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SYNOPSIS FILICUM:

OK,

A SYNOPSIS OF ALL KNOWN FERNS.

SYNOPSIS FILICUM;

oR,

A SYNOPSIS OF ALL KNOWN FERNS,

INCLUDING THE

OSMUNDACEA, SCHIZHACEA, MARATTIACEA, AND
OPHIOGLOSSACEA
(CHIEFLY DERIVED FROM THE KEW HERBARIUM).

ACCOMPANIED BY FIGURES

REPRESENTING THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS OF EACH GENUS.

BY THE LATE

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H.,
D.C.L., F.RS., A.S.. AND LS.,

DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW,
AND

JOHN GILBERT BAKER, F.LS,

.
ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE KEW HERBARIUM,

SECOND EDITION
LONDON:
ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY.
1874,

‘

*

@
QK523
HT

neg

Cox \ |

A 94-5670
WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS,

GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’ s-INN FIELDS,
LONDON, W.c.

PREFACE TO THE PRESENT EDITION.

HAVE endeavoured in this Edition to briefly characterize and fit into

their places the new discoveries and the plants found upon fuller
information to have been inadequately dealt with in the first. A con-
siderable number of new species have been described by Fée and others,
which are, in my view, mere forms or synonyms of plants already
inserted. It was never intended to make this Synopsis a resumé of
synonyms, because fern-synonyms are now so many that a mere catalogue
of names and references would fill a book far larger than this ; but by
far the greater part of the new names not cited here will be found to be
dealt with in a paper of mine on Binilinn Ferns in the Proceedings of
the Linnean Society, which is not printed yet, but I presume will be early

in vol, xiv.

J. G BAKER,

Kaw, April 28th, 1873.

MR. BAKER’S PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

—

Wuitst the sheet which terminates at page 48 was passing through the
press, Sir W. Hooker’s long career of botanical authorship was somewhat
unexpectedly terminated by his death. This is not the place to enlarge
upon the services which in many different ways he rendered to botanical
science, or to do more than allude to the regret which will be felt by many
who had waited for this long-planned work, that he was not spared to
complete it. I need only say that having been honoured by Dr. Hooker
with the request that I should carry it out, and having been entrusted by
him with the manuscript notes prepared by his father, and the copy of the
“Species Filicum” annotated in contemplation of this work, and having
had full access to the specimens from which the descriptions in the
“Species Filicum” were made, I have done my best to carry out this
“Synopsis” to a conclusion in strict accordance with the original plan.

The principal collection which we have received at. Kew since the original
preface was written is a beautiful series of the ferns of New Granada,
gathered by MM. Lindig and Triana, for which we have to thank the
authorities of the Paris Museum. This contained a considerable number
of new species, which were described by Professor Mettenius, whose loss
in the prime of life we have also had to deplore since the work was
commenced, For other novelties we have also to thank Lady Barkly,
Dr. Thwaites, and Mrs. Lyell. Partly in consequence of these additions,
we have been obliged to extend the work to ten parts instead of nine,
as was planned originally. The total number of species admitted and
described is 2,235.

A paper by myself, containing a summary of the leading features of
fern-geography, based upon this work, will appear in the part for 1868
(vol. xxvi. part i.) of the “Transactions of the Linnean Society.”

J. G, BAKER.
Kew, February, 1863,

SIR W. HOOKER’S PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

Tue Author, having recently compieted his “Species Filicum,”* now
offers to the public a “ Synopsis of all known Ferns,” which contains, besides
brief diagnoses of the species described more in detail in that work, together
with their geographical distribution as far as yet ascertained, such additions
and corrections as have come to his knowledge, together with an account
of the Sub-Orders OsmunpAcrE#, Scuiz#aces, MaraTTiIaAces, and Opuxto-
GLossAcEH. He does not, however, propose to include the Lycopodiacee,
Salviniacee, Marsileacecee, Isoetacee, and Hquisetacee, which differ much
from these, and it may be said from each other, and which have of late
engaged the study of several able monographers. He further intends to
depart from the scope of the “Species Filicum” in another point, which
requires a few words of explanation.

In the Introduction to the “Species Filicum,” the Author stated that he
had included in that work a considerable number of imperfectly described
species, of which he had seen neither specimens nor figures, solely because
they had been proposed by authors of reputation. These he now thinks
it desirable to omit. No doubt many are described under different names ;
of others there is no prospect of anything further being known; and of
all the characters are so vague, or imperfect, or prolix, that it is impossible
to define them by brief diagnostic characters, such as alone are suited to
the pages of a Synopsis.

After upwards of half a century, more or less continuously passed in the
study of Ferns in the richest Herbarium of that Order in the world (his
own), and latterly with the aid of the finest in cultivation (that of the
Royal Gardens of Kew) ; + and after the devotion of fully half that number

* In 5 vols, 8vo, with 300 plates representing upwards of 500 species,

+ The formation of this fine collection is mainly due to the exertions and ability of
Mr, John Smith, who for forty-three years held an important position among the officers
of the Royal Gardens. His knowledge of Ferns, and his writings upon them, justly
entitle him to rank among the most distinguished Pteridologists of the present day.

b

x SYNOPSIS FILICUM.

of years to the preparation and publication of the “Species Filicum” and
other works on the same subject, the Author feels satisfied that these
doubtful and imperfectly described species form the greatest obstacle to
any satisfactory advance in descriptive Pteridology.* He may, indeed, point
with satisfaction to the fact, that before he undertook his work their
number was many times greater than that still cumbering the volumes. But
there is little satisfaction in the reflection that for the identification of a
great majority the Author is indebted more to some happy accident, to the
possession of copious and varying suites of specimens, or to circumstances
connected with the history or locality of the species, than to their published
descriptions or to scientific evidence.

There have been two fruitful sources of these “bad species” :—the first,
the idea that geographical limits must limit the dispersion of species ; the
second, that any single characteristic, however minute, if only either con-
stant or prevalent in a given area, is of specific value. Such arbitrary
conclusions have led to the well-known Osmunda regalis receiving different
names in many different countries, and to the forms of our Aspidium
(Polystichum) aculeatum having even more names in our own country, and
still others in exotic regions. The errors arising from the first are corrected
as rapidly as botanical and geographical discoveries advance together ; but
it is not so with those due to the second source, for the difficulty of limiting
these variable species is so great, that it often becomes impossible to frame
such diagnoses as shall include all the varieties of one species, and exclude
the varieties of another closely allied species. In all these cases we must
trust to time and experience to test our conclusions ; and such difficulties
should teach us to look with indulgence on the views of those who differ in
opinion from ourselves.

The same remarks apply to the genera as to the species of Ferns; the
former having been, in the Author’s opinion, unnecessarily multiplied. It

* Tn connection with Fern history, Mr. Thomas Moore undertook the publication of
an extremely useful work under the title of “Index Filicum,” to consist of a Synopsis,
with characters of the genera, and an enumeration of the species of Ferns, with
synonyms, references, &c., &c., accompanied by excellent outline figures of the genera.
It is compiled with great industry and ability, and enumerates in an alphabetical
arrangement of the genera, from Acrophorus to Goniophlebium inclusive, 1,730 species of
true Ferns, The list of synonyms, both of genera and species, shows at a glance how
much Pteridologists have been at variance on these points. The species enumerated
in our “Species Filicum” amount to 2,401 ; according to Mr. Moore, the number of
known Ferns would be 2,482.

PREFACE. xi

is the case here as with other scientific systems; those are the best cha-
racters which lead to a knowledge of the object sought for in the nearest
and clearest way, keeping in view also as much as possible its natural
affinities. The difficulties certainly are greater in the cryptogams than
among the flowering plants, because their characters are fewer, and the
forms of their organs more variable as regards size and shape.

In regard to the genera, the publisher has judiciously desired that nine
plates should be devoted to their illustration. They are all drawn from
nature by the talented Mr. Fitch, F.L.8., and on the same plan as the
plates of Ferns in Hooker and Arnott’s late editions of the “ British
Flora.”

References are given to the volumes and pages of the “Species Filicum”
for fuller characters of the genera and species, as well as for figures, more
precise localities, and more copious observations ; and it is hoped that
the present volume will form a useful vade-mecum for the travelling
botanist and the cultivator of Ferns, and for ready consultation in the
Herbarium. :

The Author cannot close these introductory remarks without expressing
his acknowledgments to numerous friends and correspondents for their
valuable communications of specimens (often accompanied by notes) from
various parts of the world. Many of these are recorded under their habitats
(or localities) in his former work ; and a repetition of them would be out of
place in this. But space must still be found for the names of those persons
to whom we are indebted for the discovery of any new species, or any new
or interesting locality in connection with the geographical distribution of
plants.

The commencement of the Author’s formation of a Fern-Herbarium
dates as far back as 1811, with the correspondence of the illustrious Swartz,
only four years after the publication of his invaluable “ Synopsis Filicum ;”
a model for future works of the kind. It is, however, from comparatively
new and distant regions, which have been within the last half-century so
extensively explored by our men of science, that the most important collec-
tions have been derived, and to these botanists and travellers he is anxious
thus to express his obligations :—

From the Last Indies, including the Malay Peninsula and Islands :—
From Wallich, Buchanan, Hamilton, Hooker fil. and Thomson, Gideon
Thomson, Beddome, Lady Dalhousie, Anderson, Falconer, Jamieson, Edge-
worth, Sir Frederick Adam Jacquemont, Blume, Miquel, De Vriese,
Teijsmann, Sir William Norris, Thomas Lobb, Cuming, Wallace, Low,

xii SYNOPSIS FILICUM,

Hindes, Barber, Parish, Teschemacher, Motley, Millett, Wight, Stocks,
Helfer, McIvor.

Ceylon :—General and Mrs. Walker, Gardner, Thwaites, Emerson.

Pacific Islands :—Forster, Menzies, Chamisso, Beechey, Brackenridge,
Seemann, Vieillard and Deplanche and Lenormand (from WV. Caledonia),
Hillebrand, Rev. T. Powell, Milne and MacGillivray (in Denham’s
voyage), Sinclair, Bidwill, Harvey, Labillardiere, Macrae, Nightingale,
Barclay, Lay and Collie, Diell, Bennett, Douglas.

Africa, Hast and West, including the principal Jslands in the Atlantic,
and on the east side, such as Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles,
Johanna, &¢.:—Pappe and Rawson, Ecklon, Zeyher, Burke, Harvey,
Admiral Sir Fred. Grey, Telfair, Sir Henry and Lady Barkly, Bojer,
Ayres, Bouton, Carmichael, Kirk, Meller, Livingstone, Speke and Grant,
Mann, Barter (in Baikie’s exped.), the two Vogels, Webb, Lowe, Lyall,
Forbes, Petit- Thouars, Mund, Krauss, Saltzmann, Schimper, Miller,
Browne, Col. Blagrave, Gerrard, Villette, Atherstone, Sanderson, Suther- .
land, Melliss, Haughton, Gueinzius, Plant, Ansell, Curror, Hutton, Bowie,
Alexander Prior, Swinburne Ward (Seychelles).

China, Japan, and Formosa:—Brackenridge, Alexander, Hance, Vachell,
Oldham, Wilford, Champion, Urquhart, Loraine, Ringgold and Rogers,
C. Wright, Hodgson, Babington, Swinhoe, Taite.

South America, from Mexico to the extreme south of that continent,
including the West Indian Islands :—Swartz, Bancroft, Bertero, Poeppig,
Richard, Bridges, King, Jameson, Mathews, Skinner, Gardner, Sellow,
Tweedie, Galeotti, Imray, Hostmann, Linden, Martius, C. Wright, Chamisso,
Lockhart, Schiede and Deppe, Moricand, Guilding, Wiles, Parker, Sir
Hercules Robinson, Beyrich, Shach, Distin, Schomburgk, Appun, Raddi,
Macfadyen, Purdie, Boog, Salzmann, Hartweg, Wm. Lobb, Miers, Ruiz
and Pavon, Goudot, Humboldt, Blanchet, Burchell, Darwin, Le Prieur,
Tweedie, Vautier, Spruce, Consul Glennie, Swainson, Funck, Wilson,
Liebmann, L’Herminier, Claussen, Hindes, Jiirgensen, MacLean, Alex-
ander Prior, Moritz, Andrieux, Fendler, Schlim, Heward, Otto, Holton,
Jervisse, Sir Charles Bunbury, Philippi, Cuming, Lechler, March, Germain,
Hayes, Salvin and Godman, Cruickshanks.

North America, United States, Canada, and British Columbia, to the
extreme Arctic shores and Islands :—Pursh, Douglas, T. Drummond,
Bourgeau, Torrey, Short, Asa Gray, Peters, Menzies, Franklin, Parry,

Ross (uncle and nephew), Richardson, and various officers of all the
Government Arctic expeditions, Lyall, Booth, Scouler, Tolmie, Macoun,

PREFACE. xiit

Mrs. Percival, Eaton, Bigelow, Nuttall, Greene, Chapman, Bridges, Geyer,
Goldie.

Australia and New Zealand :—Brown, Miiller (including his own collec-
tions and those of the various Government explorations in Australia), Hill,
Sieber, C. Moore, Allan and Richard Cunningham, Gunn, Lawrence, Archer,
Backhouse, Harvey, Bynoe, Fraser, Js. Drummond, Heward, Simmons,
Beckler, Colenso, Dieffenbach, Edgerley, Sinclair, Lyall, Raoul, Haast,
Bidwill, Travers, Maling, Hector and Buchanan, Miss Nelson, Mrs. Jones,
Bolton, Menzies, Stephenson, Jolliffe, Munro, Robertson.

Many of the above explorers have sent collections from other countries
they have visited, besides those under which their names stand ; and it
should be observed that this list does not include the names of numerous
travellers who have rendered themselves useful by disposing of their
collections to botanists,

Roya Garvens, Kew,
April, 1865,

xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF WORDS OF FREQUENT
OCCURRENCE IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES.

BOTANICAL TERMS.

Grits aariex, from which arises the frond or stipes.
St.=stipes, or stipites, which support the frond.
Fr.=frond, or fronds.

Pinni.=pinnule, or pinnules.

Invol.=involucre, by many botanists called indusium.

Recept. =receptacle, that which bears the sori or capsules; prominent in most Cyathee ;
elongated and columnar, or even bristle-shaped, in Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes.

Caps. =capsule, or capsules.

Segm. =segment, segments, or lobes: often used indifferently ; but a segment generally
indicates a deeper or more elongated lobe.

Prim. =primary, or first division of a compoundly pinnate or pinnatifid frond ; thus
prim, div., or prim. pinna or pinnl.

Second. =secondary ; the second principal division, or pinna, of a frond,

MEASURES OF LENGTH.
Ft. =foot, or feet.
In. =inch, or inches.
lin. =line, js of an inch,
l,=long; thus, 1 in. 1, 1 ft.1.
w. br, =wide or broad ; thus, 1 line w. or 1 in, br.

AUTHORS’ NAMES AND THEIR WORKS.

W.= Willd.=Willdenow. Thus, W. Sp.=Willdenow’s Species Plantarum.
‘i teeta generally, unless when otherwise mentioned, referring to his Synopsis
icum,
Schk. =Schkuhr, as Schk. F.=Schkuhr’s Filices.
Kz, in Schk. =Kunze, in Schk. Fil. Suppl.
Hk, Sp.= Hooker, Species Filicum.
Hk. et Gr. F.= Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum.
Hk. Ic. = Hooker, Icones Plantarum.

Hk. Cent. F.= Hooker's Century of Ferns, which corresponds with vol. 10 of Icones
Plantarum.

Hk, F. Ex. =Wooker’s Filices Exotica.
Hk. G. F.=Hooker’s Garden Ferns.
Ak, 2d. Cent. F.=Hooker’s 2d, Century of Ferns.

Hab.=habitat, or locality, indicating the native country of the species.

Names of countries are so commonly abbreviated in descriptive Botany, that they
searcely need explanation: NV. Am.=North America, S. Am.=South America, &c. &c.
Malaya=Malay Islands and Archipelago. “India” generally implies the British pos-
sessions of the mainland, exclusive of N. Ind.—North India, chiefly comprising the
Himalayan range, and exclusive of the Indian islands. Mex.=Mexico, Pacif.=Islands
of the Pacific, unless otherwise expressed, &c. &c.

TABLE OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA. 9

TABLE or tHe ARRANGEMENTS OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA OF THE
TRUE FERNS In THE FOLLOWING PAGES, WITH REFERENCES TO
tHE NUMBERING OF EACH GENUS, AND TO THE FIGURES OF THE
GENERA ON THE PLaTEs.

°
Orv. FILICES. Guy. 1—75. Tas. I.—IX.

Suz-Orv. I. GLEICHENIACEA Gry. 1.* Platyzoma. Tas. I. f. 1.
Gin. 2. Gleichenia. Tas. I. f. 2.

Sos-Orv. II. POLYPODIACEA, Gen, 3-61. Tap. I. fi 3-12, and
Tas. II.-VIII. f£ 61,

A. Invotucrata, Gary. 3-47. Sori furnished with an involucre,
Alsophila excepted. Tas, I. f. 3-12, Tas. II.-V. f. 43-47,

Trips I. Cyatuna. Gen. 3. Thyrsopteris. Tan. I. f. 3. Gen. 4. Cyathea.
Tas. J. f. 4. Gun. 5. Hemitelia. Tap. I. f. 5. Gry. 6. Alsophila,
Tas. I. f. 6. Gen. 7. Diacalpe. Tas. I. f. 7, Gen. 8, Matonia.
Tas. I. f. 8.

Tripe II. Dicxsonies. Gey. 9. Onoclea. Tap. J. f. 9. Gen. 10. Hypo-
derris, Tas. I. f. 10. Gm. 11. Woodsia. Tas. I. ff 11. Grn. 12.
Spheropteris. Tas. I. f. 12. Gey. 13. Dicksonia. Tas. II. f. 13.
Gen. 14. Deparia. Tas. IT. f. 14. ;

Trise III]. Hymenopuyitem. Gey. 15. Loxsoma. Taz. IT. f. 15. Guy.
16. Hymenophylium. Pas. IT. f.16. Gen, 17. Trichomanes. Tas. II.
GAT.

TripeE LV. Davatiire. Gen. 18, Davallia. Tas. IT. f 18. Gen, 19.
Cystopteris. Tas. IT. f. 19.

Trize V. Linpsavex. Gen. 20. Lindsaya. Taz. II. f. 20. Gen. 20 bis,
Dictyoxiphium. Tas. IT. f. 20, 6. ¢

Trize VI. Preripez. Gen. 21. Adiantum. Tas. IT. f 21. Gen. 22.
Ochropteris. Tas. IJ. f. 22. Guy. 23. conchitis, Tas. IT. fi 23,
Gen. 24. Hypolepis. Tan. II. f 24. Guy. 25. Cheilanthcs. Tan, IIT.
f. 25. Gun. 26. Cassebeera. Tas, III. f 26. Gey. 27. Onychiun.
Tas. III. £.27. Gun. 28. Llavea. Tap. IIT. £28. Gus. 29. Cryyta-
gramme. Tap. III. f. 29. Gen. 30. Pellea. Tas. ITT. f. 30. Gen,
31. Pteris. Tas. TIT. f. 31. Gun. 32. Ceratoptevis. Tan. III. fi 32.
Gen. 33. Lemaria. Tan. 11D f 33,

* The numbering which precedes each genus corresponds with the number of the
genus in the following pages ; and it may be observed that the same numbering cor-
responds with the respective compartments on the plates, the compartments bearing
the same numeral as that of the genus. .

B

10 TABLE OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA.

‘Tripe VII. Buecunrm. Gen. 34, Blechnum. Tas. IV. f. 34. Gauw. 35,
Sadleria. Tan. IV. f 35. Guy. 36. Woodwardia. Tas. IV. f. 36.
Gew.'37. Doodia. Tap. IV. f. 37. 4

Trine VIII. Asprenies. Gen, 38. Asplenium. Tab. IV. f. 38. Gen, 39.
Allantodia. Tas. IV. f. 39, Gun. 40. Actiniopteris. Tan. IV, f. 40.

Tripe LX. Sconorenprizs#. Gen. 41, Scolopendrium. Tas. IV. f. 41.

Trine X. Aspipiea. Gen. 42. Didymochlena. Tan. IV. f. 42. Gen.
43, Aspidium (including Sagenia). Taz. V. f. 43. Gen. 44. Nephro-
dium. Taz. V. f. 44. Gun. 45. Nephrolepis. Tas. V. f. 45. Gen.
46. Oleandra. Tap. V. f. 46. Gen. 47. Fadyenia. Tas. V. f. 47.

B. Exinvotucrata. Sori destitute of involucre. Gen. 48-61.
Tas. V. f. 48, Tas, VI.-VIII. f. 49-61.

Trips XI. Potypopirz. Gen. 48. Polypodium. Tas. V. f. 48,

Trips XII. Gramitipes, Gen. 49. Jamesonia. Tas. VIL£ 49. Gen,
50. Nothochlena. Tap. VI. £50. Gen. 51. Monogramme. Tas. VI.
f.51. Gey, 52, Gymnogramme. Tas. VI. f. 52.. Gen. 53. Brainea.
Tas. VI. f. 53. Guy. 54. Meniscium. Tas. VI. f 54. Gen. 55.
Antrophyum. Tap, VI. f. 55. Gen. 56. Vittaria. Tas. VI. f. 56.
Gen. 57. Tenitis. Tas. VI. £. 57. Gen. 58. Drymoglossum. Tas. VI.
f. 58. Gun. 59. Hemionitis. Tas. VI. f 59.

Trips XIII. Acrosticurm, Gen. 60, Acrostichum. Tan. VIE. and Tas.
VIII. f. 60. Gen. 61. Platycerium. Tas. VIII. f. 61.

Sus-Orp. III. OOSMUNDACEA. Gen. 62. Osmunda. Tas. VIII. f. 62.
Gxn. 63. Todea. Tas, VIII. f. 63. :

.. Bus-Orp. IV. SCHIZAUACEAL. Gan. 64. Schizwa. Tas. VIII. f. 64.
Gen, 65. Anemia, Tas. VIII. f. 65. Gen. 66. Mohria. Tas. VIIL. £. 66.
Gen, 67. Trochopteris. Tas. VIII. f. 67. Gey. 68. Lygodiumn. Tas. IX.
f. 68.

Sus-Orp. V. MARATTIACEA, Gey. 69. Angiopteris, Tan. IX. f. 69.
Gen. 70. Marattia. Tas. IX. f. 70. Gun. 71, Daneea. Tas. IX, f. 71.
Gen. 72. Kaulfussia. Tan. TX. f 72,

Svus-Orp. VI.OPHIOGLOSSACEAI, Gen. 73. Ophioglossum. Tan, IX.
f. 73. Gxn, 74, Helminthostachys. Tan. 1X. f. 74. Gun. 75. Botry-
chium, Tas, TX. f. 75. 4

1, PLatyzoMA, 2, GLEICHENIA, § EUGLEICHENIA, 11

Orv. FILICES. Ferns.

Capsules (sporangia) 1-celled, usually membranaceous and dorsal, or marginal,
encircled by a complete or incomplete, jointed, elastic ring, collected in clusters
(sort) of a definite but varied form, with or without a covering (énvolucre, often
called indusium) ; or panicled or even spicate, rarely laxly scattered ; or the
capsules have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex of the
capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown, bursting vertically ; or
the capsules are sunk in a many-celled, fleshy or corky receptacle of varied forms,
opening by pores or clefts on the upper surface. Spores minute, various in form.
—Vernation generally circinate, rarely erect. Gun. 1-75. ‘las, 1-IX. Fig. 1-75.

Sus-Orp. I. GLEICHENIACEA, Br.

Sori dorsal, of few (2-10) capsules. Capsules opening vertically, surrounded by
a broad, transverse, complete ring. Invol. O.—Caud. mostly creeping. St. often
dichotomous. Fronds rigid, generally large and dichotomously branched, frequently
beariug awillary buds, Vernation circinate. (Gun. 1,2.) Tas. I. f. 1, 2.

Gen. 1. Puatyzoma, Br.

Sori of few sessile caps. (“mixed with a pulverulent substance,” Br.), arising
from the apex of simple veindets, and concealed by tbe singularly revolute mar-
gins of the pinnee.—Caudex creeping, beautifully sericeo-paleaceous. Stipites tufted.
—Fronds 8 in. to 1 ft. 1., pinnated, with small, coriaceous, cucullate pinne, scarcely
liinel. Tan. I. f. 1.

1. P. microphylium, Br.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 2.
Hab. Trop, and subtrop. Australia.—A genus too nearly allied to Gleichenia.

Gen, 2. GuEIcHENIa, Sm. (see Appendix, p. 449).

Sori of few (2-4 rarely 5-10) sessile caps., situated on a lower exterior veinlet.
—Caud. mostly creeping. Fr. rarely unbranched, generally dichotomously divided,
ofien proliferous from the axils of the forks ; pinne deeply pinnatifid, with the seg-
ments small and concave, suborbicular, or pectinate with elongated lobes. Tan. I.f. 2.

§ Eugleichenia. Sori solitary at the apex of a veinlet on the superior base of a
lobe ; lobes of the pinne small, suborbicular. Sp. 1-6.

1. G. (Eugl.) moniliformis, Moore; caud. slender, substipitiform, erect, branched ;
st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1.; 7. coriaceous, 8-12 in. 1., 3 in. br., linear, deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes numerous, broad, concave beneath; sor? solitary, mixed with ferruginous
hairs.—Stromatopteris, ett. in Ann. Sc. N. 1861, p. 84. t. 3.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, n. 1571.—A very remarkable species, but scarcely
differing from the present genus.

2. G. (Eugl.) polypodioides, Sm. ; lobes of the pinne ovate, Jaucous beneath ;
caps. 8-4, sunk in a cavity forming a flat-topped sorus.—Schk. Ff. t. 149; Hk.
Sp.1.p.3. G. glauca, Sw. (non Ak, Sp. 1. p. 4).

Hab, 8. Afr. ; Cape Colony (north to Angola, Welwitsch).

3. G. (Eugl.) circinata, Sw.; lobes of the pinne ovate or subrotund (most so
when fertile), more or less glaucous beneath, the margins slightly recurved ; caps.
3-4, superficial, branches and rachis glabrous, or more or less clothed with chatty
pubescence.—G. microphylla, Br. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 3. G. Spelunce, Br. Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 2.6.1. B.; Guill. Ic. Pl. Austr. t. 12. G. semivestita, Lab. Sert. N. Cal. t. 113
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 8. t. 2. A (vachises and young fr. very paleaceo-pubescent).

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, N. Zeal., N. Caledonia, Malacca.

12 2. @LEICHENIA, § MERTENSIA,

4, G. (Eugl.) rupestris, Br.; glabrous, lobes of the pinnae rounded or obtusely
subquadrangular, coriaceous, the margins thickened and recurved, subglaucous
beneath ; soré of 8-4 caps., superficial Hh. Sp. 1. p. 2. ¢. 1. B.

Hab. Port Jackson and N. W. Austral., Mueller.—Too near, I fear, to @. circinata.

5. G. (Eugl.) Bory, Kze.; small; fr. subelliptical, 4 in. 1. by 3 in. br.
bipinnate ; prim. pinne 4, subopposite, ultimate pair constituting a fork ; terminal
pinnl. elongate; lobes of the ultimate pinnw very small, 7 in. L, suborbicular-
concave, glaucous beneath ; soré of few caps., mixed with copious ferruginous
wool.— Kaze. in Schk. t. 70. f. 1.

* Hab. Bourbon, Bory.

6. G. (Eugl.) dicarpa, Br. ; lobes of the pinne round, subhemispherical, very
fornicate ; caps. about 2, concealed within the almost slipper-shaped lobes, and
mixed with ferruginous paleacéous hairs, which often extend to the rachis.—A7&.
Sp.1. p. 3.4.1. C.and #. Ex. t. 40.—B, alpina; generally smaller and more
compact, rachis and young shoots ferruginous, with paleaceous wool. G. alpina,
Br. Hk. e& Gr. F.t. 58; Hook. Sp.1.p. 2. G. hecistophylla, A. Cunn. Hk.
Sp.l.p.4.t.2. B. G. vuleanica, Bl. Hk. Sp.l.p. 4. .

Hab. Australia and Tasmania, frequent. Isle of Pines, Denham. N. Cal. Viedilard.
—P High mountains, Tasmania, N, Zealand, Malay Isles (@. vulcanica, B1.).

§§ Mortensia, Sort near the middle of, or at the forking of, the veinlets, the ulti-
mate pinnc periinate ; segut. linear or oblong, rarely subovate, much longer than in the
preceding section. St. forked, or, from the development of an axillary bud, prolife-
rous and pinnated ; pinne very long and pinnated ; pinnl. deeply pinnatifid. Sp.
7-21. Mecosorus, Hassk.

* Stipes forked, branched, and copiously bipinnate. Sp. 7.

7. G. (Mert.) longissima, Bl.; large, often many ft. long; st. stout, forked ;
branches very long, bearing numerous close-placed pinne 4-6-8 in. L, 1-2 in. br.,
deeply pinnatifid to the rachis; the segm. linear, acuminated, or oblong, paler or
more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous, or (especially when found at great eleva-
tions) densely ferrugineo-tomentose, and very paleaceous on the st. rachis and
young shoots ; caps. 3-5, often mixed with hairs.—Hz. Sp. 1.p.4. G. glauca,
Hk, Sp. 1. p. 4. t. 3. B., not Sw. M. glabra, Brack. G. gigantea, Wall. in Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 5.t.8. A. G.excelsa, J. Sm. Hk. Sp.1.p.5.t.4.B. G. Bancroftii, Zz,
Sp.1.p.5.t.4. A. M, pinnata, Kze.—BG, arachioides, frond cobwebby. G. arach-
noides, Met. in Ann, Bot. L, Bat. 1. p.47. G. bullata; Moore.

Hab, China and Japan, common, and mostly very glaucous beneath ; Bengal, Malay
Islands and Peninsula, Sandwich Isles, W. Indies, N. Grenada, Mexico, and Guatemala.
—B, Borneo, elev. 7,000 ft., Low. Java, Blume, De Vriese.—My copious specimens from
the above docalities quite satisfy me that the supposed species enumerated are trifling
modifications of one and the same ; glauca is the oldest specific name,

** Fr, dichotomous (rarely simple); pinnatifid ; in other words, the leafy or
frondose portion is not confined to the forked apices, but is decurrent upon the
branched portion of the st. Sp. 8-21. 7

8. G. (Mert.) flabellata, Br.; fr. very proliferous ; branches dichotomously
flabelliform, submembranaceous ; pinne ascending, a span and more L, 1-2 in.
br., lanceolate, subcaudato-acuminate, closely pectinato-pinnatifid ; segm. linear,

> suberecto-patent.— Hk. Sp.1.p.6. Hkh. F. Hz. t. 71. :

Hab. N. to S. Australia and Tasmania ; N. Zealand ; N. Cal., Vieillard.

9.~G. (Mert.) tenera, Br.; “fr. dichotomous, proliferous; branches lanceolate
pinnatifid ; pinnae (segm.) linear, entire, divaricated, slightly hairy ; rachés scaly,
caps. 8-5, inserted, sessile,” Br.— Hh. Sp. 1. p. 6.

Hab. Tasmania.—What I suppose to be this, is probably a small and young form of G. fla-
bellata with shorter and more spreading segm., and is slightly and partially villous and scaly.

2. GLEICHENIA, § MERTENSIA. 13

10. G. (Mert.) Cunninghami, Hew.; st. and coste beneath hairy and deci-
duously scaly; fr. often proliferous, coriaceous; branches dichotomously flabel-
liform, glaucous beneath, and hairy ; pinne linear-lanceolate, acuminate, often
falcate, 4-6 in.1., 3-1 in. br. 5 segm. linear, acute ; caps. 2-4ina sorus.—H&, Sp. 1.
p.6.t.6.B. Hk. fil. N. Zeal, 2. t. 71,

Hab. N, Zealand.

11. G. (Mert.) umbraculifera, Moore ; st. and rachzs deciduously tomentose and
subpaleaceous ; /r. often proliferous, flaccido-coriaceous ; branches dichotomously
flabelliform, scarcely glaucous beneath; pinne 4-6 in. 1., lin. br., lanceolate,
subcaudato-acuminate, pectinato-pinnatifid ; Jobes narrow-linear ; sort of 3-5
caps.—Mertensia, Kze. in Linn, 18. p. 114.

Hab. S, Africa.—Perhaps too near G. Cunninghami of N. Zealand.

12. G. (Mert.) pedalis, Klfs.; st. and rachis with deciduous, chaffy scales; fr.
often proliferous ; branches dichotomously flabelliform, subcoriaceous, yellow-
green when dry ; pimne linear-lanceolate, spreading or recurved, 4-6 in. ]., 3-3in.
br., deeply pinnatifid, oblong-ovate, subglaucous beneath, horizontal, the margins
scarcely recurved ; sori of 2-4 caps.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 6. f. 8. B.

Hab. Chili, as far south as Valdivia ; Juan Fernandez, Bertero,

13. G. (Mert.) eryptocarpa, Hk.; glabrous; fr. proliferous, coriaceous, deep
yellow or yellow-brown when dry ; branches dichotomously flabelliform; pinne
broad-lanceolate, suberect and compact, 4-5in.1., 1 in. br., pectinato-pinnatifid ;
segm. narrow-linear, strongly veined, the margins singularly revolute, concealing
the sori ; caps. 1-4 in a sorus.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 7. ¢ 6. Ae

Hab. 8. Chili and Chiloe ; Falkland Islands,

14. G. (Mert.) guadripartita, Hk.; fr. coriaceous, black when dry, rufous-
brown beneath, and there deciduously chaffy on the coste, not proliferous, only
once forked ; each branch flabelliformly dichotomous ; pinn@ lanceolote, acumi-
nate, falcately curved, pectinato-pinnatifid, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br.; /obes narrow-
linear, subfalcate, sharply acute, the margins a little recurved; caps. 1-3 in a
sorus.—Mertensia, Poir. G. acutifolia, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 7. t. 8. A.

Hab. Straits of Magellan, Port Famine.—Very dark-coloured, quite black above when
dry, red-brown beneath, remarkable in not being proliferous. This and the three pre-
ceding species have a strong family resemblance, and a very compact habit ; yet each
seems to be uniform in its respective characters.

15. G. (Mert.) revoluta, H. B. K.; st. and rachis paleaceous, especially beneath ;
Jr. repeatedly dichotomous, rarely proliferous, rigid, subcoriaceous (gemme often
foliaceous) ; pinnae linear-acuminate, 5-7 in, 1., 3-3 in. br., deeply pinnatifid,
much and laxly divaricated and falcate ; dobes ovate, horizontal, obtuse with the
margin recurved, subglaucous beneath ; caps. 2-4.—Hk. Sp. 1. p.7.t.7. A. M.pru-
inata, Mart, (Kze.). M. subflabellata, Brack. (Moore).

Hab. Andes of Quito, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Humboldt. Brazil (Klotzsch in Herb. nostr.).
Brackenridge? Summit of the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, Purdie.—My authentic speci-
men of MV. subflabellata, Brack., is more glabrous, and has slenderer and less divaricating
pinne than true revoluta,

16. G. (Mert.) simplex, Hk.; st. subpaleaceous, undivided ; /r. simple, linear-
lanceolate, pectinato-pinnatifid, acuminate at the apex, or, if undeveloped there,
sericeo-paleaceous (rarely, in that state, with circinate heads), 6-14 in. L, 4-1 in.
br. ; lowest segm. free, all obliquely patent, from a broad base linear-oblong, glau-
cous beneath; caps. 2-4, mixed with rufous hairs.—Hé. Ic. Pl.1. t. 92. Sp. pel.

Hab. Andes of Quito‘and Peru,

17. GACT pubes, TLU.1x.; st. and rachises often paleaceous or woolly ;
tranches ws tue jr, repeated; dichotomous, subcoriaceous, leafy; pinne 5 in. to

14 2, GLEICHENIA, § MERTENSIA,

2 ft. 1, 1-2 in. br., pectinato-pinnatifid, clothed with cobwebby, deciduous
pubescence, generally ferruginous beneath ; segm. spreading, linear, obtuse or
retuse ; caps. 2-5, often concealed among the pubescence.—HHé. Sp.1.p.8. M.im-
mersa, K/f. Hk. et Grev. Ic. F. t.15 (excellent), Gl. tomentosa, Sw. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 13.
—A more or less glabrous. M: furcata, Sw. G. Mathewsii, Hh. Sp. p.9.t. 7. B.
M. farinosa, Kif. Hk. Sp. p. 9.—y longipinnata ; pinne 2 ft. 1, 3 in. wide.
G. longipinnata, H&. Sp.1.p. 9, M. grandis, £ée, in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Tropical America, abundant; very variable in the more or less decurrent lobes
_ Of the frgnd, and in the presence or absence of tomentum and scales.

18. G.(Mert:) owhkyhensis, Hk.; st. above much compressed, aud winged with
2 elevated ciliated lateral lines ; fronds subcoriaceous, 3-4,times or more dicho-
tomous, leafy ; pinnee lanceolate, acuminate, a span to 1 ft. 1., 2-25 in. w.; segm.
liar, horizontal, tapering and acute, cobwebby on the costa and veins beneath ;
caps. 2-4.—Hk. Sp.1.p.9. Mert. Hawaiensis, Brack. Fil. U.S. Expl. Exp.p.295.

Hab. Owhyhee. Macrue, Brackenridge.

19. G. (Mert.) fagellaiis, Spr. ; branches of the fr. glabrous, repeatedly dicho-
jomous; copiously fulaceous, glabrous;often glaucous beneath, subcoriaceo-mem-
branaceous ; pinne erecto-patent or divaricating, extremely variable, broad- or
harrow- or linear-lanceolate, 5-6 in. to a ft. and more 1.; segm. 3-2 in. and more L.,
linear, sometimes ferrugineo-tomentose at the base beneath; caps. 2-4.—Hk. Sp.1.
ae Mertensia, Bory. G. levigata, W. Hk. Sp,1. p. 10. G. bifurcata, 20.

. Sp. 1. p. 11. Mert. plumeformis, Pr. Epim. p. 24. t.15 (ver¥good). G. brac-
teata, Bl. in Hb, Hook. (axillary gemine pectinato-bracteated ; branches of the fr.
contracted). 7 F

a pba :
Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Madagascar ; Java and Malay Islands, abundant ; Fiji,
Milne.—The Malayan form of this is very large and rigid, yet the ramification and the
copious foliaceous branches are the same as in the Mauritian and Madagascar form.

20. G. (Mert.) hévta, Bl.; “jr. chartaceous when dry, opaque, green above,
beneath cxruleo-pruinate (very glaucous on the rachise and coste), together
with the (small) gemme densely paleaceous with ferruginous, lanceolate scales,
paler at the margin and ciliated, at length bare on the cost, many times dicho-
tomous ; branches adscendenti-flabellate ; prim. ones 1 in. 1., nudate; second. ones
14 in. 1, subnudate; tertiary ones subelongate ; wit. ones (or pinne) 7-9 in. 1.,
_ standing at an angle of 80°, linear, gradually attenuated, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes

8 in. 1., 1} in. br. (oblong-) linear, obtuse, slightly curved, the margin revolute,
the sides entire, the apex denticulate ; veins lax, slender ; sord between the costa
and the margin, of 8-5 caps.” Mett—Hk. Sp. 1.p.11. Mett. in Mig. Ann. Mus,
Bot. L, Bat. 1. p, 48. ;

Hab. Malay Islands, Reinwardt, Sir W. Norris.—It is but recently that I have re-
ceived specimens of this from Sir W. Norris, but unfortunately all sterile ones,

21. G. (Mert.) vestita, Bl.; “ fr. chartaceous or subcoriaceous, dark opaque-
green above, pruinose beneath, ferruginously fimbriato-paleaceous an the rachises,
cost, and gemme, many times dichotomous ; if. branches 1-2 in. 1., subdivergent ;
ult. ones (or pinne) 6-8 in. 1., all deeply pinnatitid ; segm. approximate, patent, 4-5
lines 1., 25 lines br., oblong, or ovato-oblong, rather obtuse or shortly apiculate,
entire; gemme pinnatifidly bracteated; veins lax, evident beneath, prominent above;
caps. 5, large.” Mett.—Hk. Sp.1.p.10. Mett.in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. p. 48.

Hab. Malay Islands, Blume, Van Hasselt.—I possess authentic specimens of this
from Blume, quite glaucous beneath ; those from Gedé (Van Hasselt) are not at all
glaucous. Blume notices its close affinity with @. levigata, which we unite with G. flagel-

laris. It is a stouter.growing plant, with broader and shorter segments. Mettenius, with
equal justice, says it is almost to be looked upon as a large form of @, revoluta (n. 15),
with large and less ciliated chaffy scales and more distinct veins.

§§§ Stipes zigzag, branched ; branches bearing from 1-8 pairs of forked divari-
cating pinne; segments never decurrent. Sp. 22. a

3. THYRSOPTERIS. 15

22. G. (Mert.) pectinata, Pr. (character given in the se¢tion).—G. glaucescens,
A.B. RK. Hk. Sp. ..p. li. Mevtensia Hermanni, Hk. ¢ Gr. Ir. Ft. 14 (excel,
synonyms).

Hab. Tropical S. America, common everywhere.—The only species of this section, and
not to be confounded with any other. Glabrous or pubescent beneath, very frequently
glaucous. Sori of 8-10 capsules. :

§ 4. Stipes zigzag, repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing
a pair of forked pinne : a distinct pair of pinne also arises from the base of the
Sorked branches (not of the frond). Segments never decurrent. Sp. 23.

23. G. (Mert.) dichotoma, Willd. (character given in the section).—Hz&. Sp. 1.
12. G. Hermanni, Br. (not Hk. & Gr.). Besides the many synonyms given in
p. Fil. Zc, [may add M. pteridifolia, Pr. Epim. p. 23. t. 14 (a terminal fork

only); M. rufinervis, Mart. Hk. Sp.1.p.11. G. Klotzschii, H£. Sp. 1. p. 13.
t.5. B. M. revoluta, K7. Hb. nostr. (not of H. B.K.). M. crassifolia, Pr. Lpim.
p-23.t.18. G. ferruginea, Bl. (not Desv.). Hk. Sp.1.p.10. Met. in Mig. Ann.
Mus. Bot. L. Bat.1.p.50. M. emarginata, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p.297.t. 42.
(very ferrugineo-tomentose beneath, and with the segments often emarginate ;
as they are in the glabrous var. of G. dichotoma).

Hab. Tropical and subtropical regions, almost universal, in the New and in the Old
Worlds ; Pacific Islands, and as far north as Japan.—As G. pectinata is a solitary species
of its section, so is G. dichotoma of the present one. Besides being most extensively
geographically distributed, it is very variable in the size of the pinnz and in the shape
of the segments, and in being more or less glabrous or densely tomentose beneath, green
or glaucous, and very variable in the ‘texture of the frond: but the pairs of accessory
pinne at the base of a fork are invariably present. There are also abnormal or
aberrant forms. Among them I have specimens with lobes of the pinnz free (pin-
nules) and more or less deeply pinuatifid, from Penang and Java. I have others from
Java, which Mettenius (Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat.) calls var. alternans, in which the
primary divisions of the stipes are scarcely dichotomous, but alternate, ‘ frondes
inzequaliter dichotomz.”—In regard to size, some of the pinnz are 1-1 ft. 1., and some
are 6 in. br. Occasionally, the lowest pair of lobes is much elongated, reflected, and
pinnatifid.

Sus-Orp, IT. POLYPODIACEZA.

Sori dorsal or marginal, subglobose, of many capsules, with or without an involucre,
usually pedicellate, more or less completely surrounded with a jointed vertical and
elastic ring, and bursting transversely (except in Hymenophyllee). Trigg I.—XIII.
Gen. 3-61. Tas. I. f. 3-12, and Tas. I—-VIII. f. 13-61, inclusive.

A.Invotucrata. Sori furnished with an involucre (except in Alsophila).
Trips I.-VIII. Gen. 3-47.

Trine I. CrarHes.

Sort dorsal, globose, often at or near the forking of a vein. Caps. numerous, often
very compact, sessile or stalked, generally.on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with
hairs, obovate, usually with a broad, vertical, or palin js elastic ring. Invol. (want-
ing in Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale on the
under side of thesorus, or cup-shaped, often, when young, enveloping thesorus, eventually
opening at the summit, or breaking down, with a more or less regular margin.—Caud.
very generally arborescent. Tropical or subtropical. GEN. 3-8. ;

Gen. 3. Toyrsopreris, Kze.

Sori globose; marginal, collected into a panicle distinct from the sterile pinne.
Caps. sessile, on a globose receptacle. Jnvol. inferior, cup-shaped, the mouth entire.
—Fronds decompound, sterile portions bipinnate, with | late, incised pinnules ;
aoe ee 3-pinnate, of which each pinnule becomes a raceme of stalked involucres.

AB. 1. f. 3.

16 4. CYATHEA,

1. T. elegans, Kze., in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 8.t.1, Hk, Sp. 1. p. 8.

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Bertero.—A solitary and very rare Fern. I remove this genus
to the Tribe Cyathew, to which, I think, it has a closer affinity than to Dicksonice.

Gen. 4. CyaTHEA, Sm. (see p. 450),

Soré on a vein, or in the axil of the forking of a vein. Lecept. elevated, globose,
or elongated. Invol. globose, inferior, covering the whole sorus, afterwards break-
ing at the summit and forming a more or less persistent cup, even or irregular at
the margin.—Arborescent, tropical or subtropical. St. often aculeated. Fronds
simple or pinnate, or decompoundly pinnate, Tas. I. f. 4.

* Fronds undivided. Sp. 1.

1. C. sinuata, Hk. & Gr.; caud, slender, erect, 2-4 ft. 1.5 fr. simple, 2-3 ft. 1.,
1-24 in. w., elongato-lanceolate, sinuated at the margin, acuminate, tapering into
a short stipes at the base.—Hh. Sp. 1.p.15; and Gard. F.t. 21. Thw. En, Pl. Cey.

p. 896.

Hab. Wooded mountains, Ceylon, rare; most abundant in the Singhe-rajah Forest.—
Tf not among the smallest, certainly among the most elegant and graceful of Cyatheaceous
plants, and the only one we know with quite simple fronds. A native only of Ceylon,

*® Fronds pinnate, Sp. 2, 3.

2. C. Brunonis, Wall. ; fr. large, pinnate, glossy ; pinnee 8-14 in. L, oblong-:
lanceolate, finely acuminate.—Hé. Sp. p.15; Gen. Ft. 2.

Hab. Malay Islands, frequent.—Caudex unknown to me.

8. C. Hookeri, Thw.; small but arborescent ; caud. 14 in. thick; sé. short,
black, muricated at the base and subpaleaceous; fr. coriaceo-membranaceous,
2-8 ft. 1., 4-5 in. w., elongato-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex s
pinne from a broad base auricled on both sides, sublinear-lanceolate, acuminate,
subsessile, coarsely dentato-pinnatifid, more or less entire towards the apex 5. veins
pinnated ; sor? dorsal on the veins or in the lower axils; invol. breaking into
irregular lobes.— Thw. En. Pl. Cey. p. 896.

Hab. Forest of Singhe Rajah, Ceylon, Thwaites, C. P. 3722.—A very distinct and

peculiar species.
%** Fronds decompoundly pinnate.t Sp. 4-55.

+ Species of tropical America, Sp. 4-24,

4. C. arborea, Sm.; unarmed or copiously prickly, often strongly so at the
base of the st. ; st. and rachis pale brown, or dark purple, or black ; fr. ample,
bipinnate ; second. pinne 5-8 in. 1., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or
again pinnate ; lobes or pinni. oblong, subfalcate, serrated, paler beneath ; énvol.
chartaceous, pale or dark brown, exactly cup-shaped in maturity, with a beautifully
even margin.— HA, Sp. 1. p.17.—Vavr. pallida ; st., rachis, and invol. pale-coloured.
C. elegans, Hew. C. Grevilleana, Mart. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 22. C. minor, Lag.

Hab. W. Ind. Islands ; most abundant in Jamaica, both varieties. Brazil, Pohi.—
I have again examined with great care the two states of this plant, and am only the
more confirmed in my opinion that they constitute but one species,

_ +t The three preceding species are readily enough distinguished by the undivided or
simply pinvated structure of the frond, combined with other peculiarities ; but it is far
otherwise with those which follow, whose fronds are more compoundly divided, which
present a much greater similarity one with another, and of which, on account of their
frequently gigantic size, we rarely receive other than mere fragments, telling nothing
of their arborescent trunks or caudices, and rarely of their stipites, which often present
useful characters, J am unable to offer any better sections or subdivisions than according
to the countries they inhabit.

4. CYATHEA 17

5. C. Serra, W.; sf. thicker than one’s finger, more or less muricated (as well
as the rachis), densely paleaceous with large whitish scales 1-14 in. 1.; jr.
bipinnate ; pinnl. lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, 6-8 in. ]., lanceolate, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid ; Jobes linear-oblong, acute, serrated, falcate, glabrous ; rachis
and coste slightly hairy ; sor? generally covering the whole of the lobes; énrol.
very thin and membranaceous, at length forming a-shallow cup, entire or more
or less torn at the margin.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 17. t. 9. A.

Hab. W. Indies, Brazil, Mexico. — Guatemala?, Salvin d+ Godman (not at all
muricated).

6. C. insignis, Eat. ; st. very paleaceous at the base, with long, glossy, subulate
scales ; fr. ample, coriaceous, glabrous, dark-green, glaucous beneath, all the
rachises and coste beneath muricated ; prim. pinne 8 ft. 1.5; second. ones 7-8
in. L, 3-3 in. w., elongato-oblong, finely acuminated, sessile, pinnatifid nearly to
the costa ; lobes oblong-falcate, obtuse, quite entire, the margin slightly reflexed;
sori copious ; invol. firm-membranaceous, cinnabar-brown, sub-pruinose (with a
glaucous tint), often breaking down into 4 subequal valves.— Eat. in Fil. Wright,
&@ Fendl. p. 215. C. princeps, J. Sm. C. Bourgei, Fourn,

Hab. Jamaica, on St. Catharine’s Peak; elev. 5,000 ft., Wilson, n. 716. Cuba,
Wright, 1.1064. Mexico, Bourgeau. Vera Cruz, Salrin.—A fine species, quite free
from scales, except in the stoutest portion of the stipes I possess, where there are
traces of long subulate glossy dark-brown ones, free from hairs ; fronds glaucous beneath,
and with very peculiar involucres.

7. C. Tussacit, Desv. ; st. and rachis pale or dark-brown, sparsely tuberculato-
asperous, beneath and on the coste and costules more or less copiously clothed
with ferruginous down and scurfy with small, laciniated, often bullate scales ;
fr. subcoriaceous, bipinnate ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, deeply pin-
natifid ; lobes oblong or linear-subfaleate, generally nearly entire ; sort near the
costa ; invol. globose, membranaceous, fragile, breaking down very irregularly.
C. Imrayana, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 18. t. 9. B. (excl. var. B.).

Hab. West Indian Islands. Caracas.—The generally copious scurfy scales on the
underside of the frond are mainly characteristic of our C. Imrayana. It appears to be a
high mountain species, gathered on the Blue Mountain Peak in Jamaica ; alt. 5,000 ft.

8. C. balanocarpa, Eat.; “st. sparsely aculeated at the base and paleaceous
with brown, narrow scales ; fr. glabrous, ample, bipinnate ;” pinn@ 12-15 in. 1.,
2 in. br., oblong, acuminate ; pinn/. very numerous, 2-23 in. ]., 23 lines w., linear-
oblong, obtuse crenato-lobate in their lower half, with a distinct, rounded auricle
at the inferior base, the superior half of the pinnl., or less, entire ; sor?, one cor-
responding to each lobe of the pinnl.; ézvol. mamilleeform, subcoriaceous with a
circular opening at the apex from which the capsules soon protrude.—Lat. Fil.
Wright, a Fend. p. 215.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 1063.—A most distinct and well-marked species, admirably
distinguished by Mr. Eaton, J. .

9. C. cuspidata, Kze.; “fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. alternate, subsessile, divergent,
oblong, cuspidate, 43-6 in. 1. by 13 in. w., unequal at the base, deeply pinnatifid,”
having beneath a few deciduous whitish scales ; Zobes linear-falcate, the lower
fertile portion a little contracted, crenulate at the apex, and acute ; soré costal ;
invol. cinnamon-brown, firm, bursting very irregularly, “ stipes hairy at the
base.” —Hk, Sp. 1. p. 19. ¢. 12. A.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig.—My fragments received from Dr. Kunze in many respects
resemble some of the forms of C. arborea ; but the involucres sre very different
c

18 4, CYATHEA,

10. C. divergens, Kze.; base of the stout st. muricated, furfuraceo-tomentose
and scaly (on the upper side) with firm, intensely black, lanceolate, very long-
pointed ‘scales having a pale margin; fr. large, glabrous, bipinnate, petiolate ;
pinnl., firm-coriaceous, 4-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. w., from a broad base oblong, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid ; Jobes rather distant, oblong-falcate, acute, subserrated 3 sore
costal, numerous ; énvol. membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking in a very irre-
gular manner.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 19. ¢. 11. A.

Hab. Peru, Ecuador, alt. 11,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5867. N. Grenada, Schlim, n. 480.—
“Caud. arboreous, 40 ft. high, 1ft. indiam. Fr. 7 ft. long, including the stipes. Pinne
12 on each side, excluding the few minute terminal ones.” Spruce.

11. C. gracilis, Griseb.; st. strongly muricated at the base; /r. bipinnate,
glabrous ; prim. and second. pinne long-petioled, deltoideo-acuminate, the latter
3-4 in. 1, 1-12 in. w. at the base, deeply pinnatifid ; Zobes oblong, obtuse, serrated ;
sori copious, generally confined to the superior half of the lobes ; énvol. dark-
brown, bursting into somewhat regular valves or lobes to near the cup-like base.
—Griseb. Fl. B W. Ind. p. 704.

Hab. Jamaica, Wilson, Purdie. Antioquia, Jervise.—Allied, as Dr. Grisebach says,
to C. divergens, but very distinct. A peculiar feature is given to this plant by the
unusual length of the petioles, generally 2-24 in. 1., and by the pinnules being truncated
at the base,

12. C. Mettenii, Karst. ; “caud. arborescent bald (not clothed with the bases
of old leaves), squamose above ; s¢. brunneo-squarrose at the base, unarmed ; /r.
lanceolate, 6 ft. and more long, 3-4 ft. w., ovate-lanceolate, acute, bipinnate ;
pinnl. 2 in. 1., from a broad base lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, deciduous ; costa
and veins on both sides squamoso-pilose ; lobes falcate, oblong, obtuse, obsoletely
serrated, glaucous beneath; veins generally forked, soriferous at the fork ;
invol. globose, breaking open irregularly.”—Karst. Fl. Columb. 1. p. 118. ¢. 56.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 8-9,000 ft., Karsten.—Like a small subglabrous form of
Schanschin, clothed with scales on the ribs of the segments beneath,

13. C. squamipes, Karst. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachis grey-stramineous,
muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1; pinnl. sessile, 4-43 in. ]., 2 in.
br. ; segm. close, flat, 4 in. br., obscurely toothed ; texture firm ; under surface
hairy on the ribs ; veindets 10-12-jugate, forked ; sori costular ; énvol. glabrous,
breaking up irregularly.—/7. Columd, 1. ¢. 99.

Hab. Andes of Columbia.— Beautifully figured, as are the preceding and the two next,
in Karsten’s magnificent Selections from the Columbian Flora.

14. C. incana, Karst.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid; rachis grey-stramineous,
slightly furfuraceous with a few raised points ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2
ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, 3 in. 1., $ in. br., cut down to a broad wing ; segm, $ in. br.,
falcate, subacute, denticulate ; tewture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green,
glossy, glabrous except the ribs, lower with minute fimbriate scales on the mid-
rib ; veinlets 8-9-jugate, forked ; sor¢ costular ; énvol, small, densely pilose.—
Fi. Columb. 1. t. 87. ;

Hab, Andes of Columbia.

15. C. frondosa, Karst. ; “caud. lofty, unarmed, squamose with linear-subulate
scales, acuminate, frondose at the summit ; fr. ovato-lanceolate, 12-14 ft. 1. by
6 ft. w.; pinnd. 4-5 in. 1,, from a broad base lanceolate ; lobes oblong, margins
recurved, penniveined ; veins forked, their branches clavato-incrassate at the

4, CYATIEA. 19

apex, terminating near the margin, and as well on the prim. and second. costa
pilose and squamose ; sori near the costule at the furcature of the veins; invol,
globose, glabrous, opening irregularly at the summit; recept. globose, entire,
pilose.”—Karst. Fl. Columb. 1. t. 74.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 8-9,090 ft., Karsten.—This has the vestiture of Schanschin
with an involucre like that of arborea.

16. C. equestris, Kze.; “fr. vast, coriaceous, bipinnate ; pinne long-petiolate,
lanceolate ; pinnl. remote, alternate, petiolate, confluent into an acuminated
apex of the pinna, lower ones divaricato-reflexed, middle ones divergent, superior
ones patent, all oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, unequal at the base, acuminated ;
lobes falcato-oblong, rather obtuse, serrulate, lower ones soriferous; sori near
the costule irregular ; cosie and petioles hairy above ; partial rachises at the base
sparingly aculeolate, beneath towards the base hairy.”—Xze. in Schk. Suppl.
t.76. Hk. Sp.1. p. 19.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig.—The author compares this with our C. divergens ; but his figure,
and a pinna I possess from the author, show a greater resemblance to Hemitelia guianensis,
Hk, It is, however, a true Cyathea, This was quite unknown to me at the time I pub-
lished the Sp. Fil. I have since received a pinna from the late Professor Kunze. It is
5in.1., nearly 12 in. br., obloog-acuminated, quite glabrous ; segments very close-placed,
7 lines 1. by 3-4 br., quite plane.

17. C. calva, Karst. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises naked ; pinne oblong-
lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinni. ligulate acuminate, lower short-stalked, 4-44 in. |.,
Zin. br., cut down to a narrow wing; segm. } in. br., faintly toothed ; teature
firm ; both surfaces glabrous except the ribs above; veins 8-10-jugate, forked ;
sori medial ; invol. glabrous, membranous, breaking irregularly.—/7. Columb. 2.
p. 175. t. 192.

Hab. Andes of Columbia.—I carnot by the description distinguish from this C. firma,
Mett. Kuhn, Linnza, 36, p. 163 (Funk & Schlim. 1228).

18. C. vestita, Mart. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises stramineous, densely
pubescent ; pinn@ oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1.; pénnd. close, sessile, 24-3 in. 1.,
$-3 in. hr., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. close, ligulate, blunt, 1 lin. br.,
obscurely toothed ; ¢ezture thin and membranous; both sumfaces, especially the
lower, densely pilose ; veins 9-10-jugate, immersed, forked ; sori minute, cos-
tular ; invol. fragile, membranous, pilose, bursting irregularly.— Mart. Ic. Crypt.
t.52. Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 20. C. hirtula, Mart, Ic.t.538. Hook. 1.c. C. Delgadii,
Pohl. eek

Hab. Guiana, Brazil, and Columbia.

19. C. pilosa, Baker; jr. ample, tripinnate; st. densely muricated ; basal
scales lanceolate, castaneous, 3-1 in. 1. ; rachéses stramineous, muricated, those of
the pinne densely shortly pilose ; pinn@ 1-13 ft., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnl. ligu-
late, 3-3} in. 1., 3-3 in. br., the lower short-stalked ; segm.1 lin. br., falcate, blunt,
crenulate ; texture membranous ; both sides, especially the lower, densely pilose
on the ribs; veins 7-8-jugate, forked; sor? minute, costular; znvol. fragile,
glabrous, bursting irregularly.

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4729.—Midway between vestita and Schanschin.

20. C. Schanschin, Mart. ; “fr. bipinnate ; st. and rachis sharply aculeated, and,
as well as the rachis and veins, strigoso-villous ; pinn/. downy, linear, cuspidato-
acuminate, pinnatifid ; /obes linear-oblong, obliquely rotundate, subcrenulate ;

20 4. CYATHEA.

eori 6-10 in each segment.”—Mart. 1. ¢., p. 77. t. 64. Hk, Sp. 1. p. 20. C. oligo-
carpa, Kze.

Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman, n. 858? and
14 1.—Martius has well represented in his plate the copious, glossy, ferruginous scales
which clothe the nascent frond (t. 54, f. 1), of which the author takes no notice in his
diagnosis, In the absence of these on our copious specimens, named and unnamed, I could
not refer to any essential distinguishing character. Among our thus authenticated speci-
mens are Fendler’s, », 54, and Sellow, from Herb. Reg. Bras.—Such good figures as those
of Martius must not be thought light of ; but even they require to be accompanied by
good diagnoses, and, unless they are specially well-marked species, with some notice
also of the affinities.

21. C. Sprucet, Hk. ; caud. 15 ft. high; st. stout, furfuraceous brown, 1 ft. 1.,
bearing “long, slender, exceedingly fragile acule,’ mixed with strong black
spines 1-8 lines 1., with a broad dilated base; base of the st. clothed with very
Tong, silky or woolly, deciduous, crinite, pale scales, which have a dark line down
the centre ; /r. 5 ft. 1., lanceolate, bipinnate, glabrous or only slightly pubescent
on the coste, subrigido-coriaceous; prim. pinnw 1-2 ft. 1., oblong, acuminate ;
pinnl. eppraxinaisy horizontal, 2 in. 1., subsessile, narrow-oblong, deeply pinna-
tifid ; Zobes narrow, ovate, acute, the margins slightly recurved, entire ; sord very
copious ; znvol. fragile, breaking into irregular lobes.

Hab. Ecuador, Montafia di Canelos, and Tungaragua, alt. 4,000-6,500 ft. ; and Chim-
borazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5744.—This I at first took for C. Schanschin, but
the stipes (a portion of a tree-Fern too much neglected by plant-collectors in general) is
quite different. :

22. C. mexicana, Schlecht.; unarmed; rachis and costa above pubescenti-
scabrous; jr. bipinnate; pinni. lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 in. ]., pinnatifid,
glabrous ; obes oblong, slightly falcate, rather obtuse, serrated ; sori chiefly at
the lower half of the lobe, on the back of a simple vein or at the forking of a
divided vein ; imvol. very thin and membranaceous, fragile, and soon obliterated.
~—Schiecht. in Linn. 5. p. 616. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 15. C. denudans, Kze, and C.
hexagona, Le (Moore). C. Lindeniana, Presl Epim. 80.

Hab. Mexico.—I find this species to have the sorus sometimes on the back of a single
vein, and sometimes on the fork of a vein, so that there is no reason to separate this
species,.as some authors have done, from the great mass of Cyathew which have bi-tripin-
nate fronds, with which, too, it is naturally allied. Presl. gives a figure of the venation
(Tent. Pterid. t, 1. f. 8), but only represents the simple form, with dorsal sori.

28. C. Gardneri, Hk.; fr. bipinnate; st. and main rachis nearly glabrous ;
pinni. gradually and at the apex much acuminated, pinnatifid; Jobes oblong,
erecto-patent, obtuse, falcate, serrated, villous beneath, especially on the costa
and veins, lowest inferior one adnato-decurrent ; soré covering the whole under-
side of the lobe ; znvol. almost globose, pale-brown, op:ique, with a dark mam-
millate apex, at length bursting with a small aperture at the top.—H&. Sp. p. 21.
t. 10. A. (where, for Tab. X. A. read Tab. X.B.). C. superfusa, Kze.

Hab. Brasil, Gardner.—A species of peculiar aspect, and remarkable for the adnate
and subdecurrent base of the pinnules, The involucres seem also to be unusually per-
sistent.

24, C. ebenina, Karst.; st. paleaceous below with large, lanceolate, glossy,
firm, acuminated scales, dark in the centre, and slightly asperous (scarcely
aculeate) ebeneous-black, as well the principal rachises ; 77. glabrous, 5-6 ft. I.,
firm-membranaceous, bipinnate; prim. pinne 12-14 in. 1.; pinni. distant, all
rather long-petiolate, 3 in. 1, from a broad, oblong base, acuminate, pinnatifid,
deeply so and subpinnate below ; Jobes broad, obtuse, serrate ; sori rather sparse ;
invol. with the cup breaking into unequal lobes.—Karst. FU. Columb. p. 3. t. 2.
and ¢. 100. f. 2. (caudex. )

Hab. Columbia, alt. 5,000 ft., Moritz, in Hb. Nostr.—A very well-marked species;

4. CYATHEA. 21

in its much-petiolated pinnules resembling some species of Hemitelia. Caudex 18 ft. high,
very slender, denudate.

25. C. microphylla, Mett.; caud. 4 ft. high ; st. and rachises very deciduously
ferrugineo-tomentose ; 7r, 2-3 ft. long, oblong-ovate, acuminate, tripinnate ;
prim. pinne sessile, broad-oblong, acuminate ; second. ones similar to them but
smaller, crowded ; pinni. small, scarcely 2 lines ]., ovato-oblonz, deeply pinna-
tifid ; lobes oblong, obtuse, single-veined, entire ; sorus solitary at the base of the
veinlet ; ¢nvol. globose, breaking irregularly into 3-4 portions.— Met. in Lechl. F.
Per. p. 23; Hk. 2nd Cent. of Ferns, t. 99.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador, Lechler, Jameson, Spruce. — A remarkable and
most distinct species, with very compound fronds, and the smallest pinnules of any
species of the genus.

tt Species of tropical and subtropical Africa, including the adjacent islands,
Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles, §e. Sp. 26-34,

26. C. Drégei, Kze. ; unarmed, or only rough with small tubercles at the base
of the st., and there paleaceous with rather large, lanceolate-subulate, glossy,
ferruginous scales ; fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. sessile, 2-3 in. 1., glabrous or a little
arachnoid at the base beneath, narrow-oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes oblong-ovate, subfaleate, obtuse, more or less serrated ; inrol. fragile,
opening at the top and forming a cup with a small slightly irregular margin.—
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 23. t. 10. B. and ¢.17. A. (lobes more serrated). C. Burkei, Hé.
Sp. 1. ¢. 17. B. ; lobes of the pinnules rather broader.

Hab. S. E. Africa, Natal, Macalisberg, as far as the Zambesi ; Moramballa, alt.
3,000 ft., Livingstone, Kirk (‘‘ caudex 4 {t. high”).—The same species, or a close ally, has
been gathered on Mt. Kilimanjaro.

27. C..Manniana, Hk. ; caud. 30 ft.1.; st. and rachises pale-brown, glossy,
muricate, glabrous ; /r. subcoriaceous, glabrous, tripinnate ; prim. pinne 2 ft. 1.,
8 in. w.; second. pinne 4 in. w., sessile oblong, pinnatifid only towards the
narrow acuminated apices ; pinn/. narrow-oblong, falcate, acute, serrated ; veins
forked, not prominent ; sor? rather large, few, mostly on the lower half of the
pinnl., and mixed with ovate, fringed scales; invol. lax, deep-cupshaped, but
breaking down at the margin, and subpersistent.

Hab. Fernando Po and Cameroon Mountains, alt. 3-4,000 ft., G. Mann. — Quite
different from any other tropical African Cyathea I am acquainted with.

28. C. Welwitschit, Hk. ; caud. 20-25 ft.1.; st. scarcely any (2-3 in. I. in
my specimens), as thick as a swan’s quill, castaneous, paleaceous, with large,
subulate, firm, glossy sca/es, tuberculato-muricate, as is the base of the rachis, the
rest glabrous ; rachis also castaneous ; /r. 3 ft. and more ]., subcoriaceous, very
dark-green and slightly hairy above, paler and more villous with spreading
hairs beneath, ovato-lanceolate, contracted below and there bearing numerous
dwarfed pinne, bipinnate ; prim. pinn. 6 in. 1., 1 in. w., sessile, pinnatifid only at
the short acuminate apex ; pinn/. and lobes very patent, oblong and obtuse, sub-
falcate, strongly crenato-serrate ; veins prominent beneath, forked ; sori mostly
near the base of the pinnl. at the forking, and near the costule; invol. shallow-
cupshaped (possibly imperfect), surrounding the whole base of the sorus ; coste
on both sides densely and subferruginously villous.

Hab. W. Africa, Island of St. Thomas, in the Bight of Biafra, alt. 3-7,000 ft., Welwitsch,
n. 66, G. Mann.—Remarkable for the contraction of the lower portion of the frond,
formed by dwarfed pinnez, which extend nearly to the base of the stipes: thus the fronds
are subsessile.

29. C. camerooniana, Hk. ; st. 1-2 ft. and more l., paleaceous with appressed,
subulate scales at the base, scarcely asperous, and, as well as the rachis (paleaceo-
hirsute upwards only) rufo-castaneous ; fr. 4 ft. or more l., 14-16 in. w., sub-
coriaceo-membranaceous, bipinnate, quite glabrous, above dark green, paler

22 4. CYATHEA.

beneath ; the coste and costules paleaceo-hirsute on both sides ; pinnae 6-8 in. I.,
sessile, oblong acuminate, pinnated, or very deeply pinwatifid nearly to the
costa; pinnl. or lobes 7-8 lines 1, obtuse, subfalcate, serrato-dentate ; veens
forked ; sori at the fork ; éxvol. very thin, membranaceous, fugacious, leaving a
shallow ragged cup, most permanent at the inferior side. é

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, alt. 83~4,000 ft., @. Mann.—Habit. of OC. Welwitschii, but
not tubercled on the rachis, quite glabrous on the fronds, except on the cost and
costules ; and the lower pinne are not dwarfed.

80. C. angolensis, Welw. ; “caud. 12-15 ft. 1., 8 in. in diam.; fr. 6-8 ft. 1.”
(probably including the s¢., which in the specimens is 13 ft. or more, castaneous,
slightly muricato-tuberculate and fusto-paleaceous at the base, the rest smooth),
bipinnate, glabrous, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, paler and subglaucous beneath ;
prim. pinne 1% ft. and more 1., oblong-acuminate ; pinnl. 3 in. 1., sessile, oblong,
pinnatifid nearly to the base, sometimes ferrugineo-tomentose in the axils, deeply
and nearly to the rachis pinnatifid (subpinnate at the very base) ; lobes oblong,
subfalcate, obtuse, the margin a little thickened, subserrate ; soré at the forking
of the veins, chiefly on the lower half of the lobe and near the costule ; invol. cup-
shaped, short, but broken down and sublobed at the margin.— Welw. Phys.-
Geogr. in Ann. Cons. Ultram. 1858, p. 858.

Hab. Benguilla, distr. Huilla, Trop. W. Afr., alt. 3,500-5,550 ft. ; very rare, Welwitsch,
n. 186 and 83.—The sori are rather old, and the involucres do not probably represent their
earlier form. Doubtfully distinct from C. Dregez.

81. C. Kirkii, Hk. ; main rachis unarmed, and, as well as the second. ones, deci-
duously pubescent and paleaceo-crinite with subulate, often spreading, black
scales, pale at the margin; fr. firm-membranaceous, dark-green, a little paler
beneath, glabrous, hirsutulous on the coste on both sides ; prim. pinne 22 in. 1.,
8 in. w., oblong-acuminate ; pinnl. 4-2 in. w., oblong, rather suddenly acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid (almost pinnate) ; /obes or ult. pinnl. approximate, oblong, obtuse,
slightly. crenate ; veins forked ; soré near the costule, and in my solitary specimen
near the base of the lobe ; invol. membranaceous, breaking down into irregular lobes,
but with the largest lobe generally at the inferior base of the sorus, hence some~
what hemitelioid.

Hab. Johanna Island, alt. 2,000 ft., Dr. Kirk.—Unwilling asT am to found a new
species on a mere fragment, though perfect in itself, 1 am, on the other hand, very
ae to leave unnoticed a tree-Fern from so little known # country as Johanna

sland,

82. C. sechellarum, Mett.; st. tuberculato-asperous, and, as well as the main
rachis, ebeneous-purple ; fr. subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark-green above, paler
beneath ; prim. pinne 14-2 ft. 1., 8-9 in. w.; pinnl. 6-8 lines w., oblong, acu-
minate, deeply pinnatifid ; Jobes linear-oblong, acute, falcate, serrated ; veins
distinct, forked ; sovz mostly in the lower half of the lobes, and near the costule ;
invol. membranaceous, pateriform, persistent.—Mett. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot,
L. Ba. 1. p. 58.

Hab. Seychelles, Pervillé, n. 865, bis, and 76a (ex Herb. Mus, Par. in Hb. Nostr. ;
since received from Swinburne Ward, Esq. (No. 2).—My own specimens are from the same
source as those described by Mettenius, who observes that the species has the habit of
C. spinulosa, Wall. (from Tndia), but the frond is coriaceous, the rachis muricate, not
spinulose, the invol. entire, persistent, not soon breaking down into fragments.

33. C. excelsa, Sw.; unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, coriaceo-membranaceous ; prim.
pinne 2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. w. ; pinni. 3-4 in. 1, 3 in. w., sessile, deeply pinnatifid, sub-
pinnate at the base ; dobes oblong, obliquely subacute, serrated, scaleless ; veins
once forked near the base ; soré in the fork near the costa ; invol. membranaceous,
very glossy, fragile, bursting irregularly into lobes, rarely sub-2-valved.—Hk,
Sp. 1. p. 24, t. 12. B.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius,

4. CYATHES 23

34. C. canaliculata, W.; unarmed or indistinctly tuberculate; fr. glabrous,
bipinnate ; prim. pinne 8-18 in. ]., oblong, acuminate, bipinnate, pinnatifid at
the apex ; pinnl. sessile, 1-1} in. ]., oblong, subacute, entire or serrated ; reins
copious, twice or thrice forked ; sori copious near the costa ; invol. at first globose,
then breaking down into 3-4 tolerably regular lobes ; st. and the stout main rachis
brown or purple-black.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 23. % 11. B.— latipulia 3 larger, pinnl.
broader.—Sp. Fil. p. 24.413. A.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon ; Madagascar, Newton.—It is possible that this may have
tripinnate fronds, but my numerous specimens are not large enough to indicate if it be so.
The species is very distinct, but varies much in the size of the pinnules.

++ Species of India, including Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula and Islands.
Sp. 35-45.

35. C. spinulosa, Wall.; st. and main rachis strongly aculeated, often dark-
purple ; /r. glabrous, ample, subflaccid ; pinnl, oblong, acuminate ; lobes acute,
serrulate, small bullate scales on the costules beneath ; sor? copious, close to the
costules ; inrol. globose, very thin, membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking irre-
gularly.— Vall. Cat. n. 178. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 25. . 12. C.

Hab, Continent of India generally. Ousima, S. Japan, C. Wright, in Hb. Nostr.

36. C. erenulata, Bl. ; unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceous ; pinn/. oblong,
lanceolate, short-acuminate, 2-3 in. 1., dark, livid green, paler beneath, minutely
chaffy at the coste ; Jobes approximate, oblong, subacute, subfalcate, crenulato-
serrate ; sori close to the costa ; invol. membranaceous, pale or chestnut-brown,
fragile, soon breaking into very irregular lobes.—HEé. Sp. 1. p. 25. Mat. in Mig.
Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 56. C. excelsa, Kze.

Hab. Java.—This presents no very striking specific character. Mettenius, who gives
avery full description, 1. ¢., remarks, ‘‘ [udusio conditione et consistentia ab speciebus
antecedentibus diversa; viz. C. Javanica, Korthalsii, hymenodes, Zollingeriana, orientalis,
and Sechellarum.”

37. C. javanica, Bl. ; “ arboreous, unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceous ;
pinul. lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, bullato-squamulose at the base of
the costa; lobes linear-subfalcate, obtuso-crenulate or entire, plane ; sori 2-5,
parallel to the costa ; second. rachis paleaceo-tomentose ; prim. one asperulous,
with minute bristles.”—Bl. En. p. 245. Hk. Sp.1.p.26. Met. in Mig. Ann. Mus.
Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 56.

Hab. Java, Sumatra.—Mettenius describes the involucres as rigidly membranaceous,
but breaking down into a nearly plane circular base : this is true in some of my authentic
specimens ; in others it breaks into unequally-lobed cups. Notwithstanding the careful
descriptions of Dr. Mettenius of the Malayan species of Cyathea, I fear we have yet much
to learn with regard to their limits,

38. C. integra, J. Sm.; unarmed ; fr. firm-membranaceous, brownish-green,
paler beneath, glabrous ; prim. pinne ample, 14 ft. 1; pinnl. sessile or petiolate,
3-5 in. 1., from a subtruneated base oblong-acuminate, pinnatifid 4-2 of the way
to the costa, broad-oblong, subfalcate, acute, serrated ; sor in 2 series, intermediate
between the costule and margin ; invol. pale-membranaceous, breaking down into
a persistent, lobed cup.— HE. Sp. 1. p. 26; and in Ze. P/.7. t. 638. Mat. in Miq.,
Le. 1.p. 55.—6 peiolata, Hk. Ic. Pl. 7. t. 638.f.2. C. petiolata, J. Sm.

Hab. Amboyna, and Philippine Islands.

39. C. sarawakensis, Hk.; caud. 12 ft.1.; gen. and part. rachises smooth and
glossy ; fr. ample, glabrous, subcoriaceous, bipinnate.; prim. pinne: distant, peti-
olate, 20 in. L or more, 6 in. w., broad-oblong, pinnatifid only at the acuminated
apices ; pinnl. numerous, approximate, horizontal, sessile, 4-6 lines wide, oblong-
acuminate, erenato-serrate, obliquely cuneate at the base; zeins approximate,
bi-trifurcate : sori dorsal or, rarely in the axils of the veins, globose ; znvol. a thin,

24 4, CYATHEA,

oe membrane, at first covering the whole sorus, breaking down into irregular
obes.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, Thos. Lobb, n. 166.—Apparently a very distinct species, which
[ only possess from the above locality.

40. C. assimilis, Hk. ; caud, 20 ft. high ; st. bright chestnut, slightly muricated
and fringed on one side with long, ferruginous scales ; fr. ample, coriaceo-mem-
branaceous, bi-tripinnate ; prim. pinne nearly 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. w., broad-oblong
acuminate, petiolate, glabrous ; pinnl. and prim. sup. pinne: deeply, almost to the
costa, pinnatifid (lowest inf. lobe always the smallest), from 4-65 lines L., oblong,
very obtuse, subfalcate, coarsely toothed ; sup. rachés and underside of the costae
subsquamose ; veins simple or once or twice forked ; sori dorsal or, in the axis of
the fork, subglobose ; znvol. at first entire, very thin and filmy, breaking down
into very irregular lobes,

Hab. Hills, Sarawak, Borneo, 7. Lob}, n. 168.—This has much the general aspect
of Alsophila squamulata (Gymnosphera, Bl.), but is more compound, and has the true
involucre of a Cyathea.

Al. C. Lobbiana, Hk.; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, pinnate, pinnatifid at the
acuminated apex, everywhere smooth, glabrous, and destitute of scales ; pinne
petiolate ; inferior ones (the largest of our specimens) 9-10 in. 1., 2-23 in. w.,
oblong, deeply acuminate nearly to the rachis, pinnatifid, or pinnate only at the
very base ; lowest inferior pinnl. always the smallest ; lobes or pinni. horizontal,
spreading, obtuse, obscurely serrated ; super. pinne gradually smaller, obtuse,
sessile ; veins distinct, approximate, simple or forked ; sors globose, dorsal, or
rarely in the axil of the veins, in 2 rows, one on each side the costule ; znvol. a
very thin, delicate membrane, at first investing the whole sorus, at length deli-
quescent, as it were, at the summit, and breaking down irregularly.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, 7. Lob}.—My largest pinnz have a very close affinity with
those of Alsophila alternams ; but here is a most distinct though almost filmy involucre.

42. C. hymenodes, Mett.; glabrous; prim. rachis dark purple-brown, subas-
perous ; pinnl. 3 in. 1., oblong, acuminate, sessile, subcoriaceous, dark lurid green
on both sides ; costw beneath minutely and sparsely scaly ; lobes very compact,
so as to close the sinus, oblong-falcate, very obtuse, obscurely serrate ; soré at
the base of the lobes, few, close to the costule ; “vod, membranaceous, fragile,
ee breaking down and falling away.”—Mett. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat.
p. 57.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals. —-My authentic specimen has the sori far advanced and
imperfect. May it not rather be an Alsophila?

48. C. orientalis, Moore (name only) ; rachises scarcely punctato-muricate ; fr.
ample, coriaceous, black-green, paler beneath, glabrous, bi-tripinnate ; prim. pinnee
2 ft. 1.3; pénnl. 3-4 in. 1, 6-7 lines w., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, suddenly caudato-
acuminate (acumen serrated), deeply near to the costa pinnatifid ; coste beneath
ferrugineo-furfuraceous 3 Jobes linear-oblong, subfalcate, the margin serrated and
recurved ; soré copious, close to the costule which they quite conceal ; dnvol, dark-
brown, firm-membranaceous, persistent, cupshaped, subglobose, rich chestnut-
brown, the mouth a little contracted, perfectly orbicular and even at the edge.—
Mett. in Mig. Ann, Bot. L, Bat. 1. p. 88. C. arborea 6 pallida, Hassk.

Hab. Java, Zippel, Zollinger, De Vriese, n. 98,118, 180.—It is no wonder that Hasskarl
‘was disposed to consider this a var. of C. arborea, of the W. Indies: the involucre forms
an equally perfect cup, which seems to persist in that state without ever becoming
fragmentary.

44, C. arachnoidea, Hk. ; all the rachises dark-coloured and opaque, muricated
with short, black, sharp ‘spenes, and clothed with rusty tomentum ; /*. tripinnate
firm-coriaceous, glabrous above, cobwebby beneath ; second. pinne 4-44 in. i
4 in. w., oblong, pinnate, pinnatifid only near the narrow acuminated apex ; pinnl,

4, CYATHEA. 95

scarcely 3 lines ]., from a broad base linear, acute, subfalcate ; re’ns sunk, incon-
spicuous ; soré near the middle of the pinnl., occupying the whole space between
the costule and the recurved margin; imvol. thin-membranaceous, white and
delicate, breaking into variously lobed and laciniated segments.

Hab. Island of Ternate, De Viizse & Teijsmann, n. 1141.—Judging from the solitary
but very perfect specimen in my possession, this is a very distinct species,

45. C. Korthalsii, Mett. ; fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, dull green ;
prim. pinne 1 ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, 2-23 in. 1., } in. w., oblong, acuminate, sparingly
bullato-paleaceous beneath ; /obes narrow-oblong, obtuse, scarcely serrate, subfal-
cate ; sori more or less copious, chiefly in the lower part of the lobe close to the
costule ; énvol. firm-membranaceous, breaking firstly at the summit, at length
falling away in fragments.—Met. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 57.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals; Java (ex Herb. Miquel.). — My named specimens from
Sumatra have old fructifications: those from Java (without name) have the involucres
exactly as described by Mettenius. Perhaps too near his Hemielia (not Cyathea) crenulata.

tH Species of Australia, N. Zealand, and the Pacific Islands ; these latter, of
the N. Pacific, may be expected occasionally to extend to the Malay Archipelago and
Peninsula. Sp. 46-55.

46. C. Lindsayana, Hk. ; main and second. rachises quite unarmed ; fr. mem-
branaceous, glabrous, except on the coste and costules which are subvillous and
have many scattered, small, bullate scales ; prim. pinne 2 ft. 1., pinnate nearly to
the apex ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., oblong, acuminated, deeply pinnatifid ; /obes oblong,
subfaleate, serrated ; sori on the lower half of the lobes on the forking of the
veins ; invol. globose, firm-membranaceous, brown, opening with a circular, rather
small and jagged mouth.

Hab. Mount Lindsay, N. E. Australia, Walt. Hill. —The first true Cyathea found in
Australia. My specimens are very perfect as far as the primary pinn and fructifications
are concerned. It might pass for a membranaceous form of C. javanica; but the cup-
formed involucre is much more permanent.

47. C. medullaris, Sw.; caud. lofty ; st. glaucous-black, and the rachises muri-
cated with short spinous tubercles ; fr. ample, bi-tripinnate, coriaceous ; second.
pinne 5-6 in.1., 3-1 in. br., deeply pinnatifid or again pinnate; pinn/. or segm.
oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, coarsely serrated in the sterile specimens, lobato-
pinnatifid in the fertile ones, with the margins revolute ; sori one to each lobule
of the pinnl. or lobe, intermediate between the subpaleaceous costule and the
margin ; énvol. firm, membranaceous, brown, soon breaking open irregularly at
the apex with an irregular, often 2-lobed, margin (young /r. densely-paleaceous,
with soft, deciduous hairs).—H&. Sp. 1. p. 27, and Gard. Ferns, t. 25.

Hab. N. Zealand ; and the same, or a very closely allied form, has lately been sent
from the colony of Victoria by our indefatigable correspondent Baron von Mueller.

48. C. Cunninghami, Hk. f.; caud. 12-15 ft. 1.5 st. and main rachises stra-
mineous and asperous; /r. subcoriaceous, but flaccid (‘“ soft, withering on the
trunk”), tripinnate; prim. pinne 13-2 ft.1.; second. ones 3-5in.1., 2-1 in. w.,
oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid only at the apex ; lobes or ultimate pinnl. 4-6 in. 1.,
linear, obtuse, pinnatifid some way down with great regularity ; lobules entire ;
veins forked ; sort one to each lobe, rather nearer the costule than the margin ;
incol, at first entire, globose, very thin, afterwards breaking down very irregularly,
often leaving a large patent lobe or scale on the underside, as in Hemitelia ; coste

_ and costules villous and sparingly narrow-paleaceous.—Hk&. fil. in Ic. Pl. t. 985.

Hab. N. Zealand.—Perhaps too near C. medullaris. I possess it among Forster's
plants from N. Zealand, as well as from Colenso and Allan Cunningham, It is well
represented in the Icones Plant. 2. ¢.

D

26 4. CYATHEA.

49. C. dealbata, Sw. ; unarmed or slightly asperous $ rachises and coste clothed
with pale, ferruginous, deciduous tomentum ; 7. subcoriaceous, bi-tripinnate ;
pinne oblong, acuminate, pure white beneath from the presence of a deciduous
powder, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate at the base; lobes oblong, acute, falcate,
serrated ; sori copious, sometimes confined to the lower half of the lobes ; znvol,
rather small, globose, membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking down in an irregular
manner, the base often remaining an orbicular membrane.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 27.
Rich, Fl. N. Zeal. p. 77. t. 10.—8 subglaucous, but not white, beneath.

Hab. N. Zealand, where it seems generally to retain its pure white beneath. Penang,
Sir W. Norvis, sterile. Lord Howe’s Island (along with var. 8), Milne & MecGilivray.
—This latter island may be reckoned as in the N. Zealand group,

50. C. aneitense, Hk. ; unarmed ; main and second. rachises ebeneous, purple-
black, quite smooth ; fr. coriaceo-membranaceous ; prim. pinnae 1-1d in. 1., 4-5
in. w., sessile, or nearly so, oblong, shortly-acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the
rachis ; Jobes rather distant, oblong, acute, subserrated ; veins forked ; sorz copious
intermediate between the costa and the margin ; zavo/. thin-membranaceous, per-
sistent, soon breaking down, and generally opening at the back so as to form a large,
lax, almost transparent, 2-lobed and ragged cup, often again irregularly lacerated ;
ult. rachises and coste villous, with narrow scales.

Hab. Isle of Aneiteum, N. Hebrides, Milne, McGilivray. Ternate, Herb. Hort. Cale.
—This is quite new, and not known, apparently, to Brackenridge.

51. C. nigricans, Mett. ; “7r. coriaceous, opaque, green above, paler beneath,
bipinnatisecto-pinnatipartite ; rachis unarmed, purplish, glossy ; prim. pinne
subovato-lanceolate ; second. ones subsessile, elongato-oblong, acuminate, caudate
at the apex and sharply serrated, subglabrous above, beneath squamulose at the
costes and costules, with imbricated, white, bullate, ciliated scales ; lobes sub-
distinct, contiguous by the dilated base, elongato-oblong, subfalcate, attenuated
at the apex, obtuse or nearly so, serrated ; veins forked, rarely bifurcate ; sori
8-6 on each side the costule, the lowest ones distant from the costule, the rest near
to it; recept. hemispherical ; paraphyses few, filiform, curved, generally torulose,
formed of cells tumid in the middle, the terminal cell subglobose, or more or less
dilated.” —Mett. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 36.

Hab. “ Ualan, of the Caroline Islands, Mertens.”—Unknown to me.

52. C. leucolepis, Mett. ; unarmed, and hairy only on the coste above ; 77. ample,
firm-membranaceous, bipinnate, lurid-green, paler beneath ; prim. pinne 1} in. 1. ;
pinnl, sessile or subpetiolate, paleaceous, with whitish bullate scales on the costa
and costules beneath, 3-4 in. 1., from a broad base 1 in. w. (narrowest on the
inferior side), oblong, suddenly acuminate, pinnatifid $ of the way to the
costule ; Jobes oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, subentire ; veins all forked at the middle,
distant ; sori copious, rather distant, and forming a line on each side between the
costule and the margin ; ¢nvol. rather firm-membranaceous, of the same lurid-
green as the frond, long- persistent, then breaking away at the summit, and
eventually forming irregular lobes.—Jett. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat.1, 1. c..°
p. 56.

Hab, Aneitum, Milne.—We now regard the plants from Fiji and the Solomon Islands,
placed here in the first edition, as distinct.

53. C. Milne, Hk.; caud. 30 ft. 1, 9 in. diam.; fr. subcoriaceous, dark
blackish-green above, paler beneath; rachéses palish-brown, asperous, woolly,
as well as the under side of the pznne, near their base, with copious deciduous:
tomentum ; pinnae 14-2 ft. L, 6-10 in. w.; pénni. elongato-oblong, deeply to the
costules pinnatifid ; /obes oblong, falcate, subobtuse, crenato-serrate, the margins
a little recurved ; soré copious, moderately large, mostly situated at the base of
the lobes, near the costule ; nvol. membranateous, rather firm, long-persistent

5, HEMITELIA, € EUHEMITELIA. 27

in a cup-like form, with very irregular margins, occupying most of the breadth
of the lobes.

Hab. Sunday or Raoul Island (of the N. Zealand region), Milne & McGilivray.—
T give this as a new species with considerable hesitation. It has the deciduous wool of
C. dealbata (to which Mr. Moore is disposed to refer it), but the aspect rather of C. afinis,
of which, however, it wants the decided prickles,

54. C. affinis, Sw.; rachis naked, castaneous; fr. ample, tripinnate ; pinne
oblong-lanceolate 1-14 ft. 1.; pénnl. sessile, lanceolate, 3-33 in. 1., #-1 in. br.; segm.
linear-ligulate, 4 in. br., crenato-pinnatifid ; ¢ezture rigidly subcoriaceous ; upper
surface glabrous, lower slightly furfuraceous; veins 10-12-jugate, immersed,
obscure, the lowest pinnate in the lobes; sovz costular ; znv. firm, persistent,
breaking up irregularly.—Carruth. in Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 333.

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Forster.—Brackenridge’s plant, quoted doubtfully here in
the first edition, is C. propinqua. OC, extensa of Swartz, founded on a specimen of For-
ater’s not in fructification, may be Alsophila lunulata.

55. C. Vieillardii, Mett.; “unarmed; f®. subcoriaceous, dark-green above,
densely hairy, rusty on the cost and rachises, bi-subtripinnate; prim. pinne 1 ft. 1.;
second, ones sessile, ovato-oblong or lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite, subpinnate
at the base, acuminate and obtusely serrate at the apex ; /obes oblong, obtuse or
acute, obtusely serrate; soz at the forking of the veins, intermediate between the
costule and the margin ; ézvol. membranaceous, gradually breaking down and
disappearing (fatescens).”—Meit. Fil. N. Caled. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. 1861, p. 82.

Hab. Balade, N. Caledonia, Vietilard. ‘Near C. Cunninghami (Hk. f.), which differs
in being muricated, the lobes sharply serrated, and in the sori being costular.”—I have
seen only a small specimen of this from M. Lenormand’s collection.

Gen. 5. Hemireria, Br. (See p. 454.)

Sort globose, dorsal upon a vein or veinlet. Recept. elevated. Jnvol. a scale
situated on the underside of the sorus, varying in size, and shape, and texture,
often indistinct, and often very deciduous.—WMostly tropical and arborescent, with
the habit of Cyathea ; a connecting link, as it were, between the latter genus and
Alsophila, consequently often difficult to recognize. Fronds ample, pinnate, or de-
compound. Veins pinnated, simple or branched, free, or, the costal ones especially,
more or less anastomosing. ‘Tas. I, f. 5.

§ Euhemitelia. Costal veins anastomosing. Tas. I. f. 5.5. Sp. 1-5,
* Pinnate. Sp. 1-5.

1. H. (Euhemit.) Karsteniana, K1.; st. muricated and scaly at the base; scales
white, dark-brown in the centre; fr. ample, coriaceo-membranaceous, pinnated ;
pinne sessile, a span to 1 ft. 1., 14-25 in. w., from a truncated base, elliptical,
short-acuminate, quite entire, or more or less lobed at the very margin ; sorz
(when perfect) in two oblique lines, meeting towards the rachis, and forming a
series of the letter V between each pair of costules.—K/. Bot. Zeit. 12. p. 439 ;
Met. F. H, Lips. p. 111. t. 29. f. 1-4.

Hab. Caracas, Karsten, Fendler, n. 386 ; Funck, n. 769.

2. H. (Evhemit.) subéncisa, Kze.; st. rough, but scarcely muricate ; fr. ample-
pinnate; pinne remote, subpetiolate, firm-membranaceous, from a cuneato-
truncated base, oblong or elliptico-lanceolate, finely acuminate, 10-12 in. 1. by
1-2 in. br., the margin inciso-lobate ; Zobes 2-4 lines 1., with generally an acute

28 5. wewiter1a, § AMPHICOSMIA.

apex pointing upwards ; sori minute, in 2 irregular lines between each pair of
costules.—Kze. n B, Zeit. 1844, p. 296 ; Mett. Fil. Lechl. p. 23.

Hab. Tropical America (Pacific side), Peru, Poeppig, n. 244 (pinne exactly lanceolate) ;
Andes of Kouador, Spruce, n. 5365 (pinnz 2 in. br., elliptical, lanceolate, “caudex none ”) ;
Guatemala, Forest of Vera Paz, Salvin (pinne narrow, oblong, 1 in. w.).—This appears
to be a very distinct species. My specimen under this name from Lechler (Peru, n. 2172),
quite corresponds with my other specimens from Spruce and Salvin.

3. H. (Euhemit.) grandifolia, Spr. ; arborescent ; sf. aculeated ; 77. ample, sub-
coriaceous, pinnated ; pinnw sessile, 1-1} ft. 1., elongato-oblong, acuminated, 1-2
in. br., 3 or 2 of the way to the costa pinnatifid ; Zobes broad-oblong, obtuse,
serrated at the apex, slightly faleate ; sor? on the free veins in a continued line,
intermediate between the costule and the margin, often nearer the latter.—H&.
Sp. p. 80.t.14. A. Cnemidaria Kohautiana, Pr. C. speciosa, Pr.—, smaller
pinne, sori submarginal. H. obtusa, K//s.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 29. t. 14. B.

Hab. W. Indies and N. Granada, Guiana; abundant. Ecuador, Spruce, n. 586.—
Best distinguished from H. horrida by the smaller size, obtuse lobes, and non-marginal
sori. The anastomosing of the veins is very variable, present on some pinnz, absent on
others,

4. H. (Euhemit.) horrida, Br.; arborescent; st. strongly aculeated, decidu-
ously scaly, and often woolly near the base ; fr. very large, 7-10 ft. 1., pinnate ;
pinne sessile, 1-2 ft. 1., broad oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, lowest segm.
sometimes free ; Jobes 3 in. 1, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or lubato-
pinnatifid ; veins pinnated, subfascicled ; sord on the free veinlets, forming a
continued line just within the margin.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 80. t. 15, and Fil. Ez. t. 69.
H. horrida, et Hookeri, Auct.—6, lmrayana ; veins less branched, anastomosing
at the costa. H. Imrayana, Hé. Sp. 1. p. 33, and Ice. Pl. ¢t. 669.

Hab. W. Indies, New Grenada. — B Dominica, Peru, Lechler, Spruce ; Ecuador,
Jameson.—I am satisfied that my H. Imrayana is only a small form of A, horrida,

** Bi-tripinnate. Sp. 5.

5. A, (Euhemit.) petiolata, Hk. ; young fr. and base of the aculeated st. clothed
with large, glossy, castaneous scales, pale at the edge; fr. ample, bi-tripinnate,
pinnatifid at the apex ; prim. pinne and pinnl. petiolated, ult. ones from a trun-
cated and usually broad base, 2-6 in. 1, oblong-lanceolate, more or less acumi-
nate, entire, or variously and more or less deeply pinnatifid, with rounded or
broad-oblong Jodes, entire or slightly lobulate ; pinnl. with free venation, the
deeply pinnatifid ones with the costal veins angularly anastomosing ; sori forming
a beautifully continuous border at the very margin, and following all the sinu-
osities of the lobes.—Hook. Sp. 1. p. 31. t. 16.

Hab. Isthmus of Panama, Sinclair, Fendler, n. 471 and 421, Seemann. Isle of Gor-

gone, Barclay.—This, in venation, is intermediate between the present and the following
section (Amphicosmia),

§§ Amphicosmia. Veins all free. Tas. I.f.5.a. Sp. 6-19.
* Pinnate, Sp. 6-9.

6. H. (Amphic.) speciosa, Hk.; caud. 20-24 ft. high ; young fr. clothed with
glossy, castaneous scales which have a pale, very narrow fringe; st. tuber-
culato-submuricate ; fr. ample, pinnate, very long, pinnatifid at the extremity ;
pinne firm, membranaceous, satiny, 8-12 in. 1, 1-14 in. w., elongato-ensiform
acuminate, entire or merely sinuato-sublobate ; veims all pinnated ; veinlets
free ; sort arranged in a sinuous continued chain or line just within the margin.
—Hhk. ve lp. oe ie and A Fula t. “ oles H, B. K. (not Cnemidaria
speciosa Pr., which is HZ. grandifolia, and, as I believe, Grisebach’s H. speci
. integrifol., K7, Kze. ane others. i ee

Hab. New Grenada, Schlim, n. 842; Fendler, n. 46.—German botanists do not seem

5. HEMITELIA, § AMPHICOSMIA. 29

agreed as to what is the true C. speciosa of Humboldt. My specimens here characterized
sufficiently accord with the description in Willa. & H. B. K.

7. H. (Amphic.) Lindeni, Hk. ; fr. pinnate ; pinne distant, thin-membrana-
ceous, opaque, green above, subpetiolate, 6-12 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., from a cuneato-
truncate base, elongato-ensiform, finely acuminated, the margin pinnatifid or
incised, with rather acute, regular short /obes about 2 lines 1., the apex directed
upwards; veins all pinnate, the branches free; sori in 2-3 irregular lines or
series at the margin.— Hk. Ic. Pl. t. 706.

Hab. Caraccas, Linden, n. 663.—Allied to H. speciosa, but much more freely and acutely
lobed on the margins of the pinnz, and with a very different arrangement of the sori.

8. H. (Amphic.) bella, Reichenb. f.; “ st. aculeated at the base ;” fr. ample,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, pinnated ; pinne distant, petiolate, 1-13 ft. 1., 1} in. w.,
from a subcuneate base, elongato-oblong, obtusely acuminated, entire at the
apex, the rest pinnatifid $ way to the costa, with very blunt, broad, ovate,
spreading, subserrated lobes; veins copiously pinnated, all free; sori quite
marginal, and forming a continuous single line, following the sinuosities of the
lobes to the apex of the pinna.— Reichenbach, fil. in Matt. F. H. Lips. p. 110.

Hab. Caraccas (Mett.).—Doubtless allied to our H. speciosa and Lindeni, but very
different in the coriaceous fronds and the deeply-lobed pinnatifid margins of the pinne.
I only possess a garden specimen from Mettenius.

9. H. (Amphic.) apiculata, Hk. ; fr. glabrous, pinnate, pale-green, subcoriaceo-
membranaceous ; pinn@ sessile, 10-12 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., elongato-oblong, finely
acuminate, deeply (beyond the middle) pinnatifid ; lobes 2 in. 1., oblong, subfal-
cate, aristato-acuminate, subserrate ; sor? small, forming a single line or series
much nearer the margin than the costule ; veins all pinnated and free.

Hab. Mexico and Brazil.— My specimen of 5 pairs of pinnz, partially fertile,
has.very much the appearance of H. (Euhemitelia) grandifolia ; but the lobes are sub-
mucronate and pungent at the apex, and the veins are everywhere quite free.

** Bi-tripinnate. Sp. 10-19.

10. H. (Amphic.) capensis, Br. ; caud. 12-14 ft. high; st. unarmed, scaly at
the base, and often bearing multifid anomalous pinne (which have been mistaken
for some Trichomanes); fr. ample, suabmembranaceous, bi-tripinnate ; prim. pinne
petiolate, ovato-oblong ; genni. subsessile, 2-3 in. 1., 6-8 lines w., oblong-acumi-
nate, deeply pinnatifid, or again pinnate ; /obes linear-oblong, acute, strongly
serrated ; veins simple, 1 to each serrature ; sori frequently solitary at the base
of the lobe or pinnl., rarely 3-4, with a lax, deciduous scale at the base; coste
and costules beneath with scattered, deciduous, bullate scales; recept. large,
prominent.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 86. Amphicosmia riparia, Gardn. in L. J. Bot. 1.
t. 12 (excellent).

Hab. South Africa ; Brazil; Java, Bl. in Hb. nostr.

ms (Species of S. America. Sp. 11-15.)

11. H. (Amphic.) platylepis, Hk. ; st. stout, unarmed, clothed at the base with
very large, dark-brown, glossy scales, having a pale fringe at the margin; /r.
ample, subcoriaceous, villous on both sides, tripinnate ; prim. pinne 12-14 in. 1. ;
second. ones 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. w., again pinnated except at the very apex, oblong-
acuminate ; rachis very hairy, slightly winged ; ult. pinnl. 3-4 lines long, oblong,
the margins recurved, inciso-serrate ; veins forked ; soré copious, 1 to each lohe
or serrature ; énvol. large, hemispherical, quite inferior.— Hk. 2nd Cent. F.
zt. 100.

Hab. Rio Nigro, Brazil, Spruce, n. 3127.

12. H. (Amphic.) calolepis, Hk.; st. bright stramineous, tuberculated, the base
clothed with copious, white, imbricated, satiny sca/es, 1 in. and more L, below

©

30 5. HEMITELIA, § AMPHICOSMIA.

subulate, with a brown line down the centre, much broader upwards ; fr. ample,
membranaceous, bright-green, bipinnate, glabrous but mealy, with small, white,
bullate scales on the coste and costules beneath ; prim. pinne 14 ft. l., broad
ovato-oblong ; pinni. approximate, 4-5 in. 1., 1 in. w., deeply nearly to the costule
pinnatifid ; dobes copious (lowest ones free), linear-oblong, obtuse, coarsely ser-
rated ; veins all forked ; soré (far advanced) small, at the forking of the veins,
mostly towards the costa, subtended by a broken énvol., most conspicuous at the
inferior side.—“ Hemitelia,” Hat.

Hab, Cuba, 0. Wright, n. 950.—Allied to A. platylepis, but very distinct.

13, H. (Amphic.) Wélsoni, Hk.; caud. 12-14 feet high, rather slender ; st.
24 ft.i.; rachises everywhere glabrous and smooth, stramineous- brown ; fr.
12 ft. 1., 43 ft. w., membranaceous, bright-green, glabrous, bipinnate ; prim. pinne
14 ft. 1, 4-5 in. br., oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid at the apex; pinnl.
oblong-lanceolate, horizontal, acuminate, sessile and adnate, pinnatifid only in
the middle (not deeply), regularly alternate ; superior ones slightly decurrent ;
lobes of the pinne pinnatifid at the apex, quite entire, obtuse ; vets fasciculato-
pinnate, free; sori small, forming a line equidistant between the costa and the
margin ; zavol. membranaceous, pale-brown, permanent, irregularly yet often
2-lobed, and these lobes often spreading.—“ Hemitelia Sp.’’ Wiis. in Herb. nostr.

Hab. Mansfield, near Bath, Jamaica, alt. 1,000 ft., Wilson, n. 731.—A very peculiar
and distinct species.

14. H. (Amphic.) macrocarpa, Presl ; caud..“ 7-8 ft. high;” rachises every-
where unarmed, dark-brown; /r. ample, glabrous, subcoriaceous, bipinnate ;
prim. pinne 12-14in. and more l., 6 in. br., petiolate, pinnate, pinnatifid above ;
pinnl, distant, sessile or subpetiolate, 3-4 in. 1., from a truncated or obliquely-
cuneate base, oblong, acuminate, pinnatitid about half-way to the costa, with
triangular-ovate, obtuse, or acute serrated lobes; super. pinnl. decurrent upon the
rachis ; veins free ; sort copious, forming a single series, generally on the forking -
of a vein half-way between the margin and the costule ; zwvol. a small scale at
the base of the sorus.—H. Moricandiana, Kunze.

Hab. Bahia, Blanchet, n. 3227; Brit. Guiana, Appun, n. 193.—This does not appear
to be hitherto anywhere described ; yet it is perhaps too near some of the many forms
A, multiflora.

15. H. multiflora, R. Br.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; st. muricated, often cas-
taneous ; basal scales firm, lanceolate, dark-brown ; rachises grey, nearly naked
beneath ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1., lower reduced ; pinni, 3-4in. 1.,
ligulate, 9-10 lin. br., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. blunt, 2-8 lin. br., entire
or inciso-crenate ; texture moderately firm; upper surface bright-green, glabrous
except the ribs, lower paler subglabrous; veins 7-8-jugate, forked ; soré small,
medial ; zvv. dimidiate, glabrous, firm.—H. guianensis, Hk. Sp.1. p. 81. Ic. t.
648 and edit. 1. H. servitensis, Karst. F7. Columb. 1. t. 95.—8, H. Hostmanni,
Hk. ; teature thinner ; colour duller; ribs below slightly pilose ; segm. entire, cut
down to a broad wing ; imv. not ciliated; H&. Sp.1. 31. Jc. t. 646.—y, H. Parkeri,
Hk.; under surface densely pubescent ; segm. entire, cut down to a broad wing ;
inv. ciliated. ZZk. Sp. 1. p. 82. Ic. t. 648.—Alsophila Weigeltii, Roam. Pres? Tent,
p. 61. A. strigosa, J. Sm.

Hab. Guiana, Columbia, and the Amazon Valley.—For a full account of the varieties
and synonyms see Flora Brasiliensis, fasc. 49. p. 315. _ Polypodium pauciflorum, Hook.

ne i p- 242, Syn. edit. 1. p. 305, is founded upon a poor undeveloped specimen
of this. :

(Species of Ceylon, Pacific, India. Sp. 16-19.)
16. H. (Amphic.) Watkerew, Hk.; st. unarmed or slightly muricated ; /. ample,

°

6. ALSOPIIILA. $1

bi-tripinnate, thick, firm, very coriaceous ; prim. pinne 1} ft. 1., second. pinne
rather remote, 3-4 in. 1., deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid, or again pinnate,
oblong, narrow-acuminate ; pinnl. or lobes oblong, very obtuse, entire or slightly
crenate, often deciduously scaly on the costule beneath ; veins copious, sunk,
forked once or twice ; soz occupying the lowest fork close to the costules ; invol.
large, hemispherical, inferior, at first covering the lower half of the sorus, then
more or less reflexed, and often 2-lobed.—Cyathea, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 24, and Jc. Pl.
t. 647; Thw. En. Pl. Ceyl. p. 396. Amphicosmia, Moore. Alsophila comosa B,
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 53. not a.—B8 tripinnata ; ult. pinnl. larger, lobulato-serrate.

Hab. Ceylon, to an alt. of 6,000 ft.—Our excellent friend Thwaites remarks that its
indusium ‘‘is very variable, sometimes hardly to be detected ;” and, indeed, while this
is in press, he sends me specimens, some of which might be referred to Hemitelia, some
to Alsophila, while others have the involucres nearly of Cyathea.

17. H. (Amphic.) denticulata, Hk.; fr. ample, submembranaceous, bi-tripin-
nate, glabrous ; prim. pinne 14-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., petiolate, dilated, and smaller
at the base of insertion on the main rachis, pinnate, pinnatifid at the acumi-
nated apex ; pinnl, 2-3 in.1., 4 in. br., oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid about 4 way
to the costa, subsessile ; Jobes broad ovato-oblong, denticulato-serrate ; veins pin-
nate, simple or forked, rather distant, about 4 on each side ; sorz small, on the
back of the simple veins, or in the axil of the forked veins, nearer the margin
than the costule.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, 8. Pacific, Cuming., n. 1860.—Readily distinguished in this
group by the membranaceous but firm texture of the fronds, the distant veins, and the
denticulato-serrated margins of the lobes.

18. H. (Amphic.) Smithii, Hk.; “arboreous, unarmed ; st. below densely
crinite, with rigid, elongated, serrulated scales; rachis and costa below sparsely
pilose, with lax, rufous, deciduous scales above, strigoso-villous ; /?. bipinnate ;
prim. pinne linear-elongate, acute, subfalcate, serrated or crenate, very glabrous,
the costules beneath paleaceous or pilose or glabrous ; sorz on the forking of the
veins ; invol. hemispherical.”—Cyathea, Hk. f. Fl. N. Zeal. 2. p. 8. t. 72.

Hab. N. Zealand, Ralfs.

19. H. (Amphic.) Junghuhniana, Mett.; “unarmed ; fr. chartaceous or mem-
branaceous, above deep-green, subglossy, paler beneath, at the costee sparingly
clothed with minute, flattish, adpressed, broadly-ovate, pale, ferruginous, deci-
duous scales ; fr. bipinnatisecto-pinnatipartite; prim. segm. 2ft. 1, 6in. w.,
subsessile, elongato-acuminate ; second. ones 4tin. 1., 8-10 lines w., elongato-
oblong, crenulato-incised or serrulate at the apex; vezms manifest, lax, 6-9 on
each side, forked at the base; sori in the fork close to the costule, sometimes
apart; énvol. squamiform, minute; recept. depresso-globose, here and there bifid ;
paraphyses minute, partly piliform, partly subulate.”—Mett. in Mig. Ann. Mus.
Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 55. Alsophila, Kze. A. lunulata, B/., and Hemitelia javanica,
Pr. (f. Mett.). Amphicosmia, Moore.

. Hab, Java and Sumatra.

Gey. 6. Atsopuita, Br. (See p. 456.)
Sort globose, dorsal, on a vein or in the forking of a vein. Recept. mostly
elevated, frequently villous. Jnvol. O.—Arborescent, chiefly tropical, Ferns, with

the general habit of Cyathea and Hemitelia, but destitute of invol, Veins simple or
Sorked, free. Tan. I. f. 6. S

* (Species of S. America. Sp. 1-387.) :
Pinnate or bipinnate, pinnl. entire or pinnatifid. Sp. 1-6.

32 6. ALSOPIIDA,

1. A. blechnioides, Hk. ; fr. pinnate ; pinne coriaceo-membranaceous, glossy,
6-12 in. 1, lanceolate, suddenly acuminate and serrate at the apex ; sor (mixed
with copious long hairs) scattered in very irregular lines near the costa, sometimes
extending towards the margin.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 35. Metaxya, Pr. Polypod. Sw.
P. Parkeri, Hk. & Gr. Ic. F. ¢. 282. A rostrata, Mart.

Hab. W, Ind. and Trop. America,— Remarkable for the large nearly entire pinnz.

2. A. phegopteroides, Hk. ; caud. 3 ft. 1.5 st. unarmed, short, 3-4 in. 1., clothed
with large lanceolate, glossy, black scales having a pale margin; /r. 14-2 ft. 1.,
subcoriaceous, -black-green above, paler beneath, villous on both sides, especially
beneath, with long spteading hairs, broad-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid at
the apex, lowest ones reflexed ; pinna sessile, 3-4 in. 1. 8-9 lines w., oblong,
shortly and bluntly acuminated, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes
oblong, very obtuse, entire, th: margin a little recurved ; veins forked ; sori at
the fork, in a line between ihe costule and the margin ; rachis and costw beneath
shaggy with whitish hairs, mixed with brownish, narrow scales.

Hab. Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce, n. 4020.—A very peculiar species from the shortness
of the stipes, the simply pinnato-pinnatifid frond (resembling some Lastrea or Phegopteris),
and the hairy clothing, brown and shaggy beneath.

8. A. pubescens, Baker ; st. $-1 ft., brown-stramineous, not muricated; rachis
with fine spreading grey hairs below, not scaly ; fr. oblong, bipinnatifid, 3-4 ft. 1.;
pinne ligulate, central 5-6 in, 1., 3-14 in. br., shortly stalked, the lower reduced,
cut down to a narrow wing into close entire blunt lobes 2-3 lin. br.; feature
moderately firm; both sédes finely downy all over, not at all scaly; veins
10-12-jugate, indistinct, deeply forked; sor? near the midrib at the fork—A
paleolata, Syn. Fil. edit. 1. p. 82. ex parte, non Mart.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2190; Spruce, 4912; New Granada, Purdve.— Caudex 6-10 ft.
high, slender, flexuose, marked with oval scars.” —Spruce,

4, A. Tenitis, Hk.; fr. ample, coriaceo-membranaceoug, bipinnate; pinnl.
distant, 3-5 in. 1., lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subentire, petioled ; petiole
articulated on the rachis; sor? in a single series, equidistant between the costa
and the margin, mixed with long, copious hairs.—Hé&, Sp. 1. p. 35. A. excelsa,
Mart. Cr. Bras. t. 27 and 87. Trichopteris, Pr.

Hab. Brazil.

5. A. elegans, Mart.; st. aculeated; fr. bipinnate, carnoso-coriaceous ; pin.
distant, 2-23 in. 1., linear lanceolate, suddenly acute, obtuse at the base, petioled,
slightly ferruginously woolly and subpaleaceous beneath ; soré in 2 or 8 series,
forming an unequal, broad, and more or less interrupted series nearer the costa
than the margin.—Mart. Pl. Cr. Bras. p. 63 and 38. Ak. S.1. p. 86.

Hab. Brazil; apparently rare. A. crenata, Kunze, is a form with pinnules distinctly
inciso-crenate,

G6, A. marginalis, Kl.; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, glabrous, bipinnate; prim,
pinne 12-14 in. 1., 4% in. w., pinnated, pinnatifid at the apex, oboe, Reumicate ;
pinnl, approximate, truncated at the base, quite sessile, oblong, subfalcato-obtuse,
entire, ue the Ried 3 sort in a single line, forming a flexuose conti-
nuous series @ little within the margin; prim. rachis ver 1 —.
yaa tee. gin; pri 'y paleaceous.—X7Z. in

Hab. Brit. Guiana, R. Schomburgh, n. 1129.—A well-marked and very distinct species.
** Bi-tripinnate or decompound. Sp. 6-63.

7. A. Miersii, Hk.; rachis aculeate; jr. firm-membranaceous, bipinnate,
glabrous ; prim. pinn@ 2 ft. or more l., pinnated to the very apex; pinnl.

6. ALSOPHILA. 33

remote, petiolate, 5-6 in. 1., 5-6 lines w., spreading, linear-lanceolate, subflexuose,
finely acuminate, subirregularly pinnatifid about half-way to the costa;
lobes ovate, entire ; veins pinuated ; veinles simple or rarely forked ; sori rather
copious, occupying the lower portion of the lobes half-way between the costule
and the margin ; recept. very hairy, very slightly elevated. —H&. Sp. 1. p. 38.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

8. A. procera, KIf.; st. aculeated and paleaceous below with very large and
exceedingly glossy, dark brown scales; fr. submembranaceous, bipinnate,
glabrous, pinnatifid at the apex; prim. pinne 1 ft. 1. or more, the rachis winged
above ; pinni. 2-8 in. 1., from a truncated sessile base 4-5 lines w., oblong-
acuminate or obtuse, pinnatifid half-way down to the costa; coste and costules
beneath bullato-squamulose ; /obes short subrotundate, often acute, mostly entire ;
veins simple ; sor¢ small on all the lobes, between the costule and the margin.—
Mart. Cr, Bras. p. 64. t. 40 (zery good). Hk. Sp. 1. p. 38. A. armigera, Kze.
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 39.

Hab. Trop. America, frequent. A. Arbuscula, Presl, is a variety with white bullate
scales on the ribs of the under surface of the pinnules.

9. A. Schiedeana, Pr.; “fr. ample, submembranaceous, bipinnato-pinnatifid ;
pinne and pinn!. alternate, remote, subsessile, the latter lanceolate, unequal at
the base, shortly acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; segm. oblong, falcate, sinuato-
crenate, subdilatate and obtuse at the apex ; sor? arranged between the costule
and the margin, small, somewhat apart; coste and costules sparingly fusco-
paleaceous ; part. and univ. rachises sulcated, fusco-tomentose above, beneath
aculeolate ; st. aculeate ; caud. arboreous.”—Kze. in Linn. 13. p. 149. Hk. Sp.
1, p. 48.

Hab. Mexico, Schiede, Iiebmann.

10. A. compta, Mart.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
1-13 ft. 1.; pinnd. sessile, ligulate, 2-24 in. ]., }-Zin. br., cut down to a narrow
wing ; segm. close, subfalcate, blunt, denticulate, under Zin. br. ; fezture mode-
rately firm; both sides bright green, glabrous, the ribs below with a few minute
white bullate scales ; zeins 6-8-jugate, simple, distinct ; sor? minute, medial.—Je.
Crypt. Bras. t. 44.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil.—Perhaps only a variety of infesta with simple veins.

11. A. paleolata, Mart. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises stramineous, smooth,
finely pubescent below; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1.; pinnd. ligulate,
sessile or short-stalked, 3-4 in. ]., $-Zin. br., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm.
ligulate, blunt, subentire, 4 in. br.; teazture moderately thick, scarcely coriaceous ;
both sides densely pilose, the lower with copious pale broad minute scales on the
ribs ; veins 7-9-jugate, forked ; sori large, medial. Crypt. Bras. t. 44. A. Gard-
neri, Hook. Sp.1.p.41. A. senilis, Klotzsch. A. pauciflora, Pres!.

Hab. Columbia and Brazil. A. hypolampra, Kze., Kuhn, Linn. 36,158, seems from
the description to be a large variety, with sharply toothed segments, the lower subpin-
natifid, with subpinnate veinlets.

12. A. aspera, Br.; st. and rachis strongly aculeated, main (sometimes strongly
aculeated too) and partial rachis above strigillose, slightly scaly beneath and on
the costa, the rest glabrous, often glossy; /r. bipinnate, coriaceous; pinnl,
shortly petiolate, oblong with an acuminated point ; pinnatifid } or 2 of the way
to the costa ; lobes oblong-ovate, often rather acutely serrulate ; costa and simple
or forked veins of the same colour and texture as the frond, bearing small,

E

34 6. ALSOPHILA

deciduous, bullate scales beneath ; sori very deciduous, intermediate between the
costa and margin ; recep. elevated, with few hairs.—Hé. and Gr. Jc, F. t. 218-215.
Sp. 1. p. 89. t.19. B. Als. nitens, J. Sm. (fide Griseb.).

Hab, W. Indies ; Cuba, C. Wright, with large, glossy, lanceolate scales at the base of
the stipes, lin. or more 1.

13, A. ferov, Presl; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises brown-stramineous, the
main ones often strongly muricated ; pinne ovate-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1; pinnd.
sessile, ligulate, 8-4 in. L., 3-Zin. br.; seg. close, ligulate, blunt, denticulate, often
under 1 lin. br. ; ¢evture thin, not coriaceous; both sides bright-green, slightly
hairy on the ribs, not scaly ; veins close, forked, 10-12-jugate; sor? minute,
medial— Hz. Sp. 1. p. 41. A. armata, Mart. Lc. Crypt. t. 48, non Presi.
A. aculeata, J. Sim.

Hab. Spread through the whole of Tropical America.

14. A. eucolepis, Mart.; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises grey-stramineous, naked,
smooth; pinna oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft. 1.; pinni. ligulate-lanceolate, nearly
sessile, 8-4in. lL, #-lin. br.; segm. ligulate, not close, blunt, } in. br., denticulate ;
texture rigidly membranous; both sédes green, the lower with copious minute
white broad scales on the ribs ; veéns 7-8-jugate, forked ; sori minute, medial.—
Le. Crypt. t. 46. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 41. ;

Hab. Brazil and Columbia.—Perhaps not more than a variety of infesta, bearing the
same relation to the type that Arbuscula has to procera.

15. A. infesta, Kze.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises brown-stramineous,
slightly pubescent, the main ones muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-13 ft. ;
pinnl, ligulate, 3 in. 1, §-Zin. br., cut down to a narrow wing; segm. } in. br.,
ligulate, blunt, not close, subentire ; feature subcoriaceous; both sides green,
lower slightly pubescent, scarcely furfuraceous on ribs; veins 7-8-jugate, lower
forked ; sori minute, medial ; recept. paraphysate.—H-&. Sp. 1. p. 42.

Hab. Tropical America; widely spread.

16. A. atrovirens, Presl; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachéses substramineous,
glabrous beneath, smooth or muricated ; pinne lanceolate, 9-15 in. 1., 8-4 in. br. ;
pinnl. subsessile, $-4in. br., cut about halfway down to the rachis; segm. blunt,
ascending, entire, 4 in. br.; teature subcoriaceous ; both sides green, glabrous,
without scales ; veins 4-5-jugate, simple; sor2 minute, medial. Zz. Sp. 1. p. 46.
Polyp. atrovirens, Langs. and Fisch, Ic. t, 14. A. Hookeriana, Klotzsch, Hk. Sp.
1. p. 80.

Hab. South Brazil.

17. A. elongata, Hk.; sharply aculeated, glabrous, except on the rachis above ;
fr. bipinnate; prim. pinne 2-3 ft. 1, 8in. w.; pinni. Gin. and more 1, lan-
ceolate, much elongated, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, terminating in a long,
narrow, serrated, caudate acumen; Jobes 5-6 lines ]., remote, linear, rather
acute, rigid, much falcated, the margins recurved, serrated ; veins twice or thrive
forked from near the base; sor? numerous, covering the entire segments except
at the apex ; bullate scales none, or quickly deciduous ; recept. very hairy. —H&,
Sp. 1. p. 48.

Hab. Columbia, Hartweg, n. 1528; Central America, Barclay, Seemann.—Since first
I published this, I have received specimens from other collectors, identically the
cape with our plant, and to one of which Mr, J. Smith had given the name of Als,

'umacensis, -

6. ALSOPHILA. 35

18. A. Poeppgii, Hk.; “glabrous except the rachis above; pinne closely
pinnated ; pinni. elongated, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, much and suddenly acu-
minated, pinnatifid nearly to the costa ; lobes thick and coriaceous, crowded,
narrow-oblong, falcate, very obtuse, densely clothed with sori to the very apex ;
the margins slightly reflexed ; bullate sca/es none; copious hairs among the
capsules.”—H&. Sp. 1. p. 48. A. villosa, Kze. not Pr.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig, Ruiz et Pav. in Herb. nostr-—This appeara to me quite distinct
from the true Als. villosa, Kze. (which is the Chnoophora Humboldtii, K7f.), and more
allied to our Als. Gardneri.

19. A. villosa, Pr. ; st. short, 1 ft. or more long, unarmed or only beset with
small, elevated, tubercular points, at the base densely clothed with ferruginous,:
subulate, glossy scales 13 in. 1.; fr. coriaceous, bi-subtripinnate, glabrous above,
with a copious, lax, deciduous tomentum on both sides in the young state ; pinnl.
1-3 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, gradually but obtusely acuminate, more or less
deeply pinnatifid ; Zobes oblong, obtuse, entire or coarsely serrated ; veins pin-

' nated ; veinlets forked ; sori occupying nearly the whole space between the costule
and the margin ; capsules mixed with copious hairs.—Hé. Sp. 1. p.44. Cyathea,
H. B. K. Now. Gen. 1. p. 24-7. t. 670. A. rigidula, Mart. Cr. Bras. t. 51. A.
Humboldtii, K7. Chnoophora, K//s.

Hab. Tropical America ; New Granada, Brazil ; Venezuela, Fendler, u. 47 and 492;
8. Chili, Cuming, Capt. King.—Well figured by H. B. K. and by Martins.

20. A. plagiopteris, Mart. ; “fr. bipinnato-partite ; st. aculeate ; partial rachis
and veins downy above; scales on the veins few and deciduous ; pinne linear-
oblong, acuminate; pinnl. linear, much acuminated and pinnatifid; lobes
between the rather broad sinuses lanceolate, falcate, toothed at the apex ; the
Jertile ones nearly entire, the sterile serrated ; in each pinnl. the lowest and
shortest lobe is obliquely adnate with the rachis; sori upon all the segments
8-10.”—Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 73. t. 50. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 44,

Hab. S. Brazil.—Moore alludes to its affinity with his A. axillaris, Polypod. axillare,
Rad. Fil. Bras. t. 41, which is A. hirta, Kif., and which my specimens very much
resemble. 2

21. A. armata, Presl; fr. ample, tripinnatifid or tripinnate ; rachises stra-
mineous, densely pilose, not muricated; pimnw oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.;
pinnl. ligulate-lanceolate, sessile, 3-5 in. 1, 3-1 in. br.; segm. faleate, blunt,
1-13 lin. br., subentire or toothed; texture moderately thick, not coriaceous; both
sides, especially the lower, densely pilose on the ribs, not scaly ; veins 10-12-jug.,
deeply forked ; sori subcostular.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 40. A. hirta, Kaulf. Hk. Sp.
Mart. Ic. t. 44. A. hirsuta, Kunze, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 45. A. Swartziana, Mart.
t.49. A. aculeata, Klotzsch. Cyathea bicrenata, Liebm.

Hab. Throughout the whole of Trop. America one of the commonest, species.

22. A. nigra, Mart. ; st. rather slender, aculeated and as well as the principal
rachises ebony-black ; fr. deep green, submembranaceous, sparsely hairy on the
costee and costules, rarely with a few deciduous scales beneath; prim. pinne
12-14 in. 1, 4-5 in. w.; pinnl. 2-23 in. L, 4 in. w., oblong, shortly acuminate,
deeply % of the way to the costa pinnatifid,-subpetiolate ; lobes oblong, obtuse,
crenato-serrate ; vezns simple or forked ; sori intermediate between the costule
and the margin.—WMart. Cr. Bras. p.71.t. 47. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 46.

Hab. Rio Negro, Brazil.—It were to be wished that many other S. American Alsophile
were as readily distinguished as this.

23. A. radens, Kif.; “ caud. 3 ft. high, 8 in. diam. ; st. 2-8 ft. 1., clothed
with ovate, acuminated, pale brown scales, below together with the ramifica-
tions aculeate, above more densely paleaceo-subvillous ; fr. membranaceous,
lanceolato-ovate, bipinnatisect; prim. segm. at length deciduous, 14 ft. L,

36 6, ALSOPHILA.

elongato-oblong, acuminate, second. ones 2-8 in. 1., not articulated, petiolulate,
on both sides, and, more thickly at the costee hispido-pilose, from a truncated
or on the inferior side cuneate base (the superior rounded), linear-lanceolate,
pinnati-partite ; segm. oblong, the anterior side rotundato-obtuse, denticulate ;
second. veins of the segm. forked, soriferous at the fork, or, simple and soriferous
and the sori dorsal; upper ones sterile; sori between the costule and the
margin, 4-6 on each side the costule ; recept. with copious hairs (paraphyses),
scarcely longer than the capsules,” Mett.— Hh. Sp. 1. p: 46. Mett. #. A. Lips.
p. 109.

Hab. Brazil.—I only possess a garden (but authentic) specimen of this from Professor
Mettenius,

24, A. pycnocarpa, Kze.; “fr. coriaceous, with elevated forked veins, ovate,
bipinnate; prim. pinne petiolate, approximate at the base and apex of the
frond, obliquely lanceolate; st. articulated and incrassated at its base; pinnl.
subsessile, divergent from a broader base,. subeuneately oblongo-lanceolate,
crenate or incised at the base, obtuse at the apex; subfalcate, entire ; costa
albo-squamose beneath ; sori approximate, subcontiguous; rachzses angulate,
flexuose, aculeolate at their base; partial ones margined towards the apex and
as well the aculeolate st. albido-paleaceous ; caud. short.”—Kze. in Schk. Fil,
Suppl. 1. p. 208. t. 86. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 46.

Hab. Peru.—A very peculiar-looking species, judging from the figure, for I have never
seen a specimen.

25. A. microphylla, Kl. ; “fr. 14 ft. 1, bipinnate ; rachis semiterette, convex on
the back, plane upwards, adpressedly hirsute ; pinn@ 4-8 in. 1., lanceolate, patent,
thin ; pinni. 9-15 lines 1, by 4 lines w., pinnatifid, remote, oblong, rather
obtuse, sessile, glabrous above, subhirsute at the rachis beneath, especially
below the middle, clothed at the costa with distant, ovate, acuminate, aureous
scales ; lobes oblong, subfalcate,. obtuse ; veinlets simple; sori small, whitish,
inserted on the middle of the back of the veins, globose ; recept. minute, glabrous.”
—Ki. in Linn, 18, p. 541. A. squamata, KZ. (side Moore).

Hab. Caracas, Moritz, n. 110,

26. A. Salvinit, Hk.; principal rachises 3 in. thick, glossy-ebeneous black,
slightly rough to the touch, scarcely to the eye ; fr. firm, subcoriaceous, glabrous,
dark green, pale b:neath, tripimnate, 8 ft. and more 1., ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate ; second. pinne 4-5 in. 1., oblong-acuminate, again pinnate with close-
placed shortly petiolate pinnl., 3 in. J., subhastato-lanceolate, acute, or obtuse,
pinnatifid, serrated at the apex, lowest pair of lobules frequently rounded and
free (separate from the rest) ; veins pinnated ; sori in a series nearer the costa
than the margin ; recept. often 2-lobed and shortly stipitate.

