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ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

NEw YorkK STATE COLLEGES
OF
AGRICULTURE AND HoME EcoNoMICcsS

AT

CoRNELL UNIVERSITY

Cornell University Libra

The vegetation of the Chatham Islands,

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000613129

THE

VEGETATION

OF THE

CHATHAM-ISLANDS,

SKETCHED BY

FERDINAND MUELLER,

Pu.D., M.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.R.G.S., C.M.Z.8.

‘ BELEHRUNG FORDR’ ICH, WAHRHEIT UND ERKENNTNISS.”—Chamisso.

By Authority:

JOHN FERRES, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, MELBOURNE.

MDCCOLXIV. ee

381131

TO

WILLIAM THOMAS LOCKE TRAVERS, ESQ, F.LS.,

BARRISTER-AT-LAW,

FORMERLY JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE PROVINCE OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND,

\

THROUGH WHOSE

DISINTERESTED GENEROSITY AND HIGH-MINDED ZEAL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
THE PHYTOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE CHATHAM-ISLANDS
WAS MAINLY ACCOMPLISHED,

AND BY WHOSE
PERSONAL EXERTIONS OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE VEGETATION OF NEW ZEALAND

HAS BEEN SO EXTENSIVELY ADVANCED,

This small Volume is Dedicated,

.

WITH THE AUTHOR’S MOST GRATEFUL REGARDS.

INTRODUCTION,

Tuts world, the abode of the human race, is so wonderfully replete
with organic life, and the harmonious perfection of each organism
reveals so gloriously the divine power of the Supreme who created
the universe, that the elucidation of His living works in nature
around us must ever be one of the most elevating designs of the
intellect of man. The mind longs to reflect on the destiny assigned
to each in the great economy of uature, and to shed light as far as
it is within wordly power on all as yet obscure. Hence our desire to
penetrate every locality occupied by living creation ; hence the per-
suasion that nothing is too insignificant to be drawn into the sphere
of an enlightened enquiry. Not until the searching naturalist has
traversed every spot of the globe can he fully understand and appre-
ciate the relation and affinities of its various natural productions; not
until then can a, complete and logical arrangement of the animals and
plants contemporaneous with the human species be accomplished.

To offer a trifling contribution towards such an object is the aim
of these pages. If under any circumstances a deep interest is attached
to isolated islands, which harbour perhaps the only remnant of the
vegetation or the animal life of countries ages ago sunk beneath the
ocean, this interest cannot be otherwise than most vividly excited in
regard to the “Chatham-Islands,” inasmuch as this little group is
the last eastward of New Zealand, no further land existing under
those latitudes in the wide interjacent oceanic space until the west-
coast of South America is reached.

Before entering into a detailed exposition of the plants of those
islands, which is the main purpose of this writing, it may not be
inappropriate to review the results of previous exertions for the

revelation of their flora.
A

2

Dr. Joseph Hooker, the accomplished author of the large work
on the plants of New Zealand, recognizing the importance of an
investigation of the Chatham-Islands, was anxious whilst attached
to Sir James Ross’s antarctic expedition to visit this group; but
the “Erebus” and “Terror” when near the spot encountered such
foggy weather as to prevent the officers from sighting the coast and
oblige them to abandon their plan of landing. But in the previous
year (1840) it fell to the share of Dy. Ernst Dieffenbach, the German
translator of Charles Darwin’s excellent work on his travels, to ex-
plore these islands on behalf of the New Zealand Company; and
although mainly engaged in geographic, geognostic and agronomic
researches, of which a lucid account is given in the Journal of the
Royal Geographical Society of London (vol. 11, pp. 195-215), this
well-informed natural philosopher did not fail to render simultaneously
known some of the main features of the vegetation, and brought the
first plants from these islands to England ; the records of these have
been inserted in Dr. Hooker’s work on New Zealand plants. How

. far the examination of the plants collected during the voyage of the
frigate “ Venus” has thrown light on the vegetation of the Chatham-
Islands, the writer is unable here to ascertain, not having had access
to the important publications which emanated from that expedition.
However, amongst the Chatham plants, illustrated by Monsieur
De Caisne in that work, solely Eurybia semidentata is quoted by
Dr. Hooker. In 1858 a temporary direct trade between Melbourne
and the Chatham-Islands brought within the reach of the author
several plants not embraced in Dr. Dieffenbach’s collection ; these
were kindly gathered and presented by Captain Anderson ; others
were received about the same period through the friendly offices of
the Honorable Dr. Featherstone, Administrator of the Government
in the Province of Wellington, and in the same year the writer was
favoured by Mr. A. J. Ralston, at the time a citizen of Melbourne,
with a gift of flower- and fruit-bearing plants of the magnificent
Myosotidium nobile, Shortly afterwards an essay on that singular
plant, described then as Cynoglossum Chathamicum, was read before
the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, but was withdrawn from pub-
lication in the Transactions of that Society, because meanwhile the
venerable Sir Will. Hooker had given an account of the same plant ;
moreover, it received simultaneously from Dr. Hooker the name

3

Cynoglossum nobile in Professor Lindley’s Gardeners’ Chronicle.
Three years afterwards Mr. Will. Seed, of Wellington, proceeded to
the Chatham-Islands on behalf of the Customs Department of New
Zealand. The published official Report resulting from this gentle-
man’s journey (bearing date 21 October, 1861) contains also some
interesting ethnological information and many intelligent remarks
on the physical aspect, on the resources and on the natural produc-
tions of the islands, and is accompanied by a list of the trees observed
there. Valuable as all this information proved for phytology, it
suggested only more strongly the desirability of effecting a metho-
dical search of the plants of this group. Therefore it must be
considered a singularly fortunate circumstance, that the gentleman
to whom this work is dedicated, on learning through Dr. Julius
Haast, the distinguished geographer and geologist of Canterbury,
how advantageous to science a close examination of the Chatham-
Islands might prove, at once decided’ to entrust this task to his son,
Mr. Henry H. Travers, and with a rare generosity Mr. Travers
resolved to bear solely the whole of the expenses arising from this
mission. If such acts of munificence were more frequent how
delightfully and speedily might many scientific enquiries, for which
the opportunities are too often lost, be originated or sustained. Thus
the youthful naturalist set out on his voyage in October, 1863, and
during a stay of several months on Chatham- and Pitt-Islands accu-
moulated the material, which forms the principal foundation of this
memoir. Moreover, the young gentleman added considerably to our
knowledge of the physical geography and zoology of these insular
spots. These observations and his anthropological notes will else-
where receive due promulgation. But it is only just to offer on this
occasion a public acknowledgement of the great kindness experienced
by the traveller from Mr. Frederick Hunt, of Pitt-Island, who not
only afforded him hospitality and aid in that place, but also perio-
dically joined in his excursions through Chatham-Island, Captain
Thomas, Revenue Officer, and Mr. Alexander Shand, are likewise
entitled to recognition of services rendered to Mr. Travers whilst
forming his collections.

The fullest set of the plants secured was after Mr. Travers’s return
presented by his father to the Phytological Museum of Melbourne
with a view to their elucidation.

4

The pages of the first volume of Dr. Hooker’s Manual on New
Zealand plants having passed through the printing-press before the
“Chatham-collections became available, the results of the present
treatise could not be incorporated into that work, but will be acces-
sible for any appendix to the second volume. The author regrets
not having had the advantage of consulting Dr. Hooker's publication,
which has not yet reached Australia; but it ay be anticipated,
that the recent observations of that illustrious phytographer on the
New Zealand plants and those on the Chatham-Flora recorded in
this book, have led in many instances to the same conclusions.

The collections thus accumulated in the Chatham-Islands com-
prise 129 species of plants, apparently indigenous. Of these 42 are
dicotyledonous, representing not less than 32 orders and 87 genera ;
20 are monocotyledonous (including a doubtful Calorophus mentioned
by Dr. Hooker), and these exhibit 9 orders and 19 genera; the re-
maining 67 plants are acotyledonous. It may however be predicted,
that although we are now fully acquainted with the trees and shrubs
of these islands, still some phanerogamic herbaceous plants, most
likely also several of the ferns common in New Zealand, and certainly
an abundance of cryptogamic plants remain still to be discovered.
Plants evidently immigrated are however not taken into account ;
for instance, Cerastium vulgatum, Potentilla anserina, Taraxacum
officinale, Sonchus oleraceus, Solanum nigrum, Holcus lanatus. In
addition to these introduced plants Mr. Travers mentions in his
journal the English Daisy, the Mustard, the Dock, the Burr, a Poly-
gonum (probably P. aviculare) and the Wild Strawberry. Of ferns,
inclusive of Lycopodiacee, we know now 25 as existing in the
Chatham-Islands, all identical with species found in New Zealand ;
these comprise 14 genera. The other cryptogamic plants collected
by Mr. Travers, have not been systematically enumerated in this
work, inasmuch as they evidently present an imperfect picture of
that part of the Flora of this island-group. May it therefore suffice
on this occasion to point out, that the 12 Mosses of the collection
include representatives of the genera Sphagnum, Rhacomitrium,
Macormitrium, Bryum, Funaria, Polytrichum, Hypnum, Hookeria.
The only Lichenaster is devoid of fruit. The 9 Lichens are compre-
hended in the genera Ramalina, Peltigera, Sticta, Parmelia, Stereo-
caulon and Cladonia; the 20 Algze comprise species of Sargassum,

5

Cystophora, Phyllospora, Ecklonia, Sphacelaria, Champia, Amphiroa,
Melobesia, Plocamium, Iridea, Ballia, Griffithsia, Caulerpa, Conferva
(Cheetomorpha) and some other genera. Of Fungi none are contained
in the collection. A comparison of the plants of the Chatham-Islands
with those of New Zealand, as far as they are known to the author,
has proved, that only 9 phanerogamous species are peculiar to the
former, and even of the specifie validity of some of these we are not
finally assured. Eight of these seemingly endemic plants are referable
to the genera Coprosma, Gingidium, Eurybia, Senecio, Leptinella and
Myrsine, whilst only one (Myosotidium nobile) constitutes a genus
peculiar to the islands, As all the other genera are represented in
the vegetation of New Zealand, we are warranted in regarding the
flora as merely an extension of that of the great neighbouring group,
the territory of which may indeed at one period have stretched unin-
terruptedly across, a supposition strengthened by the fact of navi-
gators having obtained soundings throughout the interjacent sea.
This persuasion impresses itself the more forcibly on the mind of the
observer, if he contrasts the Chatham-vegetation with that of Raoul-
Island, imperfectly as it is known (conf. J. Hooker in Proceed. Linn.
Soe. i. 125) and more particularly with that of Norfolk-Island and
of Tasmania, certain points of all these isolated spots being nearly
equidistant from New Zealand. Little in the vegetation of the
Chatham-Islands is strikingly peculiar, except the Myosotidium and
the grand arborescent Composites (Eurybia Traversii and Senecio
Huntii), which add two singular forms to the very limited number
of such plants of this extensive order as rise to the height of trees ;
such also elsewhere occur chiefly in insular localities. Of the phane-
rogamic plants of the Chatham-Islands 24, and of the ferns 6, are
otherwise restricted to New Zealand. Other 11 of the di- or mono-
cotyledonous plants and seemingly 6 of the ferns are common to New
Zealand and Australia or some of the adjacent islands, whilst 12 of
the phanerogamic plants (the introduced ones excluded) and as many
of the ferns are more or less widely dispersed over the globe. Of the
Australian plants, occurring in the Chatham-group, only one, Leuco-
_pogon Richei, seems hitherto not observed in New Zealand ; whereas
Hymenanthera latifolia, indigenous both to Norfolk- and Chatbam-
Island, represents in all likelihood but one of the extreme forms of
an Australian and New Zealandian species. Tetragonia implexicoma,

6

frequent on the shores of extratropical Australia and the Chatham-
Islands, has also been recently discovered by Mr. Travers, sen., at
Lyttleton-Harbour, of New Zealand, where apparently it produces
its red baccate fruit more readily than elsewhere.

Dr, Dieffenbach alludes to the occurrence of two plants in the
Chatham-Islands not otherwise as such on record, namely a Typha
and Cyathea medullaris, which latter will probably be found identical
with the Cyathea Cunninghami of this work.

The berry-bearing supposed pine, mentioned by Dr. Dieffenbach
as a Taxus, is likely to be identified with Cyathodes acerosa.

Some of the notes of Mr. Travers’s journal, as bearing directly on
the vegetation of these islands, need here an abridged record.

Not only the Maori-huts, but also the dwellings of the Europeans
are built of posts of fern-trees, lashed together with Supplejack
(Rhipogonum scandens). The Toi-grass (Arundo conspicua) is em-
ployed for thatching. The aboriginal inhabitants, before their sub-
jugation by the New Zealand natives, chiefly resorted to fern-roots
as vegetable food prepared in the manner customary in New Zealand.
They formed rafts of the flowerstalks of Phormium tenax, spliced with
Supplejack, the generality of the timber not being sufficiently large
for constructing canoes. It is therefore the author’s intention to aid
_ in introducing into the islands some of the Australian timber-trees
of the most vigorous growth. The species of Potamogeton and other
water-weeds, common in lakes of New Zealand and Australia, were
not observed ‘by Mr. Travers, who indeed in all his excursions noticed
only one floating water-plant, to which however he could not obtain
access. The peat in some localities was found to extend to a depth
of fifty feet ; in several parts of the island this peat has been on fire
for years, burning at a considerable depth below the surface, which,
when sufficiently undermined, caves in and is consumed. Mr. Travers
saw ashes of these fires arising from a depth of thirty feet. At one
place he remarked in the burning peat six or seven -feet below the
surface the trunks of trees, evidently far exceeding in size any now
growing on the islands. Large numbers of indigenous herbaceous
plants have probably been destroyed, partly by burning of the surface-
ground and partly by depastured animals roaming over it.

The author feels, that it devolves on him to vindicate the prin-
ciples, by which he was guided in the limitation of some of the

(4

species, circumscribed anew on this occasion ; especially as the appli-
cation of these principles involved the suppression of numerous plants,
to which specific value had hitherto been unquestionably assigned.
The description of a genuine species clearly should be so framed, as
to admit of its embracing any of the aberrations from the more usual
type, to which under various climatic or geologic circumstances a
species can possibly be subject ; and the diagnosis should be so con-
structed as to include all the cardinal characters of the species, none
of these ever admitting of exceptions. ,

But the material even in the greatest museums and the evidence
extant from the most extended field-observations are as yet insuf-
ficient for fixing finally the diagnosis of almost any known species ;
and it will be therefore a problem of future research, to trace anew
the specific demarcation of the organic forms throughout the creation,
to ascertain to what extent nature has endowed each to accommodate
itself to altered conditions, to elucidate how far in each special
instance such influences change the external form of the species,
and to determine the bearing of each to the geological features of
the globe. From his own lengthened observations, carried on in this
sense, the author feels justified in drawing the conclusion, that the
number of species has been vastly overrated, and further, that their
distinction never rests on a solitary or on faint characters. <A study
of plants growing in localities, where they are exposed to most
unusual agencies, yields results of profound significance; and the
revelations, to be derived from a clear insight into the vegetation
of Australia, are in many cases as startling as replete with deep
instructive meaning. It is there where we may trace plants, often
in strangely altered forms from the glacier-regions to forest depres-
sions, in the mild air of which even tropical species may luxuriate ;
it is there again where we may witness the effects of the Sirocco of
a desert-country on otherwise alpine or tropical jungle-plants.

But recognizing this wonderful adaptability of the species to
sometimes singularly different circumstances, the writer has never
been led to assume, that limitation of species is hopeless, or that an
uninterrupted chain of graduations absolutely connects the forms of
the living creation. Analytical dissections, counting by hundreds of
thousands, instituted as well on living plants in the field as on the
material accumulated in his museum, have never left such impres-

8

sions on his mind ; but on the contrary convinced him of the great
truth, that the Supreme power to which the universe owes its exis-
tence, called purposely forth those wonderful and specifically ever
unalterable structures of symmetry and perfection, structures in
which a transit to other species would destroy the beautiful harmony
of their organization, and would annihilate their power to perform
those functions specially allotted to each in this great world from the
morn of creation to the end of this epoch. But be it understood,
nature only created species, occasionally but not permanently ob-
literated in their characters by hybridism. Genera and orders are
merely the strongholds around which we arbitrarily array them to
facilitate generalization, to ease the search and to aid the memory.
Hence the limitation of these must depend entirely on the individual
view of the observer, and therefore be ever vacillating ; but this
should not finally be the fate of the species. ;

The author, in conclusion, cannot suppress a hope of seeing our
collections of animals and plants of the Chatham-group completed
through the exertions of those residents who feel an interest in the
works of nature which surround them. For scientific researches in

lands mainly occupied by savages, the missionaries enjoy unparalleled

facilities. But although these self-denying bearers of civilization
have exercised throughout the last centuries a not unimportant
influence on the task of our storing together the treasures of natural
science, an influence never more gloriously exemplified than in the
labours of Dr. Livingstone during our time, it cannot be concealed,
that if the devoted men, who carry abroad the word of God, were
more generally cognizant how often it is alone as yet in their power
to reveal also many of the marvellous works of God, of which no
spot, however desolate and lonely, is devoid, the universal history
of nature would be much earlier written, and on the divine labours
“of the mission throughout the globe would be shed an additional
brilliant lustre.

Botanic Gardens,
Melbourne, 15th September, 1864.

ENUMERATION

OF THE

PLANTS OF THE CHATHAM-ISLANDS.

VIOLACEZ.
HYMENANTHERA LATIFOLIA.
Endl. Prodrom. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 71; Endl. Iconograph. Gener. Plant. 108.

Varietas Chathamica ; leaves serrulate.

Rare in woods.

The specimina brought by Mr. Travers are fruit-bearing and
respond fully to Endlicher’s description and Bauer’s illustration, with
exception of the margin of the leaves, which is toothed by short
regular notches. The stipules, overlooked in the plant of Norfolk-
Island, and also by some describers of the Australian species, are
akin to those of H. Banksii, although proportionately larger. The
plant from Norfolk-Island and Chatham-Island may exhibit merely
a luxurious variety of the Australian species. The embryo of the
Chathamian plant agrees in its characters entirely with the united
Australian and Tasmanian species ; the cotyledons being orbicular,
not narrow as (probably from a side view of those of H. crassifolia
in Fitch’s Illustration, vii. of J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeal.) recorded in
Benth. and J. Hook. admirable Genera Plantarum, i. p. 120, and
Benth. Flor. Austr. i. 104. Having had only an opportunity of
examining flowering specimens of the New Zealandian congener,
which in no respect differ from certain especially alpine states of H.
Banksii, the author must leave it for future observers to ascertain
whether in reality H. crassifolia can be distinguished by the narrow-
ness of its cotyledons. In adopting for the combined Australian and

B

10

Tasmanian plant the name H. Banksii, the former specific appella-
tions H. angustifolia and H. dentata were abandoned as carrying no
longer any significance with them, since it was moreover proved
(Plants of Victoria, i. p. 70) that the form of the leaves is not even
available for a precise distinction between H. Banksii and H. latifolia.
In all probability only one species of this genus exists, for which the
collective name H. Banksii might well be retained. R. Brown, when
establishing the genus in his learned memoir on the Congo plants
(Append. to Tuckey’s Narrative of an Expedition to the River Zaire,
p. 442), attributes to it the exceptional ordinal character of a two-
celled berry ; all fruits, however, examined on this occasion, even in
a very young state, proved one-celled.

LINE.
LINUM MONOGYNUM.

G. Forster, Florul. Insular. Austral. Prodrom. 145; Botanic. Magaz. 3574;
A. Richard, Voyage de l’Astrolabe, i. 317-318 ; Planchon in Hook. Lond.
Journ. of Botany, vii. 170; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 28.

Almost everywhere except in woods.

GERANIACEA.
GERANIUM DISSECTUM.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 956; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 39; F. M. Plants of
Victoria, 1.173; Benth. Flor. Austral. i. 295 ; G. pilosum, G. Forst. Prodr.
531; Sweet, Geran. ii. t. 119; A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i, 295.

Frequent except in woods.

MALVACEA.
PLAGIANTHUS BETULINUS.

All. Cunningham in Annals of Natural History, iv. 25; J. Hook. Flor. Nov.
Zeeland. i. 29; P. urticinus, A. Cunn. 1. c.

Chatham- and Pitt-Island; common in woods. Native name
“ Whawhi.”

The specimina are in fruit; these, the leaves and calyces are
larger than those of the New Zealandian specimina of our museum.

From various parts of New Zealand our collection possesses plants
of Plagianthus Lyallii (Asa Gray, Botany of Unit. States Explor.
Expedition, 181), although only in a flowering state. These show
the number of styles to be variable from 10 to 15 (10, 11, 18, 15),

ll

whilst the stigmata are oblique-terminal, very slightly or hardly
decurrent, sometimes more curvate-clavate, sometimes so thickened
as to appear capitate and to offer a transit to the more decidedly
peltate stigma of Hoheria populnea. Thus the habit of the plant,
its bisexual flowers and its stigmata mediate a clear transit to Sida,
from which the closely allied Hoheria populnea, in appreciation of
its winged carpels, can be also only sectionally separated, as indicated
in the Fragm. Phyt. Austr. i 29. A curious variety of Sida Lyallii,
with small deeply incised leaves, collected by Mr. Travers and Dr.
Haast in Middle Island, may be distinguished as var. ribifolia.

CORIARIEA.
CoRIARIA RUSCIFOLIA.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 1467, accord. to J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 45; C. sar-
mentosa, G. Forst. Florul. Insular. Austral. Prodr. 733; G. Forst. de Plant.
Escul. Insul. Ocean. Austr. 46; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 364;
Bot. Magaz. 2470.

Common in woods and at their edges. Native name “Tutu.”
The .Chatham-plant represents the large-leaved normal form.

The single orbicular or ovate-orbicular bracteoles at the base of the

pedicels render the unexpanded raceme amentaceous. In the

mountain region of the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand, at

an elevation from 2500-4000 feet, on open ground and shingles, a

variety was collected by Dr. Haast, singular for the narrow-linear

leaves of its branchlets,

Dr. Dieffenbach assigns to this plant the native name “Tupa-
kihi,” and mentions that the natives use it for dyeing the strings of
their mats with a durable black.

CARYOPHYLLE.
CoLtopantuus BILLARDIERII.
Fenzl - den Annalen des Wiener Museums, i. 48; J. Hook. Flor. Nov.
Zeel. i. 27; F. M. Plants of Victor. i. 212; Benth. Flor. Austral. i. 161.
Varietas brachypoda ; leaves channelled, rigid, mostly about
3" long; pedicels hardly as long as or distinctly shorter than the

flower.
Chatham-Island.
The same variety has been collected in the Province of Canter-

bury, New Zealand, by Dr. Haast.

12

TETRAGONIACEZ.
TETRAGONIA IMPLEXICOMA.

J. Hook. Flor. Tasman. i. 148, ii. 362; F. M. Plants of Vict. tab. xiii. ;
Tetragonella implexicoma, Mig. in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i: 246.

Widely spreading or frequently climbing, frutescent ; leaves
ovate-rhomboid, occasionally narrow-lanceolate or broad-rhomboid ;
pedicels axillary, solitary or geminate, downy, longer than the
flower, often much longer ; lobes of the calyx semilanceolate, nearly
twice as long as broad, almost of equal size, inside intensely yellow ;
stamens generally 12-16 ; styles two rarely three, rather long ; ovary
two- rarely three-celled; fruit almost spherical, red, two-seeded
seldom three-seeded, without wings or teeth ; putamen small, con-
stricted above the middle, very slightly bilobed at the summit.

Varietas Chathamica ; leaves broader, lobes of the calyx more
unequal and proportionately broader, styles 3-4 and rather shorter,
fruit three- or four-celled. :

In damp crevices of rocks on the sea-coast of Chatham-Island.

The normal form of this plant occurs extensively from the west
coast of Australia along the whole south coast and on the Tasmanian
shores, trailing and climbing, often exposed to the spray of the sea,
over sand-ridges and particularly rocks or trees, thus forming not
unfrequently graceful festoons, It furnishes as good a spinage as
T. expansa,

The calyx is oftener four- than five-lobed. The fruit ripens very
scantily. Both T. expansa and T. implexicoma produce always
bisexual flowers.

This appears an appropriate occasion to contrast the characters
of Tetragonia expansa with those of T. implexicoma, inasmuch as
probably both species occur promiscuously in New Zealand and its
dependencies, and as the Chatham-plant slightly infringes on some
of the characters, by which in Australia both its Tetragoniz can be
easily recognized.

TETRAGONIA EXPANSA.
Murray in Comment. Goettingens. vi. 18, t. 5 (1788); Scopoli, Delicie Faune
et Flore Insubrica, i. 82, t. 14; Solander in Aiton Hort. Kew. ed. i. vol.
ii. 178; Thunb. in Transact. Linn. Soc. ii. 335; Willd. Spec. Plant. ii. 1024;
Bot. Magaz. 2362; Cand. Plant. Grass. t. 114; Cand. Prodr. iii. 452;
Endlich. Prodrom. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 72; Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolab. i.
320; Payer in Annal. des Scienc. Naturell. 3 serie, xviii. 240-245, pl. 18;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 77; Flor. Tasman. i. 147; T. Japonica,
Thunb. Flor. Japon. p. 208 (1784) ; T. halimifolia, G. Forst. Florul. Insul.

13

Austr. 223 (1786); Plant. Escul. 67 ; Roth. Bot. Abhandlung. und Beo-
bacht. 48, t.8; T. cornuta, Gertner, de Fruct. & Seminib. ii. 483, t. 179

(1791); T. inermis, F. M. in Linnea, 1852, 384; Demidovia tetragonoides,

Pallas, Enumer. Plant. Hort. Procop. a Demidof, t. i. (1781).

