Fitzroy Falls, near Moss
Vale (W. Forsyth); Sutton Forest (J.H.M.); Berrima (J.H.M.); Burradoo, “ Bark
furrowed and stringy. Habit of Weeping Willow. Spreading tree of 60-70 feet and
2-3 feet diameter” (A. Murphy); Bowral to Bullio (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.);
Mittagong. ‘‘ Locally known as Messmate and Mountain Ash” (W. Greenwood).
Jenolan Caves (W. F. Blakely); this is the most westerly locality known to me.
In Papers and Pros. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1902, p. 83, 1 recorded #. Macarthuri tor
Tasmania, but formally corrected the inistake in the same publication for 1914, p. 30.
It is a species frequenting medium cold localities, and its usual range in the south-
eastern quarter of New South Wales is from 2,000-3,500 feet.
S4
Ar UN Aan S:
1. With EF. viminalis Labill.
Bentham placed this tree under Z#. viminalis, but this was ata time when, as a
general rule, herbarium specimens only were available. I have for many years insisted
‘that the amplest data should be furnished. Unfortunately, as regards some species,
they are not available even yet, and we sometimes take risks in naming.
E. viminalis is a “ White Gum,” £. Macarthuri a ““ Woolly Buti”; the timbers
are different. The dried leaves oi the former have a pleasant faint, apple-like smell not
observable in the letter. The juvenile leaves of the two species are a good deal alike;
the mature leaves of FE. viminalis are longer and larger. The buds of EL. Macarthuri
are smaller, polished, pale brown; the fruits of Z. Macarthuri are smaller, often in more
than threes, and much smaller than those of EZ. viminalis, which ‘have a well-defined -
tim, and well exserted valves.
2. With FE. Stuartiana F.v.M.
Nor is its affinity close with this species, but I mention it because Woolls confused
the two.
Reference to Plate 101 (Part XXIV) will show that the juvenile leaves of
E. Stuartiana are nearly circular; the fruits and leaves of FE. Stuartiana are much
larger; the habit of £. Stuartiana is more scrambling; the bark and timber are
different.
3. With E. Benthami Maiden and Cambage, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xlviii, 418
(1914).
E. Bentham is a tall, rather erect tree with a somewhat thin canopy; E. Macarthuri
is a taller tree with 2 somewhat umbrageous head. The bark of E. Macarthuri is rough
somewhat Box-like, but very woolly; that of E. Benthami is smooth in the upper poriion
(it is 2 White Gum) and flaky at the base. Sometimes it is wholly smooth. The
juvenile leaves of 2. Macarthuri are much narrower than those of LE. Benthamt, which
are broad.
4, With FE. aggregata Deane and Maiden.
The relations of these two species will be referred to when £. aggregata
reached (page 187),
DESCRIBE VION,
CXXXIV. E. aggregata Deane and Maiden.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxiv, 614 (1899).
FoLtow1nG is the original description :—
An umbrageous tree, probably worthy of cultivation in cold, damp situations for ornamental purposes,
Local Names.— Peppermint ” at Wallerawang, probably because of the fibrous appearance of the
bark. Known as ~ Flooded Gum” in most districts, an exception to the usual rule in Australia to limit
the term ~“ Gum “ to those species of Eucalypts having smooth or nearly smooth barks. It has been called
both * Sally ” and ~ Messmate ” in the Crookwell district; while it is known as “ Black Gum ” at Fagan’s
Creek, according to Mr. Bauerlen.
Size.—Usually small gnarled trees. but a number 30 or 40 feet with a trunk of 12-18 inches or even
2 feet.
Bark.—Box-like or rather more flaky; between that of a Box and a Swingybark or Woollybutt;
cuts woolly. The trunk, large and small branches are all rough; the ultimate branchlets alone being
smooth. In old trees*very thick and containing essential oil.
Timber.—White and tough when fresh, bat the trunk is usually not straight enough and large
enough, as a general rule, for marketable timber; reckoned worthless for standing in the ground.
Young Leayes.—Quite glabrous; oval to nearly oblong; strictly opposite up to an inch long; the
margins undulate; mucronate with a short point. Young trecs are often caten down by cattle.
Mature Leayes.—Foliage semi-pendulous, lanccolate in shape; usually symmetrical, but oblique
leaves not rare; undulate; cqually green on both sides, scarcely shining; on the average probably
44 inches long by 1 broad. Intramarginal vein considerably removed frcm the edge; other veins few
but conspicuous; very oblique.
Buds.—Usually four to six in the umbel, but sevens not rare; stalk up to 4 inch long, hardly
compressed, more compressed as the fruit reaches maturity; the stalklets short and round. The
operculum and calyx-tube about equal, and both tapering towards a point, the operculum being nearly
conical.
Flowers.—Stamens apparently all fertile and inflected in the bud; stigma not dilated; anthers
opening by parallel slits.
Frnuits.—Hemispherical in shape and sometimes, owing to the shortening of the stalklets, so
clustered together as to form a dense head, hence the specific name; small, not exceeding ,; inch in
diameter, with a well-defined, sharp rim, domed, and with 3 or 4 well exserted valves,
86
SYNONYM.
E. Rodwayi Baker and Smith, Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 139 (1913).
The confusion arose in this way. In the same Journal, p. $3 (1902), I announced
the discovery of E. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden between Deloraine and Chudleigh
Junction, Tasmania. Some time since I found that, through working with imperiect
material, the species was really E. aggregata, but I had not announced the correction,
as I expected that that species would have come on earlier in the Critical Revision.
Messrs. Baker and Smith, in their paper, correctly pronounced the tree to be not
Macarthuri, but re-described it under the name Rodwayi. I have stated the position in
Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., p. 30 (1914), and Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xlvu, 230
(1913).
RANGE.
It occurs in New South Wales and Tasmania in alluvial flats, following water-
courses or depressions. Always found in damp situations, hence the name “ Flooded
Gum.” It is a cold-loving species, found in a vertical height in the south-eastern part
of New South Wales of 2,000-4,000 feet.
Tt will doubtless be found in Victoria.
TASMANIA.
On plains near Cheshunt. 60-100 feet high, and from 2} to 3} feet in diameter
at the butt. Bark brownish, rough. . Branches divaricating at 8 to 12 feet from the
ground (W. H. Archer). :
This specimen was referred by Archer himself, who was a valued correspondent _
of Hooker, the author of the “‘ Flora Tasmaniz,” to EF. radiata Hook. f. (non Sieb.) var 5
(see p. 137 of Hooker’s work). In my Crit. Rev. i, 158, I also took that view, but
examination of the anthers shows that it does not belong to the Renanthere to which
E. amygdalina, radiata, and nitida belong.
Swanport (Dr. Story).
Deloraine (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
Locally called ““ Blue Gum.” From 50 to 120 feet high, 2-3 feet in diameter, one
tree 4 feet. Bark flaky on base and trunk, not so fibrous as 2. amygdalina. Branches
dirty white with flaky bark. Opossums feed on the young leaves. Guildford Junction
(R..H. Cambage}.
(In the criginal description it is stated that young trees are often eaten down by
cattle, and it is one of the jew species of the genus which are readily eaten by
herbivora.)
87
New Sours WALgs.
Southern Localities.—Between 13 and 14 mile-posts, Cooma Road, Braidwood.
The most southerly locality recorded (R. H. Cambage); Fagan’s Creek, Braidwood.
(W. Baeuerlen); “Sally,” “* Messmate,’ Crookwell, also Nimbo Station, head of
Queanbeyan River (H. Deane); Bungendore Road past Burbong, Queanbeyan (R. H.
Cambage); Parish of Durren Durra, County of St. Vincent (C. J. Clulee).
Bindook Swamp, Yerranderie (R. H. Cambage); Berrima (J. L. Boorman).
Western Localities—Walker’s River, Wallerawang (A. Murphy).
“Sally ” or ‘“ Peppermint.” TFair-sized trees. Tips of the branches remark-
ably brittle. Plentiful along the lowlands of the district. Wallerawang (H. Deane,
J.H.M., J. L. Boorman).
Capertee (J. L. Boorman).
“Flooded Gum.” The bark is rough and brittle, inclined to be curly; it breaks
off in small pieces from 4 to 5 inches, and is of a reddish-brown and a grey colour. It
grows along the sides of swamps. Jenolan Caves (W. F. Blakely).
On Swatchfield Road, 11 miles south-west of Oberon (R. H. Cambage); “ Black
Gum,” Oberon (H. W. Gazrling).
Near Orange, on the Cadia Road, which remains its most western locality at
present (R. H. Cambage); Rockley, ‘ Flooded Gum of Burraga ” (R. H. Cambage).
AFFINITIES.
1. With EF. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden.
Both grow in similar situations, are often somewhat similar in appearance, and,
although 2. Macarthuri is the more erect and handsome, have not dissimilar-looking
fruit. The venation of the mature leaves and the shape of the juvenile leaves, however,
divide them sharply. ve a
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DESCRIPTION.
CXLV. E. vernicosa Hook. f.
In London Journal of Botany vi, 478 (1847).
Ramis yalidis, ramulis acute angulatis foliis alternis parvis uniformibus breviter petiolatis crasse
coriaceis late elliptico-oblongis utrinque obtusis mucronulatis nitidis vernicosis, pedunculis brevissimis
1-3-floris, alabastris sessilibus late obconicis, operculis cupulam subsequantibus conico-hemisphericis
subrostellatis, capsulis hemisphericis ore non contracto plano v. depresso.
Hab.—Mount Fatigue, altitude 4,000 fect. Gunn.
Arbor parva, 4—pedalis, in convallibus 15-pedalis. Rami erecti, robusti, rugulosi, cicatricati;
ramulis plerumque tetragonis, angulis acutis. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolo } une. longo, lamina uneialis,
3-3 unc. lata, valde rigida, coriacea, apice rotundata apiculata, sicca flavido-virescentia nitida, obscure
nervosa. Pedunculi brevissimi, crassi, vix } unc. longi v. sub-nulli. Alabastra 4 une. longa, sicca rugosa.
Capsula 4 unc. longa, ad orem aequilata obconico-hemispherica.
In Fl. Tas. i, 135 (1860), Hooker re-described his species in the following words :—
Arbuscula glaberrima vernicosa nitida, ramis ramulisque erectis robustis, foliis parvis erectis breve
petiolatisexacte oblongis ellipticis rotundatisve apiculatis crassissime coriaceis, pedunculis crassis brevissimis
1-3-floris, calyce late obconico y. oblongo operculum conico-hemisphericum subrostellatum quante,
capsula hemispherica ore non contracto plano v. depresso. (Gunn, 1113.)
Hab.—Summit of Mount Fatigue, elev. 4,000 feet, Mallgan, Gunn (FI. April).
A very. peculiar and most distinct form, perhaps the smallest of the whole genus, quite unlike any
other Tasmanian one, though, all the specimens being from but one locality, some allowance must be made
for deviations from the description. Gunn describes it as forming a bush 1-4 feet high, though he suspects
that some trees of 15 feet, which he saw in rocky, sheltered places, may be the same. Branches very stout,
erect, covered with dark, red-brown, rough bark; branchlets angled. Leaves erect, 4-1} inch long,
excessively thick and coriaceous, shining as if varnished on both surfaces, oblong or elliptical or orbicular,
apiculate, petioled. Peduwncles very short and thick, one- to three-flowered. Calyx oblong or obconic, with
a broad, conical, almost rostrate operculum. Peduncles generally many-flowered. Operculum considerably
shorter than the calyx.
Then Bentham (B.FI. iii, 232, 1866) also described it in English, but a little
more fully than the original describer.
Then we have two interesting notes by Rodway :—
1. “ This interesting Eucalypt on Mt. La Perouse, attains a height of 20 feet. The leaves are all
opposite and the flowers solitary in the axils. These features I found constant for the whole country from
the Hartz through Adamson to Perouse, a distance of about 30 miles.
**On the West Coast the smaller forms retain the opposite leaves, but the flowers are three together
on short peduncles. On Mt. Geikie the taller plants bear larger alternate leaves, but with smaller flowers.”
(Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1898-9, p. 104.)
2. E. vernicosa H. Erect shrub, 4-6 feet, rarely 12-20. Bark smooth. Leaves thick, shining,
equal-sided, broadly oblong, stalked, opposite, rarely alternate, $-2 inches long. Flowers solitary or three
in the umbel. Operculum conical, half as long as the capsule. Fruit hemispheric to semi-ovate, }-4 inch
diameter, on very short stalk. Capsule sunk.
On mountain tops, from La Perouse to Arrowsmith and to the West Coast. (Zhe Tasmanian Flora,
p. 58, 1903.)
158
It will be observed that while the type describes the flowers as 1-3, a form in
which the flowers are solitary is fairly constant.
The leaves were originally described as alternate, but Rodway records them
as flowering also in the opposite stage, adding another to the species recorded as
flowering both in the opposite and alternate leaved stage.
RANGE.
It is confined to high lands in Tasmania, extending to no other State. The
type comes from Mount Fatigue at 4,000 feet.
Mr. Rodway’s statement is “‘ On mountain tops from La Perouse to Arrowsmith
and to the West Coast.”
I have seen the following specimens :—
“Fatigue Hill (or Mount Fatigue), above 4,000 feet above the sea-level.”
(R. Gunn No. 1113.) This is the type.
“Mount Sorell, 3,000 feet, Macquarie Harbour, 1-3 feet high.” (R. Gunna
No. 1113.)
Mount La Perouse (L. Rodway); Cradle Mountains (G. Weindorfer),
AFFINITIES.
Bentham (B.F. iii, 232) says “ It is in some respects nearly allied to Z, wiminalis,
in others to L. dumosa.”
1, With £. viminalis Labill.
This species is nearly allied to 2, Gunnii Hook. f., and I think EZ. vernicosa is
more closely allied to the latter than to EZ, viminalis. The broadish juvenile leaves
at once separate it from £. vuminalis.
2. With EF. dumosa A. Cunn.
I do not see any close affinity. Plate 16, Part 1V, may be compared. 2, dumosa
is an erect shrub or small tree usually found in regions of low rainfall, and relatively
high temperature. The foliage is very different, as are also the anthers and flower-
buds, both as regards the number, shape, and sculpture, The fruits of the two species
have some superficial resemblance.
159
3. With EF. Gunnii Hook. f.
Mueller could not unhesitatingly make up his mind to acknowledge L. vernicosa,
and wrote but little about it.
He said “ EZ. vernicosa may constitute merely a glacial-grown pigmy form of
EB. Gunnii” (“ Eucalyptographia,” under E. cordata).
The late Mr. Luehmann (Mueller’s assistant) told me that Mueller had the
species drawn, but finally decided not to publish it as he considered it a variety of
E. Gunnii. See some additional remarks under £. Muellerit. He, however, inserted
it in both his First and Second Censuses of Australian Plants.
I wrote in 1905 :—
“Mueller held the view, which he expressed to me verbally, that B. vernicosa is an extreme form
of E. Gunnii, Hook. f. At the same time it is such an extreme form that I think it seems desirable to
retain it as a species. E. Muelleri T. B. Moore, appears to be a connecting link between Z. vernicosa and
E. Gunnii.” (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxx, 510.)
Mueller held the view that other forms, which are now looked upon as distinct,
were also to be’ included in Z. Gunnii, but there is no doubt that im considering the
position of E. vernicosa he had in mind typical EZ. Gunnii, such as is figured in
Part XXVII, Plate 108. The anthers of the two species are very similar, and there are
some resemblances in the juvenile leaves, in the shape of the cruciform buds, and to
a less extent in the fruits. In the larger growing plants of LZ. vernicosa the leaves are
not very dissimilar to those of the broader-leaved forms of HE. Gunnii, and the more
the two species are studied, the more it will be found that the affinity is a real one.
It seems difficult, at first sight, to understand why Mueller should have ever
doubted that E. vernicosa is worthy of specific rank; but we must bear in mind that
recognising a specific name is a matter of opinion, and the amount of evidence that a
man may require for the recognition of a species is dependent on psychological factors,
and therefore may vary at different times. I know nothing more difficult sometimes
than the apportionment of this.evidence. During the writing of the present work I
have arrived at conclusions which may modify the views I have published earlier in
the same work as to the limitations of species, and indeed my opinions may again
change in the direction of leaving things as they were.
4. With EF. Muelleri T. B. Moore.
This is probably the geminate species of E. vernicosa, or perhaps a form of it,
and some remarks will be offered when H. Muelleri is reached. See p. 160.
160
DESCRIPTION:
CXLVI. EF. Muelleri T. B. Moore.
Ty Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc, Tas., 207 (1886).
Branchlets spreading, cylindrical,
Leaves thick, alternate, shining and crenulated; lanceolate or ovate, often acuminate, oblique,
rarely straight; veins indistinct, circumferential vein irregular, but generally close to edge of leaf,
oil-glands pellucid.
Peduneles short, deltoid and flattened, each with two or three flowers.
Calyx-tube much less rounded and more angular than the fruit, about 3 lines long, with a similar
diameter at its dilated orifice.
Operculum short, verrucous, with orbicular point.
Fruit hard, generally winged or angled twice, globose or ovoid, from 3 to 4 lines diameter, much
"dilated at the orifice, the rim rounded and slightly prominent, capsule sunk, but valves protruding when
open.
It was not admitted by Mueller in his Census.
Mr. Moore adds :—
“Here, in a less exposed situation and at a much lower elevation, this magnificent tree riscs to the
stupendous height of 200 feet; and in many cases, for half that lofty distance its long straight stems are
branchless, a most noticeable peculiarity in its growth. The bark is thin, smooth, and of a reddish or
chocolate colour; but where the deciduous part is freshly shed, it is mottled with yellowish streaks, er
blotches. The wood is of a light red colour, extremely hard and surprisingly heavy, and is of a stringy and
close-grained character.” (Op. cit. p. 208.)
Mr. L. Rodway, in Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1894, p. 52, supplements
the description in the following. words :—
Mr. Moore’s description, though very lucid, does not include all one would wish, I therefore take
this opportunity to describe it more fully :-—
Eucalyptus Muelleri T. B. Moore. A tree often attaining 200 feet. Bark scaly at the base, smooth
above, glaucous, but becoming blotched with rufous green on prolonged exposure. Leaves alternate,
petioled, slightly oblique, 3-5 inches long, ovate to narrow, lanceolate, acute, margin crenate, veins obscure,
rather numerous and oblique. Peduncles axillary about 4 inch long, angled. Flowers sessile, normally
three. Calyx in the mature bud obscurely angled, 4 lines long; operculum rather flat to subconical,
verrucose and umbonate. Flowering calyx turbinate, 3 lines diameter. Stamens 2$ to 3 lines long,
anther-cells parallel. Fruit broadly turbinate, slightly angled, 4 lines diameter; capsules deeply sunk, the
valves just reaching the top of the rim.
In his “ Tasmanian Flora,” p. 58 (1903), he briefly describes it :—
E. Muelleri T. B. Moore. A very tall, erect tree, though sometimes flowering when still small.
Bark smooth, blotched with red-brown. Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate-falcate, thick, shining, stalked,
alternate, 1-3 inches long. Flowere three in the umbel, nearly sessile in the axils. Operculum nearly
flat, umbonate, rough. Fruit turbinate, 1-} inch. Capsule sunk. Valves often protruding.
Common on mountains in South-west Tasmania at about 2,000 feet altitude. Very probably a
lowland form of Z. vernicosa H.
161
RAN Gis:
It is confined to Tasmania.
The type came from “a saddle of the Dividing Range between the Huon and
Derwent watersheds, on bleak high land at an elevation of over 2,000 feet.”
Rodway defines its range as common on mountains on south-west Tasmania
at an elevation of about 2,000 feet.
Extensively dispersed round the southern slope of Mt. Wellington, at about 2,000 feet elevation,
where it can be seen in quantity in the region of the Springs Track to the Two Bridges and Forked Creek
Rivulets, where it forms the principal timber. (L. Rodway, 1894, p. 51.)
Mr. R. H. Cambage and I have collected it at the Springs, where we saw
trees at least 80 feet high.
I collected it at Mount Field East at an elevation of 4,000 feet in March, 1906,
and have the note “ H. Mueller, a form showing transit to 2, vernicosa.” Compare
Mueller’s notes at p. 159.
APFENITIES:
1. With EF. vernicosa Hook. f.
Some notes on the affinities of these two species have already been made.
See p. 159.
In Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 209 (1886), Mueller makes the following comments on
FZ. vernicosa and on the tree proposed, on the same occasion, to be named FH. Muelleri.
He stated that a plate of HE. vernicosa had been lithographed, but withheld
from publication, as it seemed likely that, in its very dwarf state, it represented the
highland form of a taller plant of sub-alpine regions.
He then gave an account of a tree found by him in 1869 at Mount Field East
which, at between 3,000 and 4,000 feet, reached a height of 30 feet, “and which
seemed to me rather a tall state of vernicosa than a variety of H. Gunnii.” I
collected the same plant at the same spot many years after (J.H.M.).
He goes on to say that “from the above remarks it will be perceived that the
plant from near the Lakes of Mount Field offers some approach to 2. wrnigera ; this is
borne out by specimens of evidently the same tree just submitted to me by
Mr. T. B. Moore, as obtained by him during recent surveys across the Mount
Wellington Ranges.”
janet “Tt remains now to be shown in what precise position
systematically H: vernicosa is standing to BH. urnigera and to H. Gunnii, after this
most highly developed state of the former (presumably vernicosa is meant,—J.H.M
became discovered.”
B
162
Later on, Rodway observes :—
It zemains still 2 matter of opinion whether the tree should be considered specifically distinct from
E. vernicosa H. Its close relationship is undeniable, but the fact that this tree appears to die out at a
sub-alpine altitude. and the dwarf alpine Z. vernicosa not appearing in localities where this is so common,
would lend some weight in support of the trifling structural differences. Beyond the greater dimension of
the tree the leaf is more oblique, longer proportionately, and the veins more regular and less oblique than
in E. vernicosa, and the calyx and capsule ere larger. But these differences are not more than could be
reasonably expected from the greater vigour. .
The wood is of a pale red colour, and rather heavy; of a close fibrous texture of great tenacity, and
is commonly used for palings and shingles, but it makes excellent axe-handles, and would be very useful
for all purposes where considerable strength end toughness were required. (L. Rodway, Proc. Roy. Soc.
Tas., 1894, p. 51.)
The same botanist subsequently says :—
Here (Mt. Geikie, West Coast) also occurs a small form of E. Mueller: T. B. Moore, enly 15-20 feet
high, which though very similar in general appearanc> to E. vernicosa, still maintains its distinctness in its
crenulated leaves with less oblique venation and flattened operculum. (L. Rodway, Proc. Roy. Sce. Tas.,
1898-9, p. 104.)