Hab. Chilasco, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman.—A very distinct and peculiar species.

27. A. Godmani, Hk. ; rachises asperous, stramineous ; /r. bipinnate, mem-
branaceous, full green and more or less hairy on both sides with sparse, white,
longish hairs ; prim. pinn@ 16-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. w., oblong, much acuminate ;
pinnl. approximate, sessile, 24-8 in. 1, 5-6 lines wide, narrow-oblong, horizontal,
deeply to the costa pinnatifid, almost pinnate ; lobes very compact and crowded,
so that the space between them can scarcely be seen except when held between
the eye and the light, pinnatifid about half-way down to the costa with small,
acute, ovate /obules, upper ones rarely toothed ; veins one to each lobule, once or
twice forked, the lowest lobule (exactly square), only one veinlet on each side
soriferous ; sori small, of few caps., receptacles hairy 3 principal rachises and coste
en pubescent and villous, and partially paleaceous with small ciliated
scales.

Hab. Coban, Guatemala, Salvin-& Godman.—aA very elegant and very distinct species

6. ALSOPHILA. 37

especially in the small, very close-spaced and strongly pinnatifid lobes, of which the lowest
pairs are exactly square, adnate on two sides with the costa and costule.

28. A. vernicosa, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; racnises brown-stramineous
glabrous; pinne oblong - lanceolate, $1 ft. 1.3 pinnl. subsessile, ligulate
1-23 in. 1, cut down to a broad wing into oblong ascending close blunt entire
segm. din. br. ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces green, subglabrous, the ribs
below with a few broad whitish scales; veinlets 4-5-jugate, the lower forked ;
sori supra-medial, moderately large—Kuhn Linnea, 36. p. 155.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 844. Cutting like villosa, with a very different vesti-
ture,

29. A. melanopus, Hk.; “ caud. 3-15 ft. high, 1 ft. diam., unarmed, ramen-
taceous ” (Spruce) ; #. 3 ft.1., 1 in. thick, intense ebony-black (as well as the prim.
rachises), slightly tuberculate and at the base paleaceous with very long, narrow
scales ; fr. coriaceo-membranaceous, glabrous ; prim. pinne 5 ft. 1.,12 pairs 3 ft.,
or nearly so l., 1 ft. w. in the broadest part ; pinni. 6 in. 1., 12-14 lines w., distinctly
petiolate, from a broad base oblong, rather suddenly tapering into a serrated
acumen, deeply pinnatifid to nearly the costa ; Jobes oblong, falcate, 3 lines wide,
obtuse, entire ; reins distinct, all forked, sori at the forking of each vein, much
nearer the costule than to the margin ; cost and costules quite free from scales and
mostly quite glabrous.—? 6 caudez slender, subflexuose, 3 ft. high ; pizni. sessile ;
Zobes narrower and more acute.

Hab. In woods, Chimborazo, alt. 3,000 ft., Spruce, u. 5742.—8 Montana de Canelos,
Spruce.—Habit and size of the pinnules very much as in Cyathea divergens (p. 17), but
clearly an Alsophila, with intensely ebeneous prim. and second. rachises. I am doubtful
about my var. 8, which may prove a distinct species.

30. A. chimborazensis, Hk. ; “ caud.15 ft. high, 4 in. diam., aculeate (Spruce) ;
st. very stout, 3-4 ft. ]., furfuraceo-pubescent, dirty brown, aculeated with very
sharp, strong spines, and paleaceous with large, dark, brown, glossy scales ;” fr.
9-10 ft. 1, ovato-lanceolate, subcoriaceous (“subscandent amongst neighbouring
branches”); prim. pinne 2% ft.1., by 1 ft. w. ;-pinnl. rather distant, distinctly
petiolate, 1-1} in. w., horizontal, from a broad base oblong, acuminate, deeply
pinnatifid near to the costa ; Jobes oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, entire, the margins
a little recurved ; veins conspicuous, forked near the base; sori at the forks and
close to the costule; main rachis thicker than a man’s thumb, and as well as
the second. ones aculeate, having a dirty aspect from a clothing of furfuraceo-
pubescence.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5743.—This has still more the aspect

of Cyathea divergens than our Als. melanopus ; but here, again, the sori are clearly those
of Alsophila. It is, however, the much more strongly aculeated of the two.

31. A. conjugata, Spruce ; “caud. 40 ft. high, 1 ft. diam., aculeate, destitute of
scales” (Spruce) ; st. 3 ft. |., 1 in. and more thick, prickly with short, stout, not very
sharp spines; fr. 9 ft. 1., ovato-lanceclate, coriaceous; prim. pinne 23 pairs,
“all exactly opposite, save at the very apex,” 2-3 ft.1.; pinni. alternate, quite
sessile, 4-5 in. |., 6-7 in. w., pinnatifid nearly to the costa ; dobes linear, from a
broad base, acute, crenato-serrate at the slightly recurved margin ; sori rather
small, close to the costule, one to each serrature ; rachises (all) and coste and
costules rasty-pubescent and hairy.—Spruce, mst. in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 4745.—Very remarkable for the
exactly opposite prim. pinnz : the second, ones are alternate,

82. A. Sprucei, Hk. ; “‘ caud. none, reduced to a subglobose rhizome” (Spruce) ;
st, 4 ft. 1., stout, strongly aculeate at the base, clothed with ferruginous scales of
two kinds, long, very slender, dense, hair-like ones, and others large and lan-
ceolate; fr. subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4 ft.1.; prim. pinn@ 12-14 in.1.; pinni.

38 6, ALSOPHILA,

21-8 in. L, in. w., oblong-acuminate, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ;
lobes oblong, falcate, acute, entire, margins slightly reflexed ; sori copious, occu-
pying the space between the costule and the margin ; rachises and costw beneath
free from scales or pubescence.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt, 2,500 ft., Spruce, n. 5740.—“ A pretty Fern when growing.”
Spruce.

33. A. aterrima, Hk.; st. castaneous, copiously aculeate, and at the base
shaggy with very long (1}in.), dense, ferruginous, flexuose scales and fine
hairs; fr. ample, thick, carnoso-coriaceous; black above, a little paler and
zhocolate-coloured beneath, villous above; rachis shaggy ; coste and costules, espe-
cially beneath, clothed with deciduous, tawny, lanose hair; prim. pinne 1 ft.
and more l., pinnd, 2-24 in, ]., 4lines w., deeply to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes
oblong, very obtuse, entire ; soré chiefly on the lower half of the lobes (about 6),
close to the costa, ferruginous.

Hab. Near Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce, n. 4718.—The blackest-looking species, when
dry, I am acquainted with, and of a very firm and coriaceous texture.

84, A. pruinata, Kif.; unarmed ; s¢. densely lanigerous at the base ; fr. coria-
ceous, piauicous, bi-tripinnate; prim. pinne: petiolate, 12-18 in. 1., ovato-lan-
ceolate ; pinnl, 8-4 in. L, lin. w.3 petiolulate, from a broad base oblong-
acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, or again pinnate; lobes or wit. pinnl. % in. 1,
lanceolate, very acute, deeply or pinnatifidly and sharply serrated ; sov@ solitary,
near the costule, one to each lobule or serrature ; costw and costules beneath
often very hairy, and hairs mixed with the capsules on a small recept.—_H&. Sp.
1. p. 47. Poloyp. griseum, Schk. Fil. t. 25. Trichosorus glaucescens, densus
et frigidus, Ziebm. Lophosorus, Pr.

Hab. Tropical America and W. Ind., extending as far south as Chili ; Juan Fernandez.

35. A. frigida, Karst. ; “caud. not lofty; st. and rachises clothed sparingly
with deciduous tomentum and, especially at the base, muricated ; fr. ovato-lan-
ceolate, tripinnate, coriaceous; prim. and second. pinne from a broad base
gradually narrower and acuminated ; pind. 4in.1., oblong, more or less adnate at
the base, densely squamose beneath, pinnatifid ; the dodes falcate, obtuse, crenate,
separated by a very narrow, acute sinus, penniveined; the margin revolute;
veins simple or forked, the lower ones on the middle of the back or in the fork
soriferous ; recept. semiglobose, pilose.”—Karst. Fl. Columb. ¢. 80.

Hab, Andes of Bogota, alt. 15,300 ft., Karsten,

86. A. mexicana, Mart. ; “/r. tripinnatifido-partite, sparingly hirsute on both
sides ; st. and rachis rough with hairs and furnished with scales varying in size ;
o“ linear-oblong, acute; pénni. linear-acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate
-tobes obliquely and broadly ovate, entire or emarginato-bidentate ; soré on each
‘lobe near the rachis 2-8.”—Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 70.t.45. Hkh. Sp. 1. p. 47.

Hab. Mexico,

37. A. myosuroides, Liebm.; “caud. 10-16 ft. 1., 8-4 in. diam. ; 7. ample;
pinne patulous, petiolate, elongato-lanceol. 14-2 ft. 1. ; pinnl. divergent, 3-34 in.
1, 4 in. w., elongato-lanceolate, long-acuminate, acute, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes
from a dilated base linear-lanceolate, falcate, rather obtuse, crenulato-falcate ;
margins a little revolute, the sinuses angled; the apew of the pinnl. contracted,
3-1 in. 1, 1-2. lines w., crenated ; costa on both sides appresso-pilose ; sor?
numerous on each lobe, at length confluent; st. 1 ft. 1., 1 in. thick, aculeolate
with straight prickles.” —Liebm. F. Mex. p. 184.

Hab. Mexico, on mountains, alt, 2,400 ft., Ziebmann.—The author seems to allude to an
affinity with Als. armata, Pr. I possess copious specimens from Dr, Liebmann gathered

6. ALSOPHILA, 39

in Mexico, and from the Copenhagen Garden, where it is cultivated ; but, save in the
caudate apices of the pinnules, it possesses scarcely any distinguishing characters.

37*. A. oligocarpa, Fee; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; rachises grey-stramineous,
smooth, glabrous ; pinne oblong, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnd. lanceolate, stalked, 5-6 in. 1.
18-21 lin. br., lower reduced ; segm. free, ligulate, 3-4 lin. br., deeply pinnatifid,
with oblong blunt lobes ; teztwre moderately firm ; both surfaces green, glabrous ;
veins pinnate in the quaternary lobes, with simple veinlets ; sord minute, medial,
4-6 to the lower lobes.—A. decomposita, Karst. F7. Columb. 2. p. 185. t. 198.

Hab, Andes of Columbia.—Pinne largest and most compound of all the known
species,

** Species of the Pacific Isles, Australia, and N. Zealand. Sp. 38-47.

38. A. samoensis, Brack.; “arborescent, unarmed; st. and common rachis
fulvo-tomentose above ; 77. glabrous, nearly membranaceous, bipinnate ; pinnd.
elongato-lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, pinnatifid ; Jobes oblong, obtuse, sub-
falcate, serrated ; part. rachises and costa and veins (which, are slender, forked,
setose above) beneath bullato-squamose; sori few, infra-axillary, nearer the
costa than the margin ; recept. columnar, with a lacerated scale beneath, and hairs
among the capsules.” —Brack. Fil. p. 287. t. 40. f. 1. /

Hab. Samoan Isles, Brackenridge; Louisiade Archipelago, McGillivray.—I have seen
no authentic specimen of this ; but some of my specimens from the Louisiade sufficiently
accord with the description and figure above quoted.

89. A. decurrens, Hk.; unarmed; fr. membranaceous, bipinnate above, the
rest tripinnate, sparsely villous with long, white hairs on both sides, chiefly on
the costules and veins, the former scurfy with small bullato-acuminated scales ;
prim. pinne 1-14 ft. 1., 6 in w., oblong-acuminate ; second. pinne 2-3 in. 1., oblong-
acuminate, pinnated; wl. pinnl. 4-6 lines 1., 14 line w., from an adnate and
decurrent base oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid half-way down to the costule ; lobes
ovate, acute, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth ; sori 1 to each lobe of few lax capsules.
—AHE. Sp. 1. p. 51.

Hab. Pacific Islands; Aneiteum, Samoan Islands; N. Caledonia (Vieillard).—A
species not likely to be confounded with any other.

40. A. truncata, Brack. ; main and second. rachises dark purple, glossy, sharply
muricate, deciduously furfuraceo-tomentose, as well as the coste and costules
Heneath ; 7/r. tripinnate, firm, coriaceous, bright green above, paler beneath ; prim.
pinne 10-16 in. ]., 4-5 in. w., oblong, acuminate ; second. ones 2-3 in. }., ¢-3 in.
w., oblong, sessile, pinnated to the very short pinnatifid acumination ; w/t. pinnl.
very small, rather distant, from a truncated shortly petiolated free base, linear-
oblong, acute, the margin recurved, sinuato-lobate ; costule thick and prominent,
bullato-squamulose ; veins forked, almost from the base ; sor? small, dark orange,
lax, near the costule.— Brack. Fil. p. 288.

Hab. Fiji and Samoan Islands, Brackenridge; Ngau, Milne.—A very distinct and
peculiar species,

41. A. nove-caledonie, Mett.; main and second. rachises rufo-fuscous, muri-
cate and, as well as the coste beneath hirsuto-tomentose, and very minutely
paleaceous; jr. coriaceous, dark blackish green above, glossy as if varnished
(beneath in our specimen wholly covered with fructification), tripinnate ;
prim. pinne 1% ft. 1, Gin. w.; second. ones sessile, linear-oblong, 4-5 lines w.,
pinnated, except the acuminated serrated apex; wit. pinnl, rather distant 2-24
lines 1, less than 1 line w., linear-oblong, obtuse, sessile, and slightly decurrent
at the base, the margins recurved subcrenulate ; sori copious, occupying the
space between the costule and the margin.—Mett. Fil. N. Caled. n. 100.

Hab. N. Caledonia, Vietllard, nu. 1633.—Mettenius compares this with A. truncata,
Brack, ; no doubt its nearest affinity, but it is truly distinct

40 6. ALSOPHILA,

42, A. Rebecce, F. Muell.; cawd. slender, 8 ft. high; fr. ample, bipinnate ;
lower pinne oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in, 1., 4-6 in. br.; pinnl. 20-80 on each side,
the lower ones stalked, linear, 2-3 in. 1., $ in br., the apex acuminate, the upper
part deeply, the lower less deeply incsio-crenate, the base rounded on both sides,
slightly auricled abuve ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachises reddish-brown, slightly
fibrillose, the main one rough, with raised points ; upper surface naked, lower
scattered over with small membranous scales; veins fine, 4-5 in a group; soré prin-
cipally in 2 rows midway the midrib and edge—ragm. 5. p. 58. Hk. Le, t, 1016.

Hab. Rockingham Bay, Messrs. Hill d Dallachy.—Very near A, podophylla, but the
veins few, and under surface with small scattered scales.

43. A. Leichardtiana, F. Muell.; st. jointed upon the caud.; main and second,
rachises all dark ebeneous purple, deciduously pulverulent, mucronato-spinulose ;
fr. firm, cartilagineo-chartaceous, dark-green above, subglaucous beneath, gla-
brous or nearly so and scaleless, tripinnate ; prim. pinnae 14-2 ft. L., 8 in. w., ob-
long lanceolate, acuminate; second. pinne oblong-acuminate, sessile, pinnatifid
only at the apex ; coste beneath pubescenti-asperous ; wt. pinnl, and lobes linear-
oblong, acute, the margins slightly recurved, spinuloso-serrate ; soré copious,
clots to the costa ; vecept. small, not hairy—A. Macarthurii, H4, A. Moorei, ©

. Sm.

Hab, Woods near Sydney, Sir Wm. McArthur ; Hastings and Marlony Rivers, Beckler ;
Illawara, Shepperd ; Mt. Lindsay (caud. 20-25 ft.1., Qin. w.). ‘* Whip-stick Fern” of the
colonists,— Allied to A. austradis, but assuredly distinct.

44, A. australis, Br. ; st. with very long, firm, subulate scales, 14 ft. L,
and as well as the main rachises muricato-asperous, stramineous ; fr. ample,
coriaceo-submembranaceous, subglaucous beneath, more or less villous on the
cost and costule above, and very minutely bullato-paleaceous beneath, often
quite naked ; prim. pinne 1} ft. 1, 6-10. in. w.; pennl, 3-4 in. 1., 3-2 in. w.,
oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, or, towards the base even pinnate ; wit.
pinnl, or lobes oblong, acute, serrated, subfalcate ; sord copious, rather small,
intermediate between the costule and the margin; recept. villous.—Hé&. Sp.
1. p. 50. 2.19. A.

z nee Tasmania and Australia, especially in the South ; Hastings and Clarence Rivera,
eckler,

45. A. Colensoi, Hk. f.; unarmed, caud. small, to 4-5 ft. 1.; st. short, densely
clothed with very long, white, silvery, subulate scales, 1 in. 1., and with copious
lesser dark brown ones on the rest of the stipes, rachises, and coste, mixed with
small bullate scales ; 7/7. submembranaceous, subhirsute, 2-4 in. 1, 10-12 in. or
more w.; prim. pinne 12-14 in. L, oblong, acuminate ; pénnl. 2 in. 1., 4-5 in. w.
rather distant, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; /obes 2-3 lines L., ‘ovato-
oblong, strongly serrated ; vezns all simple; sor? small, nearer the costule than
the margin.— Hk. f. Fl. N. Zeal. 2. p. 8. t. 73.

‘Hab, New Zealand, Northern Island, Colenso ; Otago, Sinclair.

46, A. excelsa, Br. ; st. and main rachises muricated ; fr. ample, coriaceous,
dark green above, paler beneath, when young more or less ferrugineo-tomentose
beneath, mixed with copious, small, bullate scales on the costz and costules :
prim. pinn. 14-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. w.; pénnl. numerous, approximate, oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, deeply to the costule pinnatifid, often quite pinnate ; lobes
or ult. ala +2 be Ie oe or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, faleate, the
margins subrecurved, serrated ; veins once or twice or mor : i i
pede costules.—Hk. Sp. 1. Pp 49.18, A. ee eee

Hab. Norfolk Island.—Said to have a trunk 60-80 ft.]. The segments of the sterile
fronds are larger and broader than the more coriaceous fertile ones, and of a paler green
It appears to be a larger and stouter-growing plant than A. australis, ‘

6. ALSOPHILA. 41

47, A. lunulata, R. Br.; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises stramineous, glabrous
below, densely muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnd. close,
ligulate, sessile, 4-5 in. 1, #-1 in. br.; segm. close, ligulate falcate, blunt, 1 lin.
br., obscurely crenulate ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; both sides green, glabrous, the
midrib below naked or obscurely furfuraceous ; veins distinct, crowded, 10-12-ju-
gate, deeply forked; so7? minute, subcostular, recept. densely pilose.—2Z&. Sp.
lp. 51, Brack, Fil. 1.39. Carr, Fl. Vit. p. 834.

Hab. Polynesia.—From the common Viti plant, as described, the following are dis-
tinguishable: intermedia, Mett., N. Caledonia, segments broader, veins and sori more
distant ; Bongardiana (Mett.), Bonin, segments broader, entire, rather glaucous below,
with copious scattered scales, veins more distant and obscure ; vitiensis, Carruth., Viti
and Samoa, texture more rigid, veins and sori more crowded, midribs below densely
scaly ; Vettchit, Baker, Aneitum, texture less coriaceous, veins less distinct, segments
narrow, subacute, densely sealy on midribs beneath.

***® Species of India, Ceylon, Malaya. Sp. 48-63.

48. A. alternans, Hk.; rachis much thicker than a swan’s quill, glabrous,
smooth, tawny-brown; /r. ample, subcoriaceous, glabrous, subtripinnate ; prim.
pinne short-petiolate, very remote, 10-14 in. 1., 2-3 in. w., oblong, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid, pinnated near the base; lobes or pinnl. 1-1} in. 1. oblong,
acute, subfalcate, entire or serrate, all horizontal, the extremity of the frond
suddenly pinnated with oblong, undivided, sessile pénzd., serrated at the margin ;
veins approximate, once or twice forked; sord subbiseriate on each pinnl. or
lobe, subglobose, compact, mixed with rather copious jointed hairs.—Polypod.
Wall. Hemitelia? Ak. Sp. #1. p. 29. Lc. Pl. t. 622 (omitting f. 3).

Hab. Penang, Wallich, Sir W. Norris.—In the figure above quoted, a depression
formed by the sorus on the lobe was mistaken by the artist for an involucre.

49. A.? celebica, Mett.; “fr. tripinnate, coriaceous, glauco-sericeous beneath ;
pinni. linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; second. pinni, linear-subfalcate, rather
obtuse, crenulate at the apex, truncate and sessile at the base; common rachis
furfuraceous, sparingly and slightly aculeated.”— Met. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd. 1. p. 26. Cyathea? Bl. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 26.

Hab. Celebes and Ternate, Blume.—A sterile fragment of this (and but little
more seems to be known) I owe to Dr. Blume. Its characters, such as they are,
depend on the adventitious clothing : the rachis is muricated and furfuraceous ; the costa
beneath is shortly villous and furfuraceous; and the general frond beneath is ‘‘ glauco-
Bericeous.””

50. A. comosa, Hk.; unarmed; st. paleaceous with long linear-subulate
scales, pale brown, as well as the rachises, which are tawny-villous on the upper
side; fr. herbaceous, yellow-green, glabrous, and scaleless ; prim. pinne 14-16
in. 1, 6-8 in. w.; pinni. oblong-acuminate, from a rather broad and truncated
sessile or shortly petioled base serrated 2 of the way to the costule, pinnatifid
with very narrow sinuses; Jobes close- placed, oblong-serrated; veims rarely
forked ; sor¢ orange-colour, rather distant, between the costule and the margin,
nearer the latter, receptacle small, very slightly elevated. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 53. t.
20. A. (excl. var. B). A. squamulata, Dfett. A. oligosora, Kunze.

Hab. Sincapore and Malay Isles,

51. A. contaminans, Wall. ; st. and rachides “ paleaceous at the base,”’ purplish-
brown, glossy, aculeate with short prickles tipped with a gland; fr. ample,
coriaceous, glabrous, black-green above (when dry), glaucous beneath: orim.

F

42 6. ALSOPHILA.

pinne 2, ft. and more 1., oblong-ovate, acuminate; pinnl. sessile, 4-5 in. 1., 4 to
nearly 1 in. w., deeply, near to the costule, pinnatifid, linear-oblong, subfalcate,
entire, the fertile ones often more contracted with margins (when dry) revolute,
obscurely crenate ; veins once or twice forked; soré nearer the costule than the
margin; a minute shallow-lobed and cut membrane syrrounds the base of the
receptacle after the capsules are fallen —H&. Sp. 1. p. 52. 18. B. Mett. in Mig.
1. p. 64 (Alsoph.). Chnoophora glauca, Bl. A. Brunoniana, Wall. Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 53.

Hab. Java and Malay Islands; Sylhet; Cachar, near Assam, Hk. & Thoms.—Some
of my specimens exhibit in a perfect state of the sori a thin membranous? covering,
which breaks away from the top and gradually disappears. A. Brunoniama is probably
identical with this, but scarcely known, except from the caudex and withered fronds
alluded to in Sp. Fil. 2. ¢.

52. A. crinita, Hk.; st. and main rachis stramineous, brown, hispido-
paleaceous and strongly muricate ; spines short, tipped with a black gland ; jr.
subcoriaceo-membranaceous ; rachises pilose above, beneath and on the costee
densely paleaceo-crinite ; scales sometimes short and minute, generally elongate
and adpressed ; prim. pinne 2 ft. 1., 10 in. w. ; pinni. oblong, acuminate, sessile,
pinnatifid nearly to the costuli; Jobes narrow-oblong, subobtuse, falcate, the
margins recurved, serrated; coste and veins often pilose; veirs forked ; sori
covering the whole underside of the lobes, mixed with ciliated scales.—Hé&. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 54, and Ic. Pl.t. 671. Bedd. Fil. 8S. Ind. p. 20. t. 59.

Hab. Ceylon, Nilghiris (Beddome) ; Java, De Vriese (excessively shaggy when young,
with very long, fulvous, paleaceous hairs).—A very shaggy-looking species from the
copious hairs and scales, Mettenius unites it with A. tomentosa, a species of Blume;
but if what I receive under that name be the true plant, it.is a very different species,
the A, lepifera of J. Smith, our A, tomentosa,

53. A. tomentosa, Hk.; scarcely anywhere hairy or villous; sf. and main
rachises palish brown, strongly muricated with short’ spines tipped with a black
gland; jr. coriaceous, blackish-green above, beneath in all my specimens
copiously cobwebby with small white subtomentose ragged scales, which fill up
all the interstices of the copious sori, which together cover the whole surface of
the frond in all my specimens (the rest as in A. crinita).—Hh&. Sp. 1. p. 55.
Mett. in Mig, Ann, Mus, Bot. 1. p. 53, Chnoophora, Bi, Als. lepifera, J. Sm. &
Hk, Sp. 1. c. p. 54.

Hab. Java; 8. Comarines, Cuming ; Formosa, Wilford.

54. A. caudata, J.Sm.; unarmed; /r. glabrous, firm, subcoriaceo-membrana-
ceous ; pinnl. sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, broadest at the base, the apex is sud-
denly contracted into a long, narrow-serrated, tail-like acumen ; the Jobes oblong,
a little falcate, rather obtuse, serrated ; veins simple or forked ; bullate scales
none aon close to the costule on the lower half of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 52.
t. 20. B.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming.—A very dubious species, having some affinity with con-
taminans and, as J. Smith thinks, with lunulata.

55. A. ramispina, Hk.; st. subasperous, ebeneous (as well as the rachises and
cost), a little paleaceous at the base and there bearing 8-5 subsecund, black
spines 13 in. 1., with numerous sharp divaricating branches ; fr. subcoriaceo-
membranaceous, dark green above, paler beneath, where the costa is quite scurfy
with small brown bullato-paleaceous scales ; prim. pinnee 1 ft. and more 1., oblong,
pinnatifid at the apex; pinnl. 24-3 in. 1., 3 in. w., oblong, subpetiolate, obtusely
acuminate, pinnatifid § of the way to the costules ; dobes oval-oblong, obtuse,
serrated towards the apex ; veins mostly simple (in the fertile pinnules) ; sore
small, of few capsules, chiefly on the lower veins, and near the costule, which is
very minutely bullato-squamulose ; recepf. minute.

6. ALSOPHILA. AS

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo ; alt. 2,700, 7. Lobb.—Its nearest affinity is perhaps with
A, squamulata, from which the fronds differ in colour and texture ; and it is remarkable
for the large and curiously branched spines at the bases of the stipe

56. A. podophylla, Hk. ; st. generally sharply mucronato-aculeate and, as well
as the main rachises, purple-brown ; fr. subcoriaceo-membranaceous; prim.
pinne 14-2 ft. and more long, pinnatifid at the apex ; pinnd. extremely variable
in size and shape, petiolate, 4-8 in. ]., 4-1 in. w., from a truncate, or subhastate,
or cordate base sword-shaped, acuminate, entire, or serrated only towards the
apex, or slightly lobed, or more or less pinnatifid, rarely deeply pinnatifid and
even pinnate towards the base ; veins pinnated ; veinlets often united in the more
entire pinnules towards the margin, bearing a sorus near their base, and conse-
quently parallel with the primary vein—H/é. K. Gard. Misc. 8. p. 834, and in
2nd Cent. of Ferns, t. 66.

Hab. Chusan; Hong-Kong, frequent. Variable as is this handsome species, I cannot
but consider it quite distinct from A. glabra of Bl.

57. A. commutata, Mett.; st. paleaceous, at the base tuberculato-asperous, and,
as well as the rachises, dark ebeneous-purple, subulato-squamulose ; fr. singu-
larly firm and coriaceous, rich brown when dry; prim. pinne 12 ft. 1., 6-8 in.
w., stipitate ; pinnl. rather distant, all petiolate (petiole often 2 lines 1.), oblong-
acuminate, pinnatifid rather less than half-way to the thickened costule ; lobes
ovato- or rotundato-serrated ; costule with a few deciduous bullate scales; soré
few, close to the costule.—A. squamulata, edit. 1. non Mett.

Hab. Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Grifith, Cuming.

58. A. glabra, Hk. 3 st. asperous, paleaceous at the base, and, as well as the
main rachises, purple-ebeneous, polished ; fr. subcoriaceo-membranaceous ; prim.
pinne 14-2 and more ft. 1., deeply pinnatifid at the apex ; pinnl., upper ones
sessile, ower ones petiolate, from a truncated base, oblong-acuminate, 3-6 in. 1.,
5-9 1. w., pinnatifid, 3-4 way to the costule, rarely more ; dobes triangular or
rounded, rarely ovate, serrated ; veins pinnated, vetnlets all simple ; sori on most
of the lobes, generally arranged in the shape of a V inverted, not extending to
the apex of the lobe-—H&. Sp. 1. p. 51. Bedd. Fil, p. 20. t. 60 (very good).
Als. gigantea, Hé&, 1. c. p. 53.

Hab. Java and Malay Islands, generally (Moulmein, n. 3. Parish); China and
throughout India ; Ceylon.

59. A. latebrosa, Hk. ; st. aculeate at the basé, muricated upwards, dark maho-
gany-brown in colour; prim. pinne oblong-acuminate, 12-24 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 in. 1, 4 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into numerous linear-oblong, blunt, slightly-toothed lobes on each side; texture
’ herbaceous, upper surface dark-green, naked, lower surface naked, or slightly
hairy and scaly ; veins all once forked ; sort elevated, conspicuous, occupying
often the lower two-thirds of the segment.—Hz&. Sp. 1. p. 87. Bedd. Fil. p. 19,
t.58. Polypodium, Wall, Hemitelia, Mett. in Mig. 1. p. 54.

Hab. Common almost throughout India proper and the Malay Islands, Formosa,
&c.—There are plenty of scales amongst the fructifications, but none, I think, thai
can constitute 2 Hemeteloid imvolucre. The Himalayan plant included here is A.
Ahasyana, Moore, Kuhn Linnea, 36. p. 154, and A. Oldhami, Beddome, Ferns Brit,
Ind. ¢. 343.

60. A. lurida, Hk.; st. smooth; rachis slightly scabrous and scaly below,
densely tomentose and scaly above ; fr. broadly lanceolate; prim. pinne 1 ft. 1.;
pinnl. more than 2 in. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-
oblong nearly entire segments ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface dark-green,
naked, lower densely scaly on the rachis and coste.—Chnoophora, Bl. Meit. in
Mig. Ann, Mus, Bot. L, Bat, 1. p. 53.

44 6. ALSOPHILA.

Hab. Java, BZ. in Herb, nostr. (but sterile), and Celebes.—I possess what I consider
quite another plant, with membranaceous fronds, and quite free from scales beneath, ex-
cepta few minute, widely scattered bullate ones, from Dr. Miquel, under the name, from
Java, and what I believe to be the same also, but quite destitute of bullate scales, from
Mr. Parish, Moulmein ; both in too imperfect a state to merit further notice.

61. A. crenulata, Mett.; “/r. bipinnate (or 3-pinnatifid) submembranaceous,
beneath bullato-squamulose on the coste ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, deeply
pinnatifid ; segm. linear-oblong, obtuse, serrulate ; sord (1-4) near the base of the
costules ; rachises tomentose above, asperulous beneath; caud, arboreous.”—
Bi. En, Fil. Jav. p. 246, under Als. extensa, excl. Syn, (Mett.)

Hab. Java, Blume in Hb, nostr.—Some Indian Alsophile, in my Herbarium, I am
unable to refer to any known species, nor are the specimens sufficiently perfect to justify
me in describing them.

62. A. tristis, Bl. ; st. as thick as a goose-quill, 2 ft. 1. and more, dark purple,
glossy, and as well as the main rachis (of the same colour) tuberculato-asperous ;
Jr. subcoriaceous, blackish-brown when dry, ovato-lanceolate, 5 ft. 1. and more,
tripinnate ; prim. pinne distant (3-4 in. apart below), 1 ft. 1, often 4 in. w.,
ovato-lanceolate, much acuminated ; secund. pinne 2-3 in. ]., oblong-acuminate ;
ultimate pinni. sessile, 8-5 lines 1., oblong-obtuse, inciso-pinnatifid about half-way
to the costule ; upper portion of the main rachis, the secund. rachises, and costa espe-
cially beneath, furfuraceo-hirsute ; veivs pinnated in the ultimate pinnules ; sord
large, one to each lobule; capsules, when young, apparently agglutinated, close-
pressed ; receptacle elevated. Alsophila tristis, Bl. in Hb. nostr. Cystopteris,
Metten. in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Java, Blume, Millett, De Vriese.—A very remarkable Fern, with much of the
‘general aspect of Diacalpe. I find no trace of an involucre ; yet Mettenius has referred
it to Cystopteris. I possess from Blume apparently a pinnule of another Java Fern,
somewhat allied to this, under the name of Alsophila tenuisecta, which also I cannot find
described : the fragment is 4 in. 1. and 19 in. w., bipinnate, dark olive-brown ; ultimate
segm. 2 lines 1., oblong-obtuse, sessile, pinnatifido-serrate, laxly villous, as is the pale
rachis ; veins pinnated ; one small sorus on the superior basal vein, of few capsules. It
is probably a Phegopieris,

63. A. subglandulosa, Hance ; st. densely clothed at the base with long flaccid
linear light-brown scales ; fr, ample, tripinnate ; lower pinne 1 ft. 1. ; pinnules
lanceolate pinnatifid, the lower segments cut down nearly to the rachis, ciliated
ut the edge with glandular hairs; the dateral veins once forked ; prim. and secund.
rachises densely clothed with small linear dark-coloured scales, texture herba-
ceous ; sort copious. Ann, Sc. Nat. ser. 5. vol. 5. p. 258.

Hab. Island of Formosa, gathered by the late Mr. Oldham. Our specimens have the
fronds about 2 ft. 1. by 1 ft. br.

Ke (Species of Tropical Africa. Sp. 64, 65.)

64, A. wthiopica, Welw. msc., Hk. 5 caud. 3-6 ft. 1, 2-8 in. w., knotted with
large tubercles, the cicatrices of the fallen stipites ; st. thick as a goose-quill,
a span and more long, asperous with small tubercles, nearly smooth on the main
rachis, purplish on the upper side ; fronds firm-membranaceous, dark green, 4 ft.
and more |., broad-lanceolate, quite glabrous, except on the costs: and costules,
which are hairy on both sides, pinnated ; pinne 8-10 in. 1., subsessile, oblong-
acuminate, pinnated below, the rest deeply pinnatifid with Jobes 2 in. 1, oblong-
sublanceolate, scarcely falcate, acute, more or less coarsely serrated ; veins forked ;
sort at the forks, copious, rather nearer the costule than the margin, orbicular
compact.—A. Currort, Hk., Met.

Hab. Tropical Africa, 8. of the Line, Dr. Curror ; Angola, Golungo alto, alt, 1,000-~
2,400 ft., Welwitsch, n. 116 and 116?,—A very peculiar and well-marked species,

7. DIACALPE, 8, MATONIA. 9. ONOCLEA. 45

65. A. obtusiloba, Hk. ; st. thicker than a swan’s-quill, short, scarcely 4 in. L,
tuberculato -muricate, dark glossy purple like the rachis, which is nearly
smooth and quite glabrous; /7. firm-membranaceous, black-green, scarcely
paler beneath, 4 ft. and more long, pinnated, everywhere glabrous except on the
coste above, pinnated ; pinne 9-10 in. 1. (8-4 of the lowest pair much dwarfed),
shortly petioled, oblong, subacuminate, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the cost
below, less deeply upward; Jobes 5-7 lines 1., broad-oblong, scarcely falcate,
quite entire, very obtuse ; veins rather distant, forked, sori at the fork, copious,
small, prominent, nearer the costa than the margin.

Hab. Sierra del Crystal, Trop. Africa, Mann.—Equally distinct as a species with the
preceding. Somewhat allied to this, I possess a specimen of an Alsophila? (sterile), from
Johanna Island, E. Trop. Afr., gathered by Dr. Kirk: the pinne are all petiolate, 3 in.
1, oblong, shortly acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, especially towards the base, the lobes
rotundato-obscurely serrated, lowest inferior one generally free, glabrous ; cost@ sub-
pubescent and, as well as the forked veins, with scattered bullate scales beneath ; rachis
black-purple, below the apex winged between the superior pinne.

Gen. 7. Diacaupz, Bi.

Sori globose, the receptacle small, scarcely elevated. Jnvol. inferior, globose,
hard-membranaceous, entire, at length bursting very irregularly at the summit.
Caps. numerous, nearly sessile ; ring broad.—Tab. I. f. 7.

1. D. aspidioides, Bl. Hh. Sp. 1. p. 59. D. pseudo-Coenopteris, Kze.

Hab. Malay Islands; Sylhet and Assam; Ceylon.—Fr. tripinnate, submembrana-
ceous, often deciduously crinite ; pinnl. oblong-cuneate, lobed and more or less decur-
rent, This genus seems more appropriately placed with the Cyathee than with the
Dicksoniee. The fronds much resemble those of Davallia nodosa.—What is D, Mada-
gascariensis, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 339. ?

Gen. 8. Matonta, Br.

Recept. of the sori expanded into a firm-membranaceous, umbrella-shaped,
obscurely 6-lobed, stipitate invol., which covers and encloses 6 large sessile caps.
Not arborescent. Veins forked, free, except those around the sori, which are closely
reticulated. Tas. I. f. 8

1. M. pectinata, By. in Wall, Pl. As. Rar.1.t.16. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 286.

Hab, Borneo and Mt. Ophir, Malacca.—One of the rarest and handsomest Ferns.
Fr. ample, fan-shaped, 14-2 ft. w., hard-coriaceous, each portion subscorpioideo-pinnate on
one (the superior) side, Pinni. consequently all secund pectinato-pinnatifid.

Tripe II, Dicxson1Es (excluding Hymenophyllee).

Sori globose, situated on the back.or apex of a vein. Invol. inferior subglobose,
free, sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, at length bursting irregularly ; more
Frequently cup-shaped, entire or with 2 lips.—Caudex rarely arborescent. Venation
Sree or anastomosing. GEN. 9-14.

Gen. 9, Onocnza, . Sw., Meit., Hk

Sori dorsal, globose, on the veins of the changed and contracted pinne of the
fertile 7r. and quite concealed by their revolute margins. Jnvol. very thin,
delicate-membranaceous, hemispherical or half-cupshaped, originating from the
inferior side of the sorus, or wanting.—Caud. erect or creeping. 'r. stipitate
ke Ua pinnate or pinnatifid, with free or anastomosing veins. Large herba-
ceous Ferns of cold or temperate climates. Tan lf. 9,

46 10. HypopERRIs. 11. woopsia, § EUWOODSIA.

§ Euonoclea. Fert. fr. bipinnate; pinnl. recurvato-globose ; invol. a globos
pellicle, bursting at the summit. Veins of the sterile fr. copiously anastomosing.

1. O. sensibilis, L.—Hk. Sp. Fil. 4. p. 160.

Hab. N. Am., U. St., from Florida to Canada; N. Asia, Amur, Japan, and Manchuria,

§§ Strulbiopteris, ¥. Hk. G. Fil. t. 69.—Sp. 2. 8. Fert. fr. pinnate ; pinnce
foritlose or flatiish. Veins all free pinnated ; invol. subhemispherical, very
Sugacious. a

2. O. germanica, W.; fr. broad-lanceolate, long-attenuated at the base ; fert.
pinne short, much contracted, linear-terete, torulose, lobed and torn at the

“margin ; invol. cup-shaped, very fragile and soon obsolete—H#. Sp. 4, p. 161.

Hab. N. Europe, Scandinavia to Austria; N. Asia, Manchuria to Altai; N. America,

Canada to Pennsylvania. -

8. O. orientalis, Hk. ; /r. ovato-oblong, not attenuated at the base ; fert. ones
oblong (often 2 ft. 1.) contracted ; pinne linear-oblong, flattened 2-edged,-the
broad refracted margins covering the whole back, dark purple-brown, glossy, at
length spreading, torn at the margin, inv. O. Hk, 2nd Cent. of F.t.4. Sp. 4.
p- 161. i

Hab. Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft.; Assam; Hakodadi, Japan.—I think Mettenius has
done well in uniting Onoclea and Struthiopteris; and also in placing thé genus near
Woodsia, on account of the involucre (when present) having its origin béneath the sorus.

2

Gen. 10. Hypoprrris, Br. (See page 460.)

Sori subglobose in lines or series parallel.with the second. veiris, Invol. calyci-
form, thin-membranaceous, fimbriated at the margin.—Frond simple, subcordato-
hastate, costate, pinnatedly veined, membranaceous; veins. alternato-fletuose.
Veinlets copiously anastomosing. Tas. I. f. 10.

1. H. Brownii, J. Sm.—Hk. Sp. p. 57. Ic. Pl: t. 675, 676; and in Gard, F.
t.24. Woodsia, Jett.

Hab. Trinidad.—Jr. 10-12 in. 1., often hastately 3-lobed.

Gen. 11. Woonpsta, Br.

Sori globose. Jnwol, inferior, soft-membranaceous, from the first calyciform
or more or less globose, and sometimes enclosing the sorus, at length ofiening at
the top, the margin or mouth irregular lobed or fringed.— Small herbaceous Ferns
of cold or temperate climates, much tufted: the stipes often jointed and separating
at the joint. Tas. I.f, 11.

-§ Euwoodsia.—Invol. smaller than the sorus, but fringed with hairs which extend
beyond it. Tas. I.f.11. Sp. 1-3.

1. W. dlvensis, Br.; slightly hairy above, st., rachis, costules, and veins below
crinite, with copious, rufous, chaffy scales; fr. broad-lanceolate ; pinnae oblong,

- obtuse, broader at the base, sessile, deeply pinnatifid with many oblong, obscurely

crenated lobes.— Hh, Sp. 1. p. 63, and Brit. F. t. 8.

Hab. Arctic regions and high mountains in the temperate zone, Europe, Asia, and
America,

2. W. heperboren, Br. ; glabrous, or with the st., rachis, and coste beneath
slightly hay, mixed with a few scattered scales; fr. linear-lanceolate, pin-
nated; pinne cordato-ovate, pinnatifid with few (5-7) broadly-obovate, entire
lobes ; the inf. lobes distant.— Hh. Sp. 1. p. 64, and Brit. F. t. 7.

Hab. Similar in its distribution to the preceding,

oo

11. woopsra, §§ PHYSEMATIUM. 47

8. W. glabella, Br.; quite glabrous; /r. linear, tapering a little below, pin-
nated ; pinn@ very remote towards the short s¢., all of them deltoid, very obtuse,
cut into few (3-7) short-rounded or subcuneate, entire lobes.—Br. Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 64, and in Fl. B. Am, 2. t. 237.

Hab. America, from the hills of New York northward to the Arctic regions; Arak-
amtchechene Island, Behring’s Straits ; Norway, Tyrol, Carinthia.—Possibly a glabrous
form of W. hyperborea ; and there is a subglabrous Arctic American plant which closely
resembles W. ibvensis.

4. W. lanosa, Hk. ; fr. oblong pinnated, quite shaggy with most copious, soft,
Jong ferruginous hairs, mixed with very narrow, long, chaffy subulate scales ;
pinne subcordate, dentate or lobato-dentate, scarcely pinnatifid (the rest as in
W., hyperborea).

Hab. N. India; Mountains of Kamaoun ; alt. 11-12,000’, Strachey and Winter-
bottom ; Sikkim, alt. 14-16,000', Hooker, fil.—Specimens from 3 different localities are
very uniform in the indument; still, if W. glabella should prove a glabrous state of
W. hyperborea, this may prove a var. in the opposite extreme, sericeo-tomentose in a
very high degree.

§§ Physematium. Jnvolucre larger than the sorus, not ciliated, Sp. 5-14.

§. W. mollis, J. Sm.; fr. lanceolate pinnate, generally densely clothed, espe-
cially beneath, with soft'jointed hairs, scarcely attenuated below ; pinne sessile,
from a broader base, oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid ; lobes approximate, oval or
subrotund, entire or crenate ; sord marginal ; énvol. opening with jagged, circular
mouth.—Hé. Sp. 1. p. 60. Physematium, Kze. dn. Pter. t. 27. W. fragilis,
Liebm. W. guatemalensis, Hz. Sp. 1. p. 61. t. 21. A. a

Hab. Mexico ; Guatemala ; Minas Geraes, Brazil ; Andes of Peru and Quito, Jameson,
McLean.—Our now copious specimens quite resemble Kunze’s figure ; but the involucres
are rarely so perfect as he figures them. :

6. W. insularis, Hance ; rhizome short ; scales 2-3 lin., oblong-lanceolate, red-
dish ; st. 1-14in., articulated near apex ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 13-3 in. L., bipin-
natifid ; pinne 6-8-jugate, bluntly lobed, lower reduced ; teature firm ; both sides
pubescent ; sorz submarginal, 1-4 to a lobe ; inv. large, membranous, persistent,
with ciliated lobes.—W. macrochlena, Met. Kuhn. Linn. 36. p. 126.

Hab, Sea of Ochotsk, Dr. Clarke ; China, Schottmuller, 191.

7 W. caucasica, J. Sm.; fr. lanceolate, a span long, glanduloso-hirsute on
the rachises and costw, firm-membranaceous, bipinnate; prim. pinne sessile,
nearly opposite, lanceolate, broadest at the base, acuminato-pinnatifid or again
pinnate ; lobes or wit, pinni. oblong, acute, serrate ; sori large, 2 on each lobe or
pinnule, one on each side near the margin ; znvol. globose, membranaceous, lax,
at first apparently entire with a central depression, at length opening with a
contracted, depressed, irregular and somewhat 2-lobed mouth.—ZHA&. Sp. 1. p. 62.
Hymenocystis, C. A. Meyer. W. fragilis (Zrev.) Moore, oldest name.

Hab. Rare ; rocky places in the Caucasus, alt. 1,000-6,000 ft.

8. W. elongata, Hk.; glanduloso-pilose, especially above ; fr. a span to 1ft.1.,
oblong, pinnated ; pinne rather distant, alternate, sessile, from a broadish base,
oblong obtuse, pinnatifid not more than half-way down ; dobes short, rounded
inciso-dentate, each bearing a sorus (rarely more) on the lower anterior veinlet,
near the sinus; énvol. lax, very membranaceous, globose, soon bursting with an
irregular opening at the apex.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 62. ¢. 21. C.

Hab. N. W. India, alt. 10,000 ft. ; Edgeworth, Strachey, & Thomson.

48 11. woopsia, §§ PHYSEMATIUM.

9. W. polystichoides, Eat. ; fr. a span long, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, opaque,
lanceolato-pinnate, sparsely subulato-squamulose ; pinn@ ‘patent, approximate,
sessile, 6-8 in. ]., lanceolate, acute, cuneato-truncate at the base, acutely auricled
at the superior base, entire or obsoletely crenate at the apex, indistinctly costate,
veins immersed, simple or forked ; soré marginal in a distinct line or series ; invol.
globose, of 4-5 concave, ciliated, incurved scales, strongly ciligted. —H&, 2nd Cent.
of F. t. 2.—8. Veitchit ; fr. very villous. Hk. Gard. F.t. 82. ff. 1. 2. 4-6.—
y- sinuata ; pinne broader, more obtuse, lobato-pinnatifid. Hé&. 1. c. t. 82. f. 3.

Hab. a. and 8. Japan, Eaton & Wilford.—y. Manchuria, a. Ta-lien-kwan, Yellow
Sea, China, Birnie.

10. W. manchuriensis, Hk.; fr. 6-8 in. 1., thin, membranaceous, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, pinnated ; pinne sessile, 1 in. or more 1. rather remote,
oblong-obtuse, pinnatifid ; lobes oblique, Mies ovate, obtuse, entire or slightly
sintate, unisorous ; veins pinnated in each lobe, lower superior vein soriferous ;
invol. globose, thin, membranaceous, at length opening with’a toothed edge to the
contracted mouth.— Hs. 2nd Cent. of F. t. 98. .

Hab. Manchuria, Wilford. Japan, I accimowicr.

1l. W. Burgessiana, Gerry. mst. ; fr. 6 in. 1., 2 in. w., lanceolate, glandulose-
pubescent, membranaceous, flaccid, pinnated ; pinne sessile, from a broad trun-.
cated base, oblong, pinnatifid ; lobes broad, subtruncated, toothed at the apex ;
sort small, rather. sparse, submarginal ; invol. thin, membranaceous, depressed-
hemispherical, sublobate (apparently from the long capsules within), opening
irregularly at the,apex, persistent, at length breaking down, into a very irre-
gular margin.

Hab. Tugela R., Natal, Gerrard, McKen,

a as se 7

12. W. obtusa, Borrey ; st.\tufted, not articulated, 3-6 in. 1., castaneous towards
Base; scalvs broad-lanceolate ; jv. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends,
6-9 in. 1., bipinnate or tripinnatifid; central pénne sessile, lanceolate-deltoid,
1-14 in. 1., lower reduced; pénni. oblong, blunt, crenulate, or lowest subpinnatifid ;
texture moderately thick, not at all coriaceous; both sédes green, especially the
lower, glanduloso-pilose ; sori submarginal, 6-12 to largest pinnules; zmv. a small
membranous lacerated white cup. Ak. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 63. Gard. F. t. 48. W.
Perriniana, Hk. and Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 68. W. it-cisa, Gill, I7k. and Gr. Ic. Fil, t.
191. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 63. 8, W. peruviana, tik. ; gin. not close, blunt, sharply
inciso-pinnatifid Hs. Sp. 1. p. 61. fig. 21 B. y, crenata (Kze.), texture more
rigid; pinne lanceolate, pinnatifid, with close broad blunt subentire lobes.
ie crenata, Kze. Hh, Sp. Fil. 2. p. 86. Polypodium flabellatum,

otzsch,

Hab. United States from Oregon southwards, and along the Andes to Peru and
Uraguay. £6, Peru. y, Andes,

13. W. scopulina, Eaton; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1, castaneous below ;
scales large, lanceolate; fr. 4-6 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate, narrowed
from the middle to both ends; central pinn@ lanceolate, sessile, 3-3 in. 1. cut
down to rachis or a narrow wing into close ligulate-oblong crenato-pinnatifid
lobes ; textwre membranous ; upper surface slightly, lower densely. glanduloso-
pilose, with a few minute linear scales on the ribs ; sor? submarginal ; zn. like
that of obtusa.—Canad. Nat. 1865, p. 90. W. obtusa, var. Lyallii; Hz. Syn.
edit. 1. p. 48,

Hab. Rocky Mountains.—Scarcely more than a variety of obtusa.

14. W. oregana, Eaton ; st. densely tufted, not articulated, castaneous, 2-4 in.
1.; scales minute linear-lanceolate ; 7. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends,

13. picksonta, § CIBOTIUM. 49

8-4 in. L, bipinnate ; pinne lanceolate, sessile, the central 3-4 in. 1, cut down to
the rachis or a narrow wing into blunt oblong crenate lobes, the lower distant
gradually reduced ; rachis stramineous ; textwre moderately firm ; both sides green,
glabrous ; sori submarginal ; énv. minute, hidden by the sorus, obscurely ciliated.
—Canad, Nat. 1865, p. 90.

Hab. Rocky Mountains; Oregon and Lake Winnipeg.—Close to obtusa, from which
it differs by its glabrous surfaces and smaller involucre. .

’ Gen. 12. Spumrorreris, Wall.

Sori globose, on the back of a vein or veinlet. ecept. large. Invol. inferior,
globose, coriaceous, stipitate, at first enclosing the whole sorus, at length bursting
vertically into 2 spreading lobes or lips. Tas. I. f. 12.

1. 8. barbata, Wall, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1.1.18. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 58. Peranema
cyatheoides, D. Don, Prodr. Nep. 12 (oldest name).

Hab. Nepal, Sikhim, Khasya (Hk. f. and Thoms.), Western Ghats of Nilghiri,
Beddome.—Fr. 2-3 ft. 1, tripinnate. Péinnl. oblong, deeply pinnatifid.

Gen, 13. Dicxsonta, L’Hérit." (See p. 460.)

Sori placed at the apex of a vein, intra-marginal. Jnvol. inferior, subglobose,
coriaceous or membranaceous, cup-shaped and entire, or more or less distinctly
2-valved.—About half the species are arborescent, with large decompound coriaceous
fronds ; the others have creeping rhizomes, and, with two exceptions, are at least
fully bipinnate. They principally inhabit Tropical America and Polynesia ; but one
species reaches as far north as Canada, and several others are scattered throughout
the southern parts of the Temperate Zone. Veins in all free. Tas. II. £. 13.

§ Cibotium, Kaulfi—Involucre distinctly 2-valved, the outer valve coriaceous,
distinct from the substance of the frond. Sp. 1-5.

1. D. (Cibotium) glauca, Smith ; arborescent ; /r. trpinnate, ovate-lanceolate,
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnd. linear-acuminate, cut quite down to the rachis in
the lower part ; Jobes linear-oblong, subfalcate ; texture subcoriaceous ; surface
naked on both sides, glaucous beneath ; veins prominent ; lateral veins of the
segments once or twice forked; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, inner valve oblong, nar-.
rower than the outer.—Hsé. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 82. ¢. 29. Ae

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, discovered by Menzies eighty years ago.

2. D. (Cibotium) Barometz, Link ; arborescent ; fr. trpinnate ; Jower pinne
ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1, 6-12 in. br. ; pinnd. linear-acuminate, cut down within
a short distance of the rachis above, and sometimes quite down to it at the base ;
segm. linear-oblong, acute, subfalcate; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface
naked, shining, lower glaucous, sometimes furfuraceous ; veins prominent ; lateral
veins of the segments rarely forked ; sord 2 to 12 to a lobe, the valves nearly equal,
transversely oblong.—C. glaucescens, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 82. C. Assamicum,
Hk. Sp. Fil.1. p. 88. t. 29. B.C. glaucum, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 83.

Hab, Assam, S. China, Malayan Peninsula and Islands,

3. D. (Cibotium) Menziesit, Hook. and Baker; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinne
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 br.; pénni. linear-acuminate, cut down usually not more than
half-way to the rachis; /obes rounded, blunt; teature subcoriaceous ; surface

()

50 13. picksonrA, §§ EUDICKSONIA.

naked on both sides, not glaucous beneath ; veins prominent ; lateral veins of the
segments simple or forked; sori 2 to 8, rows with a broad space between thei 5.
a valve narrower than the outer, oblong. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 84. ¢.
29. C.

Hab. Oahu and Honolulu, Sandwich Islands.

4. D. (Cibotium) Chamissot, Hook. and Baker; jr. tripinnate; lower pinne
ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. ]., 6-9 in. br.; pinnd. linear-acuminate, cut down to
the rachis below; segm. oblong, bluntish, scarcely falcate ; teature coriaceous ;
under surface not glaucous, sometimes furfuraceous ; veins immersed ; lateral
veins of the segments usually once-forked ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe; valves unequal,
outer one larger, suborbicular, inner one oblong. —H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 63.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

5."D. (Cibotium) Schiedet, Baker; fr. oblong - deltoid, tripinnate ; rachises
stramineous, at first pilose; péane oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1.3 pinnl. linear-
lanceolate, $-? in. br., short-stalked, cut down to the rachis below; segm. close,
lanceolate, falcate, dentate; teature subcoriaceous; under surface glaucous,
glabrous ; venules forked, or lowest pinnate; sori parallel with the edge, the
inner valve of the inv. overtopping the outer.—Cibotium Schiedei, Ht. Sp. F721. 1.
p. 84. t. 30. A.

Hab. Mexico.—Caudex 10-15 ft. high. Sori at most 4-6 to a segment, not crowded.

§ Eudicksonia. Involucre distinctly 2-valved,. the outer valve formed by the apex
of a segment. Sp. 6-17. |

6. D. arborescens, L’Hérit.; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate; lower pinnae 12-18
in. 1., 6-9 in. br.; pin. linear, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis; segm.

in. 1., g-in. br., oblong ; rachises tomentose throughout, the main one densely
clothed at the base with linear ferruginous scales; texture very coriaceous ;
Sertile pinul. often conspicuously contracted ; soré 2 to 6 to a lobe, large, globose;
valves transversely oblong, nearly equal—_Hk&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 66. ¢. 22. A.

Hab. St. Helena, near the summit of Diana’s Peak ; caudex about 10 ft. high.

7. D. antarctica, Labill. ; arborescent ; sf. under 1 ft. 1.; scales fibrous, very -
dense dark purple-brown ; /r. rhomboid, tripinnate, 5-6 ft. 1., 2-8 ft. br. in centre;
rachises stramineous, naked or slightly crinite below; central pinna 1-1} ft. 1.
4-5 in. br.; pénnl. sessile, linear, $ in. br.; segm. oblong, fertile deeply inéisae
pinnatifid, sterile inciso-serrate, under § in. br. ; teetwre coriaceous ; both sides
green, glabrous; sort 6-10 to lowest segment, 4 lin. br.—Aé. Sp, Fil. 1,
Pp. 66.

Hab. East Australia and Van Diemen’s Land.—Fully pinnate pinne 30-40
frond, Caudex 30-35 ft. y P pinne to a

8. D. chrysotricha, Moore ; arborescent ; 7. bipinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1.
6-9 in. br.; pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the rachis except towards the apex ;
segm. linear-oblong, deeply toothed, 3 in. 1, 2 lines br., bluntish ; main rachis
clothed with a thick coat of shining yellowish-brown hairs at the base; rachis of
the pinne and pinnules asperous and rather thick!y tomentose; texture coria-
ceous ; fertile pinnl. slightly contracted ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, }.a line across ;

i
13. picksonIa, §$ EUDICKSONIA. 51

valves suborbicular.—Balantium chrysotrichum, Hassk. Cibotium speciosum,
Blume. D. Blumei, Mett. D. magnificum, De Vriese.

Hab. Java, ascending to 11,000 ft.

9. D. Sellowiana, Hk.; arborescent ; fr. 6-8 ft. 1., 2-83 ft. br., lanceolate, bipin-
nate ; lower pinne@ 12-15 in. 1., 8-4 in. br.; pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the
rachis in the lower part ; segm. 3 in. 1., close, oblong-deltoid, acute, subfalcate ;
main rachis usually smooth above, densely tomentose and subasperous below ;
texture coriaceous ; fertile pinnl. slightly contracted ; sord 2 to 6 to a lobe, $a
line across ; valves suborbicular.— Hh. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 67. t. 22. B.

Hab. South Brazil.

10. D. squarrosa, Sw.; arborescent ; st. castaneous, 3-1 ft., densely clothed
with soft spreading fibrillose scales }1 in. 1.; fr. oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ;
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 9-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.; pinnd. subsessile, linear, 2-3 in.
1, 3-4 in. br.; segm. lanceolate, sterile toothed, fertile deeply pinnatifid ; texture
rigidly coriaceous; both sides green, the ribs below scabrous; veins 4-6-jugate,
forked ; sori 6-8 to lower segments, 4 lin. br., occupying the whole of the seg-
ments except midrib and tip ; valves of inv. round, firm, glabrous.—Hz&. Sp. Fil.
1. p. 68.

Hab. New Zealand and Chatham Island.—A bout a dozen pinnules to the lowest half
foot of a well-grown pinna,

1l. D. Berteroana, Tk.; arborescent ; fr. rhomboid, tripinnate ; rachises
stramineous, naked on the under side; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in. l.,
5-6 in. br.; pinni. sessile, lanceolate, 2-1 in. br.; segm. close, lanceolate, sterile
subentire, fertile deeply pinnatifid ; teature rigidly coriaceous ; both sides green,
glabrous; venules forked ; sort 6-8 to lowest segments, 4 lin. br., filling them
except broad midrib and tip; valves of énv. round, rigid — Hh, Sp. Fil. 1. p. 67.
t, 23. A.

Hab, Juan Fernandez, Caudex 6-15 ft. high.

12. D. Culcita, L’Hérit.; roots from a thick rhizome, densely clothed with
shining ferruginous hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 1 ft. br., tripinnate ; dower pinnl. del-
toid, their divisions ovate, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with oblong-
rhomboidal unequal-sided deeply-toothed segments, which are cuneate at the base
on the lower, truncate on the upper side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises nearly
naked ; both surfaces naked ; fertile fr. so much contracted that there is very
little membrane between the sori, which are 1 line across, with reniform sub-
equal valves.—Hk. Sp. Fil.1.p. 70. Balantium, Kaulfi, J. Sm.

Hab. Madeira and the Azores ; so abundant that the dense woolly covering of the
rhizome has now become an article of commerce, ;

13. D. coniifolia, Hk.; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., 12 in. br. ;
lower divisions of the pinnl. deltoid-acuminate, their segments cut down nearly
to the rachis, with ovate-rhomboidal, bluntish, deeply-toothed lobes ; texture her-
baceous ; upper surface naked, lower and the rachises slightly hairy ; sorz 2 to 8
to a lobe, a line across ; valves equal, reniform, several times broader than deep.
ese kh Fil. 1. p. 70. t. 24. A. D. Martiana, Klot. Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 70.
t. 24. B.

Hab. Jamaica and Columbia, southward to Brazil—A much more divided plant than
ye ot the preceding, with sharply-cut acute ultimate segments, not more than 4-8 iz. 1,
in, br.

14. D. straminea, Lab.; fr. tri-quadripinnate ; lower pinne 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.;

.

52 13. picksonra, §§§ PATANIA,

lower divisions of the pinnl. deltoid-acumtinate, their segments cut down to the
rachis, except at the very apex, with ovate-rhomboidal, acute, sharply, and deeply-
toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower naked, or some-
what hairy; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, minute, orbicular ; the ower valve large,
cucullate, the ézner one inconspicuous.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 71. Carruth, Ft, Vit.
p. 885. D. Torreyana, Brack. t. 88. f. 2.

Hab, New Caledonia, Aneitum, Fiji group and other Polynesian islands.

15. D. Plumieri, Hk.; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ;
lower pinnl. lanceolate-triangular, 6-8 in. 1, 2-8 in. br., cut down at the lower
part to the rachis, with linear-acuminate broadly-toothed segments ; upper pinnl.
linear only, slightly lobed ; rachis and surface quite naked ; texture herbaceous ;
lateral veins of the segments simple or once or twice forked ; soré 2 to 20 toa
segment ; invol. small, membranaceous, suborbicular, deeply 2-valved, the outer
valve at length cucullate.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. 72. D. Lindeni, Hk, Sp. Fil. 1. 72.
7.25. B. Davallia adiantoides, Swartz, Grisebach. Cibotium, Prest..

Hab. West Indian Islands and Columbia.—At first the involucre is that of a Davallia
rather than a Dicksonia, but the outer valve is ultimately hooded. Adiantoides is the
oldest specific name.

16. D. sorbifolia, Smith; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinne about 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br. ;
pinnl. slightly stalked, linear, truncate or cordate at the base, undivided, with
small sharp serrations towards the apex ; rachis naked or slightly hairy ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous ; lateral veins of the segments usually once forked ; sor very
numerous to a pinnule ; énvol. subglobose, membranaceous ; outer valve cucullate.
—Ah, Sp. Fil. 1. p. 72. t. 25, A.

Hab. Moluccas and Isle of Henimoe, Hindostan.

17. D. abrupta, Bory ; /r. simply pinnate, 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. 3 pinnae ses-
sile, lanceolate, hardly toothed, the dower about 3 in. 1]., 1 in. br., the two halves
rather unequal, the base of the upper one truncate, that of the lower slightly auri-
culate ; rachis naked ; texture coriaceous ; veins close, fine, inconspicuous ; fertile
pinne narrow, acuminate ; sori numerous, placed along both edges ; outer valve
reniform, nearly a line broad, inner smaller, suborbicular.—H&. Sp. Fil, 1. p. 72.
Nephrolepis, Met. Leptopleuria, Presi. :

Hab. Bourbon.—Very like Nephrolepis davallioides in habit and general appearance.

§§§ Patania, Presi. Dennsteedia, Bernh., Moore. — Involucre cup-shaped, not
at all or only very indistinctly 2-valved. Sp. 18-29.

* Fronds ample ; lower pinnee 9-24 in. in length. Sp. 18-25.

18. D, adiantoides, H. B. K. 3 rhizome creeping; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinne
12-24 in. 1, 6-12 in. br. ; pémnl. linear, cut down in the lower part nearly to the
rachis ; the segm. oblong-rhomboidal, blunt, with 2 to 4 bluntish dobes in each
side, which do not reach half-way to the rachis ; texture herbaceous, under surface
and rachises finely hairy ; sori 2 to 8 to a segment, placed at the base of the
sinuses, about $ line across ; énvol. cup-shaped.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 75. t. 26. B.
D. erosa, Hk. Sp. Fil. J. p. 75.. D. obtusa, Moritz. D, consanguinea,
Ape D. dissecta, Grisebach, non Hooker. D. obtusifolia, Willd. (oldest
name).

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil.—Fronds often
12 ft. 1; segments of the lower pinnules 3-1 in. 1, 4 in. br. D. Spruce, Moore, seems
‘elcsely allied to this; but our specimens are very imperfect. 2

-13, DIcKsoniA, §§§ PATANIA. 53

19. D. cisutaria, Swartz ; rhizome creeping ; fr. bipinnate ; ower pinne 12-18
in, L, 6 in. br.; paand. linear-acuminate, cut down in the lower part nearly or
quite to the rachis; segm. oblong-deltoid, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture her-
baceous; under surface and rachises naked or finely hairy ; sori 2 to 12 toa
‘segment, placed at the base of the sinuses, about } line across; énvol. cup-shaped.
—Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 76. non Grisebach, D.tenera, Presl. D. ordinata, Kaulf.
Ht. Sp. Fil. 1. p.75. D. cornuta, Kaul. Hk. Sp. Lil Le p. 7.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Rio Janeiro
‘and Peru.—Segments of the lower pinnules about lin. L, § in. br. Closely allied to the
preceding, from which it differs by its sharper and more divided segments: these two
are bipinnate only, all the other’ample-fronded Dennstedia being tripinnate.

20. D. apiifolia, Hook ; fr. tripinnate ; ower pinne 12-18 in. 1.,6-9 in. br. ; pinnl.
linear, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; dower segm. deltoid or oblong-
rhomboidal, cut down very nearly to the rachis in the lower half, with deeply-
and sharply-toothed lobes; texture herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces
naked or nearly so, shining ; soré 2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the bottom of
the sinuses of the lobes ; invol, subglobose, cup-shaped, } line across. —H&. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 77. t. 26. C.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru,—A fully tripinnate-plant with shining bright-green
subrigid’ fronds, the lowest segments 1 in. ].,4 in. br. According to Grisebach, this is
the D. cicutaria of Swartz ; but I have not seen West Indian specimens, According to
Kuhn, the plant intended by Swartz is Aspidium ascendens.

21. D. rubiginosa, Kaulf. ; /r. tripinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ;
pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; lower segm. deltoid or
oblong-rhomboidal, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
under surface finely tomentose ; sor7 2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the base of
the sinuses ; invod. i nag subglobose, 4+ line across. — Ak. Sp. Fil. 1.
p.79.t. 27. A. D. dissecta, Hk. Sp. Hil. 1. p. 77. B. D. anthriscifolia, Kaulf. ;
segm. larger and more divided ; rachis and under surface nearly naked.—H&.

Sp. Fil. 1. p. 79. t. 27. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru (both varieties), Bourbon and Mauritius.—A less elegant plant than D. apiifoiia,
duller in colour, and with the under surface more or less hairy. Rachises slightly
asperous ; lower segments 4-1 in. 1.

22. D. flaccida, Swartz; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinne 9-15 in. 1., 6 in. br. ;
pinni. lanceolate, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; dower segm, ovate-
vhomboidal, bluntish, cut down nearly to the rachis three or four times on each
side, and the lobes again toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachises densely tomen-
tose ; sori 2 to 8 to a segment, placed at the base of the sinuses ; znvol. sub-
globose, cup-shaped, } line across.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 77.

Hab, Aneiteum and New Hebrides, Jilne.—Perhaps not distinct from D. rubiginosa,
with which it quite corresponds in the’size and division of the frond, but the habit is more

rigid, and the rachises are densely tomentose throughout. The Cocos Island plant is
D. rubiginosa.

23. D. moluccana, Blume ; Jr. tripinnate ; lower pinnae: 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in br. ;
pinnl. linear-lanceolate, quite cut down to the rachis throughout; lower segm.
oblong-rhomboidal, cut down.to the rachis in the lower part, with blunt, oblong-
deltoid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; main and pare | rachises prickly ; soré
2 to 12 toa segment ; znvol. subglobose, 4 line across—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 78.

Hab. Java.—Resembling D. rubiginosa in habit, but more coriaceous in texture, and
the stems thickly furnished with strong hooked prickles. Lower segments 3-1 in. L.,
-4 in, br. D. scandens of Blume, algo from Java, which is probably D. Zippeliana, Kunze,

54 13. picxson1a, §$§ PATANIA,

is said to differ from this by its more flaccid fronds, and in the larger teeth of the seg«
ments ; and a plant (probably the same) was gathered in Tahiti by the American expe-
dition under Captain Wilkes. (See Brackenridge, p. 275.)

24. D. davallioides, R. Brown ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in.
br. ; pin: Hnear-acuminate, cut quite down to the rachis; segm. oblong-rhom-
boidal, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; rachis shining, not prickly, glabrous or nearly
so; texture herbaceous, under surface slightly hairy; sor: 2 to 8 to a segment,
placed at the base of the sinuses ; énvol. subglobose, cup-shaped, ¢ of a line across.
—Ak, Sp. Fit. 1. p. 71. D. nitidula, Kunze, Mett. Fil. Lips. t. 28.

Hab. Australia, both temperate and tropical.—Habit of growth lax, and texture of the
frond thinner than in any of the other species. Fronds 2-4 ft. 1. ; lower segments under §
in. 1., 2-3 lines br., and finely cut.

25. D. Smithii, Hk.; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinne 9-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br.; pinnl.
linear-acuminate, cut down to the rachis throughout, with rather distant, narrow,
acute segments; dower segm. 4 in |., 2 lin. br.; rachises slightly inciso-pinnatifid ;
and under surface densely tomentoso-glandular; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; soe
2 to 8 to a segment; énvol. subglobose, cup-shaped, + line across. Hk. Sp. Lil. 1.
p. 80. é. 28. D.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming.—Lachises similar to those of D. flaccida, but pin-
nules narrower and segments much smaller and less divided.

26. D. scabra, Wall.; fr. 9-80 in. 1., 6-24 in. br., deltoid or lanceolate, bipin-
nate; lower pinne 4-8 in. 1., lanceolate; pinnl. quite distinct, 1-1} in. l., $ in.
br., the dower ones cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous pinnatifid oblong
deltoid segments on both sides ; ¢eature herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and
under surface more or less hairy; sori 2 to 6 to the lower segments ; invol, cup-
shaped, subglobose, 4 line across.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 80. ¢. 27. B. D. deltoidea,
Hk, Sp. Fil. 1. p. 80. t. 27. A. Sitolobium strigosum, J. Sm.

Hab. India, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.—Stipe sometimes
1 ft. L, asperous, very hairy below ; rhizome wide-creeping.

** Entire frond not more than 12-18 in, long. Sp. 27-29.

27. D. Elwesii, Baker ; fr. lanceolate, tripinnatifid, 1-12. ft. ].; rachis stra-
mineous, glabrous ; pinn@ lanceolate, nearly sessile, 3-4 in. 1, 2- in. br. ; the
rachis flattened ; pinn/. 20-30-jugate, lanceolate, sessile, cuneate at base, 14-2 lin.
br., deeply pinnatifid ; segm. ligulate, erecto-patent, many entire parallel, lowest
on upper side bifid ; ¢eature membranous ; both sides green, glabrous; veins soli-
tary in the centre of each segment; soré filling up the tip of the segments,
4-4 lin. br.

Hab. Sikkim, near Lachen, 8,500 ft., H. J. Elwes.

28. D. punctiloba, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ; Zower
pinne lanceolate, 4-6 in, 1., cut quite down to the rachis except at the top ;
pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, about $ in. 1., } in. br., deeply pinnatifid ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; rachis and under surface more .or less glanduloso-pilose 3 sori 2 to
12 to a pinnule, placed at the base of the sinuses ; énvol. subglobose, cup-shaped,
Z line across.—Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 79. D. pilosiuseula, Willd.

Hab. Temperate N, America, from Canada southward to Carolina and Tennessee.

29. D. appendiculata, Wallich ; fr.12-18 in. 1., 6 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ;
lower pinne linear-lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., cut down quite to the rachis unless at

14. DEPARIA. 55

he apex ; pinnl. linear-oblong, 4 in. 1. little more than 2 lines br., pinnatifid
within a short distance of the rachis into numerous linear lobes; texture her-
baceous ; rachis and under surface glanduloso-pilose ; sor? 2 to 16 to a pinnule,
placed at the base of the sinuses ; imvol. cup-shaped, globose, } line across.—Hzk.
Sp. Fil. 1. p. 79. t. 27. C.

Hab. Nepaul and Kumaon.—This and the preceding resemble in habit Athyrium
4liz-femina, Species 13 to 29, except 17, fall under the genus Sitolobium of J. Smith,
and have creeping rhizomes.

Gen. 14, Deraria, Hook. & Grev. (See p. 463.)

Sori protruded from the margin of the frond, or even stipitate. Jnvol. shal-
lowly-cupshaped, membranaceous, not 2-valved.— Three very rare tropical species
with broad, ample leafy segments, which differ from Dennstedia mainly by their extra-
maryinal sori. Veins anastomosing in one of the species (Cionidium, Moore).

1. D. prolifera, Hk. ; fr. once fully pinnate ; lower pinne about 6-9 in. l.,
‘|-14 in. br., pinnatifid down throughout within a short distance of the rachis ;
lobes oblong, slightly toothed, with often a space equalling their breadth between
them ; lateral veins of the lobes all simple; texture herbaceous ; sori 4 to 12 to
a lobe, extra-marginal, sessile or stipitate-—Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 85 ; Fil. Exot. t. 82.
D. Macraei, H. & G. Le. Fil. t.154

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

2. D. concinna, Baker; fr. twice pinnate; lower pinne more than 1 ft. 1.,
nearly 2 in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lower part, but becoming nearly
entire towards the apex ; Jobes blunt, entire, broadly oblong-rhomboidal, unequal-
sided and decurrent downwards ; lateral veins of the lobes once or twice branched ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, placed round the outer edge.—Davallia
concinna, Presi. Hk. Sp. Fil.1. p.74. Deparia Matthewsii, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 75. t. 30. B.

Hab. Peru, gathered by Matthews and Spruce—This resembles closely Dicksonia
adiantoides in habit. It has the lower part of the sori included within the margin, and
is placed by Moore in Dennstedia, ,

_ 8. D. Moorei, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., cordate-deltoid in general out-
line, pinnate below, pinnatifid only above ; ower pinne 6-9 in. l., 4-6 in. br., cut
down to the rachis below into deeply-pinnatifid broadly-toothed lobes ; veins
anastomosing ; texture thinly herbaceous ; sori copious, extra-marginal or stipi-
tate—Hk, Exot. Ferns, t.28. Cionidium, 7. Moore. Trichocarpa, J. Smith.

Hab. New Caledonia, gathered by C. Moore and Lenormand.—A much smaller plant
than the others, with thin, broad, leafy fronds and anastomosing venation. ene

Tribe Ii], Hymenopuyties (including Loxsoma).

Sori terminal or marginal from the apex of a vein. Recept. elongated, often fili-
form and long, and exserted more or less, especially below clothed with sessile orbicular
imbricated subpeltate compressed capsules, surrounded by a complete transverse ring,
opening vertically. Invol. inferior, various in shape, generally of the same texture as
the frond. Small often epiphytal Ferns, herbaceo-membranaceous, more or less laxly
cellular, variously costate and veined, Caudex frequently long-creeping, and filiform.
(Jn Loxsoma the oblique ring of the subpedicellate capsule is incomplete ; the fronda
are coriaceous.) Gun. 15-17.

56 6. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Gen. 15. Loxsoma, Br.

Sort marginal, in the sinus of the teeth or lobes, terminating a vein, declined.
Invol. suburceolate, coriaceous, the mouth truncated, entire. Recept. elongated,
much exserted, clothed to the apex with stipitate caps. (mixed with jointed hairs),
which have a short broad incomplete oblique ring, opening vertically. Caudex.
long, stout, creeping, paleaceous. Fr. long-stipitate, coriaceous, decompound, glaucous
beneath. Veins simple or forked. Tas. II. f. 15.

1. L. Cunninghami, Br. Hk. Sp. Lp. 86. Gard. F.t. 31.

Hab. N. Zealand ; Northern Island.—Fr. 1-15 ft. high. A remarkable Fern, with
the habit of a coriaceous Dicksonia ; the fructification rather of Trichomanes, but with a
very short and oblique ring to the capsule.

Gen. 16. Hymrnoruyiium, Linn. (See p. 463.)

Sori marginal, more or less sunk in the frond or exserted, terminating a costa
or vein. Jnvol. inferior, more or less deeply 2-lipped or 2-valved, of nearly the
same texture as the frond, toothed, or fringed, or entire. Recept. elongated,
columnar, exserted or included. Caps. mostly orbicular, depressed, attached by
the centre, furnished with a broad transverse ring, opening irregularly at the
apex. Small, sometimes very minute Ferns, of tropical and temperate climates,
JSrequenting trunks of trees and damp rocks, the fronds delicately membranaceous in
texture, often of a lurid or olivaceous green, simple or compound, costate or with simple
or branched (never anastomosing) veins.t| Tas. II. f. 16,

* Fronds glabrous, simple or slightly lobed, or once or twice dichotomous.
Sp. 1-5. :

1. H. eruentum, Cav.; sf. slender, naked, 8-6 in. L; 77. ovate-lanceolate,
slightly sinuated, 3-5 in. lL, 1-15 in. br. below; the vedns simple, prominent,
branching from the costa to the margin at regular intervals, erecto-patent ; sora
6-12 on each side, placed at the apex of the sinuations, the cuneate base sunk in
‘the frond, the lips divided about half-way down, free, entire.—Hs, Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 87.t. 81. A. Hymenoglossum, Presi.

Hab. Chri, specially in the province of Valdivia.—Quite peculiar in its habit ot
growth. :

2. H. parvifolium, Baker ; st. not more than 1 line l.; yr. very minute, 2-3
‘lines L, 1 line br., linear-oblong, simple or cleft at the apex, sometimes half-way

+ The principal, or at any rate the most copious, recent writer on Zrichomanes and
Hymenophyllum is the late Dr. Van den Bosch, whose magnum opus, the “‘ Hymeno-
phyllacee Javanicz,” contains engravings of many of the species, which, in point of beauty
and delicacy of execution, have rarely been equalled. But his views, and their practical
carrying out with regard to the limitation of genera and species, were the very opposite
of those of Sir William Hooker, as may be judged from the fact that in his Synopsis and
Supplement, 450 so-called species are given, and that out of what are here considered
two genera, he makes twenty-four. Upon this point Sir William Hooker wrote : ‘‘ This
genus and the following one have had their Species multiplied to an extent with which I
cannot at all concur. The late learned Dr. Van den Bosch, in his widely-scattered publi-
cations, has no doubt described many new species, which-it has not been in my power to
identify ; but having been favoured with his opinion on a large portion of my collection,
I regret to be compelled to join with my friend Dr. Grisebach in the opinion expressed
in his ‘Flora of the British West-Indian Islands,’ that many of the species are not well
tounded.”

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 3 57

down, furnished only with a central costa and a few faint irregular free spurious
venules, the margin not thickened ; sord solitary, terminal, the cuneate base
sunk in the frond, divided about halfway down ; valves rounded, entire.—Baker,
in Linn. Proceed, 9. p. 840. tab. 8. fig. #. Trichomanes microphyllum, Kuhn.

Hab. Moulmein, Rev. C. S. Parish.—The smallest and simplest species of the genus,
rivalling in minuteness Trichomanes Barklianwm and vitiense.

3. H. marginatum, Hk. & Gr.; st. 2-4 lin. 1; /r. linear, once or twice forked,
about lin. 1,1 lin. br., furnished with a central costa ; texture firm; margin
bounded by a thickened line, the apex emarginate ; sor? terminal, solitary, sub-
orbicular, divided down nearly to the base, with convex entire valves.—Hk. & Gr.
Ic, Fil. t. 34. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 87. Pachyloma, V. D. B.

Hab. Port Jackson, Australia, rare.—Substance of the frond undulated.

A, H. aoplenioides, Sw.; st. 1-2 in. 1, slender; fr, 2-4 in. 1., by 4-1 in. br.,
pendulous, oblong in general outline, pinnatifid to within a short distance of
the rachis ; Jower lobes rhomboidal-cuneate, cleft on both sides or one only ;
upper lobes simple, linear-oblong ; sori 1-4, terminal on the segments of the
eres invol. orbicular, free, cleft nearly to the base.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 87. te.

» t. 957.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba aud Mexico southward to Brazil.—Easily recog-
nizable by it: peculiar habit of growth.

** Fronds glabrous, one to four times pinnatifid.—Sp. 6-80.

5. H. abruptum, Hk.; st. about} in. 1., very slender ; fr. $-1 in. 1., 4-3 in. br.,
oblong, pinnatifid to within a short distance of the main rachis; pinne@ linear,
erecto-patent, about } in. 1., 1 lin. br., sometimes dichotomously forked, only a
central midrib in each division ; sori 1 or 2 to a frond, terminal on the apex or
upper segments ; invol. not divided more than halfway down, the base cuneate,
the valves rounded ; recept. occasionally protruded.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 88. t. 31. B,
H. brevifrons, Kunze.

Hab. Jamaica, Cuba, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Brazil.—Allied to H. rarum, but
the main rachis has a broader wing below, and the pinne are at most simply forked.

6. H. mnioides, Baker; st. not more than } in. 1., very slender; fr. 1-2 in. L,
Z in. br., linear, once pinnatifid; rachis winged.throughout; the segm. all
quite simple, linear, the lower ones slightly imbricated, erecto-patent, 2 lin. 1.,
% lin. br, the upper ones pressed close to the rachis and much imbricated ; sori
solitary on three or four of the upper segments, large compared with the size of
the plant, divided about halfway down, the base campanulate; valves more than
half a circle, large, membranaceous.

Hab. New Caledonia, Pic du Mont Mu, Deplanche.—A minute moss-like plant, with
the habit of Mniwm wndulatum or serratum, but dark-brown in colour. It is allied to
the preceding and the following, but whilst the segments are quite simple, the main
rachis is scarcely winged below.

7. H. tenellum, Kuhn; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 1 in. or less 1., slender,
naked ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
down to the base ; pomn@ 4-6-jugate, deltoid, cuneate-truncate at the base on the
lower side ; lower pinnl. 1-2, cleft at tip with ligulate bluntJobes 3 lin. br.; soré
2-6 to a pinna, terminal in the lobes ; surfaces naked ; inv. with hemispherical
lobes and a cuneate entire immersed base.—H.emersum, Baker, Syn. Fil. edit. 1.
p. 457. Adiantum tenellum, Jacg. Coll. t. 21. fig. 3.

Hab. Ceylon and Mascaren Isles,—Has nothing to do with H. tenellum, D. Don.
H

58 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

8. H. rarum, R. Br. ; st. very slender, 1-8 in. 1. ; /r. flaccid, pendent, 2-6 in. 1.
by 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong or oblong, bipinnatifid, the main rachis winged
throughout ; pinne simple, linear, or forked or pinnatifid, with two or three
deeply-cut segments on each side, which are }-} in. 1., 1 lin. br.; soré large,
tertainal on the segments of the upper pinne, often 1 lin. br., divided halfway
down or more, the base cuneate, the valves rounded.—H&. Sp. es 101. 4H.
semibivalve, Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 88. HH. natalense and tabulare, V. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand, Auckland Isles, Van Diemen’s Land, Mauritius, Natal, and Cape
Colony.—A plant from Chiloe, gathered by Cuming, must probably be referred here ;
and in the specimens to which I have access I cannot distinguish the Japanese H.
Wright, V. D. B., and the Fuegian H. Darwinit, V.D.B. The New Zealand H. imbri-
catum of Colenso differs by having the rachis much shortened, scarcely more than Lin. 1L.,
and the pinne imbricated and slightly crisped. This and the two preceding differ from
the species that follow next by their much broader segments

9. H. capillaceum, Roxb.; st. about 1 in. 1, slender; /r. 2-4 in. 1, by 1 in. or
more br., oblong, pinnate, with distant segments ; main rachis free throughout ;
lower pinne alternate, about $ in. distant from one another, broadly rhomboidal,
cut down to the rachis in the lower part but winged above ; segm. 7 in. l., 1 lin.
br., simple or once forked; sori 2-6 to each pinna, terminal on the lateral
segments ; énvol. divided down nearly to the base ; the valves orbicular, strongly
toothed.—H&k. Sp. 1. p. 109. ¢. 88, B.

Hab. Confined to the island of St. Helena, where it has been long known.—Mucl
resembling in habit a slender form of H. Tunbridgense.

10. H. gracile, Bory; st. 2-3 in. 1, slender, wiry ; 7”. 2-6 in. ]., 1-2 in. br., lan-
ceolate or oblong-acuminate, tripinnatitid ; mazn rachis nearly wingless through
out; pinne distant, 1-3 in. 1., broadly rhomboidal, erecto-patent, cut down
within a very short distance of the rachis; pimn/, sometimes simple, sometimes
again pinnatifid, with simple or forked narrowly linear divisions; sori large, 2-4
to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the lateral segments; invol. not divided
more than halfway down ; valves rounded.—Hz&. Sp. Fil.1.p.110. Hk. & Gr.
Ic, Fil. t, 198. HH. inequale (Poir.) oldest name.

Hab. Bourbon and Natal, Mauritius.

ll. H. exsertum, Wall.; st. 1-2 in. L, slender; fr. 2-6 in. 1. 1-2 in. br., lanceo-
late-oblong, bipinnatifid ; main rachis winged above or throughout, more or less
densely clothed with deciduous ferruginous hairs; lower pinne rhomboidal, lan-
ceolate-acuminate, divided more than halfway down to the rachis into simple
or forked linear pinnules, slightly hairy on the principal veins; soré 2-8 to a
pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides; znvol. divided down
nearly to the base ; valves oblong, bluntly denticulate at the apex.—H&. Sp. 1.
p. 109. ¢. 38. A. H. macroglossum, V. D. B.

Hab. Hills throughout India, from the Himalayas southward to Ceylon.—See remarks
under H. scabrum. It is recognizable also by the large lanceolate pinnz, which have the
central half entire. ii

12. H. awillare, Swartz; sf. 1-2 in. 4, very slender; fr. 3-8 in. L, 4-1 in. or,
flaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged throughout or
above only ; lower pinnw varying from under 3 in. l., with simple segments, to
14 in. 1, divided down nearly to the rachis, with pinnatifid pinnules with several
segments ; wt, segm. not more than 1 lin. 1.; sori 2-12 to a pinna, terminal
ou the lateral segments; znvol. divided more than halfway down ; valves rounded,

entire, —Hk, Sp, 1. p. 111. Hh, & Gr. Ic. Fil. t.124. H. apicale, 7. D. B. Griseb.

’

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 59

Hab. West Indian Isiands and Venezuela.—Both this and H. myriocarpum are some-
times slightly crisped.

13. H. reniforme, Hk. ; st. very slender, naked, 2-8 in. 1. ; 7r. 3-6 in. 1., 1 in. or
less br., flaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, fully bipinnate ; main rachis wingless
throughout ; pinnw usually under 1 in. 1., divided quite down to the rachis;
pinnl. simple or forked, or slightly pinnatifid ; the ultimate segm. very narrowly
linear ; sord 2-6 to a pinna, at least twice as broad as the lobes; énvol. divided
down Been to the base; valves rounded and denticulate——AZ. Sp. 1. v. 110.
t. 88. C.

_ Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru.—aAllied to H. awillare and crispwm in habit, but
veadily distinguishable by its truly bipinnate frond and very narrow segments. The
specific name applies here to the shape of the involucre, not, as in Trichomanes, to that
of the frond.

li. H. crispum, HB. K.; st. very slender, 1-2 in. 1., wingless; 7. 3-6 in. 1,
1 in. or less br., tHaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, tripannatifid ; main rachis only
slightly or hardly at all winged above ; pinn@ 1 in. 1. or less, rhomboidal-oblong,
beautifully and delicately undulato-crisped throughout, divided down nearly to
the costa into pimn/., which are again pinnatifid; sor? numerous, very small,
placed at the apex of the segments ; énvol. rather wider than the lobes, rounded,
crisped at the edge.—H&. Sp.1.p. 107. H. amcenum, Sturm.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to Peru and Brazil.—
Closely allied to H. axillare in habit, but distinguished by its crisped fronds.

15. H. undulatum, Smith; st. 1-2 in. 1, very slender; /r. 3-6 in. 1., scarcely
more than 1 in. br., flaccid, pendent, ovate or linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; main
rachis winged ; pinne undulato-crisped, oblong-rhomboidal, divided down to a
narrow central portion ; pénni. crowded, the lower ones a little pinnatifid ; sori
2-6 to a pinna ; zmvol, divided down nearly to the base; valves rounded, slightly
crisped towards the margin, but not denticulate-—HE&. Sp. 1. p. 105. Le. Pl.t. 964.

Hab. Mexico, Jamaica, Peru.—Both this species and H. crispum have the segments
so much crisped that they bear the appearance of being toothed like a Leptocionium.
This and the three preceding resemble one another in their small tender narrow flaccid
fronds.

16. H. myriocarpum, Hk. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., erect, slightly winged above ; fr. 3-12
in. 1., 2-8 in. br., flaccid, pendent, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatitid ; rachis furnished
with a narrow wing throughout; dower pinne 1-8 in. 1., lanceolate-rhomboidal,
divided down nearly to the rachis on both sides into several pinn/., which are
again pinnatifid with numerous membranous linear segments, not more than
1lin. 1. ; sori very numerous, terminal and lateral on the segments on both sides ;
invol. divided down to the base; valves ovate or rounded, entire or sinuated at
the apex.— Hk, Sp. 1. p. 106. ¢. 57. D.

Hab. Mexico, southward to the Andes of Peru.—Closely allied to H. axillare, but
rather stronger in habit, and the fronds broader below. Connects the four preceding
species with H. polyanthos.

17. H. microsorum, V. D. B.; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked ; /r. 2-3 in. 1., about
1 in. br., flaccid, oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis naked, furnished
with‘a narrow wing nearly or quite to the base ; dower pinne oblong-rhomboidal,
about 1 in. 1., erecto-patent, divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis into
several pinnl., the lower of which are obversely triangular in shape and flabel-
lately cut ; soré 2-12, terminal on the segments of both sides of the upper pinne,
very small; énvol. divided more than halfway down; the valves rounded,
entire.

60 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Hab, Gathered by Dr. Hooker in the Sikkim Himalayas, at an elevation of 11,009 ft.,
and determined by Van den Bosch from his specimens.—Intermediate in habit between
EX. exsertum and polyanthos,

18. H. polyanthos, Swartz; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, wingless ; /r. 2-8 in. 1., 1-3
in. br., ovate-oblong, tripinnatifid ; main rachis usually only narrowly winged
above ; lower pinne triangular-rhomboidal, divided down to a narrow centre
into several pinnl. on each side, the lowest of which sre cuneate or rhomboidal,
deeply pinnatifid; zltimate segm. linear, 1-1} lin. 1, less than 3 lin. br. ; sori 2-12
to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides; invol. small,
divided down nearly to the base; valves ovate or rounded, entire or slightly
denticulate.—H& Sp.1. p. 107. H. protrusum, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 104. ¢. 37. B.

Hab. Widely diffused throughout the Tropics, and extending a little beyond them
both north and south ; America, from Cuba and Jamaica southward to Brazil, 8. Chili, and
Juan Fernandez ; Asia, Nepaul and Sikkim to Ceylon, Tsus Sima, Malayan Peninsula,
Java, and New Zealand ; West Tropical Africa, Mauritius and Madagascar. This
includes nearly, or quite, thirty of the species defined by Van den Bosch.—It is a plant
of slender flaccid habit, as compared with species 19 to 28, with the segments sometimes
decurved, and when dry slightly crisped. The New Zealand Z. villosum of Colenso has
the stipes and rachis very slightly hairy. The Malayan 4. Blumeanum, Spr., has
narrower and more elongated fronds than in the type, and pinnz sometimes simply pin
natifid only.

19. H. andinum, V. D. B.; st. 3-6 in. 1. slender; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
flaccid, oblong, tripinnatifid; main rachis narrowly winged above; pinne
distant, the lower oblong-rhomboidal, divided down to a narrow centre, with 2-8
pairs of pinni. which are flabellately or laterally cut into a few linear segm. ;
sort 2-12 to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides ; znvol.
divided more than halfway down ; valves rounded, with a blunt point, entire.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.—Closely allied to H. polyanthos, but elongated and
flaccid in habit, with fewer, more distant and less divided segments,

20. H. badiwm, Hk. & Gr.; sé. 2-8 in, ]., slender, winged above; /. 4-12 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis broadly
winged throughout ; lower pinnz lanceolate-rhomboidal, divided down to a broadly
winged rachis into several pinnl. in each side, the lowest of which are a few
times deeply incised, ultimate divisions broadly linear; soré 2-12 to a pinna,
terminal and axillary on the segments on both sides; émvol. nearly 1 lin. br.,
divided down nearly to the base ; walves rounded, nearly twice as broad as deep,
the outer edge denticulate.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 102. Hk. § Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 76.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Six W. Norris ; East Indies (probably Nepaul), Dr. Wallich.

21. H. javanicum, Spreng. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., erect, margined above with a broad
crisped wing ; fr. 4-8 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., triangular, tripinnatifid; main rachis
bordered throughout with a broad crisped wing ; lower pinne 14-2 in. 1, trian-
gular-rhomboidal, erecto-patent, divided down to a narrow crisped centre into
several plane or slightly crisped pinnl. on both sides, the lower of which are
several times deeply pinnatifid ; soré 6-20 to a pinna, terminal and axillary on
the segments on both sides ; énvol. about as broad as the segments, divided down
nearly to the base ; valves orbicular, entire or denticulate—H&. Sp. 1. p. 106.
H. fimbriatum, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 102. t. 86. C. flexuosum, Cunning.
Hk, Sp.1.p.105. Je. Pl. ¢. 962. HH. crispatum, Wall. Hh. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t.
77. H. dedaleum, Blume. 4H. micranthum, V. D. B.—8, H. atrovirens,
Colenso ; segm. of the frond nearly plane ; invol. smaller and narrower. H. Tas-
manicum, V. D. B.

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 61

Hab. India, from Nepaul and Sikkim to Ceylon, the Malayan Peninsula, the Philip-
pines, New Zealand, and Australia, H. erosum of Blume, and H. Reinwardti, V. D.B.,
also belong here.

22. H. demissum, Swartz ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, firm, wingless; fr. 4-12 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., ovate-triangular, 3-4 times pinnatifid; rachis only slightly winged
above ; lower pinne 2-3 in. l., triangular-rhomboidal, divided down very nearly
to the rachis into numerous pinnis. on both sides, which are again divided down
nearly into the rachis into pinnatifid segm.; ult. lobes 1-2 lin. 1, 4 lin. br. ;
sort very numerous (20-80) to a pinna, terminal and axillary on the segments
on both sides ; invol. divided down nearly to the base; valves ovate, entire, or
denticulate.—A&. Sp. 1. p.109. H. productum, Kunze.

Hab. New Zealand, Fiji, Java, the Philippines, and adjacent Polynesian Islands.—A.
larger and stronger plant than 4. polyanthos, with which Sir W. Hooker was disposed to
join it, with ample glossy deeply-cut fronds and very numerous involucres.

23. H. caudiculatum, Mart. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, broadly winged above ; fr.
6-12 in. l., 2-3 in. br., orate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis furnished
throughout with a broad slightly crisped wing ; lower pinn@ rhomboidal-lanceo-
late, erecto-patent, often 2 in. ]., divided down to a broad central rachis, the
lower pinni. again pinnatifid, the upper forked or simple, broadly linear; soré
2-12 to a pinna, placed at the apex of the segments on both sides ; invol. very
large (4 in. br.), divided down nearly to the base ; valves twice as broad as deep,
and bluntly toothed.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 102.—6, H. caudatum, V.D.B.; wing of
the main and also of the second, rachis considerably crisped and undulated.

Hab. Brazil, Peru, and Chili.—Wing of the main rachis often 2 lines wide.

24, H. recurvum, Gaud.; st. 2-4 in. 1., winged above; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-3in. br.,
flaccid, pencent, oblong-aceminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged
throughout ; ¢énne@ flaccid, erecto-patent, distant, elongated, divided down nearly
to the rachis into long simple or forked or slightly compound pinnis. ; ult. segm.
4-2 in. 1, 3 in. br., sor? 2-6 to a pinna, generally axillary ; invol. divided about
halfway down ; valves rounded, slightly forked.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 104. ¢, 87. C.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, frequent,

25. H. flabellatum, Labill. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; 77. 4-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid, somewhat glossy and flaccid ; main rachis winged
above ; lower pinne 1-2 in. 1., broadly rhomboidal-acuminate, erecto-patent,
divided down to a broadly winged rachis into several cuneate-based pinnls., which
are furnished on both sides with several linear segm. ; sori 6-20 to a pinna, ter-
minal on the lateral segments ; invol. divided more than halfway down; valves
rounded, entire—H&. Sp.1.p.11]. H.nitens, Br. Ak. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 197.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, Lord Auckland Isles.—Very variable in the compact-
ness, size, and degree of elongation of the fronds. H. Hookeri, Bory and V. D.B., isa
small form with narrower involucres than in the type. A plant from Sumatra must
probably be referred to this species.

26, H. scabrum, A. Rich.; st. 2-4 in. ]., strong, wiry, ciliated ; fr. 6-15 in. I., 2-5
in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged above, thickly ciliated
with long brown bristly hairs ; lower pinne 2-8 in. 1., erecto-patent, oblong-
rhomboidal acuminate, divided down nearly to the rachis into several pinnd.
on both sides, which are again pinnatifid with compound lower and simple linear
upper segm. ; sori 6-20.to a pinna, terminal on the lateral segments on both

63- 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

sides ; invol. small, divided down nearly to the base, denticulate at the apex.—
Hk, Sp. Fil. 1, p. 110. Sphzrocionium glanduliferum, Pres.

Hab. New Zealand.— By their hairy rachis, this species and 2. exsertwm form a
link between the glabrous and truly hirsute species.

27. H. dilatatum, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. 1, erect, wiry, slightly winged above ;
jr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
throughout, the wing quite flat; lower pinne rhomboidal-lanceolate, divided
down nearly to the rachis, the dower pinnl. again pinnatifid ; sori 2-12 to a
ae terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides, divided about

alfway down; valves rounded, entire, clusters often exserted—Hzk. Sp. 1.
p- 104. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t.60. H. formosum, Bracken. H. Junghuhnii &
eximium, V. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand, Java, Tahiti, Samoa, Aneiteum, Fiji and other Polynesian
Islands,—Closely allied to H. fuciforme, but different in the involucre,

28. H. fuciforme, Swartz ; st. strong, erect, 4-8 in. 1, narrowly winged above;
Jr. 12-24 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., triangular-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; main rachis
winged throughout ; lower pinne rhomboidal-lanceolate, cut down nearly to the
rachis into numerous distant pinnd. on both sides, the lowest of which are trian-
gular in outline and again pinnatifid, with 2-3 forked lower segm. ; sori numerous,
very small, placed principally in the axils of the segments; valves divided down
nearly to the base, rounded, entire ; recept. and even the cluster of capsules often
exserted.—_H&. Sp. 1. p. 108. #. 86. D.

Hab, South Chili and Juan Fernandez,

29. H. pulcherrimum, Colenso ; st. 8-4 in. L, wiry, erect, wingel down to the
base ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-triangular, 3- or 4- pinnatifid ; main rachis
slightly winged throughout ; lower pinne 2-3 in. 1. lanceolate-rhomboidal, the
secondary rachis flexuose, slightly waved, the pinne with several distant
pinnl. on both sides, the segm. of which are again pinnatifid with cuneate flabel-
lately pinnatifid lower divisions ; sor? numerous, axillary and terminal on the
segments on both sides; énvol. orbicular, divided down nearly to the base ; valves
entire.—H&, Sp. 1. p. 108.4. 87. A. Hh. fil. #1, N. Z, 282.0. 74.

Hab. New Zealand.—Species 20 to 29 much resemble one another in habit, and all
have ample tripinnatifid firm glossy fronds, with comparatively broad erecto-patent
segments,

30. H. Zollingerianum, Kunze ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, deciduously hairy ; /. 4-8
in. ]., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, with a flaccid apex, tripinnatifid ; pinne
rather distant, the lower ones ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to a rather broad
centre ; pinni. close, the lower ones again deeply pinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly
winged and often slightly hairy, a single central vein in each segment, the lower
awe of which is conspicuously winged on both sides; soré 2 to 8 to a pinnule,

arge, terminal or axillary; imvol. divided about halfway down, the mouth
roundish, entire—V. D. B. Hymen. Jav. t. 50.

Hab. Java.—By its deciduously hairy rachis, this approaches the next section. The
habit is something like that of H. polyanthos, with an elongated flaccid apex, and the
curiously winged veins are very peculiar.

*** Fronds more or less ciliated and hairy upon the surface.—Sp. 81-51,

31. H. borneense, Hk. MSS. ; st. about 1 in. 1., very slender ; fr. square or
fan-shaped in general outline, 3-3 in. 1, } in, br., divided down like a fan nearly

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 63

to the base, the divisions linear, dichotomously branched ; wit. segm. 1-3 lin. 1.,
4 lin. br., the surface hairy, and the margin ciliated with branched rufous hairs ;
sort terminal, solitary, orbicular the cuneate base sunk in the frond ; valves
ciliated.

Hab. Borneo, on hills near Sarawak, at an alt. of 2,700 ft., Zobb.—Peculiar in the
group by resembling in habit the species of the Gonocormus section of Trichomanes.

32. H. hirsutum, Swartz; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked or slightly winged and
ciliated above; /r. linear-oblong, once pinnatifid, 2-6 in. 1., about § in. br.,
slender, flaccid, often pendulous, hairy over the surface; pinne short, close,
erecto-patent, simple, linear-oblong, or cuneato-flabellate, with 1 to 4 divisions ;
ult. segm. rather broad, closely ciliated ; sori 1 to 4 on a pinna, terminal on the
segments ; invol. suborbicular, the cuneate base sunk in the frond ; valves free,
very hairy.—Hék. Sp. 1. p. 88. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 84. H. venustum &
angustum, 7. D.B. HH. Raddianum, Muller, H. latifrons, V. D.B.; fr.
larger and more dilated than in the type ; segm. % in. br.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba to South Brazil and Patagonia, Mascaren Isles.

—H. latifrons bears the same relation to the type that H. splendidum does to
ciliatum.

33. H. chiloense, Hk.; st. 1-2 in. 1, not winged; fr. triangular or ovate-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 1-2 in. 1., 3-1 in. br. below ; main rachis zigzag, ciliated,
and broadly winged ; lower pinne rhomboidal-oblong, with several rounded or
linear pinn/. on both sides, the margin regularly ciliated, with short strong hairs
and the under surface of the frond slightly hairy ; sord placed singly at the base
of the pinnz on the upper side, divided about halfway down, the cuneate base
free or sunk in the frond ; valves semiorbicular, strongly ciliated.—H&. Sp. 1.
p. 90. é 32. A. Leptocionium dicranotrichum, Presi.

Hab. S. Chili and island of Chiloe.— Placed by Presl and Van den Bosch in section 4 ;
but its proper position is here.

34. H. oéliatum, Swartz; st. 1-2 in. 1., ciliated and decurrently winged above;
Jr. oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid, 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. at the centre; main
rachis broadly winged throughout and ciliated; lower pinne oblong or rhomboidal,
with a broad central undivided portion, and numerous erecto-patent simple or
forked ciliated linear segm. 2-8 lin. 1.; sori 2 to 12 on a pinna, placed at the end
of the lateral segments on both sides; znvol. immersed, suborbicular ; valves divided
about halfway down, and conspicuously ciliated.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 88. Hk. é Gr.
Ic, Fil. t. 35. H. Plumieri, Hk. é Gr. Ie. Fil, t=. 128, H. Boryanum, /V2lld.
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 89. t. 81. C.

. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Chili and
Sonth Breall East Bigslayas ; West Tropical Africa, and in the East in the Zambesi
district and the islands (Mauritius, Madagascar, Bourbon, Seychelles, and Johanna
Island).—The African plant, well known under the name of Boryanum, seems quite to
coincide with the American ciliatum. It has also been gathered in New Zealand lately
by Mr. Travers. Eleven species, admitted by Van den Bosch, do not appear materially
different ; viz. those already mentioned, and trapezoidale, Liebm. ; vestitum, Presl ;
apterum, remotwm, surinamense, Presl; commutatum, Pres] ; Schiedianum, Presi, and
splendidum. The latter is a magnificent form, with fronds 1 ft. 1., pinne 4 in. and
rachis } in. br., which occurs in Guatemala, Ecuador, and West Tropical Africa,

35. H. obtusum, Hk. & Arn. ; sf. 2 in. 1., slender, ciliated ; fr. 2-4 in, ]., 1-2 in,
br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged throughout ;
lower pinn lanceolate or triangular-rhomboidal, cleft nearly to the rachis into
several linear simple or forked pinnl. on both sides, the surface and nares
copiously clothed with pubescence ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinna, terminal on the latera

64 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

segments ; Znvol. as broad as the segments, divided about halfway down ; valves
rounded, strongly ciliated— Hi. Sp. 1. p. 98. t. 88. D.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

86. H. eruginosum, Carm. ; st. 1-2 in. 1, slender, tomentose; fr. 2-3 in. L,
1 in. or less br., lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
above ; pinne often much imbricated, the lower ones flabellate or broadly
rhomboidal in outline, divided down nearly to the rachis into simple or slightly
pinnatifid linear segments, the surface and margin clothed copiously with
pubescence ; sori 2 to 12, terminal on the segments ; énvol. small, divided nearly
down to the base; valves rounded and densely ciliated.—H. eruginosum, u, Lh,
Sp. 1. p. 98.

Hab. Island of Tristan d’Acunha.

37. H. lanceolatum, Hk. & Arn. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked; jr. 3-6
in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or oblong tripinnatifid ; main rachis slender, wavy,
flexuose, winged only at the very top 3 lower pinne 1-2 in. 1., rhomboidal-oblong,
cut down nearly to the rachis into several simple or forked long linear segm. on
both sides, hairs few, mostly confined to the midrib and margin; sor? 2 to 8 to
a pinna, placed at the side or top of the lateral segments; énvol. divided more
than halfway down; valves rounded and copiously ciliated —H#, Sp. 1. p. 94.
t. 34, B,

Hab. Islands of the Sandwich group.

38. H. subtillisimum, Kunze. ; st. 1-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, tomentose ; fr. 3-8
in. 1., 13-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged
above ; lower pinne spreading, divided down nearly to the rachis into numerous
alternate pinni., which are again deeply divided into broad linear segm., the sur-
face and margin clothed copiously with tawny silky stellate pubescence ; soré
2 to 12 to a pinna, terminal on the lateral segments ; invol. divided down nearly
to the base; valves rounded and copiously ciliated.—H. eruginosum, 6, Hh.
Sp. 1. p. 93. 4. 84. A. H. Berteroi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 98. ¢. 38. C. H. Frank-
linianum, Colenso.

Hab. New Zealand, Chili, Chiloe, and Juan Fernandez,

39. H. hirtellum, Sw. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., tomentose, not winged; fr. ovate-acumi-
nate, tripinnatifid, 3-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; main rachis only slightly winged above,
tomentose ; dower pinna rhomboidal-lanceolate, with a narrow central undivided
portion ; dower pinnl. pinnatifid, with long narrow linear ciliated segments ; soré
2 to 12 to a pinna, placed at the end of the lateral segments on both sides ; énvol.
orbicular, sunk in the frond, divided about halfway down; valves strongly
ciliated —Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.-p. 90. t. 81. D.

Hab. Mexico, Jamaica, and Guadeloupe.—Frond elastic in texture. This and the
next four species closely resemble one another in the shape of the frond, and the extent
to which it is divided. ‘

40. H, elasticum, Bory ; st. 2-4 in. ]., wiry, erect, naked or slightly tomentose;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
above, tomentose ; lower pinne rhomboidal-triangular, 1-8 in. 1, divided down
very nearly to the rachis into numerous alternate pinnl., which again are cleft
very nearly to the rachis into long linear simple or forked segm.; texture firm
but elastic, moderately hairy both over the surface and at the margin ; sori very
numerous, terminal on the lateral segments ; znvol. small, the base sunk in the
frond ; valves rounded, free, very hairy.—AH&. Sp. 1. 98 Hk. & Gr. In
Fil, t. 185. H. hygometricum (Poér.) oldest name,

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. €5

Hab. Seychelles, Mauritius and Bourbon, where it is abundant.—It is question-
able whether this is distinct from the preceding.

41. H. Lindeni, Hk.; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, villose; fr. often recurved,
6-12 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; mazn rachis villose, winged
in the upper part ; lower pinne 2-4 in. 1., elongate-lanceolate, with numerous
deeply-divided pinnl. on both sides, both surfaces hairy ; soré very numerous,
terminal on the segments ; valves short and broad, strongly ciliated —H&. Sp. 1. p.
94. ¢. 34, C. H. spectabile, Moritz.

Hab. Andes of Venezuela and Ecuador.

42. H. microcarpum, Desv.; rhizome clothed with woolly yellow hairs; st. 4-6
in, 1., firm, tomentose, slightly winged above ; fr. ovate-triangular, tripinnatifid,
6-12 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; main rachis furnished with a narrow wing throughout,
and more or less tomentose, the frond slightly hairy, the margin subdenticulate
and ciliated ; central pinne rhomboidal-oblong, with several pinni. on each side,
which are deeply cut into narrow linear segm.; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, placed
at the apex of the lateral segments of the upper pinne ; énvol. ovate, free, divided
down to the base; valves between toothed and ciliated—H. organense, Hk. Sp.
1. p. 90. ¢. 82. B. H. Beyrichianum, Kunze. Hz&. Sp. 1. p. 91.

Hab. South America, Venezuela and Ecuador, southward to Peru and the South of
Brazil.—Z. Lindigii, Mett., and H. Ruizianum, Klotzsch, are allied to this species.

43. H. valvatum, Hk. & Gr.; st. 1-8 in. 1., naked or slightly winged above ;
jr. ovate-triangular, acuminate, tripinnatifid, 4-6 in. ]., 14-24 in. br. below;
main rachis winged throughout ; pinne slightly hairy and ciliated, the lower
ones triangular, with deeply pinnatifid pinnl.; ult. segm. linear, with the limb
(not the margin) on each side of the midrib considerably waved and undulated ;
sori 12 to 20 to a pinna, terminal on the segments of the upper ones on both
sides ; invol. ovate, divided down nearly to the base ; valves glabrous or slightly
ciliated. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 219. Hk. Sp.1. p.90. H. pteropodum & platy-
lobum, V. D. B.

Hab. Nicaragua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Andes of Columbia and Peru, ascending
to 6,000 ft.—Of H. divaricatum and Orbignianum, placed by Van den Bosch near val-
vatum, I have not seen specimens.

44. H. Sprucei, Baker ; sf. 1-2 in. 1., slender, hairy ; 7. 3-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
lanceolate or oblong-acuminate, bipinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout, or only
in the upper half, pilose, the frond furnished with scattered stellate hairs on the
midrib and margin ; dower pinne spreading, rhomboidal-lanceolate, cut down
nearly to the rachis into simple or once forked linear erecto-patent pinnl., which
are about 3 in. 1, and somewhat crisped or undulated as well as furnished with
rather distant strong stellate hairs along the edge; sorz 2 to 6, terminal on the
segments of the lateral pinne ; imvo/. cut more than halfway down; valves
rounded and ciliated with hairs like those of the segments.

Hab. Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce.—This also, like H. Chiloense, might easily be taken
for a serrated species. It resembles in habit the small forms of H. interruptum, but the
frond is much thinner, and the hairs are confided to the ribs and edges,

45. H. interruptum, Kunze ; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked or slightly ciliated ; 7.

pene varying from 6in. to nearly a yard in length, 2-5 in. br., elongato-

nceolate or oblong in general outline, bipinnatifid ; rachis winged neariy

throughout, and like the frond, more or less densely clothed with soft shinirg

farruginous hairs ; lower pinne rhomboidai-lanceolate, cleft on both sides into

simple or bifid lobes, which reach about halfway down to the rachis; sori 6 to 12,
I

66 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

terminal on the segments of both sides of the upper pinne ; émvol. divided more
than halfway down; valves rounded and very hairy.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 92.t. 33. B.
H. equabile, Kunze.

Hab. Guadeloupe, and mainland of S. America, from Mexico and New Granada
southward to Peru.—Resembling Z. sericewm in habit, but much thinner in texture, and
the rachis winged.

46. H. sericoum, Sw.; sf. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. pendent, 6-24 in. 1, 2-3
in. br., elongato-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, simply pinnatifid ; rachis densely
clothed with close tomentum, free throughout ; pinnw 1-2 in. 1., very numerous,
opposite, rhomboidal-lanceolate, with a cuneate base and much-acuminated apex,
sometimes only just crenated, sometimes pinnatifid more than halfway down to
the rachis, the substance almost coriaceous and soft, with a dense coating of
tomentum ; veins prominent, forked with nearly parallel branches, and often
furnished with curious membranaceous wings or lamelle ; som very numerous
to a pinna, small, terminal on the apex of the pinne and lateral segments ; valves
rounded, shaggy, with strong reddish-brown hairs.—HZ&, Sp. 1. p. 92.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico southward to Peru and
Brazil.—A curious species, quite peculiar in habit and texture, which Van den Bosch
divides into eight ; viz. sericeum eriophorum, cubense, Sturm, plumosum, Kaulf., Karateni-
anum, speciosum, asterothrix, and tomentosum, Kunze ; see also Karsten, Fl. Columb. t. 155-7.

47, H. Malingii, Metten., MSS. ; st. 1-8 in. 1, slender, naked ; fr. pendent, 4-6
in. 1., 1-14 in br., linear-oblong, bi- or tripinnatifid ; main rachis densely clothed
with close tomentum, free throughout ; pinne 3-2 in. 1, oblong or ovato-rhom-
boidal, cut down to a rounded rachis; pinni. deeply flabellately and subpin-
natifidly cut ; alt. segm. linear-filiform, 1-3 lin. 1., the substance coriaceous and
soft, with a dense coating of tomentum, a single vein only in each segment ; soré
2to 12 to a pinna, terminal on the segments ; énvol. divided about halfway
down ; valves denticulate at the apex, and shaggy like the frond.—Trichomanes
Malingii, Hk. Gard. Ferns, t. 64.

Hab, New Zealand.—The connection of this curious novelty is certainly with H. seri-
cewm, from which it differs principally in the total absence of a connecting membrane
between the veins of the pinn, which, in one form of the South American plant, is par-
tially deficient.

48. H. lineare, Swartz; st. about 1 in. 1., slender, villose ; 7. flaccid, pendu-
lous, 3-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., linear, elongated, fully pinnate ; rachis slender, wavy,
villose, free throughout ; pinnw spreading, ovato-rhomboidal, deeply cut into
simple or forked linear lobes, the surface and margin densely hairy ; soré 2 to 6,
terminal on the lateral segments ; znvol. about as broad as the segments ; valves
rounded, strongly ciliated—H. elegans, Spr. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 91. H. trifidum,
Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 196. HH. pendulum, Bory,

Hab. Tropical America, from Jamaica and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru,
ascending on the Andes of Ecuador to 12,000 ft., and occurring also in the Mauritius,
from which we have just received specimens from Dr. Meller.—This species is very flaccid
in habit, and the long narrow fronds form densely interlaced masses on rocks and trees.
Van den Bosch gives the three plants already named as distinct, and his procerwm, tricho-
phyllum, Crugeri, and Moritzianwm are also included here.

49. H. elegantulum, V. D. B.; st. 1-4 in. 1, slender, ciliated ; fr. flaccid, pen-
dulous, 6-18 in. ]., 2-6 in. br., linear-oblong and pinnate, or broadly oblong and
bipinnate ; rachis wavy, villose, free throughout ; lower pinne in the bipinnate
form often with several pairs of pinnules ; pinnd. 1-3 in. 1, deeply pinnatifid
principally on the upper side ; w/t. segm. 1-2 lin. ]., 1 lin. br., the surface and
margin densely hairy ; sor¢ 6 to 12, terminal on the lateral segments ; invol, sunk

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 67

in the frond ; valves rounded, strongly ciliated—H. pulchellum, Hk. Syn. 1. p.
91, tn part.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Columbia, ascending to 13,000 ft.—Closely allied to
#1. lineare in its manner of growth, but a much larger plant, with broader and shorter
segments. The original H. pulchellum appears to be a small state of sericeum. This and
the preceding are the only simply pinnate hairy species with divided pinnz.

50. H. Catherine, Hk., MSS. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, slightly ciliated ; fr.
2-3 in. L, 1-14 in. br., oblong, fully bipinnate ; main rachis free throughout,
slightly ciliated ; lower pinne broadly rhomboidal, cleft down to the rachis; the
lower pinnl. several times forked, with very narrow linear ciliated segm. about
2 lin. l.; sorz 6 or more to each pinna, terminal on the segments of the upper
pinnee on both sides, considerably broader than the segments, the cuneate base
oe in the frond ; the ciliated calves divided about halfway down. H. gratum,

6é.

Hab. St. Catherine’s Peak, Jamaica, at an elevation of 5,000 ft., Wilson ; Guadeloupe,
L’ Herméinier.—A small, neat, deeply-cut plant with inconspicuous hairs. The Guade-
loupe plant was distributed by M. Fée as H. protrusum, Hook., which belongs to the
glabrous section, and is a form of H. polyanthos.

51, H. Pastoensis, Hk., MSS. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, densely villose ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-acuminate, fully bipinnate ; rachis strong, erect,
densely clothed with ferruginous hairs ; pinn@ ovate-lanceolate, recurved ; lower
pinni, 1 in. or more |., divided down nearly to the costa into very long narrow
linear segments, hairy principally on the rachis and margin ; sore 12 to 29, ter-
minal on and broader than the segments ; zzvol. orbicular, free, deeply 2-valved ;
the valves only ciliated.

Hab. Volcano of Pasto, Andes of N. Ecuador, Jameson.— This and the preceding (both
new species) are interesting, as showing a much more divided type of form in the frend
than was known previously in this section.

**** Leptocionium, Presi, V.D.B.; margin of the frond spinuloso-dentate.
All the species are more or less compound. Sp. 52-71.

* Frond not crisped, Sp. 52-66.

52. H. Tunbridgense, Smith; st. 4-14 in. 1.; fi. oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. 1.,
4-1 in br., pinnate throughout ; pinne@ distichous, flabellato-pinnatifid ; the lobes
linear, 1-3 lin, 1., and, as well as the usually solitary axillary suborbicular com-
pound énvol., conspicuously spinuloso-serrated ; the rachis and upper part of the
main stem winged.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 95. Brit. Ferns, t. 48.—8, H. Wilsoni, Hk.—
Invol, entire ; pinne with fewer lobes, pinnatifid on the upper side only.—Hé.
Sp. 1. p. 96. Brit. Ferns, t. 44. H. peltatum (Poir.) oldest name.

Hab. Regarding these two as British plants alone, we should pronounce them readily
separable by the characters given, which are taken from our two indigenous plants ; but,
looking abroad, we find them connected by every intermediate stage of gradation. Four-
teen species admitted or proposed by Van den Bosch cannot be clearly separated. To
our a belong his Zunbridgense (Britain, Normandy, Corsica, Tyrol, Italy); Dregeanum,
Presl (S. Africa) ; dimidiatum, Mett., (N. Caledonia) antarcticum, Pr. (N.S. Wales
and V. D. Land) ; asperulum, Kunze (Chili) ; and zeelandicum, V. D. B. (New Zealand).
Some of the Cape specimens are bipinnate, and have the lower pinne fully 2 in.L A
plant from the Falkland Islands has the pinnz only once forked, or even simple: a grows
also in the Mauritius, Madeira, the Azores, Jamaica, and Venezuela. To 6 belong
Wilsoni (Britain, Feroe, Norway) ; megachilum, Pr. (Brazil) ; unilaterale, Bory (Bourbon) ;
Meyeri, Pr. (S. Africa) ; affine, Brack. (Fiji group); cupressiforme, Lab. (New Zealand
and Australia); Menziesii (Falkland Islands, Staten Land, Cape Horn) ; and Mettenit

(Chili) : and it grows also in Guatemala and the Peruvian Andes,

68 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

53. H. falklandicum, Baker ; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping ; s?. filiform
4-2 in. ; fr. oblong, bipinnatifid, 1-2 in. 1., #-3 in. br. ; rachés flexuose, filiform ;
pinne erecto-patent, 6-9-jugate, sessile, not adnate, upper simple, lower deeply
2-8-fid ; lobes ligulate, 1-veined, } lin. br., very distinctly ciliato-dentate ; soré

solitary; at the base of the upper pinne in the upper side ; ézv. § in. deep, the
lanceolate entire valves much exceeding the short tube.

Falkland Islands, Dr, Hooker, Capt. Abbott.

54, H. tenerrimum, V.D.B.; st. very slender, $-2 in, 1., naked ; fr, 1-2 in. 1.,
less than 3 in. br., pinnate, only the very summit winged ; pimne distant, very
small and slender, simple or once or twice forked, vaguely undulato-dentate ;
sort 1 or 2 together, terminal ; invol. divided down nearly to the base ; valves
rounded and ciliated._V. D. B. Suppl. p. 101.

Hab. Peru, Spruce, 4700 and 4702.—Much the most slender and diminutive species
of the section.

55, H. Jamesoni, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in 1.; fr. flaccid, linear, 3-9 in. 1., 4-2 in. br. ;
rachis ouly slightly winged towards the apex, fringed throughout with soft mem-
branous spines ; pinne forked at the apex, and with only 1 or 2 linear segm.
on each side ; énvol. axillary, solitary ; valves obovate, conspicuously spinose.—
Hk, Sp. 1. p. 96. t. 85. A.

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Jameson.—Readily distinguishable by its long narrow frond
and flaccid habit. The costa, like the rachis, is conspicuously fringed with membranous
spines.

56. H. barbatum, Baker ; st. erect, naked, 1 in. or less 1.; fr. oblong-trian-
gular, 13-2 in. 1., about ? in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout ; lower
pinne rhomboidal-oblong, with a broad winged rachis and short broadly linear
spinuloso-dentate segm. ; sori terminal on the segments of the upper pinnee ; znvol.
‘suborbicular or broadly oblong ; valves divided more than halfway down, and
deeply spinulose-dentate.—Leptocionium barbatum, V..D. B. Suppl. p. 62.

Hab. Tsus Sima, near Japan, Wilford, 846.—A stouter plant than H. Tunbridgense,
with rachis winged throughout, broader segments, and terminal sori.

57. H. secundum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 1-3 lin. 1, wiry, naked ; fr. pinnate, linear-
oblong, 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. br. ; pinne recurved, flabellato-pinnatifid ; wit. segm. nar-
rowly linear, spinuloso-dentate, usually falcato-secund ; soré usually solitary,
placed on the upper side of the pinnew near the base ; énvol, 2-valved about half-
way down ; valves oval-oblong, entire.—Hk. Sp.1. p.100. Hh. & Gr. Ic. Fic.
t. 183. H. Serra, Presi, edit. 1. p. 68.

Hab. Chili and Patagonia. Near H. Tunbridgense, but a larger plant, with two or
three times dichotomous flabellate pinna.

58. H. Simonsianum, Hk.; st. slender, wiry, naked, 1-2 in. 1; fr. linear-
oblong, 2-3 in. 1., Zin. br., once pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ;
segm. fan-shaped, with only shallow divisions directed from the apex towards the
base ; veins dichotomous, the margins spinuloso-dentate ; soré 1,to 4, terminal on
the divisions of the upper pinne ; énvol. broadly oblong, divided nearly to the
base ; valves spinuloso-dentate.—Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 18.

Hab. Khasia Hills and Sikkim, Stmons, Grifith, Dr. Hooker—The least divided species
of this section.

59. H. pectinatum, Cay.; st. 2-4 in. 1. wiry, naked; fr. oblong, pinnate, 3-6
in. 1., 14-2 in. br. ; main rachés only winged towards the apex ; pinne with only

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 69

a slight wing to the rachis on the lower, but deeply pinnatifid on the upper side.
with long, narrow, parallel, simple or slightly forked linear spinuloso-dentate
segm. ; sori often 6 to 8 to a pinna, terminal on the lower segments of the upper
side ; Cie divided nearly to the base with ovate entire valves—Hzk. Sp. 1. p. 96.
t. 84. D.

_Hab, Chili and Chiloe. —A beautiful species, easily recognized by its peculiar pectinate
pinne.

60. H. multifidum, Swartz; st. 2-4 in. 1, wiry, naked; 7. broadly ovato-
lanceolate, tripmnatifid, 2-6 in. L, 1-5 in. br.; main rachis winged above,
wingless below ; the second. rachis broadly winged throughout, wavy; pinne
and pinni, rhomboidal-lanceolate; wit. segm. linear, 2-3 lin. 1., conspicuously
spinuloso-dentate ; sor? 1 to 12 to a pinna, terminal on the lateral segments of
the upper pinnee on both sides; énvol. obovate, tubular below ; valves divided
not more than balfway down, entire; recept. sometimes exserted.—H&. Sp. 1.
p.98. Hk. & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 167, H. feejeense, Brack. t, 87. f. 2.

Hab. New Zealand, and islands of the Pacific.—An elegant plant in the larger forms.
In Seno? situations the fronds are much drawn together, and the segments are
recurved,

61. H. triangulare, Baker ; st. 2-4 in. 1, smooth, naked ; fr. ovate-triangular,
tripinnatifid, 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. at the base; main rachis winged above ;
the second. rachis broadly winged throughout; pinne rhomboidal-lanceolate ;
lowest pinni, deeply pinnatifid, with simple or forked conspicuously spinuloso-
dentate linear segm., 2-3 lin. 1.; sori usually solitary, placed on the upper
pinne at the base of the anterior pinnule at the outer side; invol. large, ovate,
fully a line deep, divided about halfway down ; valves nearly entire. H. Man-
nianum, Jett.

Hab. Fernando Po, Mann, 333.—Much resembling H. multifidum and bivalve in habit,
but the segments are broader, and the sori are much larger and usually solitary. It is
the only Leptocionium which has yet been found in Tropical Africa.

62. H. bivalve, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. l., wiry, naked ; fr. ovate-triangular, tripin-
natifid, 3-8 in. 1, 2-3 in. br.; main rachis slightly winged above ; the second.
rachis winged throughout ; dower pinne triangular-acuminate ; uit. segm. linear,
2-3 lin. 1., spinuloso-dentate ; sorz very numerous, often 6 to 8 on a single pin-
nule ; énvol. suborbicular, entire, divided down nearly to the base ; recept. always
included.— Hk, Sp. Fil, 1. p. 98. t. 35. D. H. pyriforme, V. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand.—Best distinguished from H. multifidwm by the shape of the
involucre. The frond is broader below and the sori are more abundant.

63. H. Smithit, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked or slightly tomentose ; /r.
oblong-acuminate, 3-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bipinnatifid 5; rachis winged above, cili-
ated below ; pinne oblong-triangular, with a winged rachis and simple or 1 to 4
times forked linear spinuloso-serrate segm.; sori 1 to 4, terminal on the segments
of the pinnee on both sides ; énvol. oblong, small, divided about halfway down ;
valves entire.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 97. t. 35. B. LL. serrulatum, Preslii, affine and
holochilum, V. D. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Java, and Malayan Peninsula.

64. H. fucoides, Swartz; st. 2-4 in. 1, wiry, ciliated ; /r. oblong, tripinnatifid,
4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br. ; main rachis winged above and ciliated ; the second. rachis
winged throughout ; pinne rhomboidal-acuminate, with long narrow spinuloso-

70 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

dentate entire or forked linear segm.; sori few in number, not more than 4 to a
pinna, and usually confined to the segments of the upper side, sessile or slightly
stalked, a line each way ; valves divided more than two-thirds of the way down,
roundish or oblong, spinuloso-dentate or entire —H&. Sp. 1. p. 100. Jc. Fil.
t.968. H. spinulosum, H.B.K. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 100. H. pedicellatum, Kunze.
H. blepharodes, Pr. H. cristatum, Ht. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 148. H. Peruvianum,
Hk. & Gr. t. 208.

Hab. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil,
ascending in the Andes to 9,000 ft.—‘The six plants quoted as synonyms are considered
as distinct by Van den Bosch. JZ. torquescens and aculeatum, V.D. B., must probably
be placed here also ; but I have not seen specimens, ‘

65. TH. mageanicum, Willd. ; st. erect, wiry, rigid, 2-4 in.1., naked or margined
wilh an unutlato-erispate wing on each side ; fr. oblong-triangular, 3-6 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout ; lower pinne broadly triangular,
with pinnatifid pinnl., furnished with several linear spinuloso-dentate segm. on
each side; soré 6 to 10, small, terminal on the segments of the upper pinne ;
invol. oblong, with 2 short toothed valves.—H. attenuatum, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 99.
t. 86. B. L. magellanicum, V. D. B. H. Bibraianum, Sturm, in Flora 18653,
p. 861.