Prostrate, annual or biennial ; leaves deltvid-rhomboid ; flowers
subsessile or on pedicels shorter than the calyx, axillary, solitary or
less frequently geminate ; wpper lobe of the calyx much broader
than long, semiorbicular or dimidiate-elliptical; the other lobes
mostly deltoid, all connivent, slightly yellow inside ; stamens usually
about 16; styles short, generally 8, occasionally 4-7 or 9; fruit green,
almost turbinate, slightly compressed, wingless, 4-9-celled ; seeds
generally more than four ; putamen usually towards the summit
producing four acute tecth, sometimes unequally eight-toothed or
without teeth, at the base excavated, at the summit with as many
ridges as fruit-cells.

In Continental Australia sparingly dispersed along the coast
from Port Phillip to Moreton Bay; also noticed in the vicinity of
Lake Torrens, and in Tasmania; seemingly frequent in New Zealand.

The Australian plant shows no differences from that gathered in
New Caledonia by Pancher, at Macao by Hance, in Japan by Th.
Siemssen, and in Valdivia by Philippi as compared on this occasion.

MESEMBRYANTHEA.
MESEMBRYANTHEMI Sp.

Found in the Chatham-Islands by Mr. Travers, but the specimina
accidentally lost. Most probably the Chatham-plant will prove
identical with M. australe (Soland. in Forst. Prodr. 523), since this
is the only species hitherto observed in New Zealand and in Norfolk-
Island.

LEGUMINOSA.
EDWARDSIA GRANDIFLORA.

Salisbury in Transact. Linnean Society, ix. 299; Loddig. Cabinet, t. 1162;
Loisl. Herbier de l’Amat. iii. 182 ; Benth. in J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 52;
E. microphylla, Salisb. 1. c.; Bot. Mag. t. 1442; Reichenb. Magaz. der
Est. Bot. t. 19; E. myriophylla, Wenderoth in Linnea, v. 201; Sophora
tetraptera, J. Mill. Icon. Animal. et Plant. t.i.; Meerburgh, Plant. Select.
t.19; Bot. Mag. 167; Lam. Encyclop. t. 325 ; Red. in Dubamel, edit. nouv.
iii. t. 20; Kern. Hort. t. 58; Rom. Magaz, iv. 10; Sophora microphylla,
Ait. Hort. Kew. first edit. ii. 42; Jacquin, Hort. Schenbr. t. 269; Lam.
Encycl. t. 325.

This plant is inserted into this list on the authority of Mr. Travers,
who noticed in the bush on the margin of the great lagoon three

14

“trees of this plant, about 15’ high, but at the time destitute of
flowers and fruits.

ROSACEA.
PoTENTILLA ANSERINA.

Linné, Spec. Plantar. 710; Smith’s English Flora, ii. 417; Engl. Bot. t. 861;
Lehmann, Historia Potentillar. 71; J. Hook. Flor. Nove Zeel. i. 53;
Lehm. in Walp. Annal. Botan. Syst. ii. 513, et in Nov. Act. Acad. Cesar.
Leopold. Carolin. xxiii., Suppl. p. 188-191; P. anserinoides, Raoul in
Annales des Sciences Naturell. trois. serie, ii. 123 ; Raoul, Choix de Plant.
de la Nouvell. Zélande, 28; Lehm. in Acad. Leop. Carol. p. 191.

On moist places nearly everywhere.

The plant is most probably indigenous neither in the Chatham-
Islands nor in New Zealand nor in Australia. In the latter country
it is as yet but seen on places widely apart, but gaining ground in
its localities.

ANACARDIACEA:.
CoRYNOCARPUS LEVIGATA.

J. RB. & G. Forst. Charact. Gener. Plantar. p. 31, t.16; Linné fil. Suppl.
Plant. 156; G. Forst. Florul. Insul. Austral. Prodr. 114; Willd. Spec.
Plant. ii.1178; Lamark, Encyel. Method. t. 148; Achill. Richard, Voy.
de l’Astrolabe, i. 365; All. Cunn. in Annal. of Nat. Hist. iv. 260; Bot.
Mag. t. 4397; Endl. Gen. Plant. 1410; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeal. i. 48 ;
Benth. & J. Hook. Gen. Plant. i. 425.

Chatham-Island, in woods.

Aboriginal name “ Karaka.”

The natives use the fruit in the same manner as it is used by the
New Zealanders.

The identification of the Chatham-Island plant with that of New
Zealand rests solely on a comparison of the leaves.

Dr. Dieffenbach (Journ. of the Roy. Geograph. Soc. of Lond. xi.
206) observes, that the Karaka or Corynocarpus levigata forms the
largest part of the forest of the Chatham-Island, and that it rises to
a height of 60’, its stem attaining a diameter of 1-3’; further, that
its wood is light and spongy, and that this is the only tree of
sufficient size for being used by the natives for making their canoes.
A large pigeon finds plentiful food on the fruit of the Karaka-tree.

This noble tree, though rather of slow growth, deserves to be
adopted for garden-plantations in all latitudes to which it may
adapt itself, The dense dark evergreen of its foliage imparts to the

tree a real grandeur, It has well withstood the dry heat of the
Australian summer.

15

ONAGREZ.
EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM.

Linné, pen, Plant. 494; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctica, ii, 270-271; Flor. Nov.
Zeel. i. p. 60; Flor. Tasm. i. 117; EH. palustre, L. Sp. 495; E. glabellum,
Forst. Prodr. 160; E. junceum, Forst. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 233; E.
Billardierianum, Seringe in Cand. Prodr. iii. 41; J. Hook. Fl. Tasm. i.
117, t. xxi.; E. pubens, Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’ Astrolabe, 329, t.36; E.
cinereum, A. Rich. 1. c.; E. pallidiflorum, Soland. accord. to A. Cunn. in
Annal. of Nat. Histor. iii. 31; E. virgatum, E. hirtigerum, E. confertum
and E. incanum, A. Cunn. 1. c.; E. macranthum, J. Hook. Icon. Plant.
297; E. melanocoulon, Hook. Icon. 813; E. canescens, Endl. Enum. Plant.
Hueg. 44; Schlechtend. Linnea, xx. 646 ; E. Baueri, Endl. 1. ¢.

In swampy places of Chatham-Island nearly everywhere.

The specimina brought by Mr. Travers approach to the more
typical form. The innumerable varieties of this species, which is
one of the most protean of the globe, may be collected into three
principal groups. One of these groups of varieties comprises Epilo-
bium alpinum, L. Spec. 495 ; E. origanifolium, Lam. Encyel. ii. 376 ;
E. haloragifolium, A. Cunn. in Annal. Nat. Hist. ii, 34; E. micro-
phyllum, A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 325, t. 36 ; E. confertifolium,
J. Hook. Flor. Antarct..i. 10, et Icon. Plant. 685; E. tenuipes, J.
Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 59.

Another complex of varieties, more particularly though probably
not absolutely restricted to New Zealand, is formed by E. rotundi-
folium, Forst. Prodr. 161; E. nummularifolium, E. pedunculare, E.
nerteroides, E. alsinoides, E.thymifolium, E. atriplicifolium, All. Cunn.
in Annal. of Nat. Hist. iii. 31 e¢ seg. ; E. linneoides, J. Hook. Flor.
Antarctic. i. 9, t.6; E. macropus, Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 812.

All these plants with a host of other synonyms, which it would
be superfluous to conjoin on this occasion, might when contrasted
with the very few other well-marked species of this genus, such as
E. latifolium, E. luteum, E. suffruticosum and E. hirsutum, be recog-
nized by the following brief diagnosis : Flowers axillary and terminal,
solitary, not truly racemose ; lobes of the calyx connate towards the
base ; petals bilobed, pink or pale ; stamens and style included and
almost straight ; filaments not distinctly dilated at the base ; anthers
small; style glabrous ; stigma club-shaped ; ovules uniseriate ; cap-
sules nacreip-cplindeieal’s coma several times longer than the seeds.

Dr, Hooker first recognized the wide distribution of E. tetrago-
num over the globe (conf. Flor. Antarctic. ii. 270). The author of

16 ;

this memoir, in watching the Epilobia for many years in Australia,
is persuaded, that no other but this species occurs in this continent,
where it is widely dispersed over the extratropical part, reaching
tropical latitudes towards the east coast, ascending to the summits
of the alps and penetrating to the edges of the arid deserts,
Adapting itself to so varied climatic conditions the plant assumes
corresponding protean forms, though, as remarked, apparently not
those forms which in the humid climate of New Zealand have their
prototype in E. rotundifolium. Some of the extreme varieties of the
species appear to the isolated observer to indicate specific distinction ;
but it would be a vain attempt to draw the limits between these
forms, as no diagnosis founded on them would stand the field-test,
Through the kindness of W. Woolls, Esq., of Parramatta, I received
specimina, collected by All. Cunningham at thé Bay of Islands in
July 1838, and to which Cunningham attached the name E. rotun-
difolium, thus apparently discarding the distinctions on which his
E. nummularifolium, &., rested; for these specimina accord more -
closely with Dr. Hooker’s definition of E. nummularifolium than
with that of E. rotundifolium. The copious production of seeds of
all Epilobia renders it unlikely, that specific demarcations between
them have been obliterated by hybridism. It is a curious fact that
seemingly hitherto no other Epilobia have been found in the southern
hemisphere than those referable to E. tetragonum.

CORNEA.
CoROKIA BUDDLEYOIDES.

All. Cunn. in Annal. of Nat. Hist. iii. 249; Hook. Icon. Plant. 424; J. Hook.
Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 98.

Common in the woods of Chatham-Island.

A stately plant, dwarf when growing on the sea-coast. Leaves
lanceolate-ovate or lanceolate, without conspicuous stipules. Brac-
teoles at the base of the pedicels canalicular-lanceolate, 4—-1’” long.
Teeth of the calyx 5, occasionally 6 or 7, deltoid, about 2” long.
Petals semilanceolate, with broad base sessile, 2-23” long, inside
yellow, tardily dropping. Stamens inserted outside of the narrow
epigynous disk. Anthers yellow, ellipsoid, dorsifixed, hardly 1’”
long. Ovary two-celled, each cell containing a single pendent ovule.
Fruit a true drupe, with orange-colored pericarp. Putamen egg-
shaped, thick, bony, one-celled. Seed about 2”” long, ellipsoid-
cylindrical. Testa tender-membranous, pallid. Embryo equally

17

slender-cylindrical, nearly as long as the albumen, straight; the
cotyledons semielliptical, several times shorter but not thicker than
the superior radicle,

This plant is strictly referable to Cornew, a group seemingly
only discernible from Araliaceze by its bony putamen and perhaps
the length of the embryo. Koch (Synops. Flor. German, i. 353)
records wrongly the embryo of Hedera Helix about as long as the
albumen. Bennett in his learned remarks on Polyosma (conf. Horsf.
Plant. Javan. rarior. 194) reduces the Alangies to the family of
Cornex, which thus amongst Australian and New Zealandian plants
would comprise, Corokia buddleyoides, Corokia Cotoneaster, Grise-
linia lucida, Rhytidandra polyosmoides (F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr.
ii, 84 & 176). ;

Polyosma Cunninghami, according to R. Br. (in Horsf. Plant.
Javan. 196) is rather referable to Escallonieze than to Corneze. Recent
discoveries of new types of genera have, however, much invalidated
the formerly assumed characteristics of all allied orders. Thus the
genus Mackinlaya (F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. iv. 119) renders the
transit from Araliacese to Umbelliferee almost complete.

EUPHORBIACEA,
EUPHORBIE sp.

A plant of this genus was observed in the Chatham-Islands by
Mr. Travers. It is most likely Euphorbia glauca (Forst. Prodr. 208 ;
Achill. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolab. 352; J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 227),
a plant common in New Zealand and to be found also in Norfolk-
Island.

UMBELLIFERZ.
Ginerpium DIEFFENBACHII.

Tall, erect ; sheaths of the petioles produced at the summit in two
blunt teeth; leaves thrice pinnatisected ; their segments long,
linear, flat, flaccid, hardly or slightly spreading, seven-nerved,
short-mucronate; rachis and rachille imperfectly jointed ; floral
leaves with generally five segments and a petiole vaginate to the
summit; panicle consisting of numerous pedunculate compound
umbels ; leaflets of the general and special involucres very few,
narrow-lanceolate ; teeth of the male calyx short.

On damp places under cliffs at the sea-shore.

Of this seemingly hitherto undescribed plant the collection con-
tains leaves and a portion of the aged male inflorescence, From

c

18

this material it appears that the species approaches closely to Gin-
gidium antipodum (Anisotome antipoda, J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic.
i. 17, +. ix.); it differs, however, in longer not so much spreading
evidently flat segments of the leaves, in longer teeth terminating
the petiolar sheaths, in not numerous leaflets of the involucres and
involucels, in less lengthened teeth of the male calyx and possibly
in its carpological characters, which remain as yet unascertained.

Nevertheless this and all the allied plants, including Gingidium
squarrosum, G. Monroi, G. glaciale, G. procumbens, need yet a more
extensive scrutiny in the field, before their specific value can be
ascertained and their respective diagnoses can be absolutely fixed.

The lower petioles of G. Dieffenbachii are free of a vaginal mem-
brane towards their summit. The segments of the leaves are about
1” broad or slightly broader, and the majority attains a length of
from 2-3". The leaflets of the general involucre are from 4-8’
long, are like those of the involucels placed somewhat unilaterally
and number often only three. The teeth of the male calyx are
deltoid and semilanceolate and generally less than 4 line long.

The name of Dr. Ernest: Dieffenbach is attached to this plant for
commemorating that we owe to this philosopher the first record of
the indigenous natural productions of the Chatham-group.

GINGIDII sp.

Mr. Travers collected on grassy places of Chatham-Island a
second Gingidium, to which, should it prove new, the name G. Tra-
versti might be given. It seems sufficiently characterized by leaves
with a but minutely denticulated sheath and (as far as the material
of the collection admits to judge) with two or three rigid segments,
which are somewhat broader than those of the foregoing species and
streaked by many longitudinal nerves; the floral leaves are simply
linear and undivided, passing into the petiole without any denticula-
tion. The leaflets of the general and special involucres are more
numerous and narrower than those of G. Dieffenbachii; the petals
roundish, almost sessile and fully as broad as long. It seems nearest
in its affinity to G. Monroi,

RUBIACE.
CoPRosMz sp.

_’ InMr. Travers’s collection are contained two species most probably
of this genus from the Chatham-Island ; these can seemingly not be

19

referred to any congeners of New Zealand ; but as both kinds at the
time of Mr. Travers’s stay on the islands were devoid of flowers and
fruit, the characteristic of these plants can only be given on a future
occasion.

COMPOSITA.
EvryBia TRAVERSII.
(Sect. Cardiostigma.)

Arboreous ; leaves short-petioled, large, flat, opposite, broad- or
lanceolate-ovate, perfectly teethless, beneath as well as the branchlets
and peduncles pale-silky, above smooth and shining ; the primary
veins forming large meshes; the veinlets but slightly conspicuous ;
panicles cymose, axillary and terminal, subsessile, with short
opposite branches and branchlets, condensed into a leafy rich inflo-
rescence; capitula small, without rays, 5-16-flowered ; scales of
the involucre 6-13, acute, outside as well as the peduncles and
bracts silky ; corollee appressed-downy ; those of the female flowers
-half as long as the male ones, considerably shorter than their style
and their pappus, attenuated into a minute ligular apex ; corolle of
the bisexual flowers little longer than the pappus ; stamens enclosed ;
stigma of the biseaual flowers with extremely short lobes ; pappus
twice or less than twice as long as the almost silky achenia ; its outer
bristles half or nearly as long as the inner ones, all slightly scabrous.

Generally distributed through the woods of Chatham- and Pitt-
Island, still most abundant near the sea-border.

A very beautiful not viscid tree, attaming a height of 30-35’,
called inappropriately by the colonists Bastard Sandalwood-tree and
passing under the native name “Ake-Ake.” The stem often 4’ in
girth, but almost always hollow, a character it has in common with
Eurybia argophylla. Branches and branchlets opposite ; the latter
somewhat quadrangular, and covered with a very close indument.
Petioles 2-5” long. Leaves coriaceous, 13-23" long, 1-12" broad,
rather distantly and spreadingly nerved, tapering at the base, mi-
nutely apiculate at the generally somewhat acute apex. Panicles
towards the summit of the branches rather copiously axillary, by
the fall of the leaves construing a terminal inflorescence. Ultimate
peduncles often shorter than the capitula and occasionally suppressed.
Bracts at the base of the general peduncle imbricate ; those at the
base of the succeeding and other peduncles solitary, opposite, 1-3’”
long, narrow-lanceolate, all persistent. Capitula from semiovate to
hemispherical. Scales of the involucre in very few rows, 1-14’”

20

long, narrow- and linear-lanceolate. Female flowers circumferential ;
their corolla only about 1’” long, forming a very slender cylinder,
which terminates in an entire or slightly slit apex of much less
length than the tube; style less than half exserted ; stigmata about
4” long. Bisexual flowers with a corolla of nearly 2”” length, which
is campanulate and five-toothed at the summit ; style short-exserted ;
stigma terminated into two roundish lobes of only about 3” length.
Anthers nearly 3”” long. Achenia 3-1” long, prominently lined.
Longest bristles of the pappus 1-14”” long; all fulvid.

On this, the noblest plant brought by Mr. Travers from the
Chatham-group, I gratefully bestow the name of the young pro-
mising naturalist and of his enlightened father, though offering
thereby but a faint acknowledgment of their generous response to a
proposition of adding by a phytological exploration of the Chatham-
Islands a limited but interesting contribution to the physical geo-
graphy of the globe.

Eurybia Traversii counts amongst the very few species of the
vast order.of Composite, attaining the height of stately trees. In
Continental Australia, and Tasmania we know only Eurybia argo-*
phylla to attain the same and occasionally even greater dimensions ;
indeed the latter may be the most gigantic species of this order any-
where in existence, like amongst Labiate our Prostanthera lasi-
anthos, which perhaps represents in that order the greatest if not
only timber tree. Eurybia argophylla attains occasionally the height
of 60’, and in this regard amongst coordinal plants only Synchoden-
dron ramiflorum of Madagascar and Melanodendron integrifolium
of St. Helena seem to rival with it. Eurybia lirata and Bedfordia
salicina may be noted 30’ high, but their stems are never so robust
as those of the forenamed plants; and none of the tall Eurybia and
Senecio species of New Zealand seem even to equal these latter in
height, unless Senecio Forsteri.

Eurybia Traversii is to be drawn to the series of species with
always or frequently opposite leaves, apparently not represented in
New Zealand, but of which from Continental Australia the following
are known: KE. viscosa (Cassini Dict. xxxvii. 487), E. chrysophylla
(Cand. Prodr: v. 266), E. megalophylla (F. M. in Papers of the Roy.
Soc, of Tasm. iii, 228), E. alpicola (F. M. 1. c. 229), E. rosmarinifolia
(Cand. Prodr. v. 268), E. oppositifolia (F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. ii.
88). From all these the Chatham-plant is well distinct by its tall
arboreous growth, by the form of its leaves, by its inflorescence, and
particularly by the singular reduction of the size of the female

21

flowers, those however of E. oppositifolia being as yet unknown.
In the latter character E. Traversii responds to some extent to the
species collected into the section Brachyglossa by Candolle and still
more intimately to E. tubuliflora (Sond. & Muell. in Linnea, xxv.
455), in which the minute female corolla is also decidedly shorter
than the style. The latter plant, from the vicinity of St. Vincent's
Gulf, is however in other respects widely different.

With E. argophylla the Chatham-plant has beyond its habitual
grandeur many characters in common; but except other notes the
alternate toothed leaves clothed beneath with a different indument,
the more elongated differently branched panicles, the conspicuous
development of ligules of the female flowers distinguish at once E.
argophylla. Perhaps a nearer approach is afforded by E. Beckleri,
an as yet undescribed species, discovered by Dr. Beckler on the
Clarence-River, similar in position, size and form, of leaves to E.
argophylla, distinguished however by their more velvety than silky
indument and their toothless margin ; of this the flowers and fruits
are as yet unknown, but the remnants of involucres indicate seemingly
sufficiently its generic position.

Possibly from all congeners E. Traversii recedes by its but very
slightly divided stigma of the female‘flowers. Still in other genera
of Composite this character has proved so little fixed, that only
sectional value is attached to it on this occasion.

Living plants, caused some years ago to be sent from the Chatham-
Islands by the Honorable Dr. Featherstone, Government Superin=
tendent of the Province of Wellington, N. Z., to the Botanic Garden
of Melbourne, have borne as yet no flowers.

Mr. Will. Seed, Landing Surveyor of Wellington, refers in a
printed report on the capabilities and productions of the Chatham-
Islands, dated 21st October 1861, also to the Ake-Ake as amongst
the principal woods of this island-group.

EuryBia SEMIDENTATA.
lenis semidentata, Decaisne, Planch. Voy. Venus accord. to J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. i. 114.

Leaves alternate, lanceolate, flat, above the middle distantly
serrulate, beneath thinly white velvet-downy, tapering into a sessile
base ; peduncles araneous-woolly, crowded towards the summit of
the branchlets, often considerably longer than the flower-heads, beset
with several small entire lanceolate leaves, terminated by a single
capitulum of copious flowers ; imvolucre consisting of svwmerous

22

linear-lanceolate towards the summit arameous scales, of which the
outer ones are half or more than half as long as the inner ones ;
corolla blue; ligules of the female flowers 17-22, entire, at least
twice as long as the tube; their style enclosed ; bisexual flowers
about as long as the involucre ; their corolla almost glabrous, of the
length of the pappus ; their anthers enclosed ; their stigmata about
one-third the length of the style; pappus little or hardly longer
than the slightly pubescent achenium ; its outer bristles variously
shorter than the inner ones. :

In damp open places of Chatham-Island.

Probably only of shrubby growth. Leaves on the summit of the
branchlets, 1-2” long, above soon glabrescent and shining, 3-5-nerved,
thinly net-veined ; the midnerve more prominent, the lateral ones
faint. Peduncles 3" or less long; their leaves measuring 3-6”.
Scales of involucre 2-33” long. Ligules 3-4” long, oblong-lanceolate.
Corolle both of disk and ray (according to Mr. Travers) vividly
blue ; those of the disk above the middle bell-shaped, at the summit
five-toothed. Anthers short-caudate. Style of either kind of flower
enclosed. Stigmata exserted, hardly 3’ long, narrow semiterete-
linear. Achenia 14” long, cee Pappus pale, not thickened
towards the apex.

Mr. Travers’s collection contains an allied plant, in all probability
not claiming specific distinction. It differs in blunt-toothed larger
leaves, attenuated more distinctly into a broad petiole, covered
beneath as well as the peduncles with a very dense tomentum,
further in larger capitula of which the partial vestiment is much
thicker though also araneously coherent, in still more numerous and
larger flowers and in a more evidently downy achenium.

At the edges of woods near the sea-shore not common.

The capitula enclose often about thirty ligules, which according
to Mr. Travers assume from a deep blue gradually a whitish hue,
and from 70-80 discal flowers, also blue but persistently so.

This plant is evidently allied to Eurybia operina (Arnica operina,
Forst. Prodr, 299 ; Olearia operina, J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 114),
which differs in larger more deeply crenate leaves, longer peduncles,
larger capitula, yellow discal flowers (according to Forster & Ach.
Rich. 1. c. 233). The absence of authentic specimina of the New
Zealand plant in the Melbourne collection prevents the writer to
carry the comparison further on this occasion. The leaves of the
larger variety of the Chatham-plant are not unlike those of Eurybia
Colensoi (Olearia Colensoi, J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 115),

23

Differences, such as are pointed out as existing between these
two Chathamian plants, may be,noted in several Australian species.

Senecio Huntit.

Arboreous, clammy ; branchlets and peduncles glandulous-downy;
leaves lanceolate, entire, firm, reflewed at the margin, from subtle
downs pale beneath, with unenlarged base sessile ; above gradually
glabrescent ; their veins immersed; panicle compact, terminal,
surrounded by leaves, somewhat pyramidal, producing numerous
flower-heads; peduncles copiously beset with very short brown
gland-bearing hair; capitula ligulate, with very numerous flowers ;
involucre from semiovate verging to semiglobose, supported by few
linear-subulate bracts; its scales about 13, unequal, mostly blunt,
not much shorter than the discal flowers, somewhat glandular-downy ;
alveoles of the receptacle toothless ; ligules of the female flowers not
rauch longer than their tube, entire; anthers almost entirely ex-
serted ; bristles of the pappus nearly as long as the discal corolle,
twice or thrice as long as the glabrous achenia, not thickened towards
the apex, almost biseriate.

On damp localities of woods growing generally in patches ; rare
in Chatham-Island, common in Pitt-Island.

A tree, often attaining according to Mr. Travers a height of 25’,
called “Rautine” by the aborigines. Branchlets cicatricose, seemingly
soon defoliated. Leaves, as far as seen, about 3” long, 3-1” broad,
with spreading primary and closely netted immersed secondary veins.
Panicle devoid of any long universal peduncle, interspersed with
some generally short and narrow floral leaves. Ultimate peduncles
somewhat or hardly longer than the capitula. Bracts near the apex
of the special peduncles and around the involucres 1-2” long. Scales
of involucre 24-3” long, linear- and lanceolate-oblong, bearded at
summit, imperfectly downy at the back, finally separating from each
other, Ray-flowers 15-18 ; their ligule 2-3” long, lanceolate-oblong,
yellow ; their style partially exserted. Disk-flowers about 40; their
corolla barely 3” long, campanulate above the middle, five-toothed
at the summit. Anthers about 1” long. Stigmata exserted. Achenia
measuring about 1” in length, furrowed, slender. Pappus white,
very tender, composed of 50-60 serrulate indistinctly biseriate
bristles.

