| The - Flora of Natal | and Zulu land | iv os Gornell University Library Sthara, New York BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 RETURN TO ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY ITHACA, N. Y. DATE DUE 4 GAYLORD Cornell University Libra ‘i Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http :/Awww.archive.org/details/cu31924000458236 To Senator the Hon. C. G. SMITH. THROUGH WHOSE GENEROSITY THE PUBLICATION OF THIS WORK WAS RENDERED POSSIBLE. THE FLORA OF NATAL AND ZULULAND BY J. W. BEWS, M.A, D.Sc. Professor of Botany in the Natal University College. 1921: Printed and Published by CITY PRINTING WORKS, Bank Street, PIETERMARITZBURG, QR” —3t 8 By q. A.S4sq35 PREFACE. The following work has been written for the purpose of assisting the study of plant ecology and botanical survey work in Natal. The “Handbook” published by the late Dr. Medley Wood is now no longer up to date, and is-also out of print, and his “Revised List,” with its supplements, is also incomplete, as well as difficult to procure. A general ecological account of the Natal vegetation, to a large extent compiled from my own previous writings. has been prepared, and it was intended that it should be included as part of the present work, but for various reasons it has bcen thought advisable to defer publication of this part of the manuscript. This has enabled the main section to be published in a more compact form. Ecological notes have been added in the case of the principal species to the records of dis- tribution. Care has been taken to make the latter as complete and accuraie as possible. Various Zulu names have also been included. The wotks enumerated in the Bibliography have been con- sulted throughout, and due acknowledgment of indebtedness must be made in particular to Medley Wood’s various lists, to the “Flora Capemis,” to Engler’s “Fflanzenfamilien,” and Thonner’s “Flowering Pants of Africa.” In the key to the families the last mentionec work was found particularly helpful, since, after due consideraion, it was decided that the main principles of sub-division atopted by Thonner were more useful and easier to follow than any that could be substituted, without departing altogether fromthe natural system. The main groups are decided by the characteas of the perianth, and the sub-divisions by the characters of tke ovary and ovules. In many cases where there is a likelihood ofmistakes being made, the family is included under more than one division. The keys given in the Flora Capensis have also been drawn upon freely. Considerable simplication throughout has been rendered possible chiefly by the fact that a smaller area is dealt with. An attemp has been made to bring the nomenclature as up to date as pasible, though it is hardly possible to attempt anything approacling finality in this respect until many further monographs have been published by specialists on various families and genen. As it is, the changes that have been found Vi necessary on Medley Wood’s “Revised List,’ as well as the additions, are considerable. The Flowering Plants of Natal, as now arranged, belong to 148 families, and include 901 genera and 3,786 species, as compared with 128 families, 865 genera, and 3,310 species as given by Medley Wood. My thanks are due to Mrs. Bolus for putting the Bolus Her- barium and Library at my disposal, and to Dr. R. Marloth for the use of his private library. J. W. BEWS. Natal University College, May, 1921. INTRODUCTION, The history of Botany in Natal extends over a period of less than a.century, though many of the Natal plants were collected more than a hundred years ago in the Cape Colony by Thunberg, Burchell and others. The first Botanist of note to visit Natal was J. F. Drége, who, in the year 1832, travelled northwards together with Dr. Andrew Smith, along the Natal coast belt as far as the Umgeni north of Durban. Drége spent eight years altogether in botanical exploration in South Africa, and when he left he took with him, according to Meyer, about 200,000 dried specimens belonging to nearly 8,000 distinct species. About the time that Drége visited Natal, Ecklon and Zeyher were col- lecting in the Eastern parts of the Cape Colony, but they did not get further east than the Kei River. In 1839 Ferdinand Krauss visited Natal and collected chiefly on the coast belt. In his account of the flora of the Cape and Natal (1846) he divides Natal into the three botanical sub-divi- sions still recognised, viz., Coast belt, Midlands, and Mountains (Drakensberg). Other early Natal collectors were Dr. Gueinzius, Vance, Wil- liamson, R. W. Plant and E. Armitage. During the twenty years following the colonisation of Natal by white settlers, botanical collecting made rapid strides, and when the first volume of Harvey and Sonder’s “Flora Capensis’ was published in 1859, acknowledgment was made to John Sanderson, of Durban (after whom the genus Sandersonia is named), for valuable collections; to Dr. Sutherland, Surveyor-General of Natal, for small, but carefully selected, collections made in various parts of his dis- trict during hasty professional visits, in one of which he dis- covered Greyia sutherlandi; to R. Hallack, of Port Elizabeth, for interesting information on plants of the Natal Colony, ac- companied by specimens. During the same period, Dr. Pappe, the Cape colonial botanist, was forwarding specimens, not all collected by himself, to Harvey, some of which, doubtless, may have. come from Natal. In the second volume of the Flora Capensis, published in 1861—2, large collections are acknowledged from W. T. Gerrard and M. J. McKen, Curator of the Botanical Gardens at Durban, jointly and severally. The collections must have been sent sub- 2. INTRODUCTION. sequent to the publication of Volume L., since many of the new discoveries are dealt with in the addendum to the second volume, and in the second volume of Harvey’s “Thesaurus,” published in 1863. The publication of these works seems to have stimulated botanical exploration and collecting, for in the preface to Vol. III. of the Flora Capensis (1864—5) it is stated that large collections continued to be received from Sanderson, Gerrard and McKen, “the last-named gentleman having con- tributed within two years over one thousand species of plants.” George Fannin, of the Dargle, also commenced contributing, his collections including the beautiful new Anemone (A. fanninii). T. Cooper also collected largely in Natal in 1861—2. By this time MacOwan had commenced his botanical teach- ing at the Cape, and through his pupils, as well as by his own direct labours, botany in South Africa was rapidly advanced. Dr. H. Bolus is another to whom South African Botany owes much. In 1873—5 F. Oates travelled from Maritzburg northwards through Ladysmith, Newcastle, and the Transvaal to Matabele- land. In an appendix to his published journal, the plants col- lected by him were dealt with by R. A. Rolfe. In the years 1875—7 A. Rehmann made a journey from the Cape via Kimberley, Bloemfontein, Harrismith and Maritzburg to Durban. He visited Medley Wood at Inanda. His collec- tions were partly worked up by Szyszylowicz. (1887—8). Before this the Rev. John Buchanan had become an enthusi- astic and extensive collector. He devoted special attention to the ferns. J. Medley Wood had also commenced his botanical career. His name will always be remembered as that of the chief pioneer botanist in Natal. He was born on December Ist, 1827, and died at the advanced age of 88 years on August 26, 1915. He spent over 60 years in Natal, and he was active up to the end of his long life. For many years he lived at Inanda, and it was there his early botanical collecting was done. He was closely associated at that time with Buchanan. In 1882 he suc- ceeded McKen as Curator of the Durban Botanical Gardens and Herbarium, and he remained at his post for 33 years. He pub- lished several successive lists of the flora, and in his ‘Natal Plants” 600 species were illustrated. In association with Maurice S. Evans, who also collected widely, or with his assistant, Miss Franks, or independently, Wood described numbers of new species. He forwarded to Kew and other European herbaria Jarge numbers of new species to be worked up by specialists. He built up the excellent Durban Herbarium. He was assisted at INTRODUCTION. or various times by Miss Franks, Messrs. Haygarth and Wylie, the last mentioned succeeding him as curator of the Durban Botanical Gardens. Space does not permit of more than a very brief mention of the numerous other coilectors or writers on the Botany of Natal. Further details may be learned from the list of publications which follows. Only workers in, or visitors to Natal, are men- tioned, but it should be borne in mind that the Botany of Natal owes a great deal to workers overseas especially the staff of the Herbarium at Kew. The following list is, it is hoped, fairly complete, though collectors who have contributed only occasional specimens are omitted. Fourcade (who was employed by the Government to in- vestigate and report on the forests of Natal), Justus Thode (who collected and wrote on the vegetation of Natal. (See Biblio- graphy). R. Schlechter (who collected extensively and added ‘arge numbers of new species). O. Kuntze, A. Engler, R. Marloth, Mrs. Fannin, Mrs. Saunders, Miss Owen, Mrs. Hutton, Miss Arm- strong, Miss G. Edwards, Mrs. Bolus, Dr. E. Doidge, Mrs. Stain- bank, H. Bolus, A. Bolus, G. Mann, F. Bachmann, A. Penther, H. G. Flanagan, W. Tyson, H. Junod, F. Wilms, H. Rudatis, Dr. Pole-Evans, Dr. Dimock-Brown, Dr. van der Byl, Dr. Phillips, J. S. Henkel, A. O. D. Mogg, Dr. Schonland, Messrs. Krook, Stone, Mariott, Aitken, Gale, Boyle, Allison, Large, Davis, St. George, Jenkinson, Nelson, Baines, Reid, Eyles, Green, Mason, Krebs, Fernando, Symons, Groom, Pearse, Grant, Hewit- son, Carnegie. It may be well to state that the above names are not arranged in any particular order, chronological or otherwise. Dr. T. R. Sim, formerly Conservator of Forests for Natal, has contributed in his various published works a great amount of information regarding the flora of S. Africa in general, in- cluding that of Natal. He has made the trees and shrubs, the ferns and the mosses and hepatics his special objects of study, but he has collected extensively the other plants as well. He has lately very generously presented his Herbarium of Flowering Plants to the Botany Department of the Natal University College. The writer of this work has since 1910'devoted most of his attention to the study of the vegetation of Natal, chiefly from the ccological standpoint, a field that had hitherto remained un- touched so far as Natal was concerned. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1793 to —. Curtis, W.—The Botanical Magazine. London. 1822 to 1824. Burchell, W. J—Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. Vols. I. and II. London. 1823. Thunberg, C.P.—Flora Capensis. Stuttgart. (Contains a ' summary of earlier collectors and authors). 1824 to —. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. Paris. 1824 to 1873. Decandolle, A.—Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Paris. 1835. Ecklon, C.F.C. and Zeyher, K.—Enumeratio plantarum Africae-Australis extra tropicae, Hamburg. 1835. Meyer, E. F. H—Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Aus- tralis quas per octo annos collegit observationibusque manuscriptis illustravit Johannes Franciscus Drége. Lipsiae. 1836 to 1916. Hooker, W. J. and J. D—Icones Plantarum. 1838. Harvey, W. H.—The Genera of South African Plants. Capetown. 1842. Meisner, K. F.—Contributions towards a Flora of South Africa. Hook. London Journ. of Bot. Vol. I. 1843. Drége, J. F—Zwei pflanzen geographische Documente nebst einer Einleitung von Dr, E. Meyer. Regensburg. 1845. Hochstetter, C. F.—Pflanzen des Cap und Natallandes. Regensburg Flora. Band 1. and II. (Contains an enumeration of Krauss’s Natal Plants.) 1846. Krauss, F.—Beitrage Zur Flora des Cap und Natal-landes Regensburg. 1852. Plant, R. W.—Notice of an Excursion to the Zulu Country. Hook Journ. of Bot. Vol. IV. 1854. Armitage, E.—Lecture on the Botany of Natal. Pieter- maritzburg, 1854. Pappe, L.—Silva Capensis. Capetown. 1857 to —. Linnean Society Journal. 1859 to —. Harvey, W. H., Sonder, O. W., Thiselton-Dyer, W. Prain, D. Flora Capensis. Vols. I. to VII. London. 1859—63. Harvey, W. H. Thesaurus Capensis. Vols. I. and II. Dublin and Capetown. 1862—81. Bentham, G., and Hooker, J. D—Genera Plantarum. London. 1867. Mann, R. J.—The Physical Geography and Climate of the Colony of Natal. Proc. R. Geog. Soc., London. 1868. Harvey, W. H.—The Genera of South African Plants. 2nd Edit. Capetown and London. BIBLIOGRAPHY. : 5. 1868 to —. Oliver, D., and Thiselton Dyer, W. T.—Flora of Tropical Africa. London. 1872 to —. Seeman, B. and Britten, J—Journal of Botany. London. 1873 to —. Schumann, K. and Fedde, F.—Just’s Botanische Jahresbericht. Leipzig. 1878—87. Decandolle, A. and C.—Monographiae Phaneroga- marum. Vols. 1—V. Paris. 1879. Rehmann, A.—Geo-botaniczne stosunki Poludniowej Afryki. Krakow. 1880 to —. Botanisches Centralblatt. Leiden. 1881 to —. Engler, A.—Botanische Jahrbucher. Leipzig. (Con- tains the important series of papers by Engler and others, “Beitrage zur Flora von Afrika.”) 1887—8. Szyszylowicz Ign.—Polypetalae Rehmannianae. Cracow. 1887 to —. Kew Gardens. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informa- tion. 1889 to 1908. Engler, A—Die Naturlichen Pflanzen familien. 1889. Fourcade, H. G—Report on the Natal Forests. Natal Gov- ernment Blue Book. 1891 to 1893. Kuntze, O.—Revisio Generum Plantarum. Leip- zig and London. 1893 to —. Hooker, J. D., and Jackson, B. D—Index Kewensis and Supplements. 1893 to —. Autran, E., and Beauverd, G.—Bulletin de !’Herbier Boissier. Geneva. (Contains Schinz, H. Beitrage zur : Kenntniss der Afrikanischen Flora, I—XXI.) 1893. Thode Justus—Die Botanischen Hohenregionen Natals. Engl. Bot. Jahr. Vol. XVIII. 1894. Wood, J. M.—Preliminary Catalogue of Indigenous Natal Plants. Durban. 1895 to 1898. Durand, Th., and Schinz, H.—Conspectus florae ' Africae. Bruxelles. 1898 to 1914. Wood, J. M.—Natal Plants. Vols. I—VI. Dur- ban. 1898 to 1904. Engler, A—-Monographien Afrikanischer Pflan- zenfamilien und-gattungen. Leipzig. 1900 to —. Engler, A~—Das Pflanzenreich, Leipzig. 1900 to 1905—Zahlbruchner, A—Plantae Pentherianae. Wien. 1900 to 1907. Torre, C. G. de Dalla, and Harms, H.—Genera Siphonogamarum. Leipzig. 1901. Thode Justus—The Botanical Regions of Natal Deter- mined by Altitude. Durban. : 1903. Bolus, H., and Wolley-Dod, A. H.—A list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Cape Peninsula. Trans. of S.A. Phil. Soc. 1908. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1912. 1912 1913. 1913. 1913. 1913 1915. 1916. 1916, 1916. 1917. 1917. 1917. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Stapf, O.—Die Gliederung der Graserflora von Sud Afrika. Festschrift-Ascherson, Berlin. Bolus, H.—Sketch of the Floral Regions of South Africa. Science in South Africa. Sim, T. R.—The Forests and Forest Flora of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. Aberdeen. Wood, J. M.—Handbook to the Flora of Natal. Schénland, S—A Study of Some of the Facts and Theories bearing upon the Question of the Origin of the Angios- permous Flora of South Africa. Trans. S.A. Phil. Soc. Vol. XVIII. Marloth, R.—Das Kapland. Jena. Wood, J. M—Revised List of the Flora of Natal. Trans. of S.A. Phil. Soc. Sim, T. R—Forest Flora and Forest Resources of Por- tuguese East Africa. Aberdeen. Wood, J. M.—Revised List of the Flora of Natal. Supple- ment. Trans. of Roy. Soc. of S.A. Bews, J. W—The Vegetation of Natal. Ann. Natal Mus. II: 3: Davy, J. Burtt and Pott-Leendertz, R. (Mrs.)—A_ First Check List of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Transvaal and Swaziland. Ann Transvaal Mvseum. Bews, J. W.—An oecological survey of the Midlands of Natal, with special reference to the Pietermaritzburg District. Ann. Natal Mus. II. 4. Dummer, R—A revision of the genus Alepidea, Delaroche, Trans. Roy. Soc. of S.A. Wood, J. M.—Addendum to the Revised List of the Flora of Natal. Trans. Roy. Soc. of S.A. to 1915—Marloth, R.—The Flora of South Africa. Vols. I. and IV. Capetown and London. Thonner, F.—The Flowering Plants of Africa. Engl. Edit. London. Bews, J. W.—The Growth Forms of Natal Plants. Trans. Roy. Soc. of S.A. Vol. V. : Bews, J. W.—An Account of the Chief Types of Vegeta- tion in South Africa with Notes on the Plant Succession. Journ. of Ecology IV. 3 and 4. Eyles, F—A Record of Plants Collected in Southern Rhodesia. Trans. Roy. Soc. of S. Africa. V. Bews, J. W.—South African Phytogeography. S.A. Geog. Journ. Vol. I. Bews, J. W.—The Plant Succession in the Thorn Veld. S.A. Journ. of Science. Bews, J. W.—The Plant Ecology of the Drakensberg Range. Ann. Natal Mus. IIL. 3. 1917, 1917, 1918. 1918. 1919. 1919. 1920. 1920. 1920. 1921. BIBLIOGRAPHY. a Phillips, E. P—A Contribution to the Flora of the Leribe Plateau and Environs. Ann. S.A. Mus. XVI. Phillips, E. P—A Revision of S.A. Material of the genus Cyphia Berg., and the genus Calpurnia E. Mey. Ann. of S.A. Mus. IX. Bews, J. W.—The Grasses and Grasslands of South Africa. Pietermaritzburg. Pole Evans, I. B—The Plant Geography of S. Africa. Union Official Year Book. Schénland, $S.—Phanerogamic Flora of Uitenhage and Port Elizabeth—Mem. No. 1 of Bot. Survey of S. Africa. Kotze, J. J., and Phillips, E. P—A note on the Genus Faurea Harv. S.A. Journal of Science. Bews, J. W.—Plant Succession and Plant Distribution in S. Africa. Annals of Botany, XXXIV. Bews, J. W.—The Plant Ecology of the Coast Belt of Natal. Annals of Natal. Mus. IV. 2. Pole Evans, I. B.—The Veld: Its Resources and Dangers. S.A. Journ. of Science. Bews, J. W.—Some General Principles of Plant Distribu- tion, as illustrated by the South African Flora. Annals of Botany. XXXV. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. . Ovules not enclosed in an ovary (GYMNOSPERMAE). 2, Ovules enclosed in an ovary (ANGIOSPERMAE). 4. . Leaves pinnately compound, large. 1 CYCADACEAE. Leaves simple. 3. . Seeds drupe like, surrounded by a fleshy aril. 2 TAXACEAE. Seeds in cones, dry. 3 PINACEAE. . Vascular bundles scattered. Leaves usually parallel veined. Flowers usually 3-merous. (MONOCOTYLEDONEAE.) 5 Vascular bundles in a ring. Leaves usually net veined. Flowers usually 5-merous. (DICOTYLEDONEAE.) 30 . Perianth wanting or rudimentary, or (in Potamogeton) anthers with sepal-like appendages. 6. Perianth present, or rarely present in male, wanting in female flowers. 11. . Flowers in the axils of chaff-like bracts arranged in spike- lets. 7. Flowers not in the axils of chaff-like bracts, etc. 8. . Stems solid. Leaf sheaths usually not split. Seed not adnate to the pericarp. Anthers usually basi-fixed. 10 CYPERACEAE. Stems usually hollow. Leaf sheaths split. Seeds adnate to the pericarp. Anthers versatile. 9 GRAMINEAE. . Minute floating aquatics, without differentiation into stem and leaves. 13 LEMNACEAE. Plants differentiated into stem and leaves. 9. . Ovaries several, separate or rarely 1 (in Zostera a marine plant). 5 POTAMOGETONACEAE. Ovary solitary. 10. Flowers surrounded by hairs. Seed coat not fleshy. 4 TYPHACEAE. Flowers not surrounded by hairs. Seed coat fleshy. 12 ARACEAE. Ovary superior. l2. Ovary inferior or half inferior. 24. Aquatic herbs with carpels 3—8, distinct. 6 APONOGETONACEAE. Carpels solitary or united, or if distinct then stem woody. 13. Perianth membranous, green or leathery, not petaloid. 14. Perianth, at least the inner whorl, petaloid. 20. Flowers in spadices. 15, Flowers not in spadices. ‘ 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. ai. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 9. . Woody plants. 11 PALMAE. Herbaceous plants. 12 ARACEAE. Anthers extrorse. Seeds exendospermic. (Triglochin) 7 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Anthers introrse. Seeds endospermic. 17. Anthers 1 celled. Flowers unisexual. Perianth dry. 15 RESTIONACEAE. Anthers 2 celled. 18. Flowers monoecious in heads surrounded by an involucre. 17 ERIOCAULACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous or dioecious. 19. Style 1 with 3 long, thin stigmas. Perianth dry. Leaves linear. 1 JUNCACEAE. Style 1 with 3 short thick stigmas or with 1 stigma or styles 3. 20 LILIACEAE. . Perianth all petaloid. al. Perianth differentiated into calyx and corolla. 23. Stamens 3. (Barberetta) 21 HAEMODORACEAE. Stamens 6. 22. . Endosperm mealy. 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit a berry. Leaves ending in a tendril. (Flagellaria). 14 FLAGELLARIACEAE. Endosperm fleshy. Ovules usually many. 20 LILIACEAE. . Ovary 1 celled. Leaves radical. Flowers in dense spikes. 16 XYRIDACEAE. Ovary 2-3 celled. Leaves alternate, bases sheathing. 17 COMMELINACEAE. . Stamen 1. Flowers irregular. 25. Stamens more than 1. 20. . Ovary 1 celled. Staminodes small or 0. 27 ORCHIDACEAE. Ovary 3 celled. Staminodes 1-3 petal like. 26 ZINGIBERACEAE. Stamens 2-4, usually 3, sometimes with sterile ones as well. 27. Stamens 5-6. 28. Flowers unisexual. Ovary 1 celled or incompletely 2 or more celled. (Lagarosiphon). 8 HYDROCHARITACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary 3 celled. 24 IRIDACEAE. Stamens 5 (Wild Bananas Strelitzia). 25 MUSACEAE. - Stamens 6. 29. Flowers unisexual. Stems usually climbing. 23 DIOSCOREACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stems not climbing. 22 AMARYLLIDACEAE. (4) Perianth wanting or simple or consisting of calyx and , corolla. Petais, if present, free or cohering slightly, but free at the base. (ARCHICHLAMYDEAE) 31. 10. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Perianth of calyx and corolla, with petals united at least at the base. (METACHLAMYDEAE or SYMPETALAE). 275 31. Perianth wanting or simple. 32. Perianth differentiated into calyx and corolla. 111. 32. Perianth absent in the hermaphrodite and female flowers, but sometimes replaced by bracteoles. 33. Perianth present in the hermaphrodite and female flowers. 42. 33. Ovary 1 celled. 39. Ovary 2-4 celled. 40. 34. Ovule 1. 35. Ovules numerous. 39. 35. Ovule pendulous (Figs. and Indian Hemp). 32 MORACEAE. Ovule basal or attached by a basal funicle. 36. 36. Ovule incurved. Embryo curved. Stigmas 2-5. Fruit dry. Flowers usually in glomerules or spike-like cymes. 39 CHENOPODIACEAE. Ovule straight. If fruit dry, then stigma 1. 37, 37. Flowers in fascicles. Stigma 1. Fruit dry. 33 URTICACEAE Flowers in spikes. Fruit succulent. 38. 38. Shrub. Flowers unisexual, stigmas 2. Fruit a drupe. Leaves exstipulate. (Myrica). 30 MYRICACEAE. Herbs or under shrubs. Flowers hermaphrodite, or, if uni- sexual, then leaves stipulate. Fruit a berry. 28 PIPERACEAE. 39. Trees or Shrubs (Salix). 29 SALICACEAE. Aquatic Herbs (Hydrostachys). 5) HY DROSTACHYACEAE, 40. Numerous ovules in each ovary cell. Styles 3-4. 64 MYROTHAMNACEAE. Ovules solitary in each ovary cell. 4l. 41. Ovary 2-3 celled. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. Ovary 4 celled. Styles 2 stamen 1. 81 CALLITRICHACEAE. 42. (32) Ovary superior, or nearly so. 43. Ovary inferior or half inferior. 97. 43. Ovary 1 entire or lobed. 44. Ovaries 2 or more, distinct or united at the base only. 93. 44. Ovary 1 celled. 45. Ovary 2 or more celled. 73. 45 Ovule 1. 46. Ovules 2 or more. 63. 46.O0vule erect or ascending or attached by basal funicle. 47. Ovule pendulous or descending. 56. 47. Ovule straight. 48. Ovule incurved or inverted. 51. 48. Styles 2-4. Fruit a nut. Herbs. 38 POLYGONACEAE. Style 1 or none. Stigmas 1 or more, "49, 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63 64. 65. B KEY TO THE FAMILIES. ul. . Leaves exstipulate. Stigmas 2. (Myrica). 30 MYRICACEAE. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate and then stigma 1. 50. . Juice milky. Trees. 32 MORACEAE. Juice not milky. Herbs and shrubs. 33 URTICACEAE. . Ovule incurved. Embryo curved. 52. Ovule inverted. Embryo straight or nearly, so. 54. . Perianth with valvate and folded aestivation, lobed. Base of perianth enlarged in the fruit, enclosing the nut. Flowers usually rather conspicuous. 41 NYCTAGINACEAE. Perianth not with valvate and folded aestivation, etc. Flowers inconspicuous. 53. Perianth more or less scarious or papery. Flowers with bracteoles. 40 AMARANTACEAE. Perianth more or less herbaceous or membraneous. Stigmas 25. 39 CHENOPODIACEAE. Leaves stipulate. 67 ROSACEAE. Leaves exstipulate. 55 Stamens 4, attached to the perianth segments. 34 PROTEACEAE. Stamens 5-15 free from perianth. Filaments united at the base. (Pisonia) 41 NYCTAGINACEAE. (46) Ovule straight. 57. Ovule incurved or inverted. 58. Perianth 4 parted. Stamens 4. Trees or shrubs. 34 PROTEACEAE. Leaves stipulate. 59. Leaves exstipulate. 61. Anthers 3-4 celled. (Macaranga). 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. Anthers 2 celled. 60. Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. 31 ULMACEAE, Figs with milky juice (Ficus) or herbs. 32 MORACEAE. Anthers opening by valves. Perianth segments 4 or 6. Seed exendospermic. ‘Trees or shrubs. 52 LAURACEAE. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. 62. ‘Stamens numerous. Flowers unisexual. (Xymalos.) 57 MONIMIACEAE. Stamens 8—10. Flowers hermaphrodite. 106 THYMELAEACEAE. (45) Ovules basal or inserted on a central placenta. 64. Ovules suspended from apex of cell or parietal. 67. Perianth of 2—3 minute scales. (Sphaerothylax) 58 PODOSTEMONACEAE. Perianth of 4—5 segments. 65. Leaves alternate. Stamens 5. 40 AMARANTACEAE. Leaves opposite or whorled. 66. 12. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 66. Stamens 5 or more. 43 AIZOACEAE. Stamens 1—2 (Pollichia). 45 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 67. (63) Ovules 2 suspended side by side. Fruit usually 1 seeded. 68. Ovules 2 one above the other or more than 2. 70. 68. Stamens as many as and alternate with perianth segments. Leaves exstipulate. 88 ICACINACEAE. Stamens opposite or more than perianth segments. 69. 69. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves exstipulate. 36 OLACACEAE. Flowers unisexual. Leaves stipulate. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. 70. Ovules attached to a single placenta. Fruit a legume. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. 2 or more placentas, or if 1 then fruit a berry. 71. 71. Perianth segments imbricate in the bud. Ovary sessile. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. Perianth segments valvate, or if imbricate, then ovary . stalked. 72. 72. Stamens perigynous. Ovary sessile or short stalked. Leaves exstipulate. 107 LYTHRACEAE. Stamens hypogynous, or if perigynous, ovary long stalked and leaves stipulate. 55 CAPPARIDACEAE. 73. (44) Ovules 1 in each ovary cell. 74. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. 82. 74. Ovules erect or ascending. 75. Ovules pendulous or descending. 78. 75. Style 1 with 1-3 stigmas. Leaves pinnate exstipulate. 89 SAPINDACEAE. Styles 2-10 free or united below. Leaves undivided or lobed. 76. 76. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate stipulate. 92 RHAMNACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs or shrubs with leaves exstipulate. 77. 77. Flowers solitary or in cymes. 43 AIZOACEAE. Flowers in racemes or spikes (Phytolacca). 42 PHYTOLACCACEAE. 78. (74) Flowers unisexual or polygamous. 79 Flowers hermaphrodite. 80. 79, Stamens perigynous; sometimes with staminodes. Ovary 2 celled, (Trichocladus) 66 HAMAMELIDACEAE. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary usually 3 celled. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. 80. Trees or shrub (Peddiea). 106 THYMELAEACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. 81. 81. Flowers very small. Perianth segments 4. Stamens 2, 4, or 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 13. 6, hypogynous. Ovary cells 2. (Lepidium). 54 CRUCIFERAE. Stamens perigynous. « 43 AIZOACEAE. (73) Flowers unisexual or polygamous. 83. Flowers hermaphrodite. 87. Style 1 with 2—6 stigmas. Leaves alternate exstipulate. 89 SAPINDACEAE. Styles 2 or more free or partly united. 84. Perianth segments valvate in bud united below. Filaments united. (Cola) 86 STERCULIACEAE. Perianth segments imbricate or open in bud. If valvate, then filaments free. 85. Fruit a berry or drupe. Stamens 10 or more. Leaves alter- nate. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. Fruit capsular or separating into mericarps. 86. Raphe dorsal. Leaves opposite exstipulate. Stamens 6. Shrub (Notobuxus). 82 BUXACEAE. Raphe ventral. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. (82) Ovary long stalked. Seeds exendospermic. 55 CAPPARIDACEAE, Ovary short stalked or sessile. 88. Stem herbaceous or woody at base only. 89. Stem woody throughout. 91. Style 1 or 1 sessile stigma. Seeds exendospermic. 107 LYTHRACEAE. Styles or sessile stigmas 2—5. 90. Stamen 1. Ovary 3 celled styles 3. Water plant (Tristicha). 58 PODOSTEMONACEAE. Stamens more than 1. Not water plants. 43 AIZOACEAE. Perianth segments united. (See 89). 107 LYTHRACEAE. Perianth segments free or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous or nearly so. 92. Perianth segments 5 valvate in the bud. (Grewia). 94 TILIACEAE. Perianth segments 3—8, imbricate or open in the bud. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. (43) Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Ovule 1 in each carpel. 94. Ovule erect. Perianth regular 4—5 parted. Fruit succulent. Leaves undivided exstipulate. (Phytolacca). 92 PHYTOLACCACEAE. Ovule pendulous, or if erect, perianth irregular. 95. Perianth segments united at least in the female flowers. Stamens perigynous. 67 ROSACEAE. 14. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Perianth segments free or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous. 96. 06. Flowers unisexual. Fruits fleshy. 49 MENISPERMACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruits dry. 48 RANUNCULACEAE. 97. (42) Shrubs parasitic on stems of trees and shrubs. 37 LORANTHACEAE. Non parasitic or parasitic only on roots. 98. 98. Ovary 1 celled. 99. Ovary 2 or more celled. 106. 99. Ovule 1. 100. Ovules 2 or more. 104. 100. Ovules erect, ascending, attached by an erect funicle or adnate to the ovary wall. 101. Ovule pendulous or descending. 102. 101. Ovule straight. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 1—5 opposite perianth segments. 33 URTICACEAE. Ovule inverted. Flowers usually in heads. Stamens, alter- nating with perianth segments. 148 COMPOSITAE. 102. Flowers unisexual. 32 MORACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. 103. 103. Stamens 2. Leaves large radical. (Gunnera). 114 HALORRHAGACEAE. Stamens 3—5. Leaves alternate. 43 AIZOACEAE. 104. (99) Stamens 8 or 10. 110 COMBRETACEAE Stamens 3—6. 105. 105. Styles 4. Ovules 4. Stamens 4. Petals in male flowers. (Laurembergia). 114 HALORRHAGACEAE. Style simple or wanting. 35 SANTALACEAE. 106. (98) Ovule 1 in each ovary cell. 107 Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 110. 107. Ovules erect or ascending. 108. Ovules pendulous or descending. 109. 108. Leaves opposité or whorled. 142 RUBIACEAE. Leaves alternate. 92 RHAMNACEAE. 109. Flowers in umbels or heads. 1146 UMBELLIFERAE. Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles or spikes. Water plant. (Myriophyllum). 114 HALORRHAGACEAE. 110. Flowers unisexual styles 2—6. (Begonia). 103 BEGONIACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Style 1. (Ludwigia). 113 OENOTHERACEAE. 111. Ovary superior or nearly so. 112. - Ovary inferior or half inferior. 240. ll2. Sepals 4, petals 4. Stamens 6 (4 longer, 2 shorter). Ovary : 1—2 celled, or transversely septate. Herbs or under- shrubs. 54 CRUCIFERAE. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 15. Stamens not 6, or if 6 then not 4 longer and 2 shorter, or flower different otherwise. 113. 113. Ovary 1. Entire or lobed. 114. Ovaries 2 or more distinct, or united at the base only. 226 114. Ovary 1 celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions or con- taining 1 or more empty rudimentary cells besides the fertile one. 115. Ovary 2 or more celled, the partitions sometimes not quite reaching the apex; or one cell only fertile, the others empty, but well developed. 156. 115. Ovule 1. 116. Ovules 2 or more. 126. 116. Ovule erect or ascending, or attached by a basal funicle. 117. Ovule pendulous or descending. 122. 117. Leaves stipulate. Sepals 5. 118. Leaves exstipulate. 120. 118. Stigmas 2—3. Flowers regular. 45 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Stigma 1. 119. 119. Style basal or nearly so. 67 ROSACEAE. Style terminal, or nearly so. Stamens 5—10. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. 120. (117) Sepals more than 2. 83 ANACARDIACEAE. Sepals 2. 121. 121. Leaves undivided. Style 3 parted. (Portulacaria). 44 PORTULACACEAE. Leaves dissected. Style simple. 53 PAPAVERACEAE. 122. (116) Leaves stipulate. 123. Leaves exstipulate. 124. 123. Flowers irregular. Style simple. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. Flowers regular. Styles 3—4 (Erythroxylon). 73 ERYTHROXYLACEAE. 124. Flowers unisexual. Stamens opposite or more than the petals. Leaves simple or digitate. 49 MENISPERMACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite -or polygamous, or. if unisexual stamiens alternating with the petals or leaves pinnate. 125. 125. Style simple. Stigma entire. Leaves undivided. 106 THYMELAEACEAE. Stigma lobed. Leaves pinnate. 83 ANACARDIACEAE. 126. (115) Ovules 2. 127. Ovules 3 or more. 138. 127. Ovules or their funicle erect or ascending. 128. Ovules or their funicle pendulous or descending. 133. 128. Ovules one above the other. If not, then flowers irregular and style terminal. 129. Ovules side by side. Flowers regular. If not, then style basal. 130. 16. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 129. Flowers regular. Stamens 5. (Waltheria). 96 STERCULIACEAE. Flowers irregular; if not, then stamens more than 5. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. 130. Leaves compound. Climber (Cnestis). 68 CONNARACEAE. Leaves simple, undivided, or, if dissected, then herbs. 131. 131. Styles 2. Leaves opposite. Herbs or under shrubs. 45 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Style 1. Stigma 1. If leaves opposite, then shrubs or trees. 132. 132. Leaves alternate. Style basal. 67 ROSACEAE. Leaves opposite. Style terminal or nearly so. 85 CELASTRACEAE. 133. Ovules one above the other. If not, flowers irregular, with 9—10 stamens. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. Ovules side by side. Flowers regular. If not, stamens 3—6. 134. 134. Ovules attached laterally. Stamens 3—5. Flowers usually unisexual. Leaves exstipulate, usually compound. 75 RUTACEAE. Ovules apical, rarely lateral, and then stamens more than 5. Leaves simple. ,135. 135. Stamens 4—5. Leaves exstipulate. 88 ICACINACEE. Stamens 10 or more. Leaves stipulate. 136. 136. Stamens 10, styles or stigmas 3—4. ! 73 ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Stamens i2 or more. 137. 137. Style 1. Stigma 1. Stamens 12—20. 67 ROSACEAE. Styles 2—6 or style 1, stigmas 2, and then stamens more than 20. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. 138. (126)Ovules basal or attached to a central placenta. 139. Ovules attached to one or more parietal placentas. 144. 139, Ovules basal. 140. Ovules attached to a central placenta. 141. 140 Style or sessile stigma 1 entire. (Pleurostylia). 85 CELASTRACEAE. Styles stigmas or stigma lobes 2—6. 45 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 141. Stamens 5 opposite petals. Fruit 1 seeded. (Embelia). 119 MYRSINACEAE. Stamens alternating with petals or fewer or more. 142. 142. Calyx valvate. Style 1. Stigmas 1 or 2. 107 LYTHRACEAE. Calyx imbricate. Style 1 with 3 or more stigmas or styles 2 or more. 143. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 17, 143. Sepals 2, leaves alternate. 44 PORTULACACEAE. Sepals 4—5. Leaves opposite. 45 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 144. (138)Ovules attached to 1 placenta. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. Ovules attached to 2 or more placentas. 145. 145. Herbs with glandular hairs and leaves in rosettes. Insectivorous. (Drosera). 57 DROSERACEAE. Not insectivorous herbs with glandular hairs. 146. 146. Herbs or undershrubs with irregular flowers in spikes or racemes. Alternate stipulate leaves and ovary open at the top. (Oligomeris). 56 RESEDACEAE. Ovary not open at top, etc. 147. 147. Sepals 2 (rarely 3). Petals 4 (rarely 6). Herbs. 53 PAPAVERACEAE. If sepals 2 or 3 and petals 4 or 6 then stem woody. 148. 148. Fertile stamens as many as petals or fewer. 149. Fertile stamens more than petals. 153. 149. Fertile stamens 2, 4 or 6. Flowers hermaphrodite. 55 CAPPARIDACEAE. Fertile stamens 5, or if 4 or 6, flowers unisexual. 150. 150. Sepals 3 united. Petals 3 or climbing plants with unisexual flowers. 101 PASSIFLORACEAE. Sepals free or nearly so, or not 3, or not climbing piants. 151. 151. Staminodes present. Anthers opening by pores. (Ochna). 97 OCHNACEAE. Staminodes wanting. 152. 152, Leaves stipulate. Flowers more or less irregular. Placentas 3. 99 VIOLACEAE. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers regular. Tree. (Pittosporum). 62 PITTOSPORACEAE.. 153. Leaves usually pinnate. Filaments united throughout their whole length. 77 MELIACEAE. Leaves simple or digitate. Filaments free or united in bundles, or at the base only. 154. 154. Filaments united in 3—5 bundles. Leaves opposite undivided exstipulate. 98 GUTTIFERAE. Filaments free or united at the base only. | 155. 155. Sepals 4 or ovary long stalked. 55 CAPPARIDACEAE. Sepals not 4 or ovary sessile. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. 156. (114) Ovule 1 in each ovary cell. 157. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 180. 157. Ovules erect or ascending. 158. Ovules pendulous, descending or horizontal. 167. 158. Disc outside the stamens, sometimes one-sided or broken up into several glands. Leaves alternate compound, or if simple, then stamens 8—10. 159. Disc or glands within or between the stamens or wanting, 18. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. or if outside then leaves simple and stamens 4—6. 160. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5, stamens 4—5. Ovary 4 celled. Seeds endospermic. (Bersama). 909 MELIANTHACEAE. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds exendospermic. 89 SAPINDACEAE. Petals and stamens hypogynous. 161. Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Leaves simple stipulate. Shrubs and trees. 166. Sepals 3. Petals 3or 6. Shrubs or trees. 50 ANONACEAE. Sepals 4—5, rarely 2. Petals 3—5. 162. Sepals 5 valvate in bud. Leaves simple stipulate. 163. Sepals imbricate in the bud, or if valvate, then only 2 leaves. Exstipulate. 164. Anthers 1 celled. Stamens numerous and united, ovary 3 or more celled. 95 MALVACEAE. Anthers 2 celled, stamens 5, or if more, ovary 2 celled. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Leaves opposite. 98 GUTTIFERAE. Leaves alternate. 165. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. 77 MELIACEAE. Leaves simple. Herbs or undershrubs (Limeum). 43 AIZOACEAE. (160)Stamens opposite petals. 92 RHAMNACEAE. Stamens alternate with petals. 85 CELASTRACEAE. (157) Flowers unisexual. 168. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 170. . Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees. 83 ANACARDIACEAE. Leaves simple. 169. Ovary slightly sunk, 2 celled, styles 2. (Trichocladus). 66 HAMAMELIDACEAE, Ovary wholly superior, usually 3 celled. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 3—5. Stamens 8, united into a split tube. Leaves simple. 79 POLYGALACEAE. Flowers regular or nearly so, or if distinctly irregular, then leaves compound. 171. Filaments free. 172. Filaments united at least at the base. 176. Disc present ring, cushion or cup shaped. 173. Disc absent, leaves simple. 175; Leaves stipulate Herb. (Tribulus). 74 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Leaves exstipulate shrubs or trees or undershrubs. 174. Flowers polygamous. 83 ANACARDIACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves gland dotted. 75 RUTACEAE. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 1g. 175. Sepals united into a minute 4-5 toothed calyx. (Ximenia) 36 OLACACEAE. Sepals free or united at base only. (Climbers.) 78 MALPIGHIACEAE. 176. Stamens numerous. Anthers 1 celled. Calyx valvate. 95 MALVACEAE. Stamens 5—lz. Anthers 2 celled. Calyx imbricate or open. 177. 177. Style 1 with 1 or 2 stigmas. Leaves compound exstipulate. 