Hab. Chili, Chiloe, and Organ Mountains.—Rachis and stipe with an undulato-crispate
wing, but the frond plane,

66. U. Bridyestt, Hk. ; st. 2-6 in. 1, wiry, naked or tomentose ; /”. broadly
ovate-triangular, tripinnate, 4-6 in. 1, 2-3 in. br. below; main rachis only very
slightly winged near the apex ; pimn@ oblong-triangular, with the pinnd. of the
lower ones pinnate quite to the rachis ; w/t. segm. very narrowly linear, rigid, 1-2
lin. 1., erecto-patent ; sori minute, often 6 to 8 to a pinna, placed 1 or 2 at the
base of the pinnules ; émvol. divided about two-thirds of the way down, oblong,
entire or very slightly toothed.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 97. t. 35. C.

Hab. Chili snd Chiloe.—The only species of this section that is fully tripinnate.
** Frond crisped. Sp. 67-71.

67. H. tortuosum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 2-8 in. 1., erect, wiry, furnished with a narrow
crisped sinuated wing on both sides; /7. broadly ovate-triangular, tripinnatifid,
3-6 in. 1, 2-8 in, br. below ; main rachis winged throughout ; lowest pinnw broadly
rhomboidal-triangular ; the segm. more or less crisped ; the wt. divisions 2-3 lin. 1.,
linear, irregularly toothed and undulated at the margin ; sord sometimes 10 to 2C
to a pinna, terminal on the ultimate segments, sessile ; invol. broadly ovate,
divided about halfway down ; valves spinulose on the outer edge.—HZk. Sp. 1.
p. 99. Hk. & Gr. le. Fil, t. 129, 5

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, and neighbouring islands.—Z. seselifoliwm and L. dentatum,
placed by Van den Bosch near H. tortuoswm, I have not seen,

68. H. dichotomum, Cav.; st. 2-8 in. 1., naked or slightly margined with an
undulato-crispate wing on both sides ; /”. ovate-triangular, bi- or tripinnatifid,
4-6 in. ]., 2-8 in. br. ; main rachis winged like the stipe throughout ; lower pinne
three times as long as broad ; the segm. crisped, broadly linear, undulato-dentate
at the margin ; sori numerous, pas in the axils of the segments ; invol. small,
ovate ; valves spinose on the back, divided about halfway down, nearly entire at

the apex.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 98. t. 36. A. :

Hab. 8. Chili and Juan Fernandez.—A closely allied plant grows in Peru (Lechler,
2568) with robust fronds 10 in. ]., a tomentose rachis, and the lower pinne with deeply

2

17. TRICHOMANES, § FEEA, 71

pinnatifid pinnules more than } in. 1. Doubtless it is a distinct species; but I have not
seen the fruit. 2

69. H. denticulatum, Sw. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr. ovate-triangular, tri-
pinnatifid, 2-3 in. ]., 1 in. or more br. at the base ; rachis margined throughout,
with a slightly undulated wing ; pinne slightly crisped, the lower ones rhom-
boidal, twice as broad as long, deeply cleft, with flabellate or pinnatifid linear
segm. ; sort usually single, placed at the axils on the upper side of the pinne,
sometimes recurved ; envol. ovate, divided about two-thirds of the way down,
spices on the back, with serrulated valves.—Hk. Sp.1.p.101. V.D.B. Hym.

‘av. t. 29,

Hab. Moulmein, at 7,000 ft., and Java.—A larger and less crisped and more compound
plant than H. Neesii, It is beautifully figured, as are the other Javanese forms, by Van
den Bosch.

70. H. Neesit, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1, naked or slightly winged, with a crispate
margin on both sides ; fr. ovate, about 2 in. 1., }-1 in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis
winged throughout, the wing and pinne much crisped ; pinne with distant
narrow simple or 1-3 times deeply-forked deeply-toothed segm. ; sor? small, usu-
ally single, supra-axillary on the upper pinne ; zmvol. subcylindrical below,
divided more than halfway down, with 2 acute spinuloso-dentate valves.—Hk.

Sp. 1. p. 99.
Hab. Malaya, Ceylon, Java, Borneo, Fiji, and Philippines.—It is quite an open

question whether this should be considered a rich or Hy yphylli The
Philippine plant is Leptocioni culeatum of Van den Bosch. Valves of the involucre
spinose on the back. JZ. acanthoides and Braunii of Van den Bosch very closely approach

this species,

71. H. sabinefolium, Baker ; st. 1-2 in. 1., naked or slightly winged ; fr. broadly
ovate, triangular, deeply tripinnatifid, 1-2 in. 1., more than lin. br. below; rachis
margined throughout with a wing which is thickly beset with aristate teeth ; pinna
crisped, the /ower ones flabellato-pinnatifid nearly down to the midrib ; the wit.
segm. very narrow, 2-3 lin. ]., and deeply cut up nearly to the midrib by numerous
strong aristate teeth ; sord solitary, supra-axillary, spinose on the back, divided
about halfway down with ovate spinoso-serrated valves.

Hab. Salak, Java, Zollinger.—Allied to H. Neesii and aculeatum ; but here the leafy
part is so narrow, and so much cut up by the numerous strongly aristate teeth, that the
ordinary appearance of a Hymenophyllum is quite lost, and a frond looks more like a
miniature branch of Juniperus Sabina.

Gen. 17. TricHomanes, Smith.

Sori marginal, always terminating a vein, more or less sunk in the frond.
Invol. monophyllous, tubular, closely corresponding with the frond in texture,
the mouth truncated or winged, or slightly two-lipped. ecept. filiform elon-
gated, often considerably exserted beyond the mouth of the involucre, capsu-
liferous principally at the base. Caps. sessile, depressed, surrounded by an entire,
broad, nearly transverse ring, bursting vertically.— The ferns of this genus agree
with those of the last in habit of growth and delicacy of texture, the character furnished
by the shape of the involucre dividing a very natural tribe into two nearly equat
halves. The geographical range of the species is very similar, as is the range of
variation in size and circumscription of frond. Tas. II. f. 17.

§ Feea.—Sterile and fertile fr. different, the latter consisting of a narrow disté-
chous spike. Sp. 1-4.

ca

72 17. TRICHOMANES, § FEEA, §§ EUTRICHOMANES,

1. T. elegans, Rudge ; caud, erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br., on st.
2-3in.1., pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, with finely-toothed linear-oblong segments,
the veins anastomosing, the apex often rooting and proliferous ; fertile fr. 6-12
in..L., about 3 in. br., on sf, 4-8 in. 1.; sor piaced in close rows along both mar-
gins, the tube quite sunk, the mouth not at all dilated.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 114.
Gard. F.t. 2. Hymenostachys diversifrons, Bory. Feea Boryi, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Trinidad and Mexico southward to Peru, The earlier
named 7’ elegans, Richard, is 7. Priewrit, Kunze.

2. T. botryoides, Kaulf.; caud. erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 2-3 in. 1, 1 in. or
rather more br., on very short sf., pinnatifid to a slightly winged rachis, with
linear-oblong deeply-toothed lobes, the apex vooting and copiously proliferous ;
veins free; fertile fr. on st. 1-2 in. ]., narrowly linear, the-lower soré stalked,
usually free, the upper connected at the base, and the apex of the frond foliaceous.
—T.nanum, Bory, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 115.

Hab. Tropical America ; Guiana, Lepricur & Appun; Panama, Seemann.—Quite inter-
mediate in the character of the fertile frond between elegans and spicatum, and more
delicate in texture than either.

8. T. spicatum, Hedw. ; caud. erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br,
on st. 1-2in.1., pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, with inciso-crenate linear-oblong
segments ; veins free ; the apex not rooting ; fertile fr. composed of a rachis and
two rows of sort, without any connecting membrane ; tube obconico-cylindrical,
firm in texture, mouth not dilated—_H&. Sp. 1. p. 114. Gard. F. t. 60. Feea
polypodina, Bory.

Hab. West-Indian Islands, frequent ; Panama, Guiana, and Ecuador.—Maschalosorus
Mougeoti, V. D. B., is an abnormal state, with the sterile and fertile frond combined.

4, T. heterophyllum, H. B. K.; rhizome creeping, widely ferrugineo-villose;
sterile fr. 2-4 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., on st. 1 in. or less L, pinnatifid to a narrowly -
winged rachis, with closely-placed imbricated sinuato-pinnatifid crisped oblong
pinne ; veins free; fertile fr. on villose wiry st. 6-8 in. 1., the frond 2-3 in. L.,
about 4 in. br.,-subcoriaceous in texture, linear-oblong, pinnatifid down to a
broadly-winged rachis; the dobes oblong, pinnatifid about halfway to the midrib ;
sori 4-6.to each pinna, terminal on the upper ultimate segments ; the cube quite
sunk in the frond, the mouth not dilated.—T. Spruceana, Hk. Jc. Pl. t. 981.
Feea Humboldtii, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America ; Essiquibo, Schomburghk ; N. Brazil, Spruce.—Connects in
habit this dimorphous-fronded group with 7. crispum.

pS ehomaneed: Sterile and fertile fronds uniform or nearly so. Sori not
spiked.
* Fronds entire or slightly lobed. Sp. 5-20: See also No. 60 & 46.

+ Fronds without a distinct central midrib, but with veins radiating from the base
asin afan. Sp. 5-18.

} This includes numerous genera of Pres] and Van den Bosch, founded primarily on
the texture of the frond (whether it is composed of one or more than one layer of cellules )
secondarily, upon whether the mouth of the involucre is entire or two-lipped, and after
wards in the degree to which the frond is divided, and the character of the venation.

‘17. TRIcHOMANiS, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 73

5. T. reniforme, Forst.; st. 4-8 in. 1. naked, wiry; fr. orbicular, reniform,
entire, with a deep sinus at the base, 2-4 in. br.; spurious venules none; sorz
often encircling the whole of the outer margin ; recept. much exserted, stout, and
covered with capsules—Hs. Sp.1. p. 115. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 31. Lxxot.
Ferns, ¢.2. Crepidomanes, Presi.

Hab. New Zealand.—This is the only species in which the frond has four layers of
cellules, and the habit is quite peculiar.

6. T. lineolatum, Hk.; st. none or short, tomentose; base of the fr. nar-
rowed very gradually below; fr. j-lin. 1., $ in. br., suborbicular or obovate-
cuneate, nearly entire or subpalmate, or rather deeply pinnatifid, with linear-
oblong lobes, subopaque and prominently veined when dry; spurious venules
none; sori few, subterminal; invol. sunk in the frond, the mouth distinctly
two-lipped.—Hemiphlebium, V. D. B.

Hab. Cuba, Jamaica, and Merida,—Allied in habit to 7. reptans and punciatum, but
without spurious venules.

7. T. peltatum, Baker; rhizome wiry, slender, wide-creeping, tomentose; /r.
quite sessile, attached to the rhizome near its centre or towards the base, subor-
bicular in general outline, 4-1 in. each way, delicately membranaceous in texture,
the margin undulated, not thickened, sometimes irregularly cleft rather deeply ;
veins close, regularly dichotomous at a small angle, with numerous interrupted
spurious venules between them at the margin and towards the centre; sord 1 to 3,
scattered, firm in texture, the tube more or less exserted, with a very much
dilated spreading slightly two-lipped mouth.—Baker, in Linn. Proc, ix. 336.

tab. 8. fig. C.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell; New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2166.—A very curious
novelty, quite peculiar in habit. ‘The different branches of the caudex,” writes the
discoverer, ‘‘run upwards, but so closely together, that the margins of the fronds overlap
each other. The fronds all lie flat upon the tree, so that the whole fern has much the
appearance of a delicate foliaceous lichen or frondose Jungermannia.”

8. T. membranaceum, L.; fr. subsessile, membranaceous in texture, suborbi-
cular in general outline, 2-3 in. br., more or less deeply cut from the circum-
ference towards the centre, with broad rounded or narrow lobes, the inargin
fringed with a double series of peltate scales; spurious venules copious ; invol,
numerous, placed round the edge of the frond, the tube sunk, the mouth two-
lipped.— 4, Sp.1.t.115. Exot. Flora, t.76. Lecanium, V. D. B.

_ Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and continent.—Here, although the frond

is so thin, there are two or three layers of cellules, and the curious peltate scales of the

oe are unique. The habit is that of Padina pavonia amongst Alge@ or a broad-lobed
ustra,

9. T. cuspidatum, Willd.; fr. distinctly but very shortly stalked, about $ in.
br., the outer edge rounded and more or less lobed, the base truncate or more or
less cuneate ; spurious veins distinct ; invol. 1 to 6, the tube sunk in the frond,
the mouth dilated, but scarcely two-lipped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 119. Microgonium,
VLD, B. T. Bojeri, Hk. Sp.1. p. 116. Ak. & Gr. Ic. Lil. t. 155.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

10. T. Motleyi, V. D. B.; fr. copious, imbricated, sessile, about } in. br.,
cordate-orbicular, nearly entire ; spurious veins indistinct, the solitary exserted ;
sorus placed in a deep apical sinus, the mouth spreading and much dilated, but
entire. T. Henzaiense, Bedd. Fil, Brit. Ind. t. 188.

Hab, Borneo, Moulmein, Andamans, Ceylon ; New Caledonia, Lenormand.
K

74 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

11. T. Godmani, Hk. MSS ; fr. tomentose, strong, 2-2 in. 1., 4-4 in br., sub-
orbicular or obovate, the margin entire or slightly lobed ; venation flabellate
above, but the frond furnished with a distinct central costa through the lower
half; spurious venules indistinct ; sor? 1 to 9, the tube quite sunk in the frond,
the mouth dilated, entire. Baker, Linn. Proc. ix. 387. tab. 8. fig. A.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godinan; Panama, Hayes.—Similar to T., Motley in habit,
but quite different in the fruit.

12. T. punctatum, Poiret ; fr. stalked or subsessile, 3-3 in. br., suborbicular or
obovate, undulated or slightly lobed at the margin ; veins closely placed, with
thick prominent spurious venules between them; soré 1 to 4, placed on the
outer edge of the frond, and more or less exserted, the mouth distinctly two-
lipped — Hh. Sp.1. p.116. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 236. Hemiphlebium, V.D.B.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.

13. T. reptans, Swartz; st. tin. 1.5 fr. $4 in. br. each way, obovate-cuneate,
often with short blunt lobes; veins close; spurious venules conspicuous ; soré
1 to 4, placed on the outer margin, tube partially or quite exserted, the mouth
distinctly two-lipped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 116. Hk. & Gr. Le. Fil, t, 82. Hemiphle-

bium, V.D.B. 'T. sphenoides, Kunze in Schk, F. t. 88. fig. 2. in greater part.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.—There has been considerable
.confusion between this species and the preceding, which are very closely allied,

++ Fronds with a distinct central costa from apex to base. Sp. 14-20.

14. T. Barklianum, Baker; fr. very shortly stalked, 2-3 lin. 1, 1 lin. br,
linear-obloug, entire, the margin undulated; veims pinnate 5 spurious venules
none; sori solitary, terminal, the tube partially exserted, with a large dilated
entire mouth.—Baker, in Linn. Proc. ix. 388. tab. 8. fig. F.

Hab. Tamari Cascade, Mauritius.—A very interesting novelty, the discovery of which
we owe to Sir Henry Barkly, the Governor of Mauritius, and Lady Barkly.

15. T. vitiense, Baker ; fr. subsessile, or very shortly stalked, oblong, entire,
or rarely bifid, 2-4 lin. 1., 1-2 lin. br., furnished with a midrib only ; dat. veins
none ; spurious venules none; sor? solitary, terminal, the tube partially exserted,
the mouth entire, slightly dilated. Baker, in Linn. Proc. ix. 388. tab. 8. fig. D.

Hab. Fiji Islands, Milne.—This species rivals in minuteness Hymenophyllum ifo~
liwm and the preceding. From this latter it is readily distinguishable a the Heike
lateral veins, and the two are the only pinnate-veined species that are without spurious
venules. Gathered lately in Queensland, according to Baron von Mueller.

16. T. neilgheriense, Beddome ; st. 1-2 lin. 1, fr. 44 in, 1, 1-2 lin. br., oblong-
lanceolate, not lobed, but sometimes bifid at the apex ; spurious venules nume-
rous; soré 1 to 2, the tube more or Jess sunk in the frond, the mouth exserted
with two large rounded lips.—Bedd, Fil. 8. Ind. t. 6, :

Hab. Western slopes of the Neilgherr 8. Hi i
ae en. p gherry range, indostan, discovered and figured by.

17. 'T. Petersii, A. Gray ; st. 1-2 lin. 1.3 fr. 3-4 in, L, 1-2 lin. br., varying in
shape from linear to obovate-spathulate, Hes or slightly lobed ; iia
venules few, short and often unconnected ;. sord solitary, terminal, the tube sunk
in the frond, the mouth much dilated, but entire.—A. Gray, in Sill. Am, Journ.
1853, p. $26, Hk. Ic. Pl. t. 986. Microgonium, V. D. B. :

Hab, Near a waterfall in Winston co., Alabama, U.S. A.

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 75

18. T. apodum, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, tomentose, irregu-
larly pinnate ; fr. subsessile, 3-3 in. each way, orbicular-cordate, with broad
deep lobes and scattered stellate tufts of cilie on the edge; second. veins distant
and but little branched; sorz solitary, terminal, quite exserted, the mouth dilated
and distinctly nip aa oe Sp. 1. p. 118. Hk. & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 117.
Didymoglossum, V. D. &. T. muscoides, Sw. teste Carruthers.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.

19. T. Henzaianum, Parish ; st. 1-2 lin.1.; /7. 3-3 in. each way, thin in tex-
ture, orbicular or obovate-cuneate, bluntly lobed or slightly tending towards
palmate ; dat. veins rather distant ; spurious venules copious ; sori 1 to 6, placed
near the centre of the outer margin; zzvol. sunk in the frond, the mouth dis-
tinctly two-lipped.— Parish in Hk. 2. Cent. Ferns, t. 1.

Hab. On trees, Moulmein, Pegu, Rev. C. Parish.

20. T. muscoides, Swartz; fr. shortly stalked, 1-3 in. 1., +3 in. br., varying
in shape from linear-oblong to suborbicular, nearly entire or bluntly lobed,
especially above ; spurious venules faint but copious ; sori 1 to 8, terminal on the
lobes, the tube sunk in the frond, the mouth free, dilated, but usually scarcely
two-lipped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 117.

Hab. Tropical America, Asia, Polynesia, and Africa.—Sir W. Hooker was disposed to
place here eight species of Van den Bosch, authentically represented in his collection ;
viz. ides, sublimbatum, erugi , erosum, Hookeri, Lenormandi, bimarginatum, and
Kapplerianum. The first of these is considered by that author as a Hemiphlebium (mouth
distinctly two-lipped), and the two next he separates from the other five by the character
of ‘spurious venules free, joined together towards the margin.” . Schaffneri, Schlt.,
T. Pabstianum, C. Mull, and T. crispulum, V. D.B., are closely allied plants not repre-
sented by name in the Hookerian collection.

** Fronds entire below, palmate or digitate above.—Gonocormus, V.D.B.
Sp. 21-30.

21, T. parvulum, Poiret ; rhizome wide-creeping, interlaced; st. 1 in. L, wiry,
slender, tomentose below; fr. }-4 in. each way, orbicular in general outline,
cuneate or truncate at the. base, Aabellately cut about halfway down from the
outer edge in the direction of the base into narrow irregular segments; veins close,
prominent, so that the frond when dry appears channelled, dichotomous at a
very small angle; spurious venules numerous; soré 4 to 6, terminal on the
central segments, the tube quite sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated at the
sides.—Hk. Sp. p. 118. t. 89. A.

Hab. Japan, China, the Malaccas, Java, Polynesian Islands, Madagascar, and Johanna
Island. ;

22. T. sazxifragoides, Presl; st. + in. 1,, slender, tomentose below ; /r. 2-8 lin.
each way, flabellato-suborbicular in general outline, cut from the margin in the
direction of the apex of the stipe into numerous linear-acute segments, the
deepest divisions scarcely reaching halfway down; veins close, prominent, irre-
gular; sori 2 to 4, the tube sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated, spreading,
scarcely two-lipped.

Hab. Java, New Ireland, Fiji and Philippine Islands.—Very near 7. parvulum, from
which it differs by its smaller and less deeply cut fronds, and the dilated mouth of the
involucre. Vanden Bosch assigns to 7’. minutum, Blume, proliferous stipes ; but I cannot
distinguish from this his specimens thus marked in the Hookerian collection.

23. T. Mannii, Hk. MSS.; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. $-1 in. 1, slender,
tothentose below ; /r. -1 in. each way, suborbicular in general outline, deeply

76 17. TRIcHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

flabellately divided into narrow dichotomous linear segments ; spurious venules
few’; sore 4 to 8, terminal on the central lobes, the mouth much dilated and
spreading, but not two-lipped.

Hab. Fernando Po, G. Mann.— Closely allied to 7. parvulum, but a larger and more
deeply divided plant, with a broad plaited wing all round the mouth of the involucre.

24. T. proliferum, Blume; rhizome wide-creeping, densely interlaced ; s¢.
1-2 in.1., slender, bearing 1 to 3 deeply divided fronds, which were not more
than 1 in. br. either way, varying from ovate-lanceolate to roundish in general
outline; segm. narrow, dichotomously branched, divided down nearly to the
central rachis ; veins numerous, irregular ; sori 4 to 12, terminal, the tube quite
sunk, the mouth obscurely two-lipped.—Hzé. Sp. 1. p. 118. ¢. 39. B. T. pal-
matum, Presi.

Hab. Java, Philippine Islands, Ceylon, and western slope of the Neilgherries.—Usu-
ally easily recognizable by its peculiar proliferous habit, but the fronds are very variable
in outline, and sometimes closely resemble the deeply-divided forms of section 3.
T. diffusum, Blume, and T. Teysmanni, V.D.B., are closely allied Javan plants, which
I have not seen. A plant collected by Barter at Sierra Leone is probably this species ;
but it is in 2 young state, aod does not show the proliferous ramification. This species is
cut more deeply than the three preceding, and the segments are narrower.

25. T. flabellatum, Bory (non V.D.B); st. 1 in. 1, slender; fr. 3 in. br.,
flabellate-orbicular, the principal ‘divisions reaching more than halfway down
from the circumference to the summit of the stipe, the ultimate divisions short,
the segments close together, broadly linear, obtuse, not toothed or ciliated ;
spurious venules none; sori 2 to 4, terminal on the central segments; invol.
turbinate, the mouth distinctly two-lipped, denticulate.—Hymenophyllum flabel-
latum, V. D. B. T. Sibthorpioides, Bory.

Hab, Bourbon.—Our description is taken from specimens referred to the plant of
Bory, on Dr. Van den Bosch’s authority. Bory’s plant came from the Falkland Islands,
and he did not know the fruit. Dr. Van den Bosch considers this a Hymenophyllum, and
uses the name for a plant we have placed under 7. digitatum, There is an allied
T. Thouarsianum, Presl, from Bourbon, which we have not seen,

26. T. Powellii, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose; jr. quite sessile,
% in. br., 3-1 in. L, simple or once or twice deeply forked, dark brown in colour, a
single central costa only in each segment, the texture rather thickly membra-
naceous, the membrane on each side of the midrib slightly undulated, but the
margin neither ciliated nor toothed ; soré 1 to 4, terminal on the segments, nearly
or quite sunk ; znvol. obconico-tubular, the mouth wide-spreading, two-lipped,
naked, not toothed.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell.—Allied to T. digitatum, but readily distinguishable by
the characters given,

27. T. digitatum, Swartz; st. very slender, naked, 4 in. 1; fr. 1-2 in. L,
3-1 in. br., irregular in general outline, divided down nearly to the base ora
broadly-winged rachis into long broadly linear dichotomous ciliated segments,
with only a central costa in each; sori 2 to 6, terminal on the segments ; invol.
cup-shaped, quite sunk, the mouth broadly dilated, slightly two-lipped.— H7&. Sp. 1.
9.119, T. kanceum, Bory. Hk. é Gr. Ic. Fil.t. 83. T. flabellatum and nitidulum,
V.D.B.—Bp, T. palmatifidum, C. Muller ; 7r. ciliated more strongly and densely,
and not on the edge only, but also on the costa and margin of the invol,

Hab, Mauritius, Bourbon, Java, and Polynesian Islands.—This ig given as a Cape
plant, on Dr, Brown’s authority, and there is a scrap from E. India from amongst
Mr. Griffith’s plants in Herb. Hooker. “The Ceylon Hymenophyllum corticola of our first
edition isa variety of this, and it bas been lately found in Hast Australia by Mr. C, Moore,

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICILOMANES. 77

28. T. calvescens, V.D. B.; st. 1-2 in. 1., filiform, naked; fr. about 3 in. each
way, inversely triangular or rhomboidal in general outline, flabellately divided
down nearly to the rachis into slightly dichotomous denticulate broadly linear
segm., with only a central costa in each; sori 2 to 4, terminal on the central
segments ; invol. turbinate or obconical, sunk in the frond, with a free, broad
dilated deeply and irregularly toothed naked two-lipped mouth.—V. D. B.
Suppl. 2. p. 1165.

Hab, N.S. Wales, Major Vicary.—Probably a mere variety of the last.

29. T. Lyallii, Hk. MSS. ; st. 1-2 in. 1, slender, filiform ; fr. 3-2 in. each way,
suborbicular in general outline, flabellately divided down very nearly to the
base into dichotomously-branched narrowly linear ciliated and minutely den-
ticulate segments ; sori 3 or 4, terminal on the segments; invol. obconical, quite
ae i the tube, the mouth ciliated, not dilated.—_Hymenophyllum, Hk. fil.

. NV. Z, 2-16.

. Hab. Trees, south-west coast of the middle island, New Zealand, Dr. Lyall.—Quite
intermediate between the typical Hymenophylla aud Trichomanes in the shape of its
involucre, the breadth of the orifice of which nearly equals the depth of the tube.

380. T. nanum, V.D.B.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. very short ; /r.
not more than 2 in. each way, cuneate below, the outer margin rounded, central
portion not more than 3 in. broad, divisions simple or once branched ; ult. segm.

3-2 lin. 1. by } lin. br. ; texture thick but not rigid, surface somewhat undu-
lated, margin bounded by a thickened line; a central vein only in each segment ;
sori 1 to 2 to a frond, sub-terminal, tube turbinate, not at all exserted, the
mouth dilated, undulated in irregular plications—V.D. B. 2. Suppl. p. 122.
Crepidomanes, V. D. B. T. Kurzii, Beddome, F.B.I. t. 286.

Hab. Assam and Andamans.—Resembling 7. intramarginale in texture, but quite
different in size, &c., and in division agreeing best with this section.

*** Fronds more or less deeply pinnatifid, but not truly pinnate. Sp. 81-57.
t+ Main rachis distinctly winged throughout. Sp. 31-47.

81. T. pusillum, Swartz; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose; fr. nearly
sessile, 2-3 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., oblong or obovate, cuneate-attenuate below, once
deeply pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis; J/obes linear or oblong,
toothed or deeply pinnatifid, texture membranaceous ; a central costa in each
pinna, with numerous erecto-patent secondary veins and spurious venules; sord 1
to 4, round the apex of the frond, tube exserted, mouth with two large rounded
lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p.117. T. quercifolium, Hk. & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 115. Hemi-
phlebium, V. D. B. T. Robinsoni, Hk, Baker, Linn. Proc. ix. tab. 8. fig. B.

Hab. Tropical South America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil
and Peru. Kranze kop, Natal, Robinson.

82. T. Krausii, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr. sessile or
nearly so, 1-3 in. ]., 4 in. br., oblong, attenuate or cuneate at the base, once
deeply pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis; /obes linear-oblong, nearly
entire, or toothed or sinuato-pinnatifid, texture membranaceous ; a central costa
in each pinna, with distant pinnate secondary veins passing gradually into spurious
venules ; sori 1 to 6, on the apex of the frond, tube more or less exserted, mouth
with two large rounded lips—Hé&. Sp. 1. p. 120. Hk. d Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 149.
Hemiphlebium, V. D. B.

78 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.
Hab, West Indian islands and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru.

33. T. Kirkii, Hk. MSS. ; st. slender, 1 in..L, winged above; fr. 1-2 in. L,
1 in. br., subquadrate or rhomboidal in general outline, cut down to a narrowly-
winged rachis ; segm, 1-2 in. 1.3 erecto-patent, linear, crenulate at the margin,
with a considerable space between them ; a central costa and numerous short
oblique veins and manifest spurious venules in each segment ; sori 2 to 12, the
tube sunk in the frond, the mouth spreading, slightly two-lipped.

Hab. Johanna Island, West Africa, Dr. Kirk, Sir F. Grey.—Probably a mere variety
of 7. muscoides, and the same as 7’, Lenormandi, V. D. B.

_ 84, T. sinuosum, Rich.; rhizome wide-creeping, sinuous, rather strong; st.
varying from hardly any to 2 in. 1.; /r. 2-9 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., linear-lanceolate,
very gradually decurrent below, pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ;
colour bright green, texture delicately membranaceous ; éobes oblong, obtuse,
crenate at the margin; a central costa in each, with 2 to 4 pairs of erecto-patent
branches ; spurious venules none, the margin ciliated ; sore 2 to 4 to each lobe,
the tube sunk, the mouth dilated, slightly two-lipped ; recept. much exserted.—
ATi. Sp.1. p.120. Hk. é& Gr. Lc. Fil. t. 13. T. incisum, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 121.

Hab, Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to Peru and Brazil.

35. T. pinnatifidum, V.D.B.; st. slender, 1-2 in. 1., winged above; jr. 2-4
in L, 1-14 in. br., ovate-lanceolate in general outline, cut down to within a short
distance of the rachis; segm. linear, erecto-patent, the lower 1 in. 1., with deep
rounded lobes ; substance thin ; central veins of the segments with 2 to 6 pairs.
of lateral veins ; spurious venules none, the margin ciliated; sori 1 to 3, placed
principally near the base of the segments on the upper side, the tube quite sunk,
the mouth broadly dilated, two-lipped.—V. D. B. Suppl. 2. p. 118.

Hab, Jamaica,—Closely allied to 7. sinuosum, but different in outline, and much more
deeply divided. Chontales, Ralph Tate.

36. T. Bancroftii, Hk. & Gr.; st. 1-2 in. 1., broadly winged down to the very
base ; /r. 3-6 in. 1, 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged
rachis, texture subcoriaceous; segm. oblong, blunt, crenate, either imbricated
or with a small space between them; Jat. veins of the segments branched ;
spurious venules none; sort 2 to 6 to a pinna, the tube sunk, the mouth rather
dilated, but entire ; vecept. long, filiform.— H&. Sp. 1. p.128. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil.
2.204. Hk. Gard. Ferns, t. 56. T. coriaceum & holopterum, Kunze.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indian Islands southward to Brazil and Peru.

37. T. macilentum, V. D. B.; rhizome creeping, wiry; st. 2-6 in. 1, wiry,
winged above; /r. 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, divided
down within a short distance of the rachis ; segm. oblong or linear-oblong, nearly
entire or divided more than halfway down into narrow linear lobes, texture
subcoriaceous ; veins thick ; spurious venules none ; sord 2 to 6 to a segment, the
tube sunk, the mouth slightly two-lipped ; recep. long, filiform.—V. D. B. 1st
Suppl. p. 12.

Hab. Trinidad, Demerara, and northern provinces of Brazil__Near 7. Bancroftit, but
distinguishable by its more divided fronds and creeping rhizome,

88. T. superbum, V.D. B. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping 3 st, 2-5 in, 1, strong,
winged nearly down to the base; /r. 4-9 in. 1., 2-4 in, br., broadly ovate, pin-
natifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis, the substance subcoriaceous ; dower
pinne lanceolate, divided more than halfway down to the rachis, with oblong

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 79

erenate lobes; main and secondary midribs tomentose ; lat. veins numerous ;
spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 6 to each lobe; invol. sunk, the mouth scarcely
dilated ; recept. long, filiform.—V. D. B. Suppl. 2. p.119. T. fimbriatum, Backh.
Gard. Chron. 1862, p. 44.

sen Trinidad and British Guiana.—This and the two preceding are very closely
ed.

39. T. Kaulfussii, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome wide-creeping, strong, tomentose ; st.
2-4 in. 1., strong, compressed, winged above ; fr. 4-12 in. ]., 15-2 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate-acuminate, once pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ; segm.
linear-oblong, rounded or acute, toothed, the largest 1 in. L, 2 in. br.; main rachis
densely and the surface slightly hairy ; Jat. veins of the segments | to 4 times
forked; spurious veuules none ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, tube more or less exserted,
mouth with two lateral projections ; recept. long, filiform.—Zé. Sp. 1. p. 122.
T. lucens, Hh. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 10 (non Swartz).

Hab. West Indian islands, Guiana, and N. Brazil.

_ 40. T. alatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., winged above; fr. 3-12 in. L, 1-4
me br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, bi-tripinnatifid; main rachis winged
throughout ; pinne lanceolate acute, cut more than halfway down to the rachis ;
Jobes often again sharply toothed ; texture delicately membranaceous; rachis rather
hairy; ult. segm. with several lateral veins ; spurious venules none; sori 2 to 12
to a pinna, terminal on the segments, the tube sunk, the mouth spreading but
scarcely two-lipped ; recept. long, filiform.—Hé. Sp. 1. p. 123. k. & Gr. Ic.
Fil.t. 21, T. attenuatum, Hé. Sp. 1. p. 122. t. 89. C. TT. ptilodes, lineare, &
delicatum, V. D, B.

Hab. West Indies, Columbia, Brazil.— Very variable in robustness and hairi-
ness, The large state is a very beautiful plant.

41. T. bécorne, Hk. ; rhizome strong, scarcely creeping ; st. 1-2 in. 1., winged
nearly or quite down to the base ; /r. 2-3 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., bi- or tri-pinnatifid,
ovate in general outline, divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; lower pinne
ovate-triangular, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, the lobes again deeply
divided ; wit. segm. linear, substance subcoriaceous ; a central costa only in each
segment ; sori 2 to 4 to a pinna; invol. tubular, quite sunk in the frond, the
mouth dilated into two lateral projections Hé&. Jc. Pl. t. 982.

Hab. North of Brazil, Spruce.—This and the two preceding resemble one another
closely in delicacy of texture, but differ in the extent to which the frond is divided.

42, T. intramarginale, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, tomentose ;
st. very short ; fr. 1-2 in. l., 2-3 in. br., oblong-rhomboidal, bipinnatifid, tapering
gradually below, central portion 1 lin. br.; segm. few, erecto-patent, linear, simple
or forked; substance subcoriaceous, opaque, somewhat crisped when dry; a
central costa only in each segment, but the margin thickened ; sori 1to 4 toa
frond, terminal or axillary on the upper segments, tube sunk, mouth not dilated.
—Hk. & Gr, le. Fil. t. 211, Hk. Sp.1. p. 120. Crepidomanes, V. D. B.

Hab. Ceylon, rediscovered recently by Mr. Thwaites.—This resembles in texture the
next species and No, 31.

43. T. latemarginale, Eaton ;. rhizome slender, wide-creeping, tomentose ; st.
none or scarcely any ; /r. about 3 in. 1, 3 in. br., suborbicular or oblong-rhom-
boidal, pinnatifid ; mazn rachis with a wing about 1 lin. br. ; segm. linear, close,
simple, or once forked ; substance membranaceous, surface naked ; a central
costa only in each segment, but the margin thickened ; sor? 1 to 8, terminal on
the upper segments, tube sunk, mouth dilated, two-lipped.—LEaton, Fil. Chin. &

Japan, p. 3.

80 17. TRicHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Hab. Hongkong, C. Wright.—We owe the discovery of this species to the VDnited
States North Pacific Exploring Expedition of 1853-6, under Capts, Ringgold and
Rodgers,

44, T. humile, Forster; rhizome creeping, deeply intermatted ; st. 3-3 in. 1.,

slender, winged above; fr. 1-2 in. 1., 4 in. br., bipinnatifid, lanceolate-oblong in
general outline, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis; segm. pinnatifid, with
simple or once-forked linear lobes; substance membranaceous, surface and margin
naked ; a central costa only in each segment; no spurious venules; soré solitary,
on the upper side of the pinnse, tube more or less exserted, the mouth spreading,
two-lipped—H&. Sp. 1. p. 128. Hk. Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 35.—8, T. Endlicherianum,
Presl ; fr. more elongated; segm. narrower and less branched. T. erectum,
Brackenridge.

Hab. Java, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands.—T7. aurewm, V. D. B., differs from the
type by its longer and broader slightly-crisped segments. Probably a mere variety of
pyxidiferum.

48-7 Mewlaclaaig, Kunze ; rhizome long, wiry, wide-creeping, more or less
tomentose ; /r. 1-2 Ti. apart, nearly sessile, 3-6 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., once-pinnatifid,
cut down to a broadly-winged rachis; lower pinne oblong, blunt, 3-1 in. 1., 3-3 br.,
varying from nearly entire to cut down to a broadly-winged rachis .with linear
lobes ; texture membranaceous ; surface nearly naked or ferrugineo-tomentose,
especially on the veins; veins prominent; Jat. veins of the pinne parallel and
erecto-patent ; no spurious venules ; sort 1 to 12 to a pinna, placed at the edge of
the lower half on both sides, tube long, cylindrical, stalked, mouth scarcely
spreading. —H&, Sp.1. p. 121. Tr Ankersii, Parker, in Hk. Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 201.
oa z anaicum, Hk.; fr. 6-9 in. L, linear, undivided ; sovd in long rows on
oth sides.

Hab, Tropical inagfrom the West Indian Islands southward to Peru and the
South o -—A very distinct plant, which corresponds to the genus Lacostea of Van
den Bosch, who makes nine species.

46. T. pallidum, Blume; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, tomentose; st. 1-3
in. 1, slender but wiry; /”. 2-6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., ovate-lanceolate acuminate,
bipinnatifid, just divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; lower pinne ovate-
rhomboidal, divided more than halfway down, and the lobes again slightly cut ;
substance subcoriaceous, both surfaces, when dry, often decidedly coated with
white, always more or less clothed with strong light-brown hairs; veins broad
and few; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, axillary on the segments on both sides, the tube
nearly sunk, the mouth dilated, but scarcely two-lipped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 189.
T. glauco-fuscum, AZ, Sp. 1. p. 128. ¢ 40. A. T. album, Blume, Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 129.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, and Pacific Islands.—This cor-
responds to the genus Craspedoneuron of Van den Bosch, who makes four species. The
pallid hue of the dry frond is very peculiar, and the coating of hairiness is sometimes
very prominent, but is sometimes nearly deciduous,

47. T. serratulum, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; sf. slender, naked,
about fin. 1.; fr. under 4 in. 1, about in. br., oblong, or subrhomboidal in
general outline, pinnatifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis; segm. erecto-patent,
in 2-6 pairs, linear, simple or forked, } in. 1, under 4 lin. br., toothed at the
margin, texture membranaceous ; a central costa only in each segment; spurious
venules none ; sori 1 to 2, terminal on the upper segments, the tube exserted or
ot stipitate, the mouth slightly two-lipped, deeply ciliated with sharp linear
teeth.

Hab. On trees, Lobong Peak, Borneo.—Resembling 7. calwescens, Lyallit, and denticu-
latum in its toothed segments, but different in other respects, and « very distinct
species,

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 81

tt Main rachis hardly, if at all, winged in the lower part. Sp. 48-57.

48edxLilicula, Bory ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose, rather slender ; s¢. 1-2
in. ]., naked, slightly winged above; fr. 1-4 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., ovate, tripinnatifid,
main rachis with a very narrow wing or free below ; inne ovate-rhomboidal,
pinnatifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis; the lower pinnl. again deeply
pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. linear 5 teature firm, membranaceous; a central costa
in each segment, spurious venules none or indistinct ; soré 1 to 4 to a pinna,
axillary or terminal on the segments; ¢wbe sunk or somewhat exserted, the
mouth very distinctly two-lipped, the lips subtriangular with a rounded apex.—
Hk, Syn. 1. p.124. Didymoglossum, Desv.—f, T. late-alatum, V.D.B.; ultimate
segments very narrow and acute, wing of rachis somewhat crisped, spurious
venules distinct—V. D. B. Suppl. 1. p. 64. icatum, V. D. B,

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, Natal, Cape Colony, and Fernando Po;
Nepaul, Assam, Japan, N. Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands.—
Very like 7. pyxidiferum in habit, and principally distinguishable by the distinctly two-
lipped involucre. It was formerly supposed that one of them was confined to the New,
the other to the Old World; but 7. pyxidiferwm has now been found abundantly in Asia,
Africa, and the Polynesian Islands ; and I cannot distinguish from this, though labelled
pyxidiferum on bigh authority, a Mexican plant from Liebmann. Here are included
numerous species of Vanden Bosch ; amongst which are his Didymoguossum Draytonia-
num, euphlebium, Grifithii, racemulosum, insigne, capillatum, and dilatatum. The
oldest specific name is 7. bipunctatum, Poiret.

49. T..myaidiferum, L.; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose, rather slender ; s¢. 1-2
in. 1., naked, winged above ; /r. 1-6 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., ovate-oblong, tripinnatifid,
main rachis with a very narrow wing ; pinne ovate-rhomboidal, pinnatifid down
to a narrowly-winged rachis, with the lower pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid ;
ultimate segm. linear, often emarginate at the apex ; texture membranaceous ; a
central costa in each segment ; spurious venules none or indistinct ; sori 1 to 4 to
a pinna, axillary, tube more or less winged, mouth broadly dilated but scarcely
two-lipped ; recept. filiform, exserted—f&. Sp. 1. p. 124. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t.
206.—B, J. emarginatum, Presl; more divided, the segments of the pinnules
numerous and crowded. TZ. cavifolium, C. Muller.—y, 7. olivacewm, Kunze ;
segments broader, less divided, wing of rachis somewhat crisped, spurious venules
distinct.

Hab, Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru ; Bourbon, Cape of Good Hope, Angola, Fernando Po, Hindostan, as far north as
Khasia, Moulmein, Borneo, and New Caledonia.—Our a corresponds to numerous
species of Van den Bosch, including his hymenophylloides, Lechleri, Brasiliense, Borboni-
cum, Milnei, Vieillardi, eximium, and Schmidtianum,

50. T. radic Swartz; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, tomentose ; sf. strong,
wit, , 2-6 in. 1, naked or nearly so, sometimes the upper part winged ;
jr. 4-12 in. 1, 2-6 in. br., tripinnatifid, main rachis very narrowly winged, often
free, except near the apex; lower pinna 1-4 in. 1., ovate-rhomboidal, cut down
to a narrowly-winged rachis; pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid, ovate-rhomboidal,
with deeply-toothed lower segm.; texture membranaceous but firm ; a single vein
only carried into each ultimate segment; sord lateral, 1 to 4 to a pinnule, the
tube small, subcoriaceous, more or less decidedly exserted, the mouth very
slightly two-lipped ; recept. slender, elongated. H&, Syn. 1. p. 125, non Hk. &
Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 218. Hk. Brit. Ferns, t. 42. TT. speciosum, Willd.—p, T.
Kunzeanum, Hk.; fr. 12-18 in. 1., subcoriaceous, main and secondary rachises
hardly at all winged; pinne distant stalked, pinnules deeply pinnatifid, the
lowest lobes again pinnatifid, the segments very long and narrow.—H&, Syn. 1.
p.127. t. 89.D. T. Antillarum, V.D.B, 'T. umbrosum, Wally, T. Luschna-
tianum, Presl ; fr.lanceolate acuminate, quite sessile—Hymenophyllum rupestre.
Raddi. ;

82 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Hab. Europe—Ireland, Wales, Spain ; Africa—Canaries, Madeira, island of St, Thomas,
Fernando Po, Angola, Johanna Island; Asia—Japan and Northern Hindostan, Polyne-
sian Islands ; America, from Alabama, Mexico, and the West Indian Islands southward
to Rio Janeiro.—A very widely-diffased and variable plant. The two striking vaxieties
mentioned are both confined to the tropical zone. Van den Bosch refers T. scandens,
Linn., to our 8, but the plant of the Linnean Herbarium is our species 69.

51. T. auriculatum, Blume; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr nearly
sessile, 6-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., bipinnatifid, rachis wiry, very slightly winged
throughout or above only ; pinn@ shortly stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, obliquely
cuneate at the base, irregularly pinnatifid halfway down or more, the lowest
anterior lobe often considerably prolonged beyond the others; teature sub-
coriaceous ; venation close, flabellate ; soré 2-12 to a pinna, the tube nearly or

uite exserted, the mouth truncate. Hé. Syn. 1. p. 183. T. dissectum, Jd, Sin.
via Syn. 1. p.140. Cephalomanes, V.D. B.

Hab. Japan, Formosa, N. Hindostan, Philippines, Java, and Guiana.—Placed by
Van den Bosch in the same genus as 7. Javanicum, on account of the agreement in
venation,

52. 'T. denticulatum, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. slender, naked,

Lin. lL; fr. 1-14 in. L, 4 in. br., ovate or oblong, bipinnatifid, main rachis
winged above, free below ; pinne pinnatifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis ;
ultimate segm. linear, serrated, about }in. 1, d lin. br. ; ¢eatwre membranaceous ;
a costa only in each segment; sori 1 to a-pinna, terminal on the lowest segment
on the upper side, tube exserted, mouth with two bluntly triangular lips.

Hab. Borneo, discovered by the late Mr. Motley.—An interesting plant, combining
the habit of H. Tunbridgense with the fruit of a Didymoglossum.

53. T. venosum, R. Br.3 rhizome slender, wide-creeping 3 st. 1-2 in. 1., very
slender, naked ; fr. 2-5 in.1, 1-14 in. br., and pinnatifid, the main rachis free
in the lower half, broadly winged above ; lower pinmne about 1 in. 1., varying
from linear and nearly simple to lanceolate deeply pinnatifid below ; texture
membranaceous ; costa wavy, with numerous alternate once or twice dichotomous
secondary veins; surface naked, shining; sord only 1 toa pinna, axillary on the
upper margin, tube immersed, much dilated, slightly two-lipped—A&. Sp. 1.
p. 182. . & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 78. Phlebiophyllum, V. D. B.

Hab. Australia and New Zealand.—A very distinct species,

54. T. crispum, L.; rhizome short or somewhat elongated, strong, tomentose ;
jr. scattered or tufted; st. 2-6 in. 1. strong, wiry, tomentose; 7/7. 4-12 in. L,
14-2 in. br., lanceolate, fully pinnate or pinnatifid nearly to the rachis ; lower
pinne 3-1 in.1., 2 lin. br., oblong, obtuse, spreading or even deflexed; texture
membranaceous and the pinnee often incurved and crisped ; rachis more or less
clothed with reddish-brown hairs, the surface hairy, especially beneath, and the
margin ciliated ; lateral veins of the pinne usually once dichotomous ; sori 1 to 8,
eee round the apex of the pinne, tube quite sunk, mouth two-lipped ; recepir.

ong, exserted.—H&, Syn. 1.p.180. Hk, & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 12.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Peru and Brazil, and
recently gathered in West Tropical Africa (banks of the Nun and Niger) by Barter and
Mann.—Apparently we include here all the simply pinnatifid section of Achomanes of
Van den Bosch, who enumerates eighteen species. The principal variation is in the
vestiture of the frond and elongation of the rootstock, so that the fronds are either tufted
or scattered. The extremes of the series in the former respect are 7. pellucens, Kunze,
which is nearly naked, and 7. Martiusii, Presl, and 7. Plumuia, Presl, in which the
rachis is densely clothed with long rust-coloured hairs, and the fronds also thickly coated,
especially beneath.

55. T. crinitum, Swartz; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1, slender, villose ; fr. 2-8 in. 1,

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES, 83

4-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate or linear-oblong, bipinnatifid ; pane reaching down
very nearly tothe rachis, the lower ones ovate-oblong, cut about haltway down into
broadly linear segments; substance membranaceous, the surface slightly hairy,
margin ciliated; veins slender, the lateral veins of the pinne usually once
branched ; soré 1 to 2 to a pinna, terminal, tube sunk, mouth ciliated, spreading,
but scarcely two-lipped.—&, Sp. 1. p. 131.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Andes of Ecuador.—This constitutes the genus
Ragatelus of Presl.-

56. T. lucens, Swartz; caud. scarcely creeping ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. L, stout,
densely clothed with long, fine, ferruginous hairs; 77. 6-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, fully pinnate ; pine very close, often imbricated, transversely
crisped, pinnatifid about halfway down to the costa, the lower ones linear-
acuminate, 1-2 in. 1. 3-3 in. br.; substance delicately membranaceous ; rachis
densely tomentose; costa and veins also rufo-villose; soré as many as 20
to a pinna, occupying the greater part of both edges, tube quite sunk, mouth
ae we lateral projections—Hé&. Sp. 1. p. 189. % 41, A. T. splendidum,

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and Jamaica southward to Peru.

57. T. Lambertianum, Hk. ; caud. scarcely creeping, tomentose ; st. stout, 4-5
n. L, densely clothed with long, fine, reddish-brown hairs ; 77. 6-12 in. l., not
more than 1 in. br., linear-oblong, acuminate, pinnate; pimnw densely crowded,
imbricated, subsecund, oblong, obtuse, cut more than halfway down to the
rachis ; pinnl. again pinnatifid with linear-oblong segm.; substance thin, but
the frond much crisped, and especially the rachis, densely tomentose ; sord 4 to 12
to a pinna, the tube quite sunk, the mouth with two lateral projections.—Hz,
Syn. 1. p. 189. ¢. 41. B.

Hab. Perv.—A singular plant, with very closely-crowded pinne and segments, the
alliance of which is evidently with 7. ducens.

*eee Main rachis of the frond quite free or only very slightly winged towards
the apex. Sp. 58-77.

} Fronds simply pinnate, pinnules not divided. Sp. 58-60.

58. T. cespitosum, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, densely interlaced ; /r. sessile
or nearly so, 1-2 in. 1., #in. br., simply pinnate ; pimne concave, linear-oblong,
entire, about 3 in. 1. by 3 lin. br., the under surface, or solitary costa only,
clothed with strong brown hairs; texture rather rigid; soré 1 only to a pinna,
terminal, the tube obovate-cuneate, quite immersed, the mouth spreading, with
two rounded lips.—Hk. Syn. 1. p. 182.4. 40. B. Serpyllopsis, V. D. B.

Hab. S. Chili, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands, A very distinct plant, placed by
‘Van den Bosch in a genus by itself near Leptocionium.

59. T. javanicum, Blume; caud. tufted, with numerous strong wiry roots ; st.
1-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked or villose ; /r, 2-8 in. L., 1-2 in br., ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, once fully pinnate; lower pinne often 1 in. 1, gin. br., oblong,
obtuse or acute, obliquely cuneate at the base, finely toothed; texture sub-
coriaceous ; veins numerous, close, central costa not clearly marked or con-
tinuous to the apex; soré1 to 4, placed in the axils of linear segments on the
upper side of the pinne, tube free, the mouth broadly dilated but not two-
lipped ; recept. much exserted.— Hh. Sp. 1. p. 180. Hk. & Gr, Ic. Fil. t. 240.
Cephalomanes, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical Hindostan, Malayan Peninsula, Borneo, Java, Polynesian Islands, and

84 17, TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Madagascar.—This corresponds to the first section of the genus Cephalomanes of Van den
Bosch, who makes nine species.

60. T. pinnatum, Hedw.3 caud. erect, tufted ; st. strong, wiry, erect, naked,
or slightly hairy, 3-12 in.1.; fr. simply pinnate in the typical state, 4-18 in. 1.,
38-12 in. br., the apex often rooting and proliferous ; pinnw in 2 to 10 opposite or
alternate pairs, and a terminal one, 2-6 in. 1., ¢ to Zin br., linear-obtuse or
acute, sharply and finely toothed, the upper edge usually free from the stem at
the base, the under one attached and often furnished with a broad decurrent
wing ; textwre subcoriaceous; central costa thick; lateral veins fine and very
close, simple or forked, sometimes anastomosing ; sori placed all round the
pinne ; znvol. small, tubular, exserted or stipitate, the mouth slightly dilated ;
recept. long, filiform, exserted.—T. floribundum, #.B.K. Hkh. Sp. 1. p. 1.129.
Hk. & Gr. de. Fil. t. 9.—8, T. Vittaria, D.C.3 fr. 6-18 in. 1., about 1 in. br.
linear-lanceolate, entire.—Hk. in Lond. Journ, Bot. 1. p. 117. t. 5.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Jamaica southward to Brazil and Peru.—
This corresponds to the genus Neurophyllwm of Presl, Neuromames of Van den Bosch.
The latter makes five species, of which NV. abruptum is distinguished from the other four
by the absence of spurious venules connecting the veins on each side of the central costa.
It is figured in Hk. G, F. t. 8, and is 7, Hostmannianum, Klotzch. Some of Dr. Burchell’s
specimens show the simple and pinnate-fronded forms from the same root,

ae Fronds decompound, slender, flaccid, ultimate segments very narrowly linear or
Jjiliform. Sp. 61-68.

61. T. tenue, Brack. ; st. 1-2 in. 1, slender, naked; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1} in.
br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid, main rachis very narrowly-winged in the
upper half; pinne cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; pinnl. again pin-
natifid, with a few long, narrow, distant, erecto-patent linear segm.; both
surfaces naked, a central costa only in each segment ; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube
exserted, the mouth widely dilated, naked, two-lipped.— Brack. t. 86. f. 2.

Hab, Tahitii—This and the next are not so flaccid in habit as the rest of the group,
and have distinctly two-lipped involucres.

62. T. brevipes, Baker; rhizome tomentose, with numerous short-branched
rootlets; st. very short; 7/r. 2-3 in.1., 1-1} in. br., ovate-deltoid, fully pinnate,
or rachis very slightly winged at the apex ; pinne spreading, ovate, cut down
to a very narrowly-winged rachis; lowest pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid, with
narrow linear segm., 1 lin. 1., 4 lin. br.; texture membranaceous, a single
costa only in each segment ; sord 2 to 8 to a pinna, axillary, tube more or less
exserted, mouth with two large rounded lips——Didymoglossum brevipes, Presi,
Hlym. p. 23. T. melanorhizon, Hh. Syn. 1. p. 140. Ic. Pl. ¢, 705.

Hab. Leyte, Philippine Islands, Cuming, No. 316.—Distinguished from the preceding
by its more numerous pinnules, each furnished with several comparatively short narrow
linear segments on both sides,

63. T. Smithé, Wk. ; st. tufted, 1-2.in. 1., slender, erect, naked ; fr. 4-8 in. 1,
1-13 in. br., flaccid, lanceolate-oblong, tripinnatifid, main rachis only slightly
‘winged towards the apex ; pine cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis, the
divisions usually simple, occasionally forked, long, linear (} lin. br., $-4 in. 1.) ;
texture membranaceous, a central costa in each segment, the cells several times
broader than deep, separated from one another by continuous oblique vein-like
lines; sort-1 to 4 to a pinna, axillary, the tube narrowly winged, the mouth
with two lateral projections—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p.188. Hh. Ic. t.704. Habro-
dictyon Cumingii, Pres, Hym. t. 7.

Hab. Philippine Islands—Resembling 7. tenerum and caudatum in habit, but the
venation is quite unique and very peculiar,

17, TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 85

64. T. cqudatum, Brack. ; rhizome creeping; st. 1-2 in. 1., naked; fr. 3-12
in. L, 1-3 in. br., lanceolate, tripinnatifid, main rachis only very slightly winged
above; lower pinne ovate-rhomboidal, erecto-patent, pinnatifid down to a
narrowly-winged rachis; pinn. again pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. about 1 lin. 1,
q lin. br. ; texture membranaceous, surface naked, a central costa only in each
segment ; sovz 1 to 8 to a pinna, tube exserted, mouth spreading, not two-lipped.
—Brackenridge, t. 36, fig. 5. I, Flavo-fuscescens, V.D.B.

Hab, Fiji Islands, Tahiti, and N.S. Wales.—Very near 7’. tenerum, but stronger in
habit, darker in colour, the erecto-patent pinuz broader and more divided.

65. T. tenerum, Sprengel ; rhizome creeping, tomentose, very slender; sf. 1-2
in. 1., slender, naked; fr. 8-8 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate,
tripinnatifid, the main rachis only very slightly winged towards the apex ;
pinne distant, flaccid, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis, with distant
deeply incised or pinnatifid pinnl.; ultimate segm. 2-23 lin. 1. # lin. br.,
texture membranaceous, surface naked ; a central costa only in each segment ;
sort 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube more or less exserted, mouth spreading, but not
lipped.—T. angustatum, Carm. Hk. Sp.1.p.141. Hk. & Gr. Ie. Fil, t. 166.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico southward to Peru and Brazil and island of
Tristan d’Acunha,

66. T. exsectum, Kunze ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, tomentose ; st. slender,
naked, 1-8 in. 1.; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate, tripin-
natifid, the main rachis narrowly winged in the upper half; pinne distant,
flaccid, the upper ones often 3-4 in. l., the lower ones ovate or lanceolate,
divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis, with a few deeply-toothed or
pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture membranaceous, surface naked ; a central costa only in
each segment; soré 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube sunk, the mouth truncate——Zé, Syn.
Fil. 1. p. 141.

Hab. 8. Chili, Chiloe, and Juan Fernandez.—A much larger plant than J. tenerum,
with less divided pinne and broader and more distant segments.

67. T. Colensoi, Hk. fil. ; rhizome slender, naked, wide-creeping ; st. about
lin. 1, slender, naked ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
fully pinnate ; pinne distant, ovate or lanceolate-rhomboidal, stalked, and cut
nearly or quite down to a slender rachis; segm. linear-acute, very narrow ;
substance flaccid, a central costa only in each segment ; sor solitary, supra-
axillary, the tube stipitate, the mouth scarcely dilated ; recept. very long and
slender.—H&. 2. Cent. Ferns, t. 79.

Hab. New Zealand; discovered by the Rev. W. Colenso,

68. T. trichoideum, Sw. 3 rhizome creeping, slender; st. 1-2in.1., very slender,
naked ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate, tripinnatifid, main
rachis only very slightly winged at the apex ; pinne flaccid, 1-2 in. 1., the rachis
only winged above ; pinnl. deeply cut with distant linear-filiform segm. 1-2 lin.
L, 4-4. lin. br. ; texture membranaceous, a central costa only in each segment ;
sor 1 to 4 to a pinna, the tube exserted, sometimes stalked, the mouth spreading,
not two-lipped.—H&. Sp.1. p. 141. Hh. & Gr. Ic, Fil. t. 199,

Hab. West Indian Islands and Mexico southward to Ecuador and Brazil.—A pparently
this is the 7. capillacewm of Linneus.

++t. Fronds decompound, main rachis rigid, ultimate segments subcoriaceous,
except in No. 69. Sp. 69-78.

69. T. scandens, Linn. Herb, ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping ; st. strong, erect,

56 17, TRICLOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

naked, 2-4 in. 1.3; /r. 6-18 in. L, 8-6 in. br., fully pinnate; or the rachis very
slightly winged above, ovate-acuminate in general outline, the rachis hairy ; lower
pinne ovate-lanceolate, nearly pinnate, 2-4 in. 1.3 pinnl, divided down to a
narrow wing and segm. again pinnatifid about halfway down, margins finely
-hairy ; substance finely membranaceous, several fine veins in each ultimate
segment ; soré 1 to 4 to a pinnule, tube quite sunk, mouth slightly spreading
with two lateral projections. — Hd, Sp. 1. p. 140, T. macroclados, Kunze.
T. Lindeni, Presi,

Hab. Mexico, Cuba, and Jamaica,

70, T. rigidum, Swartz; st. tufted, erect, wiry, 2-8 in. 1., naked or very
slig'itly winged above; /r. 2-8 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., deltoid or ovate-acuminate, tri-
or quadri-pinnatifid, the main rachis usually only slightly winged towards the
top; lower pinne 2-3 in. L., erecto-patent, ovate or lanceolate-rhomboidal, cut
down to a rachis which is very narrowly winged throughout or free below ;
pinnl. deeply pinnatifid, with deeply toothed or even pinnatifid linear lobes ;
texture subcoriaceous, colour dark-green, nearly black when dry, nearly naked,
often slightly crisped ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, axillary, the tube more
or less exserted, the’ mouth slightly dilated.— HA. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 138. Beddome,
Fil. Ind. t. 8. Sturm, Brasil. t.18. 7.12. T. Harveyi and Seemanni, Carruth.
—6, T. elongatum, Cunning. ; fr. deltoid, segments broader, pinne and pinnules
often imbricated ; invol. slightly two-lipped.— HA. Sp. 1. p. 184, Le. Pl. t. 701,

Hab. Tropical America, Cuba, and Mexico southward to Peru, and Rio Janeiro ; Poly-
nesian Islands, New Zealand, Japan, Malayan Peninsula, 8. China, 8. Hindostan, Ceylon,
Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony, Angola, Fernando Po.—Here belong numerous
species of Van den Bosch, including Mandioccamum, obscurum, Dreget, Bowrini, achillec-
folium, tamarisciforme, pumilum, dentatum, and longicollum.

71. T. apiifolium, Presl; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, strong, erect, more or less
fibrillose, and the tuft densely so at the crown ; 7”. 9-18 in. ]., 4-8 in. br., ovate,
quadri-pinnatifid, the main rachis only slightly winged towards the apex ; lower
pinne 4-6 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., lanceolate-acuminate ; pinnl. with numerous segm.,
which are again cut down into slightly flattened ultimate divisions, about
1 lin. 1. ; texture subrigid, surface naked, a single costa only in each segment ;
sort 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, the involucre short, turbinate.—H&. Sp. 1.
p. 187. T. meifolium, edit. 1. T. Bauerianum, Endl, T. exaltatum, Brack.—
—Bp, T. ge eg Hk. ; sord larger ; imvol. } in. deep, 1 lin. br., cupshaped, two-
lipped.— HA. Sp. 1. p. 188. Le. Pl. t. 708.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Java, Polynesian Islands, and Norfolk Island.—This resembles
T. maximum in general outline, but the habit is more graceful, the texture more delicate,
and the involucres are much smaller and shorter, verging upon those of Hymenophyllum.

72. 'T. maximum, Blume; rhizome stout, creeping ; st. strong, erect, 3-6 in. I. ;
jr. 12-18 in. l., 6-9 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; pimne erecto-patent, ovate-
lancevlate, the largest 4-6 in. 1, 2 in. br.3 pénnd. lanceolate-deltoid, 1 in. or
more lL, cut down to the rachis into segm., which are again deeply pinnatifid ;
ultimate segm. 14-2 lin. 1, slightly flattened, texture subrigid, surface naked,
dark-green ; a central costa only in each segment; sor? 2 to 8 to a pinnule ;
invol. cylindrical, the mouth dilated, but not two-lipped.—_H&. Sp. 1. p, 187. T.
anceps, B, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 185, t. 40. C. 3. T. intermedium, V,D. B.

Hab. Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands.—A larger plant than 7. rigidum, with
more divided pinne and narrower segments. . .

73. T. Pricurii, Kunze; st. stout, tufted (sometimes 2 lin. thick below),
4-8 in, 1., naked or slightly tomentose, sometimes the upper part winged ; jr.

17. TRicHoMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 87

12-18 in. 1, 6-12 in. br., broadly ovate, tri- or quadri-pinnatifid ; main rachis
very narrowly winged throughout or above only; lower pinne 4-6 in. L.,
ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to a narowly-winged rachis; pinnl. again deeply
pinnatifid, with rather distant, long, linear, sharply-toothed or pinnatifid segm. ;
texture subcoriaceous (three layers of cells), colour dark-green, nearly black
when dry, surface a little hairy ; veins close, often more than one in the ultimate
segments ; sord 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, axillary, often recurved, tube free,
much dilated, not two-lipped.—T. anceps, u, Hk. Syn. 1. p. 135, ¢. 40. C. (non
Wallich). T. Leprieurii, Wh. Gard. Ferns, t.11. Davalliopsis, V. D, B.

Hab. West Indian Islands southward to Peru and Brazil.—T. weddellii, elegans, and
opacum, V. D. B., apparently must be referred here. The oldest specific name is
T, elegans (Richard).

74. T. giganteum, Bory; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose; st, 4-6 in. L,
strong, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, quadri-pinnatifid ; main rachis
hardly at all winged above ; lower pinne ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. ]., cut down to
the rachis; pinni. 1 in. 1., cut down very nearly to the rachis, the divisions
again deeply pinnatifid; ultimate segm. linear, distineily flattened, 1 lin. L.,
lin. br., surface dark-green, naked, shining, texture between rigid and mem-
branaceous ; a central vein only in each segment; soré 2 to 20 to a pinnule,
axillary ; ¢ube more or less exserted, mouth rather dilated, not two-lipped.— Ak.
Sp. 1. p. 187. Ic. Pl. t. 702. T. elatum, V.D. B.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Joanna Island, Malayan Archipelago and Fiji group.—A
handsome plant, distinctly quadri-pinnatifid, the most ample and divided species of the
genus, nearest 7’. meifoliwm, but neither so rigid or coriaceous, and with shorter ultimate
segments,

-75. 'T. Sprucei, Baker; st. nearly tufted, 1-3 in. L., wiry, erect, naked, slightly
winged above; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., erect, ovate-deltoid, acuminate,
tripinnatifid ; main rachis very narrowly winged throughout; pinne erecto-
patent, cut down to a very narrowly-winged rachis ; lower pinnl. deeply pin-
natifid, with forked or even pinnatifid lower segm.; ultimate segm. flat, linear,
13-2 lin. 1, texture sub-membranaceous, surface naked, dark olive-green when
dry, a single vein only in each segment, cellules large; sord 2 to 12 to a pinna,
tube small, nearly free, mouth slightly spreading.

Hab. North of Brazil and New Granada.—A more deeply-divided plant than
T. gemmatum, with a subdeltoid outline, more numerous sori, less rigid habit, and dis-
tinctly flattened segments,

76. T. gemmaium, J.Smith ; rhizome strong, wiry, tomentose, beset with numerous
long black wiry fibres ; st. 1-3 in. L, naked, wiry, winged above ; fr. 2-6 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br., erect, subrigid, ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly
winged ; pinne erecto-patent, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; lower
pinnl. deeply forked with subrigid, linear-filiform segm. 13-2 lin. 1, cellules
large ; sort 1 to 8 to a pinna, minute, axillary, the tube turbinate, stalked, the
mouth nearly truncate.—T. cellulosum, Sturm, Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 63. T.
filiforme, Sturm. 'T. longisetum, Brack. T. Ase-Grayi, V.D.B. 1, feenicu-
laceum, A&. Sp. 1.p. 135. (in part.).

Hab. Venezuela, north of Brazil, Polynesian Islands, Java, Philippines, and Malayan
Peninsula.

77. T. ericoides, Hedw. ; rhizome strong, wiry, tomentose ; st. 1-4 in. 1., erect,
wiry, tomentose, not at all winged; jr. 3-8 in. L, 2-23 in. br., erect, subrigid,
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ; main rachis quite free; pinne spreading or
erecto-patent, 13-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis ; pinn/. cut down into numerous
filiform capillary segm. 13-2 lin. 1, colour dark-brown or blackish ; a central
costa only in the segments, not visible except under a high magnifying power ;

88 18. DAVALLIA, § HUMATA.

sori 1 to 6, minute, axillary, the tube stalked, the mouth truncate. T. longise-
tum, Bory, V.D.B. Hym, Jan. t. 21.

Hab. Borneo, Java, Samoa, Bourbon.—A very singular plant, with the segments
spreading in all directions, and not at all flattened.

78. 'T. feeniculaceum, Bory ; st. nearly tufted, erect, wiry, 2-4 in. ]., naked or
tomentose; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 13-3 in. br., erect, rigid, ovate-lanceolate ; main rachis
naked or slightly winged above ; lower pinmne spreading or erecto-patent, 1-14
in. l., cut down quite or very nearly to the rachis ; pimnd. regularly pinnatifid,
with simple or forked linear-filiform segm. 1-14 lin. 1, colour dark-green or
brownish-black when dry, texture subcoriaceous; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, minute,
axillary, the mouth rather spreading, but not two-lipped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 185.
(in part). T. parviflorum (Poir.) oldest name.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Borneo, and Rockingham Bay, Australia (7. setilobum,
F. Mueller, MSS.).—Intermediate between rigidwm and longisetwm, the segments rather
flattened,

@ Tribe 4, DavaLLiEa.

Sori marginal or sit/marginal, roundish, covered by a reniform or suborbicular
squamiform involucre, which, is open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, and
open or free at the sides. Gun. 18-19. ; ;

Grn. 18. Davauiia, Smith. (See page 467.)

Sort intra- or sub-marginal, globose or elongated either laterally or vertically.
Invol. terminal on the veins, various in shape, united or free at the sides, the apex
always free. Caps stalked. A large genus, which has its head-quarters in the
Tropics of the Old World. Fronds various in size and division, hérbaceous or
coriaceous ; veins always free; rhizome usually wide-creeping and scaly. There
are four principal types in the shape of the involucre (see plate), of which
Microlepia connects Kudavallia with Dicksonia and Odontoloma with Lindsaya.
Tas. II. f. 18.

§ Humata, Cav. Invol. ample, coriaceous, suborbicular or reniform, attached by a
broad base, the apex and sides free.—Sp. 1-11. Fronds in ail coriaceous, usually
deltoid, 3 to 6 inches long, more or less distinctly dimorphous, the barren ones hardly
more than once pinnatifid. All plants of the Malayan islands, one reaching the
Himalayas and the Mauritius. Sp.12 is an anomalous simply pinnate S. American
plant, which seems best placed here,

* Barren fronds entire. Sp. 1-2.

1. D. (Hum.) heterophylla, Smith ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; fr. shortly
‘stalked, 3-6 in. 1. 1 in. br., glabrous ; teature coriaceous, the sterile one ovate-
lanceolate, entire or slightly lobed at the base, the fertile one narrower, deeply

sinuato-pinnatifid ; sort 2 to 10 to a lobe—Hz&. Sp. 1. p.152. Fil. Ex. t. 27.
lk. & Gr. Lc. Fil. t. 230.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Polynesiaan Islands,

2. D. (Hum.) angustata, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; /r. subsessile
or shortly stalked, 3-8 in, 1., 3-2 in. br., linear, slightly and irregularly crenate
at the margin, sometimes once forked ; teature coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
sori in a row along the edges, Hk. Sp. 1. p.152. Hk & Gr. Ic. Fil. t, 231.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Islands,

18. DAVALLIA, § HUMATA. 89

** Barren fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 8-11.

8. D. (Hum.) parailela, Wallich ; rhizome ie a scaly; st. 2-4 in. L., erect,
more or less scaly ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1}-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into long parallel linear-oblong entire bluntish or acute
lobes, the lowest pair sometimes auricled ; ¢extwre coriaceous ; sori oblique, in
two rows in the lobes, occupying the greater part of the space between the costa
and margin.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 153. ¢. 42. A. D. Gaimardiana (Gaud.), oldest name.

Hab, Malayan Peninsula and Polynesian Islands.—Habit and size of Polypodiwm
vulgare. Rachis sometimes densely scaly.

4. D. (Hum.) pectinata, Smith ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; s#. 2-4 in. 1., erect,
more or less scaly ; fr. 4-8in. 1, 2-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, cut down nearly or
quite to the main rachis into long parallel linear-oblong, entire or inciso-
pinnatifid pinnw, the lowest pair deeply pinnatifid on the lower side, with lobes
sometimes 3 in. ].; texture coriaceous ; sori obliquely placed in two submarginal
rows.—Hk, Sp. 1. p.158. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 189.

Hab. Tropical Polynesian Islands.—Quite similar to the eding in size and
texture.

5. D. (Hum.) sessitifolia, Blume ; rhizome very long, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with rigid filiform scales; 7. subsessile, 2-4 in. 1. 1-14 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into parallel linear-oblong, entire or
sinuated lobes, the lower side of the lower one sometimes deeply pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori in two rows in the lobes, occupying the greater
part of the space between the costa and margin.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 154.—8, H.
polypodioides, Brack. ¢. 32; fr. stalked (st. 1-2 in. l.), rather larger and more
acute.

Hab. Java, Celebes, and Fiji Islands.—Examples gathered by Milne in Fiji quite
connect the plant figured by Brackenridge with Blume’s specimens,

6. D. (Hum.) pedata, Smith; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly; st. 2-4 in. 1.
rather scaly ; /7. 2-4 in. 1.,-14-2 in. br. at the base, deltoid in general outline, cut
down nearly to the rachis; upper segm. linear-oblong, acute, erecto-patent,
inciso-dentate, the lower pair broader, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, especially on the
lower side ; texture coriaceous ; sori placed in rows on the teeth on both sides of
the lobes. —Hi&. Sp. 1. p. 54. t. 45. A.D. repens (Z.) oldest name.

Hab. Japan, and from 2,000 ft. in Khasia southward to Ceylon, Hongkong, Malayan
Peninsula, Java, Borneo, Queensland, Mascaren Isles.

7. D. (Hum.) alpina, Blume ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 2-4in. 1.5 fr. 2-8
in. 1, 1-1} in. br., deltoid in general outline, upper segments of barren frond slightly
dentate, blunt at the apex of the fertile frond, distant, deeply and sharply
toothed, the lower ones cut nearly to the rachis with sharply-toothed lobes ;
texture coriaceous, lower part of rachis winged narrowly; sori placed in the teeth
on both sides.—Hé&. Sp. 1.p. 154. D. Belangeri, Bory. H. serrata, Brack.

Hab. Mergui and Ledong, Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands.—Very near
D, pedata, but smaller and rather more deeply cut.

8. D. (Hum.) pusilla, Metten. ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 1 in. or less 1. ; Sr.
1-11 in. 1., $-2 in. br., cordato-deltoid in outline, cut down to a narrowly-winged
rachis; upper segm. linear-oblong, cuneate at the base, deeply inciso-dentate,
lower pair broader, deeply inciso-pinnatifid on the lower side, teeth very acute ;

M

90 18. DAVALLIA, §§ LEUCOSTEGIA.

texture coriaceous ; veins prominent; sori small, placed at the base of the smail
teeth.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. No. 73.

Hab. Aneiteum and New Caledonia.—Near D. alpina, but the teeth of the fertile
fronds much sharper.

9. D. (Hum.) vestita, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely scaly ; st. 3-4 in.
1, rather scaly below; /r. 4-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., deltoid in outline; all, except
the upper pinnw, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; barren frond with the
segm. of all, except the lower pinne, blunt, scarcely toothed ;, lobes of the
fertile pinne narrower, sharper toothed ; of the lower ‘ones deeply so ; teature
coriaceous ; soré placed on the teeth of the segments.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 156. 4. 41. C.
D. bipinnatifida, Blume, Hh. |. c.

Hab, Java and Ceylon. Probably a mere variety of pedata.

10. D. (Hum.) Cumingii, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 3-4 in. 1., hoth it
and the rachis rather scaly ; sterdle fr. about 1 in. each way, deltoid-cordate, cut
down nearly to the rachis; upper pinn@ blunt, slightly toothed, the dower pair
deeply pinnatifid bekgge ; texture coriaceous ; | fertile fr. 4-5 in. 1., 3 in. br., the
same shape, but mughigmore divided ; lowest pinnl. deeply pinnatifid with sharply
toothed lobes; sor'placed in the teeth of the segments.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 155.
t. 45.B. D. longula, Kunze.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

11, .D. (Hum.) botrychioides, Brack. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly; st. 3-5 in,
1, scaly below; fv. 6-8 in. 1, 3-5 in. br., deltoid in general outline, decidedly
dimorphous, the barren ones with a narrowly-winged rachis ; lowest pinne cut
down nearly to the rachis, with deep’ bluntly-toothed segments ; fortile pinne
much more finely divided ; pinnl. of the lower pinnee cut down to a narrow
See with narrow sharply-toothed segments almast covered with sori—Brack.
t. 82. fig. 1.

Hab, Aneiteum and Fiji Islands.

12. D. (Hum.) Imrayana, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous ; st. 4-8 in.
1, erect, brown or black, naked, polished ; fr. 6-12 in: 1., 4-Gin. br., ovate, once
pinnate ; pinnee 7 to 15, the largest about 8 in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate, with broad
blunt teeth, somewhat unequal-sided and obliquely truncate at the base below ;
texture herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; sor¢ placed in the teeth at a short
distance from the margin; invol. rounded, broader than deep, attached by the
base only. —H&, Sp. 1. p. 171. @. 49, A.

Hab. Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Guiana,

§§ Leucostegia. Invol. attached as in Humata, but smaller, narrower, and
thinner. Sp. 13-24. Pinnules uniform on the lower and upper side. Fronds
various in size and texture, with one exception tri- or quadripinnatifid or pinnate,
mostly inhabiting Polynesia and tropical Asia, several extending to the Himalayas,
some to New Zealand, but none either to Africa or America, Acrophorus of Moore
includes this and Odontoloma.

13, D. (Lewcos.) hymenophylla, Baker ; rhizome creeping, scarcely scaly 5 st.
slender, 8-4 in. in l.; fr. flaccid, 6-9 in. L, 4-6 in. br., deltoid, cut down to the
rachis below, but not above ; lower pinne distant, the lowest pair broadest and
most deeply cut on the lower side ; lowest pinnl. reaching down nearly to the
rachis, toothed more than halfway down, with oblong blunt crenate lobes ;
texture membranous ; sort few, marginal in the crenations. Acrophorus hymeno-
phyllus, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 96. D. Parishii, edz. 1.

Hab, Limestone rocks, Moulmein, Rev. C. 8. Parish,—A very distinct species,

Cad

18. DAvALLIA, §§ LEUCOSTEGIA. 91

- 14. D. (Leucos.) membranulosa, Wallich ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with lanceolate pale-brown scales; st. 2-3 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. |., 2-3 in br.,
lanceolate, once fully pinnate, but the main rachis slightly winged above ; lower
pinne lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 4-in. br., cut. down to a narrowly-winged rachis into
numerous sharply-toothed oblong segments ; texture thinly herbaceous; sori
2 to 8 to a segment, obliquely placed between the costa and margin.—Hz&, Sp. 1.
p. 159. t. 58. A.

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul, Kumaon, and Bootan.

15. D. (Leucos.) immersa, Wallich ; rhizome hypogeous, wide-creeping, stout,
fibrillose ; s¢. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect ; /r. 12-18 in. ]., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tripin-
nate; lowest pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in. 1, 1 in. br., with broad segm.,
which are obliquely truncate at the base below, and roundly lobed, with the
lobes again crenate above; texture herbaceous ; sor? large (1 lin. br.), 1 to 6
° a segment, oblique.— Hk Sp. 1. p. 156. Fil. Ex. t.79. Cyst. dimidiata,

ec.

Hab. Hindostan, ascending on the Himalayas to 6-8,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula and
Java,—By its subdimidiate segments this connects Z tegia with Odontol 3 itis
also peculiar in having the rhizome developed beneath the surface of the soil.

16. D. (Leucos.) multidentata, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome Stout, wide-creeping, scaly ;
st. 4-G in. 1., stout, clothed below with large ovate-lanceolate pale-brown scales ;
Jr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnate ; pinni. of the lower pinne 2-3 in.
1, 1 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate, cut down to a narrow rachis with
deeply inciso-pinnatifid ovate-oblong lower segm.; texture herbaceous; sori
2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the base of its teeth on the upper side of
ie central vein.—Aspidium multidentatum, Wall. Cat. 346. Acro. Thomsoni,

oore.

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul, Sikkim (5-7,000 ft.), Assam, &c.

17. D. Clarkei, Baker ; rhizome stout; scales dense, large, lanceolate, ferru-
ginous; st. 1-} ft., stramineous, slender, slightly scaly near base; /r. deltoid, 4-2 ft.
I, 3-4-pinnatifid ; pinne subdistant, stalked, lowest largest, lanceolate or deltoid,
1-2 in. br.; pinnl. deltoid; ult. divisions few, spaced, ligulate, acute, ascending,
one-veined, 4-14 lin. l. ; tezture membranous ; surfaces bright green, naked ; sorz
minute, round, placed at base of ultimate lobes ; zzv. pale, membranous, broader
than deep. Acrophorus Hookeri, Jfoore. D. pulchra, edit. 1. ex-parte.

East Himalayas, 8-19,000 ft. Hk. fil. & Thomson, Clarke.

18. D. (Leucos.) falcinella, Presl; rhizome creeping, thickly clothed with
purplish-black rigid hairs ; s¢. 2-3 in. L., erect ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., deltoid,
tri- or quadripinnatifid; main rachis slightly winged ; lowest pinne unequal-
sided, deltoid; pinnl. oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis with segments
which are again deeply toothed, ultimate divisions of the fertile frond falcate
mucronate, of the barren frond rather broader and not so sharp ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, placed at the base of the teeth.—Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 159.

Hab. Philippine Islands.—This would perhaps be better placed amongst the deltoid
Eudavallie, with which it agrees in habit. e

19. D. (Leucos.) Nove-Zelandie, Colenso; rhizome creeping, clothed with
filiform scales; sf. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., deltoid,
tripinnate; lower pinni. deltoid-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis, except
towards the apex, into narrow deeply pinnatifid acute segments ; texture sub-
coriaceous; sori numerous, placed on the teeth of the segments. Hé&. Sp. 1.
p. 158. t. 51. B. Gard. Ferns, t. 51. Acrophorus hispidus, Moore.

92 18. DAVALLIA, §3§ ODONTOLOMA.

Hab. New Zealand.—Allied to D. pulchra, but much larger in size, with broader
more divided segments.

20. D. (Leucos.) cherophylla, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with
broad obtuse adpressed scales ; st. 4-6 in. l, naked; fr. 9-15 in. L, 4-8 in. br.,
lanceolate-deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut
down to a narrowly-winged rachis into deeply pinnatifid segm., ultimate lobes
narrow and acute in the fertile, rather broader in the barren frond ; feature
thinly herbaceous, rather flaccid ; sor copious, placed at the base of the teeth of
the segments, which they about equal in breadth.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 157. t. 61. A.
Cystopteris squamata, Dec., Hk. Sp. Fil.1. p.201. D. pulchra, D. Don, oldest
name,

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 9-10,000 ft., Cashmere, Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.

21. D. (Leucos.) parvula, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 1-2 inl,
or fr. subsessile, 3-2 in. 1. by 4 in. br., deltoid in outline, bi- or tripinnate, with
all the divisions of the frond almost filiform and the ultimate segm. sharp at the
point ; texture coriaceous; sori placed at the sinuses of the ultimate forks ; énvol.
broader than the segments.—H&. Sp. 1. p.160. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 138.

Hab. Singapore and Borneo.—Placed by Mettenius in Humata, with which it quite
agrees in habit.

22, D. (Leucos.) afinis, Hk.; rhizome thick, densely clothed with sharp-
pointed ferruginous scales; st. 4-9 in. 1., erect, strong ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in.
br., deltoid-lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pénnl. with oblong rhom-
boidal lobes, the segm. of which are deeply and finely inciso-pinnatifid with
sharp teeth ; texture herbaceous ; sord 2 to 6 to a segment, small, placed at the
base of the teeth—H&. Sp. 1. p. 158, ¢. 52. B. D. hymenophyllides, Blume,
oldest name.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, East Himalayas, and Polynesia.—Lowest pinnules
often 2in. 1, lin. br. Probably a variety of pulchra,

23. D. (Leucos.) nodosa, Hk. ; fr. tufted ; st. 12-24 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly
below ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., broadly ovate, quadripinnate ; lower pinnw 12-18 in. L., 6-9
in. br.; lower pinnl. lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., the segm. cut down to the
rachis with distant, small, rather bluntly-toothed oblong-deltoid lobes; texture
herbaceous ; soré small, 1 to 4 to a lobe, placed between the costa and margin.
—Hk. Sp. 1. p.157. Kew Gard, Mise, 9.t.10. Acrophorus, Presi.

Hab. North Hindostan, ascending in Sikkim to 7-10,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula,
Java.—Fronds like those of an Alsophila, but habit not arborescent. It is the original
Acrophorus of Presl,

24. D. (Leucos.) ferulacea, Moore ; st. 6-9 in.1., erect, strong ; 7. 9-18 in. L.,
6-9 in. br., supra-decompound ; pinnl. of the lower pinne 2-3 in. 1,1 in. br.,
deltoid, their segments cut down to the rachis, and the lobes again cut down into
linear-filiform ultimate divisions about } lin. 1.; teeture thinly herbaceous ; soré
placed at the dilated apices of the ultimate divisions ; énvol. oblong. D. tricho-
manoides, Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 64, non Blume, ;

Hab, Fiji Islands ; gathered by Mr. Milne.

§§§ Odontoloma. Invol. as in Leucostegia, but with a tendency to become confluent.
and the pinnules pelluctdo-herbaceous in texture and dimidiate (eebiniieg a quarter
of a circle) in shape. Sp. 25-30. A small natural group very near the dimidiate
Lindsaye. All but one are inhabitants of S. E, Asia and Polynesia, one being
S. American, and one Mauritian. ;

18. DaVALLIA, §§§ oDONTOLOIA. 93

* Fronds not branched. Sp. 25-27.

25. D. (Odont.) hymenophylloides, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scan-
dent, paleaceous ; fr. subsessile, simply pinnate, 4-6 in. |., about 2 in. br.; pinne
13-2 lin. deep, cut down into narrow simple or forked linear segments to a nearly
straight rachis ; tezture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; soré subrotund.
—Lindsea, Blume, Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 218.

_Hab. Java and New Caledonia.—Is probably a variety of 27 with deeply laciniated
pinne.

26. D. (Odont.) pulchella, Hk.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, and much
branched ; st. slender, wiry, erect, naked, 2-3 in. 1.5 fr. 4-12 in. 1., $-? in. br. ;
pinne slightly stalked, about 2 in. across, } in. deep, the lower margin more
or less curved upwards, oblique at the base, the upper cut into 2 to 4 blunt
lobes ; texture herbaceous, rachis and both surfaces naked; sor? small, placed
in the lobes at a short distance from the edge; reins sometimes anastomosing
at the apex, and then their sori become confluent.—Hék. Sp. 1. p. 177. t. 548.
Synaphlebium Pickeringii, Brack. p. 223. t. 30. fig. 2.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Fiji, and Samoa.—-First published by Blume as Aspidium

27. D. (Odont.) repens, Desv.; rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous, climbing ;
fr. simply pinnate, 8-18 in. 1., $-13 in. br.; pinne 3-4 in. |., about half as broad
as deep, the lower line slightly curved, oblique at the base, the upper rounded,
nearly entire or crenately lobed ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori marginal,
large, about as broad as deep, often confluent in the not crenated form.—D.
Boryana, Presl, Hk. Sp.1.p.175. D. hemiptera, Bory, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 176.

Hab. Assam, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Polynesian Islands, and Mauritius.
—Very variable in size. Quite doubtful bet Odontoluma and Lindsaya, and perhaps
not distinct from L. oblongifolia.

=% Fronds more or less branched. Sp. 28-30.

28. D. (Odont.) Parkeri, Hk. ; rhizome slender, creeping ; st. flexuose, wiry,
naked, 2-6 in. 1.; fr. simple or branched, with one or two pairs of lateral pinne;
the main fr. 4-6 in. 1., about Zin. br.; pinnd. a quarter of a circle, about 2 in.
br., } in. deep, the outer edge slightly crenate ; tezture herbaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori small, submarginal; invol. rather broader than deep.—H&. Sp. 1. p.
176. t. 53.

Hab. British Guiana.—Like 0. pulchella, but the rachis branched.

29. D. (Odont.) triquetra, Baker ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose; st. strong, erect,
46 in. 1.; fr. with 2 to 7 pairs of pinnz and a terminal one; lateral pinne spread-
* ing, with subrigid rachises, 3-4 in. 1., 13 in. br.; pinni. cut down on the upper
side into narrow simple or forked linear segments to a nearly straight flattened
leafy rachis; ¢ezture pellucido-herbaceous, both surfaces naked; sori small,
ome on the segments ; zxvol. suborbicular.—Lindsaya tenuifolia, Blume,

num. 29.

Hab. Java, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

30. D. (Odont.) Blumeana, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1.5
fr. 8-12 in. L, 6-8 in. br., bipinnate ; pinne rigid, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., } in.

94 18, pavauura, §§§§ EUDAVALLIA.

br. ; pinnl. thinly herbaceous, cut down on the upper side into very slender filiform
simple or forked segments to a recurved filiform rachis; sore small, nearly
terminal on the dilated apices of the segments ; énvol. suborbicular.—H&, Sp. 1.
p. 177. t. 54,

Hab. Philippine Islands.—A very distinct and beautiful species, easily recognizable
by its slender filiform segments.

§8§§ Eudavallia. Invol. coriaceous, semicylindrical or half-cupshaped, attached
at the sides as well as the base. Sp. 31-48. ,

+ Prosaptia, Presl. Habit of Lomaria Spicant. Invol. quite homogeneous with
the texture of the frond. Sp. 31-32.

31. D. (Prosap.) Hmersoni, Hk. & Gr.; fr. tufted, sessile, 6-12 in. 1., nearly
lin. br. at the widest part, linear-lanceolate, cut more than halfway down to the
rachis into numerous linear-oblong, or at the lower part triangular, lobes ; tecture
coriaceous ; sori 1 to 6, placed round the edge of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 161.
kh. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 105. D. alata, Blume.

Hab. Madras, Ceylon, Penang, Java, Borneo, and Philippine Islands.

32. D. (Prosap.) contigua, Swartz; fr. tufted, sessile or nearly so, 12-18 in. L.,
1-14 in. br., linear-lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous
linear-acuminate or bluntish slightly-toothed lobes; texture coriaceous ; sorz 2 to
8 to a lobe, placed in the teeth on their upper part.—Hé. Sp.1.p.161. Hk. &
Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 141. D. Preslii, H&. Sp. 1. p. 161.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, and Polynesian Islands.

+t Seyphularia, Fée. Fronds once pinnate. Segments few, Uinear, 4-6 in. lL,
3-2 in. br., nearly entire. Sp. 33-34,

83. D. (Seyph.) triphylla, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st.
erect, strong, 2-4 in. 1; fr. ternate, the central segment the largest, 4-6 in. L,
4-3 in. br., Thenr, scarcely toothed, cuneate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; sorz

laced in close rows along the margin, edge to edge; énvol. semicylindrical.—

he, Sp. 1. p. 162. t. 46. A.

Hab. Singapore ; discovered by Mr. Cuming.—Veins more prominent than in the next,
of which it may be a reduced form.

34, D. (Scyph.) pentaphylia, Blume ; rhizome creeping, stout, densely fibrillose ;
st. erect, strong, 2-4 in. 1.; fr. with a terminal segment and 2 to 3 pairs of lateral
pinnee ;.terminal segment of fertile frond linear, 4-6 in. 1., 4 in. br., of the barren
frond broader and shorter; lateral pinn@ similar, sessile or slightly stalked,
lowest pair sometimes with one or a pair of similar smaller pinnl. at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; sort in rows along the slightly-toothed margin ; énvol, semi-
cylindrical.— Hz. Sp. 1. p. 168. D. pycnocarpa, Brack. t. 35.

Hab. Java and Polynesian Islands.

ttt Fronds ample, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, coriaceous in texture. Sp.
35-48. A well-marked group, all of the species of which closely 7 ble one another.
# has pus i ale in Polynesia and S. E, Asia, and is entirely absent from the
ew World.

55. D. Lobbiana, Moore; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, bi- or
tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ; lower pinne 4-6 in. 1, 2 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, cut down to the rachis in the lower part into
linear- or deltoid-oblong blunt segm., only the lowest of which are toothed deeply;

18. DAVALLIA, §§§$ EUDAVALLLA. 95

sori copious, placed obliquely in two long rows in the pinnules near the edge;
énvol. broader than deep.— Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 206.

Hab. Borneo ; discovered by Mr. Thos. Lobb,—A very distinct species, with the invo-
lucre resembling in shape that of Humata, but not free at the sides.

36. D. trichomanoides, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, + in. thick ; scales linear,
ale brown ; st. 8-4 in., grey, naked ; fr. deltoid, 4-pinnatifid, 6-9 in. 1.; pinne
istinctly stalked, lanceolate, lowest largest, deltoid, 14-2 in. br., all cuneate-

truncate on lowest side at base ; pinnl. close, lanceolate ; ult. segm. ligulate at
base, and forming a narrow wing above on each side of the sorus; rachises of
pinne winged to the base ; tezture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked; soré rather
deeper than broad, with mostly a horn beyond on both sides.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 186.
D. stenomera, Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 6. p. 216.

Hab. Malay Isles.

37. D. Moorei, Hk.; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. erect, strong, 4-8 in. 1.;
7r. £6 in. ]., 3-4 in. br., bi- or tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ;
lowest pinnl. cut down nearly to the rachis below, the lobes oblong, bluntly
toothed 3 texture coriaceous ; sori 4 to 6 to a lébe, placed in the teeth at a little
distance from the edge ; invol. half-cupshaped.— Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 58.

Hab. New Caledonia, discovered by Mr. C. Moore.

_ 88. D. decurrens, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st. 4-6
in. 1., stout, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ; main rachis
hardly at all winged at the apex ; pinnl. of the lower pinnz lanceolate-acuminate,
3-4 in. 1., about 1 in. br., cut down throughout within a short distance of the
rachis, with broadly-toothed linear-oblong segm. ; teature subcoriaceous ; veins
uniform ; sor? falling short of the margin ; invol. half-cupshaped.—Hk#. Sp. Fil.
1. p. 167. ¢. 44. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands.—Resembles D. divaricata in the shape and position of the
sori, but the frond less divided.

39. D. solida, Swartz ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with adpressed scales or
fibres ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
apex with a moderately broad undivided centre ; segm. ovate-rhomboidal, deeply
toothed, narrower and sharper in fertile frond; veins uniform ; texture coriaceous;
sort nearly or quite marginal ; invol. semicylindrical.—Hb&. Sp. 1. p. 164. t. 42.
Fil. Exot. t. 57.—B, D. caudata, Cav.; pinnules more divided with narrower
segments. Hk. Sp. 1.p.164. D. Lindleyi, H&. Sp. 1. p. 163. t. 48. B.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Polynesian Islands.—The reported station in
New Zealand appears to be a mistake. D. ornata, Wall., is a large handsome form,
with broad slightly-cut segments.

40. D. elegans, Swartz; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with woolly
fibres ; st. firm, erect, 4-8 in. 1.; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
main rachis slightly winged towards the apex ; pinni. of the lower pinne 2-3 in.
1., 1 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, cut down quite to the rachis in the lower part,
with oblong-deltoid segm., which are slightly toothed and obliquely truncate at the
base on the lower side ; ¢eztwre coriaceous ; venation close, prominent, irregular ;
sori several to a segment, marginal, but the sharp teeth projecting beyond them
at the edges; znvol. half-cupshaped.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 164.—8, D. elata, Swartz ;
jr. larger and less coriaceous ; segm. narrower, more deeply and sharply cut.—
HE, Sp. 1. p. 166. ¢. 55. A. D. Vogelii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 168. ¢. 59. B.

Hab. Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, China, Java, Borneo, Polynesian Islands, Tropical

96 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§ EUDAVALLIA.

Australia, Madagascar, Angola, Fernando Po, Johanna Island.—Very near D. solida,
Both vary much in division, but they are universally regarded as distinct. . The best
character for this seems to be the presence of numerous intermediate spurious venules
between the veins proper, a3 in various species of Zrichomanes. D. coniifolia is quite
intermediate between D. elata and the type. D. patens, Swz. (Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 167), must
probably also be referred here, and D. flaccida, J. Smith, is a tender, finely-cut form.
The oldest name for the species is Adiantum denticulatum, Burm.

Al. D. epiphylla, Blume, not Forster ; rhizome thick, fibrillose; st. 4-6 in. L,
erect, firm; /r. 12-15 in. ]., 6-9 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, tripinnatifid; main
rachis hardly at all winged; pinnl. of the lowest pinnee lanceolate, 13 in. 1, $ in.
br. ; segm. narrow, mucronate, sharply toothed ; teature coriaceous ; veins not im-
mersed, one or two carried into each tooth ; sor? small, submarginal, half-cup-
shaped, with the sharp mucro of the tooth extending beyond them.—D. elegans,
8, pulchra, A. Sp. 1. p.165. t. 43. A. D.corniculata, Moore, Ind. Fil. 2. p. 292,

Hab. Java and Malayan Peninsula.—Still more coriaceous than D. elegans, with more
finely-divided segments, very small sori, and sharp teeth protruded considerably beyond
them, Forster’s epiphylla is our elata.

42. D. divaricata, Blume ; rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with linear ferru-
ginous scales ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne
often 12 in. L, by 6 in. br.; segm. deltoid, cut down to the rachis in the lower part,
with linear-oblong sharply-toothed lobes; teature coriaceous ; veins uniform,
not conspicuous ; soré half-cupshaped, placed obliquely as regards the central
veins in the teeth at some distance from the edge.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 167. D. poly-
antha, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 168. ¢. 59. A. :

Hab. Khasya and Mishmee, N. India, Malayan Peninsula, Honkong, and Java.—
Best distinguished from solida and elegans by the position of the gori. a

43. D. mauritiana, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely fibrillose ; st.
6-8 in. 1. stout, erect; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 12-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;
main rachis very slightly winged above; ultimate pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with deeply inciso-
pinnatifid lobes ; texture coriaceous ; sord copious, marginal, placed in the teeth
of the ultimate segments ; invol. semicylindrical.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 164. ¢. 55. B.

Hab. Mauritius.—Probably a mere variety of elegans.

44. D. Grifithiana, Hk.; rhizome stout, clothed densely with pale-brown or
whitish linear scales; st.. erect, wiry, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 9-12 in. L, 4-8 in. br.,
deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinni. of the lower pinnz lanceolate-deltoid,
2-3 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. ; lower segm. toothed on the barren frond, cut down
nearly to the rachis in the fertile one ; texture coriaceous ; sort very large (1 lin.
br.), cupshaped, submarginal or marginal, with the teeth projecting beyond
them.— Hh. Sp. 1. p. 168. ¢. 49. B.

Hab. Himalayas of Khasya, Assam, Bootan, &c., Malayan Peninsula and. China
(Amoy, Chusan, Formosa),—Distinguishable from all the other species of the group by
its large broadly-cupshaped sori.

45. D. pywidata, Cav.; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with pale-
brown linear scales; sf. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 9-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br.,
deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower pinne lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1,
1 in. br., with deltoid or oblong segm., the lowest of which are cut down nearly
to the rachis ; texture coriaceous ; sor? deeply half-cupshaped in the teeth, with a
broad space outside them, which projects like a horn beyond them.—zé. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 170. t. 55. C.

Hab. New South Wales.—Very near D. canariensis in habit and texture, but some-
what more finely cut and veined. ‘

* 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA 97

45. D. canariensis, Smith ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with pale-
brown linear scales; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br.,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnd. of the lower pinne lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in. 1.,
more than 1 in. br., with ovate-rhomboidal deeply inciso-pinnatifid segm. ;
texture coriaceous ; sori occupying a whole ultimate division or with a horn
beyond them ; énvol. half-cupshaped.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 169. ¢. 56. A.

Hab. Spain, Portugal, N. Africa, the Canaries, and Madeira.

47. D. bullata, Wallich ; rhizome creeping, stout, densely clothed with light-
brown or whitish fibrillose scales ; sf. strong, erect, 3-4 in. 1.; fr. 8-12 in. 1,
4-8 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pin. of the lower pinne lanceolate, 2-3
in. 1, lin. br., with deeply inciso-pinnatifid oblong-rhomboidal segm.; texture
coriaceous ; sort deeply half-cupshaped, occupying the greater part of the tooth in
which they are placed, marginal, with usually a horn on the outside.—H&. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 169. t. 50. B.

Hab. Hindostan, ascending in the north to 3-4,000 ft., Japan, Java, and Malayan
Peninsula.—Very near D. Canariensis and pyxidata, but smaller, and somewhat thinner
in texture, and the scales of the rhizome different.

48. D. nitidula, Kunze ; rhizome stout, creeping, fibrillose ; sf. 6-8 in. 1., firm,
but rather slender; 77. 12-24 in. 1, 9-15in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl.
of the lower pinne deltoid, cut down to the rachis into rather distant deltoid
segm., the lobes of which are again deeply pinnatifid ; texture between herbaceous
and coriaceous; sori half-cupshaped, two-horned, occupying the whole of the
end of the ultimate teeth— HA. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 165. ¢. 44. A,. D. cheerophylloides
(Poir.) oldest name.

Hab. Natal, Dr. Pappe ; and fine specimens have recently been gathered by Dr. Wel-
witsch in Angola at 1-2,000 ft. Frond rather flaccid, rachises slender and flexuose.

49. D. fijiensis, Hk.; rhizome creeping, stout, densely fibrillose ; st. 6-9 in. L.,
erect, strong ; /r. 12-18 in. 1, 6-12in, br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the
lower pinne deltoid-lanceolate, the lobes of the segment cut down nearly to the
rachis into narrow linear divisions, 4-} in. 1.; tezture coriaceous; sort half-
cylindrical, terminal on the dilated apices of the segments, sometimes with a
slight wing, but no horn.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 166. ¢. 55. D.

Hab. Fiji Islands, plentiful.—The most finely-divided species of the series.

§§§§§ Microlepia. Jnvol. membranaceous, shallowly half-cupshaped, attached at
the sides as well as the base. Sp. 50-65. Fronds very various in size, texture, and
cutting. This sub-genus has its head-quarters in S. E. Asia and Polynesia. Four
species are American and one African. Differing also from Humata, Eudavallia,
and Leucostegia, in having the stems, except in D. ciliata, continuous with the
caudex, and consequently falling under a different primary division (Desmobrya) of
J. Smith's classification. ‘

50. D. (Micro.) Hookeriana, Wallich ; rhizome creeping, both it and the lower
part of stern pubescent-fibrillose ; s¢. stout, erect, 4-6 in. l.; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8
in. br., simply pinnate; largest pinne 4 in. 1. 4 in. br., linear-acuminate,
truncate and auricled at the base above, slightly undulated below, and toothed
towards the point ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath villose ; sorz
in continuous rows along the edges ; znvol. small, about as broad as deep.— Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 172. t. 47. B.

Hab. Sylhet, Kamoun, and Assam, Hongkong.

51. D. ae Saccoloma, Spreng. ; rhizome wide-creeping, often climbing ;

/r. 4-6 ft. 1., simply pinnate; lower penne 1 ft. 1., rather over 1 in. br., linear-

acuminate, sharply but not deeply toothed towards the point, undulated
N

98 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA. 7

below ; texture subcoriaceous, but thin; sor? in long continuous rows along the
edges; invol. thin, twice as broad as deep.—Hé&. Sp. 1. p. 171. Saccoloma
elegans, Kaulf., J. Smith.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and W. Indies southward to Rio Janeiro.

52. D. (Micro.) pinnata, Cav.; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. strong, erect,
6-12 in. 1.; 7r. 9-15 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with distant linear slightly toothed pinna
6 in. 1, 3-3 in. br.; texture coriaceous ; sori one to each tooth, small, sub-
marginal.— Hz. Sp. 1. p. 178. t. 60. f. land 4. D. serrata, Blume.—B, D. gracilis,
Blume ; lower pinne cut down nearly to the rachis into narrow, linear, oblong
lobes.—D. Luzonica, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 174. t. 60. f. 2. 8. and 5.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Polynesian Islands.—This and the two preceding
are very distinct species, easily distinguishable from the rest by their simply pinnate
habit and long narrow pinne.

53. D. (Micro.) Wilfordii, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender,
naked, flexuose ; /r. 6-9in. 1., 2-8 in. br.; lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne
deltoid, stalked, about 1 in.1., } in. br., cut down to the rachis below with broadly
ovate-rhomboidal sharply toothed pinnules ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule, apical in the teeth.—D. rhomboidea,
Hk. 2nd. Cent, t. 48. not Wallich. Microlepia Wilfordii, Moore.

Hab. Japan ; gathered both by Messrs, Wilford and Oldham.—This and the next, it
will be seen, are very diminutive compared with all the species that follow.

54. D. (Micro.) hirsuta, Sw.; rhizome creeping, slender, pubescent; st.
slender, erect, 3-4 in. 1., pubescent; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., lanceolate, tripin-
natifid; lower pinne deltoid-lanceolate, about 1 in. 1., cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis. with oblong, rather sharply toothed, lobes ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces softly hairy ; sori 2 to G6 to a pinnule, marginal in the

P,

teeth. D. pilosella, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 96.
Hab. Japan and Tsus Sima ; gathered lately by Messrs, Wilford and Oldham.

55. D. (Micro.) ciliata, Hk.; rhizome creeping, covered with soft brown
hairs; sf. 8-4 in. L, firm, erect, pubescent; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid; pinne spreading, lanceolate, the central ones the
largest, 3-5 in. 1., 14 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, with oblong
pinnl. cut about halfway down with falcate, mucronate teeth ; texture thinly
herbaceous, flaccid ; rachises and under surface softly hairy ; sori 2 to 12 toa

innule, very small, placed near the centre of the teeth near the base.—H&h. Sp.
wl. 1. p. 184. ¢. 60. A. Leucostegia hirsuta, J. Smith.

Hab. Philippine Islands. z

56. D. (Micro.) marginalis, Baker ; rhizome creeping, villose ; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
erect, strong; fr. 18-24 in. L, 9-15 in. br., once-pinnate ; pinne 4-8 in. 1., about
1 in. br., linear, cut down about halfway to the rachis, or less, into bluntish
oblong lobes, the base above parallel with the stem, that of the lower side
obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises densely villose and under
surface also hairy ; sor? 2 to 8 to a lobe, submarginal.—Polypodium, Thunb.
D. scabra, D. Don. D. villosa, Wall. Hk. Sp.1. p. 172. t. 48. A. D, calves-
cens, Wallich,, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 172. t. 48. B.

Hab. Ceylon, and flank of the Himalayas, Japan, China.

57. D. (Micro.) strigosa, Swartz; rhizome stout, creeping, pubescent ; st. erect,
strong, 6-12 in. 1., both it arid the rachis pubescent throughout; 7. 1-3 ft. L,
6-12 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnatifid; lower pinne 4-8 in. l., 3-1 in. br., linear-
lanceolate, much acuminate, cut down to the rachis with unequal-sided, broadly

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA. 99

and rather bluntly toothed, oblong, rhomboidal pinal.; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins beneath prominently raised and, like the rachises, more or less hairy ; sori
2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, placed at the base of the sinuses.—D. Khasiyana,
Hk, Sp. 1. p. 173. t. 47. A. and 57. A.—B, D. rhomboidea, Wall.; similar to a
in texture and hairiness, but rather larger in all its parts, lower pinnl. lanceolate-
deltoid, 13 in. 1., cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong lobes—D. poly-
podioides y and 6, Ak. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 182. D. proxima, Blume.

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 3-5000 ft., Ceylon, Japan,
Malayan Peninsula and Isles, 8. E. China, Sandwich and Fiji Islands.—This is very
similar to the last in habit, but is at least bipinnatifid.

58. D. (Micro.) platyphylla, Don ; rhizome creeping, stout, scaly ; st. 2-3 ft. 1,
firm, erect; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, tripinnatifid; lower pinn@ 12-15 in. 1, 6-9 in. br.,
lanceolate, with distant linear lanceolate pinni., which are cut nearly to the
rachis below into broad bluntish, toothed, oblong-deltoid lobes; teature sub-
coriaceous, both surfaces naked; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, placed one in each
tooth a short distance from the edge, about a line across.—D. lonchitidea, Wall.
Hk, Sp.1. p. 178. t. 46. B. Exot. F. t. 19.

Hab. Throughout Hindostan from Ceylon to the Himalayas,

59. D. (Micro.) urophylla, Hk.; st. strong, erect, 2-3 ft. 1; fr. 2-3 ft. 1,
tripinnatifid ; lower pimn@ 9-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., lanceolate, with distant lan-
ceolate lower pinni., which are cut down to the rachis below into ovate-deltoid,
acuminate, unequal-sided broadly-toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces
naked; sorz submarginal, one to each of the lower sinuses of the lobes —Hé. Fil.
Exot. t. 19. note. Microlepia caudigera, Moore.

Hab. Bootan, Grifith.

60. D. (Micro.) majuscula, Lowe ; rhizome creeping, tomentose; st. 6-12 in. I.,
erect, naked; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, tripi natifid; lower pimn@ 9-12 in. 1,
8-4 in. br., lanceolate ; pénnl. lanceolate-acuminate, cut down nearly or quite to
the rachis into blunt slightly crenated oblong lobes; rachis and both surfaces
slightly hairy, the upper bright-green, shining; texture subcoriaceous; soré
small, submarginal, 2 to 12 to a segment.—D. proxima, Thwaifes, Enum. Pl.
Zeyl. p. 238. non Blume. D. Thwaitesii, Baker, edit. 1.

Hab. Ceylon.—This comes nearest to urophylla, but the segments are shorter and
blunter, and the sori are smaller.

61. D. (Micro.) énequalis, Kunze ; rhizome creeping ; st. stout, 2-3 ft. 1.3 fr.
2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br.; ovate-lanceolate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinna@ 9-12
in. L, 4-8 in. br.; with lanceolate pinnd. 3-5 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.; lower segm. cut
down nearly to the rachis with oblong toothed lower lobes ; tevtwre herbaceous,
both surfaces naked ; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, small, placed in the teeth ata
short distance from the margin.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 180. evel. var. y. t. 57. B.

Hab. Tropical America from Jamaica and Guadeloupe, southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro. We include here Microlepia mequalis, Pohliana, and nigricans, as figured by
Ettingshausen.

62. D. (Micro.) moluccana, Blume ; st. strong, erect, about 1 foot high; fr.
2-8 ft. 1, 9-18 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne@ lanceolate, 9-12
in. ]., 4-6 in. br., the segm. of the pinnules cut down to the rachis into broadly-
toothed oblong lobes in the lower part; teature subcoriaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sort 1 to 6 in a lobe, placed in the teeth, small, submarginal.—D.
ineequalis, y minor, H&, Sp. Fil. 1. p. 180.4. 58. A. D, campyleura, Kunze, edit. 1.

2

100 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§§ LoxoscarHE.

Hab. Malayan, Philippine, and Polynesian Islands.—M€. papillosa of Brackenridge is
a less cut robust variety. :

63. D. (Micro.) Denhami, Hk.; rhizome creeping; st. 4-8 in. 1., slender,
erect; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., ovate, quadvipinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower
pinne: lanceolate, 13-8 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into oblong
toothed segm., the lower ones 3 in. ]., in. br. ; ¢ewtwre herbaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori numerous, very small, slightly intramarginal ; nvol. half-cupshaped.
Hk, 2nd Cent. t. 47. Brack. p. 236.

Hab. Fiji, Aneiteum.—Near D. campylewra, but much more finely cut and thinner
in texture, and sori different. :

64, D. (Micro.) hérta, Kaulf. ; st. strong, 12-24 in. 1.5 fr. 3-6 ft. 1., 12-24 in.
br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; lower pinne 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into oblong broadly-toothed
lobes ; texture coriaceous; rachis and especially the under surface pubescent ;
veins beneath prominently raised ; sori 2 to 20 to a segment, placed oné or more
topether at the base of the teeth—H#. Sp. 1. p. 181. M. firma and scaberula,

ett.

Hab. North of India, Ceylon, Malayan and Polynesian Islands.—This has the stature
and habit of D. Spelunce combined with the coriaceous texture and prominent venation
of D. strigosa,

65. D. (Micro.) Speluncw, Baker ; st. strong, 12-18 in. 1.; fr. 8-6 ft. 1., 12-24
in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate; pinni. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong
deeply-toothed lobes ; teature herbaceous ; rachis and under surface hairy ; veins
beneath neither prominent nor rigid; sori 2 to 20 to a segment, placed one or
more together at the base of the lobes.—Polyp., Z. D. polypodioides, a and ,
Hk, Sp. 1. p. 181. D. jamaicensis, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 188. ~ D. trichosticha, Hé.
Sp. 1. p. 183. D. madagascariensis, Kunze,

Hab. Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas to 1-7,000 ft., 8. E. China, Ceylon, and

‘ Polynesian Islands, southward to Norfolk Island, and Queensland, Madagascar, Bourbon,

West Tropical Africa, and Macalisberg mountains, west of Natal. West Indian Islands,

southward to Brazil.—This is much more tender in texture than D. strigosa and hirta,

so much so, that the pinne are liable to shrivel up when the plant is gathered in a hot

country. It resembles Dicksonia rubiginosa considerably in general appearance, and has
a wide geographical range.

SSS58S Loxoseaphe, Moore. Invol. forming a compressed suborbicular or cup-
shaped pouch at the side of the segments, which is open only at the top. All
decompound with linear ultimate segments. Sp. 66-69. A very natural group,
allied in habit to Darea, but quite different in the fructification.

,_ 86. D. (Lox.) checifera, H. B. K.5 st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr. 6-9
in. 1, 2-3 in. br., oblong-acuminate, bipinnate; lower pinne erecto-patent,
13-2 in. 1, § in. br,, with simple or forked branches equalling the rachis in
breadth, 2-3 lin. 1, 3 lin. br. tewture stoutly herbaceous, surfaces naked ; sori
half-cupshaped, 1 lin. br., sunk in the dilated apices of the segments. —Hk, Sp. 1.
p. 193. D. Schimperi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 198. t. 60.B. D. concinna, Schrad. Hk.
Sp. £il. 1. p. 189. D. Lindeni, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 193. ¢. 56. B.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador, Brazil, C
Abyssinia, Angola, and Fernando Po. Cone ae ee eee

67. D. (Lox.) gibberosa, Swartz; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1. erect naked ;
12-18 in. (" 6-9 in, br., lanceolate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl, of ies
pinne lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in, 1., 1 in, br. 3 segm. cut down to the rachis with

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§§§ sTENOLoMA. 101

linear or forked ultimate divisions, 1-2 lin. 1, equalling the rachis in breadth;
texture stoutly herbaceous, surfaces naked; sor? terminal in the ultimate
divisions or with a horn beyond ; invol. half-cupshaped, 4 lin. across.—Hk. Sp.
1. p. 192.

Hab. Polynesian Islands.—Like D. concinna in habit, several times multiplied.

68. D. (Lox.) nigrescens, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., stout, erect, paleaceous below ; fr.
12-24 in. 1., 9-15 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, quadripinnatifid; lower pinne 4-8
in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate, acuminate ; pinni. deltoid, unequal-sided, cut down
to the rachis throughout ; segm., especially on the upper side, deeply inciso-
pinnatifid, ultimate divisions linear, about 4 in. 1., 4 lin. br.; texture fe siscaone 5
sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule, lateral on the upper side of the divisions ; zmvol. half-
cupshaped.—_H&., 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 98.

Hab. Fernando Po, at an elevation of 3,000 ft., @. Mann.— Nearest L. gibberosa, but
the pinnules shorter and more divided, with flatter segments and pubescent rachises.

69. D. (Lox.) feniculacea, Hk ; st. erect, firm, 6-8 in. 1. ; fr. 9-18 in. 1, 6-12
in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinni. lanceolate-acuminate,
2-3 in. 1, Lin. br. ; segm. cut down to the rachis into simple or forked linear
filiform ultimate divisions, 1-2 lin. 1., equalling the rachis in breadth ; texture

herbaceous ; sori 2-6 to a segment, lateral, deeply half-cupshaped, under 4 lin. br.
—Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns,t.54. penne i a 3

Hab. Fiji group ; gathered by Mr. Milne.—A very distinct and finely-cut species.
Habit of D. ferulacea, but sori quite different.

S$§§$§§ Stenol-ma, Pée. Lnvol. as in Loxoscaphe, but terminal on the seg-
ments. Sp. 70-Ta. Lronds very various in size, but the ultimate segments always
cuneutc, growing gradually wider from the base to the apex. Scattered throughout
the tropics. Odontosoria, J. Smith. This goes with Microlepia into J. Smith’s
Desmobrya.

* Fronds 6-18 in. 1., not climbing.

70. D. (Steno.) Goudotiana, Kunze ; rhizome creeping, slender, fibrillose ; st.
not more than 1 in. 1.; fr. 4-6 in. 1., #4 in. br., linear-oblong ; main rachis not
branched ; largest pinnae deltoid, ¢ in. 1., more than 3 in. br., cut down to a
slender subfiliform rachis into simple or forked linear-cuneate thinly herbaceous
segments; sori terminal, suborbicular, 1 to each segment.—A&. Sp. 1. p. 189. t.
50. C., 2 Cent. t. 23.

Hab. Madagascar.

71. D. (Steno.) bifida, Kaulf.; rhizome short; st. 4-8 in. 1., wiry, naked,
flexuose ; fr. 4-8 in. L, 2-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid; penne flaccid,
2-4 in. 1, lanceolate-deltoid, the lower pinn/. cut down to a filiform rachis, with
deeply-cut pinnatifid or flabellate segm., ultimate divisions linear-cuneate, thinly
herbaceous, 14-24 lin. 1., less than § lin. br. at the point ; sor? small, terminal,
suborbicular.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 188. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 288. S. Glaziovii, Fée.

Hab. Minas Geraes and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

72. D. (Steno.) scoparia, Hk. MSS.; rhizome strong, creeping ; st. strong, erect,
6-12 in. 1.3 fr. 6-9 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinne
lanceolate, erecto-patent ; pinni. again pinnatifid with forked or pinnatifid lower
segm., ultimate divisions subcoriaceous, linear-cuneate, } in. 1. $ lin. br. at the
point; sori small, suborbicular, often not occupying the whole apex of the
segment.—Lindsaya, Mett. Fil. NV. Caled. p. 64.

102 18, DAVALLIA, §$§§§§§ sTENOLOMA.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, No. 1550.—Very near D. clavata, but the pinne and
segments are rather stouter and more rigid in texture.

73. D. (Steno.) clavata, Swartz; rhizome stout, creeping, densely: villose ; sé.
strong, erect, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 8-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tri- or quadri-
pinnatifid ; pénne distant, with distant pinnl., the latter cut down to a filiform
rachis ; segm. again pinnatifid, ultimate divisions herbaceous in texture, linear-
cuneate, }-3 in. 1., 4 lin, br. at the top; soré terminal, suborbicular or reniform,
sometimes confluent.—H&, Sp. 1. p. 187. >

Hab. West Indian Islands.

74. D, (Steno.) tenuifolia, Swartz; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ;
st. strong, erect, polished, naked, dark-brown, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in.
br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, their segments cut down to the rachis below with toothed
cuneate lobes, 1-1} lin. across at the apex ; teature subcoriaceous, both surfaces
naked, the upper shining; sori terminal, usually solitary, often rather broader
than flespe b. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 186.—B, D. chinensis, Smith ; fr. smaller ; segm.
broader ; sori 1 to 4 in a lobe.—Az&. Sp. 1. p. 187.

Hab. Common in tropical Asia and Polynesia, ascending northward to Japan, and
5,000 ft. in the Himalayas, Madagascar, Bourbon, and Mauritius,

** Fronds several feet long, usually climbing.

75. D. (Steno.) uncinella, Kunze ; st. 6-8 ft. 1., wide-climbing, flexuose, prickly;
jr. tripinnate ; lower pinne 1-2 ft. 1, with a long unbranched terminal segment
and a few lateral ones, the lowest of which are also long and flexuose ; segm.
# in. br. and deep, obliquely truncate below, blunt at the point, broadly and
bluntly lobed above ; veins not prominent ; texture thick, subcoriaceous ; soré
small, cupshaped, marginal.— Kunze in Schk. Suppl. 2. p. 96. t. 140.

Hab. Cuba and Porto Rico.

76. D. (Steno.) aculeata, Swartz; rhizome creeping, stout, fibrillose; st.
(including rachis) 4-6 ft. 1., strong, scandent, spinoso-flexuose ; /r. tripinnatifid ;
lower pinne@ 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnd. lanceolate, 2-3 in.
1., 1 in. br. 3 segm. ¢ in. br., cuneate, deeply 2 to 4 lobed, lobes with 2 or 4 veins;
texture herbaceous; veins prominent beneath, once or twice flabellately forked ;
sort small, cupshaped, terminal.—HZ&. Sp. 1. p. 191. ¢. 54. B. ‘

Hab. West Indian Islands, common.

77. D. (Steno.) ferruginea, Desv.; st. wide-creeping, scandent, not prickly ;
fr. quadripinnatifid ; pinnd. of lower pinne 2-3 in. 1., 14 in. br., ovate; segm.
lin. 1., 2 in. br., cut. down to the rachis below, lobes 4-3 in. br., cuneate at the
base, both deeply toothed and shallowly crenate ; texture herbaceous ; veins not
prominent ; sor? small, marginal, shallow, usually cupshaped, sometimes but not
always as broad as the lobe in which they are placed, sometimes two-confluent.
D. Melleri, Hk. edit. 1.

Hab. Madagascar; gathered by Meller and Lyall,—Intermediate between D. aculeata
and Lindsaya retusa, and, according to our definitions, with as good a right to be placed
in one genus as the other.

78. D. (Steno.) fumarioides, Swartz; habit of D. aculeata and the stem and
rachises similarly prickly, but segm. smaller and more deeply cut, the lobes but
slightly broader at the apex than the base, usually only one-veined ; soré cup-
shaped, as broad as the segment.—ZZ&. Sp. 1. p. 191.

Hab. West Indian Islands,

19. cYSTOPTERIS. 103

79. D. (Steno.) Schlechtendahlii, Presl ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br. ; main rachis
strong, straight, naked ; lower pinn@ 9-12 in. ]., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
spreading or deflexed, with a zigzag rachis; pinn/. 2-3 in. 1, about 1 in. br.,
cut down to a narrowly-winged strong rachis ; segm. cut down to a centre which
equals in breadth the narrow linear forked or flabellate ultimate divisions ;
texture herbaceous; sor? small, terminal, suborbicular.—HE&. Sp. 1. p. 189. ¢. 54. C.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala, ascending to 83-5000 feet.

Gen. 19. Cystorteris, Bernh.

Sort globose, placed on the back of the veins. JZnvol. membranaceous, subor-
dicular, inserted by its broad base under the sorus, which at the beginning it
covers like a hood.—Fronds small, two or three times divided, thin in texture, veins
free. Allied to Woodsia and Microlepia, and exceptional amongst the ferns in its
geography, having its head-quarters in the Temperate Zones of both hemispheres.
Tas. II. f. 19.

1. C. fragilis, Bernh.; st. 2-4 in. 1.3 fr. 4-8 in. L, 14-2 in. br., ovate-lan-
ceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ; largest pinnw 1-1} in.
1., 4-2 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnd. oblong-rhomboidal, cut down to a broad
central space into bluntly- or sharply-toothed lobes; texture herbaceous ; sori
2to12toapinnule. Ak. Sp.1.p.197. Brit. Ferns, t. 23.

Hab. Europe and Asia, everywhere from Iceland to Kamschatka, from the Arctic
regions to Madeira, and the Himalayas, where it ascends to 15,000 ft. ; mountains of
Abyssinia and Fernando Po; South Africa; Van Diemen’s Land, New Zealand,
Sandwich Islands; Temperate N. and S. America, and mountains in the intermediate
Tropical Zone. C. Tasmanica, Sandwicensis, and Douglasii, do not appear to be safely
separable.

2. C. alpina, Desv.; st. 2-4 in. 1.3 fr. 48 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; main rachis more or less winged above; largest pinne deltoid,
lanceolate, 1-1} in. 1., $-2 in. br.; pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to the
rachis below into slightly toothed segm.; teature herbaceous; sor small, 2 to 12
‘toa pinnule.—Hé&. Sp. 1. p.199. Brit. Ferns, t. 24. Aspid. Taygetense, Bory
and Chaub.

Hab. Mountains of Europe from Sweden to Greece and Spain, and Asia Minor.—In
England naturalized on a wall at Low Leyton, Essex. A more tender and usually more
finely-divided plant than the last, but often difficult to distinguish.

8. C. bulbifera, Bernh.; st. 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. at the widest
part, ovate-lanceolate, often much elongated upwards, bi- ortripinnatifid ; lower
pinnl, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br.; segm. linear-oblong, cut
‘down to the rachis below, very slightly taothed ; sort 2 to 12 to a pinnule,

boos in two rows, one in each segment.—H&. Sp. 1. p.199. C. atomaria,
resl,

Hab. N. America from Canada southward to Virginia and N. Carolina«—A very
distinct plant, which takes its name from the large fleshy bulblets which are formed in
the axils of the upper pinne. These often fall to the ground and become new plants,
which, Prof. Eaton says, are about two years in coming to maturity.

4. C. sudeica, A. Br. & Milde; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. slender, 6-9 in. 1. ;
jr. 6-8 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinni. deltoid-
lanceolate, 1-14 in. 1., less than 4 in. br.; lower segm. } in. 1., 2 lin. br., ovate-
rhomboidal, deeply toothed ; tezture herbaceous; sore much larger than in
C. montana, only 2 to 6 to the lower segments.—Nov. Act. rol. 26. P. 2. p. 554.
@, 44,

104 20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA,

Hab. Silesia, Sudetes of Moravia, and the Carpathians.—This species combines the
habit of C. montana with the texture of C. fragilis.

5. Cy montonc, Link ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st, slender, erect, 6-9 in. 1. ; Ir.
about Gan. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest pina, deltoid-lanceolate,
1-1} in. 1, 4-2 in. br. 5 segm. cut down to the rachis below, the lobes oblong,
2 lin. 1, 1 lin. br., deeply and sharply toothed ; tewture thinly herbaceous ; soré
small, 18 to 24 to the lower segments.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 200. Brit. Ferns, t, 25.

Hab. Mountains of Scandinavia, Scotland (very rare), and Central Europe ; Kam-
schatka, east side of the Rocky Mountains, N. America, Labrador, Canada West.

—

Tribe 5, LInpsayvEs. 7

Sori placed in a line at or very near the edge of the frond, covered with an
involucre, the inner valve of which is membranaceous, the outer (obsolete in Dicty-
oxiphium) formed of the margin of the frond. Gen. 20-20*,

Grn. 20. Linpsaya, Dryand. (See page 471.) “

Sori marginal or submarginal, placed at the apex of and uniting two or more
veins, nvol. double, opening outwardly, the inner valve membranaceous, the
outer formed of the more or less changed (scarcely changed in Diellia and some
other species) margin of the frond. A moderately extensive genus, only a few
species of which pass outside the tropics, most, but not all, the species of which have
one-sided pellucido-herbaceous or coriaceous pinne, approximating in shape to a
quarter of a circle. Tas. II, f. 20.

§ Eulindsaya.- Pinna unilateral, veins free. Sp. 1-25. A well-marked section,
which has its head-quarters in Tropical America, Asia, and Polynesia, but reaches
the Mauritius, Japan, and Australia, with the habit of Adiantum, with fronds often
pellucid,

+ Main rachis unbranched. Sp. 1-12.

1. L. Uinearis, Swartz; rhizome wiry, creeping; st’ wiry, flexuose, black,
shining, 4-8 in. 1.; /r. 6-12 in. 1, 4in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnae 3 lin. 1,
2 lin. deep, the upper edge very slightly toothed, the lower ones with often a
considerable space between them ; teature thickly pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in
a continuous line along the upper edge. —H&. Sp. 1. p. 206.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.—
Pinnules often distinctly flabellate in shape, readily curling up when dry. It has much
the smallest pinne of the unbranched group.

2. L. falciformis, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. very short, close together ;
Jr. 3-4 in. 1, zt in. br., simply pinnate; pinnae 4 lin. 1, % in. deep, distinctly
falecate towards the outside, both margins entire, close together, but not imbri-
cated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; the costal vein parallel with the lower edge
at a short distance from it; sod in a continuous marginal line.—H&. Sp. 1.
p. 208. t. 64. B.

Hab. British Guiana; gathered by Sir R, Schomburgk.—A very doubtful plant,
perhaps young, unbranched L. trapeziformis.

. 8. L. adiantoides, J. Sm.; st. nearly tufted, black, polished, wiry, 1-2 in. 1. 3
fr. 4-6 in. 1., about 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 4 in. 1, } in. deep, the upper
imbricated, the lower edge straight or slightly curved, the upper rounded and
broadly lobed about one-third of the way down ; teature pellucido-herbaceous ;
sori marginal in the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 204. #61. C. L. humilis, Kuhn.

20. Lixpsaya, § EULINDSAYA. 105

Hab. S. Camarines, Malay Archipelago ; gathered by Cuming.—Much resembling
small unbranched forms of Z. nitens, but recognizable by its simple venation.

4. L. ovata, J. Sm.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, flexuose,
black ; fr. 4-6 in. L, Zin. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 4 lin. 1., 2 lin. deep, not
imbricated, the lower ones with their own breadth between them, horizontally
oblong, the point very blunt, the lower side obliquely truncate at the base, the
upper slightly auricled ; tezture subcoriaceous ; sor? in a continuous marginal
line.—HE&. Sp. 1. p. 205. ¢. 64. A.

Hab, Same station as Z. adiantoides ; gathered also by Cuming.

5. L. concinna, J. Sm. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, erect; /7
6-12 in. 1., Zin. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 4 lin. 1, 2 lin. deep, very blunt on
the outer edge, the upper edge very slightly crenate, the upper ones close together,
but scarcely imbricated ; tezture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous or
slightly interrupted line along the upper edge.—HE. Sp. 1. p. 205. ¢. 61. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands and Borneo. United by Kuhn with cultrata.

6. L. Seemanni, J. Sm.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, flexuose, 3-6 in. I. ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., about 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; largest pinnew 4-2 in. 1., ¢ in.
deep, the same shape as those of L. cultrata, but the teeth, especially the lower
one, deeper and the texture thinner.—J. Smith in Bot. Herald, p. 239.

Hab. Bay of Choco, Panama, discovered by Dr. Seemann.—Perhaps an American
form of L. cultrata.