This plant received its specific signification in order that the
name of Mr. Frederick Hunt may also phytologically for ever be
identified with that of the small isle, of which he was the first and is

24

still the principal European occupant, and in which this remarkable
species forms such a prominent feature of the primeval vegetation.
Mr. Hunt is moreover highly entitled to this mark of respect for the
kind assistance which he afforded to the young traveller in his exer-
tions of rendering known the vegetable products of these islands. A
hope is simultaneously expressed, that as a permanent resident there
the hospitable settler of Pitt-Island may also hereafter advance our
cognizance of the vegetation around him.

In its arborescent growth Senecio Huntii has probably amongst
the many hundreds of its congeners in the Victorian and Tasmanian
Senecio Bedfordii (Bedfordia salicina, Cand. Prody. vi. 441) and in
the New Zealand 8. Forsteri (J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 148, t. xl.)
its only rivals. In deep humid forest-gullies, favorable for its luxu-
riant development, 8. Bedfordii equals 8. Huntii in height, and thus
both excel as the tallest all others of a cosmopolitan genus, which is
recognized next-to Solanum as the richest of all in-species.

In the systematic series 8. Huntii may perhaps find its place
nearest to the exclusively Tasmanian 8. Brownii (Centropappus
Brunonis, J. Hook. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. vi. 124; Flor. Tasmai. i.
225, tab. Ixv.), which although much smaller exceeds also most other
species in size. Both plants have many characters in common, but
the Tasmanian plant differs in its smoothness, narrower flat leaves,
smaller panicles with less large capitula and often shorter peduncles,
much less numerous flowers of the heads, fewer and shorter scales
and broader and shorter bracts of the involucre as also more grossly
serrated upwards thickened bristles of the pappus.

8. Huntii approaches likewise in many characters to 8. glasti-
folius (J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 147, tab. xxxix.), which recedes
again in its smoothness, in petioled -often toothed leaves, in a less
compact inflorescence with fewer and larger capitula, in larger
bracts and also in upwards somewhat thickened pappus-bristles.

The transit of Bedfordia and Centropappus to Senecio, indicated
by Dr. J. Hooker, is rendered sufficiently clear by the discovery of
this Chathamian species.

SENECIO RADIOLATUS.

Upper leaves above the middle toothed and often also pinnatifid,
below the middle entire, with cordate or auriculate base sessile,
beneath somewhat arachnoid-downy ; their lobes almost semilanceo-
late ; flower-heads numerous, corymbose-paniculate ; receptacle pitted
with toothed alveoles ; involucres from cylindrical gradually some-

25

what bell-shaped, consisting of 12-16 unequal scales, surrounded by
several short subulate-semilanceolar bracts; flowers 60-70, not
exserted ; corolla of bisexual flowers but little wider towards the
summit; anthers enclosed ; ligules of the female flowers minute,
slightly shorter than their tube, considerably stretching beyond the
stigmata; achenia slender, not half as long as the involucre, grey
from a thin appressed when moistened mucous indument, of about
half the length of the very tender pappus; the latter hardly emerging
beyond the involucre.

Chatham-Island on sandy places at the sea-beach.

The collection contains flowering branches ; it remains therefore
to be ascertained whether the plant is annual, herbaceous-perennial
or frutescent, Branches rather stout, not woody, glabrescent. Upper
leaves flat, herbaceous, in circumference approaching to ovate- or
lanceolate-oblong, from the middle downward generally slightly
dilated ; the upper portion of the leaves always acutely toothed and
not unfrequently deeply cut into lobes. Inflorescence terminal,
consisting of very many capitula. Peduncles 1" or less long; most
of the special peduncles longer than the flower-heads; all bearing
several subulate- or lanceolate-linear bracts. Involucre 3-4’ long;
its scales linear and lanceolate-linear, glabrous except at the tip,
forming almost two rows, the narrower outer ones generally over-
lapping the scarious margins of the inner scales. Basal bracts of the
involucre but simply sphacelate at the apex. Bisexual corolle about
2” long. Radial flowers 10-14; their ligules hardly longer than
1’”, oblong-lanceolate, generally toothless, soon rolled back. Achenia
scarcely above 1’” long, only about }’” thick ; their indument ex-
panding into a transparent mucus when exposed to warm water.

This species seems to find amongst New Zealand plants its nearest
allied in S. latifolius and 8. Banksii. The former of these recedes,
according to Dr. Hooker’s notes, in larger leaves, a glandular indu-
ment of the achenia and long-emergent pappus. S. Banksii differs
(FI. Nov. Zeal. i. 145) in smaller capitula and achenia almost as long
as the involucre.

Should §S, radiolatus prove annual it might be drawn into the
series of S. vulgaris. The latter, which has immigrated into several
parts of Australia, is principally distinguished by its less robust
branches, smaller leaves, which are toothed in their whole length
and cut into shorter and blunter lobes, less numerous capitula with
fewer flowers, narrower scales of the involucre, the comparative
smoothness of the receptacle, which is not raised into toothed

D

26

alveoles, corolla at least in ordinary forms if not always uniform-
tubular and bisexual, achenia lined with rows of subtle indument,
which deliquesces to a less copious mucus when moistened.

Nearly the same characters distinguish §. silvaticus and S. livi-
dus from the Chatham-plant; but these two plants stand to it na
still nearer relationship on account of the extremely short ligules of
their female flowers, which rays are however generally not half as
long as their tube. §. viscosus recedes moreover in glabrous achenia;
its ligules are half or nearly as long as the tube; otherwise it differs
but fainily from 8. silvaticus and S. lividus, from which also 8.
crassifolius and 8, vernalis again mainly seem to differ only in broader
and still longer ligules. How far the short-ligulate of these plants
are claiming distinct positions in the botanical system a renewed
critical disquisition must show; and it will be well for the phyto-
grapher, who may attempt such disquisition, to be conscious how
multifarious an array of forms S. lautus presents in Australia.

Amongst native Australian plants only one is known with yellow
ligules so short or even shorter than those of 8. radiolatus, those of
S. leucoglossus (F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. ii. 15) being whitish.
This so far allied plant is one, distributed from the author's Austra-
lian collections about sixteen years ago as 8. BRACHYGLOSSUS, and
subsequently described by Dr. Sonder as Erechtites glossanthes
(Linnea, xxv. 524). It is not strictly referable to the section Pla-
giotome of Erechtites, inasmuch, as the ligules are considerably
longer than the style, and it cannot be far separated in a systematic
arrangement from S. silvaticus and its allies, with which it shares
the annual duration and very short ligules, the latter being half or
more than half as long as the tube, varying in length from 4-1”.
It adds thus another form, by which the generic limitation of Erech-
tites is rendered quite untenable. 8. brachyglossus, for which, should
a plant of the same name since published by Turezaninow (Bullet.
de la Soc. Impér. de Mose. xxiv. 2, 87) prove well defined, the name
of S, BREVILINGUEUS may be substituted, is readily recognized from
8. silvaticus in either lobeless or acutely lobed leaves with less or
not amplexant base, in shorter tubes of the female flowers, in
glabrous often shorter and fewer involucre-scales, in capitula with
fewer flowers, in dense- or even velvet-downy achenia and in a shorter
pappus. These characters it maintains in widely distant localities.
It has been found by the author originally near St. Vincent’s Gulf
and subsequently at Point Nepean and elsewhere about Port Phillip,
also on the Murray-River; by Dallachy on the Wimmera, by Beckler

x

27

on the Darling-River, by Wheeler near Stokes-Range and Cooper's
Creek, by Burkitt on the Lachlan-River and by Oldfield on the
Murchison-River.

LEPTiINnELLA FEATHERSTONIL.

Cotula Featherstonii, F. M. coll.

Stems branched, short-downy, not creeping ; leaves obovate- or
oblong-cuneate, with exception of the three-toothed summit entire,
tapering into a sessile base, invested with subtle downs; peduncles
axillary and terminal, less than thrice as long as the capitula, densely
short-downy ; eapitula with numerous female and very many bi-
sexual flowers; scales of the involucre 10-12, nearly biseriate, un-
equal, almost semilanceolate, thinly downy outside ; receptacle de-
pressed, hemispherical; female flowers pedicellate; their corolla
minute, pale, glandless, nearly conical, about half as long as their
achenium ; corolla of bisexual flowers four-toothed, glandless ; their
anthers exserted ; fertile achenia obovate-cylindrical, streaked, slightly
glandulous.

On damp rocks near the sea in one locality on the south-east
side of Chatham-Island.

A singular plant, according to Mr. Travers of luxuriant growth,
entirely dissimilar in habit to all other Leptinelle, and in general
appearance more resembling the species of Myriogyne. Two pieces
of a ramified stem or its branches, sent by Mr. Travers, seem suf-
ficiently to indicate a robust erect or at least not radicant growth of
this species. Branches stqut, grey from short soft somewhat appressed
hair. Leaves alternate, flat, 2-12" long, towards the summit }-2"
broad, at the blunt apex by generally two extremely short incisions
three-toothed, occasionally almost toothless, tapering into a some-
what petiolar base, of equal color on both sides and also clothed on
both pages with subtle downs, finely three-nerved, reticulated by
immersed hardly perceptible veins, ciliate by dense but extremely
short downs. Peduncles monocephalous, 1" or less long. Scales of
involucre 3-2’” long, outside short-downy. Capitula depressed-
globular, about 4’” broad, of strong but not unpleasant odor. Fe-
male flowers numerous, peripherical in many rows ; corolle 3-3”
long, broadly oblique-conical, glabrous, indistinctly toothed at the
contracted apex; style enclosed or its apex exserted, lobes of the
stigma exceedingly short ; achenia streaked by several prominent
lines, not compressed, hardly longer than ‘half a line, brown-grey ;
their pedicel half or less than half as long as the achenium, the

28

latter readily separating, leaving the receptacle closely covered with
these persistent stipites. Male flowers central, numerous, developing
no achenium ; corolle about 1’” long, yellowish. Anthers 4, pale-
yellow, }-}’” long, acute at the apex, without appendages at the
base. Style simple, enclosed. Stigma truncate, very slightly divided
in the middle.

It is not without hesitation that the author draws this remarkable
plant to Leptinella. Had the analysis revealed any appreciable
structural differences in the organization of the flowers from those
of the complex of the known species, our plant would as Traversia
have been raised to generic distinction. But to the mere habitual
disresemblance of this new member of the genus Leptinella can
hardly more value be attached than to the external dissimilarity of
Cotula australis to C. coronopifolia. From Myriogyne, a genus to
which Spheromorphea must be reduced, it differs already in the
want of the development of achenia of the bisexual flowers and in
their simple stigma. The genus Trineuron, to which Ceratella
might be joined, stands still more distant. Whether, however, it
would not be preferable to bring all Leptinelle to Cotula, to which‘
some species, indicated by C. Koch under Pleiogyne (Schlecht. &
Mohl, Bot. Zeitung, i. 40) offer a transit, must by a future careful
revision of all existing allied plants be decided.

The writer selected this plant, one of the most interesting of
those of the Chatham-Islands, for bearing the name of the Honorable
Dr. Featherstone, Government-Superintendent at Wellington, New
Zealand, as a mark of recognition of the favor shown by that able
officer in introducing some years since a number of living plants
from the Chatham-Islands into the Melbourne Botanic Garden.

It would be desirable to ascertain the duration of this species.

LEPTINELLA POTENTILLINA.

Stems creeping, soft-downy ; petioles towards the base membra-
nous-expanded and clasping; leaves pinnatisected, finely gland-
dotted, almost glabrous; segments of the leaves subovate, with
duplicate short teeth or minute toothed lobules; peduncles axillary,
many times longer than the capitula, soft-downy; capitula with
very numerous sessile flowers ; scales of the involucre about thirty,
arranged in several rows, almost smooth; the outermost semilan-
ceolate, acute; the others semioval and cuneate-oval ; receptacle
hemispherical ; corolle of the female flowers almost semiovate,

29°

about half as long as the acheniwm; corolla of bisexual flowers
four-toothed, glandless; their anthers almost enclosed; fertile achenia
clavate-cylindrical, slightly glandulous.

On swampy places of Chatham-Island.

Stems rooting. Leaves in circumference obovate or elliptical,
generally 2-3" long, with a petiole of about 1" length ; segments
generally approximate or the lower ones somewhat remote, flat ; the
upper ones 3-5’” long, the others gradually smaller ; the marginal
incisions short and rather unequal ; the teeth acute. Peduncles 2-3"
long, solitary. Capitula strongly odorous. Scales of involucre 1-14”
long, except the outermost blunt. Receptacle closely dotted by the
rudimentary pedicels. Female flowers in many rows, somewhat
more numerous than the bisexual ones; the corolla of the former
’ about 3” long; their style almost entirely enclosed ; the minute
bilobed stigma exserted ; the achenia 4-2?” long. Corolla of the
bisexual flowers nearly 1” long, obconic-cylindrical, glabrous ; their
style undivided and almost or entirely enclosed ; anthers about }’”
long, acute at the apex, not caudate at the base; the achenia 4’”
or less long.

Leptinella scariosa (Cassini, Bullet. Philomat. 1822, 127; L.
aceenoides, Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. 325) is distin-
guished by the paucity and orbicular form of the involucre-scales,
by the almost uniseriate female flowers and the different shape of
their corolla. : F

Leptinella lanata (J. Hook. Flor. Antartic, i, 26, t. 19) differs
in its woolly indument, in its much smaller leaves with two- or few-
toothed segments, in shorter densely woolly peduncles, gland-dotted
corollse, of which the peripherical ones are longer than their achenium
and of an ovate-cylindrical form.

Leptinella plumosa (J. Hook. Fl. Antartic. i. 26, t. 20) recedes
in a more copious almost silvery indument, often larger leaves, the
segments of the latter deeper dissected and their secondary lobes
slit into more narrow and acute teeth, in less numerous though not
uniseriate involucre-scales, in female corolle about twice as long
as broad and rather longer than the achenium and in five-toothed
bisexual flowers.

Leptinella propinqua (J. Hook. 1. ¢. i, 27) approaching L. poten-
tillina nearest, is recognized by an again denser woolly indument,
more divided segments of the leaves with acuter lobes, less numerous
involucre-scales and gland-dotted corolla, and perhaps also by the
structure of flowers and fruits.

30

L. squalida (J. Hook. Fl Nov. Zeel. i 129) is known by its
silkiness, leaves lengthened into a narrow-oblong outline with re-
curved narrower segments, scapes longer than the leaves and pro-
bably also in some of its floral characters.

L. minor (J. Hook. 1. ¢.) recedes again in leaves with narrower
outlines and segments, in glandulous flowers, of which the outer ones
are pedicellate and in less numerous scales of the involucre.

L. dioica (J. Hook. 1. c.) differs in less deeply divided glandless
leaves, distinct male and female capitula.

L. pusilla (J. Hook. 1. c.) in smaller and narrower leaves with
sometimes entire lobes, an involucre of very few and therefore almost
uniseriate scales, and seemingly dicecious capitula with only about
6-8 male flowers.

L. Hookeri (L. multifida, L. intricata, L. longipes, J. Hook. in
Lond. Journ. of Bot. vi. 117-118) is recognized by its comparative
smoothness, by leaves with fewer scantily toothed segments, an
involucre with very few biseriate scales of roundish form, capitula
with fewer flowers, distinctly glandular female corolle, which in form
however approach to those of L. potentillina.

IL, filicula (J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. i. 194), an alpine species, differs

in smaller leaves with fewer scantily toothed segments, short pe-
duncles, glandular corolle, fewer and oval involucre scales,
- One species from the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand,
apparently not recorded in Dr. Hooker’s flora, and of which our
museum owes specimina to Mr. Travers senior and Dr, Haast, is
remarkable for the glandular and entirely black flowers, producing
a slender cylindrical distinctly toothed female corolla,

TARAXACUM OFFICINALE.

Weber in Wiggers’s Primitia Flore Holsatice, p. 56 (1780); Koch, Synops.
Flor. German. et Helvet. ii. 492; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel, i. 152; T.
dens leonis, Desfontain. Flor. Atlantic. ii. 228 (1800); Candolle, Prodr. vii.
145; J. Hook. Flor. Antarct. ii, 223, tab. cxii.; Leontodon Taraxacum,
L. Sp. Plant. 1122; Smith, Flor. Britan. 823; Smith, English Flora, iii.
350; Leontodon palustre, Lyons, Fascic. Plant. Cantabr. 48,

On open land of Chatham-Island.

This plant is also immigrated into Australia and Tasmania, where
it gradually spreads onward. Dr. Milligan collected it on Flinders-
Island and on other of the isles of Bass-Straits.) Dr. Haast has

brought this plant even from the glacier-regions of Middle-Island,
New Zealand.

31

SoNCHUS OLERACEUS.

Linn. Spec. 1116; Forst. Prodr. 282; R. Brown, Append. to Flinders’s Voy.

592; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 230; J. Hook. Fl. N. Zeel. i. 153;

8. asper, Fuchs, Histor. 674; J. Hook. Fl. Tasm. i. 227.

On Pitt-Island only, where it grows on the sides of cliffs at the
sea-coast.

Mr. Travers’s plant exhibits a very luxurious variety and has its
peduncles densely covered with closely appressed white wool. As
far as the material permits of judging the Chatham-plant is not
distinct from the Linnean species, but the fruit requires yet to be
compared,

LOBELIACEA.
LoBELIA ANCEPS.

Thunberg, Prodrom. Flor. Capens. p. 40; Rich. Voy. de l’Astrol. 227; Alph.
de Candolle in Cand. Prodr. vii. 375; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 158 ;

L, alata, Labill. Plant. Nov. Holl. Specim. i. 51, t. 72; R. Br. Prodr. 562 ;

Rem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 69; Endlich. Prodr. Flor. Insul. Norfolk,

50; L. cuneiformis, Labill. 1. c. 51, t. 73.

On swampy or damp rocky places of Chatham-Island.

The stems of this plant are occasionally quite prostrate and
radicant. The upper lobes of the corolla are linear, channelled,
-ascendent and outside purplish-brown ; the lower lobes oblong-
cuneate, horizontal, blunt, apiculate, with an outside prominent
purple costa; the faux at the lower lip is white; the tube inside
yellowish.

SOLANACEA.
SoLANUM AVICULARE.

Forster, Prodrom. 107; Forst. Plant. Escul. 12; Achill. Richard, Voyage de
l’Astrolabe, 193; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i.182; F. M. in Transact.
Victor. Inst. 68; 8. lacinatum, Aiton, Hort. Kew. first edit. i.247 ; Willd.
Spec. Plant. i. 1030; R. Brown, Prodrom. 445; Botan. Magaz. 349;
Botan. Cabin. 717 ; Rom. & Schult. Syst. Veget. iv. 578.

Common near edges of creeks of Chatham-Island.

The plant extends in Continental Australia from the eastern
boundary of the colony of South Australia to the southern part of
Queensland and is common is Tasmania. It is shrubby in age and
many feet high. The berries are yellow or orange-colored and usually
egg-shaped; they have proved poisonous to some animals when
taken in quantity. Dunal (conf. Cand. Prodr. xiii, Part i. 69) has
in following Nees of Esenbeck (Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i 343) united

32

with S. aviculare an allied still specifically quite different West-
Australian plant, S. fasciculatum (F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. i. 123),
In the colony of South Australia S. simile (F. M. in Transact. Phil.
Soe. Vict. i. 19) takes its place. §. vescum (F. M. in Transact. Vict.
Inst. 67 ; Plants of Vict. tab. lxii.) dubiously referred to 8. aviculare
- by Dr. Hooker (Flor. Tasm. i. 288) is amply distinct and has re-
cently been discovered also on the islands of Western Port. Whether
the Timor plant (conf. Decaisne, Herb. Timor, 42) described by Dunal
as 8. aviculare in Candolle’s Prodromus and previously introduced
into his elaborate Synopsis Solanorum, p. 9, as S. glaberrimum, is
identical with our southern species, requires to be further ascer-
tained and seems improbable.

Mr. Travers alludes in his journal to a dwarf New Zealand Night-
shade also found in the Chatham-group. This is unquestionably the
now cosmopolitan S. nigrum, immigrated there like into Australia,

MYOPORIN 2.
MyororuM LETUM.

Forst. Prodrom. 238; All. Cunn. in Annals of Nat. Hist. i. 461; Alph. de
Cand. in Cand. Prodr. xi. 709; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 204.

Common in the woods of Chatham-Island.

Though Mr. Travers’s specimina are destitute of flowers and
fruits, which were not obtainable at the time of his visit, there
seems no doubt that the Chatham-plant is referable to the New
Zealand species. The leaves are not quite so grossly dotted as
generally those of the New Zealand plant, but like these often
toothed far below the middle.

ASPERIFOLIA.
MyosorIDIUM NOBILE.
Hook. Bot. Magaz. t. 5137; ©ynoglossum nobile, J. Hook. in Lindl. Gardn.
Chronicle, 1858, p. 240.

Everywhere on the coast, but chiefly on sea-sand often moistened
by salt-water.

According to Mr, Travers the natives eat the root and use the
leaves for smoking. Pigs feed eagerly on the roots.

The following description is given chiefly from a brief essay on
the vegetation of the Chatham-Islands read during the session of
1858 before the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, when a living
flowering plant of this species was exhibited.

~

33

A perennial diffuse herb. Root thick, long, almost cylindrical.
Leaves crowded at the neck of the rhizome, sometimes fully 1’ long,
heart-shaped or the lowest sometimes renate, of a beautiful lustre,
longitudinally seven-nerved, plicate, conspicuously veined, above
dark-green and smooth, beneath paler and scantily strigulose, un-
dulate at the margin, blunt or emarginate at the apex, at the base
gradually tapering into the petiole, which is in its lower part chan-
nelled and ciliate and in its upper part almost cylindrical and but
slightly furrowed. Stem-leaves few, roundish or oval, short-petioled
or sessile. Flowers crowded in corymbose panicles, without scent.
Peduncles $" long or shorter. Calyx deeply five-cleft, not enlarged
in fructification, as well as the peduncles beset with short appressed
grey hair; its lobes orbicular-ovate, appressed, hardly longer than
‘1’. Corolla short salver-shaped, with exception of the beards of
the faux glabrous, five-lobed, at the junction of the lobes somewhat
folded ; the lobes roundish, quincuncial in bud, 14-23” broad, above
of dark- beneath of pale-blue ; the tube measuring hardly 1””, outside
livid, inside yellowish-green ; fornices glabrous, opposite to the lobes
of the calyx, measuring about 3’”, outside cyan-blue, emarginate and
pale at the apex, at the margin not distinctly papillate but finely
wrinkled; the faux between the fornices above the point of the inser-
tion of the stamens slightly bearded. Stamens 5, enclosed, opposite
to the lobes of the calyx. Anthers free, introrse, connivent, glabrous,
yellow, 4” long, two-celled, dorsifixed, oblong-ovate, emarginate at
the apex and base ; the cells bursting in their whole length. Pollen
pale-yellow, consisting of globular grains. Filaments about as long
as the anthers, glabrous, terete, inserted towards the summit of the
corolla-tube. Ovaries smooth, innate with their base to the very
narrow pale disk. Style cylindrical, about 3’” long or little longer,
as well as the stigma pale and glabrous. Stigma bilobed, its divi-
sions outward rounded. Carpidia about three times as long as the
calyx, almost cordate, dorsally compressed, rather acute, glabrous,
at the margin wing-like expanded and irregularly denticulated,
4-6” long, forming a tetragonous-hemispherical fruit, at their lateral
acute margins free, protruding at their base. Seeds pendent from
the summit of the cavity, oblique-ovate, turgid, smooth, about 3”
long. Receptacle tetragonous-conical, as long as the carpels, ter-
minated by the style. Cotyledons almost elliptical. Radicle very
short.

One of the most singular and beautiful of the few endemic plants
of the Chatham-Islands. Without flowers it resembles more a Funkia

E

34
than any coordinal species, and hence it may be that it passes under
the strangely inappropriate name Chatham-Islands Lily. It seems
to require absolutely a moist air, if not also a somewhat saline soil,
to be maintained in cultivation.

As a genus Myosotidium ranks near Cynoglossum, to which it
was simultaneously referred by Dr. Hooker and the author in his
final notes communicated to the Victorian Institute. But as long
as some allied plants are upheld in separate generic positions and
thus Linné’s original definition of Cynoglossum remains abandoned,
Myosotidium must be regarded, as the venerable Sir Will. Hooker
well suggests, as of generic importance, a position to which moreover
its strikingly peculiar habit gives it additional claims.

It seems that the leaves are attaining in the native locality still
much larger dimensions than those recorded on this occasion. So
ornamental a plant and one moreover not without its uses, might
advantageously be transplanted to other shores, and might especially
be naturalized on those of Australia and New Zealand.

PRIMULACEA.
SAMOLUS REPENS.