71 MELIACEAE. Styles 2—5, free or united, but with stigmas not contiguous. 178. 178. Stamens 5. (Linum). 72 LINACEAE. Stamens 10—Iz2, 179. 179. Herbs. Ovary 5 celled, styles 5. (Oxalis). 71 OXALIDACEAE. Shrubs or trees, ovary 1—4 celled. 73 ERYTHROXYLACEAE 180. (156) Ovules 2 in each ovary cell. 181. Ovules 3 or more in each ovary cell. 208. 181. Style 1, or styles 2 or more, united to base of stigmas, or 1 sessile stigma. 182. Styles 2 or more, free or united below, or 2 or more sessile stigmas. 199. 182. Stamens as many as, or fewer than the petals. 183. Stamens more than the petals. 189. 183. Stamens as many as, and opposite the petals. 184. Stamens alternate with the petals or fewer. 185. 184. Petals valvate. Filaments free. Ovary 2 celled. Fruit a berry. 93 VITACEAE. Petals imbricate. Filaments not free. Ovary 2 or more celled. Fruit a capsule. 96 STERCULIACEAE. 185. Shrub with 4 large spines in leaf axils. Flowers dioecious. (Azima). 87 SALVADORACEAE. Leaf axils not with 4 large spines. 186. 186. Anthers extrorse. Stamens 3. Ovary 3 celled (Salacia). 86 HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Stamens not 3 with ovary 3 celled. 187. 187. Leaves gland dotted, exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines. 75 RUTACEAE. Leaves not gland dotted, stipulate. 188. 188. Sepals valvate, coloured, hooded at the point, and dorsally mucronate. (Triumfetta) 94 TILIACEAE. Sepals with imbricate or open aestivation. 85 CELASTRACEAE. 189, Trees with thick resinous bark. Receptacle concave, sepals 4, petals 4. 20. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Ovary 2—3 celled. (Commiphora) 746 BURSERACEAE. Plants differing from Commiphora in one or more respects. 190 190. Trees with opposite or whorled, stipulate leaves and both sepals and petals valvate or induplicate-valvate in the bud. 109 RHIZOPHORACEAE. Leaves alternate or exstipulate or either sepals or petals or both imbricate in the bud or herbs. 191. 191. Stamens numerous, all united. Anthers 1 celled. $5 MALVACEAE. Stamens free, or if united, then anthers 2 celled. 192. 192, Leaves opposite undivided exstipulate. Stamens numerous. 98 GUTTIFERAE. Leaves alternate or stipulate or stamens definite. 193. 193. Filaments united at least at the base. 194. Filaments free or united in bundles. 196. 194. Sepals valvate in the bud. 9§6 STERCULIACEAE. Sepals imbricate in the bud. 195. 195. Stigmas 5. Herbs or undershrubs. 70 GERANIACEAE. Stigmas 1—3. Trees or shrubs. 77 MELIACEAE. 196. Herbs with 5 lobed, 5 celled beaked ovary. Leaves stipulate. 70 GERANIACEAE. Trees or shrubs, or if herbs then ovary not 5 lobed, 5 celled and beaked. 197. 197. Leaves simple stipulate, not gland dotted. Sepals valvate. 94 TILIACEAE. Leaves exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines. 198. 198. Leaves gland dotted. Flowers mostly regular. 75 RUTACEAE. Leaves not gland dotted. Flowers irregular or stamens fewer than twice the petals. 89 SAPINDACEAE. 199, (181) Stamens as many to twice as many as the petals. 200. Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. 205. 200. Filaments free. 201. Filaments united at least at the base. 203. 201. Leaves gland dotted exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines. 75 RUTACEAE. Leaves stipulate but stipules sometimes small and caducous. 202. 202. Leaves opposite or whorled. (Cunonia). 63 CUNONIACEAE. Leaves alternate. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. 203. Flowers unisexual. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. 204. 204A. Sepals valvate in the bud united below. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Sepals imbricate in the bud. (Oxalis). 71 OXALIDACEAE. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. al. 205. Leaves opposite exstipulate. (Hypericum). 98 GUTTIFERAE. Leaves alternate stiputate. 206. 206. Anthers 1 celled. 95 MALVACEAE. Anthers 2 celled. 207. 207. Filaments free. 94 TILIACEAE. Filaments united. 96 STERCULIACEAE. 208. (180) Anthers 5 opening at apex united. Posterior sepal spurred. Succulent herbs. (Impatiens). 91 BALSAMINACEAE. Flowers not as in Impatiens. 209. 209. “Water lilies” with large cordate or peltate, floating leaves, and numerous petals and stamens. (Nymphaea). 46 NYMPHAEACEAE. Not water lilies as above. 210. 210. Herbs with usually trifloliate leaves, 10 stamens united at base, 5 alternate shorter, styles 5, ovary 5 lobed, 5 celled. (Oxalis). 71 OXALIDACEAE. Flowers not as in Oxalis. all. 211. Tree with pinnate leaves and ovate deciduous stipules. Calyx 5 parted deciduous, stamens 10, ovary 2 celled, styles 2 diverging, fruit 2 horned capsule separating from a cen- tral column. (Cunonia) 63 CUNONIACEAE. Plants and flowers not as in Cunonia. a2lz2. 2l2. Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals. 213. Stamens twice as many as petals or more. 218. 213. Calyx valvate in the bud. 214. Calyx imbricate or open. 215. 214. Stammens united at base hypogynous. 96 STERCULIACEAE Stamens free perigynous. 107 LYTHRACEAE. 215. Leaves pellucid dotted aromatic alternate exstipulate. (Heteropyxis) 111 MYRTACEAE. Leaves not pellucid dotted. 216. 216. Leaves opposite. (Salacia) 86 HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Leaves alternate. 217. 217. Leaves pinnate. (Melianthus) 90 MELIANTHACEAE. Leaves simple. 85 CELASTRACEAE. 218. (212)Filaments united in a tube at least at the base. 219. Filaments free or united in several bundles. 221. 219. Anthers 1 celled. 95 MALVACEAE. Anthers 2 celled. 220. 220. Sepals valvate. Leaves stipulate. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Sepals imbricate in bud. Leaves exstipulate. 77 MELIACEAE. 221. Herbs with opposite entire exstipulate leaves and numerous stamens in 3—5 parcels (Hypericum) 98 GUTTIFERAE. Not as in Hypericum. 222. 22. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229, 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Petals and usually stamens perigynous. Leaves undivided. 223 Petals and stamens hypogynous. 224. Anthers opening by 1—2 apical pores. 112 MELASTOMACEAE. Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits. 107 LYTHRACEAE. Calyx with valvate aestivation. 94 TILIACEAE. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. 225. Disc outside the stamens. 909 MELIANTHACEAE. Disc within the stamens. 75 RUTACEAE. (113) Stamens united in a tube. Anthers 1 celled. 95 MALVACEAE. Stamens free or, if united, anthers 2 celled. 227. Ovules 1 in each carpel. 228, Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. 235. Styles united below or throughout. 229. Styles free or loosely cohering above. 230. Leaves stipulate. Receptacle somewhat elongated. (Ochna) 97 OCHNACEAE. Leaves exstipulate. Receptacle forming a disc. . 89 SAPINDACEAE. Leaves opposite exstipulate. 231. Leaves alternate (at least the lower) or all radical. 232. Herbs usually fleshy, not climbing. (Crassula). 60 CRASSULACEAE. Shrubs usually climbing. (Clematis). 48 RANUNCULACEAE. Leaves stipulate. 67 ROSACEAE. Leaves exstipulate. 233. Flowers unisexual. Sepals 6 or more. 49 MENISPERMACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite or, if not, then sepals 2—3. 234. Stem woody. Leaves entire or toothed. Sepals 2—3. 50 ANNONACEAE. Stem herbaceous or woody below. 48 RANUNCULACEAE. (227) Leaves stipulate. 236. Leaves exstipulate. 237. Petals and stamens perigynous. 67 ROSACEAE. Petals and stamens hypogynous. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Sepals 2—3. Petals 3—6. Stamens 6—many. 50 ANONACEAE. Sepals 4 or more, or if 3 then stamens 3. 238. Stem herbaceous. Ovules usually numerous. 60 CRASSULACEAE. Stem woody throughout. Ovules 2. 239. Stamens 10. Climber. (Cnestis). 68 CONNARACEAE. Stamens 3—5. Trees. (Fagara). 75 RUTACEAE. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 23. 240. (111) Herbs with long stems and tendrils. Flowers uni- sexual, regular, or nearly so, Fruit a berry or gourd. 145 CUCURBITACEAE. Plants or flowers not as above. 241. 241. Ovules not distinct from placenta. Parasites on trees and shrubs. 37 LORANTHACEAE. Ovules distinct. Not parasites. 242. 242. Mangrove trees with vivipary growing in brackish water. 109 RHIZOPHORACEAE. Not mangroves. 243. 243. Ovary 1 celled, sometimes incompletely chambered. 244. Ovary 2 or more celled, rarely 2 or more distinct ovaries. 250. 244. Ovule 1. 116 UMBELLIFERAE. Ovules 2 or mare. 245. 245. Ovules basal or on a free central placenta. 246. Ovules apical or on a parietal placenta. 248. 246. Sepals 2. (Portulaca). 44 PORTULACACEAE. Sepals 4~8. 247. 247. Stamens numerous. Petals 5, ovules 2. Leaves alternate stipulate. 67 ROSACEAE. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals. 248a. 248a. Leaves exstipulate. Stamens twice as many as petals. 112 MELASTOMACEAE. Leaves stipulate. Stamens as many as petals. (Pleurostylia). 85 CELASTRACEAE. 248. Ovules apical. Trees or shrubs. 110 COMBRETACEAE. Ovules parietal. 249. 249. Ovary inferior. Fleshy almost leafless plants. 104 CACTACEAE. Ovary half inferior. Leafy trees and shrubs. 100 FLACOURTIACEAE. 250. (243) Ovules solitary in each ovary cell. 251. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 261. 251. Ovules erect or ascending. 252. Ovules pendulous or descending. 254. 252. Stamens 10 or more. 67 ROSACEAE. ' Stamens 4—5. 253. 253. Stamens alternating with petals. 85 CELASTRACEAE. Stamens opposite petals. 92 RHAMNACEAE. 254. Ovary 2 celled. 255 Ovary 3 or more celled. 260. 255. Style 1, stigma 1. Flowers 4-merous. 256. Style with 2—4 stigmas or styles 2—3. 257. 256. Flowers unisexual in cymes. Trees or shrubs, leaves opposite. (Cornus). 117 CORNACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite solitary. Herbs. (Trapa). 113 OENOTHERACEAE. 4. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 257. Fruit capsular, or if dicoccus then ovary half inferior and leaves small and heath like. Leaves simple undivided. 258. Fruit a schizocarp, or rarely a nut or drupe. Leaves usually either compound or deeply divided. 259, 258. Leaves stipulate. Flowers unisexual. (Trichocladus). 66 HAMAMELIDACEAE. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. (Berardia). 65 BRUNIACEAE. 259. Fruit a schizocarp, rarely a nut and then as usually stem herbaceous. Epigynous disc usually 2 parted. 116 UMBELLIFERAE. Fruit a drupe or nut. Stem woody throughout.. 115 ARALIACEAE. 260. (254) Leaves compound or more or less deeply divided. 115 ARALIACEAE. Leaves simple undivided coarsely toothed. (Curtisia). 117 CORNACEAE. 261. (250) Ovules 2—4 in each ovary cell. 262. Ovules more than 4 in each ovary cell. 266. 262. Stamens as many as petals or fewer. 263. Stamens twice as many as petals or more. 264. 263. Stamens opposite petals. Leaves opposite exstipulate. (Olinia) 105 OLINIACEAE. Stamens alternating with petals. Leaves stipulate. 85 CELASTRACEAE. 264. Leaves stipulate. Style or stigmas 2—5. 67 ROSACEAE. Leaves exstipulate, style 1, stigma 1. 265. 265. Leaves opposite gland dotted. 111 MYRTACEAE. Leaves alternate. (Barringtonia) 108 LECYTHIDACEAE. 266. (261) Water lilies. (See 209). (Nymphaea). 46 NYMPHAEACEAE. Not water lilies. 267. 267, Herbs with petals and stamens, both very numerous. Cap- sules opening at top. Leaves usually opposite, thick and fleshy. (Mesembrianthemum) 43 AIZOACEAE. Not as described for Mesembrianthemum. 268. 268. Herbs with monoecious flowers. Male with many stamens. Female with a 3-winged perianth tube adnate to ovary, and a 4—9 parted coloured limb. (Begonia). 103 BEGONIACEAE. Plants not as described for Begonia. 269. 269. Styles 2. Flowers small green. Shrub with entire alternate leaves. (Choristylis) 61 SAXIFRAGACEAE. Style 1 with 1 or more stigmas. 270. 270. Stamens as many ot twice as many as petals. 271. Stamens more than twice as many petals. 274. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 25. 271. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens twice as many as petals, rarely as many, and then leaves with small stipules. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. 113 OENOTHERACEAE. Sepals imbricate or open, or if valvate then stamens as many as petals or leaves without stipules, or anthers opening by apical pores. 272, 272. eaves opposite or whorled. 112 MELASTOMACEAE. Leaves alternate. 273. 273. Stem herbaceous or woody at base. 1446 CAMPANULACEAE. Stem woody throughout. 85 CELASTRACEAE. 274. Leaves alternate. (Barringtonia) 108 LECYTHIDACEAE. Leaves opposite gland dotted. 111 MYRTACEAE. 275. (30) Stamens numerous united in a tube. Anthers 1 celled. 95 MALVACEAE. Stamens free, or if united, then not numerous or 2-celled. 276. 276. Shrubs with ericoid leaves. Flowers 4-merous. Stamens usually 8, ovary 4-celled, rarely 8 celled. © 118 ERICACEAE. Not as for Ericaceae. 277. 277. Anthers adhering to a central style. Pollen in pollen masses. Corona usually present. Juice milky. Carpels 2. 128 ASCLEPIADACEAE. Not as in Asclepiadaceae. 278. 278. Style thickened at apex (sometimes 2 lobed), bearing the stigmas on the under surface of the thickened part. Anthers sometimes adhering to style, but filaments free. Juice milky, mostly trees and shrubs. 127 APOCYNACEAE. Not as in Apocynaceae. 279. 279. Ovary superior or nearly so. 280. Ovary inferior to half inferior. 346. 280. Herbs with 10 stamens united at base, the 5 alternate shorter. Ovary 5 lobed, 5 celled. Styles 5. (Oxalis). 71 OXALIDACEAE. Not as for Oxallis. 281. 281. Ovary 1. 282. Ovaries 2 or more, more or less distinct. 342. 282. Ovary 1 celled. 283. Ovary 2 or more celled. 305. 283. Ovule 1. 284. Ovules 2 or more. 287. 284. Styles or style branches 5. Stamens 5 opposite petals. 121 PLUMBAGINACEAE. Style 1. 285. 26. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Stamens inserted at base of corolla. 41 NYCTAGINACEAE. Stamens inserted at or above middle of corolla. 286. Stamens fewer than corolla divisions 4. 131 VERBENACEAE. Stamens as many as divisions of corolla. 40 AMARANTACEAE. Ovules attached to 1 parietal placenta or stamens more than corolla lobes. 69 LEGUMINOSAE. Ovules attached to 2 or more parietal placentas or stamens as many as corolla lobes or fewer. 288. Ovules 2. 289. Ovules 3 or more. 291. Stamens opposite corolla lobes. (Waltheria). 96 STERCULIACEAE. Stamens alternating with corolla lobes. 290. Ovules erect. Style 2 parted, or if simple then herbs. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Ovules pendulous. Style simple or wanting, shrubs or trees. 88 ICACINACEAE. Ovules basal or on a free central placenta. 292. Ovules parietal. t 297. Style 3 cleft. Sepals 2. (Portulaca). 44 PORTULACACEAE. Style simple or 2 cleft. 293. Stamens as many as and opposite corolla lobes. 294. Stamens fewer than or alternating with corolla lobes. 295. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs. 120 PRIMULACEAE. Fruit a nut berry or drupe. Leaves alternate, gland dotted. 119 MYRSINACEAE. Stamens 5. Flowers regular. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Stamens 2 or 4. 296. Herbs. Leaves alternate or radical. Stigma sessile. 139 LENTIBULARIACEAE. Leaves opposite or whorled. Style present. 131 VERBENACEAE. (291) Style 3—10 cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. : 102 ACHARIACEAE. Style 1 or 2 cleft. 298. Fertile stamens fewer than corolla lobes 1—4. 299. Fertile stamens, as many as or more than corolla lobes. 301. Fertile stamen 1. Staminodes 3. Herbs. Leaves opposite. 126 GENTIANACEAE, Fertile stamens 2 or 4. 300. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 3l2. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 27. Fertile stamens 2. Herbs. (Streptocarpus). 138 GESNERACEAE. Fertile stamens 4. Trees or shrubs. 136 BIGNONIACEAE. Stamens as many as corolla lobes. 302. Stamens more than corolla lobes. 304. Leaves alternate. Tree. (Pittosporum). 62 PITTOSPORACEAE. Leaves opposite or whorled, or if not, then herbaceous. 303. Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, usually stipulate. Flowers 4-merous. 125 LOGANIACEAE. Stem herbaceous or, if not, flower 5-merous. Leaves ex- stipulate. 126 GENTIANACEAE. Sepals 4—5. Corolla lobes 4—5. Stamens 8—10. 77 MELIACEAE. Sepals 3, corolla lobes 6, stamens numerous. 50 ANONACEAE. (282) Corolla scarious regular, 4 lobed. Stamens 4, stigma 1. 141 PLANTAGINACEAE. Corolla more or less irregular, or if regular, stamens 2 or stigmas 2. 306. Ovary 2 celled. 307. Ovary 3 or more celled. 326. Ovules solitary in each ovary cell. 308. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 314. Fertile stamens 2 or 4. 309. Fertile stamens 5 or more. 312. Corolla regular, stamens 2. 124 OLEACEAE. Corolla more or less irregular. 310. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. 135 SELAGINACEAE. Leaves opposite or whorled. 311. Seeds borne on a hook like outgrowth of the funicle. 140 ACANTHACEAE. Seeds not on a hook like outgrowth of funicle. 131 VERBENACEAE. Flowers irregular. 79 POLYGALACEAE. Flowers regular or nearly so. 313. . Flowers unisexual. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite. 122 SAPOTACEAE. . (307) Flowers irregular. Seeds borne on a hook like out- growth of funicle. 140 ACANTHACEAE. Seeds not borne on a hook like outgrowth of funicle. 315. _ Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite stipulate or connected by transverse lines or ridges. Flowers often nearly regular. Stamens 4—6, as many as petals. 125 LOGANIACEAE. Not as for Loeganiaceae. 316. 28. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329, 330. 331. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Stamens 10—30. Tree. (Euclea). 123 EBENACEAE. Stamens less than 10. 317. Flowers regular or nearly so. 318. Flowers more or less irregular. 324. Leaves opposite, or whorled, or compound, or stamens 2, 319. Leaves alternate, usually simple. Stamens more than 2. 321. Corolla contorted. Ovules numerous. 126 GENTIANACEAE. Corolla valvate or imbricate, but not contorted. 320. Stamens 2. Not epiphytic. 124 OLEACEAE. Stamens 5. Epiphytic on trees. (Dermatobotrys). 134 SCROPHULARIACEAE. Ovules 2 in each ovary cell. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Ovules more than 2 in each ovary cell. 322 Tufted, usually submerged aquatic. (Limnanthemum). 126 GENTIANACEAE. Not aquatic. ; 323. Stamens free from corolla. (Lightfootia). 146 CAMPANULACEAE. Stamens attached to corolla. SOLANACEAE. Fruit 2 horned or its cells incompletely divided by false septa. Lower leaves often opposite. Plants with glandu- lar hairs. Endosperm scanty. 137 PEDALIACEAE. Not as for Pedaliaceae. 325. Leaves simple. Seeds endospermic. 134 SCROPHULARIACEAE. Leaves compound, seeds exendospermic. 136 BIGNONIACEAE. (306) Ovule 1 in each ovary cell. 327. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 334. Stamens as many as, and alternating with, corolla lobes or fewer. 328. Stamens as many as, and opposite corolla lobes, or more. 332. Flowers unisexual regular. Petals united only at base. Tree. (Ilex). 84 AQUIFOLIACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. 329, Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Corolla imbricate or contorted. 330. Stamens as many as corolla lobes. Leaves usually alternate. Flowers more or less regular. 130 BORRAGINACEAE. Stamens usually fewer than corolla lobes. Leaves usually opposite. 331. Ovary deeply divided. Fruit dry. 132 LABIATAE. Ovary entire, or if not, fruit succulent. 131 VERBENACEAE. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. 349. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 29. Style 1 undivided. 122 SAPOTACEAE. Styles 2 or more. 333. Leaves exstipulate. Trees or shrubs. 123 EBENACEAE. Leaves stipulate or, if not, herbs or undershrubs. 80 EUPHORBIACEAE. (326) Ovules 2 in each ovary cell. 335. Ovules 3 or more in each ovary cell. 338. Stamens as many as, and alternating with, corolla lobes or fewer. 336. Stamens as many as, and opposite, corolla lobes or more. 337. Tree. Flowers unisexual. (Ilex). 84 AQUIFOLIACEAE. Herbs or climbers. Flowers hermaphrodite. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Style 1, undivided. 77 MELIACEAE. Styles 2—8, free or partly united. 123 EBENACEAE. Stamens numerous, or, if 5, then opposite corolla lobes. 339. Stamens 4—5; if 5, then alternating with corolla lobes. 340. Herb. Corolla with many divisions, styles 5. (Orygia). 43 AIZOACEAE. Corolla of 5 divisions. 96 STERCULIACEAE. Stamens 5. 133 SOLANACEAE. Stamens 4. 341. Stigma 1. (Bowkeria). 134 SCROPHULARIACEAE. Stigmas 2. 137 PEDALIACEAE. (281) Style 1. 343. Styles 2 or more entirely free. 344. Fertite stamens 2 or 4. Flowers irregular. 132 LABIATAE. Stamens 5. Flowers more or less regular. 130 BORRAGINACEAE. Styles 2. 129 CONVOLVULACEAE. Styles 3 or more. 345. Sepals 2—3. 50 ANONACEAE. Sepals 4 or more. 60 CRASSULACEAE. (279) Parasites on trees or shrubs. Ovules not distinct. 37 LORANTHACEAE. Not stem parasites. Ovules distinct. 347. Herbs with long stems and tendrils. Flowers unisexual, regular or nearly so. Fruit a berry or gourd. 145 CUCURBITACEAE. Not as in Cucurbitaceae. 348. Stamens 3 free. Vlei herb with pinnate leaves. Flowers in cymes. (Valeriana) 143 VALERIANACEAE. Not as for Valeriana. 349. Sepals 2.Petals 46. Slightly connate at base. Stamens 8 or many. Ovary many ovuled. (Portulaca). 44 PORTULACACEAE. 30. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Not as for Portulaca. 350. 350. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Stipules interpetiolar. Stamens free, as many as petals. Ovary usually 2 or more celled. 142 RUBIACEAE. Leaves alternate, or if opposite, not with interpetiolar stipules. 351. 351. Ovary 1 celled. 352. Ovary 2 or more celled. 356. 352. Ovule 1. Flowers usually in heads. 353. ~Ovules more than 1. 354. 353. Stamens 2 or 4 free. 144 DIPSACEAE. Stamens 5. Anthers united. 148 COMPOSITAE. 354. Succulent leafless plant, with numerous stamens. (Rhipsalis). 104 CACTACEAE. Stamens 5. Leafy plants. 355, 355. Sea shore herb. (Samolus). 120 PRIMULACEAE. Shrubs or trees. (Maesa). 119 MYRSINACEAE. 356. Ovules 1 in each ovary cell. 357. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary cell. 358. 357. Corolla irregular. Strand plant. Leaves large, fleshy. (Scaevola). 147 GOODENIACEAE. Corolla regular. Leaves small. (Berardia). 65 BRUNIACEAE. 358. Stamens as many as or fewer than corolla lobes. 1446 CAMPANULACEAE., Stamens more than corolla lobes. 359. 359. Petals numerous. Herbs. (Mesembrianthemum). 43 AIZOACEAE. Petals 3—6. Shrubs or trees. 360. 360. Petals united at base. Filaments united at base. 108 LECYTHIDACEAE. Petals united. Filaments free or nearly so. 111 MYRTACEAE. 1, CYCADACEAE—3. PINACEAE. 31. CYCADALES. FAMILY 1—CYCADACEAE. Stems simple, rarely branched, woody with mucilaginous juice. Leaves large, pinnate. Male cones with large micro sporophylls bearing numerous pollen sacs on under surface. Female cones bearing large mega sporophylls each with 2 ovules (in S. African species). Seeds drupe like. 2 genera 8 species. 1. Leaf pinnae with parallel veins. 1. ENCEPHALARTOS. Leaf pinnae with a midrib and pinnate veins. 2 STANGERIA. 1. ENCEPHALARTOS Lehm. “umNgqabe.” 1. altensteinii Lehm. Fairly common in rocky places. Coast and Midlands. Thorn Veld. . brachyphyllus Lehm. Ngoya, Zululand, 2-3,000 ft. . caffer, Mig. Midlands. . ghellinckit Lehm. Coast to Drakensberg. lehmannii Lehm. Coast belt. . longifolius Lehm. . villosus Lehm. Coast belt. 8. woodii Sand. Zululand, rare. 2. STANGERIA. T. Moore. “im Fingo.” paradoxa Moore. Coast and Midlands. Fairly common. NAMN+ Wh CONIFERAE. FAMILY 2—TAXACEAE. Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers dioecious. “Stamens” with 2—9 pollen sacs. “Carpels” free 1 ovuled. Seeds drupelike. 1 genus 3 species. PODOCARPUS L/Herit. “Yellow wood.” 1. latifolia (Thb) R. Br. Dominant in many forests. Mid- lands and Drakensberg. “umSonti.” 2. elongata (Ait) L’Herit. Subdominant or dominant in many forests. Midlands and Drakensberg “umKoba.” 3. falcata (Thb.) R.Br. Dominant in Southern Drakens- berg forest. FAMILY 3—PINACEAE. Stems woody. Leaves needle or scale like. “Stamens” with usually 2 pollen sacs underneath. Carpels with usually 2 ovules 1 genus 1 species. 32. 4. TYPHACEAE—6. APONOGETONACEAE. WIDDRINGTONIA Endl. (Callitris Vent). draco-montana Stapf. (cupressoides Endl.) Common along streams in Drakensberg. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE. FAMILY 4—TYPHACEAE. Aquatic or marsh herbs with creeping rootstock and erect simple stems. Leaves linear sheathing. Flowers unisexual, with- out a perianth, but usually surrounded by hairs, arranged in dense cylindrical inflorescences. Stamens 2—7. Ovary 1 celled. Ovule 1 pendulous. Fruit dry. 1 genus 1 species. TYPHA. Tourn. latifolia L. subsp. capensis Rohrb. Common in marshes and along streams. Often mixed with sedges and Phragmites. FAMILY 5—POTAMOGETONACEAE. Aquatic herbs. Leaves with axillary scales. Flowers uni- sexual or hermaphrodite, regular. Perianth rudimentary or want- ing. Stamens 1—4. Carpels several, rarely (Zostera) 1. Ovules 1 in each carpel. Fruit indehiscent. 3 genera 9 species. 1. Stamens 4. Anthers with sepal-like appendages. : 1 POTAMOGETON. Stamens 1. 2. 2. Carpel 1. Submerged marine plant. 2 ZOSTERA. Carpels usually 4. 3 ZANNICHELLIA. 1. POTAMOGETON... Tourn. 1. fluitans Roth. subsp americanus var thunbergii. . crispus L. Coastbelt and Midlands. . mucronatus Schrad. Coastbelt. . javanicus Hassk. Midlands. . lucens L. Coastbelt and Midlands. .matans L. Coastbeit. . pusillus L. Coastbelt. 2. ZOSTERA L. nana Roth. Along seashore, usually near river mouths. 3. ZANNICHELLIA Mich. palustris L. Coastbelt. NDuhp wh FAMILY 6—APONOGETONACEAE. Aquatic herbs with tuberous rootstock and radical leaves. Flowers*in 1—4 spikes connected at base, rising above the water. Perianth segments 1—3. Stamens 6 or more. Carpels 3—8 dis- 7. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE—9. GRAMINEAE. 33. tinct. ' Ovules 2—8 in each carpe]. Fruits dehiscent. 1 genus 2 species. APONOGETON Thb. 1. natalense Oliv. Common all over. 2. spathaceum var junceum. Hk. f. Common in moist spots. All over, Mont Aux Sources, 9,500 ft. FAMILY 7—SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Marsh herbs with linear radical leaves. Flowers in spikes regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth segments 6, green. Stamens 3—6. Ovary 3—6 celled. Ovule 1 in each cell. 1 genus 3 species. TRIGLOCHIN L. . 1. bulbosum [. Coast and Midlands. 2. laxiflorum Gass. Coastbelt. Mudflats. 3. striatum Ruiz and Pav. Coastbelt. FAMILY 8—HYDROCHARITACEAE. Aquatic herbs. Leaves with axillary scales. Flowers, enclosed when young by 1 or 2 bracts, usually unisexual. Perianth simpie or of calyx and corolla. Stamens 2—1l2. Ovary inferior 1 celled. Placentas parietal. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 1 species. LAGAROSIPHON Harv. muscoides Harv. var major Ridl. Swamps near Greytown. FAMILY 9—GRAMINEAE. Grasses. Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate in 2 rows, consisting of (a) a sheath, (b) a blade, and (c) a ligule, placed transversely between sheath and blade. Flowering axis is the culm. Main inflorescence a spike, a raceme or a panicle. Ulti- mate branch of inflorescence is the spikelet, consisting of an axis (the rachilla), which bears scalelike bracts. 2 lowest bracts are glumes, others are valves with flowers in their axils sub- tended behind by pales. Valves may be empty. Glumes or valves or both may be prolonged upwards into a short mucro or longer awn. Flowers hermaphrodite or wmnisexual. Perianth of 2 ledicules (scales) or wanting. Stamens 3 (rarely 1 2 4 or 6). Anthers versatile. Ovary 1. Styles or stigmas 2 feathery. Fruit a caryopsis, rarely a utricle. Seed endospermic. 67 genera, 227 species. 1. Spikelets all sessile in the notches of a simple spike. 65 LOLIUM. Spikelets not all sessile in the notches of a simple spike. 2. 2, Spikelets secund (all on one side of rachis). 3 Spikelets not secund. 17, 34, 3. 16. 17. 18. 9, GRAMINEAE. Spikelets falling entire. Lower glume smaller or 0. Glumes not keeled. 4. Lower glume persistent, distinct and keeled. Upper glume sometimes falling with the spikelet. 7: . Spikelets sunk in hollows or adpressed to the face of a broad rachis. Stem creeping. 19 STENOTAPHRUM. Spikelets not sunk in hollows on a broad rachis. 5; . Lower glume distinct. 14 PANICUM. Lower glume minute or 0. 6. . Nerves of lower valve 5—7 close straight and prominent. Lower glume minute. 13 DIGITARIA. Nerves of lower valve 5 or fewer. Side nerves curved and usually submarginal. Lower glume absent. 12 PANICUM. . Spikelets 1 flowered. No male or barren valves. 8. Spikelets 2 or more flowered or with 1 perfect flower and 1 or more male flowers or empty valves. 9. . Glumes shorter than the glabrous valve. 42 CYNODON. Glumes longer than the ciliate valve. 43 MICROCHLOA. . Spikelets with 1 perfect and 1 or more male or barren flowers. 10. Spikelets with 2 or more perfect flowers. 13. . More than one spike in the inflorescence. 46 CHLORIS. Spike solitary. 11. . Spikelets awned. 44 CTENIUM. Spikelets awnless. l2. . Upper glume much longer than the lower. 45 HARPECHLOA. Lower glume slightly longer than the upper. 43 MICROCHLOA. . False spikes numerous arranged spirally. 14. Spikes or false spikes solitary or umbelled. 16. . Valves minutely notched. 40 DIPLACHNE. Valves entire. 15. . Tips of rachilla joints fringed with minute hairs. 39 POGONARTHRIA. Tips of rachilla joints not fringed. 41 ERAGROSTIS. Spikes terminated by a spikelet. 47 ELEUSINE. Point of rachis naked, projecting. 48 DACTYLOCTENIUM. Spikelets with 1 perfect floret, with or without 1 or more male or barren florets or empty valves below it. 18. Spikelets with 2 or more perfect florets or very rarely with only 1 perfect floret which has male or barren florets or empty valves above it. 53. Spikelets in pairs usually one sessile the other pedicelled, the 26. 27. 32: 33. 34. 9. GRAMINEAE. 38. latter sometimes rudimentary. Lower glumes rigid and longer than the florets. 19. Spikelets either not in pairs, or if in pairs then the lowest glumes not rigid and shorter than the florets. 29. . Spikelets all alike or differing only in the lower glumes. 20. The two spikelets of each pair differing in sex and structure. 24, . Racemes in a panicle. 21. Racemes 2 nate, digitate, or fascicled. 23. . Spikelets awned. 3 ERIANTHUS. Spikelets awnless. 22. . Panicle silky, spiciform. Rachis not fragile. 1 IMPERATA. Panicle silky much branched. Rachis fragile. 2 SACCHARUM. . The two spikelets of each pair alike. 4 POLLINIA. The two spikelets of each pair differing in the lower glume. 5 ISCHAEMUM. . Sessile spikelets sunk in hollows. 25: Sessile spikelets not sunk in hollows. 26. . All the spikelets awnless. 6 ROTTBOELLIA. Pedicelled spikelets awned. 7 URELYTRUM. All the spikelets awnless. 9 ELIONURUS. Spikelets not all awnless. 27. 1—3 pairs of perfect and male spikelets subtended by a whorl of male or barren spikelets and the whole supported by a spathe. Il THEMEDA. No whorl of male or barren spikelets at the base. 28. . Subsessile spikelets awnless. Pedicelled awned. 8 TRACHYPOGON. Sessile spikelets awned. 10 ANDROPOGON. . Blades transversely veined. Flowers unisexual. 66 OLYRA. Blades not transversely veined. 30. . Glumes 0 or very minute. ; 31. Glumes 2, distinct or rarely lower glume absent and upper distinct. 32. . Two minute nerveless valves below floret. 52 POTAMOPHILA. No empty valves. 53 LEERSIA. One or more empty valves or male florets below fertile floret. 33. A single fertile floret only. No empty valves. 45. Two empty valves (sometimes minute) or 2 male or barren florets below the fertile floret. 34. One empty valve or male floret below the fertile floret. 36. Lower valve awned dorsally. Awns kneed. 25 ANTHOXANTHUM. 36. 35. 51. 9. GRAMINEAE. Valves awnless or awned from the tip. Awns straight. 35. Empty valves minute enclosed by the glumes. 55 PHALARIS. At least one of the empty valves larger than the fertile. 54 EHRHARTA. . Glumes not falling with the spikelet. 37. Spikelets falling entire with the glumes. 39. . Spikelets in clusters of three, large. 24 TRISTACHYA. Spikelets solitary. 38. . Spikelets less than one- -fifth inch. Upper valve minutely 2 toothed or entire. 22 ARUNDINELLA. Spikelets 1/6th—1%4 inches. Upper valve distinctly 2-toothed or 2 lobed. 23 TRICHOPTERYX. . Spikelets subtended by bristles 1 or many. 40. Spikelets not subtended by bristles. 4l. . Bristles persistent. 17 SETARIA. Bristles falling with the spikelet. 18 PENNISETUM. . Glumes or lower valve 2 lobed or emarginate, muticous or awned from the sinus. Lower glume minute or 0. 42. Glumes and lower valve entire awnless or awned. Lower glume distinct. 43. . Upper glume 5 nerved, tips obtuse. 20 TRICHOLAENA. Upper glume 7 nerved, tips acute. 21 MELINIS. . Glumes subequal with long viscous awns. 15 OPLISMENUS. Glumes usually unequal, awnless or with short scabrid awns. 44. . Inflorescence of 2—5 stout racemes. 16 AXONOPUS. Inflorescence a loose, rarely contracted panicle. 14 PANICUM. . Glumes awned. 46. Glumes awnless or shortly mucronate. 47. . Valve 1 nerved. 36 PEROTIS. Valve more than 1 nerved. 31 POLYPOGON. . Valves awned. 48. Valves awnless. 51. . Awns of valve 3 or 3 branched. 34 ARISTIDA. Awns of valve solitary. 49. . Nerves of valve closely approaching or joining at tip. Awn kneed. 35 STIPA. Nerves of valve parallel, not joining at tip. 50. . Valve decurrent into a callus which has hairs several times longer than the valve itself. 33 CALAMAGROSTIS. Callus glabrous or minutely hairy. 32 AGROSTIS. Lower glume minute or 0. Upper glume with hooked spines or bristles. 37 TRAGUS. Both glumes distinct without spines or bristles. 52. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59, 60. 6l. 62. 63. 64. 65. 60. 07. 9. GRAMINEAE. 37. Glumes subequal longer than floret. 34 AGROSTIS. At least one of the glumes shorter than the floret. 38 SPOROBOLUS. Reed grasses. 30 PHRAGMITES. Not reed grasses. 54. Blades transversely veined. 67 ARUNDINARIA. Blades not transversely veined. 55. Upper 2 or 3 valves empty, enclosing each other forming a club or spindle-shaped body. 56 MELICA. No club or spindle-shaped body. 56. Valves 3 nerved. 37. Valves 5—11 nerved. 64. Whole panicle dense, cylindrical and usually dark purple. Glumes, valves and pales equally hairy all over. 58 STIBURUS. Glumes, valves and pales not all equally hairy. 58. Valves awned or mucronate. 59. Valves awnless and not mucronate. 62. Side nerves of valve excurrent into bristles. 51 TRIRAPHIS. Side nerves of valve not excurrent into bristles. 60. Spikelets distant by more than their own length. 50 CROSSOTROPIS. Spikelets not distant by more than their own length. 61. Valves 2-toothed. Awn from the back. 40 DIPLACHNE. Valves minutely 4-toothed. Awn terminal. 49 LEPTOCARYDIUM. Side nerves of valve delicate and not submarginal. Florets 2 or 3 with uppermost reduced. Shorter than or not much longer than the glumes. 26 KOELERIA. Side nerves of the valve submarginal. Florets usually numer- ous and far exserted from the glumes. 63. Valve entire. 41 ERAGROSTIS. Valve minutely notched or with 2 lateral teeth. 40 DIPLACHNE. Spikelets deciduous as a whole. Both glumes 1 nerved. 57 FINGERHUTHIA. Spikelets breaking up, leaving glumes persistent. 65. Valves awned from the back near the middle. 27 AVENASTRUM. Valves awnless or, if awned, awn terminal or subterminal. 66. Styles distinctly lateral on a hairy 2—3 lobed appendage of the ovary. Spikelets rather larger. 63 BROMUS. No hairy 2—3 lobed appendage on top of the ovary. 67. Valves 2 cleft or 2 lobed. 68. Valves entire or minutely ‘bifid. 69. 38. 9. GRAMINEAE. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74: Florets 2. 28 PENTASCHISTIS. Florets more than 2. 29 DANTHONIA. Valves awned. 70 Valves awnless. 73. Valves 7—9 nerved. 71. Valves 5 nerved. 72. Spikelets subsessile in a simple raceme or false spike. 64 BRACHYPODIUM. Spikelets in open or contracted panicles. 61 FESTUCA. Glumes very unequal. Awn of valve long. 62 VULPIA. Glumes not very unequal. Awn of valve short. 61 FESTUCA. Valves broadly cordate, boat shaped. 59 BRIZA. Valves not broadly cordate, boat shaped. 74. Valve nerves usually distinct. Hilum of seed linear. 61 FESTUCA. Valve nerves usually faint. Hilum of seed punctiform. Glumes and valves keeled. Florets often with a tuft of wool at the base. 60 POA. . IMPERATA Cyr. “umTente.” arundinacea Cyr. In vleis and moist sand. All over South Atrica. . SACCHARUM L, munroanum Hack. Vleis. Rather rare. - ERIANTHUS Mich. “umTala.” 1. capensis Nees. A very tall, common vlei grass. 2. sorghum Nees. Much rarer. Vlei species. 3. junceus Stapf. Drakensberg. - POLLINIA Trin. 1. villosa Spreng. Common in coast belt grassland. 2. nuda Trin. Shade-loving rambling forest species. . ISCHAEMUM L. 1. fasciculatum Brogn var arcuatum Hack. Coastbelt scrub and vleis. 2. franksae J. M. Wood. Rare mountain species. Tabam- hlope. . ROTTBOELLIA Lyf. compressa L,.f. var fasciculata Hack. Vleis and stream- banks. . URELYTRUM Hack. squarrosum Hack. High veld. Common. Coast veld rare. . TRACHYPOGON Nees. “isiTupe.” polymorphus Hack, var capensis Hack. High veld. Common 9. GRAMINEAE. 49. 9. ELIONURUS Humb and Bonpl. argenteus Nees. Common (sometimes dominant) in High veld. 10. ANDROPOGON L. (including Sorghum Pers. Heteropogon Pers and Cymbopogon Spreng). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ceresiaeformis Nees. Subdominant in much of High amplectens Nees. High veld. Common. “uCebe.” appendiculatus Nees. Mountain regions chiefly. Rare elsewhere. auctus Stapf. Midland High veld. “uQunga.” “Popo.” buchanani Stapf. Midlands. Not very common. veld. “umYakazane.” . contortus L. Mountain and Midland High veld. “isi Tupe.” . cymbarius L. High veld. Forest margins, etc. cymbarius var lepidus Stapf. Moist places. . dichroos Steud. Midlands. Not common . distachyus L. Midlands. Not common. . dregeanus Nees. A common Tambookie grass. Forest areas. . eucomus Nees, Coast veld and Low veld. Common. . filifolius Steud. High veld. Rather rare. . filipendulus Hockst. Coast veld. ‘“isiBusana.” . halepensis Brot. var effusus Stapf. WVleis also ruderal. ..hirtiflorus Kunth. Coast belt and Zululand. Fairly com- mon. . hirtus L. Common all over. “in Tunga.” . intermedius R.Br. var punctatus Hack. High veld. “umNcele.” . nardus L var marginatus Hack. Common in High veld. nardus var prolixus Stapf. Also common in moister veld. “gQungu.” nardus var validus Stapf. Also common in moister veld. . pertusus Willd. Midlands. “umNcele” or “imButane.” pertusus var capensis Hack. Chiefly ruderal. . plurinodis Stapf. Midlands. Another Tambookie. . rufus Kth. Coast and Midlands in moist places, not common. . ruprechtii Hack. Zululand. . schimperi Hockst. . schlechteri Hack. Coastbelt rare. . schoenanthus L. var versicolor Hack. Low veld com- mon. . schirensis Hockst var angustifolia Stapf. High veld and mountains. Common. 40. 9. GRAMINEAE. 27. sorghum Brot. Kaffir corn, “Imfe,” “Amabele,” Cultivated by natives. Numerous varieties. 28. transvaalensis Stapf. Near Dundee. 4-5,000 feet. 11. THEMEDA Forsk. (Anthistiria L.f.) etc. triandra Forsk. (Anthistiria imberbis Retz). (Rooi gras), the most important grass in Natal. Dominant over both High and Low veld. “inSinde.” var mollissima Hack. Common. var. burchellii Hack. Common. var. glauca Hack. Dominant in Low veld. 12. PASPALUM L. é 1. scrobiculatum L. Common weed “isAmuyisane.” 2. distichum L. Vlei species. 3. dilatatum Poir. Cultivated for fodder. 13. DIGITARIA Rich. “umFeca.” 1. debilis. Annual. Not very common. 2. diagonalis Stapf. High veld. Common. ‘uGoba.” 3. diversinervis Stapf. Coastbelt and Zululand. 4. eriantha Steud. Midland High veld. Common. Konko.” 5. flaccida Stapf. Mountain High veld. 6. horizontalis Willd. Common ruderal. 7. monodactyla Stapf. High veld. Fairly common. 8. sanguinale Scop. Common ruderal. 9. setifolia Stapf. High veld and mountains. 10. tenuiflora Beauv. Coastbelt and Midlands. 11. ternata Stapf. Common early flowering ruderal. 12. tricholaenoides Stapf. High veld, fairly common. 14. PANICUM L. “Gsi- 1. aequinerve Nees. Coastbelt scrub and forest margins. . arrectum Hack. Ruderal. Coast and Midlands. . brizanthum ockst. Ruderal. Coast and Midlands. . capillare L. Midlands. . colonum L. Coast belt. . coloratum L. Coastbelt. 2 3 4 5. chusqueoides Hack. Coast scrub and forest margins. 6 7 8 . crus-galli L. Ruderal. Coast and Midlands. 9. crus-pavonis Nees var rostratum Stapf. Vleis. 10. curvatum L. Coastbelt. 11. deustum Thb. Vleis. 12. dregeanum Nees. Grassveld species. Coastbelt. 13. ecklonii Nees. Mountain grassveld species. 14. filiculme Hack. Coast scrub and forest margins. 