Rodway’s latest published judgment, in his “ Tasmanian Flora,” p. 58 (1903),
is “ Very probably a lowland form of EZ. vernicosa Hook. f.”
I have already, p. 159, pointed out hew difficult it is sometimes to make up
one’s mind as to the limitation of a species, and consideration of such limitation can
be very usefully studied in connection with ZL. vernicosa and E. Muelleri. Mr. Rodway
has put the case for and against HZ. Mueller: being a variety of H. vernicosa very fairly,
I have come to the conclusion that, on the whole, it is desirable that #. Muelleri
should be recognised as a distinct species,
The facts that the leaves of ZH. vernicosa are varnished, those of EE, Muelleri
- being much less so, and that the former species is a small (never very large) shrub,
while EZ. Muelleri attains the size of a large timber tree, have some value.
Now let us compare the figures on Plate 116. The juvenile foliage of -
E. vernicosa is unknown; that of E. Muelleri is shown at 5a and 6a. The mature
leaves of EB. vernicosa ere small, nearly as broad as long, and shortly petiolate; those
of E. Muelleri are much larger, long in proportion to their width, and have long
petioles. The anthers are nearly the same, the buds of #. Mueller are much more
angled, sometimes winged. It is in the fruits that the two species differ greatly, those
of E. vernicosa being campanulate, with a thinnish rim and the valves sunk; those of
E. Muelleri are nearly hemispherical, cozrsely angled, and with broad rims,
2. With E. urnigera Hook. f.
It grows with and is very like Z. urnigera, Hook. f., with which I have no doubt it has been
confounded. The two trees can hardly be distinguished when seen together, and with #. Muelleri the
branches are very tough, so that it is most unusual to pick up broken limbs with inflorescence. With
E. urnigera on the contrary, the wood is brittle. (L. Rodway, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1894, p. 51.)
Compare Part XVIII, Plate 80, of the present work.. There is a .general
similarity between both juvenile and mature leaves of both species—certainly
sufficient to put one on one’s guard. The anthers are not very dissimilar, but the
buds and fruits are sharply dissimilar,
163
3. With EF. coccifera Hook. f.
. (the) buds and fruit (of Z. Muelleri) ave practically similar to those of EZ. coccifera,
and till one was fortunate enough to secure flowers and detect the parallel anther-cells, the distinctness
would not suggest itself. (L. Rodway, 1894, p. 51.)
Compare with Part V, Plate 28, of the present work. There is a general
similarity in the mature leaves, the veins of HL. coccifera, however, form a more acute
angle with the midrib; they also have hooked tips. The juvenile leaves of
E. coccifera are sufficiently different from those of EH. Muelleri. The anthers are, as
Mr. Rodway has pointed out, quite different. I do not agree that the buds and fruit
of #. coccifera are similar to those of #. Mueller, unless there is a much greater
amount of variety in the buds and fruits of #. coccifera than I have depicted.
In Plate 28 the buds are in more than threes and appear quite different, while
the fruits have no exserted valves, and differ in other respects.
I may point out that the lettering of some of the figures on Plate 28 is not
correct. 2a and 2b belong to £. coccifera, as well as 3, 4, and 5.
4, With 2. ovata Labill.
The resemblance to H. ovata is quite sufficient to be noticed. Compare
Part XXVII, Plate 114. It is most noticeable in the larger fruited forms, see figure 2
of that Plate (my suggested var. grandiflora). The anthers and mature foliage
resemble each other, the juvenile foliage less so. The fruits of HZ. ovata are in more
than three, more pedicellate, and more top-shaped and less angled.
5. With £. alpina Lindl.
There is a superficial resemblance between these two species. They have
coriaceous foliage, almost greasy in lustre, rugose buds, and fruits which though
smaller in Z. Muelleri, have some resemblance. EH. Muelleri may be a large tree;
#. alpina is always a scrambling small tree, “ne reniform (though not typical)
anthers.
164
DESCRIPTION.
CXLVII. EF. Kitsoniana (J. G. Luehmann) Maiden.
As E. Kitsoni in Victorian Naturalist xxi, 112 (1904).
Fo.Liowine is the original description :—
Eucalyptus Kitsoni, J. G. Luehmann, Herb.*
This species-name has already found its way into literature, but the species has not been described,
through the unfortunate illness of my friend Mr. J. G. Luehmann, F.L.S., Curator of the National Herbarium,
Melbourne. One reference is in the Victorian Naturalist,} and the plant has also been distributed by
Mr. Luehmann under the name above given.
A dwarf tree. It usually does not grow higher than 4 feet to 5 feet, but at Foster it is found 18 to
20 feet in height. (A. W. Howitt.)t Mr. Howitt informed me that it attained a height of 30 feet.
Bark.—Smooth in texture and ashy-grey in colour, which becomes lighter in the upper branches.
(A. W. Howitt, op. cit.)
Juvenile Foliage.—The youngest specimens seen by me are oblong to broadly lanceolar in shape,
sessile, or with a very short petiole, rounded at the apex, or terminating in a blunt point, symmetrical ;
texture coriaceous. The dimensions of some specimens are 3 x 1? inches and 5 x 2} inches. Veins well
marked, spreading, the intramarginal vein a considerable distance from the edge.
Mature Foliage.—When in a flowering state this tree has sometimes a few oblong leaves, but
they vary in all degrees of width of lanceolar shape up to, say, 4 inches long by half an inch wide. Leaves
on flowering twigs may be a little different from the juvenile foliage stage. either as regards shape or position
of intramarginal vein. Fully developed leaves have the intramarginal vein close to the edge, and are
petiolar, with a petiole of an inch and more.
Buds with blunt conoid operculum when unripe, the calyx sessile on a broad (strap-shaped) peduncle.
When near bursting the operculum is either perfectly hemispherical or with a slight umbo.
Flowers.—In a head of usually seven individual flowers, but they may be asfewasthree. Anthers
two-celled and parallel.
Fruits.—Hemispherical to sub-cylindrice] in shape, or more or less conoid by mutual pressure.
Over } inch in diameter. The rim truncate and well-marked, the tips of the valves flush with the rim, or
scarcely exceeding the rim. The fruit smooth or slightly angled. Valves in 3’s, 4’s, and 5’s as seen.
Species-name in honour of Albert Ernest Kitson, F.G.S., geological surveyor in the service of the
Victorian Government, who has, at the instigation of Mr. Howitt, given much attention to this eucalypt.
Mr. Frederick Chapman, of the National Museum, Melbourne, obligingly points
out that the name Pucalyptus Kitsoni is preoccupied by Mr. Henry Deane (Ree. Geol.
Surv. Vict., Vol. i, pt. i, p. 25, pl. iv, figs. 5-7) for a fossil species from Berwick,
Victoria. I, therefore, suggest alteration to Kitsoniana.
* As the above deseription was my own, I received & good deol of friendly criticism at the time through the
absence of my name. I now conjoin my name with that of the late Mr. Luchmann.
+ Vol. xvii, p, 81 (6th September, 1901), t Trans, Roy. Soc. Vict., 1890, p. 101 8 2 Gunnii [b)).
165
SYNONYM.
E. Gunnii var. (b), Howitt.
This dwarf variety grows in poor, boggy country in’ the low-lying tracts, but also occurs in the drier
hills at Foster. It usually does not grow higher than 4 feet to 5 feet, but at Foster it is found from 18 feet
to 20 feet in height. The bark is smooth in texture, and ashy-grey in colour, which becomes lighter in the
upper branches. Generally, when in its dwarf form it has a large butt level with the ground of several feet
in diameter, from which rise numerous shoots.
In the dwarf form the leaves (excepting in the upper shoots) are somewhat broadly ovate, and are
opposed and sessile. The texture is thick and leathery, of a dull, rather dark green colour. In the taller
examples the leaves become scattered, ovate lanceolar, somewhat attenuated at the stalk, and acuminate.
They are equilateral, slightly shining, and of a rather brighter tint than the sessile leaves, and have the
marginal vein distinctly removed, the lateral veins numerous and rather spreading. Very often the terminal
leaves are opposed.
This Eucalypt flowers and fruits when in a completely dwarf state. The umbels are mostly axillary,
and of a bright yellow to orange colour, as are also the stalks and young shoots. The stalklet is angular and
wrinkled, sometimes rounded, about twice as long as the sessile buds, which are 3 to 7, and much crowded
together. The fruit sessile in clusters of 3 to 7, semi-ovate, margin slightly compressed, valves small, not
exserted, stalk slightly flattened. (A. W. Howitt, op. cit., p. 101.)
RANGE.
“ Dwarf eucalypt, Foster, Gippsland, Victoria; A. W. Howitt, 14th November,
1888 ” (label on specimens in Nat. Herb. Melb.; comm. J. G. Luehmann).
“Grows in poor, boggy country, in the low-lying tracts, but also occurs in the
drier hills at Foster” (A. W. Howitt, op. cit.).
“All the undoubted samples of the species that I have yet seen on these
(Powlett) plains are from burnt boles, though I believe some I saw nearer Cape
Patterson are seedlings” (A. HE. Kitson, 3rd February, 1903, in litt.). Foster is
further to the east.
AG NEE RES:
1. With F. botryoides Sm.
Let us compare H#. Kitsoniana with Victorian-grown botryoides. The juvenile
foliage is smaller, much thinner, more acuminate, and has the venation more
transverse, and the intramarginal vein closer to the edge in ZL. botryoides, while
the mature foliage is certainly more transverse-veined. I have never seen the buds
of H. botryoides so rounded as in EL. Kitsoniana. The fruits of botryoides are more
cylindrical, and the valves more sunk within the orifice. The bark of LE. botryoides
is fibrous scaly. I regret I have not been able to obtain a piece of timber.
166
2. With EF. ovata Labill. (This is one of the species included in FZ. Gunnit
Hook. f., by Mueller).
E. Kitsoniana is the var. (b) of 2. Gunnii of Howitt, see p. 165, so Mr. Howitt
informed me.
E. ovata is common in sour, swampy land in Southern Victoria. It has the
juvenile leaves more rounded and the opercula more conical. The fruits also are more
top-shaped than those of HZ. Kitsoniana, and the rim broader than the rest of the
calyx. The peduncles are not strap-shaped, while the buds, flowers, and fruits are
pedicellate.
’
3. With £. dumosa, var. rhodophloia Benth. (E. incrassata Labill., var-).
It is certainly very near to the above, and perhaps identical with it. See
B.Fl. iii, 230, and the present work, Part IV, p. 98. I have drawings only of the
Kew specimens examined by Bentham. They are from Phillips’s Bluff, near Eyre’s
Relief, W.A., but, as compared with #. Kitsoniana, show some of the fruits slightly
pedicellate, with, however, sessile buds. The peduncles are strap-shaped. The fruits
are in 3’s and 4’s (those of H. Kitsoniana being in 3’s, 4’s, and 5’s). The foliage
appears to be identical as far as it goes.
But all the differences enumerated may not amount to much, and, considering
the E£. Kitsoniana and the rhodophloia specimens are from localities separated by
two thousand miles, it would be extraordinary if they were precisely identical.
167
DrsCmLe RION:
CXLVIIT, E. viminalis Labillardiere.
Noy. Holl. Pl. i,-12, with plate 151 (1806).
FoLiow1ne is the original :—
“Eucalyptus operculo subhemispherico, mucronato; foliis lineari-lanceolatis; capitulis trifloris,
Jateralibus. Arbor mediocris altitudine, ramulis apice angulosis. Folia lineari-lanceolata acuminata,
nervulis vix conspicuis, palmaria ad spithamea; petiolata, alterna. Flores communi pedunculo axillari,
subancipiti, vix petiolorum longitudine, saepius tres cruciatim dispositi, centralis pedicello longiori
exterorum. Calyx semi-globosus, operculo paululum eodem breviori, coriaceo. Stylus brevior, staminibus,
stigmate subcapitato. Capsule globosa. calyce corticata, semitecta, tri ed quedrilocularis. Alias ut in
specie precedenti. Habitat in capite Van-Diemen.”
The descriptions in English in the Flora Australiensis and Eucalyptographia
can be accepted as correct, and there is an excellent figure in the latter work, but the
synonymy quoted by Bentham and copied by Mueller is considerably incorrect as
will be shown presently, and also under “ Synonyms.” The cause of the trouble has
been too great reliance on dried, imperfect specimens. Those of us who have come
later have had opportunities of studying the various forms in the field.
I will quote and briefly discuss a number of references to this species in works
chiefly quoted by Bentham in B.F/. i, 239 :—
1 and 2. Neither Sprengel, Systema Vegetabilium 11, 501 (1825) (not 505 as
quoted in “ Eucalyptographia ”’) nor DC. Prod. i, 218, both brief Latin descriptions,
add anything to Labillardiére.
3. Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i, 134. It is not figured in this work, but Gunn’s 685,
1083, 1085, 1090, 1092, are quoted.
Hooker speaks of it as abundant throughout Tasmania, ascending to 4,000 feet
and forming “ a middling-sized tree 60 feet high.”
The peduncles “bear three, rarely four or more flowers . . . Australian
specimens have often more than three flowers on each peduncle.”
4. Miq. in Ned. Kruadk. Arch. iv, 125; (see E. saccharifera F.v.M. below).
5. F. Muell. Fragm. ui, 64, is a recapitulatory account of the specjes.
Howitt says (Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict. u, 97, 1890), “ My observation has shown
me that there are at least three Eucalypts which may be assigned to the type of
BE, viminalis.” He goes on to say :—
(a) The typical form of EZ. viminalis in Gippsland is the so-called ‘“ white gum,” or “river gum,”
which grows along the immedis‘e courses of streams. It may, for insiance, be seen along the Glengarry,
Thompson, Mitchell, and other > vors.
168
It accords well with the description of the species given in the “ Hucalyptographia,” hence I need
not refer to it further here, more especially as I shall have to draw attention to it in distinguishing the
varieties. :
The typical form grows from near sea-level to at least 4,000 feet, as on some small streams rising in
Mount Livingstone. It is especially found following the river courses, and ascends to its highest elevation
without extending to the hills on either side. (See Pl. 15, Figs. 23 to 31; Pl. 14, Figs. 7, 8, 9.)
Size.—Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia ’’) quotes a Victorian tree up to 320 feet
high and with a diameter of 17 feet, and another of 20 feet, but in view of the
shrinkage which has taken place in the reputed heights of H. regnans from the same
districts, when taken in hand by a surveyor, I recommend that authoritative
measurements be sought for. At the same time the species attains a very great
height; I have personally seen enormous trees.
Bark.—Rodway, speaking of Tasmania, where the type came from, says (“ The
Tasmanian Flora,” p. 57), “ Bark usually smooth and white from the base, but
sometimes the trunk coarsely scaly or scaly-fibrous even to the upper branches.”
With a rough persistent bark, 2% least on the trunk and main branches, that of the smaller branches
often smooth and deciduous, and sometimes the whole described as deciduous. . . . In New South
Wales specimens the bark sometimes said to be quite smooth, probably when the rough bark has been
shed. (B.FI. ili, 239, 240.)
Bark much persistent on the stem and sometimes also on the main branches, outside rather dark-
coloured, wrinkled and rough, comparatively solid in texture, though somewhat fragile; through secession
leaving the younger bark outside smooth and whitish-grey or almost white, giving off externally when
rubbed, a flour-like bloom, as does also the bark of #. redunca. (Bucalyptographia.)
The late C. Walter speaks of “ A coast form with rough bark, Port Phillip.”
In New South Wales, most generally the bark is smooth, deciduous, hanging in
strips. It is what we know as a “ Ribbony Gum.” The ribbons are best seen on
wet, windy days; they then flatten out and are seen to be of great length, like
streamers or pennants.
Notes on the anatomy of the bark of this species by Professor Moeller of
Vienna, will be seen in the “ Eucalyptographia.”
Seedling leaves.—Usually they are narrow, but they vary a great deal in size
and texture, becoming almost coriaceous in some specimens. As regards the breadth
of seedling leaves, we take a few instances almost at random.
(a) Narrow and broadish; multiflowered. (A. W. Howitt, Wando Vale, Vic.)
(b) Broadish; in threes. (Sunny Corner, N.S.W., J. L. Boorman.)
(c) The broadening of the seedling foliage is very common in northern New South
Wales, and Mr. L. Rodway informs us that broadish seedling leaves are
common in Tasmania in this species also,
Broadish juvenile leaves are figured at Fig. 3a, Plate 118, and Figs. la, 1b, Le,
2, lla, 11b, Plate 119.
169
It must, however, be understood by the term “ broadish ” that it is comparative
as regards the usual narrow juvenile leaves of 2. viminalis, and that it is far from
approximating to broad suckers, 7.e., those in which length and breadth tend to
become equal. At the same time I admit that occasionally, e.g., Fig. 1b of Plate 119,
the juvenile leaves are fairly described by the adjective broadish.
Mature leaves.—The strictly opposite character of the seedling leaves some-
times extends even to the mature foliage (e.g., figs. 12a and 13 of Plate 118), and may
extend to even above the fruits (¢.g., certain trans-Blue Mountains specimens).
The foliage has a. dainty fragrance, not easily described,
Pedicels.—Pedicels short (B.Fl. ui, 239). They, however, vary in length in
many localities.
Buds.—In New South Wales specimens the buds are usually very smooth and
shining (B.Fl. iii, 240). The words “ smooth and shining” apply best to the buds
of certain forms of #. Gunnii that Bentham included under viminalis, but shininess
is no absolute criterion. ;
Operculum.—‘ Conical or hemispherical, blunt or sharp, as long as the calyx ”
(Hooker’s Fl. Tas.). Obtuse or conical, not much longer than the calyx-tube. The
shape varies within very wide limits. The ovoid-budded forms have the opercula
rounded, sometimes nearly hemispherical; others are conical and even beaked. In
northern New South Wales, for example, the operculum varies from ovoid to very
pointed; this latter form is found in the northern portion and in Victoria and
Tasmania. The beaked operculum is found in the three-flowered and multiflowered
series.
Following are notes on two specimens with beaked or very long opercula :—
(a) A specimen from Snowy River in Herb. Melb. in Mueller’s handwriting,
“#. viminalis Labill. var. pedicellaris Mueller.’ Slightly glaucous; multi-
flowered.
(b) Also from the Snowy River, labelled by Mueller “ #. viminalis Labill., var.
rhynchocorys, Ferd. Mueller (rhynchos, a beak) and with the addition,
“regarded by Bentham as a variety of F. tereticornis” (a mistake readily
made with specimens only in leaf and bud), Three-flowered; slightly
glaucous.
E. viminalis often multiflowered.
“Peduncles . . . . bearing three, rarely four or more flowers ; s i: ;
Australian specimens have often more than three flowers on each peduncle ” (Hooker's
Fi. Tas.). We have a number of multiflowered specimens from Tasmania.
“ Peduncles short, axillary or lateral, bearing in some specimens, especially
northern ones, always 3 flowers on short pedicels, in others 6 to 8 flowers more
distinctly pedicellate.” (B.FI. iii, 239.)
C
170
“The species varies very much in the size and number of the flowers, and the
shape of the operculum. In the original Tasmanian form, common also in Victoria,
the peduncles are mostly 3-flowered, although occasionally many-flowered specimens
occur.” (Lb., p. 240.)
Howitt’s “typical form of 2. vimialis” (Kucalypts of Gippsland, Trans. R.
Soc. Vict. ii, Part i, p. 97, pl. 15, figs. 23-31), includes a form with 5 flowers.
“ Umbels generally three-flowered ” (Mueller, “ Eucalyptographia ”).
“ B. viminalis rarius 4-7 floris ” (Fragm. i, 64).
At Lidsdale, New South Wales, we found trees of the true ““ Manna, or Weeping
White Gum,” flowers mostly in threes, but up to 7's; and in the Kanimbla Valley
(road to Lowther) with flowers in 4’s.
We have often amused ourselves in searching for 4’s and even for 5’s in trees
that appeared to have the inflorescence entirely in 3’s, and usually found them, if
sufficient patience were exercised.
It is often convenient in practice to divide the species into those which have
the flowers in threes and those which have them in more than three. We have
multiflowered specimens from every State in which the species is found.
E. viminalis has been sent to me with crimson filaments from Mount Wilson
by Mr. Jesse Gregson.
Fruits.—“ Fruit-rim not very convex and often flat. In the New South
Wales specimens the flowers and fruits are usually small.” (B.FIl. in, 240.) The
size and shape of the fruits vary a good deal. We have some quite small ones from
Tasmania, and the largest ones we have ever seen are from northern New South
Wales. From that part of the State we have also obtaimed some smaller than the
average, and some with valves protruding further than we have seen them from any
other locality. Sometimes they are nearly hemispherical; others are longer in
proportion to the width.
E. viminalis is known as the Manna Gum because of the manna it exudes from
the leaves. It seems more appropriate to discuss the subject of manna in my “ Forest
Flora of New South Wales.” In New South Wales at least 2. rubida yields manna
more abundantly than does #. viminalis.
171
SYNONYMS.
It will be seen what confusion has gathered around ZH. wiminalis. We have
few true synonyms, but a comparatively large number of reputed synonyms. The
true synonyms would appear to be :—
1. E. angustifolia Desf.
2. EF. saccharifera F.v.M.
3. BE. erucivalvis F.v.M.
The reputed synonyms are :—
1. £. diversifolia Benth. non Bonpl.
2. E. elata Dehn. (?).
3. E. persicifolia Lodd. non DC.
4, FE. pilularis DC. non Sm.
5. E. Huberiana Naudin (?).
References will be given to the above names in sequence together with additional
notes on Bentham’s synonymy. Ne
1. £. angustifolia Desf, (quoted also as Spreng., et Candolle, and Link Enum;
ex. Spreng.). The original is:—“‘ angustifolia, a feuill. étroites, N. Holl.
or.” (Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. Ed. 1, 1804, p. 222.)
Then we have :—
“227 K. angustifolia, Desfont. Par. Fol. subsessilia 2’ 6” lga., 2” lata acutata
attenuata ” (Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii, 30). Sprengel 1, 501, makes it a synonym
of EZ. saligna Sm.
Tt is £. wminalis Labill. according to a specimen in Hort. Berol. examined by
me in 1900.
The name Z. angustifolia is preoccupied in any case, and the present synonym
is not important. But it is desirable to set down the evidence in regard to these old _
names.
2 and 3. E. saccharifera F.v.M. and E. erueivalvis F.v.M. Following is an
extract from Miquel in Kruidk. Arch. iv, 125 :—
E. vinuinalis, Labill. lc. p. 12, Tab. 151, DC. Prod. lc. 218, n. 15.
E. saccharifera, Ferd. Miiller mss.
E. crucivalvis ej. olim,
“In humidis ad Onkaparinga m. Aug. Beagle Range, Lofty Range (IF. Miller).