Persoon, Synops. Plantar. i. 171 (1805) ; S. litoralis, R. Brown, Prodrom. Fl.
Nov. Holl. 428 (1810); Loddig. Cabin. t. 435; Duby in Cand. Prodrom.
viii. 73; Nees in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i. 337; Schlechtend. Linnea, xx. 617 ;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 207; Flor. Tasm. i. 301; 8S. junceus, R. Br. lc.
429; 8. ambiguus, R. Br. 1. c. ; 8. campanuloides, R. Br. accord. to Rem.
& Schult. Syst. Veget. v. 2; Duby in Cand. Prodr. viii. 73 ; 8. parviflorus,
Nees in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i. 337; Campanula porosa, Thunb. in Linn.
fil. Suppl. Plant. 142; Prodr. Flor. Capens. 39; Sheffieldia repens, Forst.
Charact. Gen. p. 18, t.9; S.incana, Labill. Plant. Nov. Holl. Specim. i. 40,
t. 54; Lysimachia sedoides, Lehm. Index Sem. Hort. Hamburg.

Stems erect, ascendent or prostrate, generally rigid, often peren-
nial and woody towards the base, sometimes very tall; root-fibres
soon valid ; leaves somewhat fleshy, subulate- or lanceolate-linear or
lanceolate, those of the stem occasionally those of the root always
spatulate or obovate, the former sometimes reduced to minute linear-
semilanceolate or deltoid very distant bract-like scales or even totally
obliterated, not rarely as well as the stems and branches rough from
prominent dots; pedicels rather valid, at last from as long to twice
as long as the calyx, seldom longer; bracts lanceolate- and linear-
subulate, often conspicuous and leaf-like; flowers large ; teeth of the
flowering calyx semilanceolate or subulate-semilanceolate, longer

35

than its tube; corolla of firm consistence, half or more than half
exserted ; filaments adnate wp to the summit of the corolla-tube and
generally exceeding it in length ; anthers large, almost ovate, cus-
pidulate ; style and staminodia elongated ; capsule large, firm,
nearly ovate, about half emersed, deeply valvate, the lobes of the
calyx reaching to its summit or beyond it; valves slightly divergent
at the apex ; placenta conical, cuspidate ; seeds distinctly clathrate.

Near the sea, Chatham-Island. Found also in New Zealand, in
South Africa, South America and around the whole extratropical
coast of Australia and there also inland especially around brackish
lakes and lagoons or on saline flats and even occasionally in moun-
tain-districts (for instance on the cataracts of Mount Lofty).

The almost leafless varieties (S. junceus and 8. ambiguus) are as
yet only brought from 8. W. Australia but pass there clearly into
the normal form; nor has the analysis of their flowers or fruits
revealed the slightest difference from the typical_plant. Analogous
leafless varieties are produced under certain circumstances also by
Tetratheca ericifolia, one of these being T. subapbylla (Benth. Flor.
Austr. i. 182). §. campanuloides from South Africa is precisely in
stature and external form alike to certain robust varieties observable
in Australia, and shows also no differences in its floral or carpic
characters. .

One of the most variable of known plants, sometimes reduced to
small tufts, sometimes fully 3’ high. Stem-leaves sessile or occa-
sionally (particularly in the broad-leaved varieties) producing a
distinct petiole, sometimes extremely minute or even transformed
to scales, sometimes again to 13" long and to 3" broad. Flowers
terminating the branches as leafy or bracteate short or elongated
racemes with several flowers or as few-flowered corymbs or even
singly, or placed solitary axillary, the racemes not rarely constituting
panicles ; the flowers sometimes very remote. Pedicels only excep-
tionally more than 1" long, usually shorter. Calyx and corolla five-
lobed, rarely four- six- or seven-lobed. The latter cleft to half or
two-thirds its length into semiovate lobes, glabrous, attaining a length
of 5’”, but almost always in various degrees shorter, but never so
small as that of S. Valerandi. Staminodia as long as the stamens
or somewhat longer or occasionally shorter, sometimes only at the
apex free. Filaments in most cases extending considerably beyond
the tube of the corolla, to the whole length of which they are adnate,
Anthers 3-1” long, with a more or less conspicuous terminal slender
prolongation, introrse, with emarginate base. Style attaining a

36

length of 14”, but generally shorter. Capsule 13-3” long, often
conspicuously attenuated at the summit, with as many valves. as
divisions of the calyx, to which they are opposite. Seeds brown,
plane-convex or compressed, roundish or somewhat angular, 1-1”
long.

S subnudicaulis (St. Hilaire accord. to Compt..rend. Acad. Scient.
Paris, 1838, second sem. p. 98; Duby, lc. viii. 74) agrees as far as
the description permits of judging with 6. litoralis.

Sprengel (Syst. Veg. i. '703) refers Androsace spathulata (Cavanill.
Icon. v. 56, t. 484, f. 1; Samolus spathulatus, Duby in Cand. Prodr.
viii. 74) also to this species, though the enclosed stamens point rather
toS. Valerandi. Thunberg, according to Steudel (Nomenclat. Botanic.
ii. 509) gave to S. litoralis or 8S. campanuloides the name 8. porosus,
perhaps nowhere distinctly published.

Persoon’s name for the plant; S. repens (Synops. Plant. i. 171), in
strict’ justice to priority ought to take precedence of that usually
now adopted for the species, although it applies only to a variety;
but neither is the name §. litoralis strictly applicable, inasmuch as
the species occurs abundantly inland, and as the appellation was
intended by R. Brown merely for the more ordinary not the almost
leafless forms of the species. S. ebracteatus (Kunth in Humboldt &
Bonpl. Nov. Gen. et Spec. ii. 223, t.129 ; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg.
v.2; Duby, lc. viii. 74; Chapman, Flora of the Southern United
States, 282) requires a renewed elucidation ; its description accords
neither with 8. repens nor with 8. Valerandi, though more with the
former than with the latter; by the apparent want of staminodia it
cannot be distinguished, since we may observe them in Australian
specimina of S. repens occasionally also so short as not to extend
beyond the portion adnate to the corolla-tube. Hence the depressed-
globose capsule with inflexed valves and the enclosed stamens alone
seem to distinguish it and if so probably not specificially. The short
note on 8. caulescens (Willd. accord. to Roem. & Schult. 1c. v. 4)
agrees equally with S. Valerandi and S. repens. S. Americanus
(Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 703) can from its brief and insignificant de-
scription likewise not be recognized. It appears thus not improbable
that only two species of this genus exists, the Linnean one widely
dispersed over the globe, the other restricted to the southern hemi-
sphere, unless 8. ebracteatus should be referable to our plant.

The occasion seems appropriate for furnishing a new diagnosis
of the original species, although it has been found neither in New
Zealand nor the Chatham-Islands.

37

Samo.Lus VALERANDI.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 243; Willd. Spec. Plant. i. 927; Desfontaines, Flor. Atlant.
i. 183 ; R. Br. Prodr. 428; Smith, Prodr. Flor. Gree. i. 147; Smith, English
Flora, i. 324; Rem. & Schult. Syst. Vegetabil. v. 1; Duby in Cand. Prodr.
viii. 73; Torrey, Flora of New York, ii. 13; 8. aquaticus, Lam. Flor.
Frangais. 329; §. floribundus, Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl. Nov. Gen. and
Spec. il. 181; Reem. & Schult. 1. ¢. v. 3; Duby, 1. ¢. viii. 73; 8. latifolius,
Duby, 1. ¢. viii. 74.

Smooth ; stems erect, flaccid, herbaceous, seldom leafless ; root-
fibres tender; leaves membranous, lanceolate- or spatulate- or
orbicular-obovate, scarcely ever passing gradually into bracts; pe-
dicels capillary, several or many times longer than the calyx ; bracts
minute, linear- or lanceolate-subulate or lanceolate; flowers small ;
teeth of the calyx deltoid, soon shorter than the tube ; corolla tender ;
julaments surpassed in length by the corolla-tube, adnate to its
base, thence free; anthers minute, cordate, not cuspidate; style
and staminodia exceedingly short; capsule small, thin, globular,
slightly emersed, short-valved, the teeth of the calyx hardly reaching
to or beyond its summit; valves strongly recurved at the apex ;
placenta spherical ; seeds minute, almost smooth.

In Australia sparingly distributed from the Tambo and Snowy

River eastward through Gipps-Land and northward through New
South Wales and the southern parts of Queensland, occurring
generally along forest-rivulets in rich soil.
_. The plant attains here a height of 2’. Leaves reaching a length
of 2” exclusive of the petiole. Pedicels finally sometimes nearly 1”
long, but often shorter. Corolla §-14’” long, beyond the middle
five-cleft, bluntly lobed. Calyx at last about 1” long, concealing
almost the fruit. Filaments about as long as or little longer than
the anthers; the latter only 3-1” long. Style sometimes almost
obliterated. _ Capsule 1-14” Lorie:

S. latifolitis, according to a specimen gathered by Professor Phi-
lippi in Valdivia represents a variety with almost leafless stems and
rather longer style.

The South African specimina of our collection are rather more
robust than usual.

Dr. Dav. Dietrich (Synops. Plant. i. 715) draws as a synonym to
this species Sedum alsinifolium (Allioni, Flor. Pedemont, 1740, t.
22, fig. 2), a plant referred by Candolle (Prodr. i. 404) to Sedum

Cepza. '

38

MYRSINE.
Myrsine CHATHAMICA.
(Sect. Suttonia.)

Leaves obovate, toothless, pale-green on both pages, rather large,
flat, on very short petioles; calyx four-toothed, ciliolate ; pedicels
twice or thrice shorter than the spherical drupes.

Common in the woods of the Chatham-Islands,

Branchlets almost glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, 1-2" long,
immersed-dotted with roundish rufous glandular points, blunt ‘or
emarginate at the apex, finely net-veined, smooth, somewhat shining.
Pedicels 3-14’” long. Teeth of the deeply divided calyx about 3”
long, semiovate-deltoid. Fruits (sent separately) obscurely purplish,
one-seeded, of the size of large peas. Putamen faintly streaked.
Seeds measuring about 2’, Embryo and albumen normal.

The stature of the plant and the characters of its flowers remain
to be recorded.

From its New Zealand congeners it is readily recognized ; thus
Myrsine salicina differs already in the elongated form of its leaves
and the comparatively long-stalked ego-shaped' fruits; M. Urvillei
in undulated leaves of different color and smaller fruits ; M. diva-
ricata in the smallness of its leaves and depressed drupes ; M. num-
mularia (Suttonia nummularia, J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 173, pl.
xlyv.) also in the smallness of its leaves and smaller fruit.

Future investigations however must teach us, how far the adopted
distinctive characters may be relied on, and whether not alpine
localities and lowland-country will produce forms as different in the
species of this genus as in Hymenanthera.

CONVOLVULACEA.
CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM.

R., Brown, Prodr. 483; A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 200; J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. i. 183; Fl. Tasman. i. 276; Torrey, Flora of New York, ii. 97 ;
Mig. Flor. Indi Batav. ii. 624; Convolvulus sepium, Linné, Spec. 218.

Chatham-Island and Pitt-Island ; twining around shrubs.

The plant collected by Mr. Travers presents a transit from the
normal form to C. tuguriorum, which species Dr. Hooker (FL Nov.
Zeel. i, 183, t. 47; Convolvulus tuguriorum, Forst. Prodr. 74) upholds
chiefly on account of its fulvous seeds. Achilles Richard unhesi-
tatingly united the two plants (conf. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 200), and

39

his views were adopted by Choisy and by Raoul (Choix de; Plantes
de la Nouvelle Zdélande, p. 44). The author’s observations on rather
limited material tend to show that not only C. tuguriorum, but also
C. silvatica, C. Soldanella, C. Dahurica and even C. spithamea are
referable to C. sepium.

On the sandy beach of Gipps-Land the writer has observed the
transit from the trailing plant with fleshy renate leaves to the typical
form with hastate leaves and winding stems. New Zealand speci-
mina of C. Soldanella or reniformis, communicated by Mr. Travers
senior, have the ripe seeds black, smooth and about 3” long. If in
reality these plants are distinct their marks of differences consist in
others than those hitherto pointed out.

That C. sepium, when it adapts itself to sandy’ saline shores,
should assume a prostrate growth and fleshy leaves of a somewhat
altered form cannot be surprising, if we remember what an effect
litoral localities exercise on the characters of other plants. Koch
(Synops. Plant. Flor. German, et Helvet. ii. 568) inclines to refer C.
silvatica also to C. sepium, a view fully borne out by the ex-
amination of Rochel’s plant from the Banate in our collection. C.
acutifolia, sent by Prof. Philippi from Valdivia, belongs also to
C. sepium. C. Dahurica, according to a series of specimina, named
by Turczaninow, flows likewise together with C. sepium and in its
extreme forms links, as it seems, also to that widely diffused plant
the North American C. spithamea according to specimina of Dr.
Short’s and Dr, Sartwell’s collections. Toa certain extent analogous
forms are produced by Clematis aristata in Australia. Calystegia
affinis from Norfolk-Island is probably referable to C. marginata.
The latter species (conf. J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 184, t. 48) ranges
from the mountain-glens in the vicinity of Port Phillip through 8. E.
Australia to the southern parts of Queensland. Its capsules measure
hardly 3” and are spherical ; the seeds are brown-black, rough and
about 12” long. This species with many other Gipps-Land plants is
likely yet to be found in the phytologically little explored north-east
part of Tasmania. That some convolvulaceous plants are subject to
extreme variations, generally proportionate to their adaptability to
varied localities and climatic influences, is very evidently demon-
strated by Convolvulus erubescens. Of the changes, which the
external form of this plant in its almost universal range through
extratropical Australia undergoes, an estimation may be formed
when it is acknowledged, that the following plants have to be re-
joined with it: ©. angustissimus (R. Br. Prodr. 482), C. remotus

40

(R. Br, 1. c. 488), C. acaulis (Choisy in Cand. Prodr. ix. 406), C.
Preissii, C. Huegelii, ©. adscendens, C. subpinnatifidus (Vriese in
Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i, 346-347), C. crispifolius (F. M. in Linnzea,
xxy. 428).

GENTIANEZ.

GENTIANA SAXOSA.

Forst. in Svensk Kong]. Vetenskap’s Academien’s Handinger, 1777, p. 183, t.
5; G. Forst. Prodrom. 132 ; Linné fil. Suppl. 175; Freelich de Gentian.
23; Willd. Spec. Plant. i. 1273; G. Don, Gen. Syst. of Dichlam. Plant,
iv. 181; Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 202; Grisebach in Cand. Prodr. ix,
89; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel.i.178 ; G. montana, G. Forst. Florul. Insular,
Austr. Prodrom. 133 (1786); R. Brown, Prodrom. 450; Rich. 1. ¢. i. 203;
Grisebach, Gen. et Spec. Gentian. 236 & 362; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel.
i, 179; Fl. Tasm. i. 271; G. Diemensis, Griseb. Gent. 224; G. pleurogy-
noides, Gr. 1. c. 236; G. Patagonica, Gr. 1. c. 237 ; in Cand. Prodr. ix. 99;
J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. 328, t. 115; G. Grisebachii, J. Hook. in Hook.
Tcon. Plant. 636 ; G. bellidifolia, J. Hook. 1. c. 635; G. concinna, J. Hook.
Fl. Antarctic. 53, t. 35; G. cerina, J. Hook. 1. c. 54, t. 36; Pneumonanthe
saxosa, Schmidt in Rom. Archiv. i. p. 10; P. montana, Schm. l.c.

Leaves verging into a roundish ovate lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late form ; flowers 1, 2 or few terminating the stems or branches, or
several or many forming an umbellate or corymbose or paniculate
cyme, usually provided with conspicuous pedicels; calyx quite her-
baceous, half or more than half as long as the corolla, wingless, cleft
to three-fourths or half its length into equal semilanceolate or linear-
semilanceolate entire lobes; corolla whitish, nearly bell-shaped,
neither appendiculate nor bearded nor fringed, very deeply cleft

-into entire ovate- or more oblong- or lanceolate-cuneate lobes, near
its base furnished with glandular nectar-cavities ; filaments fringeless ;
anthers free, soon versatile; stigmata distinct, subsessile ; capsule
nearly cylindrical or ellipsoid-cylindrical, somewhat exserted, wing-
less, hardly stalked ; seeds globular-ovate or spherical, smooth, wing-
less.

On fern- or grass-land or peaty soil of Chatham-Island.

This plant abounds on the higher mountains of New Zealand
and Tasmania, but seems to be not common in the warmer low-lands.
It is exceedingly abundant on meadows of the Australian Alps at an
elevation of 4000-6000’, but rare on lower mountains or in lowland-
country, having only been found on Mount Macedon, at Port Fairy,
in the crater of Mount Gambier and in the Tattiara-country (on
Tilly’s Swamp). It occurs further in Auckland- and Campbell-
Islands and in antarctic America. It is the only Australian species

41

of this elegant and useful genus, and with exception of G. prostrata
also the only congener inhabiting the remote southern latitudes of
America as far as is known, since also G. Magellanica (Gaudich. in
Annal. des Science. Natur. v. 89) according to the description offered
seems to exhibit only one of the many forms of G. saxosa.

Root simple or branched, variable in size, never very thick,
frequently perennial or at least biennial, the withered stems of
previous years’ growth often visible on the flowering plant ; in low-
land localities the root perhaps annual, though seedlings flowering
the first year may deceptively appear as annual plants. Stems erect
or ascendent, from 1” to 2’ high, singly or several or very many
from the root, in the latter case the plant when richly in flower
assuming a most ornamental appearance. Leaves flat, smooth, her-
baceous or sometimes coriaceous, from 2” to 4” long, 1-8’” broad, of
equal color and somewhat shining on both pages, thinly 3—5-nerved,
the lateral nerves often partially obliterated ; radical leaves tapering
into a short or long petiole; the stem-leaves opposite, often sessile
and distant, not vaginate; the floral leaves similar to the stem-leaves,
but often smaller and occasionally alternate. Pedicels attaining
exceptionally a length of 3’, but usually in various degrees shorter.
Calyx 3-6” long, of nearly equal texture throughout; its lobes
acute or acuminate, not reflexed, unconnected beyond the tube by
any transparent membrane. Corolla quite smooth, membranous, per-
sistent, fragrant, 5-12’” long, generally to néarly three-fourths its
length 5-cleft, occasionally 4- 6- or 7-cleft, of a waxy white and
beautifully blue-veined, in some instances purplish- or pale-veined,
the veins darker inside ; its lobes acute or blunt; the tube yellowish.
Filaments white or purplish, about half as long as the corolla, seldom
shorter, one-nerved, linear, almost flat, attenuated at the apex and
adnate base. Anthers blackish-green, turning yellow or bluish, 3-1”
long; their cells narrow-ellipsoid, bursting on the inner side, un-
connected below the middle, Pollen yellow. Glands between the
lowest adnate portions of the stamens forming a slight cavity sur-
rounded by a descendent somewhat callous almost semicircular or
semiclliptic line. Stigmata blunt, divergent or slightly revolute,
almost semioval. Capsule subsessile, $-1” long, bursting towards
the summit. Seeds finally dark-brown, shining, 4-3” long.

The plant participates in the peculiar odor and bitterness of other

Gentians.
It is evident that the number of described Gentianz must be

largely reduced.
F

42

EPACRIDEA.
DRACOPHYLLUM SCOPARIUM.
J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i. 47, t. 33; Flor. Nov. Zeeland. i. 170.

Common in the woods of Chatham- and Pitt-Island ; found also
in New Zealand and Campbell-Island.

This plant attains, according to Mr, Travers’s notes, sometimes a
height of 40°. In Australia and Tasmania solely Richea pandani-
folia, Cystanthe procera, Monotoca elliptica (a genus embracing only
two or perhaps even only one genuine species) and exceptionally
Trochocarpa laurina and Epacris heteronema rival it in height. In
New Zealand possibly other Dracophylla may under favorable cir-
cumstances attain similar dimensions, as several are showing a
tendency to an arborescent growth.

Leaves of the young- plant attaining a length of nearly 1’ anda
width of almost 1"; these are very gradually attenuated and thus
resemble those of D, verticillatum ; as observed by Mr. Travers they
become shorter with the growth of the tree; the leaves of the
flowering branches inclusive of their clasping base 3-3" long. Spikes
containing not rarely as many as eight flowers. Pedicels often
glabrous. Clasping part of bracteze with exception of the margin
smooth. Sepals ovate- or narrow-lanceolate, about as long as the
corolla-tube, gradually pointed. Corolla 3-4’ long ; its lobes half
or nearly as long as the tube, deltoid, acuminate. Style 3-11” long.
Capsule measuring nearly 14”, globose, with depressed vertex.

The number of the species of this genus is evidently over-
estimated.

An undescribed species of Dracophyllum with the habit of Richea
scoparia, very distinct from D. verticillatum (D. montanum, R. Br.),
occurs amongst the many new plants discovered by Mons. Pancher
in New Caledonia and will be elucidated by Mons. Adolphe Bro-
gniart in his forthcoming work on the vegetation of that island with
other Epacridez as yet new to science.

CYATHODES ACEROSA.

R. Brown, Prodrom. Flor. Nov. Holland. 540; Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veget.
iv. 473; All. Cunn. in Annals of Nat. Hist. ii. 47 ; Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 776;
Cand. Prodr. vii. 741; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 163 ; C. Oxycedrus,
R. Br. 1. c. 540; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 164; Flor. Tasm. i. 246;
C. parvifolia, R. Br. 1. c. 540; J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 164; Flor. Tasm.
i. 246; C. divaricata, J. Hook. Fl. Tasm. i. 246, tab. 74 B; Epacris ar-
borea, Murray, Syst. Veget. 198; E. juniperina, Forst. Charact. Gener.

43

20, t. 10, fig. n.; Forst. Prodr. 71; Ardisia acerosa, Gert. de Fruct. et
Semin. ii. 78, t. 94, fig. 2; Leucopogon Forsteri, Ach. Rich. Voy. de
l Astrolabe, i. 216; Styphelia Oxycedrus, Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim.
i. 49, t. 69; Lissanthe acerosa, L. Oxycedrus, L. parvifolia, Spreng. Syst.
Veget. i. 660; L. divaricata, J. Hook. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. vi. 267.

Leaves scattered, spreading, distinctly petioled, subulate- or
lanceolate-linear, rarely oblong- or oval-lanceolate, mucronate, seldom
blunt, beneath pale grey and lined with 3-5 or more thin nerves,
above not distinctly streaked ; flowers solitary, on densely bracteate
pedicels ; sepals blunt, ciliolated, as long as the tube of the corolla
or sometimes considerably shorter ; lobes of the corolla ridged, as
well as the faux glabrous or sometimes slightly hairy; filaments
often almost entirely adnate; style very short; drupe depressed-
globose, red; pericarp thick ; putamen five-celled or occasionally
with fewer cells.

Varietas latifolia, J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 163.

Chatham-Island. Capt. Anderson.

The broad- and long-leaved variety appears to be known only
from Chatham-Island, from whence it was first brought by Dr.
Dieffenbach. It differs from all the forms of C. acerosa collected in
New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania in larger often not mucro-
nate or even quite blunt leaves, which attain a length of 1" and a
width of 2 or 3’” and are then 7-ll-nerved. The drupes are also
unusually large, measuring nearly 3" in diameter, The corolla of
the Chathamian plant is 13’” long, glabrous; its tube equalling in
length the sepals; the lobes are rather semilanceolate, whilst in
Tasmanian specimina they are often deltoid ; they are either glabrous
or slightly bearded by hardly perceptible downs. Anthers oval or
ellipsoid.

The examination of a rich series of plants of our collection has
led to the union of all the plants enumerated here under C. acerosa.
The variability of the leaves is equally great in Monotoca or still
greater; the length of the tube of the corolla affords no reliable
note of discrimination, as seen on forms of this species gathered on
the granite-rocks of Wilson’s Promontory ; the scantily hairy faux
and lobes, which generally characterize together with the longer
corolla-tube C. divaricata, are also of no avail for distinction, since the
short-flowered variety occurs at Wilson’s Promontory with equally
bearded corolla. Moreover Lissanthe montana (R. Br. Prodr. 540)
and Leucopogon Hookeri (Sond. in Linnea, xxvi. 248 ; J. Hook. Fl.
Tasm. i. 251, tab. 75 B; L. obtusatus, J. Hook. in Lond. Journ. vi.

4A

269) are also only varieties of one species with either glabrous or
bearded flowers. The leaves of C. acerosa are unusually large in
plants produced by the mild climate of Chatham-Island, and very
small in the alpine variety (C. parvifolia) ; the veins divergent from
the more exterior nerves of the leaves may also be seen in Australian
specimina whenever the leaves are widened towards the summit,
On a former occasion (conf. Frag. Phyt. Austr. iv. 105) attention
has been drawn to the fallibility of the characters on which the
diagnosis of Leucopogon juniperinus and L. Fraseri rest ; the latter
indeed seems merely an alpine state of the former with a more
densely bearded limb of the corolla ; but hitherto only this alpine
variety of L. juniperinus and not its taller normal form has been
known from New Zealand. Cyathodes abietina shows the degree
of pubescence of the corolla to be equally variable.

Cyathodes acerosa occurs in Tasmania as well on the coast as on
alpine summits. In Australia it seems exclusively litoral and ex-
tends not, as far as known, west of Phillip Island. At Sealer’s Cove
on granitic declivities occasionally washed by the spray of the sea
the plant rises exceptionally to a height of 20’ and yields then a
stem of 2’ thickness. When loaded with its carmin-réd or pale rose-
colored drupes it forms a most showy object in the surrounding
vegetation.

Nearest in affinity and appearance to C. acerosa are C. glauca
and C, abietina; the latter, which forms a shrub 1-2’ high on rocks
exposed to the sea on the south-coast of Tasmania, differs from the
large-leaved variety of C. acerosa in less patent more rigid leaves
with thicker nerves, of a pale-green but not glaucous color beneath ;
moreover the corolla is generally much larger and often densely
bearded, whilst the lobes show no distinctly elevated axis. C. glauca
is still more distinct by its leaves, which are crowded in intervals,
above perceptibly streaked, less distinctly petioled and of a different
nervature of numerous close and fine lines and less pale color beneath,
by its sessile flowers, usually evidently bearded corolla of larger size,
somewhat exserted filaments, longer anthers and style and often
8-10-celled fruits.