15. gossypinus A Rich. Near Dundee 4-5,000 feet. 16. helopus Trin var glabrescens K. Schum. Ruderal. 17. hymeniochilum Nees. Coast scrub and forest margins. 9. GRAMINEAE. AL. . interruptum Willd. Vleis. . isachne Roth. Ruderal. Common all over. “umFisane.’ . laevifolium Hack. Ruderal. High veld. Late flowering. . laticomum Nees. Coast bush, in shade. . maximum Jacq. Coastbelt and Midlands. Common ? “uBabe.” . meyerianum Nees. Coast and Midlands. Bush. . miliaceum L. Mooi River 3-4,000 feet. . miliare Lam. Coastbelt. Probably introduced. . natalense Hockst. High veld and mountain grassveld species. “uMashamyana.” . perlaxum Stapf. Coast scrub and forest margins. . proliferum Lam. var longijubatum Stapf. Ruderal. proliferum var paludosum Stapf. Vleis, coastbelt. . pyramidale Lam. Vlei species. Coastbelt. . schlechteri Hack. Near Hilton. 3-4,000 feet. . serratum Spreng. Grassveld species, fairly common. . stagninum Koen. Midland vleis. . trichopus Hochst. Ruderal. . tunicatum Hack. Estcourt. . Zizanioides H.B.K. Coast scrub and forest margins. . 15. OPLISMENUS L. “u Benyane.” africanus Beauv. Shade loving forest species. africanus var simplex Stapf. Inanda. “umBambalele.” 16. AXONOPUS (Beauv.) Hk.f. “isi Nosa.” semialatus Hk. Grassveld. Common in spring. semialatus var ecklonii Stapf. 17. SETARIA Beauv. SONAR whe 9; . aurea Braun. Vleis common, often dominant. . gerrardi Stapf. Vleis and moist grassveld. . imberbis R. and S. Vleis. Common. lindenbergiana Stapf. Scrub and forest, not abundant. . nigrirostis. Dur and Schinz. Vleis and moist grassveld. . perennis Hack. Grassveld. Common. ..Yigida Stapf. Vleis. . sulcata Raddi. Scrub and forest margins, very common. “uHlongo Hlongo.” verticillata Beauv. Ruderal and vleis. 18. PENNISETUM. Pers. 1. . matalense Stapf. Vleis. . sphacelatum Dur. and Schinz. Mountain species. . thunbergii Kth. Vleis common. . typhoideum Rich. Cultivated by the natives. . unisetum Bth. Vleis and stream banks. Nuh wh macrourum Trin. Not common. 19. STENOTAPHRUM Trin. “uNgwengwe.” glabrum Trin. Moist sandy coast flats and on the coast 42. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 9. GRAMINEAE. sand dunes near sea. Often dominant. Also used for making lawns. TRICHOLAENA Schrad. 1. glabra Stapf. Tugela valley. Rare. 2. rosea Nees. “Natal Red Top grass.” Abundant as a ruderal. Often dominant in waste cultivated land from coast to Drakensberg. ‘“umKuana.” 3. setifolia Stapf. Grassveld. Fairly common in High Veld. MELINIS. Beauv. minutiflora Beauv. var pilosa Stapf. Midlands. Rare. ARUNDINELLA Raddi. “umTshuma.” ecklonii Nees. Vleis and margins of bush. Common. TRICHOPTERYX Nees. 1. dregeana Nees. Common along streams. 2. simplex Hack. Grassveld. “inSindeboia.” simplex var crinita Stapf. Common in grassveld. 3. stipoides Hack. var natalensis Hack. Karkloof. TRISTACHYA Nees. leucothrix Trin. High veld and Low veld. Common. ANTHOXANTHUM L. ecklonii Stapf. Mountain veld. KOELERIA ers. cristata Pers. Chiefly mountain veld. AVENASTRUM Juss. 1. caffrum Stapf var natalense Stapf. Rare mountain species. 2. turgidulum Stapf. Mountain grassveld, fairly common. “umTepa.” | PENTASCHISTIS Stapf. natalensis Stapf. Mountain grassveld. DANTHONIA De. . ‘ sp. near macowani Stapf. Upper Tugela, near Mont Aux Sources. PHRAGMITES. Trin. communis Trin. Dominant along streams. Abundant. POLYPOGON Desf. monspeliensis Desf. Vleis. AGROSTIS. 1. lachnantha Nees. Vleis common all over. 2. natalensis Stapf. Umpumula. Rare. 3. phalaroides Hack. Near Howick. 4. suavis Stapf. Dominant in patches of grassveld around Van Reenen. CALAMAGROSTIS Roth. huttoniae Hack. Midlands. Not common. . ARISTIDA L. 1, aequiglumis Hack. Midlands. Not very common. 9. GRAMINEAE. 43. . angustata Stapf. Midlands. Common pioneer species. . atroviolacea Hack. Newcastle. . barbicollis Trin and Rupr. Midlands. Common pioneer. . bipartita Rupr. and Trin. Common in Low veld. . congesta Roem and Schult. Midlands. . juncifermis Trin. and Rupr. Common pioneer, “in Gongoni.” 8. sciurus Stapf. 9. vestita Thb. Midlands. 10. adscensionis L. In waste land, possibly introduced into Natal. 35. STIPA L. dregeana Steud. Midland Bush. 36. PEROTIS Ait. latifolia Ait. Coast to Drakensberg, but commonest on coastbelt. 37. TRAGUS Haller. racemosus All. Open rocky hillsides. 38. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. 1. centrifugus Nees. Open hillsides. Chiefly mountain veld. centrifugus var angustata. Mountain veld. . festivus Hochst var stuppeus Stapf. Tussock forming, Low veld species. 3. indicus R. Br. Important pioneer. Also ruderal. indicus var laxus Stapf. Dominant in primitive Low veld. “umSingizane.” . pungens Kunth. Seashore only. Dominant in patches. . rehmanni Hack. Coastbelt. . subtilis Kth. Coastbelt. 39. POGONARTHRIA Stapf. falcata Rendle. Chiefly coastbelt. 40. DIPLACHNE Beauv. 1. fusca Beauv. Vleis and stream banks. 2. biflora Hack. High veld. Pioneer species. 3. eleusine Nees. Stream banks. 4. triflora Hack. Zululand. 41. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. 1, aspera Nees. Chiefly ruderal. 2. atherstonei Stapf. Rocky places. Rare. : 3. brizoides Nees. Common in grassveld. “umBimbane.” 4. brownei Nees. Near Durban. 5. caesia Stapf. Grassveld. Not very common. 6. ciliaris Link. Coastbelt only. Common on dunes. 7. 8 SEA MnP Wh lo on an . chalcantha Trin. Important pioneer in grassveld. . chapelieri Nees. Coast and Midlands. Not common. “maTohlwane.” 42. 43. 45. 47. 48. 49. 50. 9. GRAMINEAE. 9. chloromelas Steud. Common pioneer, early spring. 10. curvula Nees. Very common pioneer all over. “gmRrepurrepu.” curvula var valida Stapf. Very common all over. 11. gangetica Steud. Coast and Midlands. 12. gummiflua Nees. Midland grassveld. 13. heteromera Stapf. Coastbelt chiefly. 14. hornemanniana Nees. Coastbelt rare. 15. lappula Nees. Coast and Midlands. Grass veld. 16. major Hockst. Chiefly ruderal. 17. namaquensis Nees var robusta Stapf. Vleis and stream banks and coast sand dunes. 18. natalensis Hack. Drakensberg. 19. nebulosa Stapf. Vleis, often dominant. 20. patentissima Hack. Midlands, not common. 21. pilosa Beauv. Coastbelt. 22. plana Nees. Common “umTshiki.” 23. superba Peyr. Mostly in vleis. 24. plumosa Link. Near Durban. CYNODON Pers. “isi Nandi.” ‘uNgwengwe.” dactylon Pers. Common pioneer in open spaces. Often domi- nant over termites’ nests and old kraals. Used for lawns. MICROCHLOA R.Br. 1. caffra Nees. Mountain veld. Often dominant. 2. altera Stapf var nelsoni Stapf. Mountain veld common. . CTENIUM Panz. concinnum Nees. Rare in Natal. Commoner in Pondoland. HARPECHLOA Kunth. capensis Kth. Chiefly in mountain veld. Common. . CHLORIS. Wats. 1. gayana Kth. Grass veld. “umTaka.” “Rhodes grass.” 2. petraea Thb. Open rocky hillsides. “umBungane.” 3. pycnothrix Trin. Chiefly ruderal. 4. virgata Swartz. Grassveld and ruderal. virgata var elegans Stapf. Inanda. ELEUSINE Gaertn. 1. indica Gaertn. Common ruderal. ‘“uMunyankomo.” .2. coracana Gaertn. Cultivated by natives. ‘uPoko.” DACTYLOCTENIUM. Willd. aegyptiacum Willd. Sand dune and seashore species. Often dominant. Sometimes used for lawns. LEPTOCARYDIUM. Hochst. vulpiastrum Stapf. Rare stream bank species. CROSSOTROPIS Stapf. grandiglumis Rendle. A pioneer on stony hillsides. 55. 56. 57. 9. GRAMINEAK. 45. - TRIRAPHIS R.Br. rehmanni Hack. Mountain veld. - POTAMOPHILA R. Br. (Maltebrunia Kth.) prehensilis Bth. Shade loving forest species. Coastbelt . LEERSIA Sw. “amaXaposi.” hexandra Sw. Vleis, often dominant. - EHRHARTA Thb. 1. erecta Lam. Coast sand dunes and Drakensberg. 2. calycina Sw. Coast sand dunes. PHALARIS L. 1. arundinacea L. Vleis. Common. 2. minor Retz. Ruderal. Introduced. 3. canariensis L. Ruderal. Introduced. 4. bulbosa L. Cultivated. MELICA L,. racemosa Thb. Coast and Midlands. Open scrub. Rocky places. FINGERHUTHIA Nees. sesleriaeformis Nees. Vleis. . STIBURUS Stapf. alopecuroides Stapf. Moist places at higher altitudes. 59. BRIZA L. 61. 62. 63. minor. Introduced weed. . POA L. 1. annua L. Introduced. 2. trivialis L. Introduced. 3. binata Nees. Mountain veld. “umQulzazane.” FESTUCA L. 1. scabra Vahl. Mountain veld. 2. eaprina Nees. Mountain veld. 3. costata Nees. Mountain veld. VULPIA Gmel. . myuros Gmel. Ixopo. Rare. BROMUS L. 1. maximus Desf. Introduced. 2. natalensis Stapf. . natalensis var lasiophilus Stapf. South Downs 4-5,000 ft. 3. secalinus L. Mountain veld. 4. leptoclados Nees. Mountain veld. 5. unioloides H.B.K. Ruderal introduced. . BRACYPODIUM Beauv. flexum Nees. Biggarsberg 4-5,000 ft. flexum var simplex Stapf. Midlands and Drakensberg. Usually in shade. . LOLIUM L. J. multiflorum Lam. Introduced weed. 46. 10. CYPERACEAE. 2. rigidum Gaud. var rottboellioides Heldr. Weed. 3. temulentum L. Weed. — 4. perenne. Cultivated. 5. italicum. Cultivated. 66. OLYRA L. latifolia L. Ngoya Zululand. 67. ARUNDINARIA Michx. tesselata Munro. The Berg Bamboo. “uQalo.” Common along streams of the Drakensberg. FAMILY 10—CYPERACEAE. Herbs usually with underground rhizomes and solid culms. Leaf sheaths closed. Flowers arranged in spikelets, consisting of an axis (rachilla) bearing bracts (glumes) with flowers in their axils (or some without). Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexval. Perianth reduced to 6 or fewer scales or bristles or wanting. Stamens 1—3, rarely more. Anthers basifixed. Ovary superior l celled. Ovule 1, basal inverted. Style 1, with 2, 3 or 4 (rarely 1) branches. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seed endospermic. 19 genera 134 species. 1. Flowers all unisexual (Cariceae) 2. Flowers hermaphrodite; rarely a few male or female inter- mixed. 4. 2. Nut on a gynophore, not enclosed in a utricle or bottle-like bract. 17 SCLERIA. Nut enclosed in a bottle-like bract or utricle. 3: 3. Nut enclosed in a bottle-like bract, deeply split down and often containing a male spike or rachilla. 18 SCHOENOXIPHIUM. Nut enclosed in a utricle. 19 CAREX. 4. Empty glumes at base of spikelet, usually more than 2. Fer- tile glumes few, often 1. Spikelets centrifugal, with a central flower. 5. Empty glumes at base of spikelet 2—0. Fertile glumes, usually many, rarely 1—2. Spikelets centripetal without a ter- minal flower. Ti 5. Style branches 2. 14 RHYNCHOSPORA. Style branches 3. 6. 6. Perianth bristles 5—6 glumes 2 ranked. 15 COSTULARIA. Perianth bristles none. Glumes spiral. 16 CLADIUM. 7. Bracteoles (Hypogynous scales) present. 8. Bracteoles absent. 9. 8. Bracteoles 2 standing fore and aft within the glume. 12 LIPOCARPHA. Bracteoles united in front longer than glume, almost en- veloping the nut, 13 ASCOLEPIS. 16. 17. 18. 10. CYPERACEAE. 47. . Glumes 2 ranked. Spikelets usually in heads or umbels. 10. Glumes spiral. Spikelets usually in spikes or panicles. 14. . Style 2 branched. 11. Style 3 branched. 13. . Spikelet bearing several nuts. Nuts compressed dorsally. 3 JUNCELLUS. Nuts compressed laterally. lz. . Spikelet bearing 1—2 (rarely more) nuts. 1 KYLLINGA. Spikelet bearing several or many nuts. 2 PYCREUS. . Rachilla of spikelets persistent. 4 CYPERUS. Rachilla of spikelet breaking up. 5 MARISCUS. . Style conspicuously thickened at the base. 15. Style not or slightly thickened at the base. 17. . Hypogynous bristles 3—8. Base of style persistent. 6 ELEOCHARIS. Hypogynous bristles none. 16. Style persistent or, if deciduous, not leaving a button on the nut. 7 FIMBRISTYLIS. Style deciduous, leaving a button on the nut. 8 BULBOSTYLIS. Flowers with a toothed or lobed, persistent disc at the base of the ovary. 10 FICINIA. Flowers without a disc. 18. Glumes hairy. 11 FUIRENA. Glumes glabrous. 9 SCIRPUS. 1. KYLLINGA Rottb. 1. alba Nees. Coast vleis. alba var alata C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. Margins of bush. 2. buchanani C.B.Cl. Umzula. 3. cylindrica Nees. Inanda vleis. 4. elatior Kth. Common. Coast and Midlands. Vleis. Used by natives for making mats. ‘‘umXozane.” 5. erecta Schumach. Coast and Midland vleis. Common. 6. lehmanni Nees. Coast vleis. 7. melanosperma Nees., Coast and Midland vieis. Common. 8. pauciflora Ridley. 2. PYCREUS. Beauv. 1. angulatus Nees. Midland vleis. . chrysanthus C.B.Cl. . elegantulus C.B.Cl. Coastbelt vleis. . ferrugineus C.B.Cl. Coast and Milland vleis. Common. . flavescens Reichb. Mountain regions. . macranthus C.B.Cl. Coast to Drakensberg. . mundii Nees. Coast and Midland vleis. . oakfortensis C.B.Cl. Coast and Midland vleis. . polystachyus Beauv. Coastbelt vleis. polystachyus var laxiflora Bth. Coastbelt vleis. O CONTA MN Wh 48. 10. 11. 10. CYPERACEAE. rehmannianus C.B.Cl. Midlands. -umbrosus Nees. Common all over. 3. JUNCELLUS C.B.Cl. laevigatus C.B.Cl. Coastbelt vleis. 4. CYPERUS L. “inTsikane.” 1. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, albostriatus Schrad. Coast scrub and forest, very com- mon. . compactus Lam. Grassveld. Common coast to Drakens- berg. compactus var flavissimus C.B.Cl. Midlands. . compressus L,. Coastbelt. . denudatus Lf. Coast and Midlands. . difformis L. Coastbelt. . distans L.f. Coast and Midlands. Common. . esculentus L. Common weed. “inDawo.” . fastigiatus Rottb. Common all over. Often dominant in vleis. . flabelliformis Rottb. Coastbelt. . haematocephalus C.B.Cl. Mountain regions. . immensus C.B.Cl. Coastbelt vleis. . isoclados Kth. Coastbelt. . latifolius Poir. Common. Often dominant in vleis. latifolius var angustifolius Krauss. . leptocladus Kth. Coast and Midlands. .macranthus Boeck. Midlands. . marginatus Thb. Midlands. Common. . natalensis Hochst. Coastbelt. . rotundus L,. rotundus var platystachys C.B.Cl. . rupestris Kth. Common on bare rocks especially at high altitudes and on hilltops. . papyrus |. Zululand. Dominant over large marshy flats. madagascarensis Roem and Sch. Coastbelt. textilis Thb. Ruderal. sexangularis Nees. Common. Vleis and moist grassveld. schlechteri C.B.Cl. Mount Insiswa. 6,000ft. sphaerospermus Schrad. Coastbelt. tenax Boeck. teneriffae Poir. flava L. Mont-aux-Sources, 9,500 ft. 5. MARISCUS Gaertn. 1. 2. 3. binucifer C.B.Cl. Midlands. capensis Schrad. Midlands and Drakensberg. Grassveld. congestus C.B.Cl. Coast and Midland vleis. Common. congestus var glandulifera C.B.CI. 10. CYPERACEAE. 4g. . albomarginatus C.B.Cl. Midland grassveld. . cooperi C.B.Cl. . deciduus C.B.Cl. Midland vleis. . dregeanus Kth. Coast and Midland vleis. dregeanus var buchanani near Durban. . elatior C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. . elephantinus C.B.CI. . grantii C.B.Cl. . gueinzii C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. . macer Kth. . macrocarpus Kth. Coast and Midlands. . nossibeensis Stevd. . owani C.B.Cl. Sydenham 300 ft. . pseudovestitus C.B.Cl. Sydenham, 300 ft. . radiatus Hochst. Coastbelt and Midlands. Common. . sieberianus Nees. Coastbelt and Midlands. Common. . umbellatus Vahl. Coastbelt. Common. . umbilensis C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. al. vestitus C.B.Cl. Bush and forest margins. 6. ELEOCHARIS R.Br. (Heleocharis R.Br.) limosa Schultz. Coast and Midland vleis. 7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. complanata Link. Coast and Midland vleis. Common. complanata var kraussiana C.B.Cl. Coast and Midlands. complanata var consanguinea C.B.Cl. . diphylla Vahl. Coastbelt. Common. . exilis Roem and Schultes. Coastbelt. ferruginea Vahl. Coast and Midlands. Common. ..monostachya Hassk. Coast and Midland grassveld. Com- . obtusifolia Kth. Coastbelt, near river mouths. 8. BULBOSTYLIS Kunth. 1. cinnamomea C.B.CI. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 2. collina Kth. Coast and Midlands. 3. humilis Kth. Inanda. 4. kirkii C.B.Cl. Inanda. 5. striatella C.B.Cl. 6. zeyheri C.B.CI. Coastbelt. 7. cardiocarpa C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. 9. SCIRPUS L. 1. cernuus Vahl. 2. 3 4. 5 6 cernuus var subtilis C.B.Cl. Inanda. . expallescens Boeck. . fluitans L. Common all over in vleis and rivers. hystrix Thb. Midlands. . littoralis Schrad. Coast. Salt marshes. . macer Boeck. Coast and Midlands. 19. CYPERACEAE. 7. paludicola Rottb. 8. prolifer Rottb. Coast and Midlands. Common. 9, rivularis Boeck. Coast and Midlands. Common. 10. subprolifer Boeck. Coast and Midlands. 11. falsus C.B.Cl. Mont-aux-Sources. 9,500 ft. 10. FICINIA Schrad. 1. cinnamomea C.B.Cl. Coast and Midlands. 2. gracilis Schrad. 3. laciniata Nees. Coastbelt. 4. stolonifera Boeck. Van Reenen’s, Drakensberg.. 11, FUIRENA Rottb. 12. 13. 14, 15. 18. 17. 18. 19. 1. chlorocarpa Ridley. 2. coerulescens Steud. Inanda. coerulescens var buchanani C.B.Cl. . eckloni Nees. Coastbelt. . glabra Kth. Ibisi. . gracilis Kth. Coast and Midlands. . microlepis Kth. Coast and Midlands. . pachyrrhiza Ridley. Inanda. . pubescens Desf. Coast and Midlands. “umXopo.” LIPGCARPHA R.Br. 1. argentea B.Br. Coastbelt. 2. pulcherrima Ridlcy. Coastbelt. ASCOLEPIS Steud. capensis Ridley. Common in High veld grrassland. RHYNCHOSPORA Vahl. 1. aurea Vahl. 2. cyperoides Mart. Coastbelt. 3. glauca Vahl. Common all over. 4. spectabilis Hochst. Sydenham, 300 ft. COSTULARIA C.B.CI. natalensis C.B.Cl. CLADIUM P. Browne. mariscus R.Br. (jamaicense Crantz). Coastbelt. SCLERIA Berg. . angusta Ness. Negoya, Zululand. 2. catophylla C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. 3. hirtella Sw. Coastbelt. 4. holcoides Kth. Coastbelt. 5. melanomphala Kth. Coast and Midlands. 6 natalensis C.B.CI]. Coast and Midlands. 7. woodii C.B.Cl. Midlands and Drakensberg. SCHOENCXIPHIUM Nees. rufum. Coast and Midlands. Forest margins and vleis. CAREX L. 1. bolusii C.B.CI. ONANA w so jul 11, PALMAE—12, ARACEAE. 51, . buchanani C.B.Cl. . condensata Nees. Zululand. drakensbergensis C.B.Cl. Drakensberg. . dregeana Kth. Inanda and Drakensberg. esenbeckiana Boeck. Drakensberg and Zululand. . extensa Gooden. Midlands. . petitiana A. Rich. Drakensberg, 6,000 ft. . phacota Spreng. Midlands and Drakensberg. . $picato-paniculata C.B.Cl. Midlands and Drakensberg. = Semngqnut+ wn FAMILY 11—PALMAE. Trees. Leaves large pinnate or fan shaped, usuat!y forming a terminal crown. Petiole sheathing at base. Flowers in simple or branched spadices, usually unisexual. Perianth 6 parted in a double row. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Ovary superior 1—3 celled, or of 3 separate carpels. Ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit berry or drupe- like, often 1 celled by the abortion of 2 carpels. Seed with small embryo and horny endosperm. 3 genera 3 species. 1. Carpels 3 distinct, only one maturing. Leaves pinnate. 1 PHOENIX. Carpels 3 united. 2. 2. Leaves fan shaped. 2 HYPHAENE. Leaves pinnate. 3 RAPHIA. 1. PHOENIX L. “uSundu.” reclinata Jacq. Common in open glades, often dominant in clumps all along coastbelt. 2. HYPHAENE Gaertn. “Tlala.” crinita Gaertn. Dominant over large areas of sandy soil forming “Tlala Palm Veld” on coast belt and in Zulu- land. 3. RAPHIA Beauv. vinifera Beauv. Kosi Bush. N.E. Zululand. FAMILY 12—-ARACEAE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually net-veined. Flowers uni- sexual or hermaphrodite, in spadices without braceteoles. Perianth simple or absent. Stamens opposite perianth lobes. Ovary single, 1—many celled, superior. Ovules 1—many in each cell. Fruit l—many seeded berry. Seeds coat fleshy. 3 genera 7 species. 1. Floating aquatics. Perianth 0. Leaves in rosette. 1 PISTIA. Marsh or land plants tuberous rooted. 2. 2. Perianth cupular. Spathe tubular below. 2 STYLOCHITON. 52., 13. LEMNACEAE—15. RESTIONACEAE. Perianth none. Spathe convolute below widely opening. 3 ZANTEDESCHIA. 1. PISTIA L. stratiotes 1. In stagnant pools of Coast and Midland rivers. 2. STYLOCHITON Leprieur. “umFana-ka-sihlanjana.” natalense Schott. Coastbelt. 3. ZANTEDESCHIA. Spreng (Richardia Kunth). “in Tebe.” 1. aethiopica Spreng. (R. africana Kunth). Common all over in moist places. . hastata (Hk.f.) Eng. Coast and Midlands. Common. . albomaculata Baill. Midlands. . melanoleuca (Hk. f.) Engl. Inanda. . rehmanni (N.E. Br.) Engl. Upper districts. mb wh FAMILY 13—-LEMNACEAE. Minute floating herbs, consisting of fronds. Flowers in a cavity of frond, consisting of 1—2 stamens (male flowers) and 1 ovary (female flowers). Perianth 0. Ovary 1 celled. Ovules 1—6. Seeds minute endospermic. 2 genera 4 species. 1. Fronds rootless. Flowers on back of frond. 1 WOLFFIA. Fronds with 1 or more roots. Flowers at margin of frond. 2 LEMNA. 1. WOLFFIA Hk. 1. michellii Schleid. 2, denticulata Hegelmaier. 2. LEMNA L. 1. minor L. Common. 2. gibba L. FAMILY 14—FLAGELLARIACEAE. Herbs climbing by tendril tipped leaves. Flowers hermaphro- dite. Perianth segments 6. Stamens 6. Ovary superior 3-celled. Fruit a berry, l—2 seeded. Seeds with mealy endosperm. 1 genus, 1 species. FLAGELLARIA L. “uGonoti.” guineensis Schumach. Common around margins of bush, Coast and Midlands. FAMILY 15—RESTIONACEAE. Rush or sedge like herbs. Leaves linear or reduced to a sheath. Flowers dioecious. Perianth of 3—6 membranous or scarious segments. Stamens 2~—3. Anthers 1 celled. Ovary superior 1—3 celled with 1—3 ovules. Fruit dry. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 1 species. 16. AYRIDACEAE—18. COMMELINACEAE. 53. 1. LEPTOCARPUS R.Br. paniculatus Mast. Valley near Baviaan Falls, Alfred County. FAMILY 16—XYRIDACEAE. Herbs. Leaves radical, linear. Flowers hermaphrodite, in dense spikes with involucre of imbricate glumaceous bracts. Sepals 2—3 (1 sepal larger and deciduous). Petals 3 united. Fertile stamens 3 adnate to petals. Staminodes 3 or 0, bifid at apex. Ovary superior 1 celled or imperfectly 3 celled. Ovules numerous. Style 3 cleft. Fruit capsular. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 5 species. XYRIS L. (Mostly in wet spots). 1. anceps Lam. Near Durban. . capensis Thb. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . gerrardi N.E.B. Zululand. . natalensis Nilss. Coastbelt and Midlands. . umbilonis Nilss. Coast and Midlands. mab Wh FAMILY 17—ERIOCAULACEAE. Herbs. Leaves radical linear. Flowers minute unisexual, in heads surrounded by an involucre. Perianth membranous simple or double, rarely 0 in female fowers. Stamens 2—6. Ovary su- perior 2—3 celled. Ovule 1 in each cell. Styles 3 or 3 branched. Fruit capsular. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 7 species. ERIOCAULON L. (In rivers and vleis.) 1. abyssinicum Hochst. Midlands. . africanum Hochst. Midlands. . dregei Hochst. Coastbelt. . natalensis Schinz. . ruhlandii Schinz. Clairmont coastbelt. . sonderianum Korn. Zululand. . woodii N.E.B. Murchison. NA UP WH FAMILY 18—COMMELINACEAE. Herbs. Leaves alternate, bases sheathing. Flowers herma- phrodite. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Fertile stamens 2—6. Ovary su- perior 2—3 celled. Style 1. Ovules 1—many in each cell. Fruit capsular. Endosperm mealy. 5 genera 15 species. 1. Fertile stamens 2—3. Sterile 0—4. Flowers irregular. 2: Fertile stamens 5—6. Flowers more or less regular. 3. 2. Inflorescence included or nearly so in a spathe. 1 COMMELINA. Flowers not included in a spathe. 2 ANEILEMA. 3. Ovary 2 celled. Racemes panicled. 5 FLOSCOPA. Ovary 3 celled. Flowers axillary clustered. 4. 54, 19. JUNCACEAE. 4. Stamens inserted towards top of corolla tube. 3 COLEOTRYPE. Stamens hypogynous. Petals free at base, then united into a tube. 4 CYANOTIS. 1. COMMELINA Plum. 1. africana L. Common. Coast to top of Drakensberg. africana var lancispatha C.B.Cl. Inanda. africana var barberae C.B.Cl. Inanda. . benghalensis L. Coastbelt and Zululand. eckloniana Kth. Coastbelt. . gerrardi C.B.Cl. Coast and Midlands. Common. . karooica C.B.CI. Inanda. . krebsiana Kth. Coast and Midlands. krebsiana var villosior C.B.CI. 7. livingstoni C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. 8. nudiflora L. Common. Coast and Midlands. nudiflora var werneana (Hassk). C.B.Cl. 2. ANEILEMA R.Br. 1. aequinoctiale Kth. Coastbelt bush. 2. dregeanumm Kth. Coastbelt and Zululand. Common. 3. sinicum Ldl. Coastbelt and Zululand. 3. COLEOTRYPE C.B.Cl. natalensis C.B.Cl. Coastbelt. 4. CYANOTIS D. Don. nodiflora Kth. Common coast to Drakensberg. 5. FLOSCOPA. Lour. 1. glomerata Hassk. Coastbelt. 2. mannii C.B.Cl. Zululand. Nun Wh FAMILY 18—JUNCACEAE. Herbs or rarely (Prionium), stem woody. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 free, rigid segments, usually green. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Ovary superior, 1 or 3 celled. Ovules 3 or more. Style 1, stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule. Endosperm fleshy or hard. 3 genera, 11 species. : 1. Stem woody, often 5—6 feet long. Leaves large, often 3—4 feet. long, in a rosette at top of stem. 3 PRIONIUM. Stem herbaceous. 2B. 2. Ovary 1 celled with 3 nearly basal ovules. 2 LUZULA. Ovary more or less 3 celled with many ovules in each ceil. 1 JUNCUS. 1. JUNCUS L. 1. brevistylis Buchen. 2. capensis Thb. 3. effusus L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 4. lomatophyllus Spreng. Common all over. 20. LILIACKAK. 55 . maritimus Lam. Coast. . oxycarpus F,,.M. Coastbelt. . punctorius Lf. . rostratus Buchen. . dregeanus Kth. Drakensberg, 6,500 feet. OoONAwN 2. LUZULA DC. africana Drege. Mcnt-aux-Sources. 9,500 ft. 3. PRIONIUM E. M. palmita E.M. Marshes south of Durban. Nowhere very abundant. FAMILY 20—LILIACEAE. Herbs often bulbous, shrubs or trees. Inflorescence umbel- late, spicate racemose or panicled. Perianth usually corolla like. Stamens 6. Ovary superior 3-celled. Seeds usually many. En- dosperm fleshy or horny. 33 genera 223 species. 1. Tt. 12, . Underground part neither a bulb nor a corm. . Flowers solitary, axillary. Stem leafy to apex. Fruit a berry. Climbing or woody stemed plants. 2. Fruit a capsule or achene. Herbaceous or fleshy leaved plants. 5. . Flowers dioecious. Leaves net veined. Climber. 1 SMILAX. Flowers hermaphrodite. 3. . Perianth segments distinct. Leaves smell. 2. ASPARAGUS. Perianth segments united at base. Leaves well developed. 4. . Veins of leaf lax, conspicuous. Flowers cymose.. 3 BEHNIA. Veins of leaf close, inconspicuous. Flowers racemose. 4 DRACAENA. Underground part a bulb or corm. onda Flowers not solitary, or if solitary then terminal. . Perianth segments united almost to top. 31 SANDERSONIA. Perianth segments free or almost so. Stems climbing. 8. . Perianth spreading or reflexed. Style bent downwards. 30 GLORIOSA. Perianth segments conniving. Style not bent down. 32 LITTONIA. . Flowers in umbels enclosed by 2 bracts. 10. Flowers not in umbels enclosed by 2 bracts. ele . Perianth tube long with a corona. 17 TULBAGHIA. Perianth tube short without a corona. 16 AGAPANTHUS. Perianth segments free or almost so. Herbs. l2. Perianth segments united in a long or short tube. 16. Anthers basifixed erect. Anther bases sometimes lobed. 13: 56. 13. 14. 19. 20. 26. 27. 20. LILIACEAE. Anthers dorsifixed versatile. 15. Leaves 1—3, usually 1. Seeds woolly. Rootstock a tuber. 13 ERIOSPERMUM. Leaves more than 3. Rootstock obscure or small. 14. Capsule deeply 3 lobed or acutely angled. Seeds discoid. 15 CHLOROPHYTUM. Capsule not lobed. Obtusely angled. Seeds triquetrous. 14 ANTHERICUM. . Filaments glabrous. Ovules 2 in each cell. 9 BULBINELLA. Filaments bearded. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. 10 BULBINE. . Stamens inserted at throat of perianth tube. Ovule 1 in each cell. 33 SANSEVIERA. Stamens free or almost free from perianth. 17. . Leaves thick and fleshy. 18. Leaves not fleshy. 19. . Perianth tube curved, swollen below. Leaves usually with white spots. Stamens shorter than perianth. 7 GASTERIA. Perianth tube straight or nearly so. Stamens as long as the perianth. 8 ALOE. Perianth tube short and wide. 6 NOTOSCEPTRUM. Perianth cylindrical with a long narrow tube. 5 KNIPHOFIA. Stem or inflorescence either branched or twining. Anthers basifixed. al. Stem simple, not twining. Anthers dorsifixed. 22. . Stems scandent. 11 BOWIEA. Stems erect. 12 SCHIZOBASIS. . Perianth segments free or nearly so. 23. Perianth segments united in a tube below. 29. . Seeds crowded, flattened or sharply angled or winged. 24. Seeds not crowded, globose or obovoid. 25. . Perianth persistent. Style prismatic, narrowed to base. 22 ALBUCA. Perianth deciduous. Style filiform. 23 URGINEA. . Perianth segments narrowed into a canaliculate claw. Root stock a corm. 28 ANDROCYMBIUM. Perianth segments not narrowed into a claw. Rootstock bulbous. 26. Inflorescence crowned by a tuft of leafly bracts. 25 EUCOMIS. Inflorescence without a terminal tuft of bracts. 27. Perianth segments connivent at top. Flowers sessile or short stalked. Filaments broadened almost to top. 24 DRIMIOPSIS. 28. 31. 32. 20. LILIACEAE. 57. Perianth segments spreading. Filaments not broadened ex- cept sometimes at the base. 28. Perianth segments 1 nerved with stamens attached. 26 SCILLA. Perianth segments keeled with more than 1 nerve. Stamens usually free from perianth with filaments flattened. 27 ORNITHOGALUM. - Rootstock a corm. Tunics produced as a neck. Stem 3—4 inches long with 2 leaves. 29 WURMBEA. Root stock bulbous. ‘Leaves radical. 30. . Perianth deciduous. Tube cylindrical. 31. Perianth withering, not deciduous or tube campanulate. 32. Perianth segments very short and broad. 19 LITANTHUS. Perianth segments narrow, more or less elongated. 20 DIPCADI. Perianth tube withering. Stamens inserted below the throat. 21 GALTONIA. Perianth tube campanulate deciduous. Stamens inserted at the throat. 18 DRIMIA. 1. SMILAX LL. “iZaza,” “Yala,” “inGqaqabulani.” kraussiana Meisn. Common in bush. 2. ASPARAGUS L. (Mostly margins of bush and thorn veld.) “isiGobo.” 1. aethiopicus L. var natalensis Baker. Inanda. 2. africanus Lam. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. Open veld. 3. asiaticus L. 4. declinatus L. ‘ 5. faleatus L. Coast and Midlands. “isiKobo.” 6. medioloides Thb. Common all over. 7. myrioclados Baker. Coastbelt and Zululand. 8. plumosus Baker. Coastbelt bush and Drakensberg. plumosus var nanus. 9. minutiflorus Baker. 10. sarmentosus L. Coast and Midlands. 11. saundersiae Baker. lz. scandens Thb. Midlands. 13. sprengeri Regel. Near sea on sand dunes. 14. stipulaceus Lam. Midlands. 15. subulatus Thb. 16. denudatus Baker. Camperdown, 2,000 ft. 17. lilacinus Burch. Ginginhlovu, 1—200ft. 18. stellatus Baker. Drakensberg. 19. virgatus Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 20. zuluensis N.E.Br. Zululand. 58. 20. LILIACEAE. 3. BEHNIA Didrichs. reticulata Didrichs. Coast and Midland Bush. Common 4. DRACAENA Vaud. hookeriana K. Koch. Around margins and as undergrowth in coast scrub and sand dune bush. 5. KNIPHOFIA. Moench. (Mostly in vleis, sometimes in grass- veld). 1, WRWnNanmnst 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22) 23), 24 25 26. buchanani Bak. Coast and Midlands. buchanani var flavescens Berger. Fields Hill, 1,500 ft. . breviflora Bak. Midlands and Drakensberg. breviflora var concinna Berger. Newcastle. . parviflora Kth. Near Kokstad. parviflora var albiflora Berger. Glencoe. . pauciflora Bak. Coastbelt. . gracilis Harv. Zululand. . fbrosa Bak. Mahwaqa Mt. 6—7,000 ft. . evansii Bak. Drakensberg. Grassveld, 6-7,000 ft. . medesta Bak. Botha’s Hill. Midlands- modesta var lutescens Berger. Manderston. modesta var woodii Berger. multiflora Wood and Evans. Drakensberg, 6,000 ft. ensifolia Bak. Drakensberg. laxiflora Kth. Howick. natalensis Bak. Midlands and Mts. “Qaqana.” natalensis var robustior Berger. Zululand. ichopensis Schinz. Ixopo. triangularis Kth. Midlands. macowani Bak. Upper Umkomaas. tuckii Bak. Zululand. rufa Bak. linearifolia Bak. var kuntzei Berger. Colenso. longicollis Bak. longiflora Bak. uvaria (L.) Hook (alooides Moench). Coast to Drakens- berg. rooperi Lem. sarmentosa (Andr) Kth. . primulina Bak. . porphyrantha Bak. Van Reneen. wylei N. E. Br. Entumeni. 6. NOTOSCEPTRUM Benth. 1 . natalense Bak. Klip River County. 2, brachystachyum A. Zahlbr. Lidgetton. 3-4,000 ft 7. GAS TERIA Baker. 1. croucheri Baker. 2. gracilis Baker. 3, glabra Haw, 20, LILIACEAE. %. 8 ALOE L. (Mostly in Thorn veld and rocky places.) “umHlaba.” 1, bainesii Dyer. Midlands. Common. . boylei Baker. Tugela Valley. 3. arborescens Miller var natalensis Berger. Midlands. . candelabrum Berger. Midlands. Thorn veld. . ferox Miller. Doubtful. . greenii Baker. 2 3 4 5. cooperi Baker. Midlands. Common. “isiPutumane.” 6 7 8 . kraussii Baker. Coast and Midlands. 9. marshalli Wood and Evans. Glencoe. 10. minima Baker. Coast and Midlands, Grassveld. 11. myriacantha R. and S. 12. parviflora Baker. Pinetown. 13. platylepis Baker. Doubtful. 14. marlothii A. Berg. Tugela Valley and Zululand. 15. nitens Baker. Thorn veld. 16. pratensis Baker. Midlands. Byrnetown. 17. saponaria Haw. Common in grassveld. ‘Cena.” saponaria var brachyphylla Bak. Midlands. 18. thraskii Baker. Coast. Sand dunes. Common. 19. ciliaris Haw. Doubtful. 9. BULBINELLA Kunth. carnosa Baker. Coastbelt. 10. BULBINE L. (Grassveld mostly). 1. asphodeloides R. and S. Coast to Drakensberg. . ensifolia Baker. Midlands. . nareissifelia Salm Dyck. Midlands. . natalensis Baker. Coast and Midlands. “Bucu. . nigra Schinz. 11. BOWIEA Harv. “uGibisisela.” volubilis Harv. Common in bush and Thorn veld. 12. SCHIZOBASIS Baker. schlechteri Baker. 13. ERICSPERMUM Jacq. (Grassveld chiefly). 1. burchellii Baker. Thorn veld. . cooperi Baker. Drakensberg, Van Reenen. . junodi Baker. Coastbelt. . luteorubrum Baker. Coast and Midlands. mackenii Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. . microphyllum Baker. Midlands. nataglencoense O. Kuntze. Glencoe 4-5,000 ft. . junodi Bak. . platyphyllum Bak. 10. natalense Baker. Coastbelt. Common. 11. ornithogaloides Baker. Coastbelt. 12. sprengerianum. Schinz. ” nb Wh WON AMA Wh . 20. LILIACEAF. 14. ANTHERICUM L. (Grassveld and around bush). . angulicaule Baker. . capitatum Baker. Drakensberg, Van Reenen. . cooperi Baker. Zululand. 500 ft. . elongatum Willd var holostachyum Baker. Coastbelt. . gerrardi Baker. Coast and Midlands. . hirsutum Thb. Near Durban. . longifolium Jacq. (Chlorophytum). . longistylum Baker. . pubescens Baker. Drakensberg. . pulchellum Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. 11. robustum Baker. Coastbelt. 12. saundersiae Baker. 13. stenophyllum Baker. Midlands. 14. nataglencoense O. Ktze. 15. triflorum Ait. Alexandra County, 1,800 ft. 16. acutum C. H. Wright. 15. CHLOROPHYTUM Ker. (Grassveld and around bush). 1. bowkeri Baker. Coast and Midlands. 2. comosum Baker. Coast and Midlands. 3. durbanense O. Kuntze. Bluff, Durban. 4. elatum R.Br. Coast and Midlands. 5 6 7 SormuNana wh . haygarthii Wood and Evans. . modestum Baker. Coastbelt. . vaginatum Baker. Midlands. 16. AGAPANTHUS L/’Herit. umbellatus L’Herit. Common in light shade at higher altitudes. umbellatus var minor Lodd. Midlands. 17. TULBAGHIA L. (Grassveld or vleis). 1. acutiloba Harv. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. alliacea L.f. Coast and Midlands. 3. leucantha Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 4. natalensis Baker. Midlands. Vleis. 5. violacea Harv. Midlands. 18. DRIMIA Jacq. (Grassveld or vleis). 1. altissima Hk. (Urginea). Coast and Midlands. 2. angustifolia Baker. Midlands. 3. elata Jacq. Midlands. Common. 4. neriniformis Baker. Van Reenen vleis. 5. rudatisii Schltr. Fairfield Alexandra County. 19. LITANTHUS. Harv. pusillus Harv. Drakensberg. On rocks. 20. DIPCADI. Medic. (Grassveld, vleis and around bush). 1. ciliare Baker. 2. oreophila Schlechter. Van Reenen. 20. LILIACEAE. él. . hyacinthoides Baker. Coast and Midlands. . polyphyllum Baker. Groenberg 2,000 ft. . readii Baker. . umbonatum Baker. Coastbelt. . viride Moench. Coast and Midlands. Common. 21. GALTONIA. Dcne. . 1. candicans Decne. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 2. princeps Decne. Near Howick. 22. ALBUCA L. (Grassveld and vleis, and in bush). 1. affinis Wood & Evans. Van Reenen. Common. 2. erinifolia Baker. Inanda, in bush. 3. humilis Baker. Wet rocks, summit of Tabanhlope. 4. nelsoni N.E.Br. Umlaazi River. 5. oligophylla Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County. 6 7 8 NAO Ww . pachychlamys Baker. Drakensberg, 6,500 feet. . spiralis L. Van Reenen, 5-6,000 feet. . trichophylla Baker. Drakensberg. 23. URGINEA Steinh. (Grassveld, vleis, and around bush). 1. beryloides Baker. Umgeni. . capitata Baker. Coast and Midlands. . echinostachya Baker. Coast and Midlands. . Hlacina Baker. Coast and Midlands. Vleis. multisetosa Baker. Mooi River, 4-5,000 ft. . natalensis Baker. Coast and Midlands. . pauciflora Baker. Coast and Midlands. . riparia Baker. Coastbelt. . rubella Baker. Midlands. 10. schlechteri Baker. Coastbelt. 11. tenella Baker. Rock crevices, Van Reenen. 24. DRIMIOPSIS Lindl. (Grassveld, vleis, and around bush). 1. humifusa Baker. . maculata Ldl. Coast and Midlands. . maxima Baker. Midlands. . minor Baker. _ saundersiae Baker. Itafamasi. . woodii Baker. Coast and Midlands. COMIS L/Herit (Grassveld, vleis and around bush). OPN D ML Wh Aunp wh 25. EU 1. bicolor Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Vleis. 2, humilis Baker. Summit of Tabanhlope. 6-7,000 ft. 3. nana Ait. Tugela Valley. South Downs. 4. punctata L’Herit var concolor Baker. South Downs. 5. regia Ait. 6. robusta Baker. 7 undulata Ait. Coast to Drakensberg. “yMakhunda.” 26. SCILLA L. (Mostly grassveld.) 1. adlami Baker. 62, 20. LILIACEAE. . cooperi Hk.f. Coast and Midlands. . exigua Baker. Midlands. . humifusa Baker. inandensis Baker. Coastbelt. . kraussi Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. . lanceaefolia Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Abundant. . laxiflora Baker. . linearifolia Baker. Coast and Midlands. . livida Baker. . megaphylla Baker. Zululand. . natalensis Planch. Coast to Drakensberg. . oostachys Baker. Upper Umkomaas, 5-6,000 ft. . palustris W. and E. Newcastle. Vleis. . polyantha Baker. Midlands. . pubescens Baker. Midlands. .rehmanni Baker. Inanda. . rigidifolia Kth. “inGcino” or “inGcolo.” rigidifolia var nervosa Baker. Inanda and Drakensberg. rigidifolia var gerrardi Baker. South Downs, 3-4,000 ft. . sandersoni Baker. Midlands. . saturata Baker. Coast and Midlands. Vleis. . schlechteri Baker. Krantzkloof. . socialis Baker. . spathulata Baker. . subsecunda Baker. . tyseni Baker. 26. concinna Baker. Drakensberg, near streams. 27. ORNITHOGALUM L. (Mostly grassveld). . albo-virens Baker. . capillaris Wood & Evans. Newcastle. . diphyllum Baker. Swamp summit of Tabanhlope. . eckloni Schlechter. Coast and Midlands. graminifolium Thb. Coast and Midlands. . inandense Baker. Inanda. . leptophylum Baker. Midlands. . limeare Baker. Midlands. . longiscapum Baker. Midlands. . natalense Baker. Summit of Amawahqa Mt., 6,800 ft. . oliganthus Baker, Coastbelt. . stenostachyum Baker. Umsindusi. Midlands. . subulatum Baker. Alexandra County. 2,800 ft. . umgenense Baker. . ebulbe Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County. 2-3,000 ft. . virens Ldl. Coastbelt. . flavovirerns Baker. Drakensberg, 6,000 ft. . zeyheri Baker. Van Reenen. . flanagani Baker. Summit Mont aux Sources. 9,500 ft. 21. HAEMODORACEAE—22. AMARYLLIDACEAE. 63. 28. ANDROCYMBIUM Willd. 1. decipiens N.E.B. Coastbelt. 2. melanthoides Willd. Drakensberg. 3. natalense Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. 28. WURMBEA. 3 1. kraussii Baker. Midlands and Drakensberg, 9,500 ft. 2. pusilla Phillips. Mont aux Sources, 10,000 ft. 30. GLORIOSA L. “Hlamvu.” virescens Ldl. Sand dune and coast bush. Climber. 31. SANDERSONIA Hook. aurantiaca Hook. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 32. LITTONIA Hook. modesta Hk. Coast and Midland. Scrub and bush. 33. SANSEVIERA Thunb. “isiKholo kotho.” thyrsiflora Thb. Edges of bush and Thorn veld. Coast and Midlands. Common. FAMILY 21—HAEMODORACEAE. Herbs. Perianth segments 6 free or united. Ovary superior or inferior, 3 celled (sometimes 2 sterile). Fruit a capsule. 1 genus 1 species. BARBERETTA Harv. aurea Harv. York Bush, in damp shady places. (Sanseviera Thb. is included in this family in the Flora Capensis). FAMILY 22—AMARYLLIDACEAE. Herbs with radical leaves. Flowers more or less regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth segments 6. Stamens 6. Ovary in- ferior or half inferior, 3 celled. Endosperm fleshy 14 genera 75 species. 1. Rootstock a corm or tuber or woody. Flowers solitary or not subtended by a spathe. 2. Rootstock a bulb (imperfect in Chivia). Flowers usually in an umbel subtended by a spathe, rarely solitary. 4. 2, Stem woody or herbaceous with leaves all down. Flowers white or tinged with purple. 14 VELLOSIA. Leaves all radical. Flowers usually yellow, rarely white. 3. 3. (a) Ovary narrowed into a long beak. Fruit indehiscent. 2 CURCULIGO. (b) Ovary not beaked. Fruit capsular. Flowers yellow. 1 HYPOXIS. (c) Perianth tube short. Flowers red or white. 1A. RHODOHYPOXIS. 4. Anthers hasifixed. (Deeply sagittate in Anoiganthus). 5 13. 22, AMARYLLIDACEAE. Anthers dorsifixed, versatile. 