7. L. cultrata, Swartz ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, flexuose, 3-6 in. I. ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1, about 1 in. br., simply pinnate; largest pinne 4-3 in. 1., } in.
deep, not imbricated, the lower margin straight or slightly curved, usually
upwards, the upper edge slightly lobed, so that the continuity of the line of the
“fructification is broken, sometimes nearly entire, lower pinne stalked ; tezture
coriaceo-membranaceous.—Hh. Sp. 1. p. 208. Ak. & Gr. Ic.t. 144. Hk. Fil.
Exot. t. 67. WL. Lobbiana, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 205. ¢. 62. C. LL. gracilis, Blume, HE.
E. C.—8, japonica ; fr. 2-3 in. 1.3 pinne nearly triangular, with the point at
the base, upper edge nearly entire.

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 4,000 ft. ; Neilgherries,
Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Bourbon ; and gathered lately by Mr. Hill in Queens-

land, by Dr. Meller in Madagascar. is a remarkable variety discovered by Mr. Oldham
in Japan.

8. L. botrychioides, St. Hil. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown ; /r. 9-12 in. lL, 1-1} in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 4 in. each way, with
only the inner third of the lower half cut away, the lower line more or less
decurved, the upper line broadly rounded, scarcely lobed, and the outer margin
broad and blunt ; ¢ezture herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished ; sor in a continuous
line round the upper and outer edge and the inner half of the lower one, the
outer valve projecting beyond the inner.

Hab. Brazil. Burchell, 4402.—Probably this is only a lax unbranched variety of
_ guianensis.

9. L. dubia, Spreng. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. close together, wiry, 3-6 in.
1; fr. 48 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinna $1 in. |., not more than } in.
br., the upper edge crenated towards the gradually narrowing point, even the upper
ones with usually 3-4 in. between them, often not truly dimidiate, but with the
costa becoming central towards the point ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; line of
the soré not interrupted till it reaches the crenations of the outer third of the
upper margin.—Hk, Sp. 1. p. 209. t. 64. C.

to)

106 20, LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA

Hab. Venezuela, Guiana, and valley of Amazon.—A very distinct species and
interesting as showing a transition from Fulindsaya to Isoloma.

10. L. pectinata, Blume; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous ;
st. erect, very short ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pénne 3-2in. 1,
% in. deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper margin round, slightly
srenate, the point not very blunt, close together, but not imbricated ;. texture
pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in an interrupted line along the nope edge.— Hh. Sp.
1. p. 206. L. oblongifolia, Reinw. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 206. t. 61. D.

Hab. Assam and Malayan Peninsula and Islands.—Habit of Odontoloma repens,
which see. JZ. calomelanos, Kunze, from Java, is said to be closely allied.

11. L. scandens, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous ; jr.
9-12 in. 1., 14-13 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinmne 2 in. 1, $ in. br., the lower line
slightly decurved, the upper rounded, entire, the point broadly rounded, placed
in a long row close together, but not imbricated ; teature pellucido-herbaceous ;
costa marginal ; sor in a continuous marginal line.-—H&, Sp. 1. p. 205. 4. 63. B.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippine Islands; gathered by Sir W. Norris, Lady
Dalhousie, and Mr. Cuming.—Said to be sometimes bipinnate, but very doubtfully
distinct from LZ. pectinata. The two may readily be known from the rest of the group
by the stout scandent rhizome.

_ 12. L. Lapeyrousii, Baker ; st. tufted, very short ; fr. 9-15 in. ]., about 14 in.
br. at the widest part, not branched ; pina very numerous, about ? in. 1., with
4-8 spathulate-cuneate secund segments cut down to a narrow rachis; testure
herbaceous, both surfaces naked; sort subterminal on the segments; invol.
shallow, nearly as broad as the segments, which measure a line or more across at
the apex.—Davallia, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 56.

Hab. Vanekolla and Fiji; gathered by Messrs. C. Moore and Milne.—Probably the
same species as Davallia hymenophylloides.

++ Main rachis more or less branched when the plant attains its full development.
Sp. 18-25.

13. L. jfiliformis, Hk.; st. slender, wiry, very flexuose, brownish-black,
polished, 2-4 in. 1.; 7. 4-6 in. 1., with a long simply pinnate apex, and below
several pairs of short, spreading, flexuose branches ; pind. 2 lin. br., 1 lin. deep,
the lower line curved upwards or downwards, the upper nearly entire, placed
near together but not imbricated, obliquely truncate on the side towards the
rachis ; ¢ezture pellucido-herbaceous ; sorz in a continuous line along the upper
edge.—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 212.%. 63. D. LL. tenuis, Klotzsch, oldest name.

Hab. British Guiana; gathered by Sir R. ‘Schomburgk,—The smallest and most
slender of the branched species.

14, L. Catherine, Hk.; rhizome short-creeping; sf. slender, erect, wiry,
polished, 6-9 in. 1.5 /v. 6-9 in. 1, with a pinnate summit, and below several
spreading branches, the lowest of which are sometimes again branched at the
base; pinnl. 4 in.1., 4 in. deep, cut down nearly to the costa into two or three
cleft obversely triangular lobes; tewtwre thinly pellucido-herbaceous ; soré not
quite as broad as the lobes, the outer valve consideraby broader than the inner,
and finely toothed. HA. Sp. 1. p. 212. ¢. 65. B.

Hab. St. Catherine’s, Brazil; gathered by Captain Beechey—Not more than a
variety of L. virescens.

15. L. virescens, Swartz; rhizome short-creeping; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, flexuose,
polished, dark-coloured ; 7. 6-9 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., deltoid in general outline, with

20. LInDsAYA, § EULINDSAYA. 107

a simply pinnate point, and several pairs of erecto-pacent branches, some of
which are again a little branched below ; pinni, 4 lin. br., 3 lin. deep, nearly
entire or once or twice cleft from the upper margin, placed close together, but
not imbricated ; texture thickly pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous line
except when interrupted by the lobes.—L. Gardneri, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 213. ¢. 65. B.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil ; gathered by Burchell and Gardner.—Allied in habit
to L. flabellulata, but the pinnules are smaller and more divided.

16. L. flabellulata, Dry.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, erect, brownish-
black, polished, 4-12 in. I. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1. simple or with one or several pairs of
lateral branches; pinnl. 4-4 in. 1., about } in. deep, the lower line nearly straight
or decurved, the upper rounded, entire, or lobed, the point broadly rounded ;
texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis naked ; venation fiabellate ; sor? in a con-
tinuous line except when interrupted by the lobes—HE&. Sp. 1. p, 211. ¢. 63. C.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. 75. Adiantum orbiculatum, Zam., oldest name.

Hab. N. Hindostan, S. E. China, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Ceylon, N. Australia.
—Very variable in the size of the pinpe and in ramification. Var. gigantea of Hooker is
au abnormal state, with some of the pinne of the central rachis 1-2 in. 1., and lengthened
out to anarrow point. ZL. tenera, Dryander, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 211. (Z. striata, Blume), only
differs by its thinner texture. In this and the preceding the lower pinne are often nearly
as deep as broad.

17. L. trapeziformis, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. strong, erect, 6-12 in. 1.;
fr. 6-14 ing L, with a long entire puiut and 1 to 4 pairs of rather rigidly erecto-
patent branches, which are often 6-12 in. 1.; pinne 3-1} in. 1., 3-4 in. deep, the
Jower line nearly straight or curved upwards or downwards, the upper rounded,
entire, closely placed, but scarcely imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sore
in a continuous line round the upper margin.—Hé&. Sp.1.p. 214. L. quadran-
gularis, Raddi, Hk. Sp.1. p. 214. L. horizontinalis, H%. Sp. 1: p. 214. ¢. 62. B.
L. arcuata, Kunze, Hk. Sp.1. p. 215. L. caudata, Hk. Ic. Pl. t. 958. Sp. 1. p.
215.—B, L. laxa, Kunze, upper margin broadly lobed, so that the line of the fruit
is more or less interrupted. L. Klotzschiana, Moritz.—y, L. faleata, Willd. ; fr.
not branched ; pinne often very large. L. Leprieurii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 208.¢. 62. D.

Hab. Tropica! \merica, from Cuba and Guatemala southward to Rio Janeiro ; Cey!on,
Malayan Vericscia and Islands.—Z. caudata is a large handsome Ceylonese form, with
more Lranches than usual; Z. urcuaia, a form with long narrow falcate pinnules; and
L. DP’ Herminieri, Fée, a plant from Guadeloupe, with the pinnules broadest at the outer
edge and the upper margin concave. Adiantum Lancea, L.., is the oldest name.

18. L. borneensis, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome short-creeping, paleaceous; st. strong, _
erect, polished, 9-15 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br., with a long unbranched
apex, and 6 to 9 erecto-patent branches on each side, which are 6-9 in. 1. ; pinnl.
3-4 lin. J., 13-2 lin. deep, closely placed or even imbricated, quite entire, the
outer edge blunt; texture pellucido-herbaceous; veins prominent; sord in a
continuous marginal line.

Hab. Forests of Borneo; gathered by Messrs. Lobb and Barber.—This comes very
near L. Guianensis in habit, but the sori are quite marginal.

19, L. guianensis, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping ; sf. 6-12 in. ]., rigid, erect,
polished ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., with an entire point and 1 to 6 pairs of lateral erecto-patent
branches, 6-9 in. 1., which are sometimes again branched ; pinal. 2 in. 1., } in.
br., not lobed and the outer edge bluntly rounded, closely placed and sometimes
imbricated ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins prominent beneath ; sord in a contin-

uous line, with the outer valve produced, but altered in texture—Hzk. Sp. 1.
p. 216. t. 62. A. :

Hab. Tropical America from Jamaica southward to Rio Janeiro. —This is inter-

108 20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA.

mediate between trapesiformis and stricta, and is sometimes distinguishable from the
former only with difficulty.

20. L. stricta, Dry.; rhizome short-creeping, fibrillose ; sf. rigid, erect, 12-24
in. 1., polished, often chesnut-brown ; jv. simply pinnate, 12-24 sin. L, } in. br.,
or with 1 or 2 pairs of erect rigid lateral branches ; pinzl. 3 in. br., less deep, the
lower line often considerably decurved, the upper rounded, nearly entire, closely
placed but imbricated; colour bright-green, but texture coriaceous ; sor? in a
continuous line round the upper edge.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 216. L. elegans, Hk. Lc.
Pil. t. 98. (an unbranched form).

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico and the West Indian Tslands southward to Rio
Janeiro.—The plant well deserves its name. The pinnules and stems are so rigid, that
specimens can be only made to adhere to paper with great difficulty. It is occasionally
even tripinnatifid, :

21. L. rigida, J. Sm.: rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 4-6 in. 1. rigid, erect,
prickly towards the base; 7. with a long unbranched central point and 1 to 4
pairs of flexuose lateral branches, 4-8 in. 1. ; pin. 8-4 lin. br., 2 lin. deep, the
lower edge often falcate, the upper 3 or 4 times bluntly, not deeply lobed, placed
close together but not imbricated ; texture very thick and coriaceous ; veins pro-
minent ; soré in a marginal line on the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 217. t. 63. A.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, on Mount Ophir.—Much resembling Z. stricta, but the
texture is thicker, the veins more conspicuous, and the upper margin of the pinnules is
conspicuously crenate. The colour of the mature frond is sepia-brown, and the pale
veins stand out from the groundwork in relief.

22. L. Kirkit, Hk. MSS. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1, stout, suberect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in.
br., with a long unbranched point and numerous (6-9) erecto-patent branches on
each side, 6-9 in. 1.3 pinnd. about $ in. br., # in. deep, much decurved at the
base, the outer edge rounded, the upper crenate, that nearest the rachis fre-
quently overlapping it, and the pinnules placed so close that one overlaps the
base of the next above it; teture thinly herbaceous; veins prominently
channelled ; sori numerous round the upper edge, not more than twice as
broad as deep, protruded from the margin, terminating only one or two of
the veins. L. Pervillei, Mett. ¢ Kuhn.

Hab. Seychelles Islands ; gathered by M. Bouton, Dr. Kirk, and R. W. Rawson,
Esq.—A very distinct and handsome species. The veins occasionally anastomose,

23. L. pendula, Klotzsch ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed with dark
chesnut-brown fibrils ; s¢. erect, 6-9 in.1., naked except below, polished ; 7. 9-12
in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong in general outline, the main rachis without pinne except
above the branches, which are 13-2 in. 1., and spread from the stem at right
angles, or even curved slightly downwards ; pinnl. nearly 2 lin. br., hardly over
1 lin. deep, almost obversely triangular in shape, placed close together, but not
imbricated, those of the upper side of the branches often deflexed and pendulous;
texture subcoriaceous ; soré in a continuous line along the upper edge of the pinne.
—Hzk, Sp. 1. p. 218, y

Hab. British Guiana ; gathered by Schomburgk, and again recently by Appuv.—
This differs remarkably from its neighbours in habit, and by its very small numerous
cuneate deflexed segments,

24, L. Spruceana, Mett. ; rhizome wiry, short-creeping ; scales minute, brown,
lanceolate ; st. 2-4 in., naked, glossy stramineous ; fr. 4 ft. 1, simply pinnate or
bipinnate, with 2-3 close ascending lanceolate pinnw; pinnl. close, petiolate,
lanceolate-falcate, 4 in. br., entire, with both upper and lower border much
upeurved ; teature moderately firm ; suxfaces bright green, naked; veins dis-

20. LInDsAYA, §§ ISOLOMA. 109

tant, distinct ; sorus continuous along the upper and outer edge.—Kuhz, Linn. 36.
Pp 79.

Hab. Tarapota, East Peru, Spruce, 4023. —Nearest small forms of stricta, but texture
much less coriaceous, and segments narrower and closer. The plant called L. Sprucei
in our first edition is now found to be identical with Davallia meifolia, H. B. K., and
our L. Parishii to be an abnormal form of Acrostichum sorbifolium, like that figured at
tab. 56 of the first volume of Hooker’s Species Filicum under the name of Davallia
achilletfolia.

25. L. Maegilliorayi, Carruth. ; st. and rachis naked, red-stramineous ; /r.
deltoid, bipinnate, 1-14 ft. 1.; pinne 8-9-jugate, lowest $1 ft. L., 1 in. br.;
pinnl, stalked, rhomboid-oblong, entire, 3 in. 1., the upper border straight, the
lower rather ascending, 20-30-jugate, alternate ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces

“* green, naked ; veins distinct, flabellate; sorus continuous along upper and outer
edge.—F7. Vit. p. 337.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Macgillivray ; New Caledonia, Herb. Macleay ; and a closely-allied
plant with smaller, more cuneate pinnules from Viti, Richards. Habit of Kirkii, and
large forms of guianensis.

: 8s Isoloma, J. Smith. Pinne equilateral ; reins free. Sp. 26-35. This section
in habit and texture resembles Pteris rather than Adiantum, and the cuneate species
approzimate very closely to Stenoloma,

* Fronds simple. Sp. 26-27.

26. L. (Iso.) reniformis, Dry. ; st. wiry, flexuose, 4-6 in. 1, black, polished ;
fr. 2-23 in. across, orbicular-reniform, with a deep basal sinus ; feature coriaceo-
membranaceous, not pellucid ; sorz continuous all round the edge, except in the
sinus.—Zk, Sp. 1. p. 203.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon valley.

27. L. (Iso.) sagittata, Dry. ; st. wiry, flexuose, 4-6 in. 1., black, polished ; fr.
sagittate-acuminate, with a deep basal sinus, 2-4 in. across, sometimes lobed ;
texture as in the preceding, and the sori similarly continuous.—Hé. Sp. 1. p. 208.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 87.

Hab. Guadeloupe and French Guiana.
#* Fronds simply pinnate, with linear pinne. Sp. 28-80.

28. L. (Iso.) Walkere, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, paleaceous ; st. wiry, erect,
black, polished, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 13-2
in. |., Z in. br., entire, equilategal, erecto-patent, with several times their breadth
between them ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; rachis naked, shining, brownish-black ; soré
in a continuous line along both edges.—Hé&. Sp. 1. p. 209. ¢. 69. A.

Hab. Céylon and island of Banca, east of Sumatra.

29. L. (Iso.) dicergens, Wall. ; rhizome creeping, wiry, fibrillose ; st. wiry, erect,
black, polished, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1}-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 2-1
in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., obliquely truncate at the base below, auricled at the base above,
the margin entire, the point bluntish ; ¢eztwre coriaceous ; rachis naked and
polished ; sort in a continuous line along both edges.—Hé&. Sp. 1. p. 210, Hk.
& Gr. Ic. t. 226.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.—Here the pinnz are placed close together, and
spread from the rachis at a right angle.

30. L, (Iso.) danuginosa, Wall. ; rhizome stout, creeping, clothed with fibrillose

110 20. LINDSAYA, §§ ISOLOMA,

scales ; sf. stout, erect, 4-6 in, 1.; fr. 12-24 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnae:
14-2 in. 1., t-4 in, br,, linear, entire or very slightly toothed towards the point, which
is acute in the fertile, bluntly rounded in the barren frond ; texture coriaceous 5
rachis pubescent ; sori in a continuous line along both edges.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 210.
t. 69. BE. L. acutifola, Desv., oldest name, °

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, southward to Tropical Australia, Mauritius, and gathered
by the Livingstone Expedition at the mouth of the Kongone river.—This has quite the
habit of Nephrolepis acuta, and similar white cretaceous dots on the upper side of the
very deciduous pinne.

**% Fronds bi- or tripinnatifid, ultimate divisions cuneate. Sp. 31-86.

31. L. (Iso.) alutacea, Metten.; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 4-6 in. 1, 13-2 in. br.,
bipinnatifid, lower branches wiry, flexuose, 2-3 in. 1., erecto-patent, furnished with
6 to 8 stalked obversely-triangular pinnl., which are about 3 lin. br., 4 lin. deep,
2- to 3-lobed, and the lobes again crenate at the apex ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; vena-
mn flabellate ; sord in a line across the point of the pinnules—Metten. Fil. Nov.

al. p. 63.

Hab. New Caledonia ; gathered by M. Deplanche.

82. L. (Iso.) trichomanoides, Dry.; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. 4-6 in. 1,
slender, wiry, polished, chesnut-brown ; /r. 4-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-oblong,
bipinnatifid ; pinne 2-8 in. 1., lanceolate, erecto-patent, cut down quite to the
rachis below into cuneate pinnl., which are again broadly lobed on the upper
edge ; teature herbaceous ; venation obscure, flabellate ; sor2 in a continuous mar-
ginal line.-—H&, Sp. 1. p. 218.—6, L. Lessonii, Bory ; simply pinnate, with
broadly-lobed linear-lanceolate pinne.—Hk. Sp.1.p. 217. |

Hab. New Zealand, Van Diemen’s Land, and N.S. Wales ; gathered also lately in
Fiji by Mr. Cairns, :

383. L. (Iso.) microphylla, Swartz ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. flexuose, wiry,
8-6 in. 1.; fr. 6-18 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., bi- or tripinnatifid ; primary pinne distant,
flexuose, 1-4 in. 1. ; pinnl. entire, or cut down to the rachis into several obversely
triangular lobes, which when fertile are often not more than 1 lin. br. ; teature
herbaceous ; venation flabellate ; sori in a continuous marginal line.—Hé. Sp. 1.
p 218. Hk. & Gr. t. 194.

Hab. New Zealand and Temperate Australia.

84, L. (Iso.) elongata, Lab. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st. 6-9
in. L, stout, erect, naked, chesnut-brown, polished ; 7/7. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
ovate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnd. lanceolate-acuminate, 2-3 in. 1, £in. br.;
cut down nearly to the rachis, but only slightly above into lobes which are
broader at the apex than the base, and sometimes quite obversely triangular ;
texture coriaceous ; veins prominently raised on the under side ; soré occupying
nearly or quite the whole margin of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 213.

Hab. New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines.

35. L. (Iso.) retusa, Metten. ; st. strong, erect, not prickly or climbing ; /*. tri-
innatifid ;:lower pimne 12-15 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, the
ower segm. the same shape, 1-1} in. 1., 4-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis below,

the lobes 2-3 lin. br., cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; sori narrow, marginal;
occupying the whole breadth of the lobes.—Davallia, Cav, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 188.
t. 52. A. L, cuneifolia, Presi. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 219.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Amboyna, Solomon’s Isles, New Caledonia, — This species
and No. 81 in particular in texture and habit approximate to Stenoloma very closely.

20. LINDSAYA, §§§ SYNAPHLEBIUM, §§§§ SCHIZOLOMA. TEL

§$§ Synaphlebium, J. Smith. Pinne unilateral ; veins more or less anasto-
mosing. Sp. 86-88. Habit and texture of Eulindsaya, from which it differs only
by its anastomosing veins.

36. L. (Syn.) media, R. Br. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., wiry, flexuose, shining, pale ; /r.
6-12 in. 1., deltoid in general outline, bi- or tripinnate ; inne 3-4 lin. 1, 2-3 lin.
deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper one rounded ; ¢exture subcoria-
ceous ; veins flabellate, free or anastomosing ; sord in a continuous marginal line.

—Hk. Sp.1.p. 112. Ie. Pl. t. 957.

Hab. Tropical Australia and adjacent islands—Habit of L. flabellulata, but thicker
o texture, and different in venation, The tertiary divisions, when present, are very
short,

37. L. (Syn.) lobata, Poir. ; rhizome short-creeping ; s¢. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect 5
Jr. simple or with a long unbranched apex, and 1 to 6 pairs of erecto-patent
branches, 3-6 in. 1. ; pinnd. about $ in. 1., ¢ in. br., the lower decurved principally
at the base, the outer margin rounded, the upper three or four times broadly not
deeply lobed, close-placed, but not imbricated ; zeztwre thinly pellucido-herbaceous ;
veins anastomising in the upper half of the lobes; sorz marginal in the lobes,
the inner valve of the énvol. narrow and membranous, the edge of the frond pro-
duced beyond it and scarcely altered.—L. recurvata, Wall. L. propinqua and
Es obtusa, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 222-4, t. 68. A. 66. B. and 70. A. L. nitens, Blume,
edit. 1. «

Hab. Neilgherries and Ceylon (up to 5,000 ft.), westward to Queensland and the
Polynesian Islands.—Much resembling L. davallioides in size and general appearance,
but the pinnules are deeper and not so much lobed, and the nervation and position of
the fruit differ. JZ. intermedia (Hk. t. 67. B.) appears to bea curious state of this
species, in which the pinnule shows a strong tendency towards the equilateral type of
form. Only the basal half of the lower moiety of the pagina is deficient, and the fruit
is continued round the edge of the rest.

88. L. (Syn.) davallioides, Blume ; rhizome short-creeping ; sf. 6-12 in. 1., firm,
erect ; fr. with along central point and 2 or 3 pairs of erecto-patent curved
branches, 4-8 in. 1.; pinne 4-6 lin. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the lower margin straight or
slightly curved, the upper with 4 to 6 regular rounded but not deep lobes, placed
close together but not imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; veins anasto-
mosing at the base of the lobes; sori marginal in the lobes.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 224.
#68. A. Davallia Kunzeana, &é. Sp. 1. p. 177.

Hab. Malayan peninsula and islands. Probably a more cut variety of the last.

§$§§ Schizoloma, Gaud. Pinnee equilateral ; veins more or less anastomosing.
Sp. 39-48. Fronds entire or simply pinnate, not pellucid.

* Fruit in a continuous line along both margins. Sp. 89-44.

89. L. (Schiz.) cordata, Gaud. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 8-6 in. I., slender,
erect, wiry ; barren frond 2-8 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., cordate-oblong, quite entire,
fertile one 3-6 in. 1., linear, entire or forked ; teatwre coriaceous ; sor? in a con-
tinuous marginal line— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 219. ¢. 66. A.

Hab. Malayan peninsula; rare.

_ 40. L, (Schiz.) Gueriniana, Gaud. ; rhizome creeping, paleaceous ; st. 4-6 in. 1. ;
jr. 6-9 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnw 3-2 in. 1., ovate or
oblong, nearly entire, horizontal or falcate, slightly auricled at the base on the
upper edge ; teature subcoriaceous ; soré in a continuous line along both margins.

—AHk, Sp. 1. p. 221, --

112 20. Linpsaya, §§§§ SCHIZOLOMA.

Hab. Malayan islands.—There is no specimen of this in the Hookerian Herbarium,
The pinne are said to be very deciduous,

Al. L. (Schiz.) ensifolia, Swartz ; rhizome creeping, stout, paleaceous ; st. 6-9
in. 1., wiry, flexuose ; /”. 6-12 in. L., 3-4 in. br., with a linear-lanceolate simple
or pinnatifid point, simply pinnate below ; pinne usually in numerous pairs, all
stalked, 1}-6 in. ].,-1 in. br., varying from linear-acuminate to lanceolate in
shape, only the sterile ones, which are broader than the others, a little toothed ;
texture herbaceous ; veins copiously anastomosing ; sori in a continuous marginal
line—Hk. Sp. 1. p. 220. Gard. Ft. 62. Hk. & Gr.t.111. 8, Agatii, Brack.
2.80. L. Griffithiana, Hz. Sp. 1. p. 219. ¢. 68. B. LL. pentaphylla, H&. Sp. 1.
p. 219, t. 67. A. L. lanceolata, Labill.

Hab. Hongkong, and 4,000 ft. in the Himalayas, southward to Queensland, and east-
ward to the Polynesian Islands, Mauritius, Madagascar, Natal, Cape Colony, and Guinea
coast.—This has quite the general habit of Pieris cretica, and is very variable in size and
the number of pinne. LZ. Grifithiana is an unbranched form.

42, L. (Schiz.) macrophylla, Kaulf. ; st.12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, polished ; 7.
about 12 in. 1., with an entire ovate undivided apex, about 6 in. 1., 2 in. br.;
pinne about as long but rather narrower, ovate-lanceolate, oblique at the base,
decurrent on a.short petiole, not toothed; ¢eetwre between herbaceous and
coriaceous ; sori in continuous submarginal lines.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 220.

Hab. Brazil and Guiana.—The inner valve of the involucre is a membranous line,
and the edge of the frond is produced beyond the line of the sorus, and cannot be said to
be altered in texture.

43, L. (Schiz.) Fraseri, Hk.; rhizome slender, creeping, fibrillose; st. 2-3
in. 1. slender, erect; /. 9-12 in. 1., lin. br., simply pinnate ; pinne in distant
pairs, the largest $-# in. 1., }-2 in. br., cordate-ovate, toothed above and some-
times deeply lobed at the base, the upper ones almost as broad as long ; texture
thinly herbaceous ; soré in a continuous marginal line.—&. Sp. 1.p. 221.7. 70. B.

Hab. Queensland.—It is not at all unlikely that this is a small delicate variety of
L. heterophylla.

44, L. (Schiz.) heterophylla, Dry.; rhizome short-creeping ; sf. 4-8 in. L,
firm, naked, erect; /r. 6-12 in. lL, 3-6 in. br., lanceolate or oblong-deltoid,
varying from simply pinnate, with large linear-lanceolate entire pinnae, to bipin-
nate, with erecto-patent branches, 3-4 in. l., with oblong lanceolate blunt pinnl,
a in. Ll, 3 in. br.; feature herbaceous ; sor? in continuous marginal lines

h. Sp. 1. p. 223,

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Hongkong, Malayan peninsula and islands.—The pinne
or pinnules of the barren frond are slightly toothed. Z. cuneata, Willd., is this species
from the Mauritius, ;

** Diellia, Brack. Sori not quite marginal, transversely oblong or linear, the
outer valve of the involucre membranaceous, similar in shape to the sorus, but the

Jrond on the other side usually produced beyond them and not altered in texture.
Sp. 45-48.

45. L. (Diellia) pumila, Wk. MSS. (non Kiotesch) ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry,
blackish, polished; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., simply pimnate ; pinne 4-6 lin. 1.,
14-2 lin. br., ovate-rhomboidal, rounded at the point, slightly undulated,
auricled at the base on the upper side ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; veins immersed ;
sori transversely oblong, submarginal.—Diellia pumila, Brack. p. 219,

Hab. Sandwich Islands.—A very distinct plant, with the habit of a large form of
Asplenium Trichomanes.

20*. picryoxipHitw. 21. apiasTUM. 113

46. L. (Diellia) erecta, Hk. MSS. ; st. 6-9 in. L, strong, erect, polished, chesnut-
brown ; /r. 9-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br., lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinne 1-2 in. 1,
2-3 im. br., linear-lanceolate, slightly undulated at the margin, the upper half
rather the broadest and auricled at the base, the lower ones shorter and broader ;
texture herbaceous ; sort 2 to 3 times as long as broad, falling short cf the margin.
—Diellia erecta, Brack. t. 31. f. 2.

Hab. Sandwich Islands,

47. L. (Diellia) falcata, Hk. MSS.; s#. 3-4 in. 1, strong, erect, densely
paleaceous ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 2-4 in. br., lanceolate, simply pinnate; pinne 1-2
in. L, 3-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, slightly undulated at the
margin, the upper half rather broadest and auricled at the base, the lower ones
very short and blunt ; fezture herbaceous ; sori marginal, transversely oblong.—
Diellia falcata, Brack. t. 31. f. 1.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.—Distinguished from D. erecta by its short paleaceous stem
and marginal cori.

48. L. (Diellia) Michleriana, Eaton ; st. slender, elongated, slightly paleaceous ;
Jr. 12-15 in. 1, ovate-lanceolate in general outline, pmmnate below with pinne
35 in. 1, 1 in. br., the upper half linear, unduiated at the margin; ‘ezture
papyraceo-herbaceous; reins forming hexagonal areol# with free included
veinlets ; sori nearly marginal, transversely oblong or linear, the outer valve of
the involucre the same shape as the sorus, but the margin of the frond produced
beyond it and unaltered.—Laton, Fil. Wright § Fendi. p. 213.

Hab. Cataract of Truando, New Granada, S-hett, No. 8.—A very curious plant, with
the venation of Dictyociphium, but quite different in the fruit, which agrees very well
with that of the three species for which Diellia was proposed as a genus.

Gen. 20%. Dicrroxrpmitu, Hook.

Sort marginal, continuous. Jnrol. like that of Lindsaya, but the outer valve
obsolete.—A single species with anastomosing areolar tenation and free included
veinlas, Tan. 2. f. 20. B. erroneously represents the inner instead of the outer
valve of the involucre as suppressed.

1. D. panamense, Hk.; fr. tufted, sessile, 2-3 ft. 1, the barren one 2-3 in.,
the fertile 3-1 in. br., narrowed from the middle gradually downwards, quite
entire ; tezture subcoriaceous, the midrib strong and prominent; soré in a con-
tinuous marginal line.—HE&. Sp. 1. p. 224. Amphiblestra simplex, Fourn.

Hab. Tropical “America, from Guatemala to New Granada —When the involucre is
rolled over the sorus, the latter appears to be placed on the upper surface of the frond.

Trize 6. Preripea.

Sori marginal, oblong or near. Incol. of the same shape as the sorus, formed of a
more or less changed and reflexed portion of the frond, opening inwardly. GER.
21-33.

Ges. 21, Aprastum, Z. (See page 472.)

Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually numerous and
distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous. Jnvof. the same shape as the
sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of the fronds bearing the capsules on its
under side. A large genus, which has its head-quarters in Tropical America, most
of the species of which are recognizable from all other Ferns but the typical Lindsaye

P

114 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

by the texture and one-sidedness of their segments. One group has flabellato-cuneate
segments, but still without any distinct midrib, whilst a few species have equilateral
segments, and approach in habit Pteris and Schizoloma. The veins only anastomose
in four species out of sixty, Tas. II. f. 21.

§ Euadiantum. Veins not anastomosing.+ Sp. 1-57.
* Frond simple.—Sp. 1-2. ay

1. A. reniforme, L.; st. tufted, polished, chesnut-brown, 4-6 in. 1.; jr. or-
bicular-reniform, 14-23 in. across, with usually a broad nee sinus; texture
subcoriaceous; sori all round the edge, 14-8 lin. br.—HZ&. Sp. 2. p. 2.t. 71. A.
Fil. Exot.'t. 8.—B, A. asarifolium, Willd. ; st. stronger, 6-12 in. 1.5 fr. 2-4
in. br., thicker in texture, with a deep narrow sinus, the basal lobes sometimes
even overlapping.—HE. Sp. 2. p. 2.¢. 71. B. Fil, Exot. t. 11.

Hab. a, Madeira and Teneriffe ; 8, Mauritius and Bourbon.

2. A. Parishii, Hk.; st. tufted, slender, naked, dark-brown, polished, 3-4
in. 1. ; fr. 4-1 in. each way, suborbicular, slightly undulated, cuneate at the
base ; ¢ezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins not prominent; soré few, placed in
crenations of the frond, $ in. br.—&. Sp. 2. p. 237. v. 3, t.142. A. Fil, Exot.t. 51.

Hab. Moulmein, Malayan Peninsula ; discovered by the Rev. C. 8S, Parish.

** Radicantes-group.—Frond essentially simply pinnate, the rachis often elongated
and taking root at the apex. Sp. 3-6.

3. A. lunulatum, Burm. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., tufted, wiry, naked, polished, dark
chesnut-brown ; /r. 6-12 in. 1, 2-3 in. br., simply pinnate, often elongated and
rooting at the extremity ; pinnw 3-14 in. br., $-1 in. deep, subdimidiate, the
lower edge nearly in a line or oblique with the petiole, the upper edge rounded
and, like the bluntly-rounded sides, usually more or less lobed; petioles of the
lower ones spreading, }-4 in. 1.; teetwre papyraceo-herbaceous, the rachis and
both surfaces naked; sor in continuous lines along the edge.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 11.
Hk, & Gr. t. 104. A. dolabriforme, Hk. Jc. Pl.¢.191. A. deflectens, Mart.
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 12.—B, A. tremulum, Kunze; whole plant more slender, the pin-
nules smaller and more membranaceous.—A. filiforme, Gardn. Hk. Ic, Pi. t. 503.
Sp. 2. p. 15.

Hab. Hongkong, Cochin China, Himalayas (4,000 ft.), southward to Polynesian
Islands and Tropical Australia, Madagascar, Zambesi Land, Angola, Guinea, Cape
Verde Islands, Tropical America, from Mexico southward to the Organ Mountains.—
An easily-recognizable and widely-diffused species. The two varieties are evidently
connected together by gradual intermediate stages, When the upper edge of the pinnz
is much lobed, the sori appear transversely oblong, but in some of the specimens the line
is quite continuous. A. Philippense, Linn., adopted from Petiver, though described by
Linneus as simple, is figured by Petiver as pinnate, and is doubtless this species.

4. A. Capillus-Junonis, Ruprecht; st. slender, polished, blackish, 2-8 in. 1. ;
Jr. 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., simply pinnate with a terminal pinna, or prolonged and
rooting at the extremity ; pénne in 3 to 6 distant opposite pairs, 4 in. br., 3-2 in.
deep, suborbicular, nearly entire or slightly lobed, shortly stalked; texture
pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; sor? few round the outer edge,
not contiguous, roundish or transversely oblong. A cantoniense, Hance.

+ Except casually in A. macrophyllwm, lucidum, and perhaps some other species,

21. apianrum, § EUADIANTUM. 115

Hab. Ramparts of Canton, Hance, 7542.—This much resembles A. tremulum ; but the
petioles are shorter, and the lower pinnz opposite and round, not dimidiate.

5. A. caudatum, Linn.; st. 2-4 in. 1, tufted, wiry, spreading, dark chesnut-
brown, tomentose ; /r. 6-12 in. l., simply pinnate, often elongated and rooting at
the extremity ; pinne 3-3 in. 1., in. deep, dimidiate, nearly sessile, the lower
line straight and horizontal, the upper rounded, more or less cut, often deeply
and repeatedly, the point usually blunt, the lower ones slightly stalked ; texture
coriaceous, the veins prominent, the rachis and both surfaces of the frond villose ;
sort roundish or transversely oblong on the edge of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 13.
Ex. Fi. t. 104.—8, A. rhizophorum, Swartz; pinne and rachis nearly or quite
glabrous.—A. Edgeworthii, H&. Sp. 2. p. 14. ¢. 81. B.

Hab, Arabia Felix, Himalayas (3,000 ft.), and Hongkong, southward to Ceylon and
Java, Cape Colony, Mauritius, Zambesi Land, Angola, banks of the Niger, and Cape
Verde Islands.—A. soboliferum, Wallich (Hk. Sp. v. 2. t. 74. A.), appears to be a form
of this with winged petioles and stipes. A similiar form of A. lunulatum, which is A.
pteropus, R. Br. MSS., has been gathered by Drs. Kirk and Welwitsch in South Africa.

6. A. caleareum, Gard. st. slender, filiform, 2-3 in. 1., polished, blackish,
naked; fr. 4-6 in. 1. or prolonged and rooting at the extremity ; pinnae 4-4
in. br., } in. deep, varying in shape from a quarter to nearly half a circle, lobed
from the circumference towards the centre 2 or 3 times half the way down, and
the main lobes again cleft less deeply; texture thinly herbaceous; rachis and
both surfaces naked; sorz roundish or transversely oblong, placed in small
depressions at the apex of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 2. p.15. Ic. Pl. t. 467.

Hab. Province of Goyaz, Brazil; gathered by Mr. Gardner.—A more tender plant
than A, caudatum, which is not known in America, but not clearly distinct.

*** Polysorus group.—Fronds once or more pinnate, the fruit in numerous
roundish or oblong or transversely reniform marginal patches. Sp. 7-81.

+ Ultimate segments not dimidiate, but having two more or less distinctly opposite
rows of sori, Sp. 7-12.

7. A. Kaulfussit, Kunze; st. 4-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, polished, blackish ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with a large terminal lobe and 1 to 12 alternate pinne
on each side, the lowest 2-3 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., cordate and auricled broadly at
the base above, roundly cut away on the lower side, slightly stalked, and
those of the barren frond slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ;
sori in interrupted marginal lines.—Hk. Sp. 2. p.7. Hk. & Gr. t. 190,

Hab. Mexico and West Indies, southward to Brazil and Peru.—This is A. denticu-
latum, Swartz, according to an original specimen in the British Museum.

8. A. obliqguum, Willd ; st. 3-6 in. 1, erect, wiry, polished, blackish, slightly
pubescent ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with a terminal lobe and 8 to 12 pairs of
alternate pinne, the lowest 1-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., costate nearly to the apex, the
upper half the largest, rounded at the base, the lower half obliquely truncate at
the base, shortly stalked, those of the barren frond slightly toothed ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ; sort in numerous interrupted marginal patches
1-2 lin. br.—HE&. Sp. 2. p. 8. t. 79. A.

Hab, West Indian Islands, Columbia, and Guiana.—Very doubtfully distinct from
A. Kaulfussii. The characters relied upon are the thicker texture of this, its more con-
tinuous sori, and the absence of a glaucous tinge on the under side of the leaves, In
Flora Brasiliensis I have joined them as two varieties of A. platyphyllum, Swartz.

116 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

9. A. Galeottianum, Hk.; st. 8-4 in. 1, naked, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
wiry, polished ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., simply pinnate, or branched at the base ;
pinne in numerous opposite pairs, 2 in. each way, suborbicular, nearly entire,
slightly stalked ; texture coriaceous; veins very close and fine but prominent;
sort obversely veniform, about 1 lin. across, placed in shallow sinuses all round
the frond.—H7&. Sp. 2. p. 10. t. 80. B.

Hab. Mexico, province of Oaxcaca, at an elevation of 3,000 ft., Galeotti, 6561.—A very
distinct species, easily recognized by its large round equal-sided pinnules. The venation
is very clearly marked on the under side of the frond, but is quite fabellate, and there is
no central rib which is stronger than the others.

10. A. peruvianum, Klotzsch; st. 6-9 in. L, strong, erect, nearly black,
polished, naked ; fr. simply pinnate, or with 1-3 branches at the base, or even
with some of the latter again slightly branched; pinnules 2 in. or more br.,
14 in. deep, unequally ovate, cuneate at the base, sometimes with an
acuminated point, finely toothed and lobed round the upper and outer edge, the
lowest on stalks 4-2 in. 1.; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; gor? in interrupted patches round the sides of the pinnules.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 85. t. 81. C.

Hab. Peru; gathered by Mathews, and lately again by Spruce.—A very fine and

well-marked species, which the size and shape of its pinnules will readily distinguish in
the group.

11. A. subcordaitum, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, naked,
polished ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 1 ft. br., deltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinne deltoid, 1 ft. 1.
6-9 in. br. ; segm. about 2 in. 1, 1 in. br., ovate-acuminate, equal at the base, or
the lower side obliquely truncate, slightly lobed, on stalks 3-3 in. 1. ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; soré in roundish or trans-

versely oblong patches along both sides.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 84. A. betulinum,
Kaulf. ;

Hab, Guiana and Brazil.—This resembles in general habit A. trapeziforme, but differs

in the shape of the pinnules, which are equilateral or slightly oblique at the base on the
lower side.

12. A. intermedium, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1, erect, strong, polished, but
somewhat tomentose ; fr. with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1, 2-3 in. br., and
1 to 3 small spreading lateral ones on each side ; pémni. 1-14 in. 1., 4-4 in. br.,
unequal-sided, but not dimidiate, the lower half being the smallest, about the
inner third being cut off, the point bluntish or acute, the inner edge nearly
parallel with the stem, the upper nearly straight, scarcely toothed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis tomentose ; sori in interrupted marginal patches, 1-2 lin.
across, placed round the upper edge and outer two-thirds of the lower one.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 25. A. fovearum, Raddi. A. triangulatum, Kaulf

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro.—A_ widely-diffused and well-known species, distinguished from A. tetraphyllum
by the outer edge being often brought downso as to be parallel with the upper edge,

oe we have two opposite rows of sori instead of one at an acute angle with the
other. .

tt Ultimate segments dimidiate, the stems naked and polished. Sp. 18-20.

13. A. Shepherdi, Hk.; st. 3-4 in. 1., naked, polished, blackish ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
simply pinnate; pimne #? in. br., 3-2 deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly
straight, the upper rounded and, like the two bluntly rounded sides, broadly
lobed, quite sessile and usually reflexed, so that the pinnules of the opposite sides
of the rachis are brought face to face, the inner quarter of the blade being
imbricated over the stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. es

sori numerous, obversely reniform, as deep as broad, placed in distinct hollows
round the outer edge.— Hk. Sp, 2. p. 9. t. 73. B.

Hab. Mexico, gathered originally by Mr. Bates in 1834; and fine specimens have
been received lately from Morelia from Mr. Glennie.—In the texture of the frond and
form of the sori this curious plant closely resembles A. Galeottianum, but the stem is
quite simple, so far as we know, the form of the pinnules quite different, and the habit
is very peculiar.

14. A. sinuosum, Gard.; st. 4-8 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, nearly black ;
Jr. with a long terminal central pinna, 2-3 in. br., and 1 or 2 pairs of erecto-
patent branches at the base ; pinni. 14-in. br., 3-3 in. deep, the lower line obliquely
decurved, tne upper irregularly rounded -and deeply lobed, the lobes again
crenate, the tower \ones on stalks 3-4 in. 1.3 teature papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked ; sori obreniform, placed in rounded sinuses of the
crenations of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 55. Ic. Pl. t. 504.

Hab. Brazil, Gardner, 3552, Burchell, 6752 ; and a similar plant has been gathered by
Prof. Jameson near Guyaquil.—This resembles most A. Capillus-veneris in the segments.
They come generally about halfway between the flabellato-cuneate and truly dimidiate
types of form, so that its position may be said to be about midway between that species
and A. trapeatforme.

15. A. diaphanum, Blume ; st. 4-8 in. 1, slender, erect, blackish, polished ;
Jr. 4-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., simply pinnate or with 1 to 3 branches at the base, which
are sometimes nearly as large as the terminal one ; pinnl. 4 in. br., 3 in. deep,
the lower line rather decurved, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate like
the blunt outer edge; texture thin; rachis naked, surfaces nearly so; soré
obversely reniform, numerous, but not contiguous, placed in the sinuses of the
upper and outer edge—Hk. Sp. 2. p.11.t.80.C. A. affine, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 32.
non Willd. A. setulosum, J. Sm.

Hab. 8. E. China, Aneiteum, Java, Fiji, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, N. Zealand, N.S.
Wales.—This is nearest the next species, but is much less braufched, and the pinnules are
thinner in texture. In habit it shows an approximation towards the pedate group. It
is not unlikely that A. erectum, Kunze (Bot. Zeit. 1848, p. 211), is the same.

16. A. affine, Willd. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, polished, blackish, glossy ; fr. with a
terminal central pinna 4-6 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., and several smaller erecto-patent
lateral ones, the lowest of which are again branched ; pinn/. $-2 in. 1., } in. deep,
dimidiate, the lower edge straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate like
the oblique or bluntly rounded outer edge ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
surfaces quite naked, the latter very glaucous; sor? numerous, roundish, placed
in small hollows round the upper and outer edge.—A. Cunninghami, Ak. Sp. 2.
p. 52. t. 86. A. (mot A. affine, H%., which is A. diaphanum, Blume).

Hab. New Zealand.—A somewhat variable plant in branching and the size of the

segments, but not likely to be confused with any other, especially as it is known only in
New Zealand.

17. A. nigrescens, Fée ; st. 6-12 in. 1, strong, erect, naked, blackish, polished ;
Jr. 6-9 in. 1, 46 in. br., with a terminal pinna and several lateral ones on each
side, the lowest of which are again branched; segm. about 4 in. 1., } in. br.,
dimidiate, the upper and lower margins nearly parallel, the point bluntly rounded,
the upper ana outer edges finely toothed; ¢extwre coriaceous; rachis nearly

naked, polished, surfaces naked ; sori in transversely oblong patches along the
upper edge.—Fée, Icon, t. 11. fi 2.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L’Herminier.—Probably this should be regarded as a subglabrous

state of A. cristatum. From all the species placed near, it may be known by its coriaceous
and much smaller segments.

118 21, ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

18. A. trapesiforme, L.; st. 6-12 in. L, firm, erect, naked, polished, blackish ;
Jr. with a eontral pinnae 4-8. in. L, 2-8 in. br., and 2 to 4 large spreading ones on
each side, the lowest of which are often branched again; segm. 1-2 in. l.,
$-j in. br., dimidiate, the sides nearly parallel, the outer edge oblique, both it
and the upper one bluntly, not deeply lobed, the lowest on stalks 3-4 in. l. ; feature
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; sor? numerous, con-
tiguous, transversely oblong, placed round the upper and outer edge.—Z&. Sp. 2.
p. 83. Hk. & Gr. t. 98.—8, A. pentadactylon, L. & F.; lower margin of the
segments somewhat decurved obliquely from the petiole.—y, A. cultratum,
J. Sm. ; outer edge of the segment bluntly rounded.—/Z&. Sp. 2. p. 34.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil_—A
well-known plant, readily distinguished from its neighbours by its ample trapezoid seg-
ments. A. Catherine of the gardens appears not to differ materially.

19. A. polyphyllum, Willd. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, polished,
rather scabrous; /r. 2-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the upper part simply pinnate ;
lower pinne sometimes 1 ft. 1., Gin. br., with a long terminal and numerous
erecto-patent lateral pinnules; segm. 3-1 in. 1., fin. deep, dimidiate, the upper
and lower edge nearly parallel, the point bluntly rounded, the upper edge
sharply but not deeply toothed ; éewtwre coriaceous, veins prominent ; rachis and
surfaces naked ; soré in numerous suborbicular patches placed in hollows in lobes
along the upper edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 49. A. cardiochlana, Kunze, Hh. Sp. 2.
p. 50. t. 88. A. A. Matthewsianum, Hh. Sp. 2. p. 35. t. 84. A. A. macro-
cladum, Klotesch, Hk, Sp. 2. p. 49. t. 83. B.

Hab. Columbia and Peru.—A large copiously-branched plant, with very numerous
(sometimes fifty to a pinna) closely-placed subsessile segments. A. tomentoswm, Klotzsch
(A. Kloteschianum, Hk.), and A. urophyllum, Hk., seem forms of this with slightly-
pubescent rachises,

20. A. glaucescens, Klotzsch ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, polished ;
fr. 1 ft. each way, with a terminal pinnae and several loosely-spreading ones on
each side; pinnl. 3-1 in. 1, 4-2 in. deep, dimidiate, the lower border nearly
straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, almost entire, the outer margin
bluntly rounded, the lowest on short stalks; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachises naked, under surface glaucous; sor? in numerous patches, 1-14 lin.
br., with a space between them, placed round the upper and outer edge.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 26.

Hab. Ecuador, Guiana, and north of Brazil_—Perhaps this also is not distinct from
A. polyphyliwm, but it is less copiously branched, and the segments are fewer and thinner
in texture.

**% Ultimate segments dimidiate, the stems pubescent. Sp. 21-31.

21. A. Henslovianum, Hk. fil. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked,
glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate tripinnate, furnished with numerous
distant pinn@ on each side, the upper of which are simple, but the lowest slightly
branched ; segm. 4-3 in. br., }-2 in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
the upper rather rounded, a good deal lobed, the point bluntly rounded ; teature
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachzs and under surface hairy; sori obversely reniform,
placed in the hollows of the lobes of the upper and outer edge.— H&. Sp. 2. p. 48.
A. sessilifolium, H%. p. 44. A. Reichenbachii, Moritz. A. letum, Mett.

Hab. Columbia, Peru, Galapagos group.—-This is well-marked amongst its neighbours
by the shape of its segments, the inner edge of which is often imbricated over the rachis,
as in A. Shepherdi and concinnwm, and by the reniform sori which encircle a very distinct
hollow.

22. A, eristatum, L.; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, tomentose ; /r. 14-8 ft., L.

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM, 119

9-12 in. br., with a terminal central pinna 6-9 in. |, 1-1} in. br., and numerous
rather distant lateral ones on each side, the lowest of which are sometimes again
branched ; segm. 4-3 in. 1., 3-# in. br., dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
the upper nearly parallel or rounded, the point blunt, texture coriaceous ; rachis
tomentose ; sori in several oblong or linear patches round the upper and outer
edge.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 46. A. Kunzeanum, Klotzsch. Ak, Sp. 2. p. 47.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela.—This species and the two next are distinguished
from their neighbours by their smaller and more rigid segments, They bear the same
relation to A. tetraphyllwm that Lindsaya stricta bears to £. Guianensis and trapeziformis.

23. A. obtusum, Desv. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished, blackish, slightly
tomentose ; fr. with a terminal and several pairs of erecto-patent lateral pinne ;
pinnl. 4-3 in. br., 13-2 lin. deep, subdimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
without sori, the upper bluntly rounded, nearly entire, placed close, and the
lower slightly stati etl texture coriaceous, venation flabellate ; rachis often
densely tomentose ; sori in numerous close transversely oblong patches round
the upper and outer edge.—Hh. Sp. 2.9.19. Hk. & Gr. t. 188.—B, A. Kunze,
Miquel; pinnules larger, sometimes }-3 in. br., in. deep.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Panama southward to Peru and Rio Janeiro.—This
comes very near in habit and texture to A. eristatum, from which it may be best known
by its closer, more numerous, and shorter sori. A plant gathered by Barter in the
Niger Expedition appears to agree with the copious American specimens. The oldest
name is A, serrato-dentatum, Willd.

24, A. hirtum, Klotzsch ; st. 6-9 in. 1. wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown, tomentose ; /r. with a terminal and several pairs of erecto-patent lateral
pinne ; pinnl. %-4 in. br., 15-2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the lower line straight and
barren, the upper bluntly rounded, finely toothed, placed close, and the lower
slightly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; venation fine, prominent, under surface
slightly and rachis very tomentose ; soré transversely oblong, placed in small
lobes of the upper and outer margin.—Hk&. Sp. 2. p. 20. t. 82. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from Panama and Guiana southward to Peru and Brazil.—
This is more closely and regularly branched than the two preceding, with the segments
longer in proportion to their breadth, and the sori very close, small, and numerous.

25. A. formcsum, R. Br. ; sf. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, scabrous ; fr. 18-24
in. ]., 12-18 in. br., tri- or even quadripinnate ; lower pinnew 12-15 in. 1., 6-9 in.
br., deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid ; wit. segm. 4-2 in. br., 13-2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the
lower edge straight, the upper rather rounded and deeply lobed, the outer also
oblique and lobed, the lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
glossy, scabrous ; sor? numerous, between obreniform and transversely oblong,
placed at the edge of the lobes along the upper and outer margin.—Hz&. Sp. 2,
p. 51.4. 86. B.

Hab. Temperate Australia and New Zealand.—This has pinnules as small but not
nearly so thick and rigid as in the three preceding. It comes from a different part of the
world, and the ample compound pinnz will at once distinguish it from all its allies.

26. A. cubense, Hk.; st. 4-6 in. 1, polished, blackish, naked, erect ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., 1-13 in. br., simply pinnate, or with a single pair of short erecto-patent
branches ; pinnl. 2 in. br., 3 in. deep, unilateral, the lower line slightly recurved,
the upper rounded and broadly lobed, the outer edge blunt, lowest short-stalked ;
texture pellucido-herbaceous : rachis slightly pupescent ; sord in shallow hollows
of the lobes, 1-14 lin. br.— 7A. Sp. 2. p. 8. t. 73. A.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba.—This species is marked by the simple or slightly-branched
stem and character of the sori, which are not more than five or six in number, and placed
in the centre of distinct hollows along the upper and outer edge.

120 21. ADIANTUM, § EVADIANTUM.

27. A. fuloum, Raoul ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark chesnut-brown,
rough below, with strong hairs ; /r. 9-12 in. 1, 6-8 in. br., deltoid in general out-
line, with a terminal pinna 4-6 in. l., about 14 in. br., and several erecto-patent
branches, the lower of which are branched again ; pin. about 2 in. |., t in. deep,
dimidiate, the lower edge hearly straight, the upper almost parallel, with sharply~
toothed lobes like the oblique outer edge ; feature papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
glossy, but scabrous and rather hairy ; sori large, numerous, obversely reniform,
placed in small depressions round the upper and outer edge.—ZZ&. Sp. 2. p. 52.
. 85. A.

Hab. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, N.S. Wales, and FijiiVery variable in the
shape of its pinnules. It is much less compound than A. formoswm, and the pinnules are
larger.

28. A. pulchellum, Blume ; st. 6-12 in. 1, erect, naked, polished, nearly black ;
fr. a foot or more each way, with a terminal central pinna 6-9 in. 1., 13 in. br.,
and a few large spreading lateral ones on each side, the lower ones branched again
with 2 to 4 erecto-patent branches ; segm. 4-3 in. 1., 3-2 in. deep, dimidiate, the
lower line upcurved, the upper nearly straight, slightly toothed ; texture cori-
aceous ; rachis tomentose ; sori small, numerous, roundish, placed on the upper
edge—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 88. A. Lobbianum, Hé. Sp. 2. p, 61. t. 86. C.

Hab. Java; our specimens gathered by Lobb.—This comes very near A. fulvum in
the shape, size, and texture of the segments, but isa larger plant with a more hairy
rachis.

29. A. crenatum, Willd. ; st. 6-9'in. 1., polished, blackish, naked or nearly s0 ;
Jr. with a terminal central inna 6-9 in. 1., and several large erecto-patent lateral
ones on each side, the lowest of which are branched again ; segm. 3-2 in. L., + in.
deep, dimidiate, the lower line upcurved, the upper nearly straight, slightly crenate ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly tomentose ; sovd numerous, round, placed on
the upper and sometimes the outer edge.—A. Wilesianum, H&. Sp. 2. p. 50.
é. 83. C.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands.—This also comes very near A. tetraphyllum,
but the rachis is only very slightly tomentose, and the main stem is glossy and polished,
and the segments are perhaps more papyraceous in texture. A. politum, H. B. K., is
referred here by Sprengel. :

80. A. pectinatum, Kunze ; st. 13-2 ft. L, strong, erect, nearly black, scabrous;
Jr. 3-6 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br., tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
their lower branches with a long terminal pinnule and several erecto-patent
lateral ones, the lowest of which are sometimes brariched again; segm. 3 in. br.,
less than } in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line straight, the upper slightly rounded,
the point not very blunt ; rachis tomentose ; surfaces naked; sor? suborbicular,
numerous, placed round the upper and outer edge.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, No. 7416 ; Eastern Peru, Spruce, 4781.—A very fine plant, which
size and babit at once clearly characterize.

31. A. tetraphyllum, Willd.; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, tomentose ; ./*. with
a long terminal pinna 6-9 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., and numerous erecto-patent or
spreading lateral ones nearly as large on both sides, so that the frond is not
unfrequently half a yard long by nearly es much broad ; segz. 4-2 in. br., } in.
deep, subdimidiate, the lower line straight er somewhat decurved, the uppe1
nearly parallel, fwely toothed, the outer edge very oblique ; teatwre coriaceous ;
rachis and under surface tomentose; sori interrupted, marginal, usually trans-
versely oblong or transversely reniform, placed round the upper and outer

edge.—A. prionophyllum, 7. B.K. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 21. A. Lancea, Baker, in Fi.
Bras. non Linn,

21, aplantum, § EUVADIANTUM. 121

Hab, Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil;
gathered also in West Tropical Africa by| Barter, Vogel, and Mann.—A. fructuosum,

Spreng. Hk. Sp. 2. 24. A. Hendersoni, Linden, Ill. Hort. tome 20. t. 127, is a variety
with small blunt pinnules.

**%% Oligosorous group—Frond once or more pinnate, the fruit in continuous
or slightly interrupted marginal lines. Sp. 82-40. Synechia, Fée.

t Segments with a line of fruit on both sides, therefore not dimidiate. Sp. 82-36.

82. A. lucidum, Swartz; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, scabrous, tomentose ; fr.
9-15 in, 1., 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal pinna and 6 to 10
lateral ones on each side, or the lowest very slightly branched, 3-4 in. 1., $-1 in.
br., nearly equal-sided, but obliquely truncate at the base below, lanceolate-
acuminate, slightly serrated towards the point; texture coriaceous; rachis
densely tomentose ; veins free or anastomosing casually towards the edge, midrib
distinct ; soré in a continuous row along each side.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 4. t. 79. C.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Panama southward to Brazil.—This comes so near the
polysorous A. obliqguum in everything but the fruit, that Dr. Grisebach unites them.

33. A. Phyllitidis, J. Smith ; st. strong, erect, naked, nearly black, polished,
6-12 in. 1.; 7. 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal
lobe, and 1 to 6 pinne on each side, or the lower pair again branched below ;
pinne 3-4 in. 1., #-14 in. br., ovate or lanceolate-acuminate, very nearly entire,
narrowed or rather rounded and stalked at the base; teatwre coriaceous ; sord in
a continuous line along both margins.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 5. t. 72. B.

Hab. Guiana and Eastern Peru ; gathered by Schomburgk, Spruce, and Appun.—This
comes very near A. lucidum, but the pinne are fewer in number and broader, and the tex-
ture is thicker, and the venation consequently less distinct. They are the only polyso-
rous species with a distinct midrib, and the shape of the pinne also characterizes them
clearly.

34. A. macrophylium, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1, strong, erect, polished, naked,
nearly black; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate (4 to 6 pairs of pinna) ;
lower ones of the barren frond 8-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., ovate, so broad at the base that
the opposite ones frequently overlap, the margin rather deeply lobed, fertile ones
narrower ; texture membranaceo-herbaceous ; sorz in long continuous or slightly
infemmupled marginal lines —Hh. Sp. 2. p. 3. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 182. Hh. F.

@, t. 55.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands southward to Brazil and Ecuador.—Occasionally
this fine and well-known species becomes bipinnate in the lower part. The young fronds
are often beautifully tinged with red. Its large equal-sided sessile pinnae mark it
clearly.

35. A. Seemanni, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1, erect, blackish, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1,
simply pinnate or the lower branches compound ; pinnl. 3-4 in. L, 13-2 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, but rather unequal-sided, the barren ones finely serrated, one
side usually cordate at the base, the other obliquely truncate, petioles of the
lowest nearly an inch long ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins prominent and the
under surface glaucous ; rachis naked, polished ; sori in long continuous marginal
lines.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 5. t. 81. A. A. populifolium, Mart,

Hab, Veraguas and Guatemala, Dr. Seemann, Messrs. Salvin and Godman; Brazil,
Martius.—This also is a very fine plant. It comes very near the polysorus A. perwvi-
anum in habit, but is less branched. The pinne are larger even than those of A. macro-
phyllum, and have black polished stalks often an inch long,

36. A. deltoidewm, Swartz; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. L, wiry, erect, polished,
Q

122 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

naked, dark chesnut-brown ; 7, 4-Gin. 1, 2 in. br., with a terminal lobe“and
numerous subopposite pairs of pinnw, the lower ones distant, distinctly stalked,
3 in. 1, #8 in. br., hastate-deltoid, cordate or cuneate at the base; teature
pellucido-herbaceous ; venation flabellate ; sori in interrupted lines along the
sides of the pinne, not reaching the rounded apex.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 9.

Hab. West Indian Islands,—Stem casually once branched below. A very clearly-
marked species, The pinne resemble an ivy-leaf in miniature, but there is no clearly-
defined central midrib.

tt Segments dimidiate, with the line of fruit absent altogether from the lower
margin. Sp. 37-40.

87. A. villosum, Linn.; st. 9-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, polished,
tomentose ; 7. with a terminal central and several ae pee pinne on each
side, 6-12 in. l., 14-2 in. br. ; pinnl. dimidiate, about 1 in. 1., § in. br., the lower
line nearly straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, but considerably larger,
slightly toothed and the outer edge auricled at the base; feature coriaceous ;
rachises tomentose, both surfaces naked; sori in a continuous line round the
upper and outer edge.—H&. Sp. 2.p.18. A. faleatum, Sw. &. Fp. 19.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Brazil,—Easily recognizable by having
the line of fructification continued all along the upper and then usually down the oblique
outer edge. A. oblique-truncatum, Fée, seems to be the ordinary form of this species.

38. A. pulverulentum, L.; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, tomentose ;
Jr. with a terminal pinna and several spreading lateral ones en each side, which
are 4-8 in. |., Lin. br.; péand. 3 in. 1, 14-2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the lower line
nearly straight, the upper one nearly parallel, both it and the outer edge finely
toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises tomentose, surfaces naked; sord in
a oe line along the lower two-thirds of the upper edge.—&. Sp. 2.
p. 17.

Hab. West Indies southward to Brazil.—Here the line of fruit does not usually extend
beyond the inner half or two-thirds of the upper margin,

39. A. incisum, Presl; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, polished, naked, nearly black ; 7.
6-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., simply pinnate or with one or two pairs of short spreading
branches at the base ; pinn@ 1-2 in. 1., $-4 in. deep, subdimidiate, the lower line
often considerably curved upwards and toothed in its outer half, the upper one
also more or less faleate and not deeply lobed ; tewtwre subcoriaceous ; rachis
nearly naked ; sord in a continuous marginal line on the edge of the lower two-
thirds of the upper margin.— Hs. Sp. 2.p.16. A. alarconianum, Gaud,

Hab. West of Mexico and Columbia, Galapagos Island.—Very near A. pulverulentum,
with which it quite agrees in the fruit, The frond is less branched, and the pinnules
are larger and more toothed.

a

40. A. microphyllum, Kaulf. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, tomentose ; fr. with a
terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., and several erecto-patent lateral ones on each side, the
lowest of which are branched again ; segm. $-2 in. 1., } in. br., unequal-sided,
with a midrib, the lower at first at a right ‘angle with the stem and afterwards
decidedly upcurved, the upper nearly entire, upcurved, so that the segment is
falcate and narrowed to an acute point; texture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose or
Ser naked ; soré in a few elongated patches along the upper edge.—Hé. Sp. 2.
p. 47.

Hab. West Indies, rare.—Very doubtfully distinct from A. pulverulentum. In habit
and general appearance they are identical, but this has the line of fructification slightly
interrupted. Grisebach suggests that this is probably A. pyramidale, Willd.

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. - 123

wee Capillus-Veneris group. Fronds at least bipinnate, segments flabellato-
cuneate, with the petiole near the centre, sori obversely reniform. Sp. 41-51.

41. A. Capillus-Veucris, u.3 st. suberect, rather slender, 4-9 in. 1., polished,
blackish, naked ; /. wit} a short terminal and numerous erecto-patent lateral
branches on each side, the lowest slightly branched again ; segm. 4-1 in. br., the
base cuneate, the outer edge rounded, deeply lobed from the circumference in
the direction of the centre, and the lobes again bluntly crenated, lowest petioles
fin. 1; tewture pellucido-herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked; ‘soré
roundish or obreniform, placed in roundish sinuses of the crenations.—H&. Sp. 2.
p. 86. Brit, F.t. 41. A. pseudo-capillus, Fée, Icon, t. 12. f. 1. B

: :

Hab. Europe, from 8. W. Britain, Jura, and Tyrol, to Greece, Sicily, and Portugal.
Africa: Abyssinia, Western Islands, Niger Valley, Angola, Cape Colony, Natal, Zam-
besi Land, Mascaren Isles, Barbary States. Asia : Caucasus, Ural, Syria, Persia,
Arabia, Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Bombay, 8. E. China and Japan, Polynesian
Islands. America: Florida southward to Venezuela and Amazon Valley.—Var.
Hookeri, Lowe, from the Crimea, recedes from the type towards cuneatum. A very
deeply-lobed variety is figured by Hooker, Sp. Fil. 2, t. 74. B.

42. A. ethiopicum, L.; st. 6-9 in. 1, rather slender, erect, dark chestnut-brown,
polished, naked ; 77, 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., deltoid in general outline, tri- or
quadripinnate ; lower pinnd, 3-4 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., deltoid ; ultimate segm. -} in.
across, + in. deep, suborbicular, straight or subcuneate or rounded at the base, .
the upper part broadly, not deeply lobed ; teature thinly pellucido-herbaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked; sori in several roundish or transversely oblong
patches in rounded hollows of the outer edge.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 37.0. 77. A. A.
assimile, Sw. Hk. Sp. Fil. 12. p. 87. A. emarginatum, Bory, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 39.
t.75. A. A. thalictroides, Willd, A. crenatum, Poir.

Hab. Spain ; Africa—Cameroon Mountains at 7,000 ft., Natal, Cape Colony, Abyssinia,
Zambesi Land, Bourbon and Madagascar ; Neilgherries, New Zealand, Temperate and Tro-
pical Australia ; America, from Texas and California southward to Valparaiso and Monte
‘Video.—Very like A. Capillus- Veneris in general habit, but the segments are more tender,
smaller, broader at the base, atid not so deeply lobed. A. Chilense, Kaulf., A. glanduli-
ferum, Kunze, A. dilatatum, Nuttall, A. scabrwm, Kunze, and A. sulphureum, Kaulf,,
appear to be forms of this with the segments hairy or more or less dusted over with
white or yellow ceraceous dust beneath.

48. A. excigum, Kunze ; st. 2-8 in. 1., wiry, chesnut-brown, naked, densely
tufted ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., with numerous flexuose short branches on
each side, the lowest of which are slightly branched again ; segm. 2-3 lin. br.,
broadly cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded and bluntly lobed ; ¢ezture
thin; rachis naked, polished; sord 2 to 4, large for the size of the plant,
obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows on the lobes.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 41.

Hab. Chili.—Perhaps this also should be considered a variety of thiopicum, but it is
smaller and more slender, and in habit resembles A. concinnum, the lateral branches of
the pinne being but little developed.

44. A. concinnum, H. B.K.; st. 4-8 in. 1., polished, blackish, naked; /*.
12-18 in. L., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnae numerous, spreading,
flexuose, the lowest 4-6 in, 1, 2-3 in. br.; segm. 3-2 in. across, broadly cuneate
at the base, the upper edge irregularly rounded, deeply lobed and the lobes again
crenate, the lowest segment of each pinna and pinnule large, sessile, adpressed to
the main rachis; teatwre papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked, glossy; sori
numerous, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows of the outer edge.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 42. ; :

Hab, Tropical America, from Mexico to the West Indies, southward to Peru and’
Brazil.—In the shape and size of the pinnules this species is not strikingly different

124 21, ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

from A. Capillus-Veneris, but is pinnately branched very regularly and copiously, and
even when the pinn are furnished with long pinnules, there is an almost sessile single
segment at the base adpressed to the main rachis,

45. A. colpodes, Moore; st. 4-6 in. 1.; slender, glossy; dark chesnut-brown,
polished, slightly fibrillose ; /. 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid in general outline,
tripinnate ; lower pinn@ spreading at right angles from the rachis, 2-3 in. 1.,
14 in. br., only slightly branched below ; ultimate segm. about d in. L., in. br.,
the lower line often straight for some distance, the upper irregularly rounded,
lobed, and toothed, all nearly or quite sessile ; ¢eetwre pellucido-herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces naked; sori placed in distinct teeth of the outer edge,
the éxvol. obversely reniform.—Gardn. Chron. 1865.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru.—This has much of the regularly-pinnate habit of A. concin-
num, with which it also agrees in, its nearly sessile segments, which in shape resemble
more nearly those of A. c@thiopicum, showing, however, more of a tendency to the
truncato-dimidiate type of form.

46. A. tenerum, Swartz; st. 1 ft. high, erect, naked, glossy ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in.
br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; segm. 4-2 in. br., cuneate or tending towards
rhomboidal-dimidiate in shape, the upper edge rounded or somewhat angular,
broadly and often rather deeply lobed, all stalked ; tewtwre very thin ; rachis
naked and glossy, surfaces naked; sor? placed in numerous roundish or trans-
versely oblong patches in the lobes of upper half.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 45.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands southward to Juan Fernandez and Peru.—
Resembling A. Capillus-Veneris, but a larger and more branched plant, the segments
smaller, more delicate, and less lobed, easily falling from the apex of the petiole when
dry. The ramification is much more straggling and confused than in A. concinnum, and
the lower segments have stalks half as long as themselves. A. Farleyense, Moore, appears
to be an abnormal form of this species of garden origin.

47. A. cuneatum, Langs. & Fisch. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, blackish, naked,

polished'S"77-0-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinne

4-6 in. L., 2-3 in. br. ; segm. numerous, 4-3 in. br., cuneate at the base, the upper

edge deeply lobed ; tezture thin; rachis naked; sori 4 to 6, obversely reniform,

lead & distinct hollows in the lobes of the outer edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 39.
. & Gr, t, 30.

Hab. Brazil.—This also comes near @thiopicum, but is a larger and more branched

plant, with numerous pinne, pinnules, and segments, the latter usually distinctly cuneate
in the lower half.

48. A. glaucophyllum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., blackish, glossy, erect, naked; /*.
12-24 in. 1, 9-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br., deltoid, erecto-patent ; segm. } in. br., cuneate at the base, the upper edge
irregularly rounded, more or less lobed ; tezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
glossy ; veins prominent, under side glaucous ; sori 4 to 6, obversely reniform,
placed in distinct hollows in the apex of the lobes of the upper edge.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 40. Cent. 61. A. mexicanum, Presi. A.andicolum and amabile,
Liebm.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.—Very near A. cuneatum. The principal difference is in

the more rigid texture and more prominent venation, and this is only known in North
the other in South America, , pea :

49. A. fragile, Swartz; st. tufted, very short, polished, glabrous, blackish :
fr. 6-12 in. 1, 38-6 in. br., with Ttner es pines, the iowedt of which aré
branched again ; segm. articulated at the base, very deciduous, t in. br., cuneate
in the lower half, the upper edge rounded, broadly lobed; tezture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis naked; sori obversely reniform, 2 to 4, placed in distinct

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 125

hollows in the lobes of the upper edge.—A&. Sp. 2.p.41. Ic. Pl.t. 965. Av
parvifolium, Je.

Hab, West Indian Islands.—The segments are so deciduous that they have entirely
fallen from nearly all the specimens in the Hookerian Herbarium, so that nothing
remains but a dense tuft of rigid stems with numerous slender glossy branches. In shape
the segments most resembte those of cuneatum, but they are smaller and less lobed.

50. A. venustum, Don; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, wiry, naked, polished ;
jr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; penne erecto-patent,
the lower ones deltoid; segm. } in. across, cuneate at the base, the upper edge
irregularly rounded, sometimes broadly lobed, finely toothed; tezture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis naked ; soré 1 to 3, large, roundish, placed in distinct hollows
of the upper edge—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 40. 4. 96. B. A. microphyllum, Rozd.

Hab. Afghanistan and Himalayas up to 7-8,000 ft.—The more rigid texture, the small

numerous scarcely lobed segments and few large sori, will clearly distinguish this from
the preceding.

51. A. monochlamys, Eaton ; st. 6-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, glossy, dark chesnut-
brown, naked ; 7. 6-12 in. ]., 4-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pina rather
distant, rigid, erecto-patent ; segm. } in. br., cuneate at the base, the upper edge
rounded, slightly toothed ; tewture coriaceous ; rachis naked ; sort single or very
rarely two, placed in a decided hollow of the upper edge.—H&. 2nd Cent. F. t. 50.
A. Veitchii, Hance, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. v. 15. p. 288.

Hab. Discovered by the American Exploring Expedition under Capts. Ringgold and
Rogers in Japan, and since gathered there by Mr. J. G. Veitch and by Mr. Wilford in
Tsus-Sima.—It comes near A. venustum, but seems to be truly distinct.

#RRERE Scandentes group. Stems scandent, several feet long, tri- or quadri-
pinnate. Sp. 52-53.

52. A. digitatum, Pres]; st. 12-18 in. ]., erect, blackish, glossy, nearly naked ;
jr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., furnished with numerous distant spreading or erecto-
patent branches, which grow gradually shorter upwards, the lowest of which are
branched again, the pinne being 6-9 in. ]., 3-4 in. br.; segm. 2-1 in. each way,
varying from deflexed to cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded, deeply cut
from the circumference towards the centre, and the lobes again less deeply cut,
the lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises naked,
glossy ; sord in lines along the edge of the lobes all round, except the base.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 89. A. speciosum, HA. Sp. 2. p. 45. t, 85. C.

Hab. Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.

53. A. Feei, Moore; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, scandent, brownish-black,
tomentose ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., tripinnate, the main and secondary
rachises zigzag, all the branches firm and spreading at a right angle; lower
pinne 6-9 in. 1, 3-4 in. br.; pénnl. 1-2 in. 1., $ in. br., consisting of a terminal
segment and several distant stalked suborbicular-cuneate lateral ones ; éexture
subcoriaceous ; rachises densely brown-tomentose ; sovz marginal, roundish or

transversely oblong, more than half a line deep.—A. flexuosum, Hh. 2nd Cent.
é. 61.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala,

XeEERES Pedatum group. Fronds not pinnately branched, but dichotomously

forked, with numerous pinne springing from the upper side of each of the two
branches. Sp. 54-56.

54, Anapodaiuu,juinn. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., polished, dark chesnut-brown, glabrous ;
7/r. dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched; central pinne

126 21, apranium, § EUADIANTUM.

6-9 in. L, 1-13 in br.3 pénnd, 4-2 in. 1, } in. deep, dimidiate, broadest on the
side nearest the stem, the upper aud outer margin lobed, sometimes one-third
down, the lowest on short slender stalks ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachises
and surface naked; sori roundish or transversely oblong, 1-2 lin. br.— HA.
Sp. 2. p. 28.

Hab. North Hindostan, ascending to 7-9,000 ft., Japan, Mantchuria, Unalaschka,
and Canada southward to Virginia and California. —In this the main forks curve
gracefully, and have from 4 to 6 branches, each springing from the upper side, the central

ones of which are most developed. ee

55. A. curvatum, Kaulf.; st. 6-12 in. 1, polished, blackish, glabrous; jn
dichotomous, with main divisions again once or twice forked ; pinne 8-12 in. 1.,
2-3 in. br.; pinnl. 14-14 in. 1., 8-} in. deep, not truly dimidiate, but only the
lower two-thirds of the under half cut away, the upper margin rounded and
broadly lobed, with the lobes finely toothed and point often lengthened out ;
teature papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; sord linear or trans-
versely oblong, placed round the upper edge, and sometimes also the outer third
of the lower one.—Hz&. Sp. 2. p. 29. t. 84. C.

Hab. Brazil.—Easily recognizable from the preceding by the difference in the branch-
ing and by the pinnules not being quite unilateral. A. Lindswa, Cav., A. humile,
Kunze, and A. angustatwm, Kaulf., are little-known pedate plants.

56. A. patens, Willd. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, daxjx chesnut-brown, polished, but
slightly tomentose ; fr. dichotomously branched, and the branches once or twice
branched again ; central pinne: 6-9 in. 1., 14 in. br. ; pinnl. 4-2 in. 1, 3 in. deep,
dimidiate, the two sides nearly parallel, the upper one broadly and bluntly
lobed, and the outer blunt and lobed also ; teature papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
slightly tomentose, under surface slightly hairy ; ser? placed round the upper
and outer edge, obversely reniform, and placed in distinct small rounded hollows.
Hh, Sp. 2. p. 29. t. 87. A.

Hab. Mexico, southward to Ecuador and Galapagos Islands.—The large horny sub-
orbicular involucres, sometimes 4 in. br. and nearly as deep, distinguish this readily from
the other plants of the group.

57. ispidulum, Swartz; st. 6-15 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, scabrous ; 7r. dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately
branched ; central pinne 6-9 in. 1, 4-1 in. br. ; pinnd. 3-2 in. 1, 2-4 lin. br.,
dimidiate, subrhomboidal, rather broader on the side nearest the stem, the outer
edge bluntly rounded or oblique, upper and outer margin finely toothed, lower
ones slightly stalked ; teature subcoriaceous; rachises and both surfaces hispid ;
sori roundish, numerous, contiguous round the upper and outer edge.—H&, Sp. 2.
p. 81. A. pubescens, Schk.

Hab, Asia—Neilgherries and Ceylon eastward to Fiji, southward to N. 8. Wales and
New Zealand ; Africa—Bourbon, Mauritius, Zambesi Land, banks of the Niger.— Easily
distinguished from the other species by its densely pubescent segments and rachises,

58. A. flabellulatum, Linn. ; st. erect, strong, polished, blackish, naked ; jr.
dichotomously branched and the branches once or twice branched again ; central
pinne 4-8 in. 1, Zin. br.; pinnl. about 4 lin. br., 8 lin. deep, dimidiate, the
lower edge nearly straight, the upper rounded, the outer blunt, both entire or
slightly toothed ; ¢eatwre coriaceous, rachises and surfaces naked ; soré in several

transversely oblong patches round the upper and outer edge.—HA. Sp. 2. p. 80.
A. amenum, Hk. & Gr, t. 108, PP : oh Sp. 2. p

Hab. Hindostan from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Japan, S. China, Malayan Peninsula
and Islands.—The pinnules are larger and broader than those of A. hispidulum, and only
the rachis is finely pubescent.

22. OCHROPTERIS. 127

‘§§ Hewardia, J. Smith.— Veins anastomosing. Sp. 59-62.

59. A. (Hew.) Hewardia, Kunze ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, blackish, glossy, naked ;
7r. simply pinnate or bipinnate, with a terminal pinna and 2 to 4 lateral ones on
each side, the lowest pair of branches sometimes with 2 to 4 pinnules each ;
pinnl, 3-4 in, 1., 3-1 in. br., nearly equal-sided except at the base, ovate-lan-
ceolate, very nearly entire ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis polished, naked ;
veins copiously anastomosing, midrib distinct, blackish ; sord in continuous lines
along both edges.— HZ. Sp. 2. p.7. Hewardia adiantoides, J. Smith.

Hab. Guiana.— The texture of the frond is thinner than in the next species, and the
veins are more distinct and copiously and conspicuously reticulated.

60. A. (Hew.) dolosum, Kunze; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, polished, blackish,
slightly hairy ; A’. 9-12 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal
pinna and 2 to 6 subsessile lateral ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. L, 1-2 in.
br., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis hairy, veins inconspicuous and only uniting towards the edge, midrib
black, distinct ; sori in continuous lines along both edges.—A&. Sp. 2. p. 6. t. 79.
B. A. Wilsoni, H&. Sp. 2. p. 6. t.72. A. A. macropterum, Miquel.

Hab. Jamaica, Guatemala, Panama, Granada, Guiana, and Brazil.—Scarcely deserving
a place in Hewardia, and, except in venation, the resemblance of the plant is altogether
to A. lucidum and Phyllitidis, '

61. A. (Hew.) olivacewm, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, glossy, blackish, naked ;
Jr. about 1 ft. each way, with a terminal central pinna and one nearly equalling
it on each side ; pinne with a large terminal pinnule and several, stalked lateral
ones on each side, which are 4-5 in. 1, about ? in. br., lanceolate-acuminate,
equal-sided, but obliquely truncate at the base below, broadly lobed throughout ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous, the rachis slightly tomentose ; veins conspiquous
and copiously anastomosing, the midrib distinct, black, glossy ; soré in linear
patches 3 in. br. in the lobes on each side.

Hab. British Guiana, Appun, No. 646.—This resembles A. Hewardia in texture and
venation, differing in the branching and sori.

62. A. (Hew.) Leprieurti, Hk.; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, naked, blackish, glossy ;
Jr. 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid tripinnate, with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2 in.
br., and 2 or 3 branches on each side, the lowest of which are branched again ;
pinnl, 1-14 in. 1., 4-2 in br., subdimidiate, the lower line curved so that the
inner part of the lower half is cut away, the upper edge rounded, the point
pluntish or acuminate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis tomentose ; veins
anastomosing but not copiously, no distinct midrib; sorz in linear patches
4-3 in. across on the broad lobes of the upper edge and outer part of the lower
edge.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 31. ¢. 82. B.

_ Hab. Guiana ; gathered by Leprieur, Schomburgk, and Appun. — Easily distin-
guished from the other three by the subdimidiate pinnules without any distinctly-defined
midrib.

Gen, 22. OcurortzrRis, J. Sin.

Sori marginal, transversely oblong, occupying the apices of the lobes of the
segments. Jnvol, the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of
the frond, with which it coincides in texture and covering the sorus, A single
Mauritian species with free veins, and the teature and habit of an ample decompound
Davallia. Tas. II. f. 22.

1. O. pallens, J. Smith ; st. 2 ft. 1., pale straw-coloured, naked ; fr. about the
same length, about 1 ft. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnl. 3-4 in. 1,

128 23. LoncuitTis. 24, HYPOLEPIS.

2 in. br., their segm. cut down to the rachis below, with oblong toothed lower
lobes ; texture coriaceous.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 64. t. 77. B.

Hab. Mauritius,

Gen. 28. Lonenitis, Linn.

Sort marginal, placed in the sinuses of the frond, more or less distinctly
reniform but often considerably elongated. Jnvol. the same shape as the sorus
and covering it, membranous in texture, formed from the reflexed margin.
Tas. II. f. 23. United by Mettenius with Pieris, from which tt differs only by the
position of the sori.

1. L. pubescens, Willd. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, densely clothed with
woolly pubescence ; /r. 2-4 ft. 1., deltoid, tripinnatifid, cut down to the rachis
except towards the apex; lower pinne sometimes 12-18 in, 1., 9-12 in. br.;
pinnl, lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis below, with blunt, oblong,
sinuated segm.; rachis and under surface, especially the midrib, tomentose ;
veins copiously anastomosing into irregular hexagonal areolee ; soré placed round
the main sinuses of the pinnules and in two or three of the hollows of the
segments on each side.—k. Sp. 2. p. 56.—8, L. glabra, Bory ; fr. thinner in
texture and less hairy. Ak. Sp. 2. p. 57. L. natalensis, Hh. Sp. 2. p. 57.
t. 89. B.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Johanna Island, Seychelles, Natal, Cape Colony, and in
West Tropical Africa on the Cameroon Mountains and the islands of Fernando Po and
St. Thomas.—I cannot point out any character by which the South American plant,
gathered in the Caraccas by Linden (Z. Lindeniana, Hook.), may be distinguished ; and
that from Madagascar (L. madagascariensis, Hook.) only differs by having the lower
segments of the pinnules distinctly separated, or even stalked, bluntly rounded at the
point, and scarcely at all lobed. The venation is identical in all the forms. Z. awrita, L.,
taken up from Plumier, is no doubt this, figured with a muricated stem by mistake.

2. L. occidentalis, Baker; sé. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked; fr. 2-4 ft. 1.,
deltoid, tripinnatifid, cut down to the rachis except very near the apex ; lower
pinne 12-18 in. 1, 9 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down
below about three-quarters of the way to the rachis into blunt oblong lobes;
rachis and both surfaces naked; main veins forked at a broad angle towards the
apex, but only anastomosing rarely, and the lowest vein from the midribs of the
lobes sometimes meeting so as to form a costal arch ; soré reniform, placed in the
sinuses at the base or along the margin of the ultimate lobes.

Hab. Gathered by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola (No. 182), by Barter at Fernando Po, and
by Gustave Mann, at an elevation of 4,000 ft., on the Cameroon Mountains. The naked
surfaces and rachis and only casually anastomosing venation will distinguish this clearly
from the preceding, and the lateral sinuses of the lobes in which the sori are placed are
not nearly so distinct, and in the lower lobes of the pinnule there is often no sorus at
the base.

Gen. 24. Hyroueris, Bernh,

Sort marginal, placed usually in the sinuses of the frond, small, subglobose,
uniform, distinct. Znvol. the same shape as the sorus and covering it, mem-
branous in texture, formed out of the reflexed margin. This yenus seems only
intelligible as distinct when restricted to those species which have equal roundish sori
placed in the sinuses of the ultimate divisions of the frond. In this sense it is
ae ie which excludes several plants placed under it in the Species Filicum.
Tas. IL. f. 24. : :

24. HYPOLEPIS, § EUHYPOLEPIS. 129

§ Euhypolepis. Rhizome wide-creeping, fronds ample, tri- or quadripinnatifid.
Sp. 1-10.

1. H. tenuifolia, Bernh.; rhizome wide-creeping, puberulous; sf. 1 ft. l.,
strong, erect, slightly asperous, naked or pubescent; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., quadri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinne ovate-acuminate, 12-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br.; pénzd. lan-
- ~ceolate; segm. rather distant, 1-14 in. 1, $ in. br., lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis into numerous linear-oblong toothed ultimate divisions ; tecture
herbaceous ; rachises tomentose, the costa and sometimes the surface beneath
slightly hairy and glandular; sori 2 to 6 to an ultimate division, placed at the
sinuses of the teeth Hk. Sp. 2. p. 60. ¢. 89. C. and 90. A. H. dicksonioides,
Hk. Sp.l.c. HH. pallida, Ak, Sp. 2. p. 64.

Hab. Java, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, Australia, Norfolk Island.—Closely
allied to this are a number of Javan forms, deseribed as species by Blume and Kunze, for
which I cannot give distinctive characteristics ; viz., C. setigera, alpina, resinifera, poly-
podioides, javanica, and pallida of the former, rudis and stenophylia of the latter author.
For an account of these, reference may be made to Blume’s “ Flora,” Hooker’s ‘ Species
Filicum,” and the volume of the ‘‘ Linnea” for 1848. H. resistens and amaurorachis of
Kunze are referred by Mettenius to Polypodium rugulosum.

2. H. distans, Hk.; st. 6 in. high, slender, flexuose, chesnut-brown, naked,
slightly asperous; fr. about 1 ft. 1, 4-5 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ;
pinne spreading at right angles with the rachis, distant, especially the lower
ones, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br.; pinnd. oblong, the lower ones approaching
to deltoid, cut about halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis scabrous but not
tomentose ; sori small, 2 to 4 to a pinnule, placed in the lower sinuses.—H&.
Sp. 2. p. 70. t. 95. Cy

Hab. New Zealand.—Habit of a slender form of Athyrium Alix-femina,

3. H. anthriscifolia, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, straw-coloured, naked
but rather rough, with small raised points ; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinne deltoid-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more 1, 4-6 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, rather
distantly placed, the segm. cut down to the rachis into small oblong deeply
pinnatifid ultimate divisions 2 lin. 1, 4 lin. br.; teature thinly herbaceous;
rachis and under surface slightly hairy ; sori 2 or 4 to each of the ultimate
divisions, placed in the lower sinuses.—A&. Sp. 2. p. 66. t. 95. A.

Hab. Bourbon, Mauritius, Cape Colony, Fernando Po.—The fronds are said by Bojer,
who called it Adiantum elatum, to be from 10 to 18 feet in length. WZ. elata, Presl,
and H. aspera, Presl, appear to be forms of this species, This is generally a more flaccid
and more finely-cut plant than H. repens and tenuifolia ; but some of the Fernando Po
specimens have the rachis brown and very rough,

A. H. repens, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, naked or puberulous, straw-
coloured, more or less densely prickly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinne \-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., ovate-acuminate ; péinnl. about 6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br.,
lanceolate ; segm. oblong-lanceolate, blunt, cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous bluntish lobes ; teztwre herbaceous ; rachises like the main stem ; sori
2 to 6 toasegm., placed at the sinuses.—Hé, Sp. 2. p, 64. t. 90. C.—B, inermis,
Hk. ; st. and rachis not at all prickly.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil and Peru.

5. H. nigrescens, Hk. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, glabrous, rather thickly
armed with strong prickles; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; pimme numerous,
spreading from the main rachis at right angles, the lowest 1 ft.]., 6 in. br.;
pinnl, 3-4 in, 1., 1-14 in. br., lanceolate, spreading or even deflexed ; segm. ovate-
oblong, cut down to the rachis below ; texture herbaceous ; rachises like the main

R

130 24, HYPOLEPIS, § EUHYPOLEPIS,

stem ; under surface nearly naked ; sori small, placed at the base of the sinuses.
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 66. t. 90. C.

Hab. Jamaica, Martinique, Venezuela, and banks of the Amazon.—Cuming’s Philip-
pine plant, referred here in “ Species Filicum,” is Dicksonia moluccana.

6. H. hostilis, Presl; st. 1-2 ft. 1, erect, tomentose, scabrous; /r. ample,
quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne 6-12 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnl.
lanceolate ; segm. 4-2 in. 1.; } in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis throughout
into numerous linear-oblong toothed ultimate divisions ; tewtwre thinly herba~-
ceous; rachises tomentose ; sort very small, placed against the sinuses of the
ultimate divisions.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 69.

Hab. Jamaica, Cocos Island, and Peru.—A more delicate plant than H. repens, with
smaller and more deeply divided ultimate lobes, in which respect, as well as in general
habit, it very closely resembles the South African H. anthriscifolia.

7. H. Purdicana, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, strong, bright-brown, scabrous ;
Jr. 9-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; largest pinne 2 in. 1., 1 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down below to a narrowly-winged rachis, into
numerous linear-oblong deeply crenato-pinnatifid pinnules; texture herbaceous ;
rachis scabrous and densely clothed with brown filiform scales ; costa also
paleaceous ; sori nearly a line across, roundish, placed against the sinuses of the
pinnules.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 69. t. 91. B.

Hab. New Granada; gathered by Mr. Purdie.—I give this and the six preceding
species with great doubt as to how far they are distinct from one another, and with a
suspicion that some of them at least, like other plants which have been placed in Hypo-
lepis, will prove not really distinct from Polypodiwm rugulosum. With regard to the
present one, for instance, Dr. Grisebach writes (Flora Brit. West Indies, p. 67), ‘‘ Not to be
distinguished from P. ruguloswm but by the specially transformed involucral appendages,
and probably passing into that widely-ranging species.” Sir W. Hooker has expressed
the same doubt with regard to H. distans ; and reference may be made also, in connec-

tion with the same point, to Dr, Hooker’s remarks in the Floras of New Zealand and
Tasmania,

8. H. parallelogramma, Hk. ; sf. 2-4 ft. 1., strong, scabrous and prickly, but
scarcely pubescent; jr. 10-20 ft. 1., deltoid ; pinne 1-3 ft.]., ovate-lanceolate;
pinnl. 6-9 in. 1., not much over 1 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with numerous linear-
oblong segm. about 9 lin. 1., 3 lin. br., which are sinuato-dentate and have about
their own breadth between them ; fezture subcoriaceous ; rachises like the stipes ;
sort sometimes 12 to a segm., placed at the sinuses.—HZé. Sp. 2. p. 65. t. 98. A.
Cheilanthes scabra, Karst. C. Radula, Kunze.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala southward to Brazil and Peru.—The segments
are much larger than in any of the preceding, more coriaceous in texture, with the sides
parallel for some distance and the point blunt, the veins beneath prominent.

9. H. millefolium, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. about 6 in. 1., erect,
pale-brown, glossy, scarcely scabrous; /. 1 ft. or more l., 4-6 in, br., ovate-
triangular, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinn@ erecto-patent, 4-6 in. L, 1-2 in. br. ;
pinnl. ovate-deltoid, their segm. cut down nearly to the rachis into several small
sharply-toothed lobes; teatwre herbaceous, under surface of the frond slightly

hairy ; rachises of the pinne winged ; sori small, roundish, placed in the lower
sinuses. —Hk&. Sp. 2. p. 68. ¢. 95. B.

Hab. New Zealand.—A much smaller plant than H. tenuifolia, with the ultimate
segments more frequently and sharply toothed.

10. H. Bergiana, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2 ft. ]., strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
tomentose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinne deltoid ;
pinnl. ovate-deltoid ; segm. ovate, 4-2 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis

25. CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS. 131

into oblong blunt-toothed ultimate divisions ; teature thinly herbaceous ; rachis
rigid, zizgag, dark-brown, tomentose, and the under surface of the frond hairy ;
sorz very small, placed in the sides of the lobes of the segments or ultimate
divisions.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 67.

Hab. Cape Colony, Kaffraria, Natal, and Zambesi Land.—A well-marked plant.
§§ Aspidotis, Nuttall. Fronds small, densely tufted. Sp. 11.

11. H. (Aspid.) californica, Hk.; st. densely tufted, about 6 in. 1. strong,
erect, brown, glossy ; /r. about 3 in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinne deltoid, the pinnl. of the lower side much larger than the others, cut down
to the rachis into numerous segm., which are again very sharply cut nearly to
the centre; éezture subcoriaceous ; rachises naked, glossy, dark-brown; soré
a ee 2 to 6 to a segm., placed at the base of the sinuses.—Hzé. Sp. 2. p. 71.
t. 88. A.

Hab. California.— This has quite the habit of the more finely-divided coriaceous species
of Eucheilanthes (C. tenuifolia, &c.).

Gry. 25. Cuzitanrugs, Swartz, (See page 475.)

Sori terminal or nearly so on the veins, at first small, subglobose, afterwards
more or less confluent. Jnvol. formed from the changed reflexed margin,
roundish and distinct, or more or less confluent, but not quite continuous.
Tas. III. f. 25. A considerable genus, with many species extending beyond tha
tropics, the fronds mostly under a foot long, often under six inches, tri- or quadripin-
natifid, subcoriaceous in texture. Veins free in all the species. Adiantopsis differs
from Uypolepis in habit and the position of the sori, and Eucheilanthes from
Peliza and Pteris, by its more or less interrupted involucres. It is very difficult to
draw the line between Cheilanthes and Nothochleena, which is the corresponding
non-indusiate genus.

§ Adiantopsis, Fe. Involucres distinct, roundish, confined to the apex of a single
veinlet. Sp. 1-13.

1. C. (Adiant.) monticola, Gardn.; st. densely tufted, under 1 in. 1., naked,
wiry, polished, blackish; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 4 in. br., linear-lanceolate, simply
pinnate ; pinne 1-2 in. 1., } in. br., oblong, obtuse, auricled at the base on the
upper side ; ¢eatwre herbaceous ; rachis naked ; sor? small, numerous, roundish.
-—Gard., in Hk, Ic. Pl. t. 477. Hypolepis Gardneri, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 74. t. 92. B.

Hab. Brazil, province of Goyaz ; discovered by Mr. Gardner.—The only simply pinnate
species of the subgenus. :

2. C. (Adiant.) pteroides, Swz.; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tripinnate, upper part
simply pinnate, lower with several opposite pairs of wiry erecto-patent branches
growing gradually larger downwards, the lowest often again branched ; segm.
4-2 in. 1, #2 in. br., oblong, entire, broadly rounded at both ends, sessile ;
tecture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished, naked, both surfaces naked ; soré small,
roundish, distinct but contiguous.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 80. t. 101. A.

Hab. Cape Colony, on mountains from 1-3,000 ft., and found also in Java.—Closely
resembles in habit some of the Platylome.

3. C. (Adiant.) regularis, Mett.; st. 6-9 in. 1, densely clothed with ferru-
ginous hairs ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., lanceolate oblong, bipinnate ; pinne spreading from
the rachis at right angles, the lowest 2 in. 1., oblong-obtuse ; pind. 4-5 lin. 1.,
stalked, oblong-rhomboidal, cuneate at the base below, truncate or auricled

132 25, CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS.

above, slightly crenate ; tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis pubescent like the stipe ;
pa roundish, placed at intervals round the edge of the pinnules.—Adiantum,
une.

Hab. Brazil ; gathered by Beyrich and Bongard.—We have not seen this, and our
description is an abstract of that of Prof. Mettenius.

4. C. (Adiant.) pauperculu, Mett. ; st. tufted, wiry, slender, erect, 4-6 in. 1,
dark chesnnt-brown, glossy, naked; fr. 4-6 in. L, 8-4 in. br., triangular-
acuminate in general outline, simply pinnate half or one-third of the way down,
with 2 to 4 erecto-patent pimnw on each side of the lower half; pinnd. 3 lin. 1,
1} lin. br., oblong, scarcely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe ;
sort 1 to 3 to a segment, small, roundish Hypolepis, &. Sp. 2. p. 73. t. 88. C.

Hab. Cuba ; gathered by Linden and Wright.

~ 6 C. fediante) radiata, R. Br.; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, wiry,
glossy, blackish, polished ; pinne 6 to 9, all radiating from a common centre
like the spokes of a wheel, with a whorl of bract-like segments at the axis, the
longest 6-9 in. 1., #1 in. br.; pémni. numerous, close, 4 in. 1, 1-1} lin. br.,
unequal-sided, truncate at the base below, auricled at the base above; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, naked; sori small, very numerous, placed along
both margins of the entire pinnules—Hypolepis radiata, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 72.
%91. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies and Mexico southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro,

6. C. (Adiant.) . capensis, Swz.; st. tufted, erect, 4-6 in. 1., naked, dark
shesnut-brown ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; lower pinne
much the largest ; pinnd. on the lower side larger than the others, ovate, bluntish,
1 in. 1, 3 in. br., cut down below to a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong
blunt nearly entire segm. 3-4 1. lin., 2 lin. br.; teatwre herbaceous ; rachis polished,
chesnut-brown ; under surface naked, bright-green ; sor small, placed all round
the edge of the segments ; invol. ciliated—Hypolepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 72. t. 77. C.

Hab. Cape Colony.—This and the next differ from all the others by their more herba-
ceous texture,

7. C. (Adiant.) Kirkiit, Hk. ; sf. densely tufted, 6-9 in. 1., erect, chesnut-
brown, polished, naked, but fibrillose towards the base; /r. 4-6 in. each way,
deltoid, bipinnatifid, the upper pairs of pinne narrowly decurrent, the lower
pair much the largest and the pinnl. of the lower side much larger than those of
the upper, 1-14 in. 1, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, cut down nearly to the
rachis into several linear-oblong segm., with about their own breadth between
them ; texture herbaceous ; rachis dark chesnut-brown, both surfaces nearly
naked ; sor? numerous, small, roundish, marginal, contiguous but not confluent.
—Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 81.

Hab. Gathered by Dr. Kirk in Zambesi Land on rocks in the Moramballa Mountains
at an elevation of from 2-3,500 ft., and by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola.—This has entirely
the habit and other characters of Petlea geranitfolia, but the fructification is that of this
section of Cheilanthes,

8. C. (Adiant.) pedata, A. Br. ; s¢. tufted, 6-12 in. ]., wiry, erect, naked, dark
chesnut-brown, glossy ; 77. about 6 in. each way, ternately divided, the central
portion triangular-acuminate, with numerous linear-lanceolate pinnl., growing
gradually larger downwards, the lateral portions lanceolate, with the lowest
pinnl. on each side 1-2 in. 1., pinnate; segm, 3-4 lin. L, 1-14 lin. br., oblong,
narrowed suddenly to a point, auricled at the base above ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis dark-coloured and polished like the stipe; sori numerous, placed round

25. CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS. 133

both edges of the segments, small, roundish.—-Hypolepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 78,
t. 92. A.

Hab. Jamaica ; discovered by Mr. Purdie.

9. C. (Adiant.) dichotoma, Swartz; st. densely tufted, slender, 4-6 in. 1.
polished, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong, tri- or
quadripinnate, the main rachis very slender, zigzag, the secondary ones the
same, spreading at right angles; pinne 2-3 in. |., deltoid; pinni. lanceolate-
oblong, cut down to the rachis into a few ternately-divided roundish or oblong
segm, or even again slightly branched at the base; ult. divisions } in. each way ;
rachis naked and polished, both surfaces naked; sori small, roundish, marginal,
distinct.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 104. t. 102. B.

Hab. Quito, Brazil, and Uraguay.—Very different from all the others in manner of
growth, &c.

10. C. (Adiant.) Seemanni, Hk.; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, erect,
dark chesnut-brown, fibrillose below ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; pimna in numerous nearly opposite pairs, the lowest 1}-2 in. 1.,
Zin. br., lanceolate ; the penal. oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ; sori roundish,

1 to 4 to the segments, lateral, not confluent ; invol. pale-brown.— Hk. Sp. Fil, 2.
> p. 85.4. 97. A.

Hab. Sierra Madre, N,W. Mexico ; discovered by Dr. Seemann.—This may be a form
of C. microphylla, from which it differs only in its distinct involucres.

11. C. (Adiant.) Schimperi, Hk.; st. tufted, 8-6 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked,
chesnut-brown, glossy ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., nearly as broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;
lower pinne much the largest; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, ult. divisions linear,
acute, entire or toothed, 2 lin. 1., less than 4 lin. br.; ¢eatwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis glossy, naked; sor? numerous, small, placed along both margins of the
ult. divisions.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 70.

Hab. Abyssinia; discovered by Schimper.—Habit of Hypolepis californica and Chei-
lanthes tenuifolia,

12. C. (Adiant.) incisa, Kunze; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, polished, naked, dark-
brown; fr. 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne 1 in. 1,
cut down to the rachis into several oblong pinni. ; segm. narrow, linear, sharp-
pointed ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori few, distant, marginal, roundish or trans-
versely oblong.—Mett. Cheil. No. 65. t. 3. f. 28-81. Hypolepis serrata, Fée.

Hab. South of Brazil, fide Mettentus.—There is no specimen of this in the Hookerian
Herbarium, but it is carefully figured and described by Prof. Mettenius, and seems a
very distinct plant.

18. C. (Adiant.) chlorophylla, Swz.; rhizome stout, paleaceous ; st. contiguous,
12-18 in. 1, strong, erect, polished, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
4-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate tripinnatifid; pinnw 3-5 in. 1., 2 to 14 in. br.,
distant, lanceolate; pinnd. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into numerous
entire linear-oblong segm.; texture herbaceous; rachis like the stipe; soré
numerous, small, roundish, placed on both edges.—Hypolepis spectabilis, Link,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 73. t. 88. B.

Hab. South America, from New Granada southward to Monte Vidco.

134 25. CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTHES.

§§ Eucheilanthes. nvolucres more or less confluent, fronds not powdered
beneath, segments larger and flatter than in Physapteris. Sp. 14-35.

* Stipe scaly throughout, or more or less tomentose. Sp. 14-24,

14. C. micropteris, Swartz; st. densely ceespitose, wiry, erect, tomentose,
densely clothed with fibrillose light-brown scales at the base; /r. 3-4 in. L,
2-3 lin. br., simply pinnate ; pinne 1-14 lin. br., ovate or roundish, crenate at
the base, deeply lobed, the outer surface convex, pubescent ; teature sub-
coriaceous ; rachis wiry, tomentose like the stipe ; sord roundish, 3 to 5 to each
pinna.— Hh, Sp. 2. p. 76.

Hab, Tropical America, from Ecuador southward to Peru and the Argentine territory.
—The extreme forms of this and C. Matthewsii look very different; but upon view of the
set of the Hookerian specimens, it seems doubtful whether they are really distinct.

15. C. Matthewsii, Kunze; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with
linear-lanceolate dark-brown scales; st. numerous, almost tufted, strong, erect,
wiry, densely pubeseent; jr. 4-12 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, bi- or
tripinnatifid ; pénne $-1 in. ]., numerous, deltoid, much upcurled and incurved,
cut down to the rachis below into linear-oblong, crenate or pinnatifid pinnl. ,.
rachis stout, rigid, densely tomentose ; ¢eztwre subcoriaceous ; soré numerous ;
invol. roundish, slightly confluent.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 91. C., fasciculata, Groldm.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia and Peru.—C, pruinata, Kaulf., appears to be the oldest name,
but the plant is not at all pruinate.. The pinnules have the margins so much incurved,
that it gives them the beaded habit of those of Zugleichenia.

16. C. fragrans, Webb & Berth. (non Swartz) ; st. caespitose, wiry, 1-3 in. 1,
densely cicthed with reddish-brown linear scales; fr. 2-3 in. 1., about 1 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, bi- or tripinnatifid; pinne opposite, }$-2 in. 1, 3-% in. br.
deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into several sinuato-pinnatifid linear-
oblong lobes; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished but slightly scaly, both
surfaces green and naked ; sor? small, copious ; invol. light-brown, membranous,
toothed.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 81. Polypodium fragrans, Linn. Mant. C. odora and
suaveolens, Swartz. C. maderensis, Lowe.

Hab. South of France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Canaries, Madeira, Algeria,
Syria, Afghanistan, and N. W. Himalayas at 5,000 ft.; and I cannot point out any good
distinctive character for the South American C. andina (Hk. Sp. 2. p. 115), gathered by
Mr. Maclean on the Peruvian Andes, Mettenius retains C. maderensis as distinct from
the common 8. European form.

17. C. arabica, Decaisne ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. ]., wiry, erect, dark chesnut-
brown, fibrillose and tomentose ; /r. 2-8 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, bi-
or tripinnatifid ; pinne opposite, the lowest $-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into
numerous linear-oblong segm., or slightly again branched at the base ; teature
subcoriaceous ; rachis chesnut-brown, fibrillose, upper surface naked, lower
slightly hairy ; sort copious.—Kunze, Linnea, 23. p. 207. Mett. Cheil, p. 50.

Hab. Abyssinia, Schimper, 1431.—C. coriacea, Dec, (Hk. Sp. 2. p. 109), from Arabia,
appears to be either this or very closely allied. This comes very near C. pulchella, but
is smaller in size, with a distinctly tomentose stipe and rachis. The ultimate segments
are longer and narrower, gnd the involucre more continuous than in C. fragrans.

18. C. vestita, Swartz (non Hook.) ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, polished,
chesnut-brown, slightly tomentose, fibrillose; 7. 4-8 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne distant, opposite, 4-2 in. 1, 3-2 in. br.
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several oblong pinni. on each side
the largest of which are quite 7 in. 1, 3 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the

25, CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHELLANTHES. 135

rachis below ; tewtwre subcoriaceous, upper surface nearly naked, lower only
slightly hairy, not densely matted; rachis thinly tomentose; sori copious.—
Gray, Manual, p. 592. C. lanosa, Wait, oldest name.

Hab. Delaware and Pennsylvania southward to New Carolina,—This is not described
in the ‘Species Filicum,” the C. vestita there given being our C. lanuginosa. We owe
the unravelling of the synonymy to Prof. Eaton, who has ascertained, through the inter-
vention of M. Naudin, that this is the Nephrodium lanosum of Michaux’s Herbarium. ,

19. C. pilosa, Goldm. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., flexuose, dark chesnut-brown,
pilose, brittle ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; lower
pinne distant, 3-1 in. 1., deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into oblong
pinnl,, 3-4 lin. 1., 2 lin. br., deeply lobato-pinnatifid ; fewtwre herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces glandulose-pilose ; soré-copious, slightly confluent.—
C. MacLeanii, Hk, Sp. 2. p. 98. t. 110. B,

Hab. Andes of Peru.—This comes nearest the true C. vestita, but is very flaccid in
habit, larger, and more hairy.

20. C. microphylla, Swartz ; rhizome slightly creeping ; st. 2-6 in. 1., wiry,
flexuose, polished, dark chesnut-brown, tomentose below when young; jr.
3-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinne in numerous
nearly opposite pairs, the lowest 1-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., lanceolate or tending
towards deltoid ; pinnd. linear-oblong, entire or subdeltoid, and cut down to thé
rachis below ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis usually naked ; both surfaces green
and glabrous ; sovi roundish or elongated ; invol. narrow, pale.— /7k. Sp. 2. p. 84.
t. 98 A. C. elongata, Willd. Hk. 1c. p. 86. C. pygmea, Klotzch, Lk. 1. c.
p. 88.—B, C. pubescens, Il. B. K.; rachis tomentose, both surfaces of the frond
pubescent. fk, Sp. 2. p. 93.—y, C. micromera, Link; pinne numerous, close,
spreading, pinnules ovate-oblong, entire or nearly so ; énvol. subcontinuous. C.
aspidioides, Fée.—d, C. Moritziana, Kunze; whole plant larger; pinnl. often
$ in. 1, cut down nearly to the rachis for the lower two-thirds into oblong segm,
— Hk, Sp. 2. p. 85. t. 99. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Peru.—A very
variable plant, and it is to be feared that C. Tweediana, Hook., C. obtusata, Presl, and
C. cucullans, Fée, must also rank here.

21. C. mysurensis, Wallich ; st. densely tufted, very short, wiry, dark chesnut-
brown, polished, fibrillose below when young; jr. 3-12 in. |., 14-3 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pine numerous, the lowest opposite, #-1} in. 1.,
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong inciso-
pinnatifid pinnl.; texture herbaceous when young, subcoriaceous when, mature ;
rachis polished, chesnut-brown, slightly fibrillose, both surfaces naked; soré
small, roundish, distinct or slightly confluent.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 94. # 100. As
C. Chusana, Hz. Sp. 2. p. 95. ¢. 106. Bs

Hab. Abundant in Tropical Hindostan, but not known in the Himalayas. Found
also in Ceylon, West China, and at Canton and Chusan, and gathered lately by Mr.
Oldham in Japan.—It resembles C. microphylla very closely, but the stipe is shorter and
more scaly, ,

22. C. fragilis, Hk.; st. densely tufted, not more than 1-2 in. 1. strong,
erect, tomentose and fibrillose; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnatifid ; pinnew numerous, alternate, the lowest 1-2 in. apart, 1-2 in. 1,
3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into numerous linear-
oblong, blunt, sinuato-crenated lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises bright-brown,
tomentose, both surfaces green and naked except the midrib beneath; sorz
small, ee or subcontinuous ; invol. pale-brown, membranaceous.—Hé. Fil.
Exot, t. 96.

136 25, CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHELLANTHES.

Hab. Limestone rocks near Moulmein, Malayan Peninsula; discovered by the Rev.
C.8. Parish.—A larger plant than C, myswrensis, but very doubtfully distinct.—From the
Ceylonese C. laxa, Moore, it differs mainly by its tomentose rachis.

28. C. hirta, Swartz; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, densely coated with
spreading bright reddish-brown woolly hairs; 77. 4-12 in. 1., 2-5 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnw opposite, spreading from the main rachis at
right angles, lanceolate, 1-3 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous oblong

. pinnl, which ave scarcely more than } in. 1., and again inciso-pinnatifid ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces more or less tomentose ; margin of the
segm. much incurved ; sori copious.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 92. t. 101. B. —8, C. parviloba,
Swz. $ rachis and surfaces less tomentose ; pinne shorter, with the segm. and apex
slightly divided and convolute.—Hz&. Sp. 1. ¢.

Hab. Cape Colony northward on the east to Bourbon, on the west to Angola,—There
isa specimen from Java from Dr. Blume inthe Hookerian Herbarium, and Mr. Moore gives
it as Chinese. Our a varies much in size and hairiness, and includes three species of
Fée; viz., his Cheilanthes olivacea (a large form, with the margin of the segm. less incurved)
and his Myriopteris contracta and intermedia. It might as suitably be placed in Physa-
pteris as here. C. glandulosa, Pappe and Rawson, is a form.

24. C. viscosa, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, wiry, dark chesnut-
brown, polished, pubescent; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripin-
natifid ; pinne in pairs, the lowest much the largest ; pinnl. of the lower side
larger than the others, sometimes 14-2 in. ]., lanceolate, with narrow linear-
oblong segm., which are again cut down to the rachis into small beaded ultimate
divisions ; ¢eztwre herbaceous in the barren frond, subcoriaceous in the fertile one
when mature ; rachises pubescent, like the stipe, both surfaces pilose ; sord mors
or less confluent.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 105. t. 93. B.

Hab. New Mexico southward to Venezuela,—Easily distinguished from its allies by
the deltoid outline of the frond. C. leucopoda, Link, is an allied Mexican plant, said to
have a straw-coloured stipe and smaller fronds, and C. tenuis, Presl, another allied Mexican
plant which I have not seen. From Allosorus hirsutus, Presi, this differs by its hairy
stipes and rachis and Cheilanthoid involucre,

** Stipe not hairy and slightly scaly only towards the base. Sp. 25-85.

25. C. hispanica, Metten. ; st. cespitose, wiry, naked, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, 2-3 in. ]., with a dense tuft of wiry linear-filiform dark chesnut-brown
scales at the base ; fr. 1-14 in. 1., 2 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnw in
opposite pairs, the lowest the largest, oblong or again branched on the lower
side ; segm. roundish-obleng, crenate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis polished, upper
surface green, naked, uader brown, tomentose ; sor? small, copious.—Meten.
Cheil. p. 30.

Hab. Rocks on the banks of the Mondego, near Coimbra, Portugal, Welwitsch ; Spain,
fide Mettenius.

26. C. pulchella, Bory; st. densely tufted, 3-9 in. 1. strong, erect, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, slightly fibrillose below; jr. 8-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, tripinnate; lower pinne opposite, subdeltoid,
2-3 in. L, 1-14 in. br.; pinni. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into numerous
linear-oblong segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
sori copious.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 109. t. 94. A.

Hab. Madeira and the Canaries,—The Abyssinian plant placed here in «Species
Filicum” is C. coriacea.

27. C. varians, Wk.; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown, polished
but rather slender and brittle, fibrillose below ; f, 6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., lan-

25. CIIEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTHES. 137

ceolate, bipinnatifid ; gimme in numerous pairs, the lower ones opposite, often
1§-2 in. apart, 1-14 in. 1., 3 in. br., deltoid acuminate, cut down to the rachis in
the lower part into oblong or linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes ;
texture herbaceous; rachis like the stipe, both surfaces naked; sorz copious,
continuous ; ézvol, narrow, membranaceous.—/Hh. Sp. 2. p. 89. 7. 98, A. C.
Malaccensis, Fée.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 2-3,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula, Luzon, S. China.

28. C. subvillosa, Hk.; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1, polished, naked, bright
ehesnut-brown, rather brittle, clothed with lanceolate acuminate scales below ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; inne in numerous
pairs, the lower ones distant, 1 in. 1., more than 1 in. br., deltoid ; pinni. on
the lower side the largest, sometimes 1 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis below into oblong lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachis bright chesnut-
brown, slightly pubescent, upper surface naked, lower villose, especially on the
costa ; sorz copious ; zzvol. greenish.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 87. ¢. 98. B,

Hab. Pabur Valley and Simla, Himalayas ; gathered by\Mr. Edgeworth.—This species
and C. Dalhousie differ from all the rest of the subgenus in their broader segments and
more herbaceous texture, in which they agree with Adiantopsis capensis and Kirkit.

29. C. Dalhousie, Hk. ; st.-densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, when young clothed with linear scales ; fr. 6-12 in.1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; _pinn@ in numerous opposite pairs,
the lowest 2-3 in. 1, 1-14 in. br.; péinal. on the lowest side the largest,
sometimes 1 in. 1, linear-oblong, blunt, deeply sinuato-pinnatifid ; teature
herbaceous; rachis and costa naked and _ glossy like the stipe ; both surfaces
naked ; sori numerous, roundish, small. H&. Sp. 2. p. 80.

Hab. North of Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas to 10,000 ft.—Gathered also
lately by Mr. White in New Granada, and doubtless only a denudate variety of

Sarinosa.

380. C. allosuroides, Metten. ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-3 in. 1.,
wiry, erect, chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 4-6 in. 1. 2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnatifid ; pimn@ alternate, about 1 in. 1.,3 in. br., lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis into several ovate-acute pinnl., which are cuneate at the base and
slightly lobed below ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe, slightly hairy
above when young, glabrous when mature ; ézvol, narrow, greenish, nearly con-
tinuous.—LZett. Cheil. p. 32.

Hab. Mexico.—Our description is taken from specimens gathered by Schaffner. It
comes nearest C. Sieber2 in habit, but is less rigid, and the involucre is more continuous.

81. C. Sieberi, Kunze; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1, strong, wiry, polished,
dark chesnut-brown, fibrillose towards the base; fr. 3-6 in. l., 1-14 in br.,
oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; pznn@ in pairs, the lowest often distant, #-14 in.
1, #4 in. br., deltoid, with several opposite oblong-deltoid pinnl., which are
cut down to the rachis in the lower part; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachis wiry,
naked, polished, both surfaces naked ; znvol. small, narrow, pale-brown, roundish
and separate, or combined.—/Z&. Sp. 2. p. 83. ¢t. 97. B. C. Preissiana, Kunze.
lk. Sp. 2. p. 83.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines.—Species 31 to 35 form a
group of very closely allied plants.

82. C. bullosa, Kunze; st. densely tufted, 4-8 in. 1, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, wiry, slightly tomentose below, and clothed with lanceolate scales ; 7.
6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pimn@ in numerous opposite
pairs, the lower ones 1-12 in. apart, 13 in. 1, 2-1 in, br., lanceolate or sub-

3

138 25. CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS,

deltoid ; pinnd. of the lower side the largest, cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous linear-oblong segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe,
upper surface naked, lower glandular; sori copious ; énvol., pale-brown.—Hé.
Sp. 2. p. 88. t. 96. A.

Hab. Neilgherry Hills, S. Hindostan.—Very near C. Sieberi, of which it is not unlikely
only a larger and more robust variety, and both have a close connection with C. mul-
tifida,

33. C. multifida, Swartz; st. tufted, 3-9 in. 1, strong, erect, dark chesnut-
brown, polished, slightly scaly towards the base; jr. 3-12 in. 1. 2-8 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid; dower pinni. opposite,
remote, erecto-patent, deltoid, 2-6 in ].; wt. dévisions linear-oblong, deeply
lobed and the margin in the fertile plant much recurved ; texture subcoriaceous 5
rachis dark chesnut-brown, naked and polished, both surfaces naked ; soré
terminal on the lobes, small, roundish, slightly confluent ; vol. membranaceous.
—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 90. t. 100. B. Gard. F. t. 39.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Zambesi Land and St. Helena, and sent also from
Java by Dr, Blume.—Dr. Kirk’s tropical specimens are larger and more compound than
those from further south, but appear to be the same plant.

84. C. Wrightit, Hk.; st. 2-4 in. 1. strong, wiry, chesnut-brown, polished,
finely fibrillose below when young; /r. 2-3 in. 1, 1-15 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; pénn@ in several opposite pairs, the lowest about 1 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
deltoid ; pinnl. cut about halfway down into- oblong-acute lobes ; ¢eature sub-
coriaceous ; rachis like the stipe, both surfaces naked ; soré copious, the margin
of the fertile fronds much incurved.— HE. Sp. 2. p. 87.¢. 90. A.

Hab, Gathered by Mr. Wright in 1849 in an expedition from Texas to New Mexico,
U.S. A.—In habit it comes very near the small forms of C. tenuifolia, but the involucres
are less confluent,

35. C. tenuifolia, Swartz ; st. not tufted, 4-8 in. 1., wiry, flexuose, naked, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, slightly fibrillose towards the base; fr. 4-8 in. L.,
3-4 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinnw in numerous opposite pairs, the lowest
2-4 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., deltoid ; pénnd. on the lowest side the largest, the lowest
lin. 1., cut down to the rachis into oblong entire or sinuato-pinnatifid segm. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished like the stipe, both surfaces green and
naked ; sort roundish or subcontinuous ; émvol. narrow, brownish, more or less
toothed.— Zk. Sp. 2. p. 82. t. 87. C.

Hab. Himalayas (sub-tropical region), Madras, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and
Islands, S. E. China, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, Australia, and southward to
Van Diemen’s Land, and an undistinguishable plant gathered in Uruguay by Tweedie
and Gibert.

§§§ Physapteris, Pres! (Myriopteris, Fée). Involucres confluent, ultimate segments
very small, beadlike. Sp. 56-48.

36. C. Regnelliana, Mett.; st. 2 in. 1, erect, wiry, dark chestnut-brown,
naked, polished; fr. 2-3 in. 1., rather more than 1 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pimne numerous, close, spreading at right angles from the rachis,
with 8-10 small beadlike nearly sessile pinnd. on each side, which are hardly
more than 4 lin. each way and rolled up like a ball; rachis rigid, chestnut-
brown, glandular ; ¢eatwre coriaceous ; sori hidden. ae ;

Hab. Brazil.—Our description is taken from Brazilian specimens gathered by Lind-
berg. : :

387. C. induta, Kunze; st. 3-6 in. ]., naked, polished, chestnut-brown, clothed
thinly with linear-lanceolate scales when young; /7. 8-6 in, 1., 14-2 in. br.,

25. CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS. 139

ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne rather remote, deltoid ; pinnl. 3-Zin.
1, eut down to the rachis into oblong lobed segm.; rachis polished like the
stipe, but more or less tomentose ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface naked,
very convex in the mature fertile frond, under surface tomentose like the rachis ;
sorz marginal.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 92. ¢. 102. A.

Hab. Cape Colony ; discovered by M. Drége.—It resembles C. lanuginosa and Szovitziz
in size and general appearance, but is naked on the upper surface, and not at all matted
beneath.

38. C. lanuginosa, Nuttall; st. densely tufted, erect, wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, thinly clothed with spreading woolly hairs; fr. 4-8 in. 1,
1-1} in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinnw in opposite pairs, the lower
ones deltoid ; pinni. linear-oblong, contiguous, cut down to the rachis into
numerous small roundish or oblong segm.; rachis tomentose ; teature sub-
coriaceous ; upper surface grass-green, slightly tomentose ; lower surface densely
matted with a coat of pale-brown woolly tomentum, the margin of the segm.
much incurved; sort copious, marginal.—C. lanosa, Moore. C. vestita, Hk. Sp.
2.p.99. C. gracilis, Riehl, Fée, Gen. Fil. 149, oldest name.

Hab. Illinois and Wisconsin westward and southward to the Rocky Mountains, Cali-
fornia, and New Mexico, :

89. C. Szovitziz, Fisch. & Meyer; st. densely tufted, erect, wiry, polished,
chesnut-brown, thinly coated with spreading woolly hairs, mixed with linear
scales; fr. 3-6 in. L, 1-13 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinne in
opposite pairs, the lower ones deltoid ; yénni. linear-oblong, contiguous, cut
down to the rachis below into small roundish beaded segm. ; rachis scaly and
tomentose like the stipe; tewture subcoriaceous ; upper surface green, slightly
tomentose ; lower surface densely matted witha coat of pale-brown woolly hairs,
the margin of the segm. much incurved ; sori copious, marginal.— Hk, Sp. 2.
p. 98.t. 98. C. fimbriata, Visiani. C. persica, MZett., oldest name.

Hab. Asia Minor and Persia southward to N. Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas
to 8,500 ft., Italy and Dalmatia.—Very near C. lanuginosa, from which it only differs
by having distinct scales mixed with the tomentum upon the stipes and rachis. Notho-
lena persica, Bory, is this species.

40. C. gracillima, Eaton; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1, wiry, slender, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, only slightly scaly towards the base; fr. 3-4 in 1,
1in. br., narrowly ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; lower pinne opposite,
Janceolate-deltoid, about $ in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into several
linear-oblong segm. on each side, the largest of which are 4 in. ]., and the lowest
again slightly divided ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly fibrillose ; upper
surface naked, the lower densely matted with pale-brown woolly tomentum, the
margin of the segm. much incurved ; sor? copious, marginal.—aton in Report
Mex. Bound. Survey, vol. 2. p. 284. C. Féei, Moore.

Hab. British Columbia, Oregon, California, Missouri, New Mexico, Guatemala,—A
much less hairy and less divided plant than C. lanuginosa, with larger and less distinctly
beaded segments.

41. C. Fendleri, Hk. ; st. scattered, 2-4 in. I, wiry, chesnut-brown, polished,
slightly scaly ; fr. 8-4 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne
lanceolate-deltoid, about # in. ]., Zin. br.; pinnl. linear-oblong, cut down to the
rachis into numerous small oblong beaded segm. ; rachis densely clothed above
with lanceolate acuminate entire scales, which are bright reddish-brown in the
centre, silvery-white towards theedge ; upper surface quite naked, under surface
scaly only, not matted; texture subcoriaceous, margin much incurved; sord
copious, marginal.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 108. t. 107. B.

Hab, Rocky Mountains southward to California and New Mexico.

140 25, CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS.

42, C. Lindheimeri, Hk.; st. scattered, 8-6 in. 1., wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, thinly clothed with linear-lanceolate scales, scarcely tomentose ; fr.
3-6 in. 1, 1§-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pimme@ numerous, con-
tiguous, the lowest about 1 in. 1, 2 in. br., lanceolate ; pimnd. numerous, linear-
oblong ; wi. segm. numerous, minute, roundish ; rachis densely scaly above ;
upper surfaee woolly, the lower densely matted with wool and ovate-acuminate
bright reddish-brown scales, margin of the segments much incurved ; soré
copious, marginal. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 101. ¢. 107. A.

Hab. Texas and New Mexico.—This quite agrees with C. myriophylla in habit and
texture, differing only in its wide-creeping rhizome and stipes without woolly
tomentum.

43. C. myriophylla, Desv.; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, erect,
densely clothed with pale woolly tomentum ; /r. 4-6 in. 1., 15-2 in. br., ovate-lan-
ceolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne about 1 in. 1., 3 in. br., lanceolate-
deltoid, cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong pinni. on both sides,
which are again slightly branched at the base; wit. segm. very small, roundish,
beadlike ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis clothed with tomentum like the stipe and
also with distinct lanceolate-acuminate entire scales; upper surface green and’
pilose, lower densely matted and scaly, the margin of the segments much
incurved ; soré copious, marginal Zé. Sp. 2. p. 100. ¢. 105. A.—, C. elegans,
Desy. ; ult. segm. obovate-pyriform, usually tapering into a distinct stalk.— Hi.
Sp.t. 105. B.C. paleacea, Mart. 5 Gal. .

Hab. Tropical America, especially in the west side, from Mexico southward to Peru
and Chili, and discovered lately by Capt. Beddome in the Neilgherries. Of I. chetlogly-
phis and rufa of Fée, both Mexican plants gathered by Schaffner, I have not seen
specimens.

44, C. scariosa, Kaulf.; st. densely tufted, not more than 1-2 in. 1., densely
coated with large lanceolate whitish-brown scales; fr. 6-8 in. 1, 1 in. br.,
narrowly ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate; pinme numerous, contiguous, linear-
oblong, ty in. 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong pinml. ;
rachis and both surfaces densely coated with lanceolate-acuminate scales, which
are about 2 lin. 1., $ in. br., bright-brown in the centre, silvery-white towards
the ciliated and villous margin ; edge of the segments much incurved.—H&, Sp.
2. p. 99. &. 104, A.

Hab. Andes of Peru, and said to have been also gathered in Mexico,—The only species
of the group with a dense coating of large scales.

45. C. Eatoni, Baker ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, erect, densely clothed with
pale-brown linear-subulate scales; fr. 3-8 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; lower pinn. distant, alternate or opposite, deltoid; pinni. linear-
oblong, pinnatifid ; rachis rigid, covered with scales like the stipe, which also
cover thickly the midrib of the pinne beneath ; tezture coriaceous ; upper surface
densely clothed with white woolly tomentum, lower also densely matted, the
margin of the segments incurved.—C. tomentosa, Zk. Sp. 2. p. 96. (én part),
t. 109. A. non Link. ;

Hab, Gathered in an expedition from Western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, October
1849, C. Wright, No. 816.—This differs from C. tomentosa by being coated with distinct
scales instead of mere woolly hairs on the stipe, rachis, and midrib of the pinnew beneath,
and by being matted with tomentum on the upper surface. Gordon’s Colorado plant is
perhaps the same, but is more slender and less distinctly scaly. We are indebted*to
Prof. Eaton for the elucidation of the United States species of the genus,

46. C. tomentosa, Link ; st, tufted, 4-6 in. 1. strong, erect, densely matted
with pale-brown woolly tomentum ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; lower penn. distant, opposite, 1-14 in. L, 3-2 in. br., deltoid ;
pinul. linear-oblong, cut down to the rachis into numerous small oblong bead-

e

25, CHEILANTHES, §§{§ ALEURITOPTERIS. 141

like segm. ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis densely woolly like the stipe; upper
surface grey-green, pubescent, lower densely matted, the margin of the segm.
incurved ; zzzol. pale, membranaceous.—C. Bradburii, Hk, Sp. 2. p. 97. t. 109. B.
and C. tomentosa, Hé. (in part).