Tasmania (Stuart n. 7). Arbor procera, trunco cinereo albo recto.”
172
I have seen one of Miquel’s specimens as above in Plante Miilleriane (Herb.
Barbey Boissier), and it is E. viminalis. There is a specimen, similarly labelled from
Herb. W. Sonder in herb. Cant. ex. herb. Lindl.
I have seen specimens of LZ. saccharifera and L. crucivalvis so labelled by Mueller
(the latter having very exserted valves).
Incidentally I may remark that saccharifera was sometimes written sacchariflua.
Two specimens are before me as I write, viz., one in Miquel’s handwriting, and a
second in W. H. Harvey’s handwriting “ex herb. Hook.” circa 1855. We may,
therefore, with safety put saccharifera, sacchariflua, and crucivalvis as synonyms of
vrminalis.
RepuTED SYNONYMS.
1. See the following references in the Flora Australiensis under E. viminalis :—
“ EF. diversifolia Bonpl. Pl. Malm. 35, t. 18; DC. Prod. i, 220.
“ Kangaroo Island R. Brown, Waterhouse, these specimens precisely agreeing
with those of HB. diversifolia from French gardens, originally raised from Kangaroo
Island seeds. . . .”
“Jn the South Australian 2. diversifolia, the flowers are rather numerous in
the umbel, and the fruit large.”
See Vol. I, p. 200, of the present work. The specimens are not LZ. viminalis;
they are E. diversifolia Bonpl.
Bentham goes on to say :—“ Z. fabrorum, Schlecht., in Linnea, xx, 656, was
supposed by F. Mueller to refer to H. obliqua, owing to his stating it to be the
“Stringy-bark * of the colonists, but Behr’s specimen in Herb. Sonder, communicated
by Schlechtendahl, is evidently the large-fruited form of Z. viminalis.” Bentham’s
reference is to E. diversifolia Bonpl. See Vol. I, pp. 40, 203, 218, of the present work.
2. E, elata Dehnhardt.” This is also quoted as a synonym. See Catalogus
plant. Hort. Camuld. 26.
According to Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia ’’), this is referable to 2. amygdalina
and not to 2. viminalis, according to a specimen received from Baron Cesati, see Nuovo
fornale Bot. Ital. xii, 46. See Part VI, p. 157 of the present work, where I suggest
it may be rather ZL. radiata Sieb. (2. numerosa, Maiden), closely allied to B. amygdalina.
The original description of the leaves is “lineari-lanceolatis . . . .. pellucido-
punctatis.” Another specimen labelled 2. elata Dehn. ex. h. (hort.) bot. Berolin. in
Mueller’s handwriting, given to me by Mr. Luehmann, is 2. globulus Labill.
Obviously two, if not three, species are included in specimens sent out as 2. elata Dehn.
2a, “ Walp. Rep. ii, 163.” The reference’is to 2. elata Dehn., just dealt with,
and to L. mannifera Moudie (Moodie), see below.
173
2b. “Li. mannifera. A Cunn., and perhaps also Moodie; Walp. Rep. i, 168,
although incorrectly described. This is 2. rubida Deane and Maiden. See
Part XXVI, p. 110.
3. “EF. persicifolia Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 501 (from the fig.), not of DC.” See
Vol. I of the present work, pp. 31, 33.
4. “ FE. pilularis, DC. Prod. ii, 218, not of Sm.”
The following are based on Bentham’s references :—
?
a. “HE. granularis, Sieb. Pl. Exs.” This is #. rubida Deane and Maiden. See
Part XXVI, p. 110.
b. “EF. Gunn, Mig. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv, 126 (not of Hook. f.), from
Streleczky range, Victoria, appears to be 2. viminalis.”
This is #. rubida Deane and Maiden. See Part XXVI, p. 110.
c. “ E. patentiflora, F. Muell., is referred here nm F. Muell. Fragm., u, 64. The
specimens described under that name by Miq., in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv,
125, belong to HE. melliodora.”
See Vol. II, p. 136, of the present work.
d. “ Exhibition Woods, No. 108, Macarthur,” quoted by Bentham as a synonym,
is the Flooded Gum of Camden, a tall tree, “a fine-looking, but compara-
tively worthless sort; the timber weak. and not durable.” (Cat. N.S.W.
Timbers London Exh. 1862, p. 26, collected by Sir William Macarthur.)
It is Z. Benthami Maiden and Cambage, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xlviii, 418
(1914).
5. EB. Huberiana Naudin, 2nd Mem. p. 42.
Described from one tree obtained at Nice, where it was cultivated by M. Huber,
after whom it is named. It is allied to or identical with F. viminalis.
The leaves are short for H. viminalis. The following translation is published
for the first time :—
I only know this species by a single specimen growing at the Villa Thuret, which I discovered at
Nice in an old garden belonging to M. Huber, a horticulturist, after whom I named it. It is biform and
quite distinct from all those that I know. The young leaves are opposite, sessile, oval or oval-oblong,
pointed, cordiform, and united at the base, slightly glaucescent, 3-4 centimetres long and 7-10 millimetres
_ broad at the most; when the tree is full grown the leaves are alternate, petiolate, narrow-lanceolate, pointed
at the apex and the base, straight or very slightly curved, of a bright green colour, 12-16 centimetres long
and 7-10 millimetres broad at the most. From a distance, and at the first glance, one might take &.
Huberiana for a rather slender form of viminalis, but it can be easily distinguished from it by the following
characteristics.
Its inflorescence consists of axillary umbels, rather shortly pedunculate, composed of seven very
small pedicellate flowers with the conical operculum the same length as the calyx tube. The fruit which
is about as large as an average grain of hemp-seed is pyriform-truncate. The capsule is three-celled, flat
on top and a little shorter than the calyx tube, the erect valves however exceed it slightly when mature.
This Eucalyptus is a graceful tree, slender of form, rustic in this country, about 10 metres high when
7 years old, but I do not know to what height it might attain in time, or to what part of Australia it is
native.
174
RANGE.
Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia’’?) gives the range as Spencer’s Gulf (South
Australia), also Kangaroo Island to Gippsland, thence to Tasmania and New South
Wales (north to New England and west to Lachlan River). I doubt if it goes as far
west as the Lachlan. In Tasmania, the home of the type, it is found all over the
island.
It loves the banks of streams or fresh-water lakes. It is partial to good, deep
soil, when it attains a large size. It is, however, tolerant as regards soil, and is found
on the side of hills, but it never attains the same development as when plenty of
moisture is available.
TASMANIA.
It is common in most parts of the island.
Following are some classical specimens I have examined—
1. Robert Brown, Tasmania, 1802-5. No. 4740. River Derwent.
Ditto No. 42.
2. No. 685, R. Gunn. Quoted by Hooker. Collected at Hobart, 29th February,
1840, also Hobart (Degraves), Risdon, River Side, also Woolnorth, Bevley Bank,
Government Paddock, Hobart, and Circular Head. No. 685 was therefore not collected
from one locality.
The truncate appearance of unripe fruits is observable in #. viminalis around
Hobart.
The leaves vary a good deal in width in Tasmania itself. Operculum sometimes
very pointed. Precisely similar to Victorian specimens from the Snowy River. See
p. 169.
3. 1083, R. Gunn. Quoted by Hooker. Variously obtained from Marlborough
(J. D. Hooker, 1840), and Lake Arthur (Gunn, 1843).
4. 1085, R. Gunn. Quoted by Hooker, Hobart. In bud, flower and early
fruit. Government Paddock, Hobart.
5. 1086, R. Gunn. Government Paddock, Hobart, 1842. Bud and fruit.
6. 1087, R. Gunn. In bud and very young fruit. No precise locality.
7. 1090, R. Gunn. Quoted by Hooker. Circular Head, V.D.L., and Circular
Head sandhills. In plump bud, flower and fruit. In various herbaria including herb.
Sydney. Flowering profusely. ;
8. 1092, R. Gunn. Quoted by Hooker, Grass-tree Hill, V.D.L., Herb. Cant.
ex. herb. Lindl. In bud only. Also Risdon, River Side. In bud and fruit.
9. 1097, R. Gunn. Fruits only (Plenty Bridge).
A number of Gunn’s specimens (and probably Hook. f.’s as well) were distributed
from the Hookerian herbarium under the name Z. viminea, Lab., a slip of the pen for
E. wminalis.
175
T have also examined :—
(a) \ specimen ex. herb, Paris in herb. Barbey-Boissier, bearing the No. 127,
collected in 1844 (probably by Verreaux, has the rather narrow leaves, and
is similar in every other respect to Labillardiére’s figure of the type). This
Species is somewhat variable in the width of the leaves.
(b) No. 286, Oldfield, Hills, Frogmore, near Richmond, Tas. Herb. Barbey-
Boissier, and Cant.
Other specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney, are, Hobart (G. Caley,
November, 1805); Mount Wellington (R. H. Cambage and J. H. Maiden); Bellerive,
Hobart (L. Rodway).
Bark deciduous, almost from the extreme base, and almost silvery white when
‘fresh. Tree small (30-50 feet), spreading. Wood yellow, brittle, worthless. A
-common Hobart form (L. Rodway).
Foot of Cumming’s Head; Hills, plains, and sides of mountains near Deloraine;
Hummocks.—(All W. H. Archer).
SoutH AUSTRALIA.
In this State it has only been recorded, so far, from the Mount Lofty Range
and the Mount Gambier district.
E. “crucivalvis Mueller” (in his handwriting), “ £. saccharifera, F. Mill.” (in
Miquel’s handwriting), “ Lofty Ranges” (Mueller). “ Rough bark, clean branches,”
Mount Lofty (Dr. J. B. Cleland). .
“ A tall straight tree with a grey deciduous bark,”’ Aldgate (Max Koch, No. 954).
Typical wminalis but fruits in 3’s and 4’s and 5’s. Sucker leaves, mature leaves,
old and young fruits, also from Narracoota Caves Forest Reserve (W. Gill).
Usually in threes, but also exhibiting a head of six; young fruits truncate;
fruit valves of ripe fruits well exserted and typical wiminalis; no sucker leaves ©
_available. Mount Gambier (W. Gill).
VICTORIA.
It is common in the moister, cooler districts of this State.
A specimen labelled “ Australia felix,” from Mueller in Herb. Cant., ex herb.
Lindl., has a cluster of 4 fruits.
Domain, Melbourne, Wild tree. Many leaves opposite, not sucker foliage,
but top of an adult tree (J. G. Luehmann). Cheltenham, Port Phillip (C. Walter);
Little River, multiflowered (Fullagar); Barwon (J. Bracebridge Wilson).
Bark on trunk and branches very rough, not deciduous, timber white, 10-30 feet,
Forest, Wando Vale (J. G. Robertson, No. 499, 14th January, 1844). “ Weeping
Gum,” Red timber, Wando Vale (J. G. Robertson, No. 242, 7th April, 1842). Heath
around Portland Bay, 10-20 feet (J. G. Robertson, 20th March, 1843). Port Fairy
(J, H. Maiden); Hawkesdale (H, B. Williamson),
176
The following specimens from A. W. Howitt all have fruits in threes :—Geelong ;
Beaumaris; Glen Iris; Bruthen Creek; Port Albert, small trees on heaths, half-
barked, smooth limbs; Alberton; Black Range, near Glenelg River. “ In flats, bark
rugged up to small limbs.” No. 1 multiflowered.
There is a “ Blackbutt” from Hotspur. Height up to 110 feet (measured tree),
Wild Horse Creeks, fruits in 5’s, pointed buds (A. W. Howitt).
Multiflowered, Turnback, Gippsland (A. W. Howitt); Hobson’s Creek, Gipps-
jand (Mueller); Swan Reach, South Gippsland (J.H.M.);~ Wilson’s Promonotory (J.
Blackburne); Healesville (C. Walter); foot of Mount Macedon (E. Cheel); “ White
Gum,” brittle wood, Hesket, 2,000 feet, near Mount Macedon (J. M. Griffiths);
Heathcote and Macedon (W. 8. Brownscombe, 19a); Gisborne (J. Staer); Arthur’s
Creek (J. Staer); Maryborough (J. Blackburne). “‘ Big old tree with persistent rough
wrinkled bark on stem and main branches, even extending to the smaller ones; tree
yielding manne.” Near Cestlemaine (J. Blackburne).
Dunkeld, near Mount Abrupt, Grampians, another specimen from same locality
with Mueller’s note, “ rough bark, not fibrous bark.’ Multiflowered (Bolton).
“ Blue Gum,” Pyrenees (Collector?), Bright (J.H.M.). ’
New SoutH WaALEs.
Ti is a denizen of well-watered, cold localities, ascending to over 4,000 feet,
Passing through from Victoria it is found on the southern and northern Tablelands
of the State from end to end, passing into Queensland by means of New England.
Southern Districts.—‘* White Gum,” quite glabrous. Flowers in 3’s, ripe fruits
fairly well exserted, 3-celled. Immature fruits, truncate, Brown’s Camp, near
Delegate (W. Baeurlen);: near Delegate Hill (W. Forsyth); “ persistent bark at butt;
above that very white.” Bombala (A. W. Howitt); ‘‘ Ribbony Gum,” largest tree
in Bombala district. Cathcart (J.H.M.).
Copy of note made at the time :—N.B.—Complete material available, “ Fruits
tending to sub-cylindrical like these show transition to Gunnii and show how difficult
it is to discriminate on fruits alone.” Nimitybelle (J.H.M.) Cooma, H. Deane’s 228
(H. Deane and others); Sherwin Creek, McLachlan River, Bibbenluke to Dalgety.
Along the creeks and on the hills with 2. coriacea (A. W. Howitt); Towamba River,
Eden (A. W. Howitt); Wyndham (J. L. Boorman); Bemboka (A. W. Howitt);
Yourie, 30 miles west of Bermagui (W. Dunn); Moruya (J. L. Boorman); Wog Wog,
Currockbilly (J. L. Boorman); Araluen Mountain (J.H.M.); Jillamatong Mountain,
near Braidwood. The only species on the mountain (J. L. Boorman); Sugar Loaf
Mountain, Braidwood (W. Baeuerlen); ‘* Grey Gum,” Braidwood, with suckers broader
than usual; “ Ribbony Gum,” Braidwood (J. 8S. Allan); Sassafras, Nowra Road (J,
L. Boorman); Turpentine, near Nowra (J. L. Boorman); ‘ Manna Gum,” Dalgety
177
(A. W. Howitt); Yarrangobilly (W. Forsyth); “ White or Drooping Gum,” Tumber-
umba (W. Kopsen); Laurel Hill, Tumberumba (R. H. Cambage); Talbingo, vid
Tumut (A. W. Howitt); Batlow (A. W. Howitt); “A tree like viminalis, only very
inlocked, and will not split,’ Tumut (A. Murphy). These specimens are an absolute
match of those named H#. crucivalvis by Mueller.
Lake George (H. C. Russell); Yass (Revd. J. W. Dwyer, No. 60); Yass Junction
(W. M. Carne); Kenmore, near Goulburn, “ White Gum” (J.H.M.); Goulburn (Revd.
J. W. Dwyer); Towrang (J. L. Boorman); Wingello (J. L. Boorman); Box Point to
Barber’s Creek (J.H.M.); Gillen Bullen, Berrima (R. T. Baker).
Western Districts.—On basalt and on sandstone at Mount Wilson; at Hassan’s
Walls, and thence to Cox’s River; also Lowther Road, Mount Victoria, into Kanimbla
Valley; also Jenolan Caves (J.H.M.).
Mount Wilson, with crimson, also the ordinary white flowers (Jesse Gregson) ;
Lowther Road, Kanimbla Valley, intensely yellow filaments (J. ae Cox’s River
(R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
Juvenile leaves from same tree vary in size from 34 to 12 inches long, and from
% to 2 inches broad, Mount Blaxland to Rydal (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.); Jenolan
Caves. Broadish suckers and rather large fruits (W. F. Blakely); Oberon (R. H.
Cambage); Rockley (J. L. Boorman); Perth, filaments intensely yellow (J. L. Boor.
man); Bathurst (H. G. Smith and Dr. H. I. Jensen); Blayney (J.H.M.); Mount
Macquarie (J. L. Boorman); 16 miles from Orange on Cargo Road (R. H. Cambage);
Bathurst to Sofala (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
“Ribbon Gum” or “Mountain Ash.” “Cut up at the local mills and sold
as Ash. Timber considered valuable for inside work. Grows to a tremendous height,
about 150 feet, has a long clean barrel. Rolls of ribbon-like bark hang on the trunks
of the trees.” Parish of Turon, County Roxburgh (A. R. Samuels).
“White Gum” stem-clasping juvenile leaves. Sunny Corner (J.H.M. and
J. L. Boorman). Ben Bullen and Capertee (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); between
Ilford and Capertee, at foot of Cherry Hills (A. Murphy); “ Ribbon Gum,” Nulle
Mountain, Rylstone (Forester Sim) with diameter 3 feet at 3 feet from ground, pointed
opercula; Grattai, vid Mudgee (J. L. Boorman); Hargraves (J. L. Boorman).
Northern Districts.—Howe’s Mountain, near Singleton (J. L. Boorman); Moonan
Brook or Flat, 9 feet diameter. Rough-butted from 30 feet up to 3rd fork, yet typical
viminalis. Moonan Flat and Brook, on the Hunter River, typical viminalis (no hard
bark). Up to 9 feet in diameter, rough-butted for 30 feet up to 3rd fork. Fruits in
3’s, 4’s, 5’s, 6’s, and 7’s (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Stewart’s Brook, truncate look
of unripe fruits (J-H.M.); Murrurundi. Fruits in 3’s and 4’s (L. A. Macqueen, W. F.
Blakely; Nundle, fruits in 3’s, and multi-flowered (M. H. Simon, J. L. Boorman);
White-boled Gum, the lowest 6 feet carrying rough bark. On low ground, Nundle
D
178
Common, 1,800 feet (E. Julius); ‘ Ribbon Gum,” Hanging Rock, vid Nundle (E,
Julius); Walcha, fruit in 3’s (J. L. Boorman); Tia, near Walcha, up to 4’s and
multiflowered. “ Ribbony Gum ” (J.H.M.).
“White Gum.” Fruits up to 4’s and 5’s. Between Myrtle Scrub and
Yarrowitch. The trees are straight, handsome-looking, up to 3 feet in diameter, and
as high as obliqua. The bark is more or less rough at the butt; above this the bark
is thin, falling off in ribbons. This viminalis forest (mixed with ZL. obliqua) is in rich
basaltic soil; in poorer ground towards Walcha the wmnalis trees are much inferior.
On a ridge near Tia I observed a viminalis tree with larger fruits; 17 miles east of
Walcha, on a flat, may be observed many trees with perfectly smooth trunks, with
plum-coloured patches thereon. They have glaucous, plum-tinted, broadish (ovate-
lanceolate) suckers, but are, nevertheless, undoubtedly viminalis. For many miles
before Walcha is reached EF. viminalis is exceedingly abundant, but most of the trees
are of the usual Ribbony Gum type, with all stages of twistiness of the ribbony bark,
and with much variation in the amount of rough bark at the butt (J.H.M.).
Tree of 35 feet, smooth bark with loose shaggy butt, on creek, Ph. Royinn,
Co. Parry (E. H. F. Swain), in 3’s with broad juvenile foliage. Uralla, up to 4’s, red
flowered (H. Deane); Armidale (J. L. Boorman); Tingha to Guyra (J. L. Boorman
and J.H.M.); banks of McIntyre River at Inverell (J.H.M.); Chandler and Styx Rivers
(A. W. Howitt); “ White Gum,” Guy Fawkes (W. MacDonald); Ben Lomond, up.
to 6’s (W. Dunn and J.H.M.); Glen Innes, large fruits up to 4’s, and very exserted
valves. Glen Innes, multiflowered (H. Deane and J. L. Boorman); Glen Elgin
(J. L. Boorman).
“ White Gum.’—When once the Dorrigo Mountain is ascended, and one is
fairly on the reserve, it will be found that there is but one species of Eucalyptus, a
White Gum. It is to be found all over the reserve, on the open country, fringing the
plains fronting the Beilsdown, Murray, and Nymboida Creeks. It is #. wiminalis.
The timber of H. viminalis is usually looked upon as the reverse of durable; in fact,
it bears a very bad name. But this Dorrigo white gum timber is anything but useless.
It is not first-class, but 1t is a good timber. I was shown a stockyard which had been
made of this timber thirty years ago (there is no other Eucalyptus timber anywhere
near); and posts and rails were but little the worse for wear. I carefully examined
into the timber and into the circumstances of its use, and the value of 2. viminalis
timber has certainly increased in my estimation; up to 6’s (J.H.M., 1898).
“White Gum ” grows about 60 to 100 feet, about 6 feet girth. Timber is light-
pink to white in colour, splits well, but is very spongy and is no good in the weather.
Grows in rather poorer soil than red gum, sometimes mixed with it in the same situation.
Fair burner, no good for mill on account of lack of durability (Robert Kaleski, Mountain
Top, Dorrigo).
Young shoots long, opposite, narrow. Some of the buds with rather blunt
opercula. Fruits rather small, up to 6’s and 7’s (The Bluff, Tenterfield, Henry Deane,
No. 314).
179
Tenterfield to Sandy Flat, some juvenile leaves quite broad (J.H.M.); “ All
the trees noticed have flaky bark at the base, none smooth; all multiflowered. Along
creek bank, Wilson’s Downfall (R. H. Cambage, No. 2,842); banks of Kooreelah Creek,
Wilson’s Peak, Macpherson’s Range, multiflowered (W. Dunn).
QUEENSLAND.
It is found in the New England portion of this State, but the area in which
E. viminalis occurs requires to be more properly defined.
Jae INET IBS.
At page 167 I have already referred to the reputed synonymy of £. viminalis as
understood by Bentham in BF. iti, 240.
This species has generally been considered to have close affinity to BE. Gunnit
Hook. f. By that is meant what we know now as the Gunniw group, and the two
members to which it is nearest related are #. maculosa R. T. Baker and £. ovata Labill.
1. With £. maculosa R. T. Baker.
Consider Plate 112 (Part XXVII). Speaking generally, the juvenile leaves of
E. maculosa axe shorter, broader, and more rigid. E. maculosa is much more frequently
multiflowered, and the valves are rarely so much exsert. E. maculosa is a smaller
tree and prefers drier situations, bemg a White Gum with blotches or a small amount
of flaky bark; E. wiminalis is a larger, bulkier tree of river banks and damp lands, and
a decidedly Ribbony Gum.
2. With £. ovata Labill.
Here the resemblance is less close; compare Plates 113 and 114 oi Part XXVII.