Cyathodes straminea and C, adscendens occur both on the western
mountains of Tasmania; the latter species is transferable to Leuco-
pogon, if the position of that genus can be vindicated.

Cyathodes empetrifolia (J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 164; Andros-
toma empetrifolia, J. Hook. Fl. Antarctic. p. 44, t. 830) produces not
rarely 3- or 4-flowered spikes,

y

45

Levcopocon RIcHEt.

R. Brown, Prodrom. Flor. Nov. Holl. 541; Rom. et Schult, Syst. Veg. iv.
475; Hook. Bot.-Mag. 3251; J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. i. 249; F. M. Fragm.
Phyt. Austr. iv. 123; L. polystachyus, Loddig. Cabin. t. 1436; L. apicu-
latus, Sm. in Rees’s Cyclop.; L. parviflorus, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1560 ;
Sond. in Lehm. Plant, Preiss. i. 305 ; Styphelia Richei, Labill. Nov. Holl.
Plant. Specim. i. 44, t. 60; Poiret, Encyclop. Méthod. vii. 433; S. parvi-
flora, Andr. Reposit. t. 287; 8. Gnidium, Vent. Malmais. t. 23.

On sandy ground near the sea abundant in Chatham-Island,
rare in Pitt-Island.

Mr. Travers found this Leucopogon in flower, and so far the
Chatham-plant accords precisely with the Australian species. The
fruit however still remains to be compared.

This is one of the few plants common to Australia and the
Chatham-group, yet not known as existing in New Zealand.

ez SCROPHULARIN 2.
Veronica ForstTERI.

V. salicifolia, Forst. Prodrom. 11; Vahl, Symbol. Botanic. iii.4; Vahl, Enum.
Plant. i. 67; Rem. et Shult. Syst. Veget. i. 103 ; Spreng. Syst. Veget. i.
74; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrol. i. 186; A. Cunn. in Annal. of Nat. Hist.
i. 457; Endl. Annalen des Wiener Museums, i. t.14; Lindl. Bot. Reg.
32, t.5; Benth. in Cand. Prodrom. x. 459 ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i.
191; V. elliptica, Forst. Prodr.n. 10; J. Hook. Fl, Ant.i.58; Lindl. &
Paxton, Flower Gard. iii. 101; V. decussata, Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew.
first edit. i. 20; Bot. Magaz. t. 242; Hombron & Jacquinot, Voy. au Péle
Sud, t. 9; V. macrocarpa, Vahl, Symbol. iii. 4; V. parviflora, Vahl, 1. c. ;
V. angustifolia, A. Rich. l.c. 187; V. ligustrifolia, Hook. Bot. Magaz.
3461; V. speciosa, Rich. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. 3461 & 4075 ; Paxton, Magaz.
of Bot. x. 247; Houtte, Flor. des Serres, 1.17; ii.197; V. diosmifolia,
Rich. Cunningh. in Bot. Mag. 3461; V. Lindleyana, Paxt. Magaz. xii:
247; Flor. des Serres, ii. 17; V. odora, J. Hook. Fl. Antarct. i. 62, t. 41;
V. stricta, Banks & Soland. in Cand. Prodrom. x. 459; V. myrtifolia,
Banks & Sol. l.c.; V. macroura, J. Hook. in Cand. Prodrom. x. 459; V.
Dieffenbachii, Benth.in Cand. Prodrom. x. 459; V. acutiflora, Benth. 1. c.;
V. Menziesii, Benth. l.c.; V. levis, Benth. 1.¢c.; V. buxifolia, Benth. 1.c. ;
V. Andersonii, Lindl. & Paxt. Flower Gard. ii. t. 38; Houtte, Flor. des
Serres, vii. 568; V.Fonkii, Phillipi in Linneza; Hebe Magellanica, Juss.
in Gmelin. Syst. Veget. p. 27.

Shrubby or arborescent, evergreen, erect ; leaves opposite, char-
taceous or coriaceous, glabrous or very finely ciliated, sessile or on
extremely short petioles, roundish or oval or broad- or narrow-

46

lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, generally entire, seldom minutely
and distantly serrulated, always one-nerved and very faintly veined ;
racemes densely many-flowered, less frequently few-flowered, axil-
lary or occasionally some terminal; peduncles generally short, seldom
wanting, mostly as well as the rachis pedicels and calyces subtle-
downy; pedicels about double as long as the calyx or variously shorter;
corolla bilabiate ; capsule ovate or orbicular-ovate, moderately or
slightly parallel to the septum compressed, by septical dehiscence
divisible into two carpels, often longer than the calyx; carpels
bursting at the summit and with a narrow slit along their internal
face ; placenta stalked ; seeds flat, fulvous, orbicular or broad-ovate,
smooth.

Varietas salicifolia.

Common in woods of Chatham-Island and around their edges,

This variety embraces those more luxuriant forms of V. Forsteri,
in which the leaves and racemes are elongated, and in which not
unfrequently the tube of the corollze considerably extends beyond
the calyx, whilst its lateral and upper lobes are oval or oblong and
stamens and style long-exserted. This variety is also frequent in
New Zealand, but seems as yet unknown from any other localities
except the Chonos-Archipelago, where it occurs according to Pro-
fessor Philippi’s collection.

Varietas elliptica.

Common on Pitt-Island, rare on Chatham-Island.

This variety comprises those forms of V. Forsteri, which are much
reduced in the length of their leaves and often simultaneously also
in the length of their racemes; the pedicels and tube of the corolla
are also often shorter than in the var. salicifolia and the lobes of the
corolla’ broader, whilst stamens and styles are generally less elon-
gated.

This variety inhabits not only New Zealand, but also Auckland-
and Campbell-Island, Fuegia and the Falkland-Islands.

From the rich collections of New Zealand plants, which the
phytological museum of Melbourne owes to Mr. Travers senior and
Dr. Haast, it appears that this variety is mainly restricted to rocky
and exposed coast-localities and alpine regions. Both varieties pass
under the native name “ Koromiko” at the Chatham-Islands,

After instituting extensive dissections the author has been in-
duced to unite all the plants enumerated on this occasion as forms
of one species, and it seems not improbable that also V. pubescens
(Banks & Soland. in Cand. Prodr. x. 460) and V. pimeloides (J. Hook.

AT

FI. Novy. Zeel. i. 195) belong to the array of forms, for which, to avoid
misunderstanding, the collective name V. Forsteri has been now
adopted. The forms'which it comprises, though in their extremes
habitually so dissimilar, are clearly linked together by an uninter-
rupted chain of graduations. Other plants either of wide distribu-
tion or accommodating themselves to very different conditions of
climate or soil are presenting if not analogous at least quite as
singular aberrations of forms as may be noticed in V. Forsteri; as
such we may instance Bursaria spinosa, Dodonzea viscosa, Tetratheca
ericifolia, Epilobium tetragonum, Vittadinia cuneifolia, Correa spe-
ciosa, Beyera viscosa, Convolvulus erubescens, Samolus repens. In
some of the glacier-forms of V. Forsteri the bracteoles are enlarged,
the capsules shortened or the calyces lengthened, and the inflore-
scence may become truly spicate or even capitate. In by no means
rare instances plants with the small leaves of V. elliptica produce
the long racemes of V. salicifolia. In culture the varieties are more
constant than usual; thus the handsome narrow-leaved form, so long
acknowledged as a species under the name V. parviflora, has under-
gone no change for a series of years in our garden. But the collec-
tions of dried plants received from New Zealand exhibit unequivocal
transits as well to V. salicifolia as to V. elliptica, What has been
effected in changing the color of the flowers of this plant by artificial
fecundation of its varieties may also to some extent be effected in
Kennedya monophylla.

URTICEA.
URTICA INCISA.

Poiret, Tableau Encyclopédique, Suppl. 223; Weddell in Archives du Mu-
séum d’Hist. Nat. Paris, ix. 81; J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. i. 343; U. lucifuga,
J. Hook. in Lond. Journ. of Bot. iv. 285; Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 225.

On the edges of bushy land of Chatham-Island.

The plant brought by Mr. Travers is broad-leaved and moncecious.
The narrow-leaved form occurs in New Zealand, Tasmania and
scantily in Australia felix; the broad-leaved variety is known from
the forest-country of East Gipps-Land and various parts of East
Australia as far north at least as the southern boundaries of Queens-
land.

The differences, if really specific, between this plant and the
protean U. dioica, which in our collections occurs from many distant
parts of the globe, have yet to be further traced.

48

The diagnostic circumscriptions of the other described Nettles of
this part of the globe (U. ferox, U. australis, U. Aucklandica) need
also a renewed revision. U. urens and U. dioica are now widely
disseminated through Australia.

In the forests of tropical East Australia occurs a probably dis-
tinct species of this genus,

PIPERACEA.
MacRoPirpER EXCELSUM.

Miquel, Systema Piperacear. 221; Piper excelsum, Forst. Prodr. 20; Vahl,
Enum. Plant. i. 3835; Kerner, Hort. Sempervir. 33; Rom. & Schult.
Syst. Veg. i. 313; All. Cunn. in Annal. of Nat. Hist. i. 210; J. Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 227. i
In woods of Chatham-Island not common.

Mr. Travers found the plant neither in flower nor fruit; but
there seems no doubt of its identity. The Chathamians bestow like
the New Zealanders on it the appellation “Kawa Kawa.” If, as
Dr. Hooker’s researches tend to prove, the same species extends to
Norfolk-Island, it is then evident that also Macropiper psittacorum
(Mig. Syst. Piper. 221; Piper psittacorum, Endl. Prodr. Flor. Insul.
Norfolk, 37) are referable to M. excelsum.

THYMELAA.
PIMELEA ARENARIA.

All. Cunningham in Botan. Magaz. 3270; Annals of Natur. Histor. i. 377 3d.
Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 221; Meisner in Cand. Prodrom. xiv. 517; P.
sericee var. Wikstroem in Actis Academ. Scient. Holmens. 1818, 282;
Passerina villosa, Thunberg, Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsaliens. xiii. 106; Gym-
nococea arenaria, C. A. Meyer, Index Sem. Hort. Petropol. 1845; Bulletin
Acad. St. Petersb. iv. 171; Annal. des Science. Naturell. trois. série, v. 378 ;
Endl. Gen. Plant. Suppl. iv. p. ii. 60; Walpers, Annal. Botan. System.
i. 586.

On rocky places of Chatham-Island, where it was also found by
Dr. Dieffenbach.

The capitula contain not unfrequently from 14-17 flowers.

Our collections afford not sufficient material for drawing anew
the real specific limit of the plant, of which the silver-silky P. are-
naria appears to represent merely a certain state. Had the oppor-
tunity been afforded by our collection of examining the fruits of all
hitherto described New Zealand species of this genus, and had their °
carpological characters proved identical, all the following plants

49

would probably have been united as varieties of one species, variable
according to soil, elevation of locality and other circumstances, as
multifarious transitory forms in the collections of Mr. Travers and
Dr. Haast at least to some extent appear to prove: Pimelea Gnidia,
Banks & Sol. accord. to Meisn. in Candolle Prodr, xiv. 517; P. pro-
strata, B. & 8. 1c; P. pilosa, Willd. Spec. Plant. i. 50; P. virgata,
Vahl, Enum. Plant. i. 306; P. Urvilleana, A. Richard, Voy. de ]’As-
trolabe, L 227; P. arenaria, All. Cunn. l.c.; P. Lyallii, J. Hook. FL
Nov. Zeel. i. 223 and the plants already reduced to those by Dr.
Hooker and Prof. Meisner.

As pointed out by All. Cunningham P. sericea bears a close
resemblance to P. arenaria; but scarcely less so to P. ammocharis
(F. M. in Hook. Kew Miscell. 1857, 24; and in Edinburgh New
Philos, Journ. 1863, 233). The latter however has diclinous flowers
and the leaves on both pages silky ; the former has stamens and style
more distinctly exserted, and both species have seemingly not the
succulent fruit ascribed to P. arenaria,

The number of described species of Pimelea is far in excess of
that limited by nature, and much has yet to be learned on their
distribution ; thus Pimelea axiflora, a species ascending from the
forest-valleys of the lowlands to the glacier-regions, has recently been
found in the southern parts of New South Wales and also in King’s
Island, a dependency of Tasmania, P. microcephala again has been
collected by Oldfield on the Murchison-River, to which locality many
plants of the Murray-desert are extending.

POLYGONEA.
PoLYGONUM MINUS.

Hudson, Flor. Anglic. first edit. 148 ; Smith, Engl. Flora, ii. 235; Koch,
Synops. Flor. German. ii. 712; Meisn. in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i. 623;
Meisn. in Cand. Prodrom. xiv. 111; J. Hook. Flor. Tasman. i. 306; P.
Persicarie var. Linn. Spec. Plant. i. 518; P. strictum, Allioni, Flor.
Pedemont. 2051, t. 68, f.2; Meisn. Monograph. Gen. Polygon. 74; in
Wallich. Plant. Asiat. Rarior. iii. 57; Wight, Icon. Plant. Ind. Orient. v.
tab. 1800; P. decipiens, R. Br. Prodrom. 420; P. prostratum, Ach. Rich.
Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 177; J. Hook. Flor. Noy, Zeel. i. 209.

In swampy places of Chatham-Island.

The plant gathered by Mr. Travers is in incipient inflorescence
and so far agrees with the definition of P. minus. The species is
widely distributed through extratropical Australia. Notes on the
range of several Australian species of this genus are contained in the

G

50

report on the botanical results of A. Gregory's expedition (conf.
Proceedings of the Linnean Soc. 1858, 149-152).

MUEHLENBECKIA AUSTRALIS.

Meisner, Gener. Plantar. Vascul. p. 316; Meisn. in Cand. Prodr. xiv. 146 ;
Coccoloba australis, Forst. Prodrom. 176; Polygonum australe, A. Rich.
Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 178; Endlich. Prodrom. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 42 ;
Endl. Iconograph. Gener, t. 87; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 210; P.
australe and P. appressum, All. Cunn. in Annal. of Natur. Histor. i. 455 ;
Raoul, Choix de Plantes de la Nouvell. Zélande, 43.

On edges of woods of Chatham-Island.

The plant presents the normal form. It is a tall climber; the
leaves are not rarely three-lobed and vary considerably in size.

The limits between M. australis, M. appressa, M. axillaris (M.
parvifolia, Meisn. in Linnea, 1853, 362) and M. complexa have to
be traced anew. In Australia felix M. appressa occurs always as a
lowlands plant, whilst M. axillaris is restricted to subalpine moun-
tains. It seems evident from plants collected in New Zealand by
Mr. Travers senior and Dr. Haast, that, M. complexa exhibits merely
a luxuriant state of M. axillaris.

In the Fragmenta Phytographize Australic (vol. iv. 181) it has
been pointed out why at least the Australian species of Muehlen-
beckia might well be transferred to Polygonum.

ORCHIDEA.
EARINA MUCRONATA.

Lindl. Bot. Regist. 1699 ; All. Cunn. in Hook. Companion to the Bot. Mag. ii.
377; Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 431; J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 239; Epiden-
drum autumnale, Forst. Prodrom. 319; Cymbidium autumnale, Swartz in
Nov. Act. Soc. Reg. Upsal. vi. 72; Willd. Spec. Plant. iv. 28; A. Rich.
Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 169.

Chatham-Island, on stems of fern-trees.
Mr. Travers’s plant is fruit-bearing. The capsules are about 3’
log, narrow-ellipsoid and strongly ribbed.

PrerRostyLis BANKSII.
R. Brown, accord. to All. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3172; All. Cunn. in Hook.
Compan. to the Bot. Mag. ii. 376; Lindl. Gener. et Species Orchid. 388 ;
J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 248.
On grassy places of Chatham-Island,
The plants of Mr, Travers’s collection are unusually dwarf, some
only of a finger’s length.

51

Varietas silvicultria.

Chatham-Island, in woods only.

The characters of this variety consist in broader and shorter
leaves, which are verging from broad-ovate into lanceolate, only
1-22" long, but 2-1" broad and acute but not acuminate, in propor-
tionately broader sepals, of which the inner are lanceolate and simply
acute, whilst the outer are hardly or little longer than these and
never so much protracted into a narrow. acumen as those of the
typical form of Pterostylis Banksii. The author however has been
tunable to detect any important structural differences between these
plants and has therefore not ventured to separate them as species,
although middle-forms are missing in the collection. New Zealand
specimens of P. Banksii prove that plant subject to considerable
changes in its external form.

CuILoGLottis TRAVERSII.
Caladenia bifolia, J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 247.

Leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, as well as the
scape bract and pedicel short- and glandular-downy ; sepals con-
spersed with glands; upper one broad-cymbiform, simply acute ;
lower ones linear-lanceolate, almost of equal form with the lateral
somewhat smaller sepals; labellum only along the mid-line and
below the middle glandular, sessile, obovate, blunt, not decidedly
appendiculate ; column near the almost lobeless summit somewhat
dilated.

Amongst ferns as well in Pitt-Island as in Chatham-Island.

Leaves 1-2" long. Scape measuring 3-5". Pedicel during an-
thesis about half exserted beyond the clasping bract. Upper sepal
and the two lower slightly longer than the lip; the latter about 4”
long ; its glands biseriate, not very large, increasing downward in
size.

The only New Zealand specimen, which the author had an op-
portunity of dissecting, and which was collected in the Province of
Canterbury, showed no differences in the organization of its flowers
from those of the Chatham-plant, but its leaves are broad-ovate.

Dr. Hooker (Flor. Tasm, ii. 23) alludes to the exclusive existence
of a Chiloglottis in Lord Auckland’s Group and Campbell-Island,
but not to the New Zealand plant, as a Caladenia doubtfully com-
bined with an Auckland species in his Flora Nov. Zeel.

Chiloglottis Gunnii (Lindl. Gen. et Spec. Orchid. 387 ; J. Hook.
Fl, Tasm. ii. 23, t. 108 B.) occurs on the mossy stems of fern-trees

52

in various localities of the colony of Victoria. The following diag-
nosis and description resulted from the examination of the living
plant.

Leaves ovate or oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, distinctly petioled ;
upper sepal ovate-cymbiform, acuminate, about twice as broad as
the lateral subfalcate-lanceolate sepals; labellum sessile, cordate-
ovate, only near the axis glandular-tuberculate ; apex of the
column bidentate.

Tuber globose-ovate or exactly ovate. Leaves 1-2” long, beneath
paler. Petioles generally from §—1" long, channelled. Peduncle 1”
long or longer, finally sometimes much lengthened, cylindrical.
Bracteole acuminate, about }” long. Sepals all green; the lower
from a broader base linear, long and gradually attenuated, channelled,
hardly however on the very summit terete, slightly longer than the
lip, about as long as and much narrower than the lateral sepals, almost
horizontal and lightly recurved at the apex ; upper sepal nearly 4’”
broad, sometimes faintly tinged with purple. Labellum hardly
longer than the column, towards the apex almost flat and some-
what purplish, towards the blunt greenish basis lightly inflexed ; its
two basal glands half-adnate, purple; the terminal gland sessile,
roundish heart-shaped ; the two next ones oblong; the rest on a short
or very short stipes, brown-purple. Column pale-green, spatulate,
slightly curved.

The differences, expressed by these notes from Mr. Archer’s
beautiful illustration of the Tasmanian plant, seem not of specific
value ; but the Victorian plant may as a variety perhaps be dis-
tinguished as viridiflora. Dr. Jos. Milligan found C. Gunnii on
St. Mary’s plains, the Hampshire hills, and on the alpine summit of
Ben Lomond ; it occurs also at Southport.

Chiloglottis diphylla ranges in Kast Australia as far north as
Moreton Bay.

It is not improbable that still other terrestrial Orchids will be
found existing in the Chatham-group.

53

TRIDEA.
LIBERTIA IXIOIDES.

Sprengel, Syst. Veg. i. 168 ; Reichenbach, Iconograph. Botan. Exotic. t. 157;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 252; L. grandiflora, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 498 ;
Sisyrinchium ixioides, Forst. Prodrom. 325; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astro-
labe, i. 161; Ferraria ixioides, Willd. Spec. Plant. iii. 582; Morea
ixioides, Thumb. Dissert. de Morea, p. 8; Renealmia grandiflora, R. Br.
Prodrom. Flor. Nov. Holl. 592; Sweet, Flower-Gard. t. 64; Loddig. Cabin.
t. 993 ; Nematostigma ixioides, Alb. Dietr. Syst. Willd. 228; Dav. Dietr.
Synops. Plant. i. 150. -

Chatham-Islands, on open places amongst grass.

The scape is sometimes reduced to extreme shortness and thus
long surpassed in length by the leaves.

The geographical distribution of the species of this genus is
interesting. LL. ixioides occurs widely dispersed in New Zealand
and as remarked in Chatham-Island, L. micrantha seems restricted
to New Zealand. L. paniculata verges northward in Australia to
Mount Lindsay of Queensland, where it was collected by Mr. Walt.
Hill, and southward to the entrance of the Snowy River in Gipps-
Land, and may hence be sought for in the N. E. extremity of Tas-
mania. LL. pulchella is known only from the vicinity of Port Jackson,
and specimina kindly communicated by Mr. W. Woolls, the assiduous
examiner of the vegetation around Parramatta, show this species to
produce black seeds, whilst those of the five other Australian and
New Zealandian species are brown. L. Lawrencii is not unfrequent
in the humid especially higher forest-regions of Tasmania, but in
the Australian Continent only found on the summit of Mount Juliet,
and on springy subalpine localities at’ the remotest sources of the
Yarra and La Trobe-River and their tributaries, usually consociated
with Oxalis Magellanica. L. azurea (LL. stricta, L. laxa, L. graminea,
Endl. in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. ii. 82; Orthrosanthus multiflorus,
Sweet, Flor. Austral. 11, t. 11; Loddig. Cabinet, 1474; Paxton
Magaz. xi. 245; Wuerthia elegans, Regel, Garten-Flora, ii. 46) extends
in the vicinity of the coast-line from Cape Nelson of Portland Bay
to West Australia, being gathered in very many intermediate spots
of the mainland and also on Kangaroo-Island. The latter plant is
remarkable for the want of pedicels, the flowers being sessile and
clustered within the bracts and bracteoles. Its beautiful blue color
distinguishes it also from all congeners except the Chilian L. coeru-
lescens (Kunth in Linnea, xix. 382). L. formosa (Graham in Lindl.

5A

Bot. Registr: 1630, Hook. Botan. Magaz. 3294) of Chiloe seems the
only other species known but those mentioned on this occasion,

LILIACEA.
PHORMIUM TENAX.

J. R. and G. Forster, Charact. Gen. 24; Linn. fil. Suppl. Plant. 204; Cook’s
Voyage, ii. 96, with Illustr. ; Mill. Fascic. tab. 1; Thunberg, Nov. Plant.
Gener. p. 94; Redouté, Liliac. t. 448 & 449; Desvaux, Journ. iv. tab.
17 &18; Thouin in Annal. du Mus. Paris, ii. 224 & 474; St. Fond in
Annal, du Mus. xix. 40, t. 20; Thibaud in Annal. Soc. Linn. Paris, iv. 57,
t. 7; Diction. Scienc. Natur. t. 51; Herbier Amat. t. 120; Kerner, Gen.
t. 116 & 117; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 153; Bot. Magaz. 3199 ;
Endl. Prodrom. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 27; Kunth, Enumer. Plant. iv. 275;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 156; P. Cookianum, Le Jolis, Mém. sur. le
Lin de la Nouv. Zél.; Chalmydea tenacissima, Banks & Soland. in Gertn.
de Fruct. & Semin. i.71, t. 18; Lachenalia ramosa, Lamark, Encyclop. iii.
373. ‘

Recorded by Dr. Dieffenbach and all subsequent visitors as in-
digenous to the Chatham-group,

AstTELIA BANKSII.

All. Cunn. in Hook. Compan. to the Bot. Magaz. ii. 374 ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov.
Zeel. i. 260; A. Richardi, Endlich. accord. to Kunth Enumer. iii. 365 ;
Hamelinia veratroides, A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 158, t. 24.

On open places of Chatham-Island, not common.

Mr. Travers’s collection contains the female plant in fruit.

Steudel unites with our plant (Synops. Plantar. Glumac. ii. 312)
an allied but evidently distinct plant of the Sandwich-Islands, A.
veratroides, Gaudich. in Freycen. Voy. de Uranie 420, t. 31.

SMILACEA.
RHIPOGONUM SCANDENS.

Forst. Charact. Gener. 50, t. 25; Edit. German. Kerner. 51, t. 25; Lamark,
Enclyclop. t. 254; A.Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 151; J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. i. 253; R. parviflorum, R. Br. Prodr. 293; Kunth, Enum. PI.
v. 271; Smilax Rhipogonum, Forst. Prodrom. 372.

Common in woods of Chatham-Island. “Hartwhan” of the
natives ; “ Supplejack” of the New Zealand colonist.

Of this genus three other species are known, all East-Australian,
the R. dubium (Endl, Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 80) being a Clematis.

55

R, album (R. Br. Prodr. 293) extends from East Gipps-Land to
the tropic of Capricorn through the forest of East Australia, Two
other species or perhaps varieties are likewise found in subtropical
East Australia, which need further examination on the spot for the
purpose of ascertaining their relative position to R. album. (Conf.
F. M. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. i. 44.)

PALMA.
ARECA SAPIDA.