Hab. North Carolina and Tenessee, southward to Mexico.—The American botanists ~
have the authority of Prof, Kunze for referring the common Physapteris of the Southern
States to C. tomentosa. There is a specimen, said to be from Jamaica, from Mr. A. B.
Lambert, in the Hookerian Herbarium. The Afghanistan plant, mentioned in ‘‘ Species
Filicum ” is C. Szovitzii. ;

47. C. lendigera, Swartz; st. 8-12 in. 1, strong, erect, polished, chesnut-
brown, clothed with copious rusty-brown tomentum ; fr. 4-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br.,
lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid; pimn@ numerous, the lowest opposite,
erecto-patent, 2-3 in. ]., 3-2? in. br., lanceolate ; pzmn/. numerous, linear-oblong,
. cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct convex small segm. 3 lin. or less
each way; rachis densely tomentose; texture subcoriaceous; upper surface
naked, lower villose ; sov¢ subcontinuous ; zzvol. membranaceous, whitish.—H&.
Sp. 2. p. 95. t.104. B—, C. minor, Mart. & Gal.; hairs of the rachis less
copious and more chaffy.— A. 2. v. ¢. 106. A.

Hab. Mexico (ascending to 9-11,000 ft.), southward to the Andes of New Granada and
Ecuador.—C. frigida of Linden and Moore belongs here.

48. C. speciosissima, A. Br.; st. 3-6 in. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed with
large (1-13 in. 1., 4-4 in. br.) linear-lanceolate ferruginous scales ; fr. 12-24 in.
1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnate ; pinn@ numerous, contiguous, 2-3 in. 1.,
2 in. br., spreading, lanceolate ; pznn/. numerous, close, linear-oblong, cut down
to the rachis into numerous small beaded segm.; texture subcoriaceous; rachis
densely paleaceous below like the stipe, the upper part of the rachis of the pinne
densely clothed with long rusty woolly hairs; upper surface nearly naked,
under side tomentose ; sorz not quite marginal, the edge of the segments much
incurved, membranaceous and toothed at the border so as to form a subconfluent
involucre.—H&. Sp. Fil. 2. p.103. Plecosorus mexicanus, Fée.

‘Hab. Mexico (ascending to 12,000 ft.) and Guatemala.— The genus Plecosorus of Fée
is characterized by distinctly intramarginal sori.

§§§§ Aleuritopteris, Fée. Involucres more or less confluent, fronds coated
beneath with white or yellow powder. Sp. 49-53.

49. C. rufa, Desv.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, densely clothed with rusty-brown
woolly tomentum, jr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ;
pinne opposite, the lower ones with 1-2 in. between them, oblong; pinnl. on
the lower side the largest, +3 in. 1., linear-oblong, sinuato-dentate ; teature
herbaceous ; rachis densely tomentose like the stipe ; upper surface tomentose,
under surface more or less coated with white powder ; sor¢ copious, marginal,
roundish, small ; invol. brown, ciliated.— Hz. Sp. 2. p. 79. t. 99. A.

Hab. North of Hindostan, ascending to 4,000 ft—The only tomentose plant of the
group.

50. C. aurantiaca, Moore; st. tufted, 1-2 in, 1, chesnut-brown, polished,
fibrillose below ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bipinnate ; pinne opposite, the lower
ones spreading, lanceolate, 1-13 in. L, 3-2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into numerous linear-oblong entire or slightly crenated pinni.; rachis and upper
surface naked, lower densely coated with bright orange meal ; texture herbaceous;
sori marginal, copious.—Allosorus, Presi. Pteris, Cav. C. ochracea, Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 114. Ic. Pl. t. 904, Pteris lutea, Cav. teste Fournier.

Hab. Mexico. %

142 26. CASSEBEERA.

51. C. Welwitschiit, Hk. MSS.; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. L, wiry, naked,
dark chesnut-brown, polished ; 77. 6-12 in. ]., 2-8 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnatifid ;
pinne with 1}-2 in. between the lowest, in opposite pairs, the lowest deltoid,
1j in. 1., Lin. br., cut down to the rachis below into long linear-oblong sinuato-
dentate pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; lower surface densely coated with bright-

* yellow meal, the costes and rachis polished like the stipe ; sori numerous, small,
subcontinuous, marginal.

Hab. Angola, frequent—2,400-3,800 ft., Dr. Welwitsch, 148 & 198.—This comes near
C. aurantiaca, but is much more lengthened out in the stipe and frond.

52. C. argentea, Hk.; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, clothed at the base with linear scales when young; fr. 3-4 in. l.,
2 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid, upper part not cut down to the rachis ;
lower pinne much the largest, cut down nearly to the rachis; lowest pinnl.
sometimes 4 in. ]., sinuato-pinnatifid; rachis and costa polished like the
stipe; upper surface naked, green, lower thickly covered with white ceraceous °
powder ; sor¢ numerous, very small, brownish, united at the base, marginal.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 76.—B, C. chrysophylla, Hk? Sp. 2. p. 1183 pinnl. more nearly
equal, in numerous opposite pairs, the frond narrower and longer, densely coated
with yellow, not white, powder on the under side.

Hab. a, Siberia, from the Allai to Kamschatka, Japan, China, Malayan Peninsula, and
Khasya ; 8, Khasya, ascending to 5,500 'ft.—There is a wide range of forms, as may be
well seen in the large quarto figure in Fil. Exot. t. 95, in the shape of the frond and
thickness and colour of the ceraceous coating.

53. C. farinosa, Kaulf.; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1, wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, clothed with linear scales when young; /?. 3-12 in. 1, 3-6 in.
br., lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnatifid ; pimnw in numerous opposite pairs,
the lower ones often much the largest, with the lowest pinnules longer than the
others (1-2 in. 1.) and deeply sinuato-pinnatifid, most of the others with a broad
entire central space ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and costa naked and polished
like the stipe ; under surface densely coated with pure white powder ; sori small,
brown, placed in a continuous line along the edges.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 77. Hh. &
Gr. Ic. 134. Bot. Mag. t. 4765.

Hab. Africa—Cameroon Mountains, Angola, Zambesi Land, Bourbon, Abyssinia.
Asia—Arabia, Himalayas (up to 7,000. ), Bombay, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan
Peninsula, Java, Philippine Islands, Brazil, Mexico (up to 8,000 ft.), Guatemala, New
Granada.—Very variable in size. The coriaceous coating is occasionally thin, and some-
times yellowish. Includes Alewritopteris farinosa, dealbata, and mexicana of Fée.

Gen. 26. Casszpunra, Kaulf.

Sori terminal on the veins, subglobose or oblong, not reaching beyond the
branches of a single vein. Jnvol. inserted distinctly within the margin and
separate from it, of the same shape as the sorus and pressed down uponit. Tab.
IIL. f. 26. Three local Brazilian species.

1. C. triphylla, Kaulf.; st. slender, wiry, 2-3 in, ]., naked, blackish, polished ;
jr. digitate, # in. each way, formed of 8 to 5 nearly equal linear-oblong seg-
ments ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; sorz in close rows along the
margin of the segments.— Hi. Sp. 2. p. 118.

Hab. S. Brazil and Monte Video.

2. C. pinnata, Kaulf. ; st. 6-12 in. 1, stout, erect, polished, dark-brown, naked;
Jr. about G6 in, each way, simply pinnate with crenate linear-oblong pinne 2-3

27. ONYCHIUM. 143

in. 1., }2 in. br. when flat, or somewhat compound below, the margins of the
segments much incurved in the mature plant; texture coriaceous, both surfaces
naked; sori in close rows along the margins.—Hké. Sp. 2. p. 119.

Hab. South Brazil.—C. petiolata (Fée, Mem. p. 30. t. 12), which we have not seen, is
perhaps a small form of this species,

3. C. gleichenioides, Gardn. ; st. 6 in. 1., stout, erect, naked, polished ; 77. 6-9
in. 1., bipinnate, with stalked linear pinne 1-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into
numerous quadrangular pinnl. 1 lin. br., which are incurved and rolled over the
rachis, sometimes the lower branches again branched ; texture coriaceous; soré
occupying the whole margin of the segments on which they are placed.—Hk&. Sp.
2.p.119. Le. Pl. t. 507.

Hab. Diamond District, Brazil, Gardner, 5295.—A very distinct and peculiar plant,
with the habit of Fugleichenia,

Gen. 27. Onycuium, Kaulf.

Sort placed upon a continuous linear receptacle, which connects the apices of
several veins. Jnvol. parallel with the margin of the segments, linear, opposite,
pressed down over the sori, the edge nearly or quite reaching the midrib.
Tas. III. f. 27. United by Mettenius with Pteris, from which the four closely
allied species differ rather in the cutting of the frond and the smaliness and narrow-
ness of the ultimate segments than essentially in fructification.

1. O. melanolepis, Decaisne; st. tufted, 46 in. 1., slender, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. 3-4 in. L., 2 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne 1-14 in.1.,
deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid, distant; ult. divisions linear-oblong when barren, not
more than 1-1} lin. 1.; texture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; éuvol.
pale. membranaceous.—Hék. Sp. 2. p. 124. Lc. Pl. t. 902.

Hab. Arabia, Persia, and Abyssinia,

2. O. strictum, Kunze; st. tufted, slender, 6-12 in. 1., naked, polished, straw-
coloured ; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; pinne deltoid ;
pinnl. with a few distant segm., which are very narrow and acute, entire or once
or twice cleft at the apex or slightly again branched; wl. divisions sharp-
pointed and very narrow ; teature herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked,
the fertile segments larger than the others ; zmvol. often considerably shorter than
the segments on which they are placed, pale, membranaceous.— Hk, Sp. 2. p. 123.
2nd Cent. t. 32.

Ifab, Cuba; gathered by Linden and Wright.

8. O. auratum, Kaulf.; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne
46 in. 1, subdeltoid, erecto-patent ; pinn/. and segm. numerous, usually deltoid ;
ult. divisions of the sterile frond often obovate-cuneate, trifid at the apex, not
more than 1 lin. 1., 3-4 lin. br. when entire, coriaceous in texture, of the fertile
frond podlike, 3-1 in. l, 4 in. br.; rachis and both surfaces naked, the mem-
branous involucres and copious sori a rich golden-yellow.—Zé. Sp. 2. p. 121.
Hk. & Gr. t. 121.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending 5,000 ft., and Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

mm, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1, stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown; /r. 1 ft. or more I., 6 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae
4-6 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinni. and segm. numerous, usually deltoid, the
‘copious linear-mucronate ult. divisions 13-2 lin. 1., nearly uniform in the barren

144 28. LUAVEA. 29. CRYPTOGRAMME, 30, PELLEA.

and fertile fronds ; teature herbaceous or, when mature, subcoriactous; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; invol. pale, membranaceous ; sor? brown.—Hk. Sp, 2. p.
122. O. lucidum, Spreng. Hk, Sp. 2. p. 121.

Hab. Japan, China, North of India (ascending in Sikkim to 9-10,000 ft.), Java.—The
plant common in Japan does not differ from the ordinary Himalayan form. O. Capense,
Kunze, seems to be this reported from South Africa by mistake.

Gen. 28. Luavea, Lagas.

Sori linear, occupying the whole length of the changed pod-like segments of
the upper part of the frond. Jnvol. the same shape, rolled over and quite con-
cealing them. Tas. III. f. 28. °

1. L. cordifolia, Lagasca; st. 1 ft. 1. strong, erect, naked, straw-coloured,
fibrillose towards the base; jr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., tripinnate, the lower part
sterile, with stalked ovate segm., 14-2 in. 1., 4-2 in. br.,’the fertile segments of the
upper part pod-like, 13-8 in. 1. ; tevture subcoriaceous; both surfaces naked ;
ee prominent.—A&. Sp. 2. p. 125. Ic. Pl. t. 887-8. Ceratodactylis, J. Sm.

Ctt.

Hab. Mexico, ascending to 7,500 ft.
Gey. 29. Cryprogramur, 2. Br.

Sterile and fertile fronds usually different from the same root; soré terminal
on the veins, at first separate, subglobose, afterwards confluent, the continuous
énvol. formed of the changed margin of the frond, rolled over them till full
maturity. Tas. III. f. 29. Zhis and Llavea differ from Pellea‘’§ Allosorus
rather in the dimorphic fronds than in anything else.

1. C. crispa, R. Br.; st. tufted, straw-coloured, polished, brownish, and
slightly sculy dowards the base; jr. 2-4 in. 1, 13-2 in. br., oblong, tri- or
quadripinnatifid ; w/t. segm. of the barren frond obovate-cuneate, deeply pin-
natifid, those of the fertile frond -pod-shaped, 3-¢ in. 1.; ¢eature thickly
herbaceous, both surfaces naked.—6, C. Brunoniana, Wall. ; habit of a, but the
fertile segments oblong, about 3 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., with the invol. spreading in the
mature plant and a space left free from fruit in the centre—Hk&. & G'r. t, 158.—
y, C. acrostichoides, R. Br. ; habit larger and stronger, barren segments thicker
in texture and more prominently veined and not so deeply cut, the fertile ones
2 in, or even 3 in. 1., 1 lin. br., the invol. spreading when mature.—Hk. & Gr.
2,29. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 130.

Hab. a, Arctic Europe to Lake Baikal, Mount Olympus in Bithynia, Etruria and
Sierra Nevada ; 6, Himalayas, at 10-15,000 ft. ; y, N. W. America, from Sitka and the
Arctic regions southward to Lake Superior, Oregon, and California.

Gen. 80. Prtuma. Link. Hooker. (See page 476.)

_ Sort intramarginal, terminal on the ‘veins, at first dotlike or decurrent on the
veins, but soon running into a line. Jnvol. formed of the more or less change

edge of the frond, quite continuous, sometimes very narrow. Allied to
Cheilanthes in habit of growth and geographical distribution, differing by the con-
tinuous involucre. Veins free in all the species except the last two, Tas. III. f. 80.

Tr

30. PELL&A, § CHEILOPLECTON, 145

§ Cheiloplecton, Fée extens. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, and veins
clearly visible, the involucre broad, and in most of the species rolled over the sorus
ull full maturity, Sp. 1-11.

* Fronds lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Sp. 1-4.

1. P. auriculata, Link ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., flaccid, bright chesnut-brown,
slightly scaly ; fr. 3-9 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with 12 to 18 rather
distant pinn@ on each side, which are slightly’ stalked and broader in the barren
than in the fertile frond, and vary in shape from lanceolate-oblong and entire, to
auricled at one or both sides at the base, or cut down nearly to the rachis in the
lower part into oblong lobes; texture herbaceous; rachts and both surfaces
naked ; invol. similar in colour and texture to the frond, broad and much
wrinkled.—H&. Sp.2.p. 140. Hk. & Gr. Le. t. 116.

Hab. Cape Colony.

2. P. Brewer, Eaton ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-3 in. L, wiry,
polished, chesnut-brown, nearly naked; fr. 2-3 in. 1., under 1 in. br., linear-
oblong, simply pinnate ; pine opposite, 6 to 8 on each side, the upper ones
ovate, undivided, sessile, the lower ones cleft down the centre nearly to the base
into two unequal halves, of which the lowest is the smallest, each the same shape
as the upper pinnee, and not toothed or further divided, the largest half about
Zin. 1., £ in. br. 3 texture thick, but scarcely coriaceous ; rachis naked, polished
like the stipe; both surfaces pale-green, naked; soré in coutinuous marginal
lines ; znvol. broad, pale, membranous. Laton, Proc. Am. Ac. Art. & Se. vol. 6.
p. 555.

Hab. California ; gathered by Messrs. Brewer and Hillebrand.—Very near P. auricu-
laia, but the cutting of the pinnz is different, and also the venation.

3. P. Seemanni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, slightly scaly.
at the base ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., deltoid-oblong, bipinnatifid ; lower pinne
not more than J in. I., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into a few
broad oblong blunt slightly-lobed pinnl.; rachis and both surfaces naked ; texture
herbaceous, but the venation scarcely visible; zxvol. narrow, membranous.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 141. t. 117. B.

Hab. Mazatlan, Mexico ; gathered by Dr. Seemann.—Very like P. awriculata in habit,
differing by its finer venation and narrower involucre.

4, P. gracilis, Hk. ; st. scattered, slender, 2-3 in. l., naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown, polished ; fr. 2-4 in. ]., 1-2 in. br., ovate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinne
lanceolate-deltoid, 1-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis ; dower pinn/. sometimes again
slightly divided ; wlé. segm. of the barren frond obovate, slightly crenate, of the
fertile one linear-oblong, terminal one much larger than the others ; tezture
thinly herbaceous and flaccid ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins visible ;
invol. broad, continuous, membranous.—HA. Sp. 2. p. 188. t. 183. B.

Hab, Canada to Wisconsin, rare ; Siberia, Tibet, and N. India, at 9-10,000 ft.—This
bas been confounded with Cryptogramme crispa, but is not tufted, and is much more
delicate in texture. Pieris Stellert of Gmelin is the oldest name,

. ** Frond deltoid. Sp. 5-11.

5. P. pilosa, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, wiry, brownish-black, more or less
clothed with small linear scales throughout ; barren and fertile fr. different,
the former deltoid, 14 in. each way, cut down to within} in. of the rachis ; lowest
pinne much the largest, deeply lobed, with the lobes again broadly crenate on tha
under side, the lower surface densely pilose, and the midrib scaly like the stipe ;

Tt

146 30. PELLZA, § CHEILOPLECTON.

fertile fr. larger and quite cut down to the rachis, with narrower, larger, and
more deeply-divided pinnee ; texture subcoriaceous ; ¢nvol. membranous, incurved.
—Hk, Sp. 2. p. 182. ¢. 114. B.

Hab. Bourbon.

6. P.columbina, Hk.; barren fr. with slender, wiry, naked, polished, brownish-
black stems 6 in. L., the frond not much over 1 in. each way, deltoid, cut down
to a broadly-winged rachis into two lobes on each side, the lowest of which is
much the largest and again deeply lobed and sinuated on the lower side ; fertile
fr. on longer and stronger stems, 2-3 in. each way, cut down nearly to the rachis
into about four lobes on each side, the upper of which are linear and entire, the
lowest again deeply lobed below with a compound lower and simple upper linear
segments ; teatwre subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous ; sord
soon hiding the narrow spreading membranous énvol.—P. lomariacea, 8, Hk. Sp.
2. p. 133. ¢, 112.—f, vestita ; st. shorter, clothed throughout with brown fibrillose

scales.

Hab. Brazil, summit of the Organ Mountains ; gathered by Mr. Gardner.— The alliance
of this seems to be with P. pilosa and geraniefolia. The barren fronds in size and
cutting much resemble those of the former,

7. PB. geraniafolia, Fée; st. 6-Qin. 1., naked, erect, wiry, brownish-black,
polished, slightly scaly towards the base; fr. 2-4 in, each way, deltoid, cut
down nearly to the rachis into 8 or 4 pinne on each side, of which the lowest,
pair is much the largest, with the péwnd. on the lower side much larger than the
others and deeply lobed with linear-oblong segm.; rachis and costa dark-coloured
and polished like the stipe ; tezture herbaceous, lateral veins once forked ; sori
in broad marginal lines HA. Sp. 2. p. 182. Le. Pl. t. 915. Pteris concolor,
Langs. 8 Fisch. Ic. t. 21, oldest name.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala southward to Brazil and Peru ; Polynesian
Islands from New Caledonia northward to the Neilgherries, N. China, and Subtropical
Australia, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi Land, Angola, and Cape Colony.—This and the two
preceding agree in habit with Pteris pedata and Cheilanthes Kirkit. From the former
their simple veins furnish the readiest mark of distinction. The plant from Australia,
sent by Dr. Mueller, gatheted at Rockhampton by Messrs. Thozet and Dallachy, is not
unlikely distinct. It has fronds not more than 1 in, each way, resembling closely in
cutting and texture the barren fronds of the preceding.

8. P. Tamburit, Hk.; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, naked, chesnut-brown, polished ;
fr. about 6 in. each way, deltoid, with three principal pinnw, the terminal one
cut, down nearly to the rachis into several broad, opposite, lanceolate lobes, of
which the upper ones are entire and the lower ones larger and sinuated ; lateral
pinne with the lobes on the upper side nearly entire, but those on the lower side
prolonged and again deeply. lobed, the largest entire divisions about 1 in. deep,
% in. br. at the base; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished, brown like the
stipe ; under surface thinly coated with white farina ; dnvol. brownish, continuous
but regularly crenated along the outer edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 184. t. 129. A.

Hab, Tambur Valley, East Nepaul; gathered by Dr. Hooker; A very distinct
species.

9. P. deltoidea, Baker ; st. tufted, 13-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
naked, polished ; fr. 14-2 in. each way, deltoid, bipinnate ; lower pinne much
the largest, lanceolate-deltoid ; lowest pinnd. cut. down to the-rachis below into
oblong lobes; wit. segm. oblong, or obovate obtuse, about 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br. ;
texture herbaceous or, when mature, subcoriaceous; rachés and both surfaces
naked ; veins immersed ; soré in continuous lines ; 2vol. membranous, crenate.
—Cheil., Kunze, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 107. :

Hab. Cape Colony, Burchell, 2088, Namaqua Land ; gathered by Drége, and latterl
by the Rev. Mr. Whitehead, , : as Uae ae

30. PELLEA, §§ ALLOSORUS. 147

10, P. Skinneri, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., stout, erect, straw-colour or pale-brown,
naked or slightly fibrillose; fr. 6-12 in. lL, 4-8 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
lower pinne deltoid ; lowest pinnl. 1-2 in. 1, 1 in. br., deltoid-acuminate, cut
down nearly to the rachis into broad oblong acuminate lobes ; rachis slightly
tomentose, both surfaces naked ; tezture scarcely coriaceous ; veins fine, incon-
spicuous ; zzvol. narrow, membranous.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 141. ¢.118. B.

Hab. Guatemala ; discovered by Mr. Skinner ; and much finer specimens have recently
been gathered by Messrs, Salvin and Godman.

11. P. rigida, Hk.; st. 4-6in.1., stout, erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked or
slightly scaly ; fr. 4-9 in. |., 3-6 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; lowest pinne
the largest, erect, patent, 3-4 in.1., subdeltoid ; pénnd. of the lower side larger
than the others ; wlt. segm. linear-oblong, obtuse, decurrent at the base, }-4 in. 1.
in the barren frond, 14-2 lin. br.; rachts naked or slightly scaly, both surfaces
naked or slightly hairy ; texture subcoriaceous; veins close and fine; sori ina
continuous marginal line, the broad pale wrinkled invol. rolled down tightly over
it—Hk. Sp. 2. p, 144. Cheiloplecton, Fée.

Hab, Mexico, Guatemala, and said to have been also found by M. Nee in Peru.

§§ Allosorus, Presi. Texture coriaceous ; the veins not perceptible ; the ultimate
segments of the frond at least twice as long as broad, often revolute at the margin ;
invol. broad, conspicuous. Sp. 12-82.

* Frond not more than bipinnately cut. Sp. 12-21.

12. P. (Allo.) ambigua, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong, simply pinnate, or bipinnate
at the base ; penne 13-2 in. 1., 1 lin. br., linear, erecto-patent, flexuose ; texture
subcoriaceous, brittle ; rachis and both surfaces naked, margin incurved ; znvol.
distinct from it, papyraceous, brown, continuous, mapped out into a series of
roundish depressions, the two opposite edges interlacing by a marginal fringe,
and sometimes concealing the dark-coloured polished midrib.—Cheil., DMetten.
Cheil. p. 49. Synochlamys ambigua, Fée, 8. Mem. t. 20.

Hab. New Granada ; discovered by M. Schlim in 1852.

13. P. (Allo.) atropurpurea, Link ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. ]., rigid, erect, more or
less tomentose ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., varying from lanceolate and simply
pinnate to ovate-lanceolate, with deltoid pinne 2-3 in. 1., with several pinnl. on
each side, the latter nearly sessile, 1-2 in. |., at most } in. br., entire or sharply
auricled at one or both sides at the base ; tezture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose
like the stipe ; both surfaces naked, except the costa beneath ; veins hidden ; znvol.
formed of the slightly altered incurved edge of the pinnules, at length nearly
hidden by the broad line of the fruit—é. Sp. 2. p. 189. P. glabella, DZett.

Hab. N. America, from sub-arctic latitudes southward to Texas, the Rocky Moun-
tains, and British Columbia ; Orizaba, Mexico, Bourgeau; Andes of Mecoya, 8-10,000 ft.,

Pearce.

14. P. (Allo.) pectiniformis, Baker ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; st. 2-6
in. ]., terete, ebeneous, naked or slightly scaly ; basal scales dense brown, fibril-
lose ; fr. lanceolate, 3-1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., mostly simply pinnate ; pinn@ narrow,
ligulate, 1 lin. br., entire, with revolute margins, blunt, base cordate, obscurely
stalked ; rachis rigid, strong ebeneous, clothed with adpressed linear membranous
scales ; ¢eture rigidly coriaceous ; surfaces green, glabrous; veéns immersed ;
inv. pale, firm, glabrous.—Pteris pectiniformis, Godet, Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 87.
Pellea dura, edit. 1. ex parte.

‘Hab. Natal, Angola, Mascaren Isles,

148 30. PELLEHA, §§ ALLOSORUS.

15. P, (Allo.) ternifolia, Fée ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-4 in. L.,
strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1§ in br.,
linear-lanceolate, with 6 to 12 opposite pairs of pinne, which are cleft down
nearly to the base into three linear mucronate rigid segments with enrolled edges ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis dark-coloured and polished like the stipe ; both surfaces
pale glaucous-green, naked; znvol. formed out of the edge of the frond, rolled over
the sori till they attain full maturity.—Hz. Sp. 2. p. 142. Fil. Exot.t. 15.

Hab. Tropical America, especially in the Andes, from Texas, southward to Peru and
Chili ; Sandwich lslands.— Easily recognizable by its claw-like pinne,

16. P. (Allo.) mucronata, Eaton ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, naked,
dark-brown, polished ; 77. 8-Gin. 1, 1-8 in. br., deltoid, bipinnate ; pinne spread-
ing or erecto-patent, rigid, 1 in. or more l., with several distant linear-oblong
pinnl. on each side, about 3 in. 1., with enrolled edges and a sharp mucronate
point; rachis chesnut-brown, polished like the stipe ; texture coriaceous ; both
surfaces naked, pale glaucous-green ; invol. broad, coriaceous, rolled permanently
over the sori.—A. mucronatus, Haton in Sill. Journ. July 1856. P. Wrightiana,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 142. ¢. 115. B. P. longimucronata, Hh. Sp. 2. p. 148. t. 115. A.

Hab. California, New Mexico, and valley of the Rio Grande.

17. P. (Allo.) tnvoluta, Baker; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1, wiry, erect, blackish,
polished, more or less fibrillose throughout ; 7. 3-4 in. ]., 1-13 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; fower pinne opposite, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to
the rachis into several deltoid pinn/., the upper of which are ternately lobed, the
lower cut down to the rachis below ; texture coriaceous ; rachis blackish, naked,
polished ; both surfaces green and naked; sori continuous ; émvol. distinct and
pale membranous.—Pteris, Sw. Cueil. profusa, Kunze. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 108.

Hab. Zanguebar and Cape Colony.—C. cornuta, from Zeyher and Drége, appears to
be safely referrible here ; but whether Ecklon’s plant, described by Mettenius (Cheil.
No. 33), ke the same is doubtful.

18. P. (Allo.) aspera, Baker ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. |., wiry, blackish, more
or less densely clothed with narrow scales and pale-brown tomentum ; fr. 4-6 in. L.,
about lin. br., narrowly ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ; lower pinne distant, deltoid,
3-2 in. 1, 2 in. or more br., cut down to the rachis into a few linear or ovate-
oblong nearly entire pinnl.; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis scaly and tomentose
like the stipe ; both surfaces pale-green and scabrous, with short white bristly
hairs ; soré copious, marginal, confluent.—Cheil., Hs. Sp. 2. p. 111. ¢. 108, A.

Hab. New Mexico ; gathered by Mr. C. Wright.—Very like P. cnvoluta in size and
habit, but easily recognizable by its scabrous hairy surface,

19. P. (Allo.) alabamensis, Baker; st, subtufted, 2-4 in, l., wiry, polished,
blackish, fibrillose below and at the base, with copious fine woolly reddish-brown
scales ; fr. 4-8 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinne
numerous, the lower ones opposite, about Zin. |., ¢ in. br., lanceolate, cut down
to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong segm., most of which are entire, but
the lowest often again pinnatifid; teatwre subcoriaceous; rachis_ blackish,
polished ; both surfaces naked ; sori continuous along both edges of the pinnules ;
ae yelcereay, membranous. Cheil., Kunze. Hk, Sp. 2. p. 89. t. 103. B,

jt, Ft. 900°

Hab, Alabama, Georgia, and Tenessee.

20, P. (Allo.) intramarginalis, J.Sm. ; st. tufted, 8-6 in. 1, erect, dark chesnut-
brown, polished, slightly fibrillose, below; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinne opposite, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down

1 nearly to the rachis into long linear-oblong pinnl. ; rachis polished like the stipe ;

30. PELLZA, §$ ALLOSORUS. 149

both surfaces naked ; veins beneath prominent, the lateral ones forked ; soré copious,
confluent, marginal ; énvol. broad, membranaceous, fringed.—Cheil., Hk. Sp. 2.
p- 112.—8, serratifolia (Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 72) ; pinnules distinctly toothed. Pteris
fallax, Mart. & Galeottr.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala,

21. P. (Allo.) ornithopus, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., rigid, erect, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. L., 2-3 in. br., deltoid, bipinnatifid; pinne
rigid, spreading, 1-14 in. 1., }-g in. br., with numerous distantly-placed sessile
pinnee on each side, which are cut to the base into three linear mucronate segm.,
of which the central one is the largest, but is not more than 13-2 lin. l.; rachis
polished like the stipe; éextuwre coriaceous; both surfaces naked, very pale
glaucous-green ; invol. broad, coriaceous, crenate, rolled permanently over the
sori.— Ak. Sp. 2. p, 144. ¢. 116. A.

Hab. California.—The pinnules here are clawed like the pinne of P. ternifolia.
** Frond at least tripinnatifid, Sp. 22-82.

22. P. (Allo.) nitidula, Baker ; st. densely tufted, slender, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, 3-6in. 1., fibrillose below ; /r.3-4 in.1., 1-14 in. br., bi-tripinnatifid ; pinnae
opposite, the lower ones deltoid, cut down tu the rachis into a few pinnl., the upper
ones linear-obiong, entire, the lower ones again pinnatifid; rachis and both sur-
faces naked ; sor copious, confluent ; invol. broad, membranous, toothed.—Cheil.,
Ak. Sp. 2. p.118. Lc. Pl,.10. t. 912. Allosorus, Pres?

Bab. Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft.

28. P. (Allo.) densa, Hk.; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender but wiry, polished,
chesnut-brown, naked; fr. 2-3 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ;
pinne and pinnl. crowded, deltoid or lanceolate ; segm. numerous, linear, with
enrolled edges, sessile or shortly stalked, sharp-pointed or mucronate, the terminal
ones the largest, sometimes + in. 1. ; éeatwre coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; invol. broad, rigid, rolled permanently over the sori H&. Sp, 2. p. 150.
#125. B. Onychium, Brack.

Hab. Oregon, Washington territory, and California,

24, P. (Allo.) robusta, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, bright-brown, naked,
polished ; fr. 2-3 in. 1, 1 in. or less br., oblong, obtuse, tripinnatifid ; pinnae
$-2 in. 1, deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several pinn/. on each side, with a
few thick linear-oblong simple or forked segm. not more than 14 lin. 1., 3 lin. br.;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces light-green, naked; soré in a
continuous line along both edges; invol. similar in substance to the frond, and
rolled over the fruit till full maturity.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 147.

Hab. Namaqua Land, 8. Africa.—This and P. densa are very like Cryptogramme crispa
in size and habit, but the barren and fertile fronds are similar, the segments smaller
and more crowded, and the involucre thicker in texture.

25. P. (Allo.) Botvini, Hk.; sf. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, naked, dark-brown,
polished ; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; pinn@ erecto-
patent or spreading, growing gradually smaller upwards, the lowest broadly
‘lanceolate, simply pinnate, or occasionally bipinnate ; ult. segm. ovate, bluntish
or acute, #-1 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., shortly stalked, cordate or rounded at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose ; both surfaces naked; veins sunk in the
frond ; sorz in a continuous line all round the segments; invol. membranous,
nearly half a line broad.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 147. t. 118. A.

150 30. PELLHA, §§ ALLOSORUS.

Hab. Madagascar, Mauritius, Macalisberg, Ceylon, Neilgherries (3-5,000 ft.).—This
comes near P. Aastata in size and habit, but the segments are narrower, and the involucre
is that of this section,

26. P. (Allo.) andromedefolia, Fée; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, pale-brown,
naked, densely clothed at the base with linear subulate reddish-brown scales ; /r.
6-12 in. l., 8-6 in. br., ovate, tri- or quadripinnate ; pimn@ rigid, erecto-patent,
lanceolate-deltoid, the lowest with several linear oblong pinnl., the lower segm. of
which are sometimes slightly branched ; ult. divisions 13-2 lin. ]., linear-oblong,
blunt with enrolled edges ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked,
the wrinkled énvol. scarcely changed from the substance of the frond, and some-
times nearly meeting edge to edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 149. B, C. pubescens, Nutt. ;
rachis and pinnules pubescent. :

Hab. California, southward along the Andes to Chili; Cape Colony.

27. P. (Allo.) pulchella, Fée; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished,
dark chesnut-brown, naked; /r. 3-6 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., oblong, tripinnate ; lower
pinne deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, the very deciduous wit. segm. oblong, blunt,
scarcely more than } in. 1. by half as broad ; rachis rigid and polished like the
stipe ; tevture coriaceous, both surfaces green, naked, the edges of the fertile
segments much enrolled, and the broad énvol. permanently rolled over the sori—
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 150.

Hab. Andes, from New Mexico southward to Peru.

28. P. (Allo.) consobrina, Hk. ; st. strong, erect, 6-12 in.1., naked, dark-brown,
polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 4-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnae
deltoid, with the pinn/. of the lower side larger than the others, these latter usually
cut down into several lanceolate or deltoid pinnatifid segm. ; simple ult. divisions
linear-oblong, sometimes + in. ].; texture coriaceous; rachis and both sur-
faces naked ; sorz in a continuous line along the margins; invol. moderately
broad, membranous, the edge of the segments often enrolled—H&, Sp. 2. p. 146.
#117. A. P. Bojeri, Hs. Sp. 2. p. 146. 4.119. A. Cheil. Atherstonii, H4. Sp. 2.
p. 107. Pteris quadripinnata, Forsk, oldest name.

Hab. Cane Colony, Kaffraria, Natal, Mascaren Isles, Cameroons, and Abyssinia.—
P. Bojeri appears to be a slender form with a slightly fibrillose rachis. Mettenius refers
here C. triangula, Kunze, but Drége’s specimens are in part C. multifida.

29. P. (Allo.) angustifolia, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. l., strong, erect, naked,
dark chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in.1., 3-6 in. br., deltoid-oblong, quadri-
pinnatifid ; pinne 2-4 in. 1, lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. often cut down to the
rachis into numerous linear segm. with enrolled edges, the terminal ones much
the largest (4 in. or more |.) ; rachis polished ; tevture subcoriaceous, both sur-
faces pale-green, the upper slightly hairy ; envol. broad, membranous, rolled
over the sori. Cheil.. H, B.A. PP. decomposita, Hk, Sp. 2. p. 151. t. 119. B.
—B6, P. cuneata, J. Sm.; ultimate segments oblong-acute, } in. 1., $ in. br.
cuneate at the base.-—Cheilanthes cuneata, Link. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 107.

Hab. North of Mexico southward to Venezuela.—C, cherophylla, Kunze, seems to be
also a broad-leaved form of this.

30. P. (Allo.) glauca, J. Sm.; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1, strong, -erect, polished,

dark chesnut-brown, naked; fr. 8-4 in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;-

lowest pinne much the largest and the pinni. on the lower side larger than the
others, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into segm. which are again cut
down to the rachis below; wit. divisions about 4 in. 1, linear-oblong, with
enrolled edges, more or less crenate; texture coriaceous, upper surface green
and naked, lower surface and the rachis tomentose ; énvol. coriaceous, rolled

30, PELLHA, §§§ PLATYLOMA, 151

down over the sorii—Pteris, Cav. Swartz. Cheil., Met, P. hirsuta, A#. Sp. 2.
p. 153,

Hab, Chili and Mexico.

31. P. (Allo.) marginata, Baker ; st. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., strong, erect, polished,
chesnut-brown, naked, slightly fibrillose towards the base; /r. 4-8 in, 1., 3-6 in.
br., subdeltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne usually much the largest ;
pinni. on the lower larger than those of the upper side, the latter 1-2in. 1,
Janceolate-deltoid ; ult. divisions linear-oblong with revolute edges, 13-2 lin. 1.,
Z lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises and both surfaces naked ; sord confluent.
—Cheilanthes, H%. Sp. 2. p. 105.—8; C. pyramidalis, Fée, 8. Mem. t. 25; fr. lan-
ceolate ; pinne secund, with long sometimes } in.) pendent slightly compound
pinnules.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Jamaica southward to Peru and the Argen-
tine territory. The finest examples in the Hookerian Herbarium are from Salvin and
Godman’s Guatemalan collections, with the lowest pinnules more than 2 in. 1., 14 in. br. ;
but usually it is much smaller. C. pyramidalis looks very differeut to the ordinary form,
but appears connected with it by intermediate stages.

32. P. (Allo.) Barkiye, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1, strong, erect, naked, dark-
brown, polished ; /r. 1 ft. or more |., 9 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest
pinne 6-8 in. 1., subdeltoid ; pinni. on the lowest side the largest, with numerous
segm, on each side, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous linear ult.
divisions, 3 lin. ]., 1 lin. br.; texture coriacedus; rachis and both surfaces
naked; sori running along the opposite edges of the gradually narrowing
segments, so that the broad pale-brown membranous énvol. usually touch near
the top.—Cheil. Barklye, 1%. MSS.

Hab. Seychelles; sent by Lady Barkly and Dr. Kirk.—This comes nearest to the
broad-leaved form of P. angustifolia, but is much larger in size.

§§§ Platyloma, J. Smith. Teature coriaceous, the veins usually hidden, the
ultimate segments broad and flat, the involucre so narrow that it is soon hidden by the
Jruit. Sp. 33-40.

33. P. (Platy.) Bridgesit, Hk.; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, bright
chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. or less br., linear, simply pinnate ;
pinne 6 to 8 on each side, sessile, oblong, entire, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the
base ; feature coriaceous ; rachis naked and pulished like the stipe, hoth surfaces
naked, glaucous-green ; veins hidden ; soré in a broad marginal line with the
much-wrinkled membranous edge of the frond protruding beyond it till full
maturity.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 238. t. 142. B. *

Hab. California,

34, P. (Platy.) rotundifolia, Hk. 3 rhizome stout, creeping, scaly; s¢. 6-12 in.
1., stout, erect, more or less pubescent and clothed throughout with linear chaffy
scales; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1} in br., linear, simply pinnate; pimmw 10 to 20 on
each side, short-stalked, oblong or roundish, entire, obtuse or mucronate at the
point ; texture coriaceous; rachis densely scaly and tomentose, botli surfaces
naked ; veins beneath hidden; sor? in a broad marginal line soon hiding the
involucre.—&. Sp. 2. p.186. Fil. Ex, t. 48.

Hab. New Zealand andjNorfolk’ Island.

35. P. (Platy.) falcata, Fée; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 8-6 in. 1., strong,
erect, more or less pubescent and scaly ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong,
simply pinnate ; pzmn@ 10 to 20 on each side, nearly sessile, 4-1 in. 1., $-2 in. br.
lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, usually mucronate, often slightly falcate,

152 30. PELLMA, §§§ PLATYLOMA,

cuneate or dilated and cordate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis densely .
scaly and tomentose, both surfaces nearly naked; veins not visible ; sor? in
broad marginal lines, soon hiding the narrow énvol.—Hk&. Sp. 2. p. 186. % 11. B.
{a small form).

Hab. Tropical Hindostan, Malayan Peninsula, Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, New
Zealand, Kermadec Isles.—P. seticaulis, Hook. (P. alternifolia, Wallich), is a form with
densely hirsute stipe and rachis and subhirsute papillose pinne,

36. P. (Platy.) paradowa, Hk.; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, dark-brown,
naked or slightly tomentose ; 77. 6-9 in. ., 4-6 in. br., oblong, simply pinnate ;
pinne 4 to 6 on each side, short-stalked, with a considerable space between
them, 14-2 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., lanceolate, entire, acute or bluntish, cordate or
rounded at the base; texture coriaceous; veins hidden, midrib inconspicuous ;
rachis tomentose, both surfaces naked; sord in a marginal line often } in br.,
soon hiding the invol— Hb. Sp. 2. p. 185. t. 111. A. Ful, Ez.t, 21, Platyloma
Brownii, J. Sim. ‘

Hab, Queensland and N. 8. Wales.

87. P. (Platy.) Donéiana, Hk.; st. 4-8 in. 1, strong, erect, dark-brown,
polished, slightly tomentose and clothed with linear scales towards the base ;
jr. 6-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate or casually slightly
branched towards the base ; pimn@ short-stalked, 6 to 15 on each side, 2-4 in. 1.,
4-1 in. br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or very slightly serrated towards
the point, the base rounded or cordate; tewture coriaceous; rachis slightly
tomentose ; both surfaces naked, midrib nearly black in the lower part; sord in
a narrow marginal line soon hiding the involucre.— H&. Sp. 2. p. 187. t, 125.

Hab. Seychelles, the Niger country, Angola, and Zambesi Land. This is very like
P. paradoxa in size and habit, and is perhaps best distinguishable by the lower part of
the midrib of the leaves being black and polished like the rachis.

38. P. (Platy.) hastata, Link ; s¢. 6-12 in. 1., wiry, erect, dark chestnut-brown,
polished, naked ; fr. 6-24 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., oblong, bi- or tripinnate ; pinnae
erecto-patent, varying from simply pinnate to copiously bipinnate ; ult. divisions
ovate or lanceolate, not toothed, 1-2 in. ]., 4-4 in. br., or more, sessile or very
nearly so ; ¢ewture subcoriaceous ; veins fine but plainly visible, once or twice
forked ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sod in a narrow continuous marginal
line; znvol. rather narrow, membranaceous, nearly or quite hidden when the fruit
is mature.—H&. Sp. 2. p.145. Fil. Ex. t. 50. Pteris viridis, Forsk., oldest name.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Natal, Zambesi Land, Mascaren Isles, Cape Verdes and
Abyssinia.—There is a wide range in the size and branching of the frond and size aud sbape
of the segments. Kunze makes three species, C. hastata, macrophylla, and hastefolia.

39. P. (Platy.) calomelanos, Link ; st. tufted, strong, erect, 4-6 in 1, naked,
dark-brown, polished, slightly fibrillose towards the base; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br., subdeltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; lower pinne rigid, spreading or erecto-patent,
linear-oblong and simply pinnate or deltoid and bipinnate ; wit. segm. on rigid
black stalks, the lateral ones 3-3 in. each way, varying in shape from cordate-
oblong-obtuse to hastate-triangular, about as broad as long, the two sides at the
hase often unequal ; rachis shining, naked, blackish; feature coriaceous ; both
surfaces naked, glaucous-green ; vezns not perceptible ; sové in a broad marginal
line soon hiding the narrow membranous involucre.—HA&. Sp. 2. p. 140. Bot.
Mag. t. 4769. Pteris hastata, Thund. teste Kuhn.

Hab. Cape Colony, ascending to 4,000 ft., northward to Zambesi Land, Angola, and
Abyssinia ; Bourbon ; Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft.

4). P. (Platy.) cordata, J. Smith ; st, 6-9 in. L, strong, erect, straw-coloured,
polished, clothed below with small pale lanceolate scales when young ; fr. 1 ft.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 158

‘or more l., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnw lanceolate-deltoid, erecto-patent,

with a straight rachis, the lower ones slightly branched at the base ; segm. on
short stalks, oblong or ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, 4-1 in. ]., half as
broad, the point blunt; ¢eature subcoriaceous; rachis pubescent and both
surfaces slightly so; veins not visible; sor? in broad marginal lines which svon
hide the invol_Hk. Sp. 2. p. 148. Allosorus, Hk. Bot. Mag. t. 4692.—8, P.
Jlecuosa, Link ; rachises zigzag, the pinne and pinnl. spreading at right angles
or even deflexed.— Zk. Sp. 2. p. 148. Pteris, Hk. Jc. Pl. 2. t. 119.

Hab. Mexico and New Mexico southward along the Andes to Peru.—The two vari-
eties seem often very different in habit but, it is impossible to draw the line between them.
Mr. J. Smith also admits as distinct Pteris sagittata, Cav., in which the segments are
somewhat narrowed towards the point.

S§§§ Holcochlena, Baker. Texture and involucre of Platyloma, from which
they differ only by the reticulated venation. Sp. 41-42. ‘

41. P. (Holco.) Burkeana, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-6 in.L, naked, flexuose, polished,
nearly black ; fr. 3-4 in. ]., 2 in. br., with several pairs of simple, entire, short-
stalked upper pinnew, which are 1-1} in. ]., + in. or more br., quite entire,
rounded at the base, blunt at the point ; lower pinne slightly compound ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; coste black and polished in the lower part; tezture
coriaceous ; veins copiously anastomosing; sort quite continuous round the
margin of the pinnl., broad and ultimately hiding the reflexed involucre.—
Pteris, Hi. Sp. 2. p. 218. ¢. 126. B. Pteris dura, Weild., oldest name.

Hab. Cape, Angola, Mascaren and Comoro Isles.

42, P. (Holco.) angulosa, Baker; st. 6-12 in. 1, strong, erect, naked,
polished, dark chestnut-brown ; /r. 6-12 in. 1. each way, subdeltoid, bi- or tripin-
nate; upper pinne stalked, simple, cordate-ovate, 1-14 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., the
margin not toothed but sometimes undulated; lower pinne lanceolate-deltoid
with several similar pinnl. 4 in. or more apart, sometimes again compound
below ; texture coriaceous; rachis hairy ; both surfaces naked ; veins copiously
reticulated ; sovZ continuous to the apex of the segments, ultimately concealing
the reflexed involucre.—Pteris, Bory. Pteris articulata, Kaulfi Hk. Sp. 2. p.
214, 4. 126. A.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar.

Gen. 31. Preris, Linn. See page 478.

Sort marginal, linear, continuous, occupying a slender filiform receptacle in
the axis of the involucre. Jnvol. the same shape as the sorus, usually mem-
branous, at first quite covering it, at length more or less spreading. A large
he gen genus, including plants of almost every kind of division and venation.
Tas, III. f. 31.

§ Eupteris. Veins all free. Stems ccespitose, involucre single. Sp. 1-89.
Tas. IIL. f. 31. a. 3.

* Integrifolie. Lower pinne linear, undivided. Sp. 1-8.

1. P. longifolia, L.; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, pale, more or less clothed
below with pale-brown linear scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated -below ; pinnw sessile, often 20 to 30 on each side, 3-6 in. ]., $-3 in.
br., linear, entire, truncate or cordate or sometimes slightly auxicled at the base ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or slightly scaly below or throughout, both
surfaces naked ; veins close and fine, usually once branched ; invol. membranous,
yellowish-brown.— Hf, Sp. 2. p. 157.

U

154 31. prenis, § EUPTERIS.

Hab. Tropical and warm temperate regions all round the world; Spain, Dalmatia,
Sicily, Algiers, Abyssinia, Canaries, and Cape Verde Islands southward through Tropical
Africa to Angola, Macalisberg, Mauritius, and Bourbon ; Lebanon, Himalayas (up to
4,000 ft.), Chusan and Loo-choo southward to S. Australia ; West Indies, Mexico, and
‘Venezuela.

2. P. moluccana, Blume ; sé. strong, erect, naked, polished, dark-brown ; jv
2-8 ft. 1., oblong, simply pinnate ; penne in numerous nearly opposite pairs,
linear, cuneate at the base, spinuloso-serrated towards the point, the largest
12-18 in. 1., 3-2 in. br.; rachés naked, like the stipe, both surfaces bright-green
and shining; ¢ewture subcoriaceous; veins conspicuous, fine, close (about 6
to aline), usually simple ; invol. narrow, membranous.— Hs. Sp. 2. p. 158. t.
112. B.

Hab. Malayan and Solomon Islands.—According to Gaudichaud, this is P. indica,
Lam.

3. P. opaca, J. Sm.; st. strong, erect, pale, finely pubescent ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1,
oblong, simply pinnate ; pinne in numerous opposite pairs, linear, cuneate at
the base, quite entire towards the point, the largest about 1 ft.1., 4in. br. » rachis
pubescent, like the stipe; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked except the
midrib beneath ; veins sunk in the frond and only visible as faint striations ;
invol. narrow, brownish.—Hké. Sp. 2. p. 159. t.114. A. Pyenodoria, Presi.

Hab. Island of Samar, one of the Philippines, Cuming, 342.—A well-marked species,
out of which Pres] made a new genus upon a mistaken view of the involucre, which is
that of typical Pteris,

** Furcate. Lower pinne forked or slightly pinnate below, with a long linear
entire point. Sp. 4-11.

4. P. cretica, L.; st. 6-12 in. L, erect, wiry, naked, straw-coloured, or pale-
vrown, polished ; 7r. 6-12 in. L, 4-8 in. br. ; lateral pinnw usually in 2 to 6
opposite sessile pairs, of which the upper one is sometimes a little decurrent,
3-6 in. L., 4-2 in. br., the sterile ones considerably the broadest and spinuloso-
serrated, the lower pairs often cleft down nearly to the base into two or three
linear pinnl.; rachis and both surfaces naked ; teature coriaceous; veins fine,
close, parallel, simple or once forked ; émvol. pale, membranous.—Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 159.— 8B, P. stenophylla,*Ak. & Gr. Ic. t. 180 ; pinne 3 to 5 only, clustered at
the apex of the stipe. P. digitata, Wallich.—y, P. melanocaulon, Fée ; stipe
dark-coloured ; veins sometimes scarcely visible-—P. scabripes, Wall.

Hab. Italy, Crete, Corsica, Abyssinia, Bourbon, Natal, Cape Colony, Ural, Caucasus,
Arabia, Persia, Japan, Himalayas (up to 8-9,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Philippine Islands,
Fiji and Sandwich Islands, Florida, Mexico, and Guatemala.—A variegated form (albo-
lineata, Hort.) is figured in Bot. Mag. t. 5194. It has been gathered lately in Brazil by
Dr. Glaziou.

. 5. P. pellucida, Presl; st. 1ft. or more 1. erect, naked, straw-coloured or
brown; jr. 12-18 in. 1., ovate-lanceolate, simply pinnate; pinne usually in-
8 to 6 sessile pairs, linear, entire or serrated towards the point, the upper ones
slightly decurrent, the lower ones often 8 in. 1., 1 in. br., usually all simple,
but occasionally the lowest forked; rachis naked; texture coriaceous, both
surfaces bright-green, often glossy ; veins conspicuous, fine, close (about three
to a line), simple or once forked ; zmvol. membranous, brownish.—Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 161. ¢. 129. B. (@ simple-fronded state). P. venusta, Kunze. P. venulosa, Blume.

Hab, Himalayas, Indian Peninsula, Malayan Peninsula, Philippines, Guinea Coast.
—Different in the typical state from P. eretica, but not satisfactorily distinct.. Pinns
of the sterile frond not much broader than the others, scarcely toothed, but sometimes
crisped at the edge.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 155

6. P. Hookeriana, Agardh ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, erect, pale; fr. 9-12 in. L,
6-9 in. br., with a long, linear, entire terminal pinna, and two to six pairs of
sessile opposite entire lateral ones, the largest of which is about 6 in. L, 2 in. br.,
and the lowest of which is forked at the base on one or both sides; tezture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, opaque ; reins nearly 1 lin. apart at
the base, simple or once forked, conspicuous above, but scarcely visible beneath ;
tnvol, narrow, brownish.—HE. Sp. 2. p. 165.

Hab. Adam’s Peak, Ceylon, at about 2.000 ft.—Regarded by Mr. Thwaites as a variety
of P. cretica. The sori are slightly intramarginal.

7. P. dactylina, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in.1., slender, wiry, naked, straw-coloured ; /r.
consisting of 3 to 5 linear slightly serrated pinne, 2-6 in. 1., 13-2 lin. br., which
issue from at or near the same point, sometimes the two outer ones from a little
below the others ; fezture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous,
simple or forked, usually about 1 lin. distant from one another at the base;
invol. broad, pale-—HE. Sp. 2. p. 160. é. 130. A.

Hab. Nepaul, Sikkim, and Khasya, ascending to 9,000 ft.—In habit this comes near
P. cretica B, but the venation is different.

8. P. umbrosa, R. Br.; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, bright reddish-brown,
scabrous ; 7r. 12-24 im. L, 6-12 in br., with a terminal pinna and usually 6 to 9
lateral ones, all of which run down the stipe at the base so as to form a broad
wing which reaches nearly or quite to the next node, the upper ones linear,
3-6 in. L, }} in. br., finely serrated in the sterile portions, the lower ones
forked or with 2 or + erecto-patent linear pinnules ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; texture coriaceous ; vetns fine but conspicuous, simple or once forked.—
HE. Sp. 2. p. 162. t. 130. B.

Hab. Tropical and Temperate Australia.— A larger plant than P. crefica, with a
conspicuously winged rachis and several compound pinnz.

9. P. serrulata, L. fil. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked, pale or brownish ; jr.
9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, bipinnatifid, the main rachis margined with a wing
which is 13-2 lin. br. at the top, and grows gradually narrower downwards ;
pinne in six or more distant opposite pains, the upper ones simple, often 4-6 in.
1., #4 im. br., the lower ones with several long linear erecto-patent pinnules on
each side, the edge of the barren ones spinuloso-serrulate ; fezture scarcely
coriaceous ; vachis and both surfaces naked ; teins clearly visible, simple or once
forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base; invol. narrow, membranous.—ZHE. Sp.
2. p. 167.

Hab. A well-known plant in gardens, common in China, and received lately from Japan
from Dr. Hance, and from Natal from R. W. Rawson, Esq.—P. luzuriosa, Kunze, a
garden plant, supposed to be a native of Manilla, is said to differ by its longer and nar-
rower frond, less branched and more equal lower pinnz, and winged petioles.

10. P. enciormis, Burm. ; sf. 3-6 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, straw-coloured ;
jr. 612 in. L, 3-6 in. br., with a long terminal pinnae and 2 to 4 pairs of
lateral ones, those of the fertile frond slightly compound, the central portion
2-4 if. L, 1 in. or less br., entire, the upper ones of the sterile frond decurrent,
the lower ones subdeltoid, cut down to the rachis below into 2 to 6 obvate-oblong
sharply-toothed pinnules, which are often 2 or even 4 in. br.; ¢ezture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; reins not very conspicuous, usually
once or twice forked.—P. crenaia, Sw. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 168. t. 127. A.

Hab. Hindostan, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Chusan, and Loo-choo Islands south-

ward to Tropical Australia, eastward to Samoa and Fiji—This has the fertile fronds of
the present, with barren ones more like those of the next group.

156 31, PTERIS, § EUPTERIS.

11. P. distans, J. Sm.; st. about 6 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, pale; fr.
about 1 ft. ]., 4-6 in. br., terminated by a pimna with a long, narrow, sharply
serrated linear apex, below which are 12 to 20 pairs of closely-placed_ short
lobes 3 in. or less 1., $ in. br., the lower two-thirds of the frond with 6 to 9
opposite pairs of distantly-placed pinne with a long linear point, and at the
base a few spreading pinnules ; rachis scabrous ; texture coriaceous ; vers con-
spicuous, simple or once-forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base; the barren lobes
sharply and finely spinuloso-serrated ; énvol. membranous.— Hh, Sp. 2. p. 169.
t. 124, B.

Hab. Luzon, Philippine Islands ; gathered by Mr. Cuming.
*** Pinnate. Lowest pinne simply pinnate. Sp. 12-18.

12. P. heteromorpha, Fée ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, erect, pale; fr. 12-18 in. 1,
6-9 in. br., ovate-lancedlate, with the apex of the long terminal point entire,
but the lower half sinuated and furnished with a few short linear lobes ; pinnw
in several opposite pairs, the lowest of which are 3-4 in. apart, the upper ones
entire or slightly compound at the base, the lowest pair cut down nearly to the
rachis with several spreading linear pinnules on each side, 1 in. or more l., $ in.
br. ; teeture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the margins slightly
erisped ; veins conspicuous, usually once forked, their bases about 1 lin. apart ;
invol. narrow, membranous. Zé. Sp. 2. p. 166, t. 127. L.

Hab. Philippine Islands; gathered by Mr. Cuming.—Probably a mere abnormal form
of quadriaurita.

13. P. Grigithii, Hk.; st 6-8 in. 1, slender, erect, wiry, naked, straw
coloured; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, the terminal pinna linear
entire, about 2 in. ]., 4 in. br.; upper lateral ones simple, not more than 3 in
apart, and the base decurrent down to the next, the lower ones lanceolate-deltoid
with a linear entire point and several short erecto-patent linear entire pinml. o1
each side ; ¢exture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins obscure
about 4 in. apart at the base, usually once forked; znvol. narrow, mem
branous.—Z&, Sp. 2. p. 170. ¢. 1238. A.

Hab. Mishmee, N. Hindostan ; gathered by Griffith.

14. P. madagascarica, Ag.; fr. ample, bipinnate; terminal pinna linear, tl.
upper lateral ones small, linear, sessile, those next in order larger and stalked
the lower ones 2 in. apart at the base, deflexed, oblong-lanceolate, about 6 in. 1-
4in. br., with an entire terminal lobe and several stalked lateral pinnd. on each
side, which are about 2 in. 1.2 lin. br., deeply serrated towards the point,
and spreading from the scabrous rachis at right angles; texture coriaceous °
veins conspicuous, about 1 lin. apart at the base and usually once forked
= the base; znvol. narrow, firm.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 171. ¢. 122. A. P. subserrata,

ajer.

Hab. Madagascar ; gathered by M. Bojer.

15. P. mutilata, Linn. ; st. slender, erect, naked, polished, straw-coloured or
bright-brown, those of the fertile frond the largest (9-12 in.) and strongest ;
7r. about 6 in. each way, deltoid, with a linear entire point, several entire pinne,
but the lowest pair lanceolate-deltoid, 4-6 in. lL, 3-4 in. br., with several linear,
erecto-patent pinnules on each side, the divisions of the barren frond shorter and
broader than those of the fertile one, not serrated, but mucronate at the point,
and furnished with a crisped white cartilaginous border; rachis and both
surfaces naked and shining; veins about 1 lin. apart at the base, simple or once
forked ; invol. narrow, membranous.—Hzk. Sp. 2. p. 164. ¢. 181, A.

Hab. West-Indian Islands.—P. concinna, Heward, is a more compound form than usual.

'

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 157

16. P. semipinnata, Linn. ; st. 1 ft. or more |., strong, erect, naked, bright
chesnut-brown ; /r. 12-18 in. 1. 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, the upper part
cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous close entire linear lobes,
the largest of which are 1-3 n. 1., }-4 in. br., the lower two-thirds with
6 or 8 es of opposite distantly-plaeed pinne, the largest of which are
3-6 in. 1, with a long linear entire point, and a broad entire wing on the
upper side of the rachis, but the lower side with several linear pinni. 1-2 in. L,
z in. br. ; texture scarcely coriaceous, barren segm. finely serrated ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins simple or once forked, } in. apart at the base ; inro/.
membranous.—Hk&, Sp. 2. p. 169. Gard. F. t. 59.—8, P. dispar, Kunze ; pinne
more or less pinnate on the upper side also.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 3-4,000 ft.), Hongkong, S. E. China, Japan, the Philip-
Pines, and Borneo.—The two forms look very different when typical, but are connected
by intermediates.

17. P. paucinervata, Fée ; st. about 1 ft. 1., erect, naked, reddish-brown ; /*.
(in our specimen) with a terminal pinna and a single unbranched lateral one on
each side, the former broadly lanceolate, 9 in. 1., + in. br. below, cut down nearly
to the rachis into linear oblong slightly falcate lobes, which are decurrent at the
base and bluntly crenate towards the point, the largest 2 in. 1., 3 in. br. ; dat.
pinne similar but smaller; rachis and both surfaces naked; tezture sub-
coriaceous; teins fine, once or occasionally twice forked, the lower ones } in.
to 2 lin. apart at the base; sori continued nearly to the apex of the lobes.—Hé.
Sp. 2. p. 194.

Hab. Mexico.—This and the next species have quite the habit of quadriaurita, but the
venation seems to distinguish them.

18. P. litobrochioides, Kiotzsch; st. strong, erect, naked, bright chesnut-
brown ; /r. 2 ft. 1., 18 in. br., the terminal pinnae 1 ft. or more l., 2-3 in br., cut
down within a short distance of the rachis into numerous spreading linear
entire lobes, 1-14 in. L, } in. or more br., the lower sinuses rounded ; lateral
pinne 3 or 4 on each side, similar to the terminal one, erecto-patent, the lowest
3 to 4 in. distant at the base, all unbranched in our specimens; fezture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins conspicuous, once forked,
1 lin. apart at the base ; soré reaching nearly to the apex of the lobes.—HE&. Sp.
2. p. 178.

Hab. Gathered by Sir R. Schomburgk in British Guiana, and Dr. Spruce in the Amazon
Valley.

222% Bipinnate. Lowest pinne at least bipinnatifid. Sp. 19-35.

19. P. marattiefolia, Hk. ; st. stout, erect, quadrangular, deeply sulcate, glossy,
straw-coloured ; fr. ample, bipinnate, the upper part simply pinnate, with
several linear lobes which are slightly decurrent at the base, prominently
serrated towards the point, the longest 4 in. 1, 4in. br.; lower pinne 6-12 in. 1,
pinnate, with numerous similar lobes on both sides and again compound with
smaller pinn/. on both sides at the base ; texture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins usually once forked, 4 in. apart at the base ; sori not
reaching to the apex of the lobes.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 177. t. 122. B. P. flexuosa,
Met. P.semiadnata, Philippi.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe.—A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its large distinct
pinnules, of which only the lowest of the basal pinnz are again compound.

20. P. Dalhousie, Hk.; st. strong, erect, about 1 ft. high, polished, naked,
light-brown ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., tri- or quadripinnatifid ; upper pinne
linear, unbranched, decurrent down to the next pair, lower ones sometimes
1 ft. 1., deltoid ; pinni. with simple or occasionally with branched linear segm.,

168 31. PrERIS, § EUPTERIS.

the longest undivided ones 6 in. ]., 3-2 in. br., those of the pinne with
usually about 1 in. between them, the margins very slightly serrated ; texture
subcoriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins fine, simple or once
forked, about 3 to a line; invol, narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 170.
#121. A.

Hab. Gathered at Penang by Lady Dalhousie, and in Java by Mr. Lobb.—Very
different from any other species of the group. It is most like P. wmbrosa, but much
more compound.

21. P. irregularis, Kaulf.; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, angular, naked, polished,
brownish ; /r. 12-24 in. 1, often 1 ft. br.; main rachis with a wing throughout
which is 3-3 in. br.; upper pinne linear, simple, lower ones 2-3 in. apart at the
base, with several long, linear, erecto-patent pinnl. on each side, which are
sometimes again slightly compound ; longest simple segm. 8 or 4 in. L, 3-4in. br. ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; teature subcoriaceous ; veins about 1 lin. apart
at the base, usually once forked; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 178.

Hab, Sandwich Islands. This again is very distinct. It is more like P. Dal-
housie than any other species, but the pinnules are regularly pinnate instead of mostly
forked.

22. P. quadriaurita, Retz.; st. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, naked or slightly
scabrous, straw-coloured or brownish; /*. 6 in. to 2 or 8 ft. 1, 4 in. to 1 ft. or
more br., with a terminal central pinna cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous close parallel linear-oblong lobes 3-1 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the barren
ones entire or slightly serrated, and below this several similar pinne on both sides,
which are 6-12 in. or more ]., 1-2 in. br., the lowest 1-2 in. apart at the base,
usually again compound, with one or two similar but smaHer pinnl. branching
from them at the base on the lower side; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous, usually once forked, 1 lin. to $ in. apart
at the base ; sor? often continuous along the whole margin of the segments.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 179. t. 134. B.

Hab. All round the world within the Tropics, and a little beyond them. West Tropical
Africa—Angola, Natal, Zambesi Land, Madagascar. Hindostan (ascending in the Hima-
layas to 11,000 ft.), S. China and Japan southward to Ceylon and the Malayan and
Polynesian Islands and Rockingham Bay in Trop. Australia. America, from Cuba and
Mexico southward to Brazil.— Varies much, especially in size. P. asperula, J. Smith, is
a form with the rachises and costz furnished with slender spines ; P. subguinata, Wallich
and Agardh, an Indian form with fewer pinne than usual; P. argyrwa, Moore, a form
with a more or less distinctly marked band of white down the centre of the frond ;
P. tricolor, Linden, the same, with a tinge of red added (see Bot. Mag. t. 5183): and I
cannot distinguish by any clear character the West-Indian P. Swartziana, Agardh, and
P. felosma, J. Smith ; the Brazilian P. sulcata, Link ; the Malayan P. pyrophylla, Blume,
and P. deltea, Agardh, and the South-Afriean P. catoptera, Kunze. All our specimens
of the Polynesian plant have dark-brown naked stipes and rachis. Mr. Thwaites sends
from Ceylon a series of remarkable abnormal forms passing down gradually into a plant
with narrow linear pinnz, the lowest with only two smaller similar pinnules on the lower
side, Down to No. 28 the species are closely allied to this and one another.

23. P. longipinnula, Wallich ; st. erect, naked, 2-3 ft. 1, yellowish-green ; 7.
1-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1. 2-3 in. br., with
numerous spreading, entire, blunt, linear lobes on each side, which are 14-2 in. 1,
and reach down nearly to the rachis at the base, the point caudate ; lateral pinne
several on each side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2 in. apart, sometimes
forked ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins once forked,
4 in, apart at the base ; sori continued nearly to the apex of the segments.—H&.
Sp. 2. p. 179, ¢. 184. A. P. umbraculifera, Aett.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 159

Hab. Hindostan (ascending in the Himalayas to 2-4,000 ft.), Malayan Peninsula,
Borneo, and Japan.—Very doubtfully distinct from the preceding.

24, P. excelsa, Gaud. ; st. stout (4-2 in. thick), erect, naked, glossy, pale-brown ;
Jr. 5-6 ft. 1.5 terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., 3 in. br., with numerous closely-
laced falcate linear lobes on each side, which are sometimes more than 2 in. l.,
re in. br., narrowly obliquely decurrent and slightly serrated on the barren
part; lateral pinn@ several, similar to the terminal one, the lowest several
inches apart at the base, sometimes bipartite ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins once forked, } in. apart at the base ; sori not reaching
the apex of the segments.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 188. t. 186.

Hab. Hindostan (ascending in the Himalayas to 7-8,000 ft.), Ava, Philippine and
Sandwich Islands.—Like P. guadriaurita on a larger scale.

25. P. pungens, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., naked, distinctly prickly, glossy,
pale or brownish ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; terminal pinna sometimes 1 ft. 1.,
more than 2 in. br., with a long entire point and numerous close, parallel, linear-
oblong lobes, which extend down nearly to the rachis (1-13 in. 1., Jin. br.), and
are finely toothed towards the point when barren ; pinn@ several on each side,
similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2-3 in. below the next above it, once forked,
with a smaller similar pinnule ; tezture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins conspicuous, once forked, } in. distant at the base ; sori not reaching

the apex of the segments.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 182.

Hab. West-Indian Islands.—If the muricated stipe be not of a permanent character,
this cannot be regarded as distinct from P. guadriaurita. Poppig’s Peruvian plant, called
P. edentula, Kunze, has a smooth stipe, and is normal guadriaurita,

26. P. scabra, Bory ; st. 1-2 ft. 1. strong, erect, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ;
Jr. 2 ft. 1. or more, 12-18 in. br. ; terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., made up
of numerous linear erecto-patent lobes, which are often 1 in. ]., fin. br., cut down
regularly within about 4 in. of the rachis, and suddenly dilated to the wing
within a short distance of the base; lateral pinne several in number on each
side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2 in. apart at the base, with 1 or 2
similar smaller pinni. on the lower side ; texture very coriaceous ; rachises rigid
and glossy like the stipe ; both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous on both sides,
simple or once forked, 1 line apart at the base; sori narrow, continuous along
nearly the whole length of the segment.— Hi. Sp. 2. p. 187. ¢. 188. A.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—The texture is so coriaceous that the specimens can
searcely be fastened down on paper. Capt. Carmichael’s Bourbon plant with a strami-
beous stipe, mentioned in “‘ Species Filicum,” is evidently P. flabellata. P. angusta of
Bory seems to be a smaller form of this, which resembles P. guadriaurita in outline, but
differs in texture.

27. P. paleacea, Roxb. ; st. 2-4 ft. 1, strong, erect, straw-coloured or reddish-
brown, clothed throughout with large lanceolate brown scales, which fall off and
leave it densely muricated with hard raised points ; fr. 1 ft. or more each way ;
terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 14 in. br., made up of numerous contiguous falcate linear
lobes, which are 1 in. or more 1., 2 lin. br., blunt at the point, and not at all ser-
rated ; pinne several in number on each side, similar to the terminal one, closely
placed (not 1 in. apart at the base) and imbricated, the lowest with several large
similar pinnl. from its under side ; texture coriaceous ; rachises scaly and asperous
like the stipe; vezns faint, full $ in. apart at the base, usually once forked ; soré
extending along the whole length of the edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 186.

Hab. St. Helena, in the upper exposed part of Diana’s Peak.

28. P. Nove-Caledonie, Hk. ; sf. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, polished, naked, bright
claret-brown ; fr. ample ; terminal pinna 6-9 in, 1., 14 in. br., made up of numerous

160 31. preris, § EUPTERIS

linear erecto-patent contiguous lobes,which are 3-1 in. 1., 4 in. br., and serrated
when barren ; lateral pinne numerous, contiguous, similar to the terminal one,
the lower ones much larger, deltoid, and again compound ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises bright-coloured like the stipe, both surfaces naked ; veins not conspicuous,
simple or once forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base; soré absent from the upper
part of the segm.; évol, membranous, conspicuous, § lin. br.—Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 189. ‘

Hab. New Caledonia ; discovered by Mr. C. Moore of Sydney, and since gathered by
MM. Vieillard and Deplanche.—Mr. Moore says that the fronds are sometimes 10 feet in
height. One of M. Deplanche’s specimens shows the lower pinnz, which measure nearly
1 ft. 1., 9 in. br., and have five large pinnules on each side.

29. P. heterophylla, L. ; st. wiry, slender, erect, naked, straw-coloured ; /r.
6-12 in. 1., 8-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinn@ all, except two or three
of the highest, compound, the lowest deltoid, with the pinn/. again pinnatifid ;
ult. segm. of the barren frond ovate, sharply and deeply toothed, cuneate and
entire at the base, about 3 in. 1., Fin. br., of the fertile frond about 2 in. 1., 4 in. br.,
the tip sterile and toothed ; teature herbaceous, both surfaces naked, bright-green ;
veins obscure ; invol. broad, pale, membranous.—Zé. Sp. 2. p. 166.

Hab. West-Indian Islands and Brazil.

30. P. gracilis, Fée ; st. 6-9 in. ]., slender, erect, wiry, naked, polished, pale ;
Jr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or even quadripinnate ; only the very upper-
most pinne simple, the lower ones hardly more than 1 in. apart, erecto-patent,
with numerous closely-placed pinnl. on each side, the lower ones sometimes with
the segm. again compound ; the ult. divisions linear, when simple not much over
Zin. 1., lessthan 1 lin. br., those of the barren frond sharply and deeply spinuloso-
serrated ; ¢eeture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins about } in.
apart, simple or once forked ; énvol. pale, membranous. — Hh, Sp. 2. p. 172.
t.128. A. P. semidentata, Fée, Hk. 1. c.

Hab. New Granada and South Brazil.—In some of the specimens with most of the
veins simple they anastomose casually in the broader segments, so that it is probable that
this is a free-veined form of P. leptophylla, with which in general habit it coincides.

81. P. laciniata, Willd. ; sf. 1 ft. or more 1., stout, erect, very hairy ; fr. 2-4
ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid, the upper part not cut down to the rachis,
with oblong entire lobes 3-3 in. 1, 2 in. br. ; lower pinne: 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
with numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis into lobes which are about $ in. 1, gin. br.; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces hairy ; veins few, often 7 in. apart at the base, usually
once forked ; sori lateral in the ultimate lobes, but not reaching the apex.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 176. t. 182. B. Lonchitis hirsuta, Zinn,

Hab. Mexico and West Indies southward to Peru.—Though in technical character a
Pieris, this is far more like the two species of Lonchitis in habit. Lonchitis Ghiesbregiitit
of Linden (Pteris, J. Smith) is a less hairy Mexican variety.

82. P. arguta, Aiton ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., strong, erect, naked, glossy, bright
straw-coloured or reddish-brown ; /r. 1-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br. ; terminal pinna
6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., made up of numerous contiguous erecto-patent linear lobes
about 1 in. L, 2 lin. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, and are slightly
toothed when barren ; pinn@ several in number on each side, similar to the ter-
minal one, the lowest forked or with one or two similar smaller pinnl. from the
pase on the lower side ; ¢ewtwre herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins
once forked, about 1 lin. distant at the base ; sor? nearly 4 lin. br., not usually
extending beyond the lower half of the lobes.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 184.

Hab. Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Canaries,

31 PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 161

33. P. flabellata, Thunb. ; sé. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked, glossy, straw-
coloured ; fr. 1-3 ft. L., 1 ft. or more br. ; terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
made up of numerous almost contiguous erecto-patent linear lobes 1-2 in. 1., 2-3
lin. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, and are finely serrated when
barren ; pinne several on each side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest with
1 to 8 similar smaller pinnl. from the base on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins } in. apart at the base, usually once forked ;
sori narrow, continuing along nearly the whole length of the seryments.—f, P.

' Ascensionis, Swartz ; much smaller, the lower pinne sometimes with several small
compound pinnules on both sides—&. Sp. 2. p. 185.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Bourbon, Abyssinia, and Fernando Po.—This comes
very near P. arguta. The best character is in the sori, which here are longer and nar-
rower. The Ascension plant grows in a very exposed situation, and has more or less
horizontal fronds with ascending or nearly vertical pinnz.

34. P. tremula, R. Br.; s?. 1 ft. 1. or more, strong, erect, naked, polished, bright
chesnut-brown ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6 in. to 2 ft. br., ie apex with a few closely-placed
linear entire lobes, which are decurrent obliquely at the base, the largest hardly
more than 1 in. ].,1 lin. br. ; upper pinne simply pinnate, with numerous similar
lobes on both sides, the largest about 6 in. J., more than 1 in. br. ; lower pinne
often very compound, sometimes I ft. 1. and bipinnate ; fezture herbaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; veins sunk, } in. apart at the base, usually once forked ;
sort copious, sometimes filling up the whole segment except the midrib.— HE. Sp. 2.
p. 174. t. 120. B.—6, P. Kingiana, Endl.; ult. segm. larger, sometimes 14 in. 1.,
nearly } in. br., without being toothed.—HE#. Sp. 2. p. 188.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and New Zealand.—B was originally published
from Norfolk Island, but some of the New Zealand specimens agree with it. I have
seen a specimen in Herb, Rawson from the Cape, called P. caffra, Pappe.

35. P. chilensis, Desv.; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, naked, pale or brownish; jr.
1-2 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., deltoid, only the very uppermost lobes simple ; - upper
pinne lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into short linear-oblong
pinnl., which are finely serrated in the barren frond ; lowest pinne sometimes
1 ft. L, deltoid, with several bipinnatifid pinni. on each side, the largest un-
divided segm. not more than 3 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; teature herbaceous, or slightly
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; reins sunk, oblique, about 1 lin.
apart at the base, usually once forked ; sori extending from the base to the apex
of the segments.— HE. Sp. 2. p. 175. é. 120. A.

Hab. Chili and Juan Fernandez.—Agardh gives also Peru. It is near P. tremula,
but the segments are broader and shorter, and in the barren frond finely toothed.

222% Tripartite. Lowest pinne much larger than the others, often nearly
equalling the central portion of the frond. Sp. 36-39.

36. P. longipes, D. Don; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, naked, straw-coloured ; terminal
pinna about 6 in. 1., 1 in. br., with numerous erecto-patent linear-oblong lobes
on each side, which are cut down very nearly to the rachis, about 3 in. I., 2 lin. br.,
bluntly toothed towards the point when barren ; dateral pinn@ numerous on each
side («ften 20), not more than 1 in. apart, the longest simple one about 6 in. 1.,
the lowest large, compound, sometimes nearly as large as the central portion of
the frond, 1 ft. 1, 6 in. br. ; tezture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
teins not prominent, once forked, about 3 in. apart at the base; sori falling short
of the apex of the segments.—P. pellucens, Agardh. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 191. P.
Zoliingeri, Jett.

Hab. East Himalayas, Ceylon, New Guinea, and a plant, with more caudate pinnules,
and segments not so close, and decurrent at the base, gathered by Mr. Cuming in the

=

162 31. prenis, §$ PESTA.

Philippine Islands. Costa of the pifnules is often spinulose on the upper side. I cannot
distinguish from this a Guatemalan Pteris gathered by Salvin and Godman.

87. P. deflewa, Link ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked or slightly.
asperous below, straw-coloured or reddish-brown ; fr. ample, 2-4 ft. 1.5 terminal '
inna 6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br., with a long point and numerous linear-oblong
obes on each side, which are nearly cut down to the rachis, about $ in. L, Zin. br.,
the barren ones sharply spinuloso-serrated ; lateral pinne numerous, similar, the
lower ones stalked, the lowest pair much larger than the others, often more than
1 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br., with numerous pinnate pinnl. on each side ; rachises smooth ;.
texture coriaceous ; veins once forked, 4 in. apart at the base ; soré reaching nearly
to the apex of the segments.—Hz. Sp. 2. p. 190. P. stridens, Ag. Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 192. P. platychlamys, Fée.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil and Peru.—
P. Gaudichaudii, Ag., is either this species or closely allied. In general aspect this,
species comes between quadriaurita and aquilina,

38. P. coriacea, Desv. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, straw-coloured, asperous ; fr. 2 ft. 1.
or more, deltoid ; terminal pinna lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., ? in. br., with numerous *
linear-lanceolate falcate lobes on each side, which are 4-2 in. 1., 1-1} lin. br.,
sharply spinuloso-serrated when barren ; lateral pinne a dozen or more on each
side, similar, the lower ones slightly compound below, the lowest pair nearly as
large as the central portion of the frond ; pinnd. again bipinnate ; texture cori-
aceous ; partial rachises densely muricated with small prickles, which also run
along the midribs of the ultimate divisions beneath ; veins usually once forked,
about 4 in. apart at the base ; sori reaching nearly to the apex of the segments.—
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 192. ¢. 124. A.—B, P. Jamesoni, Hk. ; lowest ultimate divisions
lin. 1.,} in. br., sometimes decurrent at the base ; teatwre very coriaceous ; rachis
beneath scarcely muricated.— H&. Sp. 2. p. 194. ¢. 193.

Hab. Tropical America, from Venezuela along the Andes to Peru.—P. muricata, Hk.,
differs from 8 principally by its lower pinnae being conspicuously stalked at the base.
This species much resembles P. defleca in general appearance, but may be known readily
by its muricated rachises. A muricated plant, gathered by Dr. Spruce in the Central
Andes (Nos. 5707 and 5665), is probably distinct. The stipe is strong and distinctly
prickly, and is marked in one of the numbers as 5, and in the other as 12 feet in length,
One of the.pinne is 2 feet long, the largest pinnule 10 inches, and the largest ultimate
segment 1 inch long, 2 lines broad. The venation is fainter than in P. coriacea, and both
surfaces are bright-green. What appears to be the same plant is in the Herbarium from
New Granada from Linden and Lieut. Norton, and these latter are the P. coriacea 8 of
the Sp. Fil. p. 192.

39. P. brevisora, Baker ; st. 2-4 ft. 1., strong, erect, quite smooth; jr. with
acentral pinna 1-2 ft. l., 6-9 in. br., and two opposite lateral ones which are nearly
as large ; pinn/. 4-6 in. 1, $-2 in. br., lanceolate acuminate, the lowest 1-2 in.
apart ; segm. numerous, 4 in. |, $ in. br., linear-oblong, blunt, very slightly
toothed ; texture herbaceous; rachis naked ; sori in a continuous line along the
border of each segment.—Hypolepis pteridioides, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 59.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po, at an elevation of 4-7,000 ft. ; discovered
by Mr. Mann. Differs f.0m longipes by its shorter sori and broader involucre.

8§ Pesia, St. Hilaire. Veins free, rhizome creeping, stems sub-distant, involucre
more or less distinctly double. Ornithopteris, Agardh. Sp. 40-48. According to
strict technical characters, this group of species, which differs from the rest. of the
genus also in habit of growth, has as good a claim to be placed in Lindsaye as
Pteridese. Tas. III. f. 31, d, e, f. a

40. P. (Peesia) aguilina, L.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, subterraneous ; st.
1 ft. or more |., strong, erect, naked straw-coloured or pale-chesnut ; fr. 2-4 ft.

31. PTERIS, §§ PASIA. 163

or more ]., 12-24 in. br., subdeltoid in general outline, only the uppermost pinna
simple, those next in order lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into short triangular or linear pinnl., the lowest long-stalked, 1 ft. or more 1.,
with ample lanceolate pinnl., which are cut down to the rachis into numerous
lanceolate segm., which are again fully pinnate; largest entire ult. divisions
1 in. 1., 2 lin. br. ; t¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked or
pubescent ; veins close, conspicuous, often twice forked, involucre double or the
inner one obsolete.—B, P. caudata, L.; pinnl. sometimes linear and entire or
with less crowded segm. than in a, and the terminal lobe linear entire, 1-2 in. 1.
—y, P. esculenta, Forst.; ult. divisions narrower and not contiguous, suddenly
decurrent at the base, so that the bases are connected by a narrow lobe.—Hk. Sp.
2. p. 196. P. arachnoidea, Kaulf.

Hab. All round the world both within the Tropics and in the North and South Tem-
perate Zones, unless it be absent from South Temperate America, from which there are
no specimens in the Herbarium. In Lapland it just passes within the Arctic circle,
ascending in Scotland to 2,000 ft., in the Cameroon Mountains to 7,000 ft., in Abyssinia
to 8,000 or 9,000 ft., in the Himalayas to about 8,000 ft. ; y inhabits principally New
Zealand, Australia, the Polynesian Islands, and Tropical South America.—Dr. Spruce
has seen it in the Andes 14 ft, in height.

41. P. (Pesia) viscosa, Moore; rhizome wide-creeping, subscandent, densely
clothed with dark-brown fibrillose scales; sf. 1 ft. or more 1., flexuose, dark-
brown, glanduloso-villose ; fr. ample, decompound ; upper pinne small, lan-
ceolate, pinnatifid, the lower ones 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., spreading, with
numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are cut down into deeply lobed
lanceolate-deltoid spreading segm., about 4 in. 1., } in. br.; texture scarcely
coriaceous ; rachises very wavy, like both surfaces, densely clothed with brown
viscid glands ; invol. double, membranous, the inner one sometimes obsolete.
Pesia viscosa, St. Hilaire. P. scalaris, Moritz. Ak. Sp. 2. p. 200. ¢. 121.
B. & 3. ¢. 141. C.

Hab. Jamaica, Venezuela, and Peru.—Dr. Spruce’s Peruvian specimens have the
largest pinnules not more than 14 in. 1., 3 in br., their segments cut down to the rachis
into small oblong-cuneate lobes about 4 lin. br.

42. P. (Pesia) scaberula, Richard ; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 6-12 in. l.,
strong, flexuose, bright reddish-brown, scabrous; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne lanceolate-
deltoid, 4-9 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each
side, which are agdin cut down into oblong toothed segm. 2-3 lin. 1, 1 lin. br.;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis flexuose and scabrous like the stipe, upper surface
asperous; sori copious, occupying when mature nearly the whole segment
except the midrib.— Hf. Sp. 2. p. 174. t. 98. A.

Hab. New Zealand.

43. P. (Pesia) divaricatissima, Baker; st. strong, glossy, nearly smooth,
pale-brown ; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, distant, spreading at right angles; lower segm. deltoid, cut
down to the rachis into numerous oblong deeply toothed ult. divisions ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis rigid, zigzag, glossy, scarcely asperous, both surfaces of the
frond naked ; sori 1 lin. 1., placed along the sides of the ult, divisions.—Hypo-
lepis rugulosa, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 68, Cheila thes divaricatissima, Dryand. MSS.

Hab. Society Islands.—This is clearly a Pteris, not a Hypolepis ; and both this and
P. scaberula show occasionally a narrow membrane on the inner side of the receptacle,
as in aquilina and viscosa.

164 31. PTERIS. §§§$ CAMPTERIA.

§$§ Heterophlebium, Fée. Veins free below, anastomosing towards the margin.
Sp. 44-45. Tas. III. f. 31.

44. P, (Hetero.) lomariacea, Kze.; st. 6-12 in. 1., wiry, flexuose, dark chesnut-
brown, naked; /. deltoid, about 4 in. each way, with a terminal linear lobe
and cut down below to a broadly-winged rachis into 2 or 4 pimne on each side,
the lowest of which are much the largest and again deeply lobed on the lower
side ; primary and secondary obes of the barren frond }-2 in. br., of the fertile,
longer, narrower, and more divided ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins very inconspicuous, close, fine, anastomosing slightly towards the margin ;
coste dark-coloured and polished like the stipe; zmvol, rather broad, mem-
branous, ultimately spreading.—Pellea, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 188,

Hab. Gathered by Sir R. Schomburgk and Appun in British Guiana, by Pearce in
Peru, and Gardner and Lindberg in Brazil. This resembles very closely P. palmata in
habit, but the venation is quite different. The veins are very close, and nearly parallel,
simple or once forked, and the branches of the same veins or of two contiguous ones
occasionally join near the edge, The three plants brought together under this name in
“Species Filicum” must be separated, one to be placed near Pellea geraniefolia, and
the other near P. palmata.

‘

45. P. (Hetero.) grandifolia, Linn.; st. 6-12 in. 1, erect, naked, straw-
eoloured, clothed below with rusty woolly scales; /r. 1-2 ft. 1, simply pinnate ;
pinne linear, erecto-patent, entire, sessile, or the lower ones stalked, the lower
ones 6-12 in. ]., $1 in. br. ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, less than } in. apart at the apex, anastomosing only in the outer third
of the space between the rachis and edge; sori often continuous along the whole
length of the pinnee.—Hzé. Sp. 2. p. 201. ¢. 113. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Peru.—P. vit-
tata, Schk., is a form with nearly free veins. Sir H. Barkly sends from Jamaica a form
with the pinnz curiously sinuated, and some of them branched.

§§§§ Campteria, Presi. Veins all free, except that those of the last divisions but
one are more or less connected by arching veins at the very base. Sp. 46-50.
Tas. III. f. 31. g.

46. P. (Camp.) biaurita, L. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, naked, straw-coloured ;
fr. with a terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. by., cut down within from }-} in.
of the rachis into numerous spreading linear-oblong lobes on each side, which are
lin. or more l., } in. or less br. ; dateral pinne several on each side, similar to
the terminal one, the lower ones 2 in. apart and usually once forked ; teature
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins prominent, those of the
ult. segm. quite free, usually once forked, 4 in. apart at the base, but the midrib
of the segments connected by an arching vein which passes from base to base ;
sort continued to the apex.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 204.

Hab, West Tropical Africa, Mauritius, Bourbon, Hindostan (ascending in the Hima-
layas to 4,000 ft.), Ceylon, Java, S. China, Malayan Peninsula, and Tropical America
from the West Indies southward to Brazil.—This differs only from P. guadriourita in
the pinne being less deeply pinnatifid, and the bases of the midribs of the segments being _
connected by an arching vein. This arch springs normally from the bases of the midribs,
but sometimes begins and ends at points between them. It is sometimes triangular, but
sometimes very low, and in what Agardh considers as P. nemoralis, Willd., we have the
venation considered as characteristic of biaurita combined with the entirely free vena-
tion considered as characteristic of qguadriaurita in one and the same frond, so that they
must be regarded as very doubtfully distinct. P. Galeotti, Fée; P. amena, Blume;
P. Mettenti, Kuhn ; and P. armata, Presl, are apparently allied plants ; and C. Kleini-
ana, Presl, and C, Anamallayensis, Beddome, I cannot distinguish clearly,

31. PrERIS, §§§§ CAMPTERIA. 165
47. P, (Cama) naga ele. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, naked, glossy, chesnut-

brown; fr. ample, ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br.; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 14-2
in. br., with several narrow linear lobes on each side, which are widened
suddenly on both sides within a short distance of the base, the barren ones
slightly serrated ; /ateral pinne numerous, similar but larger, sometimes 18 in. 1.,
2 in. br., the lowest forked ; tecture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins oblique, not conspicuous, usually once-forked, 1 line apart at the

base; sori continued nearly to the end of the segment.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 177. t. 187.
P. decussata, J. Sm. 2 8 yp. 2. p. 177, 7.

Hab. Ceylon, Borneo, Philippines, Society Islands.—By looking on the upper surface
towards the top of the frond, shallow costal arches may clearly be seen, so that Mr.
Thwaites is doubtless quite correct in his suggestion of the identity of Létobrochia Gard-
neri, Fée, with our plant. The sudden widening of the base of the often nearly opposite
lobes (which suggested J. Smith’s name) is more conspicuous here than in any other of
the quadriaurita series,

48. P. (Camp.) triplicata, Ag. ; st. strong, erect, smooth, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
9-12 in. br., the terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down within } in.
of the rachis into numerous spreading contiguous entire linear-oblong lobes,
which are ? in. 1., 4 in. br., and blunt at the point; lateral pinne few and
distant (4 to 6 on each side and the lowest 8 in. apart) with a stalk about 1 in. L.,
an apex like the terminal pinna with a long entire caudate point and two smaller
stalked spreading pinnl.; texture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins all free except the basal arch; sor? continuous along the whole
edge of the segments.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 205.

Hab. Mozambique, gathered by Forbes; and sent by Lady Barkly from Mada-
gascar.

49. P. (Camp.) Melleri, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, brownish ;
Jr. 18 in. 1., 9 in. br., the terminal pinna 4 in. 1., the upper two-thirds linear,
the apex sharply toothed, the rest broadly undulated at the margin, the lower

art with two linear lobes on each side; pinne numerous, the upper pair
inear and sessile, 3 in. 1., 4 in. br., all the lower ones more or less compound,
on petioles 4 in. or more l., the point and often the pinnules linear entire ; lobes
not reaching down to the rachis, linear, bluntish, deeply serrated, the longest
about 4 in. 1, Zin. br., sometimes present on one side of the pinna or pinnule
and not on the other ; lowest pinna with 5 pinnules, which are again slightly
compound at the base ; tezture subcoriaceous; veins united only by costal arches,
which are sometimes present, sometimes not when the pinne and pinnules are
not pinnatifid ; rachis and both surfaces naked.

Hab. Cascades of the Anevoca Valley, Madagascar. Dr. Meller.This may be a very
abnormal form of the preceding. We have a single specimen only.

‘50. P. (Camp.) Wallichiana, Agardh; st. 5-6 ft.1., strong, bright chesnut-
brown, naked, glossy; /r. tripartite with lateral divisions again forked, the
central one often 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with numerous lanceolate sessile opposite
pinnl. on each side, the largest of which are G in. 1., under 1 in. br., cut down
within about 1 lin. of the rachis into numerous contiguous linear-oblong
lobes, 3-5 in. 1., 4 in. br., nearly entire when barren ; lateral pinne nearly as
large as the terminal one ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins not conspicuous, usually once forked near the base, 1 lin. apart; sori con-
tinuous along nearly the whole length of the edge.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 206.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 8,000 ft.), Japan, and Philippine Islands.— Occasionally
an areole may be seen at the base of the segments near the arch, and it may be doubted

166 31. preris, §§§§§ DORYoPTERIS.

whether this be not a Campteroid form of P. tripartita, which it resembles closely in all
respects except venation.

§§§§§ Doryopteris, J. Smith. Fronds small, sagittate or subpedate, veins
copiously anastomosing, without free included veinlets. Sp. 51-59.

51. P. (Dory.) lonchophora, Metten.; st. 1-14 in. 1, naked, polished, dark
chesnut-brown ; 7. 1-3 in. 1., linear or linear-oblong from a cordate base, entire
or furnished at the base with two short spreading lobes with rounded basal
auricles, when undivided }-} in. br.; d¢eeture coriaceous; rachis and both
surfaces naked; veins anastomosing, immersed; sort subcontinuous ; énvol.
crisped, subscariose.—Mett. Cheil. p. 5. t. 3.

Hab. Rio Janeiro. Better perhaps placed in Pella,

52. P. (Dory.) sagittifolia, Raddi; st. 4-6 in. 1, erect, naked, blackish,
polished ; fr. 4-6 in. l. from the top of the stipe to the apex, 2-8 in. br. oppo-
site the former point, hastate-lanceolate or subtriangular, the basal lobes trian-
gular acuminate, directed downwards, the margin entire ; teature coriaceous ;
both surfaces naked; midrib blackish like the stipe; veims inconspicuous,
copiously anastomosing ; sori continued all round the margin.—Zz. F. t. 39.—
B, P. hastata, Raddi; with two large lateral lobes spreading horizontally in
addition to the deflexed basal ones.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 207.

Hab. Venezuela southward to Brazil.

53. P. (Dory.) ludens, Wallich; st. naked, or below pubescent, polished,
“nearly black, that of the barren frond 3-4 in. 1.; barren fr. varying in shape
from triangular with two slightly deflexed basal lobes to hastate, with two basal
and two large spreading lateral lobes, the margin entire ; fertile fr. with a stalk
often 1 ft. 1., 4-6 in. each way, cut down into five linear-lanceolate or lanceolate
lobes, one erect, two spreading, and two deflexed, of which all, except the last,
are sometimes again forked ; texture coriaceous ; cosfa polished like the stipe ;
veins hidden ; sord continuous all round the margin.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 210.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippine Islands.

54, P. (Dory.) ornithopus, Metten.; st. 6-12 in. 1, strong, wiry, flexuose,
polished, dark brownish-black, naked ; barren fr. 8 in. deep, 4 in. br., palmately
lobed, the central segment deep, triangular, the three lateral ones on each side
not so deep and blunter ; fertile fr. cut down within 4 in. of the base into seven
entire linear lobes 2-8 in. 1., } in. br., the outer ones each with a smaller linear
lobe at the base, each with a broad thick central costa ; teature very leathery ;
both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous, anastomosing copiously ; énvol. broad,
leathery.— Pellza lomariacea y, Hh. Sp. Fil. p, 183.

Hab. South of Brazil, Burchell, Gardner, and Lindberg.—This agrees with P. palmata
in texture and venation, differing in having on the fertile-frond several narrow segments
like the claws of a bird radiating from an undivided centre.

55. P. (Dory.) palmata, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, nearly naked,
polished, chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-9 in. each way, the barren ones with a broad
undivided centre and five or more triangular lobes, of which the terminal one is
the largest, the lowest deflexed and the sinuses rounded ; fertile fr. cut down to
a broadly winged centre into linear lobes, of which the upper ones are entire
and the lower ones again cut on the lower side, the longest entire ones 3-4 in. 1.,
3-8 in. br ; éexture thick and coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; costa
black and polished ; veins anastomosing copiously ; sori continued to the apex of
the segments.—H&. Gard, F.t. 22. P. pedata, Hk. Sp. Wil. 2. p. 208. in part.
P. collina, Raddi. Dory. euchlora, Klotzsch. P. pedatoides, Des»,

31. PrERIS, §§§$$$§ LITOBROCHIA. 167

Hab. Tropical America, from West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro ; and there is a specimen from Wallich marked P. Mysurensis, Heyne, from
Dindighul in Hindostan, in Herb. Hooker.

56. P. elegans, Vell.; st. 1 ft. or more, naked, castaneous ; fr. cordate-deltoid,
4-1 ft. 1, pedato-bipinnatifid; divisions close, reaching to within 3-3 in. of
eastaneous midrib, terminal and upper lateral lanceolate, entire, 1-13 in. br., lower
with 1-4 lanceolate pinn/. on lower side, usually none from upper; tezture thick,
and very coriaceous; surfaces naked; teins fine, close, immersed ; sor? con-
tinuous from base to tip of divisions.—F%. Flum. 11. t. 81. non Sw. Litobrochia
grandis, Moore. Doryopteris nobilis, J. Sm.

Hab. South Brazil, now common in cultivation. Differs from palmate mainly in size.

57. P. (Dory.) pedata, Linn.; st. blackish, naked, polished, those of the
barren fr. 3-4 in. 1.; barren jr. 1-2 in. each way, with an almost entire triangular
apex, and a bluntly divided lateral lobe on each side ; fertile fr. 4-6 in. each way,
cut down nearly to the rachis into several pinne on each side, of which the
upper ones are linear and entire (1-13 in. 1., }-2 in. br.), the lowest pair much
larger than the others, and with several pinnules on the under side, the lowest
of which are again pinnatifid ; texture scarcely more than herbaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; coste dark-coloured and polished; soré reaching to
the point of the segments. Hk. Ez. F. p. 34. Sp. 2. p. 208. in part.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil.

58. P. (Dory.) decipiens, Hk.; st. G in. 1, erect, naked, polished, nearly
black ; fr. 3-6 in. each way, nearly or quite cut down to the rachis above the
lower pair of pinnze ; upper divisions entire, falcate ; the central ones deeply cut,
the lower pair much larger than the others; lowest pinn/. 14-2 in. 1., cut down
nearly to the rachis into 3-6 deep linear-oblong lobes; texture coriaceous,
rachis and both surfaces naked ; coste# black, polished ; reins hidden, anasto-
mosing copiously ; sorz reaching the tip of the segments.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 209.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.—Precisely resembling Pellea gerantifolia in size and outline,
differing by its Pteroid sori and anastomosing venation.

59. P. (Dory.) decora, Bracken.; st. 6-8 in. 1., erect, naked, dark chesnut-
brown; fr. 3-4 in each way, with a narrow linear terminal lobe decurrent
down to 2 or 3 pairs of similar lateral ones, and below these two pairs of
compound pinnae, the lowest cut down to the base into three principal divisions,
each again pinnate, their lowest segm. nearly 2 in. 1., less than 1 lin. br. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veius quite hidden ; sori reaching
to the apex of the segments.—H&. Sp. 2. p.210. Brack. t. 13.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; discovered by the American Exploring Expedition ; and very
fine specimens have since been gathered by Dr. Hillebrand.— Although the pagina is so
narrow, the veins clearly anastomose.

§§§§§§ Litobrochia, Pres]. Habit of Eupteris, veins copiously anastomosing,
without free included veinlas. Sp. 60-87. Tas. III. f. 31. h.

* Integrifolie. Sp. 60-63

60. P. (Lito.) Vieillardi, Metten. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked, chesnut-
brown, that of the barren /r. shorter than that of the fertile one, both (in our
specimens) with a long linear central lobe, which is 6 in.1., in the barren one
1 in., and in the fertile one 2 in. br., quite entire, and two smaller lateral ones ;
texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins anastomosing copiously ; sori con-.
tinuous to the apex of the pinne.—Metten. Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 12.

168 31. prerts, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHTA.

Hab. New Caledonia; discovered by M. Vieillard.—A very distinct species, the least
divided of the subgenus.

61. P. (Lito.) lancewfolia, Agardh ; st. erect, naked, pale, glossy ; fr. simply
innate, 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pémne@ linear, entire, slightly stalked, 4-6 in. 1.,
in. br., erecto-patent, the lowest about 1 in. apart ; tewtwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins copiously anastomosing ; sor? very narrow ;
pes short of the apex of the pinne.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 212. P. alternifolia,
ojer. :

Hab. Madagascar ; discovered by M. Bojer.

62. P. (Lito.) splendens, Kaulf.; st. erect, naked, dull, slightly scabrous ; /r.
ample, simply pinnate, with numerous pairs of nearly sessile linear pinnw, the
largest of which are 1 ft. 1., more than 1 in. br., spinuloso-serrated towards the
acuminate point ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins con-
spicuous, copiously anastomosing ; sor? falling rather short of the apex of the
pinne, ultimately hiding the narrow énvol.— Hh. Sp. 2. p. 211.

Hab. Brazil.—P. chrysodioides and papyracea of Fée appear to be closely allied.
Frond sometimes quite entire.

63. P. (Lito.) Mannii, Baker; st. 3 ft. 1., slender, flexuose, downy; jr.
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., the terminal pinna subhastate with two erecto-patent,
broad-lanceolate lobes ; dateral pinne in 5 to 7 nearly opposite pairs, 14-3 in.
apart, the lowest pair but one the largest, 6 in. 1., under 1 in. br., linear, the
point acute, the margin only slightly sinuated, the base deeply cordate, and the
upper side slightly auricled ; texture herbaceous; rachis rather thickly clothed
with fine spreading hairs, and both surfaces, especially the midrib, also hairy ;
veins fine, anastomosing copiously ; sori continuous along the undulated edge
nearly to the point.

Hab. Fernando Po ; discovered by Gustave Mann.
** Pinnate. Sp. 64-71.

64. P. (Lito.) daurea, Desv.; st. 1 ft. 1., erect, naked, polished, straw-coloured
or pale bright-brown; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 9 in. br., oblong, the terminal pinna
linear, entire, deeply serrated towards the point, 6 in. or more L, 4-2 in. br.;
lateral pinne numerous, 1-2 in. apart at the base, even the upper ones slightly
compound, the lower ones branched, with a long entire point and one or
two small stalked linear pinnd. on each side, which are occasionally again
compound ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veims 1-14
lin. apart at the base, and the bases sometimes connected by a transverse veinlet,
often twice branched before they reach the edge; invol, narrow, membranous,
—AHk. Sp. 2. p. 166. P. triphylla, Agardh. Hk. Fil. 2. p. 171. ¢. 181. B.

Hab. Madagascar ; gathered originally by Dr. Lyall, and much finer specimens have
been sent recently by Dr. Meller.

65. P. (Lito.) Currori, Hk.; st. stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured; fr.
ample, several ft. 1., 2 ft.or more br., the terminal pinna subhastate, deeply
lobed ; lateral pinne numerous, the upper ones 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the margin
deeply and broadly sinuated, the lowest (in our specimens) in opposite sessile
pairs 2-3 in. distant from the next pair, 16in. 1, 6 in. br., cut down within a
very short distance of the rachis in the lower part into lanceolate sinuated lobes
83 in. deep, 2 in. br. ; texture scarcely more than herbaceous; rachis and both
surfaces slightly hairy ; veins fine, copiously anastomosing ; soré in numerous
patches, which are sometimes interrupted and very short.—Hzé. Sp. 2. p. 282.
t. 140.—8, P. Barteri; rachis hairy ; costa beneath and whole under surface
clothed with long, fine spreading hairs ; vedns stronger and more prominent.

31. PrERIs, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIs. 169

Hab. Discovered at or near Elephants’ Bay, West Tropical Africa, by the late Dr.
Curror, and fine specimens were procured on the mountains of Fernando Po at 3-500 ft.,
by Gustave Mann.—f, which is not unlikely a distinct species, was gathered on the
Niger expedition by Barter, who describes the rhizome as creeping. This comes very
near Lonchitis in texture, and the sori are often only reniform, and show a decided
preference for the sinuses,

66. P. (Lito.) denticulata, Swartz; st. about 1 ft. 1., slender, wiry, naked ;
fr. 12-24 in. 1., 8-12 in. br.; upper pinne simple, linear, 4-6 in. 1., 3-2 in. br.,
united at the base, finely spinuloso-serrated when barren, those next in order
quite cut down to the rachis and forked, the lower ones often pinnatifid with
several linear pinnnl., especially on the lower side; tezture.subcoriaceous ; vers
fine, anastomosing copiously ; rachis and both surfaces naked; sord not quite
reaching the point of the pinnules——H&k. Sp. 2. p. 215. Hk. & Gr, t. 28.—
8, P. brasiliensis, Raddi; pinne broader, 6-9 in. ]:, 1 in. br., more compound.—
HE. Sp. 2. p. 214.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil.—The typical form
much resembles cretica in general aspect.

67. P. (Lito.) Henkeana, Presl; st. 1-8 ft. 1., pale, firm, naked; /*. several
ft. 1., the upper part with numerous, simple, linear pinn@ on both sides, which
are 6-9 in. l., 1-14 in. br., acuminate at the point, narrowed gradually towards the
base, the lower ones slightly stalked and about 2 in. apart, the barren ones
finely spinuloso-serrated, the lower pinne often 1 ft. or more l., spreading with
numerous similar pinnl.; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, clearly visible, anastomosing copiously ; sorz not quite reaching the
point of the pinnules.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 213.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and New Granada southward to Peru.

68. P. (Lito.) pulchra, Schlecht.; st. strong, erect, naked, polished, straw-
coloured; fr. ample, simply pinnate above, with numerous sessile linear,
acuminate pinne on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., $-Zin. br., slightly serrated
towards the point, lower pinne simply pinnate, 1 ft. or more 1., 6-9 in. br.,
nearly opposite, 1 in. or more apart; texture coriaceous; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; veins fine and numerous ; sori not extending to the apex of the
pinnules, ultimately concealing the énvol_H&. Sp. 2. p. 213. P. mexicana, Fée.

Hab. Mexico, ascending to 5,000 feet.

69. P. (Lito.) macroptera, Link ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, naked, polished,
straw-coloured or brownish ; /r. 2 ft. or more |., 12-18 in. br., cut down very
nearly to the rachis in the upper part into numerous linear lobes, the lowest
of which are 6-9 in. L, 4 in. br., with about 1 in. between them at the base, the
point narrowed very gradually and very faintly toothed when barren; Jat.
pinne few, often a single pair only, like the terminal one, but smaller ; teature
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins fine but con-
spicuous ; sori not reaching the apex of the segments.—L, angustata, Fée.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, &e.

70. P. (Lito.) vestita, Baker ; st. slender, erect, 1 ft. or more 1., villose when
young, straw-coloured or brownish ; /r. 18-24 in. ].; terminal pinna 12-15 in. 1.,
24 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into numerous lobes on both
sides, the upper ones close, the lower ones 1j in. 1, in. br., falcate with a space
between them ; lateral pinne two on each side (in our specimens), spreading,
like the terminal one but smaller, caudate at the point ; main rachis and those
of the pinne densely villose ; both surfaces hairy; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sor? confined to the inner two-thirds of the segments ; énvol. con-
sisting principally of a dense fringe of strong hairs.

‘ Hab. Peru, Spruce, 4063.—Habit most like the next, but the pinne much larger and
‘ewer.

¥

170 31. prerts, §§$§§§ LITOBROCHIA.

71. P. (Lito.) Junghunhii, Baker; st. firm, erect, polished, nearly straw-
coloured ; /r. 2 ft. 1, with numerous pinn@ on each side, which are cut down
two-thirds of the way to the rachis into linear-oblong faleate lobes 4 in. br. at
the base, the lowest (in our specimens) simple, 9 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; cexture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing principally
in costal arches and in the space between the sinuses and midrib; soré reaching
nearly to the point of the segments.—Campteria, Reinw.

Hab. Java, De Vriese.—Habit of quadriaurita, but texture firm, and pinne with an
undivided central space more than } in. br.

*** Bipinnate. Sp. 72-81.

72, P. (Lito.) ciaris, Eaton ; st. about 1 ft. 1., naked, polished, straw-coloured
or bright-brown ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate ; terminal pinna
linear, 2 in. 1., } in. br., serrated when barren, uppermost pair simple, the next
forked at the base, the lowest about 2 in. apart, deltoid, 2-3 in. each way ;
lowest pinnl. also deltoid, with two segm. on each side, the lowest forked, upper
segm. decurrent ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine,
distant, anastomosing into irregular costal arches in the lower half of the
segments ; sor falling short of the point.—Laton, Fil. Wright & Fendi. p. 203.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 868.

73. P. (Lito.) atrovirens, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. 1, polished, more or less prickly ;
fr. 1-2 ft. l.3 terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2-8 in. br.j cut down within a short
distance of the rachis into numerous linear lobes 1-14 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., which
are slightly toothed when barren ; /ateral pinne in numerous opposite pairs, the
lowest sometimes 1 ft. 1., the lobes similar to those of the terminal one, the lowest
pair forked, with a similar smaller pinn/. on the under side; both surfaces naked ;
rachis of the pinni. beneath sometimes, but not always, furnished with a row of
weak prickles ; texture herbaceous; veins fine and inconspicuous; sort not reaching
to the point of the segments. P. spinulifera, Schum. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 221.

Hab. Guinea Coast and Angola.—Habit of P. quadriaurita, but with prickly stems
and anastomosing venation. :

74. P. (Lito.) woodwardioides, Bory ; st. 6-12 in. 1, naked, erect, straw-
coloured ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down to a
broadly-winged rachis into numerous spreading linear lobes on both sides,
the barren ones blunt and not toothed; Jateral pinne in a few approximated
pairs, the lowest as large as the terminal one, the lowest bipartite ; longest segm.
1} in. 1, 2 in. br. ; teature thinly herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, anastomosing principally in costal arches ; sori falling rather short of
the point of the segments.—&. Sp. 2. p. 220.

Hab. Mauritius. Habit of large guadriaurita, thinly herbaceous in texture. M. Fée
has two Bourbon species of this group, L. borbonica and Montbrisonis, which I cannot
Separate by the descriptions alone. Is not P. pseudo-lonchitis, Bory, a Campteroid form
of this species ?

75. P. (Lito.) Milneana, Baker ; st. strong, erect, polished, yellowish-brown ;
Jr. 2-3 ft. L, with numerous pinne on each side, cut down throughout nearly to
the rachis into linear-oblong falcate lobes }$-? in. 1. 2 lin. br., the lowest
6-9 in, 1., 1-14 in. br., with a single similar but smaller pinnl. at the base on the
lower side; tewtwre herbaceous ; rachis'and both surfaces naked ; veins anasto-
mosing copiously ; sord falling short of the subentire tips.—P. tripartita y, Hk. Sp.
2. p. 226. t. 188. B.

Hab, Solomon Isles, Milne, 511; Fiji, Milne, Harvey, and a plant from Queensland
with simple lower pinne from Mr. Hill is probably the same.—Habit of P. quadriaurita.

31. PTERIS, §§§§$§§ LITOBROCHIA. 171

76. P. (Lito.) decwrrens, Presl; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. 14-3 ft.1., 12-18 in. br., the terminal pinna 6-9 in. ]., 14-2 in. br.,
cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into numerous linear slightly toothed and
slightly faleate lobes, 1-1} in. 1., } in. br.; lateral pinne numerous, the upper
ones narrowly decurrent at the base, the lower pair about 2 in. below the next,
and bipartite ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces hairy; veins fine,
inconspicuous, anastomosing copiously ; sori reaching nearly to the tip of the
segments.— Hk, Sp. 2. p. 221.

Hab. South of Brazil—Habit of quadriaurita, with decurrent upper pinnz and both
surfaces conspicuously hairy. 5

77. P. (Lito.) macilenta, Cunning.; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, straw-coloured,
brownish and scabrous below; fr. 1-3 ft. 1. ; terminal pinna 4-8 in. 1., cut down
nearly to the rachis into several deeply sinuated and toothed oblong lobes on each
side ; dat. pinnew numerous, the upper ones 2 in. apart at the base, cut down quite
to the rachis below into deeply lobed deltoid pinni., the lower ones 1 ft.1. and very
compound ; texture thinly herbaceous; rachis naked, straw-coloured, slender,
flexuose ; veins fine, not anastomosing much except the costal arches; sovz not
reaching the point of the segments.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 219,

Hab. New Zealand.—The largest ultimate segments not cut down to the rachis are
about 1} in. 1., Zin. br. A well-marked species,

78. P. (Lito.) comans, Forst.; st. 1 ft. or more |., naked, erect, glossy ;
terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., cut down nearly to the rachis into long linear
lobes, which are sometimes 4 in. 1., 3 in. br., suddenly decurrent at the base,
bluntly toothed when barren ; Jateral pinne in a few opposite pairs, sometimes
18 in. l., G6 in. br., the lowest sometimes slightly compound at the base; rachis
and both surfaces naked; texture thinly herbaceous ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; soré falling short of the apex of the segments.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 219.—
B, P. Endlicheriana, Ag. ; fr. much larger ; lobes smaller with sinuated margins ;
lower pinne very compound, their pinnl. 6-9 in. 1., deltoid, with numerous
deeply pinnatifid lanceolate segm. on both sides.—H&. 1, c. Ic. Pl. t. 973.

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Juan Fernandez, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Van
Diemen’s Land.—Though P. comans and Endlicheriana are very different in the extreme
states, they appear to be quite connected by intermediate stages. The Juan Fernandez
plant (P. Berteroana, Ag.) corresponds very nearly with the former. The allied P. levis,
Metten., from New Caledonia, we do not possess,

79. P. (Lito.) aculeata, Swartz; sé. 2 ft. 1 or more, smooth or rough with
raised points, naked ; fr. ample; terminal pinna 6-12 in. ]., cut down nearly to
the rachis throughout into lobes 14-2 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., the point acuminate,
sterile parts finely serrated ; Jateral pinne numerous, upper ones simple, lower
compound, sometimes 18 in. L., 9 in. br., with numerous pinnatifid pénn/. on both
sides ; rachis and surfaces naked ; teature herbaceous ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sor? not reaching the points.—Hzk. Sp. 2. p. 224.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru.—P. propingua, Ag., aud
P. polita, Link,. appear to be forms of this, differing, the former by its more coriaceous
texture, the latter by its less compound lower pinne. P. Beecheyana, Ag., agrees with
the latter. JZ. Tussaci and grandis, Fée, are allied plants unknown to us.

80. P. (Lito.)-deptephylla, Swartz; st. erect, firm, straw-coloured, 6-9 in. 1. ;
fr. 9-12 in. each way, deltoid ; a few of the upper pinne simple, the largest of
these under 1 in. 1., 4 in. br., decurrent at the base, strongly spinuloso-serrated
when barren, the central ones lanceolate pinnatifid with numerous similar pinnl.
and caudate, the lowest deltoid, with pinnules often 2 in.1., and again pinnatifid ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, usually anasto-

172 31. PrERIS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA.

mosing once only between the midrib and margin; sord not reaching the tip of
the segm. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 216. Gard. Ferns, t. 23.

Hab. Brazil.

81. P. (Lito.) ineisa, Thunbg.; sé. stout, erect, polished, straw-coloured or
bright-brown, sometimes slightly muricated towards the base ; 77. often several
ft. L, bi- or tripinnate, only the uppermost pinn@ simply pinnate with entire
linear-oblong pinnl., those next in order with numerous pinnatifid pinnules
2-3 in. ]., about 2 in. br., in opposite pairs, the lowest often quite close to the
stem, reduced in size and their segments dilated, the lowest pinne often very
large and compound ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; under surface often
glaucous; veins free or more or less anastomosing ; sord interrupted or con-
tinuous, often reaching the point of the segments.—A&. Sp. 2. p. 280. P. Ves-
pertilionis, Zadil, P. sinuata, Brack. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 282. 6, P. aurita,
Blume ; lowest pair of pinnules quite simple and closely adpressed to the stem
at the base of the pinne.—Hé. Sp. 2. p. 231.

Hab. Tropical America from West Indies and Columbia southward to Chili, Juan
Fernandez, and Brazil; Polynesia; Himalayas, and Formosa, southward to New
Zealand, Van Diemen’s Land, and Ceylon ; Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony, West Tropical
Africa.—A very variable plant in size, cutting, texture, and venation. It is often
scandent, with,long spreading rigid branches, and is said to attain a length of 10 yards.
In a form gathered by Capt. Carmichael in the island of Tristan d’Acunha, the veins do
not anastomose at all; often there is only a single arch on each side of the costa at the
base of a segment, and in specimens, otherwise quite similar, there is copious joining
towards the edge. Sometimes the sori are confined to the sinuses, as in Lonchitis,

**%* Tripartite. Sp. 82-87.

82. P. (Lito.) ymarginata, Bory; st. 1 ft. or more ]., strong, erect, naked,
polished, straw-coloured or brownish ; /. tripartite, the central portion 2 ft. 1. or
more ; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous closely-placed linear lobes on each side, which are very slightly
toothed when barren; /ateral pinne very numerous, closely placed, all un-
branched ; lateral divisions similar to the central one but smaller, sometimes
forked again; rachis and both surfaces naked; teature usually herbaceous ;
veins fine, anastomosing principally in arches against the midrib; sorz falling
rather short of the point of the segments.—P. tripartita, Sw. Hk, Sp. 2. p. 225.
excl, B and y.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Islands from the Philippines southward to the Isle
*of Pines, Erromanga, ~Queensland ; Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon, Sylhet, Seychelles,
Mauritius, Kaffraria, and West Tropical Africa.—P. heterophlebia, Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 6.
p..197, is probably a form of this with the veins usually only anastomosing once between
.the midrib and edge of the segments,

83. P. (Lito.) Luschnathiana, Baker ; st. 2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. tripartite, with the three divisions nearly equal ; terminal pinna
6-9 in. 1, 14 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, into numerous
narrow falcate linear lobes with a broad sinus between them, which are finely
spinuloso-serrated when barren; lateral pinne numerous, similar, the lowest
2 in. below the next, not forked; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine,
scarcely anastomosing in the ultimate segments except in costal arches in the
lower half; sord falling short of the point.—Campteria, Klotzsch.

Hab. Brazil, Zuschnath, Seems a variety of aculeata.

84. P. (Lito.) podophylla, Swartz; st. 4 ft. 1. or more, 4-2 in. thick at the
base, muricated below, straw-coloured, glossy ; fr. ample, ternately divided ;
terminal pinna 6 in. 1. or more, 1-14 in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to
the rachis into numerous linear-oblong falcate lobes, which are finely spinuloso-

em

31. prenis, §$§§§§§ AMPHIBLESTRA. 173

serrated when barren ; lateral pinne in numerous closely-placed néarly opposite
pairs, 6-9 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., with numerous lobes similar to those of the terminal
one ; lateral divisions of the fr. like the terminal one, but smaller ; texture thick,
coriaceous, both surfaces and the glossy straw-coloured rachis naked, or nearly
so ; veins fine, inconspicuous ; soré continuous, falling short of the apex of the
segm.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 227. Gard. F. t. 55. L. camptocarpa, Fee. Hk. Sp. 2.
Pp. 229.—8, P. setifera, Fée; pinne smaller; segm. narrower and sharper.—
Hk, Sp. 2. p, 224.

_ Hab. Mexico and West Indies southward to the Andes of Ecuador.—In texture this
is most like P. deflexa and cortacea, with which it agrees in its tripartite habit. A plant
from Java, sent by De Vriese without name, may be identical with P. setifera.

85. P. (Lito.) Kunzeana, Agardh; st. 8 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, polished,
straw-coloured or reddish-brown, muricated below ; 7r. ample ; terminal pinna
1 ft. 1, 3in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into numerous
linear sharp-pointed falcate lobes, which are slightly spinuloso-serrated when
barren ; lateral pinne in numerous nearly opposite pairs, the lower ones stalked,
equalling or exceeding the terminal one in size and similarly pinnatipartite, the
lowest pair large, deltoid, compound below, with smaller similar pinnl. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins anastomosing copiously ; soré
falling short of the apex of the segm.— Hb. Sp. 2. p. 221. t. 189.

Hab. Tropical America, from West Indies and Ecuador southward to Peru.—This is
united by Dr, Grisebach with podophylla, but seems saisfactorily distinct. The pinne
are very much larger, so that there is sometimes a space of fully 4 in. between their
sinuses and the rachis. I gather from one of Dr. Spruce’s notes, that this also is
tripartite in habit, and cannot from the descriptions and authenticated specimens dis-
tinguish P. longibracteata, Ag., which has equally large pinnz and segments.

86. P. (Lito.) elata, Agardh ; st. 2-3 ft. 1, erect, naked, glossy, straw-coloured ;
fr. ample, tripartite ; terminal pinna 12-18 in. 1., cut down nearly or quite to the
rachis into numerous linear lobes on both sides, which are 3-5 in. l., 4 in. or
more br., spinuloso-serrated when barren; upper lat. pinne 6 in. 1., not cut
down to the rachis ; lower ones equalling in size and cutting the terminal one,
the lateral divisions of the frond deltoid, 2-3 ft. 1. ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing copiously ; sori falling short
of the points of the segments.— HA. Sp. 2. p. 223.

Hab. Tropical America from Panama southward to Ecuador.

87. P. (Lito.) gigantea, Willd. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, erect, naked, polished ; fr.
tripartite ; terminal pinna 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis
into numerous linear falcate lobes, which are a little bluntly toothed when
barren ; Jat. pinne numerous, the largest often 18 in. 1., 4 in. br., the largest
pinni. nearly 2 in. 1., more than $ in. br.; dat. divisions 2 ft. 1., deltoid ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sori falling short of the apex of the segments.— Hk, Sp. 2. p. 217.
P. crassipes, Ag. Hk. l. ¢

Hab. West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru.

SSSSSSS Amphiblestra, Presl. Veins copiously anastomosing, with free included
veinlets. Sp. 84, Tas. III. f. 31.1.

88. P. (Amphi.) latifolia, H.B.K.; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., with a large terminal anda
pair of lateral pinne, the former with an oblong-triangular sinuated acuminated
apex and two spreading lanceolate lateral lobes, the lateral ones sometimes
1 ft. 1, 2 in. br., nearly entire; tewture herbaceous; principal veins nearly
parallel, about 1 in. apart.—H&. Sp. 2. p. 238.

Hab. Venezuela; gathered first by Humboldt and Bonpland.

4 33, LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

Gen. 82. Crenatopreris, Brong.

Sori placed on two or three veins which run down the frond longitudinally,
and are nearly parallel both with the edge and midrib. Caps. scattered on
the receptacles, sessile, subglobose, with a ring which is either complete,
or more or less partial or obsolete. Jnvol. formed of the reflexed margin of the
frond, those of the two sides meeting against the midrib. dA very anomalous
cea regarded by some as a distinct suborder and placed by others in Polypodieee.

AB, IIL. f. 32.

1. C,. thalictroides,. Brong.; st. tufted, thick, inflated, filled with large air-
cells </r. succulent in texture, the barren ones floating, simple or slightly divided
when young, bi- or tripinnate, with narrow linear segm. when mature, fertile ones
bi- or tripinnate ; wilt. segm. podlike.—H&, Sp. 2. p. 236.

Hab. Throughout the Tropics in quiet waters; Mexico and W. Indies southward to
Brazil ; Punjaub southward to Tropical Australia, Madagascar, Angola, West Tropical
Africa.—Parkeria pteroides, Hk. Gr. Ic. t, 97, is the form without a ring to the capsule.

Gen. 83, Lomarra, Willd, (See page 481.)

Sori linear, continuous, parallel with the midrib and occupying the whole or
nearly the whole of the space between it and the edge. Jnvol. membranous,
formed of the revolute edge of the frond. Fronds dimorphous, usually once
pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple or bipinnate. Veins free, except casually in one
species. A considerable genus, closely connected with Blechnum, most of the species of
which resemble one another closely in habit and cutting, which has tts head-quarters
in the South Temperate Zone, with outliers all over the world. Tas. IV. f. 33.

§ Eulomaria. Base of the stipe not suddenly dilated and glandular. Ring of
capsule vertical, Sp. 1-33.

* Frond simple or central and lower pinne of the sterile frond more or less
distinctly dilated and connected at the base. Sp. 1-20,

+ Fronds simple or pinne few. Sp. 1-2.

1. L. Patersoni, Spreng.; rhizome short-creeping ; st, 2-83 in, ]., wiry, erect,
rather scaly below ; sterile fr. about 1. ft. 1, under 1 in. br., broadest one-third
of the distance from the top, narrowed very gradually downwards, the point
acuminate, the margin cartilaginous and wavy ; teature coriaceous, veins incon-
spicuous; fertile fr. as long but only } in. br. ; sort occupying the whole space
between the midrib and margin.—Hé. Sp. 3. p. 3. F. Ex. t. 49. L. Cumingiana,
Hk. Sp. 8. t. 143.—6, L. elongata, Blume; both sterile and fertile fr. pinnatifid,
2 ft. 1. or more, the former cut down nearly to the rachis into 6 to 9 pinne
on each side, which are often 6-9 in. 1, nearly 1 in. br., and suddenly decurrent
at the base, the fertile pinnse often numerous on each side, erecto-patent, 6 in. L.,
4 in, br.—L, Colensoi, H%. fil. L. punctata, Blume.

Hab. a, 8. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and Philippines.—6, Neilgherries and
Ceylon eastward and southward to Fiji and New Zealand.—The two supposed species
were at first believed—Patersont to be always simple, and elongata to be always pinnate ;
but the Australian one has now been traced into a pinnate form, and the Polynesian
into a simple form in the fertile state, and in each case I cannot find any character to
distinguish these from the other supposed species. Asin most of others, the fronds are
occasionally in part sterile and in part fertile. The pinnz are fewer and more distant
from one another than in any of the species that follow, and their decurrent base is
broader and more conspicuous.

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA, 175

2. L. Vieillardii, Baker ; caudex stout, erect, woody; sf. 3-4 in. l., clothed
below with large dark-brown lanceolate scales ; sterile fr. 1 ft. or more l., 1-8 in.
br., varying in shape from linear and entire to oblong, with a long, linear,
entire point and cut down within 4 in. of the rachis into several pénn@ on
each side, which are 13-2 in. 1. } in. br., furnished with a distinct wavy
cartilaginous border and subdentate towards the apex; the base gradually
narrowed into an undulated wing to the rachis, with sometimes a few distinct
auriculate lobes ; texture coriaceous-; veins fine, rather distant ; fertile fr. quite
simple or pinnate, with several narrow distinct linear pinn@ on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1, 4-2 in. apart at the base—Blechnum, Metten. Annales, series 4,
vol. 15. p. 70.

Hah. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 48.

6 tt Attenuata group. Fronds ample, ovate ; pinnee numerous, 2 in. or more long.
p. 3-10.

8. L. ciliata, Moore ; caudex a span high, 13 in. thick; s¢. blackish, slightly
scaly below; fr. not numerous, 8-12 in. 1., evato-oblong, simply pinnate; barren
pinne linear-oblong, the lower ones distant and narrowed below ; the upper
ones more approximate, adnato-decurrent, with a broad rounded auricle at the
base on the lower side, bluntish, frequently emarginate or bifid, the margins
lobed and spinuloso-ciliated ; teetwre firm but thin; veins usually once forked ;
fertile pinne narrow, linear, decurrent, sometimes slightly Dt tes rachis
dark-coloured like the stipe, slightly scaly below.—Moore, Gard. Chron. 1866.
p. 290.

Hab. New Caledonia; imported by Mr. Veitch.—‘ Allied to ZL. gibta in the
swollen decurrent bases of the pinne, but differing in its less numerous fronds, and in
the much less crowded series of pinne as well as in their very apparent fringe of
spinulose teeth,”

4. L. gibba, Labill. ; caud. 2-3 ft. high ; s¢, short, strong, erect, densely clothed
below with long, linear-subulate black scales; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 6 in. br., both
barren and fertile with very numerous erecto-patent pinn@ on each side, those of
the former 4-6 in. L, + in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis, dilated and con-
nected at the base, the lower ones growing shorter very gradually, the margin
nearly entire; texture coriaceous; veins once forked, fine, subparallel ; fertile
pinne 4-6 in. 1, 4 in. br., the sord occupying the whole space between the edge
and midrib ; rachis stout, the lower half fibrillose like the stipe —Hz. Sp. 3. p. 5.

Hab. New Caledonia, Aneiteum, Isle of Pines.—A large stout plant much resembling
LL. attenwata in the shape of the pinnz and the gradual way in which they decrease
downwards, but differing by-its dark bristly scales, which extend considerably up the
rachis, A specimen from Erromanga, from R. Brown’s herbarium, has the sori not
quite marginal,

5. L. discolor, Willd. ; caud. stout, ascending; sf. 3-6 in. 1., strong, black,
glossy, densely clothed at the base with long, dark, linear-subulate scales ; fr.
1-3 ft. 1., the barren one 4-6 in. br., narrowed gradually at the base; pinne
numerous, spreading, contiguous, linear, 2-3 in. 1, 2 in. br., cut down very
nearly to the rachis, narrowed suddenly towards the point, the margin wavy ;
texture coriaceous ; veins prominent, close, subparallel ; fertile pinne as numerous
but narrower and shorter ; rachis naked, usually reddish-black in the fertile
frond.— Hk, Sp. 8. p. 5.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and New Zealand; abundant.—Dr. Mueller
sends a curious bipinnatifid form. “Very similar to Z. attenuata, but usually larger, the
fronds forming an elegant crown, red-brown below, the pinnules narrower, those of the
fertile frond often leafy at the base.”—Dr. Hooker.

176 33, LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

6. L. attenuata, Willd. ; caud. long, horizontal, stout, densely clothed at the
apex with linear-subulate, bright-brown scales; sf. 4-6 in. L, erect, naked or
slightly scaly below ; fr. 1-3 ft. L, 6-9 in. br. ovate, narrowed very gradually
downwards ; barren pinne numerous, contiguous, spreading, linear, 3-4 in. 1.
$2 in. br., narrowing gradually towards the point, which is sometimes bluntly
serrated, dilated on both sides at the base; texture coriaceous; veins strong ;
fertile pinne as numerous but very narrow ($-1 lin. br.) ; rachis naked.—Hh.
Sp. 3.p.6. L. gigantea, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 10.