7. . Anthers small, subglobose. Perianth without a tube or nearly so. 3 HESSEA. Anthers linear or sagittate. Perianth with a tube. 6. . Anthers sagittate. Flowers umbellate. 4 ANOIGANTHUS. Anthers linear. Flowers solitary. 5 APODOLIRION. . Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. 8. Perianth with a distinct tube. 9. . Filaments thickened at the base. Stigma obscurely 3 lobed. 9 NERINE. Filaments filiform. Stigma capitate. 8 BRUNSVIGIA. . Ovules many in each cell, not sunk in the placentas. 10. Ovules 1—6 in each cell or sunk in the placentas. 11, . Perianth tube shorter than the limb. 7 AMMOCHARIS. Perianth tube longer than the limb. 10 CYRTANTHUS. . Fruit capsular. Spathe valves 2. l2. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Spathe valves several. 13. . Ovules sessile or sunk. Capsule bursting irregularly. 6 CRINUM. Ovules 2—4 distinct. Capsule loculicidal 3 valved. 13 BUPHANE. Bulb imperfect. Ovules 5—6 in each cell. 11 CLIVIA. Bulb large. Ovules 1—2 in each cell. 12 HAEMANTHUS. IA. RHODOHYPOKXIS Nel. 1. baurii Ne! (Hypoxis baurii Bak). Common on moun- tains. baurii var platypetala Nel. Midlands and Drakens- berg. baurii var milloides Nel. Midlands. 2. rubella Nel. Summit of Mont aux Sources. 1. HYPOXIS L. 1. angustifolia Lam. Drakensberg. angustifolia var buchanani Baker. Inanda. . filiformis Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. . kraussiana Buchinger. Midlands and mountains. . argentea Harv. Coast to Drakensberg. . dvegei Baker. Coast and Midlands. (jumedii Baker). dregei var biflora De Wild. Midlands. 6. gerrardi Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. . membranacea Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. (brevifolia Bak.) 8. obliqua Jacq. Ellesmere, Alexandra district. obliqua var woodii Bakcr. Inanda. 9, sobolifera Jacq. var pannosa Baker. Drakensberg. 10. acuminata Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. me wh 22. AMARYLLIDACEAE. 65. 11. multiceps Buch. Inanda. 12. oligotricha Baker. Coast and Midlands. 13. costata Baker. Drakensberg. 14. distachya Nel. Pinetown. 15. lata Nel. Van Reenen, 6,000 ft. 16. obconica Nel. Coastbelt. 17, rigidula Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. rigidula var pilosissima Baker. Midlands. 18. elliptica Nel, Midlands. 19. oblonga Nel. Weenen County. 20. obtusa Burch. Drakensberg. 21. rooperi Moore. Coast and Midlands. “inKomfe. 22. latifolia Hook. Midlands. Common in Low Veld. “Labatheka.” 2, CURCULIGO Gaertn. plicata Ait Midlands. plicata var barberi Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. 3 HESSEA. Herb. schlechteri O. Kuntze. Midlands. Highlands, Mooi River. 4. ANOIGANTHUS Baker. (Vleis). breviflorus Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Vleis. Com- mon. breviflorus var minor Baker. Moist grassveld. 5. APODOLIRION Baker. (Grassveld.) 1. buchanani Baker. Midlands. 2. ettae Baker. Grassy hill, Umbumalo. 800 ft. 3. mackenii Baker. Midlands. 6. CRINUM L. (Mostly in vleis or around bush). 1. acaule Baker. Zululand. 2. lengifolium Thb. Coast to Drakensberg. “umDuse.” 3. macowani Baker. Upper Tugela, 4-5,000 ft. . moorei Hk.f. In woods. Inanda. . forbesianum. Herb. Ginginhlovu, 1-200 ft. 7. AMMOCHARIS. Herb. faleata Herb. Thorn veld. Midlands. 8. BRUNSVIGIA. Heist. 1. josephinae Gawl. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. natalensis Baker. South Downs. Rare. 3. cooperi Baker. Drakensberg. §. NERINE Herb. 1. angustifolia Baker. Midlands. . appendiculata Baker. Midlands. . filifolia Baker. . pancratioides Baker. Greytown. . schlechteri Baker. Mount West, 5,600 ft. 10. CYRTANTHUS Ait. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. n np np wh 66. 23, DIOSCOREACEAE. . augustifolius Ait. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . galpini Baker. Hills above Weenen. . lutescens Herb. . mackenii Hk.f. Coastbelt. . obliquus Ait. Midlands. ‘“‘uMathunga.” . o’brieni Baker. Charlestown, 5-6,000 ft. Rock crevices. odorus Gawl. Midlands. . sanguineus Hk. Coastbelt and Zululand. Common. . epiphyticus J. M. Wood. Ensikeni forest. Epiphytic on trees, rare. 10. flanagani Baker. Mont aux Sources, 8-9,000 ft. 11..stenanthus Baker. Mont aux Sources, 8-9,000 ft. lz. macowani Baker. Polela. 11. CLIVIA Lindl. (In Bush and vleis.) “Bush Lilies.” 1. gardeni Hk. Midlands. Common. 2. miniata Regel. Coast and Midlands. In bush. “uMayime.” 3. nobilis Ldi. Midlands and Zululand. 12, HAEMANTHUS L. (Bush and grassveld.) 1. aibiflos Jacq. Umtwalumi, 2,800 ft. 2. albomaculatus Baker. Coastbelt. 3. baurii Baker. Midlands. 4. candidus Bull. Tugela Valley. S) 6 CON AUR WHE . deformis Hook. . hirsutus Baker. Midlands and Drakensberg. Rocky places. 7. katherinae Baker. Coast belt and Zululand. In bush. 8. magnificus Herb. 9. mackenii Baker. 10. montanus Baker. Stony hill, near Charlestown. 11. natalensis Pappe. Coast and Midlands. 12. puniceus Linn. var membranaceus Baker. ‘“Dumbhi.” 13. BUPHANE Herb. disticha Herb. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 14. VELLOSIA Vand. 1. clavata Baker. 2. elegans Oijiv. Coast to Drakensberg. elegans var minor Baker Midlands. 3. viscosa Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. FAMILY 23—DIOSCOREACEAE. Root stock tuberous. Stem twining. Leaves alternate, net veined. Flowers small green, usually dioecious. Perianth seg- ments 6. Stamens 6. Ovary inferior 3 celled. Ovules 2 in each cell. Endosperm horny or Heshy. 2 genera 10 species. 24, IRIDACEAE. 67. Tuber fleshy subterranean. 1 DIOSCOREA. Tuber large, firm, half exposed. 2 TESTUDINARIA. 1. DIOSCOREA L,. (In Bush.) 1. crinita Hk.f. Coast and Midlands. . diversifolia Griesb. Midlands and Drakensberg. . dregeana Baker. Coast and Drakensberg. . malifolia Baker. Coast and Midlands. “inTana.” . microcuspis Baker. Near Newcastle, 3-4,000 ft. . mutiloba Kth. Coast and Midlands. . rupicola Kth. Inanda. “mKwa.” 8. undatiloba Baker. 2. TESTUDINARIA Salisb. 1. elephantipes Burch. Rocky hill, South Downs. 2. sylvatica Kth. Coast and Midlands. ND ok Wh FAMILY 24—iIRIDACEAE. Herbs rarely undershrubs. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth segments 6. Stamens 3 opposite outer perianth segments. Ovary inferior 3 celled. Style branches 3 often divided or dilated. Fruit a capsule. Endosperm horny. 16 genera 83 species. 1. Style branches petaloid with stamens opposite and adpressed to them. 2 Style branches not petaloid. Stamens not adpressed to them. 3. 2. Style branches large with stigmas on underside. Inner and outer perianth-segments unequal. 1 MORAEA. Style branches small with stigmas at tip. Inner and outer perianth segments subequal. 2 HOMERIA. 3. Flowers more than 1 to a spathe fugitive often appearing in succession. Spathes 1 flowered, not fugitive. 5. +. Flowers pale yellow. Style branches long subulate. 4 BOBARTIA. Style branches short. Flowers usually bluish. 5 ARISTEA. 3. Style branches bifid. 6. Style branches undivided. 8. 6. Filaments long, inserted below throat of perianth tube. 11 WATSONIA. Filaments short, inserted at the throat of perianth tube. . Flowers solitary terminal. 3 ROMULEA. Flowers not solitary. 10 LAPEYROUSEA. . Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens and style straight. 9. Flowers more or less irregular. Stamens unilateral curved. 12. 9. Style long, branches short, club-shaped or linear. 10. Style short, branches long, subulate. dh. 10. Spathe valves both membranous entire. 9 DIERAMA. SI oo 68. 24. IRIDACEAE. Outer spathe valve short, brown, emarginate. 8 IXIA. 11. Corm present. Filaments short. 7 HESPERANTHA. No corm. Filaments at least as long as anthers. 6 SCHIZOSTYLIS. 12. Perianth curved. a Ki) Perianth more or less straight. 13. Perianth tube longer than limb, filiform below, eeliadacal above. : 16 ANTHOLYZA. Perianth tube as long as or shorter than limb, funnel shaped. 15 GLADIOLUS. 14. Tube long. Spathe valves long green entire. : 14 ACIDANTHERA. Tube short. Spathe valves short brown toothed. 15. 15. Fruit an inflated, 3 lobed, globose capsule. 13 CROCOSMIA. Fruit a small oblong membranous capsule. 12 TRITONIA. 1. MORAEA L. “Tulps.” (Grassveld and vleis.) . glauca Wood & Evans. River flat, Mooi River, 4,000 ft. . tridioides L. Coast and Midlands. . natalensis Baker.. Midlands and Drakensberg. . spathacea Ker. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . tenuis Ker. Midlands. . rivularis Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County. 2-3,000 ft. . tricuspis Ker. Coast to Drakensberg. . unguiculata Ker. Drakensberg, 6,500 ft. . violacea Baker. Midlands. . edulis Ker. Drakensberg, 6-9,000 ft. 2. HOMERIA Vent. miniata Sweet. 3. ROMULEA Maratti. 1. rosea Eckl. Summit of Mount Erskine. 2. thodei Schltr. Mont Aux Sources. 8,700 ft. Wet sandy places. 4, BOBARTIA Ker. natalensis (Regel) Klatt. 5. ARISTEA Soland. (Grassveld.) 1. anceps Eckl. Coast and Midlands. . compressa Buching. Coastbelt. . eckloni Baker. Inanda. . flexicaulis Baker. Midlands. majubensis Baker. Majuba 6-7,000 ft. Tugela Valley. . montana Baker. Majuba Mt. and Drakensberg. . paniculata Baker. Drakensberg. . schizolaena Harv. Coast and Midlands. . torulosa Klatt. Coastbelt and Midlands. torulosa var monostachya Baker. 6. SCHIZOSTYLIS Backh and Harv. SDoOoAn AaB WH PE _ OMNANE Wh 24. IRIDACEAE. 69. 1. coccinea Backh. & Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. Stream banks. 2. pauciflora Klatt. Midlands and Drakensberg. Near streams. 7. HESPERANTHA Ker. (Mostly grassveld.) 1. baurii Baker. Coast and Midlands. Grassveld. Common. . bifolia Baker. Midlands. . gracilis Baker. Isangwana, 1,800 ft. Foot of cliff. . lactea Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. . leucantha Baker. Ifafa, 1,500 ft. . modesta Baker. Coastbelt vleis. . radiata Ker. Midlands and Draknsberg. . subexserta Baker. Midlands. . woodii Baker. Midlands and Zululand. 8. IXIA L. 1. trichorhiza Baker. Near Durban. 2. brevifolia Baker. Giants’ Castle, 10,000 ft. 9. DIERAMA K. Kah. 1. pendula Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. pendula var pumila Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. pulcherrima Baker. Midlands. 10. LAPEYROUSIA Pourr. 1. cruenta Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. grandiflora Baker. Umblalazi, Zululand. 11. WATSONIA Nuller. 1. densifiora Baker. Coast and Midlands. Common. densiflora var alba. Coast and Midlands. 2. humilis Miller. 3. meriana Miller. Upper districts. Common. 12. TRITONIA Ker. 1. kraussii Baker. Midlands and Drakensberg. . cinnabarinea Pax. LIfafa, 1,500 ft. . laxifelia Bth. Inanda. lineata Ker. Midlands. Common. . pottsii Bth. Midlands. . bracteata Worsley. Greytown. rosea Klatt. . teretifolia Baker. Midlands. . flavida Schltr. Alexandra County, 2-3,000 ft. 13. CROCOSMIA Planch. aurea Planch. Coast and Midlands. Common. 14. ACIDANTHERA Hockst. 1. breviceilis Baker. Mouth of Umgeni. Near sea. 2. platypetala Baker. Coast to Drakensberg. 15. GLADIOLUS L. 1. aurantiacus Kliatt. Midlands. WOON A Ab WN WOMDNIAME Wh 70. 25. M USACEAE—26. ZINGIBERACEAE. . crassifolius Baker. Midlands. . cruentus Moore. . dracocephalus Hk. Midlands and Drakensberg. . eckloni Lehm. Biggarsberg and Zululand. . edulis Burch. Newcastle and Drakensberg. . gracilis Jacq. . Inandensis Baker, Inanda. . junodii Baker. Howick. 10. ludwiggii Pappe. Coast and Midlands. “isiDwa.” 11. microsiphon Bak. 12. papilio Hook. Coast to Drakensberg. Vleis. 13. platyphyllus Baker. Coast and Midlands. 14. psittacnus Hook. Camperdown. psittacinus var cooperi. Zululand. Coastbelt. 15. pubescens Baker. Mooi River, 4,000 ft. 16. purpureo-auratus Hk.f. Upper Tugela, Drakensberg. 17. rachidiflorus Klatt. Round Durban Bay. 18. salmoneus Baker. Upper Umkomaas, 3-4,000 ft. 19. sericeo-viliosus iik. Drakensberg. 20. saundersii Hk. Inanda. Rock crevices. 21. subaphylius N.E.Br. Zwartkop Mt. Midlands. 22. tritonoeformis O. Kuntze. Howick. 23. tysoni Baker. Alexandra County, 1,800 ft. 24. parvulus Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County. 25. weedii Baker. Inanda. 26. flanagani Baker. Mont aux Sources, 8,500 ft. 16. ANTHOLYZA L. 1. caffra Ker. Midlands. 2. paniculata Klatt. Midlands and Drakensberg. “umLunge.” OBNA NL Wh FAMILY 25—MUSACEAE. Tall herbaceous or tree-like plants with large leaves. Flowers irregular. Stamens 5, Ovary inferior 3 celled. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 1 species. Sepals 3, petals 3, very unequal, 2 lower connivant and forming a sagittate blade with a central channel in which stamens and style are placed, the third much smaller. STRELITZIA. STRELITZIA Ait. ‘“isiGceba.” augusta Thb. (wild banana). Very common all along coast- belt. Dominant in clumps in the sand dune bush. FAMILY 26—ZINGIBERACEAE. Herbs. Stems simple springing from a rootstock. Perianth of calyx and corolla. Fertile stamen 1. Staminodes 1—3 petal- 27. ORCHIDACEAE. hs like. Ovary inferior, 3 celled. Ovules numerous. Style enclosed in a groove of filament. -Fruit a capsule or berry. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 1 species. KAEMPFERIA L. “inDungulu.” natalensis Schltr. & K. Schum. (Siphonochilus natalensis. Wood & Evans). Coastbelt. FAMILY 27—ORCHIDACEAE. Herbs (sometimes epiphytic). Flowers irregular. Receptacle usually continued above ovary to form a column on which the stigma and anther are inserted. Stamen (in African genera) 1. Ovary inferior 1 celled. Ovules numerous parietal. One of the stigma lobes transformed into a rostellum to which pollen masses adhere. Seeds small exendospermic. 29 genera 219 species. 1. Pollen masses with basal stalk-like appendages which adhere to sticky gland-like appendages of the rostellum. 2. Pollen masses with apical appendages or without appendages. 18. 2. Anthers reclinate or forming an angle with the column. 3. Anthers erect or if reclinate (Cynorchis) then lip 1 spurred. 8. 3. Lip adnate to the coiumn with an appendage on its upper face. Petals usually converging into a hood. 4, Lip free from the column or if slightly adnate to it then petals not converging into a hood. 6. 4. Lateral sepals spurred or saccate. 29 DISPERIS. Lateral sepals not spurred nor saccate. Ss 5. Petals united with dorsal sepal into a hood, contracted in front, concave or obliquely saccate at the base. 28 CORYCIUM. Hood flattened, not contracted in front, not saccate at base. 27 PTERYGODIUM. 6. Lip uppermost, 2 spurred or 2 saccate at base. 24 SATYRIUM. Odd sepal uppermost, spurred; lip not spurred. ie 7. Lip more or less saccate at base. Petals more or less adnate to the base of dorsal sepal and column. 26 BROWNLEEA. Lip flat. Petals free from column. 25 DISA. 8. Stigmatic processes 2, often elongate, clavate and lateral. 9. Stigma 1. flat; column very short. 13. 9. Stigmatic processes short, adnate to lip. 19 PERISTYLUS. Stigmatic processes free. 10. 10. Stigmatic processes short, broad, oblong. 23 CYNORCHIS. Stigmatic processes more or less elongated, slender. 11. 11. Rostellum triangular, without diverging side lobes. 20 STENOGLOTTIS. 72. Bi. 22. 25), 26. 27. ORCHIDACEAE. Rostellum with elongated side lobes which carry the anther channels. l2. . Rostellum with a small tooth-like front lobe. 21 HABENARIA Rostellum with a cucullate front lope. 22 BONATEA. . Glands of rostellum transversely connate. Lip spurred. Petals longer than the sepals. 17 HOLOTHRIX. Glands of rostellum free. 14. . Petals clawed, concave, fimbriate. Lip not spurred. 18 HUTTONAEA. Petals not clawed. 15; . Rostellum forming a narrow fold between the anther cells. 16. Rostellum broad, triangular below the anther cells. 17. . Column short. Lip spurred or saccate. (Gymnadenia R.Br.) 16 SCHIZOCHILUS. Column long. Lip not spurred nor saccate. 14 BRACYCORYTHIS. . Lip saccate or spurred. 15 PLATANTHERA. Lip not spurred. 20 STENOGLOTTIS. . Pollinia soft, granular or powdery. 19. Pollinia firm waxy. ai. . Pollinia without stipes or gland. 13 POGONIA. Pollinia with linear caudicle and gland. 20. . Pollinia connected with rostellum gland by a strap-shaped stalk. Front lobe of lip clawed. 11 ZEUXINE. Pollinia adhering directly to rostellum gland. Front lobe of lip not dilated nor clawed. 12 PLATYLEPIS. Pollinia 4 or & united by a viscid appendage, free from the rostellum. Anther 2 celled. 22. Pollinia 2 or 4 attached to a stipes and gland of the ros- tellum. Anther cells usually confluent. 24. Column produced into a foot at the base. Inflorescence axis dilated, almost leaflike. Pollinia 4. Epiphytic. 2 MEGACLINIUM. Column footless. Inflorescence not dilated. Terrestrial. 23. . Pollinia 4. Flowers small, greenish. 1 LIPARIS. Pollinia 8. Flowers showy. 3 CALANTHE. . Terrestrial. Leaves plicate, acute. Column with a distinct foot. 29, Epiphytic. Column footless or leaves distichous and bilobed. 26. Sepals narrow and less coloured than petals, usually re- flexed. § LISSOCHILUS. Sepals and petals equal or nearly so, spreading. 4 EULOPHIA. Lip not spurred or saccate. Leaves plicate acute. 27. Lip spurred or saccate at base. Leaves distichous, cor- iaceous and variously bilobed. 28. 27. ORCHIDACEAE. 74: 27. Sepals and petals spreading, subequal. Lip inferior. 6 ANSELLIA. Sepals and petals subconnivent unequal. Lip superior. 7 POLYSTACHYA. 28. Pollinia with 1 stipe and 1 gland. 8 ANGRAECUM. Pollinia with 2 stipes and 1—2 glands. - 29. 29. Pollinia with 2 stipes attached to 1 gland. 9 LISTROSTACHYS. Pollinia with 2 stipes and 2 distinct glands. 10 MYSTACIDIUM. I. LIPARIS L.C. Rich. 1. bowkeri Harv. Ngoma and near Richmond. 2. gerrardi Reichb. f. 2. MEGACLINIUM Lindl. 1. sandersoni Oliv. Midlands, on trees. Often in dense masses. 2. scaberulum Rolfe. Zululand. 3. CALANTHE R.Br. natalensis Reichb.f. Coast and Midland Bush. Fairly com- mon. 4. EULOPHIA R.Br. (Mostly in vleis; sometimes in grassveld). 1. mackenii Rolfe. Coastbelt. 2. caffra Reichb.f. Tugela Valley and Zululand. 3. natalensis Reichb.f. Coastbelt. Common. 4. nutans Sond. Ixopo. 5. flaccida Schltr. Coastbelt. Vleis. 6. carunculifera Reichb.f. 7. laxiflora Schltr. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 8. aemula Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg. 9. longipes Rolfe. 10. purpurascens Rolfe. Coast and Midlands. Common. 11. gladicloides Rolfe. Lidgetton. 3-4,000 ft. 2. hians Spreng. Coast to Drakensberg. Grassveld. Com- mon, 13. saundersiae Rolfe. 14. barbata Spreng. 15. robusta Rolfe. Camperdown. 16. dregeana Lind]. Alexandra district, 2-3,000 ft. Grass- veld. 17. haygarthii Rolfe. Camperdown, 2,000 ft. 18. deflexa Rolfe. 19. acuminata Rolfe. Estcourt. 20. calanthoides Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg. 21. subintegra Rolfe. Drakensberg. 22. woodii Schltr. Near Berlin Mission. 23, zeyheri Hk.f. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 74, 27. ORCHIDACEAE. . ensata Lindl. Coast and Midlands. Common. . leontoglossa Reichb.f. Coast to Drakensberg. . nigricans Schltr. Inanda. . inandensis Rolfe. Inanda. . bilamellata Schltr. Inchanga and Zululand. Grassveld. bilamellata var euryceras Schltr. Emberton. . oliveriana Bolus. Coast to Drakensberg. . inaequalis Schltr. Coast and Midlands. Grassveld. . papillosa Schltr. Coast and Midlands. Vleis. Common. . aculeata Spreng. . huttonii Rolfe. Midlands. . durbanensis Rolfe. Near Durban. . foliosa Bolus. Coast to Drakensberg. . elegantula Rolfe. Gillitts, 2,000 ft. . micrantha Ldl. (Acrolophia micrantha Schltr.) Umhlali. . pergracilis Rolfe. Near Howick. ; . tenella Reichb.f. Fairfield, Alexandra. 2,000 ft. . triloba Rolfe. Ginginhlovu. . wyliei Rolfe. Ginginhlovu. . platypetala Lindl. Alexandra County. 1,800 ft. 43. speciosa Bolus. Kosi Bush. N.E. Zululand. 5. LISSOCHILUS R.Br. . clitellifer Reichb.f. Coast and MidJands. Common. . aequalis Lindl. Coast and Midlands. . streptopetalus Lindl. . speciosus R.Br. Coastbelt bush. Common. . buchanani Reichb.f. Coastbelt vleis. . sandersoni Reichb.f. Coast and Midlands. . arenarius Ldil. Coast and Midlands. Grassveld. 6. ANSELLIA Lindl. (Epiphytic). gigantea Reichb.f. Coastbelt bush. 7. POLYSTACHYA Hook. (Epiphytic). . Yigidula Reichb.f. Tugela Valley. . tricruris Reichb.f. Tugela Valley. . similis. Reichb.f. Coast and Midlands. . sandersonii Harv. Coastbelt and Zululand. . natalensis Rolfe. Richmond. . ottoniana Reichb.f. Coast and Midlands. . pubescens Reichb.f. Coast and Midlands. . gerrardi Harv. Ngoma. Richmond. . pisobulbon Kranzl. 8. ANGRAECUM Bory. (Epiphytic). Le . conchiferum Ldl. Near Vryheid, 3-4,000 ft. . sacciferum Ldl. Coast and Midlands. . pusillum Ldl. Midlands and Zululand. Rwy mystacidii Reich.f. Coast and Midlands. 27. ORCHIDACEAE. 78. 5. tricuspe Bolus. Zululand. 6. bicaudatum Ld]. Midlands and Zululand. 7. tridentatum Harv. Krantzkloof, 1,800 ft., on rocks. 8. bolusii Rolfe. Eshowe, Zululand. 9. maudae Bolus. Eshowe, Zululand. 10. chiloschistae Reichb.f. Coastbelt. 11. culveri Schltr. Ngoya, Zululand. 9. LISTROSTACHYS Reichb.f. (Epiphytic). arcuata Reichb.f. Coastbelt and Inanda. 10. MYSTACIDIUM Ldl. (Epiphytic). 1. gerrardi Bolus. Coast and Midlands. . millari Bolus. Coast bush. . caffrum Bolus. . pusillum Harv, Coastbelt. . venosum Harv. Coastbelt and Zululand. . filicorne Ldl. Coast and Midlands. . gracile Harv. Midlands. 11. ZEUXINE Lindl. cochlearis Schltr. Mouth of Umgeni. Sandy vlei. 12. PLATYLEPIS A. Rich. australis Rolfe. Coastbelt. 13. POGONIA Juss (Nervilia Gaud.) purpurata Reichb.f. Ifafa, 1,800 ft. 14. BRACHYCORYTHIS Lindl. 1. ovata Ldl. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 2. allisoni Rolfe. Drakensberg. Olivier’s Hoek. 3. pubescens Harv. Coast to Drakensberg. 4. tysoni Bolus. (Neobolusia). Drakensberg. Olivier's Hoek.. Boston. 5. virginea Rolfe. Drakensberg. Van Reenen’s. 15. PLATANTHERA L..C. Rich. 1. tenuior Schltr. Midlands. 16. SCHIZOCHILUS Sond. 1. zeyheri Sond. Midlands. 2. sandersoni Harv. Coastbelt. 3. trilobus Rolfe. Dargle Farm. 4. flexuosus Harv. Dargle Farm. 5 6 7 NA UP WH . bulbinella Bolus. Alexandra County. 3,000 ft. . angustifolia Rolfe. Drakensberg. Common in vleis. . gerrardi Bolus. Drakensberg. Ngoma. 17, HOLOTHRIX L. C. Rich. 1. incurva Ldl. Drakensberg. Van Reenen. . parvifolia Ldl. Van Reenen. . lindleyana Reichb.f. . orthoceras Reichb.f. Midlands and Drakensberg. . macowaniana Reichb.f. Lion River, 3,000 ft. mb wh 76. 27, ORCHIDACEAE. 6. scopularia Reichb.f. Drakensberg, 8-9,000 ft. 7. multisecta Bolus. Dargle Farm. 8. thodei Rolfe. Drakensbreg. 18. HUTTONAEA Harv. 1. fimbriata Reichb. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. pulchra Harv. Midlands. 3. woedii Schltr. Midlands. 4. oreophila Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg. 5. grandiflora Rolfe. Drakensberg. 19. PERISTYLUS Blume. natalensis Rolfe. Ngoma, on half-decayed trees. 20. STENOGLOTTIS Lindl. 1. fimbriata LdJ. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. fimbriata var saxicola Schltr. Mount West. 2. longifolia Hk. f. Zululand. 21. HABENARIA Willd. 1. arenaria Ldl. Springvale. 2. natalensis Reichb.f. Midlands and Zululand. 3. anguiceps Bolus. Van Rcenen. 4. foliosa Reichb.f. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 5. laevigata Ldl. Near Kokstad. 6. ciliosa Ldl. Midlands. 7. tridens Ldl. Midlands. 8. woodii Schltr. Ngoya, Zululand. 9. malacophylla Reichb.f. Midlands and Drakensberg. 10. transvaalensis Schltr. Near Estcourt. 11. polypodantha Reichb.f. Midlands. Thorn veld. 12. orangana Reichb.f. Drakensberg, Olivier’s Hoek. 13. dives Reichb.f. Coast and Midlands. Common. 14. falcicornis Bolus. Coast and Midlands. Common. 15. tetrapetala Kranzl. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 16. cornuta Ldl. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 17. involuta Bolus. Coasthelt. 18. porrecta Bolus. Coast and Midlands. 19. clavata Reichb.f. Midlands. 20. dregeana Ldl. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 21. tysoni Bolus. 22, kraenzliniana Schltr. var natalensis Rolfe. Midlands. 22. BONATEA Willd. 1. saundersiae Dur. and Schinz. Coastbelt. 2. boltoni Bolus. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 3. speciosa Willd. Coast and Midlands. 23. CYNORCHIS Thonars. compacta Rolfe. Rocks near Gillitts. 2,000 ft. 24. SATYRIUM Sw. 1. fanniniae Rolfe. Dargie. 31, ORCHIDACEAE. 77. . atherstonei Reichb.f. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . parviflorum Sw. Coast and Midlands. . aphyllum Schltr. Coast and Midlands. . neglectum Schltr. Drakensberg. . woodii Schltr. Coast and Midlands. . longicauda Ldl. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . eristatum Sond, Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . sphaerocarpum Ld]. Coast and Midlands. . ocellatum Bolus. Midlands and Drakensberg. . erectum Sw. . macrophyllum Ldl. Coast and Midlands. Common. 13. rhodanthum Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County. 25. DISA Berg. . filicornis Thb. (Penthea filicornis Ldl.) Oakford. . obtusa Ldl. Umgeni River. . tysoni Bolus. Kokstad. . stachyoides Reichb.f. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . aconitoides Sond. Midlands. Common. . fragrans Schltr. Drakensberg. . polygonoides Ldl. Coast and Midlands. Common. . chrysostachya Sw. Midlands and Drakensberg. . extinctoria Reichb.f. Midlands and Drakensberg. . macowani Reichb.f. Midlands and Drakensberg. . laeta Reichb.f. Midlands. Vleis. . rhodantha Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg. Vleis. . zuluensis Rolfe. Zululand. . cooperi Reichb.f. Midlands and Drakensberg. . erassicornis Ld!. Midlands and Drakensberg. . frigida Schltr. Mont-aux-Sources. . tripetaloides N.E. Br. Murchison, 2,000 ft. . sagittalis Sw. . cephalotes Reichb.f. Drakensberg. . gerrardi Rolfe. . oreophila Bolus. Drakensberg. . saxicola Schltr. . montana Sond. Near Kokstad. . patula Sond. Midlands and Drakensberg. . nervosa Ldl. Midlands and Drakensberg. . kraussii Rolfe. Midlands. . fanniniae Hary. Midlands. . pulchra Sond. Midlands and Drakensberg. . capricornis Reichb. Mts. near Kokstad. . stricta Sond. . brevicornis Bolus. (Monadenia brevicornis Ldl.) Inanda. 78. 28, PIPERACEAE. 32. baurii Bolus. (Herschelia baurii Kranzl). Ngoya and Drakensberg. 26. BROWNLEEA. Harv. 1. parviflora Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. . galpini Bolus. Drakensberg. . recurvata Sond. . matalensis Rolfe. Byrne. . woodii Rolfe. Murchison. Stony bush. . coerulea Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. : fanniniae Rolfe. Dargle farm. 27. PTERYGODIUM Sw. hastatum Bolus. Drakensberg. 28. CORYCIUM Sw. 1. carnosum Rolfe. Howick. 2. tricuspidatum Bolus. Near Charlestown. 3. magnum Rolfe. Midlands and. Drakensberg. 4. nigrescens Sond. Coast to Drakensberg. 29. DISPERIS. 1. buchanani Rolfe. Richmond. 2. natalensis Rolfe. Dargle Farm. 3. allisoni Rolfe. Olivier’s Hoek, Drakensbrg. 4. kermisina Rolfe. Olivier’s Hoek. 5..tysoni Bolus. Drakensberg. 6 7 8 NNMp WH . anomala Schltr. Nottingham Road. Grassveld. . concinna Schltr. Mohlamba Range. 5-6,000 ft. . wealii Reichbf. Polela. 9. bicolor Rolfe. Olivier’s Hoek, Drakensberg. 10. flava Rolf. Olivier’s Hoek. 11. oxyglossa Bolus. Midlands. 12. cardiophora Harv. Coast to Drakensberg. 13. macowani Bolus. Drakensberg. Van Reenen. 14. lindleyana Reichb.f. 15. fanniniae Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 16. anthoceros Reichb.f. Midlands. 17. woodii Bolus. Coast and Midlands. 18. stenoglossa. Coastbelt, vleis and sand dunes. 19. venusta Schltr. Van Reenen. 20. cooperi Harv. Drakensberg and Dargle. DICOTYLEDONEAE—ARCHICHLAMYDEAE. FAMILY 28—PIPERACEAE. Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, minute, in dense spikes, each subtended by a peltate bract. Perianth absent. Stamens 2—6. Ovary 1 celled. Ovule 29. SALICACEAE—31. ULMACEAE. 49. 1, basal straight. Fruit a berry. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 5 species. 1. Stigmas 2~3. Shrubs or undershrubs. 1 PIPER. Stigma 1. Herbs. - 2 PEPEROMIA. 1, PIPER L. “Hlolane.” “uPogwana.” 1. capense L. Common in coast and Midland bush. 2. borbonense C.DC. 2. PEPEROMIA. Ruiz & Pav. 1. reflexa A. Dietr. Common coast to Drakensberg, usually on trees. reflexa var capensis C.DC. 2. arabica Decsne. Coastbelt. 3. retusa A. Dietr. Upper districts. FAMILY 29—SALICACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers in catkins, dioecious. Perianth 0. Disc cup shaped or reduced to 1 or more scales. Stamens 2 or more. Ovary 1 celled with 2 or more parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Stigmas 2—4. Fruit capsular. Seeds exendospermic, with basal tuft of hairs. 1 genus 1 species. SALIX L. woodii Seem. Near Colenso, 3-4,000 ft. “‘umZezana.” FAMILY 30—MYRICACEAE. Trees, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers in spikes, unisexual. Perianth 0. Bracteoles' 2—6. Stamens 2—12, usually 4. Ovary 1 celled. Ovule 1, erect straight. Styles 2. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 2 species. MYRICA L,. 1. conifera Burm.f. (aethiopica L.) Coast and Midlands. Along streams. 2. sp. Drakensberg. FAMILY 31—ULMACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate, usually 3 nerved at the base. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth of 4—5 segments. Stamens 4—5 opposite P. segments. Ovary su- perior, 1 celled. Ovule 1 pendulous inverted. Stigmas 2. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seed exendospermic or with a little endosperm. 3 genera 5 species. 1. Stipules united, sheathing the buds. Spiny shrub. 3 CHAETACME. Stipules free. Spineless. 2. 80. 32. MORACEAE—33. URTICACEAE. 2. Stigmas feathery. Upper flowers long stalked. 1 CELTIS. Flowers almost sessile. Pedicels less than 1 lin. long. 2 TREMA. 1. CELTIS ©. “umVumvu.”’ 1. franksae N.E.Br. Tree 30ft. Near Durban. 2. rhamnifolia Pres! (Camdeboo Stinkwood.) Tree 20—80ft. high, common in forest, occasional in tree veld. Coast to high altitudes on Drakensberg. 2. TREMA Lour. “uBatini.” “umPangazi.” “umVangazi.” “Pengapenga.” ‘“umCabegazane.” bracteolata Blume. Shrub or small tree. Common in forest all over. Occasional in tree veld. 3. CHAETACME Planch. “umBambangwe.” “inKombota.” “umKhovothi.” 1. aristata Planch. Common in coast scrub. 2. serrata Engl. Coastbelt. FAMILY 32—MORACEAE. Trees, shrubs and herbs. Leaves stipulate. Flowers unisexual. Perianth simple or wanting. Stamens 1—many. Ovary 1 celled. Ovule 1 pendulous. 2 genera 12 species. 1. Herb. Flowers in spikes or panicles. 1 CANNABIS. Trees rarely undershrubs. Flowers in pouch-like receptacles (Figs), juice milky 2 FICUS. 1. CANNABIS Tourn. “inTsangu.” sativa L. Indian Henip. Common around kafir kraals. 2. FICUS L,. 1. sycomorus L,. 2. capensis Thb. Common. Often dominant in hygrophilous bush. Coast to Drakensberg. 3. ingens Mig. (lutea Vahl.) 4. cordata Thb. Midlands and Drakensberg. 5. capreaefolia Dil. Zululand. 6. polita Vahl. Stella Bush, Durkan. 7. nekbudu Warb. Zululand. Common. “uLusi.” 8. stuhlmanii Warb. Inchanga. 9. natalensis Hochst. Coast and Midlands. Common. “umTombe.” 10. burtt-davyi Hutch. Maritzburg. 11. soldanella Warb. Lower Mooi River. FAMILY 33—URTICACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves usually stipulate. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Perianth simple, of 1—5 segments, or wanting in female flowers. Stamens 1—5. Filaments broad- 34. PROTEACEAE. ai. ened at base. Ovary 1 celled. Ovule 1, erect or ascending, straight. Style 1 or 0. Fruit indehiscent. Seed usually endos- permic. 6 genera 8 species. 1. Stamen 1. Hairs not stinging. Stipules free. 5 AUSTRALINA. Stamens 2—5, 2. 2. Stipules and stinging hairs absent. Leaves entire. 6 PARIETARIA. Stipules present, or if rudimentary, then leaves toothed. J 3. Stinging hairs absent. Perianth of female flowers winged or ribbed, surrounding fruit. Leaves entire. 4 POUZOLZIA. Stinging hairs present. 4. 4. Leaves opposite. 1 URTICA. Leaves alternate. 5. 5. Stigma linear or oblong. Annual herbs. 2 FLEURYA. Stigma penicillate, capitate. Shrubs. 3 URERA. 1. URTICA (L.) Gaudich. urens L. Common weed in waste places. (Nettles.) “im Babazane.” 2. FLEURYA Gaudich. 1. grossa Wedd. Umhloti, 1,000 ft. ; 2. capensis Wedd. Inanda. Coast and Midlands. 3. URERA Gaudich. ‘“imPongozembe.” 1. tenax N.E.Br. Coast and Midlands. ‘“Bogozembe.” 2. woodii N.E. Br. Umzinyati Falls. 4. PARIETARIA Tourn. pilosa Willd. Open ground. Coast and Midlands. 5. AUSTRALINA Gaudich. acuminata Wedd. Coastbelt. Bush. 6. POUZOLZIA Gaudich. parasitica Schweinf. (procridioides Wedd). Thorn veld and scrub. Mooi River. FAMILY 34—PROTEACEAE. Trees or shrubs (rarely herbs). Leaves usually alternate ex- stipulate. Perianth of 4 segments. Stamens 4 opposite P. seg- ments. Ovary superior 1 celled. Ovule 1, rarely 2. Style 1. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seeds exendospermic. 3 genera 12 species. 1. Flowers spicate. 3 FAUREA. Flowers in a head. 2; 2. Anterior perianth segments separating above. Style deciduous. Fruit glabrous. 1 LEUCOSPERMCLM. Anterior perianth segments united almost to the top into a lip. Style persistent. Fruit covered with dense hairs. 2 PROTEA. 82, 35. SANTALACEAE. 1. LEUCOSPERMUM R.Br. gerrardi Stapf. Only one uncertain record. (Gerrard.) 2. PROTEA L. “‘isiQalaba.” 1. roupelliae Meisn. Dominant over considerable areas of “Protea Veld,” in the Drakensberg. Also on Midland mountains, . subvestita N.E. Br. Van Reenen. Mawakqa. . abyssinica Willd. Drakensberg. . hirta Klotsch. Coast to Drakensberg. “isiHlunga.” . multibracteata Phillips. Midlands and Drakensberg. . natalensis Phillips. Between Umlaas River and Durban. . flanagani Phillips. Polela and Karkloof. . simplex Phillips. . lanceolata E.M. Karkloof and Drakensberg. 3. FAUREA. Harv. 1. saligna Harv. Dominant near Pinetown and elsewhere in Midlands on sandy soil. “umCalatole.” 2. macnaughtoni Phillips. Ngomi forest. “Tato.” WONA ND Wh FAMILY 35—-SANTALACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs, often parasitic. Leaves usually alter- nate, entire exstipulate. Flowers small, regular, usually her- maphrodite. Perianth simple. Stamens 3—6. Ovary inferior, 1 celled. Ovules 2—3 pendulous. Style simple or wanting. Stigma capitate or 2—3 lobed. Fruit indehiscent, dry or fleshy. Seeds without a testa, endospermic. 3 genera 21 species. 1. Fruit dry. Hemiparasitic herbs or undershrubs. 1 THESIUM Fruit succulent. Shrubs or trees. 2. 2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth tube elongate. Two lateral veins of leaf prominent. 2 OSYRIDOCARPUS. Flowers dioecious or sub-dioecious. Perianth tube above ovary scarcely present. Only midrib of leaf prominent. 3 OSYRIS. 1. THESIUM L. (Mostly in grassveld, parasitic on grasses.) 1. virens E. M. 2. costatum A. W. Hill. Common all over. costatum var juniperinum A.W.H. Natal and Zululand. . racemosum Bernh. Common in Midlands. angulosum A. DC. Coast and Midlands. Common. . triflorum Thb. Midlands. . floribundum A.W.H. Coast and Midlands. Common. . pallidum A. DC. Drakensberg. . cupressoides A.W.H. Niginya, 5,500 ft. . imbricatum Thb. Niginya, 5,500 ft. . natalensis Sond. Coast and Midlands. Common. . scirpioides A.W.H. Coast and Midlands. Common. BA SOCMDNAUA & — i 3%. OLACACEAE—37. LORANTHACEAE. 83. 12. impeditum A.W.H. Coast and Midlands. Common. 13. orientale A.W.H. Near Kokstad. 14. lobeliodes A. DC. Hoffenthal, 4,000 ft. 15. nigrum A.W.H. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 16. asterias A W.H. Midlands. 17. polygaloides A.W.H. Coastbelt. Vleis. 18. cornigerum A.W.H. Coast and Midlands. 19. gypsophylloides A.W.H. Coastbelt. 2. OSYRIDOCARPUS. A.DC. natalensis A.DC. Coast to Drakensberg. Half-climbing shrub. 3. OSYRIS. L. “‘inTshakasa.” “umBulunyati.” abyssinica Hochst. (Colpoon compressum Berg.) Shrub. Coast to Drakensberg. Occasional in Thorn veld. — FAMILY 36—OLACACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers regular. Calyx small. Petals 4—5. Stamens 8-10. Ovary superior. Ovules 1—5 pendulous. Style simple. Fruit indehiscent. Seed 1 endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. XIMENIA Plum. “umTunduluka.” “Matimdolubu.” “Manum- balo.” caffra Sond. Coastbelt. FAMILY 37—LORANTHACEAE. Parasitic shrubs. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. Perianth simple, but often surrounded by an apparent calyx, an outgrowth of the receptacle. Perianth segments 2—6. Stamens 2—6, inserted on P. segments. Ovary inferior, usually without distinct placentas. Ovules 1—4, indistinct. Style simple or 0. Fruit succulent. Seeds with or without endosperm. 2 genera 17 species. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. “Calyx” more or less developed. style long. 1 LORANTHUS. Flowers unisexual. “Calyx” obsolete. Style short or 0. 2 VISCUM. 1, LORANTHUS L. 1. woodii Schltr. and Krause. Krantzkloof. Ngoya on Bur- chellia capensis. 2. subcylindricus Sprague. Umtwalumi on Ochna arborea. Nkandhla. 3. dregei E. Z. Coast and Midlands. Fairly common. 4. wyliei Sprague. Ngoya, Zululand. 5. quinquenervis Hochst. Coastbelt. 6. natalitius Meisn. Coast and Midlands. ‘“umHlalaben- yoni.” 84. 38. POLYGONACEAE. 7. minor Sprague. Coast and Midlands and Zululand. (Qudeni). 8. kraussianus Meisn. Coast and Midlands. Fairly common. 9. oleifolius Ch. and Schltr. Ifafa, 1,500 ft. 2. VISCUM L. . obovatum Harv. Coastbelt. . pulchellum Sprague. Tugela Valley. . subserratum Schltr. Tugela Valley. . nervosum Hochst. Coast and Midlands, frequent. . obscurum Thb. . rotundifolium L.f. Thorn veld. . anceps EF M. Thorn veld. . verrucosum Hary. Thornveld. CONDOS WH FAMILY 38—POLYGONACEAE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate with base of petiole dilated into membranous sheath. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious. Perianth segments 3—6. Stamens 4—50, usually 6—9. Anthers 3 celled. Ovary superior 1 celled. Ovule 1 basal, straight. Styles 2—4. Fruit a nut. Seeds with mealy endosperm. 4 genera 22 species. 1. Stamens 4—6. Anthers versatile. Stigma capitate. 2. Stamens more than 6 (usually 8). Anthers erect, Stigma not capitate. 3 2. Outer 3 lobes of perianth in fruit largest, spinous. 4 EMEX. Outer 3 lobes of perianth in fruit smallest, not spinous. 3 RUMEX. 3. Perianth segments united below into a narrow tube. Nuts 3 winged. 1 OXYGONUM. Perianth segments not united below into a narrow tube. Nuts not 3 winged. 2 POLYGONUM. 1. OXYGONUM. Burch. 1. dregeanum Meisn. Coast and Midlands. 2. alatum Burch. Near Maritzburg. 3. matalense Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County, 2,400 ft. 2. POLYGONUM L. 1. aviculare L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. alatum Buch-Ham. Near Byrne. 3. serrulatum Lag. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 4. lanigerum R.Br. Moist places on coastbelt. 5. tomentosum Willd. Coast and Midlands. Common. 6. lapathifolium L. subsp. maculaturr Dyer. Coast to Dra- berg. Common in vleis. 7. strigosum R.Br. 8. acuminatum Kth. var capense Meisn. Alexandra County. 9, minus Hads. 39. CHENOPODIACEAE—40. AMARANTACEAE. 85. 3. RUMEX L. 1. nepalensis Spreng. Drakensberg swamps. . sagittatus Thb. Coast and Midlands. . acetosella L. Midlands. Common weed. . ecklonianus Meisn. Midlands. ‘“Dololenkonyane.” . dregeanus Meisn. Coastbelt. . woodii N.E.Br. Coast to Drakensberg. . obtusifolius (. Introduced weed. Doubtful. . natalensis Dam. sp. nov. Alexandra County. . lanceolatus Thb. Manitzburg. 4. EMEX Neck. (Rigid herbs.) “inKunzana.” australis Steinh. Near Durban. Weed. CONANP WH FAMILY 39—CHENOPODIACEAE. Herbs. Leaves exstipulate or wanting. Flowers inconspicu- ous, greenish. Perianth simple, 1—5 segments, rarely wanting. Stamens 1—5. Ovary superior, 1 celled. Ovule 1 on a basal funicle curved. Stigmas 2—5. Seed endospermic. Embryo curved. 3 genera, 6 species. 1. Stems or branches jointed, apparently leafless. Flower clusters apparently sunk in hollows of branch joints. 3 SALICORNIA. Stems or branches not jointed. Leaves well developed. 2. 2. Perianth 5 parted, more or Iess herbaceous. Leaves expanded, petiolate. 1 CHENOPODIUM. Perianth globose, 4—5 lobed, membranous. Leaves narrow. sessile. 2 CHENOLEA. 1. CHENOPODIUM Linn. 1. ambrosoides L. A common weed. 2. botrys IL, Midlands. Common weed. 3. murale L. Common weed. “umDongabatwa.” 2. CHENOLEA Thunb. diffusa Thunb. Forming clumps on mudflats in brackish water at river mouths. 3. SALICORNIA Linn. 1. herbacea L. Common along seashore. 2. natalensis Bunge. Durban Bay. FAMILY 40—AMARANTACEAE. Herbs. Leaves exstipulate. Perianth simple of 3—5 segments. Stamens 3—5, opposite perianth scgments. Filaments united at base, or in a tube. Staminodes often alternating with stamens. Ovary superior, 1 celled. Ovules 1 or more, basal. Fruit a utricle, rarely a berry. Seeds endospermic. Embryo annular. 12 genera 24 species. 86. 40. AMARANTACEAE. ies 10. 11. . Ovules 2 or more. Anthers 2 celled. Leaves alternate. 2. Ovules solitary. 3. . Filaments united at base. Staminodes 0 or very short. 