Solander in G. Forst. Plant. Esculent. Insul. Ocean. Austr. Comment. Botan.
66; G. Forst, Prodrom. 592; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 262, t.59; A.
Banksii, Martius, Gen. et Spec. Palmar. 172.

Common on Pitt-Island, but rare on Chatham-Island.

The fruit responds to the description of the New Zealand palm.
The rachis of the leaves is tomentose.

Dr. Hooker justly observes, that A. sapida presents the most
southern member of the noble order of Palms. In East Gipps-Land
the species second in its extent to the south occurs, Livistona Aus-
tralis; and more, there at a latitude of 37° 30’ S, this majestic palm
raises itself still to a height of fully 80’.

JUNCEA.
LuzuLa CAMPESTRIS.

Candolle et Lamark, Flore Frangaise, iii. 161; R. Brown, Prodrom. 591;
Bicheno in Transact. Linn. Soc. xii. 334, t. 9, fig 4; E. Meyer, Synops.
Luzular. 17; Harpe, Essai d’une Monogr. des Joncées, 88; Spach, Suites
& Buffon, t. 118; Kunth, Enumer. iii. 307; E. Meyer in Lehm. Plant.
Preiss. ii. 48; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 264; Fl. Tasm. ii. 68 ; Steud.
Glumace. ii. 293 ; Benth. Handbook of the Brit. Flora, 541; L. picta, Ach.
Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 147 ; L. Banksiana, E. Meyer in Linnza, xx.
412; L. crinita, J. Hook. Flor. Antarct. 85, t. 48; L. Oldfieldii, J, Hook.
Flor. Tasm. ii. 68; Juncus campestris, Linn. Spec. Plant. 468 ; Luciola
campestris, Smith, English Flora, ii. 181.

Chatham-Island on open places.

The species is widely diffused through temperate Australia, but
has not yet been found in our tropical or even subtropical regions,
All the plants of the genus contained in our extensive Australian
collection are referable to L. campestris, and to this species a host
of plants appearing under various specific names in the works on
the plants of different countries and resting on unreliable characters
are to be restored,

56

Sir James Smith in lucidly discussing the derivation of the word
Luzula gives good reasons for suppressing it in favor of the more
classical word Luciola.

A new circumscription of the limited number of genuine species
of this genus, carried out with the aid of material such as the prin-
cipal state-herbaria of Europe afford, appears highly recommendable.

JUNCUS PLANIFOLIUS.

R. Brown, Prodrom. Flor. Nov. Holl. 259; E. Meyer, Synops. Juncor. 36, and
in Linnea, iji. 370, & xxvi. 244; Harpe in Mémoir. de la Soc. d’Hist,
Paris, ii.55; Kunth, Enum. Plant. ii. 344; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic,
858 & 545; Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 263; Fl. Tasm. ii. 64; Steud. Synops. Plant.
Glum. ii. 304.

Pitt-Island.

CYPEROIDE.
HELEOcHARIS PALUSTRIS.

R. Brown, Prodrom. p. 80; H. acuta, R. Br. 1.c.; H. gracilis, R. Br. 1. oc. ;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 270; Flor. Tasman. ii. 85; H. multicaulis,
Smith, English Flora, i. 64; H. uniglumis, Schultes, Mantissa Syst.
Veget. ii. 83; H. mucronulata, Nees in Jard. Annal. and Magaz. of
Natur. History, vi. 46; Scirpus palustris, Linn. Spec. Plant. 70; S. mul-
ticaulis, Smith, Flor. Britan. 48; 8S. uniglumis, Link, Jahrbuech. der
Gewaechskunde, iti. 77.

Swampy places of Chatham-Island.

A plant as variable as might be anticipated from its wide distri-
bution, its common occurrence, and the variety of ground it- occupies,
imitating in the southern hemisphere habitually all the forms of the
northern. The stem varies from a few inches to three feet high,
also much in thickness and the strength of its strie. The root is
sometimes long-creeping, sometimes scarcely emitting any suckers.
The spike is also very variable in length, form and color; the scales
are blunt or acute; the hypogynous setz vary from 4-8 in number
and may be occasionally more elongated or much reduced in length.
The caryopsis alters in form, color and size, and so the persistent
portion of the style.

The circumstance, that this plant in the northern hemisphere
very prevailingly produces a bifid style, whilst in the southern
hemisphere it occurs very predominantly with a trifid style, has been
the cause of assigning to our plant specific rank. But in-Arnhem’s
Land and on the Wimmera the author observed the bifid or trifid
style promiscuously occurring in flowers of the same spike ; and as

57

moreover from the material examined on this occasion it does not
appear that H. multicaulis can be maintained as specifically distinct,
we may consider that plant the tristigmatous representative of H.
palustris in the northern countries. The caryopsis of H. multicaulis
is often strongly triangular, as would generally be the case from the
development of three stigmata; but this character, on which this
supposed species mainly rests, appears to be one of degree. Indeed
its validity has been questioned by many meritorious observers. In
the Dukedom of Schleswig the author had repeated opportunities
of proving the characters derived from the bifid or trifid style of
Scirpus glaucus and S. lacustris to be fallible, and to trace the tran-
sitions between these two rushes. Heleocharis palustris, notwith-
standing its producing in E. Australia almost invariably a trifid style,
shows singularly enough usually the normal pyriform- or obovate-
lenticular caryopsis of H. palustris, but not the triangular form of
that of H. multicaulis, but the two edges of the fruit may be more
or less obtuse or acute. To collect the scattered synonymy and the
quotations of the literature referring to this almost cosmopolitan
plant, would occupy pages and is beyond the scope of this publication.
H. acuta, though not admitted into Dr. Hooker’s Tasmanian Flora,
will not likely prove different from our plant, as no allied plant has
been refound in Tasmania, to which the very brief phrase furnished
in R. Brown’s Prodromus could be applied.

DEMOSCHGNUS SPIRALIS.

J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 272; Isolepis spiralis, Ach. Richard, Voy. de
lAstrolabe, 105, t. 19; Anthophyllum Urvillei, Steudel, Synops. Plantar.
Glumacear. ii. 160.

Sandy places on the sea-shore of Chatham-Island.

The fruit-clasping scales are almost orbicular with truncate base.
The flat linear filaments are placed closely together on the convex
side of the caryopsis ; the latter is exactly plane-convex.

Dr. Steudel by some oversight attributes to this plant a bifid
style and one-flowered spikelets.

CAREX PANICULATA.

Linn. Spec. Plant. 1383; Benth. Handbook of the Brit. Flor. 559; C. para-
doxa, Willd. Act. Academ. Berolin. 1794, 39, t. 1, fig. 1; C. teretiuscula,
Goodenough in Transact. Linn. Soc. ii. 163, t. 19, fig. 3; Boott in Jos.
Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 221; C. appressa, R. Brown, Prodr. 242; Kunze,
Supplem. zu Schkuhr’s Riedgresern, tab. 11; J. Hook, Flor. Antarctic. i.

H

58

91; Nees in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. ii. 94; Raoul, Choix de Plant. de la

Nouv. Zél. 40; Boott in J. Hook. Flor. Tasman. ii. 99; C. collata, Boott

accord. to quotation in J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 282; C. virgata, Banks

& Soland. accord. to Boott in J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 282; Illustr. of

the Genus Carex, 46, t. 121 & 122; C. secta, Boott in J. Hook. Fl. Nov.

Zeel. i. 281; Illustr. of the Gen. Carex, i. 47, t. 123 & 124; Vignea panicu-

lata, V. paradoxa, V. teretiuscula, Reichenbach, Flor. German. Excursor,

409-410.

Open damp places of Chatham-Island.

The author has failed to discover any reliable characteristics by
which the small forms of the Australian C. appressa could be safely
distinguished from certain states of C. paniculata. Indeed Dr. Boott
identified one of the varieties occurring in New Zealand with C.
teretiuscula, which again, as Mr. Bentham justly remarks, is not
specifically distinguishable from C. paniculata. Dr. Hooker whilst
publishing his Antarctic Flora acknowledged C. appressa as a native
of New Zealand, where it assumes under peculiar climatical and
perhaps geological conditions some singularly aberrant forms. There
also and in Australia, where C. paniculata is not subjected to the
frigor of a lengthened winter, it luxuriates in uninterrupted growth,
and this must be assigned as the main cause of the vigor of the
vegetation shown by this species in our mild southern latitudes,
when not rarely it is producing panicles of fully two feet length
and leaves and stems proportionally long. Such luxurious states of
the plant are those brought from Chatham-Island by Mr. Travers.
But in Australia the species is occasionally met with quite as small
as in Europe.

Carex Forstert.

Wahlenberg in Act. Acad. Holmens. 1803, 154; Willdenow, Spec. Plant. iv.
249; Schkuhr, Botan. Handbuch, Caric. ii. 44; Boott in J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. ii. 285 ; Steudel, Synops. Glumac. ii. 206; Boott, Illustr. of the
Genus Carex, 1.52, t. 187; ©. debilis, Forst. Prodr. 550; C. recurva,
Schkubr, Handbuch, Caric. 120, t. Z. N. N. fig. 84; C. punctulata, A.
Richard, Voy. de l’Astrolabe, 119, t. 22.

On damp open or bushy places of Chatham-Island.

The leaves are attaining 4” width, The number of spikes is
sometimes increased to 10, of which then 5 are absolutely stamini-
ferous ; the female spikes are occasionally lengthened to 4". Arista
of bracteoles not rarely of considerable length. Fruit attaining a
breadth of 1’” and then verging into a roundish form.

Forster’s name for this plant would receive precedence were it
not singularly inapplicable to this robust species.

59

GRAMINEA,
Frstuca LIToRALIs.

Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. i. 22, t. 27; R. Brown, Prodrom. i. 178;
Poiret, Encyclop. Suppl. ii. 689; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrol. i. 123;
Kunth, Enum. Plant. i. 409; ii. 340; D. Dietr, Synops. Plant. i. 379;
J. Hook. Fl. Tasm. i. 128; F. scoparia, J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i. 99;
Fl. Nov. Zeel. i. 308 ; Schedonorus litoralis, Beauvois, Essai d’une Nouvelle
Agrostographie, 99; Room. et Schult. Syst. Veget. ii. 707; J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. i. 310; Triodia Billardierii, Sprengel, Syst. Veget. i. 330;
Arundo triodioides, Trinius, Spec. Gramin. iii. t. 351; Steudel, Synops.
Glumac. i. 194,

On moist places of Chatham-Island.

In Australia this plant is restricted to the sandy coast, where it
is very abundant along a great extent of the extratropical shores
northward at least as far as Moreton Bay. By its creeping root it
aids in the retention of the sand.

The plant of Mr. Travers’s collection has the glumelle long-
bearded towards the base and toothless at the apex; nor is the
character of the tridenticulated glumella always apparent in the
Australian plant.

This species mediates, as already indicated by R. Brown, the
transit to Triodia, and at least some species of this genus are in-
separable from Festuca; for instance, Festuca irritans (Trioflia irri-
tans, R. Br. Prodr. 182), the Porcupine-Grass of the colonists and
the Spinifex of many of the Australian explorers, a plant widely
dispersed through the extratropical sandy desert, reaching to near
the shores at St. Vincent’s and Spencer’s Gulf; this species has the
lower glumella terminated by three but exceedingly short teeth, of
which the middle one is almost obliterated.

Festuca viscida (Triodia pungens, R. Br. Prodr. 182 non Beauv. ;
T. viscida, Rem. et Schult. Syst. Vegetah. ii. 599) is of common
occurrence on the sandstone tablelands of North Australia, and ex-
tends to the islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria. This species has
the lower glumella much deeper toothed than that of the preceding
congener, to small forms of which it is similar in external appearance ;
the teeth being from one-third to one-sixth of the length of the
glumella and acute. TT. procera (R. Br. Prodr. 182) seems a variety
of F. viscida according to the diagnosis, to which some specimina
from the rocky desert-hills at the sources of the Victoria-River suffi-
ciently respond. The length of the glumella and the degree of its
pubescence are variable,

60

F. microstachya (Triodia microstachya, R. Br. Prod. 182) may
notwithstanding its peculiar inflorescence and the extreme shortness
of the teeth of the glumelle prove merely a variety of F. viscida.
It also occurs towards the sources of the Victoria-River.

Triodia Kerguelensis (J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. ii, 379, tab. 138)
and T. antarctica (J. Hook. 1. ¢. 380) are like the above-mentioned
Triodiz referable to Festuca, and for these the appellations F. Ker-
guelensis and IF. antipoda may be adopted.

Aarostis SoLANDRI.

A. Billardierii et A. emula, R. Br. Prodr.171 &172; J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. ii.
115; A. avenacea, Gmel. Syst. Natur. i.171; A. debilis, Poir. Encycl. i.
249; A. retrofracta, Willd. Enum. Plant. Hort. Berol. 94; A. Forsteri,
Rem. & Schult. Syst. Veget. ii. 359; A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 131;
A. pilosa, A. Rich. 1. c. 132, t. 23; Avena filiformis, Forst. Prodrom. 46;
Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. i. 24, t.31; Deyeuxia Billardierii, Kunth,
Révision des Gramin. i.77; Schlechtend. Linnea, xx. 564; J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. i. 298; D. Forsteri, Kunth, Révis. i. 77; J. Hook. Flor. Nov.
Zeel, i. 298; D. emula, Kunth, Révis.i.77; Schlechten. Linnea, xx. 565 ;
D. retrofracta, Kunth, Révis. i. 77; Lachnagrostis Forsteri et L. Billar-
dierii, Trinius de Gramin. Uniflor. 217; L. filiformis, Trin. Fundam. Agro-
stograph. 128; L. Willdenowii, Trin. de Gram. Uniflor. 217; L. retro-
fracta, Trin. Fund. 128; L. Preissii, Nees in Lehm. Plant. Preiss. i. 97 ;
Calamagrostis emula et CO. Willdenowii, Steudel, Glumac. i. 192.

On moist ground of Chatham-Island.

In Australia widely dispersed through the extratropical tracts.

The adoption of a new specific name for this grass needs hardly
an explanation. R. Brown expressively excluded from A. Billardierii
Forster’s plant, and like all subsequent authors did neither this
illustrious observer recognize in Australia its true limits, which even
now in the given synonymy are but imperfectly circumscribed.
Gmelin’s and Poiret’s names are apt to impress a wrong notion of
the plant. Under such circumstances it was deemed advisable to
bestow on this grass the name of the distinguished companion of Sir
Jos. Banks, who not only was the first discoverer of this species, but
who also at once recognized its true generic position, although he
again adopted for it more than one specific appellation.

The habit and leaves of this grass are almost as vacillate as
those of Poa Australis or Danthonia penicillata. The penicillar
rudiment of a second flower is very variable in length and often
especially in small-flowered individuals reduced to a minute beard.

61

Hoxcus LANATus.
Linné, Spec. Plant. 1485 ; Smith, Engl. Flora, i. 108.
Open places of Chatham-Island.
Evidently introduced there like into many parts of Australia,

ARUNDO CONSPICUA.

Forster, Prodrom. 48, accord. to J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i: 299 3 A. aus-
tralis, Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 121; A. Cunn. in Hook. Compan. to
the Bot. Mag. ii. 371; A. Kakao, Steud. Synops. Glumac. i. 194.

Open damp places of Chatham-Island, where it is called “Toi
Toi” by the natives.

The spikelets produce sometimes a fourth flower, which then is
imperfect. The subulate teeth at the apex of the glumella are variable
in length.

It needs further investigation for ascertaining whether any of the
following plants are referable to A. conspicua: A. australis, Cavan.
in Annal. de Cienc. accord. to Reem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. ii. 511; A.
Egmontiana, Reem. & Schult. 1.c.; Calamagrostis conspicua, Gmelin,
Syst. Nat. i172; Agrostis conspictia, Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. ii.
364; Achnatherum conspicuum, Beauv. Essai, 20 ; Gynerium Zee-
landicum, Steud. Glumac. i. 198.

The restriction of this Reed to New Zealand and the small ad-
jacent islands is a curious fact in phytogeography, when contrasted
with the wide distribution of A. Phragmites over the globe. The
latter plant is also a native of New Zealand, according to a specimen
brought by Dr. Haast from the Grey-River.

AIRA CAISPITOSA.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 96; Smith, English Flora, i. 103; Koch, Synops. Flor.
German. et Helvet. ii. 914; Steud. Glumae. i. 218; A. Kingii, J. Hook.
Flor. Antarctic. 376, t. 185 ; Deschampsia cespitosa, Beauv. Essai d’une
Nouv. Agrostographie, 91, t. 18, £3; Kunth, Enum. i, 286 et Suppl. 241 ;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 301; Fl. Tasm. ii. 118.

On moist ground of Chatham-Island.

Found also in various parts of New Zealand, for instance in the
Province of Canterbury, in Tasmania, and in Australia from the
Tattiara-country to Gipps-Land, ascending to the higher parts of
the Australian Alps.

The spikelets of the Chatham-plant are rather larger than those
of the ordinary European state of this grass ; but somewhat smaller

62

than those of the antarctic South American plant. Their pedicellar
rudiment of a third flower is strongly developed, whilst in some
specimina collected in Australia and New Zealand it bears glumelle,
rendering thus the spikelet truly triflorous.

LYCOPODINEZ.
LycoPpoDIUM VOLUBILE.

Forst. Prodrom. 482; Swartz, Synops. Filic. 180 & 404; Hook. et Greville,
Icon. Filic t. 170; Spring, Mémoir. Acad. Bruxell. xv. 105; J. Hook,
Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 55.

Common on Chatham-Island.

LycoPpoDIUM DENSUM.

Labillard. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 104, t. 251, fig: 1; Willd. Spec. Plant.
v. 22; R. Brown, Prodrom. 165; Spring, Mémoir. Acad. Bruxell. xv. 87;
J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 53; Flor. Tasm. ii. 156.

Found in Chatham-Island by Dr. Dieffenbach,

Lycopopium SELAGO.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 1565 ; J. Hook. Flor. Antarct. ii. 394; Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii.
62; Flor. Tasman. ii. 155, tab. 170 A.; L. varium, R. Br. Prodr. 164; Hook.
& Grevill. Icon. Filic. 112; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctica, i. 115; Flor. Nov.
Zeel. i. 52; Flor. Tasm. i. 155, tab. 170, B-F.; L. Flagellaria, Rich. Voy.
de l’Astrolabe, i. 60; L. Billardierii, Spring in Mémoir. Acad. Brux. xv.
56; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 53.
Varietas flagellaria.
Pitt-Island, rare on rocks.
Our collection contains from Stuart-Island specimina exhibiting
strictly bracteate and foliate spikes on the same individual plant.
In Australia the typical L. Selago is restricted to the highlands ;
the elongated varieties are observed in deep moist forest-ravines
either on fern-trees or on mossy rocks,

FILICES.
GLEICHENIA DICARPA,

R. Br. Prodrom. 161; Kunze, Farnkreuter, 164, t. 70, fig.2; Hook. Spec.
Filic. i. 3, t. 1, C.; Exotic Ferns, 40; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 5;
Flor, Tasm. ii. 131; G, alpina, R. Br. Prodr. 161; Hook. et Grev. Icon.
Fil. t. 58.

Chatham-Island.

63

Dr. Hooker (Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 5) records G. micropliylla from
Chatham-Island. The normal form of that fern occurs not in Mr.
Travers’s collection ; but the variety hecistophylla from New Zealand
seems to obliterate the limits of these two species. If so we possess
in Australia but four Gleicheniz, viz. G. Platyzoma (Platyzoma
microphyllum, R. Br. Prodr. 160), which is widely dispersed over
the arid interior of tropical Australia; G. microphylla, of which G.
rupestris and G. spelunce are varieties; G. flabellata and G. Her-
manni.

The reduction of Platyzoma to Gleichenia has been suggested by
Prof. Endlicher (Gen. Plant. 64) and Sir Will. Hooker. The develop-
ment of barren short and narrow fronds accessory to the fertile ones
is its principal character.

BorrycHIUM TERNATUM.

Swartz, Synops. Filic. 172; Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 63; Kunze, Farnkreuter,
t. 121; B. lunaroides, Swartz, 1. c. ; Torrey, Flora of New York, ii. 506;
Chapman, Flora of South Unit. States, 599; B. dissectum, Spreng. An-
leitung, iii. 172; B. obliquum, Muehlenb. in Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 63 ;
B. fumaroides, Willd. 1. c.; _B. matricarioides, Willd. 1.c.; B. rutaceum,
Svensk Bot. t. 372, fig. 2; B. Fumarie, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 23; B.
Matricarie, Spreng. l.c.; B. Australe, R. Br. Prodrom. 164; B. rutifo-
lium, Al. Br. in Delling. Rhein. Flor. 24; B. Virginicum, J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. 1.50; Flor. Tasman. ii.:154, t.169; Osmunda Lunaria var.
Beckeana, Linn. Ameen. Acad.; O. ternata, Thunb. Flor. Japon. 329, t. 32;
O. Lunaria, Oeder in Flor. Danic. t. 18, fig. 2; O. Matricarie, Schrank,
Flor. Bavar. ii. 419; O. biternata, Lam. Encyel. iv. 608; Botrypus luna-
roides, Michaux, Flor. Amer. Boreal. ii. 274.

On open shady places of Chatham-Island.

This fern is very rare in South Australia and in the lowlands
of Victoria and New South Wales, and not yet found in tropical
and Western Australia, but not unfrequent in some of the high-
lands of this continent. Some specimina gathered by Dr. Haast
in the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand, show two sterile fronds.

It remains to be ascertained in what relation B. ternatum is
standing to B. Lunaria and B. Virginicum. Professor Oeder, an
excellent observer, Ulustrated (Flora Danica, t. 18) both B. Lunaria
and B. ternatum as varieties of one species, connected by B. rutaceum.
Smith (Engl. Flora, iv. 315) and Weber & Mohr (Bot. Taschenbuch,
48-51) adopt this view, in which the author after observing the
variability of these plants in the alpine valley of the Cabongra is
inclined to concur. Wallroth (Compend. Flor. Germ. iii, 30) and

64

Lange (Dansk Flora, 687) include B, rutaceum in B, Lunaria, but
uphold B. Matricarie as a species, whilst Alex. Braun (in Deelling.
Rhein. Flor. 24) and Koch (Synops. Flor. German. iii. 972) regard
all three plants as specifically different.

B. Virginicum quoted by Dr. Hooker as identical with B. terna~
tum is kept distinct by Torrey and Chapman, and has as yet not
been found in any part of Australia, but occurs in Russia, specimina
collected near Petersburg and communicated by Dr. Regel fully
corresponding to American ones gathered in Connecticut and sent
by Prof. A. Gray. For the illustration of this plant Plukenet’s figure
- (Amalth. t. 427, fig. 8) is evidently intended. 3B. daucifolium (Wall.
in Hook. & Grev. Icon. Filic. t. 161; Bot. Mag. 5, 340) and B. sub-
carnosum, both received from Mr. Thwaites as gathered in Ceylon,
may mediate a transit from B. Virginicum to B. ternatum. Dr.
Hooker is inclined to refer all known Botrychia to two species. To
the writer of these pages it seems by no means improbable, that all
are the offsprings of one species, in which three primary varieties
may be recognized.

TRICHOMANES VENOSUM.
R. Brown, Prodr. 159; Hook. & Grev. Icon. Filic. t. 78; Hook. Spec. Filic.
i. 182; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 17; Flor. Tasm. ii. 135.
On mossy stems of fern-trees of Chatham-Island.
In the Australian Continent limited to the south-eastern fern-
tree country.

HyYMENOPHYLLUM DEMISSUM.

Swartz, Synops. Filic. 147 et 374; Schkuhr, Farnkreuter, 135, t. 135, C.;
Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 529; A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 92; Hook.
Spec. Filic. i. 109; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 14; H. flabellatum,
Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 101, t. 250, B.; R. Br. Prodr. 159;
J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. ii. 15; Fl, Tasm. ii. 134; H. nitens, R. Brown,
Prodr. 159; Hook. et Grev. Icon. Filic. t. 197; Trichomanes demissa,
Forst. Prodr. 468.

On mossy stems of fern-trees of Chatham-Island.

In Australia restricted to the south-eastern fern-tree gullies.

Our collections are not sufficiently extensive to offer from their
investigation a complete synonymy of this species, but they are
sufficiently convincing of the fact that the islands of New Zealand
possess very few and Australia probably but two real species of this
genus. The winged rachis and stipes afford no positive mark for
specific discrimination and perhaps neither the indument, The

: 65

specific names given by Swartz and Labillardiére simultaneously to
this lovely plant are not well applying to the generality of its forms.

CyATHEA DEALBATA.

Swartz, Synops. Filic. 140 & 365 ; Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 495 ; Ach. Rich. Voy.
de l’Astrolabe, 77, t. 10; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 27; J. Hook. Flor. Nov.
Zeel. ii. 7; Ralph in Proceed. Linn. Soe. iii. 163 & 164; Polypodium
dealbatum, Forst. Prodr. 454.

Common in woods of the Chatham-Islands,
The serratures or crenatures of the ultimate lobes of the frond
are often very faint.

CyaTHEA CUNNINGHAMI.
J. Hook. in Hook. Icon. Plant. 985; Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 7; Ralph in
Proceed. Linn. Soe. iii. 163 & 167.

Common in the woods of the Chatham-Islands, where it is called
by the natives “ Ponja.”

If to the plants in our collection a right interpretation has been
given this species differs from C. medullaris besides in some of the
characters pointed out by Dr. Hooker in slightly smaller more
tender sori, which seem not so generally distributed over the whole
but only along the lower part of the underpage of the pinnule-
segments, in more slender sporangia with a less conspicuous ring.