Hab. America from the West Indies and Guatemala southward to Brazil and Juan
Fernandez ; Polynesian Islands, Norfolk Island, Mauritius, Bourbon, Fernando Po, and
Cape Colony.—Z. pteropus, Kunze, is evidently a form with the lower pinnz confluent.
Occasionally all the pinne are obliterated, and we have an entire lanceolate frond like
that of L. Patersoni, :

7. L. L’Herminieri, Bory ; caud. ultimately elongated, densely clothed with
linear dark-brown scales; s¢. 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, dark-brown, paleaceous ;
barren fr. ovate-lanceolate, 9-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; the pinne dilated at the base,
slightly falcate, 2in. or rather more ]., din. br., the point bluntish, a few of the
lower ones cut down suddenly into mere auricles; texture coriaceous; colour
dark-green, both surfaces naked; veins not conspicuous; fertile pinne 2-3 in.
1, 4 in. br., the lower ones $-1 in, apart at the base.—H&. Sp. 3. p.9. Gard.
Ferns, t. 40.

Hab. America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Chilii—Probably
the same species as the Australian and Polynesian lanceolata,

8. L. Plumieri, Desv. ; caud. thick, creeping or suberect, densely scaly at the
crown; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, dark-coloured, naked ; fr. 2-8 ft. |., 9-12 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, abruptly terminated at the base; pémnw very numerous on
each side, spreading, those of the barren frond 4-6 in. 1., $-2 in. br., cut down
very nearly to the base, the edges flat, entire, contiguous, the point acuminated ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veins obscure, subparallel, nearly 4 in. apart at the base ;
fertile pinne 4-6 in. 1., Zin. br., often variously curved, dilated at the base ;
rachis naked.—Hk. Sp. 3. p.7. WL. divergens, Kunze.

Hab. Tropical America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Rio Janeiro
and Peru.—In some of the forms the pinne are nearly equal at the base, in others few in
number and conspicuously dilated. This and the next may be known from all the pre-
ceding by the abrupt termination of the frond in a downward direction, the lowest pair
of pinng being usually not much shorter than the others,

9. L. vulcanica, Blume ; caud. thick, erect or subprostrate, densely clothed at the
crown with subulate blackish scales; s¢. 4-6 in. l., pale, erect, paleaceous below ;
fr. 6-18 in. 1., 3-6 in, br., the barren one ovate-lanceolate, not narrowed at the base
or the lower pinne abbreviated ; pinne spreading, lanceolate, 2-4 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the base slightly dilated, the point acute or bluntish, the lowest pair
deflexed ; texture coriaceous, the margin cartilaginous and undulated ; veins fine
and prominent beneath, the surface and margin often slightly hairy ; fertile
pinne linear, distant, dilated suddenly at the base, 2-4 in. L., ¢ in. br— Zé, Sp.
3. p. 138. Je. t. 969. L. pilosa, Brack.

Hab. Java, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, and Van Diemen’s Land..

10. L. opaca, Baker ; caud. ascending, clothed at the crown with numerous
linear dark-brown scales; barren fr. ovate, narrowed very gradually below,
6-12 in. 1, 4-6 in. br. s penne numerous, close, spreading horizontally, linear-
oblong, 1-2 in. 1., 5-Z in. br., dilated and connected at the base, the margin
undulato-dentate, and the apex bluntly rounded and emarginate ; texture thick -
and coriaceous ; veins fine, at least twice branched, sometimes anastomosing

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA. 177

before they reach the margin ; rachis pubescent and the lower surface slightly.
so, colour deep-green; fertile fr. with numerous distant, spreading, narrow,
linear pinne.—Blechnum, Metten. Annales, 4 ser. part 15. p. 69.

Hab. Gathered by Milne in Aneiteum, and Vieillard in New Caledonia.—This is a very
curious plant which Sir W. Hooker thought might be an abnormal form of L. attenuata,
under which it is mentioned in Sp. Fil. It is only the New Caledonian examples
which show the anastomosing venation, but Milne’s plant is evidently the same. The
apex of the frond is not cut down within a considerable distance of the rachie, Mettenius
compares it in habit to Z. nigra, It is L. emarginata of Carruthers,

é Ht Spicant group. Fronds smaller, lanceolate, pinne not more than 1-1} in. 1.
jp. 11-20.

11. L. lanceolata, Spreng.; caud. elongated and densely clothed with dark-
brown timear scales} st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, dark-brown, paleaceous ; fr. 6-12
in. ]., 2-4 in. br., the barren ones lanceolate, narrowed very gradually below ;
pinne close, slightly falcate, 1-1} in. 1., }-€ in. br., gradually narrowed to a
point or bluntish, slightly toothed, both surfaces naked; texture coriaceous,
colour bright-green, the veins strong and prominent; fertile pinne linear,
spreading or faleate, about 4 in. apart at the base; rachis pale, naked.—H&. Ic.
t. 429. Sp. 3. p. 11.

Hab, Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, New Zealand, and Polynesian Islands.

12. L. blechnoides, Bory ; caud. creeping ; barren /r. short-stalked, lanceolate,
about 6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br. ; upper pinne 2 in. 1., % in. br., dilated at the base,
rather falcate, the point blunt, the lower ones narrowed gradually into mere
auricles ; tezture coriaceous, veins not conspicuous ; fertile /r. 12-18 in. 1., 3 in.
br.; st. 6 in. 1., strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown ; pinn@ 14-2 in. 1. } in. br.,
dilated suddenly at the base, the upper ones }-3 in. apart, and the bases nearly
or quite decurrent from one to another.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 12.

Hab. Chili.—Probably this should be joined with LZ. lanceolata, from which it only
differs by its larger fertile frond, with pinne widened suddenly at the base on both
sides.

13. L. dura, Moore; caud. erect, subarborescent; st. 1 in. 1, thick, erect,
with ovate-lanceolate scales at the base; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis below ; barren pinne, the lower ones dwarfed into rounded
lobes, the middle ones oblong subfalcate, the upper ones narower and more
acuminated ; fertile pinne shorter, crowded, broadish, very blunt, decurrent at
the base above ; texture coriaceous, veins forked; znvol. transversely wrinkled,
the margin fimbriated—Woore, Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 290. LL. rigida, J. Sm.
Ferns Brit. & For. p. 290.

Hab. Chatham Islands,—“ Allied to Z. lanceolata and blechnoides, but differing by its
thick leathery texture when fresh, and in the entire somewhat cartilaginous margin.
Fertile fronds remarkable for their stout densely-fruited very blunt crowded pinne and
fringed indusia.”—Moore, l. c.

14, L. aspera, Klotzsch ; caud, stout, ultimately elongated, clothed with
linear chesnut-brown scales; st. scarcely any ; barren fr. 6 in.1., 2 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed very gradually below ; pinnae close, the largest 2 in. 1.,
# in. br., slightly dilated at the base and auricled on the upper side, the point
bluntish ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous; fertile fr. much smaller
(3 in. 1, 2 in, br.), on a longer stem-; pinne crowded, } in. 1., } in. br., blunt,
the dnvol. broad, and involute-—H&. Sp. 8. p. 14. t. 144.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe.—The fronds take root at the extremity and produce new

piants. The habit of the barren frond is just that of Z. lanceolata, but the fertile one is
very different,

Zz

178 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARTA.

_ 15. L. onocleoides, Spreng. ; rhizome long, scandent, densely clothed with
linear chesnut-brown scales ; barren fr. on st. 8-4 in. 1., lanceolate, 12-18 in. L,
1-2 in. br., narrowed very gradually below ; pinne 1 in. 1. or less, 4-2 in. br.,
lanceolate, dilated at the base, narrowed gradually towards the point ; texture
very coriaceous, the surface shining and the veins beneath prominently chan-
nelled ; fertile fr. on st. 4-6 in. 1.3 pinne@ linear, 1-14 in. 1., central ones } in.
apart at the base ; znvol. broad, involute-—Hz&. Sp. 3. p. 10. t. 146.

Hab. West Indies and Ecuador.—A more rigid plant than the four preceding, with
a different caudex. The pinnz recall those of attenuata, but are much shorter.

16. L. obtusata, Labill.; caud. stout, suberect, clothed with dark-brown linear
scales; st. 2-3 in. 1, strong, erect, scaly below; barren fr. linear-lanceolate,
narrowed very gradually towards both ends; pinne close, erecto-patent, linear,
slightly faleate, bluntish, $ in. 1, 3 in. br., the lower ones reduced down to mere
auricles ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous; fertile fr. rather longer and
on longer stalks; pinn@ narrowly linear, falcate, + in. apart, decurrent at the
base.—Lab. Sert. t. 6.

Hab. New Caledonia.—Very like Z. Spicant in general outline, but much more rigid,
with an elongated caudex.

17. L. Spicant, Desv. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; barren jr. on stalks
2-3 in. 1., lanceolate, 6-9 in, 1., 1-1} in. br., narrowed gradually below ; pinne
linear, $-3 in. 1, 4 in. br., bluntish or mucronate, slightly dilated at the base ;
texture herbaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. often 1 ft. 1., 2 in. br., on sé.
6-9 in. 1., chesnut-coloured and polished ; narrowly linear pinnw 3-8 in. apart,
dilated at the base, the line of fructification at first slightly intramarginal.—
Hk, Sp. 3. p.14. Brit. F.t. 40. L, niponicum, Kunze.

Hab, Throughout Europe from the Arctic regions to Madeira and Crete, Caucasus,
Kamtschatka, Japan, N. W. America.—In this and the next the fertile fronds are erect,
and the barren ones more or less spreading. It seems probable that Blechnum doodioides,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3. p. 60. ¢. 158. which has not been refound, is a Doodioid form of this,
analogous to the one which occurs in ZL. punctulata. ©

18. L. alpina, Spreng. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, clothed with lan-
ceolate-ferruginous scales at the crown ; barren fr. 4-8 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., linear-
lanceolate, with spreading close-placed linear-oblong, obtuse pinnw 4 in. 1., $ in.
or rather more br. ; tewvtwre subcoriaceous 3 rachis naked ; fertile fr. on st. 4-12 in.
1. ; pinne narrower and more distant ; invol. slightly intramarginal —H&. Sp. 3.
p.16. Fil, Exot. t. 32. Polypodium Penna-marina, Poir., oldest name.

Hab. 8. Brazil; plentiful in Temperate S. America, New Zealand, Van Diemen’s
Land, Alps of 8. Australia—A smaller plant than Z. Spicant, with a slender wide-
creeping rhizome, and the pinne, especially ofthe fertile frond, broader and shorter.

19. L. Banksii, Hk. fil.; caud. stout, woody, elongated, clothed upwards with
lanceolate ferruginous scales; st. 3-4 in.]., erect, dark-coloured, scaly below ;
barren fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br. ; pinn@ spreading, oblong, obtuse,
8-4 in. 1, 2 in. br., close-placed, passing gradually downwards into a sinuated
decurrent wing to the stem; fertile fr. smaller and more slender; pinne
narrower and more distant ; ¢extwre subcoriaceous; rachis naked.—H&. Sp. 3. p.
17. Ak. fil. Fl. N. Z. t. 76.

Hab. New Zealand.—Easily distinguished from all its allies by its oblong obtuse
pinne, even the upper ones more than half as broad as long.

20. L. pumila, Raoul ; rhizome slender, creeping, clothed with bluntish ferru-
ginous scales at the apex; barren fr. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1. $ in. br.; pinne
spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, crenated, 3 in, 1., } in. br., the stem about 1 in.
1, ; fertile fr. on st. 8-4 in. 1.5 the pinne linear-oblong with a considerable space

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA. 179

between them; fezture herbaceous; veins inconspicuous; rachis naked.—Hk.
Sp. 8. p. 18.

Hab. New Zealand.—Most like ZL. alpina, but much more delicate in texture, with
the pinne distinctly crenated.

2% Central and lower pinne of the sterile frond narrowed at the base and always
distinctly separated from one another. Sp. 21-30.

21. L. punctulata, Kunze ; caud. stout, densely paleaceous at the crown; s.
3-6 in. 1., strong, erect ; barren fr. oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 ft.1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnae
very numerous, contiguous, linear, subfalcate, 2-3 in. ]., 4-2 in. br., rounded or
cordate and auricled at the base, the lower ones deflexed and the lowest reduced
down to auricles ; texture coriaceous; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. similar,
but the pinne often not more than 4 in. br.; invol. often more or less intra-
marginal ; rachis stout, erect, straw-coloured, naked.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 31.

Hab. S, Africa from Natal southward and Java.—This has sometimes the fruit of
L. ia and ti of Blechnum, but the most surprising abnormal form is the
Scolopendrium Krebsii of Kunze (Bot. Mag. t. 4768), in which every pinna has a large
number of parallel rows of fruit directed from the midrib towards the edge at an acute
angle with the former, as is usual in the Aspleniew, and there is a form differing only
from Blechnum in the line of fructification being interrupted, and thus agreeing with
Doodia. It is the representative of Z. aitenuata in the pinnate-fronded series, and may
be best known from procera by the lower pinnz being gradually reduced down to
auricles. Blechnum Athersioni of Pappe is the Blechnoid form.

22. L. procera, Spreng.; caud. stout, woody, elongated, clothed with large
ovate or lanceolate-acuminate ferruginous scales; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect,
scaly below ; barren fr. ovate, 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br.; pinne@ linear, 3-12 in. |,
$-1 in. br., the lower ones stalked, the base rounded or even cordate, sometimes
auricled, the point narrowed gradually, sometimes slightly toothed ; terture
coriaceous ; veins fine and parallel, midrib beneath more or less chaffy ; fertile
pinne narrowly linear, distant, 4-6 in. 1., } in. br.; rachis stout, erect, more or
less scaly ; invol. broad, membranaceous, ciliated, sometimes slightly intra-
marginal.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 23. Jc. ¢.127,128. Gard. Ferns, t. 53. LL. Gilliesii,
Hi. & G. Ic. t. 207. Osmunda capensis, Zinn., oldest name.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies southward to Chili; Malayan and Polynesian Islands,
N. Zealand, S, Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and S. Africa.—Often the same frond is
partially barren end partially fertile, and there is a form that has the barren pinnz
slightly pinnatifid. We include here, from inability to separate them clearly, a large
number of plants which have been regarded as distinct, ranging from “L. daneacea,
Kunze, which has only two or three pinnz on each side nearly an inch broad, up to
LL. ornifolia, Presl (L. spectabilis, Liebm., L. tuberculata, 5. Sm., and L. longifoha,
Schlecht), which has fronds 3 ft. long with as many as forty pinnez, the lower ones
distinctly stalked and often furnished with glands like those of Plagiogyria at the base of
the petiole. L. chilensis, Kaulf., L. Capensis, Willd., and Blechnum Lechleri, Mett., are
similar large-growing forms ; L. vestita, Blume, and LZ. squamulosa, Desv., have densely
paleaceous rachises. Dr. Hooker, in the New Zealand Flora, defines four varieties,
which keep their characters under cultivation. y

23. L. caudata, Baker; caud. elongated, densely clothed at the apex with
lanceolate dark-brown scales ; st. 2-3 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly below ; barren fr.
2 ft. 1. or more, 4 in. br., gradually narrowed below and elongated and rooting
at the apex ; pinn@ numerous, all quite distinct, narrowed suddenly to the
midrib, but not stalked at the base, the largest at and a little below the centre of
the stem, linear-oblong, 13-2 in. 1., 4 in. br., spreading horizontally, narrowed
suddenly at the base, slightly auricied on the lower side, narrowed suddenly at
the point ; the lower ones blunt, passing gradually down into mere auricles ;
those above the centre of the stem growing gradually smaller and blunter to
where it takes root; tezture coriaceous; colour bright-green ; ceizs beneath

180 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

prominent; rachis and midrib more or less chaffy ; fertile fr. with narrow linear
pinne 3-4 in. 1.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5829.—Most like L. procera, of which it may be an
abnormal form. Pinne at least 4 in. distant at the base.

24. L. Boryana, Willd.; caud. stout, erect, 1-2 ft. high, woody, densely
clothed with dark-coloured, firm linear-subulate scales ; st. stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1.5
barren fr. ovate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br.; pinne close-placed, erecto-patent, lan-
ceolate, narrowed gradually to the point, narrowed and sometimes auricled at
the base, 3-6 in. ]., 3 in. or rather more br. ; ¢exture coriaceous ; vems Incon-
spicuous ; fertile pinne narrow, linear, rather close; invol. brown, imembrana-
ceous, fimbriated, sometimes slightly intramarginal.—L. magellanica, Desv. Zk.
Sp. 2. p.27. Gard, Ferns, t. 52. 1. tabularis, Mett., oldest name.

Hab. W. Indies southward to Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan; Mauritius,
Bourbon, Madagascar, Angola, and S. Africa.—Very near Z. procera, but a stouter-
growing plant, with narrower and more spreading pinnw. Perhaps the best distinction
is in the scales, which here are very dense, long, and fibre-like. Usually the rachis is
quite naked, but in a stout-growing form from Tristan d’Acunha (LZ. robusta, Carm.), it is
densely scaly throughout.

25. L. acuta, Desv.; caud. stout, elongated, densely scaly at the crown ; sé.
strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., dark-coloured, paleaceous below ; /r. stout, erect, ovate,
2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. br., with numerous pinne on each side, which are quite distinct
and 1 in. or more distant at the base, linear, 4-6 in. 1., nearly 1 in. br., entire at
the edge, and narrowed gradually towards both ends; texture coriaceous; veins
inconspicuous, both surfaces naked ; fertile pinne 1 in. distant, narrowly linear,
4-6 in. l.; rachis stout, erect, naked.—L. cuspidata, Kee. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 30.
t. 151,

Hab. Peru and New Granada.—Most like Z. procera, but the pinne are much more

distantly placed and are gradually narrowed to a slightly adnate base from two-thirds
of the way down.

26. L. filiformis, Cunning. ; rhizome scandent, stout, paleaceous ; sf. distant,
1-4 in. 1.; sterile fr. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; ginne numerous,
spreading, linear, 2-3 in. L., 4 in. br., distinctly stalked, narrowed gradually
towards the point and regularly crenato-dentate throughout ; fr. of the lower
part of the caudex often much smaller, linear in general outline, 3-4 in. L.,
lin. br., with oblong obtuse sharply-toothed pinne ; fertile fr. ovate, with
numerous narrowly linear pinne 3-4 in. 1.5 rachis naked.—H&h. Sp. 3. p. 83.
Stenochlena heteromorpha, J%. Smith, Osmunda reptans, Banks and Sol.,
oldest name,

Hab. New Zealand and Fiji—aA very distinct species, easily recognizable by its

trimorphic. fronds. Species 21-26 in size and habit recall 3-10, but are more distinctly
pinnate.

27. L. Germainit, Hk. ; caud. elongated, clothed at the apex with lanceolate
pale-brown scales ; st, 1-2 in. 1., erect, firm, scaly ; barren fr. 2-3 in. L, 3-1 in.
br., oblong-lanceolate, with imbricated spreading linear obtuse crenate pinne,
the largest 3 in. lL, § in. br., the lower ones distant and narrowing down
gradually to mere auricles; texture stout, coriaceous; veins inconspicuous ;
Jertile fr. on longer stalks, with pinnae nearly as broad and close as the others :
rachis naked.—H&, Sp. 3. p. 82. t. 152. :

Hab. Chili; gathered by M. Germain.—Most like Z. alpina in size and habit, but the

lower pinne distinctly separated. We have a garden specimen of what looks like the _

same, but is more slender and elongated, marked “ Z. crenulata, Moore, MSS. Japan,
Veitch.” '

33. LOMARLA, } ECLOMARIA. 121

28. L. nigra, Cul; eaud. stout, clothed at the crown with linear scales; st,
slender, erect, densely scaly, 2-3 in. L ; Larren fr. 46 in. L, 1-1} in. br., linear-
oblong, with a large bluntish sinuated point, cut down below to the rachis into
numerous roundish-oblong sinuated pixne on each side, which are 3-3 in. 1.,
2-2 im br., the lower ones 7uic< distinct and a short distance from one an--her ;
texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; veins fine ; fertile fr. with longer stalks,
the penta pinna long, linear, the lateral ones linear, erecto-patent.— HE. Sp. 3.
225. Ie. t. 960.

Hab. New Zealand. A very distinct species of herbaceous texture, with the lower
pinne quite distinct, but a large terminal ¢-1--isn of the frond lobed only.

29. L. fluviatilis, Spreng.; caud. 3-4 in. 1, stout, clothed towards the crown
with linear bright-brown scales; #. 3-4 in. L, erect, densely scaly ; barren fr.
Tinear, 6-18 in. L, 1-2 in. br.; pinne cblong, obtuse, spreading, not decurrent,
3-2 in. L, }2 in. br., the upper ones nearly contiguous, the lower ones shorter
and more distant ; texture herbaceous ; teins conspicuous ; fertile pinne linear
obtuse, 3-3 in. 1, 3 in. br., erecto-patent, the lower ones with more than their
own length between their bases; rachis paleaceous throughout.—2HE. Sp. 2. p. 34.

Hab. New Zealand, Van Diemen’: Land, South Australia.—Easily recognizable from
all the others by the shape of its pinna.

30. L. membranacea, Col.; caud. short, the scales linear, dark-brown ; s¢. very
short; barren fr. linear-oblong, 6-9 in. 1, 1-1} in. br.; pinne spreading or
erecto-patent, lmear-oblong, obtuse, crenated, the largest ? in. 1., } in. br., the
lower ones quite distinct at the base, but contiguous, the lowest gradually
reduced to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous ; tins often conspicuous ; fertile fr.
on a st. several in. 1; pinnae subdistant, linear, erecto-patent ; rachis naked.—
HE. Sp. 8. p. 84. t. V5.

Hab. New Zealand.—Intermediate in habit between the last and Z. lanceolata.
2% Sterile fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate. Sp. 31-34.

31. L. dizersifolia, Baker ; caud. stout, oblique, densely clothed with linear-
subulate dark-brown scales; sterile fr. ovate, 6-8 in. L, 3-4 in. br., its stem
stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1, dark chesnut-brown, paleaceous below; pinne linear,
spreading horizontally, the largest 1} in. |., 2 in. br., cut down throughout
halfway <*> the rachis into ovate-mucronate lobes, not ai all adnate at the base ;
texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; reins strong and prominent, the lateral
ones in each of the lobes of the pinne usually once branched ; fertile fr. on a st.
1 ft. 1.; pinne distant, narrowly linear, 3-4 in. L; rachis naked and dark
chesnut-brown like the stipe.—Blechnum, Metten. Annales, 4 ser. vol. 15. p. 71.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1532.—By their bipinnatifid barren fronds, this and
the next connect Z. Fraseri with the rest of the genus, but the fertile frond is just that
of a typical Lomaria.

32. L. Lenormandi, Baker; sf. 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, densely clothed with
long brown fibrille ; serile fr. oblong-lanceolate, 12-18 in. L, 6-8 in. br., with
numerous quite distinct linear pinne on each side, which are 3-4 in. L, rather
more than 3 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis throuzhont into finely-
toothed linear falcate pinnl., the lower ones growing shorter very gradually ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis fibrillose throughout ; veindets of the pinnules incon-
spicuous ; fert. pinne very numerous, narrowly linear, quite entire, 2-3 in. L,
Z in. apart.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vicillard.—This is sent as B. contiquum, Mett., but this latter
from the description is a simply pinnate plant near ZL. procera. Here the barren frond
resembles that of Z. Fraseri in cutting, but the rachis is fibrillose, not winged, whil-t
the fertile frond is not materially different from a large number of the foregoing.

182 33, LOMARIA, §§ PLAGIOGYRIA.

33. L. Fraseri, Cunning. ; caud. elongated, stout, suberect, densely clothed
with linear dark-brown scales at the crown; st. 4-G in. L, strong, erect, scaly 3
Jr. ovate-acuminate, bipinnatifid, 12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br.; pinn@ linear-lan-
ceolate, the lower ones 2-3 in. L., Fai in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis
into linear-oblong mucronate slightly-toothed pinnl., their bases decurrent into
a pinnatifid wing to the main rachis with triangular lobes ; texture herbaceous ;
veins fine, the lateral ones of the pinnules usually once forked ; fertile fr. similar
in size.and cutting.—Hé. Sp. 8. p.40. Ic. Pl. t. 185.

Hab. New Zealand.—Very dissimilar in habit to alt the other species, combining a
frond like one of our common Lastrece with the fructification of 4 Lomaria.

34. L. volubilis, Hk.; fr. 20 ft. 1, scandent and twining; pinne distantly
placed, deltoid-ovate, 1 ft. or more l., by nearly as broad, with a terminal pinné.
and several opposite pairs, which are oblong, the largest 4-5 in. 1, 14-14 in. br.,
narrowed suddenly to a long acuminate point, the upper part slightly toothed
and rounded at the base to a short petiole ; teature subcoriaceous; veins fine,
close-placed, usually simple; rachis and both surfaces naked; fertile pinnl.
narrowly linear, 4-6 in. l., 1 in. or more apart at the base, with a broad con-
tinuous znvol, springing from the edge of the leafy rib not more than a line wide.
—Hb. Sp.8. p. 89. t. 150.

Hab. Banks of the Rio Negro, Spruce, 1263; and since gathered by Dr. Spruce at
Napes (2,800), and by Appun in British Guiana (995).—This remarkable plant appears
quite to agree in habit with Blechnum volubile, of which it is probable it will ultimately
be shown to ke an abnormal Lomarioid form.

_ §§ Plagiogyria, Kunze. Base of the stipe suddenly dilated, fleshy, triquetraus,
Surnished with large spongy glands, Capsules with an oblique ring. Sp. 35-89.

35. L. (Plag.) semicordata, Baker-; caud. short, erect; st. dilated at the base,
winged below, erect, naked, 3-6 in, 1. ; /r. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br. ;
pinne numerous, spreading, linear, 3-4 in. 1., 4-2 in. br. finely serrated
throughout, the lower ones deflexed, the point narrowed gradually ; teature
subcoriaceous ; veins fine; fertile fr. similar, but the pinne more distant and
narrowly linear ; rachis strong, erect, naked.—Lomaridium, Presi. L. biserrata,
M.éL. Hk. Sp. 8.p.19. Lomaria Fialhoi, Fée.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico to Peru, and South Brazil.

36. L. (Plag.) adnaia, Blume; cawd. short, stout; st. 6-18 in. ]., firm, erect,
naked, dilated at the base; /r. ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. l., 4-6 in. br.; pinne
linear, falcate, the largest 3 in. 1., 2 in. br., the lowest equal to those next in
order, the lower ones narrowed at the base below, $ in. apart, the point narrowed
very gradually and finely toothed ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; veins conspicuous 5
fertile fr. similar, but the pinne more distant and narrowly linear ; rachis
naked, erect.—Hh. Sp. 3. p. 19. ¢. 147.

Hab. Java and Khasia at 1-4,000 ft.—This and the preceding have the central pinne
of the barren frond dilated, but the other three have them narrowed at the base and
distinct from one another, as in species 21-30,

L

87. L. (Plag.) glauca, Blume ; sf. 1 ft. 1., naked, erect ; /v. ovate, 12-24 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br. ; penne contiguous, erecto-patent, linear, 3-5 in. ]., 4 in. or more br.,
narrowed gradually and sharply toothed towards the point, narrowed on both
sides at the base; texture coriaceous; veins fine, subparallel, under surface
glaucous ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinne distant and narrowly linear ; rachis
stout, erect, naked.— H&, Sp. 8. p. 22.

Hab. Java and Khasia at 6,000 ft.; gathered by Drs. Hooker and Thomson.—
Readily distinguishable by the silvery whiteness of the under side of the frond.

34. BLECHNTM, § EUBLECHNUM. 183

38. L. (Plag.) pyenophylla, Kunze; caud. stout, erect, woody; st. stout,
erect, naked, 6-9 in.1.; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 ft. l., 6-9 in. br.; pinne very
numerous, linear, spreading, 4-6 in. L, 3 in. br. contiguous, narrowed on both
sides at the base, the point narrowed very gradually and finely toothed ; tezture
coriaceous ; teins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinne distant and
narrowly linear ; rachis strong, erect, naked.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 21. t. 148.

_Hab. Java, Malayan Peninsula, and N. Hindostan, ascending to 10,000 ft.—The
pinnz of both the barren and fertile fronds are often but not always furnished with a
large gland at the base.

a

39. L. (Plag.) euphicia, Kunze ; caud. stout, woody, elongated; sf. 1 ft. or
more l., naked, erect, triquetrous below ; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in.
br.; pinne 1 in. or more apart at the base, erecto-patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1.,
$- in. br., narrowed at the base on both sides and narrowed very gradually and
toothed towards the point ; texture subcoriaceous; seins prominent ; fertile jr.
similar, but the pinnz more distant and narrowly linear; rachis erect, naked.—
HE. Sp. 3. p. 20. 2nd Cert. t. 89. LL. artieulata, F. Muell. Frag. 5. p. 174.

Hab. Japan and Tsus Sima ; gathered lately by Messrs. Oldham and Wilford, by
Dallachy at the source of the Mackay River, Australia, and N. Hindostan, ascending to
6,000 ft.—Pinnz much less numerous and more distant than in ZL. pycnophylla, and
venation not so fine.

Trize 7. BLecHNEz.

Sori linear or oblong, dorsal, parallel with the midrib and edge of the segments,
not close to the latter. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, superisr, opening towards
the midrib. Guys. 34-37.

Gey. 34. Brzcusum, L. (See page 482.)

Sori linear, continuous, or nearly so, parallel with and usually contiguous to
the midrib. Jnvol. membranaceous, meee from the edge of ‘fg frond. Fronds
uniform or slightly dimorphous, generally pinnate or pinnatifid, in one species
simple and in one bipinnate. Veins usually free. A not large “genus of closely
resembling species, diffused widely throughout Tropical aad South Temperate
regions. Tas. IV. f. 34.

§ Eublechnum. Stem straight, frond not more than simply pinnate. Sp. 1-17.

* Frond usually simple. Sp. 1.

1. B. Lanceola, Swartz; rhizome slender, creeping, stoloniferous ; st. slender,
erect, 2-4 in. j.; fr. lanceolate, undivided, 4-6 in. ]., $4 in. br., narrowed
gradually from the centre in both directions, especially upwards ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib.—f, B. trifoliatum,
Kaulf.; fr. farnished with 1 or 2 pairs of small oblong obtuse lateral pinne at
the base of the large terminal one.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 47. Le. p. 979.

Hab. Tropical America from Panama southward to Brazil and Peru.—The litile-
known B. plantagineum, Preal, is said to be like the type, but with a space between the
line of fructification and midrib.

*% Frond pinnatifid. Sp. 2-6.

2. B. asplenivcides, Swartz; caud. ultimately elongated, clothed at the crown
with small linear scales; st. none or short; fr. linear-lanceolate, narrowed at
both ends, 6-8 in. L, in. br. ; pinne numerous, the central ones spreading,
lanceolate-deltoid, in. L., 3 in. br., the point acute or blunt, all connected at
the base, the lower ones dwindling in size very gradually ; tecture subcoriacectis ,

184 34, BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM.

rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous; sori in a short line close
to the midrib, often on one side only. Zi. Sp. 3. p. 45. B. polypodioides, Kee.
& Met. non Raddi. :

Hab, Tropical América from Panama and N. Granada to Brazil and Peru.—A more
slender and narrower plant than B. wnélaterale, with even the lowest pinnz connected and
much less copious sori.

8. B. unilaterale, Willd. ; caud. elongated, densely clothed at the crown with
listeat palecbiowir scales ; st. slender, erect, 1-4 in. L,, slightly scaly below ; vr. lan-
ceolate, 6-12 in. ]., 14-2 in. br. ; pinne numerous, spreading horizontally, linear,
3-1 in. 1., the central ones 4-2 in. br., the point usually mucronate, the edge
entire or nearly so, the lower part dilated to a broad base, the lower ones
broader, blunter, and short ; teztwre herbaceous, both surfaces and rachis naked
or slightly hairy ; veins inconspicuous; sort in a line close to the midrib.—
B. polypodioides, Raddi. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 45.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico. and the W. Indies southward to Peru and
8. Brazil.—This comes very near the small forms of B. occidentale, and we cannot, from
the description alone, distinguish B. triangulare, Link.

4, B. cartilagineum, Swartz; caud. oblique, densely clothed at the crown with
blackish fibrillose scales ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1, scaly and muricated in the
lower part; jr. ovate-oblong, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br.; pémm@ numerous, erecto-
patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1, 4-4 in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point, the
margin finely toothed, dilated and connected at the base, the lewer ones not con-
spicuously smaller than the others ; tewtwre coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins fine; sori in a broad line close to the midrib.— Hh, Sp. 2. p. 43.

Hab. Temperate Australia. Very like B. nitédum, from which it is best distinguished
by its muricated stipe.

5. B. nitidum, Presl ; st. stout, erect, naked, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate,
1 ft. or more 1, 4-6 in. br. ; pinme@ numerous, erecto-patent, subfalcate, linear,
3-4 in. L, 4-2 in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point, dilated and con-
nected at the base, the edge undulato-dentate, the lower ones linear acute and
not much smaller than the rest; ¢eature coriaceous, both surfaces and rachis
naked ; veins fine ; sort in a continuous line close to the midrib; znvol. con-
spicuous.—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 44. ¢. 55.

Hab. 8. Brazil, Philippines, Marianne Islands, Isle of Gaudaleomar and Mishmee,
N. Hindostan.—Near B. brasiliense, but w smaller plant, terminating abruptly below,
and the involucre more conspicuous, In some of the specimens (var. contractum, Hook.)
the pinnz are contracted and the edge is much undulated.

6. B. brasiliense, Desv.; caud. erect, stout, subarborescent, 1 ft. or more l.,
densely clothed at the crown with dark-brown fibrillose scales; st. short, stout,
densely scaly ; jr. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br., narrowing
downwards very gradually ; pinn@ close, erecto-patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1., $ in. br.,
narrowed gradually towards the point, very finely toothed, connected at the
base, the lower ones short and blunt; feature coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins fine; rachis naked; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib; znvol.
Beale Sp. 8 p. 48°, 157. B. corcovadense, addi. B. validum,

66.

Hab. Brazil and Peru,

34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM. 185

#2 Fronds pinnate. Sp. 7-1i.

7. B. longifolium, H.B. K.; rhizome slender, creeping ; st. firm, erect, nearly
naked, 6-12 in. 1.; fr. with a terminal pinna and 3-6 lateral ones on eacu side,
which are 3-5 in. L, 4 in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point, narrowed
or even slightly stalked and then cordate at the base, the lower ones about 1 in.
apart ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous 5
sori in broad lines close to the midrib. HE. Sp. 3. p. 49. t. 94.—3, B. frazineum,
Willd. ; Aabit more robust ; pinne 6-8 on a side, sometimes 1 in. br.—B. Schli-
mense, Fée.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru.—B. gracile, Kaulf., appears to differ from the type only by its rather more slender
habit, and B. intermedium, Link, is more slender still, and may possibly belong to
species 1. The veins occasionally form costal arches, as is the case also in B. unilaterale
and australe.

8. B. Fendleri, Hk.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 9 in. 1., slender, pale
straw-coloured, slightly villose above ; fr. subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1., 3 in. br., with a
linear terminal pinna and 3-4 pair of spreading subfalcate lateral ones, which are
2-3 in. 1, } in. or rather more br., with an acute point, the lower ones auricled
at the base, quite adnate but not connected with one another ; fezture herba-
ceous ; rachis villose and both surfaces slightly so ; veins fine, forming a series of
costal arches halfway up the pinne ; sori in continuous lines close to the midrib,
with a pale broad membranous slightly villose involucre.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 48.
é. 158.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 116. Brazil, Burchell, 6460.—This has quite the general

habit of the preceding, of which it is not unlikely a form with more slender habit anw
more anastomosing venation.

9. 3. 2 2 evcle, Linn. ; caud. stout, erect, clothed at the crown with lan-
ceolate acuminate scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly below ; fr. ovate-acuminate,
9-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with 12-24 linear pinne on each side, which are 3-6 in. 1.,
33in. br., narrowed gradually to a point, truncate or cordate or even auricled
at the base, the lower ones often 1 in. apart, and the lowest pair deflexed and not
much Jess than the rest ; ¢ezture coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked or
slightly pubescent ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in a broad continuous line close to
the midrib.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 50.

Hab. America, common from Mexico and W. Indies southward to Chili and 8. Brazit
—B. pectinatum, Hk. Ic. Pl. t. 95, is a form with narrow pinne dilated, and most of
them connected, at the base, and ZL. campylotis, Kunze, a form with a distinct acute
auricle at the base of the pinnz on the upper side.

10. B. arcuatum, C. Gay ; caud. stout, suberect, densely clothed at the crown
with lanceolate acuminate dark-brown scales; #. 6-12 in. 1, strong, erect, scaly
at the base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with very numerous
contiguous linear-lanceolate faleate pinne on each side, which are ? in. 1., by
under 3 in. br. below, gradually narrowed upwards, hastately auricled on the
upper side, quite distinct at the base, but sometimes imbricated, gradually
diminishing downwards to mere auricles; fezture rigid and very coriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins immersed ; sori in a continuous line close
to the midrib.— HE. Sp. 3. p. 59. B. acuminatum, Sturm, non Fée.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe.—A more rigid plant than the last, with a narrower frond
narrowing gradually downwards.

11. B. hastatum, Kaulf.; caud. short, stout, scaly ; st. erect, 4-6 in. L, nearly
naked 5 Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., lanceolate, with 20-40 pinne on each side,
the sterile ones 1-1} in. 1., 3-2 in. br., lanceolate, falcate, narrowed gradually to

2a

Py

186 34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM.

a paki the lower side truncate and slightly auricled, the upper side cordate with
a large hastate auricle, the lower ones broader and shorter ; tewtwe coriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked or slightly pubescent ; vets fine, the lateral ones
often twice forked ; fertile pinne narrower; sori midway between the midrit
and edge, in a continuous or interrupted line.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 57.

Hab. Temperate S, America.—M. remotum, Presl, is a small pubescent form, and
Tenitis sagittifera, Bory, a form with pinnatifid pinne. Very near B, australe, but the
sori more interrupted and not so near the midrib.

12. B. australe, Linn.; caud. stout, creeping, scaly; st. erect, 4-6 in. L; 77.
9-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., lanceolate, narrowed towards both ends ; pinne numerous,
spreading, the sterile ones 14 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., linear, narrowed to a sharp
point, hastate-cordate or auricled at the base, especially on the upper side, quite
distinct, the lower ones passing down into mere auricles; teature rigid and
coriaceous; veins hidden; rachis and both surfaces naked; fertile pinne
narrower ; soré in a continuous or slightly interrupted line not quite contiguous
to the midrib, sometimes reaching the edge.— Hh. Sp. 8. p. 57.

Hab. §. Africa, northward to Bourbon, Madagascar, and Natal.—This and the pre-
ceding may be known from all the others by having a space between the sori and
midrib, which characterizes Presl’s genus Mesothema.

13. B. levigatum, Cav.; caud. stout, ascending, clothed at the crown with
large lanceolate pale-brown scales; s¢. erect, 6-9 in. L, pale, naked or scaly
below ; barren fr. oblong-deltoid, 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a large lanceolate.
terminal pinna, and numerous spreading oblong-lanceolate lateral ones on each
side, the largest of which are 8-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., narrowed suddenly to an
acuminate point, the margin slightly serrated, quite distinct and cordate at the
base ; -teature coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, or the former slightly
scaly ; veins inconspicuous and nearly 1 lin. apart; fertile fr. smaller and the
pinne narrower and more distant, the line of sor? contiguous to the midrib,
14-2 lin. br., with a large brown membranous invol.—H&, Sp, 8. p. 56.

Hab. N.S, Wales.

14. B. serrulatum, Rich. ; caud. elongated, stout, ascending ; st.6-12 in.1., strong,
erect, smooth, nearly naked ; /r. oblong-acuminate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with
12-24 pairs of quite distinct articulated linear-oblong pinn@ on each side, the
largest of which are 4-5 in. 1, 3-2 in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point
and downwards to a narrow base, the margin finely incised ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis rigid, naked; veins very fine and close, not conspicuous; fertile pinne
narrower ; sorz in a continuous line close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 54.
B. striatum, Br. Hk. Sp. 8. p. 55. t. 159.

Hab. Florida, W. Indies, Guiana, and Brazil; Australia, New Caledonia, Borneo,
Malacca, and Mishmee,

15. B. orientale, Linn. ; caud. stout, erect, clothed at the crown with fibrillose
dark-brown scales; st. 4-8 in. L, strong, erect, scaly below ; /r. 1-3 ft. 1, 6-12 in.
br., ovate, with very numerous nearly contiguous linear pinne on each side,
which are 4-8 in. 1., g-2in. br., narrowed to a long point, the bases quite distinct,
the upper ones decurrent, a few of the lowest mere auricles; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sachés and both surfaces naked ; veins fine and close; sori in a long
continuous line close to the midrib Hs. Sp. 8. p. 52. F. Ex. t. 77.

Hab. Australia aud Polynesian Islands northward to S. China and the Himalayas.—
Presl places this with species 4, 5, 6, 14, and 17, in his genus Blechnopsis, characterized
by having a cartilaginous border to the pinnz which unites the tips of the veins.

16. B. melanopus, Hk. ; st. erect, 6 in, 1., naked, dark chesnut-brown ; /r.

30. SADLERIA. 1ls7

ovate-lanceolate, 8-9 in. 1., Sin. br, with numerous contiguous linear falcate
pinne on each side, which are 1-13 in. L, }-$ in. br., narrowed gradually
towards the point, the edge entire, the upper ones adnate and dilated at the base,
but those below the centre distinct, the lowest ones growing gradually shorter
and blunter ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; teins forming
large arched areoles; sori in a continuous line near the midrib.—ZEé. Sp. 3.
p. 64.%.161. Blechnidium, Moore.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Bengal, Simons, 78.—Most like some of the forms«f B. occidentale
in habit, with the cuticle of the under side of the frond loose and wrinkled.

lv. B. Finlaysonianum, Wall.; caud. short; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, dark-
brown, polished; jr. 3-4 ft. 1, with a large terminal pinna and numerous
erecto-patent lateral ones on each side, the largest 9-12 in. 1. 1 in. or more br.,
narrowed gradually to a point and below to a narrow base, the margin entire,
the lowest reduced to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins close, IRQUERIE HORS 5 sort in a continuous line close to the midrib.—
HE. Sp. 3. p. 53. & Gr. Ie. t. 235.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.—This is glossy, with the largest pinnz in
the genus, resembling in habit B. oriental, some of the large forms of which come very
near it.

§§ Salpichlena, J..Sm. Stem twining, frond lipinnate. Sp. 18.

18. B. (Salpi.) coli/7, Kaulf.; s#. wide-climbing ; pinn@ in distant opposite
pairs ; pinnl. usually 4-6 on each side, stalked, lmear-lanceolate, 6-12 in. L,
4-2 in. br., with an undulated cartilaginous border ; fezture coriaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked; énrol. broad, membranous, at first wrapped over
the fruit, afterwards breaking up into short pieces.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 63. Gard. F.
#15. S. scandens, Presi.

Hab. Tropical America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Brazil and
Peru.

Gex. 35. SapLeria, Kaulf.

Sort in a continuous line close to the midrib on both sides, placed on an
elevated receptacle. Jnro/. narrow, subcoriaceous, at first wrapped over the
sorus, afterwards spreading. J’eins forming a series of costal arches. Caudez
3-4 fea high, arborescent. Tax. 4. f. 35.

1. S. eatheoides, Kaulf.; st. strong, erect, 6-18 in. L, naked except at the
base, where it is densely clothed with long linear scales; fr. 4-6 ft. 1., 9-18 in.
br.; pinne 8-12 in. L, in. br., cut down to the rachis into very numerous
connected linear pinnl. in. 1, 3 in. br., acute or bluntish ; ¢ezture coriaceous ;
reins immersed and inconspicuous; rachis stout, naked.—H&k. Sp. 3. p. 65.
B. Kaulfussianum, Gaud, Aélas, p. 78.

Hab. Sandwich Islands and Sumatra—A fine plant, which combines the habit of a
small Cyathea with the fructification of a Blechnum. The original S. pallida, H. & A.,
is a mere form with a paler rachis ; but a plant thus named by Mettenius, gathered by
Dr. Hillebrand, is less rigid in texture, with flatter, broader, and blunter pinnules, and
quite conspicuous venation. Probably this is Brackenridge’s pallida, which is said to
have a somewhat paleaceous rachis ; and we have also another plant from Dr. Hillebrand
like the type in texture, but the largest pimnz 21 in. 1., 3 in. br., which agrees with
Gandichaud’s figure of B. Souleytianum.

2. S. squarrosa, Gaud. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., erect, reddish-brown, scaly and asperous ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1, 6 in. br.; pinne in 12-18 pairs on each side, linear-lanceolate,
3-4 in. 1, 7-2 in. bre cut down to the rachis into quite distinct oblong

188 36. WOODWARDIA, § EUWOODWARDIA, §§ ANCIIISTBA.

subfaleate pinnl, 3-3 in. 1, } in. by. ; teeture coriaceous ; veins immersed 5 main
rachis and that of the pinne densely clothed throughout with ovate-acuminate
dark-brown scales—Gaud. Voy. Bonit. Atlas, ¢. 2. Blechnum polystichoides,
Brack. Fil. U.S. Exp. p. 185. ?

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; gathered lately by Dr, Hillebrand._Very different in habit
from No. 1, and the rows of fruit are shorter and not quite close to the inconspicuous
midrib.

Gen. 86. Woopwarpia, Sm.

Sori linear or linear-oblong, sunk in cavities of the frond, placed in single
rows parallel with and contiguous to the midribs of the pinne and pinnules,
Invol. subcoriaceous, the same shape as the sorus, closing over the cavity like a
lid. Veins forming always a series of costal arches, for the rest free or anasto-
mosing. A small genus with fronds usually ample and bipinnatifid, which belts the
world in the North Temperate Zone, extending very slightly within the Tropic.
-Tas. IV. f. 36. 8

§ Euwoodwardia.. Fronds uniform, the veins forming at least one series of
areolations between the sori and the margin. Sp. 1-2.

1 W. fadiaane, Smith ; s¢. strong, erect, naked, scaly at the base; /r. 3-6 ft.
1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinne lanceolate, the lower ones often 1 ft. 1., cut down below

within a short distance of the rachis into finely-toothed lanceolate pinni. 1-14 in.1.,
those of the under side the shortest ; veins anastomosing once outside the line of
fruit ; gemme few and large, placed at the base of the upper pinnee.—A&. Sp. 3.
p. 67.

Hab. Madeira and the Canaries, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Northern India, J ava, California,
Mexico, and Guatemala,

2. W. orientalis, Swartz; st. erect, densely clothed at the base with large
linear-lanceolate scales; /r. 4-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinne lanceolate, sometimes
more than 1 ft.1., cut down below nearly to the rachis into sinuated or pinnatifid
pinnl., sometimes 4 in. 1, those of the under side shorter and none at the base of
the pinne ; veins anastomosing copiously outside the sori, upper surface of the
frond often producing copious gemmiferous buds.—h. Sp. 3. p. 68.

Hab. Japan southward to Formosa.—Probably this ought to be joined with the
preceding.

§§ Anchistea, Presi, Fronds uniform, the veins all free between the sori and
the margin. Sp. 3-4.

3. W. virginica, Smith ; sé. strong, erect, 12-18 in. J.; fr. oblong-lanceolate,
12-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br.; pinne@ linear-lanceolate, 4-6 in. L., ae in. br., cut
down within one lin. or less of the rachis into linear-oblong lobes which are
2-3 lin. br. at the base, the lines of sori which margin the midrib of the pinne
often reaching low down in the lower ones,—Hz&, Sp. 8. p. 69.

Hab. Canada, United States from Vermont to Florida, Bermuda.

4, W. japonica, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly below; fr. broadly ovate,
12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br. ; pinne lanceolate, often 6 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., pinnatifid,
with lobes 4-8 in. br., which reach half or two-thirds of the distance down to the
rachis, the lines of sort which margin the midrib of the pinne confined to the
upper part of the upper ones.—/&. Sp. 3. p. 69.

Hab. China and Japan. United by Dr. Hance with the last.

37. DOODIA. 189

§$§ Lorinseria, Presl. Fronds dimorphous, veins everywhere anastomosing.
Sp. 5-6. c

5. W. areolata, Moore; sterile fr. with a slender st., 9-12 in. 1, 6-8 in. br.,
deltoid-ovate, with numerous oblong-lanceolate sinuated pinne on each side, the
lower ones 8-4 in. ]., }-2 in. br., reaching down to the rachis, which above has a
broad wing; fezture herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile jr. with an
elongated, strong, erect, chesnut-brown, naked stem ; pinne 3-4 in. ]., narrowly
linear, 3-1 in. apart.— AE. Sp. 8.p.70. Gard. F.t.61. W. angustifolia, Sm.

Hab. United States, from Massachusetts to Florida.

6. W. Harlandii, Hk. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., erect, nearly naked ; barren fr. varying

- in shape from linear-lanceolate, undivided, to broadly ovate, with 1 or 2 spreading

linear-lanceolate lobes 3-4 in. 1., 3-$ in. br., reaching down to a broadly-winged

rachis ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile fr. with more numerous

and narrower lobes, the lowest pair often quite free from the others ; sor¢ in

broad lines close to the midrib of the lobes, with short lines branching from these
in an erecto-patent direction.—Hé. Sp. 3. p. 70. Fil. Ex. t. 7.

Hab. Hong-Kong.
Gen. 87. Doopia, &. Br. (See page 482.)

Sori oblong or slightly curved, superficial, placed in one or more rows parallel
with and between the midribs and margins of the pinne. Jnvol. membranous,
the same shape as the sorus. Veins forming one or two series of arches between the
midrib and edge, on which the sori are placed. Fronds 6-18 in. l., pinnate or pin-
natifid. A small genus, confined to the islands from Ceylon eastward to Fiji, New
Zealand, and Australia, Taz. IV. £. 37.

* Pinnatifid. Sp. 1-3.

1. D. aspera, R. Br. ; st. 2-4 in. 1, erect, dark-coloured, asperous ; fr. 6-18 in.
L, 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear penne on each
side, which are 1-2 in. L., 4 in. br., the margin strongly serrated, the base dilated,
the lower ones dwindling down gradually to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous ;
sori oblong, about their own length apart, in one or two rows, the innermost a
short distance from the midrib. Hk. Sp. 3. p.71.

Hab. Temperate Australia.

2. D. blechnoides, Cunning. ; st. 3-4 in. 1, erect, slightly scabrous below ; /r.
15 in. 1., 6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinne on
each side, the largest of which are 3in.1., by rather more than } in. br., the
margin sharply serrated, the base dilated, the upper ones connected, the lower
ones shorter and free, not dwindling down to auricles ; texture coriaceous 5 sort
oblong, in a rather irregular row contiguous to the midrib. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 72.

Hab. N.S. Wales.—Our description is taken from a wild specimen gathered by

Mr. Fraser. The plant cultivated under this name has the pinne reduced very gradually
below, as in the last.

3. D. dives, Kunze; st. 6-12 in. 1., slender, erect, smooth, clothed towards the
base with dark-coloured linear scales; sterdle fr. 1 ft. 1., 3-5 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear-oblong pinn@ on each side, which are
2-3 in. 1., 3 in. br., the point blunt, the margin undulated and serrated, the base
suddenly dilated, and all except the lowest connected ; texture coriaceous ; fertile
Jr» longer, with narrow linear pinne, the central ones 1 in. apart, connected by a

190 38. ASPLENIUM, § THAMNOPTERIS.

broad decurrent wing to the rachis, the two or three lowest pairs free ; soré linear-
oblong, in two irregular rows, nearer the midrib than the edge.—Hz&. Sp. 3. p. T4.

Hab, Ceylon.—Kunze’s original Javan plant has the fertile pine closer.
** Pinnate in lower half. Sp. 4-5.

4. D. media, R. Br.; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, smooth, usually nearly black ; fr.
12-18 in. l., 14-4 in. br., lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinne on
each side, which are 1-2 in. 1, }-2 in. br., acute or bluntish at the point, the
margin toothed, the upper ones dilated and connected at the base, those below the
middle free and cordate or even auricled on the upper side, the lower ones
gradually diminishing ; feature coriaceous or subcoriaceous ; soré short, oblong,
distant, in one or two. rows, with a considerable space between the inner one
and the midrib. Sp. 3. p. 74.—B, D. connexa, Kunze; fr. larger, more:
herbaceous in texture ; pyimnew sometimes 3 in. or more l.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 75.

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand.

5. D. caudata, R. Br. ; st. 4-6 in, 1., slender, smooth ; 7r. 6-12 in.1., 1-2 in. br.,
lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinne on each side, which are often
1 in. or more 1., the sterile ones oblong, blunt, sharply serrated, only the
uppermost connected at the base, the frond often terminated by a long entire
point; textwre subcoriaceous; rachis slender, often pubescent; fertile pinne
narrower and shorter.— HA. Sp. 3. p. 75.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and New Zealand.—“ Very closely allied to
D. media, and probably a variety of it, but more flaccid, the fronds often prostrate,
pinnate nearly to the top, fertile more distinct from the barren and longer.”—
Dr. Hooker, Fl. N. Z. p. 870. A curious form (D. linearis, J. Smith) from New
Caledonia and Australia, has a long narrow linear frond, the upper part undivided, only
the lower third sinuato-pinnatifid, with short roynded lobes, the lowest of which are
distinct.

Tribz 8. ASPLENIES.

Sori attached to the veins, oblique with regard to the costa or occasionally sub-
parallel with it, linear or oblong. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, when single
opening towards the midrib, sometimes double. Gun. 88-40,

Gen. 88. Aspienium, Linn, (See page 482.)

Sori dorsal or submarginal, linear or oblong. Jnvol. similar in shape, straight,
or occasionally curved, single or double, plane or tumid, bursting along the outer
edge. The second in extent of our genera, including plants from all parts of the
world where ferns grow, of every variety in size, texture, and cutting. Veins free
in a large proportion of the species. Kuasplenium is connected with Davallier by
Darea and Loxoscaphe, with Aspidiex through Athyrium, with Pteridese through
Sous and Actiniopteris, and with Grammitides by Ceterach. Taz. IV.

. 38,

. § Thamnopteris, Presi. Veins connected at the apex by a transverse intra-
marginal line. Fronds undivided. Sp. 1-8. Neottopteris, J. Sm.

1, A. (Thamn.) Midus, L.; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 8-8 in. br., lanceolate, acute or
acuminate at the apex, tapering gradually below into a short stem, the edge
entire, the midrib rounded on the back; texture coriaceous; veins fine and
parallel, about 4 lin. apart ; 072 reaching about halfway towards the margin.—
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 77. Bot. Mag. t. 3101.—8, A. museefolium, Mett.; fr. larger,
sometimes 6 ft, 1., 1 ft. br., with sori extending nearly to the edge.—H&, Sp. Fil,

38. ASPLESIUM, §§ FUASPLENIUM. lui

3. p. 78.—y, A. australasicum, Hk.; midrib keeled on the back, often black.—
Hk. F Ex. t. 88.

Hab. Mauritius, Johanna Island, Seychelles, Himalayas, Japan, Bonin, and Chusan,
westward to the Society Islands ; ssuthward to New Caledonia, Queensland, Norfolk
Island, and Lord Howe’s Island. The Himalayan and Malayan A. Phyllitidis, Don,
seems to differ from the type only by its smaller size. The cori in some of the specimens
are quite as close as in any of the above. A. pachyphyllum and taniosum, Kunze, we

have not seen, A plant from Malacca and Java has the veins } in. apart and much
broader sori.

2. A. (Thamn.) Grevillei, Wall.; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 2-3 im. br., lanceolate-
spathulate, narrowed to an acute apex and suddenly below to a broad wing to
the stipe, which grows very gradually narrower downwards, the margin entire ;
texture coriaceous ; midrib keeled below ; teins nearly horizontal, those in the
body of the fr. about 4 lin. apart ; sori on most of them extending within a short
distance of the edge.—HE. Sp. 3. p. 80. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 122.

Hab. Gathered in Tavoy by Dr. Wallich and Mishmee by Helfer.

3. A. (Thamn.) Simonsianum, Hk.; fr. 12-18 in. L, 1-14 in. br., tapering
above into an acuminated point and very gradually below into a short stem, the
margin nearly entire; midrib only rounded and prominent below ; fezture
coriaceous ; veins erecto-patent, about 3 lin. apart ; sori copious, reaching from
the midrib to within a short distance of the edge.—Hk. Sp.3.p.81. Le. Pl.
4, 925.

Hab. Khasia and Unker Hills, Bengal, Simons, 232.—This and the preceding are two
little-known plants, perhaps not really distinct from No. 1.

§§ Euasplenium. Veins free, simple or branched ; sori linear or linear-oblong,
straight, discoidal, Sp. 4-154. Fig. 38. a.

* Fronds quite entire. Sp.4-17. Phyllitis. J. Sm.

4. A. ensiforme, Wall. ; st. tuftel, 1-3 in. L, firm, erect, scaly below; fr.
12-18 in. 1., $-2 in. br., much acuminated towards the point, edge nearly entire,
lower part narrowed into the stem very gradually; tezture coriaceous ; veins
immersed, inconspicuous, erecto-patent, usually once forked ; sori broad, reaching
nearly to both midrib and margin.—HE. Sp. 3.p.90. Hk. & Gr. Ic.t. 71.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.) to Ceylon ; Moulmein.—I cannot separate
A. stenophyllum of Beddome.

5. A. angustum, Swartz; st. tufted, short, firm, greyish, erect; fr. 1-2 ft. 1,
1-1} in. br., linear-lanceolate, the point much acuminated, the margin nearly
entire, or the point a little cerpateds the lower part narrowed very gradually to
the stem from two-thirds of the way down ; tezture subcoriaceous ; veins erecto-
patent, usually simple ; sor? rather distant, reaching from the midrib nearly to
the edge.—_HE. Sp. 3. p. 89. A. loriforme, Hk. Jc. 926.

Hab. Brazil and Guiana.

6. A. concolor, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, greenish, clothed with scales
in the lower part ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., lanceolate, the point acute,
the edge slightly crenato-serrate upwards, the lower part narrowed int»
the stem very gradually; tezture herbaceous; veins usually simple; sori
Ca we narrow, extending from the midrib to the edge. —Hé. Sp. 3. p. 88.
t. 16:

Tfab. Java.

192 38, ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

7. A. sindatum, Beauv.; st. tufted, grooved in front, short, erect ; Jr. lan-
ceolate, 1-2 ft, 1., 1-24 in. by., narrowed to an acuminate apex and very gradually
below, the margin slightly undulated but not toothed ; texture coriaceous ; vers
1 lin. apart, usually simple ; sori narrow, often on every vein, reaching from near
the rachis nearly to the margin.—H&. Sp. 8. p. 82. Fil. Eu. t. 61.

Hab. Guinea Coast southward to Angola.—A. venosum, Hk., does not seem safely
separable.

8. A. Currori, Hk.; st. scarcely any; fr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1, 14 in. br.
narrowed gradually to an acuminate apex, but suddenly at the base, the margin
slightly undulated ; tezture subcoriaceous; veins fine, usually once branched,
about ¢ in. apart; soré not reaching by a space either midrib or margin.—ZZZ,
Sp. 3. p. 82.

Hab. Guinea Coast; gathered by Curror, Barter, and Mann.—Distinguished from
the last by its more distant and usually branched veins and broader sori.

9. A. coriacewm, Baker ; st. tufted, 2-8 in. 1., firm, compressed, winged ; /r.
9-12 in. 1., 14 in. br., much acuminated at the apex, the edge very nearly entire,
narrowed below gradually into the winged stem ; ¢exture very coriaceous ; veins
oblique and curved, branched at the base and again at or above the middle, so
that at the edge the veins that originate from one are 3-$ in, apart ; soré distant,
very oblique, generally 4 in. 1.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, G. Mann.

10. A. squamulatum, Blume ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, strong, erect, scaly below ;
Jr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., narrowed to an acuminate apex and very
gradually below into the stem, the margin entire ; texture very coriaceous ; veins
inconspicuous, 1 lin. apart, usually simple ; sori reaching from near the midrib
to ++ in. of the margin; rachis stout, pale, the lower part furfuraceous.—h.
Sp. 8. p. 82.

+a. Java, Borneo, Philippines.—Habit of 4. Nidus, but the veins falling short of »
the edge.

11, A. scolopendrioides, J. 5m. ; st. short, erect, scaly ; fr. lanceolate, nearly
1 ft. L, 13-1} in. br., narrowed suddenly above to a long caudate apex, very
gradually into the stem below, the margin entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
oblique, usually simple, 1 lin. apart; sori reaching from the midrib to within
Z in. of the margin ; invol. leaving a distinct elevated ridge on the frond when it
separates. —Hk, Sp. 3. p. 84. Jc, Pl. t. 930.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 318.—A fragment from Borneo exhibits the same raised
line where the involucre bursts, but the stem is much longer, Doubtfully distinct from
Sp. 13, with which it corresponds in texture and venation.

12. A. vitteforme, Cav.; rhizome creeping, naked; sf. short, erect, naked ;
fr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1, 13-3 in. br., narrowed to an acute point and very
gradually into the stem below, the margin obscurely toothed ; texture coriaceous ;
veins simple, close, nearly horizontal, the copious sori often reaching from the
midrib nearly to the edge.—A. sundense, Blume. Hk. Sp, 8. p. 85.

Hab. Java, Philippines, Fiji—An authentic example of Brackenridge’s A. amboinense
agrees with this. This belongs to the genus Micropodiwm of Mettenius, which includes
the Aspleniece with the mode of growth of Hupolypodium (Eremobrya, J. Smith).

18. A. fejeense, Brack. ; rhizome wide-climbing ; st. 6 in 1., scaly below; _j¥.
lanceolate, 18-24 in. 1, 15-2 in. br., caudate or acuminate, often proliferous at

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 193

the apex, narrowed below to a subtruncate base, the margin nearly entire;
texture subcoriaceous ; reins oblique, occasionally branched, 4 in. apart; sorz
reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge—HE. Sp. 3. p. 87.

Hab. Fiji, Samoa, and Aneiteum. Differs from the last by its more oblique and more
distant veins and longer and scaly stems. According to Kuhn, this is the amboinensc
of Willdenow.

14. A. simplicifrons, F. Muell.; rhizome scaly; jr. subsessile, narrowed
gradually towards both ends, 12-18 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the edgeentire or very
slightly undulated, the point acuminate ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins almost
horizontal, parallel, simple, or forked, 1 lin. apart; soré not touching by a space
either edge or midrib.—Fragm. 5. p. 74.

Hab. Rockingham Bay, Australia—Dallachy, Hill.

15. A. Grifithianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, short, erect; 7r. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1.,
?-1 in. br., the point acuminate, narrowing below very gradually, the margin
crenato-serrate ; texture subcoriaceous ; teins distant, obscure, usually once
forked ; sori reaching from the midrib two-thirds of the way to the edge.—H.
Sp. 8. p. 87. #. 928.

Hab. Assam and Sikkim, ascending to 4,000 ft—Recognizable at once in the group
by its distinctly crenated margin. A plant from Penang, gathered by Mactier, agrees
with this except that it has a slender stem 6-9 in. 1.

16. A. Gawdieri, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1.; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. I.,
2-1 in. br., the point acute, the upper part slightly crenato-dentate, the base
narrowed rather suddenly to a wing which narrows very gradually into the
stem, sometimes with one or a pair of small oblong blunt lobes at the base ;
terture herbaceous ; veins 4 in. apart, usually once forked about the middle ;
sori small, distant, not reaching either edge or midrib.—&. Sp. 3. p. 88. t. 184.

Hab. Island of Nissobe, near Madagascar, Gautier.—The smallest and most delicate
of the group.

17. A. serratum, Linn. ; st. short, stout, erect ; fr. 14-3 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., acute
at the apex, narrowed below gradually, the margin undulato-dentate or crenate,
especially towards the apex ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; midrib prominent below ; teins
about 3 lin. apart ; sorz often on each, reaching about two-thirds of the distance
to the edge.— HE. Sp. 3.p.81. F. Ez.t.70. ©

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala, southward to Society Islands, Peru, and S. Brazil.
—We include three species of Fée,—his integrum, serratum, and crenulatum.

** Fronds lobed or pinnatifid. Sp. 18-24.

18. A. subhastatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 4-9 in. 1.,
1} in. br. at the base, lanceolate, with two short rounded lobes at the base, the
apex acute, the margin entire, the base rounded suddenly into the petiole ;
fexture coriaceous ; veins immersed, inconspicuous, erecto-patent, distant, once
a twice forked ; soré not reaching either edge or thie hE, Sp.3.p.91. Ie.

7. t. 929.

Hab. Caraccas, and gathered lately in Peru by Dr. Spruce.—Basal lobes not always
obvious. Veins casually anastomosing.

19. A. trilobum, Cav. ; st. tufted, scaly below, 2-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1-14
in. L, 1 in. br., rhomboidal, the apex acute, the base cuneate, entire, the margin
undulato-crenate, or the lower part deeply lobed with broad inciso-crenate
on texture coriaceous ; sori broad and short.—Hzé. Sp. 3. p. 90. 2nd Cent.

~@ 11.

Hab. Chili and S. Brazil.—A. parvulum, Hk. Ic, t. 222, is a small undeveloped form.
2B

194 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

20. A. Hemionitis, Linn.; st. tufted, naked, firm, dark-coloured, 4-8 in. 1.;
jr. 4-6 in. each way, hastate, with a triangular, acute terminal lobe and two
largé cordate, acute lateral ones, again bluntly or acutely lobed at the base, the
basal sinus rounded, 1 in. or more deep, and the lobes on each side imbricated
over one another and the petiole ; teatwre herbaceous ; veins close, usually simple,
with often a narrow line of fruit on each, the longest 13 in. 1.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 91.
A. palmatum, Lam.

Hab. Spain, Portugal, Barbary States, Azores, Canaries, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Islands,

21. A. attenuatum, R. Br.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, more or less scaly -
throughout; jr. linear-tanceolate, sometimes 1 ft. 1, 4-2 in. br., narrowed
upwards very gradually, sometimes proliferous at the point, the margin toothed,
the lower third also lobed; the lowest lobes, which are oblong or roundish,
reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis; texture subcoriaceous; veins
ascending, the midrib beneath hispid like the stem ; soré reaching nearly to the
edge.—Hk&. Sp. 3. p. 92. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 200. Lc. Pl. t. 914,

Hab. Queensland and N. S. Wales.

22, A. variabile, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 4 in. br., lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate or bluntish, narrowed below very
gradually into a short stem, the margin varying from crenate to rather deeply
lobed, especially below ; ¢ezture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins
often 4 in. apart at the base, simple or once forked ; soré falling short of the
margin.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 93. t. 185.

Heb. Fernando Po, Barter, Mann.

23. A. pinnatifidum, Nutt.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, naked, polished, chesnut-
brown ; /r. 8-6 in. 1, 1 in. or more br. at the base, lanceolate-deltoid, with a
long gradually narrowing point which is sinuated only, the lobes below this
4-4 in. deep, the lowest ovate-oblong or subspathulate, 4 in. deep by nearly as
br., sinuated and reaching down nearly to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; lowest
ane: veins of the vinne often twice forked; sor? copious.—H&, Sp. 3. p. 91.

c. t. 927.

Hab. Pennsylvania southward to Alabama.

24, A. aliernans, Wall.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, clothed with linear scales; 77.
6-8 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., lanceolate-oblong, cut down into numerous bluntly-
rounded lobes on each side, which reach very nearly down to the rachis, the

_ lower growing smaller gradually and sometimes distinct ; texture subcoriaceous,
both surfaces an opaque greyish-green ; veins free, subflabellate; sord copious.
—HE. Sp. 3. p. 92. A, Dalhousie, Ah. Ic. ¢. 105.

Hab. N. W. Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft., and gathered also by Schimper in
Abyssinia, —This hag entirely the habit and cutting of A. Ceterach.

*** Fronds once pinnate. Sp. 25-103._

Sp. 25-44,
A. Group of A. viride. Rachis green, slender. Sp. 25-84,

+ Pinne 3-4 in. 1, blunt, in most of the species nearly as broad as long.

25, A. projectum, Kunze ; st. scattered, very slender; fr. 2-8 in. ]., 2 lin. br.,
procumbent, with 12 to 16 pinne on each side, in slightly-stalked pairs, the
largest of which are not more than 1 lin. each way, roundish and ae entire ;
texture membranaceous ; rachis taking root and the apex gemmiferous ; sori 1 to 2
to a pinna, oblique—A&. Sp. 3. p. 148, t. 181, A.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUL. 195

oe Peru ; gathered by by Poeppig.—Habit of Anagallis tenella, but much more
slender.

26. A. viride, Huds.; .st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1, naked, the lower part
chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3 in. br., with 12 to 20 subsessile pinne on each
side, which are between ovate and rhomboidal in general outline, the upper edge
narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower one obliquely truncate, the outer part
deeply crenated ; zerture herbaceous; rachis green, naked ; veins subflabellate ;
soré copious, linear-oblong, oblique.—Hk. Sp. 3. p.144. Brit. F. t. 30.

Hab. Arctic Europe to the Pyrenees, Dalmatia, Sitcha, and the Himalayas
(12,000 ft.) ; N. America, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, New Brunswick.

27. A. Kraussii, Moore ; st. tufted, slender, green, } in. 1.; /. 3-4 in. 1, Zin.
br., linear, with about 12 pairs of sessile pinn@ on each side, which are under
% in. each way, cuneato-flabellate or subrhomboidal in general outline, the
upper and outer edge sharply toothed, the lower straight and entire; tecture
herbaceous ; rachis green ; veins flabellate ; sori linear-oblong, 1-5 to a pinna,
oblique Hé. Sp. 3. p. 147. t. 180. A.

_ Hab. Natal, Krauss, 25.—Very near A. viride, of which it may be a form, but the
pinne are more dimidiate and more sharply toothed.

28. A. fragile, Presl ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, flexuose, green or brownish,
sometimes gemmiferous ; fr. 6-9 in. ]., 3-4 in. br., with 12 to 20 sessile pinn@ on
each side, which are } in. br., nearly as deep, subrhomboidal in outline, the
upper and outer edge toothed, the former narrowed suddenly at the base, the
lower edge entire, nearly straight from the base; zezture herbaceous ; rachis
green, naked ; veins pinnate; sori short oblique.—Hé. Sp. 8. p. 145. Ic. t. 932.

Hab. Along the Andes from Mexico and Peru.—A. rhomboideum, Brack., which
grows also in the Sandwich Islands, has fronds 12-18 in. 1., with pinne not so dimidiate
and often deeply lobed on the upper side near the base. This also comes very near
A, viride in habit and texture.

29. A, Gilhesianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very slender, 1-2 in. L, green; fr. 4-8 in.
1., 4 in. or rather more br., with 10 to 20 distant subsessile pinn@ on each side,
which are $-3 in. br., } in. deep, rhomboidal in general outline, the upper and
outer edge deeply and sharply toothed, the lower truncate in a straight or
decurved line ; ¢ezture thinly herbaceous ; veins fine and copious, subflabellate ;
sors irregular, not reaching the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p.146. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 73.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Bolivia.—This comes very near A. fragile, but is a more
slender plant, with the pinne sharply and irregularly cut.

30. A. vagans, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, firm, naked, pale-green ; /r. 3-4
in. 1., 3-2 in. br., wide-straggling, elongated and rooting at the apex, with 8-12
sessile gunna on each side, which are 7 in. br. by less deep, subrhomboidal in
general outline, the upper and outer edge deeply crenated, the base narrowed
suddenly, the lower edge straight and entire; tezture coriaceous ; rachis stout,
compressed, and slightly winged upwards ; veins immersed ; sori 2-3 to a pinna,
short, linear-oblong, placed near the margin. A. punctatum and Melleri, Ieét.

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Tropical Africa, G. Mann ; Madagascar, Dr. Meller.
—This seems a very distinct species, nearest flabellifoliwm in habit, but very different in
size, texture, and shape of the pinne.

81. A. flabellifolium, Cav.; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., slender, green or chesnut-
brown, flexuose ; fr. procumbent, wide-straggling, elongated, and rooting at the
apex, 6-12 in. 1, #1 in. br., with 10 to 15 sessile flabellate pinnae on each side,
which are 3-4 in. each way, broadly lobed and the lobes sharply toothed, the

196 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

base cut away in a curve on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ; veins flabellate ;
sori oblique, irregular, copious.—Hé&. Sp. 8. p. 146. Ex. Fil. t. 208.

Hab. Temperate Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.

82. A. Quitense, Hk.; st. slightly tufted, slender, green, 1 in. or less 1.; fr.
2-8 in. 1., Zin. br., with 6-12 conspicuously stalked horizontal pinnee on each side,
which are oblong-deltoidal in general outline, but half the lower side cut away,
the rest broadly and bluntly lobed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, compressed
and slightly winged ; veins distant, pinnate ; sori 2-4 to a pinna, principally on
the upper de He, Sp. 8. p. 145. 2nd Cent. t. 20.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 707 ; Spruce, 5834.—Recedes from A. viride by its
more distant, more deeply lobed and distinctly stalked pinnz.

83. A. Sandersoni, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, green, slightly fibrillose ; fr. 6-9
in. 1, }-2 in. br., linear, often gemmiferous at the apex, with 12 to 20 horizontal
dimidiate pinne on each side, which are deeply crenate on the upper edge, and
at the base narrowed suddenly into a winged petiole, the lower one nearly
straight and quite entire; texture herbaceous; rachis green, flaccid ; only the
lowest side vein forked ; sori 1-8, oblong.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 147. ¢. 179.

Hab. Natal, Zambesi Land, and Johanna Island.—Nearest A. quitense, but the pinnz
quite dimidiate and the teeth of the upper side closer and vertical.

34. A. dentatum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., slender, naked, polished, ebeneous
below ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. 1, 1 in. br., with 6 to 8 pairs of stalked subopposite
pinne, which are’} in. br., 2 in. deep, oblong-rhomboidal, the lower side at the
base truncate in a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate ; sterile fr. smaller, on
shorter stalks; texture herbaceous; rachis slender, naked, green; veins sub-
flabellate ; sor¢ copious, in two parallel rows.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 180.

Hab. Florida, Bermuda, West Indies, Mexico, and Guatemala,—Pinne mnch further
apart than in the rest of the group, the lower pair sometimes 1 in. from the others,

B. Group of A. Trichomanes. Rachis wiry, chesnut-brown or blackish.
Sp. 35-44.

35. A. pygmeum, Wk. ; st. tufted, }in. 1, slender, densely clothed with long
horizontal fibrillose scales ; fr. 1-14 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., linear, with a pinnatifid
point and 8 to 4 sessile pimnw on each side, which are § in. each way, oblong,
rhomboidal, between cuneato-fiabellate and dimidiate, the apex deeply crenated ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis scaly like the stem; sort unknown.—Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 147. t. 180. B.

Hab. Madagascar, Dr. Lyall. Lady Barkly has shown clearly that this is only
undeveloped affine.

36. A. Heufferi, Reichardt ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1, wiry, slender,
polished, dark chesnut-brown ; /r. 14-2 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., with 3 or 4 pairs of
opposite distant pinne, the lowest of which is ¢ in. each way, rhomboidal-
cuneate, inciso-dentate, and sometimes deeply lobed, uniformly narrowed on
both sides below to a distinct petiole ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, dark-
coloured and polished like the stem ; veins flabellate ; sord irregular, linear-
oblong.—Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. 1859. p. 95. t. 4.

Hab. Tyrol, Heuffler.—Some of the German botanists have regarded this as a hybrid
of Trichomanes and germanicum, between which it is quite intermediate.

97. A. Trichomanes, L.; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1., naked, glossy, chesnut-
brown, polished ; /7. 6-12 in. 1., $ in, or rather more br., with 15-380 opposite
pairs of sessile horizontal penne, which are ¢-@ in. br., 14-2 lin, deép, the edge

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENTUM. 197

slightly crenate, the two sides unequal, the upper one the broadest, and narrowed
suddenly at the base ; tezture subcoriaceous ; veins pinnate, inconspicuous ; rachis
polished like the stem ; soré linear-oblong, 3-6 on each side of the midrib.—
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 186. Brit. F. t. 29.

Hab. Temperate regions of the Old World, from Britain and the Azores eastward to
Japan and the Himalayas, where it ascends to 6-8,000 ft. ; S. Africa ; South Australia,
Van Diemen’s Land, New Zealand, Sandwich Islands ; N. America, and southward
along the Andes to Peru.—The Madeiran A. anceps, Sol., and 8, American A. castaneum,
Cham. & Schl., seem to be luxuriant forms. The latter has the frond sometimes 18 in.
and the pinne Lin. 1: A densum, Brack., is a reduced alpine form from the Andes.

38. A. arcuatum, Liebm. ; st. tufted, very short, polished, blackish ; /r. arcuate,
6-9 in. 1., 5 in. br., linear, with 20-30 very close-placed horizontal subdimidiate
sessile panne on each side, which are 1 in. or rather less br., $ in. deep, blunt at
the point, the upper side slightly crenate, slightly auricled, and narrowed sud-
denly at the base, lower line entire, nearly straight or decurved in the lower
ones ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis black, and polished like the stem ; veins
pinnate ; sori short, only 1 or 2, parallel with the lower edge of the pinne.—
Hk, Sp. 3. p. 142. t. 189,

Hab. Mexico.—Probably this ought to be joined with A. monanthemum.

39. A. extensum, Fée ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., polished, blackish ; fr. 12-24 in. 1,
2-1 in. br., with 20-40 sessile pinnz on each side, which are 4 in. ]., }-8 in. deep,
blunt and entire, the upper side rather the broadest, and often cordate, whilst the
lower is merely rounded at the base; fezture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous ;
rachis polished like the stem, with 2 hairy lines running up it, sometimes bearing
gemme, and throwing out branches from the axils of the pinne ; sori linear-
oblong, 2 or 3 on each side of the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 8. p. 142.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Peru.—A larger plant than A. Trichomanes, with pinnw
very blunt, sometimes nearly round.

40. A. Peétrarche, D. C.; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1, wiry, nearly black,
densely glandular when young; /7. 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with
6-10 horizontal sessile pinnee on each side, which are } in. 1., rather less br.,
cordate-ovate, the point blunt, the edge sinuated or pinnatifid, the base unequal,
slightly truncate on the lower side ; éeatwre subcoriaceous ; veins obliquely pin-
nate, ebeneous ; rachis and young’ fronds glandular ; soré oblong, very short, 4-6
on each side of the midrib.— Hi. Sp. 3. p. 188. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 152. A. pilosum,
Guss,

Hab. France, Spain, Italy. — Distinguished from A. Trichomanes by its glandulosity
and more deeply-cut pinnae,

41. A. monanthemum, Linn. ; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. ]., #-1 in. br., with 20-40 horizontal sessile subdi-
midiate pinne on each side, which are in. 1., } in. deep, the upper side crenate,
suddenly narrowed at the base, often distinctly auricled, the lower more or less
distinctly cut away in a straight or, in the lower pinne, decurved line ; tezture
subcoriaceous ; vezns flabellate ; sorz linear-oblong, usually 1 or 2, parallel with
the lower edge of the pinne.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 140.

Hab. Madeira, Azores, Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Sandwich Islands and Mexico along
the Andes to Chili—A larger plant than A. Trichomanes, with the sori typically one or

two to a pinna ; but in some of the forms,—for instance, A. Galeottii, Fée, and A. Men-
ziestt, Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 100,—more numerous.

42. A. normale, Don ; st. 4-6 in. 1. tufted, wiry, blackish, polished ; fr. 8-12

198 | 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

in. 1], 1} in. br., with very numerous close-placed pinne, the lower ones, which
are 2 in. 1, in. br., deflexed, the point obtuse, the edge inciso-crenate, the
upper side auricled and narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower truncate in a
straight line ; tezture subcoriaceous ; rachts glossy, nearly black; veins mostly
once forked ; soré in 2 unequal parallel rows.—A. multijugum, Wall, Hk. Sp.
3. p. 139. t. 188. *

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon.—A. opacum, Kunze, is a large form, with herbaceous pinne
lin. 1, Very doubtfully distinct from A. monanthemum, but constantly plurisorous.

43. A. subavenium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-8 in. 1., wiry, blackish, densely fibrillose ;
fr. 9-12 in. 1., 1$ in. br., with very numerous close-placed horizontal pinnw on
each side, which are #-1 in. L, 33 in. br., blunt at the point, the edge slightly
inciso-crenate, the upper side distinctly auricled, and narrowed suddenly at the
base, the lower narrower below, but nearly equal upwards ; texture coriaceous ;
veins faint, and a distinct midrib only in the lower part of the pinnew ; rachis
densely fibrillose, especially below ; sori 2-4 on each side, oblique.—Hh. Sp. 3.
p. 148. t, 181. B.

Hab. Penang, Mactier.—Bojer's Madagascar specimen, figured in ‘Species Filicum,”
seems to be an example of this, which differs from the rest of the group by its densely
fibrillose rachis, and is not unlikely A. setosum, Desv.

44, A. ebeneum, Ait. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown, polished, nearly
naked ; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with 20-40 sessile horizontal
or subfalcate pinne on each side, which are 1 in. or more l., $ in. or rather more
br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge inciso-serrate, but sometimes very
faintly so, the base hastately auricled on one or both sides, often cordate ; texture
herbaceous ; veins fine and close, once or twice forked ; rachis chesnut-brown
and bright polished ; sod often 10-12 on each side, oblong, short.—Hkh. Sp. 3.

p. 138.

Hab. Canada to the West Indies, and Ecuador ; Cape Colony.—A. ebenoides, Scott, of
which a single root was found on the banks of the Schuykill above Philadelphia, looks
most like this; but the pinne are not cut down to the rachis, and the frond has an
elongated point which is only sinuated with a single row of sori on each side. Probably,
as suggested by Professor Eaton, this is A. Hendersoni of Houlston, figured by Lowe,
vol. 5, t. 12. This species recedes from the Trichomanes group towards A. formosum.

tt Pinna 1 or 2, linear-cuneate. Sp. 45-46. Acropteris, Link,

_ 45. A. septentrionale, Moffm.; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, erect,
naked, ebeneous towards the base; 77. simple or cleft from the apex into two
or three cuneate divisions, 1-14 in, 1, 1 lin. br., with a few sharp lateral and
terminal teeth ; éeature coriaceous ; veins forked, subparallel ; soré elongated,
cope often at last hiding the whole under surface.—Hé&. Sp. 3. p.174. Brit.

& 26. ‘

a

Hab. Norway and Britain, to Spain, Italy, Siberia, and the Himalayas, Rocky Moun-
tains and New Mexico.—This and the following connect Asplenium with Actiniopteris,

46, A. Seclosit, Leybold; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. L, slender, wiry, green, ebe-
neous below ; fr. 4-3 in. 1., palmately cleft, usually into 3 nearly equal forks,
which are about 1 lin. br., the edge slightly inciso-serrate ; texture coriaceous 3
upper surface pale-green, hairy ; veins obscure ; soré copious, when mature occu~
pying the whole surface.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 175. 2nd Cent. t. 82.

Hab. Tyrol and Carinthia.

38. ASPLENTUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 199

+t Pinne numerous, linear or linear-oblong, usually ample, acute or acuminate,
Sp. 47-103.

A. Group of A. salicifolium. Pinne equal or nearly so on both sides at the base.
Sp. 47-60.

47. A. angustifolium, Mich. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., erect, brownish, slightly
scaly below ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, flaccid, with 20-30
subsessile horizontal pinn@ on each side, the sterile ones the largest, 3-4 in. 1.,
4 in. br., acuminate at the point, the edge obscurely crenate, the base rounded
and equal on both sides ; fertile pinne narrower and more distant ; tezture thinly
herbaceous ; veins sometimes twice forked ; sor very close and regular, extending
from the midrib nearly to the edge.—HE&. Sp. 3. p. 115.

Hab. Canada, southward to the Southern United States.—A very distinct species,

48. A. multilineatum, Hk.; st. 6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, greyish-green ; /r.
12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with a long linear-lanceolate terminal
pinna and 9-18 lateral ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., $-2 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge faintly toothed, but the point more deeply, the base
cuneato-truncate with a short petiole ; fezture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis naked ; veins mostly simple, with sori on each reaching from the midrib
to the edge.— HE. Sp. 3. p. 102. t. 183. A. distans, Brack. A. remotum, Moore.

Hab. Samoa and Fiji—Characterized by its simple veins, which branch from the
midrib at an angle of from 70 to 80, and close regular rows of sori. Mr. Powell has
found it with bipinnatifid sterile fronds.

49. A. longissimum, Blume ; st. tufted, 3-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, nearly
naked ; jr. 2-3 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate elongate, proliferous and rooting at
the apex, with very numerous horizontal pinne@ on each side, which are 2-3 in. l.,
+ in. br., the point acuminated, the two sides nearly equal, with a distinct
central midrib, the edge slightly toothed, the base on both sides often auricled ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis dark-coloured, strong, slightly villose ; veins forked,
oblique ; sor? numerous, in 2 regular rows on each side the midrib and reaching
nearly to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 149. ¢. 190.

Hab. Java, Borneo, Malacca, Mauritius.

50. A. Wightianum, Wall. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. L, greenish, naked ; fr. 12-18
in. L, 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 6-9 pinn@ on each side, which are dis-
tinctly stalked, and the lowest 2 in. apart, 5-6 in. ]., $-? in. br., the point acumi-
nated, the edge irregularly crenate, the base gradually truncato-cuneate, equal
on both sides ; zezture coriaceous ; colour pale-green ; veins inconspicuous, distant,
often forked ; sori distant, falling short of the edge.—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 105. t. 167.
A. longipes, Fée, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 106.

Hab. Madras and Ceylon, A Dareoid form is figured by Beddome.

51. A. sumatranum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked 5 /r. 18 in. 1,
6 in. br., with a long narrow linear terminal pinna and 6 erecto-patent ones on
each side, which are 6 in. 1., Zin. br., the point acuminate, the lower part ob-
scurely undulated, the upper part crenate, the base equally truncato-cuneate
on both sides, decurrent so as to form a distinctly-marked wing to the rachis in
the upper part ; ¢ezture very coriaceous ; veins very oblique, usually once forked ;
soré long, reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge—Hé&. Sp. 3. p. 110.
z. 168.

Hab. Sumatra, Teschemacher.
52. A. salignum, Blume ; st. 4-6 in. |., slender, naked ; j7. 6 in. L., about 6 in.

“200 38. ASPLENIUM, {§ EUASPLENIUM,

br., ovate in general outline, with a long, linear, terminal pinna and 2-3 opposite
pairs, which are 8-4 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., with an acuminate point, the margin
faintly crenated, the base cordate, the nodes thickened ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and both: surfaces naked ; veins distant, obscure ; soré falling short of the
margin. —H&. Sp. 3. p. 95.t.165. A. diversifolium, Blume.

Hab. Java.—This and the two preceding agree in texture, but may be recognized by
the base of the pinna.

53. A. alatum, H. B. K. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., rather slender, naked, the upper part
winged, and the rachis furnished throughout with a distinct wing; fr. 1-1}
ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., with 12-20 horizontal sessile inne on each side, which are 1-14
in. 1., 4-2 in. br., bluntish at the point, the edge uniformly inciso-crenate, the
base nearly equal on both sides, but the upper one slightly more dilated ; texture
herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; soré distant, not reaching either the
midrib or edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 121.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru and §. Brazil.

54, A. Vieillardii, Mett. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, firm, erect, nearly naked ; fr. 6-9
in. L., 6 in. br., with a large linear-lanceolate terminal pinna, lengthened out at
the point and deeply serrated, and 3-4 pairs of erecto-patent similar lateral ones,
which are 4 in. ]., upwards of } in. br., equally truncato-cuneate, and the lower
ones slightly stalked at the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, grey, naked ;
veins oblique, once or twice forked ; sor? distant, falling short of both edge and
margin.—Mett. Annales, 4 ser. v. 15. p. 72. A. schizodon, Moore,

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1645-6.

55. A. salicifolium, Linn. ; st. tufted, strong, naked, erect, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18
in. L., 6-9 in. br., oblong, with a terminal pinna and 4-10 distinctly stalked often
horizontal ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1, #1 in. or more br., the point
acuminate, the edge nearly entire or occasionally lobed below, the base equally
truncato-cuneate on both sides ; texture herbaceous ; veins erecto-patent, rather
close, once or twice forked ; soré falling short both of the edge and midrib.—
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 112.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Rio Janeiro and Peru.—According to
Mettenius, A. juglandifolium, Lam. (A. integerrimum, Spr.), is a distinct species, allied
to this, with entire pinne ; and A. neogranatense, Fée, a form of the same with few pinnae,
the terminal one elongated.

56. A. longicauda, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, brownish, nearly naked ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a large oblong-acuminate terminal pinna 6-8
in. ]., 1-1} in. br., which is often elongated and proliferous ; lateral pinne 3-9
on each side, similar in shape to the terminal one, but usually smaller, the
margin obscurely undulated, the base nearly equal, and the lower ones slightly
stalked ; teatwre herbaceous ; colowr deep-green ; veins 4 in. apart, simple or
forked ; sor broad and distant, not reaching either the edge or midrib Hk,
2nd Cent. F. t. 69.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po.—In one of Dr. Curror’s specimens the
terminal pinna is a foot long, considerably sinuated upwards, and gemmiferous at the
apex ; the lateral pinne are also often proliferous at the point.

57. A. emarginatum, Beauv. ; st. 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, brownish, nearly naked ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., with a large lanceolate-oblong terminal pinna 6-8
in. 1, I-14 in. br., and 3-6 pairs of distant slightly-stalked lateral ones, the
lowest of which are rather smaller than the terminal one, the apex of each

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 201

emarginate, with a small bud in the open sinus, the edge slightly crenate, the
base equal on both sides, rounded into a short stalk ; fexture thinly herba-
ceous ; colour bright-green ; veins usually forked ; soré irregular, close, reaching
from the midrib nearly to the edge.—Hk&. 2nd Cent. F. t. 80.

Hab. Guinea coast and Angola.

58. A. virens, Presl; st. 6-12 in. 1, rather slender, greyish, naked ; jr. 9-12
in. ]., 6-8 in. br., ovate, with a terminal pinna and 3-5 lateral ones on each side,
which are $-1} in. apart at the base, the lowest only distinctly stalked, 3-4
in. 1, 3-1 in. br., the point acuminate, the margin deeply crenato-dentate, the
base truncato-cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis green,
subflaccid, naked ; veins distant ;. sori reaching from the midrib to the edge.—
Aik. Sp. 8. p. 101.

Hab. Gorgona Island and Guyaquil, West Tropical America. -— Closely allied to
A. salicifolium and oligophyllum.

59. A. vulcanicum, Blume ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ; fr. 1-2
ft. L., 4-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with a linear-terminal pemna, or gemmiferous
at the apex, and 6-12 lateral ones on each side, the lower ones distinctly
stalked, 4-6 in. 1, #-1 in. br., the point acuminated, the edge slightly crenato-
dentate, the base truncato-cuneate into a petiole sometimes 4 in. |. ; rachis
naked ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; veins simple or forked ; sori very
regular and parallel, falling short of the edge ; invol. broad, pale.— Hk. Sp. 8
p. 102. A. heterodon, Mett., Hk. Sp. 8. p. 107.

Hab. Malay Islands.—The Ceylonese 4. Walkere, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 108. t. 163, does not
seem to be safely separable; and Mr. Thwaites says that this last and A. Wightianum
pass into one another gradually. A. heterodon, Blume, is said to differ by its stouter
habit, broader pinnz, and fewer sori.

60. A. oligophylium, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br., oblong, with a large terminal pinna and 3-8 erecto-
patent lateral ones on each side, which are 6-8 in. |, 1-1} in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge obscurely sinuated, the base nearly equal, narrowed or
rounded on both sides into a short winged petiole, the upper ones decurrent on
the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; veins faint, distant, usually once forked ; soré
not reaching the edge by a considerable space.—H&. Sp. 8. p. 107.

Hab. Columbia and Brazil,

B. Pinne narrowed suddenly at the base on the upper side, the inner edge
nearly parallel with the main rachis, the lower side obliquely truncate.—
Sp. 61-98.

a. Group of A. erectum. Texture of the frond herbaceous, the colour dark-green,
the veins clearly visible. Sp. 61-75.

61. A. tenerum, Forst.; st. tufted, firm, erect, greyish, naked, 4-6 in. 1.;
fr. 8-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. oblong-lanceolate, with 10-20 stalked horizontal
pinne on each side, which are 1-14 in. 1., 2-2 in. br, bluntly rounded at
the point, the edge deeply toothed throughout, the two sides unequal, the
upper one narrowed almost at a right angle, sometimes slightly auricled,
the lower one very obliquely truncate, lower pinnx deflexed ; ¢exture herba-
ceous; vachis compressed ; veins usually simple; sori numerous, regular,
pa us reaching either edge or midrib—ZZé. Sp. 8, p.117. A. elongatum,
Sw. Hk. tl. ¢.

Hab, Ceylon, Malaya, Polynesia.— 4. Doreyi, Kze., seems to be a form of this with
ae

pe

202 38, ASPLFNIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM,

pion more narrowly pointed. This and the two next are distinguished from the reat
of the group by their very close and regular sori,

62. A. lineatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, more or less scaly ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 4-6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 20-80 pinne on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1., about $ in. br., acuminate at the point, dentate throughout, all
sessile or nearly so, the base cuneate, but the lower side narrower and
more cut away than the upper; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis brownish-grey, and slightly paleaceous ; veins close, often forked ; soré
very regular, reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 8. p. 104.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—A very puzzlivg plant, from the fact that it runs gra-
dually into forms with the pinne again pinnate, which have either small narrow linear-
cuneate pinnules (Darew inequalis, Willd., and D. bifida, Kaulf.), or even these lgtter
again deeply bifid or pinnatifid (D. bifida and violascens, Bory).

63. A. prionurus, J.Sm. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly scaly below ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., oblong, with 9-18 pemnw on each side, which are“4-6
in. 1., rather over } in. br., very much acuminated at the point, deeply and
regularly toothed throughout, the base rather unequal, more truncato-cuneate
on the lower side, with a short distinct petiole on the lower ones ; texture her-
baceous ; veins usually simple, with sor? on each reaching nearly to the edge.
—Hk. Sp. 8. p. 1038. 7

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 197.—Probably this should be united with A. lineatum.

64. A. lunulatum, Sw.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, firm, nearly naked, grey or
ebeneous ; /7. 6-18 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., narrowly lanceolate-oblong, with 12-20
horizontal pinne on each side, which are 1-13 in. 1, 4-4 in. br., bluntish or
acute at the point, more or less deeply inciso-crenate throughout, the two sides
unequal, the upper one at the base narrowed suddenly at about a right angle,
the lower one obliquely truncate ; lower pinne often deflexed ; ¢evtwre herbaceous;
rachis firm, greyish ; veins simple or once forked ; soré falling short of both edge
and midril.—A. erectum, Bory. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 127.

Hab. Universally distributed throughout the Tropics; America, from Cuba to Rio
Janeiro and Juan Fernandez ; Sandwich Islands, Indian and Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon,
Cape Colony, Tristan d’Acunha northward to Bourbon, St. Helena, Ascension, and the
Guinea coast.—A. harpeodes, Kunze, Hk. Sp. Fil. t. 178, is a large form with acuminate
pinne ; A. Fernandesianum, Kunze, a form from Juan Fernandez, with a more rigid
rachis and subcoriaceous pinne ; A. tenellum, Roxb. (A. reclinatum, Houlst., Hk. Fil.
Exot. t. 72), a form with wide-spreading, dark-green fronds copiously proliferous at the
apex ; A. Barteri, Hk. 2nd Cent, t. 75, a slender flaccid plant, also proliferous ; A. pter-
opus, Kaulf., and A. camptorachis, Kze., forms with the rachis compressed and slightly
winged ; and the pinne are sometimes more or less distinctly pinnatifid, as in the
8, African A. lobatum and A. gracile of Pappe and Rawson, and the Polynesian A. Ma-
crei, Hk. & Gr. t. 217. Kunze and Mettenius consider this to be the A. lunulatwm of
Swartz, which is an older name than erectum,

65. A. persicifolium, J. Sm.; st. and rachis grey, with a few scattered minute
grey scales ; 77. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 ft. 1., often gemmiparous at apex 3 péinne
- distant, ascending, 15-30-jugate, subpetiolate, 4-5 in. 1., linear-ligulate-acuminate,
4-} in. br., distinctly inciso-crenate throughout, more cuneate on the lower than
the upper side at the base, the lowest not reduced ; texture thin but firm ; surfaces
dark-green, naked ; vetns erecto-patent, fine, forked, not close; soré regular,
parailel, 3-4 lin, 1, reaching nearly to midrib and edge—H&, Sp. 8. p. 109,
ex parte,

Hab. Philippine and Sandwich Isles.

66. A. obtusifolium, L.; st. almost tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, dark-green.

38, ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIOM. 203

naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1. 4-6 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinne on
each side, which are 2-8 in. 1., }-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge slightly
undulato-crenate, the upper side with a distinct auricle at the base, and then
narrowed suddenly, the lower side obliquely truncate ; ¢eztere thinly nerbaceous ;
colour deep-green ; rachis naked, green, compressed, flaccid ; veins fine, distant,
usually once forked ; soré distant, in 2 regular rows, falling short of the edge.
—A. riparium, Liebm. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 119. t. 169,

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico‘and the West Indies to S. Brazil.—A. obtusi-
folium, L., appears to be founded on « dwarfed form of this, with blunt and somewhat
Jaciniated pinne.

67. A. fuliginosum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, densely clothed with blackish
fibrillose scales ; fv. 6-12 in. L., 2-8 in. br., with 12-24 broadly-adnate horizontal
subfaleate pinn@ on each side, which are 1-14 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the point acute,
the edge slightly toothed, the base a little narrowed on both sides in the lower
ones, which are gradually reduced in size downwards ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; colour nearly black when dry ; rachis densely fibrillose throughout ;
veins usually once forked ; sori in 2 regular rows near the point of the pinne.
—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 120. 2nd Cent. F. t. 3.

. Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Mr. Low.—A very well-marked plant.

68. A. borneense, Hk. ; st. 8-4 in. L, stout, greyish, arcuate, fibrillose ; /*.
3 ft. 1., 23 in. br., with very numerous sessile pinnw, the lower ones growing
smaller very gradually, the central ones 1} in. 1, } in. deep, the point bluntly
rounded, the upper edge inciso-lobate, auricled inwards, and narrowed suddenly
at the base, the rest and the outer part of the lower edge, which is very
obliquely truncated at. the base, distantly toothed ; teature herbaceous ; raches
firm, nearly naked ; veins subflabellate in the outer half of the pinne 5 soré
few, almost in parallel rows.—Hz&. Sp. 8. p. 185. ¢. 186.

Hab. Borneo, H. Low, Jr.—This comes near A. cultrifoliwm, but is a stronger plant,
with blunter and more unequal-sided pinnez dwindling downwards very gradually.

69. A. abscissum, Willd. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., erect, greyish, naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 3-4 in. br., sometimes proliferous at the apex, with 12-20 sessile horizontal
pinne on each side, which are 14-2 in. 1., $- in. br., the point bluntish, the edge
inciso-crenate, the upper one narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower one
obliquely truncate ; texture herbaceous; rachis firm, naked, slightly winged ;
veins distant, once forked ; soré short, in 2 regular rows, falling short of both
midrib and edge.—A. firmum, Kunze. Hk, Sp. 3. p. 134. t. 174.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and §, Brazil.—Very
doubtfully distinct from A. cultrifoliwm, from which it differs mainly by its shorter and
blunter pinnz.

70. A. cultrifolium, Linn. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, greyish, firm ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
4-6 in. by., deltoid-ovate, with a lobed terminal point and 6-10 pinne on each
side, which are 3-4 in. 1, $-Zin. br., the point acute, the edge broadly toothed,
sometimes lobed below nearly or quite to the rachis, the base nearly at a right
angle on. the upper, but obliquely truncate on the lower side; texture herba~
ceous ; veins fine, distant, usually once forked ; soré falling short both of the
edge and midrib.—H&, Sp. 3. p.110. Diplazium, Kunze.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala southward to Guyaquil.—The diplazioid character
of the sori is sometimes clearly marked. :

71. A. auriculatum, Swartz; st. tufted, 4-8 in. L, firm, erect, nearly naked ;
jr. 124 : Ly 4-6 in, br., lanceolate-oblong, with 10-20 stalked horizontal
pinne on each side, which are 2-4 in. ]., 3-1 in. br., lanceolate, often subfal-

~

204 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

cate, the edge deeply .crenate, the two sides unequal, the upper one with 9
cordate auricle, the lower one obliquely truncate ; testure herbaceous ; lower
veins twice forked, oblique ; sori distant, not reaching either the midrib or edge.
—Hk, Sp. 3. p.118.t.171. A. falx, Desv.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru.—This also comes very near A. cultrifolium in habit and texture. The best cha
racter is the distinctly cordate base of the upper half of the pinna.

72. A. Prionitis, Kunze ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, strong, erect, greyish ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 8-12 stalked pinne on each side, which are 4-6 in, l.,
1-1} in. br., the point acute or acuminate, the edge sharply toothed throughout,
the upper side narrowed suddenly, and the lower obliquely truncate at the
base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis strong, erect, naked ; veims usually once
forked ; sord copious, linear, reaching nearly to the edge-—H&. Sp. 3, p. 102.

Hab. Natal.—A stronger plant: than species 68 to 71, with larger pinnaz,

73. A. anisophyllum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 10-16 subsessile almost horizontal
pinne on each side, which are 3-5 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., acuminated at the point,
crenate or crenato-dentate, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed sud-
denly but not auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the base ; texture
herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori distant, elliptical, not reaching more
than halfway from the edge to the margin.— HH, Sp. 3. p. 111.2. 166. A. campto-
carpon and stenocarpon, Fée.

Hab, Cape Colony, northward to Bourbon, Zambesi Land, and the Cameroon Moun-
tains ; Galapagos Isles, Brazil, and Cuba.—Allied to species 68 to 72, and best recog-
nized by its short regular sori, with large tumid involucres. A. sanguinolentum Kze.,
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 114, is the American form of this species. The original plant of Kunze
has nearly entire pinne. The Natal A. Boltoni, Hk. MSS. (figured Sp. Fil, t. 166), has
them uniformly rather deeply inciso-crenate.

74. A. Wrightii, Eaton ; st. 1 ft. 1, tufted, stout, scaly below; fr. 18-24 in. L,
6-9 in. br., ovate-oblong, the upper half of the rachis with a narrow wing, 12-20
pinne on each side, the lower ones 4-6 in. L, #1 in. br., lanceolate, subfalcate,
the point acuminate, the upper part sharply and distantly toothed, the lower
also cut down into roundish-spathulate lobes, which reach down nearly to the
rachis, the base unequal, the lower side only obliquely truncate ; texture herba-
ceous ; veins dichotomously forked in each lobe ; soré few, not reaching either
midrib or edge.—Hé&. Sp. 3. p. 114. ¢. 183.

Hab. Japan ; gathered by Wright, and lately by Oldham.

b. Texture of the frond coriaceous or subcoriaceous, colour pale-green, veins com~
paratively obscure. Sp. 75-98.

b*, Group of A. marinum. Sori nearly equal, in two regular pinnate rows on
the two sides of the distinct midrib. Sp. 75-89.

75. A. rhizophorum, Linn. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, 4-8 in. 1., naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1, 4-6 in. br., elongated, and taking root at the apex ;
pinne 12-80 on each side, the lower ones spreading horizontally, subsessile, 13-2
in. 1, about 3 in. br.,- inciso-dentate throughout, the two:sides unequal, the
upper one auricled, and narrowed at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely
cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sor not reaching either
the edge or midrib.— Hh. Sp. 8. p. 122. t. 187. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and W. Indies southward to Peru, and gathered
also by Milne in the Solomon’s Islands, 8. Pacific.—This is exceedingly variable in
cutting, and may be best recognized by its elongated proliferous rachis. We have

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 205

described the form with simple pinne. A. cyrtopteron and flabellatum of Kunze have
them deeply lobed and pinnatifid, especially in the lower half, whilst the plant called
rhizophorum by Swartz is fully bipinnate, and A. rachirhizon, Raddi, and A. amabile,
Liebm., have distinctly separated oblong-rhomboidal pinnules again deeply cut into
narrow segments,

76. A. anisodontum, Pres] ; st. tufted, firm, erect, grey, naked or slightly
fibrillose ; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous horizontal or subfalcate
sessile inne on each side, which are 2-8 in. 1, 4 in. br., the point acuminate,
the edge inciso-crenate, the base on the upper side auricled and narrowed rather
obliquely, on the lower side obliquely truncate ; ¢exiwre subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, erect ; vezrs oblique, mostly once branched ; soré parallel, in 2 regular rows,
reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 153.

Hab. Java and Philippines.

77. A. contiguum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1, firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., with 20-80 horizontal subfalcate pinne on
each side, which are acuminated at the apex, the edge more or less sometimes
deeply inciso-serrated and slightly lobed, the base narrowed suddenly, and some-
times auricled on the upper, obliquely truncate in a curve on the lower side;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked or slightly villose, chesnut-coloured ;
veins oblique, obscure ; soré close, copious, falling considerably short of the
margin.—A&. Sp. 3. p. 156. t. 194,

Hab, Sandwich Islands, Philippines, Neilgherries.—The alliance of this and the pre-
ceding is with A. falcatum, but the fronds are narrower, and the sori more uniform,

78. A. hirtum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, brownish, deciduously
fibrillose ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with very numerous horizontal pinnae on
each side, which are 2-8 in. |., +2 in. br., the point acuminated, the edge broadly
not deeply toothed, the base on the upper side conspicuously auricled, on the
lower side rather suddenly but obliquely narrowed ; teature coriaceous ; rachis
dark-coloured, strong, more or less fibrillose ; vezms oblique, inconspicuous ; soré
in 2 regular rows, which fall considerably short of the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 149.
t. 191.

Hab. Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Hong-Kong,
the Philippines, Ladrones and Solomon Islands.—This has the simple veins and regular
sori of A. lineatum and longissi: , but the pinne are unequal-sided. A. indwratum,
Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 61, from Fiji, seems to be only a small form of this with blunter
pinne. “A. pellucidum, Lam., is apparently this species ; and if so, that name (a very
inappropriate one) is the oldest.

79. A. hastatum, Klotzsch ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, scaly
below ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br.; oblong-lanceolate, with 8-12 horizontal
subsessile pinnw on each side, which are 14-2 in. 1, about 3 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge. deeply crenato-dentate throughout, the two sides
unequal, the upper one narrowed at nearly a right angle, the lower one very
oblique ; feature subcoriaceous ; rachis compressed ; veins obscure, very
oblique ; sori distant, falling short of both edge and midrib.—Hs. Sp. 3.
p- 116. #. 172.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.—A. fragrans, Hk, Ic. t. 88, is a small Andine form with
a winged rachis. Thisis very near A. firmim and auriculatwm, but is thicker in texture.

80. A. enatum, Brack.; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; 7/7. about
1 ft. 1, 4-5 in. br., with 9-15 pinnw on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1, 4-2
in. br., the point acute, the upper part bluntly crenated, the two sides very
unequal, the upper rounded or narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower

206 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

obliquely truncate ; tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, compressed and winged
above ; central vets once forked ; sord in 2 regular rows, falling short of the
edge.— Hk. Sp. 8. p. 106.

Hab, Sandwich Islands.—Very near A. compressum, but less robust.

81. A. compressum, Swartz ; st. tufted, stout, erect, 6-8 in. 1., clothed with
scales in the lower part; /r. 2-8 ft..L, 8-12 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, with 10-20
sessile pinne on each side, which are 6-8 in. ]., 1 in. or more br., acute or
bluntish at the point, the edge slightly crenato-dentate, the upper ones decur-
rent at the base upon the stout fleshy compressed rachis, the upper side narrowed
suddenly at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely truncate ; texture her-
baceous ; veins distant, often twice forked ; sorz broad, distant, not reaching.
either the midrib or edge.—Hzd. Sp. 8. p.121. Fil. Exot. t. 76.

Hab. St. Helena.—Pinne often proliferous from the upper surface (4. facundum,
Kunze).

82. A. vomeriforme, Hk. ; sé. 1 ft. 1., naked, firm, erect ; fv. 18 in. 1., 6 in. br.,
lanceolate, with about a dozen stalked horizontal pinne on each side, which
are 3 in. 1,, lin. br., acute at the point, the edge nearly entire, the base cordate
on the upper, slightly truncate or rounded on the lower side ; texture subcori-
aceous ; veins immersed, inconspituous, oblique, often twice forked ; sord long,
but falling considerably short of the edge.—ZZé. Sp. 3. p. 109. t. 162.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1851.—The alliance of this is with the two preceding, but the
pinne are cordate on the upper, rounded on the lower side at the base,

83. A. macrosorum, Bert. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, scaly at the base, naked and
polished and nearly black upwards ; /r. 6-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., cordate-acuminate,
with a large terminal pinna, which is 4-6 in. l., 1-1} in. br., deeply crenate and
cuneate at the base, and 2 or 8 pairs of similar lateral ones, which are slightly
stalked, and the lowest subdeltoid ; tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis and midrib
dark-coloured and polished like the stem ; veins distant ; sori broad, not reaching
either the midrib or the edge.— HA. Sp. 3. p. 93. t. 176.

Hab. Juan Fernandez; gathered by Bertero and Philippi.

84. A. nitens, Swartz ; st. scattered, 6-9 in. 1., firm, ereet, chesnut-brown,
polished, naked ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 12-20 ascending or subfalcate
pinne on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1, $-1 in. br., the point much acuminated,
the edge finely toothed, the base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate in a
curve on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, shining ; veins
oblique, often twice forked ; sor2 in close regular rows, not extending more than
halfway from the midrib to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 157. ¢. 195.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—This and the two next, like species 76 and 77, resemble
the faleatwm group in habit and texture.

85. A. platybasis, Kunze ; st. scattered, 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, channelled,
the lower part scaly ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 12-20 erecto-patent pinne
on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., acuminated at the apex, the edge
serrated, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed suddenly at the base,
the lower one obliquely truncate ; rachzs strong, erect, nearly naked ; veins close,
oblique ; sor? copious, touching the midrib, but falling short of the edge.—
A. falcatum var. Hé&, Sp. 3. p. 160. A. firmum, Fée, non Kunze.

Hab. St. Helena,—Differs from A. Serra mainly by its more copious sori.

86. A. Serra, Langs. & Fisch. ; st, distant, 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, chesnut-
coloured, polished, the lower part scaly ; /r. 2-4 ft. L, 6-12 in. br., with 12-20

4

4

\

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 207

spreading pinne on each side, which are 4-8 in. 1., #-14 in. br., the point acu-
minate, the edge sharply inciso-serrate, the upper base rounded, the lower
cuneate ; feature coriaceous ; rachis strong, erect, brown, sometimes polished ;
veins very oblique ; soré mostly in 2 parallel rows, close to the midrib. 4, Sp. 3.
p. 154. A. camptosorum, Mett, A. progrediens, Fe.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala southward to Organ Mountains and
Peru, and gathered also by Mann on the Cameroon Mountains and at Fernando Po,—
Var. Imrayanum, Hk,, is a large form with the pinne often deeply lobed.

87. A. marine, Ling. ; sé. tufted, 3-6 in. 1, naked, except at the base,
polished, cnesnut-brown, the scales linear, nearly black ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 2-3
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the apex pinnatifid ; pinne of the lower half quite
distinct, spreading horizontally, 1 in. or more 1, } in. br., oblong or Janceolate-
deltoid, the point acute or obtuse, the margin crenato-dentate, sometimes deeply
sinuated, the base slightly truncate below, and often auricled above ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sord broad, falling short of the edge.
—Hh. Sp. 3. p. 95. Brit. Ft. 31. ‘

Hab. Coast of W. Europe, from the Orkneys to the Canaries and Azores; and there
are specimens also in the Kew Herbarium from Nova Scotia, the island of St, Vincent,
and 8. Brazil.

88. A. obtusatum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 8-6 in. 1, firm, greyish, densely clothed
at the base with large, thin, grey, lanceolate scales; 77. 6-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br.,
oblong or ovate-deltoid, with a terminal pinna not much larger than ‘the others,
and 2-6 pairs on each side, which are 1-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., obtuse at the point,
the edge crenate, the base truncato-cuneate, especially on the lower side, and
shortly stalked ; texture cartilaginous ; rachis firm, broad, often compressed and
channelled, both surfaces naked ; colour pale-green ; veins immersed and incon-
spicuous ; sori copious, broad, linear-oblong, falling short of the edge.—Hzk. Sp.
Fil. 3. p. 96. Fil. Ex. t. 46.—B, A. obliquum, Forst. ; fr. often more than 1 ft. 1,
6 in. br. ; pinne more numerous, often 4 in. |., 1 in. br., narrowed gradually to
an acute point, with the lines of fruit 4-7 in. 1. and closer ; texture still carti-
laginous.—y, A. lucidum, Forst. ; fr. sometimes 2 ft. 1., with 15-20 pairs of pinne
on each side, which are more herbaceous in texture, darker green in colour, the
lowest 6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., narrowed gradually to a long acuminated point,
the edge more deeply toothed, the rachis often dark-coloured.—H&, Sp. 3.p. 99.

Hab. Peru and Chili, Polynesian Islands, and plentiful in New Zealand and Australia.
~The three well known plants here united appear to glide into one another by the most
gradual intermediate stages of transition ; and what complicates the matter still more is
the occurrence of forms with the pinne pinnatifid or even fully pinnate, which cannot be
separated clearly.. Of these A. scleropium, Hombr. & Jacq., is most like # in texture,
with the pinnzw regularly and closely toothed throughout to a depth of two lines or more ;
A. difforme, R. Br., has an ovate-deltoid frond of coriaceous texture, with pinnz quite
cut down to a narrow-winged rachis in the lower part into distinctly separated roundish
or oblong sinuated pinnules ; and A. Lyallit, Moore (A. lucidum, var. Lyallii, Hk. fil.
FL. N. Z. t. 77), has a herbaceous frond nearly 18 in. 1., 9 in. br., with lanceolate deltoid
lower pinnz 6 in. 1., 3 in. br. ; in the extreme form cut down into deeply-toothed pin-
nules, which are cuneate at the base and distinctly stalked,

89. A. gemmiferum, Schrad. ; st. tufted, 8-6 in. 1., firm, greyish, the base and
lower part scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., oblong, generally proliferous at the
apex, with 6-12 erecto-patent distinctly-stalked pinne on each side, the lowest
of which are 4-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., narrowed gradually to an acute point; the
edge crenato-dentate, the base truncato-cuneate ; feature herbaceous or subcori-
aceous 5 rachis firm, naked, compressed below ; veins immersed and incon-

spicuous ; sort copious, broad, falling short of both edge and midrib.—H&. Sp. 3.
p. 100.

208 38, ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

Hab. Cape Colony, northward to Angola, Zambesi Land, Bourbon, Mauritius, and
Madagascar.—Very near A. obtusatum, of which it may be an African form. Schlech-
tendahl referred it to Forster's lucidum. The vinnzw vary considerably in textnre, and
here also there is a divided form (A. fleauosum, Schrad.) which has the pinnz cut down
into narrow lobes about halfway down to the rachis in the upper part, and sometimes
quite down to it near the base. A. discolor, P. & R., also belongs here.

b**, Group of A. faleatum. Sori and veins long, irregular, subjlabellate, very
oblique. Sp. 90-98.

90. A. auritum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with 10-15 distinctly stalked horizontal pinn@ on each side,
which are 2-3 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge sharply
toothed or often lobed, especially on the upper side towards the base, which,
if-not lobed, is distinctly auricled and narrowed suddenly, whilst the lower
edge at the base is obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachés firm, erect,
grey, naked ; veins close, oblique, inconspicuous ; sod in 2 broad rather oblique
rowss—f, A. macilentum, Kze. ; rachis broadly winged ; pinne blunt.—y, A. rigé-
dum, Sw. ; pinne deeply pinnatifid throughout.—HZ&. Sp. 3. p. 179.

Hab. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Peru and §. Brazil ;
Neilgherries, Bourbon, Madagascar,

91. A. paleaceum, R. Br.; st. densely tufted, 1-3 in. 1, spreading, densely
scaly ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., sometimes rooting and proliferous at the apex,
with 12-20 subsessile yinne on each side, which are 1 in. L., g-} in. br., the point
bluntish, the edge irregularly inciso-dentate, the upper base auricled and nar-
rowed suddenly, the lower obliquely truncate, the lower ones stalked, and
nearly as broad as long; tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely clothed
throughout ; veins flabellate, deep channelled, conspicuous on the upper surface ;
sori linear, extending nearly to the edge.—Hz&. Sp. 3. p. 162. t. 199.

Hab. Tropical Australia.—Var. Prenticci, Baker, recedes from the type towards
atlenuatum,

92. A: crinicaule, Hance; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, dark-brown, slightly
fibrillose; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 14 in. br., with 9-16 horizontal pinne on each side, which are
§-2 in. 1, +8 in. br., the point bluntish, the edges irregularly inciso-crenate, the
upper side narrowed suddenly, sometimes auricled at the base, the lower obliquely
truncate ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis firm, slightly fibrillose, no distinct midrib ;
veins subflabellate ; soré few, linear, very oblique.—A. Hancei, Baker.

Hab. S. China, Sikkim, Neilgherries (4. Beddomet, Mett.; A. falcatum, Bedd. Fil.
8. Ind. t. 141).

93. A. erosum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ; fr. 6-12
in. ]., 4-8 in. br., with 9-15 pinne on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., 4-2 in. br.,
the edge slightly lobed and crenato-dentate, the point acuminate, the two sides
unequal, the upper one narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate at
the base ; teste subcoriaceous ; rachés firm, erect, greyish ; veins very oblique;
soré falling short of the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 162.

Hab. West Indies.—Probably an American form of falcatum.

94. A. falcatum, Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, nearly naked ;
Jr. 6-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., with 6-20 stalked nearly horizontal pinne on each side,
which are 2-3 in. l., 3-1 in. Iw., the point acuminated, the edges lobed often one-
third of the way down, and the lobes sharply toothed, the two sides unequal, and
the lower one at the base obliquely truncate ; textwre coriaceous ; rachis naked
or slightly fibrillose ; veins very oblique ; soré in long irregular lines reaching
nearly to the edge. —H&, Sp.-3. p. 160.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENTUM. 209

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Australia; N. Zealand, Malaccas, Ceylon, Indian Peninsula,
Mascaren Isles, Zambesi Land.

95. A. caudatum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with
fine brown fibrillose scales ; 77. 12-18 in. 1, 4-8 in. br., with 20-80 pinne on
each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., 4-1 in. br, the point acuminated, the edge deeply
toothed, sometimes lobed more than halfway down to the rachis in the lower
part, the two sides unequal, the upper auricled and narrowed suddenly, the lower
very obliquely truncate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis deciduously villose ;
veins very oblique ; soré subflabellatee—As. Sp. 3. p. 152.

Hab. Polynesia, Malaya, Australia, Hindostan, Comoros, Angola, Ecuador, Brazil.—
Doubtfully distinct from A. faleatum. The best character is in the sori, which are more
confined te the centre of the pinns, being often restricted to two parallel rows close to
the rachis. :

96. A. dimitictrm, Swa.; st. tufted, 6-12 in.-1., blackish, slightly paleaceous,
firm, evect ; 7 v-15 in. 1, 4-6 in. br, with 6-9 opposite pairs of pinne, which
are 2-3 in. l,, 8-1 in. br., the point acuminated, especially the outer and upper
edge sharply inciso-serrated, the latter rounded or cuneate at the base, the
lower edge very obliquely truncate ; teature coriaceous ; rachis dark-coloured,
firm, slightly scaly ; veins close, flabellate, and no distinct midrib ; sort radiant,
narrow, long, linear.— Ak. Sp. 3. p. 159.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba to Peru ; Guinea Coast.—Resembles A. falcatum in
sori and texture, but the pinne are broader below.

97. A. macrophyllum, Swartz; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, brownish,
nearly naked ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with 6-12 opposite pairs of stalked
nearly horizontal pimnew, which are 4-8 in. 1., 1-8 in. br., the point acuminate,
the edge sharply serrated, the two sides nearly equal, but the lower one nar-
rowed rather more obliquely ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, firm, erect ;
veins very oblique ; sori in close long parallel lines reaching from the midrib
nearly to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 158. ¢. 196-7.

Hab. Polynesia, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Hong-Kong, Himalayas, Neilgherries,
Mauritius, Johanna Island.—Very near the preceding ; indeed, all the species from 93
to 98 are very close to one anuther.

98. A. paradoxzum, Blume ; st. firm, erect, grey, slightly scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-9 in:br., with w large oblong-rhomboidal terminal pénna, and 8-12 lateral
ones on each side, the lowest of which are 5-6 in. l., 1-1} in. br., the point
acuminate and slightly toothed, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed
suddenly almost at a right angle, the lower obliquely cuneate ; texture coria-
ceous ; rachis firm, erect, compressed, rather scaly ;. veins obscure, very oblique,
usually once forked ; sori reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge.—Hé.
Sp. 8. p. 98. A. zamioides, Hk. Sp. 8. p. 114. t.170.

Hab. Java, Sumatra, and Penang.—This occurs sometimes with Scolopendrioid sori,
(See Mett. Fil. Ind, 2. p. 234.)

99. A. obesum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, dark chesnut-
brown, polished ; fr. 6-9 in. L, 3 in. br., with a deltoid terminal pinna 14-14 in.
each way, and 4-6 ahperite pairs of sessile lateral ones, 14-14 in. 1., 3-2 in. br.
all entire or very slightly crenate, the upper ones acute, narrowed suddenly on
the upper side at the base, obliquely truncate on the lower one; the lower ones
blunt, as broad as long, nearly semicircular ; texture coriaceous ; rachis polished
like the stem, with a raised line on each side; no distinct midrib, the venation
flabellate ; soré large, linear-oblong, principally in two rows in the upper part
of the pinna.

2D

210 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman, 119.—-Very different from the rest of the group
in the shape of its pinnz,

C. Group of A. resectum. Pinne with from half to the whole of the lower side
cut away. Sp. 100-104.

100. A. farmosum, Willd. ; st. tufted, very short, naked, polished, chesnut-
brown ; 7. 12-18 in. 1., 1 in. br., with 20-30 sessile horizontal pinnw.on each
side, which are 4 in. 1., 14-2 lin. deep, the upper edge deeply cut, the point
rather obtuse, the lower edge truncate in a straight line, so that about.half the
lower side is cut away ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; veins obscure,
simple or forked ; sori linear-oblong, short, oblique, placed 1 to 4 on each side of
the midrib.— Hs. Sp. 3. p. 148. Fil, Ha. t. 16.

\
Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru ; Ceylon
and the Neilgherries, Angola and Congo.—By its wiry polished rachis this approaches
the Trichomanes group.

101. A. pulchellum, Raddi ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, slender, erect, naked, greenish ;
Jr. 8-6 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., with 12-18 pinne in each side, which are $-? in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., bluntish at the point, almost dimidiate, the upper edge inciso-crenate,
and narrowed suddenly at the base ; ¢eeture thinly herbaceous ; rachés slender,
green, compressed ; veens distant, once forked ; soré linear, oblique, falling short
of the edge, sometimes 1 or 2 almost parallel with the midrib on the lower side
of it.—H&. Sp. 8. p. 129. A. Serronii, Glaziou et Fée. ,

Hab. Tropical America, from Columbia to Peru and Rio Janeiro.—A. Otites, Link, is
a form with broad blunt scarcely-cut pinnae, Intermediate between firmum and
resectum.

102. A. resectum, Smith ; st. scattered, slender, naked, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, or grey and opaque, 4-8 in. l.; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., lanceolate-
oblong, with 10-30 subsessile horizontal pimme@ on each side, which are 1-3 in. 1.,
4-4 in. br., in shape almost dimidiate, two-thirds of the lower side being entirely
cut away, the point bluntish, all except the truncate part inciso-crenate, the
upper half at the base narrowed nearly at a right angle ; teature thinly her-
baceous ; rachis usually polished like the stem, sometimes green and opaque ;
veins once or twice forked ; sori not reaching either the midrib or edge.—Hk.
Sp. 8. p.180. Hk. & Gr. Ie. t. 114. :

Hab. Japan and Himalayas (ascending to 8,000 ft.) southward to Ceylon, Oahu, and
Fiji ; Mauritius, Seychelles, Bourbon, Angola, and Guinea Coast. —Sometimes the lower
side of the pinna is entirely cut away. <A. serreforme, Mett., is a form with a straw-
coloured stem and abbreviated sori, and A. cristatum, Wall., a tall form with a strong
green stem and falcate deeply-toothed pinne, cut away for about one-third of the lower
side only.

103. A. datum, Swartz; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, firm, erect, brownish, naked ;
jr. 6-12 in. 1, 8 in. br., with 16-24 sessile pinne on each side, which are 1$in. 1.,

“4 in. br., acute at the point, the edge irregularly inciso-crenate, the upper side
P g' g x

narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower truncate in a broad curve ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished ; ves fine, distant, the lower ones twice
forked ; sori in two unequal rows falling short of both edge and midrib.—
Hh. Sp. 8. p. 138. t. 173.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to the Amazon.—Probably
this should be joined with the preceding, but the texture is usually firmer, and the pagina
is more developed on the lower side of the midrib, as in the eristatum form just
mentioned,

104. A. heterocarpum, Wall. ; st. scattered, 4-9 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-
brown, polished ; 7/7. 6-15 in. 1., 19-2 in. br., with very numerous close-placed
dimidiate pinne on each side, which are #-1 in. br., in. deep, the lower edge

38, ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 211

quite entire, the upper broadest towards the base, where it is narrowed suddenly,
deeply incised throughout ; tecture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis glossy, chesnut-
brown ; sori 1 or rarely 2 together in the teeth—_H&. Sp. 3. p. 182. ¢. 175.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, 8. E. China, Borneo.—A very well-
marked plant, resembling in habit a dimidiate Adiantum.

ek Pinna: cut down at any rate in the lower part nearly or quite to the rachis.
Sp. 105-113. See also 95.

105. A. planicaule, Wall.; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, nearly naked ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1, 2-3 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinne@ on each side,
which are 1-1} in. 1., }-8 in. br., the point acute, the edge lobed often halfway
down or more and deeply inciso-serrated, the upper side narrowed and the lower
one very obliquely truncate at the base; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, com-
pressed, greyish ; veins very oblique ; sorz copious, reaching nearly to the edge.
—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 163. ¢. 200. B.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon.

106. A. lactniatum, Don ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, often scaly ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinne on each side,
which are 1}-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis in the lower part into stalked ovate-rhomboidal lobes, which
are deeply toothed round the outer edge, the lower side very much truncated at
the base ; tevtwre subcoriaceous; rachis firm, compressed, greyish; veins very
oblique ; soré falling short of the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 164. t. 200. A.

Hab. Himalayas (temperate region) and Japan.—A more herbaceous and more deeply-
cut plant than the preceding, with which Mettenius unites it.

107, A. bissectum, Swartz; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
nearly naked ; fr. 12-18 in.1., 4-6 in. br., with 20-30 horizontal pinne on each
side, which are 2-3 in. 1, } in. br., with a very long, narrow, deeply inciso-
pinnatifid upper portion, the base on the upper side narrowed suddenly, on the
lower obliquely truncate; fezture subcoriaceous; rachis chesnut-brown and
villose like the stem ; soré almost all in two parallel rows close to the midrib.—
Ak, Sp. 3. p. 152. t. 192.

Hab. West Indies and Ecuador.—In texture this agrees with the falcatum group.

108. A. horridum, Kaulf. ; st. strong, erect, brownish, fibrillose ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.
8-12 in. br., with very numerous spreading pinne on each side, which are 4-6 in.
1, 2 in. br. at the base, narrowed gradually to an acuminated point, cut down
throughout more than halfway to the rachis into nearly uniform rhomboidal
lobes, cordate or broadly rounded at the base on the upper, truncate in a broad
curve on the lower side ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachis stout, clothed with reddish-
brown woolly fibres; veins oblique, usually once forked; sori in two nearly
parallel lines close to the midrib, and a few also on the disk of the lobes—H&.
Sp. 3. p. 153, t. 193.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Samoa, and Java.—A well-marked plant.

109. A. protensum, Schrad. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., erect, brownish, villose ; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 12-30 horizontal pimne@ on each ‘side, which are
2-3 in.1., % in. br., the point acuminate, the edge sharply cut halfway down to
the rachis, the two sides unequal at the base, the upper one auricled and
narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate in a curve; texture
herbaceous ; vachés firm, erect, brownish, villose ; veins inconspicuous ; sor in

212 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

two oblique rows, almost confined to the undivided part of the pinnw.— Hh.
Sp. 8. p. 150.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mauritius, Abyssinia, and Fernando Po,

110. A. Hallit, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, glossy, chesnut-brown ; fr, 6-12 in.
1, 14-2 in. br., elongated and rooting at the point ; pimm@ numerous, horizontal,
the lower ones deflexed, 1 in. 1., }-# in. br., the point bluntly rounded, the
upper two-thirds cut only halfway down to the rib with linear erecto-patent
teeth, but the lower third cut down nearly or quite to the centre; teature
herbaceous; rachis polished like the stem; vezns simple, oblique; sor? in two
rows.—Hk, Sp. 3. p. 202. 2nd Cent. F. t. 30.

Hab. Ecuador and the Amazon Valley.—The alliance of this is with A. protensum, of
which it may be an American form, and both closely resemble the very variable A. erectum
in many points.