1 CELOSIA. Filaments united high up. Staminodes longer than filaments. 2 HERMBSTAEDIA. . Anthers 2 celled. 4. Anthers 1 celled. 11. . Ovule erect, funicle short. 3 AMARANTUS. Ovule on a long basal funicle (pendulous). 5. . Flowers 2 or more in axil of each bract, usually some sterile or reduced to spines. 6. Flowers solitary in axil of each bract, bi-bracteolate. All her- maphrodite. 8. . Staminodes none. 6 PUPALIA. Staminodes present. 7. . Fruit horned, sterile flowers reduced to straight spines. 4 CYPHOCARPA. Fruit not horned, spines hooked. 5 CYATHULA. . Staminodes none. 7 PSILOTRICHUM. Staminodes present. 9. . Perianth woolly. 8 AERVA. Perianth glabrous or scantily hairy. 10. Filaments connate into a long tube. 9 ACHYRANTHES. Filaments connate at the base. 10 ACHYROPSIS. Stigma 1, capitate. 11 ALTERNANTHERA Stigmas 2, linear. 12 GOMPHRENA. . CELOSIA Linn. 1. trigyna Linn. Margins of coast. Bush. 2. triloba E.M. . HERMBSTAEDTIA. Reichb. 1. caffra Moquin. Margins of coast. Bush. . AMARANTUS Linn. “imBuya.” 1. spinosus L. Common. Coast and Midlands. 2. paniculatus L. Midlands. Cultivated in India for its grain. 3. thunbergii Moquin. Common all over. . CYPHOCARPA Lopr. 1. trichinioides Lopr. Coast and Midlands. 2, angustifolia Lopr. . Thornveld, near Mooi River. . CYATHULA Lour. 1. cylindrica Moquin. Common all over. 2. globulifera Moquin. Coast and Midlands. 3. natalensis Sond. Durban. 4. spathulifolia Lopr. Coastbelt. . PUPALIA Juss. 1. atropurpurea Moquin. Coastbelt. 41. NYCTAGINACEAE—42, PHYTOLACCACEAE. 87. 2. lappacea Juss. Thornveld, near Weenen. 7. PSILOTRICHUM Blume. africanum Oliv. Coastbelt. 8. AERVA Forsk. Janata Juss. Coastbelt. 9. ACHYRANTHES Linn. 1, aspera L. A very common weed, all over. 2. robusta C.H. Wright. Coastbelt. 3. acuminata E. Meyer. Doubtful. 10. ACHYROPSIS Hook f. Near Durban. 1. avicularis Hook f. Near Durban. 2. leptostachya. Coast scrub 11, ALTERNANTHERA Forsk. sessilis R.Br. Coastbelt weed. 12. GOMPHRENA Linn. Weed. Common all over. globosa Linn. Common all over. FAMILY 41—NYCTAGINACEAE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite, entire, exstipulate. Flowers regular. Perianth simple, but often with a calyx-like in- volucre, 3—6 lobed, monophyllous. Stamens 1—30. Filaments free or connate at base. Ovary superior, 1 celled. Ovule 1, erect, in- verted. Style 1, lateral. Fruit a nut, enclosed by persistent base of perianth. Seed endospermic. Embryo straight or curved. 3 genera 6 species. 1. Seed with straight embryo. Spiny scandent shrub. 3 PISONIA. Seed with curved embryo. Herbs not spiny. Leaves opposite. 2. 2. Bracts connate like a 5-lobed calyx, large. 1 MIRABILIS. Bracts small, free,.often deciduous. 2 BOERHAAVIA. 1. MIRABILIS L,. jalapa L. “Four o’clocks” or “Marvel of Peru.” Common weed. 2. BOERHAAVIA Vaill. 1. bracteata T. Cooke. Tugela. 2. repens L. Thorn veld, near Weenen. 3. adscendens Willd. The Bluff, near Durban. 4. pentandra Burch. Coast and Midlands. 3. PISONIA L,. aculeata L. Tugela. Dry valley scrub. FAMILY 42—PHYTOLACCACEAE, Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing. Leaves alternate, entire. Stipules small or 0. Flowers in spikes on racemes, bracteolate. Perianth 4—5 parted herbaceous or membranous (rarely coloured), persistent in fruit. Stamens 3—33, hypogynous. Filaments free 88. 43. AIZOACEAE. or united at base. Ovary superior, 1—1l2 celled, or of free carpels. Ovules 1 in each carpel, basal, curved. Seeds endespermic. Embryo annular. 1 genus 3 species. PHYTOLACCA L. of 1. heptandra Retz. Herb 1—3 ft. Midlands and Drakens- berg. 2. dodecandra L’Herit. Woody climber. Coast and Mid- lands. 3. octandra L. Herb. 2—3 ft. Common weed. FAMILY 43—AIZOACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers regular. Perianth simple or calyx and corolla. Stamens 3 or more. Ovary usually several celled. Ovules curved or inverted. Fruit dry. Seed with mealy endosperm. Embryo curved. 7 genera 16 species. 1 . Perianth free from ovary, divided to base, or nearly so. 2. Perianth with a distinct tube, sometimes adnate to ovary, simple. Pd 6. . Ovary 2 celled. Style 2 cleft. Fruit separating into 2 nutlets. 1 LIMEUM. Ovary 3—7 celled. 3; . Ovary cells 1 ovuled. Perianth simple. 2 PSAMMOTROPHA. Ovary cells more than 1 ovuled. 4. . Leaves exstipulate, fleshy. Petals usually many. 3 ORYGIA. Leaves stipulate. Petals none, but stamens sometimes mixed with staminodes. Bi . Stipules membranous, entire. Capsule loculicidal. 4 MOLLUGO. Stipules fringed. Capsule with a stellate opening at apex. 5 PHARNACEUM. . Ovary superior. 6 AIZOON. Ovary inferior. 7 MESEMBRIANTHEMUM. . LIMEUM L. 1. viscosum Fenzl. Near Durban. 2. natalense Schellenb. Coastbelt. - PSAMMOTROPHA E. and Z. 1. androsacea Fenzl. Drakensberg. androsacea var enervis Fenzl. Drakensberg. 2. myriantha Sond. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common in open grassveld and stony places. - ORYGIA Forsk. decumbens Forsk. Midlands. Common. . MOLLUGO L. oppositifolia L,. . PHARNACEUM L. distichum Thb. Bluff, near Durban. 44, PORTULACACEAE—45, CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 89. 6. AIZOON L. 1. canariense L. Coastbelt. 2. glinoides Lf. 7. MESEMBRIANTHEMUM L.. 1, edule L. Dominant in large consociations along seaward margins of sand dune bush. “Khambi lamabulawo.” . hirtum N.E.Br. Midlands and Drakensberg. . uncinellum Salm-Dyck. Zululand. . sutherlandi Hk.f. . cordifolium L.f. Camperdown. . tradescantioides Berger. Inchanga, 2,100 ft. . nubigenum Schltr. Drakensberg. Rock fissures, 8,500 ft. NA Up WH FAMILY 44—PORTULACACEAE. Herbs or shrubs. Flowers regular or nearly so, hermaphro- dite. Sepals 2. Petals 4—6 free or united at base. Stamens 3~—30. Ovary superior or inferior, 1 celled. Ovules basal or placenta free-central. Ovules curved. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 5 species. 1. Ovary inferior or half inferior. Ovules many. 1 PORTULACA Ovary superior. Ovule 1. 2 PORTULACARIA. 1. PORTULACA L. 1. oleracea L,. Coastbelt. Common. Introduced. Ruderal. 2. caffra Thb. Rocky hill, Inanda, 2,000 ft. ~ 3. pilosa L,. 4. quadrifida L. Entumeni, Zululand. 2. PORTULACARIA. Jacq. “Spekboom.” “inTelisi.” afra Jacq. Not tncommon in Thorn veld areas, in places dominant. Coast and Midlands. FAMILY 45—CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth of calyx and corolla, rarely simple. Stamens 1—10. Ovary 1 celled or incompletely 2—5 celled su- perior. Ovules on basal or central placentas, curved or inverted. Seeds endospermic. Embryo curved. 10 genera 14 species. 1. Calyx tubular, 4—5 toothed. Petals clawed. 2) Sepals free, or united at base. Petals not distinctly clawed. 3. . Calyx bracteate at base. Styles or stigmas 2. bo 1 DIANTHUS. Calyx nude at base. Styles 3—4. 2 SILENE. 3. Flowers minute. Petals 0 or scale-like. Leaves with scarious stipules. (lllecebraceae.) 4. Flowers fairly conspicuous. Petals fairly large. 5; 90. 46. NYMPHAEACEAE. 4. Ovule 1. Leaves alternate. Petals scale-like. 3 CORRIGIOLA. Ovules 2 or 4. Leaves opposite or whorled. Petals 0. 4 POLLICHIA. 5. Styles united below. 6. Styles free from the base.- 8. 6. Petals 2 parted. 8 DRYMARIA. Petals entire, notched, or 2 toothed. 7. 7. Sepals rounded on back. Style long or rather long. 9 POLYCARPAEA. Sepals sharply keeled. Style short, 3 cleft. 10 POLYCARPON. 8. Leaves with scarious stipules. 7 SPERGULA. Leaves exstipulate. 9. 9. Styles 2—3, rarely 4—5, alternating with sepals. Fruit globose. : 5 STELLARIA. Sytles 5, rarely 3—4, opposite sepals. Fruit cylindrical. 6 CERASTIUM. 1. DIANTHUS L. 1. prostratus Jacq. Common. Coast and Midlands. 2. scaber Thb. Drakensberg. 2. SILENE L,. 1. burchelli Ott. Common. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. capensis Ott. Drakensberg. 3. gallica L. Introduced. 4. thunbergiana E, & Z. Durban. 3. CORRIGIOLA L. littoralis I. Coastbelt, often Ruderal. 4, POLLICHIA Soland. campestris Soland. Ibisi, 2,500 ft. 5. STELLARIA L. media Cyrill. An introduced weed. 6. CERASTIUM L. dregeanum Fenzl. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 7. SPERGULA L. arvensis L. An introduced weed. 8. DRYMARIA Willd. cordata Willd. Coastbelt and Midlands. 9. POLYCARPAEA Lam. corymbosa Lam. Umhlanga, 500 ft. 10. POLYCARPON Loefl. tetraphyllum L. Ruderal. FAMILY 46--NYMPHAEACEAE. Aquatic plants with submerged prostrate rootstocks, throw- ing up leaves and flowers. Leaves floating, cordate. Flowers 47. CERATOPHY LLACEAE—48. RANUNCULACEAF gl. solitary hermaphrodite, large and showy. Sepals 3 or more. Petals usually numerous. Stamens many. Carpels 6 or more, dis- tinct or united into a many-celied ovary. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 2 species. NYMPHAEA (L,.) Smith. “iZibu." 1. capensis Thb. (stellata Willd). Midlands and Drakens- berg. 2. madagascariensis DC. (?or near it). Coastbelt. (Figured in Medley Wood’s Natal Plants, p. 33, as N. stellata Willd). FAMILY 47—CERATOPHYLLACEAE. Aquatic herbs. Leaves whosled, deeply divided into forked linear segments. Flowers unisexual. Perianth simple; segments 9—l2 united at base. Stamens 12-16. Ovary superior 1 celled. Ovule 1, pendulous straight. Style 1. Fruit a nut. Seeds endos- permic. 1 genus 1 species. CERATOPHYLLUM L. demersum L,. Fairly.common. Coastbelt and Zululand. FAMILY 48—RANUNCULACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or climbers. Leaves usually divided. Perianth simple or of calyx and corolla. Stamens many. Carpels hypogy- nous or many, usually free. All parts usually spirally arranged. Ovules inverted. Seeds endospermic. 5 genera 14 species. 1. Petals with a pit or scale at the base or middle. Sepals green. 2 RANUNCULUS. Petals without a pit or scale. 2 2. Leaves opposite. Slender shrubs, usually climbing. 1 CLEMATIS. Leaves alternate or radical or uppermost whorled. Herbs. 3. 3. Perianth of sepals and petals. Carpels fleshy. 3 KNOWLTONIA. Perianth simple. 4. 4. Carpels few, without tails. 5 THALICTRUM. Carpels many tailed. 4 ANEMONE. 1. CLEMATIS L. 1. brachiata Thb. Common. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. glaucescens Fresen. Tugela district. 3. grata Wall. Inchanga. 4. oweniae Harv. Inanda. Zululand. 5. incisodentata A. Rich. 2. RANUNCULUS L. 1. pinnatus Poir. Common in moist places. Coast to Drakensberg. “uXaposi.” 92. 49. MENISPERMACEAE—50. ANONACEAE. 2. baurii Macowan. Drakensberg. 3. cooperi Oliv. Drakensberg. 4. meyeri Harv. Drakensberg. 3. KNOWLTONIA Salisb. 1. brevistylis Szysz. Zululand and Midlands. 2. vesicatoria Sims. Midlands. 4. ANEMONE L. 1. caffra Harv. Coast and Midlands. 2. fanninii Harv. Drakensberg and Midlands. Common. 5. THALICTRUM L. rhynocarpum Dill & Rich. Midland and mountains. Around margins of bush, etc. FAMILY 49—-MENISPERMACEAE. Shrubs or half shrubs, slender, often climbing. Leaves alter- nate, nearly always exstipulate. Flowers small, unisexual, usually dioecious. Sepals 1—8. Petals 1—6 or 0. Stamens usually as many as petals and opposite to them. Carpels I—many. Ovules solitary. Fruit of small drupes. 3 genera 6 species. 1. Female flower. Sepals 3—5, petals 3—5. 1 STEPHANIA. Female flower. Sepals 1—2, petals 1—2. 2. 2. Female flowers. Sepals 1. Petals 1 (rarely 2—3). 3 CISSAMPELOS. Female flower. Sepals 2. Petals 2. 2 ANTIZOMA. 1. STEPHANIA. Lour. “umTambane.” hernandaefolia Walp. Coast to Drakensberg. Often in ant bear holes. 2. ANTIZOMA Miers. angustifolia Miers. Near Weenen, 2-3,000 ft. 3. CISSAMPELOS L. (Climbers.) 1. pariera L. Coast and Midlands. 2. torulosa E.M. Coast and Midlands. 3. natalensis Szysz. Coast and Midlands. 4. burchelliana Miers. Inchanga, 2,000 ft. FAMILY 50—ANONACEAE. Trees or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves entire, exstipulate. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 3 (rarely 2), valvate. Petals 3—6 free or united at base. Stamens 6 or many, filaments thickened upwards. Carpels 3 or more, superior, free or united. Ovules inverted. Fruit usually a berry. Seeds with ruminate endosperm. 4 genera 5 species. 1. Carpels united in fruit. Outer petals fleshy, concave. 4 ANONA. $1. MONIMIACEAF--52. LAURACEAF. 93 Carpels free till maturity, shortly stalked. 2. 2. Petals imbricate in bud. Ovules many. 1 UVARIA. Petals valvate in bud. Ovules 1—2. 3. 3. Petals thick, spreading. Stalks of inflorescence and flowers usually thickened and hooked. 2 ARTABOTRYS. Petals thin, not spreading. 3 POPOWIA. 1. UVARIA L. ‘“Mazwenda.” caffra E.M. Climber in bush.’ Coast and Midlands. 2. ARTABOTRYS R.Br. monteiroae Oliv. Climber in bush. Coastbelt. Rare. 3. POPOWIA Endl. “Dwaba.” “Mazwenda mnyama.” 1. caffra Hk.f. and Thoms. Climber in bush. Coast and Midlands. 2. buchanani Engl. & Diels. Alexandra County. 4. ANONA L,. senegalensis Pers. Shrub. Coastbelt and Zululand. FAMILY 51—MONIMIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers uni- sexual. Perianth simple 3—6 lobed. Stamens 10 or more. Car- pels 1 or more, separate, often sunk in the receptacle. Ovule 1. Seeds with fleshy endosperm. 1 genus 1 species. XYMALOS. Baill. “uVeti,’ “uVeto,” “Totshe,’ “Totshwa,” “aHlwehlwe,” “Lemonwood.” monospora Baill. Tree, throwing dense shade. Dominant or subdominant in much of the moister Midland forests. FAMILY 52—LAURACEAE. Trees, shrubs or parasitic herbs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers regular. Perianth of 4—6 segments. Fertile stamens 4—14, perigynous. Ovary superior, rarely inferior, 1 celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Seed exendospermic. 3 genera 8 species. ; 1. Twining parasitic herb, without chlorophyll. 3 CASSYTHA. Trees or shrubs. 2. 2, Anthers 2 celled. Fruit enclosed in receptacle. 1 CRYPTOCARYA. Anthers 4 celled. Cells superposed. Fruit baccate. 2 OCOTEA. 1. CRYPTOCARYA R.Br. “xoboti,” “umXaleba,” “umTung- wane,” “umCutunga.” 1. latifolia Sond. Coast and Midlands. Large tree. “umCutungwa.” oA. 83. PAPAVERACEAE—S4. CRUCIFERAE. . woodii Eng. (acuminata Schinz.) Coast and Midlands. . myrtifolia Stapf: Inanda. “umCqabi.” . sutherlandi Stapf. Coast and Midlands. . wyliei Stapf. Ngoye, Zululand. 2. OCOTEA Aubi. “inSingane.” “umNukane.” bullata E. M. Tree 60—80 ft. high. Midland and mountain forests. 3. CASSYTHA L. 1. filiformis L. Coastbelt. 2. ciliolata Nees. ner Wh FAMILY 53—PAPAVERACEAE. Herbs. Leaves usually divided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, rarely 3. Petals 4, rarely 6, free. Stamens 2—many. Ovary superior, 1 celled or incompletely 2 or more celled. Ovules parietal, curved or inverted. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seed en- dospermic. 4 genera 5 species. 1. Petals (at least 1) spurred. Stamens in 2 bundles, 3 and 3. 2. Petals not spurred. Stamens 4—20. 3, 2. Ovules 3 or more. Fruits 3 or more seeded, pod like. 4 CORYDALIS. Ovules 1—2, Fruit 1—2 seeded, subglobose, indehiscent. 3 FUMARIA. 3. Juice whitish, milky. Ovary incompletely septate. 1 PAPAVER. Juice yellow. Petals yellow or white. Prickly plant. 2 ARGEMONE. 1, PAPAVER L. aculeatum Thb. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. ARGEMONE L. mexicana L. Common weed. Introduced. 3. FUMARIA L,. officinalis L. In open ground. Coast and Midlands. 4. CORYDALIS DC. 1. pruinosa E.M. Midlands, in bush. 2. cracea Schltr. Drakensberg, 8,000 ft. FAMILY 54—CRUCIFERAE. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, or lower opposite, ex- stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4, rarely 0; stamens 6 (4 longer, 2 shorter). Ovary superior 1—2 celled or transversely septate. Ovules parietal, curved, style 1, stigmas 1—2. Fruit dry, usually 2 valved. Endosperm scanty or wanting. Embryo curved. 9 genera 16 species, 54. CRUCIFERAE. 9. . Fruit (silicula) not 3 times as long as broad. 2. Fruit (siliqua) 3 or more times as long as broad. 4. . Fruit indehiscent at maturity, seeds solitary. 5 SENEBIERA. Fruit dehiscent at maturity. 3. . Seeds solitary in each cell. Flowers minute. 6 LEPIDIUM. Seeds numerous in each cell. 7 CAPSELLA. . Fruit with flat valves. 5. Fruit with round backed, convex valves. Vs, . Stigma equally developed all round. Cotyledons twice folded. 9 HELIOPHILA. Stigma more developed above the placentas than between them. Cotyledons not twice folded. 6. . Fruit valves without distinct veins, opening elastically. 3 CARDAMINE. Fruit valves with distinct veins, not elastic. 2 ARABIS. . Fruit transversely divided into two or more fertile cells. 8 BRASSICA. Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes produced into a seedless beak. 8. 8. Radicle of embryo accumbent (0—). Water or marsh plants. 1 NASTURTIUM. Radicle of embryo incumbent (0 11). Weeds. 4 SISYMBRIUM. . NASTURTIUM R.Br. 1. officinale R.Br. In poo!s along streams. 2. fluviatile E.M. In pools along streams. . ARABIS L. perfoliata Lam. Banks of Mooi River, 4,000 ft. . CARDAMINE L. africana L. Ravines. Inanda, 1,800 ft. . SISYMBRIUM L. capense Thb. Near Verulam, 800 ft. . SENEBIERA DC. pinnatifida DC. Introduced weed. . LEPIDIUM L. “uMathoyisa.” capense Thb. Very common weed. All over. . CAPSELLA Vent. bursa-pastoris Moench. Weed, not very common. . BRASSICA L. strigosa DC. Coastbelt. . HELIOPHILA L. 1. woodii Conrath. Coast and Midlands. 2. subulata Burch. Drakensberg. 3. stricta Sond. Giants Castle, 10,000 ft. 06. 55. CAPPARIDACEAE. . rigidiuscula Sond. Coast and Midlands. . scandens Harv. Sand dunes, near the sea. . suavissima Burch. Mont Aux Sources, 8,800 ft. . virgata Burch. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. ND ums FAMILY 55—CAPPARIDACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs, often climbing. Leaves alternate. Flowers usually regular. Petals wanting or free, usually 4. Ovary superior, usually stalked. Ovules 4 or more, curved. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds exendospermic. Embryo curved. 4 genera 17 species. 1, Annual herbs. Fruit a dry, dehiscent, pod-like capsule. . 1 CLEOME. Trees, shrubs or climbers. Fruit succulent. 2. 2. Calyx tube distinct, persistent. 2 MAERUA. Calyx tube indistinct, or wanting. 3: 3. Receptacle produced behind into a tube or strap shaped appendage. Stamens usually 6 on an androphore. 3 CADABA. Receptacle appendage wanting or scale-like. Androphore short or wanting. Stamens 8 or more. 4 CAPPARIS. 1, CLEOME L. (Annual herbs.) 1. monophylla L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. rubella Burch. Midlands. 2. MAERUA Forsk (including Niebubria DC.) (Mostly shrubs.) 1. angolensis DC. 2. rosmarinoides (Sond). Gilg and Benedict. Coastbelt scrub. 3. nervosa (Hochst) Gilg and Benedict. Coastbelt scrub. “Matandana.” 4. triphylla Dur. & Schinz. (Niebuhria triphylla Wendl.) Coast and Midlands. 5. woodii Dur. and Schinz. Inanda. 1,800 ft. Half her- baceous. 6. racemulosa Gilg. and Benedict. (Boscia caffra Sond). Coast and Midlands. “imPunzizo.” 3. CADABA Forsk. natalensis Sond. Coastbelt shrub or climber. 4. CAPPARIS L. “inQaningi.” “inTshilo.” 1. tomentosa Lam. (corymbifera E.M.) Coast and Mid- lands. Common. . woodii Gilg and Benedict. Coast. Sand dune bush. . calvescens Gilg and Benedict. Tugela valley. . zeyheri Turcz. Coast and Midlands. . solanoides Gilg and Benedict. Little Noodsberg, 2,000 ft. awit Wh 56. RESEDACEAE—59. HY DROSTACHYACEAE. 97. 6. rudatisii Gilg and Benedict. Alexandra County, 2,000 ft., and N.E. Zululand. 7. gueinzii Sond. Coast and Midlands. “uMabusana.” 8. albitrunca Burch. Weenen County. Dry bush. “isiNami.” FAMILY 56—RESEDACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers in spikes or racemes, irregular. Sepals 4—8. Petals 2—8, rarely 0, free. Stamens 3—40, free or united at base. Carpels 2—6, superior, free or united. Ovules inverted. Seeds exendospermic. Embryo curved. 1 genus 1 species. OLIGOMERIS Cambess. dregeana Pres]. Coast and Drakensberg. Van Reenen. FAMILY 57—DROSERACEAE. Herbs (insectivorous). Leaves with glandular tentacles. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4—8, lobed. Petals 4—8, usually 5, free. Stamens 4—20. Ovary superior 1 celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles or style branches 2—5, Fruit a cap- sule. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 3 species. DROSERA L. 1. burkeana Planch. Common all over. Usually in moist places, but not always. 2. ramentacea Burch. Midlands and Drakensberg. 3. natalensis Diels. Jolivet, 3,000 ft. FAMILY 58—PODOSTEMONACEAE. Aquatic herbs attached to rocks in streams. Flowers her- maphrodite. Perianth of 2—3 scales or larger, 3 parted. Stamens 1—4. Ovary superior, 1—3 celled, with central placenta. Ovules numerous, inverted. Fruit capsular. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 2 species. Flowers regular, 3 parted. 1 TRISTICHA. Flowers irregular. Perianth of 2 scales. 2 SPHAEROTHYLAX. 1. TRISTICHA Thouars. hypnoides Spreng. Midland rivers. Fairly common. 2. SPHAEROTHYLAX Bischoff. algiformis Bisch. Apparently rare. (Doubtful.) (The Tristichaceae have recently been separated by Willis as a distinct family.) FAMILY 59—HYDROSTACHYACEAE. Aquatic herbs attached to rocks in streams. Leaves with a sheath and ligule. Flowers dioecious. Stamen 1 with separated 8. 60. CRASSULACEAE, ee anther halves. Ovary 1 celled with 2 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 2. Fruit capsular. Seeds exendos- permic. 1 genus 1 species. HYDROSTACHYS Thouars. natalensis Wedd. Midland rivers. Fairly common. FAMILY 60—CRASSULACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs, usually succulent. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Petals 3—20, free, or united below. Stamens as many, or twice as many as petals. Carnels as many as petals, free or united at base, usually with a scale- like appendage. Ovules numerous, rarely 1—2 in each carpel. Fruit follicular. Seeds with little or no endosperm. 3 genera 56 species. 1. Stamens as many as sepals or petals. 3 CRASSULA. Stamens twice as many as sepals or petals. 2 2. Sepals 4. Petals 4. 2 KALANCHOE. Sepals 5. Petals 5. 1 COTYLEDON. 1. COTYLEDON L. orbiculata L. Midlands. Common. 2. KALANCHOE Adans. 1. crenata Hamet. Midlands. Common in shade. 2. hirta Harv. Midlands. 3. longiflora Schltr. Near Dumbeni. Weenen County. 3-4,000 ft. 4. paniculata Hary. Ifafa, 150 ft. alt. 5. rotundifolia Harv. Common, usually in light shade. 6. thyrsifiora Harv. Midlands. Common. 3. CRASSULA L. “inTelegi.” . brachypetala E. M. Common, all over Natal. . brevistyla Baker. Umzinyati Falls, 300 ft. . centauroides L. Common in shade. Coast and Midlands . cooperi Regel. Drakensberg. . cordata Ait. Umlaas Native Location. . corymbulosa Link. U:nzinyati Falls, 300 ft. . erenatifolia Baker.f. Van Reenen. . crenulata L.f. Inanda, 2,000 ft. . curta N.E.Br. Drakensberg and Mahwaqa Mt. . drakensbergensis Schin. Van Reenen. . dregeana Harv. . ericoides Hary. Common. . expansa Ait. Coastbelt. . falcata Wendl. Midlands. . heterotricha Schinz. Midlands. . inanis Thunb Mountains. Wet places. . Inandensis Schon. Inanda. See PRWDH KH OKO WMON A mM WH " oa) asc A co NO? ol, SAXIFRAGACEAE—#2. PITTOSPORACEAE. 9. 18. involucrata Schon. Insiswa Mountains. 19. lactea Ait. Inanda. 20. latispathulata Schén. Izingolweni, 2-3,000 ft. 21. meyeri Harv. 22. multicava Lem. Inanda. 23. muscosa L. Midlands and Drakensberg. In woods. 24. natalensis Schon. Illovo. 25. orbicularis L,. 26. pallida Baker. Midlands. Common. 27. parvula Endl. Groenberg, 2,000 ft., and Drakensberg. 28. perforata L.f. Inanda. 29. portulacea Lam. 30. recurva N.E.Br. Zululand. 31. rosularis Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 32. rubicunda E.M. Common all over. ‘isiKelehlane.” ‘33. sarcocaulis E. & Z. Midlands and Drakensberg. 34. sarmentosa Hary. Inanda. 35. sediflora Endl. Boston, 3,000—4,000 ft. 36. sessilifolia Baker. 37. stachyera E. & Z. Common all over. 38. subulata L. Van Reenen, Drakensberg. 39. tenuicaulis Sch6n. Van Reenen. 40. tenuifolia Schon. Midlands. Common. 41. vaginata E. & Z. Coinmon all over. 42. woodii Schon. Midlands. 43. rubescens Schon and Bak.f. Drakensberg, 9,500 ft. 44. campestris (E. & Z.) Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. 45. transvaaliensis O.K. Coast to Drakensberg. 46. inchangensis Engler. Inchanga, 2-3,000 ft. 47. scheppingiana Diels. Coldstream, 5-6,000 ft. 48. wylei Schon. Zululand. 49. harveyi Britt. and Bak. Drakensberg. FAMILY 61—SAXIFRAGACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Petals 4—5, free or united below stamens 4—10. Ovary 1—7 celled, superior or inferior. Ovules numerous, inverted. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. < Flowers polygamous. Petals 5, stamens 5, ovary 2 celled, many ovuled. Capsule inferior or half inferior. CHORISTYLIS. CHORISTYLIS Hary. “uBubu.” rhamnoides Harv. Midlands. Small scandent shrub. FAMILY 62—PITTOSPORACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free or nearly so. 100. 63, CUNONIACEA E--66. HAMAMELIDACEAE. Petals 5, free or united below. Stamens 5 hypogynous. Disc none. Ovary superior 1 celled or incompletely 2—5 celled. Style simple. Stigma entire or lobed. Ovules numerous inverted, as- cending or horizontal. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seed endos- permic. 1 genus 1 species. PITTOSPORUM Banks. “umFusamvu.” “umKwenkwe.” viridiflorum Sims. Common tree in all bush. Coast to Drakensberg. FAMILY 63—CUNONIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—5, free or united at base. Petals 4—5. Stamens 8—10, inserted beneath the disc. Ovary superior 2—3 celled. Ovules 2 or more to each cell. Styles 2—3 free. Fruit capsular. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. CUNONIA L. “maPetu.” “Seluma.””) “umLulama.” “um- Kwashube.” “umHlalane.” capensis L. Coast to Midland Bush. Nowhere common in Natal. FAMILY 64—MYROTHAMNACEAE. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, undivided, stipulate. Flowers dioecious without perianth. Stamens 3—8. Ovary 3-4 celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 3—4 free. Fruit capsular or separating into 2—4 nutlets. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. MYROTHAMNUS Welw. flabellifolius Welw. Locally dominant over rocks in upper districts. Near Vryheid. FAMILY 65—BRUNIACEAE. Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, small. Flowers usually in heads, hermaphrodite, 4—5 merous. Petals free or united below. Stamens 4—5. Ovary inferior or half in- ferior, 1—3 celled. Ovules 1—4 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Styles 1—3. Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. BERARDIA Sond. trigyna Schltr. Wet places. Murchison, FAMILY 66—HAMAMELIDACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Flowers uni- sexual or hermaphrodite, 4—5 merous. Peta's narrow, some- times wanting in female flowers. Stamens 4—5. Ovary 2 celled. 67. ROSACEAE. 101. Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous inverted. Styles 2. Fruit capsu- lar. Seeds with thin endosperm. 1 genus 2 species. TRICHOCLADUS Pers. “isiTambo.” 1. crinitus Pers. Coast and Midland bush. Common., 2. grandiflorus Oliv. Ngomi Forest. “inGabavu.” FAMILY 67—ROSACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Recep- tacle usually concave. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth simple or of calyx and corolla. Stamens usually nu- merous, rarely few. Carpels 1 or many, free or inferior, and more or less united. Ovules inverted. 8 genera 22 species. 1. Carpel 1 with 2 ovules, sometimes 2 celled. 2. Carpe's 2 or more, or if 1, then 1 ovuled. Flowers regular. 3. 2. Style terminal or nearly so. Petals sepaloid or 0. Tree. 7 PYGEUM. Style basal. Ovules erect. Low shrub. 8 PARINARIUM. 3. Receptacle tightly enclosing carpels, especially in fruit. 4. Receptacle cup or saucer shaped not tightly enclosing car- pels. 7. 4. Flowers dioecious, inconspicuous. Stamens many. 6 CLIFFORTIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. 5. 5. Petals absent. Herbs. 3 ALCHEMILLA. Petals present. 6. 6. Herbs. 5 AGRIMONIA. Shrubs or trees. 4 LEUCOSIDEA. 7. Herbs. 2 GEUM. Prickly scrambling shrubs. “Brambles.” 1 RUBUS. 1. RUBUS L. “Tshalo.” 1. pinnatus Willd. Very common all over. Dominant after fire in bush. 2. ludwigii E. & Z. Drakensberg. 3. rigidus Smith. Drakensberg. “Jingijolo.” 4. rosaefolius L. Eshowe. Introduced? 2. GEUM L,. capense Thb. Wet places. Midlands and Drakensberg. 3. ALCHEMILLA L. 1. capensis Thb. Common. Midlands. . elongata E. & Z. Common. Midlands. . madagascarensis O. Hoffm. . woodii O. Kuntze. Van Reenen. . natalensis Engl. \Weenen County, 4,000 ft. 4. LEUCOSIDEA E. & Z. “inClabibi.” “inTshitshi.” sericea EF. & Z. Dominant in mountain scrub. Important nk wh 102. 68. CONNARACEAE—69, LEGUMINOSAE. pioneer in forest succession in Drakensberg. (Oude- hout.) 5. AGRIMONIA L. “uMakhuthula.” eupatoria L. var capensis Harv. Common in Midlands. 6. CLIFFORTIA L,. 1. linearifolia E. & Z. Common or often dominant around margins of bush, Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. octandra Cham. 3. serpyllifolia Ch. and Sch. In marshy ground, Inanda and Zululand. 4. serrulata Diels. Zululand, 5,000 ft. 5. strobilifera Murr. Midlands. Common. “umWele.” §, natalensis J. M. Wood. Midlands. 7. prostrata Schltr. Drakensberg. n. sp. Tabanhlope. (Evans.) 7. PYGEUM Gaertn. “Dumizulu.” ‘Xalote.” “umKokoke.” africanum Hk.f. Tree. Common in Midland forest, near water. 8. PARINARIUM Juss. capense Harv. var latifolia Oliv. N.E. Zululand. ~ FAMILY 68—CONNARACEAE. Shrubs, trees or climbers. Leaves alternate, compound. Flowers regular. Sepals 5, free or united. Petals 5, free, rarely slightly united. Stamens S—10, free or united at base. Carpels 1—5, free, superior. Ovules 2 to each carpel. Fruit dry, usually dehiscing lengthwise, rarely indehiscent. 1 genus 1 species. Carpels 5. Capsules 1—2. Climbing shrub with pinnate leaves. CNESTIS. CNESTIS Juss. ‘“Hlozi.” natalensis Pl. & Sond. Coast and Midlands. Common. FAMILY 69.—LEGUMINOSAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves usually compeund and stipu- late. Flowers regular or irregular. Sepals usually 5. Petals usually 5 and free. Sometimes united, rarely 0. Stamens 5—10, or numerous. Ovary superior, 1 celled. Ovules inserted at the ventral suture. Style simple. Stigma entire. Fruit 1—2 or transversely several celled, opening along ventral suture or separ- ating transversely or indehiscent. Seeds usually exendospermic. 58 genera 280 species. 1. Petals valvate or united. Flowers regular. Leaves twice pinnate. (Mimosoideae.) 2. Petals imbricate in bud or rarely absent. Flowers irregular, or rarely nearly regular. 6. 13. 14. 15. 16. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 103. . Stamens as many or twice as many as petals. 3. Stamens indefinite, numerous. 5. . Upper flowers hermaphrodite (yellow). Lower neuter (white or red). 55 DICHROSTACHYS. Flowers all alike. 4. . Flowers sessile. 53 ENTADA. Flowers stalked. 54 ELEPHANTORHIZA. . Filaments free or inner united. 56 ACACIA. Filaments united in a tube. 57 ALBIZZIA. . Petals absent, or if present the posterior one (the one next the placenta), inside in the bud (Caesalpinoidae). 7. Petals 5, the posterior outside in the bud. (Papilionatae) 10. . Leaves simple, 2 lobed. 51 BAUHINIA. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. 8. . Leaves bipinnate. 49 HOFFMANSEGGIA. Leaves pinnate. 9. . Stamens 10. Anthers splitting. 52 SCHOTIA. Stamens less than 10 perfect. Anthers opening by pores. 50 CASSIA. . Filaments free or nearly so. (Podalyrieae and Sophoreae). 11. Filaments united or all united except one. 14. . Leaves simple or unifoliolate. l2. Leaves pinnate or trifoliolate. 13. . Flowers pink or purple. Calyx subequally 4-5 cleft. 1 PODALYRIA. Flowers yellow or white. Calyx deeply slit in one or two places. 46 BAPHIA. Fruit flat, compréssed, membranous. 47 CALPURNIA. Fruit terete, moniliform, constricted between the seeds. 48 SOPHORA. Connective of stamens produced into a small point, gland or tuft of hairs. Keel with a spur or prominence on each side near the base. One stamen free. Hairs fixed by a medial point (strigose). Flowers red or purple, rarely white. 15 INDIGOFERA. Plants differing from Indigofera. 15. Ovary sessile, 1 ovuled, not ripening underground. 1 stamen free. Leaves never with stipels, usually with resinous glandular dots. Stipules free or adnate to petiole. Flowers blue, purple or white. 14 PSORALEA. Ovary 2 or more ovuled or otherwise differing from Psoralea. 16. Filaments all or the alternate ones broadened at the apex. 17. Filaments not broadened at the apex. 19. 104. 9. LEGUMINOSAE. 17. Keel beaked. Lower two leaflets like stipules. 13 LOTUS. Keel blunt or slightly pointed. 18. 18. Herbs. Petals adnate to the staminal tube. 12 TRIFOLIUM. Shrubs. Stem woody. 17 MUNDULEA. 19. Herbs with equally pinnate leaves, the common petiole pro- duced into a bristle or tendril (introduced). 20. Petiole not produced. 2l. 20. Stamens 9. 32 ABRUS. Stamens 10. 31 VICIA. 2l. Fruit ripening underground (cultivated plants). a? Fruit not ripening underground. 23. 22. Filaments all united (monkey nut). 25 ARACHIS. One stamen free. 40 VOANDZEIA. 23. Leaves simple, unifoliolate or wanting. 24. Leaves compound. 34. 24. Anthers of 2 kinds, 5 basifixed, 5 versatile (or 5 rudimentary). 25. Anthers uniform. 29. 25. Leaves stipulate. Style bearded on inside near apex. 9 CROTALARIA.. Leaves exstipulate. Style not bearded. 26. 26. Calyx lobes distinctly unequal. 2 upper broadest. BT; Calyx lobes more or less equal. 28. 27. Leaves scattered, flat. 2 RAFNIA. Leaves fascicled, linear. 5 ASPALATHUS. 28. Leaves sessile, fascicled. 5 ASPALATHUS. Leaves more or less stalked, not fascicled. 4 LEBECKIA. 29. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young, free at the base. | 30. Uppermost stamen free throughout. 31. 30. Fruit jointed. Upper calyx lobes more or less united. Leaflets usually with stipels. 28 DESMODIUM. Fruit not jointed. Stigma usually hairy. Leaflets usually with parallel side nerves and no stipels. 16 TEPHROSIA. 31. Ovules 3 or more. Fruit jointed. 30 ALYSICARPUS. Ovules 2. Fruit not jointed. 32. 32. Fruit turgid. 44 FLEMINGIA. Fruit compressed. 33. 33. Upper calyx lobes separate or shortly united. Seeds oblong without an outgrowth at hilum. Seedcord excentral. Ovary usually very hairy. 43 ERIOSEMA. Upper calyx lobes more or less united. Seeds orbicular or reniform with an outgrowth at the hilum. Seed cord central. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. 42 RHYNCHOSIA. 34. Anthers of 2 kinds, 5 basifixed, 5 versatile (or 5 rudimentary) 35. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. 4l. 42. 43. 51. 52. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 105. Anthers all uniform. 46. Leaves digitate. 36. Leaves pinnate. 44. All the filaments united in a tube. 37. The filaments united in a sheath which is split down. 38. Leaflets 2 or 4, rarely 3. Fruit jointed, bristly indehiscent. 27 ZORNIA. Leaflets 3. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing. 10 ARGYROLOBIUM. Style bearded on inside towards apex. 9 CROTALARIA. Style not bearded. 39. Calyx 2 lipped, upper 2, lower 3 toothed. 40. Calyx segments equal or 4 upper united in pairs. 42. Keel longer than standard. Leaves exstipulate. 8 DICHILUS. Keel shorter than standard. Jeaves stipulate. 41. Fruit glandular, hairy or viscid. Calyx usually shortly 2 lipped Bracteoles leaflike. 7 MELOLOBIUM. Fruit hairy, but not glandular. Calyx deeply 2 lipped. Bracteoles usually small. 10 ARGYROLOBIUM. Fruit ovate, 1—3 seeded. Shrubs. 6 BUCHENROEDERA. Fruit linear, lanceolate or oblong. 43 Upper calyx segments united in pairs. Fruit flat. Leaves usually with 1—2 stipules. 3 LOTONONIS. Calyx oblique, 5 toothed. Fruit usually linear. Leaves ex- stipulate. 4 LEBECKIA. . Leaves equally pinnate. 19 SESBANIA, Leaves imparipinnate, numerous. 45. . Leaflets with stipels. Corolla red. 35 TERAMNUS. Leaflets without stipels. Corolla vellow. 26 STYLOSANTHES. . Leaves abruptly pinnate. 47. Leaves imparipinnate or digitate. 50. . Fruit jointed. 48. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by 2 valves. 49. . Fruit enclosed in an enlarged calyx. 24 SMITHIA. Fruit much exceeding calyn. 23 AESCHYNOMENE. . Fruit transversely septate. 19 SESBANIA. Fruit longitudinally 2 celled (more or less). 22 ASTRAGALUS. . Leaflets 3. 51. Leaflets more than 3. 71. Leaflets without stipels. 52. Leaflets with stipels. 57. Fruit spirally twisted. 11 MEDICAGO. Fruit not spirally twisted. 53) 106. 9. LEGUMINOSAE. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65, 66. 67, 68. 69. 70. Petals (at least the lower) adnate to staminal tube. 12 TRIFOLIUM. Petals free from staminal tube. 54. Ovules many. 16 TEPHROSIA. Ovules 2. 55. Leaves digitate. Fruit turgid. 44 FLEMINGIA. Leaves pinnately trifoliate. Fruit compressed. 56. See 33. Eriosema or Rhynchosia. Stem woody throughout. 58 Stem herbaceous or woody at base only. 59. Fruit jointed. Flowers not very large. 28 DESMODIUM. Fruit not jointed. Flowers large. Wings much smaller than the standard, or wanting. 36 ERYTHRINA. Leaves digitate. Fruit turgid. Ovules 2. 44 FLEMINGIA. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. 60. Fruit jointed, separating transversely. 28 DESMODIUM. Fruit not jointed, not separating transversely. 61. Uppermost stamen not frec, except sometimes at the base. 62. Uppermost stamen free. 63. Calyx bilabiate. Upper lip large 2 lobed, lower small. 37 CANAVALIA. Calyx 4—5 toothed. Two upper teeth connate. 34 GLYCINE. Style hairy above. 64. Style glabrous or hairy only at base. (Sometimes stigma hairy). 66. Calyx sub-equally 4—5 toothed. Style with hooked point. : 39 VIGNA. Calyx bilabiate, climbers. 65. Keel spirally twisted. 38 PHASEOLUS. Keel curved inwards, but not spirally twisted. 41 DOLICHOS. Ovules 1—2, usually 2. 67. Ovules 3 or more. 69. Bracteoles present. 34. GLYCINE. Bracteoles absent. 68. See 33. Eriosema or Rhynchosia. Calyx entire or obscurely toothed, gibbous at base. 33 DUMASIA. Calyx distinctly 5 toothed or 5 cleft. 70. Wings free from keel. Flowers small, red. Leaflets large. Plant hairy. 29 PSEUDARTHRIA. Wings adhering to keel. 34 GLYCINE. 71. 72: 73: 74. 75. 76. 77. 28. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 107. Climbers in bush. 72. Trees, shrubs or herbs, erect. 73. Stem herbaceous or woody at base only. 34 GLYCINE. Stem woody throughout. 45 DALBERGIA. Fruit jointed transversely (rarely reduced to a single 1- ’ seeded joint). 74. Fruit not jointed. 75. Fruit enclosed by enlarged calyx. 24 SMITHIA. Fruit much exceeding calyx. 23 AESCHYNOMENE. Tree. Fruit large, woody. 18 MILLETIA. Undershrubs. 76. Fruit more or less longitudinally septate. 22 ASTRAGALUS. Fruit not longitudinally septate. 77. Uppermost stamen united with others at middle, at least when young. Fruit coriaceous. 16 TEPHROSIA. Uppermost stamen free throughout. Fruit membranous. 78. Standard shorter than the acute keel. 20 SUTHERLANDIA. Standard longer than the blunt keel. 21 LESSERTIA. 1, PODALYRIA Lam. velutina Burch. Midlands. 2. RAFNIA Thb. sp. (Wood 3008). Inyangwine, 500 ft. 3. LOTONONIS DC. (Mostly in grassveld.) 1. adpressa N.E.Br: Stony hill, Charlestown, 5-6,000 ft. 2. ealycina Bth. Midlands and Drakensberg. 3. carinata Bth. Midlands and Drakensberg. 4. corymbosa Bth. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. “umHlambaluka.” 5. cytisoides Bth. Coastbelt. 6. dichiloides Sond. Coastbelt. Common. Often ruderal. 7. eriantha Bth. Midlands and Drakensberg. 8. foliosa Bolus. Drakensberg foothills, Zululand. 9. grandifolia Bolus. Van Reenen. 10. haygarthi N.E.B. Zululand. 11. lanceolata Bth. Midlands, Drakensberg and Zululand. 12. laxa E. and Z. Hoffenthal, 4,000 ft., and Drakensberg. 13. malacophylla Guerke. 14. prostrata Bth. Vryheid. 15. schlechteri Schinz. Zuurberg, 4,000 ft. 16. sessilifolia Harv. 17. tenella E. and Z. var glabra. Van Reenen. 18. woodii Bolus. Mahwagqa, 6-7,000 ft. 19. trisegmentata Phillips. Drakensberg. 108. @. LEGUMINOSAE. 20. wyliei Wood. Zululand, 3,000 ft., and Drakensberg. 21. galpini Dummer. Drakensberg. 4. LEBECKIA Thb. 1. maerantha Harv. and Sond. Zululand. 2. mucronata Umbumbulu, 1,500 ft. 5. ASPALATHUS L. 1. canescens L. Midlands. 2. eriophylla Walp. 3. gerrardi Bolus. Coastbelt. 4. laricifolia Berg. Midlands. Common. 5. spinosa L. Coast and Midlands. Very common. 6. BUCHENROEDERA E. & Z. 1. biflora Bolus. Zululand, 1,500 ft. 2. lotononoides Scott Elliott. Van Reenen. 3. natalense Baker. 4. sparsiflora Wood & Evans. Drakensberg, 8-9,000 ft. 5. glabrescens Dummer. 6. viminea Presl. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 7. glabrifolia N.E. Br. Drakensberg, Mont Aux Sources, 8,850 ft. 7. MELOLOBIUM E. & Z. . alpinum E. & Z. Midlands. Ladysmith. . cernuum E, & Z. Midlands. Charlestown. . decumbens Bth. Drakensberg. : . microphyllum FE. & Z. var decumbens. Bushman’s River Valley, 6-8,000 ft. 5. obcordatum Harv. Upper Tugela, 4,000 ft. 6. mixtum Dummer. Coldstream. 