At the same time this species, in Tasmania and Ausiralia, has been confused with
E. viminalis.
Both are denizens of damp lands, but @. ovata has broader juvenile leaves, and
at the same time usually broader mature leaves; it is multiflowered, and the fruits
usually, but by no means invariably, have « different shape.
- 3. With £. Baeuerleni F.v.M.
The relations of these two species are even closer, and will be dealt with in
Fart XXIX.
180
4, With EF. Smithii R. T. Baker.
This is a species which was confused for many years with Z. viminalis. Compare
the figures 1 and 2 of Plate 55. The juvenile and mature leaves are a good deal
similar. Those of #. Smithii yield a valuable oil, while those of EZ. vimialis do not.
E. Smithii is multiflowered, while £. viminalis usually has flowers in threes, while it
much less rarely has them in fours and even more, but while multiflowered individuals
may be abundant in a particular district they are few in comparison with the total
of the normal form.
But the anthers are very different, those of EZ. Smithit being renantherous and
those of #. viminalis having parallel cells.
The fruits of #. Smith are, as a rule, smaller, and the tips of the valves more
incurved than those of EL. viminalis.
EB. Smithii is a comparatively erect tree; H. viminalis is a bulkier, more
scrambling tree, with inferior timber, which is pale coloured in both species.
5. With EF. dealbata A. Cunn.
“Seems merely an abnormal state of H. viminalis, standing to it
in the same position as . . . . JL. melanophloia to EL. crebra a:
(“ Eucalyptographia ” under £. viminalis).
The position of H. dealbata is nearer to that of EF. tereticornis, as will be
observed when #. dealbata is described in the present work. JZ. dealbata is a tree of
dry situations, with broad juvenile leaves and deep red timber.
181
Explanation of Plates (116-119).
PLATE 116.
EF. vernicosa Hook. f.
1. Fatigue Hill, Tasmania (R. Gunn’s No. 1113, 4th April, 1842). Type of the species. Note that the
buds are not solitary, but in threes. Leaves not opposite.
2a. Twig with buds, flower and fruit; 2b, twig with fruit; 2c, anthers. La Perouse, Tasmania, (LL. Rodway.)
Buds and fruit solitary.
3. Pointed leaf and conical operculum. Bud solitary. Plant 14-3 feet high. Mt. Sorell, Macquarie
Harbour, Tasmania, 3,000 feet (R. Gunn’s No. 1113, 8th December, 1846). Note that two distinct
specimens are the No. 1113 of R. Gunn.
4. Twig with buds in threes and relatively large leaves. (Collector of Baron von Mueller.)
E. Muelleri T. B. Moore.
5a. Juvenile leaves, almost inthe opposite stage; 5b, small mature leaf and buds. Tasmania. (L. Rodway,
December, 1897.)
6a. Juvenile leaves; 6b, fruits. The Springs, Mount Wellington, Tasmania. (J.H.M. and R.H. Cambage.)
Note the affinity in the leaves to #. vernicosa.
Ta. Mature leaf; 7b, buds; 7c, immature fruits. The Springs. (R. H. Cambage, No. 4003.)
8a. Mature leaf and buds; 80, anthers. Mount Field Hast, 4,000 feet, Tasmania. (J.H.M.) This form
shows transit to #. vernicosa. Compare figure 4 of the present Plate.
PLATE 117.
E. Kitsoniana (Luehmann) Maiden.
a. Juvenile leaf; 1b, mature leaf with fruits. Near Foster, South Gippsland, Victoria. (A. W. Howitt.)
2a. Narrow leaf with pointed opercula to flower buds; 20, leaf (also small) with buds; 2c, anthers. Powlett
Plains, South Gippsland. (E. Kitson.)
—
EZ. viminalis Labill.
3. Twig from figure of type in Labillardiére’s “‘ Plante Nove Hollandie,” Vol. ii, Plate 151.
4a. Fruits; 4b, anthers. Risdon river side near Hobart, Tasmania, 10th October, 1840 (R. Gunn’s No. 685).
5a, Mature leaf; 5b, fruits, not sessile. Foot of Cumming’s Head, Northern Tasmania. (W. H. Archer.)
6a. Mature leaf; 66, buds; 6c, fruits. Circular Head, Tasmania (portion of 1090, R. Gunn).
7. Immature fruits. Mt. Gambier, South Australia. (W. Gill.)
8. Mature leaf and fruits with much exserted valves, type of E. crucivalvis, F.v.M. Lofty Range, South
Australia, (Mueller.)
PLATE 118.
£. viminalis Labill.
la. Juvenile leaves; 1b, smallimmature fruits, scarcely domed. Hight-mile Swamp, Port Road, Gippsland.
(A. W. Howitt.)
2. Fruits in more than threes. Dunkeld, near Mt. Abrupt, Victoria. (Bolton.)
3a. Coarse juvenile leaves; 3b, pointed, pedicellate buds (in more than threes); 3c, anthers; 3d, fruits.
Wild Horse Creek, Gippsland. (A. W. Howitt.)
4a. Juvenile leaves, nearly in opposite state (adventitious growth); 4b, mature leaf; 4c, buds (in more
than threes); 4d, fruits. Snowy River, Victoria and New South Wales. (A. W. Howitt.)
5. Long narrow leaf and buds in more than threes. Little River, Victoria. (Fullagar.)
182:
PLATE 118—continued.
E. viminalis Labill.—continued.
6. Small fruits. Anderson’s Creek, Victoria. (C. Walter.)
7. Large fruits. Maryborough, Victoria. (J. Blackburne.)
8a. Mature leaf and buds; 8b, small fruit, tips of valves scarcely exsert. The beaked operculum specimen
is the var. rhynchocorys, F.v.M., but it is not uncommon in the species (compare 3b of this Plate,
also 5a of Plate 119). Snowy River. (Mueller.)
9a. Mature leaf; 96, inflorescence, of var. racemosa, F.v.M. Port Phillip, Victoria. (Mueller.)
10a. Mature leaf; 10b, buds (ten in the head!) Turpentine—Nowra Road, New South Wales. (J.L. Boorman.)
1]. Fruits with the valves fully exsert, even more so than those of 2. crucivalris F.v.M. (ee figure 8 of
Plate 117). Tumut, New South Wales. (A. Murphy.)
12a. Buds while the leavesare still in the juvenile stage (12b, buds a little further savant ) Sassafras—
Nowra Road, New South Wales. (J. L. Boorman.)
13. Fruits, while the leaves are still in the juvenile stage. Cooma, New South Wales. (J. L. Boorman.)
PLATE 119.
E. viminalis Labill.
la. 1b. 1c. Juvenile leaves, still in the opposite stage. Cox’s River, New South Wales. (R.H. Cambage
and J.H.M.) Note the remarkable variation in the width and size of the leaves. These, and
others, were collected from the same tree, and attached to the sheet of specimens is a statement,
signed by Mr. Cambage and myself; certifying to authenticity of the specimens and their
remarkable character.
2. Large juvenile leaves. Bathurst to Sofala, New South Wales. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.)
3. Stem-clasping juvenile leaves. Sunny Corner, New South Wales. (J. L. Boorman.)
4. Wide-mouthed fruits. Ilford to Capertee, New South Wales. (A. Murphy.)
5a. Buds with long-pointed opercula; 5b, fruit. Bathurst, New South Wales. (H. G. Smith.)
6. Juvenile leaves. Piri Brush, Upper Hunter, New South Wales. (Leichhardt, January, 1843.)
7. Fruitsin more than threes. Moonan Flat, Upper Hunter, New South Wales. (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman.)
8. Buds. numerous in head, pointed opercula. Myrtle Scrub to Yarrowitch, New England, New South
Wales, (J.H.M.) ae
9. Oval buds. Summit of hill 3 miles east of Tia, towards Walcha, New South Wales. (J.H.M.)
s
10. Pointed buds, with rather long pedicels. Walcha Road, New South Wales. (J. F. Campbell.)
lla. Juyenile leaves, still in the opposite stage; 11b, remarkebly large leaf, still in the opposite stage,
although the opposite leaf is not shown; Ile, fruits, which are on the previous year’s wood.
Parish of Royinn, county Perry, New South Wales. (E. H. F. Swain.) This shows, in a remaikable
manner, how great the variation may be in the juvenile leaves of this species. Such leaves could
certainly not be termed “ nzrrow.”
12a. Mature leaf; 12b, small buds (more than threes); 12¢, small fruits. Salisbury Plains, Uralla, New
South Wales. (T. G. Adamson.)
13. Fruits (more than threes). Glen Innes, New South Wales. (J. L. Boorman.)
14a. Buds with pointed opercula (compare figure 8a, Plate 118); 14b, very large fruits, with dspace
exserted valves. Glen Innes, New South Wales. (H. Deane.)
CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS. PL, 116.
M.Flockfon del et lith.
EUCALYPTUS VERNICOSA Hook. f. (1-4)
E. MUELLERI T. B. Moors. (5-8)
ur het Wad
: -v .
meine ga 4
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS i rn bs
M.Floekfon det-eF lifh.
EUCALYPTUS KITSONIANA Maen. (J-2)
E.VIMINALIS Lazmt. (8-8). [See also Plates 118 and 119.]
ee ee
a
is
ry |
,
-
A
‘
a ‘ss
‘>> be
7 .
i"
ou,
iW e ;
A? {
\
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,
Z
'
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PL. 118.
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
he
&
v
i]
e
2
<=
uo
ie
[See also Plates 117 and 119.]
EUCALYPTUS VIMINALIS Lasitt.
EUCALYPTUS.
REV
CRIT.
M.Flockion deCer Uth.
[See also Plates 117 and 118.]
EUCALYPTUS VIMINALIS Lasitt.
DroCrR ler tOnN:
CXIIX. EF. Baeuerleni F.v.M.
In Viclorian Naturalist vii, 76 (1890).
SHRuUBBY or arborescent; branchlets rather robust, angular when young; /eaves scattered, on compara-
tively short petioles, thickly chartaceous, mostly faleate-lanceolar, dark green on both sides, without
conspicuous lustre; their venules subtle, rather close, moderately spreading, the marginal one distinctly
removed from the edge of the leaf; oil-dots copious but faint; peduncles axillary, solitary, very short,
broadish, compressed, usually thr'ee-flowered; pedicels only very little developed or quite obliterated ;
tube of the calyz almost semi-ovate or more hemi-ellipsoid, slightly angular; operculwn somewhat shorter
than the tube, its lower part rather depressed, the upper somewhat suddenly ending in a narrow point;
stamens all fertile, filaments yellowish-white except the reddish base, infracted before expansion; anthers
pale, nearly ovate, opening by longitudinal slits; style short, stigma hardly broader than the style; fruit
somewhat large, nearly semi-ovate, its border narrow, slightly channelled; valves three or four, arising
considerably below the border, semi-exserted, rather pointed; fertile secds almost ovate, without any
appendage, larger than the sterile seeds, flat or angular on the imner side.
Thinly few- or many-stemmed, flowering at a height of 5 feet but attaining to 40 feet. Bark
smooth, brownish outside, the outer layers seceding. Leaves to 7 inches long and to 1 inch broad, generally
with a reddish edge. Calyx inside near the margin often red. Style usually red. Fruit often fully one-
third of an inch long. (Op. cit.)
“The bark, which is smooth along the whole length of the stem, even on the largest trees, also
appears to be characteristic in its peculiar brown colour, which I have not noticed in any other species yet
(he is speaking of southern New South Wales.—J.H.M.).
The timber is exceedingly hard to cut with the axe, but beautiful to cut with the saw, it is very firm
and compact, much harder and much heavier than the timber of H. stricta, growing in or nearest the same
situation, also amongst rocks. There can be very little doubt, to judge from its situation, from the
hardness and compactness of its timber as well as from its weight, that £. Baeuwerleni must be of very
slow growth. Kino appears to be exceedingly scarce.” (W. Bacuerlen in a letter, 1890.)
Tested under my direction at the Technological Museum, the following report
Was given :—
“ Of a pale colour, shrinks unequally in drymg. Is exceptionally heavy and close in
the grain. It works remarkably well, and is suggested for use for cogs.”
SYNONYM.
£. viminalis Labill.: var. Baewerleni Deane and Maiden, Prec. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W. xxvi, 142 (1901).
184
RANGE.
It has hitherto only been found in two localities, both in New South Wales,
viz. :—On the Sugar Loaf Mountain, near Braidwood, by the original discoverer, and in
gullies around Wentworth Falls, Blue Mountains, by the late W. Forsyth.
In the original description the locality is stated as “ On rocky declivities of the
Sugar-Loaf Mountain, towards the sources of the Clyde, at elevations between 2,500
and 4,000 feet, together with Hriostemon Coaii and Hakea Macreana.”
The following particulars concerning the habitat, variation in growth, and plant
associations of this species were communicated to me by Mr. Baeuerlen at the time of
its discovery :—
Though it ascends as a small weak straggling shrub, nearly to the very top of the Sugar Loaf
Mountain (3,800 feet) yet its normal situation is a steep almost vertical and widely broken up mountain
side, for there amongst broken cliffs and boulders it attains tree size, reaching a height from 40 to 60 feet,
and a diameter from 6-12 inches, the maximum sometimes 15 inches. Intermediate between the top, where
it is a weak shrub 4-5 feet in height and hardly 2 inches diameter, and yet heavily laden with fruit, and the
steepest region, there is a belt not quite so steep with a layer of soil, where it occurs more in mallee form,
sometimes more than a dozen stems springing from one rootstock, in fact in one instance I counted sixteen
stems. Farther down amongst the rocks and in the steepest place it grows to tree size, mostly with one
stem only, each stem having a considerable rootstock or butt, somewhat in the manner of the Musk (Olearia
argyrophylla). Old decayed or burnt out rootstocks of considerable size are plentiful, sometimes from
3+ feet in diameter. From those sometimes spring half a dozen or more trees from 6-9 inches in diameter.
It is also noteworthy that though for the first few hundred feet down the mountain LZ. stricta accompanies
the new species, but leaves it when it reaches the steepest and most rocky situation, no other Eucalypt is
then associated with it any more until it approaches its lowest elevation, when Messmate (2. amygdalina)
and Stringybark (Z. capitellata) accompany it. JF took particular notice of the fact, whether in this very
wild situation other species of trees would form those butts, but found no other trees growing there,
whether Eucalypts, Acacias or others, forming those butts in the same situation, so that I may assume that
they are peculiar to the species and form one of its characteristics.
For the present I believe that £. Bacuerleni will be found to be confined to this mountain-side and
a small narrow hill abutting on this mountain-side, which has one side covered with the species while the
other (south-eastern) side has not a single tree on it.
AFFINITIES.
1. With E. viminalis Labill.
“Tt recedes mainly from ZL. viminalis in leaves with thinner venules and more conspicuous oil-dots
in the flattened and also often thicker and shorter peduncles, in the angular calyx-tube, in the shape of the
operculum, and again in the larger fruits with half-enclosed valves of greater length and narrow rim.”
(Original description.)
LE. Baeuerleni is one of those species in which each bud has a sharp rim, showing
the junction of the slightly wider calyx-tube and operculum. This indicates a second
deciduous operculum to each bud.
185
This does not appear to obtain in LZ. viminalis. The latter frequents banks of
rivers and swampy places; the former is a denizen of dry hills, so far as we know at
present. At the same time I do not know any species which it resembles more closely
than that of 2. viminalis.
2. With EF. Gunnii Hook. f.
“ Tt differs from EZ. Gunnii in the marked curvature of the leaves and their thinner venules, reduced
inflorescence, constant obliteration of pedicels, somewhat angular calyx-tube, longer pointed lid, larger
fruits less downward attenuated and rather long-valved, also in the foliage of the young seedlings.”
(Original description.)
E. Gunnii and E. Bacuerleni axe sharply separated from each other by the broad
juvenile leaves of the former; the mature foliage is also shorter and the venation different.
Compare Plate 108 of Part XXVI.
3. With EF. goniocalyx F.v.M.
“This species in many respects approaches FZ. goniocalyx, but the leaves are of a darker green, have
the venules more immersed, and are more pellucidly dotted; the peduncles are shorter and bear a lesser
number of flowers.” (Original description.)
Compare Plate 81, where it will be seen that the buds and fruits of H. goniocalyx
are sufficiently different. As a very general rule the juvenile foliage of the two species
does not present a close resemblance, but, exceptionally, the juvenile foliage (compare
fig. 1 of Plate 81) of H. goniocalyx may resemble that of #. Baeuerleni, but, even then,
the leaves of HZ. goniocalyx are more cordate, and the young stems more quadrangular.
Mueller, however, at the time he described Z. goniocalyx considered it to include
his EZ. ele@ophora (compare Plate 82), but the juvenile leaves of H. Baeuerleni and
E. eleophora are sharply different and so indeed are the buds, though in the case of some
of the larger fruits of H. elwophora there is some resemblance, although one or more
angles is prominent as a rule in the fruits of Z. eleophora. LE. goniocalyzis a large tree.
4. With F. leucoxylon F.v.M.
“The lid is much pointed, almost like that of Z. leucorylon.” (Original description.)
I do not think a general comparison is intended. The juvenile leaves of the
two species are very. different.
5. With E. resinifera Sm.
“The fruit is larger and nearly as broad as long with elongated and thus much emerging valves,
hence more like that of HE. resinifera, and the leaves of young seedlings are from roundish-oval to elliptic
and soon scattered.”’ (Original description.)
E. resinifera is a red-wooded, fibrous-barked species; the two species have no
close affinity.
186
DESCRIPTION.
CL. E. scoparia Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxix, 777 (1904).
A SLENDER tree of 30 or 40 feet, with narrow pendulous shiny foliage, and an entirely smooth white bark.
Juyenile leaves lanceolate, symmetrical, tapering to a very short petiole and to a fine-pointed
apex. Equally green on both sides. Strictly opposite; penniveined, the lateral veins very fine and
anastomosing, the principal lateral veins making an angle of about forty-five degrees to the midrib.
Entirely glabrous, and the twigs reddish and terete.
The opposite-leaved character is retained for a considerable period, the leaves becoming thicker,
narrower and longer. I have leaves, still in the opposite stage, 3 inches long and + inch wide. In this
stage the foliage resembles that of 2. amygdalina (particularly the type Tasmanian form) or of £. linearis
a good deal. It is seen to have a translucent margin and to be full of oil-dots, emitting a peppermint odour
when crushed in the warm hand.
Mature leaves up to 6 inches long and } inch broad, tapering very gradually into a fine apex.
At the base it tapers less gradually into a petiole of perhaps 1 inch. Texture thickish, the midrib alone
conspicuous.
Buds nearly ovoid when ripe, with a hemispherical or slightly pointed operculum. Calyx
tapering into a short pedicel which may be absent. Peduncle may be } inch. Usually three to seven in
a head.
Flowers opening in longitudinal parallel cells.
Fruits smooth, usually barely 3%; inch in diameter, subcylindrical, rim rather prominent, domed,
the valves (indifferently three or four) moderately well exserted.
Bark very smooth and white.
Timber pale-coloured, fissile, probably of no special merit. (Op. cit.)
RANGE.
On the tops of the highest hills (circa 4,000 feet), in fissures of granite rocks
around Wallangarra, occurring on both sides of the New South Wales—Queensland border
(J. L. Boorman).
The type thus comes from northern New England. The name “ Wallangarra
White Gum” has been suggested for it.
©. Stuart collected it on New England, probably near Timbarra, where a good
deal of his New South Wales collecting was done.
|
d
187
AE PINETIES:
1. With £. viminalis Labill.
From £. viminalis it is separated by its uniformly multiflowered character, the
absence of ribbons on the bark, the narrower juvenile foliage, the, as a rule, narrower
mature foliage, the smaller fruits with valves less exsert.
It is the specimen “New England, C. Stuart,’ so named by Bentham in
B.Fl. iii, 240. Stuart’s specimen was numbered 123, with the note “ Bark very
smooth and white.”
It is not a denizen of swampy localities, as is 2. viminalis. At the same time, it
appears to me to be closest to that species.
2. With E. rubida Deane and Maiden.
There is more than a general resemblance between L. scoparia and some northern
multiflowered forms of H. rubida, but they are sharply separated by the broad juvenile
leaves of the latter species.
3. With FE. Smithii R. T. Baker.
There is some general resemblance in herbarium specimens between L. scoparia
and £. Smithii R. T. Baker, from which it appears to be sharply separated by the
markedly smooth bark of the new species. The bark of HZ. Smithii is almost an Ironbark,
The timber also of ZH. Smitha appears to be darker. The anthers are very different,
those of H. Smithii beg 2lmost renantherous.
4, With FE. Seeana Maiden.
In its narrow pendulous juvenile leaves and smooth bark it reminds one of
E. Seeana Maiden, The two species differ, however, in almost every other respect.
188
DESCRIPTION.
CLI. &. Benthami Maiden and Cambage.
Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xlviii, 418 (1914).
ArBor magna erecta, “White” vel “Flooded Gum ”’ vocata, cortice basi plusve minusve secendente 3-4
ft. diametro, 60-100 ft. alta, ligno pallido et non duro, foliis juvenibus tenuissimis glaucis infra palli-
dioribus lanceolatis ad ovato-lanceolatis cordatis, foliis maturis sub-glaucis lanceolatis, alabastris ad 7 in
umbella leniter urceolata, operculo acuminato, pedicellibus brevibus, umbella in pedunculo gracile circiter
+5 cm. longo, fructibus immaturis urceolatiusculis ad fere hemispheri¢is, margine distincto, fructibus
maturis fere hemisphericis circiter -5 cm. diametro, valvarum apicibus leniter exsertis.
A large conspicuous White or Flooded Gum, rather erect in habit, with more or less rough-flaky bark
at the butt; such bark may be almost wholly absent, or sometimes extending to the first fork. The rough
bark rather hard, but rarely almost fibrous, and terminating in short ribbons. Commonly 3 to 4 feet but
sometimes 6 feet in diameter, and 60 to 100 feet high. Timber pale pink when fresh, and of medium hardness
and fissility.
Juvenile leaves very thin, very glaucous when young, but drying nearly glabrous, paler on the
underside, showing a profusion of oil-dots and distinct veins. Lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, and
cordate, amplexicaul, bluntly pointed or acute, up to 10 cm. long, by 4 cm. in greatest width.
Mature leaves slightly glaucous, lanceolate, petiolate, somewhat faleate. Midrib prominent
(sometimes pinkish), the lateral veins, which are irregularly pinnate, prominent, the intramarginal vein
distinctly removed from the edge. Common dimensions are 14 cm. long, 1-5-2 cm. broad, with a
petiole of 2 cm.
Buds usually glaucous, up to seven in the head, slightly urceolate, operculum pointed, about half
the length of the calyx-tube, which gently tapers into a short pedicel, the umbel being supported by a
slender peduncle of about -5 cm.