111. A. mucronatum, Presl ; st. tufted, slender, naked, polished, 1-2 in. 1.3 fr.

1 ft. or more L, 1 in. or less br., very flaccid in habit, with very numerous pairs

of deflexed sessile pinne, which are $-2 in. 1., #-2 in. br., deeply pinnatifid on

both sides, the lobes mucronate, in the lower part reaching down nearly to the

rachis, the base on both sides cordate ; ¢eetwre membranous ; colour bright-

on ; ie veins simple, distant; soré linear-oblong, short. —H&. Sp. 3. p. 128.
ce. Fil. t. 917.

Hab.. Brazil,—A very delicate and well-marked plant.

112. A. dipartitum, Bory ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, slender, greyish, naked ;
Jr. 6-8 in. 1, 2-8 in. br., with about 10-15 conspicuously stalked penne on each
side, which are 1-13 in. 1., $-2 in. br., bluntish at the point, cut down at the base
on the upper side into one distinctly-stalked cuneate pinn/., sometimes into two
or three, the outer edge inciso-crenate, the base on the lower side obliquely
truncate; deature herbaceous; rachis compressed, winged upwards, naked ;

veins mostly simple ; soré in two regular rows, which reach nearly to the edge.

—Ak, Sp. 3. p. 178. t. 208.

Hab. Mascaren Isles.—This comes nearest some of the divided forms of awritum, but is
less rigid,

118. A. pumilum, Sw.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, ebeneous
below ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid, the upper part sinuated only, the lower cut
down to the rachis into distinct pénne, of which the lowest pair is much the
largest, the pinnl. on the lower side sometimes 2 in. 1., reaching down to a
slightly-winged rachis, acuminate and deeply lobed; teature herbaceous ;
rachis green, flaccid, compressed ; sori very oblique, the lower ones sometimes
2-1 in. 1—Hk. Sp. 8. p. 174.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico to Columbia ; and a small tender form (A. tenerrimum,
Hochst.) has been gathered by Schimper in Abyssinia, and Dr. Kirk in Zambesi Land.—
A very distinct species.

4E® Fronds bi- to quadripinnate. Sp. 114-155. See also Sp. 64, 75, 88-90. ;

Group of A. cuneatum. Teature coriaceous. Ultimate divisions of the frond
linear- or ovate-cuneate, often shining on the upper surface. Venation subftabellate.
Sp. 114-182.

114. A.,germanicum, Weiss; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. L, naked, slender,
ebeneous ; fr. 2-5 in |, 2.1 in, br, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few
distant narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnw on-each side, the lowest of which are
again deeply cleft and also slightly inciso-serrate towards the point; texture

oe es

ietecasaie

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM, 213

coriaceous ; veins obscure, subparallel; sori linear, when mature covering the
whole breadth, but falling short of the, point of the pinne.—Hé. Sp. 3. p. 175.
Brit. Ft, 27.

Hab. Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia,—Intermediate between Ruta-
murarta and septentrionale.

115. A. Ruta-muraria, Linn.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, slender, wiry, naked,
eheneous taveids tue base; f7. 1-2 in. 1, about lin. br., deltoid, cut down to the
rachis intu a few pinne on each side, the lower ones again cut down into
spathulato-cuneate pinnl., which are serrated round the outer edge; ¢erture
coriaceous ; rachis firm, green, naked ; veins flabellate; sorz copious.— Zk. Sp. 3.
p.176. Brit. F. t. 28.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Spain, Algiers, Cashmere, Tibet, and Siberia; United
States, :

116. A. Hookerianum, Col. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., slender, greenish, deciduously
scaly; fr. 3-8 in. 1, 14-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with several distinctly stalked
erecto-patent pinnee on each side, which are sometimes 1-2 in. ]., with several
stalked pinn]. tin. each way, the lower half cuneate, the upper rounded and
crenate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis greenish ; veins subflabellate ; sori 3-5 to a
pinnl.— Hs. Sp. 8. p. 194. A. adiantoides, var. minus, Hk. Fil. Ic. Pl. t. 983.

Hab. New Zealand.—The pinne and pinnules in shape resemble those of Ruta-
muraria, but the petioles of the former are terete, not flattened, and the texture is
thinner. A plant which resembles this (var. Mairii, Hk. fil.) has pinnate pinnules and
Dareoid sori.

117. A. magellanicum, Kaulf.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., wiry, naked, ebeneous
below ; fr. 2-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., deltoid with several pinn@ on each side, the
lower dhes often 1 in. 1., Zin. br., cut down to the rachis into several distinct
pinnl. on each side, which are again cut down below into cuneato-spathulate
segm. 1-13 lin. br., which are slightly inciso-serrate round the outer edge;
texture coriaceous ; rachis green, naked, compressed ; veins obscure, flabellate ;
sort oblong, copious, at length covering the whole surface.—Zz&. Sp. 3. p. 177.
Hk. & Gr. Ie, t. 180.

Hab, Temperate 8. America.—Divisions like those of Ruta-muraria, but the frond
more compound.

118. A. fissum, Kit, ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. ]., slender, naked, ebeneous below ; jr.
2-5 in. L, 1-2 in. br., oblong-deltoid, with a few distant pinn@ on each side, with
distinct fiabellato-cuneate pinnl. which are again deeply pinnatifid ; wit. segm.
under 4 lin. br.; ¢evture herbaceous; rachis green, naked, slender; veins
solitary ; sori linear-oblong, when mature occupying the whole breadth of the
segments.—Hk, Sp. 3. p. 177.

Hab. Scattered from Gothland to Turkey and Naples.—A well-marked species,

119. A. pekinense, Hance ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, greenish, nearly
naked, ebeneous below ; 7”. 4-6 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., with several lanceolate-deltoil
pinne on each side, which are cut down to a compressed rachis into several
ovate-rhomboidal pznn/. on each side, which are again deeply pinnatifid ; w/t. segm.
linear-cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface shining ; rachis compressed,
green, naked ; veins and sord one to a segm.—A. sepulchrale, Hook. edit. 1.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 83, 304, 462 ; China, Blakiston, Maingay, Robinson.—This comes
nearest to A. varians, but the texture is thicker, and the segments are narrower.

120. A, montanum, Willd. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1, wiry, naked, ebeneous below ;

1

\
214 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

Jr. 2-3 in. 1, 1 in, br., lanceolate-deltoid, with several pinne on each side, the
lowest of which are distinctly stalked, deltoid, about 4 in. each way, cut down to
the rachis in the lower part into spathulato-cuneate pinni., sharply serrated
round the outer edge; éextwre coriaceous; rachis naked, green, compressed,
winged upwards ; ve2vs obscure ; sori short, copious.— Hk. Sp.'3. p. 177.

Hab, United States.—Intermediate between Ruta-muraria and Adiantum-nigrum.

121, A. Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1, nearly naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; /r. 6-12 in, |., 4-6 in. br., sub-deltoid, with numerous pinne on
zach side, the lower ones deltoid, 2-3 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., cut down to a com-
pressed winged rachis into numerous lanceolate-deltoid pinnl., truncate on the
sower side, cut down. nearly or quite to the rachis into oblong or spathulate
segm., sharply toothed round the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ; raches polished
and chesnut-coloured below, upwards winged and compressed ; veins obscure,
oblique; sord copious, at last often occupying the whole under surface of the
segm.—f, A. acuium, Rory 3 habit more graceful, fr. more finely cut ; wit. div.
linear-spathiulate with mucronate teeth.—y, A. obtusum, Willd. ; ult. segm. short,
flabellato-cuneate, often $ in. br., habit more slender. A. Serpentini; Tausch.
—6, A. Gaudichaudianum, Hk. ; texture very thick; pinnl. distant, lanceolate,
with small distant oblong-spathulate ult. segm.—ZHk. Sp. 3. p. 187. Brit. F.
t. 33.

Hab. Norway and Britain to the Cape Verdes, Azores, Canaries, Cameroon Moun-
tains, Algiers, Abyssinia, Himalayas, and Siberia ; Cape Colony, Sandwich Islands.
Reported also from Java, Virginia, Porto Rico, St. Helena, and Mascaren Isles,

122. A. solidum, Kunze; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, dark chesnut-brown, naked,
polished ; fr. oblong-deltoid, 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 8-12 pinne on each
side, which decrease gradually upwards, the lowest lanceolate-deltoid, 4 in. 1.,
2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into several quite distinct deltoid pinnd, which
are again cut down below to the rachis into sharply serrated rhomboidal segm. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis chesnut-brown and polished like the stem ; veins
flabellate, channelled; soré linear-oblong, when mature sometimes filling up
nearly the whole width of the segments.—Az&. Sp. 8. p. 167. t. 201.

Hab. Cape Colony.—Very near the preceding, with which it probably should be
joined.

123, A. dissectum, Brack. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, naked ; 7. 12-18
in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down to the'rachis into numerous lanceolate-deltoid pinne
on each side, the lowest of which are 4-6 in. ]., 14-2 in. br.; pinnl. and segm.
distant, subdeltoid, the latter cut into narrow linear ult. divisions, 1-2 lin. L,
2 lin. br., acute or acutely toothed at the apex; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, greyish ; veins one in each ult. division ; sor? usually solitary.—Brack.
Fil. U.S. Expl. Eup.t. 24.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; gathered by Douglas and Brackenridge.

124. A. cuneatum, Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-15 in.
1, 6-9 in. br., with numerous spreading pinne on each side, the lower ones
3-4 in, 1.,°1-14 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several
distinct ovate-cuneate pinnl., which are inciso-dentate and cut down in the lower
part nearly or quite to the rachis; textwre subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, greyish,
nearly naked ; veins fine, conspicuous on the upper surface; sori linear, sub-
flabellate.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 168.

Hab. Tropical America, West Indies to Brazil ; Polynesian Islands to Java and
Hong-Kong ; Cape Colony to Mozambique, Johanna Island, and Seychelles,

125. A. furcatum, Thunb.; st, tufted, 4-8 in. L, firm, erect, clothed with

38, ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 215

deciduous woolly hairs; fr. 6-18 in. L, 4-6 in. br., with 12-20 pinne on each
side, which- are lanceolate-deltoid in general outline, 2-3 in. 1., #1 in. br., cut
down throughout nearly or quite to the rachis into linear-cuneate pinnl., which
are sharply serrated on the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect,
more or less fibrillose like the stem; veins deep-channelled, flabellate; soré
linear, radiant.—Hk. Sp. 8. p. 165. A. preemorsum, Sw.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru ; Polynesian Islands
and Australia northward to Tsus-Sima and the Himalayas ; Cape Colony to Mascaren
Isles, Abyssinia, and the Canaries.—Distinguished from the preceding by its fibrillose
rachis and longer and narrower divisions,

» 126. A. affine, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, nearly naked; /r.
12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with numerous pinne on. each side, the lower ones
lanceolate-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct rhom-
boidal pinni. 4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., which are again inciso-serrate or deeply
lobed ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis firm, naked; veins subflabellate ; sori
sere linear.— Hd. Sp. 3. p. 170. t. 202. A. spathulinum, J. Sm. Hh. Sp. 3.
p. 170.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, Philippines, Borneo, Fiji, Sandwich Islands.—Very
near A. cuneatum, but a more robust plant, with often 10-15 distinct pinnules to the
lower pinne. ;

127. A. nitidum, Swz.; st. 1 ft.1., firm, erect, greyish, naked; /r. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br., with numerous lanceolate-deltoid pimne on each side, the lowest of
which are 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked
subdeltoid pinn/., which are again cut down to the rachis into broad flabellato-
cuneate segm., inciso-serrate round the outer edge ; zexture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, grey, naked ; veins channelled, flabellate ; soré short, radiant.—Zk. Sp. 3.
p. 172,

Hab. North of India, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—Very near the last, but
a still larger plant, with ample shining rhomboidal acuminate pinnules, sometimes again
pinnatifid. aah

128. A. laserpitiifolium, Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, greyish,
naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6-18 in. br., with numerous pinn@ on each side, the lowest
deltoid-lanceolate, 6-9 in. ]., 4-6 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous
distinct pinnl., the-lowest with rhomboidal-cuneate segm. again deeply pinnatifid ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked ; veins fine and deeply channelled ;
sorz short, linear-oblong, irregular.— Hz. Sp. 3. p. 171. t. 203.

Hab, Polynesian Islands and N. Australia northward to Chusan and Assam.—Like
the two preceding, closely allied to 4. cuneatum.

129. A. nigritianum, Hk.; st. tufted, strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., nearly black and
densely villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6'in. br., with numerous horizontad or slightly
deflexed pinne on each side, which are 2-3 in. l., 4-8 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous subdimidiate rhomboidal pennd., the lower ones once
deeply lobed and also inciso-crenate, the lowest imbricated over the main rachis ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachis firm, erect; veins subflabellate; sori oblong.—
Hk, Sp. 8. p. 223. 2nd Cont. t. 44.

‘Hab. Prince’s Island and St. Thomas, Guinea Coast ; gathered by Barter and Mann.
—A very distinct species, of which our dried specimens are nearly black.

130. A. divergens, Mett.; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1. firm, erect, grey, naked;
fr. 9-18 in. 1, 4-8 in. br., with numerous rather distant pinuw on each side, the
lower ones subdeltoid, 3-6 in, 1, 1-14 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
numerous stalked subdistant pénnl., which are again cut down into cuneato-

216 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

flabellate segm., 1-2 in. br., sharply toothed on the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis firm, grey, naked; veins subflabellate ; sord oblong, usually one only to a
segm.—A. scandicinum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 183. ¢. 204, non Kaulf,

Hab. Brazil and Ecuador.

181. A. fragrans, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1, firm, naked, erect, brownish
below; /v. 6-9 in. 1., 8-4 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate, with numerous close-
placed deltoid pimme on each side, the lowest 8 in. 1, 14 in. br. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate-deltoid ; segm. subspathulate, 1 lin. br., dentate round the outer edge ;

* texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked ; veins fine, obscure, one in each tooth
of the segm. ; sorz copious, at last often covering the whole under surface of the

segm.—B, A. famiculaceum, H. B. K.. ; ult. seg. narrowly linear.—Hk. Sp. 8.
p. 181.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru and Brazil,—The
two varieties seem to be quite connected by gradual intermediate gradations. I now
look upon these as more compound forms of awritum.

182. A. Saulii, Hooker; st, tufted, 3-4 in. 1, firm, erect, greenish, nearly
naked ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., 3 in. by., ovate-deltoid, with numetous imbricated pinnw,
the lowest deltoid, 2 in. 1, 1-12 in. br.; pénnd. lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into distant linear-cunedte sharply-toothed segm. ; teature subcoriaceous ;
rachis firm, naked ; veins obscure, one in each segment ; soré copious.—A, Blakis-
toni, Baker, edit.1.

Hab. Province of Szchuan, West China, Capt. Blakiston.—Near pekinense, but more
compound, with a deltoid not oblong-lanceolate outline,

Group of A. lanceolatum. Texture herbaceous or slightly coriaceous. Venation
pinnate. Fronds 4-8 in. long, lanceolate. Sp. 183-136.

183. A. fontanum, Bernh.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, wiry, slender, naked,
greenish ; 77. 3-6 in. 1, 1-if in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinne on
each sidé, the lower ones short and reflexed, the central ones horizontal,
be in. L, 3-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into several stalked pinn/. on each
side, the lower ones oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; teatwre herbaceous ; rachis
and upper surface bright-green ; veins. oblique ; sort copious, covering nearly
the whole under surface of the pinnl.—Hé#. Sp. 3. p. 198. Brit. Ft. 834.—
8, A. Bourgei, Boiss.; pinne oblong, blunt, 2 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down about

halfway to the rachis into oblong sharply-toothed lobes, most of them somewhat,
decurved.

Hab. England to Spain, Naples, and Greece ; Lycia ; Himalayas.—A. refractum, Moore
(Nat. Brit. F. t. 35), only known in cultivation, comes very near var. 8, but has a chesnut-
coloured rachis, and larger, closer, and more distinctly reflexed pinne. A. exiguum,
Beddome, from the Neilgherries, seems to be a less-divided form of this, with narrow
fronds and an ebeneous rachis. A similar plant has been gathered in Mexico by Mr.

Glennie, and a long narrow-fronded form, but with broader and more divided pinne, in
Japan by Mr, Wright.

134. ‘A. varians, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, 1-8 in. 1, slender, naked, greenish ;
Jr. 4-6 in. 1, Lin. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 8-12 pinne on each side, the lower
ones subdeltoid, 4-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into a few cuneato-
flabellate pinni., the lowest 2 lin. across, sharply toothed on the outer edge;
texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked, green ; veins one carried into each
tooth ; sort copious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface of
the pinnl.—H&. Sp. 3, p. 192. Hk. & Gr, Lc. t. 172. ;

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Cape Colony, Caffraria, Natal.

38. ASPLENIUM, §$ EUASPLENIUM. 217

135. A. incisum, Thunb. ; st. tufted,-1-3 in. 1., polished, chesnut-brown ; jr.
6-12 in, 1, 14-2 in. br., with numerous pinne@ on each side, the lower distant and
blunt, the central ones lanceolate-deltoid, 1 in. 1, 4 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous ovate-rhemboidal pinnl., much truncated at the base on
the lower side and deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
greenish above, compressed, flaccid ; veins one to each tooth ; soré linear-oblong,
one to each vein.—A. elegantulum, Ad. Sp. 3. p. 190. 2nd Cent. J t. 28.

Hab. Japan (common), Tsus-Sima, Chusan, W. China.—Very near A. lanceolatum, but
narrower in outline, and thinner in texture.

136. A. Janceolatum, Huds.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1, naked, glossy, “chesnut-
coloured ; 77. 6-9 in, 1., 2-4 in. br., with numerous pinne on each side, the lower
ones distant, 1-14 in. 1., }-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous oblong-
rhomboidal pinnl., which are truncate on the lower side, sharply toothed and
often broadly lobed below ; texture herbaceous; rachis firm, erect, green or
tinged with chesnut ; vecns fine, the lateral ones usually once forked; soré
copious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface—HZ&. Sp. 3.
p.190. Brit. F. t. 82. .

Hab. South-west of Europe ; England to Greece, Algiers, Madeira, Azores, St. Helena.
A. cea, Viv. (Hk. & Gr, t, 147), is a less divided southern form with obovate
pinnules.

Group of A. bulbiferum. Venation pinnate. Fronds 1 ft. or more long.
Ultimate divisions ample, herbaceous. Sp. 187-144, :

187. A. angustatum, Presl; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, greyish or ebeneous below ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous pinne on each side, the lower ones
deltoid, 2-4 in. 1., 1}-2 in. br., lobed and pinnatifid on the upper, cut down below
into distinct inciso-crenate ovate-rhomboidal or spathulate pinni. 3-3 in. br. ;
texture herbaceous; rachis naked, compressed and winged upwards.; veins.
pinnate ; sori linear, falling considerably short of the edge.—Mett. Aspl. 177.
non Desv. & Bi.

Hab. Brazil. --This is nearest A. adiantoides, but considerably less compound, with
blunt sessile subspathulate pinnules,

138. A. scandicinum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., naked, grey, firm ; fr. 12-24
in. 1, 8-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinne distant, deltoid, 6-9 in. 1.,
4-6 in. br., with numerous stalked deltoid pinnd. on each side ; segm. deltoid, cut
down nearly or quite to the rachis ; wit. divisions cuneate-spathulate, deeply fla-
bellately cut ; ¢eature herbaceous ; rachis firm, naked; veins one to each ult.
division ; sor copious, linear.—A. adiantoides, Raddi. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 186.

Hab. Jamaica and Brazil.—Distinguished in the group by its distant long-stalked
pinne and pinnules. 3%

189. A. Wardii, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. L, erect, slender, polished, greyish, scaly
towards the base; fr. 12-15 in. l., 10 in. br., deltoid, with numerous lanceolate
pinne on each side; the lowest 5 in. 1., 14 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnl., which are $ in. 1., tin. br., the point blunt, the
two sides unequal, the upper one auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the
base, the edge very slightly crenate ; teatwre thinly herbaceous ; rachis slender,
polished, greyish ; vees conspicuous, the central lateral ones twice forked ;

a in two regular oblique rows near the midrib.—_H&. Sp. 3. p. 189. 2nd Cent.
»t. 3d ‘

Hab, Island of Tsus-Sima, Wilford, 717.—A very distinct species.
149, A. pseudo-nitidum, Raddi; st. 1 ft. 1, polished, glossy, purplish-black ;
25

218 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnate, with 9-12 pizn@ on each side,
the lower ones subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1, 2 in. br.; Zower pinnl. stalked, ovate-
rhomboidal, with the outer edge toothed and the base on the lower side truncate
in a curve, sometimes lobed in the lower part; éewture herbaceous ; rachis firm,
naked ; veins rather close, once or twice forked; sori in two nearly regular
rows.—, crenatifolium, Hk. ; pinne cut down in the lower part into spathulate
‘pinnl —Hk. Sp. 3. p. 184. A. Lindeni, Hk. Sp. 3, p.185. ¢. 209.

Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador.

i41. A. Jamesoni, Hk.; st. 6-12 in. 1. firm, erect, angular, the lower part
clothed with large brown deciduous scales; fr. 1-2 ft. or more l., 9-12 in. br.,
with numerous pinne on each side, the lower ones 6-9 in. L, 3-4 in. br., cut
down to a broadly-winged rachis into deltoid pinnl., which are again deeply
pinnatifid ; wit. segm. oblong or spathulate; ¢ezture herbaceous; main rachis
firm, compressed and winged upwards; veins distant ; sord large, oblong, prin-
cipally in two lines close to the midrib and nearly parallel with it—z&. Sp. 3.
p. 184, t, 205.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce, 5627.

142. A. acuminatum, Hk. & Arn.; sé. subtufted, 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect,
greyish, deciduously paleaceous ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., with very numerous
close-placed lanceolate-oblong penne on both sides, which are 4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in.
br., cut down to the rachis into numerous unequal-sided lanceolate pinnl., which
are acuminate at the apex, with the edges sharply toothed or even lobed below,
the lower base obliquely truncate; texture coriaceous; rachis strong, erect,
greyish ; veins fine, close, deep-channelled ; sor? in two rows in the upper part of
the pinnl., often diplazioid. Hx. Sp. 3. p. 183. ¢. 206. A. polyphyllum, Presi.

| Hab. Sandwich Islands.—Intermediate between A. bulbiferum and cuneatum.

143. A. sguamosum, Linn. ; st. stout, erect, 12-18 in. 1., clothed with large
brown scales below; /r. 3-6 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., with numerous pinne on each
side, the lower ones 3-4 in. apart and horizontal, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down
to a compressed and winged rachis into numerous stalked pinnl. on each side,
which are ovate-rhomboidal, 2-3 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., the apex acuminated, the
edge crenate, the base on the lower side truncate in a curve; teature rather
thinly herbaceous ; mazn rachis compressed and channelled ; veins oblique, the
lateral ones usually twice forked; sord few, principally near the midrib.—
Hk, Sp. 3. p. 186. t. 210.

Hab. West Indies, Venezuela, and Ecuador.—Easily recognized by its large size and
ample pinnules.

144. A. bulbiferum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, greyish, scaly at the
base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid, with numerous horizontal pinne
on each side, which are often proliferous from the upper surface, the largest
4-8 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., cut down to a compressed winged rachis into numerous
lanceolate-deltoid pinn/., which are again cut down into slightly-toothed linear-
oblong segm. 3-% in. 1, 1 lin. br.; tewture herbaceous ; rachis firm, sometimes
pendilone 3 veins fine, pinnate ; soré oblong, when mature often filling the whole

readth of the segm.—Hz, Ic. t. 423.—8, A. laxum, R. Br. ; habit more slender ;
segm. narrow, so that the sori are often as if marginal.—y, A. Fabianum, Homb.
and Jacq. ; lower segm. deeply pinnatifid, with narrow divisions and submarginal
sori.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 3. p. 196.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia, Penang, Samoa, N. India, Mexico,
Guatemala, Bourbon, Seychelles, Johanna Island, Natal.—A. Mertensianum, Kze., from
Bonin, and A. Shuttleworthianum, Kze., are both apparently large quadripinnatifid forms
of this with quite marginal sori.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 219

Group of A. cicutarium. Venation pinnate. Fronds various in size, texture
thinly herbaceous, colour bright-green, ultimate divisions finely cut. Sp. 145-155.

145. A. triphyllum, Presl; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, spreading ; /1. 6-9 in.
1, 3-2 in. br., with numerous pinne on each side, cut down into 3 or 5 stalked
linear or oblong-spathulate pinnl. 4 in. 1.; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender,
wide-rambling, often gemmiferous ; veins one in each pinnl.; soré 1-2 on the
disk of each.—A. herbaceum, Fée.— , A. sessilifolium, Desv. ; rachis stronger ;
pinne distant, with usually three spathulate pinn/., the terminal one } in. br.—
A. imbricatum, Hk. & Gr. t. 165. A. ternatum, Presl—y, compactum, Hk.;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, erect; pinn@ close ; pinnl. more numerous ;
sorz copious.— Hk. Sp. 8. p. 208.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru.—Pinnz usually consisting of three, or at most of
five, nearly equal divisions,

146. A. repens, Hk. ; st. wide-scattered, very slender, very short; /r. 1-2 in. L,
a in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinne@ horizontal, 8-4 on each
side, cut down to the rachis into broad cuneate pinnil., which are sharply toothed
on the outer edge and sometimes deeply cleft ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
naked ; veins simple or forked in each pinnl. ; soré oblong, solitary.—Hé. Sp. 3.
p- 194. 2nd Cent. t. 81.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, Jameson and Spruce.

147. A. delicatulum, Presl ; rhizome wide-creeping, thread-like ; st. solitary, or
2-3-nate, }-1 in., greenish, naked ; fr. lanceolate, 1-2 in. 1., 2-3-pinnatifid ; panne
few, stalked, lowest largest, cuneate-trapezoid, flabellately 1-2-pinnatifid, with a
few sessile linear acute I-veined divisions under 2 lin. br., lowest often forked ;
texture membranous ; surfaces green, glabrous ; sort oblong.— Zé. Sp. 3. p. 182.
ic. Plant. t. 915.

Hab, Peru, Poppig, Matthews, 1785.

148. A. divaricatum, Kunze ; st. tufted, very short; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, with numerous close-placed pinn@ on each side, which are
4-1 in. 1, } in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous pinnl. not more than
1 lin. br.; segm. linear-oblong, not toothed ; ¢eztwre membranaceous; rachis
very slender, ebeneous; veins one to each segm.; sori svulitary—Hk. Sp. 3.
p- 204,

Hab. Chili and Peru.—Very doubifully distinct from A. myriophyllum.

149. A. Gibertianum, Hk.; st. tufted, very short, compressed ; fr. 6-8 in. L,
lin. br., caudate at the apex, with numerous close-placed pinne on each side,
the largest 4 in. 1, } in. br., ovate-rhomboidal, broadest on the upper side, cut
down to the rachis into simple linear sharp-pointed or broader flabellately
incised pinnl. ; texture herbaceous; rachis green, much compressed and with a
broad wing on each side all the way down ; veins one to each segm. ; soré one at
the base of each segm.—H&. Sp. 3. p.199. 2nd Cent. t, 22.

Hab. Paraguay ; gathered by M. Gibert.—A stronger and more regular-growing plant
than the rest of the group, with a very peculiar rachis.

150. A. Colensot, Hk. fil. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in.1., firm, erect, clothed throughout
with small scales; /r. 4-5 in. 1., 2 in. br., with numerous rather rigid erecto-
patent pinne, the lower on stalks 3-4 in. 1. ; lower pinni. spreading, deeply inciso-
pinnatifid,’with linear segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis dightly scaly ; one vein
to each segm.; sorz oblong, solitary.—Jc. Pl. ¢. 984.

Hab, New Zealand.— Probably not more than a subdareoid variety of adian-
toides.

220 38. aspreniuM, §§ EUASPLENIUM,

151. A. Fadyeni, Hk.; st. scattered, 3-4 in. L, slender, scaly below 3 /r. 6-8
in. 1, 2 in. br., with several distant horizontal lanceolate pinnw on each side,
which are only lobed in the upper third, but cut down below into spathulate
pinnl, 2 lin. 1, 4 in. br.; temture herbaceous; rachis naked, flaccid ; veins
pinnate ; sori few, small, Jinear-oblong.—H&. Sp. 8. p. 192. 2nd Cené. t. 27.

Hab. Jamaica, McFadyen.—This is a feebler plant than the less cut forms of A. rhizo-
phyllum, with fewer and more distant pinne and pinnules.

152. A. tenuifolium, Don; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., slender, naked, slightly
ebeneous ; fr. 6-12 in. lL, 3-5 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinne
on each side, the lower ones 2-8 in. 1., Zin. br.; lower pinnl. subdeltoid, cut
down to a narrowly-winged rachis into spathulate segm. 4 in. br., sharply
incised on the outer edge; ¢exture thinly herbaceous; rachis green, naked,
slender ; veins solitary ; sori 1 or 2 to each segm. placed on the disk.—H&. Sp. 8.
p. 193. 2nd Cent. F.t. 29. A. concinnum, Wail,

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.

158. A. rhizophyllum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1, greyish, naked; fr. 6-12
in. ]., 13-2 in. br., cut down into numerous close-placed horizontal pimnw on
each side, the central ones 1 in. 1, $- in. br., cut down throughout nearly to the
centre into simple or forked erecto-patent pnni., the lowest on the under side
suppressed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis compressed, winged ; veins one to each
segm.; sori solitary, submarginal.—A. dubium, Brack. 8, A. myriophylium,
Pres]; fr. broader ; central pinne 14 in. 1., with lower pinnl. cut down into
several simple or forked linear segm.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 200.

Hab. Florida, Trop. America, Polynesia.—A. strictum, Brack. t. 28, differs from the
typical plant by its stronger rachis, and pinnules of the upper half of the pinnz linear-
falcate and simple ; A. bifissum, Fée, is a slender form, with pinnatifid pinnules with
distant linear segments; and A. cladolepton, Fée, has cuneato-flabellate lower pinnules
deeply 2- to 3-cleft at the apex. A. dubiwm has a creeping rhizome, and is probably
distinct,

154. A. rutaceum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1-4 in. 1, naked, polished, chesnut-brown ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, elongated and radicant at the apex ;
pinne numerous, close-placed, horizontal, the central ones 1-14 in. 1., 4-¥ in. br.,
cut down to the rachis into numerous rhomboidal pinni. 2 lines each way ;
lowest segm. spathulate, stalked ; teatwre thinly herbaceous; rachis polished
and chesnut-brown like the stem ; veins one to each segm, ; sord solitary, central.
+-Hk. Sp. 3. p. 208. 2nd Cent. F. t. 34. ;

Hab. Venezuela, New Granada, Eeuador, Galapagos Island-—This differs from the
preceding by its radicant habit and distinctly obovate-spathulate pinnules. It comes near
A. rachirhizon, Raddi.

155. A. cicutarium, Swartz; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, greenish, naked ; fr.
6-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 10-15 horizontal pinn@ on each side, the lower ones
2-3 in. 1, Lin. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal
pinnl., which are 34 in. L., ae br., obliquely truncate on the lower side, and cut
down to the rachis throughout into linear or oblong segm., the latter once or
twice cleft at the apex ; deatwre thinly herbaceous ; colour bright-green 3 rachis
compressed and often winged ; sori principally in two rows a the pinn]._—
Lk, Sp. 3, p. 198.—B, A. abyssinicum, Fée 3 fr. flaccid ; teature thin; pinal.
and segm. fewer and broader.— Hk. Sp. 3, p. 191.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Peru ; Abyssinia, Macalisberg, Guinea
Coast.—A. montverdense, Hk. 2nd Cent. t, 41, appears to be a reduced form of this.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§$ DAREA. 22k

8§§ Dero’, Juss. (Cenopteris, Bory). Veins simple, ultimate divisions of the
frond narrowly linear ; sori linear or linear-oblong, marginal or submarginal.
Sp. 156-177. See also Sp. 62, 144. Fig. 38. boc. — ‘

* Fronds 6-9 in. l., lanceolate or subdeltcid. Sp. 156-164.

156. A. (Dares) Menni?, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 in. or more 1., slender, naked ; 77.
1-2 in. }.. 1 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, the upper branches simple, the lower ones
once or twice forked dichotomously ; primary or secondary branches 3-4 in. 1.,
not more than lin. br. ; fezture thinly herbaceous, a single vein in each branch ;
sori oblong, solitary, marginal.— Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 60.

Hab. Cameroon Morntains and Fernando Po, discovered by Gustave Mann; and
gathered also lately in Zambesi Land by Dr. Kirk. ue ; Ee

157. A. (Darea) brachypteron, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-£in.1., wiry, naked; jr.
4-6 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., with 12-24 horizontal pinne on each side, of which from
half to nearly the whole of the lower side is cut away, the largest 4-3 in. l., cut
down to the rachis into simple or forked linear pinnl. 1-14 lin. 1.; texture
berbageovs ; rachis slender, naked ; soré solitary, often quite marginal.—H&, Fil.

zt. 14.

Hab. Madagascar, Natal, Angola, and Guinea Coast.

158. A. (Darea) Dregeanum, Kunze; st. 2-4 in. 1., grey, naked ; /r. 6-9 in. L.,
2-8 in. br., flaccid and rooting at the point, with numerous flaceid pinn@ on each
side, some of which have half the lower side cut away ; the largest 1-1} in. 1.,
cut down into simple or slightly-forked linear pinnl. }-3 in. 1.; tezture
herbaceous ; rachis naked ; soré solitary, submarginal.—H#. Sp. 3. p. 214.

Hab. Natal._—Very doubtfally distinct from A, brackypteron, with which it is joined by
/Mettenius.

* 159. A. (Darea) obtusilobum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. ]., naked, greenish ; 77.
6 in. 1., 2 in. br., with 9-12 subdeltoid_pinne on each side, of which only the
inner third on the lower side is cut away, the largest 1 in. 1., 3 in. br. ; lowest
pinnl, 3 in. deep, flabellately cut into 3-5 linear lobes; tezture herbaceous ;
rachis green, naked ; veins one in each fork ; sor? submarginal.— Hi. Jc. t. 1000.

Hab. Tanna and Aneiteum ; and a less-divided plant gathered by Dr. Seemann in Fiji
is probably the same.— Closely allied to the two preceding.

160. A. (Darea) dichotomum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish ;
Jr. 3-4 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., oblong, acute, tripinnate, with 8-12 pinne on each
side, which are truncate on the lower side, cut down to a narrow compressed
rachis, only the lower pinnl. again pinnatifid ; ulé. segm. 14-2 lin. 1., 2 in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; main rachis compressed, nish, naked ; one vein to each
segm.; soré solitary, linear, quite marginal.—&. Sp, 8. p. 210. 2nd Cent. t. 89.

Hab. Borneo.

161. A. (Darea) bipinnatum, Brackenr. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., naked, wiry,
slender ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., with 12-20 close-placed erecto-patent pinne
on each side, the largest 4-2 in. 1, 3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear
slightly-flattened pinnl. ¢ in. deep, the lowest again pinnatifid ; texture subcori-
aceous ; rachis firm, erect, naked ; veins one in each segm. ; sori small, solitary,
marginal.—D. fureata, Brack. p.170, A. Seemanni, Carruth,

Hab. Fiji; gathered by Brackenridge, Seemann, and Milne.

222 38, ASPLENIUM, §§§ DAREA.

162, A. (Darea) davallioides, Ak.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1. firm, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1,
2-8 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate, with 6-9 pinne on each side, the lowest much
the largest, 2-8 in, I., 1-1} in. br., deltoid; pinnd. deltoid, with a broadly-winged
rachis and lower segm. again pinnatifid, with curved divaricate lateral divisions,
I-1} lin. 1, 3 lin. br.; feeture thick, coriaceous ; colowr bright-green ; rachis
compressed; veins one to each division ; soré copious, quite lateral, oblong, often
occupying the whole upper side of the ult. divisions.—H&h, Sp. 3. p. 212.
2nd Cent. F. t.40. Humata dareoidea, Met.

Hab. Japan, Tsus-Sima, Loo Choo, Hong-Kong, Formosa,—The species of ali the
group that comes nearest to Davaillia.

163. A. (Darea) irregulare, Baker ; st. scattered, 2-4 in. I., naked, firm, erect,
pale-green ; fr. 6-8 in. 1, 2-8 in, br., with numerous pinne on each side, the
uppermost simple, }-2 in. 1., linear-falcate, those next in order dichotomously
forked, the lowest regularly pinnate, with a prolonged simple point and several
distant pinnd. 3-8 in. 1, 4 lin. br.; teature subcoriaceous; rachis flaccid, naked,
compressed ; veins one to each pinnl. ; sori sometimes 3 in. ]., with very narrow
involucres.—A. productum, Met.

Hab. Sierra del Crystal, Guinea Coast, Mann, 1636.

164. A. (Darea) Richardi, Hk. fil. ; st. tufted, 8-6 in. L, firm, erect, greenish,
scaly throughout ; 7. 5-6 in. ]., 2 in. br., with 12 or more close-placed lanceolate
erecto-patent pinnw on each side, which are cut down to a-winged rachis into
numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinni., which are again deeply pinnatifid with
linear-mucronate segm. 1 lin. or less 1. ; teature coriaceous; rachis firm, com-
pressed ; one vein in each segm. ; sori oblong.—Hk&. Sp. 3. p.197. Lc. Pl. t. 977.

Hab. New Zealand.—This seems to be nearest some of the dwarf tripinnatifid forms
of flaccidum.

Fronds ample, 1-8 ft. i. Sp. 165-177.

165. A. (Darea) flaccidum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. L, stout, greenish, naked ;
Jr. 1-8 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., often pendent, with numerous close or distant lanceolate
pinne, which are 4-8 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., sometimes rather rigid and recurved,
sometimes quite flaccid and drooping like the main rachis, sometimes deeply
pinnatifid but more often cut down to the thick rachis in oblique or subfalcate
narrow linear lobes ; ¢eature thick, subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, pale-green like
the frond, compressed upwards; veins obscure, one in each lobe ; soré in the
divided form quite marginal— H&A. Sp. 3. p. 205.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia, Van Diemen’s Land ; and gathered lately also by Dr.
Hillebrand in the Sandwich Islands, and Mr. Sanderson in Natal.—A very variable
species,

166. A. (Darea) rutwfolium, Kunze; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1, compressed,
greenish, naked; fr. 6-15 in. L, 2-8 in. br., with 12-20 pinne on each side,
the lowest subdeltoid, 2 in. or more 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous
erecto-patent distant pinnl. on each side, the lowest on the upper side again cut
down into erecto-patent linear segm., the lowest on the under side suppressed ;
teature coriaceous ; rachis compressed ; colour pale-green ; soré small, marginal.

—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 206. A. stans, Kze. A. prolongatum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 209.
2nd Cent. t. 42,

aa cee Colony northward to Natal and Zambesi Land ; Himalayas, Ceylon, Japan,
and Fiji.

167. A. (Darea) borbonicum, Tk. ; ste tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish ;
fr. 6-15 in. 1, 8-4 in. br., with 12-20 distant erecto-patent pinne on each side,

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§ DAREA.. 223

which are 1}-2 in. 1., }-$ in. br., truncate at the base on the lower side, regularly
cut down throughout into distant, linear, curved pinnl. 3 lin. br., the lowest on
the upper side larger and again pinnatifid or palmate ; texture coriaceous ; colour
pale-green ; rachis thick, flaccid, compressed upwards; one vezn and sorus to
each segm., the latter marginal. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 207.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—Very near the preceding.

168. A. (Darea) Belangeri, Kunze ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinne on each
side, 1-1} in. 1., 3 in. br., rounded at the point, truncate at the base on the lower
side, regularly cut down throughout to a broadly-winged rachis into linear
erecto-patent pinzl. } lin. br., with their own breadth between them, the lowest
usually once forked ; texture coriaceous; colour pale-green ; rachis compressed 5
one vein and sorus to each segm., the latter marginal.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 209. A.
Veitchianum, Moore.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo.—A. Sampsoni, Hance, gathered
by Mr. Sampson about 100 miles west of Canton, of which our only specimen has lan-
ceolate fronds not more than 4 in. 1., under 1 in. br., and ovate-oblong pinnz only cut
down to the rachis at the base, is probably a reduced form. It has been suggested that
this bears the same relation to tenerum that inequale does to lineatum, A. decorum, Kunze,
being a connecting link.

169. A. (Darea) Thunbergii, Kunze; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1, firm, naked,
greyish ; fr. 9-15 in.1., 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, with numerous
pinne on each side, the largest 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., bluntish at the point, truncate
at the base on the lower side, regularly cut down throughout to a broadly-
winged rachis into blunt pinnis. 1 line br., the lowest larger and often again
pinnatifid ; ¢ezture herbaceous ; rachis compressed and flaccid upwards ; veins
and soré one in each segm.—/Hk. Sp. 3. p. 208, A. auriculatum (Zhunb.), Kuhn,
oldest name.

Hab. Natal ; and a similar plant, with longer stems and narrower pinnz.and pinnules,
was gathered by G. Mann at Fernando Po.— Habit of the two preceding, but texture
different. Perhaps a Dareoid form of A. erectum.

170. A. (Darea) viviparum, Presl ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. L., firm, erect, greenish,
deciduously fibrillose ; fr. 1-2 ft. l., 6-8 in. br., with numerous close-placed
erecto-patent pinmne on each side, which are 4-6 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., cut down to
a compressed rachis into numerous pinnatifid pinnl., the lower segm. of which
are again forked ; wit. divisions 3-3 in. 1., 3 lin. br. ; tezture herbaceous ; rachis
firm, erect, often viviparous ; one vein to each division ; soré solitary, marginal.
—AHk., Sp. Fil. 8. p. 215.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

>.

naked ; /r. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinne and pinnl,
deltoid ; segm. rigid, scarcely flattened, 3 in. or more L., distantly placed and
erecto-patent ; texture coriaceous; rachis firm, erect; veins solitary in each
segm. ; sort long, linear, marginal.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 213. Ic. Pl. t. 911:

171. A. (Darea) Nove-Caledoniew, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect,

Hab. New Caledonia ; gathered by C. Moore, Vieillard, and Deplanche.

172, A. (Darea) dimorphum, Kunze; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1, 12-15 in. br., ovate-deltoid, sterile and fertile ones different or combined ;
lower pinne ovate-deltoid, 6-8 in. 1, 2 in. br.; sterile pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal,
1 in. or more |., 4 in. br., bluntly toothed and the base on the lower side
obliquely truncate; fertile ones the same size, but cut down to the rachis into

224 38. ASPLENIUM, 9§§§ ATHYRIUM.

very narrow simple or forked linear pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm,
erect ; sor linear, solitary, marginal.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 218. 2nd Cent. t. 37.

Hab. Norfolk Island.—Easily recognized by its dimorphous fronds.

178. A. (Darea) scandens, J. Sm. ; st. scattered on a stout creeping rhizome,
very short; /r. 1-2 ft. L, 6-12 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinne on each
side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1} in. br., cut down to a distinctly winged rachis into
numerous subdistant ovate-rhomboidal pinni., which are cut down to the rachis
throughout; lower segm. again pinnatifid; ult. divisions narrowly linear ;
teature thinly herbaceous; rachis firm, erect; one veim in each division ; soré
solitary, marginal.—_Hz&. Sp. 3. p. 216. 2nd Cent. t. 37.

Hab. New Guinea and the Philippines ; and a similar plant, with simply pinnate
pinne and a stem about 1 in, |., from Fiji and Celebes.

174. A. (Darea) multifidum, Brack.; st. stout, erect, grey, naked, slightl
paleaceous, 12-18 in. 1.; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid,
with numerous ping on each side, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-
deltoid, truncate hs the base on the lower side; segm. y2 in. ].,,4 in. br., the
lowest cut do nearly to the rachis below into close oblong-spathulate
bluntly-toothed divisions, } in. br. ; ¢eeture subcoriaceous ; rachis grey, firm,
rather scaly ; veins and sort one to each division, the latter very small, quite
marginal.—H&, Sp. 3. p. 212.

Hab, Tahiti, Society Isles, and Fiji.

175. A. (Darea) Powellii, Baker ; st. naked, greyish, firm, erect ; fr. 2-3 ft.
1, 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, 5-pinnatifid, with numerous imbricated erecto-patent
pinne on each side, the lowest 9-12 in 1. 3-4 in. br.; pénnl. deltoid, 3 in. 1,
14 in. br.; lower segm. deltoid, their lower divisions again pinnatifid; wit.
divisions linear, 13-2 lin. 1, 4 lin. br., all the divisions erecto-patent; texture
herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis firm, compressed upwards; veins and
sori solitary, the latter small (under 1 lin. 1.), linear-oblong, submarginal.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell—This comes nearest to the preceding, but is considerably
more divided. Luerssen unites them both with bulbiferum.

176. A. (Darea) ferulaceum, Moore ; st. 6-12 in. 1., ‘firm, erect, naked, greyish ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 9-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with several pinn@w decreasing gradually
upwards, the lowest horizontal or deflexed, 6-9 in. 1., 3-5 in br. ; pénnl. lan-
ceolate-deltoid ;. segm. 3-1 in. 1, their divisions again pinnatifid ; alt. lobes
linear, blunt, 1 lin, 1., Z lin, br. ; tevture thinly herbaceous ; colour bright-green ;
main rachis firm, naked; veins solitary; sort lateral, very small.—A&. Sp. 8.
p. 216. 2nd Cent. t. 88.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador and New Granada,

§§§§ Athyrium, Roth. Veins free, sori. more or less curved, sometimes horse-
shoe-shaped. Sp. 177-199. Vig. 38. e.

* Fronds deltoid. Sp. 177~180.

177. A. (Athyr.) crenatum, Ruprecht ; st. 6-12 in. 1, scattered, firm, erect,
naked, straw-coloured, clothed towards the base with large ovate dark-brown
scales; fr. 9-15 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with 9-12 pinne
on each side, the lowest, much the largest, 6-9 in. 1, 14-2 in. br.; pénnl. lan-
ceolate, cut down to the rachis except towards the point on each side into 4-6-
blunt oblong segm. 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. by. which are bluntly toothed ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis stvaw-coloured ; both surfaces hairy or nearly naked ; soré

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§$ ATITYRIUA. 225

2-6 to a segm., oblong, usually nearly straight, often double.—A. 1,
ts, Etec, nerd

Hab. Scandinavia by way of Siberia to Japan.

178. A. (Athyr.) spinulosum, Baker; st. 6-12 in. 1., scattered, firm, erect,
naked, straw-coloured, more or less clothed throughout with lanceolate pale-
brown scales ; fr. 9-12 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with 9-12
pinne on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6-9 in. 1., 24-3 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis on each side into 6-9
oblong-rhomboidal mucronate segm., 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., which are sharply
toothed ; texture herbaceous; rachis firm, naked, or nearly so; sori 2-10 4o
a segm., usually round and the invol. ovate, but occasionally oblong, and the
invol. slightly curved.—Cystopteris spinulosa, Max. Fl. Amur. p. 840. -

Hab. Amur-land, Maximowicz ; Manchuria, Wilford, 1163 ; Korea, Wilford, 908.

179. A. (Athyr.) subtriangulare, Hk. MSS. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked,
clothed towards the base with lanceolate pale-brown scales ; fr. 1 ft. each way,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid, with 12-18 pinne@ on each side, the lowest much the
largest, 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
on each side into 9-12 close elliptic-rhomboidal segm., 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., which
are inciso-serrated, sometimes halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm,
naked; sort 2-12 to a segm., roundish, but the lower invol. quite horseshoe-
shaped.—Athy. Hookerianum, Moore.

Hab. Sikkim, 10-12,000 ft. ; gathered by Dr. Hooker.—Pinnz more numerous than
in the preceding, the segments narrower, more abundantly but not so sharply toothed,

the sori more copious, and the involucre different.

180. A. (Athyr.) medium, Hk.; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely
clothed throughout with crisped linear reddish-brown scales; /r. 6-9 in. J.,
46 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate, with numerous spreading pinne on each side,
the lowest 3-4 in. 1., 1-1} in. br. ; pinn/. numerous, lanceolate-rhomboidal, the
lobes ovate-acuminate, in the lower part reaching down nearly or quite to the
rachis ; texture herbaceous; rachis firm, erect, fibrillose; veins pinnate, con-
spicuous ; soz copious, often 6-8 to a segm.; ézvol. roundish, reniform.—Hi.

yp. 3. p. 227. Ie. t. 43.

Hab. Tristan d’Acunha,—A well-marked species, which was placed by Carmichael in
Aspidium.
** Fronds lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Sp. 181-199.

181. A. (Athyr.) cystopterioides, Hk. 5 st. 4-6 in. ]., seattered, slender, pale,
naked ; fr. 4-6 in. |., 13-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinne on
each side, the lower ones lanceolate, 1-14 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., gree above, cut
down to the rachis below into blunt ovate-rhomboidal pinnl., which are broadly
lobed about halfway down to the midrib; texture herbaceous ; both surfaces
slightly hairy and glandular ; sori 2-6 to a pinnl., placed near the base of the
teeth ; znvol. hispid, lunulate—é. Sp. 3. p. 220. Athyrium, Zaton.

Hab. Japan and Loo-Choo.—A small plant with the habit of Cystopteris fragilis, and
a slender wide-creeping rhizome.

182. A. (Athyr.) Hokenackerianum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect,
clothed throughout rather closely with linear-subulate scales; fr. 6-9 in. di,
14-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous lanceolate pinnw on each side,
which are cut down below nearly or quite to the rachis into ovate inciso-serrated
pinnl.; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked or scaly below ; sori copious, oblong ;
tnvol, conspicuous, some distinctly curved.— Hh. Sp. 8. p. 220.

2¥

226 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM.

Hab, Scinde, Peninsular India, Ceylon.—Habit of a small form of Filix-famina,
but with more sausage-like sori and a fibrillose stem.

183. A. (Athyr.) ‘drepanophyllum, Baker; st. tufted, stramineous, 2-3 in.,
slightly scaly below; basal scales dense, linear-subulate, ferruginous ; 77. lan-
ceolate, 4-1 ft. 1., 14-2 in. br., bipinnatifid; rachés stramineous, naked, winged
in upper half; pinne 15-20-jugate, lanceolate, blunt, sessile, 3-3 in. br., lower
distant and much reduced, pinnatifid into short blunt lobes, the lowest anterior
produced, the base on lower side cuneate-truncate; texture moderately firm ;
surfaces green, naked ; veins pinnate in lower lobes; soré oblong oblique, regu-
larly uniserial near midrib of pinne.—Athyrium falcatum, Bedd. # S. LL.
@. 151.

Hab. Indian Peninsula,

184, A. (Athyr.) thelypteroides, Michx.; st. 1 ft. 1., erect, polished, straw-
coloured ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinne,
the lower ones 4-6 in. L, 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into
numerous nearly entire elliptical spreading pinnl.; textwre herbaceous; rachis
sometimes slightly hairy ; sor? in close regular rows reaching nearly from
the midrib to the edge, slightly curved, the lower ones-often double-—Z&. Sp. 3.
p- 229.

Hab. Canada, United States, Amur-land, Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.), Penang.
—Easily distinguished by its long sori in very regular rows.

185. A. (Athyr.) decurtatum, Link ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., erect, straw-coloured
above, deciduously scaly below ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., with very numerous
close-placed spreading pinne 4-6 in. ]., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
throughout into blunt entire lobes with parallel sides, 2 lin. br.; tevture
herbaceous ; both surfaces pubescent ; veiniets simple, regularly pinnated ; soré
oblong, falling’ short of both edge and midrib, the lower ones curved.—H/. Sp. 8.
p. 226.

Hab. Brazil, Zindberg, 620.—Very like the preceding in habit and cutting, but the
sori much shorter.

186. A. (Athyr.) deparioides, Brack. ; st. 12-18-in. 1., firm, erect, smooth,
greyish; jr. 3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., lanceolate, with numerous pinn@ on each side, the
lower ones 6-8 in.]., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into
rather distant oblong-obtuse pinni., which are slightly inciso-crenate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked, proliferous ; veins conspicuous, once pinnate
in each pinnl., the veinlets simple, distant ; sor? oblong, one to each veinlet
touching the edge, the lower ones very slightly curved. Brack. p. 172.

Hab. Oahu.

187, A. (Athyr.) Skinneri, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, greyish, slightly scaly
below ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinne on each
side, the lower ones 1-1} in. apart, 3-5 in.1., 1 in. br., cut in the upper part
halfway down and below nearly to the rachis into oblong-rhomboidal blunt
inciso-crenate pinnl., often } in. br. ; tewtwre herbaceous ; rachis naked, slender ;
veinlets of the pinnl. sometimes forked; sori small, linear-oblong, 2 to 12 to a
pinnl.— Athyrium, Moore.

Hab. Guatemala.—Perhaps thie should be joined with the next, but the pinne and
pipunlbs oe much less deeply cut, and the latter so broad that they are slightly
imbricated.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM. 227

188. A. (Athyr.) achilleewfolium, Liebm.; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, grey, scaly
below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinne on
each side, the lower ones 1-1} in. apart, lanceolate-acuminate, 4-6 in. ]., 1 in. br.,
cut throughout to a rachis in. br., into regular erecto-patent, oblong, bluntly-
toothed pinni. 4 in. 1., § in. br. ; tewture herbaceous ; rachis naked, colour dark-
green ; veinlets of the pinnl. simple; sor¢ oblong, often 1 to each lobe of the
pinnules.—Hz. Sp. 3. p. 230.

_Hab. Mexico,—Remarkable for the regularity of the broad wing of the midrib of its
pinne.

189. A. (Athyr.) macrocarpum, Blume; st. 6-9 in. 1, firm, erect, straw-
coloured, scaly below; jr. 12-24 in. 1. 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with
numerous pinne on each side, the lowest 3-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis into numerous oblong-rhomboidal pinnl., which are inciso-
crenate or pinnatifid ; cezture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of segm.
forked ; sori copious, large; invol. oblong-reniform, #-1 lin. br.—Hzk. Sp. 3.
a 222. A. foliolosum, Wall, (in part). A. decipiens, fallax, and puncticaule,

at.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Ceylon, Java, and gathered lately by Dr. Maingay
in the province of Shantung, N. China ; and the Japanese A. Goringianum, Mett., is
probably the same plant with rather sharper teeth.—This has a general habit not unlike
that of Nephrodium spinulosum, with the involucre so nearly reniform that Mr. Moore
places it in Lastrea.

190. A. (Athyr.) nigripes, Blume; st. tufted, 6-12 in. ]., straw-coloured,
erect, scaly below; /r. 12-24 in. ]., 8-12 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous
pinne on each side, the lowest lanceolate, 6-9 in. l., 1-2 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous elliptico-rhomboidal pinnl., which are broadly lobed about
halfway down and the lobes slightly toothed ; teatwre herbaceous ; rachis naked,
straw-coloured ; dateral veins of the segm. forked; sort linear-oblong, often
curved, 1-14 lin. 1., principally in two parallel rows close to the ‘midrib of the
pinnl.—A. gymnogrammoides, Klotzsch. Hk, Sp. 3. p.227. A. costale, Blume,
non Swartz.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, and Japan.—
Very like A. macrocarpum in general habit, but quite different in fruit. A. solenopteris,
Mett., is a form of this, with the pinnules more sharply toothed, and cut down in the
lower part nearly or quite to the rachis ; and there is another plant (var. dissectum, Moore)
with much smaller sori, and the habit of the more finely divided forms of Filix-
Semina,

191. A. (Athyr.) niponicum, Mett.; rhizome creeping, the scales lanceolate,
reddish ; st. 6-12 in. l., glossy, stramineous ; fr. 1 ft. or more l., 6-8 in. br. ; pinne
lanceolate, distinctly stalked, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis below into
oblong-lanceolate unequal-sided pinni., which vary from subentire to deeply
pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both sides naked, often tinged with
purple ; sori copious, the lower ones often quite horseshoe-shaped.—__Mett.. Fil.
ind. 2. p. 240.

Hab. Japan and China.

192. A. (Athyr.) Filir-femina, Bernh.; sf. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect,
straw-cecloure! cr vrow ish, scaly below ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., oblong-lan-
ceolate, with humerous pinne, the lower ones spreading, lanceolate, 3-6 in. 1.,
1-1} in. br., cut down to a compressed winged rachis into lanceolate or ovate-
rhomboidal pinnl., which are again deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture thinly herba-
ceous ; 7achzs naked, slender ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; soré linear-oblong, the
lower ones often curved Hk. Sp. 3. p.217. Brit. F.t. 85.

228 38, ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Madeira, the Canaries, Algiers, Crete, Himalayas(10-12,000 ft.),
Kamschatka, and Japan: Africa—Abyssinia, Natal, Cameroon Mountains (7,000 ft.)
America—Sitka and Labrador to Cuba, Caraccas, and Venezuela. Of the common
European forms 4. Filix-farmina is a large plant with narrow lanceolate deeply pinnatifid
pinnules ; 4. rheticum, Roth, is smaller, with the pinnules broader, and not so deeply
cut; A. molle, Roth, thinner in texture, with oblong rhomboidal pinnules } in. broad ;
and A. latifolium, Bab. (non Presi), a form with the pinnules so broad that they are con-
siderably imbricated. The N. American 4. Martensi, Kunze, and A, Galeotti, Fée, do
not seem safely separable. The E. Indian A. pectinatum, Wall., is very thin in texture,
and has deeply-cut pinnules, with narrow spreading segments. A. tenutfrons, Wall., is
like A. molle, but with the midrib of the pinne and pinnules beset with firm yellow
spines or strigillz ; as is also the case with various Indian, Ceylonese, and Javan forms,
with narrower, more slender, and more straggling pinne and pinnules,—as A. gracile,
Don; A. stramineum, J. Sm.; A. tenellum, Wall. ; A. proliferum, Moore ; and the
S. American A. Dombcyi, Desv., and A. incisum, Fée. Plants from Vancouver's Island
and the Rocky Mountains have round sori, with slightly developed ovate involucres ;
and a plant found by Mr. Stansfield in Yorkshire, very delicate in texture and bright-
green in colour, with pinnules quite cut down to the rachis into linear-lanceolate seg-
ments, which are again deeply incised, produces involucres only very rarely, and is the
Phegopteris plumosa of J. Smith (B. and F. Ferns, p. 269).

193. A. (Athyr.) ozyphyllum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1., straw-coloured,
clothed at the base with large’ lanceolate-acuminate reddish-brown scales ; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., lanceolate, with several distant pinnw on each side, which
are 4-8 in. L, 1-2 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, sometimes auricled on the upper
side, in the larger forms again pinnatifid, teeth mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous 5
rachis firm, naked, straw-coloured ; veins regularly pinnated ; sord in two rows
on the pinne or pinnl. midway between the midrib and edge; imvol. oblong-
eae Sp. 3. p. 221. A. drepanopteron, A. Br. Lastrea eburnea,

» Sin.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 7,000 ft.), Java, and Japan.—The midrib of the pinne
on the upper side is often spinulose. This is as variable as A. Filia-femina in size and
cutting, but the texture is rigid, and the involucre much more like that of Lastrea,

194, A. (Athyr.) aspidioides, Schlecht. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stramimeous,
slender, naked, except at the base; /7. 1-2 ft. 1. 8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid,
tripinnatifid ; dower pinne 6-8 in. 1., lanceéolate-deltoid; pinni. lanceolate, cut
down below nearly to the rachis into inciso-pinnatifid ovate segm. 2 lin. br. 5
texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both surfaces naked ; rachis stra-
mineous, slender; sord copious, oblong, the lower ones curved.—f, A. scan-.
dicinum, Presl; fr. larger and more finely cut; segm. deeply pinnatifid,
with narrow linear divisions, the whole breadth of which the sori some-
times occupy. — A. multisectum, Brack Hk. Sp. 3. p, 228, A. laxum,
P;

Hab. Ecuador, Sandwich Isles, Neilgherries, Madagascar, Fernando Po, Cape Colony,
—The extremes differ widely, but some of Dr. Spruce’s American examples quite cor-
respond with the Cape and H, Indian plant.

195, A. (Athyr.) drevisorum, Wall. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., erect, slender, naked,
greyish ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 9-18 in. br.; lower pinne 1 ft. or more 1. ; pinnl, lan-
ceolate, distant, 2-3 in. L, 1-1} in. br.; segm. lanceolate, # in. 1, 2 lin. br.
deeply and sharply toothed ; teature herbaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of
the segments forked ; soré small, 6-12 toa segm., in two rows near the midrib,
the lower ones curved, often double—Hz, Sp. 3. p. 229.

Hab. Ava and Mishmee, and gathered lately in the Sandwich Islands by Dr. Hille-
brand,—Like A. achilleefolium in cutting, but much larger and more compound.

196. A. (Athyr.) conchatum, Moore ; st. 2 ft. or more l, stout, erect; fr. 3-4

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 229

ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinne lanceolate, 9-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous
lanceolate pinn?. on each side, which are cut down to a winged rachis into
linear-oblong spreading inciso-crenate segm. #-lin. 1., in. br. ; evture herba-
ceous ; veins one to each tooth; sorz short, oblong, in two oblique rows near the
midrib 5 zxvol, brown, subcoriaceous, persistent.—H&. Sp. 8. p. 281.

Hab. West Indies:.—We include here four species of Fée —his Athyr. conchatum
and Hypochlamys pectinata, Tussaci, and squamilosa. His genus Hypochlamys is charac-
terized by having the sori on the lower side of the vein and the involucre opening
towards it.

197. A. (Athyr.) fimbriatum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1, firm, erect, clothed
below with dark-brown scales ; /r. 2-4 ft. ]., 12-18 in. br. ; dower pinne 6-12 in,
1, 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate; segm. subdeltoid, distinctly stalked, deeply
and sharply inciso-pinnatifid, with mucronate teeth; zestwre herbaceous but
firm ; rachis strong, naked ; sori close, copious, broadly oblong ; znvol. oblong or
subreniform, convex.—Hk&. Sp. 8. p. 284.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 8-9,000 ft.—Distinguished by its‘large compound habit,
firm texture, and subreniform involucre.

198. A. (Athyr.) umbrosum, J. Sm.; st. 1 ft. or more 1, strong, erect,
brownish, clothed below with dark scales ; fr. 3-5 ft. L, 12-18 in. br.; pinne
ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1, 3-6 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, close, cut down to
the rachis into numerous unequal-sided elliptico-rhomboidal lobes, 3-4.in. 1.,
2 lin. br., which are deeply inciso-crenate ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-
green ; veims pinnate ; sor? close, copious, oblong; invol. large, tumid, mem-
branous.—Allantodia, &. Br. A. australe, Brack, Hk. Sp. 8. p. 282.

Hab. Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Guinea Coast, Himalayas (ascending to 6-8,000 ft.),
to Ceylon, Java, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.—I cannot point out any cha-
racter to distinguish the Australian from the Madeiran plant. The Javan A. muricatum,
Mett., has a muricated stem. This differs from the species retained in Allantodia by
the involucre bursting not in the middle, but along the edge, as in the other species of
Asplenium.

199. A. (Athyr.) woodwardioides, Baker; st. firm, erect, naked, dark
chesnut-brown ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 8 in. br.,
pinnl, lanceolate, slightly stalked, 14 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down two-thirds of the
way to the rachis into linear-oblong subtfaleate finely-toothed lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 4-5
veinlets on a side, the upper ones forked; sori oblong, confined to the lower -
lobes close to the midrib and not reaching more than halfway to the edge.—
Brachysorus, Presi. Allantodia sylvatica, Blume. Athyr. basilare, Fée. Dipl.
brevisorum, J. Sm. :

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 153 ; Java, Blume.—Resembles in habit A. polypodioides.

__. §$§§§ Diplazium, Srertz. Veins free, the sori and involucres extending to
both sides of some oy trem. Sp. 200-263. Fig. 38. f.

* Frond sinyple, entire or very nearly so. Sp. 200-202.

200. A. (Dipl.) Janceum, Thunb. ; st. scattered, 4-6 in. 1., slightly fibrillose ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1, #1 in. br., attenuated gradually upwards and downwards, the
edge entire or slightly undulated ; texture coriaceous ; veins pinnated, all reach-
ing the edge ; soré linear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, but not to the
a he Sp. 8. p. 235. A. subsinuatum, Hk. & Gr. Jc. t. 27. Triblemma,

. Smith,

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, China, and Japan.

230 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM,

201. A. (Dipl.) subserratum, Blume ; st. scattered, 1-2 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 14 in. br., narrowed gradually towards each end, sometimes rounded at the
base, the edge towards the point bluntly crenated ; ¢eatwre thinly herbaceous, satiny ;
veins pinnated ; sori linear, reaching the midrib, but not the edge.—Hé&. Sp. 3.
p. 236. t. 164. B,

Hab. Java and Penang.

202. A. (Dipl.) plantagineum, L. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, 6-9 in. l.; /r. 6-9 in. 1,
2-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the base rounded, the edge slightly undulato-
dentate upwards, sometimes lobed towards the base ; ¢eature coriaceous ; veins
pinnated ; sori slender, linear, sometimes nearly touching both edge and midrib.

, Hk. Sp. 8. p. 287.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies southward to Brazil.
** Fronds linear-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis at the base. Sp. 208.

203. A. (Dipl.) zeylanicum, Hk. ; sé. scattered, 4-8 in. 1, firm, erect, scaly
throughout ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., the point acuminated, the apex slightly
lobed, the lower two-thirds more deeply so, and the base quite down to the rachis ;
lobes blunt, 3-4 in. across ; teature herbaceous ; veins pinnate ; sori linear, 2-3
lin. 1.—HE&. Sp. 8. p. 237. Ind Cent. t. 16.

Hak. Ceylon, Gardner, Thwaites.
*&* Fronds with the lower half or three-quarters pinnate. Sp. 204-235.
+ Pinnee entire, or very slightly lobed. Sp. 204-217.

204. A. (Dipl.) camarinum, Baker ; st. and rachis dull-brown, naked; jr.
oblong, simply pinnate, 1-14 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br.; pénnw 8-12-jugate, distant,
stalked, linear-ligulate, acute crenate, 4-6 in, 1., 4-% in. br., rather reduced on
lower side, rounded on both sides at base, lowest not reduced ; ¢extwre mem-
branous; surfaces naked, dull-green ; veins distinct, in close little-ascending
pairs, anterior simple, posterior forked ; sor? reaching from costa to edge; znv.
persistent, $ lin. br.

Hab, South Camarines, Cuming.

205. A. (Dipl.) pallidum, Blume ; st, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-12 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinnew on each side, the lower ones stalked,
1-13 in. apart, 3-6 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the
base rounded, especially on the upper side, the edge often sharply toothed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins once or twice forked ; soré in regular lines from the midrib
very nearly to the edge.—Hz&. Sp. 3. p. 288.

Hab. Philippines, and Malayan Peninsula and Isles,

206. A. (Dipl.) porrectum, Wall. ; st. 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, brownish ; fr. 9-18 in. 1,
6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, with numerous horizontal pimn@ on each side, the lower -
ones stalked, 3-4 in. L, 3 in. br., the point rather blunt, the upper ones subentire,
except that the base on both sides is distinctly auricled, the edge in the lower ones
bluntly lobed, sometimes one-third to halfway down, the base narrowed suddenly ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins simple or once forked ; soré in
regular parallel rows extending from the midrib to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 250.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles—This comes very near to the last in texture, and

is probably A. crenato-serratum, Blume. ,

38, ASPLENIUM, §{§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 231

207. A. (Dipl.) cwtratum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, grey, naked ; /r. 6-9 in. L.,
8-4 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, the lower two-thirds pinnate, with 3-5 pinne on
each side, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 2 in. 1., Zin. br., the point acute,
rather falcate, the edge nearly entire, both sides narrowed suddenly, and the upper
one auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins twice forked ; soré linear,
slender, reaching the edge but not the midrib.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 247.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 199.

208. A. (Dipl.) pinnatifido-pinnatum, Hk.; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ;
Jr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a deltoid apex deeply lobed below, and 3-4 pinne
on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., the point acute, the edge sharply
but not deeply toothed, the base cuneate on both sides ; texture coriaceous ; veins
obscure, copiously pinnated ; sord irregular, beginning at the midrib, but falling
far short of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 238.

Hab. Mishmee, Grifith.In texture and dulness of colour this resembles the last
species and A. Brackenridgit.

209. A. (Dipl.) Seemannii, Baker ; sé. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, dark-brown,
naked ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4 in. br., lanceolate, with 12-20 pinne on each side, the
lower ones horizontal, subsessile, 2 in. 1., 3-$ in. br., the point acute, the edge
slightly lobed below, the base slightly cordate on both sides, the upper side
auricled ; tezture herbaceous ; veins dark-green, 2-3 to a group ; sori reaching
from the midrib quite to the edge. Diplazium, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 337. :

Hab. Darien, Seemann.—This has the texture and pellucid venation of A. grandifolium,
but the whole plant and pinne are much smaller, with veins only twice forked, and sori
running up on the unbranched fork to the edge.

210. A. (Dipl.) bantamense, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ;
Jr. 9-18 in. 1., with a large terminal pinna and 1 to 4 pairs of lateral ones, which
are 6-8 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., both ends narrowed, the edge very nearly entire ;
texture coriaceous ; veins 3-5 to agroup ; sorz slender, irregular, nearly touching
both edge and midrib.—Diplazium, Bi. A. fraxinifolium, Wall, Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 240. 2nd Cent. t. 19.—B, A. alternifolium, Mett.; pinne broader, rounded at
the base; lower veins not reaching the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 289.

Hab. Himalayas, Hong-Kong, Malaccas, Borneo, Aneiteum.—Probably a free-veined
form of A, lineolatum.

211. A. (Dipl.) Lechleré, Mett. ; st. 2-8 ft. L, stout, erect, slightly scaly towards
the base ; /r. 3 ft. 1., with numerous pinne@ 1 ft. or more 1., 23-3 in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge slightly toothed towards the point, the base rounded equally
on both sides ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis strong, erect ; veins simple, close,
parallel ; sort beginning at the midrib, but falling short of the edge-—HE Sp. 3.
p. 244 (in part). VD. paralleogrammum, Fée,

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2269 ; Rio Negro, Spruce, 3832; Essequibo, Appun, 186.

212, A. (Dipl.) Callipteris, Baker ; sé. 1 ft. or more l., strong, erect, brownish ;
/r. 2-3 ft. 1, with numerous pinne@ 9-12 in. 1., 2-23 in. br., the point acuminate,
the margin toothed only towards the point, the base rounded equally on both
sides, the lower ones stalked ; teatwre coriaceous ; colour bright-green 3 veins 5-6
to a group ; sort beginning at the midrib, and reaching nearly to the edge.—Dipla-
zium, Fée, Gen. Fil. 214, Fil. Ant. tab. 10. jig. 2. :

Hab. Cuba, Linden ; Guadeloupe, LZ’ Herminier ; Tarapota, Peru, Spruce, 4760.—This
rivals Lechlert in size and texture, differing totally in venation,

213. A. (Dipl.) grandifollwin, “vw. 5 st. 1 ft. or more 1, frm, erect, naked or

232 38, ASPLENIUM, §$§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

scaly below, ebeneous ; /r. 2-8 ft. ]., 9-12 in. br., the point innatifid, with 12-20
pinne on each side, the lower ones 2 in. or more apart, istinctly stalked, 4-6
in. L., 1-14 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge slightly toothed, and sometimes
broadly lobed below, the base equally rounded on both sides 3 texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; rachis firm, erect, naked 3 veins pinnated, pel-
lucid, about 5 at the edge to a group ; sord iryegular, falling slightly short of
both midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 241.

Hab. Cuba to Ecuador and Brazil, and we cannot distinguish a plant from the Ladrones
gathered by Capt: Carmichael.—The sori are sometimes scarcely at all double, and then
this comes near A. oligophyllum.

214, A. (Dipl.) flavescens, Mett. ; sf. 1 ft. or more l., firm, erect, brownish,
nearly naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with a large terminal and 10-16 lateral
pinne, the lower ones sessile or slightly stalked, 4-8 in, 1., 13-2 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge subentire or slightly toothed, the base narrowed or
rounded equally on both sides ; éewtue papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; colour
bright-green ; rachis firm, erect, naked ; veintets dark-green, 3-4 in a group ; ‘sore
falling slightly short of both edge and margin.—A. juglandifolium, H&, Sp. 3.
p. 242, Fil, Bx. t. 242 (not Lam.).

Hab. Cuba southward to Peru.—A larger and usually more coriaceous plant than the
last, with a sub-arborescent caudex. A. Roemerianum, Kze, (A. caucense, Karst.), is a
variety with laxer veins and pinne slightly toothed.

215. A. (Dipl.) rhoifolium, Mett. ; st. firm, erect, 1 ft. 1, naked; fr. 2-3 ft. 1,
12-15 in. br., with a pinnatifid apex and 10-20 pinne on each side, the lowest
on stalks 4 in. 1., the pinna 6-8 in. 1., }-1 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
subentire, the base on both sides rounded ; tezture subcoriaceous; rachés and
both sides naked ; veins 5-6 in a cluster, the sori reaching nearly to the edge ;
énvol, narrow, thin.—Mett. Aspl. p. 178. A. sambucifolium, Presi.

Hab. New Granada.—A. Triane, Mett. Fil. N. G. p. 233, is said to differ from this by
its opposite pinnee with a cordate base and toothed involucre. This has the texture of
A. celtidifolium, but the pinne are more numerous and narrower, with the fruit prolonged
almost to the edge.

216. A. (Dipl.) celtidifolium, Kunze ; st. strong, erect, 1 ft. or more l., brownish,
paleaceous below ; /r. 2-4 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with a pinnatifid apex and numerous
pinne on each side, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 6-9 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge subentire or slightly toothed, sometimes with short
blunt lobes $ in. deep, the -base rounded or cordate on both sides ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis firm, often slightly fibrillose ; veins pinnated, the same colour
as the frond, 4-6 in a group ; sorz beginning at the midrib, but falling short of
the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 240.

Hab. Cuba and Columbia to Ecuador and Brazil.—D. crenulans, Fée, from Guade-
loupe, is probably a form. Our specimen has coriaceous pinnz bluntly lobed throughout
to a depth of 3 in., and 8-10 veins in a group. The Javan and Philippine A. Lobbcanum
(Hk. Sp. 3. p, 244 ; 2nd Cent. t. 17) agrees with this very nearly.

217. A. (Dipl.) sylvaticum, Pres] ; caud. decumbent ; st. 1 ft. 1., firm, erect,
brownish, nakec, scaly at the base; /r. 1-2 ft. 1, 4-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
with numerous spreading pinnae, the largest 3-4 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., the point
acuminated, the edge broadly lobed to a depth of 3-1 lin., and the base nar-
rowed suddenly on both sides; teature thin, herbaceous; rachis firm, erect,
naked ; veins fine, pinnated in the lobes, 5-7 to a group ; soré in long slender
lines reaching nearly to the edge.-—ZH&. Sp. 3. p. 248, (in part) Beddome, Fil.
S. Ind, t. 161.

i 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 233

Hab. Mauritius, Fernando Po, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, Java, Borneo,
Samoa,—Of forms included here differing slightly from the type, the Malayan A. Prescott-
tanum, Wall., has the pinnz rather mere deeply lobed towards the base in the lower
part of the frond ; the Ceylonese A. elatwm, Mett. (C. P. 1849), and a similar plant from
the Sandwich Islands and Borneo, have them lobed throughout to a depth of } in., the
lobes subangular and toothed ; D. proliferum, Brack., from Tahiti, is said to have oblong-
lanceolate bluntly-serrated pinne, auricled on the upper and truncate on the lower side
at the base ; and we cannot separate clearly the American A. Ottonis, mutilum, and
Blanchetii, and Regel’s D. Katzerz.

** Pinne more deeply lobed, generally from half to two-thirds of the way down to
the rachis in the lower part. Sp. 218-236..

218. A. (Dipl.) Wichure, Mett. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. }-4 in.
apart, 6-12 in. 1, stramineous, slightly scaly at the base ; fr. 1 ft. or more lL,
6-8 in. br., with numerous pimn@ on each side, the lower ones stalked, 3-4 in. 1.,
3-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge toothed, sometimes lobed, auricled near
the base on the upper side, obliquely truncate on the lower side ; texture her-
baceous ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sord not reaching the edge.—Mett. Fil. Ind. 2.

p. 287.

Hab. Japan.—Very near the next in size and cutting, but the rhizome decumbent
and elongated,

219. A. (Dipl.) arboreum, Willd.; sé. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish,
scaly below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with numerous pinne@ on each side,
the lower ones stalked, 3-4 in. 1., $-3in. br., the point acute or acuminate, the
edge bluntly but not deeply lobed, except at the base on the upper side, where
there is either a distinct auricle or a lobe; which sometimes reaches down to
the rachis, the lower side narrower than the upper, and very obliquely trun-
cate at the base ; ¢exture herbaceous ; veins pinnate in the lobes; sori falling
considerably short of the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 246. D. auriculatum, Kaul/.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela.—Willdenow named this under a wrong impression
as to the habit, which is not arboreous, It comes very near the next, but is less deeply
lobed and more distinctly auriculate.

220. A, (Dipl.) Shepherdi, Spreng. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
scaly below ; fr. 12-18 in. |, 6-9 in. br., with numerous pinn@ on each side,
the lower ones stalked, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
lobed above, the lobes at the base sometimes reaching down to the rachis, } in. br.,
and somewhat toothed ; ¢extwre herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; raches rather
slender, greenish, naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sorz long, linear, not reach-
ing the edge.—A. striatum, Linn. Herb., Hk. Sp. 3. p. 245.—B, A. gs eagle
Mett. ; feature firm, colour duller ; yinne much acuminated ; the lobes deeper
more uniform and falcate, the two sides unequal, the lower one unequally trun
cate at the base. A. Schiedei, Mett.—y, A. caracasanum, Willd. ; habit slender ;
texture herbaceous ; lobes deep, narrow, bluntly toothed ; sort in rows distant
from the midrib, touching the edge. D. chlororachis, Kze.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and S. Brazil.—The application of the name striatum,
founded on two vague figures of Plumier, is so various, that it seems best to discontinue
it. D. coarctatum, Link, from Brazil, differs only from our typical plant by its less
deeply lobed pinnz, the upper ones being subentire, with some of the sori reaching from
the midrib nearly to the edge.

221. A. (Dipl.) semihastatum, Kze. ; st. 6-9 in. 1, slender, naked, greenish ;
Jr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, only the lower part pinnate ; most
of the pimne simple, oblong, and auricled, the lowest stalked, and 1 in. below
the next, 2 in. ]., 1 in. br., the point blunt, the edge toothed and ent down nearly
or quite to the rachis into spathulate pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender,

26

234 38, ASPLENIUM, §§$$§§ DIPLAZIUM.

naked ; soré reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.—A. cubense, Hk. Sp. 8
p. 253, t. 207.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1032-3.—This comes nearest A. arboreum, but is smaller and
more delicate, with the lowest pinnules subdeltoid, and often reaching quite down to the
rachis below on both sides.

222. A. (Dipl.) longifolium, Don ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, érect, scaly below ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, below this 12-18 pairs of falcate
pinne, the lower ones stalked, 2-3 in. 1., 2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
lobed, and the lobes sharply and finely serrated, the two sides unequal, the
upper distinctly auricled, and the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; éeatwre
herbaceous ; veins fine, 6 or more in a group ; sord falling considerably short of
the edge.—A. lobulosum, Waill., Ak. Sp, 8. p, 252. ‘

Hab. Himalayas,

223. A. (Dipl.) Brackenridgei, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, greyish, naked ; /r.
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, below this 6-9 panne on each side,
the lower ones 1-2 in. apart, and distinctly stalked, 4-5 in. 1., nearly 1 in. br., the
point acuminate, sharply serrated, the edge cut down one-third of the way to
the rachis into blunt incised lobes } in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm,
grey, naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; soré in long lines reaching to the
edge.—D. bulbiferum, Brack. t.18. D. extensum, J. Sm. (én part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 338, 388 ; Fiji, Seemann, 825, Milne, 69, 806.—This differs
from sylvaticum by its broader and distinctly stalked pinnz of firm texture, which are
often proliferous from the axils.

224, A. (Dipl.) tomentosum, Hk. (not Mett.) ; sf. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey,
deciduously coated with fine short brown tomentum ; 7”. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, with numerous close-placed lanceolate pinnw, the lower pair
deflexed, those next in order horizontal, 2-8 in. 1, $ in. br., the point acute,
the edge cut down regularly throughout into oblong-falcate lobes 4 in. br., which
reach one-half or two-thirds of the way down to the rachis, the base narrowed
suddenly ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; rachis finely tomentose ; both surfaces naked
except the veins beneath ; veins 8-4 on each side in the lobes; soré linear,
touching the edge but not the midrib.— Hd, Sp. 8. p. 249.

Hab. Khasia and Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—In size and texture this corresponds
with porrectwm. It is the original D. tomentoswm of Blume, according to an authentic
specimen, but not the much more hairy A. tomentosum of Mettenius, which is our
A. lasiopteris.

225. A. (Dipl.), Sprucei, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., dark-brown, firm, erect,
nearly naked; /r.9-15 in. 1.,3 in. br.,narrowly ovate-lanceolate, the apex pinnatifid,
below this 15-20 pairs of spreading pinne 1-1} in. 1., 4-2 in. br., the point rather
plunt, the edge lobed in the lower part halfway down to the rachis, the lobes
2-3 lin. br., inciso-crenate, the base narrowed suddenly on both sides ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; colowr very dark-green ; rachis angular, channelled and
slightly winged ; veins distantly pinnate, only 2-83 simple veinlets on each side
_ in the lower lobes ; soré reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce, 5846.—A well-marked plant, which from
its colour and texture evidently grows in very damp places.

226. A. (Dipl.) japonicum, Thunb. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; sf. 6-12
in. 1., straw-coloured or brownish, slightly scaly towards the base; fr. 9-15
in. 1, 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with 8-10 rather distant pinne below the
pinnatifid apex, the lower ones sessile, 3-4 in. ]., 2-1 in. br., cut down in the lower
parts two-thirds of the way to the rachis into close oblong slightly-toothed lobes

3S. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 235

Zin. br. ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces bright-green, nearly naked ; rachis
slender, straw-coloured, nearly naked ; veins about 6 on each side in the lower
lobes, with sori on each reaching two-thirds of the way to the edge, the lowest
din. 1.; invol. broad, brown, tumid.—A. Schkuhrii, Hz, Sp. 3. p. 251.—B, Oldhami ;
jr. smaller, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 2-8 in. br. ; rachis straw-coloured, polished, naked ;
pinne 1-14 in. 1., blunt ; Zobes blunt, only 3 veins on a side in each.—y, cor'eanum ;
Jr. the same size as in 8, but only the lower half pinnate, the rachis and stem
rather chaffy and villose.

Hab. Japan, China, Formosa, Himalayas—The Samoan and Fijian D. congruum,
Brack, t. 18, comes very near to this. In a specimen from Mr. Powell, the substance is
very thin, the rachis naked, the lobes } in. deep, } in. br., veinlets 5-6 on each side, most
of them again forked ; and a similar plant grows in the Sandwich Islands.

227. A. (Dipl.) Thwaitesit, A. Br.; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6 in. ]., slender,
green, densely clothed with strong white woolly hairs ; /r. 1 ft. L, 4 in. br., with
8-10 distant pinne beneath the pinnatifid apex, the largest 2 in. |., 3 in. br., cut
down two-thirds of the way to the rachis in oblong crenulated lobes } in. deep,
2 lin. across ; rachis flaccid, villose like the stem ; texture herbaceous ; colour pale-
green, and both surfaces also villose ; vezms 4 on each side in a lobe, simple ; soré
reaching halfway to the edge, the lowest about a line long.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 250.
2nd Cent. t. 45.

Hab. Ceylon.—Intermediate between the preceding and following.

228. A. (Dipl.) lasiopteris, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm,
erect, dark-coloured, villose ; fr. 15-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with 8-10 pinn@ on each
side below the pinnatifid apex, the largest 3-4 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., the lower lobes
cut down nearly or quite to the rachis, wt in. deep, ie br., the point obtuse, the
edge distinctly crenate ; ¢eztwre herbaceous, the dark-coloured rachis and dark-
green frond villose on both sides ; veinlets 5-6 on each side, simple ; lower soré
din. 1—Diplazium, Kunze, Linnea, vol. 17. p. 568. A. tomentosum, Met. (xon
Ht.). A. Peterseni, Kunze teste Kuhn, older name.

Hab. Canton, Java, and the Neilgherries, well figured by Beddome, t. 160.—This is
the D. decussatum of English gardens ; but our original specimen from Wallich is A. japo-
nicum. It comes near the two preceding, and the three are well marked by the character
of the rhizome.

229. A. (Dipl.) speciosum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more l., firm, erect, straw-
coloured or brownish, nearly naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., with 10-20 pairs
of pinn@ below the pinnatifid apex, the lower ones often stalked, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1}
in. br., the apex much acuminated, the edge lobed, the lobes reaching down two-
thirds of the way to the rachis or more, close, } in. br., slightly toothed, the base
truncate or slightly cuneate ; texture herbaceous but firm ; rachis erect, naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes ; sord slender, reaching nearly to the edge——Diplazium,
Blume. A. acuminatum, Wall., Met. (non H. é A.).

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippines, Java, Hong-Kong.—This is nearest A. sorzo-
gonense, but the lobes are broader and not so deep, more herbaceous in texture, and dis-
tinctly toothed. A plant from Fiji comes very near this, but the pinne are fewer, thinner,
the lower ones distinctly stalked, and the lobes broader ; and one from Richmond River,
Australia, sent by Dr. Mueller, only differs by the lobes being rather broader and shallower.
A specimen of Blume’s plant from Miquel quite agrees with Wallich’s examples of
acuminatum.

230. A. (Dipl.) Welwitschiz, Hk. MSS. ; sf. 1 ft. or more l., firm, erect, straw-
coloured, naked ; fr. 18 in. 1., 9 in. br., the lower pinne 6-7 in. 1., 1-1} in. br.,
the point acuminate, the edge slightly lobed above, cut down in the lower part
half or two-thirds of the way to the rachis ; the dobes not quite contiguous, 2 in. br.,
nearly entire, the base sessile, truncate ; texture herbaceous ; veins distantly pin-

236 38, ASPLENIUM, §§§$§ DIPLAZIUM.

nate in the lobes, with the lower veinlets branched ; sord short, slender, distant
from both edge and midrib.

Hab. Angola, Welwitsch, 100.—This comes nearest the preceding in habit, but the
lobes are broader and the sori remarkably short.

231. A. (Dipl.) crenulatum, Baker ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
12-18 in. 1, firm, erect, hardly at all scaly below, but slightly furfuraceous ; jr.
2-3 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., with 15-20 pinne on each side below the pinnatifid apex,
the largest 6-8 in. 1, 1-1} in br., the point acuminate, the edge cut down in the
lower part half or two-thirds of the distance to the rachis ; lobes oblong, 4 in. L.,
4 lin. br., slightly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, nearly naked ; veins
6-8 on a side in each lobe ; lowest sori 4 in. ]—D.-crenulatum, Liebm. A. stria-
tum, Mett. Aspl. p. 186. and Griseb. (non Hk.). A. dubium, H&. (in part).

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador.—We take our description here from a
plant grown at Kew, with which Liebman’s specimens and the description of Mettenius
quite correspond. In the typical plant the pinne are not more than pinnatifid, but in
Grisebach’s striatum B and Liebman’s D. amplum, the lower segments are distinctly
separated, 14-2 in. 1., 4 in. br., and broadly inciso-crenate, and the lower sori 2 lin. 1.
The W. Indian D, grammitoides, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 11, is a compound variety with a
thin involucre. =

232. A. (Dipl.) Lindbergii, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1-14 ft. 1, dark reddish-brown,
firm, erect, scaly at the base ; /r. 18-24 in. 1, 9-12 in. br., the apex pinnatifid,
below this about 12 pinne@ on each side, the lowest 6-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge cut about halfway down into close subimbricated blunt inciso-
crenated lobes 4 in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis reddish-brown, naked ; veins
copiously pinnated, veinlets 6-8 on each side ; soré slender, confined to the inne
half of the lobes, and not touching the midrib ; énvol. very narrow and tender,
almost abortive.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 286. A. subnudum, Karst.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil.—Not unlike the preceding in habit, but sori and involucre
peculiar,

233. A. (Dipl.) sorzogonense, Presl ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., densely fibrillose below ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br., with numerous pinne on each side, the lower ones sessile,
4-6 in 1., 1 in. br., cut down regularly throughout two-thirds of the way down
to the rachis into spreading blunt subentire /obes about 2 lin. br. ; feature herba-
ceous ; rachis slightly fibrillose ; veinlets of the lobes simple, with sori in regular
rows reaching from the midrib to the edge.—H&. Sp. 3. p. 252. Hypochlamys, Fée.

Hab. Himalayas (to 8-10,000 ft.), Philippines, and Malaccas.—Nearest A. speciosum,
but the lobes narrower and deeper, with parallel edges and a space between them. A
plant from Borneo has a very fibrillose rachis, and the lobes of the lower pinne quite
distinct, 14 in. lL, 4 in. br.

234. A. (Dipl.) costale, Swartz; st. 1 ft. or more |., tufted, stout, erect 5/7.
ample, the apex pinnatifid, with oblong entire lobes, the lower part copiously
pinnate, with pinne often 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., cut down half or two-thirds of the
way down to the rachis into blunt slightly inciso-serrated lobes $-} in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veinlets of the lobes usually once forked, with broad copious
sort which fall considerably short of the edge.—, A. Desvauzii, Mett. ; lobes of
the pinnee acute, sometimes reaching down nearly to the rachis, 2 in. 1., 1 in. br.
—LHk. Sp. 3. p. 254. D. Apollinaris, Fée, Fil. Ant. tab. 10. fig. 1.

Hab. West Indies southward to Peru.—This differs from all the preceding by its very
large pinn and lobes. The extremes of the two forms look very different, but are
connected by intermediate stages.

235. A. (Dipl.) Franconis, Mett.; st. 1 ft. 1, firm, tufted, erect, greyish, scaly
below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 9-15 in. br., with numerous inne on each side, the lower

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 2a

ones 6-8 in. 1.,much acuminated at the apex, cut down in the lower half into distinct
pinnl. 14-2 in. 1., $ in. br., lanceolate, unequal-sided, faleate, the edge cut halfway
down below into oblong sharply-toothed lobes, the lower side obliquely truncate ;
texture herbaceous but firm ; colour bright-green ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of
the pinnl. pinnate in the lower lobes ; sorz in parallel rows in the pinnl, not
reaching the edge.—Hk&. Sp. 3. p. 261.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Ecuador.—The West Indian plant is larger (2-3 ft. 1)
and more compound, with lower pinnz 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in, br., with numerous distinct
stalked sub-distant lanceolate pinnl., cut down below into crenated oblong lobes nearly
to the rachis.

*82% Fronds copiously bipinnate. Sp. 286-259.

236. A. (Dipl.) deltoideum, Presl; st. 6in.1., slender, erect, ebeneous below,
naked ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 9 in. br., deltoid, with a few distant pinne@ on each side, the
lowest ovate-deltoid, 5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down in the lower half into distinct
stalked pinnl. 1-14 in. 1., } in. br., which are bluntly lobed below two-thirds of
the way down ; tezture herbaceous ; rachises naked, those of the pinnze ebeneous ;
veins pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori reaching the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 256.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 29.—Caudex unknown.

287. A. (Dipl.) virescens, Mett. ; rhizome creeping ; scales blackish, lanceolate-
subulate ; st. 6 in. l., straw-coloured ; 7/7. 1 ft. 1., deltoid, bipinnate below the
middle ; dower pinne 8 in. |., 3 in. br., pinnate below the centre ; piznl. 14 in. 1.,
4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenato-lobate, the base narrowed
suddenly ; rachis slender ; texture thin ; colour pale-green ; veins pinnate in the
lower lobes, with 1-3 veinlets on each side; sor? oblong, small, nearer to the
midrib than the edge.— Hh. Sp. 3. p. 261.

Hab. Japan, Goring, Buerger.

238. A. (Dipl.) sguamigerum, Mett.; st. 6 in. or more L, straw-coloured,
slender, with small scattered nearly black lanceolate scales throughout; fr.
12-15 in. 1., by nearly as broad, deltoid ; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 2-24 in. br.,
pinnate except at the apex ; pinni. 14 in. 1., Zin. br., the point blunt, the edge
broadly lobed, the lower lobes ¢ in. br., entire; texture herbaceous ; rachis
slender, stramineous, chaffy below ; veins subflabellate, the lower veinlets of the
lobes with one or two lateral curved forks on each side; sori linear, curved,
falling far short of the edge, the lowest 2 lin. 1—WMett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 289.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, Siebold, Robinson.

239. A. (Dipl.) chinense, Baker; st. 1 ft.1., slender, greyish, nearly naked ;
fr. 12-16 in, 1., nearly as br., deltoid, bipinnate except at the very apex ; lower
pinne long-stalked, 3-5 in. 1., 2-25 in. br., with numerous close lanceolate pinnl.
on each side, the lower ones 1-13 in. l., $-g in. br., the point acute, the edge cut
down to a winged rachis below into deeply-toothed oblong segm. 4 lin. L,
2 lin. br.; teature herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked, substramineous; veins
pinnate, 4-5 lateral simple veinlets on each side in the lower segm. ; sori linear,
not reaching the edge.

Hab. Shanghai, China, Dr. Maingay, 475.

240. A. (Dipl.) nervosum, Mett.; fr. ample, bipinnate ; lower pinne stalked,
12-18 in. 1, 6 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate ; pinnl. close, patent, 3-4 in. 1.,
2 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, only toothed, the base
truncate ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachises densely scaly, the scales of the main
one § in. 1, lingulate-acuminate, the edge subciliated ; lower surface clothed

238 38, ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

with dense adpressed hairs; veinlets forked in the upper, subpinnate in the
lower lobes ; soré reaching from midrib more than halfway to the edge.—Mett.
Fil, Nov. Gran. p. 235.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 293, 1015.—Distinguished by its vestiture and large
scarcely-toothed pinnules,

241, A. (Dipl.) venulosum, Baker; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
strong, 4 ft.1., the base clothed with linear dark-brown scales nearly 1 in. 1;
fr. 4-5 ft. 1., 2-8 ft. br., with about 20 pairs of pinnw, the lowest 12-18 in. 1,
4-6 in. br.; lower pinnl. 8 in. 1., 4 in. br., with their own breadth between them,
the edge only slightly inciso-serrate ; teztwre subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; veins very distinct, the upper ones of the pinnl. forked, the lower
ones subpinnate ; sord reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5848.—This agrees with the preceding in its large
subentire pinnules, differing in vestiture,

242, A. (Dipl.) cyatheefolium, Bory ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. firm,
erect, dark-brown, nearly naked ; fr. 18-24 in. 1, 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinne
9 in. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lower two-thirds into numerous
pinnl. on each side, the lower ones 13 in. 1., 4 in. br., the upper ones inciso-
crenate, the lower ones cut down one-third of the distance to the rachis into
oblong, falcate, sharply-toothed lobes ; tewtwre herbaceous ; rachis dark-brown,
naked, like the stem; veins pinnate, with 3-4 veinlets on each side in the lower
eke sori falling considerably short of the edge.—D. caudatum, J. Sm. fide

ettenius.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 158, and, according to Mettenius, a plant also of Ualan and
New Guinea.—A somewhat doubtful species, of which our description is taken from
Cuming’s specimens,

243. A. (Dipl.) Meyenianum, Mett.; jr. ample, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne
lanceolate-oblong, 15 in. 1., 9 in. br. ; lower pinnl. 4% in. 1., 1 in. br., stalked,
oblong-acuminate, cut down below into crenate oblong-obtuse segm., 4 in. l.,
din, br., the lower ones subcordate at the base, the upper ones decurrent with a
narrow wing ; textwre herbaceous, under surface glossy ; veins 4-5 on each side,
the lower one branched; sori copious, reaching from the midrib nearly to the
edge.—Mett. Aspl. p. 189.

Hab. Manila, Meyen.—Our single specimen of this is very imperfect, and our descrip-
tion is taken in part from Mettenius, The alliance of both this and the preceding is
with polypodioides.

244, A. (Dipl.) polypodioides, Mett.; caud. erect, subarborescent, densely
clothed at the crown with long brown fibrillose scales 1 in. 1.5 st. densely
tufted, stout, green, 1 ft. or more 1., rather densely muricated, not scaly, but
slightly furfuraceous ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 14-2 ft. br., with 8-9 pinne on each sida
below the simple ones at the apex, the lower ones 4-5 in. apart, 9-12 in. 1.,
6 in. br. ; pénnl. numerous, spreading, 2-8 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into linear-oblong slightly-toothed lobes; texture herbaceous ; both
surfaces naked ; colour bright-green ; rachis green, stout, nearly naked ; veindets
about 6 on each side in the lobes ; sord falling distinctly short of the edge.—
Lk. Sp. 3. p. 257.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 8,000 ft.), Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—Our descrip-
tion is taken from the plant in cultivation at Kew, no doubt identical with the common
Indian and Malayan species thus named, which is A. frondosum, Wall. An authentic
example of D. asperum, Blume, is rather more coriaceous in texture, with lower pinnz
15 in, 1, ; even the secondary rachises asperous ; the lobes 3 in. 1., with 8-10 veinlets on

38, ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 239

each side. D. ebenum, J. Sm., from the Philippines (Cuming, 159), has a slender naked
ebeneous rachis and erecto-patent lobes, with only 4 distant veinlets in each.

245. A. (Dipl.) Grifithii, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1, naked, firm, erect; /r. 12-18 in.
1, nearly as broad ; lower pinn@ 9-12 in.1., 6 in. br., on stalks Lin. 1.; pinnl.
numerous, the longest 3 in. 1, 2in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below ;
lobes erecto-patent, 4 in. deep, } in. br., deeply toothed, not contiguous ; rachis
smooth, flexuose, substramineous ; tezture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins about 6 on a side in each lobe, with an oblong sorus on each, which is
less than 1 lin. 1., touches the costa and scarcely reaches halfway to the edge.
—Diplazium, Moore Ind. Fil. p. 330.

Hab. Assam, Grijith.—This differs from the preceding mainly in the sori, and comes
near A, woodwardioides and umbrosum.

246. A. (Dipl.) maximum, Don ; caud, erect ; st. 2 ft. or more l., firm, erect,
scaly only at the base; 7. several ft. ]., 2-3 ft. br., with numerous pinn@ on
each side, the lowest 9-18 in. ]., 4-8 in. br., with numerous distinct subsessile
pinnl. 2-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., the edge more or less lobed, sometimes halfway
down ; texture herbaceous ; rachises and both sides nearly naked ; veins pinnate
in the lobes, 4-6 on a side; sori medial, the lowest 2 lin. ].—A. diversifolium,
Wall., J. Sm. YD. decurrens, Beddome, ¢. 220.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon.—A common Indian plant, like A. sylvaticum in texture, a
single lower pinna of this resembling a whole frond of that. We cannot in any way dis-
tinguish the New Caledonian A. sororium, Mett., of which the trunk is not known, from
the less deeply lobed form of this, and have what appears to be the same from the Society
Islands.

247. A. (Dipl.) melanochlamys, Hk.; st. strong, erect, 2 ft. or more L.,
smooth ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. br., with numerous pimn@ on each side, the lower
ones 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in br., with numerous distinct sessile pinn/. 2-3 in. l.,
1 in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis throughout into inciso-
crenate linear-oblong segm., + in. br.; tecture herbaceous but firm ; colour
bright-green ; veins 4-5 on a side in the lobes; lower sori 15-2 lin. 1.5 cnvol.
narrow, glossy, quite black.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 260.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, S. Pacific, Macgillivray, 702, Milne, 36. — Trunk
unknown.

248. A. (Dipl.) vestitum, Presl; st. stout, erect, brownish, tomentose
throughout ; fr. 2-3 ft. L., 9-18 in. br., with numerous pinn@ on each side, the
lower ones 9 in. 1., 4 in. br., with numerous distinct subsessile pinn/., which are
2in. 1, lin. br., blunt at the point, and bluntly-lobed to a depth of }-} in., the
base narrowed suddenly or even cordate; ¢eature thinly herbaceous; rachis ~
chaffy like the stem ; veizs pinnate in the lobes ; veindets 4-5 on each side ;
lower sori of the lobes 3-4 lin. 1., not reaching the edge.—HZ&. Sp. 3. p. 260.
2nd Cent. t. 46.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 336.—Trunk unknown. For the rest this resembles
A. maximum, differing by its tomentose rachises, °

249, A. (Dipl.) latifolium, Don ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
strong, erect, 1 ft. or more L., livid, smooth, clothed towards the base with
linear-crisped dark-brown scales; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, with
about 12 pinne on each side, the largest 1 ft. 1. 4 in. br.; pinnd. numerous,
the largest 2 in. 1., Zin. br. at the base, the point acuminate, the edge slightly
toothed, the base abruptly truncate on both sides ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
naked. livid ; veins about 6 in a group; sord linear, the lowest often 2 lin. 1.—
A, dilatatum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 258 (in part).

240 38, ASPLENIUM, §$§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

Hab. Ceylon, Neilgherries, 8, China, Philippines.—Here again we fall back upon
the living collection at Kew for a description. Our plant is the D. diversifoliwm of
J. Smith, but scarcely of Wallich. Blume’s original specimen of dilatatum, and a plant
sent by Miquel as A. latifolium, Don, are like this in texture, but the pinnules are 13 in.
apart, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 3 in. 1., and bluntly lobed to a depth of § in.
below ; and we have similar examples from China, Java, and Moulmein.

250. A.(Dipl.) nigro-paleaceum, Baker ; caudex decumbent ; sé. not tufted, sub-
erect, 4 in. thick, 12-18 in. ]., greenish, deeply channelled in front, thickly clothed
with lanceolate nearly black scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., nearly as br. ; lower pinne
12-18 in. L, 6-8 in. br., with numerous spreading pinnl, 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut
down half or two-thirds to the rachis into inciso-crenate linear-oblong lobes, } in.
br.; texture thick, subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis thick, naked, slightly
zigzag, with a winged line on each side in front, the lower lobes imbricated over
it ; veins 6-8 on each side, the lower ones forked; dower sori 3 in. 1.—Diplazium,
Kunze, Linn. 24, 270. D. Loddigesii, J. Sm.

Hab. St. Helena.—Our description is drawn up from the copious living specimens at
Kew. Perhaps not distinct from D, arborescens, but a much stronger and more coriaceous
plant, with a densely scaly stem.

251. A. (Dipl.) arborescens, Mett.; caud. oblique; sf. 1-2 ft. 1, strong,
erect, smooth, nearly naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 2-3 ft. br., with numerous pinnae,
the lower ones 12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br.; pinni. 3 in. 1, §-Zin. br., the point:
acuminate, the edge cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into nearly
entire lobes } in. deep, $ in. br.; rachés polished, stramineous ; teature herba-
ceous ; veinlets 6-8 on each side, mostly simple ; lower sori 4 in. L—H&. Sp. 8.
p. 256 (in part).

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar.—D. comorensis, Bojer, from Johanna
Island, has broader lobes, not cut more than halfway down to the rachis, 4-5 simple
veinlets on each side, and lower sori 4 in. 1. There are two totally: different modes of
growth amongst these large compound species, and there is much to be done in studying
the living plants before we can understand them clearly.

252. A. (Dipl.) melanocaulon, Baker; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked,
ebeneous ; jr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with numerous pinne, the lower ones 6-12
in. 1, 4-6 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., Zin. br., cut down two-thirds of
the way to the rachis into linear-oblong faleate inciso-crenate lobes, 3-3 in. deep ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachises slender, ebeneous like the stem ; veins pinnate in
the lobes, 4-5 on each side ; sor short, oblong, not touching either midrib or edge.
—Diplazium, Brack. p. 144. D. coriaceum, Carruth.

Hab. Fiji and Aneiteum.—Apparently this agrees with arborescens in mode of growth.
_ It differs by its more coriaceous texture, distant veins, ebeneous rachis, and short sori.

253. A. (Dipl.) Arnottii, Baker ; st. smooth, angular, brownish; jr. ample ;
lower pinnee 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. or more br.; cut down
below to a distinctly winged rachis into deeply crenate, blunt, oblong lobes
% in. deep, ¢ in. br., with a space between them ; testure herbaceous; rachis
slender, naked; veinlets 5-§ on a side, nearly all branched, the lower ones
subpinnate ; sor? copious, nearly all diplazioid and filling up when mature
nearly the whole surface of the lobes.—Diplazium, Brack. p. 144, A. dipla-
zioides, Hk. 5 Arn.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, frequent.—Caudex probably of A. arborescens.

254. A. (Dipl.) pulicoswm, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, naked, straw-coloured ; /*.
13-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with numerous pinne@ on each side, the lower ones 6-8 in. L.,
4 in. br. ; lowest pinni. 2 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
spreading, crenated linear-oblong dobes 2 lin. br.; texture coriaceous ; colour

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 241

pale-green ; rachis firm, naked; veins 5 on each side in the lobes; soré in
regular parallel rows not reaching more than halfway from the midrib to the
edge; énvol, rigid, nearly black.—4&. Sp. 3. p. 262.

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson.—Caudex unknown.

255. A. (Dipl.) Klotzschii, Mett.; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
strong, erect, dark-brown, and scaly below; jr. 3-5 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br. ;
lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 8-4 in. br.; lower pinnl, 2-3 in. 1., Zin. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into blunt spreading slightly-toothed linear-oblong lobes
2 lin. br.; tezture herbaceous; colour deep-green; rachis firm, naked ; veins
distant, pinnate, 4-6 on each side in the lobes ; sorz linear-oblong, falling short of
the edge; invol. tumid, brown, fimbriated.—HZé. Sp. 3. p. 263. Lotzea dipla-
zioides, Klotzsch. ;

Hab. Columbia and Venezuela.

256. A. (Dipl.) flecuosum, Presl; st. firm, naked, brownish; /r. ample; pinn@
with a very flexuose zigzag rachis and pinnl. deflexed and then curved
upwards ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.; pinnl. stalked, 3-5 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the apex serrated only, the upper part lobed, the lower cut down nearly or
quite to-the rachis into blunt subentire oblong lobes 3 in. br.; ¢ezture sub-
coriaceous ; veinlets of the lobes forked, 7-8 on a side; sorz long, linear, in
regular rows not reaching the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 263.

Hab. Peru.—Caudex unknown.

257. A. (Onl) vastum, Mett.; fr. ample, bipinnatifid ; lower pinne 2 ft. 1.,
7 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; pinni. close, patent, 3} in. 1., 1 in. br.,
oblong-acuminate, cut down nearly or below quite to the rachis into toothed
linear-oblong lobes ; texture membranous ; rachis stramineous, slightly downy
upwards ; both sides quite naked; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 mostly
simple veinlets on a side; sori reaching from the midrib to the base of the
teeth.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 237. ‘

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 349.—Trunk unknown.

258. A. (Dipl.) hians, Kunze; caud. erect; st. 12-18 in. 1., tufted, slightly
scaly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinne 1 ft. or more 1, 4-6 in. br.; pinnl.
numerous, lanceolate, 2-3 in. ]., }-2in. br., with blunt subentire lobes 14-2 lin.
br., reaching nearly down to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 3-4 on each side; sori short, oblong, only
the lower ones double ; inro/. tumid.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 233.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.—Grisebach unites this with 4. umbrosum, J. Sm. It
differs from the next by its narrower pinpe and lobes, much shorter sori, and tumid
involucre. We include A. bogotense and allantodioides of Karsten.

259. A. (Dipl.) radicans, Schk. ; caud. erect, subarborescent; sf. 1-2 ft. 1,
tufted, strong, erect, scaly below; /r. 3-5 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinne 12-18 in.
1, 6-8 in. br. ; pinn/. numerous, lanceolate, sessile, the upper ones entire, lower
ones 3-4 in. ]., #-1 in. br., with broad blunt lobes 7 in. br., reaching 4 or 2 of the
way down to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked or slightly pubescent ;
veins 4-6 on each side in a lobe 3 lower sori sometimes } in. 1.—A. dubium, Mett.
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 261 (2n part). B, A. expansum, Presl; rachis pubescent; pinne
and lobes narrower; sort shorter.—Diplazium, Willd. D. umbrosum, Willd.
D. Haenkeanum, Presi. :

Hab. Tropical America, from Cubs and Columbia to Brazil and Peru.—The univer-
sally-distributed S. American large-growing tripinnatifid species. D. ambiguwm, Raddi, is
probably essentially the same, but the figure represents the pinne as only slightly lobed,
with which Brazilian and Peruvian examples from Sellow and Spruce coincide,

_ 2

242 38. ASPLENTUM, §§§§§§ ANISOGONIUM.

Lronds fully tripinnate. Sp. 260-263.

260. A. (Dipl.) gracélescens, Mett.; st. straw-coloured, slender, but firm,
naked, polishéd ; fr. 3-4 ft. l., 2-3 ft. br., tripinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. L.,
6 in. br. ; lanceolate-acuminate ; pinni. close, short-stalked, 2-3 in. 1., nearly
1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, with oblong unequal-sided pinnatifid segm. ;
texture herbaceous; rachis stramineous and both sides naked; two veiniets in
the upper, four in the lower lobes; sorz only one in each, except the lowest,
ie 1.; dnvol. membranous. — Met, Fil. Nov. Gran, p. 237. Diplazium,

oore.

Hab. Venezuela, Schlim; 69.

'

261. A. (Dipl.) sandwichianum, Mett. ; st. 2 ft. 1., firm, dark-brown, tomentose,
furnished at the base with ovate-lanceolate scales, dark-brown in the centre, and
a broad margin suddenly scariose ; 77. 2-8 ft. 1., 13-2 ft. br. ; dower pinne 9-15
in. ]., 6 in, br., with numerous spreading pinn/. 3 in. 1., 1 in. br., with distinct
oblong segm. 4 in. ]., 2 in. br., the lower ones cut down nearly to the rachis
into blunt lobes ; ¢ezture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachises brown and very
tomentose, those of the pinnules distinctly winged ; veens distant, pinnate ; sore
copious, in regular rows not reaching the edge.— HA. Sp. 3. p. 225. Athyrium,
Presi, A. alienum, Mett. p. 169. A. fuscopubescens, Hk. Sp. 3.p. 264,

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; Peru, Lechler, Spruce, 4759, 5416a.—Spruce’s specimens quite
agree with those from Mr. Lambert, mentioned in “ Species Filicym.”

262. A. (Dipl.) Wilsoni, Baker ; st. slender, brownish, naked ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1.,
2 ft. br. ; lower pinne 10-12 in. 1., 2-24 in. br., with numerous imbricated pinnl.
1}-1} in. 1., 4 in. br., the point blunt, cut down to the rachis, except at the apex,
into oblong-rhomboidal lobes, the lower ones # in. 1., 14-2 lin. br., broadly but not
deeply lobed ; texture herbaceous; both surfaces and rachis quite naked ; colour
deep-green ; veins four on a side in the lower lobes, the lower ones forked ; soré
linear, 1 lin. 1., rarely diplazioid ; énvol. tumid.

Hab. Jamaica, Wilson, 929 ; March, 206, 377.—In habit and cutting this resembles
the preceding closely.

268. A. (Dipl.) divisissimum, Baker; st. 1-2 ft. 1, firm, angular, polished,
reddish-brown, shaggy below, with nearly black dense fibrillee ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft.
br., with numerous pimn@ on each side, the lower ones 3-4 in. apart, 1 ft. 1., 6 in.
br., with very numerous close-placed lanceolate pinnd. 3 in. 1., ¢ in. br., cut down
into very numerous oblong segm. % in. ]., 2 lin. br., which are again cut down to
the, rachis into obovate ult. divisions 1 lin. br. ; tevture herbaceous; rachis
dark-coloured, naked ; colour dark-green ; two veénlets on each side in the lower
ult. divisions ; soré linear, sometimes 1 lin. 1, only the lowest occasionally
diplazioid.

Hab. Foot of M. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5695.—This comes nearest to the two preceding,
si a more compound, We have an incomplete specimen of a very similar plant

rom Velebes,

§§§§$§ Anisogonium, Presi. Sori as in Diplazium, but veins anastomosing.
Sp. 264-276. Callipteris, Bory. Fig. 88, g.

* Fronde simple or simply pinnate, Sp. 264-278.

264. A. (Aniso.) ternatum, Hk. ; st. slender, 3-6 in. 1.3 fr. ternate, with an
oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 3-4 in. ]., 14 in. br., the point acuminate, the
edge serrated, the base narrowed gradually, and a pair of similar smaller lateral

38. ASPLENTUM, §§§§§§ ANISOGONIUM. 243

ones ; texture coriaceous ; veins in pinnate groups, the outer upper vein of the
group joining the others before they reach the edge, but the separate groups free
from one another.—H&, Sp. 3. p. 265.

Hab. Mexico, Liebmann.

265. A. (Aniso.) Kunzei; Mett.; st. 6-15 in. L., firm, erect, furfuraceous ; /r.
varying in shape from spathulato-elliptical, 9 in. 1, 2 in. br., slightly lobed
below, to 18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., the upper half deeply pinnatifid, with deltoid or
lanceolate-acuminate lobes, the lower half with distant oblong-acuminate entire
pinne 3-4 in. 1., 15-2 in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; veins in pinnated groups which
unite very near the midrib, with slender lines of sori on each extending to the edge.
—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 266.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru,

266. A. (Aniso.) cordifolium, Mett. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; /*.
8-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., entire, cordate at the base, the point acuminate ; texture
coriaceous ; veins in close groups of about four, anastomosing copiously in the
outer half of the pagina; sort reaching from the midrib to the edge.—@, D.
integrifolium, Blume; jr. 12-18 in. 1. subdeltoid, with a large terminal and
one or two pairs of smaller but similar spreading lateral pinnw.—Hh. Sp. 3.
p. 267. Ic. t. 936.

Hab. Philippines and Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

267. A. (Aniso.) alismefolium, Hk. ; st. 2-6 in. 1. firm, erect, scaly throughout ;
jr. varying in shape from simple, oblong-lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the
edges entire, the apex acuminate, to ternate or pinnate, with a large terminal
and three pairs of lateral pinn@, each like the entire frond of the simple
state ; feature coriaceous ; veins about three to a group in the inner half, but
anastomosing copiously with hexagonal areole towards the edge.—Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 267. A. Cumingii, Dfett.

Hab, Luzon, Cuming, 116.

268. A. (Aniso.) lineolatum, Mett.; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, scaly below ;
Jr. occasionally simple, usually with a terminal pinna and 3-6 pairs of lateral
ones, which are 6-12 in l., 2 in. or more br., entire, often suddenly acuminate ;
texture coriaceous; rachis naked; veins 4-8 to a cluster, uniting slightly
coven the edge.—Diplazium, Bi. A. elegans, Met. Hk. Sp.3. p. 268. Ic.

2. t. 939.

Hab. Philippines andé Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

269. A. (Aniso.) heterophlebium, Mett. MSS.; st. 1 ft. 1, grey, scaly
throughout ; fr. 12-18 in.1., 8-9 in. br., with 6-8 opposite pairs of pinne below
the pinnatifid apex ; the lowest 2 in. or more apart, 3-4 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., the
edge undulated, the point acute, the base cordate on both sides ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachis villose and fibrillose throughout ; both
surfaces naked ; veins pinnate, the groups joining one-third of the way from the
midrib to the edge, and the veins of the same and different groups anastomosing ;
sori not reaching the edge, copiously diplazioid.

Hab. East Himayalas ; discovered by Griffith.

270. A. (Aniso.) decussatum, Sw. st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, often muricated ;
Jr. 2-4 ft. 1., with numerous pinne on each side, which are 6-12 in, 1., 1-2 in. br.,
often proliferous in the axils, the edge nearly entire or slightly lobed ; teature
herbaceous or subcoriaceous; veins in copiously pinnated groups, with a
distinct barren vein in the centre, uniting one-third of the distance from the

244 38. ASPLENIUM, §§$§§§§ ANISOGONIUM.

midrib to the edge, but only those of different groups joining one another ; soré
reaching nearly to the edge and copiously double.—6, D. robusta, Fée; pinnae
12-18 in. 1, deeply lobed in the upper part, in the lower cut down to the rachis
_ into distinct pinnl. 2 in. 1, 2 in. br.— HE. Sp. 8. p. 270.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, and sent lately by -Dr. Ferd. Mueller from
Queensland ; Mascaren Isles, Angola, and Guinea Coast,—The Assam station given in
“Species Filicum ” is a mistake.

271. A. (Aniso.) chimborazense, Spruce, MSS.; st. 3 ft. 1., gin. thick at the
base, brown, angular, densely clothed below with large linear-lanceolate brown
scales ; /r. 6 ft. 1., the apex pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes towards the base of
the pinnatifid portion 4-6 in. 1., below this about 16 pairs of pinna, the
lowest 15 in. ]., 24 in. br., the point suddenly acuminate, the edge slightly
undulated, the base narrowed suddenly on both sides; ¢eature thin but sub-
coriaceous; rachis strong, naked, brown ; veins in groups of about six, not
uniting till beyond half the way from the midrib to the rachis, the veins of the
same and separate clusters anastomosing copiously beyond this; sor? in slender
lines reaching two-thirds of the way to the edge.

Hab. Foot of Chimborazo (alt. 3-4,000 ft.), Spruce, 5703.

272. A. (Aniso.) rivale, Spruce, MSS.; sé. 18 in. 1., strong, erect, brownish»
scaly towards the base; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., the apex pinnatifid; below this about
15 pairs of pinne, the largest 8-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
slightly repand, the base subcuneate on both sides ; tezture papyraceous, only
the veins beneath slightly hairy ; veins pinnate, with a distinct barren vein in
the centre of each group and 6-8 lateral veinlets, all of which except the upper
one or two unite with those of the next group, beginning to do so within } in. of
the costa ; sort linear, medial, rarely double. .

Hab. Foot of Chimborazo (alt. 3-4,000 ft.), Spruce, 5700.

278. A. (Aniso.) stenocarpum, Mett.; fr. 5-8 ft. 1, 14 ft. br.3 pinne
numerous, close, the lower ones short-stalked, 9-10 in. ]., 2 in. br., the point
acuminate, sharply toothed, the edge broadly lobed to a depth of 1-3 lins, the
base truncate ; textwre herbaceous; only the rachis and veins beneath slightly
hairy ; main veins 3-4 lin. apart; veinlets 6-8 on a side, the lower ones ceasing
before they reach the edge, free or uniting with those of the next group, the
upper ones free ; sor? reaching from the main vein more than halfway along.the
veinlets.—Mett, Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 232,

Hab. New Granada, Lindig and Triana.—The imperfectly-known A. chocoense, Triana,
resembles this, but the under surface is clothed, especially on the veins, with ferruginous
hairs, and the lower three or four veinlets of each group unite with those of the ad-
joining one.

** Fronds bipinnate. Sp..274-276.

274, A. (Aniso.) esculentum, Presl ; caud. subarborescent, erect; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
strong, erect, tufteds jr. 4-6 ft. I, occasionally simply pinnate only, but
usually bipinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in, 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pénnl. 8-6 in. 1., 3-1 in.
or more br., the point acuminate, the edge more or less deeply lobed, the base
narrowed suddenly, often auricled; teatwre subcoriaceous; rachis often
pubescent ; veins fine, copiously pinnated, 6-10 on each side in each lobe,
with a distinct barren central midrib, the veinlets of the different clusters
beginning to unite a short distance from the midrib, with lines of sori often on
all the lateral veinlets—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 268. Digrammaria, Presl,

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Hong-Kong, Formosa, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—
Dd, serampurense, Spreng., is a pubescent simply pinnate form,

38, ASPLENIUM, §§{§$§§ HEMIDICTYUM. 245

275. A. (Aniso.) Smithianum, Baker ; caudex oblique, decumbent ; st. thick,
1 ft. 1, slightly scaly below, furfuraceous throughout, and rather densely
muricated ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., by nearly as broad, with 4-5 pinnate pinnw and
4-5 that are only pinnatifid below the point on each side, the lowest 3 in. apart,
about 9 in.1., 4 in. br.; pinnl. sessile, 2-8 in. 1., -Zin. br., the edge subentire,
the point slightly toothed, acuminated, the base rounded on both sides ; texture
Subcoriaceous ; both surfaces and rachis naked, the latter muricated in the lower
part ; vezns in groups of 2-3 on a side, the ey usually joining halfway across
to the edge; sord often } in. ].—A. dilatatum, J. Sm. (non Blume).

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, 1851.—Our description here is taken from the living cultivated
plant. It differs from latifoliwm by its oblique caudex and anastomosing venation and
asperous stipe,

276. A. (Aniso.) vitiense, Baker; fr. ample; lower pinne 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br.,
with numerous close distinctly-stalked lanceolate pind. on each side, which are
2-3 in. 1, 2 in. br., narrowed gradually from the truncate base to an acuminate
point, and bluntly lobed about one-third of the way down to the midrib ; teature
herbaceous ; rachis finely pubescent, both sides nearly naked; veins pinnate
in the lobes with 6-9 veinlets on a side, the lowest of contiguous groups
joining midway between the midrib and sinus; soré copious, medial ; invol.
membranous,

Hab. Fiji, Daemel ; communicated by Prof. Reichenbach.—I now lock on this asa
mere form of esculentum.

§§§§$§§ Hemidictyum, Presi. Veins anastomosing towards the margin. Sori
single. Hig. 88,h. Sp. 277-280,

2v7. A. (Hemi.) Ceterach, L.; st. densely tufted, 1-3 in. 1., wiry, ebeneous,
chaffy ; 7. 4-Gin. 1, lin. or less br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into alternate, blunt subentire broadly-oblong or roundish lobes, g-} in. A,
£-# in. br., with a rounded sinus between them ; teature subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked; lower densely coated with small pale reddish-brown ovate
membranous scales; sor? linear, oblique; énvol. very rudimentary.—Brit. F.
t. 86. Ceterach officinarum, Walld.—B, C. aureum, Link ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 14-2
in. br., lobes oblong, scales toothed.— Hh. Sp. 3. p. 278.

Hab. Britain and Gothland to Spain, Greece, Himalayas, and the Caucasus ; 8, Cana-
ries and Madeira.—The involucre is so very nearly absent, that this is placed by most
authors in Grammitidee. There ia a Cape specimen in Herb, Rawson,

278. A. (Hemi.) Purdieanum, Hk.; st. 6-9 in. 1., clothed copiously with
greyish-brown lanceolate-acuminate scales; fr. 6-9 in. each way, deltoid,
cordate, with a terminal and 2-3 pairs of opposite lateral pinnw, the largest
4-5 in. L., 14-2 in. br., acute at the point, narrowed at the base, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veimg fine, the primary ones very
oblique, anastomosing copiously halfway from the midrib to the edge, connected
by a vague line within the margin; lower soré sometimes 1 in. 1.—H&k. Sp. 3.
p. 278. Lc. t. 938.

Hab. Discovered by Mr. Purdie in Venezuela (not Jamaica), and since gathered by
Dr. Spruce in Peru.

279. A. (Hemi.) Finlaysonianum, Wall. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., green, subcompressed,
nearly naked ; fr. 12-18 in. ]., 6-8 in. br., simply pinnate, with 2-6 opposite pairs
of lateral pinnae, the lower ones 4-8 in. 1., 1}-2.in. br., the point very acuminate,
the base narrowed very gradually on both sides to a distinct petiole, the edge
entire, the two sides often unequal ; texture coriaceous ; veins subflabellate, very
oblique, anastomosing slightly towards the edge, sometimes bounded by an

246 41. SCOLOPENDRIUM, § EUSCOLOPENDRIUM.

irregular intramarginal line ; soré often 14-2 in. —H#, Sp.3. p.271. Ice. t. 987.
Asplenidictyon, J. Sm.

Hab. Himalayas and Malayan Peninsula.—This has the same close relation to A. macro-
phyllum that elegans has to fraxinifoléwm.

280. A. (Hemi.) marginatum, Linn.; sf. 2-8 ft. 1, strong, erect, woody,
sometimes 4 in. thick at the base; /. simply pinnate, 4-6 ft. 1.; pimn@ in
several opposite pairs, the lowest 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., the edge entire, the base
often cordate; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished; veins
anastomosing copiously in the outer third of the space between the midrib and
edge, bounded by a distinct intramarginal line ; sord long, linear, confined to the
free veins.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 271. Fil. Ex. t. 63.

Hab, Tropical America, from Cuba and Venezuela to Peru and Brazil.

4

Gen. 39. Antantopia, Wall. (in part).

Sori dorsal, linear-oblong, attached to the primary veins. Jnvol. the same
shape as the sorus and quite enclosing it, bursting in an irregular line down to
the centre. A single simply pinnate species with thin ample pinne, differing from
Asplenium 7 the dehiscence of the involucre. Tas. IV. f. 39.

1. A. Brunoniana, Wall. ; fr. often 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinne 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br.,
entire ; veins forked near the midrib, two rows of hexagonal areole occupying
the outer half of the space between the midrib and the edge, bounded by an
intramarginal line ; sorz confined to the anterior vein of the first fork.—H&. Sp.
3. p. 275.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.)}, Ceylon, Java, Tahitii—Asplen. javanicum, Blume,
is the oldest name.

Gen. 40. ActiniopTEeRis, Link,

Sori linear-elongated, submarginal. Jnvol. the same shape as the sorus, folded
over it, placed one on each side of the narrow segments of the frond opening
towards the midrib. A single species, at once recognizable by its flabellate habit,
like a palm-tree (Chamerops) in miniature, with fruit in character intermediate
between Aspleniese and Pteridee. Tas. IV. f. 40.

1. A. radiata, Link ; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1. ; /r. like a fan, 1-1} in. deep,
composed of numerous dichotomous segments which are rush-like in texture,
not more than 4 lin. br., the veins few and subparallel with the indistinct
midrib, the segments of the fertile frond longer than those of the barren one.—
Le. Fil. t. 975.—B, A. australis, Link ; segm.-fewer, longer, subulate at the point.
—Ic. Fil. t. 976. Hk. Sp. 3, p. 276.

Hab. Throughout India, especially in the Peninsula, Ava, Ceylon, Arabia, Upper
Egypt, Abyssinia, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Macalisberg, Angola, For the type
Acrostichum dichotomum, Forsk., is the oldest name.

TRIBE 9. SCOLOPENDRIE.

Sort as in Aspleniee, except that the involucres are arranged in pairs and open
towards each other. GEN. 41.

Gen. 41. ScotoprnpRium, Sm.
Characters of the tribe. Tas, IV. f. 41.

§ Euscolopendrium. Veins free or anastomosing only casually. Sp. 1-4.

_1, 8. vulgare, Sm. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., fibrillose below ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 14-3 in. br.,
ligulate-oblong, entire, the base cordate ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins in groups

41. SCOLOPENDRIUM, §§ ANTIGRAMME, §§§ SCHAFFNERIA. 247

of 2-4, rarely anastomosing.— Hk. Sp. 4.p.1. Brit. F.t. 87. S, Lindeni, Hk.
Je. Pl. t. 488.

Hab. Britain and Gothland to Spain, Madeira, the Azores, Caucasus, Persia, Japan ;
United States, Canada, Mexico.—A very large number of curious varieties and mon-
strosities are in cultivation, of which the most remarkable has non-indusiate sori on the
edge and upper surface of the frond and anastomosing venation.

2. S. Hemionitis, Sw.; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, slightly fibrillose ; 7r. 4-6 in. 1.,
oblong-lanceolate, the base hastato-cordate, with short and rounded or prominent
and almost acute’ lobes ; ¢exture thinner than in the last; sori shorter ; veins
more branched.— Hf. Sp. 4. p. 2.

Hab. Spain, 8. France, Italy, and the Mediterranean Islands.

3. S. pinnatum, J. Sm. ; st. compressed, greyish ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., with an entire
terminal pinna 4-6 in. }., 14-2 in. br., proliferous at the point and 1-6 pairs of
similar lateral ones ; ¢eztwre subcoriaceous; veins usually once forked ; sori
oblique, 4-2 in. 1., 1 lin. br.—_HE#. Sp. 4. p. 2.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 187, 311.—S. longifolium, Presl (Micropodium, Mett.),
gathered at Luzon by Haenke, has a simple undivided frond, and the limit between the
edges of the contiguous involucres marked by a thin line, whilst in S. pinnatum it is an
evident lamelliform crest. See Mett. Fil. Ind, 2. p. 233.

4. S. Durvillei, Bory ; rhizome firm, wide-scandent 5 st. 2-3 in. 1., firm, erect,
naked ; fr. varying from simple lanceolate-oblong, 6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the edge
crenate, the base auricled (these alone fertile), to subdeltoid bipinnatifid, with
several pinne on each side, the lowest 14 in. 1, ? in. br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into narrow toothed or pinnatifid lobes ; tezture subcoriaceous, both sides
naked ; veins of entire frond subparallel, simple or forked ; sori reaching from
the midrib two-thirds of the space to the edge without any raised line between
them.—Kunze, Suppl. Schk. p. 9.t. 5. Micropodium, Jet.

Hab. Ualan ; gathered first by Durville.

§ Antigramme, Presl. Frond with a distinct midrib, veins anastomosing
towards the edge. Sp. 5-6.

5. S. (Anti.) Brasiliense, Kunze ; st. short, fibrillose ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1} in.
br., subentire, tapering towards both ends; texture coriaceous; veins anasto-
mosing about two-thirds of the distance from the midrib to the edge; sorz
linear, confined to the free veins.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 3.

Hab. Brazil.—A. subsessilis, Fée, is a subsessile form, with a longer and narrower
frond than usual.

6. S. (Anti.) plantagineum, Schrad. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, grey, naked ; /r. 6-10
in. L, 3-5 in. br., ovate, the base rounded or truncate or cordate, the edge entire ;
texture coriaceous ; veins anastomosing within about 4 in. of the edge ; forks of
the free veins 4 in. apart; sorz confined to the free veins.—S. Douglasii,
HE, Sp.4. p.8 Asplenium, Hk. & Gr, Ic, t. 150.