8 DICHILUS DC. 1. lebeckioides DC. Midlands and Zululand. 2. strictus E.M. Drakensberg. Foothills. 9. CROTALARIA L. Mostly in grassveld. 1. burkeana Bth. Midlands. . capensis Jacq. Coast and Midlands. “uMayehlezana.” .distans Bth. Thornveld. . dura Wood & Evans. Midlands. Inanda. . grantiana Harv. Inanda. . globifera E.M. Coast and Midlands. Common. . lanceolata E.M. Coast and Midlands. Common. . macrocarpa FE.M. Umkomaas. - natalitia Meisn. Coast and Midlands. Common. 10. saltiana Ands. (striata D.C.) Coast. 9a. CYTISUS L. natalensis Bolus. Bushman’s River Pass, 6,300 ft. 10. ARGYROLOBIUM E. & Z, Mostly in grassveld. wh OWA MP Wh 68. LEGUMINOSAE. 109. 1. andrewsianum Steud. Coast and Midlands. Common. andrewsianum var racemosum Harv. Inanda. Com- mon. andrewsianum var _ pauciflorum Harv. Mahwahga, 6-7,000 ft. 2. ascendens Walp. Coast and Midlands. 3. longifolium Walp. Coast and Midlands. 4. longipes N.E.B. Midlands. 5. marginatum Bolus. Coast to Drakensberg. 6. molle E. and Z. 7. nanum Schltr. Van Reenen. 8. nigrescens Dummer. Van Reenen. 9. pauciflorum C. and Z. Camperdown. 10. reflexum N.E.B. Zululand, 1-2,000 ft. 11. rupestre Walp. Common. Coast and Midlands. 12. sandersoni Harv. Midlands. 13. speciosum FE. & Z. Midlands. 14. stipulaceum FE. & Z. Midlands and upper districts. 15. sutherlandi Harv. Midlands. Common. 16. tuberosum E. & Z. Drakensberg. 17. woodii Dummer. Liddlesdale. Midlands. 18. uniflorum Harv. Coast and Midlands. Common. 19. natalense Dummer. Inanda. 20. variopile N.E.B. Drakensberg. 21. amplexicaule Dummer. Inanda to Drakensberg. 22, sankeyi Dummer. Drakensberg. 23. pilosum Harv. Drakensberg, 8,000 ft. 11. MEDICAGO L. 1. denticulata Willd. Midlands. 2. laciniata Mill. Midlands and Drakensberg. 12. TRIFOLIUM L. 1. africanum Ser. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. 2. burchellianum Ser. Midlands. 13. LOTUS E.M. discolor E.M. Coastbelt. Common. 14. PSORALEA L,. 1. caffra E. & Z. Coast and Midlands. 2. pinnata L. Midlands and mountains. “umHlonishwa.” 3. polysticta Bth. Midlands and mountains. 15. INDIGOFERA L. (Mostly in Grassveld.) 1. alternans DC. Zululand. . argyraea FE. & Z. Zululand. . arrecta Hochst. Coast and Midlands. “umPekambedu.” . corniculata E.M. Coast. . eryptantha Bth. . cylindrica DC. Near Durban Nun b wh 110. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. . ‘7. daleoides Bth. Zululand. 8. denudata Thb. Zululand. 9. dimidiata Vogel. Midlands and Drakensberg. 10. dregeana E.M. Coastbelt. 11. endecaphylla Jacq. Coastbelt. Common. 12. evansii Schltr. Drakensberg. 13. eriocarpa E.M. Inanda. 14. fastigiata E.M. Common all over. 15. filipes Bth. Zululand. 16. foliosa E.M. Midlands. 17. gerrardiana Harv. Midlands. 18. grata E.M. Coast. 19. hedyantha E. & Z. Midlands and Drakensberg. 20. heterotricha DC. Zululand. 21. hilaris E. & Z. Coastbelt. Common. 22. hirsuta Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. 23. longipes N.E.B. Midlands. 24. micrantha E.M. Coastbelt. ‘‘isiKhubabende.” 25. natalensis Bolus. Zululand and Midlands. 26. oxytropis Bth. 27. parviflora Heyne. Weenen County. 28. polycarpa Bth. Near Durban. 29. rhytidocarpa Bth. Ladysmith. 30. rostrata Bolus. Midlands. 31. rufescens E.M. 32. sarmentosa L,. 33. schlechteri Baker. Insiswa, Drakensberg, 7,000 ft. 34. setosa N.E.Br. Umbhloti. 35. tenuissima E.M. 36. tetragonoloba E.M. Coast. _Umzinyati Falls. 37. tristis E.M. Coast and Midlands. 38. velutina E.M. Near Durban. 39. vestita Harv. Coastbelt. 40. viminea E.M. Inanda. 41. woodii Bolus. Coast and Midlands. 42. alopecurus Schltr. Alexandra County. 43. zeyheri Spreng. Drakensberg, Charlestown. 44. cuneifolia E. & Z. Cathkin Peak, Drakensberg, 10,000 ft. 16. TEPHROSIA Persoon. (Mostly in grassveld.) 1. aemula Harv. 2. amoena E.M. Coastbelt and Zululand. , 3. canescens F.M. Coast sand dunes. Common. Near sea. 4. capensis Pers. capensis var angustifolia. Near Ladysmith, 3-4,000 ft. capensis var hirsuta. Near Newcastle, 4,000 ft. . diffusa Harv. Midiands. Common. on 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 25. 26. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 111. . discolor E.M. Coastbelt. Common. . elongata E.M. Coast and Midlands. . glomeruliflora Meisn. Near Greytown, 3-4,000 ft. . grandiflora Pers. Coast and Midlands and Zululand. Common in old kaffir gardens. 10. kraussiana Meisn. Coast and Midlands. Common. “inTsangwana.” 11. longipes Meisn. Coast and Midlands. Common. 12. macropoda Harv. Coast and Midlands. Common. “uQwengu” or “Lozane.” 13. cblongifolia E.M. Inanda, 1,800 ft. 14. pallens Pers. 15. plicata Oliv. 16. polystachya E.M. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. MUNDULEA DC. suberosa Bth. Midlands. MILLETTIA. Wight & Arn. 1. caffra Meisn. Tree of coastbelt forests. “umZimbiti.” 2. sutherlandi Harv. Tree in Zululand forests. Ngoye. “amKunye.” SESBANIA Persoon. 1. aculeata Poir. Coastbelt. Common. 2. aegyptiaca Poir. Coast and Midlands. 3. cinerascens Welw. Itafamasi and Insuzi. SUTHERLANDIA R.Br. “u(lu)Nwele.” frutescens R.Br. Mountains. Common in Drakensberg, especially along streams. LESSERTIA DC. . perennans DC. Coast to Drakensberg. . flanagani L. Bolus. . dykei L. Bolus. Mont Aux Sources, 9,800 ft. . thodei L. Bolus. Mont Aux Sources, 9,800 ft. . stenoloba E.M. Drakensberg, 9,000 ft. . tenuifolia E.M. Zululand. . brachystachya DC. Ubombo, Zululand. Grassveld. ASTRAGALUS L. burkeanus Schltr. Near Ladysmith, 3-4,000 ft. Ow CONN NAMA WH . AESCHYNOMENE L. 1. erubescens E.M. 2. micrantha DC. Coast grassveld. Common. 3. uniflora E.M. Vlei near Phoenix Station. . SMITHIA Ait. sensitiva Ait. Coast and Midlands. Common. ARACHIS L. hypogaea L. Cultivated “Monkey nut.” STYLOSANTHES L. mucronata Willd. Zululand, 500 ft. 112. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 27. ZORNIA Gmelin. bracteata J. Gmel. Grassveld. Common. 28. DESMODIUM Desv. ‘ 1. dregeanum Bth. Coast and Midlands. Common. . gangeticum DC. . hirtum Guill and Per. Grassveld. Common. .incanum DC. Near Durban, . paleaceum Guill and Pers. Coastbelt and Zululand. . scalpe DC. Coast to Midlands. 29. PSEUDARTHRIA. Wight & Arn. “uPandosi.” hookeri W. & A. Coast and Midlands. Common. 30. ALYSICARPUS Necker. rugosus DC. Inanda. ‘“inKonazana.” 31. VICIA L. sativa L. Introduced. 32. ABRUS L. 1. precatorius L. Cultivated. “umKhokha.” 2. pulchellus Wall. Midlands. 33. DUMASIA DC. villosa DC. Noodsberg, 2,300 ft. Climbing over shrubs. 34. GLYCINE L. ‘1. javanica L, Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. wilmsii Harms. Alexandra County. 35. TERAMNUS Swartz. labialis Spreng. Northdene, 800 ft. 36. ERYTHRINA L. 1. caffra Thb. “Kafir Boom.’ Common tree. Coast and Midlands. “umSintsi.” 2. humeana Spreng. Shrub. Coast and Midlands. “um- Hab whd Sintsana.” 3. tomentosa R.Br. Midlands. Tree veld. “umNqwabe” or “umKwabakwaba.” 4. zeyheri Harv. Under shrub. Midlands. 36a. GALACTIA P.Br. tenuiflora W. and A. Clairmont, 20—40 ft. 37. CANAVALIA Adans. 1. bonariensis Ld!. Sand dunes. Common near sea. 2. obtusifolia DC. Sand dunes. Common near sea. 3. ensiformis DC. Inanda. 38. PHASEOLUS L. schlechteri Harms. Near Ladysmith. 39. VIGNA Savi. 1. angustifolia Bth. Coast and Midlands. 2. burchellii Harv. Zululand. 3. glabra Savi. Coastbelt vleis. 4. marginata Bth. Coast and Midlands. 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 413 . retusa Walp. Viei near Durban. . tenuis D. Dietr. Near Durban. . triloba Walp. Zululand. ‘“isiKwali.” triloba var stenophylla. Near Durban. 8. vexillata. Coast to Dral:ensberg. Common. 9. luteola Bth. Weenen County. 40. VOANDZEIA Thouars. subterranea Thouars. Cultivated. 41. DOLICHOS L. 1. altigenus Schitr. 2. angustifolius E. & Z. Midlands. 3. biflorus L. Northdene, 700 ft. 4. gibbosus Thb. Midlands. 5. lablab L. Coastbelt. 6. 7 NA wH . nodiflora Bth. Alexandra County. . sericeus E.M. Midlands. 42. RHYNCHOSIA Lour. (Mostly in grassveld.) 1, adenodes FE. & Z. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. bracteata Bth. 3. caribaea DC. Midlands. Hills above Weenen. 4. cyanosperma Bth. Lower Illovo, 2,000 ft. 5. gibba E.M. Grassveld, all over. 6. grandifolia Steud. 7. hirsuta E. & Z. Coastbelt. 8. memnonia DC. Zululand. 9. minima DC. Near Durban. 10. orthodanum Bth. Common all over. 11. ovata Wood & Evans. Entumeni, Zululand. 12. pilosa Steud. Umzinyati, 300 ft. 13. quadrata Harv. Near Durban. 14. reptabunda N.E.B. Charlestown, 5-,000 ft. 15. sigmoides Bth. Near Pinetown. 16. totta DC. Common. Coast and Midlands. 17. woodii Schinz. Inanda. 43. ERIOSEMA DC. (Grassveld.) 1. cajanoides Hook.f. Inanda. 2. cordatum E.M. Inanda. “uQontzi.” 3. distinctum N.E.B. Nottingham Road. 4. kraussianum. Common: in grassveld. 5. longipes N.E.Br. Pinetown. 6: parviflorum E.M. Inanda. 7. salignum E.M. Very common in grassveld all over. “aQontzi.” 8. squarrosum Walp. Near Murchison. 44. FLEMINGIA Roxb. congesta Roxb. Midlands. 114, 69. LEGUMINOSAE. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. DALBERGIA L. “umZungulu” or “Manyenyane.” . 1. armata E.M. Coastbelt bush. “umKovati.” “umHluluwe.” 2. obovata E.M. In bush all over. “uPandhazi.” “Pandhlas.” BAPHIA Afzel. racemosa. Coast and Midlands. Common. “isiPiti.” CALPURNIA E.M. (In and around bush). “isiPane.” . intrusa E.M. In open ground all over. “Hlovane.” . lasiogyne. Coast and Midlands. ‘“umKhiphampetha.” . villosa Harv. Uncertaiii. . sylvatica E.M. Coast and Midlands. . woodii Schinz. Drakensberg and Midlands. SOPHORA Bth. nitens Bth. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cay. 1. burchellii Bth and Hook. Zululand. 2. sandersoni Wood. Tabamhlope, 6,000 ft. CASSIA L,. 1. comosa Vog. Zululand. 2. delagoensis Harv. Doubtful. 3. mimosoides L. Very common, all over. 4 a nab WH . obovata Collad. Near Durban. . occidentalis L. Common, coast and Midlands. 6. tomentosa L.f. Near Durban. BAUHINIA L,. 1. natalensis Oliv. Coastbelt. 2. tomentosa L. Bluff, near Durban. SCHOTIA Jacq. (Trees.) “Hluze.” 1. brachypetala Sond. Common in Thorn veld. “umGxama ° 2. latifolia Jacq. Thorn veld. ENTADA Adans. (Climbers). 1. natalensis Bth. Coastbelt and Midlands. Scrub and forests. 2. scandens Bth. Zululand. . ELEPHANTORHIZA Bth. “inTolwane.” “umDabu.” burchellii Bth. Grassveld. Coast to Drakensberg. . DICHROSTACHYS DC. "umSasana” or “umGagane.” nutans Bth. Often dominant in coast Thorn veld. - ACACIA Willd (mostly trees of Thorn veld). “umuNga.” . caffra Willd var tomentosa Glover. Coast and Midlands. . ataxacantha DC. MHlabane. . kraussiana Meisn. Coast and Midlands. Climber. . pennata Willd. Coast and Midlands. Climber. . eriadenia Bth. Coast and Midlands. . spirocarpoides Engl. Umvoti and Tugela. Scrub. . clavigera E.M. Coast and Midlands. . hebeclada DC. Near Colenso. CONAMNR WN 70. GERANIACEAE, iis. 9. lasiopetala Oliv. Midlands and Zululand. 10. benthami Rochbr. (arabica Willd var kraussiana.) Domi- nant over much of Thorn veld, coast and Midlands. 11. gerrardi Bth. Coast and Midlands. 12. hirtella E.M. Coast and Midlands. 13. xanthophloea Bth. Zululand. Common. ‘Fever tree.” 14. natalitia E.M. Coast and Midlands. 15. karroo Hayne (horrida Willd). Dominant over much of Midland Thorn veld. 16. robusta Burch. Lower Mooi River. 57. ALBIZZIA. Durazzini. “uSolo,” or “umBangazi,” or “um- Hlandhloti,” or “umGanankawu.” 1. fastigiata Oliv. “Flatcrown.” Dominant in coast forests. 2. welwitschii Oliv. Near Amatikulu, Zululand. 3. mossambicensis Sim. Umbhlatuzi Valley, Zululand. FAMILY 70—GERANIACEAE. Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5 (rarely 4). Petals 2~—8, usually 5. Stamens usually 2 or 3 times petals, some often sterile. Outer whorl opposite petals. Ovary lobed 5 celled, with 2 ovules in each cell (rarely 8 celled with 1 ovule in each cell). Fruit beaked. Carpels separating at maturity. 3 genera 35 species. 1. Flowers irregular with a hollow spur adnate to pedicel. 3 PELARGONIUM. Flowers regular or nearly so. Glands at bases of stamens. 2. 2. Stamens 10. 2 GERANIUM. Stamens 15 (5 bundles of 3). 1 MONSONIA. 1. MONSONIA. . attenuata Harv. Upper districts and Drakensberg. . natalensis R. Knuth. Midlands. . lanceolata (Schinz) R. Knuth. Weenen County and Mt. West, 5-6,000 ft. . praemorsa E,.M. Coastbelt. . grandifolia R. Knuth. Richmond. . biflora DC. Coast to Drakensberg. . brevirostrata R. Knuth. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. GERANIUM L. 1. alticola Schltr. Van Reenen, 6-7,000 ft. 2. canescens L’Herit. Hills above Howick, 4,000 ft., and Drakensberg. 3. caffrum E. & Z. Midlands. 4. incanum Burm. Moist places. Midlands and Drakens- berg. 5. Ilanuginosum R. Knuth. Midlands and Drakensberg. woe ion) ND oe 116. 71. OXALIDACEAE. 6. magniflorum R. Knuth. Drakensberg, 7-9,000 ft. 7. ornithopodum E. & Z. Common. Coast to Drakensberg. 8. pulchrum N.E.Br. Drakensberg vleis. 9. robustum Kze. Charlestown, 5-6,000 ft. 10. thodei R. Knuth. Drakensberg, 8-10,000 ft. 11. schlechteri R. Knuth. Lidgetton, 3,600 ft. 3. PELARGONIUM L,. Herit. 1. aconitiphyllum E. & Z. var medium R. Knuth. Common all over. aconitiphyllum var angustisectum R. Knuth. Oakfort. aconitiphyllum var latisectum R. Knuth. Coast and: Mid- lands. . flabellifolium Hary. Midlands and Drakensberg. . longiscapum Schltr. Midlands. . woodii R. Knuth. Newcastle. . bowkeri Harv. Drakensberg (woodii N.E. Br.) . grossularioides Ait. Mont Aux Sources, 7,000 ft. . capituliforme R. Knuth. Drakensberg. Tiger Cave Val- ley, 5,500—7,000 ft. 8. pseudo-fumarioides R. Knuth. Drakensberg, near Matatiele. 9. alchemilloides Ait var dentatum Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. 10. inquinans Ait. Polela, 4-5,000 ft. 11. sidaefolium (Thb.) R. Knuth. Midlands. 12. capitatum. Coast and Midalnds. 13. lateripes L. Herit. Greytown. Climbing over trees. 14. pulverulentum Sweet. Inanda. 15. vitifolium Ait. Inanda. 16. zonale Ait. Doubtful. 17. ranunculophyllum Baker. Doubtful. NA Mh WH FAMILY 71—OXALIDACEAE, Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or radical. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5 free or united at base. Stamens 10 or 5, filaments united at base. Glands at base of stamens. Ovary superior, 5-celled. Styles 5 free. Ovules axile. Fruit a capsule or berry. Endosperm fleshy. 1 genus 8 species. Stamens 10, 5 alternate shorter. Herbs. OXALIS. OXALIS L. “isiTaic.” 1. bifurca Lodd. Umzimkulu River. 2. convexula Jacq. Upper Tugela. Drakensberg, 4,000 ft. 3. corniculata L. Common all over. Ruderal. 4. pulehella Jacq. Maritzburg. 72. LINACEAE—16. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 117, 5. semiloba Sond, Common. Coast and Midlands. semiloba var flora plena. Itafamasi, 2,000 ft. 6. setosa E.M. Near Umzimkulu and Drakensberg. . smithiana E. & Z. Camperdown. 8. smithii Sond. Drakensberg. “N FAMILY 72—LINACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Petals usually 4—5, free, with imbricate or con- torted aestivation. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals. Filaments united at base. Ovary 2—10 celled. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, pendulous inverted. Fruit a capsule or drupe. Endos- perm fleshy. 1 genus 1 species. LINUM L. thunbergii E. & Z. Coast to Drakensberg. FAMILY 73—ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5 free. Stamens 10. Filaments united at base. Ovary 3-4 celled, usually with only 1 fertile. Ovules 1—2, pendulous inverted. Style 3—4 fid. Fruit a drupe. Endosperm fleshy. 2 genera 4 species. Ovary with 1 fertile 1 ovuled cell and 2 empty ones. 1 ERYTHROXYLON. Ovary with 2 fertile cells, 1 ovule in each. Fruit 1 celled. 2 NECTAROPETALUM. 1. ERYTHROXYLON P. Browne. “umBamatsheni.” “umNcaka.” “umDabeka.” 1. monogynum Roxb. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. pictum E.M. Coast and Midlands. Possibly not distinct. 3. emarginatum Schum and Thom. Midlands. Possibly not distinct. 2. NECTAROPETALUM Engl. zuluense Corbishley (Erythroxylon zuluense Schon.) Ngoya forest. ‘‘Qweleba.” FAMILY 74—ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite (rarely dioecious). Petals 4—5, free, rarely want- ing. Stamens 1—3 times as many as petals. Ovary superior, 3— 10 celled, lobed, angled or winged. Style usually simple, rarely styles 5. 1 genus 1 species. Herb with opposite pinnate leaves. TRIBULUS. TRIBULUS. Tourn. (Common in grassveld.) terrestris L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 418. 15. RUVACEAE—16. BURSERACEAE. FAMILY 75—RUTACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves gland dotted, usually strongly scented. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Mostly regu- lar. Sepals 4—5. Petals 4—5, free, rarely 0. Disc usually present. Anthers versatile. Stamens usually 1—2 times petals. Ovary usually 4—5 celled. Ovules usually 2 in each cell. Seeds with or without endosperm. 6 genera 7 species. 1. Fruit dehiscent and more or less fleshy. Leaves trifoliolate or _ pinnate. 4. 2. Leaves pinnate. (Xanthoxylon.) 6 FAGARA. Leaves simple. 3. 3. Tree. Flowers large, paniculate. 1 CALODENDRON. Shrub or undershrub. Flowers small axillary. 2 BAROSMA. 4. Fruit a berry. Leaves pinnate. 5 CLAUSENA. Fruit a drupe. Leaves trifoliate. 5. 5. Stamens as many as petals, 4—5. 4 TECLEA. Stamens twice as many as petals 8. 3 VEPRIS. 1. CALODENDRON Thb. capense Thb. “Cape Chestnut.” “umBaba.” Important timber tree in all forest, except where frosts occur. 2. BAROSMA Willd. lanceolata Sond. Around margins of bush. Coast and Mid- lands. 3. VEPRIS Comm. (Under Toddalia Juss.) ‘uMozane.” ‘um- Bozana.” “umGana.” lanceolata A. Juss. “White Ironwood.” Common tree in all types of forest and tree veld. 4. TECLEA Del. (Under Toddalia Juss.) natalensis (Sond.) Engl. Coastbelt and Midland tree veld. 5. CLAUSENA Burm. “umKhambiba.” “umSanga.” “um- Nukambhiba.” inaequalis Bth. Common tree. Coast and Midland bush. Frequent in Tree veld. 6. FAGARA L. (Xanthoxylon L.) 1. capensis Thb. Common tree. Coast and Midlands. Bush and Thorn veld. “umNungumabele.” 2. davyi Verdoorn. Forest tree. Midlands. FAMILY 76—BURSERACEAE. Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves usually pinnate. Bark resinous, thick. Flowers regular, mostly polygamous. Calyx 3—5—fid or parted. Petals 3—5 free, deciduous. Stamens twice as many as petals inserted outside the disc. Anthers versatile. Ovary 2—5 celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous or lateral. Style simple 77. MELIACEAE—%8, MALPIGHIACEAE. lly. or 0. Stigma lobed. Fruit drupelike. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 2 species. COMMIPHORA Jacq. “Corkwood.” “uMumbu.” 1, caryaefolia Oliv. Common in tree veld. 2. harveyi Engl. Tree veld, towards coast. FAMIY 77—MELIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves exstipulate, usually pinnate. Flowers regular. Petals 3—6, usually free. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals. Filaments usually united. Ovary superior, 2 or more celled.’ Ovules inverted. Style 1 or 0. Stigma entire or lobed. 5 genera 10 species. 1. Filaments free. Seeds winged. Leaves pinnate. -1 PTAEROXYLON. Filaments more or less united. Seeds not winged. 2. 2. Leaves simple. 2 TURRAEA. Leaves compound. 3. 3. Leaves bipinnate. 3 MELIA. Leaves pinnate. 4. 4. Fruit a capsule, with a leathery rind. 5 TRICHILIA. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. 4 EKEBERGIA. 1. PTAEROXYLON E. & Z. “Sneezewood.” “umTate.” utile E. & Z. Subdominant in some of the south Drakens- berg forest. Common or frequent in other forests of coast and Midlands. Occasional in Thorn veld. 2. TURRAEA L. “umHuluma.” “umHulana.” “uLulama.” “Mandhlozane.” 1. floribunda Hochst. Coast scrub. Common. “umVuma.” 2. obtusifolia Hochst. Sand dune bush. “umHlathalana.” 3. MELIA L. azedarach L. Introduced. Cultivated. 4. EKEBERGIA Sparm. “umNyamathi.” 1. capensis Sparm. Common in bush all over. Frequent in Thorn veld or Tree veld. 2. meyeri Presl. ‘Common in bush all over. 5. TRICHILIA L. 1. emetica Vahl. Coastbelt. Common. “Vungu.” ‘“um- Khula.” “Gxolo.” 2. natalensis Sond. 3. alata N.E.Br. Coast and Midlands. 4. umbellata C.DC. Umtwalumi, 2,500 ft. FAMILY 78—MALPIGHIACEAE. Shrubs, undershrubs or climbers. Leaves simple, usually stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals 3—5. 120. 79. POLYGALACEAE. Petals 5 free. Statnens usually 10. Ovary superior 2~3 celled, with 1 pendulous, inverted ovule in each cell. Styles 1—3. Frwit usually separating into mericarps. Seed exendospermic. 2 genera 3 species. 1. Leaves usually alternate. Styles 2. Ovary with 2 perfect cells, and 1 rudimentary. Flowers in racemes. 1 ACRIDOCARPUS. Leaves usually opposite. Styles 3. Ovary 3 celled. Flowers in umbels. 2 SPHEDAMNOCARPUS. 1, ACRIDOCARPUS Guill and Perr. “uMabope.” natalitius Juss. Coastbelt and Zululand. Forest. z. SPHEDAMNOCARPUS Planch. : 1. galphimiaefolius A. Juss. Cozstbelt. Doubtful. 2. pruriens A. Juss. Coastbelt and Zululand. Forest. FAMILY 79—POLYGALACEAE. Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves simple, entire. Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, the inner 2 usually petal-like. Petals 3—5, more or less adnate to staminal tube. Stamens 5—8. Filaments more or less united. Ovary superior, 1—3 celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. 2 genera 33 species. Sepals very unequal, the 2 lateral wing-like. 1 POLYGALA. Sepals subequal. 2 MURALTIA. 1. POLYGALA L. (Mostly marginal to scrub and forest.) 1. affinis DC. 2. eapillaris E.M. Coastbelt and Zululand. Moist places. 3. chloroptera Chod. 4. confusa MacOwan. Coast and Midlands. 5. durbanensis Chod. Near Durban. 6. galpini Hk. Drakensberg and Upper districts. 7. gerrardi Chod. Midlands. 8. hottentotta Presl. Grassveld. Common all over. 9. lysimachaefolia Chod. 10. myrtifolia L. Tree. Coast scrub. Common. 11. natalensis var foliosa. Chod. Alexandra County. 12. neglecta MacOwan. Coastbelt. 13. ohlendorfiana E. & Z. Midlands. Common. 14. oppositifolia L. Around margins of bush, all over. “Tete.” 15. ophiura Chod. 16. persicariaefolia DC. Weenen County. 17. producta N.E.Br. Midlands. 18. praticola Chod. Alexandra County, 2,000 ft. 19. refracta DC. Tabamhlope, 6,000 ft. 20. rigens DC. 89. EUPHORBIACEAE. 121, 21. serpentaria E. & Z. Coast and Midlands. Common. 22. rhinostigma Chod. 23. tenuifolia Link. Drakensberg foothills. 24. rarifolia DC. Coast and Midlands. Common. 25. ukambica Chod. Weenen County, 3-4,000 ft. 26. virgata Thb. Margins of bush. Common all over. 27. hispida Burch. Mont Aux Sources, 6,800 ft. 28. arcuata Chod. Hoffenthal. 2. MURALTIA Neck. 1. alticola Schltr. Drakensberg. . flanagani Bolus. Drakensberg. . pilosa DC. Common in Midlands. . lancifolia Harv. Alexandra County. . saxicola Chodat. Cathkin Peak, 8,500—9,000 ft. np Wh FAMILY 80—EUPHORBIACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. Flowers uni- sexual. Perianth simple or double or wanting. Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary superior, usually 3-celled. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Raphe ventral. Micropyle usually covered by an outgrowth of the placenta. Fruit usually capsular or schizocarpic separating into dehiscing mericarps or drupa- ceous, or of a 2-3 connate nuts. Seeds usually endospermic. 25 genera 107 species. 1. Qvules 1 in each cell of the ovary. 2. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. (Phyllantheae). 22. 2, Partial inflorescence flower-like; 1 female flower surrounded by male flowers of 1 stamen each, and with an involucre of glandular appendages. (Euphorbieae.) 3. Partial inflorescences, not flower-like, etc. (Crotomeae). 4. 3. Involucre continuous, rimlike or with 1—5 notches. Bushy shrub with terete spineless, succulent branches and large alternate leaves. 1 SYNADENIUM. Involucre with 2—8 (usually 4—5) separate glands. 2 EUPHORBIA. 4. Anthers reversed, and filaments inflexed in bud. Racemes or spikes terminal. Leaves with stellate hairs or scales. 9 CROTON. Anthers erect, and filaments straight or twice flexed in bud. 5. . Petals present in male and sometimes in female flowers. 6. Petals absent. Te 6. Flowers monoecious, rarely dioecious. Stamens 8. 10 JATROPHA. Flowers dioecious, rarely monoecious. Stamens 9. 11 CLUYTIA. 7. Calyx lobes of male flower imbricate 8. eat 122... 80. EUPHORBIACEAE. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. al. 22. 23. 24. Calyx lobes of male flowers not overlapping. 10. . Stamens 3. Filaments united into a slender tube. 24 SPIROSTACHYS. Stamens 6—10. Filaments free. 9. . Stamens 6—12, usually 10, 2 seriate peripheral. 19 ADENOCLINE. . Stamens 6—60, central. Styles free. 20 GELONIUM. . Styles united to the middle or beyond (mostly climbers). 11. Styles free or united at base only. 14. . Ovary 1 celled by abortion. 17 MACARANGA. Ovary 3 celled. (Herbs or undershrubs, usually climbing.) 12. . Flowers in dense involucrate heads. 21 DALECHAMPIA. Flowers in racemes or spikes. 13. . Stamens 30 or more. 22 CTENOMERIA. Stamens normally 3. 23 TRAGIA. . Filaments repeatedly branched. 18 RICINUS. Filaments not branched. 15. . Herbs with twining stems. Stamens 30—60. 22 CTENOMERIA. Trees, shrubs, or erect herbs. 16. Male calyx usually 3 lobed, open in bud. Stamens 2—3. 25 SAPIUM. Calyx closed in the bud. 17. Anther cells adnate laterally to a connective throughout their length, short, or dorsifixed. 18. Anther cells distinct, free or almost free, attached to the fila- ment by their base or apex only. 19. Styles very long. Stamens usually 8. 16 ALCHORNEA. Styles short, stout. Stamens usually 2—3, rarely numerous. 17 MACARANGA. Stamens numerous, 15—30. Styles plumosely laciniate. 20. Stamens few, 3—8. Styles undivided. al. Buds perulate. Capsule 2 or 1 coccous, seldom 3 coccous. 12 ERYTHROCOCCA. Buds naked. Capsule 3 coccous. 13 MICROCOCCA. Anther cells stipitate, plainly separate, oblong or linear, flexu- ous or twisted. Stamens usually 8. 15 ACALYPHA. Anther halves contiguous, at length spreading, globose. Stamens 3—7. 14 LEIDESIA. Sepals of male flowers valvate in bud. 3 BRIDELIA. Sepals of male flowers imbricate in bud. 23. Petals present in male flowers. 4 ANDRACHNE. Petals absent in male flowers. 24. Flowers in slender, catkin-like spikes. 8 ANTIDESMA. Flowers pedicellate in axillary fascicles or solitary. 25. 80. EUPHORBIACEAE. 123. 25. Disc central, inside stamens. Style or sessile stigmas, much broadened, sometimes wholly united. 7 DRYPETES. Disc outside stamens or disc glands between the filaments. Styles or style branches rather thin or broadened at apex only. 26. 26. Male flowers without a rudimentary ovary. 5 PHYLLANTHUS. Male flowers with a well-developed rudimentary ovary. 6 FLUGGEA. 1. SYNADENIUM Boiss. “umBalele” or “umDlebe.” arborescens Boiss. Shrub in coastbelt scrub. 2. EUPHORBIA L. “umSulusulu.” “isiHlontlo.” “umHlontlo.” 1. prostrata Ait. Annual weed. Introduced. Common. 2. inaequilatera Sond. Annual herb. Common. inaequilatera var perennis. Near Durban. . livida E.M. Prostrate herb. Seashore. . hypericifolia L. Annual herb. Coastbelt and Midlands. . hirta L. Annual weed. Coastbelt. . gueinzii Boiss. Coast and Midlands. gueinzii var albo-villosa N.E.Br. Inchanga, Dumisa. 7. multifida N.E.Br. Doubtful. 8. peplus E.M. Annual weed. Coast and Midlands. 9. striata Thb. Common all over. In grassveld. striata var cuspidata Boiss. Common. 10. natalensis Bernh. Common all over. 11. epicyparissias E.M. Abundant around margins of bush. epicyparissias var wahlbergii N.E.Br. Common. 12. kraussiana Bernh. Common around bush, coast and Mid- lands. 13. rhombifolia Boiss. Midlands. Thorn veld. rhombifolia var laxa N.E.Br. Midlands. Thorn veld. 14. tirucalli L. Dominant tree over much of the “succulent scrub” in river valleys such as the Tugela. Has been worked for rubber. “uMunde.” 15. bupleurifolia Jacq. Coast and Midlands. Common. 16. truncata N.E.Br. Estcourt. 17. pugniformis Boiss. Doubtful. ; 18. passa N.E.Br. (pugniformis Baker). Coastbelt. 19. franksiae N.E.Br. Camperdown. 20. weodii N.E.Br. Coastbelt. 2l. discreta N.E.Br. Mouth of Umzimkulu. 22. tugelensis N.E.Br. Tugela Valley. 23. grandicornis Goebel. Zululand. 24. cooperi N.E.Br. Tree, Umgeni Valley. 25. ingens E.M. Common tree. Coastbelt to Inchanga. “amPapa.” Amnh Ww 124. 80. EUPHORBIACEAE. 26. similis Berg. Tree. Coastbelt, near Verulam. 27. triangularis Desf. Tree. Amanzimtoti. 28. evansii Pax. Tree Marianhill. 29. grandidens Haw. Botanic Gardens, Durban. 3. BRIDELIA Willd. “umHlalamakwaba.” micrantha Baill. Common tree in coast bush. “inCinci.” 4. ANDRACHNE L,. ovalis Mull. Shrub. (Phyllanthus ovalis Sond.) Coast and Midlands. ' 5. PHYLLANTHUS L. “Dhliula mazembe.” 1. discoideus Mull. Coastbelt tree. 2. nummulariaefolius Poir. Undershrub. Coast and Mid- lands. 3. burchelli Mull. Annual herb. Coastbelt. . glaucophyllus Sond. Coast to Drakensberg. Undershrub. . madaraspatensis L Coast to Drakensberg. Woody under- shrub. 6. incurvus Thb. Coast and Midlands. Undershrub. 7. myrtaceus Sond. Shrub. Coast and Midlands. 8 9 wp . meyerianus Mull. Undershrub. Coast and Midlands. . heteruphyllus E.M. Undershrub. Coastbelt. 6. FLUGGEA Willd. microcarpa Blume. Shrub. or small tree. Coastbelt. 7. DRYPETES Vahl. Trees or shrubs. 1. natalensis Hutchin. Coastbelt. 2. arguta Hutchin. Coast and Midlands. “umHlakela.” 3. gerrardi Hutchin. Tugela. 8. ANTIDESMA LL. “umTshongi.” “umHlahla (ta).” venosum Tul. Common. Coastbelt tree. “isiBangamlota.” 9. CROTON L. 1. rivularis E.M. Mooi River. 2. sylvaticus Hochst. Large tree. Common in coast forest. “aMinya.” “uMbilu.” “umHlalajuba.” “umZilan- yoni.” 3. menyharti Pax. Tugela Valley. 4. gratissimus Burch. Midlands. “inTumbanhlosi.” “maHlabakufane.” 5. zambesicus Mull. Tugela Valley. 10. JATROPHA L. (Herbs or undershrubs.) . curcas L. Cultivated by natives. . matalensis Mull. Midlands. . latifolia Pax. Near Durban. . hirsuta Hochst. Coast and Midlands. Common “uGodidi.” . woodii O. Ktze, Ladysmith. Biggarsherg. woodii var vestita. Ladysmith. mab wh 80. EUPHORBIACEAE. 125, 11. CLUYTIA L. Herbs and shrubs. 1, katherinae Pax. Drakensberg. 2. virgata Pax and K. Hoffm. Midlands. 3. laxa Eckl. Midlands. 4. glabrescens Knauf. Zululand. “umSipane.” 5. pulchella L. Coast and Midlands. Common. “umFiyo.” “uNgwalene.” pulcheila var franksiae Prain. Amanzimtoti and Zulu- land. 3 6. mollis Pax. Alfred County. 7. affinis Sond. Midlands. Qudeni. 8. natalensis Bernh. Drakensberg and Midlands. Common. 9. platyphylla Pax. & K. Hoffm. Dumisa. Fairfield. 10. dregeana Scheele. Marianhill. 11. hirsuta E. M. Midlands. Common. hirsuta var robusta. Prain. Midlands and Drakensberg. 12. disceptata Prain. Coast and Midlands. Grassveld. Com- mon. 13. monticola S. Moore. Drakensberg and Midlands. 14. cordata Bernh. Coast and Midlands. 15. heterophylla Thb. Around bush. 12. ERYTHROCOCCA Bth. (Herbs.) 1. natalensis Prain. Coastbelt. 2. berberidea Prain. Coastbelt. 13. MICROCOCCA Bth. capensis Prain. Coastbelt and Zululand. 14. LEIDESIA Mull. capensis Mull. Ismont, 2,000 it. 15. ACALYPHA L. (Herbs and shrubs.) 1. sonderiana Mull. Near Durban. . glabrata Thb. Common. Coast and Midlands. “isiTom- boti.” “umPuputlo.” 3. indica L. Tugela. 4. segetalis Mull. Near Colenso. 5. petiolaris Hochst. Common. 6. eckloni Buili. Coastbelt. 7. peduncularis E.M. Coast and Midlands. “Sununundu.” 8. grandulifolia Buching. Coast and Midlands. 9 10 11 12 1) . entumenica Prain. Entumeni, Zululand. . depressinerva K. Schum. Coast and Midlands. . angustata Sond. Durban and Maritzburg. . punctata Meisn. Common all over. punctata var longifolia. Midlands. 13. wilmsii Pax. Shrubs or trees 16. ALCHORNEA Sw. Shrubs or trees. "glabrata Prain. Zululand. 126. 80. EUPHORBIACEAE—82. BUXACEAE. 17. MACARANGA Thouars. capensis Bth. Common coastbelt tree. Sometimes dominant in Hygrophilous bush. “umFongofongo.” 18. RICINUS L. “Castor Oil.” “umHlakuva.” communis L. Ruderal. Common all over. 19. ADENOCLINE Turcz. Herbs. 1. bupleuroides Prain. Common all over. 2. mercurialis Turcz. Midlands and Drakensberg. 3. serrata Turcz. 20. GELONIUM Roxb. africanum Mull. Shrub or tree. Near Durban. 21. DALECHAMPIA L. (Usually climbers.) 1. volubilis E.M. Near Durban. 2. capensis Spreng. Common coast and Midlands. 22, CTENOMERIA Harv. (Usually climbing.) 1. cordata Harv. Coastbelt. 2. schlechteri Prain. Umkomanzi River, 3,000 ft. 23. TRAGIA L. (Usually climbing.) 1. natalensis Sond. Inanda. 2. collina Prain. Colenso, 4-5,000 ft. 3. meyeriana Mull. Coast to Drakensberg. 4. durbanensis O. Kuntze. Coastbelt. 24. SPIROSTACHYS Sond. “umTomboti.” africanus Sond. Common coastbelt tree. 25. SAPIUM P.Br. 1. simii O. Kuntze. Coast and Midlands. Common under- sprouts. 2, reticulatum Pax. Shrub or tree. Coastbelt. 3. mannianum Bth. Common coastbelt tree. “umVumu.” “um Hlalampunzi.” FAMILY 81—CALLITRICHACEAE. Herbs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers minute, monoecious. Perianth 0, but bracteoles sometimes 2. Stamen 1, Anthers 2 celled. Ovary 4 celled. Ovules 1 in each cell, pen- dulous, inverted. Styles 2, free. Fruit separating into 4 meri- carps. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 2 species. CALLITRICHE L,. 1. bolusii Sch6n and Pax. Drakensberg. 2. compressa N.E.Br. Umbilo, in a stagnant pool FAMILY 82—BUXACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers regular, monoecious. Perianth 4 in male, 4—6 in female flowers. 83. ANACARDIACEAE. 127. Stamens 4 or 6. Ovary superior, 3 celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with a dorsal raphe. Styles 3, free, persist- ing in fruit. Fruit capsular. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. NOTOBUXUS Oliv. “Luxwezo.” natalensis Oliv. Shrub. Coastbelt. Rather rare. FAMILY 83—ANACARDIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Juice resinous. Leaves usually alternate, exstipulate. Flowers usually polygamous. Perianth of calyx and corolla. Stamens 1—15. Ovary superior, 1—5 celled. Ovules selitary in each cell, inverted with dorsal raphe. Fruit usually a drupe. Endosperm little or none. 8 genera 36 species. 1, Leaves simple. Ovary 1 celled, 1 ovuled. 2. Leaves compound. 3s 2, Ovule basal. 4 HEERIA. Ovule lateral, or apical. Coastbelt tree. 5 PROTORHUS. 3. Ovary 1 celled 1 ovuled. Sometimes with 1—2 rudimentary cells. 4. Ovary 3—5 celled. Stamens 6—15. 7. 4. Stamens 8. Sepals 4. Petals 4. (Odina.) 3 LANNEA. Stamens 4—5. 5. 5. Styles terminal. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. Fruit not winged. 6 RHUS. Styles lateral, thread-shaped. 6. 6..Calyx enlarged in fruit. Leaves pinnate. Stalk winged. 7 LOXOSTYLIS. Fruit winged. Leaflets 3. 8 SMODINGIUM. 7. Sepals free. Stone of fruit with 34 lids. 1 SCLEROCARYA. Sepals more or less united.. 8. | Sepals 4. Petals 4. Fruit usually 1 seeded (Odina). 3 LANNEA. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stone of fruit with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells. 2 HARPEPHYLLUM. 1. SCLEROCARYA Hochst (Tree). caffra Sond. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. HARPEPHYLLUM Bernh. (Tree.) ‘“Kafir Plum,” “um- Gwenye.” caffrum Bernh. Coast and Midlands. Common. 3. LANNEA Rich. (Odina Roxb.) edulis (Sond) Engl. Midlands. Inanda. “umToto.” 4. HEERIA Meisn. paniculosa (E.M.) O. Ktz. Weenen. 5. PROTORHUS Engl. “umHluti.” “isiFuce.” “isiFici. Komizo.” longifolia Engl. Dominant tree in coastbelt forest. go ” “um- 128. 84. AQUIFOLIACEAE. 6. RHUS L. (Trees and shrubs.) “inTlokoshane.” “isiHiakoti.” 1: . cuneata N.E.Br. Near Ladysmith. . dentata Thb. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. . discolor E.M. Grassveld. Common all over. . excisa Thb. Tugela Valley. 3,000 ft. alt. roy SOMNAUNE Wh crenata Thb. Groenberg, 2,000 ft. grandidens Harv. . grandifolia Eng., Inanda. . gerrardi Hary. Drakensberg. “inTovane.” . gueinzii Sond. “Ngana.” . laevigata L. Tree. Common in bush. “Red currant.” “isi Banda.” . lucida L. Common. . montana Diels. . natalensis Bernh. Coastbelt. . obovata Sond. Thorn veld. Common. . oblanceolata Schinz. 5,000 ft. alt. Thorn veld. Common. . parvifolia Harv. Umzinyati. 300 ft. . pentheri A. Zahlbr. . puberula EF. & Z. Midlands. . pyroides Burch. Drakensberg. . vefracta E. & Z. . rehmanniana Engl. Drakensberg. . rupicola Wood & Evans. Howick. . sonderi Engl. var pilosa Engl. Drakensberg. . tridentata Sond. Inanda. . truncata Schinz. 7,000 ft. alt. . villosa L,. Common. Thorn veld. ‘“Hlokoshiyane.” villosa var gracilis Eng. Drakensberg. Maritzburg. . villosissima Engl. Ellesmere, 2,000 ft. . vimiinalis Vahl. Tree. Common all over. . zeyheri var gerrardi Engl. Drakensberg. 7. LOXOSTYLIS Spr. alata Spr. Coastbelt tree. Doubtful. 8. SMODINGIUM E.M. argutum Sond. Locally abundant in Thorn veld. FAMILY 84—AQUIFOLIACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, dioe- cious. Calyx 4—7 cleft. Petals 4—7, united at base. Stamens 4—7. Ovary superior, 4—8 celled. Style short or 0. Stigma lobed. Ovules 1—2, in each cell, pendulous inverted, covered by a cupular expansion of the funicle. Fruit a drupe with 4—8 one-seeded stones, Seeds endospermic, 1 genus I species. 85. CELASTRACEAE. 129. ILEX. L. “uBupupu.” “umDuma.” “iPupuma.” mitis (L.) Rad. Tree. Common near streams. Coast to Drakensberg. FAMILY 85—CELASTRACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—5. Petals 4—5 free, imbricate in bud. Disc present. Stamens 4—5, alternating with petals. Filaments free. Ovary su- perior or sunk in the disc, 2—5 celled, rarely (Pleurostylia) 1 celled. Ovules 1—8 in each cell, inverted. Style 1 or 0. Seed usually endospermic. 5 genera 29 species. 1. Fruit capsular. Seeds with an aril. Leaves alternate. 2 Fruit a drupe or nut. Seeds without an aril. 4. 2. Ovules 3—6 in each cell. 3 PUTTERLICKIA. Ovules 2 in each cell. 3. 3. Capsules winged. Ovary usually ribbed. Disc 5 lobed. 2 PTEROCELASTRUS. Capsules not winged. Ovary not ribbed. Disc faintly lobed. 1 GYMNOSPORIA. 4. Ovary 1 celled. Ovules 2—8. Style lateral. 4 PLEUROSTYLIA. Ovary 2—4 celled. Ovules 1—2 in each cell. 5 ELAEODENDRON. 1. GYMNOSPORIA Wight & Arn. (Under Celastrus L.) 1. albata (N.E.B.) Sim. Thorn veld. “umDanghan.” 2. acuminata (L.f.) Szysz. Rather rare. Thorn veld. “umNama.” 3. angularis (Sond) Sim. Coastbelt. Inanda. Locally com- mon. 4. buxifolia (L.) Szysz. Common all over. Bush and Thorn veld. “isiBubu.” “inGqwangane.” 5. concinna (N.E.Br.) Inanda. Lidgetton. 6. cordata E.M. Near Durban. “umNama.” “umVama.” 7. laurina (Thb.) Sand dunes. 8. memorosa (E. & Z.) Szysz. Midland forests. 9. peduncularis (Sond) Sim. Midland forests. ‘“Membesa.” “inQai” or “umQai.” 10. polyacantha (Sond.) All over. 11. procumbens (L.f.) Near Durban. 12. rehmanni Szysz. Camperdown, 2,500 ft. 13. ruber (Harv.) Entumeni, Zululand. 2,000 ft. 14. rudatisii Loes. Fairfield, Dumisa, 2-3,000 ft. 15. undata (Thb.) Szysz. Inanda. 16. woodii Szysz. Inanda. 2. PTEROCELASTRUS Meisn. “Zahlulumanye.” 1. echinatus N.E.Br. Zululand, 2,000 ft. 130. 86. HIPPOCRATEACEAE—88. ICACINACEAE,. 2. rostratus Walp. Zululand, 6,000 ft. 3. variabilis Sond. Common all over. “Tywina.” 3. PUTTERLICKIA Endl. verrucosa E.M. Frequent in Thorn veld. 4. PLEUROSTYLIA Wight & Arn. “umTumyalele.” “um- Gqangqa.” capensis Oliv. Tree. Midlands and Drakensberg. 5. ELAEODENDRON Jacq. (including Cassine L. in part and Mystroxylon E. & Z.) “um or Naayi,” or “Ngai.” 1. capensis E. & Z. Inanda. . aethiopicum Oliv. Frequent in Thorn veld. ; . croceum DC. Frequent in Thorn veld. “umBomvane.” . laurifolium Harv. Zululand. Inanda. Sand dunes. . velutinum Harv. Coast. Sand dune bush. . kraussianum Sim. Midlands. Common in Thorn veld. “umKukuze.” ‘“umBofanyamagone.” 7. sphaerophyllum Pres!. Midlands. Common in Thornveld. 8. albanensis (Sond). Coast and Midland bush. Climber. ““aMabope.” Anh Wh FAMILY 86—HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, free, inserted below a disc. Stamens 3—5, inserted on or within the disc. Ovary 3 celled. Ovules inverted, 2—10 in each cell. Style 1 or 0. Fruit a capsule, drupe or separat- ing into mericarps. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 2 species. SALACIA L. (Stamens 3.) Scandent rambling shrublets. 1. alternifolia Hochst. Common coastbelt. ‘“iBontsi.” 2. gerrardi Harv. Coastbelt. FAMILY 87—SALVADORACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, entire with minute stipules. Flowers regular. Calyx 2~4 cleft. Petals 4, rarely 5, free or united at base. Stamens as many as and alternate with petals. Sometimes also 4—5 staminodes. Ovary superior 1—2 celled. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, erect, inverted. Style 1. Short. Fruit a berry or drupe. Seeds endospermic. 1 genus 1 species. AZIMA Lam. (Petals 4, ovary 2°celled, dioecious.) tetracantha Lam. Shrub with 4 spines in axils of leaves. Thorn veld. “Gegeye.” FAMILY 88—ICACINACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, regular. Perianth simple or of calyx and corolla. 