Expanded flowers not seen. (The anthers depicted at 6f, Plate 120, were removed from nearly
plump buds.)
Fruits.—In the half-grown state glaucous, somewhat urceolate to nearly hemispherical, and with
a well-defined raised rim. When ripe, nearly hemispherical, about -5 cm. in diameter, slightly domed;
tips of the valves slightly exsert.
RANGE.
So far as we know at present, it is confined to New South Wales, and to the
alluvial banks of the,Nepean River and its tributaries.
Type from the banks of the Nepean River near Cobbity, New South Wales
(Camden district). J. H. Maiden and R. H. Cambage, June, 1913.
It is the “‘ Flooded Gum of Camden,” No. 108 of the New South Wales timbers
contributed by Sir William Macarthur to the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and No. 28 of
those of the London Exhibition of 1862.
189
Under 108, Sir William Macarthur notes in the Catalogue, “ Flooded Gum of
Camden, diameter 36-48 inches, 80-120 feet high. A fine-looking tree, with elegant
pendant foliage; the timber not valued, being weak and perishable in comparison with
many other of the common hardwoods.”
Under No. 28 it is described by the same writer as “A fine looking but com-
paratively worthless sort; the timber weak and not durable.” The diameter is given
as the same, but the height is reduced to from 80-100 feet high.
It will be observed that under 108 the tree is described as of “ elegant pendant
foliage.” Speaking generally, this is not a good description, although we have seen an
odd tree to which it would apply. In the great majority of cases the trees and foliage
are rather erect in habit.
In the “ Flora Australiensis”’ (11, 240) the specimen just mentioned (bearing the
No. 108) is placed under Z. viminalis and the record has always been accepted, e.g.,
Woolls’ “ Plants indigenous in the neighbourhood of Sydney ” (1st and 2nd editions).
The Nepean River trees are quite close to Camden Park and it would be impossible
for Sir William Macarthur not to be familiar with them, and no other local tree could
be mistaken for them. We are of opinion that H. viminalis Labill. should be removed
from the flora of the County of Cumberland.
* * *. * *
In the Kew Herbarium is a specimen labelled “No. 16, Southern district New
South Wales, Macarthur and others. “Flooded Gum.’ From the London Exhibition
of 1862,” which appears to be referable to E. Bentham.
No. 16 in the official catalogue has the entry “Collected by Edward Hill, Esq.,
aboriginal name at Brisbane Water “‘ Thurambai,’ vernacular name ‘ Flooded Gum,’ a
famous timber for ship-building and for house carpentry.” This description can only
apply to EZ. saligna Sm., but the herbarium specimens are not of that species. It is
proper to refer to a numbered specimen in the principal herbarium of the world, but
one cannot explain the label. To begin with, Brisbane Water is in the north, and not
in the southern districts. The specimen may have been received as “ Flooded Gum,”
and the description of a second Flooded Gum (saligna) other than Benthami, tacked on
to it. The specimen was not exhibited in the previous or Paris Exhibition.
The following specimens are either referable to the present species or are closely
related thereto :—
(1) Seven miles east of Walcha, J. H. Maiden, November, 1897.
A tree with box-scaly or rough apple-like (Angophora intermedia) bark, rough,
except the ultimate branchlets; suckers ovate-lanceolate, not glaucous, except the
very young tips of the branchlets of the suckers.
(2) Guy Fawkes, Armidale district, J. L. Boorman, December, 1909.
A tall tree with a fibrous bark, and claret coloured tips to branches. Reputed
ocally to be a useful timber for building and fencing purposes.
190
AFFINITIES.
1. With E£. viminalis Labill.
The new species has by most observers been confused with E. viminalis, and
being a White Gum with rough bark at butt, and growing on river flats and banks of
rivers explain why this view has been so prevalent. But it is more erect in habit,
E. viminalis having more pendulous branches and more distinctly mbbony bark.
The new species has broader juvenile leaves, the foliage is sub-glaucous, the
flowers are smaller and never in threes, the fruits are of a different shape, with the
valves never as exsert as those of HL. viminalis.
2. With E. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden.
E. Benthami is a tall, rather erect tree with a somewhat thin canopy;
E. Macarthuri is 2 smaller tree with a rather umbrageous head. The bark of
BE. Macarthuri is rough, somewhat box-like, but very woolly, that of H. Benthami
being smooth in the upper portion (a White Gum) and flaky at the base. Sometimes
it 1s wholly smooth.
The juvenile foliage and buds are sub-glaucous in H. Benthami; the buds of
BE. Macarthuri are often shining and slightly smaller than those of #. Bentham.
The trees referred to as BH. Macarthuri at Werriberri Creek in Proc. Linn. Soe.
N.S.W. xxxvi, 553 (1911), are H. Benthami. Werriberri Creek is the locality better
known as The Oaks, near Camden.
191
DESCRIPTION.
CLI. FE. propinqua Deane and Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xx, 541 (1895), with Plate xlii.
A Larer, straight growing, cylindrical-stemmed tree, found up to 4 or 5 feet in diameter, and 120 feet and
more in height.
Bark.—It has a grey dusty-looking slightly raspy appearance as regards its bark. Next to the
Blue or Flooded Gum it is one of the straightest stemmed trees in the forest. The bark darkens, peels off
An large longitudinal irregular patches, leaving a smooth white surface, which in course of time darkens,
peels oil, and the process is indefinitely repeated. The bark closely resembles, and is perhaps not to be
distinguished from, that of £. punctata.
Timber.—Dark coloured, and so closely resembling Red Ironbark (Z. siderophloia) that care is
required to distinguish the two timbers. Inclined to have rings or “‘ scabs ” of kino, which diminishes the
demand for it for sawn stuit. Very durable in or out of the ground, but its tensile strength inferior to that
of the Ironbark already referred to.
Seedling leayes.—More broadly lanceolate, and with the marginal vein more distant from the
edge, than in the case of the mature leaves. At first opposite.
Mature leayes.—Narrow lanceolate and very uniform. Average length 4-5 inches, breadth 3? inch.
Veins not prominent, lateral veins nearly parallel; marginal vein on or very close to the edge of the leaf
asa very general rule. Hdge usually slightly recurved.
Peduneles flattened.
Calyx-tube hemispherical, and longer than the operculum. Sometimes with the angles of the
flattened pedicel decurrent.
Flowers ina marked manner pedicellate ; usually in tens, but the umbels containing as few as
five flowers.
Opereulum hemispherical in general outline, but with a low pointed apex.
Stamens inflexed before expansion, the anthers opening by parallel slits, and all fertile.
Fruit very uniform in size, about 24 lines broad by 14 lines deep. Usually 4-celled. Occasionally
3-celled; 5-celled not seen at present. The rim usually shows two sharp edges, with the intervening space
concave, The valves are well exserted.
RANGE.
This species is confined to eastern New South Wales and Queensland, usually
at no great elevation above the sea. In the former State it is not known further south
than the Hawkesbury River. It occurs in both States not far from the coast, in New
South Wales ascending the slopes of the escarpment of the tableland. In Queensland
its range has been less carefully worked out; we do not know hew far it extends along
the North Coast Railway.
192
It is frequently found on poor sandy or sandstone country, but sometimes on
better soil. Its relations to soils and soil-moisture have only been imperfectly worked
out.
New SoutH WALES.
Wyong District (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.); Yarramalong (W. A. W. de
Beuzeville); Sandgate, Newcastle (A. Murphy); Sandgate to Waratah (R. H.
Cambage, No. 730); Paterson River (J. L. Boorman); Dungog-Stroud Road (A.
Rudder); “ Red Gum,” Dungog (W. F. Blakely); Taree (E. H. F. Swain); Port
Macquarie (F. R. Brown); Beechwood, Rolland’s Plains, Hastings River (J. L. Boor-
man); Bellinger River (F. R. Mecham); Woolgoolga (E. H. F. Swain); Woodburn,
Richmond River (W. Baeuerlen); Murwillumbah, Tweed River (E. H. F. Swain);
Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range, New South Wales—Queensland border (W. Dunn).
QUEENSLAND.
Northern slopes of the Macpherson Range (R. N. Jolly); Beenleigh (Dr. J.
Shirley); Brisbane (J. L. Boorman); One Tree Hill, Brisbane (R. H. Cambage);
Pioneer River, Moreton Bay District (Dr. Griffiths); Blackdown Tableland, also
Goomboorian Range, near Gympie (R. N. Jolly); “Grey gum” from both flats and
ridges, Landsborough, North Coast Railway (P. MacMahon).
APE UN TEES:
1. With E. punctata DC.
The timber and bark of the two species resemble each other a good deal; they
may be, for all practical purposes, identical. | They also agree in the flattened peduncles
and the stamens (points of resemblance, however, not peculiar to these two species).
They differ in the size of the flower-buds and fruits, which in #. propinqua are
quite small; £. propinqua has narrow lanceloate leaves, and also has more parallel
and less prominent lateral veins than #. punctata. The calyx-tube and also the
operculum of 2. propinqua are more distinctly hemispherical and its flowers more
pedicellate.
The fruit of &. punctata, though variable in size, is always larger and more
cylindrical than that of L. propinqua.
2. With £. saligna Sm.
Mueller, in his later years, used to consider the species subsequently described
as EL. propinqua as a form of B. saligna, and a number of botanists, including myself,
followed him in this respect, for a time.
198
E. saligna is a Blue Gum and a very straight tree, a lover of the shelter and
moisture of gullies, good soil and general good conditions are necessary for its proper
development. Its trunk is usually quite smooth, with the exception of a little rough
bark at the butt.
E. propingua is more spreading, has the bark in patches and timber of a
darker red.
As compared with E. saligna the leaves are usually smaller and the venation
finer and more parallel, the operculum is less drawn out to a beak, the calyx and
operculum being far more globular and also smaller; the operculum is also more dome-
shaped.
The fruits of #. saligna (compare Plates 99 and 100) are larger, those of EZ. saligna
are more sessile and cylindroid; those of H. propmqua are more hemispherical, and
have a well-defined rim.
3. With E£. viminalis Labill.
This species, being well diffused and somewhat variable, has been used as a sort
of residuary legatee both by Bentham and Mueller, for a number of forms puzzling at
the time. #. propinqua was by both of them referred to H. viminalis (as well as to
E. saligna).
E. vminalis is a white or ribbony gum, with white or pale-coloured inferior
timber. It grows in moist places. HE. propinqua is a grey gum, with deep red durable
timber. It grows in dry situations.
The juvenile foliage of H. wiminalis is usually much in evidence, that of EZ.
propinqua is much less seen, and usually shorter and broader. Both in the juvenile
and mature stages the foliage of EH. propinqua has the venation finer and more parallel
than in E. viminalis; the intramarginal vein is also closer to the edge in 2. propinqua.
With important exceptions, the flowers of H. viminalis are usually in threes;
it would appear that those of EL. propinqua are never in threes.
The fruit of H. propinqua is smaller, more hemispherical, less domed, and with
the valves usually much less exserted than in EZ. viminalis.
194
DESCRIPTION,
CLIT, E. punetata DC.
In Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Reqni Vegetabilis (DC. Prod.), ii, 217, 1828.
OpERCULO conico cupulae longitudine, pendunculis axillaribus subterminalibus petiolo brevioribus
pedicellisque ancipitibus, foliis oblongis basi attenuatis apice acuminatis subtus punctatis et nervo margini
parallelo cinctis.
In Nova-Hollanda, Sieb. plant exs. nov.-holl. n. 623. Folia distinctits marginata quam prioris.
Operculum nullo modo constrictum. Umbellae 4-8 florae. Puncta paginae infer. folii minima nigricantia.
Folia 3 poll. longa 7-8 lin. lata, petiolo 7-8 lin. longo. (v.s.) (DC. Prod. iii, 217).
Ii is figured by the same author at Plate 4 of “ Mémoire sur la Famille des
Myrtacées” (Tome ix, Mém. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. de Genéve, 1842). The figure is not
a very good one, being of a twig in bud.
De Candolle’s description is translated by Don in the followmg words :—
Lid of calyx conical, longer than the cupula; peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, shorter
than the petioles, and are, as well as the pedicels, two-edged: leaves oblong, attenuated at the base
acuminated at the apex, dotted beneath, and girded by a nerve, which is parallel to the margin.
Operculum not constricted in any way. Umbels 4-8 flowered. Dots on the under surface of the
leaves blackish. Leaves 3 inches long and 7-8 lines abroad. (General History of the Dichlamydeous
Plants (Don) u, 818.)
These blackish dots are almost invariably present, but often the aid of a lens
is required to see them properly.
They are. however, not characteristic of HZ. punctata, being often present in
E. resinifera, and perhaps another indication of the closeness of the affinity between
these two species.
It was not described by Bentham as a separate species. He looked upon it as
a variety (brachycorys) of LB. tereticornis.
It was described and figured by Mueller in the following words :—
Branchlets.—Robust and very angular.
Leayes.—Scattered, elongate or sickle-shaped lanceolar, of thin consistence, beneath slightly
paler and there not shining: the lateral veins numerous, very subtle, and much spreading, the circum-
ferential vein close to the edge: oil-dots numerous, imperfectly transparent; umbels axillary and
solitary, or, at the summit of the branchlets paniculated : their stalks broad and strongly compressed,
bearing generally from three to ten flowers.
Calyx-tube.—Almost semiovate or nearly hemispherical, merging gradually into an angular,
rather thick, stalklet, of about the same or greater or lesser length.
Operculum.—Semiovate conical, as long as the tube or somewhat longer.
Stamens.—aAll fertile, inflexed before expansion: anthers almost oblong, but upwards broader,
opening with longitudinal parallel slits.
Stigma.—Not or hardly broader than the style.
Fruit.—Nearly semiovate, three or oftener four, rarely five-celled, not large nor angular, rim
finally rather broadish, flat, or convex, valves short, deltoid, at last exserted or convergent from the rim.
(Mueller, in ‘‘ Eucalyptographia.’’)
195
It is a tree of large size, although not of the largest. Its height may be given as,
say, 60 to 80 feet, with a diameter of 2 or 3 feet.
The term Grey Gum is applied to 2. punctata because of the dull grey appearance
of the bark. The bark has a roughish or raspy appearance, in contradistinction to a
smooth and even shiny one, possessed by so many of our gums. It has smooth, white
patches in places, caused by the outer layer of bark falling off. These white patches
in their turn become grey, and the process of exfoliation of the bark is repeated
until probably the whole of the bark on the trunk is shed et one time or another.
Although rather difficult to properly describe, the bark of the Grey Gum is so
characteristic that, when once pointed out it could not be confused with the bark of
any other hardwood tree.
It is called “ Black Box ” at Capertee, owing to the darkness of the bark. The
smooth bark is sometimes of a yellow ochre or pale brown colour, hence it might then be
appropriately called “ Brown-barked Gum.”
The names “ Leather Jacket ” and “ Hickory,” which originated from the Rev.
Dr. Woolls (referring to Manly specimens) are mentioned by Bentham (B.Fl. ii, 245)
under Z. resinifera, since he confused E. punctata with EL. resinifera.
Mueller (“‘ Eucalyptographia ”) emphasises the names “ Leather Jacket’ and
“Hickory,” and gives one the impression that they are widely used. I have travelled
extensively in #. punctata country, and never heard the names applied to it in my life—
always Grey Gum. Dr. Woolls alone has published the names, and he probably got them
from one local resident who very likely gave the names offhand.
George Caley, the botanical collector for Siz Joseph Banks, stated (9th February,
1807) that ‘“ Mandowe,” or “ Mundowey,” was the name given by the blacks of the
Sydney district. It is interesting to note that, half a century later, Sir William
Macarthur gave the name “ Maandowie,” as the aboriginal name of the Camden blacks
for the local Grey Gum.
Variety.
Variety grandiflora Deane and Maiden (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxvi, 133,
1901).
This is a large-flowered and large-fruited form. Leaves punctate. Buds all
ovoid. Double operculum. Rim at junction of calyx and operculum very sharp.
The calyx-tube usually angled. Fruits, 7 to 8 lmes in diameter. Valves usually not
much exserted.
The type comes from near Dungog, on a hill 7 miles on the Booral Road,
Bark and timber not to be distinguished from that of normal punctata, There is no
line of demarcation between the normal and grandiflora forms, the transition being
gradual.
C
196
Comparing this with the normal or small-fruited form, Mr. Augustus Rudder,
a forester of considerable experience, writes in the Agricultural Gazette :—
This is one of two trees with the same vernacular (Grey Gum). In general appearance, to the casual
observer, the trees are much alike, but the leaves of this are rather broader, and its fruits and blossoms
are very much larger than those of the other variety : and the trees generally are not so large, and are more
limited in range of habitat, and, as a rule, do not approach so near to the coast, though I have seen it at
Raymond Terrace: and near the beach at Charlotte Bay, and Wallis Lake, in this district, the two trees
often grow together. I have mostly observed it on the lower ranges in the counties of Gloucester and
Durham. The timber is red in colour, is hard and very lasting, and is well suited in the round for heavy
timbers in bridges and culverts.
Messrs. Baker and Smith (Research on the Eucalypts, p. 128) have evidently
overlooked var. grandiflora and have renamed it var. major, stating :—
This is a variety with larger fruits and flowers, and, as far as known, occurs only at Booral, New
South Wales (A. Rudder).
The same gentlemen (op. cit., p. 127) describe a var. didyma :—
This variety is distinguished from the type by its having two opercula to each bud, and by the
difference in its oil. The outer operculum is thin, and is shed very early in the budding stage, so that it
is scarcely ever to be found in herbarium material. The fruits always have a broad groove below the rim,
and the leaves are also larger and thicker than those of the type, while the wood is also more open in the
grain and less interlocked. Otherwise, morphologically, there is little to distinguish it from the type.
A variety cannot be established on such slender morphological grounds. Many
species of Eucalyptus have two opercula to each flower-bud. In some it is more obvious
than in others, the rim between calyx-tube and operculum, showing the narrower diameter
of the latter, being quite obvious in some species, and giving rise to what, a number of
years ago, I described as the “ egg-in-egg-cup ” appearance. This diminished diameter
of the operculum, particularly in the young or half-grown state, is an indication of
where the outer operculum was, which, when thrown off, gives the operculum the
diminished diameter. In most (perhaps all) species the diameter of the operculum
continues to increase after the falling of the outer operculum, and, when the inner
operculum is ready to be thrown off the operculum is of the same diameter as the calyx
tube.
SYNONYMS.
1. E. tereticornis Sm., var. brachycorys Benth.
2. EF. Stuartiana ¥F.v.M., var. longifolia Benth.
1. E. tereticornis Sm., var. brachycorys Benth., in B.FI. iii, 242.
Operculum more obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long. With the other specimens from Brisbane, Macleay,
and Hastings Rivers, from Parramatta and the Blue Mountains. 2. punctata DC. founded on Sieber’s
specimens No. 623, which I have not seen, appears from his diagnosis and from the figure Mem. Myrt. :
t. 4, to be the same variety with a short operculum, also described in a state of young bud.
When Z£. tereticornis Sm. is reached it will be observed that the species is very
variable in length of the operculum, but 1. punctata DC. is quite distinct.
197
2. EF. Stuartiana ¥.v.M. var. longifolia Benth., in B.FI. i, 244.
“Yellow or Grey Gum and Bastard Box.” Woolls in Herb. F.v.M. (Twofold
Bay).
“ Turpentine Gum ” or “‘ Hiccory ” Oldfield, F.v.M.
In foliage and inflorescence this resembles in some measure EL. virgata, but the
buds, anthers, and fruit are quite different. In “ Eucalyptographia” this is given
as a synonym of H. punctata DC.
It is, in my opinion, referable to HZ. ovata Labill. 1 have explained the matter
at p. 138 of Part X XVII of the present work.
RANGE.
It is confined to eastern New South Wales and Queensland. It is found in the
coast districts and main dividing range and spurs. The thirty-fifth parallel of South
Latitude is the most southerly range as far as we know at present. Northerly, it has
not been recorded much north of the Brisbane. In the west it occurs near the Jenolan
Caves and in the Mudgee district. It is usually a denizen of sandy or-sterile sandstone
country. It has rarely been found at an elevation much exceeding 2,000 feet.
New South WAtzgzs.
South.—Barber’s Creek and Wingello (J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Berrima
(J.H.M. and J. L. Boorman); Hill Top (J.H.M.); West Cambewarra (J. V. de Coque) ;
East Bank of Woronora River, near Como, with operculum very pointed (J. H.
Camfield).
Sydney District.—Garden Palace Grounds and Government House Grounds
(J. H. Camfield); Belmore (W. Forsyth); Canterbury (W. Holloway); Concord (J. L.
Boorman, J.H.M.); Hornsby (J. Staer); 17-18 mile post, Galston-road, Hornsby
(W. F. Blakely); Kuring-gai Chase, at edge of salt water, near house-boat (W. F.
Blakely); Mosman to Manly (Rev. J. W. Dwyer, Nos. 373 and 456); “ Hickory and
Leather Jacket’? from the Manly swamps (W. Woolls); Spit-road, Manly, fruits
somewhat large (J. L. Boorman).
The following were collected in the Parramatta district by Sir Joseph Banks’
Collector :— eae
1. “ ‘Mundowey,’ February, 1805, picked up on the North Rocks” (G. Caley).
2. “ Mundowey, operculum awl-shaped, 11th February, 1807” (G. Caley).
3. “Adjoining Salter’s Farm, 9th February, 1807” (G. Caley).
[One of the specimens was labelled 2. botryoides, var. conica.
I have referred to this at p. 51, Part XXIII of the present work, and attributed
the form to E. saligna Sm.
The present specimen is EZ. punctata DC., as stated.]
198
West.—Parramaita (H. Deane), very poinied operculum; Richmond (W. F.
Butrows);. Springwood (J. H. Camfield); with pointed opercula, _Lowther-road,
Kanimbla Valley, near Mount Victoria (J.H.M.); Jenolan Caves (W. F. Blakely);
Capertee (J. L. Boorman); “Slaty Gum,” Capertee (J. Sim, Jr.); Spotted or
“Slaty Gum,” Lue (J. L. Boorman); Rylstone (R. T. Baker); Mudgee district
(M. J. Wilson).
North.—Peat’s Ferry, Hawkesbury River (J.H.M.); Gosford (A. Murphy);
Wallsend (W. W. Forsyth); Stewart’s Brook, Upper Hunter (L. A. Macqueen).
Fruits rather domed. Main southern spur of Woollooma Mountam within
boundaries of F.R. 17,534, Parish of Chalmers, County Durham (H. L. White); Owen’s
Gap, near Scone. Seems confined to the sandstone and is not on the basalt (R. H.
Cambage, No. (1,687).
Lismore, Richmond River (W. Baeuerlen). Type of var. didyma (Baker and
Smith).
Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (W. Dunn and J. L. Boorman).
QUEENSLAND.
South Killarney, Macpherson Range (E. S. Taylor).
Near Brisbane (F. M. Bailey); fruits rather small. Blackbutt Range (R. N.
Jolly). I would like better specimens; the present ones are very imperfect.
Variety grandiflora.
Spit Road, Manly, Port Jackson (J. L. Boorman), amongst trees bearing fruits
of the normal size; Dungog Road coming from Booral, on a hill (A. Rudder); 7 miles
from Dungog (A. Rudder); Gloueester (A. Rudder).
AFFINITIES.
1. With LE. resinifera Sm.
SAbidifters: sue op cimults extensively smooth, not fibrous bark, less deep-coloured wood, rather
thinner leaves, more visible oil-dots, partially paniculated flowers, shorter and less attenuated lid, more
depressed fruit-rim, and shorter and less pointed valves.”’ (“ Eucalyptographia ’’ under 2. punctata.)
In the bush the two species could not be confused for a moment. FE. punctata
is a Grey Gum, while LZ. resinifera is almost a Stringybark. ZL. resinifera has also a
heavier canopy of coarser foliage. The juvenile foliage of E. punctata is, however,
broader. The operculum of 2. resinifera is almost invariably longer. The fruit of
FL. punctata is usually cylindroid: it is only rarely that the fruits of the two species
should be confused
199
Fruiting specimens of 2. punctata var. grandiflora (e.g., fig. 1, Plate 123) and of
E. resinifera, transit forms to JL. pellita F.v.M. (e.g., fig. 3c, Plate 126) resemble each
other a good deal. The rim of the latter is vertically banded, that of the former being
more horizontally so, while the buds of the large-fruited form of 2. resinifera have the
operculum greater in diameter than that of the calyx-tube.
2. With E. tereticornis Sm.
The fact that the illustrious Bentham looked upon 2. punctata as a form of
E. tereticornis is prima facie evidence that there is some similarity between them.
I will deal with the relations between the species when Z£. tereticornis is reached.
8. With E. Stuartiana F.v.M.
“From £. Stuartiana it is widely distant already in its leaves not of equal colour on both sides with
a diiferent venation, besides in its thick and angular branchlets, paniculated upper umbels, broad umbel-
stalks, usually longer stalklets, longer lids and also the nature of the bark.’ (‘ Eucalyptographia ”’ under
E. punctata.)
E. Stuartiana is 2 “ Box” barked species, the bark often resembling the back
of a shorn sheep. It is a scrambling tree; E. punctata is more erect; EH. Stuartiana is
a pale coloured, worthless timber; that of E. punctata is deep red, strong and very
durable. Their juvenile foliage also sharply separates them.
4, With E. siderophloia Benth., and E. crebra F.v.M.
These are two Red Ivonbarks, and it is proper to remind my readers that the
timbers are often confused with that of EB. punctata. Indeed it is so much like Ironbark
that it is difficult to discriminate between the timkers. _ That will be the best guide to
its appearance. An expert would usually detect the substitution for Ironbark (if he~
suspected any substitution) by noting that a chip of Grey Gum is more brittle than
that of Ironbark; it also cuts less horny. Nevertheless, the two timbers are wonder-
fully alike, and for many purposes Grey Gum is an efficient substitute for Ironbark,
for it is remarkably durable. Its inferior strength, as compared with Ironbark,
precludes its use as girders of any length, and when substituted for Ironbark in sleepers
the bolts and spikes work loose in them.
One Ironbark has, of course, a very different appearance to a Grey Gum, and the
botanical affinities are not close.
200
DESCRIPTION.
CLIV. EF. Kirtoniana F.v.M.
In Part I of the “ Eucalyptographia * (1879).
Following is the history of Mueller’s species, beginning with the two published refer-
ences made by him:—
1. “In the Illawarra district occurs a tree which attracted great attention in India, not only because
of its rapid growth, but also as it proved the best species there to cope with the moist tropical heat. This
tree has been cultivated at Lucknow by Dr. Bonavia, who recorded that it attained in the best soil 12 feet
in two years; it was there considered to belong to Z£. resinifera. It differs, however, from that species in
having the leaves of equal colour on both sides with more prominent veins, the intramarginal veins more
distant from the edge; thus in venation, as also in odour of foliage and fruit, the tree in question approaches
E. robusta, but its fruit is certainly similar to that of Z. resinifera, wanting, however, the broadish outer
ring around its orifice characteristic of the typical ZL. resinifera, while the lateral veins of the leaves are
not quite so transversely spreading as in either. If really specifically distinct, the tree might be named
E. Kirtoniana in honour of its discoverer.” (Mueller’s ““ Eucalyptographia,*’ under EZ. resinifera.)
2. “ A quick growing tree, rare in the Illawarra district, which at Lucknow attained a height of 45
feet in ten years, and which as a species or variety I distinguished as 2. Kirtoniana, is in flowers and fruit
nearer to E. resinifera than to EZ. robusta, but has the leaves of almost equal colour on both sides, thus far,
and also in shape, more resembling those of BL. tereticornis, while the bark, unlike that of Z. saligna, is
persistent. The stomates of 2. Kirtoniana vary on the upper side of the leaf between 33,000 and 43,000,
- and on the lower page from 95,000 to 166,000 on a square inch, this great fluctuation being attributable
probably to the age of the tree. It is particularly noticeable on account of its adaptability to a warm wet
clime, and grew under Dr. Bonavia’s care better than any other species in Oude; the technic value of its
timber remained unascertained.” (Op. cit. under ZL. robusta.)
The first reference is in Part I of the “ Eucalyptographia ” (1879). Indeed,
under E. hemastoma in the same work, Mueller definitely gives the date 1879 for
E. Kirtoniana. The second reference is in Part VII. Later on (in some editions of
his “ Select extra-tropical plants’) Mueller obviously looked upon it as a form of
EB. resinifera.
The description is unsatisfactory as measured by modern standards, but it is
backed by herbarium specimens, and so, whatever the opinions of botanists as to its
relationships may be, we know precisely the plant to which Mueller referred.
The specimens seen by me are labelled as follows :—
1. “ EB. punctata, DC. (2. Kirtoniana F.v.M.). Kirton, Illawarra.” A piece from
the Melbourne Herbarium, received from the late Mr. J. G. Luehmann.
2. “ B. punctata (2. Kirtoniana, ¥.v.M.). Lucknow, India. (Cult.)”
3. “Lucknow. Comm. Dr. Brandis, July 1877.”
201
Nos. 2 and 8 are identical. No. 2 was presented to the Sydney Herbarium by
Mr. Luehmann, and No. 3, which bears the original label “ 2. resinifera,” bears also the
label in pencil “ #. Kirtoniana, Mill, cf. B. rudis.” No. 3 was presented by Kew to
the Sydney Herbarium in April, 1901.
Owing to Mueller’s recommendation of it as a species especially adapted for
tropical cultivation, it has been extensively cultivated, particularly in Northern India,
and to a less extent in North Africa.
The name of #. Kirtonana ¥.v.M. must stand unless it be synonymous with
a name which has priority. We cannot say we do not clearly know what
E. Kirtoniana ¥.v.M. is, and therefore we cannot suppress it on that ground. (Maiden
in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. xviii, 426 [1914]).
Mr. R. T. Baker redescribed this tree under the name of HF. patentinervis in
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xxiv, 602 (1899), in the following words :—
“A medium-sized tree as far as seen, with a stringy bark similar to that of H. resinifera Sm. Ultimate
branchlets angular.
Young leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, lanceolate, thin, almost membranous, petiole slender, from
1 to 2 inches long, venation prominent, intramarginal vein removed from the edge. Mature leaves lanceolate-
faleate, coriaceous, acuminate, almost a foot long in some cases, not shining, colour uniform on both sides,
petiole rather slender, channelled above, venation very distinct in the coast trees, but finer in the inland
ones, lateral veins very prominent and spreading, curved, numerous, the intramarginal vein removed from
the edge. Oil glands very numerous.
Peduncles axillary, about an inch long, flattened, bearing about ten fairly large flowers. Calyx
occasionally angular, 6 lines long. Operculum about as long as the calyx, conical, sometimes concave
below the summit. Stamens long, inflexed in the bud, all fertile. Anthers parallel. Ovary dome-topped.
Fruits large, hemispherical to pyriform, on a pedicel of about 4 lines, 5 lines in diameter, rim quite
1 line broad; valves prominently exserted, acute, nearly 3 lines long.
SYNONYMS.
1. E. patentinervis R. T. Baker.
2. E. resinifera Sm., variety Kirtoniana Deane and Maiden.
“Buds all with a long beak and gradually tapering. Fruits about 5 lines
diameter. Valves usually very exserted. Tendency to conical shape (when dry), but
also subcylindrical. Tendency to twinning in the fruits. Rather narrow rim.”
202
RANGE.
It is a native of eastern New South Wales and Queensland; found in barren
coastal sandy localities usually at no great distance from the sea. It may ascend low
coastal ridges. It is recorded from the Illawarra on the south (the precise locality is
unknown), while its most northerly recorded locality is that of Fraser Island,
Queensland (near Maryborough).
Following are specific localities :—
New Sovutu WALES.
“ EB. Kirtoniana F.v.M. (2. punctata DC.) Mlawarra, Kirton” (copy of Mueller’s
label). Melbourne-street, off Parramatta-road, Five Dock, Port Jackson. A fine
tree with furrowed, fibrous bark, and fruits 3 inch broad x 2 inch long, subcylindrical.
Valves not exserted, but nearly flush with top of capsule. The Rey. Dr. Woolls, who
pointed this tree out to me in 1890, considered it to be a form of Z. resinifera, but I
was inclined to look upon it as a hybrid, £. resinifera x robusta.
Penang Mountain, Gosford (A. Murphy). A gum rough to the limbs, scaly,
not perfectly clean limbs. Green Point, near Gosford (A. Murphy).
“ Bastard Blue Gum,” grows amongst 2. robusta. Scarce. East Gosford, in
swampy land (A. Murphy).
Cooranbong (J. Martin).
“ Bastard Mahogany,’ Bungwall (A. Rudder).
“A tall bending tree about 100 feet high, and 7 feet in girth, resembling a fine-
barked Bloodwood or a Grey Box. On low swampy ground with Tea-tree, Swamp
Mahogany, &c.”; near Woolgoolga (EK. H. F. Swain); Brunswick River (J.H.M. and
J. L. Boorman),
‘Ballina, on poor sandy soil associated with Z. tereticornis Sm. and £. corymbosaSm. Grows to a fairly
large size, but always crooked, with a stem-diameter from 2 to 3 feet, but soon branching, the limbs long
and stout, gnarled and crooked; clear trunk about 10 feet in height.” (W. Baeuerlen, quoted by R. T.
Baker.) Type of 2. patentinervis.
“In the field up to about 15 inches diameter it somewhat resembles Bloodwood (2. corymbosa),
especially in the bark, and has been cut for posts by men as Bloodwood. A closer observer, however,
will at once notice the difference in the leaf, which, together with the blossom, closely resembles
E. tereticornis. The tree is not frequent here and is generally not of a good form or size, but luck in location
is probably the reason of its bad form, for I have met with one lot of young trees tall and straight which
are growing under conditions more like what we would give them did we plant this species. For above
reasons it has not been sawn as faras I know, and as regards its durability I could not speak with
authority. (W. R. Petrie, District Forester, Fraser Island, vid Maryborough, Queensland.)
208
oe ENS Ss
1. With £. resinifera Sm.
“The leaves of H. resinifera have ‘numerous fine, close parallel and almost transverse veins,
sometimes scarcely scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal one close to the edge.’ This species has more
the venation of Z. tereticornis Sm. The transverse veins are oblique and prominent, and the intra-
marginal one removed from the edge, particularly so in the young leaves. The venation therefore shows
no connection with ZL. resinifera Sm.
The only connection apparently with 2. resinifera is in the bark. The timber does
not appear to have the reputation for quality similar to that of 2. resinifera.” (R. T. Baker.)
See my remarks which follows under FZ. robusta Sm.
2. With E. robusta Sm.
It seems to me that the position of EH. Kirtoniana is between FL. robusta Sm.
and LH. resinifera Sm. Indeed I have suggested* that BE. Kirtoniana may be a hybrid
between FZ. robusta and HL. resinifera.
Commenting on this, Mr. W. R. Petrie, of Fraser Island, Queensland, says—
“T am interested in your suggestion that H. Kirtoniana F.v.M. may be a hybrid between BL. robusta
and ZL. resinifera. Here the tree does not resemble H. resinzfera in the field, nor does it affect the same class
of country. No resinifera trees are to be found here within miles of it. I have recently found trees which
have clean “gum ” bark for a considerable distamce on the branches. The bark varies greatly, some being,
as I said before, like Bloodwood (E. corymbosa), some just the same as Z. robusta, and some like the rough
lower portion of Z. tereticornis. I have found none, however, resembling B. resinifera in the bark.
The foliage is, in all cases, in my opinion exceedingly like Z. tereticornis and the buds are also.
In regard to Mr. Petrie’s comment, he points out that the bark of 2. Kirtoniana
varies considerably, and I have not said that it is like #. resinifera, in the sense of closely
resembling it. What I have said or implied, is that it is between EF. robusta and
E. resinifera. The former has a soft flaky-furrowed bark, and the latter has a bark which
often shows characters intermediate between the Stringybarks and the Bloodwoods.
In ascertaiming the affinities of species one must endeavour to assess the
comparative value of all the characters taken as a whole. That is the problem that
lies before me in the second part of this work, as soon as I have dealt with the separate
discrimination of each species.
Passing from consideration of the barks to that of the flowers and fruits, if we
compare Plate 123, Part XXIX (#. Kirtoniana) with Plate 124, Part XXX (E. resinifera),
it will be seen that the buds and fruits resemble each other. The plates of LZ. tereti-
cornis are not yet published, but at this place I may say that the buds and fruits
resemble those of 2. Kirtonzana less closely.
* Proc, Linn, Soc. N.S.W. xxx, 501 (1905).
\)
204
If we turn to Plate 97, Part XXIII (EZ. robusta), the resemblance to EZ. Kirtoniana
is so close that it cannot be ignored by the most casual observer. Compare the juvenile
and mature leaves, the buds (strikingly similar). The fruits are less similar, but
compare figs. 4c and 9 of Plate 123, and fig. 5 of Plate 98.
The similarity in the two barks has already been touched upon, and there is a
good deal of similarity in the two timbers. The resemblance of H. Kirtoniana is
apparently closer to H. robusta than to E. resinifera.
3. With £. pellita F.v.M.
“ Differs in the shape and size of the calyx-tube and also in the fruits.” (R. T.
Baker.)
Plates 126 and 127 (Part XXX) should be compared. There is some affinity
between the two species, but the affinity with Z. resinifera would appear to be greater.
At the same time we must bear in mind that our knowledge of 2. pellita in the field is
very much less than that of #. resinifera, and therefore in making comparisons between
E, pellita and other species, we must be correspondingly cautious.
4. With E. tereticornis Sm.
“Tn botanical sequence it is placed between ZL. tereticornis Sm. and EB. rudis
Endl.” (R. T. Baker). See also Mr. Petrie’s remarks under EL. robusta.
Consideration of the affinity with 2. tereticornis may be deferred until that
species is dealt with. &. tereticornis is, in the minds of some, a congeries of trees which
inay be distributed into several species. I will content myself with an expression of
opinion that the resemblance is not close.
5. With FE. rudis Endl.
This is only brought into review because of Mr. Baker’s observation just quoted.
B. rudis is the Swamp Gum of Western Australia. I think that the two species do not
closely resemble each other, but perhaps we may defer further remarks until H. rudis is
figured.
6. With E. corymbosa Sm.
Mr. Petrie has already drawn attention to some similarity between 2. Kirtonvana
and the Bloodwoods. This will be better understood when FE. corymbosa is reached.
205
Explanation of Plates (120-123).
PLATE 120,
EL. Baeuerleni F.v.M.
la. Juvenile leaves; 1b, mature leaf; 1c, buds; 1d, anthers, front and back views; le, fruits; 1/, end view
of fruit. Type. Sugar Loaf Mountain, near Braidwood, N.S.W. (W. Bacuerlen.)
2a. Narrow mature leaf; 2b, fruits, valves well exsert. Same locality and collector, but different date.
3a. Leaf; 3b, small fruits. Wentworth Falls, Blue Mountains, N.S.W. (W. Forsyth.)
E. scoparia Maiden.
4a. Juvenile leaves; 4b, juvenile leaves, shorter and broader,; 4c, mature leaves; 4d, buds; 4e, front and
back views of anther; 4, fruits. Type. Six miles from Wallangarra near the Queensland border.
(J. L. Boorman.)
5a. Larger mature leaf; 5d, larger fruits. Six miles from Wallangarra. Collected in Queensland territory.
(J. L. Boorman.)
E. Benthami Maiden and Cambage.
6a, 6b. Juvenile leaves; 6c, 6d, mature leaves; 6e, buds; 6/, front and back views of anthers; 6g, unripe
fruits, showing marked rims; 6h, fruits not perfectly ripe; 6%, fully ripe fruits. Type. Banks
of Nepean River, near Cobbity, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M., June, 1913.)
7. Broader juvenile leaves. Same collectors and locality. November, 1914.
PLATE 121.
E. propinqua Deane and Maiden.
_ la, 1b, 1c. Mature leaves; 1d, intermediate leaf approaching maturity; le, buds tending to be globular;
1f, pointed buds with long pedicels and broad peduncle; 1g, fruits; 1h, enlarged fruit, showing
tim. Type. Dungog-Stroud Road, N.S.W. (A. Rudder.)
2a. Juvenile leaf, not quite in the earliest stage; 2b, immature fruits. Taree, N.S.W. (EH. H. F. Swain.)
3a. Buds, some angled, 14 in the head; 30, fruits with short valves. Beechwood, Rolland’s Plains, Hastings
River, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
4. Small fruits. Clarence River, N.S.W. (Collector unknown.)
5. Large mature leaf (the buds and fruits normal). Sandgate, Newcastle, N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
6. Pointed buds, 7 in the head. One Tree Hill, Brisbane. (R. H. Cambage.)
7. Sessile fruits. Brisbane. (J. L. Boorman.)
8
Small fruits with valves exsert; pedicels long. Landsborough, North Coast Railway, Queensland
(P. MacMahon.)
9. Back and front view of anthers.
E. punctata DC.
10a. Portion of twig, bearing mature leaves, and flower-buds; 10b, flower-bud with operculum lifted
(enlarged); 10c, transverse section of a bud (much enlarged); 10d, very young fruit, with some
stamens still persistent (much enlarged). All these are taken from the drawing of the type in
“Mémoire sur la Famille des Myrtacées,” par Aug. Pyr. De Candolle, Pl. 4.
11. Portion of Sieber’s No. 623 (the type of #. punctata.)
12a. Buds; 120, fruits with well exserted valves; 12c, smaller fruits.’ Hill Top, N.S.W. (H. Hammond
Maiden.)
~ 13. Juvenile leaf. Concord, Sydney. (J.H.M.)
14. Fruits, small and not domed, and with well-defined pedicels, Belmore, near Sydney. (W. Forsyth.)
(See also Plate 122.)
206
PLATE 122.
E. punctata DC.
(See also Plate 121).
la. Mature leaf, yet broad; 10, small fruits, domed. Concord, Sydney. (J. L. Boorman.)
2a. Sharply pointed buds; 20, fruits with long pedicels. East bank of the Woronora River at Como, near
Sydney. (J. H. Camfield.)
3a. Juvenile leaves; 3b, blunt buds; 3c, globular, domed fruits. Manly, Port Jackson. (J. L. Boorman.)
4. Fruits, immature. The Valley, near Springwood. (J.H.M.)
5. Juvenile leaf. Lowther-road, Kanimbla Valley, near Mount Victoria. (J.H.M.)
6a. Juvenile leaf; 6b, 6c, mature leaves; 6d, Ge, buds, with varying degrees of pointedness of opercula,
and sharpness of rims; 6f, small fruits. Acacia Creek, Macpherson Range (New South Wales-
Queensland Border). (J. L. Boorman.)
7. Fruits (domed). Woollooma Mount, Scone district. (H.S. White.)
8a. Pointed buds; 8b, 8c, front and back views of anthers; 8d, fruits. Port Jackson. (J.H.M.)
E. punctata DC. var. grandiflora Deane and Maiden.
9a. Mature leaf; 9b, buds; 9c, front and back views of anthers. Dungog district, N.'S.W. (A. Rudder.)
(See also Plate 123.)
PLATE 123.
E. punctata DC. var. grandiflora Deane and Maiden.
1. Fruits. Hill near Dungog. (A. Rudder.)
These Dungog specimens are the type of var. grandiflora (major).
2a. Unripe buds; 26, fruits (rather small), Seven miles east of Dungog. (A. Rudder.) Type of
E. punctata DC. var. major Baker and Smith.
3. Fruits, rather globular, but not perfectly ripe. Spit-road, Manly, Port Jackson. (J. L. Boorman.)
E. Kirtoniana F.v.M.
4a. Mature leaf; 40, buds and flowers; 4c, fruits; 4d, 4e, front and back views of anthers. The Illawarra
N.S.W. (Kirton.) Type from Herbarium, Melbourne.
5. Juvenileleaf. Green Point, near Gosford, N.S.W. (A. Murphy.)
6a. Mature leaf; 63, fruits. Near Woolgoolga, N.S.W. (KE. H. F. Swain.)
7a. Mature leaf; 7b, very young fruit, showing long styles. Fraser Island, Queensland. (W. F. Petrie.)
8a. Mature leaf; 8b, buds. Bangalore, Mysore, South India.
9. Fruits, Lucknow, India.
Both 8 and 9 are from trees raised from seed sent by the late Baron von Mueller, of Melbourne.
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 120.
M.Floekton del.erlith.
70635
EUCALYPTUS BAEUERLENI F.v.M. (1-8)
E. SCOPARIA Matwen. (4-5)
CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS. oh tes A be
™MFloeKlon del. eF lifh.
7o63S
EUCALYPTUS PROPINQUA DEANE AND MAIDEN. (J-9)
E. PUNCTATA DC. (10-14), [See also Plate 122.]
Crit. REY. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 122.
\
\
= erence 4
|
|
\Q
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i f j aa ‘ ‘ y
\ ME
eB
\
i}
S
We Sa |
oN
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\/ g Qe. /
6b \Y/ \
M.frochion delet lith, 70635
EUCALYPTUS PUNCTATA DC. (I-8), [See also Plate 121.]