C. Smithii, according to specimina from Canterbury, has generally
but few sori attached to the midnerve of the lower part of each of
the pinnule-segments, and the small indusium retracted to a shallow
cup, from which the prominent receptacle comes conspicuously in
view. :

DIcKsoNIA SQUARROSA.

Swartz, Synops. Filic. 136 & 355; Schkuhr’s Farrnkreuter, 124, t. 130; Hook.
Spec. Filic. i. 68 ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 9; Ralph in Proceed. Linn.
Society, iii. 169; Trichomanes squarrosum, Forst. Prodr. 476.

Chatham-Islands.
The specimina of this Dicksonia before us are scarcely sufficient
for exact identification.

ASPLENIUM FALCATUM.
Lamark, Encycl. Méthod. ii. 303 (1786); Swartz, Flor. Ind. Occid. iii. 1618 ;
Syn. Fil. 77; Retzius, Observ. Fase. 6, 37; Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 325 ;
R. Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. 150; A. Rich. Voy. de ]’Astrolabe, i. 73;
Endl. Prodrom. Flor. Ins. Norfolk. 9; Hook. Spec. Filic. iti. 160; A.
{

66

polyodon, G. Forst. Prodr. 428 (1786) ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 84;
A. cultratrum, Gaudich. in Freycen. Voy. Bot. 317; A. Forsterianum,
Colenso in Tasman. Phil. Journ. accord. to Jos. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii.
34; Trichomanes adiantoides, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1561; Flor. Zeylanic.
385; Burmann, Flor. Indic. 236; Tarachia polyodon, Presl, Epimel. 76.

Chatham-Island, in woods on trees and in rocky crevices.

ASPLENIUM MARINUM.
Linné, Spec. Plant. 1540,
Varietas obtusata.

A. obtusatum, Forst. Prodrom. 430; Schkuhbr, Farrnkr. t. 68; Labill. Nov.
Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 93, t. 242, f.2; J. Hook. Fl. Nov. Zeel. ii. 33;
Hombr. & Jacquem. Voy. au Péle Sud, Bot. Crypt. t.1; Hook. Exotic Ferns,
t. xlvi.; J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. ii. 145; Hook. Spee. Filic. iii. 96; A. obli-
quum, Forst. Prodr. 429 ; Labill. 1. c. t. 242, fig. 1; Schkuhr, Farrnkr. t.
71; A. difforme, R. Br. Prodr. 160; Endl. Prodrom. Flor. Insul. Norfolk.
9; A. oblongifolium, Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ. sec. J. Hook. 1e¢.; A.
apicidentatum, Hombr. & Jacquem. 1. c.

On rocky places of Chatham-Island almost everywhere. Not
rare in New Zealand and Tasmania, but very scarce in Continental
Australia. This variety is distinguished by more or less coriaceous,
simply pinnate not very elongated fronds, by often blunt finely or
grossly serrate-crenate or towards the base pinnatifid or pinnatisected
pinne and by rather long sori.

Our collections contain of this variety specimina only 2-3" high
with ample fructification ; further forms, which plainly connect this
plant with A. lucidum and with A. flaccidum.

Varietas bulbifera.

A. bulbiferum, Forst. Prodr. 433 ; Schkuhr, Farrnkr. 74, t. 79 ; Hook. Icon.
t. 423; Hombr. & Jacquem. l.c. t. 3, fig. 1; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii.
34; Fl. Tasm. ii. 146; Hook. Spec. Fil. iii. 196; A. laxum, R. Br. Prodr.
151; A. viridans, Labill. Sert. Austro-Caled. i. 2, t. ii.; A. triste, Raoul,
Choix, p. 10.

Common in woods of the Chatham-Islands on the border of
water-courses, Frequent in New Zealand, Tasmania and in the fern-
tree gullies of South-East Australia.

This variety is characterized by large more or less membranous
bipinnate fronds, acuminate pinne, pinnatisected or pinnatifid lower
pinnules and short sori.

Some of the viviparous specimina of our collections produce from
near the apex of the pinne young plants fully.2-3" long.

67

Varietas flaccida.

A. flaccidum, Forst. Prodr. 426 ; J. Hook. Fl. Antarct. 1. 109; Fl. Nov. Zeel.
ii. 35; Fl. Tasm. ii. 146; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 205 ; A. odontites, R. Br.
Prodr. 151; A. heterophyllum, A. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 74; A. ap-
pendiculatum, Presl, Tentam. Pteridogr.; Sond. & Muell. in Linnea, xxv.
718; Canopteris flaccida, Thunb. Nov. Act. Petropol. ix. 158, t. D, fig. 1
& 2; Schk. Farrnkr. t.82; Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 90; C. odontites, Thunb.
lc. t. H, fig. 1; Spreng. Anleit. iii, 115, t. 3, fig. 24; C. appendiculata,
Labill. 1. c. ii. 94, t. 243; Darea flaccida, Smith, Memoir Acad. Turin. v.
409; Darea odontites, Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 296 ; D. flaccida, Willd. 1. c.
295. ;

Common on trees of the Chatham-Islands.

Abundant in New Zealand and Tasmania and on fern-trees of
South-East Australia.

This variety is known by its more or less coriaceous or even
carnulent simply or doubly pinnated fronds, by pinnatifid or pinna-
tisected acuminate pinnules with rather distant lobes, by generally
rather short occasionally elongated mostly marginal sori.

Middle forms between this variety and A. bulbiferum and A.
Richardi exist in our collections, The latter, occurring in clefts of
mountain-rocks of New Zealand, must be regarded also as a variety,
remarkable for the often small size of its fronds and for its pinnules
being cut into fine narrow or short lobes, bearing marginal sori.
Neither this variety nor those represented by A. lucidum and A.
adiantoides occur in Mr. Travers’s Chathamian collection, nor are
they known to exist in Australia or Tasmania. ~A. adiantoides, ac-
cording to notes by Dr. Haast, grows from the fissures of mountain-
rocks, and thus its locality may account for the remarkable aberration
of the form and size of its pinnules. Middle forms between it and
A..obtusatum are preserved in our collection. Clear transits from
A. lucidum to A. obtusatum have also been observed, whilst a form
with pinnatifid pinne, brought by Dr. Haast from the limestone-
rocks of the coast between the Buller- and Grey-River, approaches
to certain less divided states of A. bulbiferum.

If in reality specific differences exist. between any of the plants
here referred to A. marinum, such must emanate in characters
different from any of those hitherto pointed out. The reason of the
greater variability of this fern in New Zealand than even in Aus-
tralia must be sought in climatical and geological conditions.

Some specimina of A. marinum, collected by Sieber in Corsica
and others gathered in Spain by Prof. Lange, approach so near to

68

certain states of A. obtusatum, that no specific value to their cha-
racters can possibly be attached. It also appears probable to the
author, that what he has drawn together on this occasion as forms
of this fern, does not even exhaust the display of its variations. In
the ferntree-ravines of Victoria the writer had frequent occasion to
trace A. bulbiferum and A. flacciduin into each other.

Potypoptum GRAMMITIDIS.

R. Br. Prodr. 147; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i.111; Fl. Nov. Zeel. ii. 41;
Fl. Tasm. ii. 150; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 230; Mettenius, Polypod. 53;
Grammitis heterophylla, Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 91, t. 239;
Xiphopteris heterophylla, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 44.

On trunks of trees in woods of the Chatham-Islands. Not rare
in New in Zealand, Tasmania and the ferntree-country of South-East
Australia.

Ina variety, which might be called serriformis, occurring in New
Zealand, the fronds are not pinnatisected, but simply linear and
toothed in the manner of a segment of the ordinary frond. The
form of the sori of Polypodium Australe is not unfrequently alike
to those of Polypodium Grammitidis, Thus that plant links the
genera Grammitis and Polypodium closely together. It is a frequent
companion of P, grammitidis in Australia felix, and ascends in New
Zealand to the glacier-regions. The fronds of P. grammitidis are
sometimes fully 1’ long.

PoLyPoDIUM PENNIGERUM.

Forst. Prodr. 444; Schkuhr, Farrnkreut. 17, t. 22; Hook. Spec. Filic. 7;
Aspidium pennigerum, Swartz, Syn. Filic. 49 & 250; Ach. Rich. Voy. de
l'Astrol. i. 67 ; Nephrodium pennigerum, Desvaux, according to Hook.1.¢. ;
Goniopteris pennigera, J. Smith, Gen. Ferns, p.18; J. Hook. Fl. Nov.
Zeel, i. 40. i

Common iu Chatham-Island on borders of water-courses.
Pinne not seldom alternate.

PoLYPODIUM RUGOSULUM.

Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 92, t. 241; Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 1206;
R. Brown, Prodr. 147; Endlich. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. 7; J. Hook. Flor.
Nov. Zeel. ii. 41; Flor. Tasm. ii. 149; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 272 (with
extensive synonymy); Beddome, Ferns of South India, 56, t.170; P. vis-
cidum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 61; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. 110; Chei-
lanthes ambigua, Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 84.

Common in woods of the Chatham-Islands.

69

Mr. Travers’s plant represents the normal form.

Some varieties of this fern, as indicated by Dr. Hooker, bear
great resemblance to the exindusiate form of Nephrodium veluti-
num, others to Hypolepis tenuifolia,

PoLyPoDIUM SCANDENS.

Forst. Prodr. 437; Schkuhr, Farrnkr. 11, t.8; Swartz, Syn. Fil. 131 & 228 ;
Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 166; P. pustulatum, Forst. Prodr. 436; Schk.
Farrnkr. 11, t.10 ; Bernhardi in Keenig & Sims’s Annal. t.1, fig.6; Met-
ten. Polypod. p. 101 ; Hook, Spec. Filic. v. 80; P.membranifolium, R. Br.
Prodr. 147; P. phymatodes, Rich. Voy. de l Astrol. 64; Phymatodes pus-
tulata, Presl, Tentamen Pteridograph. 196; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii.
42; Drynaria pustulata, J. Smith, accord. to Hook. 1. c.

Common in woods of Chatham-Island. To be found also in

New Zealand and widely through tropical and extratropical East

Australia,

Varietas Billardierii.

Polypodium scandens, Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 91, t. 240; P.
diversifolium, Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 166; P. Billardierii, R. Br. Prodr.
147 ; Metten. Polypod. 101; Endl. Prodr. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 7; Hook.
Spec. Filic. v.147; Phymatodes Billardierii, Pres], Tentam. Pteridogr. 196;
J. Hook. Flor. Antarct. i.111; Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 42 ; Flor. Tasm. ii.
150; Drynaria Billardierii, J. Smith.

Common everywhere in the Chatham-Islands, also in New Zea-
land, Tasmania, and in Australia from the southern part of Queens-
land through New South Wales and the colony of Victoria to the
eastern part of South Australia.

The author is unable to concede specific value to the differences
hitherto drawn between the two plants here recorded. It requires
even still further investigations, whether reliable characters exist
between P. scandens and P. phymatodes, plants perhaps rightly
united by Achilles Richard. Several other described’ Polypodia
seem referable to our plant. °

‘The identification of Forster’s P. scandens from the Pacific
islands with P. pustulatum rests on the authority of Mettenius. The
name of the Society-Island’s plant has been chosen in preference to
that simultaneously bestowed on the New Zealand plant, being
exquisitely appropriate.

NEPHRODIUM DECOMPOSITUM.

R. Brown, Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. 149; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 39, t. 79 ;
FL. Tasm.i. 149; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 146 ; N. microsorum, Endl. Prodr.

70

Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 9; N. glabellum, A. Cunningh. in Hook. Compan.
to the Bot. Mag. ii. 367; Metten. Aspid. 69; Aspidium Shepherdi, Kunze
in Linnea, xxiii. 230; A. acuminatum, Lowe, Filic. 6, t.11; Metten. Aspid.
p- 71; Lastrea acuminata, Th. Moore; L. davallioides, Brackenr. Filic,
Wik. Unit. Stat. Explor. Exped. 202; L. atro-virens, J. Smith, Catal.
Cult. Ferns, 59.

Common in woods of Chatham-Island. Not rare in New Zealand ;
occurring also in a few places of Tasmania; restricted in Australia
to Gipps-Land, New South Wales and the southern part of Queens-
land ; also found in Norfolk-Island and some of the Pacifie groups,

Bynoe’s plant was most probably gathered in New South
Wales.

Nephrodium hispidum (Hook. Spec. Fil. iv. 150) mediates the
transit of this genus to Aspidium, That fern may be sought for yet
in the Chatham-group.

ASPIDIUM CORIACEUM.

Swartz, Synops. Filic.57 ; Schkuhr, Farrnkr. t.50; R. Br. Prodr.148; Willd.
Spec. Plant. v. 268; Metten. Filic. Hort. Lipsiens. 89; Endl. Prodr. Flor.
Insul. Norfolk. 8; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 32; A. Cunninghami, Colenso
in Tasm. Phil. Journ. accord. to J. Hook. 1. c.; Polypodium adiantiforme,
Forst. Prodr. 449; P. coriaceum, Swartz, Prodr. Descript. Vegetab. Ind.
Occid. 133; Sw. Flor. Ind. Occid. iii. 1688 ; Polystichum coriaceum, Schott,
Gen. Fil. ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 837 ; Fl. Tasm. ii. 148.

On tree-ferns of Chatham-Island not common. Not unfrequent
in New Zealand, Tasmania and ranging in Australia from the vi-
cinity of Cape Otway eastward to New South Wales,

The indusia are generally early seceding, and seemingly not
always developed.

ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM.

Swartz, Synops. Filic. 53; Schkuhr’s Farrnkr. t. 39; Smith, English Flora,
iv. 277; Koch, Synops. Flor. Germ. et Helv. iii. 976; Benth. Handb. of
the Brit. Fl. 628 ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 18-22 (with extensive quotations
of literature); A. vestitum, Sw. Syn. Filic. 53 & 254; Schk. Farrnkr. t.
43; A. lobatum, Sw. 1. c.53; A. proliferum, R. Br. Prodr. 147; Sond. &
Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 718; A. coriaceum var. acutidentatum, A. Rich.
Voy. de l’Astrol. i. 71; A. venustum, Hombr. & Jacquem. Voy. au Péle
Sud, t.5; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i. 106; A. pulcherrimum et A. Wait-
karense, Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ. accord. to J. Hook. I-c.; A. Richardi,
Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 23, t. 222; Polypodium aculeatum, Linné, Spec.
Plant. 1552; P. vestitum, Forst. Prodr. 445; P. silvaticum, Colenso in J.
Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 41, t. 81; Polystichum aculeatum, Roth. Flor.
Germanic. iii. 79; Beddome, Ferns of South India, 41, t.121; P. vestitum,

71

Presl, Tentam. Pteridolog. 83; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 38; Flor.
Tasm. ii. 148; P. aristatum, J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 37.

Common in woods and on the borders of water-courses of Chat-
ham-Island; extending in Continental Australia from Mount Gambier
to New South Wales, abounding in the moister forest-regions,
ascending to the highest alpine elevations, and forming in some of
our highlands, for instance on the Baw Baw Range, with Lomaria
Capensis, the predominant part of the lower vegetation. (Conf. F, M.
Report for 1860, p. 14.)

When, especially in colder forest-glens or along shady rivulets,
this fern occurs in a luxuriant state with fronds 4-6’ long, its circular
tufts then assume a truly grand appearance. The chaff-like scales
are pale-brown in the Chatham-plant and the pinnules bluntly
crenate. The scales of the stipites of this species attain in richly
developed plants fully the length of 1", and impart when shining
black and brown margined to this fern great additional beauty.
The indusium readily secedes and seems occasionally to be wanting.

Diminutive varieties have been detected on the Ashburton-glacier
and in others of the permanently snowy regions of New Zealand by
Dr. Haast.

LoMARIA DISCOLOR.

Willd. in Magaz. der Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 1809, 160; Spec. Plant. v.
293; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 30; Flor. Tasm. ii. 143 ; Hook. Spec.
Filic. ii.5; L. nuda, Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 289; L. falcata, Spreng. Syst.
Veg. iv. 62; L. lanceolata, J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i. 110; Osmunda
discolor, Forst. Prodr. 413 ; Onoclea discolor, Swartz, Syn. Fil. 111; O.
nuda, Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii. 96, t. 246; Hemionitis discolor,
Schk. Farrnkr. 7, t.6; Stegania nuda, R. Br. Prodr. 153 (1810) ; 8. falcata,
R. Br. 1. c.; S. discolor, Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrol. ii. 87; 8. procera,
A. Rich. 1. c. t. 18, the barren frond.

In woods of Chatham-Island common. In Continental Australia
from St. Vincent’s Gulf extending to New South Wales.

This and L, Capensis are the only ferns hitherto in the Australian
Continent found westward of Mount Gambier."

Fronds arranged in circles; the fertile segments often broad,
stout and blunt.

The fronds are larger and firmer and less saturated green than
those of L. lanceolata, which corresponds in color and texture of its
foliage to L, fluviatilis ; the segments moreover are neither distinctly
crenulated, nor the inferior ones so singularly abbreviated.

* The segments of the fronds are not rarely along their upper part
fruit-bearing and in the lower portion barren.

72

A strange variety of L. discolor (var. bipinnatisecta) with seg-
ments cleft again deeply into lobes has been discovered in the
Dandenong-Ranges of Australia felix by Mr. D. Boyle.

The absence of the allied genus Blechnum in New Zealand and
its dependencies is remarkable.

Lomaria CAPENSIS.

Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 291; Linnzxa, 1847, 256; Rawson & Pappe, Enum. Filic..

Cap. 27; L. striata, W. l.c.; L. lineata, W. l.c.; L. Chilensis, Kaulf.
Enum. Filic. 154; Hook. Gen. Filic. t. lxiv. 13; L. procera, Spreng. Syst.
Veg. iv. 65; Hook. Icon. 427; J. Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i. 110; Flor. Nov.
Zeel. i. 27, t. 75; Flor. Tasmanic. i. 142; Hombr. & Jacquem. Voy. au
Péle Sud, t. 2, E ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 22-28 (with extensive synonyma) ;
L. minor, Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 291; L. latifolia, Colenso in Tasm. Phil.
‘Journ. accord. to J. Hook. 1. c. ; Osmunda Capensis, Linné, Mantissa
Plant. 306; O. procera, Forst. Prodr. 414; Onoclea Capensis, Swartz, Syn.
Filic. 111; Blechnum procerum, Sw. Syn. Fil. 115; Labill. Nov. Holl.
Plant. Specim. ii. 97, t. 247; Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 415; Asplenium pro-
cerum, Bernh. Act. Erfurt. 1802, 4, fig. 1; Stegania procera, R. Br. Prodr.
153; Achill. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrol. t. 13, the fertile frond; 8. minor, R.
Br. ].c.; Parablechnum procerum, Presl, Epimel. 109.

Common in forest-ground of Chatham-Island. In Continental
Australia not rare from St. Vincent’s Gulf to New South Wales, in
some of the interjacent localities very abundant (conf. Linnea, 1847,
561), but as yet not found in South-West Australia, where seemingly
the genus Lomaria is not represented.

Decidedly the tallest of all Australian congeners and less exclu-
sively a forest-plant than most other species, ascending to alpine

elevations. Hence this noble fern might easily be naturalized in
Middle Europe.

ADIANTUM FORMOSUM.

R. Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. 155; Ach. Rich. Voy. de l’Astrolabe, i. 88;
A. Cunn. in Hook. Compan. to the Bot. Mag. ii. 366; Raoul, Choit de
Plant. de la Nouv. Zél. 38; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 51, t. 86, B; J. Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zeel. ii. 21.

Varietas Cunninghami.

A. Cunninghami, Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 52, t. 86, A; J. Hook, Flor. Nov.
, Zeel. ii, 21.
Rare in Chatham-Island on rocky damp places.
Specimina with slightly downy raches gathered in New Zealand
obliterate the demarcation between A, Cunninghami and A. formo-

73

sum, none also of the other characters relied on for discrimination
proving constant.

The normal form of A. formosum exists in Continental Australia
from East Gipps-Land to the southern part of Queensland.

The closely allied A. affine, discovered also by Dr. Ludwig Leich-
hardt on Archer's Creek of subtropical Eastern Australia, has a root
very different to that of A. formosum.

New Zealand specimina of this plant, distributed from Dr. Sin-
clair’s collection by Mr. W. Gourlie, have the minute dark bristles
much more copiously scattered over the lower pages of the pinnules
than plants of either Australia or Norfolk-Island.

A. hispidulum ranges in Australia southward to the Genoa
River.

PTrERIS AQUILINA.

Linné, Spec. Plant. 1533; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii. 25; Flor. Tasm. ii.
139; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 196; P. esculenta, Forst. Prodr. 79; Plant.
‘Esculent. Insul. Ocean. Austr. 74; Labill. Nov. Holl. Plant. Specim. ii.
95, t. 244; R. Br. Prodr. 154; Blume, Enum. Filic. Jav. 214; Ach. Rich.
Voy. de l’Astrolabe, ii. 79; Endl. Prodr. Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 12; Agardh,
Spec. Gen. Filic. 47.
Chatham-Island. Capt. Anderson.
Mr. Travers also refers to this fern in his journal, unless the notes
apply to P.scaberula. It is widely and often gregariously dispersed
through extratropical Australia.

PTERIS SCABERULA.

Ach. Richard, Voy. de l’Astrol. i. 82, t..11; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. ii.
25; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 174, tab. 938, A; P. microphylla, A. Cunn. in
Hook. Comp. to the Bot. Mag. ii. 366; Allosorus scaberulus, Pres], Tentam.
Pteridograph.

Common on open places of Chatham-Island.

The diagnostic limits of this species require a still fuller eluci-
dation. The pinnules of the Chatham-plant are in general more
deeply divided than those of the plant illustrated by Ach. Richard,
but precisely analogous forms occur in New Zealand. It seems by
no means improbable, that this fern through middle forms is con-
nected with Pt. aquilina, quite as great aberrations being known to
exist in Asplenium marinum.

74

PTERIS INCISA.

Thunberg, Prodrom. Plant. Capens. 171; Flor. Capens. 733; Schlechtend.
Adumbrat. Fil. Cap. 44, t.25; Blume, Filic. Jav. 212; Agardh, Spec. Pterid.
76 ; Rawson & Pappe, Syn. Filic. Afric. Austr. 26; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii.
230; J. Hook. Flor. Tasman. ii. 140; P. vespertilionis, Labill. Nov. Holl.
Plant. Specim. ii. 96, t. 245; R. Rrown, Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. 154; J.
Hook. Flor. Antarctic. i.110; Fl. Nov. Zeel. ii. 26; P. Australasica, Desv.
Prodr. 302; P. glaucescens, Bory in Willd. Spec. Plant. v. 396; P. cru-
ciata, Kaulfuss in Sieber, Synops. Filic. 79 ; P. Brunoniana, Endl. Prodr.
Flor. Insul. Norfolk. 12; P. montana, Colenso in Tasm. Phil. Journ.
accord. to J. Hook. Flor. Tasm. ii. 140; Lithobrochia incisa, Presl, Tentam.
Pteridogr.

Chatham-Island. Capt. Anderson.

In Continental Australia this fern ranges from Mount Gambier
through moist forests to New South Wales. Its precise relation to
several allied plants is not yet fully established.

ADDITIONS.

ARALIACEZ.
HEDERA CRASSIFOLIA.

A. Gray, Botany of Wilkes’s Unit. Stat. Explor. Exped. 718; Aralia crassi-
folia, Banks & Soland. accord. to All. Cunn. in Annals of Nat. Hist. ii.
214; Walp. Repertor. Bot. Syst. ii. 480; Hook. Icon. Plant. t.583; J.
Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 96.

Chatham-Island. Dr. Dieffenbach.

A fragment of this plant appears also to be extant in Mr. Travers’s
collection.

This and the two following plants have been introduced into this
work on the authority of Dr. J. Hooker.

RUBIACEZ.
CoPpROSMA PROPINQUA.
All, Cunn. in Annals of Nat. Hist. ii. 206; Walpers, Repert, Botan. Syst. ii.
463 ; J. Hook. Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 109.
Chatham-Island. Dr. Dieffenbach.
Probably one of the species found by Mr. Travers is referable to
this plant.

VERBENACEZ.
AVICENNIA OFFICINALIS.

Linné, Spec. Plant. edit. prim. 110 (1753); J. C. Schauer in Cand. Prodr. xi.
700; A. resinifera, Forst. Prodr. 246; Plant. Esculent. 72; A. Rich. Voy.
de l’Astrolabe, 195; Decaisne, Herb. Timor. 74; A. tomentosa, R. Br.
Prodr. 518; Wallich. Plant. Asiat. Rarior. iii. 44, t. 271 ; Miquel in Lehm.
Plant. Preiss. i. 353; Wight, Icon. Plant. Ind. Orient. 1481; J. Hook.
Flor. Nov. Zeel. i. 204.

Chatham-Island. Dr. Dieffenbach.