89. SAPINDACEAE. 131. Stamens 4—5. Ovary superior. 1 celled. Ovules 2, pendulous, inverted, with a dorsal raphe. Style 1 or 0: Fruit a drupe. Seed 1. 3 genera 4 species. 1. Flowers in spikes, unisexual. Perianth 4 parted. Climber. 1 PYRENACANTHA. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx and corolla present. Trees or shrubs. 2. 2. Petals free. Sepals usually united high up. 2 APODYTES. Petals united. Sepals united only at base. 3 CASSINOPSIS. 1. PYRENACANTHA Hook. “umSekelo.” scandens Planch. Coastbelt bush. Climber. 2. APODYTES E.M. ‘“umDakane.” dimidiata E.M. Tree. Common all over. 3. CASSINOPSIS Sond. (Shrubs.) capensis Sond. Midlands. Fairly common. “Hlazane.” tinifolia Harv. Coastbelt. Rarer. “Mamba-eli-hlaza.” FAMILY 89—SAPINDACEAE. Trees, shrubs or rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, usually com- pound. Flowers polygamous or unisexual. Calyx 4—5 parted. Petals 4—5 or 0. Stamens 4—24, usually 8, inserted within the disc. Ovary superior, 2—8 usually 3 celled, sometimes only 1 fer- tile. Ovules 1—2 in each ovary cell. Curved. Style 1. Seeds exendospermic. 6 genera 10 species. 1. Ovules 2 or 3 in cach cell of ovary. 2. Ovules 1 in each cell of ovary. 3. 2. Petals present. 3 HIPPOBROMUS. Petals absent. Fruit a winged capsule. 6 DODONAEA. 3. Herbaceous climber. Fruit a winged capsule. 1 CARDIOSPERMUM. Trees or shrubs. 4. 4. Leaves pinnate. 4 SAPINDUS. Leaves simple or trifoliolate. 5. 5. Sepals 4. 2 ALLOPHYLUS. Calyx 5 lobed. 5 PAPPEA. 1. CARDIOSPERMUM L. halicacabum L. Coastbelt herb. ‘“iKambileziduli.” 2, ALLOPHYLUS L. (Schmidelia L., Allophyllus Gleditsch.) 1. decipens Radkl. Coast and Midlands. “umCandotambo.” 2. erosus Radkl. Sand dune shrub. Abundant. 3. melanocarpus Radki. (S. africana DC). Coast and Midlands. “umHloshazana.” 4. monophyllus Radkl. Coast and Midlands. “Hlaguti.” “maTandazana.” 132. 9. MELIANTHACEAE—91. BALSAMINACEAE. 5. rehmannianus (Szysz). Near Durban. 3. HIPPOBROMUS E. & Z. “uDwiya.” “uQume.” “isiTime.” alata E. & Z. Small tree. Common in Thorn veld. 4. SAPINDUS L. ‘“iGololenkama.” “umZinkawa.” ‘“Masibele.” oblongifelius Sond. Common in coastbelt bush. 5. PAPPEA E, & Z. “iLitye.” capensis E. & Z. Lower Mooi River. 6. DODONAEA L. viscosa Jacq. Coastbelt. FAMILY 90—MELIANTHACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—5, free or united at base. Petals 4—5. Stamens 4—10 inserted within the disc. Ovary superior, 4—5 celled. Style 1. Fruit a capsule. Seeds endospermic. 3 genera 7 species. 1. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Stamens 10. 1 GREYIA. Leaves pinnate, stipulate. Stamens 4—5. 2. 2. Sepals very unequal. Petals 4, rarely 5, shorter than sepals. 2 MELIANTHUS. Sepals nearly equal. Petals 5 longer than sepals. 3 BERSAMA. 1. GREYIA Hk. & Harv. “inDalu.” sutherlandi Hk. and Hary. In rocky places. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 2. MELIANTHUS L. 1. insignis O. Kuntze. Charlestown. Wet places. 2. villosus Bolus. Midlands and Drakensberg. Wet places. 3. BERSAMA Fres. 1. abyssinica Fres. 2. tysoniana Oliv. Uncertain. 3. lucens Szysz. Coast and Midlands. “isiNdiyandya.” 4. stayneri Phillips. Ingeli. Riverside. FAMILY 91—BALSAMINACEAE. Succulent herbs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers irre- gular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3 (or 5 with 2 minute), posterior spurred. Petals 5 or 3. Stamens 5. Anthers imperfectly united. Ovary superior, 5 celled. Ovules 3 or more in each cell, pendu- lous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style 1. Stigmas 1 or 5. Fruit dehiscing elastically. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 2 species. IMPATIENS L. 1. capensis Mcerb. Common all over in damp bush. 2. flanaganae Hemsley. Umtwalumi, 1,500 ft. 92, RHAMNACEAE. 133. FAMILY 92—RHAMNACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, stipulate or (Phylica) ex- stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Re- ceptacle cup shaped. Sepals 4—5. Petals 4—5 or 0. Stamens 4—5 alternating with sepals. Ovary 2—4 celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, basal inverted. Seeds endospermic. 6 genera 9 species. 1, Ovary free, not sunk. Leaves penninerved. 2: Ovary inferior or half inferior, or sunk in the disc. 3. . Disc thin. Styles 3~4. 2 RHAMNUS. Disc fleshy lining calyx tube. Style 1 short. 3 SCUTIA. . Ovary sunk in disc. Leaves 3—5 nerved from base. Stipules spiny. 1 ZIZYPHUS. Ovary inferior or half inferior. Leaves penninerved or ex- stipulate. 4. . Ovary half inferior. Style simple, 3 angled. Stigma 3 lobed. 4 NOLTEA. Ovary inferior. Limb of calyx persistent. 5, . Style simple. Stigma 3 lobed or entire. Leaves exstipulate. 6 PHYLICA. Style 3 cleft. Leaves stipulate, broad, suborbicular. 5 HELINUS. . ZIZYPHUS Juss. “imBufa.” “umPafa.” “‘umLahlankosi.” l. mucronata Willd. Common all over. Bush and Thorn veld, especially in fairly deep soil. “Wait a bit” thorn. mucronata var glabrata Sond. Pinetown, Camperdown, Maritzburg. mucronata var pubescens Sond. Inanda. 2. zeyheriana Sond. On rocks, near Ladysmith. . RHAMNUS L. 1. prinoides L’Herit. “Blinkblaar.’ Common in scrub. Coast to Drakensberg. “uNyenye.” 2. zeyheri Sond. Camperdown. Lower Umzimkulu. “Red Ivory.” “umGologoti.” . SCUTIA Brogn. “inGqapunana.” ‘“umSondeza.” indica Brogn. “Katdoorn.” Common in bush and thorn veld. All over. . HELINUS E.M. “uBupupu.” ovata E.M. Climber in bush. Common. ovata var rotundifolia Sond. . PHYLICA L. “umDidi.” ‘“umHlulamite.” 1. paniculata Willd. Rocky places. Margins of bush. Common. 2. oleaefolia Vent. . NOLTEA Reich. africana Reich. Coastbelt. Umzinyati Falls, 1,000 ft. 134, 93. VITACEAE—94. TILIACEAE. FAMILY 93—VITACEAE. Shrubs or undershrubs, usually climbing. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers regular, in cymose inflorescences. Calyx small, cup-shaped. Petals 3—7, free or united. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals. Ovary 2—8 celled, on or sunk in the disc. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, inverted with ventral raphe. Style 1, sometimes indistinct. Stigma entire or 2—4 lobed. Fruit a berry. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 19 species. Petals 5 or 6, rarely 4 or 7, thickened fleshy. Disc adnate to ovary. Style usually short. 1 RHOICISSUS. Petals 4, not thickened. Disc saucer shaped 4 lobed and adnate to ovary at base only. Style usually long. 2 CISSUS. 1, RHOICISSUS Planch. (Climbers.) “isiNwazana.” 1. capensis (Willd) Planch. Coast and Midlands. Com- mon. “umNungwane.” 2. cirrhiflora (L.f.) Gilg. and Brandt (cuneifolia Planch). Coast to Drakensberg. “isiNwasi.” 3. digitata Gilg. and Brandt. Coast to Drakensberg. 4. erythrodes Planch. Coast to Drakensberg. 5. rhomboidea (E.M.) Planch. Coast and Midlands. “amTwazi.” 2. CISSUS L,. 1. cirrhosa Thb. Coast and Midlands. Bush and Thorn- veld. 2. connivens Lam. Coast to Drakensberg. 3. cussonioides Schinz. Midlands and Drakensberg. 4. fragilis E.M. Coastbelt. Common. 5. gracilis G. & P. Zululand. 6. humilis (N.E.Br.) Planch. Midlands. Prostrate plant. 7. hypoleuca Hary. Coasthelt. “uDekane.” 8. lanigera Harv. Coastbelt. 9. sandersonii Harv. 10. scarlatina Gilg & Brandt. ; 11. quadrangularis L. Zululand and Coastbelt. 12, quinata Ait. 13. woodii Gilg. and Brandt. Midlands. 14. flaviflora Sprague. Coastbelt. FAMILY 94—TILIACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves with deciduous stipules. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—5, valvate in bud. Petals 4—5 or 0. Stamens 10 or more, rarely 5—9, free or united in 4—10 bundles. Anthers 2 celled. Ovary superior 2—10 celled. Style 1. Stigmas 2—10. Seed endospermic, 4 genera 16 species. 95. MALVACEAE. 135. 1. Flower 4 parted. Outer stamens sterile. 3 SPARMANNIA. Flower usually 5 parted. Outer stamens not sterile. 2. 2. Receptacle not stalklike. Anthers linear or oblong. Prostrate herbs. 4 CORCHORUS. Receptacle forming a stalklike column which bears stamens and ovary. Anthers roundish. Trees, shrubs or erect herbs. 3. 3. Tall erect herbs. Fruit spiny. 2 TRIUMFETTA. Trees and shrubs. Fruit fleshy. 1 GREWIA. 1. GREWIA L. “iKlolo.” 1. angolensis Welw. Maritzburg. Doubtful. 2. caffra Meisn. Common in coast bush and Thorn veld. 3. flava DC. Thorn veld. 4. hispida Harv. Stony places. Midlands and Drakensberg bush. 5. lasiocarpa E.M. Creeper. Common. Coast and Midland bush and Thorn veld. 6. flavescens Juss.. Midlands. Doubtful. 7. occidentalis L. Common. Coast to Drakensberg. In bush and Thorn veld. “iLalanyathi.” - 2. TRIUMFETTA L. Weeds. 1. annua L. Weeds. 2. effusa E.M. Common all over. 3. rhomboidea Jacq. Common all over. ‘“iNothwane.” 4. sonderi Ficalho and Hiern. Zululand. 3. SPARMANNIA Lf. palmata E.M. Coast and Midlands. Common. 4. CORCHORUS L. . 1. asplenifolius Burch. Common in Midland. Grassveld. 2. serraefolius Burch. Greytown. 3. trilocularis L. Midlands and Zululand. 4. discolor N.E.Br. Near Stanger, 150 ft. FAMILY 95—MALVACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers regular. Calyx 5, rarely 3—4 cleft, valvate in bud. Petals 5, adhering to staminal tube with contorted aestivation. Stamens many, united in a tube. Anthers 1 celled. Pollen grains large prickly. Ovary superior, 3 or more celled, or apocarpous. Seeds endospermic. Embryo curved. 9 genera 40 species. 1. Style branches 10, twice as many as carpels. 6 PAVONIA. Style branches as many as carpels or 7. 2 2. Staminal tube loaded with anthers at the top. Carpels separable, disposed in a ring round central axis. (Malveae) 3. 136. 95. MALVACEAE. Staminal tube with anthers on outer face. Carpels united in a capsular fruit. (Hibisceae.) 7s 3. Carpels with 1 ovule each. 4. Carpels with 2 or more ovules. 6. 4. Ovule pendulous. Epicalyx absent. 3 SIDA. Ovule ascending. Epicalyx of 3 bracteoles present. 5. 5. Style branches pointed bearing stigma on inner face. 1 MALVA. Style branches capitate, with stigma at the thickened apex. 2 MALVASTRUM. 6. Epicalyx of 3 bracteoles present. 5 SPHAERALCEA. Epicalyx absent. 4 ABUTILON. 7. Style split into fairly long branches. Ovary 5 celled. 7 HIBISCUS. Style simple or split into very short erect branches. 8. 8. Calyx not dotted. Ovary 5 celled. 9 THESPESIA. Calyx sprinkled with black dots. Ovary 3—4 celled. 8 CIENFUEGOSIA. - MALVA L. parviflora I,, Drakensberg and Midlands. Ruderal. . MALVASTRUM A. Gray. capense Gray & Harv. Izingolweni, 2,000 ft. . SIDA L. ; . acuta Burm. Near Durban. . cordifolia L. Coastbelt. . capensis FE. & Z. Coast and Midlands. . rhombifolia L. Common all over, often ruderal. . spinosa L. Oakford, 1,000 ft. . triloba Cav. Midlands. . longipes E.M. Common. . ABUTILON Gaertn. 1. indicum Sweet. Coastbelt. 2. sonneratianum Sweet. Coast to Drakensberg. . SPHAERALCEA St. Hil. pannosa Bolus. Mt. Erskine, 6-7,000 ft. . PAVONIA L. 1. columella Cav. Inanda, 1,800 ft. 2. dregei Gurcke. Near Durban. 3. kraussiana Hochst. Coastbelt. 4. odorata Willd. Coastbelt. 5. urens Cav. Tugela Valley. . HIBISCUS L. : 1. aethiopicus L. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. atromarginatus FE. & Z. Upper Tugela. Drakensberg. 3. calycinus Willd. Coast and Midlands. 4. cannabinus L, Coast and Midlands. Common. NAMB Wh | 96. STERCULIACEAE. 137. 5. diversifolius Jacq. Coastbelt and Zululand. 6. furcatus Roxb. Near Stanger, 150ft. 7. gossypinus Thb. Coast and Midlands. Around bush. 8. leiospermus Harv. Van Reenen. Draknsberg. 9. malacospermus E.M. Weenen and Drakensberg. 10. micranthus L. Greytown. 11. natalitius Harv. Coastbelt, rare. 12. pedunculatus Cav. Coast and Midlands. Common. 13. physaloides G. & P. Coastbelt weed. 14. pusillus Thb. Coastbelt, Midlands, and Zululand. 1S. ricinifolius E.M. Midlands. 16. saxatilis Wood & Evans. Drakensberg, 5-6,000 ft. 17. surrattensis I. Coast and Midlands. “inCathucathu.” 18. tiliaceus L. Around seacoast, lagoons. Common. “um- Lolo.” 19. trionum L. Common all over. Weed. trionum var hispidus. Drakensberg. Moist places. trionum var hastaefolius. Inanda, 2,000 ft. 20. verrucosus G. & P. Ifafa, 1,800 ft. 8 CIENFUEGOSIA Cav. (Fugosia Juss.) gerrardi (Harv.) Camperdown. 9. THESPESIA Corr. 1. rehmanni Szysz. Ladysmith. Doubtful. 2. populnea Cav. Zululand. FAMILY 98—STERCULIACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, stipulate. “Sepals 4—7, more or less united. Petals 5 or 0. Stamens 5 or more. Filaments more or less united. Anthers 2 celled. Ovary su- perior 4—10, rarely 1 celled, or apocarpous. Ovules inverted, usually 2 or more to each carpel. Seeds usually endospermic. 5 genera. 36 species. 1. Flowers unisexual, without a corolla. 1 COLA. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, with a corolla. 2. 2. Stamens 5. Staminodes minute or wanting. 3 Stamens 10 or more, or if 5, then alternating with long staminodes. 4. 3. Filaments free. Ovary 5 celled. 2 HERMANNIA. Filaments united below. Ovary 1 celled. 3 WALTHERIA. 4. Fertile stamens 5. 4 MELHANIA. Fertile stamens 10 or more. 5 DOMBEYA. 1. COLA Schott. “iliTenenende.” natalensis Oliv. Coastbelt. Tree. 2. HERMANNIA L. (including Mahernia L.) 1. cristata Bolus. Upper districts. Common. 138, 9. STERCULIACEAE. . sandersoni Harv. Inchanga. . grandistipula K. Schum. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. . vernicata (Burch) K. Schum. Between Maritzburg and Greytown. . coccocarpa (E. & Z.) K. Schum. Drakensberg and upper districts. . gerrardi Hary. Midlands and Drakensberg. . transvaalensis Schinz. Drakensberg, 7,000 ft. . woodii Schinz. Midlands, 2-4,000 ft. . auricoma (Szyszyl) K. Schum. Midlands. . depressa N.E.Br. Midlands and Drakensberg. Com. mon. . saccifera (Turcz) K. Schum. Maritzburg. . parviflora (E & Z.) K. Schum. Midlands. . betonicifolia E. & Z. Bet. Greytown and Newcastle. . geniculata EF. & Z. Drakensberg. . schlechteriana Schinz, MS. Zuurberg, 4-500 ft. . malvifolia N.E.Br. Bushmans River, Drakensberg, 6,500 feet. . modesta (Ehrenb) Planch. . brachypetala Harv. Zululand. . gracilis (Harv.) Zululand. . oligosperma K. Schum. Amahwagqa, 6-7,000 ft. . velutina DC. Melvern, 600 ft. . veronicifolia (E. & Z.) K. Schum. Glencoe, 4-5,000 ft. . wilmsii Engl. Midlands. 24, medleyi Engl. Newcastle. 3. WALTHERIA L,. americana L,. var indica (L.) K. Schum. Umzinyati, 800 ft. 4. MELHANIA Forsk. 1. 2. 3. didyma E. & Z. Midlands. didyma var linearifolia. Szyszyl. prostrata P.DC. ovata Spreng var oblongata K. Schum. 5. DOMBEYA Cav. “iBunda.” ds 2. HDAnb W cymosa Harv. Upper Umlaas and Mooi River, 3,000 ft. “umXaba.” burgessiae Gerr. Klip River and Zululand. burgessiae var crenulata Szyszyl. Newcastle and Big- garsberg. . dregeana Sond. Coast and Midlands. . gracilis K. Schum. 250 ft. alt. . natalensis Sond. Coast and Midlands. Common. . rotundifolia Planch. Coastbelt and Midlands. Com- mon. ‘Hlibehlo.” 97, OCHNACEAE—99. VIOLACEAE. 139. 7. pulchra N.E.Br. Hlabisa, Zululand. FAMILY 97—OCHNACEAE. , Trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, usually stipu- late. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4—6. Petals 4—6 free, deciduous. Anthers opening by apical pores. Carpels almost free, but with a common style, or united. Ovules with vantral raphe. Fruit in Ochna drupaceous. Seed exendospermic. 1 genus 3 species. OCHNA L. “umHlezane.” “umTelelo.” “umTensema.” “Hilazane.” 1. arborea Burch. Tree. Coast and Midlands. In bush. 2. atropurpurea DC. Shrub. Coast and Midlands. Out- side bush. 3. natalitia Engl. & Gilg. Drakensberg. FAMILY 98—GUTTIFERAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 4—5. Petals 4—5. Stamens numerous. Ovary superior, 1—many celled. Styles 1— many. Seeds exendospermic. 2 genera 6 species. 1. Styles 3—5. Herbs or undershrubs. 1 HYPERICUM. Style 1. Small tree. 2 GARCINIA. 1. HYPERICUM L. 1. aethiopicum Thb. In grassveld. Common “uSukum- bili.” 2. lalandii Choisy. In vleis. Common. lalandii var macropetalum Drakensberg. lalandii var lanceolatum. Drakensberg. 3. lanceolatum Lam. Moist places. Midlands. Shrub. 4. natalensis. Wood & Evans. Mooi River, 4,000 ft. 2. GARCINIA L. “isiBinda.” 1. gerrardi Harv. Bush. Coastbelt tree. 2. natalensis Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County, 2-3,000 ft. FAMILY 99—VIOLACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers more or less irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, free. Stamens 5. Ovary su- perior sessile, 1 celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules in- verted. Style 1. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal. Seeds exendosper- mic. 2 genera 6 species. 1. Flowers distinctly irregular. Lower petal saccate or gibbous. Herbs or undershrubs. (lonidium.) 1 HYBANTHUS. Flowers nearly regular. Petals subequal, not saccate. Shrubs or trees. 2 RINOREA. 140. 100, FLACOURTIACEAE. 1. HYBANTHUS Jacq. (lonidium Vent.) 1. caffer (Sond) Engl. Coastbelt. caffer var angustifolius Engl. 2. capensis (R. & Sch.) Engl. Inanda, 1,800 ft. 3. natalensis (Harv.) Inanda. Doubtful. 4 thymifolius (Presl.) Engl. Zululand. 2, RINOREA Aubl. “isiKatankobu.” “Twakele.” 1. ardisiaefolia (Welw.) Sim. Coast and Midlands. 2. natalensis Engl. Noodsberg 2,500 ft. FAMILY 100—FLACOURTIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Petals free or 0. Stamens as many as sepals or more, Ovary superior or half inferior 1 celled (rarely 2 or more celled) with usually 2—8 parietal placentae. Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, inverted. Seeds usually endospermic. 10 genera 21 species. 1. Perianth leaves arranged spirally, the inner with small ‘scale- like appendages ‘at the base, the outer much smaller. 1 RAWSONIA. Perianth leaves whorled. Sepals and petals present or sepals only. 2. 2. Petals present. 3. Petals absent. 9. 3. Petals more than sepals, unappendaged. Stamens numerous. 4. Petals as many as sepals. 5; 4. Branches without spines. Fruit dehiscent. Seeds few. . 2 XYLOTHECA. Branches spinous. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds numerous. 3 ONCOBA. 5. Petals 5 with scale-like appendages at base. Anthers open- ing at the top. 4 KIGGELARIA. Petals without scales. Anthers opening lengthwise. 6. 6. Stamens numerous, not in bundles. Fruit a berry. 5 SCOLOPIA. Stamens, singly or in bundles, opposite the petals. Fruit a capsule. 7. 7. Flowers dioecious. 6 TRIMERIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. 8. 8. Style 1. Stigma 1, capitate. 7 GERRARDINA. Styles 2—6. 8 HOMALIUM. 9. Style 1. Fruit a capsule. 9 CASEARIA. Styles 2-6. Fruit a berry. 1¢@ DORYALIS. 1. RAWSONIA Harv. and Sond. “Nanga” lucida Harv. & Sond. Small tree. Coastbelt. 9. 101. PASSIFLORACEAE. 1a. . XYLOTHECA Hochst. 1. kraussiana Hochst. Coastbelt. Common. “umNamnami.” 2. tettensis (Klotsch) Gilg. Coastbelt. » ONCOBA Forsk. spinosa Forsk. Coastbelt. Common. . KIGGELARIA L. “umFeyenkomo.” “Munwe.” 1. africana L. Coast to Drakensberg. _ 2. dregeana Turcz. Coast to Drakensberg. Common. “GsiKali.” . SCOLOPIA Schreb. “umQokolo.” ‘“umHlambahlala.” 1. eckloni (Arn) Harv. All over. In bush. 2. gerrardi Harv. Coastbelt chiefly. Probably a variety of eckloni. 3. mundii Warb. All over, but chiefly upper districts. 4. zeyheri (Arn.) Harv. “Thorn Pear.” Common in forest and Thorn veld. . TRIMERIA Harv. “iDlebelendhlovu.” 1. grandifolia Hochst. Common in bush all over. 2. trinervis Harv. Shrub. Coast and Midlands. . GERRARDINA Oliv. “Zeti” or “Leti.” foliosa Oliv. Inanda. Murchison Flats and Zululand. . HOMALIUM Jacq. 1. rufescens Bth. Coastbelt. 2. dentata (Harv.) CASEARIA Jacq. “umJuluka.” junodi Schinz. ’Nkandhla forest, 4-5,000 ft. 10. DORYALIS Arn and Mey. (incl. Aberia Hochst.) 1. rhamnoides (Burch) Harv. Coast and Midlands. “ywm- Kokolo,” “umNyegane.” 2. tristis (Sond) Warb. Thorn veld. 3. caffra (Hk. and Harv.) Sim. Midlands and Drakens- berg. 4. celastroides Sond. Coast and Midlands. 5. lucida Sim. Midlands, Zwartkop. FAMILY 101—PASSIFLORACEAE. Usually tendril bearing plants. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—6. Petals 4—6, free or 0. Receptacle usually produced into a corona. Stamens 4—10. Ovary superior, 1 celled with 3, rarely 4—5, parietal placentas, and numerous inverted ovules. Seeds arillate. Endosperm fleshy. 2 genera 3 species. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. Corona triple. 1 TRYPHOSTEMMA. Flowers usually unisexual. Corona simple, double or (in the Natal species) wanting. 2 ADENIA. 142. 102, ACHARIACEAE—104. CACTACEAE. 1. TRYPHOSTEMMA Harv. _ sandersoni Harv. Grassveld. All over. 2. ADENIA Forsk. (including Modecca Lam. and Ophiocaulon Hk.f.) 1. digitata (Harv.) Vryheid, Zululand. 2. gummifera Harv. Coastbelt. “imFulwa.” FAMILY 102—ACHARIACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers regular, monoecious. Sepals 3—5. Petals 3—5, united below. Stamens 3—5, affixed to corolla. Corona of 3—5 scales. Ovary superior, 1 celled, with 3—5 parietal placentas, bearing 2 or more inverted ovules each. Styles 3—10 cleft. Fruit a capsule. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 2 species. Stem twining. Leaves 5—7 lobed. 1 CERATIOSICYOS. Above ground, stem wanting. Leaves undivided. 2 GUTHRIEA. 1. CERATIOSICYOS Nees. eckloni Nees. Midlands, in bush. 2. GUTHRIEA Bolus. capensis Bolus. Drakensberg, 10,000 feet. Under rocks in damp places. , FAMILY 103—BEGONIACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually oblique, stipulate. Flowers monoecious. Perianth simple of usually 2—5 free segments. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior 2—6 celled, usually winged. Ovules many inverted. Styles 2-6. Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 7 species. BEGONIA L. (Mostly in bush.) ..caffra Meisn. . dregei Ott and Dietr. Inanda, in bush. . geranioides Hk.f. Midlands. Common in bush. . natalensis Hk. Midlands. Common in bush . richardsiana T. Moore. DAuap Wh = . suffruticosa Meisn. var gueinziana. Inanda, in moist bush. 7. sutherlandi Hk. Midlands. FAMILY 104—CACTACEAE., Succulent plants, usually with jointed stems. Leaves usually scale-like, often deciduous. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 8 or more segments. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior, 1 celled, with several parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Style 105. OLINIACEAE—106. THY MELAEACEAE. 143. 1. Stigmas several. Fruit a berry. Seed endospermic. 2 genera 4 species. 1. Plants without barbed spines. Slender straggler. 1 RHIPSALIS. Plants with barbed spines at least on fruit. 2 OPUNTIA. 1, RHIPSALIS Gaertn. “uGebelewene.” cassytha Gaertn. Hanging from rocks and trees in Mid- lands. 2..OPUNTIA Haw. “Prickly Pear.” 1. monacantha Haw. Introduced. 2. tuna Mill. Introduced. 3. ficus-indica Mill. Introduced. FAMILY 105—OLINIACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate. Flowers regular 4—5 merous. Calyx petaloid. Petals smaller than sepals. Fertile stamens 4—5 opposite petals. Ovary inferior 3—5 celled. Ovules 2—3 in each cell, inverted. Style 1. Stigma 1. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 1 species. OLINIA Thb. “inKunzi.” “isiShoba.” “inQutu.” 1. drakensbergensis Hofmeyr MSS. Upper districts and Drakensberg. FAMILY 106—THYMELAEACEAE. Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, ex- stipulate. Flowers 4—5 merous. Sepals petaloid. Petals (or petal-like scales) present or absent. Stamens as many or twice as many as sepals. Ovary superior 1—5 celled. Ovules 1 in each cell. Receptacle usually forming a deep hollow “calyx tube.” Style simple. Stigma entire. Fruit a drupe or nut. 8 genera 32 species. 1. Ovary 2 celled. Petals 0. Fruit a drupe. Trees or shrubs. 8 PEDDIEA. Ovary 1 celled. 2. 2. Petals absent. 3. Petals present. 5. 3. Hypogynous disc present, cupular, membranous. Shrub with leaves, usually 2% by 1% inches. 1 DAIS. Hypogynous disc not present. Heathlike shrubs. 4. 4. Stamens included. Tube slender cylindrical. 2 ARTHROSOLEN. Stamens exserted. Tube urceolate. 3 PASSERINA. 5. Stamens as many as calyx lobes. 4 STRUTHIOLA. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes. 6. 144, 106. THY MBHLAEACEAR. 6. Flowers in ebracteate terminal fascicles. 7 ENGLERODAPHNE. Flowers in bracteate heads or spikes rarely axillary. 7. 7. Flowers 4 merous. 5 GNIDIA. Flowers 5 merous. 6 LASIOSIPHON. 1. DAIS L,. cotinifolia L. Common in Midlands. 2. ARTHROSOLEN C.A. Meyer. (Mostly grassveld.) 7. . LA 1. calocephalus C.A.M. Coast and Midlands. 2. gymnostachys C.A.M. Midlands. 3. variabilis C. H. Wright. Midlands and upper districts. 4. phaeotrichus C. H. Wright. Midlands and Drakensbcr: . PASSERINA L. 1. filiformis L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 2. ericoides L. Coast to Drakensberg. 3. rigida Wikstr. Coast. Sand dunes. rigida var comosa. Meisn. Sca shore. 4. corymbosa Eckl. Mooi River, 4,000 ft. 5. eriophora Gandog. Near Durban. . STRUTHIOLA L. 1. congesta C. H. Wright. Damp valley, near Murchison. 2. parviflora Bart], Mont Aux Sources. . GNIDIA L: (Mostly in grassveld.) 1. microcephala Meisn. Midlands. . fastigiata Rendle. Tabamhlope. . polystachya Berg. Mont Aux Sources. . woodii C. H. Wright. Midlands. . stellatifolia Gandog. Pinetown. . nodiflora Meisn. Coast and Midlands. . ovalifolia Meisn. Coast and Midlands. ‘“uHlosa.” IOSIPHON Fresen. Mostly in grassveld. . splendens Endl. Coast and Midlands. . macropetalus Meisn. Coast and Midlands. dregeanus Endl. Durban. . linifolius Decne. Abundant in Midland grassveld. . polyanthus Gilg. Coast to Drakensberg. . anthylloides Meisn. Coast to Midlands. Common. “inDolo.” . meisnerianus Endl. Coast and Midlands. Common. “isiDikili.” 8. triplinervis Decne. Midlands and Mts. 9. caffer Meisn. Midlands and Drakensberg. 10. kraussii Meisn. Midlands. Common. “umVuzane.” ENGLERODAPHNE Gilg. leiosiphon Gilg. Maritzburg. An Wd RP NNA MA WH N 107. LYTHRACEAE—109. RHIZOPHORACEAE. 145. 8. PEDDIEA Harv. “isiFufufu.” 1. africana Harv. Common in all bush. 2. sp. (unnamed?) Coastbelt. FAMILY 107—LYTHRACEAE. Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves entire, usually stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3-8 valvate. Petals 3—8 or 0. Stamens usually inserted below petals. Anthers dorsifixed. Ovary superior, completely or incompletely 2—6 celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Raphe ventral. Style 1 or 0. Stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit dry. Seed exendospermic. 2 genera 9 species. Stamens adnate to base of petals. Ovules in 1 row. Small tree. 2 RHYNCOCALYX. Stamens inserted below petals or petals absent. Ovules in 2 or more rows. Herbs, undershrubs, or low shrubs. 1 NESAEA. 1. NESAEA Comm. 1. floribunda Sond. . kuntzei Koehne. Ladysmith. . Yigidula Koehne. Doubtful. . sagittifolia Koehne. Upper districts. Common. . schinzii Koehne. Estcourt. . tolypobotrys Koehne. Near Durban. . woodii Koehne. Fort Yolland. Zululand. . rivularis (W. & E.) Koehne. In wet places, Natal and Zululand. 2. RHYNCOCALYX Oliv. (Shrub.) lawsonioides Oliv. Alfred County. Murchison. OANA MP WH FAMILY 108—LECYTHIDACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 2—5. Petals 4—6. Stamens numerous, united at base. Disc within stamens. Ovary inferior, 2—20 celled. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Style 1. Fruit in- dehiscent. Seeds exendospermic. 1 genus 1 species. BARRINGTONIA Forst. (Fruit 1 seeded.) ‘“iBogo.” racemosa Roxb. Often dominant in wet sandy soil, where water is not brackish, near sea shore. FAMILY 109—RHIZOPHORACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers regular herma- phrodite or polygamous. Sepals valvate. Petals free. Stamens twice as many as petals or more, perigynous or epigynous. Ovary superior or inferior, completely or incompletely 2—6 celled. 146. 110. COMBRETACEAE. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, pendulous inverted. Seeds often ger- minating on the attached fruit. 4 genera 6 species. ‘1. Ovary inferior or half inferior. Seeds germinating on the trees. Growing in brackish water. 2. Ovary superior or nearly so. Ovules with appendages. Leaves opposite. Growing away from sea. 3. 2. Ovary inferior. Receptacle deeply concave. Calyx crowning the fruit. 2 BRUGUIERA. Ovary half inferior. Receptacle slightly concave. Calyx at base of fruit. 3 RHIZOPHORA. 3. Disc distinctly 8—15 lobed. Stigma entire. 4 DACTYLOPETALUM. Disc not distinctly lobed. Stigma 2—4 lobed. 3 WEIHEA. 1. RHIZOPHORA L. “umHIuma.” mucronata Lam. Mangrove on river lagoons, near sea. 2. BRUGUIERA Lam. gymnorhiza Lam. Mangrove on river lagoons, near sea. 3. WEIHEA Spreng. 1. gerrardi Schinz. In bush, Inanda. ‘“uwmKatana.” “isi- Tutshana.” 2. madagascarensis Spreng. Coast and Midlands. 3. natalica V. Brehm. Tree 30-45 ft. Alexandra County. 4. DACTYLOPETALUM Bth. (Cassipourea Aubl.) “amNuka.” verticillatum (N.E.Br.) Coast and Midland bush. FAMILY 110--COMBRETACEAE. Trees, shrubs or climbers. Leaves entire, exstipulate. Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 4—6. Petals 4—6, free or 0. Stamens usually 8—l2. Anthers versatile. Ovary inferior 1 celled. Ovules 2—3, rarely 4—6, pendulous, inverted. Style 1. Fruit a 1 seeded drupe or nut, rarely dehiscent, usually winged. Seeds exendos- prmic. 3 genera 11 species. 1, Petals 0. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite. 3 TERMINALIA. Petals 4—5. Leaves (at least the upper) opposite. 2. 2. Calyx tube elongate, filiform. Climbing shrub. 2 QUISQUALIS. Calyx tube not elongate filiform. Trees. 1 COMBRETUM. 1, COMBRETUM 1. “umBondi.” “umDubu.” 1. apiculatum Sond. Upper Tugela. 2. bracteosum Engl. and Diels. Coastbelt only. Near water. 3. erythrophyllum Sond. Coast and Midlands. 4. glutinosum Guill and Perr. Midlands. Tree veld. lll. MYRTACEAE—112, MELASTOMACEAE. 147. . gueinzii Sond. Coastbelt creeper. . Junodii Dummer. . kraussii Hochst. Common all over in bush and tree veld. . salicifolium E.M. Midlands. Common, near water. . suluense Eng] and Diels. 2. QUISQUALIS L. parviflora Gerr. Umhloti, 100 ft. 3. TERMINALIA L. sericea Burch. North Eastern Zululand. Bush veld. WOONA UW FAMILY 111—MYRTACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, gland-dotted, exstipulate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4—5. Petals 4—5, free or united into a hood. Stamens usually many. Ovary interior or half inferior, rarely superior 2—5 celled. Ovules few or many, inverted. Style 1. Seeds exendospermic. 2 genera 11 species. 1. Fruit dry. Ovary superior. Stamens 5-8. 1 HETEROPYXIS Fruit a berry. Ovary inferior or half inferior. Stamens nu- merous. 2 EUGENIA. 1. HETEROPYXIS Harv. natalensis Harv. Coast bush. 2. EUGENIA L. 1. albanensis. Shrub or undershrub. Grassveld. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. capensis Harv. Sand dune bush. Common. 3. cordata Laws. “umDoni.” Dominant in hygrophilous coastbelt bush and in Zululand. Also in tree veld and in frost-free localities in Midlands. . gueinzii Sond. . natalitia Sond. Midlands. natalitia var medleyana. Engl. and V. Brehm. Coastbelt. 6. zeyheri Harv. Coast and Midlands. Common tree. “isi- Dunwana.” 8. rudatisii Engl. and V. Brehm. Fairfield, 3,500 ft. 9. owariensis P. Beauv. Zululand. Large tree. “um- Hluluozi.” 10. woodii Dummer. Coastbelt. AN feo FAMILY 112—MELASTOMACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, usually with 3—11 longitudinal nerves, cxstipulate. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals free. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals. Anthers usually with enlarged connective, opening at the top. Ovary usually inferior or half inferior. Ovules numerous. Style 148 113. OENOTHERACEAE. 1. Seeds exendospermic. 2 genera 5 species. 1. Ovary 1 celled. Fruit a berry. Free central placenta. 1 MEMECYLON. Ovary more than 1 celled. Fruit capsular. 2 DISSOTIS. 1. MEMECYLON L. 1. australe Gilg. and Schltr. Fairfield, Alexandra County, 2-3,000 ft. 2. capense E. & Z. Near Umzimkulu. 2. DISSOTIS Bth. "umFeyankala.” ‘“umFeyesele.” 1. princeps Triana. Wet places. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. incana Triana. Wet places, coast and Midlands. Com- mon. 3. phaeotricha Triana. Wet places. Coast and Midlands. FAMILY 113—OENOTHERACEAE. Shrubs or herbs. Flowers 2—6 merous. Sepals valvate in the bud. Petals free, rarely (Ludwigia) absent. Stamens as many or twice as many as sepals. Ovary inferior or half inferior, 2-6 celled. Ovules inverted. Style 1. Seeds exendospermic. 5 genera 11 species. 1. Ovary half inferior; 2 celled with 1 pendulous ovule in cach cell. Fruit woody, indehiscent. Floating herbs. 1 TRAPA. Ovary inferior, 2 celled with 1 ascending ovule in each cell or 3—6 celled with numerous ovules. 2 2. Flowers with bracteoles, regular. Calyx persistent. 3. Flowers without bracteoles, 4 merous. Calyx deciduous. 4. 3. Stamens 3—6. 2 LUDWIGIA. Stamens 8—l1z2. 3 JUSSIEUA. 4. Calyx tube short, bell-shaped. Stamens in 2 rows. Seeds with a tuft of hairs. 4 EPILOBIUM. Calyx tube long. Stamens subequal. Seeds without a tuft of hairs. 5 OENOTHERA. 1. TRAPA L,. bispinosa Roxb. Floating in streams. 2. LUDWIGIA L. 1, jussieuoides Desr. Zululand. 2. palustris Ell. Midland vleis. 3. JUSSIEUA L. 1. repens L. Coast and Midlands. In vleis and pools. 2. suffruticosa L. Coastbelt and Zululand. suffruticosa var angustifolia Lam. 4. EPILOBIUM L. 1. capense Buch. Moist places. Coast and Midlands. 114. HALORRHAGACEAE—115. ARALIACEAE. l4o. 2. flavescens E.M. Midlands and Drakensberg. 3. hirsutum L. Moist places. Midlands and Drakensberg. 4. tetragonum L. Noodsberg and Drakensberg. 5. schinzii Lev). 5. OENOTHERA Spach. 1. biennis L. Imported weed. 2. rosea Ait. Midlands. Common. FAMILY ‘114—HALORRHAGACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers small, regular, 2—4 merous. Petals free or 0. Stamens 1—8. Ovary inferior 1 celled with 1 or 4 ovules, or 4 celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Ovules pendulous, inverted. Styles or stigmas 2—4. Fruit a nut, drupe or schizocarp. Seeds endospermic. 3 genera 3 species. 1. Ovary 1 celled with 1 ovule. Leaves large radical. 1 GUNNERA. Ovary 1 celled with 4 ovules or 4 celled. . Bs 2. Ovary 1 celled, sometimes incompletely 4 celled. Leaves undivided. Terrestrial. 2 LAUREMBERGIA. Ovary 4 celled. Leaves divided. Aquatic. 3 MYRIOPHYLLUM. 1, GUNNERA L. “uGobo.” perpensa L. In vieis. Common. Sometimes dominant. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. LAUREMBERGIA Berg. (Serpicula L.) repens Berg. Shores of Natal Bay. Common. 3. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. spicatum L. Mooi River, 4,000 ft. FAMILY 115—ARALIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually stipulate. Flowers 4—16, usually 5 merous. Petals free or united into a cap, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as petals or more. Anthers versatile. Ovary inferior or half inferior, crowned by a disc, 2 or more celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Raphe ventral. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 7 species. Fruit roundish. Pedicels not jointed with flowers. 1 CUSSONIA. Fruit laterally compressed, oblong. Pedicels jointed with flowers. 2 PANAX L. 1. CUSSONIA Thb. “umSenge.” 1. chartacea Schinz. Umbilo. 2. kraussii Hochst. 3. natalensis Sond. Inanda. 180. 116. UMBELLIFERAE. 4. paniculata E. & Z. Drakensberg and upper districts. 5. spicata Thb. Common all over. In bush and Thorn veld. Often a pioneer in the latter. 6. umbellifera Sond. Chiefly coastbelt. Common in tree veld. “umKisiso.” ‘“umSengembusi.” 2. PANAX L. (Polyscias Forst.) gerrardi Harv. Midlands. “umXenga.” ‘“umQwenge.” FAMILY 116—UMBELLIFERAE. Mostly herbs, rarely trees (Heteromorpha). Leaves alter- nate, usually with a sheathing stalk. Flowers in umbels or (Alepidea) in heads, rarely in spikes. Flowers usually regular, hermaphrodite or the outer irregular. Calyx small or 0. Petals 5, free. Stamens 5, alternating with petals. Ovary inferior, 2 celled. Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Raphe ventral. Styles 2, free, arising from a 2-lobed disc. Fruit dry separating into 2 mericarps, attached to a carpophore. Pericarp ribbed and traversed by oil channels between main ribs, which enclose vascu- lar bundles. Seeds with horny endosperm. 14 genera 35 species. 1. Flowers in simple or irregularly compound umbels, usually few to the umbel or in heads. 2. Flowers in regularly compound umbels. Oil channels between the ridges of the fruit. 4. 2. Calyx lobes obsolete. Fruit laterally compressed. Leaves orbicular or cordate. 1 HYDROCOTYLE. Calyx lobes not obsolete. Fruits slightly or not compressed. 3. 3. Flowers in capitula, sessile. 2 ALEPIDEA. Flowers all, or the male ones pedicelled. Umbels arranged in cymes. 3 SANICULA. 4. Seeds very concave or marked with a furrow on the inner face (seen in cross-section of the ripe fruit). 5. Seeds flat, slightly concave or convex on the inner face. 6. . Leaves undivided, entire. Petals yellow or greenish. 5 BUPLEURUM. Leaves, at least the lower ones, dissected. 4 CONIUM. 6. Mericarps much compressed from front to back. Marginal ribs much more prominent than dorsal and more or less aay winged. 12 PEUCEDANUM. Mericarps slightly or not compressed. Marginal ribs similar to dorsal. be 7, Fruit not compressed laterally. Commissure (plane of junc- tion of mericarps), broad. 8. Fruit compressed laterally. Commissure narrowed. 10. 8. Ribs of fruit keel or ridge-like. 13 SESELI. Ribs of fruit wing-like. 9. 10. 11. l2. 13. 14. le. UMBELLIFERAE. 151. . Marginal wings of fruit thin. Dorsal wings corky or partly filiform. Mericarps usually unequal. 11 ANNESORRHIZA. Marginal wings thick. All wings equal, membranous or spongy. Mericarps equal. Leaves 2—3 times pinnately dissected. (Selinum) 14 CNIDIUM. Leaves simple, entire, usually sessile. 5 BUPLEURUM. Leaves, at least some of them, toothed to dissected or com- pound. 11. Tree with mericarps, one 2-winged, the other 3-winged. 6 HETEROMORPHA. Mericarps with ribs filiform or keeled, but not winged. 12. Oil channels 1 under each rib, none in the furrows. Calyx toothed. Petals white with a long inflexed point. 7 LICHTENSTEINIA. Oil channels in the furrows. Sometimes also under ribs. 13. Oil channels solitary in each furrow, large. Ribs very promi- nent. Petals greenish-white. 8 APIUM. Oil channels numerous, narrow. Ribs filiform. 14. Calyx toothed. Involucre and involucels large, persistent. 9 SIUM. Calyx not toothed. Involucre and involucels usually wanting. 10 PIMPINELLA. 1. HYDROCOTYLE Tourn. 1. americana L. var monticola Hk.f. Inanda. 2. asiatica L. Common all over. asiatica var repanda. Durban. 3. umbellata L. Near Durban. 4. centella Cham. and Sch. Izingolwen1. 5. sp. Umzinyati, Ungoya. 2. ALEPIDEA La Roche. 1. amatymbica E. & Z. Common all over. 2. baurii O. Kuntze. Midlands and Mountains. 3. ciliaris La Roche. Nottingham Road and Weenen. 4. concinna Dummer. Inanda. 5. jacobsziae Dummer. Weenen, 4-5,000 ft. 6. longifolia E.M. Drakensberg and Midlands. longifolia var angusta Dummer. Drakensberg and Mid- lands. 7. natalensis Wood & Evans. Mt. Gilboa, 2-4,000 ft. 8. setifera N.E.Br. Greytown, Brakwaal. 9. thedei Dummer. Mont Aux Sources. 10. tysonii Dummer. Kokstad. 11. wyliei Dummer. Zululand. 3. SANICULA L, europaea I. Common in bush. Midlands. Se 117. CORNACEAE 4, CONIUM L. maculatum L. Midlands. 5. BUPLEURUM Tourn. mundii Ch. & Sch. Midlands and Drakensberg. Common. 6. HETEROMORPHA Cham. & Schlech. “umBangandhlala.” arborescens Ch. & Sch. Coast, Midlands, and Drakensberg. Common. 7. LICHTENSTEINIA Cham. & Schlechtd. “inTlashane.” pyrethrifolia Cham & Sch. Common all over. 8. APIUM L. graveolens L. Shores of Natal Bay. 9. SIUM L. thunbergii DC. In wet places. Common all over. 10. PIMPINELLA’ L. . 1, caffra D. Dietr. Midlands. 2. reenensis Reching. Van Reenen. 11. ANNESORRHIZA Cham. & Schlechtd. triternatum (E. & Z.) Lower Tugela. 12. PEUCEDANUM L. 1. caffrum Phillips. (Annesorhiza caffra B. & H.) Inanda. . capense Sond. Common. . connatum E. M. Coastbelt. Grassveld and near sea. . araliaceum Bth. and Hk. Ellesmere. 2,000 ft. . wilmsianum Wolff. Alexandra County. 1,800 ft. . reenensis Reching.. Van Reenen, 5-6,000 ft. 13. SESELI L. natalensis Sond. Midlands. Common. 14. CNIDIUM Cuss. (Selinum L.) suffruticosum Ch. & Sch. Isipingo. FAMILY 117—CORNACEAE. NANmarh Wh Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers regular. Petals 4—5, free or cohering at base Stamens 4—5. Ovary in- ferior, 2—4 celled with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Raphe dor- sal. Fruit a drupe. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 2 species. Ovary 4 celled. Flowers hermaphrodite. 2 CURTISIA. Ovary 2—3 celled. Flowers unisexual. 1 CORNUS. 