E. PUNCTATA var. GRANDIFLORA DEANE AND MAIDEN. (9). [See also Plate 123,]
CRIT. REV, EUCALYPTUS. Pipes:
70635
JCALYPTUS PUNCTATA DC. var. GRANDIFLORA DEANE AND MarpENn (1-8). [See also Plate 122]
E, KIRTONIANA Fw.M. (4-9)
DESCRIPTION.
CLV. E. resinifera Smith.
In White's Voyage—(1790).
FotLowine is the original description. It is one of the earliest descriptions of a
Eucalypt, and for that reason is especially interesting :—
Flovibus pedunculatis, calyptrd conicd aculd.
This is a very large and lofty tree, much exceeding the English Oak in size. The wood is extremely
brittle, and, from the large quantity of resinous gum which it contains, is of little use but for firewood.
Of the leaves Mr. White has given no account, nor sent any specimens. [The italics are mine.—J.H.M.] The
flowers grow in little clusters, or rather umbels, about ten in each, and every flower has a proper partial
footstalk, about a quarter of aninchin length, besides the general one. The general footstalk is remarkably
compressed (anceps), and the partial ones are so in some degree. We have perceived nothing like bractea
or floral leaves. The flowers appear to be yellowish, and are of a very singular structure. The calyx is
hemispherical, perfectly entire in the margin, and afterwards becomes the capsule. On the top of the
calyx, rather within the margin, stands a conical pointed calyptra, which is of the same colour as the calyx,
and about as long as that and the footstalk taken together. This calyptra, which is the essential mark of
the genus, and differs from that of the Hucalyptus obliqua of L’Heéritier only in being conical and acute
instead of hemispherical, is perfectly entire, and never splits or divides, though it is analogous to the corolla
of other plants. When it is removed we perceive a great number of red stamina standing in a conical mass,
which before the calyptra was taken off, were completely covered by it, and filled its inside. The anthers
are small and red. In the centre of these stamina is a single style of pointal rising a little above them,
and terminated by a blunt stigma. The stamina are very resinous and aromatic. They are inserted into
the margin of the calyx, so that the genus is properly called by Mr. L’Héritier in the class Icosandria.
These stamina and style being removed, and the germen cut across about the middle of the calyx, it appears
to be divided into three cells, and no more, as far as we have examined, each containing the rudiments of
one or more seeds, for the number cannot with certainty be determined. Whether the calyptra in this
species falls off, as in that described by Mr. L’Heéritier, or be permanent, we cannot tell. From one specimen
sent by Mr. White, the latter should seem to be the case; and that the calyx swells and rise around it nearly
to the top, making a pear-shaped fruit, with the point of the calyptra sticking out at its apex; but as this
only appears in a single flower, and none of the others are at all advanced towards ripening seed, the flower
in question may possibly be in the morbid state, owing to the attacks of some insect. (See Fig. c.*)
Future observations will determine this point. We have been the more diffuse in our description on account
of the singularity of the genus, and the value of the plant. On making incisions in the trunk of this tree,
large quantities of resinous juice are obtained, sometimes even more than 60 gallons from a single tree,
When this juice is dried it becomes a very powerfully astringent gum-resin of a red colour, much resembling
that in the shops known as “ Kino,” and, for all medical purposes, fully as efficacious. Mr. White
administered it to a great number of patients in the dysentery which prevailed much soon after the landing
of the convicts, and in no one instance found it to fail. This gum-resin, dissolves almost entirely in spirits
of wine, to which it gives a blood-red tincture. Water dissolves about one-fifth part only, and the watery
solution is of a bright red. Both these solutions are powerfully astringent. The plate represents a portion
of the bark of the Eucalyptus vesinifera, with the fructification annexed.
* Reproduced at 1b, Plate 124.
208
This is one of the most unsatisfactorily defined of the early species. The
extreme brittleness of the wood, and the large quantity of “ resinous gum” (really
kino), at once show that the tree now understood as £. resinifera is quite a different
species. .
The original figure of the bark, and the description of the wood and resmous
exudation, apply exactly to Angophora lanceolata, The figures of the buds apply
fairly well to the Red Mahogany, and doubtless assisted in causing Bentham to
describe that tree under the name Lucalyptus resinifera, Smith. They may, however,
be £. tereticornis. Eucalyptus Stuartiana F.v.M., one of the Apple-trees, is another
of our Eucalypts which were originally described from different material from that
now understood as the species. See Vol. iii, p. 68 of the present work. H. hemiphloia
F.v.M. is another. See Vol. ii, p. 14 of this work.
The name resinifera was used very loosely, almost in a generic sense, by old
writers; for example, the plate E. resinifera of a celebrated work (Hayne’s Arznezt
Gewachse, Vol. x, Plate v, 1825) is a plate of E£. tereticornis Sm., with imits of
E. corymbosa Sm.
As E. resinijera was an unsatisfactory species, Bentham re-defined it by
describing the Red or Forest Mahogany under that name. His description may be
seen in B.FI. ili, 245.
Bentham goes on to say (p. 246) :—
Smith’s specimen is a garden one, with the operculum about twice the calyx-tube, but a native
one in the Banksian herbarium, probably seen by Smith, has it three times the calyx-tube. Gertner’s
figure and description of the fruit of Metrosideros gummifera, quoted by Smith as belonging to Z. resinifera,
and which has thus prevented the recognising the species, was taken from a specimen in the Banksian
Herbarium of £. corymbosa.
It is obviously impossible for Smith’s specimen (described in 1790) to have been
a garden one; Bentham was unaware (see Plates 124 and 125) of the variation in the
relative sizes of operculum and calyx-tube. The way EL. corymbosa came on the scene
to complicate matters is explained by the reference to Gertner’s De Fruetibus, Tab.
xxxiv, Metrosideros gummifera. See also Hayne’s work above quoted.
Mueller figured the plant adopted by Bentham as £. resinijera, in the
“ Bucalyptographia.”
Of the vernaculars quoted by Bentham, “Red Gum” is probably Angophora
lanceolata and may perhaps be Z. tereticornis ; ““ Red Mahogany” is correct; “ Grey
Gum ”’ and ‘‘ Leather Jacket” are Z. punctata DC. “ Hickory is said, on the authority
of Rev. Dr. Woolls, to refer to 2. punctata, but I do not call to mind having heard it
used for that species. It is certainly never applied to EZ. resinifera.
In speaking of the erroneous vernaculars which up to Bentham’s time (certainly
not since, as no one now confuses the Forest Mahogany, L. resinifera, with any other
tree), Mueller (** Eucalyptographia”) says:—‘Should it be deemed desirable to
construct a new vernacular name, that of the New South Wales Kino-Eucalypt might
be found the most appropriate, as it was this species which brought the Australian
Kino first into medical notice.”
209
This is a particularly unfortunate suggestion, as H. resimifera very rarely
produces kino, and it was certainly not kino of this species which brought this article
into medical or any other notice. The name “ resimifera” is peculiarly unfortunate
as applied to this species, but it would be undesirable to attempt to disturb it now.
c
Turning to aboriginal names, ‘“'Torumba”’ was the name in use by the Port
Jackson natives, about 1807, according to Caley. It was called ‘“ Booah” by the
aborigines of the Counties of Cumberland and Camden, according to the late Sir William
Macarthur.
E. resinifera has, in its typical form, buds “ egg-in-egg-cup”’ in shape (this means
that they had a second deciduous operculum), and with the operculum not much longer
than the calyx-tube; the calyx-tube slightly ribbed.
‘
Juvenile leaves of medium width, say 1} inches wide, with a length of 5 inches.
In a stunted state this tree, when growing among granite rocks in New England, may have its
flower-stalks much shortened, the stalklets vanishing and the lid abbreviated to pyramidal-hemispheric
form. (“ EKucalyptographia,” under Z. resinifera.)
I am not acquainted with this form.
SYNONYMS.
1. E. resinifera Sm., var. grandiflora Benth.
2. E. hemilampra F.v.M.
1. What is Bentham’s var. grandiflora ?
Following are his own words :—
Buds ovoid, about 4 lines diameter, the operculum broad and thick at the base, with a rather long
beak or gradually tapering. Fruit about 4 to 6 lines diameter, with a raised rim and exserted valyes—
Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 400; EH. hemilampra F. Muell. Herb.—Manly Beach, “ Forest Mahogany,” Woolls;
“Swamp Mahogany,” Caley. Very near and possibly referable to H. pellita. (B.FI. iii, 246.)
What Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 400 is can be seen from fig. 7, Plate 124.
We know what ZF. hemilampra F.v.M. is. Fig. 3, Plate 125, which I have
compared with the type, is identical with it.
Neither is a large fruited form, although there is a large fruited form (with the
normal one) at Manly Beach, and it was probably collected by Woolls. Neither has
ovoid buds. I have dealt with the matter at p. 222, when describing the figures, and
have shown that under grandiflora Bentham included normal and large flowering forms,
and that it will only continue the confusion if the use of the name var. grandiflora be
not dropped.
210
2. E. hemilampra F.v.M.
Following is the original description :—
Arborea, ramulis compresso-tetragonis, foliis alternis modice petiolatis curvato-lanceolatis sensim
acuminatis pellucide punctatis subtilissime venosis supra nitentibus, subtus pallidioribus opacis, vena
longitudinali amargine remotiuscula, umbellis, 5-7—-floris axillaribus lateralibusque solitariis, pendunculo
compresso petiolum aequante pedicellis angulosis longiore, calycis tubo late obconico paucicostato, operculo
elongato conico acuto recto tubi longitudinem ter quaterve excedente ecostato, fructibus, subturbinatis
quinqueloculatis, vertice convexis valvis semiexsertis, seminibus apteris.
Hab.—Ad rivulos torrentesque sylvaticos secus partes fluvii Brisbane superiores. Anth. Dec. Jan.
Arbor procera, trunco, ramisque cinereis laevibus. Folia 4-5 poll longa, inferne 3-1)" lata. Pedunculi
4-1’ longi. Pedicelli calycis tubo modo longiores modo breviores. Operculum semunciale serdide flavidum.
Filamenta albida ad 3” longa. Fructus vix 3’” longi apice non contracti.
E. tereticorni similis, foliis quoque E. citriodore (Journ. Linn. Soe. iii, 85 [1859}.
The type from the Upper Brisbane, Queensland; specimens very close to the
type are figured at 1-3, Plate 125.
E. hemilampra is a small fruited, long-operculumed form. I fail, as regards
these two organs, to separate it from normal £. resinifera. The “ egg-in-egg-cup”
buds of FZ. resinifera and the angled calyces often seen in E. resinijera do not seem to
be constant. The flowers are numerous, the buds and pedicels long; the buds are
generally slender ; suckers narrowish.
RANGE.
It is confined to the eastern, mainly coast, districts of New South Wales and
Queensland. In the former State the most southern recorded locality (as I interpret
the species) is the Picton district, and the most northerly locality is Fraser Island,
opposite Maryborough, Queensland.
Some closely related forms, which have by some authors been referred to E.
resinijera, and which I have referred to E. pellita, extend as far south as Northern
Queensland, and as far west as the Blue Mountains of New South Wales.
Bentham gives the range in New South Wales as Port Jackson, and also as
Parramatta and Cumberland (Parramatta and Port Jackson are in the County of
Cumberland).
As regards Queensland, he gives Valleys of the Upper Brisbane (which is the
form called by Mueller £. hemilampra) and Head of the Cape (River) for a specimen which
I have not seen.
211
Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia ” says :—‘* In New South Wales and Queensland,
but not extending far into the inland districts, traced northward hitherto to the vicinity
of Rockingham Bay (Dallachy) (this is the type locality both¥ior LZ. pellita F.v.M. and
E. spectabilis F.v.M., J.H.M.), and the Daintree River (Fitzalan),”
It is probable that all North Queensland forms referred to H. resinafera really
belong to 2. pellita.
New Sovura WALEs.
Southern Districts. Picton to Thirlmere. Valves more sunk than usual
(J.H.M. ).
(Compare also the Southern District forms referred to below, p, 216.)
Bankstown to Cabramatta (J. L. Boorman).
Sydney District.—Rocky Point Road, Kogarah; Oatley and Oatley West;
Connell’s Bay Road, Hurstville, &c.; Sutherland (J. H. Camfield).
Mrs. Macquarie’s Chair (J. H. Camfield); Botanic Gardens and Inner Domain
(J.H.M.); Field of Mars (J. J. Fletcher, R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.); Gladesville (J. L.
Boorman); “Red Mahogany,” Hunter’s Hill (Rev. Dr. Woolls); Burwood (Rev.
Dr. Woolls); Homebush (J.H.M.). .
The following specimens were collected by one of Sir Joseph Banks’ collectors
in the Parramatta district: —“ ‘ Torumba ’—From a young tree or bush on Marsden’s
Mill Farm. Operculum short. December, 29th 1807” (George Caley). ‘‘ Mahogany” —
Mr. Marsden’s Mill Farm, March, 1805. This is ““ Torumba ” (George Caley).
“ Cotogurra.” “Wet hollow, just below the Camp. 31st December, 1809.
Cotogurra is only another name for ‘Torumba’” (George Caley).
“Red Mahogany.” “One of the largest trees in the district. Bark rough
and persistent, very rough on the old trees, running right out on to the smaller branches.
Young and medium trees are less rough, the branches often smooth and greenish, with
a few scattered curly ribbons on the main branches. Found on shale and sandstone,
but commoner on the shale.” Near Berowra Bridge, Hornsby (now Asquith) (W. F.
Blakely); near Hordern’s Bridge, Waitara (W. F. Blakely).
2 A orthern Districts.—Brisbane Water (W. D. Francis); Woy Woy (A. Murphy);
Morrisset (J. L. Boorman); Alum Mt., Bulladelah (J.H.M.); Bulladelah (A. Rudder);
“ Red Mahogany,” Port Macquarie (G. R. Brown); near Woolgoolga (KH. H. F. Swain);
Bucca Creek, near Coff’s Harbour, typical E. hemilampra (J. L. Boorman); Clarence
River (Forest Ranger Huxham); Mullumbimby, Brunswick River (W. Baeuerlen);
' Tintenbar, Richmond River (W. Baeuerlen); Drake (. C. Andrews); Acacia Creek,
Macpherson Range (W, Dunn).
B
212
QUEENSLAND.
“ Eucalyptus hemilampra n.sp., Vallies of the Upper Brisbane, December, 1856.
Dr. M. (Mueller).”
The above is a copy of a label in the Melbourne Herbarium, and the following
addition is also in Mueller’s handwriting :—
“ H. saligna var. (Mueller).
“i. resinifera var. grandiflora (Bentham).”
“ Jimmy Low,” Maroochie (collector of F. M. Bailey) ; “Jimmy Low,” LEight-
mile Plains, Brisbane (J. L. Boorman); Woodford (R. N. Jolly); “Red Stringybark,”
Landsborough (P. MacMahon); “Red Stringybark,” Fraser Island, Maryborough
(W. R. Petrie).
APEINI Epes:
E. resinijera in its young state has the bark flaky-stringy, and eventually fibrous.
The young leaves have the venation somewhat spreading; later on the venation
is more parallel.
In both these respects EH. resinifera shows its intermediate character between
the Bloodwoods and the Stringybarks.
1. With EF. punctata DC.
From the timber point of view this species is closest to E. resinifera. I have
dealt with the affinities of the two species under #. punctata, Part XXIX, p. 198.
2. With E. Kirtoniana F.v.M.
The affinities are interesting, and I have referred to them under Part XXIX,
p- 203.
3. With E. siderophloia Benth. var. rostrata.
“When the operculum (of . resinifera) is long, the buds resemble those of
EL. siderophlova vax. rostrata, and of E. tereticornis, but the venation of the foliage and
other characters are quite different.” (B.FI. i, 246.)
The comparison will be understood by turning to Plate 47 (Part X),20@ and 27,
for buds. The resemblance of the fruits is less close.
E. siderophloia is an Ironbark, EB. resimifera a Mahogany. While the two timbers
may resemble each other a good deal, the expert can readily separate them through
the greater tensile strength of the former.
213
4. With F. saligna Sm.
E. resinifera “is allied in the fruit and foliage to H. saligna, differing chiefly in
the pedicellate flowers and large operculum” (B.FI. iii, 246). The plates of H. saligna
(Plates 99 and 100) Part XXIII can be referred to. The buds of Z. saligna have usually
shorter opercula and they are often sessile. The fruits of Z. saligna have a thin rim,
and the finger-nail can be passed between it and the valves.
E. saligna is a smooth-barked, straight tree of gullies; EL. resinifera is a fibrous-
barked tree of drier situations, shorter in the trunk, and with a larger head.
5. With EF. Stuartiana F.v.M.
E. resinijera is allied ‘“‘in the fruit to E£. Stuartiana, from which it is readily
distinguished by the venation of the leaves as well as by the operculum.” (B.FI. iu,
246.)
The plates of Z. Stuartiana (Plates 101 and 102, Part XXIV) can be referred
to. The juvenile leaves of that species are sessile or stem-clasping, and almost circular,
-the opercula are short, often hemispherical; the fruit is less domed.
E. Stuartiana occurs at higher elevations and not in the coast districts, which
E. resinifera frequents. &. Stwartiana has a sub-fibrous white bark like a shorn sheep;
that of H. resinifera is very different. H. Stuartiana has a pale-coloured weak, non-
durable timber, the antithesis of H. resinifera in these respects.
6. With £. tereticornis Sm.
See Bentham’s remarks, quoted under H. siderophloia var. rostrata.
It has already been hinted (p. 208) that in the operculum ZH. resinifera and
E. tereticornis may resemble each other a good deal, but their relations will be better
understood when Z. tereticornis is dealt with in Part XXXI.
EL. tereticornis is 2 somewhat erect smooth-barked species; H. resinifera has a
more spreading head, and is fibrous-barked. The timber of HZ. tereticornis is more
interlocked.
214:
DESCRIPTION:
CLYVI. E, pellita Fv.M,
In Fragmenia iv, 159 (1864).
FOLLOWING is a translation of the original :—
A tree with strong angular branchlets, leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, gradually and for a great
part of the leaf acuminate, of ditierent colours on both sides, rather thick, coriaceous, imperforate,
moderately petiolate, abundantly penniveined, the veins being fine, the peripheral vein close to the margin,
umbels 3-5 flowered, paniculate, the fruit-bearing pedicels thick and angular and several times shorter
than the fruit and two-edged peduncle, the fruit semi-ovate, partly angled, marked with a rather broad
groove on the outer side near the vertex, 3-5 celled, valves acute and distinctly exsert, seeds winged.
Rockingham Bay, Queensland (Dallachy).
A tree 40-50 feet high, branches smooth, strong. Leaves 4-6 inches Jong, 13-2 inches broad, paler.
on the under side, slightly inwequilateral at the base; the point often curved. Flowers unknown. Fruit-
bearing peduncles 8-10 lines long, about 2 lines broad. The fruit, not including the tips of the valves, is
4-5 lines long, slightly sunk about the vertex; the exsert parts of the valves 1}-2 lines long. The seeds
rather small, the fertile ones broader than the sterile ones.
Tt will be observed that the buds, flowers and fruits were unknown.
Bentham, (B.FI. iii, 246) describes the species in English, and gives the
locality Rockhampton by mistake. It should be Rockingham Bay, which is north
of Hinchinbrook Island, in about 18° South latitude. Rockhampton is approximately
23°5°.
E. pellita has hemispherical or conical overhanging opercula.
SYNONYM.
1. E. spectabilis F.v.M.
Following is a translation of the original :—
A glabrous tree, with robust branches compressed tetragonously upwards, the leaves large and
almost ovate, here and there lanceolate, often acuminate, the same colour on both sides, the petioles
somewhat long and broad, alternate and rather thick, coriaceous, imperforate, thickly and distinctly
penniveined, the peripheral vein rather far from the margin, the axillary end lateral peduncles solitary,
4-7 flowered; two-edged, shorter than, or almost the same length as the petiole, the calyx-tube almost
turbinate, narrowed into a slightly longer thick angular pedicel, almost the same length as the operculum,
the operculum semi-globose below and umbonate above, entirely without ribs, stamens longer than the
style, anthers ellipsoid, fruit 4-celled.
From Rockingham Bay, Queensland (Dallachy).
215
A small or medium tree. Leaves mostly 6-7 inches long, 2-3} inches broad, shining on the upper
side, almost opaque on the under, more inwquilateral than those of most of the species. Peduncles about
1 inch long and 8 lines broad. The buds, including the pedicel, measure about 1 inch. The calyx-tube
is more or less angled. The operculum about 3 an inch broad, stamens pale yellow, inflected in the bud
before expansion, and not straight like those of #. cornuta. Anthers scarcely 4 line long. Style strong,
about 3 lines long, thickened at the base. Ripe fruits not known. Its position is near that of E.. marginata.
(Fragm. v, 45.)
It will be observed that the types of B. pellita and L. spectabilis came from the
same locality.
Thus in the wet and hot regions of Rockingham Bay the leaves assume a broad, almost oval form
of nearly equal colour on both sides and of thicker consistence, while the lid of the calyx becomes suddenly
contracted from a semi-globular base; this variety was described as FE. spectabilis. (“ Eucalyptographia,”
under #, vesinifera.)
RANGE.
So far as we knowat present, the typical form of this species is confined to the
coastal districts and coastal mountain ranges of Northern Queensland, between
Townsville and Cairns. The attention of observers is invited to it.
In New South Wales we have a number of forms intermediate between it and
E. resinifera.
Typical or nearly typical forms.
“Woolly Bark,” “ Mahogany,” “ Scrub Bloodwood.” Tall straight tree, with
spreading branches. ‘Timber red, with heavy sap. Growing frequently on Coast
Range, north of Townsville, principally on scrub fringes (H. W. Mocatta, Queensland
Forest Department, No. 11).
“Serub edges, west cf Macalister Range, North Queensland. In appearance
it much resembles #. robusta” (R. N. Jolly). Same as Mr. Mocatta’s.
Rockingham Bay (Dallachy). Portion of type. In buds and flowers only.
In the “ Report on Expedition to the Bellenden Ker Range,” by Mr. A. Meston,
1904 (Report on the Vegetation by Mr. F. M. Bailey at p. 9), the record H. robusta
Sm. should be H. pellita ¥.v.M., a mistake easily made. Kuranda (Miss Edwards).
Large tree; common in open or in forest; 1,000 feet, Kuranda (Miss L. 8. Gibbs,
F.L.S., No. 6340).
Comparatively narrow leaves. Barron River, near Cairns (Collector of Mueller).
Comparatively narrow leaves, red wood, short strigy bark. Near Mr. John
Hill’s, east of Inlet, Cairns, North Queensland (R. H. Cambage, No. 3837).
Fibrous bark, large tree, red wood. At 1,100 feet, Kuranda, North Queensland
(R. H. Cambage, No. 3904). This specimen has thinner foliage, evidently grown more
or less under shade.
