a a te < + + ee + jean =” MANZE Na ENE SOU TAS Dee We uti Sy a . “ reer PME DE RCS BD AO ye) Nie Bah i < . : : pares att neahate ate : i H ‘ + ? . rete ‘6 b relents aati) i nits Sane peti) 4 Pi ett by rate Ree s ee ee ao 5 ce? oe Won x hs Boe ee ete Sy a, ~~ ot a Sees oe mrs re i . tte TTR, COGEE es a ee 5 * es Sree te ee a — ee ee rr se ae eR hee i ata aes et {ee sie cats SSS ac ite aie CUS i SPAS tiers nas bit erase sa rea Se 6 *s ak i co = yr ee sre ks * x! ie Ss . Riss eecrarhas etek sate ies oe SS REE ark! 4 tts > G rote a as i RSH a R oh urn TT Viet waroky 4 LIBRARY NEW YORK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE ITHACA, N. Y. : Entomology for medical officers. MAR 2 8 1962 Date Due ENTOMOLOGY FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS = Ate : i Ate elk Aio 6& py Surxepatvery wadixas THY Tept TOY b fa ae > t aTimotépwy Cowv éemickeyyny. —ARISTOTLE, De Partibus Animalium. “For that it is not meet childishly to crab the study of even the ignoble animals.” ENTOMOLOGY FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS BY . A. ALCOCK, CLE. MB. LL.D) FBS, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE NETHERLAND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND OF THE CALIFORNIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. HONORARY FELLOW OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE (RETIRED) Lecturer on Medical Entomology, etc. at the London School of Tropical Medicine. Lately Superintendent of the Indian Museum, and Professor of Zoology in the Medical College of Bengal. Sometime Surgeon- Naturalist to the Indian Marine Survey GURNEY & JACKSON 33 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON I9It EVe ws Wek Utoxres , Novel 2% , 1 Ge . tye ty Kp. TO SIR PATRICK MANSON K.C.M.G., F.R.S. “* Grande decus columenque rerum.” “First he wroghte, and afterward he taughte; But in his teching discreet ard benigne.” Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000353486 PREFACE THIS volume is printed in response to repeated requests from members of my classes at the London School of Tropical Medicine. Its aim is to provide, within convenient compass, a general account of those Arthropoda that, as a sequel to discoveries which have immortalised the names of Manson and Ross, every medical and sanitary officer who has to follow his vocation beyond the seas is now expected to look out for, to recognise, and to endeavour to control. It does not—or, at least, it is not intended to—trespass upon the domain of the physician, of the pathologist, of the sanitarian, or even of the protozoologist, but is chiefly con- cerned with that entomological territory where these empires meet. The literature of Medical Entomology—using the term entomology in the old inclusive Latreillian sense—is now so enormous that I neither could nor would compile a biblio- graphy of the subject ; but the medical officer who is inclined for this kind of entomological research will find in the list of memoirs on pages 325-331— many of which are richly furnished with bibliographical appendices—something to set him on his way. To these memoirs I gladly acknowledge my own indebtedness, and I must also express my very great obliga- tions to Mr E. E. Austen, of the British Museum, for the kind and generous aid that he has given me, during several years, in acquiring some practical experience of the species of Diptera. vii viii PREFACE The majority of the figures which—however inartistically —illustrate the text have been drawn from cleared specimens mounted in Canada balsam, such as students to whom entomology is a means rather than an end commonly make for themselves. A. ALCOCK. HEATHLANDS, BELVEDERE, KENT. CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION PAGES Classification of Animals. Geographical Distribution of Animals. The Phylum