1. CORNUS L.. capitata Wall. Nottingham Road. 4,800 ft. 2. CURTISIA Ait. “Assegai.” “iZingati.” “umVelwayo.” “um- Selwayo.” “umPangi.” “umPai.” “umLalume.” “maKunda.” “iCibo.” faginea Ait. In Midland and Mountain bush lls. ERICACEAER~U9, MYRSENACEAE. 153. METACHLAMYDEAE. (SYMPETALAE). FAMILY 118—ERICACEAE. Undershrubs, shrubs .or trees. Leaves simple, narrow. Flowers regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4—5 cleft, persistent. Petals united below. Stamens 3—15, usually twice as many as petals, free from corolla or nearly so. Anthers usually opening at top. Ovary superior, 1—5 celled. Ovules axile or soli- tary, inverted or almost so. Style 1. Seeds endospermic. 2 genera 24 species. Bracts 0. Calyx lobes unequal, lowest larger. 1 PHILLIPPIA. Bracts 3, rarely 1 or 0. Calyx lobes equal. 2 ERICA. 1. PHILLIPPIA Klotzsch. evansii N.E.Br. Ulundi, 5-6,000 ft. 2. ERICA L. 1. algida Bolus. Drakensberg, 8-10,000 ft., near streams. . alopecurus Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. . aspalathifolia Bolus. Inanda, 1,800 ft. . caffra L. Umbilo Falls, 1,000 ft. . caffrorum Bolus. Drakensberg, on cliffs. . cerinthoides L. Midlands and Drakensberg. . cooperi Bolus. Noodsberg and upper districts. Common. . cubica L. Inanda. Pinetown. Coastbelt. . drakensbergensis Guth & Bolus. Midlands and Drakens- berg. 10. frigida Bolus. Makwakqa 6-7,000 ft. 11. hispidula L. 12, lasiocarpa Guth and Bolus. Van Reenen, 7,000 ft. 13. natalitia Bolus. Midlands and Drakensberg. 14. schlechteri Bolus. Mooi River, 4,500 ft. 16. sitiens K!. Drakensberg. 17. solandra Andr. Drakensberg. 18. trichoclada Guth. and Bolus. Liddesdale, 4-5,000 ft. Polela. 20. wyliei Bolus. Drakensberg, 9-10,000 ft. 21. flanagani Bol. Drakensberg, 8,000 ft. 22. reensis A. Zahlbr. Van Reenen. 23. ebracteata Bolus. Mont Aux Sources. OANA NP WH FAMILY 119—MYRSINACEAE. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, gland dotted, exstipulate (very rarely opposite). Flowers regular 4—5, rarely 6—7—merous. Petals free or united below. Stamens as many as, and opposite petals, on the corolla. Ovary superior or (Maesa), half inferior, 1 celled with free central placenta. Ovules 154. 12. PRIMULACEAE. . usually numerous. Style 1 or 0. Fruit a berry, drupe or nut. Seeds 1 or many endospermic. 4 genera 7 species. 1. Ovary inferior or half inferior. Fruit many seeded. 1 MAESA. , Ovary superior. Fruit 1 seeded. 2. 2. Petals free or nearly so. 2 EMBELIA. Petals united. 3. 3. Filaments wanting. Style wanting. 3 RAPANEA. Filaments present more or less united. Style present. 4 MYRSINE. 1. MAESA. Forsk. “uPopopo.” “umPongapong2.” “isiDende,” “uMaguqu.” “inHlavubele.” ; 1. alnifolia Harv. Coast to Drakensberg. 2. rufescens A.DC. Doubtfully distinct from next. Coast and Midlands. 3. lanceolata Forsk. Coast and Midlands. 4. angolensis Gilg. Drakensberg. 2. EMBELIA Burm. “iBinini.” ‘ruminata Mez. (kraussii Harv.) Coast and Midlands. Rambling shrub. 3. RAPANEA Aubl. (Under Myrsine L.) ‘‘isiGwane wehlati.” “isiQulabahloti.” melanophloeos (L.) Mez. Tree. Common. Coast to ‘Drakensberg. 4. MYRSINE L. “umHlaba-i-boge.” africana L. Important pioneer shrub in forest areas. Mid- lands and Drakensberg. FAMILY 120—PRIMULACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple, exstipulate. Flowers 3~7, usually 5 merous, hermaphrodite. Petals usually united be- low. Fertile stamens as many as, and opposite petals. Ovary usually superior, 1 celled, with free central placentas. Ovules several to many. Style 1. Stigma 1. Fruit a capsule. Endosperm fleshy. 3 genera 6 species. 1. Ovary inferior to half inferior. Stamens alternating with staminodes. Capsule 5 valved. 3 SAMOLUS. Ovary superior. No staminodes. 2: 2. Stamens hairy. Capsule circumscissile. 2 ANAGALLIS. Stamens glabrous. Capsule 5—10 valved. 1 LYSIMACHIA. 1. LYSIMACHIA. L. woodii Schltr. In a damp valley, near Van Reenen. 2. ANAGALLIS L. 1. arvensis L. Annual weed. arvensis var coerulea. Common. 121. PLUMBAGINACEAE—122. SAPOTACEAE. 158. 2. huttoni Harv. Maritzburg. huttoni var nummularia Harv. Zululand. 3. pumila var natalensis Knuth. Coastbelt to Inanda. 3. SAMOLUS L. 1. valerandi L. Coastbelt to Inanda. 2. porosus Thb. Common along seashore. FAMILY 121—PLUMBAGINACEAE. Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs (climbing). Leaves simple, al- ternate or radical. Flowers 5 merous, hermaphrodite. Petals united. Stamens as many as and opposite petals. Ovary superior 1 celled. Ovule 1 pendulous from an erect basal funicle. Styles or style branches 5. Endosperm mealy. 1 genus 2 species. PLUMBAGO L. “Matshletshshele.” 1. capensis Thb. Coast and Midlands and Thorn veld. Common. 2. zeylanica L. Weenen County. Doubtful. FAMILY 122—SAPOTACEAE. Trees or shrubs usually with milky juice. Leaves alternate, entire, exstipulate. Flowers 4—8 merous, axillary, regular, herma- phrodite. Petals united below. Stamens on corolla as many as and opposite petals or more. Ovary superior, 2—many celled. Ovules 1 in each cell. Style 1. Fruit a berry. Endosperm little er none. 3 genera 14 species. 1. Staminodes 0. 1 CHRYSOPHYLLUM. Stamens alternating with staminodes. 2: 2. Calyx lobes 5, rarely 6, in 1 series. Petals without appendages. 2 SIDEROXYLON. Calyx lobes 6—8 in 2 series. Petals with 2—1 minute dorsal appendages. 3 MIMUSOPS. 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. 1. natalense Sond. Coastbelt and Lower Midlands. Com- mon. Tree. “Tungagazane.” 2. viridifolium Wood & Franks. Berea, Durban. Tree. 2. SIDEROXYLON L. “umGqwashu.” “umHlala.” “umNweba.” inerme L. Coast and Midland forests. 3. MIMUSOPS L. 1. discolor Hartog. Coastbelt. Common. 2. natalensis Engl. Inanda. Coastbelt. 3. woodii Engl. Inanda. 4. caffra E.M. Dominant in much of the coast sand dune bush. “umHayihayi” or “umYakayi.” 5. marginata N.E.Br. Coastbelt. 156. ~., = 123, EBENACEAE. ON . obovata Sond. Coastbelt and Midlands. ‘“Masetola.” “isiPandane.” . oleifolia N.E.Br. Tugela Valley. Thorn veld. . dispar N.E.Br. Midland Thorn veld. . concolor Harv. Tugela Valley. Thorn veld. . rudatisii Engl. and Krause. Fairfield, Alexandra County. . schinzii Engl. mOownonn — FAMILY 123—EBENACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, exstipulate. Flowers axillary or lateral, regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual, 3—8 merous. Petals united below. Stamens as many as and opposite petals or more, inserted at base of corolla. Filaments free or in bundles. Ovary superior 2—16 celled. Ovules 1—2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Styles 2—8, free or united at base. Seeds endospermic. 3 genera 20 species. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely sub-dioecious, 4—8 merous. Calyx increasing in size with age. Stamens usually 10 in one row. i 1 ROYENA. Flowers normally dioecious. Calyx not accrescent. 2) 2. Flowers 4—7 merous. Stamens 8—30, usually 12—30. 2 EUCLEA. Flowers 3 merous. Stamens usually 3—9. 3 MABA. 1. ROYENA L. 1. lucida L. Midlands. Common. “umKaza.” dam Tima- tane.” “umTenatene.” “Manzimane.” 2. cordata E.M. Coast to Drakensberg. 3. scabrida Harv. Grassy plains in Tugela Valley. 4. galpini Hiern. Coastbelt and Zululand. 3. villosa L. Coastbelt and Midlands. Common. “um- Dodennyama.” “umQatuva.” “umNqandane.” “Wes- empisi.” 6. hirsuta L. Midlands and Drakensberg. 7. pallens Thb. ‘Thorn veld and High veld. Common. 8. mitens Harv. Zululand. 9. simii O. Kuntze. Tugela Valley. 10. guerkei O. Kuntze. Charlestown, 6,000 ft. 11. parviflora Hiern. Zululand. 12. glandulosa Hiern. Tugela Valley. 2. EUCLEA Murr. “umGwali.” “iDungamusi.” 1. guerkei Hiern. Between Maritzburg and Greytown. Doubtiul. . lanceolata E.M. Coast and Midlands. “umTshapisana.” . ovata Burch. . multiflora Hiern. Coastbelt. . natalensis A.DC. Coast to Drakensberg. “inKaza.” :' nab why 6 7. 124. OLEACEAE, « 187; . daphnoides Hiern. Thorn veld. Midlands. undulata E.M. Thorn veld. “Gwanxe.” 3. MABA Forst. “Tshikivane.” ‘“Masinda.” natalensis Harv. Coastbelt bush. FAMILY 124—OLEACEAE. Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves exstipulate, usually united. simple. opposite. Flowers regular, mostly hermaphrodite. Petals Stamens 2 epipetalous. Ovary superior, 2 celled. Style Ovules 2 in each cell, rarely 1 or 4—8. Fruit a berry, drupe or capsule. Seeds usually exendospermic. 4 genera 17 species. 1. Tree. Corolla tube short, 4 lobed. Fruit a drupe. 4 OLEA. Shrubs or climbers. Corolla tube with 5 to many lobes or teeth. 2. 2. Small undershrub. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit of 2 globose capsules splitting across. 3 MENODORA. Shrubs or climbers. Corolla salver-shaped. 3. 3. Stamens included. Fruit a twin berry. 1 JASMINUM. Stamens exserted. Fruit a woody capsule. 2 SCHREBERA. 1. JASMINUM L. NA np W . glaucum Ait. Near Durban. . multipartitum Hochst. Thorn veld, coast, and Midlands. Common. “isAndhla-ka-inkosikazi.” . gerrardi Harv. Thorn veld. . streptopus E..M. Coast and Midlands. . stenolobum Rolfe. Tugela Valley. . angulare Vahl. Midlands and Drakensberg. . wyliei N.E.Br. ’Nkandhla, 4-5,000 ft. 2. SCHREBERA Roxb. 1 2. . saundersiae Harv. Coastbelt. “umGwenyahangula.” . obliquifolia Gilg. Tongaat. 3. MENODORA Humb & Bonpl. africana Hk. Tugela River, Bushman’s River, and Zulu- land. 4. OLEA L. (Trees). “umQuma.” “umHlebe.” 1 2 . 4, on . foveolata E.M. Midlands. Common. “umQumaswele.” verrucosa Link. Coast to Drakensberg. “umSityane.” “umHIwati.” “umNqumo.” capensis L. Ngoya, Zululand, and coastbelt sand dunes. laurifolia Lam. “Black Ironwood.” Dominant or sub- dominant in Midland forests. “Mutshine.” “um- Zimane.” “Gqanse” . enervis Harv. Buffalo River. . woodiana Knobl. Coastbelt and Tugela Valley. 158. 125. LOGANIACEAE. FAMILY 125—LOGANIACEAE. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled entire (rarely toothed or lobed) stipulate. (Stipules often reduced to an inter- petiolar line or ridge). Calyx lobes 4—5. Petals usually 4—5 (rarely 6—16), united below. Stamens usually 4—5, alternating with petals, epipetalous. Ovary superior, usually 2 celled, rarely 4 celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules in each cell. ‘Style simple or 4 cleft. Seeds endospermic. 5 genera 15 species. 1. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. Glandular hairs absent. 5 STRYCHNOS. Fruit a septicidal, 2 valved capsule. Glandular hairs present. 2. 2. Anther halves cohering above, divergent below. Style long. Flowers in terminal panicles. Tips of glandular hairs several celled. 2 NUXIA. Anther halves separate. Style short or, if long, then flowers in racemes. Tips of glandular hairs 2 celled. 3 3. Flowers racemose. Leaves sessile, 1 nerved. 1 GOMPHOSTIGMA. Flowers cymose. Leaves petioled, penninerved. 4. 4. Anthers exserted. Calyx deeply lobed. 3 CHILIANTHUS. Anthers included. Calyx shortly lobed. 4 BUDDLEIA. 1. GOMPHOSTIGMA Turcz. scoparioides Turcz. Upper districts and Drakensberg. Common, near water. 2. NUXIA Lam. 1. floribunda Bth. Coast and Midlands. Frequent. “Tambo.” 2. dentata R.Br. Coastbelt river valleys, 3-500 feet. 3. congesta R.Br. var emarginata Prain. Coast and Mid- lands. “umKobese.” congesta var tomentosa Cummins. Midlands. 3. CHILIANTHUS Burch. “uTshetshan.” “iSumimbuzi.” 1. arboreus A.DC. Coastbelt and river valleys. “umGeba.” 2. corrugatus A.DC. Riet Vlei. 3. dysophyllus Bth. Coast and Midlands. Common. 4. BUDDLEIA L. “iLotjane.” 1. salvifolia Lam. Common around bush, all over. 2. auriculata Bth, var euryifolia Prain. Tugela River and near Kokstad. 3. pulchella N.E.Br. Midlands. Common. “umNgane.” 5. STRYCHNOS L. Trees. “umKangala.” “umBanda.” um- Kwakwa.” “umKuhlu.” 1. atherstonei Harv. Coastbelt scrub. Local. 2. henningsii Gilg. Coast and Midlands. Common. “um- Qaloti.” “umNonono.” 126. CENTIANACEAE. 159. 3. gerrardi N.E.Br. Coastbelt scrub. “umGulugulu.” 4. spmosa Lam. Coast and Midlands. Locally trequent. “um Hala.” 5. dyssophila Bth. Tugela. FAMILYY 1265—GENTIANACEAE. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs, nearly always glabrous. Leaves simple. Flowers 3—8, usually 4—6 merous, regular herma- phrodite. Petals united below. Stamens as many as and al- ternating with petals, sometimes only 1 fertile. Ovary superior, 1—2 celled. Ovules numerous. Style 1. Stigmas 1—2. Fruit a capsule, nut or berry. Seeds minute, endospermic, sometimes winged. 5 genera 34 species. 1. Tufted, usually submerged aquatic with leaves floating. Leaves alternate or all radical. Corolla induplicate- valvate. 5 LIMNANTHEMUM. Leaves opposite. Corolla lobes contorted. 2. 2. Ovary 1 celled. 3. Ovary 2 celled. 4. 3. Corolla with 1—2 glandular nectaries at base of each segment. Tube very short. Pollen grains tubercled. 4 SWEERTIA. Corolla without nectaries. Pollen grains smooth or dotted. 3 CHIRONIA. 4. Disc glands between calyx and corolla. Style without a 2 glandular swelling. 2 EXOCHAENIUM. No disc glands. Style usually with a 2 glandular swelling near the base. 1 SEBAEA. 1. SEBAEA Soland. (Mostly in grassveld and vieis.) . mirabilis Gilg. Mid-Illovo, 1-2,000 it. . junodii Schinz. Howick. Shady places. . filiformis Schinz. Polela and Drakensberg. . rotundifolia A. W. Hill. Drakensberg. . acutiloba Schinz. Coastbelt. Clairmont. . vitellina Schinz. Coast and Midlands. . schoenlandii Schinz. Coastbelt and Zululand. . sedoidces Gilg. Grassveld. Common all over. . confertiflora Schinz. Midlands and upper districts. . acuminata A.\V.H. Boston. . macrantha Gilg. Midlands. . longicaulis Schinz. Midlands, in vleis. . schinziana Gilg. Bushman’s River. Drakensberg. . leiostyla Gilg. Midlands. 15. imbricata A.W.H. Summit of Amajuba, 8,000 ft. . rudolfii Schinz. Midlands. — WN FOU MANA NS WH | —y acy —_ an 160. 127, APOCYNACEAE. 17. repens Schinz. Drakensberg. Damp places on wet rocks. 18. thodeana Gilg. Drakensberg. 19. spathula Steud. Giants’ Castle, 6,000 ft. 20. thomasii Schinz. Drakensberg. Tabamhlope. 21. pentandra E.M. Near Boston. 3-4,000 ft. 22. procumbens A.W.H. Mont Aux Sources, 9,500 ft. 23. woedii Gilg. Midlands. 24, marlothii Gilg. Drakensberg, 9-10,000 ft. 2. EXOCHAENIUM CGriseb. grande Griseb. Coast and Midlands. Common. grande var homostylum. Inanda. 3. CHIRONIA L. 1. baccifera L. var dilatata E.M. Coast sand dunes. 2. rosacea Gilg. Coastbelt and Zululand vleis. 3. palustris Burch. Midland vleis. 4. krebsii Griseb. Midlands and Drakensberg. Vleis. 5. purpurascens Bth. Coast and Midlands. Vleis. purpurascens var impedita. Ixopo. 6. peduncularis Lindl. Tongaat. 7. humilis Gilg var zuluensis Prain. Zululand. 4. SWEERTIA L. stellarioides Ficalho. Van Reenen, 7,000 ft. Damp places. 5. LIMNANTHEMUM S.M. Gmel. thunbergianum Griseb. Coastbelt and Mid'ands. In pools and streams. FAMILY 127--APOCYNACEAE. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Usually milky. Leaves simple, usually opposite entire penninerved. Stipules if present usually interpetiolar, forming a transverse ridge, sometimes spiny. Flowers regular or nearly so, 5, rarely 4-merous. Petals united below, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5 or 4 inserted in corolla tube or throat. Ovary superior, rarely half inferior, 1—2 celled, or 2 or more separate carpels. Ovules 2 or more in each cell, rarely 1, pendulous, inverted. Style 1, entire or divided at base, bearing stigmas on the under surface of the thickened part, and sometimes 2 lobed above it. Seeds usually endosyermic, often winged or with a tuft of hairs at one or both ends. 12 genera 18 species. 1. Anther cells diverging below, the outer halves passing into barren tailed appendages. Stamens closely connected with stigmatic head. Seeds usually with tufts of hairs. Fruit dry, dehiscent. (Echitoideae.) 2. Anther cells not diverging below and tailed, or if tailed then fruit fleshy, and seeds not comose. Stamens free or loosely connected with stigmatic head. 6. 127. APOCYNACEAE. 161. 2. Succulent shrubs with swollen stems and fleshy branches. Leaves alternate. 3. Trees and shrubs with woody stems. Leaves opposite or whorled. 4. 3. Unarmed. 11 ADENIUM. Armed with spines at bases of leaves. 12 PACHYPODIUM. 4. Anther cone exserted from corolla tube. 8 WRIGHTIA. Anther cone concealed in corolla tube. by . Corolla small with 5 ligulate scales in the throat. 10 ONCINOTIS. Corolla fairly large with bipartite scales in the throat and usually tailed segments. §9 STROPHANTHUS. 6. Carpels only partly united. Ovaries wholly free or in their upper part only. Styles usually free at the base. 7. Carpels united throughout their whole length. 10. 7. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Leaves with axillary glands. 4 RAUWOLFIA. Ovules numerous in each carpel. 8. 8. Small undershrub. Calyx without basal glands. 5 LOCHNERA. Trees. Calyx with glands at the base. Fruit fleshy. 9. 9. Sepals united high up, circumscissile at base, deciduous. 7 VOACANGA. wn Sepals free, not circumscissile at base. 6 CONOPHARYNGIA. 10. Ovary 1 celled. Stigma glabrous. 1 LANDOLPHIA. Ovary 2 celled. Stigma tips hairy. 11. 11. Shrubs with simple or forked spines. 2 CARISSA. Unarmed shrubs. 3 ACOKANTHERA. 1. LANDOLPHIA Beauv. 1. kirkii Dyer. var delagoensis Dewevre. Tongoland, N.E. Zululand. 2. capensis Oliv.P Empangeni and Ngoya, Zululand. 2. CARISSA A.DC. 1. grandiflora A.DC. “Amatungulu.” Coastbelt. Common. 2. wyliet N.E.Br. Ngoya, Zululand. 3. arduina Lam. Coast to Drakensberg. “Beta-umtunzi.” “umVusamkunzi.” 2. ACOKANTHERA G. Don. “inTlunganyembe.” 1. venenata G. Don. Coastbelt and Midlands. 2. spectabilis Hk.f. Coast scrub. “uBethlungubenyoka.” 4, RAUWOLFIA L. “umJela.” natalensis Sond. “Quinine tree.” Common. Coast and Midlands, especially in stream bank bush. 5. LOCHNERA Reichb. rosea Reichb. Common on coastbelt. Introduced. 162. 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 6. CONOPHARYNGIA G. Don. “umKahlu” or “umHlambama.” ventricosa. Tree. Common in coastbelt hygrophilous bush. 7. VOACANGA Thouars “umKahla” or “umHlambamas.” dregei E.M. Coastbelt hygrophilous bush. Common; some- times dominant. 8. WRIGHTIA R.Br. (Shrub.) natalensis Stapf. Locally frequent in coast scrub. 9. STROPHANTHUS DC. “Hlawi.” “umZombocani.” 1. gerrardi Stapf. Frequent in coast scrub. Climber 2. speciosus Reber. Midlands and Zululand. Climber. 10. ONCINOTIS Bth. “Zongazonga.” ‘“uBuku.” inandensis Wood & Evans. Herbaceous climber. Locally abundant in coastbelt scrub. 11. ADENIUM. Roem and Schult. (Succulent shrubs.) 1. swazicum Stapf. Zululand. 2. multiflorum Klotsch. Zululand. 12, PACHYPODIUM Lindl. saundersii N.E.Br. Zululand. Lebombo mountains. In very stony places. FAMILY 128—ASCLEPIADACEAE. Erect, prostrate, twining or scrambling herbs or shrubs usually with milky juice. Leaves simple, exstipulate, usually op- posite. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, 5 merous. Sepals free or nearly so. Petals united below. Stamens 5 usually adnate to style. Filaments short or wanting. Pollen grains united in masses or in granules of 3—5 grains. Corona formed of appen- dages of stamens and petals. Ovaries 2 free, superior, rarely half inferior. Ovules numerous, rarely few or 1. Styles 2, united above into a thickened head, bearing on its under surface 5 stigmatic dots, and on its sides between the anthers 5 small, usually horny, pollen carriers. Fruit of 1—2 follicles. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs and little endosprm. 33 genera 179 species. 1. Filaments of stamens free. Pollen in loose granules. (Periploceae). 2. Filaments absent or united. Pollen in 1—2 waxy masses. 5. 2. Corolla with a distinct tube, campanulate or cylindrical. 3. Corolla lobed nearly to base, rotate. 4. 3. Corona lobes free, inserted with the stamens above the middle or at the throat of the corolla tube. 2 RAPHIONACME. Corona lobes inserted near the middle of the corolla tube, distinctly above the bases of the stamens. 1 CRYPTOLEPIS. 10. 11. 13. 14. 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 163. . Corona lobes filiform, or linear and divided into 2—3 filiform segments. Stipules a line connecting bases of petioles. 3 TACAZZEA. Corona lobes broadly obcordate. Stipules toothed or frill- like. 4 CHLOROCODON. . Pollen masses 2 in each anther half, 4 on each carrier, very small. 5 SECAMONE. Pollen masses 1 in each anther half, 2 on each carrier. 6. . Pollen masses contained in the lower part of the anthers, pendulous from the arms of the pollen carriers. (Asclepiadeae.) 7. Pollen masses in the upper part of the anthers, attached to the pollen carriers in an erect, ascending or horizontal position. al. . Corona lobes free or nearly so, except in Cynanchum. Stems erect or procumbent, never twining. 8. Corona lobes usually united high up. Stems twining or rambling. 17. . Corona lobes united in a tube. 16 CYNANCHUM. Corona lobes free or nearly so. 9. . Corona lobes distinctly concave or laterally compressed, sometimes with a horn-like process within the cavity. 10. Corona lobes flat or rather flat or dorsally compressed or very fleshy but not concave, sometimes with keels or processes on the base. 12. Corona lobes exceeding corolla, strongly keeled all down the back with a rhomboid winglike expansion on the back at the base. Apex incurved. 10 KREBSIA. Corona lobes not as in Krebsia. il. Sepals without basal glands. Corona lobes with large ap- pendages on the inside margins, ascending staminal column as narrow wings. 6 WOODIA. Sepals with basal glands, solitary or paired. Corona lobes more or less laterally flattened with or without a horn from the central cavity. 13 ASCLEPIAS. . Corona lobes very thick and fleshy, or if moderately fleshy then without an appendage or with 1 keel on the inner face. 7 XYSMALOBIUM. Corona lobes thin or flattened dorsally, rarely somewhat fleshy and then with 1—2 appendages or 2 keels on inner face. 13. Flowers large and showy, white with a purple corona. Corona lobes with 2 erect basal lobules, but no keels. Corolla lobes sub-erect. 12 FANNINIA. Not as for Fanninia. 14. Staminal column (stigmatic head) subglobose from being constricted at apex and base. 8 PERIGLOSSUM. 164, 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Staminal column cylindrical or broadly conical: “15. 15. Style produced much beyond ‘the erect anther appendages. 9 CORDYLOGYNE. Style truncate or depressed at the apex. 16. 16. Corona lobes erect, thin (very rarely somewhat thick) usually with 2 keels. 11 SCHIZOGLOSSUM. Corona lobes very spreading or spreading at the base with erect or incurved tips, rarely wholly erect and then with reflexed sides and a single keel down the face. Usually with 2 contiguous fleshy keels at the base. 14 PACHYCARPUS. 17. Corona double (in 2 distinct series). 18. Corona simple (no outer corona). 19. 18. Stem leafless fleshy. 17 SARCOSTEMMA. Stem not fleshy. Leaves large, cordate. 18 PERGULARIA. 19. Corona lobes short, usually tubercle-like. 19 TYLOPHORA. ’* Corona lobes or corona not tubercle-like. 20. 20. Corona of 5 free lobes, with infolded margins with a horn directed over or towards the anthers. 15 PENTARRHINUM. Corona annular or tubular, truncate or toothed at top, or divided nearly to base into 5 flattened entire or toothed lobes. 16 CYNANCHUM. 2). Anthers with a distinct, membranous appendage at the apex. Corolla usually with contorted aestivation. 22. Anthers without or with a very small appendage or small point at the apex, corolla nearly always with valvate aestivation. 25. 22. Corona of 5 scales arising from the corolla below its sinuses. Twining hairy shrubs. 25 GYMNEMA. Corona arising from the stamens or in the angle between the staminal column and the corolla. 23. 23. Corona tubular lobed or toothed at the top with extra teeth and 5 pairs of wing-like keels within the tube. Erect or twining. 24 FOCKEA. Corona lobes free or united at the base arising from staminal column. 24. 24.'Corona lobes with a narrow appendage on the inner face. 23 TELOSMA. Corona lobes without an appendage on the inner face. 22 MARSDENIA. 25. Stem cactus-like; angled. Leaves small or wanting. . Dwarf succulents. 26. Stem herbaceous, or woody, or, if fleshy, then climbing. 28. 26, Corolla with accessory teeth between the lobes. wether he a! 32 HUERNIA. 128, ASCLEPIADACEAE 168: Corolla without -accessory teeth between the lobes. 27. 27. Corolla lobes broad. 33 STAPELIA. Corolla lobes narrowly lanceolate. 31 CARALLUMA. 28. Corolla tubular, 2 to several times as long as its diameter in’ the middle, often inflated at the base. 29. Corolla rotate or campanulate. Tube short, or, if long, then wide. 30. 29. Flowers long stalked in fascicles arranged in racemes or panicles. 27 RIOCREUXIA. Flowers solitary or in umbels or racemes, or if in fascicles arranged in racemes or panicles, then short stalked. : 28 CEROPEGIA. 30. Corona of 5 broad, bifid lobes with a long, linear filiform ap- pendage on their inner face, or the dorsal part of the lobe short and subulate, appearing to arise from the back of the inner part. Stem prostrate. Flowers small. 30 ANISOTOMA. Corona either simple without filiform appendages or in 2—3 series. 31. 31. Corona simple. 32. Corona in 2 or 3 series. 34. 32. Twining plants. (see 19). 19 TYLOPHORA. Erect plants. 33. 33. Sepals with glands. Corolla contorted. Leaves oblong or elliptic. Corona of 5 small fleshy tubercles. 21 SPHAEROCODON. Sepals without glands. Corolla valvate. Leaves linear. Corona lobes ovate or oblong, sometimes 3 toothed. 26 SISYRANTHUS. 34. Stem long twining. Leaves cordate. 20 EMPLECTANTHUS. Herbs usually of dwarf habit. Stem erect or prostrate. 29 BRACHYSTELMA. 1. CRYPTOLEPIS R.Br. 1. capensis Schltr. Climber. Coast and Midlands. 2. oblongifolia Schltr. Erect shrub. Margins of coast scrub. 2. RAPHIONACME Harv. “uMathanjane.” 1. flanagani Schltr. Twining among shrubs of Thorn veld. Tugela Valley. 2. elata N.E.Br. Coast grassveld. . galpini Schitr. Coast grassveld. 4. divaricata Harv. Common in coast and Midland grass- veld. divaricata var glabra N.E.Br. Midlands and Drakens- berg. wy » 166. 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 3. TACCAZZEA Decne. (Climbers in scrub and forest). 1. kirkii N.E.Br. 2. natalensis N.E.Br. Umbogintwini. 4. CHLOROCODON Hk.f. “uMondi.” whytei Hk.f. Climber in coastbelt bush. 5. SECAMONE R.Br. (Climbers), “isiUlulu.” ‘“inHlanhla." 1. gerrardi Harv. Coastbelt and Midlands. ‘uGobanh- lovu.” “umHlonyise.” 2. alpini Schultes. Coast and Midlands. 3. frutescens Decne. Coast and Midlands. 6. WOODIA Schltr. 1. mucronata N.E.Br. var trifurcata. Ntondweni, Zulu- land. 2. verruculosa Schltr. Grassveld. Hills near Camperdown. 7. XYSMALOBIUM R.Br. (Grassveld herbs.) 1. involucratum Decne. Coast and Midlands. Common. 2. carinatum N.E,.Br. Near Kokstad. 3. stockenstromense Scott-Elliott. Weenen and Drakens- berg, 7,800 ft. 4. undulatum R.Br. Midlands. 5. confusum Scott Elliot. Midlands. 6. orbiculare D. Dietr. Coastbelt and Zululand. 7. gerrardi Scott-Elliott. Coast and Midlands. 8. parviflorum Harv. Midlands and Drakensberg. Com- mon. 9. asperum N.E.Br. 10. tysonianum N.E.Br. Kokstad. 11. prunelloides Turcz. Jolivet, 3,000 it. 12. woodii N.E.Br. Van Reenen. 8. PERIGLOSSUM Decne (Grassveld herbs). 1. angustifolium Decne. Midlands. Common. 2. mackenii Marv. Near Durban. 9. CORDYLOGYNE E. Meyer. (Grassveld herbs.) globosa E.M. Midlands and upper districts. 10. KREBSIA Harv. (Grassveld herbs.) 1. corniculata Schltr. Buffalo Valley. 2. stenoglossa Schltr. Ntondweni, Zululand. 11. SCHIZOGLOSSUM E. Meyer. Grassveld herbs. 1. cordifolium E.M. Coast, Midlands and Zululand. 2. atropurpureum E.M. Drakensberg and Buffalo River Valley. . hamatum E.M. Dargle and Insiswa. . virens E.M. Coastbelt. . euphorbioides E.M. Coastbelt. Sand dunes, near sea. . nitidum Schltr. Midlands. Common. . elingue N.E.Br. Drakensberg. NA uP Ww 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 167 8. flavum Schitr. Nottingham Road. flavum var lineare N.E.Br. Midlands and Drakensberg. 9. stenoglossum Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg 10. decipiens N.E.Br. Weenen, South Downs. 11. pachyglossum Schltr. Midlands. pachyglossum var abbreviatum N.E.Br. Midlands. 12. orbiculare Schltr. Wessel’s Nek. 13. macowani var tugelense N.E.Br. Tugela. 14. grandiflorum Schltr. Inchanga. 15. contracurvum N.E.Br. Riet Vlei. 16. ciliatum Schltr. Midlands. 17. striatum Schltr. Inanda. 18. robustum Schltr. Midlands. robustum var pubiflorum N.E.Br. Krantzkop. robustum var inandense N.E.Br. Inanda. 19, pilosum Schltr. Midlands. 20. pulchellum Schltr. Midlands. 21. verticillare Schltr. Midlands. 22. tubulosum Schltr. Midlands. 23. glanduliferum Schltr. Midlands. 24. biflorum Schltr. Howick. 25. strictum Schltr. Ingagane, 4,000 ft. 26. araneiferum Schltr. Newcastle. 27. glabrescens Schltr. var longiroste N.E.Br. Howick. 28. lamellatum Schltr. Colenso. 29. carinatum Schltr. Coastbelt and Zululand. 30. commixtum N.E.Br. Howick. 31. parile N.E.Br. Howick. 32. buchanani N.E.Br. 33. parcum N.E.Br. Coastbelt. Inanda. 34. exile Schltr. 35. woodii Schltr. Midlands. 36. interruptum Schltr. Maritzburg. 37. altissimum Schltr. Estcourt, 3,800 ft. 38. ingomense N.E.Br. Ingoma, Zululand. 39. peglerae N.E.Br. Botha’s Hill. 40. unicum N.E.Br. Ingoma, Zululand. 4l. auriculatum N.E.Br. Howick, 3,800 ft. 12. FANNINIA Harv. caloglossa Harv. Herb. Dargle farm. 13. ASCLEPIAS L. (Grassveld herbs.) . cucullata Schltr. Midlands and Drakensberg foothills. . praemorsa Schltr. Coast and Midlands. . peltigera Schltr. Inanda. . bicuspis N.E.Br. Dargle. . Meyeriana Schltr. Midlands. mb Wh 128, ASCLEPIADACEAE. 6. stellifera Schitr.. Midlands. . multicaulis Schltr. Riet Vlei. . brevicuspis Schltr. Coastbelt and Zululand. . gibba Schitr. Coast and Midlands. gibba var media N.E.Br. Zululand. Z 8. flexuosa Schltr Common all over. 9 0 11. eminens Schltr. Midlands and Zululand. 12. aurea Schltr. Midlands. aurea var vittata N.E.Br. Midlands. 13. flava N.E.Br. Midlands. 14. schizoglossoides Schltr. Inanda and Van Reenen. 15. decipens N.E.Br. Mooi River. 16. fruticosa L. Midlands. Common. 17. physocarpa Schltr. Coastbelt and Midlands. Common. “Qomantanetu.” 18. dregeana Schltr. var calceolus. N.E.Br. Midlands. 19. cultriformis Harv. Midlands. 20. woedii Schltr. Midlands. 21. albems Schltr. Coastbelt. 22. affinis Schltr. Midlands. 23, macropus Schltr. Midlands. 24. concinna Schltr. Doubtful. 25. involucrata Schltr. Alexandra County, 1,800 ft. 26. reflexa Schltr. Alexandra County, 2,000 ft. 27. rivularis Schltr. I=fafa, 2,500 ft. 28. humilis Schltr. Mont Aux Sources, 8,000 ft. 14. PACHYCARPUS E.M. (Grassveld herbs.) — — 1. scaber N.E.Br. Coast and Midlands. 2. appendiculatus E.M. Coastbelt and Zululand. 3. inconstans N.E.Br. Coastbelt. 4. natalensis N.E.Br. Coast and Midlands. 5. plicatus N.E.Br, Midlands. 6. dealbatus E.M. Midlands and mountains. 7. concolor E.M. Midlands. 8. decorus N.E.Br. 9. mackenii N.E.Br. Zululand. 0. grandiflorus E.M. Midlands. grandiflorus var elatocarinatus N.E.Br. Midlands. 1, campanulatus N.E.Br. Coast to Drakensberg. campanulatus var sutherlandi N.E.Br. Midlands. 12. asperifolivs Meisn. Margins of woods around Durban Bay. 13. rostratus N.E.Br. Zululand. 14. macrochilus N.E.Br. Mont Aux Sources, 7-8,000 ft. 15. PENTARRHINUM EM. 1. insipidum E.M. Twining herb. Coast and Midlands. 128. ASCLEPLADACEAR. ito. 2. coriaceum Schitr. Doubtfyl. 16. CYNANCHUM L,. (All the Natal species are. twining). 1. natalitium Schltr. Coast sand dunes near sea. 2. obtusifolium .L. Sand dunes. obtusifolium var pilosum Schltr. Sand dunes, near sea. 3. capense Thb. Coastbelt. Pinetown, etc. 4. schistoglossum Schltr. Coastbelt. Inanda. 5. sarcostemmatoides K. Schum. Thorn veld. 17. SARCOSTEMMA R.Br. (Climbers). viminale R.Br. Thorn veld. Common climber. 18. PERGULARIA L. (Climbers.) extensa N.E.Br. Thorn veld. Climber. 19. TYLOPHORA R.Br. (Mostly climbers.) 1. anomala N.E.Br. Climber in coast scrub. 2. flanagani.Schltr. Climber in bush. Coast and Midlands. 3. lycioides Decne. Climber. Coast scrub and Thorn veld. 4. badia Schltr. var latifolia N.E.Br. Zululand, Climber. 20. EMPLECTANTHUS N.E.Br. (Climbers). 1. gerrardi N.E.Br. Zululand. 2. cordatus N.E.Br. Thorn veld. Climber. 21. SPHAEROCODON Bth. obtusifolium Bth. Erect herb. Coastbelt. 22. MARSDENIA R.Br. floribunda N.E.Br. Woody climber. Coastbelt bush. 23. TELOSMA Coville. africana N.E.Br. Climber. Coastbelt bush and Thorn veld. 24. FOCKEA Endl. tugelensis N.E.Br. Erect or climbing. Tugela Valley. 25. GYMNEMA R.Br. sylvestre R.Br. Woody climber. Coastbelt scrub. 26. SISYRANTHUS E.M. (Grassveld herbs.) 1. saundersiae N.E.Br. Inanda. : . anceps Schltr. Midlands and Inanda. . fanninii N.E.Br. Dargle. . trichostomus K. Schum. Midlands. . huttonae S. Moore. Midlands. . imberbis Harv. Coastbelt. . compacta N.E.Br. Alexandra County, 1,800 ft.. 8. franksae N.E.Br. Zululand. 26a. TENARIS E.M. simulans N.E.Br. Umzumbi, 50-100 ft. 27. RICCREUXIA Decne. (Tuberous rooted climbers.) 1. polyamtha Schitr. Midlands. 2. torulosa Decne. Coastbelt. torulosa var tomentosa N.E.Br. Midlands and Drakens- berg. i Pelee & ca. NO tn hb wWhd 170. 128. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 3. woodii N.E.Br. Inanda. ‘4. picta Schltr. Ingome Range. 28. CEROPEGIA L. (Tuberous-rooted climbers.) . scabriflora N.E.Br. Near Verulam. . antennifera Schltr. Near Newcastle. . rudatisii Schltr. Midlands. . haygarthii Schltr. sandersoni Decne. Thorn veld. . ampliata E.M. Thorn veld. . crassifolia Schltr. Springvale. . setifera Schltr. var natalensis N.E.Br. Thorn veld. . carnosa E.M. Coastbelt and Zululand. 10. woodii Schltr. Midlands, hanging from rocks, 11. caffrorum Schltr. Near Durban. 12. undulata N.E.Br. Thorn veld. Tugela. 13. meyeri Decne. Midlands and Drakensberg. 14. barklyi Hk.f. var tugelensis N.E.Br. Tugela. Thorn veld. 15. linearis E.M. Sand dunes. 29. BRACHYSTELMA R.Br. (Dwarf herbs, erect or prostrate). 1, foetidium Schltr. Zululand. . flavidum Schltr. Alexandra County. . pulchellum Schltr. Rock fissures, Midlands and coast. . natalense N.E.Br. Inanda. . sandersoni N.E.Br. Coastbelt. . gerrardi Harv. Coastbelt. . barberiae Harv. Cedara. . franksiae N.E.Br. 30. ANISOTOMA N.E.Br. (Anisotome Fenzl.) pedunculata N.E.Br. Herb with prostrate stems. Drakensberg. 31. CARALLUMA R.Br. lutea N.E.Br. Doubtful. 32. HUERNIA R.Br. (Fleshy cactus-like plants.) “uZililo.” 1. hystrix N.E.Br. In Thorn veld. Common. Often on ant heaps. 2. zebrina N.E.Br. Zululand. 33. STAPELIA L. (Fleshy cactus-like plants.) “udZililo.” 1. gigantea N.E.Br. Zululand. ’Nkandhla. 2. nobilis N.E.Br. Drakensberg. 3. woodii N.E.Br. Noodsberg. CaANAME WH CONAMNR WH FAMILY 129—CONVOLVULACEAE. Herbs or shrubs, often twining. Leaves alternate, simple ex- stipulate or (Ipomaea) stipulate. Flowers regular, rarely slightly irregular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Corolla 5 lobed or 129. CONVOLVULACEAE 171. cleft, usually campanulate. Stamens 5, epipetalous. Ovary su- perior, 1—4 celled, sometimes deeply divided. Ovules 2, rarely 1—4 in each cell. Styles 1—2, sometimes 2 cleft. Seeds endos- permic. 10 genera 45 species. 1. Leafless climbing parasite without chlorophyll. 10 CUSCUTA. Not parasitic. 2, 2. Ovary lobed or divided. Sepals united below. Creeping herbs. 3. Ovary entire. Sepals free. 4. 3. Ovary 4 lobed. Lobes 1 ovuled. Corolla slightly lobed. 8 FALKIA. Ovary 2 lobed. Lobes 2 ovuled. Corolla deeply cleft. Sepals nearly free. 9 DICHONDRA. 4. Style deeply forked, or styles 2. 5. Style simple. 6. 5. Style branches forked. Stigmas not capitate. Leaves small. 6 EVOLVULUS. Style branches bifid. Stigmas capitate. (Breweria.) 7 SEDDERA. 6 Ovary 1 celled. 2 HEWITTEA. Ovary 2-4 celled. 7. 7. Stigmas 2 capitate. Pollen grains usually spinous. 1 IPOMAEA. Stigmas not capitate. 8. 8. Stigmas linear-oblong. Pollen grains spinous. Leaves and stem with stellate hairs. 3 ASTROCHLAENA. Stigmas ovate, oblong or filiform. Pollen grains smooth. 9. 9. Stigmas filiform. Corolla funnel-shaped without well-defined midpetaline areas. 5 CONVOLVULUS. Stigmas ovate oblong. Corolla with well-defined mid-petaline areas. 4 JACQUEMONTIA. 1. IPOMAEA L. (Mostly Twiners.) “iJalambu” . albivenia Sweet. Tugela Valley and Mooi River. . angustifolia Jacq. Coastbelt. Common. . argyreioides Choisy. Midlands. Not twining. . biloba Forsk. Abundant strand plant. Sea shore. . cardiosepala Hochst. Inanda. . erassipes Hk. Coastbelt. crassipes var longepedunculata Hallier. Charlestown. crassipes var thunbergioides Hallier. Estcourt. crassipes var volubilis Hall. Pinetown. 7. digitata L. Coast districts. 8. ficifolia Ldl. Coastbelt. “umKhoka wehlati.” 9. geminiflora Welw. Coastbelt. 0 1 NDnk WN ew . gerrardiana Rendle. Near Ladysmith. . greenstockii Rendle. 172. 129. CONVOLVULACEAE. 12. lambtoniana Rendle. Near Ladysmith. 13. oblongata E.M. Tugela district. 14. obscura Ker. Near Durban. obscura var longipes C. H. Wright. Inanda. 15. oenothera Hallier. Thorn veld. Not twining. 16. ovata E.M. Coast and Midlands. Common. ‘“uBogo.” 17. palmata Forsk. Coastbelt. Very common. “uMahol- wana.” 18. purpurea Roth. Coastbelt. 19. quinquefolia Hochst. Mooi River. Sandy flats. 20. saundersiana Baker. Doubtful. 21. simplex Thb. Coast and Midlands. Common. Not twin- ing. “iGontshi.” 22. sublucens Rendle. Zululand. 23. tetraptera Baker. Coast and Midlands. 24. woodii N.E.Br. Zululand. 25. wightii Choisy. Inanda. Zululand. . HEWITTEA Wight & Arn. bicolor W. & A. Twining. Coastbelt. . ASTROCHLAENA Hallier. malvacea Hallier. Not twining. Coastbelt. . JACQUEMONTIA Choisy. capitaia L. Don. Annual herbs, twining. Coastbelt. . CONVOLVULUS L. (Twining or trailing.) 1. arvensis L. Ruderal. In cultivated land. . bullerianus Rendle. Midlands. . calycinus EF. M. Inanda. . capensis Burm. var natalensis Baker. Tugela Valley. . farinosus L. Coastbelt. . hastatus Thb. var natalensis Baker. Zululand. . natalensis Bernh. Inanda. Midlands and Zululand. . sagittatus Thb. Upper Tugela. sagittatus var graminifolia Hallicr. Camperdown. 9. ulosepalus Hallier. Tugela. Weenen County. . EVOLVULUS L. alsinoides L. ‘Trailer. Tugela and near Verulam. alsinoides var linifolius Baker. Tugela. - SEDDERA Hochst. (Breweria R.Br.) capensis Hall.f. Undershrub. Grassveld. Colcnso. . FALKIA L,. oblonga Bernh. Coastbelt. . DICHONDRA Forst. repens Forst. Small prostrate herb. Umzinyati Valley. 19. CUSCUTA JL. Parasitic. “uMankunkunku.” 1. appendiculata Engelm. 2. cassythoides Nees. Midlands. Commion. CONAMA WH 130. BORRAGINACEAE. 173. 3. gerrardii Baker. Damp places. Zululand. 4. natalensis Baker. Coast and Midlands. FAMILY 130—BORRAGINACEAE. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves, at least the upper, alternate, exstipulate. Flowers, 4—7 merous, usually 5 merous, hermaphro- dite. Petals united below, often with scales at the throat of the tube. Stamens as many as petals, epipetalous. Ovary superior, sessile, lobed, usually 4 celled. Style terminal or gynobasic, 2—4 cleft. Ovule 1 in each cell. Fruit a drupe or schizocarp of 2—4 nutlets. Endosperm scanty or wanting. 7 genera 12 species. 1. Shrubs or trees. Fruit drupaceous. Style terminal. 2. Stem herbaceous or woody at base. Fruit dry, of 2—4 nutlets. 3: 2. Style twice cleft. 1 CORDIA. Style 2 lobed, not twice cleft. 2 EHRETIA. Ge . Ovary indistinctly 4 lobed, 4 celled. Nutlets 1—3, much later- ally compressed, one larger and winged. 7 TYSONIA. Ovary deeply 4 lobed. Style gynobasic. Nutlets not laterally compressed. Usually 4. 4. 4. Nutlets spiny, united with style, imperforate at base. 5. Nutlets smooth or granular, not united with style or style base. 6. 5. Nutlets depressed, irregularly covered with bristles. 3 CYNOGLOSSUM. Nutlets not depressed, margined with bristles. 4 ECHINOSPERMUM. 6. Corolla open. Bracts present. 6 LITHOSPERMUM. Corolla closed with scales. Bracts 0 or few at the base of the inflorescence. 5 MYOSOTIS. 1. CORDIA L. “Lovulovu.” “umNofunofu.” caffra Sond. Shrub. Coastbelt and Thorn veld. Com- mon. 2. EHRETIA L. “umHlele.” “umCele.” “umGxele.” hottentotica Burch. Shrub or small tree. Common in Thorn veld, coastbelt scrub, and Midlands. 3. CYNOGLOSSUM L,. 1. enerve Turcz. Grassveld, coast and Midlands. 2. micranthum Desf. Grassveld, coast to Drakensberg. 4. ECHINOSPERMUM Swartz. 1. capense DC. 2. lappula Lehm. 5. MYOSOTIS L. 1. afropalustris C. H. Wright. Vleis and streams. Com- mon. 174. 131, VERBENACEAF. 2. sylvatica Hoffm. Drakensberg streams. 6. LITHOSPERMUM L. ; 1. arvense I,. Ruderal. Common. 2. cmereum DC. Midlands. 3. officinale L. Midlands. 7. TYSONIA Bolus. africana Bolus. Foot of Drakensberg, 5,000 ft. FAMILY 131—VERBENACEAE. Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite or whorled, simple or compound, exstipulate. Flowers usually irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united below, 4—8. Petals united 4—8. Stamens 4. Ovary superior, sessile, entire or slightly lobed. completely or incompletely 2—a (rarely 8) celled, sometim