216
Forms intermediate between E. pellita and E. resinifera.
They are figured on Plate 125 (figures 4-10) and Plate 126 (figures 1-3).
Comparison of them with the figures of B. resinifera, Plate 124, and Z. pellita, Plates
126 and 127, will show that they possess affinities to both species and particularly to
the latter.
These forms are confined to New South Wales so far as we know at present,
and I will divide them into Coast Districts and Blue Mountains. Like E. pellita, these
intermediate forms require the increased attention of observers.
Southern Coastal Districts.—Buds with rugose opercula, not smooth as in Z£.
resinifera, and buds and fruits varying from intermediate to large and very large in size
(see figures).
Largish iruits. Currawang Creek, South Coast Road (W. Baeuerlen).
“Mahogany,” Termeil (R. H. Cambage).
Blunt to pointed opercula, short stalks, sessile iruits. On sandy soil, Milton
(R. H. Cambage).
Conjola, prominent band to fruit (W. Heron).
Bundanoon (W. Greenwood).
Top of Barrengarry Mountain (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.). (The two last
localities are just on the tableland.)
Northern Coastal Districts.—Very large fruits, blunt to pointed buds, nearly
sessile to long stalks. Manly Swamps, just north of Sydney (Rev. Dr. Woolls, A. A.
Hamilton).
5-6 feet high, yet flowering freely (see figure 10, Plate 125). Bark fibrous.
On the driest, hungriest, wind-swept sandstone at the Trig. Station, 374 feet. First
Point, Kincumber (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.).
The following specimens are practically the same as those from Manly Swamps :—
‘Mountain Mahogany,” Hogan’s Brush (W. A. W. de Beuzeville); Narara
(D. Coull).
Very large, shiny, handsome fruits, conical buds, overlapping opercula. Wyong
(J. L. Boorman).
“ Bastard Mahogany,” Bungwahl (A. Rudder).
Blue Mountains.—The following have small or intermediate fruits with rugose
opercula.
Lower Kurrajong, one of the lower slopes to the Blue Mountains (J.H.M.).
Glenbrook. Fruits slightly stalked, calyx tube with a raised ridge (J.H.M.).
Lapstone Hill to Springwood. Fruits sessile to hardly stalked (R. H. Cambage
and J.H.M.),
217
Springwood. Sessile to pedunculate (J. L. Boorman).
Faulconbridge (J.H.M.). Operculum hemispherical to bluntly conical. Fruits
sessile and of same size as resinijera. |
Springwood. Fruits larger than any other of the Blre Mountains specimens,
pytiform, shortly stalked valves, little protruded. Perhaps show hybridism. (J. H.
Camfield. )
AFFINITIES.
1, With EF. botryoides Sm.
The species (pellita) as observed by F. Mueller, resembles L. botryoides, but differs in the larger,
especially broader flowers, in the conical ovary, and in the shape of the fruit. {B.Fl. iii, 246.)
Mueller later (“ Hucalyptographia ”) compares Z. resinifera with LB. botryoides,
and, under ZL. resinifera, includes L. pellita as a tropical luxuriant form.
For figures of H. botryoides, Part XXIII, Plates 98 and 99, may be referred to,
and it will be seen that, except in the intermediate leaves of E. botryoides, there is no
important similarity to HZ. pellita. The resemblance is, however, closer in the case of
those transit forms between #. pellita and EH. resinifera.
2. With FE. saligna Sm.
Tt is, however, very closely allied to H. saligna, . . . . . . differing chiefly in the size of
its leaves, flowers, and fruit. (B.FI. iii, 246.)
The affinity to #. saligna is even less close than to B. botryoides, as will be seen
by study of Plates 99 and 100, Part XXIII. 4H. saligna is a smooth-barked species,
with the exception of a little rough bark at the butt.
3. With F. resinifera Sm.
It (£. pellita) is, however, very closely allied to . . . . Z&. resinifera, differing chiefly in the
size of its leaves, flowers, and fruit, and should perhaps include the var. grandiflora, which I have
referred to the latter. (B.FI. ili, 246.)
The var. grandiflora may be dropped, aiter what [ have said at p. 209.
Another variety with more elongated leaves, partially paniculated flowers and larger fruits was
rendered known as HF. pellita; but augmented material, since accumulated, has proved also this as a
tropical luxuriant form referable to LB. resinifera. (“ Hucalyptographia,” Part i, under ZL. resinifera.)
I have not got an entire series of specimens of #. pellita, but from examination
_of the broad mature leaf of the type and also the juvenile leaf of Mr. Cambage’s 3904
from Kuranda, it is obvious that the juvenile leaf of this species is broadish, probably
nearly as broad as long. The Z. resinifera or assumed resinifera—pellita juvenile leaves
218
figured, ¢.g., Plate 124 (Fig. 5, not in the youngest state), Plate 125 (Figs. 3a and 9),
are on the narrow side. So that on this evidence alone (width of juvenile leaves) I
would keep EF. resinijera and EL. pellita apart. They are pairs of species, such as we
have many in Eucalypts. That they run into each other is admitted, but if we make
them conspecific we are deprived of the classificatory value of juvenile leaves.
In the juvenile leaves of the Blue Mountains (N.S.W.) specimens, I see no
difference from those of normal B. resinijera.
I do not call these specimens (Blue Mountains) typical, but intermediate between
E. resinijera and £. pellita.
Another affinity between the two species is the angle of the calyx-tube, common
to both typical resinifera and pellita, but apparently absent from that form of resinifera
known as £. hemilampra.
4. With EF. robusta Sm.
The variety pellita of E. resinifera has the large flowers and broad leaves of E. robusta, but the
proportionately short fruit with exserted and mostly free, erect and acute valves of the former.
(“ Eucalyptographia,” Part vii, under H, robusta.)
Apparently through an oversight, Bentham omitted to draw attention to the
affinities to EL. robusta, while not omitting those of less closely related species.
Bailey (I repeat reasonably ) confused Bellenden Ker robusta material with pellita.
Note that at p. 215 Mr. R. N. Jolly, Director of Forests, Queensland, speaking
of a specimen of Z. pellita says : “ In appearance it much resembles L. robusta.”
Mr. Jolly’s note refers to the general appearance of the two trees, but let us
compare the figures of Z. robusta in Plates 97 and 98, Part XXII, with our figures of
E. pellita. The resemblance would strike a superficial observer. Take the broad
juvenile leaf (4a, Plate 97) and intermediate one (6a) of EL. robusta. Compare also the
flower-buds. ‘The resemblance of the fruits of the two species is less strong, but the
immature fruits of 1b, Plate 127 (4. pellita) show resemblance to some of those of
E. robusta.
219
DESGRIPTION:
CLVIT. E. brachyandra F..M.
In Journ. Linn. Soc. tii, 97 (1859).
FOLLOWING is a translation of the original :—
A small tree with angular branchlets, leaves alternate or opposite, moderately petiolate, papery,
ovate or broadly oblong, obtuse, opaque, slightly penniveined, small veins inconspicuous, imperforate,
paler on the under side, peripheral vein somewhat close to the margin, umbels 3-5 flowered, gathered
together in a terminal panicle, peduncles angular, pedicels thin, shorter than the calyx or of the same length;
operculum conical-hemispherical, shorter than the tube, filaments very short, anthers didymous, fruits
minute, campanulate, exangular, without ribs, 3-4 celled, concave at the vertex, valyes somewhat included,
very short, seeds winged.
Habitat.—In the rocky slopes in the upper parts of the Victoria River. Flowering in the early
spring.
A tree-like shrub, leaves for the most part 14-3 inches long, 3-14 inches broad, obtuse, somewhat
acute at the very base. The flower-bearing calyx slightly excecding 1 line in length, the fruit-bearing
calyx a line and a half long or slightly longer. Stamens at the most 1 line long. The operculum only
seen in the young buds.
The species is remarkable for the smallness of the flowers and fruit.
Bentham’s description in B.Fl. ui, 223, is as follows :—
E. brachyandra, F. Mucell. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iti, 97. A tall shrub or small tree. Leaves ovate or
oblong, on long petioles, very obtuse, 2 to 4 inches long, thick with numerous parallel very diverging veins,
fine but not very close. Flowers not seen. Umbels several together in a short panicle. Calyx after
flowering very small, ovoid globose, with a few very short stamens with minute globose anthers remaining
about the orifice.
Fruit urceolate-globose, scarcely more than 1 line long, the rim thin, the capsule sunk.
So little is known of this species that the following unpublished notes by Mr.
W. V. Fitzgerald will be acceptable :—
“A tree of 25-30 feet; trunk crooked, often piped, up to 10 feet; diameter to
9 inches; bark grey, rough, longitudinally fissured, persistent on trunk and limbs;
timber red, hard and tough, filaments white.”
E. brachyandra is a rare tropical species, the morphology of which has not been
completely worked out.
The stamens are in a close double row, the outer row being the longer.
A small, almost leafy bract can be seen under each umbel when the buds are
in quite a young state.
Its fruits are small and of a papery texture, with a thin rim, and with the tips
of the valves well sunk,
0
220
But the most interesting point in regard to this species appears to be in
connection with the operculum.
The buds have a nearly hemispherical operculum. The operculum has an outer
membrane (double operculum) which is circumsciss at the line of demarcation of
operculum and calyx tube. This membrane breaks up into pieces which sometimes
are remarkably symmetrical in size and shape. Occasionally they show a slight
thickening which gives them almost a keeled appearance. See Fig. 6e of Plate 127.
I will later on draw attention to this double operculum, which occurs much more
commonly in the genus than has been hitherto recorded.
In the present species, the membranous scales or pieces of the outer operculum
appear to be placed at fairly equal distances around the calyx rim, and when seen
through a lens the very smallest buds show them still distinct from each other although
sometimes touching; in no instance have they been noticed united so as to form a
whole operculum. Where the calyx is slightly ribbed the scales are found on the top
of the rib.
Mr. W. F. Blakely informs me that he has seen the outer operculum of each
individual bud entire in the very young state, and this is not improbable, but I could
not be certain with these minute objects, and desire to obtain more material; the
matter may well be reconsidered when this is available, and comparative observations
are made with other species.
The matter, of course, raises the question as to the morphological equivalents
of these scales or pieces of the outer operculum—whether they represent sepals.
RANGE.
Until a few years ago this species had not, so far as I am aware, been found since
Mueller, on Gregory’s Expedition of 1856, found it on “rocky declivities of the Upper
Victoria River” (Northern Territory).
Mr. W. V. Fitzgerald collected it in North-West Australia in 1905 in the following
localities. Artesian and Edkins Ranges; Hills along Denham and King Rivers;
Dillen’s Springs (Sunday Island). Always amongst sandstone and quartzite. These
discoveries extend its range considerably, and add a species to the flora of Western
Australia. Dr. Horbert Basedow has (May, 1916) collected it in ripe fruit also from
Sunday Island (his 115).
221
AFFINITIES.
It naturally occurs to one to compare this species with other small fruited species,
e.g., Raveretiana F.v.M., Howittiana P.v.M.
1. With £. Raveretiana F.v.M.
Compare Plate 53, Part XII. 2. Raveretianais a large Box-tree; EH. brachyandra
is described as a small tree with grey fissured bark; we do not know if they tend to
approximate to each other in these respects, but the localities known for both are very
few.
The mature leaves of HE. Raveretiana are narrow rather than broad, the fruits
have the valves exsert, and the opercula are much more pointed.
2. With EF. Howittiana F.v.M.
This is another small-fruited species; the fruit is, however, more spherical and
the leaves more lanceolate. It is also a very large tree, and I will again make
comparisons when H. Howittiana is figured. The anther-cells of 2. Howittiana are
more parallel than those of #. brachyandra.
3. With EF. populifolia Hook. f.
This species has sometimes the fruits so small, particularly in Queensland, that
the similarity may be noted. The leaves are usually shiny, while those of 2. brachyandra
are dull.
4. With FE. melanophloia ¥.v.M.
In shape of leaves, and in anthers, there is a certain amount of similarity between
RB. brachyandra and some specimens of £. melanophloia trom North-Western Australia.
But the fruits of the latter species are larger and usually, though not invariably, opposite
and sessile.
5. With F. Brownii Maiden and Cambage, Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. W. xlvii, 215 (1913),
which has sometimes fruits as small and of very nearly the same shape as those of
E. brachyandra, but the mature leaves of the former are long and narrow.
6. With E. Spenceriana Maiden.
But its true affinity lies, it appears to me, with those species with papery fruits,
which have thin rims and which have the tips of the valves well sunk. The group is
Angophoroid to some extent, and includes E. tesselaria F.v.M., E. papuana F.v.M.,
E. clavigera A. Cunn., B. aspera F.v.M., EB. Spenceriana Maiden, the latest described
member of the group, seems in some respects (leaves and inflorescence) nearest to
E. brachyandre, but the members of the group run into each other in a most intricate
manner, '
222
Explanation of Plates (124-127).
PLATE 124.
EB. vesinifera Sm.
(1-6 may be accepted as typical.)
la. Buds; 1b, bark; being reproductions of figures of “ Red Gum tree (Eucalyptus resinifera) * in White’s
Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, p. 231. (1790.)
I would suggest that the drawing of the bark may be Angophora lanceolata, while E. tereticornis
Sm. is less likely. The buds depicted resemble those of L. resinifera as well as EB. tereticornis.
2. Leaf, buds and flowers. ‘ Eucalyptus resinifera, Red Gum Eucalyptus.’ From Smith’s “ Exotic
Botany,” t. 84 (1805). This is quoted by Bentham as £. vesinifera and may be accepted as the type.
3. Cluster of young buds. Bankstown to Cabramatta, near Sydney. (J. L. Boorman.) Note the egg-
in-ege-cup appearance, which is well shown in 2.
4a. Mature leaf; 46, plump buds, nine in the head, the operculum quite smooth; 4c, front and back
views of anther; 4d, fruits. Oatley, George’s River, near Sydney. (J. H. Camfield.)
5. Intermediate leaf. Berowra Bridge, near Hawkesbury River. (J.H.M.)
6. Buds. Note the angled calyx, and the egg-in-egs-cup appearance. Glenbrook, Blue Mountains.
(J.H.M.)
{7-9 include var. grandiflora Benth., an unfortunate name, which includes H. hemilampra F.v.M. (a small-
fruited form), and I cannot separate it from typical £. resinifera by any marked character. ]
7. “ Buc. resinifera. Resinous Eucalyptus,” from Andrews’ ‘Botanical Repository,” Vol. 6, Plate 400.
In B.FI. i, 246, Bentham quotes this as his var. grandiflora, but the buds are scarcely “‘ ovoid,”
although they correspond to the remainder of the description . . . . . “the operculum broad
and thick at the base, with a rather long beak or gradually tapering.”” The name grandiflora should
be abandoned as misleading.
8a, 8b. Mature leaves; 8c, buds (there is no abrupt line of demarcation between calyx-tube and operculum) ;
8d, fruits. Bankstown to Cabramatta. (J. L. Boorman.)
9a. Bude: 9b, front and back views of anthers; 9c, fruits. (Caley, 1809.)
PLATE 125.
[ Nos. 1-3 are a continuation of Nos. 7-9 of Plate 124.]
EL. resinifera Sm.
1. Juvenile leaf. Bankstown to Cabramatta. (J. L. Boorman.)
Buds. Tintenbar, Richmond River, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen, No. 956.)
5a. Juvenile leaves; 3b, mature leaf; 3c, buds; 3d, front and 3e, back view of anthers; 3f, fruits. Bueca
Creek, near Cofl’s Harbour, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.) Compare 3a with 9.
BL. pellita F.y.M. (in part).
(Nos. 4-10 are provisionally submitted as coming under £. pellita F.v.M., or, perhaps more
accurately, transit forms between that species and L. resinifera. These forms, together with
figs. 1-5 of Plate 126, seem to be transit forms between the &. resinifera of Plate 124, and
typical FL. pellita of Wig. 4, Plate 126.)
4. Buds, with pointed opercula. Currawang Creek, South Coast, N.S.W. (W. Baeuerlen).
5a. Mature leaf; 5b, buds, with bluntly conical opercula; 5c, fruits. Milton, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage,
No. 4074.)
Ga. Ovoid buds; 6b, unripe fruits. Top of Barrengarry Mountain, near Moss Vale. (R. H. Cambage
end J.H.M.)
7a. Buds with rounded opercula; 7b, buds with conoid opercula; 7e, fruits; 7d, fruit, viewed from the
top; Te, leaf. Springwood. (J. L. Boorman.)
|
223
PLATE 125—continued.
E. pellita F.v.M. (in part)—continued.
8a. Buds, nearly sessile; 8b, sessile, angled fruits. Faulconbridge. (J.H.M.) N.B.—The Springwood
and Faulconbridge localities are a mile apart and practically identical.
9. Juvenile leaf. Close to the 40-mile post, near Springwood. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.). Compare
with 3a.
10a. Intermediate leaf; 10b, buds. (Note the peculiar appearance owing to shrivelling, the top of the
operculum not being distended by the bent filaments); 10c, front and back views of anthers.
First Point, Kincumber, N.S.W. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M.) See also Plate 126.
PLATE 126.
EL. pellita F.v.M.
(1-3, continuation of transit forms from Plate 125.)
la. Mature leaf, moderately narrow; 16, mature leaf, broad; 1e, sessile fruits; 1d, larger fruits with very
short pedicels; le, fruits with longer pedicels. First Point, Kincumber. (R. H. Cambage and
J.H.M.) See also Plate 125.
2a, 2b. Mature leaves of varying width; 2c, buds with overhanging opercula. “ Bastard Mahogany.”
Bungwahl, N.S.W. (Augustus Rudder.)
3a. Buds in threes, opercula sharp-pointed; 3b. front and back views of anther: 3c, angled fruits, large
in size. Wyong, N.S.W. (J. L. Boorman.)
E. pellita F.v.M. (Type.)
4a, Mature leaf; 46, buds: 4c, front views of anthers; 4d, back view of anthers. Rockingham Bay,
Queensland. (J. Dallachy.) Type of ZL. pellita F.v.M.
PLATE 127.
£, pellita F.v.M.
la. Mature leaf, thick, shiny, with raised midrib on the under surface; 10, fruits, tips of valves sunk or
flush with edge of rim; le, 1d, fruits with valves well exsert.
2a. Juvenile leaf, thin, pale under-surface, venation marked. Kuranda, North Queensland, at 1,100 feet.
(R. H. Cambage, No. 3901.) N.B.—When the leaf becomes mature the venation consists of fine,
neatly parallel veins.
3a. Mature leaf, comparatively narrow; 3b, buds, comparatively small. Kuranda, at 1,000 feet. (Miss
Edith Edwards, also Miss L. 8. Gibbs, F.L.S.)
4a and 46, the same fruit, in elevation and plan.
5a and 5b, the same fruit, in elevation and plan.
It will be noticed that in 4a we have a very marked band as the curve of the band narrows
towards the top. In 5a the contrary is the case. It was at one time thought that perhaps here
we might have a permanent character to separate large fruited forms of E. resinifera from E. pellita,
which is normally large-fruited. It, however, was found that the two forms ran into each other.
E. brachyandra F.v.M.
6a. Twig with mature leaves and flowers; 6e, buds; 6c, fruits, natural size; 6d, fruits, enlarged, showing
the sunken valves and thin rim; 6e, buds, enlarged; 6/, front and back views of anthers.
Artesian Range, Kimberley, North-West Australia. (W. V. Fitzgerald.)
The scales shown at Ge cover the operculum. In some cases they are uniform in size and show a
keel or external rib. They are, however, usually irregular in shape and are doubtless the five portions
of an outer er double operculum covering a single bud, and have become torn by the growth of the
bud. ;
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The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New
South Wales”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs
of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic
value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of
the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets :—
acacioides A. Cunn (xlviii).
acmenioides Schauer (xxxii).
affinis Deane and Maiden (lvi).
amygdalina Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi Maiden (xx1).
Baileyana ¥.v.M. (xxxyv).
Baueriana Schauer (lvii).
Baueriana Schauer, var. conica Maiden (lvii).
Behriana ¥.v.M. (xvi).
bicolor A. Cunn. (xliv).
Boormani Deane and Maiden (xlv).
Bosistoana F.v.M. (xliui).
Caleyt Maiden (lv).
capitellata Sm. (xxviii).
Consideniana Maiden (xxxvi).
oortacea A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa Sm. (xii).
crebra F.v.M. (li).
dives Schauer (xix).
fruéicetorum F.v.M. (xhi),
gigantea Hook. f. (li).
gonrocalyx F'.v.M. (v).
hemastoma Sm. (xxxvii).
hemiphloia F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia Link and Otto (ii).
Luehmanniana F.v.M, (xxvi).
macrorrhyncha F.v.M. (xxvii).
maculata Hook, (vii).
melanophlova F.v.M. (liv).
melliodora A. Cunn. (ix).
microcorys F.v.M. (xxxviil).
microtheca F.v.M. (lu).
numerosa Maiden (xvii).
obliqua L’ Hérit. (xxii).
ochrophloia F.v.M. (1).
odorata Behr and Schlechtendal (xli).
oleosa F.v.M (lx).
paniculata Sm. (viii).
pilularis Sm. (xxxi).
piperita Sm. (xxxiil).
Planchoniana F.v.M. (xxiv).
polyanthemos Schauer (lix).
popultfolia Hook. (xlvii).
punctata DC. (x).
regnans F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera Sm. (iil).
saligna Sm. (iv).
siderophlova Benth. (xxxix).
sideroxylon A. Cunn. (xii).
Sieberiana F.v.M. (xxxiv).
stellulata Sieb. (xiv).
teretocornis Sm. (x1).
vorgata Sieb. (xxv). °
virea R. T. Baker (xxiii).
*Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Price 1s. per part (10s. per 12 parts); each part containing 4 plates anc
other illustrations.
Sydney: William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer. —191%
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PL. 124.
CRIT. REY. EUCALYPTUS.
Fim ice
s
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Sree re
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M.FioeKfon.del. ef lith.
[See Plate 125.]
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA Sm.
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;
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 125.
M. Flockton.del -eF lith.
76171
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA Sm. (1-8). [See Plate 124 ]
E. PELLITA Fv.M, (4-10). Transit forms from E. resinifera. [See also Plate 126. ]
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 126.
76177 -Flochtonu- deler hitb.
EUCALYPTUS PELLITA F.v.M. (1-8). Continuation of transit forms from Plate 125.
E. PELLITA F.v.M. (4). Type. [See Plate 127.]
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 127.
Vee 4
Pepe
76171 M. Fleckron del. ef lith.
EUCALYPTUS PELLITA F.v.M. (1-8). [See Plate 126.]
E. BRACHYANDRA Fv.M. (6)
=
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