The plants constituting the genus Avicennia are deserving of a
new critical exposition, but for which the material in our collection
proves insufficient. Apparently only one species exists in Asia and
Australia, In Continental Australia it fringes widely many tracts

76

of the muddy coast and estuaries subject to the regular flow of the
tides, producing more frequently a narrow-leaved variety on the
tropical shores and a broad-leaved form in the extratropical latitudes,
the former variety having sometimes the leaves narrow-lanceolate
and long-acuminate, the length exceeding many times the width.
It occurs as far south as Wilson’s Promontory, and will therefore
probably yet be met with on the north-coast of Tasmania,

Jacquin’s A. tomentosa of the western hemisphere, Selectar.
Stirpium Americ. Histor. 178, t. 112, fig. 2 (1763); Linné, Gen.
Plant. edit. Vienn. 579 (1767); Murray, Syst. Veget. 484 (1774);
Humboldt, Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Spec. Plant. ii. 283, is
regarded by Schauer as distinct from Linné’s A. officinalis, Blume
(Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsk Indie, p. 821), Wight
(Icon. Plant. Ind. Orient. iv. num. et tab. 1481 & 1482) and Miquel
(Flor. Ind. Batav. ii. 912), distinguish a second Asiatic species.as A.
alba, whilst R. Brown unites the West African A. Africana (Beau-
vois, Flore d’Oware, i. 79, t. 47) and Walpers (Repert. Bot. Syst. iv.
131) in addition to this the genuine American A. tomentosa with our
plant. In Schreber’s edition of Linné’s Materia Medica, 158, the
Asiatic and American plants are also combined as A. tomentosa.
Lamark’s principal figure (Encycl. Méthodigq. t. 540), quoted by
Walpers, is evidently not referable to our plant. The figures in the
works of Rheede (Hort. Malabar. iv. t. 45) and of Rumpf (Herbar.
Amboinens, iii. t. 76) are sufficiently expressive of the Australian
species,

Linné (Flor. Zeilan. 23), Willdenow (Spec. Plant, iii. 395) and
also Schauer and Walpers have offered respectively a detailed syno-
nymy of this and congeneric plants.

Eurybia Traversii in a flowerless state bears considerable resem-
blance to Avicennia officinalis,

EXPLANATION OF THE MAGNIFIED ANALYTIC
FIGURES OF THE PLATES.

Puatse 1.—Gingidium Dieffenbachii.—1, male flower; 2, front view of a
stamen; 3, back view of a stamen; 4, side view of a stamen ; 5, side view and
6, front view of a male flower after the lapse of the stamens.

Prate II.—Eurybia Traversit.—1, unexpanded capitulum ; 2, expanded
capitulum ; 3, a complete bisexual flower ; 4, corolla and genitalia of the latter ;
5, corolla of the same laid open; 6, stamina; 7, pollen-grains; 8, style of bi-
sexual flower; 9, unisexual flower complete ; 10, its corolla and style; 11, its
style separate; 12, bristles of the pappus ; 13, alveoles of the receptacle; 14,
achenium ; 16, its longitudinal and 16, its transverse section; 17, embryo.

Puate ITI.—Senecio Huntii.—1, indumentum ; 2, unexpanded capitulum ;
3, expanded capitulum; 4, bisexual flower complete ; 5, its corolla and geni-
talia ; 6, its corolla cut open ; 7, stamens; 8, pollen-grains; 9, style of bisexual
flower; 10, unisexual flower complete; 11, back view of its corolla; 12, invo-
lucre and receptacle; 13, achenium; 14, the same longitudinally dissected ;
15, embryo; 16, transverse section of achenium ; 17, bristles of pappus.

Prats IV.—Senecio radiolatus.—l, unexpanded capitulum ; 2, expanded
capitulum ; 3, longitudinal section of capitulum ; 4, bisexual flower complete ;
5, its corolla separate; 6, corolla laid longitudinally open; 7, stamens; 8,
pollen-grains ; 9, style of bisexual flower; 10, unisexual flower complete ; 11,
dorsal view of the same; 12, its style; 13, involucre and receptacle; 14,
alveoles of the latter; 15, achenium dry; 16, achenium moistened; 17,
longitudinal and 18, transverse section of achenium ; 19, embryo; 20, bristles
of pappus.

Prats V.—Leptinella Featherstonii.—l, unexpanded capitulum ; 2, ex-
panded capitulum, with part of the uni- and bisexual flowers removed; 3, a
bisexual flower complete; 4, the same laid open; 5, stamens; 6, style of the
bisexual flower; 7, pollen-grains; 8, a complete unisexual fertile flower ; 9,
longitudinal section of the same; 10, achenium cut transversely; 11, side
views of embryo.

Prare Vi.—Leptinella potentillina.—1, unexpanded capitulum; 2, ex-
panded capitulum with part of the bi- and unisexual flowers removed; 3,
involucre and receptacle; 4, a bisexual flower; 5, the same laid open longitu-
dinally ; 6, stamens; 7, pollen-grains; 8, style; 9, unisexual flower; 10, the
same longitudinally cleft; 11, transverse section of achenium ; 12, side views

of embryo.

78

Prate VII.—WUyrsine Chathamica.—l, fruit seen from below; 2, fruit
seen from above; 3, putamen; 4, longitudinal and 5, transverse section of
fruit; 6, embryo.

INDEX.

[The specific names adopted of the Chathamian Plants are printed in cursive letters.]

Page
Achnatherum conspicuum oe = GL Aspidium acuminatum ...
Adiantum affine ... aise we 73 coriaceum nec
Cunninghami aon 0072, 73 acutidentatum
Sor var, Cunninghami 72 Cunninghami_...
hispidulum <3 ww §=678 lobatum.... Sas
Agrostis emula ... eee ws =—-60 pennigerum ase
avenacea ... sb we =: 60 proliferum ... ies
Billardieri ... tos ww. 60 pulcherrimum ss...
conspicua ... we =«61 Richardi_... gaa
debilis see aes - 60 Shepherdi ... see
Forsteri... aes «. 60 venustum ...
pilosa wes see we 60 vestitum ... ies
retrofracta ... ose ze 60 Asplenium adiantoides ...
Solandri.. a we ~=—60 apicidentatum ...
Aira cespitosa «ne see ww. =~ 61 appendiculatum ...
Kingi avs ae ww. ~=«661 bulbiferum ... ie
ALex bee eae ee sie 4 cultratum ... eee
Allosorus scaberulus ee we = 78 difforme ... oer
Amphiroa ... aoe oe roe 5 faleatum aes
ALANGIACE ee eae we =«17 flaccidum ... oat
ANACARDIACEE see 14 Forsterianum sn
Androsace spathulata... ve = 86 heterophyllum _...
Anisotome antipoda ose we «=—«d18 laxum ate oes
Anthophyllum Urvillei ... awe «57 lucidum... ise
Aralia crassifolia ... tee we «75 marinum var. bulbiferum
ARALIACER eee eae eel 7, 75 var. flaccidum
Ardisia acerosa ... ace ww. §=648 var. obtusatum
Areca Banksii ... eee we «= obliquum ... ae
sapida ons a oe = «55 oblongifolium _....
Arnica operina... . on. 22 obtusatum ... iia
Arundo conspicua ... ei wo. 6,61 odontites ... 7
Australis... a ewe ~=<61 polyodon ... was
Egmontiana ste ve = 61 procerum ...
Kakao 5 . 61 Richardi
Phragmites see we =«661 triste ar eae
triodioides ... : 59 viridans... oes
ASPERIFOLLE a 82 Astelia Banksii ... seg
Aspidium aculeatum 70 Richardi ... eee

Page

Avena filiformis ...

Avicennia Africana seis
alba... ee wee
officinalis... tes

resinifera ... or
tomentosa ... ie
Ballia ies aes es

Bedfordia salicina... aos

Beyera viscosa

Blechnum procerum

Botrychium Australe...
daucifolium
dissectum ... ve
Fumarie ... sei
fumarioides avs
Lunaria... aie
lunarioides... hee
Matricarie... ve
matricarioides ...
obliquum ... ‘see
rutaceum ... ace
rutifolium ... sels

subcarnosum fits
ternatum ... eee
Virginicum sets

Botrypus lunarioides ...
Bryum as tee ae
Bursaria spinosa ... Bes
Cenopteris appendiculata
flaccida... se
odontites ...

Caladenia bifolia ... ee

Calamagrostis emula_...

conspicua ... tes
? Willdenowi vee
Calorophus... ee teh
Calystegia affinis ... oo

Dahburica ... os
marginata ... =
reniformis ... mer
sepium eae

silvatica ... is
Soldanella ... ie
spithamea ... ase
tuguriorum ee

Campanula porosa “es

Carex appressa... see
collata wae Sei
debilis Per ste
Forsterit Ses
paniculata ... eos
paradoxa

Page

‘ 60
we = 76
awe = 76
we 75
we = 75
wsZ 5, 76
exe 5
0020, 24
és 47
ww «2
we §=6. 68
64

63

63

we = 68
» 63
« 63
« §=668
- 63
ww ~=—68
63

63

. 64
we «=.
. 63
» 63
. 4
« 47
r 67
wee G7
ow = «67
. 51
ree =: 60
61

om 60
aes 4
i 2a
ww. «©6389
« 389
ow. 89
. 38
5 39
wa = OD
we «=. 89
oo. 88
» 984
we =—«57
58

oe §«=6.58,
a. §«=—58
o 57
we «=57

Carex punctulata...
recurva = «.-
secta aie vee
teretiuscula aes
virgata... ees
CARYOPHYLLEZ .. eee
Caulerpa ... es sen
Centropappus Brunonis ...
Cerastium vulgatum
Ceratella ... oes wa
Chetomorpha_... tee
Champia ... se ies
Cheilanthes ambigu: wee
Chiloglottis diphylla ...

Gunni wee ast
Traversi .. oan
Chlamydea tenacissima ...
Cladonia ... Pe ee

Clematis aristata ...
Coccoloba Australis .
Colobanthus Billardieri ...
var. brachypoda ...
ComPositz ies See
Conferva ... ee, we
CoNVOLVULACEZ ... aoe

Convolvulus acaulis * ... .

acutifolius ... vs
angustissimus tee
adscendens ... er
crispifolius.., ss
erubescens ... a
Huegeli... iis
Preissi ise se
remotus
sepium iss ses
subpinnatifidus...
Coprosma propingua ...
species wey. ¢lane
CorIARIBS... ive wee
Coriaria ruscifolia... «..
sarmentosa... aes
CoRNEH eas fee
Corokia buddleyoides
Cotoneaster ate
Correa speciosa... Ae
Corynocarpus levigatus...
Cotula Australis ... o's

coronopifolia esis
Featherstoni ses
Cyathea Cunninghami -
dealbata .., Be
medullaris ... Ses

Cyathea Smithi ...
Cyathodes abietina

acerosa ais
adscendens...

divaricata ... nee
empetrifolia is
glauca ae a

oxycedrus ...
parvifolia ...

straminea ... dee,

Cymbidium autumnale ...
Cynoglossum eos
Chathamicum
nobile
CYPEROIDEE
Cystanthe procera...
Cystophora oe
Danthonia penicillata
Darea flaccida...
odontites ... a6
Demidovia tetragonoides...
Deschampsia cespitosa ...
Desmoscheenus spiralis
Deyeuxia emula ..,
Billardieri ...
Forsteri
retrofracta ...
Dicksonia squarrosa
Dodonza viscosa ... 7
Dracophyllum montanum
scoparium ...
verticillatum
Drynaria Billardieri ame
pustulata
Earina mucronata ...
Ecklonia ... oat
Tdwardsia grandiflora
microphylla
myriophylla
EPACRIDER ' tee
Epacris arborea...
heteronema
juniperina ... aes
Epidendrum autumnale ...
Epilobium alpinum
alsinoides ...
atriplicifolium ...

Baueri
Billardierianum
canescens ... ves

cinereum ...
confertifolium

81

Epilobium confertum _...
glabellum ... ae
haloragifolium
hirsutum
hirtigerum ...
incanum
junceum
latifolium ...
linnzoides ...
luteum aay ae
macranthum ae
macropus
melanocaulon
microphyllum
nerteroides eee
nummularifolium ...
origanifolium
pallidifiorum
palustre
pedunculare
pubens aay
rotundifolium
suffruticosum
tenuipes
tetragonum ...
thymifolium
virgatum

Erechites glossantha

Escallonies vee

EUPHORBIACEX ... wats

Euphorbia glauca... sie

Eurybia alpicola ... ne
argophylla...
Beckleri_ ... fae
chrysophylla sis
Colensoi
lirata ae
megalophylla
operina... are
oppositifolia Ses
rosmarinifolia ...
semidentata ...

Traversi (Plate IT.)
tubuliflora ...
viscosa bee Hee

Ferraria irioides ...

Festuca antipoda ...
irritans ... ar

Kergulensis ete
litoralis ase
microstachya ane
scoparia

20
21

19, 76, 77
we 21

20

: Page
Festuca viscida 59
Finices... oe. 62
Funaria ae a 4
Fungi 5
Funkia wets one uid ws Bo
Gentiana bellidifolia sie 40
cerina ee ues we =40
concinna 40
Diemensis ... 40
Griesebachi 40
Magellanica Al
montana 40
Patagonica... 40
pleurogynoides... we = 40
prostrata ... aise ow 41
saxosa 40
GENTIANES 40
GERANIACER ues ‘a 10
Geranium dissectum sa 10
pilosum ie 10
Gingidium antipodum ... v=o 18
Dieffenbachi er L) ...17, 77
Traversi os ws 18
glaciale 18
Monroi 18
procumbens 18
squarrosum 18
Gleichenia alpina... 62
dicarpa 62
flabellata 63
Hermanni ... oe ve = «68
microphylla « ear vee = «68
hecistophylla 63
platyzoma ... wee 63
rupestris ... ee . 63
spelunces ... oe 63
Goniopteris pennigera ... we = 668
GRAMINE.. a wa «= 59
Grammitis inetanophyila: 68
Grieselina lucida ... ar wer
Griffithsia ... ie 5
Gymnococca arenaria 48
Gyncrium Zeelandicum ... 61.
Hamelinia veratroides ... 54
Hedera crassifolia... 75
Helix is e
Heleocharis acuta... ane 56, 57
gracilis... . we = «56
mucronulata ass we =
moulticaulis... 56, 57
palustris .56, 57
uniglumis ... 5G

Page

Hemionitis discolor 7
Hoheria populnea... 11
Holeus lanatus... esate 61
Hookeria ... eas 4
Hymenanthera 38
angustifolia sue 10
'Banksi ae 9
crassifolia .., 9
dentata ... dale vs ~=—:10
latifolia var. Chathamica ... 9
Hymenophyllum demissum 64
flabellatum... aoe 64
nitens 64
Hypolepis tenuifolia sos ~ 69
Hypnum ... 4
TripEx wes bas es was 58
Isolepis spiralis 57
JUNCEE st 55
Juncus campestris 55
planifolius ... tee 56
Kennedya monophylla 47
Lachenalia ramosa i we (4
Lachnagostris Billardieri ww. ~—-<60
Forsteri... se 60
filiformis 60
Preissi wats sas 60
retrofracta ... 60
Willdenowi ies 60
Lastrea acuminata 70
atrovirens ... ‘ 70
davallioides in ww. 70
Lreuminosa2 al om we =
Leontodon palustre 380
Taraxacum... toe «- 80
Leptinella aceenoides 29
dioica is we «89
Featherstoni (Plate V. ) 40:27,77
filicula iets de «. 80
Hookeri . 80
intricata ... ee 30
lanata an 29
longipes * 380

minor aes fate . =80
multifida ... « §=©80
plumosa ... woe =
potentillina eee VL as +0628, 77
propinqua ... we 29
pusilla tae +. 80
scariosa _... ee 29
squalida .., 30
Leucopogon apiculatus ow = 45
Forsteri 48

: Page Page
Leucopogon Fraseri re we 44 Luzula Oldfieldi ... ave ts 55
Hookeri_... aes we §=6°48 picta eis we aw. =<
juniperinus ; re we 44 Lycoropinz ee eat vee = «62
obtusatus ... aaa ae 43 Lycopodium Billardieri és we = 62
parviflorus ... was we 5 densum ah as we 62
polystachyus a vee 45 flagellaria ... aes we = 62
Richei is as oe 45 Selago sas we saar 162
Libertia azurea... wee «. 58 varium is are ve = 62
ccerulescens aes we «5B volubile ves ies wen 162
formosa... as ws 58 Lysimachia sedoides ves we «84
graminea ... es we =—-58 Mackinlaya ass tee aise LANE
grandiflora... aed ww» =: 58 Macromitrium ... wae ages 4
ixioides ase ae we =< Macropiper excelsum na we «48
Lawrenci ... tee we = psittacorum sais ve = 48
laxa... wa5 ans aw = =53 Matvace® rite ee 0
micrantha ... ies wwe «= «BB Melanodendron frteanitoliantl we = 20
paniculata ... nae es 62: Melobesia ... ee on ata 5
pulchella ... ies we «53 MESEMBRYANTHEE eee wwe «18
stricta aie ats .. 53 "| Mesembryanthemum Australe ... 13
Lichenastra sits ois oe 4 spec. . ane ae we = 13
LicHENEs ... tos ae a 4 Monotoca Biliptiea ee we «42
Liniscez ... sae nn we «54 Morza ixioides ... 0 «. aw = =«58
Lint2 Fore wee gus ix 10 Muehlenbeckia appressa... we =
Linum monogynum - v8 we =-10 Australis... vel we = 50
Lissanthe acerosa... ee we 43 axillaris... one we = 50
divaricata ... ae oe §=—48 complexa ... so w» = 550
montana ... ise we 4B parvifolia ... eae we =—-50
oxycedrus ... see scate 443 Musci a A Ae bee 4
parvifolia ... dae wa. = 48 Myororina aoe is aoe? 102
Lithobrochia incisa oan wee 74 Myoporum letum ... see eves ° 08
Livistonia Australis oS seq 55 oes nobile awe awe (82
Loperiacex ae _ ww. = 81 Myriogyne.. tea ies bend a27
Lobelia alata was oe ate Si MyrsiInez .. a 38
anceps ase aes we «81 ’Myrsine Ghanhonieg (Plate vir) ‘ss, 78
cuneiformis ae we = BL divaricata ... ie a 788
Lomaria Capensis ... des we nummularia wee vs 88
Chilensis ... ee we 72 salicina ... te ve «88
discolor was aoe 71 Urvillei ... ae ae = 88

var, bipiihativesta, 72 Nematostigma ixioides ... vee = «5B

falcata vis eae vee, Nephrodium decompositum we = 69
fluviatilis ... shi case Fl glabellum ... oes we HO
lanceolata ... ioe ve, FL hispidum ... wae red?)
latifolia... ae ve 72 microsorum eae we 69
lineata re = wx 92 pennigerum wie we = «68
minor ie aes ve 72 velutinum ... neh we ~=—-69

nuda Sts sie ven. Olearia Colensoi ... ie #5 122
procera... a6 wes. 42 operina ae aie | 322
striata ave eae we 72 semidentata at es ik
Luciola campestris aa% we 55 ,ONAGREZE ... és ae we 5
Luzula Banksiana ise wes: 108 Onoclea Capensis... ee wee 702
campestris ... a ws 85 discolor... ie ‘eer FL
crinita hs oe wee 25D nuda ey aay con 7A

Page
ORCHIDES .. tee “ 50
Orihvoranthad multifiorus 53
Osmunda biternata 63
Capensis ... aaa ww» «72
discolor... ae wae GE
Lunaria... ae we §=—-68
var. Beckeana ... 63
Matricarie... alo 63
procera... on vee = 72
ternata oes ive wwe = 68
Oxalis Magellanica 53
ParmMz ... adie ie vee «=—«s5S
Parablechnum procerum... rome
Parmelia ... 4
Passerina villosa ... 48
Peltigera ... wie 4
Phormium soetenian _ 54
tenax 54
Phyllospora ee 5
Phymatodes Billardierii .. 69
pustulata ... ae vee = 69
Pimelea ammocharis oe 49
arenaria ... — we «= 48
axiflora... wee we «= 49
Gnidia cas tas wwe = «49
Lyalli ee ae we «49
microcephala ae wee 49
pilosa wats 49
prostrata ... » 49
sericea uy eee 48, 49
Urvilleana .., ro wee «49
virgata a wie ow «49
PIrPERACEE ites oro 48
Piper excelsum ee 48°
psittacorum ae oe = 48
Plagianthus betulinus ... ww = 10
Lyalli ae ast we ~=10
urticinus ... aie 10
Platyzoma raiceaptiy tli 63
Pleiogyne ... eee vee ae «= 28
Plocamium... vee ay awe 5
Pneumonanthe montana... we =40
prostrata ... ae we = 41
8ax08a, eee sii we. 40
Poa Australis ats ee we. 60
PoLYGoNEsz ae we 49
Polygonum appressum ... «» 50
aviculare ... soe 4
Australe ... ase w. 50
decipiens ... Bie we =—49
minus a aie we =—-49
Persicaria .., teh we (49

Polygonum prostratum ...
strictum ... ses
Polyosma Cunninghami ..
Polypodium aculeatum ...
adiantiforme ak
Australe ... wee
Billardierii... bee
coriaceum ... ‘cn
dealbatum ... aes
diversifolium ‘ee

Grammitidis ee
membranifolium ...
pennigerum ... tee
phymatodes

pustulatum | on
rugosulum ...

scandens... toe

var. Billardiertt

silvaticum ... ae

vestitum

viscidum ... ‘
Polystichum aculeatum ...

aristatum ...

coriaceum ...

vestitum ... aes
Polytrichum a woe

Potentilla anserina ers
anserinoides sie
PRIMULACEE ae ies
Prostanthera lasianthos ...
Pteris aguilina ... toe
Australasica
Brunoniana

eruciata ...
esculenta ...
incisa fro ant
microphylla ans
montana ...
seaberula ...

vespertilionis toe
Pterostylis Banksii asi
Ramalina ... es aes

Renealmia grandiflora
Rhacomitrium ... ais
RosacEzZ ... ee
Rhipogonum bar Sais
dubium aes
parviflorum are
scandens...
Rhytidandra noljemnigides
Richea pandanifolia
scoparia... wale

Page

RUBIACES? ... ae ae
Samolus ambiguus iv
Americanus

aquaticus ... sis
campanuloides ...
caulescens ... a8e
ebracteatus...
floribundus... of
junceus... as
latifolius ... Zee
litoralis ...
parviflorus...
porosus...
repens
spathulatus
subnudicaulis
Valerandi ...
Sargassum .. oe wai
Schedonorus iitovalig
Scirpus glaucus ... ae
lacustris
multicaulis ... ses
palustris
uniglumis ... ves
ScROPHULARINE ... “se
Sedum alsinifolium
Cepxa ie
Senecio Banksi_ ...
Bedfordi ...
brachyglossus oe

brevilingueus
Browni... ee
crassifolius... aoe
Forsteri es
glastifolius ...
Hunti (Plate TI.)
latifolius ... aa
lautus se ek
leucoglossus ar
lividus els
radiolatus aes IV. )
silvaticus ... er
vernalis ... ios
viscosus... wee
vulgaris... oor
Sheffieldia incana...
repens sa
Sida Lyalli...

var. ribifolia
Sisyrinchium ixioides ...
SMILACEZ ...
Smilax rhipogonum +5

0.20, 24
ae «= D4
00023, 77
25

10:24, 77
we 26
26
we 26
rs)
34
34
11
we

53

54

54

SoLaNEz ... ees a

Solanum aviculare... aa
fasciculatum tos
glaberrimum ane
laciniatum ... sa
nigrum aa soe
-simile ies
vescum ies

Sonchus asper... ie
oleraceus ... vs

Sophora microphylla...
tetraptera ...
Sphacelaria sate sve
Spheromorphea ... we
Sphagnum ...
Spinifex ... ies
Stegania discolor ... Be
falcata avs
minor see iste
nuda
procera
Stereocaulon
Sticta es oor te
Styphelia Gnidium a
Oxycedrus ...
parviflora ...
Richei eae ane
Suttonia nummularia ...
Synchodendron ramiflorum
Tarachia polyodon
Taraxacum dens leonis
officinale ... eo
Taxus ve _ ss
Tetragonella implexicoma
TETRAGONIACEE ...
Tetragonia cornuta
expansa
halimifolia ...
implexicoma...
var. Chathamica
inermis oe tas
Japonica ... “5
Tetratheca ericifolia aie
subaphylla...
THYMELZE or tes
Traversia ... we .
Trichomanes ‘adiantoties
demissum ...
squarrosum
venosum
Trineuron ... urs
Triodia antarctica

eee

Page

Triodia Billardieri
irritans ...
Kerguelensis
microstachya
pungens
procera
viscida

Trochocarpa laurina

Typha site _

UMBELLIFERE
UrTIcEzx ... cry
Urtica Aucklandica
Australis
dioica
~eTOX Ba
incisa 0K
lucifuga ...
urens is
VERBENACER

Veronica acutiflora
Andersoni ...
angustifolia
buxifolia ...
decussata ...
Dieffenbachi

By Authority: Jonn Furnzs, Government Printer, Melbourne,

Page

86

Veronica diosmifolia
elliptica ...
Fonki és
Forsteri...
ligustrifolia
levis aay
Lindleyana...
macrocarpa
macroura ...
Menziesi ...
myrtifolia ...
odora es
parviflora ...
pimeloides ...
pubescens ...
salicifolia ...
speciosa
stricta

Vignea paniculata
paradoxa ...
teretiuscula

VIOLARINE aor

Vittadinia cuneifolia

Wuerthia elegans...

Xiphopteris heterophylla

alls

DeGruchy& Leigh tmp

Gaméidium Diettembachin, (7

E Mueller dirext

F Schonfeld lth

FMueller drrexit DeGruchy& Leigh imp

turylbia Traversit 7/1

F Schonfeld hth

lei

F Schonfeld lth : FMueller direxit DeGruchy& Leigh imp

ltumynia Traversit / 10

F Schonfeld del et hth. F Mueller dirextt

senecto lilumtin ///

De Gruchy&Letgh imp

‘Tab. V

chy Lergh tnp

DeGru.

direxit

Mueller

Pp

Uf

foye)

heptinella featherstonit.” |

Tab. W

F Schonfeld del et lth F Mueller divexit DeGruchy & Leigh mp

lhaptimellla potantillinna £7

Tab VIL

F Schonfeld. del ct lith ¥-Mueller. dirextt De cymetes

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