Hab. Brazil.

§ Schaffneria, Fe. No distinct midrib, but the veins. flabellate, uniti:
ones the edge. ‘Sp. 7. : , oe

7. S. (Schaff.) nigripes, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in.1., black, polished, naked, jointed at the
apex ; fr. obovate or roundish, 1-1} in. br. 5 texture thick, coriaceous ; sori in

248 42, pIDYMOCHLENA. 43, ASPIDIUM.

irregularly linear or oblong patches.—Schaffneria, Fée, Asplenium, Hh, Kew
Gard. Mise. 9. t. 9.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

§§§§ Camptosorus, Link. Veins anastomosing near the midrib but free outwards.
Sort usually in opposite pairs, but more or less divaricating. Sp. 8-9.

8. S. (Campt.) rhizophyllum, Hk.; sf. 1-4 in. 1, naked, compressed, below
chesnut-brown ; /r. 4-9 in.1., lanceolate, from an auricled cordate base, the point
tapering out and often rooting ; feature coriaceous; sori short, irregular, linear-
oblong.— Hk, Sp. 4. p. 4. :

Hab. British America to the Southern United States.

9. S. (Campt.) sébéricum, Hk.; barren fr. ovate-acuminate, 1 in. ]., 3-3 in.
br. ; fertzle fr. 6 in. or more 1, fin. br., the apex elongated and roofing, the
base not auricled and narrowed gradually ; st. 2-3 in. 1:, naked, green upwards,
ebeneous below ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori linear or oblong.—&. Sp. 4. p. 4.
2nd Cent. t. 35.

Hab. W. Siberia, Kamschatka, Tsus-Sima, Japan,

Trise 10, AsPIpIEa,

Sori dorsal, subglobose, rarely elliptical. Involucre superior, similar in shape to
the sorus, fined either by the centre or a sinus. Gun. 42-47,

Gen, 42. Dipymocuimna, Desv.

Sori elliptical, terminal on a veinlet, but distinctly intramarginal. Jnvol.
elliptical, emarginate at the base, attached to the linear receptacle, free all round
the edge. Tas. 4. f, 42.

1. D. lunulata, Desv. ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; fr. densely tufted, 4-6 ft.
l., bipinnate ; pinni. 2-1 in. br., dimidiate, subquadrangular, entire or slightly
sinuated ; texture subcoriaceous ; venation subflabellate ; sorz 2-6 to a pinnule.
—Hk. Sp. 4.p.5. G. F.t17. Aspid. truncatulum, Sw., Willd.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and Brazil; Fiji, Malayan
Peninsula and Isles, Madagascar, Johanna Island, Natal, Fernando Po.—The pinnules
in shape and texture correspond with those of the dimidiate Adiantew and Lindsaye.

2. D. polycarpa, Baker ; caud. erect ; st. tufted, short; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in.
br., simply pinnate; pinnw close, very numerous, spreading, dwindling down
below to mere auricles, the largest 6-9 in. ]., 4 in. br., cut down halfway or more
to the rachis into close linear-oblong lobes ; rachis and lower surface villose ;
veins very close, pinnated, 12 or more on each side in a lobe; soré small,
close, ultimately confluent.—Aspid.. Bl., Mett. Nephrodium javanicum, H&.
ee p. 67. Fil. Ew, t. 61. Mesochlena, R. Br. MSS, Spherostephanos,

7. Sm.

_ Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Islands.—Habit and venation of Eunephrodium, but the
involucre in structure resembles the preceding. M. asplenioides, J. Smith, is a villose
variety, with narrower pinnz than usual, with short oblong-deltoid lobes.

Gun. 48. Asripium, Sw, (in part) R. Br. (See page 492.)
Sori subglobose, dorsal or terminal on the veinlets. Invol, orbicular, fixed by

the centre. 4 cosmopolitan genus, the species of which vary much in size, texture,
cutting, and venation, Tas. 5, f. 43, v oy : ;

43, ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 249

Polystichum, Roth. Veins all free. Sp. 1-42. Texture more or less
coriaceous in all except species 1, 4, 88, 89, and 41, and teeth usually awned,

* Frond pinnatifid only. Sp. 1-2.

1. A. (Polyst.) glandulosum, Hk. & Gr.; st. tufted, very short ; 7. 6-8 in. 1.,
1-14 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, cut down nearly to the
rachis above and quite below into bluntly sinuated linear-oblong lobes,
emarginate on the upper, decurrent on the lower side at the base; feature
herbaceous; rachis and both surfaces finely glanduloso-pilose ; ve¢ns pinnate,
the veinlets in groups of three ; sori 2-8 to a pinna, midway between the midrib
and edge.—Hk. Sp. 4. p.6. Hk. & Gr.t. 140. (not Blume).

Hab. Cuba and Jamaica.

2, A. (Polyst.) Plaschnickianum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, fibrillose
below ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., $-2 in. br., lanceolate, rooting at the point, subentire or
slightly or deeply lobed at the base; testure coriaceous ; both surfaces slightly
fibrillose ; dower veins in groups of four; sori copious, scattered —Hk&. Sp. 4.
p. 7. ¢. 211.

Hab, Jamaica.—According to Grisebach, a less cut form of species 3.
*% Fronds once pinnate, the lower pinnee entire or pinnatifid below. Sp. 8-17.

8. A. (Polyst.) rhézophyllum, Swz.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., fibrillose, slender ; /*.
2-6 in. 1., Zin br., with the long, narrow, upper half of the frond lengthened
out and-rooting, the lower half cut down to a flattened fibrillose rachis into
oblong rhomboidal subentire lobes, 2-4 in. br., } in. deep ; texture subcoriaceous ;
pig copiously pinnate in the lobes; sori scattered.—Hk. Sp. 4.p.7. Hk. &

- Le. t. 59.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba.

4. A. (Polyst.) semicordatum, Sw. ; st. scattered, 6-12 in. 1., fibrillose at the
base; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 8-i2in. br., simply pinnate; pinn@ spreading, 4-G in. 1.,
4-2 in. br., nearly entire, acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous, both sides naked and rachis nearly so ;
veins pinnate, the lower ones ending short of the edge ; sori in 1-3 rows on each
side, the inner one the most constant and regular, close to the midrib.—Hk. Sp.
4. p. 16. Cyclopeltis, J. Sin.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Panama to Brazil and Peru ; Philippines,
Amboyna, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—This corresponds to the genus Hemicardium
of Fée, who makes five species. A. Kingii, Hance (Ann. Sc. Nat. 4. ser. 18. p. 237),
from the Caroline Isles, is said to have blunt repand pinnz 1} in. l., under } in. br. ;
veins less branched, and fruit in a single line.

5. A. (Polyst.) munitum, Kaulf.; st. tufted, 4-9 in. L, strong, straw-coloured,
densely clothed, especially below, with large glossy lanceolate scales ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1.,°-4-8 in. br. ; pimne@ close, 3-4 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the
edge finely spinuloso-serrated throughout, the upper side auricled and the lower
obliquely truncate at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis generally scaly ;
veinlets fine, close ; sori in two rows near the edge.—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 10.¢. 219.

Hab. Western N. America, from Nootka to California.

6. A. (Polyst.) falcinellum, Swz.; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., densely clothed.
especially below, with blackish-brown lanceolate scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in,
br. ; central pinne with about their own space between them, 8 in, ]., } in. br., the

21

250 43/ ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

point acute, the edge finely not spinosely serrated, the upper side bluntly
auricled, the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; testwre very coriaceous ;
rachis usually scaly ; veins inconspicuous; sori in two long rows. Hé&. Sp. 4,
p10. Fil. By. t. 63.

Hab. Madeira.—P. maderense, Johnst. (Ann. N. H. April, 1866), is a form with
pinne pinnate at the ba-e.

7. A. (Polyst.) acrostichoides, Swz.; st. 6-8 in. 1., densely clothed below with
pale-brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 3-5 in. br., the pinn@ of the lower
half barren, 2-8 in. 1., } in. br., spinoso-serrated throughout, auricled at the
base above, the pinne of the upper half fertile, much smaller ; ¢eatwre sub-
coriaceous ; rachis straw-coloured, usually rather scaly ; vedndets in groups of
four ; sori occupying the whole under side of the fertile pinna.—Z&. Sp. 4. p. 9.

Hab. Canada to Florida and the Mississippi.—A. Schweinitzii, Beck, is a form with
lobed pinnz. ~

8. A. (Polyst.) epidocaulon, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1, weak, densely clothed
with large cordate brown scales; /r. 1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br., sometimes
elongated and radicant at the point; pinne 2-5 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., lanceolate-
falcate, not toothed, the two sides unequal, the upper ones with a triangular
auricle at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly like the stipe,
lower surface with scattered scales; veins obscure, sometimes slightly con-
nected ; sord principally in two rows a short space from the midrib.—Z&. Sp. 4.
p- 12. t. 217.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima.—Habit and texture of A. falcatwm, but the veins only
casually joined, and the rachis densely scaly,

9. A. (Polyst.) Lonchitis, Swz.; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1, ebeneous and
clothed with large lanceolate pale-brown scales at the base; /r. 12-18 in. L.,
1-2 in, br., pinnate throughout ; pine 4-1 in. 1., }- 8 in. br., ovate-rhomboidal,
subfaleate, the two sides unequal, the point mucronate, the edge spinuloso-
serrated, the upper side sharply auricled at the base, the lower obliquely
truncate ; rachis nearly naked ; texture coriaceous ; sord usually in two rows.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p.8. Brit. F.t. 9.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Portugal, Naples, Greece, Himalayas, and Davuria ; Green-
land, and mountains of the N. United States, and British America.

10. A. (Polyst.) mucronatum, Swz.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., stout, erect, densely
clothed with large reddish-brown lanceolate scales; fr. 12-18 in. ]., 14-2 in.
br., pinnate throughout ; pinm@ very numerous, often imbricated, 3-1 in. L,
4-¢ in. br., subrhomboidal, unequal-sided, the point mucronate, the edge sub-
entire or slightly lobed, distinctly auricled at the base on the upper side;
texture very coriaceous ; rachis stiff and densely scaly ; sord in a long row on
each side the midrib.—A&. Sp. 4. p. 9. t. 216.

Hab. West Indies.—Very like the preceding in appearance and texture.

11. A. (Polyst.) Jachenense, Hk.; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., stout,
ebeneous, and clothed with large lanceolate scales below ; fr, 4-8 in. l., 4-2 in.
br., pinnate throughout ; pinne 3-8 in. L, 2-8 lin. br, ovate-deltoid, the two
sides equal, the point bluntish, the edge spinoso-serrated, bluntly lobed below
halfway down; teature coriaceous ; rachis stramineous, fibrillose; soré often
covering the whole under side of the pinnee.—H&; Sp. 4. p. 8. t. 212.

Hab. Sikkim, Himalayas (13-16,000 ft.); gathered by Drs, Hooker, Thomson, and
Anderson.

12, A. (Polyst.) triangulum, Swz.; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1, with large dark-

r

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 251

brown scales at the base; fr. 1 ft. or more ]., 1$-2 in. br. ; pinnme numerous, ~
sessile, the lower ones distant, the central ones ?-1 in. 1., §-3 in. br., subdeltoid,
but the lower side obliquely truncate, apex mucronate, edge subentire or slightly
lobed with blunt or spinose teeth, one or both sides auricled at the base ; tewture
coriaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; veins flabellate ; sor? principally in two rows
near the edge.—H&, Sp. 4. p. 14.

Hab. West Indiesa.—P. ilicifolium, Fée, appears to be a form with elongated fronds
rooting at the point.

138. A. (Polyst.) auriculatum, Sw.; st. tufted, 4-6 in, 1, scaly below or
throughout ; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 2-4 in. br.; pinnae numerous, subsessile, usually
close, 1-1} in, 1., 8-4 in. br., ovate-rhomboidal, faleate, the point acute, the edge
spinoso-serrated, not lobed, the upper one with a prominent auricle, the lower
one truncate in a horizontal line at the base; teature subcoriaceous; rachis
stramineous, slightly scaly ;:lower veindets in groups of three ; sori in two rows.
—B, A. marginatum, Wall. ; texture move coriaceous, upper edge of the pinne
slightly lobed.—y, A. lentwm, Don; pinne cut into oblong mucronate lobes
about halfway down to the rachis, the auricle sometimes quite free—aA. ocel-

latum, Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 11.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon, ascending in the Himalayas to 9,000 ft., Formosa.
—A. obliquum, Don (cespit , Wall.), agrees very nearly witha. The typical plant
looks distinc’, but is connected by gradual intermediates with y, which is barely distin-
guishable from A. lobatum. .

14, A. (Polyst.) icifolium, Don; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in, 1, slender,
clothed with large scales throughout; /r. 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.; pimne sub-
deltoid or lanceolate, 4-1 in. 1., the apex mucronate, cut down below to the
rachis into lanceolate or ovate-mucronate lobes; feztwre coriaceous; both
surfaces naked ; rachis slender, fibrillose ; veins immersed ; sord principally in
two rows near the midrib.—A. stimulans, Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 12. ¢. 214,

Hab. N. India, ascending to 9,000 ft.—Quite doubtfully distinct from some of the
forms of auriculatum and aculeatum.

15. A. (Polyst.) Thomsoni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, straw-coloured,
fibrillose ; /r. 6-8 in. 1, 2-1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed gradually
below, pinnate throughout; pimne din. 1., 4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, unequal-
sided, the lower side the smallest and obliquely truncate at the base, the edge
pinnatifid halfway down or more, the lobes with sharp mucronate teeth ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachis naked or fibrillose; veims pinnate in the lower
lobes ; sor? mostly one to each lobe.-—H&. Sp. 4. p. 7. 2nd Cent. t. 25.

Hab. Himalayas, 7-13,000 ft.

16. A. (Polyst.) viviparum, Fée; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, with large lanceolate
scales at the base, the lower ones nearly black in the centre; fr. 12-18 in. L,
4-6 in. br. ; pinne numerous, nearly lanceolate, the central ones 2 in. 1., $-3 in.
br., the point mucronate, sometimes gemmiparous, the edge more or less deeply
lobed, in the lower part sometimes quite down to the rachis, the upper side
auricled, the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; ¢eztwre very coriaceous; soré
in two or four rows.—LHé. Sp. 4. p. 15.

Hab. West Indies.—P. heterolepis, Fée, is a form with long narrow pinnex, the pin-
es of the lower half distinct, the lowest slightly stalked. This may be the A. trape-
zidides of Swartz, with which Moore joins it,

17. A. (Polyst.) tridens, Hk.; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, clothed with blackish
lanceolate scales below ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., V4 in. br.; penne numerous, close,
#7 in. 1, ¢-§ in. br. deeply tripartite, all the three lobes linear-lanceolate,

252 : 43, asPIpIuM, § POLYSTICHUM.

mucronate, the central one the largest, and all sometimes a little toothed, the
hase cuneate, nearly equal on both sides, the lower ones distinctly stalked ;
texture very coriaceous; veins obscure; sori in two close rows.—Hk, Sp. 4.
p.15.t. 215.

Hab. Jamaica; gathered by Purdie and Wilson.—This and the preceding are both
united by Grisebach with triangulum.

*** Tower pinne once pinnate. Sp. 18-29.

18. A. (Polyst.) aculeatum, Sw.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., more or less clothed
with ovate-lanceolate and fibrillose pale brown-scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; lower pinne close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. ]., 3-2 in. br.; pinnl.
ovate-rhomboidal, unequal-sided, auricled on the upper side at the base ; teeth
aristate ; feetwre subcoriaceous; rachis straw-coloured, more or less scaly ;
under surface slightly fibrillose ; sort principally in two rows nearer the midrib
than the edge.—a, A. lobatum, Sw. ; texture coriaceous ; pinnl. confluent at the
base.—8, A. aculeatum, Sw. ; texture less rigid ; pinnl. sessile, the lower ones free.
—y, A. angulare, Willd.; teature less rigid, lower pinnl. stalked, sometimes
deeply pinnatifid.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 18. .

Hab. Throughout the world ; rare in the Arctic regions and Eastern N. America.—
A. squarrosum, Don (rufo-barbatum, Wall.) has the rachis densely clothed with reddish-
brown fibrillose scales ; A. proliferwm, Br., is a proliferous Australian form ; A. vestitum,
Sw., has the rachis densely clothed to the point both with reddish-brown fibrillose and
large lanceolate dark-brown scales ; A. biaristatum, Blume, has the frond narrowed sud-
denly upwards, and large rhomboidal pinnules, aristate principally at the point and
auricle ; the Cape A. luctuoswm, Kunze, has the scales of the rachis fibrillose and nearly
black ; 4. Tsus-Simense, Hk., is probably a slender form ; and A. ordinatum and Moritz-
ianum, Kunze, and Polyp. muricatum, L., are luxuriant forms from 8. America. We
have non-indusiate “forms from New Zealand (Polyp. sylvaticum, Colenso), Britain (var.
plumosum, Moore) ; and there is a wide range of forms in 8. America included under
Polyp. rigidum (Sp. Fil. 4. p. 246 ; Ic. Fil. t. 163), which correspond to the various forms
of this species, differing only by the want of an involucre,

19. A. (Polyst.) pungens, Kaulf.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. scattered,
1 ft. 1, stramineous, scaly only below ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br. ; lower pinne
6-12 in. L, 1-2 in. br.; pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, unequal-sided, often deeply
pinnatifid, the teeth awned; texture subcoriaceous; both surfaces naked ; sori
principally in two rows nearer the midrib than the edge.—=Schlecht. Adumb.
p. 21. t. 10.

se Cape Colony and Natal.—Best distinguished from aculeatum by its creeping
rhizome.

20. A. (Polyst.) mohrioides, Bory; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., stout, more or less
densely clothed with lanceolate dark-brown scales; jr. 6-12 in 1, 2-8 in. br.,
with numerous dense, often imbricated, lanceolate pinnw, which are cut down
below into slightly-toothed ohlong-rhomboidal pina, ; teeth blunt or mucronate 5
texture coriaceous 3 both surfaces naked ; rachis stout, compressed, scaly ; veins
close, immersed ; sori copious.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 26.

Hab. Patagonia and the Cordilleras of Chili.—Like a stout reduced form of Zobatum ;
but teeth in the typical specimens not at all spinulose. Gathered lately on: Marion
Island by Mr. Moseley, of the Challenger expedition.

21. A. (Polyst,) obtusum, Mett.; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, densely clothed with
large, ovate-acuminate, ‘bright-brown scales; fr. 1 ft. or more 1, 4-6 in. br.,
lanceolate, with numerous distant linear-lanceolate pinn@, the lower ones 3-4
in. l., 2 in. br.; pinnd. distinct, oblong-rhomboidal, the obscure teeth blunt or

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 253

mucronate; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked; rachis densely fibrillose
sort in two rows midway between edge and midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 24. t. 221.

Hab, Luzon, Cuming, 234, Lobb.— Probably should be joined to aculeatum.

22. A. (Polyst.) californicum, Eaton; st. 4-6 in. ]., straw-coloured, slightly
scaly ; /r. 12-15 in. 1., 4 in. br., with numerous close-placed lanceolate pinne,
the largest 2 in. 1., 4 in. br., the upper part with a broad, entire centre, the
lower cut down nearly or quite to the rachis; pinni. ovate-deltoid, unequal-
sided, the teeth very mucronate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis clothed throughout
with small pale-brown scales; under surface fibrillose, especially on the midrib ;
sort almost confined to the outer half of the pinne.—Proc. Am. Ac, vol. 6.
p- 555.

Hab. California, Hillebrand.—I think a mere form of aculeatum.

23. A. (Polyst.) Richardi, Hk.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1. stout, erect, scaly
throughout; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with numerous close-
placed lanceolate pinne 3-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., cut down below into distinct
lanceolate sharply tanthed deeply-lobed pinnl.; texture coriaceous ; rachis
slightly scaly ; both surfaces nearly naked ; veins immersed ; sor in two rows
midway between the midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 28. t. 222.

Hab. New Zealand and Fiji.—Differs from aculeatwm by its more rigid texture, shorter
teeth, and lower pinne not reduced.

24. A. (Polyst.) oculatum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. ]., firm, straw-coloured, clothed
throughout with dark-brown lanceolate scales; fr. 1 ft. or more l., 4-6 in. br.,
ovate-deltoid, with numerous pinne on each side, the lower ones lanceolate-
deltoid, 8-4 in. 1, 14-14 in. br., with lanceolate pinn/. cut down nearly to the rachis
into oblong-rhomboidal segm.; texture coriaceous; rachis scaly throughout ;
lower surface furfuraceous ; veéms immersed ; sord in two rows near the midrib.
—Hhk. Sp. 4. p. 24. t. 228, ;

Hab, New Zealand.—Very near the last, but the under surface downy, and segments
shorter and blunter. Species 19-24 are all very near to 18,

25. A. (Polyst.) eystostegia, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1, brown, shining, clothed
with large lanceolate pale-brown scales; fr. 6-9 in. L, 14-2 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate; central pinne close, ovate-deltoid, the lower ones distant and
reduced ; lower pénnl. oblong-lanceolate, deeply lobed, the teeth blunt ; teature
subcoriaceous ; colowr bright-green ; surfaces naked ; rachés densely clothed with
linear pale-brown scales; soré in two rows in the lower pinnl.; énvol. large,
very convex.—Hk, Sp. 4. p. 26. t. 227.

Hab. Mountains of N. Zealand.—A well-marked plant, scarcely more than herbaceous
in texture.

26. A. (Polyst.) Prescottianum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-4 in. l., clothed with large
lanceolate pale-brown scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinne, 1-14 in. 1., 4- in. br., cut down to
the rachis into several oblong-rhomboidal pinni. with aristate teeth ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis weak, stramineous, densely scaly throughout; veins
immersed; sori filling up nearly the whole breadth between edge and midrib.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 22. t. 223.

Hab. N. India, ascending to 12,000 ft.—Distinguishable from the other Himalayan
forms by its long narrow finely-cut flaccid frond,

27. A. (Polyst.) anomalum, Hk. & Arn.; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect,

254 43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

densely clothed, especially below, with large lanceolate pale-brown scales ; 7.
2-8 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br.; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 2-8 in. br.; penn. lanceolate,
cut down in the lower part into oblong segm. ; teeth blunt or slightly mucronate ;
teature subcoriaceous ; rachis more or less scaly ; both surfaces naked ; veins
obscure; sori placed near the sinuses of the pinnl—Hé&. Sp. 4. p. 27. Kew
Gard. Mise. 8. t. 11.

Hab. Ceylon.—A very curious plant, perhaps an abnormal form of 18. The sori are
often upon the upper surface, and sometimes quite destitute of involucre.

28. A. (Polyst.) amabile, Blume; st. scattered, 6-12 in. ]., slender, polished,
slightly scaly below ; jr. 1 ft. or more l., 6-9 in. br., with a lanceolate terminal
pinna and 8-6 lateral ones on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the
lowest sometimes slightly compound at the base ; segm. subrhomboidal, with at
least half the lower side cut away, 4-2 in. 1., $-$ in. br., the upper side and
outer part of the lower lobed and sharply spinuloso-serrated ; texture subcoria-
ceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ; lower veinlets in groups of 3-5; soré
submarginal.—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 25, t. 225.

Hab. Nepaul, Ceylon, Malaccas, Formosa, Japan.—This is nearest the simpler forms
of aristatum, but has a long terminal pinna, with subuniform large rhomboidal segments.

29. A. (Polyst.) tripteron, Kunze; st. 6-9 in. 1, densely clothed at the base
with Jarge ovate dark-brown scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1. with a large terminal
and two small spreading lateral pinne at the base of it, the former 23-3 in. br.,
with very numerous spreading pinnd. on each side, 1% in. 1., $-4 in br., very
unequal-sided, the point acute, the edge deeply inciso-pinnatifid, the lower lobes
again toothed, the upper side abruptly narrowed and the lower obliquely
truncate at the base; lat. pinne 3-5 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., with numerous
similar pinnl.; texture herbaceous; rachis nearly naked, stramineou€; soré
principally in two rows midway between midrib and edge.—H&, Sp. 4. p. 15.
2nd Cent. t. 56.

,

Hab, Japan and Tsus-Sima,.—A very distinct plant.
*ke® Lower pinnae more than once pinnate. Sp. 80-41.

30. A. (Polyst.) laserpitiifolium, Mett.; sé. 4in. 1., stramineous, scaly at the
base ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinne the
largest, with pinnl. on the lower side prolonged, lanceolate, imbricated with
small, distinct, bluntly, not deeply lobed segm.; texture subcoriaceous; colour
light-green ; both sédes and rachis glabrous ; sori in two rows occupying nearly
the whole space between the edge and midrib.—_Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 227.0. 6. fi 2.

Hab. Japan.—Differs from A. amabile by being more compound, with smaller, cuneate,
oblong, less-toothed segments and larger sori. Is Lastrea Standishii of gardens,

31. A. (Polyst.) varium, Sw.; rhizome subrepent; st. 6-12 in. L, densely -
fibrillose below ; fr. 12-18 in, 1., 9-12 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lower pinne
much the largest, subdeltoid, unequal-sided, 4-6 in. ]., 3-4 in. br.; pénnl.
lanceolate, imbricated, the lowest one on the under side much larger than the
others ; segm. oblong, blunt, faintly toothed, the teeth not awned’; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both surfaces naked; rachis slightly fibrillose ; sori principally in
two rows near the midrib; dnvol. peltate or reniform.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 80.
¢. 226. Lastrea, Hk. olim.

Hab. Japan, southward to Hong-Kong.—Habit intermediate between that of a
Lastrea and typical Polystichum.

32. A. (Polyst.) capense, Willd. ; st. scattered, 1-2 ft. 1.., firm, erect, greyish,

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 255

densely scaly below ; jr. 1-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid ; lowest pinne the
largest, 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.; pénnl. and segm. lanceolate, the latter bluntly
lobed, the teeth not mucronate ; ¢eatwre very coriaceous ; rachis strong, polished ;
-both surfaces naked ; veins immersed, pinnate; sor? 1 lin. br., in two rows
filling nearly the space between midrib and edge—Polyp. Z. A. coriaceum,
Sw. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 82. aaa ear

Hab. America, from Cuba to Patagonia ; Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, and
Australia ; Cape Colony, Natal, Mascaren Isles.

33. A. (Polyst.) flecum, Kunze; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; s?. scattered,
1 ft. 1, deciduously scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br.; lower pinne@ lanceolate-
deltoid, 6-9 in. 1, 4-6 in. br. ; penn. lanceolateedeltoid, cut down to the rachis
below into oblong bluntly-lobed segm. $ in. 1., 3-} in. br. ; texture coriaceous ;
teeth not awned ; veins beneath prominent; under swrface and rachises scaly ;
sort large, in two rows, occupying nearly the space between edge and midrib.—
A. Berteroanum, Colla. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 83. t. 229.

Hab. Juan Fernandez.—Closely allied to the preceding, from which it is distinguished
by its furfuraceous rachis and under surface.

34, A. (Polyst.) Seemanni, Hk.,; st. stout, erect, the upper part naked ; 7.
18-24 in. L, 1 ft. br. ; pinnae lanceolate, 6-8 in. 1, 2-22 in. vr. ; pénnl. distant,
sublanceolate, unequal-sided, 1-1} in. 1., 3-8 in. br., bluntly lobed, the lower
lobes reaching down nearly to the rachis ; texture coriaceous ; rachises and both
surfaces. nearly naked ; midrib of the lobes prominent ; sord 4-6 in each.—Hzé.
Sp. 4. p. 34. #, 230.

Hab. Panama, Seemann.—Very near the two preceding.

35. A. (Polyst.) ascendens, Hew. ; rhizome wide-climbing ; st. 1 ft. 1., straw-
coloured, polished, nearly naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. br., dimorphous; lower
pinne of barren fr. subdeltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in, br. ; pénnl. lanceolate-deltoid ;
segm. stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis in the lower part and
lobes acutely, not deeply toothed ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces
glossy, naked ; fertile segm. distant, 4 in. 1., 4 in. br., the edge undulated ; sori
in two rows, which are close to the midrib and fill up the lobes.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 82, t, 224, Dicksonia apiifolia, Si. teste Kuhn.

Hab. Jamaica.—In habit this differs entirely from the other species, and coincides with
Dicksonia conitfolia, of which Dr. Grisebach supposes it to be a dimorphic form.

36. A. (Polyst.) frondosum, Lowe; st. scattered, 1-2 ft. 1., strong, straw-
coloured or pale-brown, polished, densely scaly below ; /r: 18-24 in. ]., 1 ft. or
more br., subdeltoid, the lower pianw much the largest, 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
long-stalked ; pénnl. lanceolate, erecto-patent; segm. very unequal-sided, pin-
natifid, with rounded mucronate lobes, obliquely truncate at the base below ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, stramineous ; both surfaces naked ; lateral
veins of lobes often forked ; sord large, copious, principally in two rows near the
midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 31.

Hab. Madeira,

37. A. (Polyst.) aristatum, Sw. ; rhizome creeping ; st. scattered, 12-18 in. 1,
clothed, especially below, with linear or fibrillose scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. ]., 9-12 in.
br., ovate-deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne largest, 6-9 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., subdeltoid; lowest pinn/, much the largest, lanceolate-deltoid,
2-4 in. 1, with subdeltoid lower segm. ; teeth copious, aristate ; terture sub-
coriaceous, glossy ; both swnxfaces naked, rachis nearly so; sori small, prin-
cipally in two rows near the midrib ; énvol, sometimes reniform.—Q, A. conii-

256 43, ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

folium, Wall. ; more finely divided ; segms. copiously toothed, with lower lobes
distinct.—y, A. Hamiltonii, Spy. ; texture more coriaceous ; lower pinnl, 3-4
in. L, with large ovate-deltoid slightly lobed segments.—Z&, Sp. 4. p. 27.

Hab. Japan and Himalayas to Ceylon, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Samoa, N.S, Wales, and
Natal.—A. Cornu-Cervi, Don, is a deformed state of y, which differs from capense prin-
cipally by its aristate teeth, whilst the other varieties more resemble amabile and
frondosum. Dr. Thwaites assigns to 6 an erect caudex, and regards it as a good species.
Arachniodes aspidiotdes, Bl, is this, with the involucre fallen away.

38. A. (Polyst.) melanostictum, Kaze. ; st. scaly below, 6-12 in. 1., greyish ; fr.
18-24 in. L, 1 ft. br.; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pzmné. close, lanceolate,
1d in. 1, 4in. br., regularly cut down to the rachis into close, linear-oblong
nearly entire slightly falcate segm.; teature herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both
surfaces and rachis nearly naked ; sori 6-8 to a segm., placed in two rows filling
up nearly the whole space between midrib and edge ; invol. peltate, black in the
centre.—Hk, Sp. 4. p. 34, t, 233. B.

Hab. Mexico.

89. A. (Polyst.) melanochlamys, Fée; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, erect, densely
clothed, especially below, with dark-brown fibrillose scales; fr. 18-24 in. 1.,
9-12 in. br. ; pinn@ subdistant, erecto-patent, lanceolate, the lower ones 4-6 in. 1.
14-2 in. br. ; pinnl. distant, 3-1 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close,
oblong-falcate, entire lobes; texture herbaceous; colour dark-green; both
surfaces naked ; rachises fibrillose ; soré at the base of the lobes, principally in
the lower ones ; zvvol. peltate, black in the centre, the edge ciliated —H&. Sp. 4.
p. 85. t. 288. A. Lastrea, Moore.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, 1865, Wright, 830.—This and the preceding have the habit of
Lastrea, but peltate involucres,

40. A. (Polyst.) multifidum, Mett.; st. scattered, 6-12 in. 1., densely clothed
with large, ovate, nearly black scales; /r. 18-24 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate ; pinne close, spreading, the lower ones deflexed, 3-4 in. 1., 21 in.
br. ; pénnl. subdeltoid, close, unequal-sided, with ovate or spathulate segm., the
lower ones deeply pinnatifid, teeth not awned ; texture subcoriaceous 5 rachises
densely fibrillose ; sor? small, scattered.— Zé, Sp. 4. p. 35.

Hab. Chili, Lechler, 3060,

41. A. (Polyst.) stkkimense, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1, stout, striated, with
dark-brown ovate scales throughout; fr. 2-3 ft. ]., 12-15 in. br., subdeltoid ;
pinne close, lanceolate, spreading, the lowest 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br.; pénné. close,
lanceolate, unequal-sided, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong deeply
pinnatifid lobes with mucronate teeth; teature herbaceous; rachis slightly
scaly ; both sides naked ; sori usually one on the base of each ult. lobe.-—Polyst.
Sikkimense, Beddome, F. Brit. Ind. t. 127. Neph. Thomsoni, Hk, MSS.

Hab. Mon-Lepcha, Nepaul, 10-11,000 ft., Dr. Thomson,

42. A. (Polyst.) foenicul , Hk.; rhizome creeping ; st. scattered, 6-12 in.
,l densely clothed below with lanceolate reddish-brown scales; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
9-12 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, 4-5-pinnatifid ; lower pinna 6-8 in. l., 8-4 in. br. ;
Pinal. subdeltoid, 2-3 in. 1. ; _segm. close, cut down to the rachis, their lower
divisions sometimes again pinnatifid ; wl. divisions linear, 1 lin. 1., awned ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces glossy; rachis nearly naked ; sort solitary.—
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 36. t. 237.

Hab. Sikkim, 7-10,000 ft., 22%. fil. and Thomson, 274.

43. aspipium, §§ cyRToMIUM, §§§ CYCLODIUM. 257

§ Cyrtomium, Presi. Veins sometimes, but not invariably, uniting slightly
towurds the edge. Sp. 48-46.

43. A. (Cyrt.) abbreviatum, Schrad.; st. scattered, 1 ft. or more l., glossy,
smooth ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., simply pinnate; pinne 4-6 in.1., ? in. br.,
linear-lanceolate acuminate, slightly stalked, the edge bluntly lobed ; seature
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked; sori in two irregular
rows between the primary veins.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 88. t. 234.

Hab. W. Indies to S. Brazil. A. guianense, Klotzsch, is a form with free venation.

44, A. (Cyrt.) caducum, Wall. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, stramineous,
scaly below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., simply pinnate, with numerous stalked
subdistant lanceolate pinne on each side, 4-6 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge subentire, or more or less deeply lobed, sometimes down to
the rachis below; texture coriaceous; midrib below often fibrillose ; veins in
pinnate groups which are free or anastomose slightly towards the edge; soré
large, in one or two rows on each side.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 89. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 171.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 7,000 ft.

45. A. (Cyrt.) juglandifolium, Kze. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., clothed below
with large ovate scales; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 9-12 in. br., simply pinnate; pinne in
2to 12 pairs, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones stalked, 4-6 in. 1., $14 in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the edge entire or slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous ;
both surfaces naked ; veins close, pinnated, the lowest anterior branch free, the
groups free or anastomosing towards the edge ; sor? copious, scattered. H&.
Sp. 4. p. 88.

Hab. Mexico to Venezuela.—This corresponds to the genera Amblia and Phanero-
phlebia, Presi, the latter founded on a plant from which the involucre had fallen. In
Fournier’s Ferns of Mexico it is separated into five species.

46. A. (Cyrt.) falcatum, Sw.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. ]., densely clothed below
with large dark scales; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br., simply pinnate; pinne
numerous, the lower ones stalked, ovate-acuminate, falcate, 4-6 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the edge entire or slightly undulated, the upper side narrowed suddenly,
sometimes auricled, the lower rounded or obliquely truncate at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked, the upper one glossy; sori small,
copious, scattered.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 40. Fil. Ex. t. 92.—8, A. caryotideum, Wall. ;
pinne sometimes larger, sharply toothed, slightly lobed, sometimes auricled
on both sides at the base ; upper surface opaque.—Hk. Sp. 4.l.c. G. F.t. 18.

Hab. Japan, China, Himalayas, Madagascar, Neilgherries, Sandwich Isles, Kaffraria,
Natal.—It is impossible to separate our two varieties satisfactorily, The Japanese
C. Fortunei, J. Sm., is like a, but the pinnz are narrower and opaque.

pe ea a eee Veins pinnated, the opposite veinlets of contiguous
oups joining. Sp. 47-49.

47. A. (Cyclo.) meniscioides, Willd. ; st. 1-2 ft. l., scaly below ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1.,
1 ft. or more br., simply pinnated ; darren pinne sessile, 6-9 in. 1., 13-2 in. br.,
oblong-acuminate, nearly entire ; ¢extwre coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile
pimne much smaller; sori in two close rows between the primary veins.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 86. A. confertum, Hk. & Gr. Je. 121.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

48. A. (Cyclo.) Hookeré, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, erect ; 7. 2-3 ft.
1., 1 ft. br. 5 pinne 6-8 in. L, 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis inte
nearly, close, spreading, entire, linear-oblong lobes } in. br. ; texture herbaceous ;

2k

258 43. aspipium, §$§§ EUASPIDIUM.

rachis naked, substramineous ; veinlets slightly hairy, about 10 on a side, the
lowest pairs uniting; sori nearer the edge than the midrib ; énvol. orbicular,
membranous, reddish in the centre, scariose in the outer half.—A. nephrodioides,
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 42. t. 235. (non Klotesch).

Hab. Malay Archipelago, Scemann.—This has entirely the habit and texture of an
ordinary Ewnephrodium,-but the involucre is aspidioid,

§§§§ Euaspidium. Veins anastomosing copiously. as 49-55. A large number
of species placed here in Sp. Fil. which have the involucres of Nephrodium are
transferred to that genus. Aspidium, Schott.

e

49. A. plantagineum, Griseb. ; st. subtufted, 3-12 in. 1, often scaly throughout ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong, narrowed rather suddenly at both ends, entire
or slightly sinuated ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides naked ; midrib
below sometimes rather scaly ; primary veins distinct nearly to the edge, con-
nected by irregular fine areole with free included veinlets ; sord in two rows
between each primary vein; invol. often abortive—H&. Sp. 4. p. 43. Poly-
podium, Jacg. Sw, A. sinuatum, Moore,

Hab. West Indies, southward to Brazil and Peru.—This belongs to the genus Bath-
mium of Fée, who makes three species, and Dry is and Melanopteris of J. Smith.
Till lately it has always been placed in Polypodice.

50. A. platanifolium, Mett.; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, glossy, ebeneous ; fr. 6-9
in. each way, never compound, cordate, palmately 3- or 5-lobed, terminal division
subdeltoid, acuminate, lateral ones similar but smaller, basal ones sometimes
blunt ; ¢evtwre papyraceo-herbaceous ; midrib glossy like the stem; principal
veins distinct to the edge, connected by copious small areole with free included
veinlets ; sori small, scattered, very abundant ; invol. often absent.—A. angu-
Jatum, Hk, Sp. 4. p. 44. (not J. Sm.)

Hab. Malayan Islands.

51. A. angulatum, J. Sm. (not Hk.); sf. 1-2 ft. 1, glossy, ebeneous, scaly
below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, sometimes simple, usually with a large cordate-oblong
entire terminal pinna and 1-2 lateral ones on each side, the lowest 6-12 in. 1,
2-4 in. br., often forked at the base; textwre papyraceo-herbaceous; midrib
glossy, ebeneous ; primary veins distinct to the edge; areole fine, copious, with
free included veinlets; sori small, scattered, very abundant; énvol, minute,
fugacious.—Polypodium, Willd.

Hab, Malayan Islands,

52. A. trifoliatum, Swz.; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., brownish, scaly only at
the base; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with a large ovate-acuminate terminal
pinna narrowed or forked at the base, and 1 or 2 lateral ones on each side, the
lowest mostly forked ; tewture papyraceo-herbaceous; primary veins distinct to
the edge; a@reol@ fine, copious, with free included veinlets; sori in rows near
the main veins; énvol. 1 lin. br., orbicular, peltate—Hs. Sp. 4. p. 45.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.—A variable
plant. A. heracleifolium, Willd., is a form with pinne pinnatifid on both sides at the
base, and A. jimbriatum, Willd. (4. Plumieri, Presl), a large form, with more copious
and more scattered sori, and a less distinctly peltate involucre,

53. A. repandum, Willd. ; st. 1-2 ft.1., naked, greyish-brown ;/r. 2 ft. or more
1, 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid, with linear-oblong, slightly sinuated
lobes ; below this 4-8 pinne on each side, 6-8 in. 1., 14-14 in. br., acuminate at
the point, narrowed below, the edge bluntly sinuated, the lowest stalked and
forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge ; arcole copious,

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 259

with free veinlets ; sori in two distinct rows near the main vein ; znvol. orbicular,
peltate, § lin. br.—Mett. Aspid. 226.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 340.—In habit this is near Sagenia pachyphylla and poly-
morpha, but it differs from both by its distinctly peltate involucre.

54. A. caleareum, Presl; st. tufted, naked, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 1 ft. or more L.,
6-9 in. br., with 4-6 stalked distant pinne@ on each side below the pinnatifid
apex, the lowest deltoid, 6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br, cut down to the rachis below
into stalked lanceolate-acuminate deeply and blunt-lobed pinnl.; texture sub-
coriaceous ; areole not very abundant and mainly costular ; inzol. orbicular.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 46.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 310. e

55. A. membranaceum, Hk. ; st. tufted, about 1 ft. 1, nearly naked, with a few
spreading linear scales below ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; lower pinne much the
largest, subdeltoid, 6-8 in. 1, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. on lowest side much larger than
the others, with lanceolate-pinnatifid segm. with small oblong, sinuated lobes ;
texture thinly herbaceous ; colour pale-green ; veins anastomosing principally in
costal arches ; sori copious, principally marginal in the lobes.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 105.
A. giganteum, var. minor, H&. Sp. 4. p. 50. A. devexum, Kze. teste Det.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, W. China, Formosa.—Our description is taken from
living specimens sent by Dr. Thwaites. The involucre is truly peltate.

Gen. 44. Neppropium, Rich. (See page 493.)

Sori subglobose, dorsal or terminal on the veinlets. Zzvol. cordato-reniform,
attached by the sinus. A cosmopolitan genus, the species of which vary widely in
size, texture, outting, and venation.+ Tas. V. f. 44.

§ Lastrea, Presi. Veins all free. Sp. 1-153.
Fronds not cut down to the main rachis. Sp. 1-3.

1. N. decursivo-pinnatum, Baker; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., with linear scales
throughout ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1, 3-4 in, br. ; pinne@ linear, 1-2 in. 1., } in. br.,
the edge more or less ny ee the bases connected by a broad lobed
wing, the lower ones gradually reduced and sometimes distinct ; tezture her-
baceous 5 rachis scaly; under side slightly hairy ; lower veinlets subpinnate
sori copious, scattered ; invol. minute, eee 2 Van Hall, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 231. 2nd Cent.t. 49. Aspid. Kze. L. decurrens, J. Sm.

Hab. Japan, China, Formosa.

2. N. (Last.) pedatum, Hk. Hees tufted, 46 in. l., glossy, ebeneous ; fr. 3-4 in.
each way, cordate-deltoid, deeply pinnatifid; upper lobes broad, blunt, sub-
entire, lower deeply lobed on the lower side; tecture coriaceous; both sides

+ The character furnished by the shape of the involucre divides the original Aspidium
into two unequal halves. The two genera thus obtained have a closely similar range of
variation in cutting and venation, and it is by no means clear in which of the two several
species should be placed. It is perhaps scarcely needful to warn the young student to
bear constantly in mind that an Aspidium with an abortive or obliterated involucre is
not distinguishable from a Desmobryoid Polypodium. The number of species which have
been originally described as non-indusiate, in which a more or less (often very slightly)
developed involucre has been afterwards found to exist, is very considerable, and no doubt
more will be added to the list. :

260 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

naked ; veins in pinnated groups, casually anastomosing ; soré large, in rows
near the main veins.—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 84. Camptodium, Fée, Pachyderis, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies.— Habit of Sagenia, with most but not all the sori terminal on free
veinlets.

3. N. (Last.) Brawnianum, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more 1, naked, ebeneous ; jr.
12-15 in. 1, 9 in. by., subdeltoid, cut down to a rachis with a broad lobed wing
into. pinnatifid pinnw, of which the lowest pair is much the largest, with the
pinnl, of the lower side much developed, the lowest 2-3 in. 1., again deeply
pinnatifid, with toothed oblong Jobes i in, br. 3 texture papyraceo-herbaceous 5
rachis and under side pilose on the veins ; veindets of the ult. lobes forked ; soré
small, copious, terminal on the veins.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 84.

Hab. Columbia.—This also, like the last, has the general habit of Sagenia.

** Pinna entire or lobed less than one-third of the way down to the midrib.
Sp. 4-138. 2

4. N. (Last.) pusillum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-12 in. 1, ‘stramineous, pubescent ;
Jr. 8-12 in. 1., lin. br., linear, proliferous from the axils of the upper pinne ;
pinne numerous, }-} in. ]., } in. br., oblong, obtuse, the edge slightly crenate,
the base truncate ; ¢evture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface pubescent ;
veins simple or the lower ones forked ; sori medial ; imvol. membranous, densely
pilose.—Aspid. ett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 216.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 92.

5. N. ee) semihastatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, villose ; /7. 6-8
in. ]., 14 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinn@ close, ? in. 1, ¢ in. br., blunt, the
edge slightly sinuated, bluntly auricled at the base, the lower ones growing
smaller gradually, lowest pair deflexed ; texture Pe ee 3 ‘rachis
and under surface villose; upper veins forked, lower slightly pinnated ; soré
small, scattered.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 87.

Hab. Peru, Pappig.

6. N. (Last.) decipiens, Hk. ; st. wiry, substramineous; /r. 8-10 in. 1, 4-5in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinne spreading, 2-3 in. 1, 3 in. br., the edge very
slightly and broadly toothed ; lower pair stalked, about equalling the next ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachis slightly fibrillose; both surfaces naked; veins
pinnated, inconspicuous ; sor? in two rows near the midrib.— HZ, Sp. 4. p. 86.
t, 243.

Hab. China, Alexander.

7. N. (Last.) cuspidatum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more l., naked, densely scaly at
the base; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-6 in. |, 4 in. br., the edge sharply
inciso-serrated to depth of 3-1 lin.; ‘texture. papyraceo-herbaceous or sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; veéms in pinnated groups with 3-4

veinlets on a side; dnvol. fugacious.—Aspid. Metz. Polyp. elongatum, Wall.
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 234.

Hab, N, India, Ceylon.—Specimens recently received show the involucre clearly.

8. N. (Last.) podophyllum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, naked upwards, scales at
the base black and fibrillose; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-8 on each
side, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., $-g in. br., the edge nearly entire or with shallow,
broad, blunt lobes ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes, with 2-4 veinlets on a side, with sometimes a sorus on
each distant from the main vein.—/Zh. Sp. 4. p. 87,

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 261

Hab. Chusan and Hong-Kong.—This and the next differ from the rest of the group by
having a distinct terminal pinna similar to the lateral ones. In the others the apex of
the frond is pinnatifid.

9. N. (Last.) Sieboldii, Hk. ; caud. tufted, with large brown lanceolate scales ;
st. 6-12 in. 1., scaly below ; fr. with an entire or slightly toothed lanceolate-
oblong terminal pinna 8-12 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., and 2-4 similar ones on each
side, the lowest shortly stalked ; teztwre coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces
naked; veins in pinnated groups; sori large, copious, scattered—HZ&. Sp. 4.
p. 87. Fil. Ex. t. 81. Pyecnopteris, Moore.

Hab. Japan.—Pinne larger and fewer than in the last, and scales different.

10, N. (Last.) hirtipes, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more |., densely clothed with
long, blackish, fibrillose scales; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-16 in. br.; pinne 4-8 in. 1,

Zin. br., with broad blunt lobes reaching from a quarter to a third down,
ower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous ; rachises fibrillose like the stem ;
both surfaces naked ; veinlets 4-5 on a side; sort medial—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 115.
t. 249. <A. atratum, Wail.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—This con-
siderably resembles N. Filiz-mas in general habit.

11. N. (lest, subbiauritum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1, jointed about halfway down,
firm, nearly naked; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 4 in. br.; pénne@ close, spreading, the
longest 2 in. 1, $ in. br., the edge with shallow, blunt lobes, those on both
sides at the base larger than the others; texture herbaceous; rachis and
under side pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-5 veinlets on a side ;
sort terminal on the veinlets.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 85.

Hab. Bourbon.—This comes nearest. NV. albopunctatum, and bas similar white creta-
ceous dots above, and a jointed stem, so that it belongs to Arthropteris of J. Smith.

12. N. (Last.) punctulatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., dark
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1, 4 in. br.; pinne 2-24 in. 1., 3-Z in.
br., bluntly lobed about a quarter of the way down in the lower part; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the upper marked with white
eretaceous dots; veims in pinnated groups with 4-5 veinlets on a side; soré
terminating lateral veinlets ; znvol. distinctly stalked, persistent.

Hab, Cameroon Mountains (4,500 ft.), @. Mann.—This has very distinct white dots
above, but the stem does not appear to be jointed.

13. N. (Last.) macrotis, Hk.; st. tufted, 12-18 in.1., slender, pubescent; /r.
18-24 in. L, 8-10 in. br. ; pinne 4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut about a quarter of the
way down into blunt lobes, the apex acuminate, entire, the base with a large
auricle (3-4 in. 1.) on the upper side, all faleate, and the lower ones much
deflexed ; tezture herbaceous; rachis and under side pubescent; veinlets 3-4
on each side ; sori in rows near the main veins.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 86. ¢. 242. B.

Hab. E. Peru, Spruce, 3979.—In habit this is most like NV. refractum, but different in
colour and clothing. The groups of veins join not unfrequently.

*#*% Pinne cut more than halfway down to the rachis into close, regular, entire,
or nearly entire lobes. Sp. 14-73.

+ Veinlets simple. Sp.14-65. Involucre in many, but not all the species, thin
and fugacious.

A. Group of N. patens. Lower pinne hardly, if at all, reduced. Sp. 14-48.

14. N. (Last.) subobliquatum, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
14-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinn@ 3-6 in. 1, $1 in. br., unequal-sided below, the

262 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

inner edge of the upper side parallel with the rachis, of the under side oblique,
the margin cut about halfway down or at the base quite to the midrib into close
blunt lobes, the lower pinne distinctly stalked ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veinlets 4-6 on a side; sord medial ; invol. firm, naked.—
Polyp. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 240.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley.—Specimens recently received from Appun
show the involucre cleariy. It is not unlikely to be Willdenow’s A, emarginatum.

15. N. (Last.) insigne, Baker; fr. 1 ft. 1., 9 in. br.; pinne opposite, sub-
distant, sessile, 5in. 1., 14 in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis
into close, oblong, obtuse lobes, the lower ones deflexed ; tezture thin, both sides
naked ; rachis smooth, stramineous ; veins 12-16 on a side; sort medial ; invol.
minute, slightly hairy.—Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 247.

Hab. New Granada, T'riana.—Approaches WV. brachyodon in habit.

16. N. (Last.) gracilescens, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender,
naked; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., Gin. br.; pinne 2-3 in. L, 3-4 in. br., cut down
within a short distance of the rachis into close, linear-oblong entire lobes 3 in.
br., the lowest pair deflexed ; rachzs and both sides nearly naked ; veiniets 4-6
on a side ; soré nearly terminal ; znvol. naked.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 93.—8, N. glandu-
ligerum, Kze. (sub Aspid.) ; rachés hairy ; under surface slightly glandular ; znvol.
ciliated.

Hab. Java; 8, Japan, China, N. India.—Habit of N. Thelypteris, but a smaller plant,
with veinlets always simple.

17. N. (Last.) chrysolobum, Fée; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, slender, villose, scaly
velow ; fr. 6-9 in, L, 3-4 in. br. ; pinn@ 14-2 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into close, blunt, entire lobes } in. br., the lowest pair deflexed and
slightly stalked ; teature herbaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly villose
and grandular ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, with the sord near their apex.—MMett.
Lips. p. 90.

Hab. Brazil and Columbia.—A. Schottianum, Kze., is a form with slightly toothed
lobes. Most like NV. falciculatwm, but much smaller and less glandular,

18. N. (Last.) macrourum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more l., substramineous, nearly
naked ; fr. 8-4 ft. 1., 18-24 in. br. ; pinne 8-12 in. 1., 14 in. br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into subfalcate entire lobes 2 lin. br., with a space between them,
the basal lobes enlarged and pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under
side finely villose ; veendets 10-15 on a side, the sor? about midway between the
edge and midrib.—Aspid. Kau/f. N. schizotis, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 107.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 752; E. Peru, Spruce, 4030 ; Caraccas, Birschell.—Doubtfully
distinct from WV. patens, The lobes are not so deep, and very falcate, and the lowest lobe
on one or both sides is dilated and pinnatifid. Probably this is A. stipulare, Willd., but
none of our specimens have the dilated lobes nearly so large as in Plumier’s t. 23.

19, N. (Last.) patens, Desv. ; rhizome oblique ; st.1 ft. or more 1, naked or
slightly pubescentyyfen@-B.ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-9 in. 1., 4-3 in. br., cut
down about three-quarters of the space to the rachis into linear-oblong subfalcate
lobes, the lowest lobes not diminished ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces
more or less villose; veinlets 6-12 on a side; sori nearer the edge than the
midrib ; invol. persistent.—_Hh. Sp. 4. p. 95. :

Hab. Florida and Texas to Rio and Chili; Polynesia, Japan, Zambesi-land, Angola,
St. Helena. This has the general habit and soft herbaceous texture of molle, and it is
not always easy to separate them, WN, patens, J. Sm., is intermediate between the two,
having an erect caudex, with the lowest pair of veins joining. A. albicaule, Fée, seems
to belong here, and NV. pilosulum (Hk. Sp. 4. p. 102) to be a more hairy form than usual.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 263

20. N. (Last.) aitenuatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more l., firm, glossy, naked ;
Sr. 3-4 ft. 1, 2 ft. br. ; pinne 9-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., very acuminate at the point,
the edge cut three-quarters of the way down into entire, spreading, blunt lobes
J lin. br., the basal lobes much reduced, lower pinne slightly stalked ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis naked; under surface glandular ; vedniets 12-16 on a
side ; sori in a close row near the midrib.—Lastrea, J. Sm. (not Brack.).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 327.—Habit of Didymochlena polycarpa.

21. N. (Last.) abruptum, Baker ; st. 13 ft. 1., angular, slightly villose above ;
Jr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinne@ 6-8 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis into close, acute, faleate, entire lobes 3 in. br., the basal lobes
rather reduced, and the pinne on the upper side cut off in a slight curve ; texture
subcoriaceous, rigid ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ; zeinlets prominent,
12-16 on a side, with the sori near the apex.—Aspid. Kze. Met. (non Blume).

Hab. Peru.—General habit and texture of NV. invisum.

22. N. (Last.) Sloanei, Baker ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly ; sf. 1-2 ft.
1., smooth ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 1-2 ft. br.; pinne 6-12 in. 1, 4-3 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into entire, linear-subfalcate lobes 1 lin. br., the basal ones
the largest ; texture subcoriaceous, rigid ; rachis and under surface naked or
finely villose ; rezn/ets 10-15 on a side, with the sori midway between the edge
and midrib.—Polyp. invisum, Sw. non Forst. N. macrourum and Serra, Hé.
Sp. 4. p. 96-8. ‘

Hab. Mexico and Cuba, southward to Brazil and Peru.—A larger and more rigid
plant than .V. patens, with narrower and more acute lobes, and closer and more pro-
minent veinlets.

23, N. (Last.) immersum, Hk.; st. tufted, 2 ft. 1., or more, naked, sub-
stramineous; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 1-2 ft. br.; pinn@ often 1 ft. 1., 1-14 in. br., cut
down very nearly to the rachis into spreading linear lobes 1 lin. br., with more
than their own space between them ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis and
under surface naked or slightly pubescent and glandular; veinlets 10-20 on a
side ; sort submarginal, immersed so as to project on the upper surface ; ézrol.
subpeltate.—Hzé. Sp. 4. p. 112.

Hab. Assam, Philippines, Malaccas, N. Caledonia.—Perhaps the involucre would
justify our placing this in Aspidium, but in other respects it comes near the following
four speci L. caudiculata, Presl, is said to differ from this by its medial sori.

24, N. (Last.) Spekei, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., stramineous, slender, fibrillose ; /r.
18-24 in. 1., 9-12 in. br.; pinne 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to
the rachis, entire, those of the fertile frond 1 lin. br., those of the barren frond
wider; feature papyraceo-herbaceous; main rachis and that of the pinne slightly
fibrillose ; under side naked ; veinlets 8-12 on a side ; sort midway between the
edge and midrib; zzro/. subpeltate.

Hab. Johanna Island, Capt. Speke, Dr. Kirk ; Angola, Welwitzsch.—This comes near
the last, but the texture is thinner, the veinlets are fewer, and the sori medial, and not
immersed. A plant from the Cameroon Mouutains differs only by its more scaly
rachises.

25. N. (Last.) cirrhosum, Baker ; st. 9-12 in. 1, tufted, slender, glanduloso-
pilose, and fibrillose, especially below ; sf. 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. 3; penne spreading,
3 in. L, 3-2 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong entire
lobes 3 in. br. ; feature herbaceous; rachis fibrillose and viscose, and midrib
beneath slightly so; veinlets 5-6 on each side, with the sori nearly terminal._—

Aspidium, Schum. and Thonn. N. crinibulbon, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 92. t, 244.

264 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

Hab, Island of St. Thomas, W. Africa, G. Mann,—Very near N. Spekei, but smaller
in size, the veinlets fewer, and the rachises densely fibrillose and glandular, and sori
submarginal.

26. N. (Last.) gulatum, Hk. ; st. grey, glossy, naked ; fr. 3-4 ft, 1., 12-18 in.
br. 5 pinne 6-9 in. L, 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear,
blunt, entire, erecto-patent lobes 1 lin. br., with more than their own space
between them, lower ones slightly reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
under side finely pubescent ; veindets 10-12 on a side; sori quite marginal.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p..112. ;

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 94, 343.—Allied to the three preceding.

27. N. (Last.) obliguatum, Baker ; rhizome creeping; st. 8 in. 1., reddish,
densely pubescent ; fr. 1 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br., ovate-acuminate ; pinne lanceolate,
cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into close linear-oblong entire lobes ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; under surface and rachis densely villose ; veinlets
6-8 on a side, bearing the sori near the apex.—Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 76.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1628,—Allied to species. 23-27, but recognizable by
its villose stems and frond, : :

28. N. (Last.) albo-punctatum, Desv. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scandent, scaly
or naked; st. naked, greyish or ebeneous, jointed ; 77. 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ;
pinne spreading, 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut half down to the rachis or more into
oblong, blunt, entire lobes ; tevtwre herbaceous ; rachis pubescént and under side
slightly so; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-4 veinlets on each side; soré
terminal on the veinlets near the edge.—Hkh. Sp. 4. p. 85, Fil. Ex. t. 89.
Arthropteris, J. Sim.

Hab. Guinea, Natal, Angola, Mascaren Isles, FijiTbe pinne have white cretaceous
dots on the upper surface, as in Nephrolepis. N. Webbianum, Hk., from Amboyna,
appears to be a form of this, with a glabrous rachis and pinne less deeply lobed than the
type.

29. N. (Last.) calearatum, Hk.; st. densely tufted, . stramineous, villose
above ; st. 1 ft. 1., 3-6 in. bi.; pinne spreading, 2-4 in. ]., 2-2 in. br., cut
down two-thirds or more to the rachis into oblique, subfalcate, linear-oblong,
acute or blunt lobes; colour dark-green ; rachis villose ; texture herbaceous or
subcoriaceous ; under side more or less villose; veinlets 8-6 on each side; sori
medial ; invol. glabrous, persistent.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 93. N. falcilobum, Hé. Sp. 4.
p. 108.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Malaccas.—A well-marked plant,
with a considerable range of variation in cutting and texture. The lower pinnz are
sometimes but not usually reduced. WN. falcilobum is a form with broader pinne and
deeper and more spreading lobes than usual.

80. N. (Last.) viscosum, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more l., firm, erect, reddish- brown,
slightly scaly, finely villose; fr. 9-12 in. 1, 4-5 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinne close, 2-3 in. L, §-} in. br., cut nearly to the rachis into close, spreading
Nnear-oblong lobes under 1 lin. br.; teatwre herbaceous; colour dark-green ;
rachises villose ; under surface densely glandular ; veinlets 5-6 on a side ; sora
medial.—Lastrea, J. Sm.

Hab. Malacca, Cuming, 401; Philippines and Borneo, 7, Lobb.

81. N. (Last.) falciculatum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, clothed below with
dark-brown linear scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 8-10 in. br., oblong-deltoid ; pinne
4-5 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong entire
faleate lobes 13-2 lin. br., the lower ones not reduced ;~ texture herbaceous ;

44, nepHRopium, § LASTREA. 265

rachises slightly fibrillose, and both sides densely pubescent and glandular;
veinlets 8-10 on a side ; sord large, submarginal.— Hd, Sp. 4. p. 102.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil and Peru. ‘ he

32. N. (Last.) vestitum, Baker; st. 6-12 in. 1, stout, densely coated with
woolly lanceolate scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinne 8-5 in, 1, 3-1 in. br.
cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into blunt, entire, falcate lobes 2 lin. br. ;
tewture herbaceous ; rachis of the pinne densely clothed with broad furfuraceous -
scales ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, the soré close to the midrib—Polyp. Raddi.
N. Raddianum, Hé. Sp. 4. p. 98. t. 245.

Hab. 8S. Brazil.—The Mauritian A. nitidwm, Bory, is like this, except that the scales
are narrower and finer, and with this a Brazilian plant, marked “A. squamigerum” by
Mettenius, agrees.

33. N. (Last.) crdnitum, Desv.; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, densely clothed with
long, purplish-brown, fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-24 in. l., 8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid ;
pinne 4-6 in. 1., lin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into slightly falcate,
linear-oblong lobes 2 lin. br. ; lower pinnee deflexed ; tewture herbaceous ; rachis
and midrib more or less fibrillose ; veinlets 9-12 on a side ; sort medial.—H&. Sp.
4-p. 111. (in part), A. suleatum, KIA.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—This and the two preceding resemble one another
closely in habit, texture, and shape of the lobes, and in all three the involucre is thin
and fugacious. In A. pauciflorum, Kaulf., the scales are fewer, and not so distinctly
subulate, but it does not seem clearly separable.

34. N. (Last.) Ctenitis, Baker ; st. more than 1 ft. 1., clothed throughout with
black and ferruginous scales; /r. 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinne 8-9 in. 1.,
14-14 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into obtusely-toothed lobes, the lower
ones with a space between them, the lower pinne stalked ; texture subcoriaceous 5
upper surface with scattered short ferruginous hairs, lower with dark scales on
the midrib ; veinlets about 15 on a side; soré near the main veins; invol. per-
sistent, glabrous.—Aspid. Kze. Mett. Asp. p. 91.

Hab. Brazil.

35. N. (Last.) velleum, Baker ; st. 6 in. 1., densely clothed, especially at the
base, with long linear scales ; /r, 14-2 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br. ; pimne 3-4 in. 1, 2-1 in.
br., cut down to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes 14-2 lin. br.; teature
herbaceous ; under side naked ; rachises densely clothed with long, pale, bright-
brown fibrillose scales ; veinlets 7-8 on a side, the sori close to the midrib.—
Aspid. Willd. N. aureo-vestitum, Hk, Sp. 4. p. 101. ¢. 246.

Hab. West Indies.—This most resembles the three preceding, but the frond is nar-
rower and more elongated, and the clothing of the rachis is quite peculiar.

36. N. (Last.) caripense, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more l., firm, clothed principally at
the base with long, dense, linear scales; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.; pinne 4-6
in. ]., 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into close, blunt, entire
lobes 2 lin. br., the lower lobes reduced and lower pinne slightly stalked;
texture firm ; rachis nearly and both sides quite naked ; weinlets 12-15 on a side ;
sort medial ; énvol. small, fugacious.—Hé&. Sp. 4. p. 99. N. Tarapotense, Hk.
Sp. 4, p. 107.

Hab. Guatemala to Brazil and Peru.

37. N. (Last.) trichophorum, Baker; rhizome creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm,
pubescent upwards; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-9 in. br.; pinne 4-65 in. 1, 3-§ in. br.,
2L

“266 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA,

gradually narrowed from the base to the acuminate apex, all sessile, cut down
yery nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent, blunt, entire. lobes 2 lin. br. 5 teature
coriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath densely villose ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sort
marginal ; invol. large, persistent, villose.—Aspid. Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 23.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L'Herminier.—A. Capitaine, Fée, is very closely allied. A. aspe-
rulum, Fée, has narrower pinne and a decumbent caudex. All are from the same
island.

38. N. (Last.) ¢réste, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more l., naked or slightly villose ; /r.
2-4 ft. 1, 8-18 in. br. ; pinne 4-9 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down two-thirds of the
distance to the rachis into entire, bluntish or acute, subfalcate lobes 2-3 lin. br.,
the lower ones with a distinct stalk and the lowest lobe narrowed out into a
decurrent cuneate wing to it; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath
finely villose ; veinlets 12-15 on a side; sori medial ; invol. small, fugacious.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 104.

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil.—Distinguished by its rigid texture and the distinct
stalk of the lower pinnz, the pagina of which is narrowed down gradually into it, A
plant authenticated by Mettenius as A. monostichwm, Kze., seems to differ from this only
by the sori being confined to one at each side of each lobe at the base.

39. N. (Last.) tetragonum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more l., finely pubescent ;
jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid ; pinne 4-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br. cut half-
way down to the rachis or more into close entire lobes 14-2 lin. br., the lower
lobes gradually reduced and lower pinne distinctly stalked ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; veinlets 8-12 on a side; sori
medial ; invol. small, setose.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 103.

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil.—This agrees with the last in the character of the
lower pinne, but the lobes are shorter and blunter, and the texture is more herbaceous.

We cannot clearly distinguish A. lugubre, Mett., although favoured with an authentic
specimen.

40. N. (Last.) crassifolium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more l., glossy, slightly
villose; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br.; pinne 4-6 in. 1, 1-1} in. br.; dobes blunt,
falcate, 2-8 lin. br., reaching from half to two-thirds down to the rachis, the
lower ones distinctly stalked ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; both sides glossy, but the
rachises finely villose ; veindets 10-12 on a side, with the sord close to the midrib.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 114. Lastrea nephrodioides, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 199.

Hab. Philippines and Malaccas,—A closely-allied plant from Borneo (NV. Motleyanum,
Hk. MSS.) has the pinnz not cut more than halfway down, with medial sori, with the
groups of veinlets free in the fertile, but invariably anastomosing in the barren frond.

41. N. (Last.) echinatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. 1., clothed with long, spreading,
brown, lanceolate-subulate scales, scabrous when they fall; 77. 1 ft. i 8-9 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lowest pinne stalked, 5 in. 1., 7 lin. br., cut down to a
narrowly-winged rachis into close, linear-oblong, entire lobes ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis scaly like the stem; under surface thinly pubescent and glandular ;
pein ihe on a side; soré nearer the midrib than the edge.—Aspid, Met. Fil,
nd. p. 230.

_ Hab. Borneo, Korthals.—In this, as in the three preceding, the lowest veinlets some-
times join.

42, N. (Last.) Lepricurii, Wk. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., grey, deciduously villose ; fr. 2-3
ft. 1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinne: 6-8 in. |., 13 in. br., cut down within a short distance
of the rachis into entire subfalcate lobes 2 lin. br., furnished with a prominent
gland at the base, the lower ones sessile and lower lobes scarcely reduced ;

44. NEPORODIUM, § LASTREA, 267

texture coviaceous 3 rachis ant’ under side finely villose ; veéndets prominent, about
12 on a sidé; sori medial ; ixvol. firm, villose.—Ak. Sp. 4. p. 106.

Hab. Guiana, Leprieur ; Andes of N. E. Peru, &pruce.

43, N. (Last.) subfuscum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., greyish, villose ; /r. 2-3
ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br. ; pinn@ 6-8 in. 1, 1 in. or more br., cut down to a
broadly-winged rachis into spreading, blunt, entire lobes 2 lin. br., with a large
acute gland at the base, the lower ones sessile and lower lobes not reduced ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and under side finely villose ; veinlets immersed, about
8 on aside ; sor? medial ; zmvol. small, fugacious.

Hab. Cayenne, Lepriecur.
B. Group of N. conterminum. Lower pinne conspicuously reduced. Sp. 44-65.

44, N. (Last.) sanctum, Baker; st. densely tufted, slender, 2-3 in.1., naked
upwards ; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., lanceolate; pinmn@ distant, 4-1 in. l.,
14-8 lin, br., the point bluntish, the edge more or less deeply pinnatifid, the
lobes sometimes close and linear-oblong, sometimes distinct, linear, or spathulate ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked; under side slightly glandular ;
veinlets simple ; soré minute ; invol. very fugacious.—Polyp. Sw. Hk. Sp. 4.
Pp. 252.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala.

45. N. (Last.) exiguum, Hk.; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., slender, grey, naked ,
Jr. 8-10 in. 1, 1§-2 in. br. ; péenna@ Lin. 1, $$ in. br., blunt, cut down halfway
to the rachis or more into close blunt lobes; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis villose ; veinlets obscure, 2-3 on each side; sori near the midrib.—Hé.
Sp. 4. p. 92.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 251, 272.—An obscure plant.

46. N. (Last.) canum, Baker; st. densely tufted, 6-8 in. 1, slender, finely
villose ; fr. 8-12 in. 1, 3-4 in. br.; central pinne 2 in. 1, 3 in. br., gradually
narrowed from the base to the point, cut down nearly to the rachis into close,
slightly crenated lobes 4 in. br.; lower pinn@ distant and dwindling down
gradually ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, finely villose, and both sides
slightly so ; vetndets 6-8 on a side; sori submarginal ; énvol. thin, fugacious.—
Lastrea, J. Sm. Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 307.

Hab, Himalayas.—Habit of NV. molle, buta more slender plant, with gradually-reduced
lower pinne and free veins. If it is Wallich’s canum at all, it is so in part only, as some
of the specimens clearly belong to N. molle.

47. N. (Last.) Beddomei, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in.
1., slender, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate; central pinne
the largest, 14-2 in. 1, gin. br., cut down to the rachis into close, rather acute,
entire lobes under 1 lin. br.; lower pimne@ distant and dwindling down very
gradually ; texture firm; veins beneath villose ; veznlets 4-5 on a side, the sori
close to the incurved margin.—A. gracilescens, Thwaites (non Blume). LL. gra-
cilescens, Beddome. Fil. S. Ind. t. 110.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon (C. P. 1287), and Java.—This comes nearest the next
species, but is smaller and more slender, with much fewer veins, and the texture is
firmer.

48. N. (Last.) moveboracense, Desv.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st.
about 1 ft. 1., slender, stramineous ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br.; pinne spreading,
2-3 in. J., | in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes,

268 ‘44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

those of the barren frond the broadest; lower pinne small, deflexed ; veintets
rarely forked, 6-10 on a side ; éeature herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
sori scon confluent, in rows near the flat edge.—Z&. Sp. 4. p. 89.

Hab. Canada and United States.—Habit of NW. Thelypteris, from which it may be
known by its simple veins and reduced lower pinne. ‘

49. N. (Last.) conterminum, Desv.; st. densely tufted, 6-9 in. ]., naked or
villose ; 7. 12-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; central pinne the longest,
2-4 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into entire lobes about 1 lin. br., the
lowest lobes often enlarged, the lower pinn@ decreasing gradually ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or pubescent ; under surface often
slightly’ villose and glandular ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sort submarginal ; invol.
minute, fugacious— Ak. Sp. 4. p. 91.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico, southward to Brazil, Chili, and Bourbon.—This, which
appears to be abundant throughout Central America, has the general habit of V. The-
lypteris and noveboracense, with an erect caudex. We cannot distinguish clearly A. oligo-
carpum, Kth., A. Lindent, Kuhn, and A. pilosulum, Klotzsch. Fée makes of this a genus
Oochlamys, characterized by an involucre receding from that of typical Nephrodium
towards Aspidium, and enumerates seven West-Indian species.

50. N. (Last.) Aaulfussit, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, slightly pubescent ;
Jr. 14-2 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinne 3-4 in. 1., §-% in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into spreading, entire blunt lobes 2 lin. br., the
lower lobes not enlarged and lower pinne dwindling down gradually ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface finely pubescent ; veinlets
about 6 on a side ; sord medial ; énvol. fugacious.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 97.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil.—This differs from the last by its broader lobes and medial
sori. Both Mettenius and Grisebach unite it with oligocarpum.

51. N. (Last.) concinnum, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping; st, 6-12 in. 1.,
naked or slightly pubescent ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinne
3-4 in. 1, $-lin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into spreading or falcate
entire lobes $ in. br.; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly
villose ; veiniets 6-8 on a side; sort submarginal; znvol. minute, ciliated,.
fugacious.—Polyp. Willd.

Hab. Mexico to Chili.—This may be best known from the two preceding by its creeping
rhizome. A. rivulorum, Link, is said to differ by its medial sori, and the presence of a
gland at the base of the pinnz beneath ; and Pheg, adenochrysa, Fée, may be this without
an involucre.

52. N. (Last.) Sprengelit, Hk.; st. 6-12 in.1., stramineous, naked or slightly
pubescent; jr. 2-4 ft. 1, often 1 ft. br.; pinne 6-8 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into entire lobes 1-14 lin. br., the lower ones with a gland at
the base beneath ; teatwre herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; under surface naked or
slightly villose and glandular; veénlets 8-12 on a side; sori submarginal.—
Aik, Sp. 4. p. 94, A. tenerrimum, Fée.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala.—A much larger plant than N, conterminwm, with a
basal gland, and nearly twice as many veinlets.

53. N. (Last.) prolizum, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. L, firm, glossy, substramineous,
naked or nearly so; fr. 2-4 ft. ., 8-12 in. br.; pinnae 4-8 in. 1, 2-1 in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into entire or bluntish, often falcate lobes 1-14 lin.
br., with a prominent gland at the base beneath, the lower ones gradually
reduced ; ¢evtwre subcoriaceous; rachis and under side more or less villose;
veinlets prominent, 10-15 on a side; sori submarginal.—Aspid. Willd. N.
ochthodes, [z. Sv. 4. 0.109. N. appendiculatum, H&. 2. c.—B, NV. tylodes (Kee.

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 269

sub Asp.); sori in a line close to the midrib; rachis and under side nearly
naked ; lower pinne reduced suddenly.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Mauritius, and Bourbon.—The Mascaren plant (A. stipulaceum,
Mett.) has the lowest lobes sometimes dilated and pinnatifid, like those of V. macrourum.
Dr. Thwaites regards tylodes and ochthodes as probably distinct species. The two are
figured by Beddome, Fil. S. Ind. t. 106-7.”

54, N. (Last.) limbatum, Desv.; st. 4-6 in. 1, naked, glossy ; fr. 2-3 ft. l.,
6-12 in. br. ; pinne 3-6 in, 1., 3-2 in. br., with a gland at the base beneath, cut
down very nearly to the rachis into slightly faleate, entire, linear-oblong lobes
1-13 lin. br.; tevtwre papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis stramineous and both
surfaces nearly naked ; veinlets 6-10 on a side, the prominent persistent invo-
lucres protruding beyond the edge.—H/&. Sp. 4. p. 94, sAmauropelta, Kze.

Hab. West Indies. —Easily recognizable by the character of the involucre, on account
of which Kunze made for it a new genus,

55. N. (Last.) resino-feetidum, Hk.; st. 1-2 ft. 1., naked, scaly below ; fr. 3-4
ft, 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
close, linear, acute, entire lobes 4 in. br., with a space between them, furnished
with a gland at the base, the lower ones reduced to mere auricles; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and under side naked or finely villose ; veindets 10-15 on a
side ; sovi submarginal ; edge reflexed.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 105. (in part).

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce ; Bolivta, Mandon.—This is nearest N. Sprengelit, but
is a larger and more rigid plant, with very numerous lobes and veinlets, It is said to
have an unpleasant resinous scent when growing.

56. N. (Last.) Sprucet, Baker ; sf. 1 ft. or more 1., nearly naked ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-6 in. ]., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire,
spreading lobes 2 lin. br., with a considerable space between them, furnished
with a gland at the base, the lower ones dwindling down gradually ; ¢ezture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis slightly villose ; under side naked ; veinlets 8-10
on a side ; soré nearer the midrib than the edge ; znvol. large, distinct.

' Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce.—Distinguished from the last by its more herbaceous
texture, broader lobes, fewer veinlets, and medial sori.

57. N. (Last.) Bergéanum, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. L, naked or finely villose; jr.
13-2 ft. 1, 6-10 in. br. ; pinne 3-5 in. 1, 2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into close, entire lobes 4 in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under side more
or less villose ; veinlets 6-8 on a side; sori medial ; zmvol, small, fugacious.—
Polyp. Schlecht.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.—Perhaps a variety of WV. patens, but the lower pinne
reduced gradually. A. Gueintzianuwm, Mett., differs by the presence of a gland at the
base of the pinnz beneath. :

58. N. (Last.) tomentosum, Desv.; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., finely villose ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinne 8-5 in. 1., $1 in. br., with a gland at the base
beneath, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes, the lowest of
which are often larger than the others ; texture herbaceous ; lower pinne distant,
and dwarfed down to mere auricles ; rachis and under surface villose ; veinlets
8-12 on a side; sori nearly terminal. — Polyp. Thouars, N. thelypteroides,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 95. (non Michz.). A. rviparium, Willd.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Tristan d’Acunha.—This may be a luxuriant villose variety
of conterminum.

59, N. (Last.) globuliferum, Hk. ; st. tufted, smooth, naked, glossy ; fr. 13-2
ft.1., 1 ft. br. ; panne 4-6 in. L, Zin. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis

-

270 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

into close, distinctly-crenated lobes 14-2 lin. br. ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis
and under surface not hairy, but densely coated with golden viscose glands ;
veinlets 6-8 on aside; sori marginal; émvol. persistent, gland-ciliated —H&. Sp.
4, p. 96.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Brackenridge, Hillebrand.

60. N. (Last.) velatwm, Hk. ; st. 8-4 in. 1, densely clothed with large, ovate,
pale-brown scales ; /r. 14-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-oblong ; pénne@ 2-3 in. l.,
4-in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt, oblong, slightly-crenated
lobes 4 in. br. ; tevtwre subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly, like the stem ; veins
5-6 on a side ; sord marginal. H&. Sp. 4. p. 101. t. 247.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, 1901.—Well marked in the group by its very scaly rachis.

61. N. (Last.) palustre, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, stramineous ; /*.
2-8 ft. ]., 8-12 in, br..; pinne close, erecto-pateht, 4-6.in. 1, 2 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong, entire, slightly-falcate lobes in. br. ;
tecture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; wcinlets 6-8 on a side ;
sori filling up the greater part of the space between midrib and edge ; énvol. small,
ciliated.—Aspid. MMett.

Hab. Brazil, Lindberg, 633.—In general habit most like V. montanwm, but the lobes
narrower, and veinlets simple.

62. N. (Last.) diplazioides, Hk.; st. tufted, 6 in. or more l., densely clothed
with linear-spreading dark-brown scales; /r. 2-3 ft. ]., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-6
in. ]., 1-1} in. br., with a gland at the base beneath, cut down to a broadly-winged
rachis into nearly entire, linear-oblong subfalcate lobes 2 lin. br. ; tevture herba-
ceous ; rachis fibrillose, under side naked ; veinlets 8-9 on a side; sord near the :
midrib; invol. small, setose.—Hé. Sp. 4. p. 99. i

Hab, Columbia, Moritz, 408, Fendler, 159.— Distinguished by its herbaceous texture
and broad lobes, not reaching much more than halfway down to the midrib.

63. N. (Last.) pachyrachis, Hk.; st.6 in. or more l., nearly naked; fr. 2-3
ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 4-6 in. 1., #-1 in. br., with a gland at the base beneath,
cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into spreading entire blunt lobes 2 lin. br. ;
lower pinne dwindling down gradually to mere auricles; texture herbaceous,
under side naked ; veinlets 8-9 on a side ; sori near the midrib ; znvol. prominent,
glandular.—H&. Sp. 4, p. 100.

Hab. Venezuela, Moritz, 409, Fendler, 472.—Deeper cut than the last, and nearly
naked, with a more prominent and persistent involucre.

G4. N. (Last.) lonchodes, Hk.; rhizome creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1., glossy, naked ;
jr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinne 4-5 in. 1, re in. br., the lower ones with close
entire lobes 2 lin. br., reaching two-thirds of the way down ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and under surface finély pubescent ; veinlets 4-5 on each side 5 sort about
midway between the edge and margin.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 99.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1007-8.

65. N. (Last.) deltoideum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. L, densely clothed with
deciduous linear scales ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br.; pinne of the lower third or
quarter suddenly dwarfed, the larger ones 2-4 in. l., 2-1 in. br., cut two-thirds
of the way down into close entire lobes 2 lin. br. ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; rachis
villose, under side nearly naked ; veinlets prominent, 8-10 on a side ; sort nearer
the edge than the midrib ; znvol. very fugacious.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 108. Polyp. Sw.

Hab. West Indies. —Groups of veins not unfrequently slightly united. Easily recog-
nizable by the abrupt dwarfing of the pinnz below the centre of the frond,

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 271

++ Veinlets forked. Sp. 66-73.

66. N. (Last.) Thelypteris, Desv.; rhizome slender, wide-créeping ; st. about
‘1 ft. L, slender, stramineous ; 7r. 1-2 ft. 1, 4-6 in. br.; pénne spreading, 2-3
in. L, 3 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into entire spreading linear-
oblong lobes, those of the barren frond the broadest ; lower pinne equalling the
others; upper veinlets simple, lower ones forked ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; sori small, not confluent, in rows near the recurved edge.— Brit. F.
t.13.—8, WV. squamulosum, Hk. ; rachis of the pinne slightly scaly —Hz&. Sp. 4.
p- 88. Hemestheum, Newm. Lastrea Fairbankii, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 254.

Hab. Norway to Spain, Italy, Cashmere (5-6,009 ft.), and Amur-land; Cape Colony,
Natal, Angola, New Zealand ; United States, Canada, Bermuda, Japan.

67. N. (Last.) montanum, Baker ; st. short, tufted ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br.;
pinne 3-4 in. ]., 1 in. br. at the base, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into
close, blunt, oblong lobes ; lower pinne distant, and gradually dwarfed down to
mere auricles ; ‘texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, or slightly scaly below, under
surface glandular ; ower veins forked ; sori in rows near the edge.—Polyp. Vogler.
N. Oreopteris, Desv.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 90; Brit. F.t.14, Hemestheum, Neum.

Hab. Lapland to Spain, Greece, and Georgia.

68. N. (Last.) apiciflorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., clothed throughout with
linear spreading scales ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.; pinne close, lanceolate, the
largest 4-6 in. ]., 2-£ in. br., cut down to the rachis into uniform, close, blunt,
subentire lobes $ in. br. ; rachés more or less scaly ; texture herbaceous, under
side naked ; sorz 6-8 to a lobe, confined to the upper third ; énvol. firm, prominent.
—Hh. Sp. 4. p. 112. ¢. 248.

Hab. N. India up to 9,000 ft.—Like WN. Pilix-mas in general habit, but remarkable in
the sori being restricted to the tip of the lobes.

69. N. (Last.) microsorum, Hk. ; at. 1 ft. or more 1., fibrillose, especially below ;
jr. 2 ft. 1, 1 ft. br.; pinne 6 in. 1, 14-1} in. br., cut down to the rachis below
into close, blunt, entire lobes 2? in. br., lower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous 3
rachis fibrillose, those of the pinnze and lobes villose, under surface naked ; veinlets
8-9 on a side, most of them forked ; sor? midway between the edge and midrib.—
Hk. Sp. 4, p. 106.

Hab. Foot of Mount Chimborazo, Spruce.

70. N. (Last.) griseum, Baker ; st. firm, erect, grey, villose upwards ; fr. 13-2
ft. 1., 8-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinn@ close, 3-4 in. ]., 3- in. br., narrowed
gradually from the base to the apex, cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt,
entire lobes 2 lin. br., with recurved edges ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis villose,
and veins beneath slightly so ; veznlets about 10 on a side, mostly forked ; soré
small, submarginal ; invol. ciliated. Lastrea, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 335.

Hab. Cochin, S. Hindostan, Rev. Mr. Johnstone.

71. N. (Last.) sagenioides, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, 6-12 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, sealy below ; /r. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnae 3-6
in. 1., 1 in. br., the lowest pair rather shorter than the others, and deflexed ; lobes
cut down to a broadly-winged centre, linear-oblong, blunt, entire or slightly
crenate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis polished, like the stem; veznlets
6-8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori in rows near the edge ; znvol. fugacious.
—Aspid. Mett. N. melanopus, £. Sp. 4. p. 110.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles—A very distinct plant, resembling some of the

272 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

Sagenio, not in general habit, but by its polished, dark-coloured stem, and by the sori
being usually terminal on branch veins, A. zeylanicwm, Fée, is probably this species.

72. N. (Last.) syrmaticum, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. lL, naked, stramineous ;
Jr. 8-4 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br.; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 14-12 in. br., cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis into slightly-toothed lobes 2-8 lin. br., the lower ones stalked, the
lowest not much reduced ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veinlets 12-15 on a side, nearly all forked ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib.
—Aspid. Willd. N. spectabile, Hz, Sp. 4. p. 115.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Philippines, and Malaccas.—There is a form with medial
sori, and more distant and fewer (6-8) veinlets. - This also has the sori often terminal on
the branch veinlets, and not unfrequently the groups join at the sinus, Willdenow
supposed it to be a South American plant, doubtless by mistake,

73. N. (Last.) Filiz-mas, Rich. ; st. tufted, 6 in. or more 1., more or less
densely clothed with lanceolate scales; jr. 2-3 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br.; pinne@ lan-
ceolate, 4-6 in. 1, #-1} in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into close,
blunt, regular subentire lobes 14-2 lin. br., lower ones rather shorter than the
others ; teature herbaceous; rachis more or less scaly, under surface naked ;
lower veinlets subpinnate ; ¢nvol. large, convex.— Hk. Brit. F. ¢. 15.—6, N. affine
(Ff. & M, sub Aspid.) ; pinne not so blunt and with a space between them,
narrower and the edge more or less deeply toothed.—y, WV. elongatum, Hk. & Gr. ;
Jr. sometimes 3-4 ft. 1, 2 ft. br., subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 1 ft.
or more |., 4-6 in. br. ; -pénni. close, lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis
into oblong crenated lobes ; znvol. 4-4 lin. br.—Jc. Fil. t. 284.—0, WN. cochleatum,
Don ; sterile and fertile fr. different, the pinnl. of the former broad-leafy, the
lower ones deeply lobed, those of the latter much contracted, the two rows of
large sori with prominent convex énvol. often 1 lin. br., occupying their whole
surface.—Arthrobotrys, Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p.116. Dryopteris, Schott.

Hab. a and 6 throughout Europe and Asia, from Lapland to Japan and the Malay
Isles, ascending to the Himalayas to 15,000 ft. ; Madeira, Sandwich Isles ; America, from
Greenland along the Rocky Mountains and Andes to Peru. y, Azores, Madeira, Guinea
Coast, Cape Colony, Mascaren Isles, Abyssinia, E. Indies, 8. United States. 6, Hin-
dostan and Malaccas.—The extremes as described differ widely, but we.cannot draw any
clear line between them. A. Schimperianwm, canariense, Ludovici , and marginatum,
none of them seem clearly separable from y, which might be looked for in group 7.

24% Pinnee cut nearly or quite down to the rachis into toothed or pinnatifid
lobes. Sp. 74-87.

74. N. (Last.) Presi, Baker; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, deciduously fibrillose ;
Jr. 6-9 in. L, 4-5 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; upper pinne lanceolate, close, lowest
pair deltoid, the upper pinni. 2 lin. br., blunt, entire, the lower ones pinnatifid,
with similar lobes and broad uncut centre; texture subcoriaceous; rachis
fibrillose, both surfaces naked ; sori about 6 to the lower lobes, dorsal on the
veins, nearer the midrib than the edge.—L, propinqua, Presi & J. Sm. (in part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 255.—This agrees in cutting with the small forms of
N. membranifolium, but the texture is thicker, and the sori are dorsal, not far from the
base of the obscure veinlets,

75. N. (Last.) Goldieanum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, clothed with large dark
scales below ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br., ovate-deltoid ; lower pinne 6-9 in.
1, 2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-lanceolate subfalcate,
slightly-toothed lobes; rachis and both surfaces naked ; teature herbaceous ;
veinlets obscure, forked; soré in rows near the midrib. Hs. Sp. 4. p. 121.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 102. i

Hab. Canada to Kentucky.—This comes nearest NV. Filix-mas, which is not found in
the Northern United States,

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 273

76. N. (Last.) marginale, Mich. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., clothed principally at
the base with large lanceolate concolorous scales; /7. 18-24 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinn@ 3-4 in. 1, 1-1} in. br. ; pinnd. ovate-oblong,
blunt, nearly entire ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ; teature herbaceous ;
lower veindets of the pinnl. pipnate ; sori marginal.— HA. Sp. 4. p. 122.

Hab. Canada and United States.—A bout midway between the typical form of Filix-
mas and eristatum in general habit.

77. N. (Last.) dacerum, Baker ; st. 4-8 in. 1., densely clothed below with large
ovate-lanceolate scales; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-10 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; pinne 4-5
in. l., 15-2 in. br., lanceolate ; upper pinnl. confluent, lowest free, lanceolate,
acute, subfalcate, nearly entire, but the lower ones auricled on both sides of the
base; texture subcoriaceous; rachises rather scaly; both sides naked; sori
confined to the upper third of the frond, occupying nearly the whole of the con-
tracted pinul.; invol. 4 lin. br.—Polyp. Thunb. Lastrea, Eaton.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima.—Very near some of the Indian forms of Filix-mas, but
admitted as distinct’ by Eaton and Mettenius.

78. N. (Last.) erythrosorum, Hk.; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., more or less densely
clothed with long lanceolate and linear scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; pimne lanceolate, the lowest the largest, 5-6 in. 1, 14 in. br.,
cut quite down to the rachis below into oblong-bluntish pinnl. 2-3 in. br., the
edge slightly, sometimes spinosely, toothed ; ¢eature firm but herbaceous ; both
sides naked ; rachis slightly scaly ; sor? in rows of 6-9 to a pinnl. near the
midrib ; z#vol. 4 lin. br., flat, bright-red when young.— HZ. Sp. 4. p. 120. ¢. 258.

Hab. Japan and China.—Intermediate in appearance between Aspid. varium and
N. Filizx-mas.

79. N. (Last.) floridanum, Hk.; st. 6 in. or more 1., with a few ovate con-
colorous scales; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate; fertile pinnae
confined to the upper half, close, lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down to
a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong, slightly crenated, blunt pinnl., with their
own breadth between them and two rows of sori reaching from the midrib
nearly to the edge; barren pinmnw broader, the lower ones rather reduced and
subdeltoid, all not so deeply cut and the pinnl. close; texture herbaceous, both
sides naked.— Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 99.

Hab. Louisiana and Florida.—Perhaps a form of N. cristatum, with which it agrees
in its barren pinne, differing in its dimorphous fertile ones.

80. N. (Lasi.) eristatum, Mich.; st. tufted, 6 in. or more L., sparingly clothed
with ovate concolorous seales; fr. 12-18 in. L, 3-5 in. br., narowly oblong-
lanceolate ; lower pinne deltoid, 2 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., the lowest pair about
equal to the next, cut down nearly, or quite, to the base below into broad,
blunt, oblong, slightly pinnatifid pinnd. ; teeth not aristate ; texture herbaceous ;
stramineous rachis and both sides nearly naked; invol. naked.—Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 121.—f, WN. ulejinosum (New. sub Lastrea) ; fr. broader ; pinni. more acute
and more deeply cut, teeth mucronate.—Brit. F.t.17. A. spinuloso-cristatum,
Lasch.

Hab. Scandinavia to N. Italy and Greece ; Hudson’s Bay territory, Canada, United
States.—Our # is a connecting link between cristatum and spinulosum, the barren fronds
resembling most the former, and the fertile ones the latter.

81. N. (Last.) borneense, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely fibril-
lose; st. 6 in. 1., firm, erect, brown, naked; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.,
lanceolate ; pinn@ 2-3 in. 1., 2 to 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis
into linear-oblong deeply pinnatifid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins

2M

274 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

beneath finely villose ; veinlets about 6 on a side, with a sorus on each midway
between midrib arid edge} invol. coriaceous, persistent.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 111.
2nd Cent. t. 93. Davallia, Kuhn, Ann. Mus, Lug. Bat. iv. 286.

Hab. Borneo.—Habit of N. flaccidum, but quite different in texture and mode of
growth, in which it approximates towards Zudavallia, in which it is placed by J. Smith.

82. N. (Last.) Salvini, Baker; st. tufted with a tuft of long brown linear
scales at the base, and a few upwards, 6-9 in. 1.; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
lanceolate ; pinne close, lanceolate, 14-2 in. 1., in. br., cut down to the rachis
below into imbricated oblong pénn/. with blunt lobes reaching about halfway
down ; teature herbaceous, firm ; rachis and midrib of the pinne slightly scaly ;
veinlets forked ; sort at the base of the lobes often 1 to each ; znvol, naked, firm.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin and Godman.—Most like N. flaccidum in cutting, but quite
different in other respects.

83. N. (Last.) flaccidum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more ]., slender, stramineous,
naked ; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.; pinue 8-4 in. L, 1 in. br., cut down to
a rachis with a narrow distinct wing into oblong lobes 2 lin. br. cut about half-
way down ; lower pinne distant, shorter than the others and deflexed ; texture
herbaceous ; the stramineous rachis and under side villose ; veinlets forked or in
the lower lobes subpinnate ; sord about midway between the edge and midrib.—
Aik. Sp. 4. p. 188. t. 263. :

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java.—General habit of some of the
least-cut forms of A. Pilia-femina.

84, N. (Last.) Brunonianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., black, densely clothed
with large dark-brown lanceolate scales; jr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with
numerous, close, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, blunt pinne, the lower ones reduced,
the largest 14-2 in. L, Zin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into sharply-
toothed blunt lobes 14-2 lin. br.; tezture herbaceous; rachises ebeneous and
more or less clothed with long fibrillose scales; under surface naked ; soré
copious, about midway between the edge and midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 118. ¢. 251.

@

Hab. Himalayas, 12-15,000 ft.

85. N. (Last.) barbigerum, Hk.; st, tufted, 6-12 in. 1., densely clothed with
large bright-brown scales and soft silky hairs; fr. 2-3 ft. l., 6-12 in. br. ; pinne
close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1, 1-1} in. br.; pinnl. close, oblong, blunt, the lower
ones pinnatifid, the lobes with copious aristate teeth, the edge often incurved ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises clothed like the stem ; midrib beneath rather scaly ;
sori in rows close to the midrib of the pinnules.—A&. Sp. 4. p. 118.

Hab. Himalayas, 11-13,000 ft.—This and the preceding are closely allied to one
another, but not likely to be confused with anything else. 5

86. N. (Last.) sefosum, Baker; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., densely clothed with
fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.; lowest pinne the largest, deltoid,
4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, 14-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis below
into erecto-patent, entire, linear segm.; teature herbaceous; rachises densely
fibrillose ; both surfaces naked ; veinlets of the segments 5-6 on a side, the lower
ones forked; soré in a line close to the midrib.— A. setosum, Blume / (non
Swartz).

Hab. Java, Blume, Mitlett.

87. N. (Last.) Welwitschii, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., pubescent and fibrillose ; 7.
18 in. 1., 1ft. br.; lower pinne ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. ]., 2 in. br., cut down
nearly or quite to the rachis into linear-oblong pinnl. 3-2 in. br., of which the

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 275

central ones are the largest, and cut into close lobes more than halfway down to
the rachis, but the upper and lower ones nearly entire ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises finely fibrillose, under side opaque, and scattered over with short, stiff,
shining hairs ; veinlets forked or subpinnate in the lobes; sort in rows a short
distance from the midvein of the latter ;'invol. small, hairy.

Hab. Angola, Welwitzsch.—This seems a very distinct plant.

*¥*=% Group of N. spinulosum; caudex erect, fronds small or middle-sized,
tri- or quadripinnatifid ; involucres firm, persistent. Sp. 88-117. Lophodium,

Newm.
+ Fronds oblong-lanceolate or oblong-deltoid. Sp. 88-101.

88. N. (Last.) viridescens, Baker; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1, naked, polished;
brownish, glossy, with a few lanceolate scales near the base ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft.
br.; lower pinne the largest ; pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, with broad,
blunt lobes with a few sharp teeth, the lowest 2-3 in. ]., and cut down nearly to
the rachis ; tecture herbaceous ; colour bright green ; rachis polished ; both sides
naked ; sori in rows near the midribs of the pinnls. ; znvol. 4 lin. br., naked.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 89, 377.—A connecting link between this group and the last.

89. N. (Last.) fragrans, Rich.; st. densely tufted, very short, clothed. with
large ovate concolorous scales; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinne #-1 in. 1., -2in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below into oblong
lobes, which are again toothed or pinnatifid; lower pinne reduced gradually ;
texture coriaceous ; rachises densely scaly ; veins subpinnate in the lower lobes of
the pinnules, the lower part of which is often quite covered with the sorz ; invol.
very large and membranous.— HE. Sp. 4. p.122. Hk. & Gr. t. 70.

Hab. Caucasus to Kamschatka, and Arctic America to Wisconsin.

90. N. (Last.) rigidum, Desv. ; s*. tufted, 6 in. 1., densely clothed below with
large lanceolate or ovate concolorous scales ; f*. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate ; largest pinnew 2-3 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the pinnl. of the lower half
free, ovate-rhomboidal, cut down nearly to the rachis below ; teeth mucronate ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises usually scaly ; under side slightly glandular ; veznlets
subpinnate in the lower lobes of the pinnules; sori close to the midrib ; znvol.
firm, prominent, fringed with glands.—Hé. Sp. 4. p. 160. B. F. t. 16.

Hab. Britain to Spain, Greece, Syria, and Asia Minor; California, N. W. Mexico.—
The S. European and American forms (A. pallidum, Link, and A. argutum, Kaulf.) have
the lower pinnules often 1-14 in, 1., with the veins copiously pinnate in the lower lobes.

91. N. (Last.) spinw’osum, Desy.; st. tufted, about 1 ft. 1., sparingly clothed
with ovate concolorous scales; /r. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
lower pinne subdeltoid, 3-4 in, 1., 14-2 in. br., the lowest pair about equal to the
next ; pinnl. ovate-lanceolate, the largest about 1 in. 1, 4 in. br., cut down to
the rachis below into close oblong lobes with copious aristate teeth ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis stramineous, scarcely scaly ; under surface not glandular ;
colour pale-green; invol. not gland-ciliated.—Hk. Brit. F. t. 20.—B, N. dila-
tatum, Desv.; scales denser and narrower, dark-brown in the centre; fr. ovate-
lanceolate or subdeltoid, larger and more deeply cut, the colour a darker and
brighter green, the pinn@ closer, the under surface often finely glandular, the
invol. gland-ciliated._Hk. B. F.t.19.—y, N. remotum (A. Br. sub Aspid.) 5 scales
lanceolate, concolorous, extending tu the rachis; jr. oblong-lanceolate, about
2 ft. 1., 6 in. br.; pinne lanceolate, close; pinnl. ovate-oblong, only the lowest
free, the largest about 1 in. 1., 4 in. br., cut halfway down to the rachis or
more, spinulose teeth few ; under side and énvol. not glandular.—Hk. Brit. F.
t. 22.—8, N. Boottii (Tucker., sub Aspid.) ; habit and scales of a ; pinne distant,

~*~

276 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA,

lanceolate ; lowest pinni, scarcely free, the largest about $in.]., fin. br., cut
from one-third to halfway down to the rachis below.—L. collina, Newm.—
&, lepidota, Moore ; rachises chesnut-brown, scaly ; /r. subdeltoid ; lower pinne
deltoid, 5-6 in. each way ; lowest pénn/. much the largest, often 3 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
its segm. cut down to the rachis below and with lobes again deeply pinnatifid.—
Hk, Sp. 4, p. 127.

Hab. Arctic Europe and America southward to Madeira, the Mediterranean, W.
Himalayas, and Carolina, and found also sparingly in Bourbon and Cape Colony.—A
very variable plant. Var. y is the most distinct form, and from this a recedes in the
direction of NV. cristatum, and y towards Filix-mas, The common N, American form
(A. intermedium, Muhl.) has an oblong-lanceolate frond and pale scales, but is generally
larger and more finely cut than our typical plant. Z. glandulosa, Newm., is most like B,
but the scales are few and pale, and the frond is narrower, with the under side more dis-
tinctly glandular. ;

92. N. (Last.) Hatoni, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., stramineous, clothed copiously with .
squarrose purplish fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-18.in. L., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ;
upper pinnae lanceolate, lowest pair subdeltoid, 4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in, br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, close, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close, blunt, sub-
entire, linear-oblong lobes ; tevtwre herbaceous; rachis stramineous and fibril-
lose like the stem ; under side slightly villose and glandular ; sor¢ small, copious ;
invol, gland-ciliated.

Hab. Kakeah and Loo Choo Isles, E. Asia, C. Wright.—Habit and cutting of WV. dila-
tatum, from which it differs by its dense fine spreading hair-like scales and slightly
villose rachises and under surface.

93. N. (Last.) patulum, Baker; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., stramineous, scaly
towards the base ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnae lanceolate,
3-6 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., the divisions sometimes spathulate, not cut down quite to
the rachis.and nearly entire, but more usually the lower ones free, subdeltoid,
and deeply pinnatifid ; texture firm, herbaceous; colour pale-green:; rachis and
both surfaces naked; sori? in rows about midway between the edge and
midrib ; énvol. naked, conspicuous.—-N. mexicanum, H&. Sp. 4. p. 188. ¢. 267.
B, A. cherophylloides, Moritz; more compound, lower pinne sometimes 9-12
-in. lL, 3-4 in. br.; pinnd. lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong
crenated lobes,

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador.—The involucres are sometimes
orbicular and peltate. There is a wide range in cutting between the extremes, 6 re-
sembling the larger forms of Felix-mas.

94. N. (Last.) sparsum, Don ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1, scaly only towards the
base, stramineous and glossy upwards; /r..1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., ovate-lan-
ceolate ; lowest pinne the largest, 4-6 in. 1., 13-2 in. br. ; lowest pinnl. sometimes
compound, the others lanceolate, unequal-sided, pinnatifid, with oblong, blunt
lobes; teature firm, herbaceous; rachis naked or slightly scaly, both sides
naked ; colour pale-green ; sort usually one to each lobe near the midrib ; ézvol.

naked, flat, 1 lin. br.—N. purpurascens, Hé&. Sp. 4. p. 182, t. 262.

-Hab. N. India to N. China, Ceylon, and Malay Isles; Mauritius.—This species
resembles the last, and rivals it in range of size and cutting. Mettenius regards
A. purpurascens, Blume, as distinct, characterized by being more rigid in texture, with
divisions not so unequal-sided and the frond larger and more divided. L. delividea,
Beddome, ¢. 248, from Ceylon, has subdeltoid fronds and pinnules 4-2 in. br.

95. N. (Last.) undulatum, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., scaly towards the
base, glossy, and stramineous upwards ; fr. 1 ft. or more L., 6-8 in. br., ovate-
€eltoid, the main rachis very distinctly zigzag, the pinnw deflexed and then

curved upwards, imbricated, subdeltoid, the lowest pair the largest, 4-6 in. L,

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 277

2-3 in. br. ; secondary and tertiary rachises also zigzag ; lower pinn/. subdeltoid ;
segm. 2-3 lin. br., ovate-rhomboidal or pinnatifid ; both sides naked ; colour pale-
green ; soré large, 3-4 to the lower segm. near the midrib—Aspid. Thwaites.
Lastrea, Beddome, Fil. S. Ind. t. 271.

Hab. Ceylon, C. P. 3858.—Perhaps not distinct from the last, with which it agrees,
except in the peculiar zigzag rachises.

96. N. (Last.) deparioides, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more 1, firm, slightly scaly
below; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, 8-10 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; lower pinne 4-6 in. I.,
2 in. br., lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into unequal-sided, stalked,
deltoid pinnl. with broad, blunt subquadrangular lower lobes and prominent
teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; soré terminal in the
teeth, which the convex involucres quite conceal.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 189. Fil. Ex.
t. 3. Diclosodon, Moore.

Hab. Ceylon and S, India.—Teeth very distinct and sor’ quite terminal, so the plant
resembles Deparia, a character quite unique in the genus.

97. N. (Last.) Thwaitesii, Baker ; st.1 ft. or morel., slender, stramineous,
slightly scaly below; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-8 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinne
lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1, 1} in. br.; pinnl. distant, subdeltoid, unequal-sided,
slightly bluntly lobed below, obliquely truncate at the base on the lower side ;
colour pale-green ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; sorz
small, quite marginal ; imvol. naked.—A. concinnum, Thwaites (non Mdt.).

Hab. Ceylon.—Very like the last in outline, but quite different in fruit.

98. N. (Last.) spherocarpum, Hk. ; st. 6 in. 1., slender, stramineous, clothed
below with a few lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. ]., 6-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ;
lower pinne 3-4 in. ]., 2 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinn/. lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis below into small oblong toothed lobes; ¢ezture herbaceous; rachis
stramineous, slightly scaly ; both serfaces naked ; sori mostly solitary at the
base of the lobes; invol. large, reniform, membranous.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 139.
Athyrium, Fée.

Hab. Mexico.—Thinner in texture than NV. mexicanum, and the fruit different.

9% N. (Last.) athamanticum, Hk.; st. tufted, stout, stramineous, 1 ft. 1.,
clothed at the base with large concolorous linear scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate ; pinnw imbricated, the lower ones 4-6 in. ]., 2-3 in. br., the
pinni. cut down to the rachis below into blunt oblong-rhomboidal lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; colour pale-green, the stramineous rachis and both sides naked ;
veinlets immersed, copiously pinnate in the lower lobes ; sorz close to the midrib ;
invol. large, persistent.—Hé. Sp. 4. p. 125. ¢. 258.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal and Angola.—Most like N. sparsum in texture, but more
divided.

100. N. (Last.) ineguale, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more 1, with a dense tuft of
reddish-brown lanceolate scales at the base and a few upwards; jr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; lower pinn@ rather shorter and broader than the
next, which are 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down nearly to the
rachis into oblong spinaso-serrated segm.; texture herbaceous; colour dark-
green ; rachises and both surfaces nearly naked; sori in two rows near the
midribs ; énvol. firm, naked.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 125.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal_—Intermediate in habit between NV. spinulosum and the
large forms of Filix-mas.

101. N. (Last.) Falconeri, Hk. ; s#. 1 ft. 1, densely clothed throughout with
concolorous scales, varying from ovate to subulate ; fr. 1}-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br.,

278 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

oblong-lanceolate ; pinne 4-5 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., largest pémnl. lin. 1., 3 in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong, blunt lobes with revolute edges ;
teature herbaceous ; rachises densely fibrillose ; sori in rows close to the midrib
of the pinnl—H&. Sp. 4. p. 128. t. 254,

, Hab. Cashmere, Falconer.—Seems a well-marked species, most like NV. fragrans on a
large scale.

tt Fronds subdeltoid. Sp. 102-117.

102. N. (Last.) stépétatwm, Baker ; st. 8-9 in. 1., flexuose, densely scaly at the
base; jr. 8-4 in. each way, deltoid ; pinne 6-9, the lowest 14 in. ]., unequal-
sided, ovate-lanceolate, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong,
obtuse lobes, the lowest subpinnate ; veinlets of the lobes 4-6 on a side, the lower
ones forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori close to
the midrib ; znvol. coriaceous, glabrous, persistent.—Aspid. Mett. p. 60.

Hab. Ladrones, Mertens.— With this we are not acquainted.

103, N.-(Last.) Aértum, Hk.; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1. wiry, brown, densely
fibrillose ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pimne much the largest
and lowest pinnl. larger than the others, which are $-1 in. 1., $-8 in. br., cut
down to the rachis below into spathulate, usually entire, blunt lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; colour bright-green; rachises fibrillose; under surface glandular ;
veinlets pinnate in the lower lobes; sori small, distant from the midrib.—H&.
Sp. 4. p. 128. Cystopteris, Klotech.

Hab. West Indies, and gathered also by Mr. Curror in West Tropical Africa.

104, N. (Last.) sguamisetum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, densely clothed with
linear and upwards with fibrillosé scales; 7. 1 ft. or more |., 8-9 in. br.,
subdeltoid ; lower pinne the largest, subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1, 2-3 in. br.; pinnl.
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into pinnatifid, blunt, oblong-
deltoid lobes ; teature firm, herbaceous ; rachises fibyillose ; both sides naked ;
soré in rows near the midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 140. ¢. 268. :

Hab. Fernando Po (4,000 ft.), G@. Mann.—Most like sparsum and mexicanum in cutting
and texture. Kuhn reports it from Bourbon and Mount Kilimanjaro.

105. N. (Last.) chinense, Baker ; caud. decumbent ; st. about 6 in. 1., slender,
substramineous, clothed throughout with linear dark-brown scales; jr. 12-15
in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid ; penne few, the lowest much the largest, 5-6 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br. 3 lowest pinnd, much longer than the others, which are lanceolate, with
distinct, oblong-deltoid, deeply pinnatifid lower segm. ; texture herbaceous; rachiscs
naked or slightly staly ; under surface almost naked; soré copious, § lin. br.,
distant from the midrib.—Aspid. subtripinnatum, Jiquel, older name.

Hab. N. China, Col. Urquhart ; Korea, Wilford ; Japan, Dickens,

106. N. (Last.) glabrum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., naked, stramineous above, clothed
towards the base with lanceolate concolorous scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more l., 6-9 in. br. ;
lowest pinne the largest, subdeltoid, 4-5 in. ]., 2-8 in. br.; péinnd. close, lan-
ceolate, cut down to the rachis below into small, oblong, pinnatifid segm. with
mucronate teeth ; texturé herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; soré copious,
submarginal ; énvol. naked.—Lastrea, Brack, Phegopteris dicksonioides, Jett.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.—Very near the preceding,

107. 'N. (Last.) tenuifolium, Hk. ; st. about 1 ft. 1., slender, clothed throughout
with small, grey, lanceolate scales ; fr, 12-18 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pinne
much the largest, unequal-sided, deltoid ; lowest pinni. 3-4 in. 1, 1-14 in. br.,
the rest lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong, bluntly-toothed
lobes ; teatwre herbaceous ; rachises and midribs scaly and villose; both sides

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA, 20)

Benes and grey, with short stiff hairs; soré small, medial—Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 144, .

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge, Milne. e

108. N. (Last.) edentulum, Baker ; st. stramineous ; fr. upwards of 1 ft. 1. and
nearly as br.; lower pinne 5-6 in. 1., more than 2 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate 5
pinnl, distant, spreading, connected at the base, oblong, obtuse, 1} in. 1, with
oblong, obtuse, entire lobes; ¢eature thinly herbaceous; colour deep-green ;
under surface fibrillose on the midribs, the rest naked ; veins 1 to each lobe;

soré close to the midrib, 1 or 2 to a lobe; imvol. thin, glabrous, persistent.—
Aspid. Kze,

Hab. Java.—Our description is from Mettenius.

109. N. (Last.) @mulum, Baker ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1.; scales linear-lanceolate,
concolorous, dense below ; /r. lanceolate-deltoid, 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., the
lowest pinne: much the largest ; lowest pinn/. larger than the others, which are
ovate-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into deeply pinnatifid lobes with
aristate teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; under surface glandular ;
invol. not gland-ciliated.—Polyp. Sol. N. spinulosum y, A&. Sp. 4. p. 127.
Brit. F.t. 20. N. Fenisecii, Lowe. L. recurva, Newm.

Hab. Britain, Madeira, Azores.—Smelling like hay when dried, the pinne and pin-
nules with the edge turned upwards in the growing plant.

110. N. (Last.) Karwinskyanum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, stramineous,
with a few small concolorous scales ; fr. 12-15 in. ]., 8-12 in. br., deltoid ; lower
pinne much the largest, oblong-deltoid ; pinni. close, lanceolate, 1-1} in.1., cut
down below nearly to the rachis into oblong bluntly-toothed lobes; ¢ezture
herbaceous ; rachis slender, slightly scaly; under surface mealy, with fine
glands ; sor? at the base of the lobes; invol. prominent, ciliated.—Aspid. d/at.
Pp. 59

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.—Differs from spherocarpum by its glandular fronds and
deltoid outline.

111. N. (Last.) Wapoleonis, Bory; st. 6-12 in. 1., densely scaly at the base,
naked upwards; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinn@ much the
largest ; pinnl. of the under side the longest, 4 in. br., linear-lanceolate, close,
cut down nearly to the rachis into slightly-toothed, broad, blunt lobes; ¢ezture
i a rachis and both sides naked; sori close to the midrib; invol.
naked.—H&. Sp. 4. p, 123. t. 255.

Hab. St. Helena.

112. N. (Last.) Ascensionis, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, densely clothed with dark-
brown linear scales; /r. 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid; pinne imbricated,
the lower ones 3-4 in. l., 2 in. br.; pinni. linear-lanceolate, } in. br., cut down
to the rachis into subentire, oblong lobes ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachises scaly ;
-sori one at the base of each lobe.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 124. t. 257.

Hab. Island of Ascension.

113. N. (Last.) cognatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, 1 ft. 1., densely clothed with
large ovate scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; pinn@ close,
lanceolate, 6-9 in. ]., 14 in. br., the lowest pair broadest ; dobes oblong, bluntish,
8-4 lin. br., broadly toothed; texture subcoriaceous; rachises scaly ; sori in
rows midway between the edge and midrib.—_H&. Sp. 4. p. 123. t. 256.

Hab. St. Helena.

280 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

114, N. (Last.) rudiginosum, Hk.; st. 1-4t. 1, densely clothed with large
linear scales at the base, and upwards with spreading smaller ones; fr. 12-18
in. L, 1 ft. by., subdeltoid ; pénn@ lanceolate, the lowest the largest, deltoid,
6-8 in. L, 8-4 in. br.; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into

slightly-toothed, oblong, blunt segm.; tevture herbaceous, both sides naked ;
rachises fibrillose ; soré close to the midrib.—Hh. Sp. 4. p. 143.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Brackenridge.—The scales of the rachis are quite subulate,
with alternate coloured and colourless cells. N. Figiense, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 67, ig
-probably distinct ; the frond is larger and less deltoid, the rachises are less scaly, and the
lower segments are pinnatifid, with small blunt lobes, with a sorus filling up more than
half of them. It was gathered by Milne in Fiji.

115. N. (Last.) squamigerum, Hk. & Arn.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, clothed
throughout with lanceolate scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid ;
pinne close, lanceolate, the lowest pair subdeltoid, 6-9 in. 1, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, close, more or less deeply pinnatifid, with broad blunt lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; rachises and midribs of the pinnules beneath scaly ; sord in rows
near the midrib.— ZA. Sp. 4.-p. 144. t. 280.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.—Unique in the group in the dense scaly clothing of its
rachises. : /

116. N. ane Bojeri, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. ]., naked, stramineous, the scales
lanceolate, concolorous, confined to, the base; jr. 14-2 ft. 1, nearly as br.,
deltoid ; pina imbricated, the lowest the largest, lanceolate, sometimes 1 ft. 1.,
4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong-ligulate
subentire lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachis and-both surfaces naked ; veinlets
forked ; sor distant from the midrib ; énvol. firm, naked.—N. Boryanum, Hz.
Sp. 4. p. 126,

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—Mettenius has shown another quite different plant to
be Willdenow’s Boryanum, The alliance of this is N. Napoleonis, but the frond is more
compound. It is perhaps a mere variety of Filix-mas,

117. N. (Last.) odoratum, Baker ; st, 12-18 in. 1., stramineous, glossy, densely
clothed at the base with a tuft of lanceolate bright-brown scales ; fr. 9-18 in. 1.,
deltoid ; lowest pinne much the largest, deltoid, 6-9 in. L., 8-4 in. br. pinnl.
lanceolate, often imbricated, with ovate or oblong pinnatifid segm. with blunt
rounded lobes; texture herbaceous ; colour pale-green; rachis and under side
more or less pubescent ; sori copious ; invol. large, pale, villose.—Aspid. Bory.
a hirsutum, Don. N. eriocarpum, Dec. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 141, Hypodematium,

unze.

Hab. N. India (up to 7-8000 ft.), S. China, Malayan Peninsula, Mauritius, Cape
Verdes.—A well-marked species, which specimens from Bojer show is A. odoratum of
Willdenow, but Polypodium crenatum, Forsk., is a still older name,

*EEEXE Rhizome wide-creeping. Fronds small or middle-sized, deltoid, tri- or
quadripinnatifid, Sp. 118-125.

118. N. (tet) pubescens, Desv. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., slender, deciduously villose ;
Jr. 6-18 in. 1, deltoid ; lower pinne much the largest ; pinnl. lanceolate ; lower
segm. usually free, oblong-rhomboidal, unequal-sided ; teeth mucronate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises often densely villose and under side more or less
pubescent ; colow pale-green ; sori small, distant from the midrib. H&, Sp. 4.
p. 146. Hk & Gr, Ic. t. 102. Phegopteris villosa, Fée,

Hab. West Indies,—Veins sometimes anastomosing. Phegopteris Portoricensis, Fée,
and Polyp. sericeum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 258, are non-involucrate forms,

119, N. (Last.) Parish, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1, slender, naked, ebeneous ; 6-8

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 281

in. each way, deltoid, the lower pénne much the largest ; lower pinnl. larger
than the others, which are oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 14-2 in.1., 4-2 in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into close, oblong-lanceolate, crenated lobes}
texture membranous ; rachises and under surface pubescent ; veindets pinnate in
the lobes ; sord in rows not far from the midrib. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 181. ¢. 260.

Hab. Moulmein, Rev. C. 8S. Parish.—Very different in texture from the rest of the
gioup, and, like species 71-2, approximating to some Sagenic in the sori being usually
terminal on branch veins,

120. N. (Last.) subguinguefidum, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more 1. brownish, firm,
naked or villose upwards ; fr. 6-18 in. each way ; lower pinne much the largest,
with the pznn/. on the lower side much larger than the others, which are 1-3
in. 1., 21 in. br., often cut down nearly to the rachis below into broad, oblong
lobes ; tezture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachis more or less villose; sorz
medial.— Hz. Sp. 4. p. 130. _N. Vogelli, Hk, 2nd Cent. t. 21. N. funestum,
HE, Sp. 4. p. 129. t. 259.—6, N. variabile, Hk.; more compound; lower pinne
sometimes 1 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid, with lowest segm. lin. 1., $in. br.—Hé&. Sp. 4.
p. 140. L. pilosissima, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil, island of Nissobé, Angola, Guinea Coast, Senegambia.—
The extremes differ widely in cutting, but pass into one another very gradually. A. acro-
carpon, Fée, belongs here, and fraternum, securidiforme, and lanigerum of Kuhn. The
oldest name is protensum, Afzelius,

121, N. (Last.) subsericeum, Baker; rhizome clothed with lanceolate, ferru-
ginous scales; st. 7 in. L, fr. 8 in. 1., deltoid, tripinnatifid; lowest pinne
ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided ; pinn/. ovate-rhomboidal, obtuse, cut down to a
narrow wing into toothed or pinnatifid segm. ; texture thin, flaccid ; both sides
slightly and the midrib above densely clothed with soft spreading hairs ; soré
1 to each lobe-—Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 74.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard.
122. N. (Last.) decompositum, R. Br. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1.,

scaly only at the base, firm, villose ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., ovate-lan-
ceolate or deltoid ; lower pinne much the largest, deltoid, 4-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.;
pinnil. lanceolate, more or less deeply pinnatifid; segm. unequal-sided, ovate-
rhomboidal, deeply pinnatifid, with toothed lobes ; rachis and under side more or
less villose ; sora rather large, placed midway between the midrib and edge.—
B, NV. glabellum, A. Cunn.; rhizome abbreviated ; fr. more finely cut, with more
copious spinulose teeth, villose only on the rachis above, the surfaces glossy, and
lobes not imbricated.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 146. .

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and New Zealand to Tahiti and FijiimVery
variable in size, texture, and cutting. Dr. Mueller sends a form with suppressed invo-
lucres. A. Shepherdi, Kze. (L. acuminata, Moore), is most like a. in cutting, but the
rhizome is abbreviated and the frond narrower.

123. N. (Last.) velutinum, Hk. fil. 3 st. 1 ft. or more 1., bright-brown, villose
upwards, scaly only at the base ; /r. 12-18 in. 1., by nearly as broad, deltoid ;
lower pinne much the largest, deltoid ; lowest pinnl. larger than the others,
which are close, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into pinnatifid, oblong

lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachises densely villose, and both sides softly pubescent ;
sori small, copious ; invol. gland-ciliated—_ Ak. Sp. 4. p. 145.

Hab. New Zealand.—Principally distinguished from the preceding by its more flaccid
habit and densely villose surface and rachises. We have similar but not quite identical
plants from Queensland and Fiji.

124. N. (Last.) recedens, Hk. ; st. about 1 ft. 1., erect, villose, soft, clothed at
the base with squarrose linear scales ; /r. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., deltoid ;
2N

282 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

lower pinne much the largest, 6-12 in. 1., 8-6 in. br.; pinnl. of the lowest side
the largest, often 6 in. 1. 2 in. br., with distinct, one-sided, lanceolate segm,
with close slightly-toothed linear-oblong lobes; texture firm ; rachises villose ;
under side nearly naked; soré small, 6-8 round the edge of the larger lobes.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 135. t. 265.

Hab. Philippines, Neilgherries, and Ceylon.—In its mode of growth this agrees
with the two preceding. Our description is taken from living specimens sent by
Dr. Thwaites.

125. N. (Last.) Vieillardii, Baker ; st. strong, erect, slightly fibrillose towards
the base; fr. 12-18 in. ].,.1 ft. or more br, deltoid; lowest pinne 6-8 in. 1.,
3-5 in. br., the lowest pinni. the largest, the others lanceolate, cut down nearly
to the rachis at the base into entire or toothed linear-obiong lobes ; ¢eature sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori small, medial.—Aspid. Mett. Fil.
Nov. Cal. p. 75. :

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1604, 1610. Largest uncut ultimate lobes 2 lin. br.,
3 lin, deep, and texture like that of Polystichum.

ERERRS Fronds ample (more than 14-2 ft. L, 1 ft. br.), decompound.
Sp. 126-153. Involucre often small and fugacious.

t+ Texture herbaceous. Sp. 126-146

126. N. (Last.) dissectum, Desv.; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1, rather slender,
glossy, clothed with linear dark-brown scales towards the base ; fr. 1-5 ft. 1.,
1-3 ft. br., deltoid ;*lower pinne varying from simply pinnatifid, with broad
blunt lobes, to 1 ft. L, with similar pinnatifid pinzl., the centre usually uncut for
a breadth of 4-4 in., and the uncut bluntish or acute ult. divisions as broad ;
colour bright-green ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
nearly naked ; soré copious, generally submarginal ; invol. flat, $-3 lin. br.—
Polypodium, Forst./ N.membranifolium, Presi. Hh. Sp. 4. p. 181.

Hab. N. India and Philippines to Samoa, New Caledonia, Ceylon, 8.W. Australia,
and Madagascar.—Habit of N. cicutariwm, and similarly variable in size, but the veins
only casually uniting. A. Gardnerianum, Mett., is doubtless the same, and P. Milnet
is evidently a compound non-indusiate form. Probably it is A. sinuatwm, Labill., but
the figure represents the stem as too scaly and the involucre as orbicular.

127. N. (Last.) Méinei, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or morel., naked, polished, ebeneous ; 7.
14-2 ft, 1., 1 ft. or more br., subdeltoid ; lower pimnw much the largest, 6-9in. 1.,
4-5 in. br. ; pinni. close, lanceolate, cut down throughout to a narrowly-winged
rachis into narrowly-oblong, crenated or pinnatifid lobes ; tewture subcoriaceous;
rachises ebeneous ; both surfaces naked ; colour deep green; veinlets immersed;
the sord terminal on short lateral branches.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 148. 2nd Cent. t. 62.

Hab. Fiji, Milne.—Somewhat doubtfully distinct from the preceding, but the texture
is firmer and the stem ebeneous,

128. N. (Last.) splendens, Hk. ; st, 2-3 ft. 1., stout, polished, chesnut-brown
or nearly black, deciduously scaly; jr. 8-4 ft. 1, 13-2 ft. br.; lower pinne
often 1 ft, 1., 2 in. br., close, lanceolate ; pinnd. lanceolate-oblong, unequal-sided,
blunt, a broad central portion uncut; texture subcoriaceous; rachis naked,
chesnut-brown ; both sides naked ; veindets forked ; sorz in rows near the midrib.
—Hz. Sp. 4. p. 126.

Hab. Sikkim, Bootan, Malaccas—In habit this comes nearest the large compound
forms of Filiz-mas, but the dark-coloured polished rachis will at once distinguish it.

129. N. (Last.) latifrons, Hk.; caud. oblique; sf. about 1 ft. 1, strong,
densely clothed with deciduous scales; fr. 2-3 it. 1., subdeltoid ; lower pinne

44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 283

the largest,. often 1 ft. L, 6 in. br.; pinnl. din. br., close, lanceolate-acuminate,
cut down about halfway to the rachis into blunt, entire dobes } in. or more br. ;
teature herbaceous ; under surface mealy, with fine glands; rachéises slightly
scaly ; veinlets of the lobes simple; sord large; invol. 2 lin. br.—Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 188.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.—This also has a habit not unlike that of the large forms of
Filiz-mas. Our description is taken from living plants sent by Dr. Hillebrand.

180. N. (Last.) jferrugineum, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1, densely clothed
throughout with spreading broad ovate eoncolorous scales; fr. 2 ft. 1. or more,
12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, the main rachis flexuose and pinne spreading at a
right angle, the lowest 6-9 in. 1, 3-5 in. br. ; pénnl. of the under side the largest,
close, lanceolate, bluntish, cut down to the rachis into broad ovate segm. with
close subentire lobes 4 in. br. ; rachises finely pubescent; both sides nearly
naked ; sot large, submarginal, 2-3 in a lobe, confined to the upper half.—
Lastrea, Beddome, Fil. S. Ind. t. 100.

Hab. Neilgherries, Capt. Beddome—This has altogether the habit and cutting of
Spheropterts barbata.

131. N. (Last.) scabrosum, Baker; sf. 12-18 in. 1., slender, stramineous,
furnished throughout with small ovate concolorous scales; jr. 13-2 ft. L.,
12-18 in. br. ; lowest pinne deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 8-5 in. br. ; pinnl. of the lower side
the largest, with free lanceolate segm. §-1 in. 1., cut down nearly to the rachis
into toothed ligulate lobes under 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises viscous-
- pubescent, the hairs sometimes dense and ferruginous ; both sides nearly
naked ; soré small, usually one at the base of each ult. division ; invol. small,
fugacious. — Aspid.. Kze. Polypodium nigrocarpum, Bedd. Fil, S, Ind.
t. 169.

Hab. Neilgherries, Schmidt, McIvor, Sir F. Adam.

132. N. (Last.) angustifrons, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
ebeneous, deciduously scaly; fr. 2 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br.; pinne distant, erecto-
patent, flexuose, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br.; pénni. distant, lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis below into subquadrangular toothed Jobes } in. br.; teature
subcoriaceous ; rachises and both sidés naked ; veinlets of the lobes forked 3 sore
in rows close to the midribs of the pinnules.—Lastrea, Moore.

Hab. Nepaul, Wallich.—This seems a well-marked plant, perhaps nearest on the
whole to NV. sparsum.

138. N. (Last.) oppositum, Hk.$ st. 1 ft. or more 1, densely clothed with
spreading, linear, dark-brown scales ; /r. 1}-2 ft. ]., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid ;
lower pinne 6-9 in. L, 8-4 in. br.; pinnl. close, linear-lanceolate, cut down
nearly to the rachis into close, entire, slightly faleate, linear-oblong lobes é in,
br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises scaly ; veinlets of the lobes simple; soré small
submarginal ; énvol. thin. H&. Sp. 4. p. 186. t. 266, ,

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—This closely resembles the next in cutting, but the
spreading scales of the rachis are 4 in. ]., and the sori are more regular and nearer
theedge. ~

184, N. (Last.) intermedium, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect, dens
at the te aie bright-brown silky fibrils; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, ie nae
subdeltoid ; lower panna lanceolate, often 1 ft. I, 4-5 in. br.; pinnl, close,
lanceolate, with distinct, oblong-lanceolate segm. with ligulate subentire lobes
about 1 lin. br. ; tewture herbaceous, firm ; rachises slightly fibrillose like the
stem ; under surface naked or slightly scaly on the midribs ; soré small, copious,

284 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

nearer the midrib than the edge; énvol. thin, fugacious——Aspid. Blume ? (non
Muhl.) ; N. Blumei, H&. (in part).

Hab, N. India to Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, and Japan. .

185. N. (Last.) lepigerum, Baker; sf. 12-18 in. 1., angular, clothed only at
the base with long, linear-subulate scales; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 13-2 ft. br.3 lower
pinne often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br.; Jowest pimn/, much the largest, sometimes
compound, the others lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into broadly-toothed or
entire, blunt, linear-oblong segm., the latter 2 lin. br.; vachises and coste
beneath rather densely clothed with linear scales ; teature herbaceous, the rest of
the surface naked ; soré small, copious, nearer the edge than the midrib ; invol,
thin.

Hab. Isle of Bonin; received from the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and the
U.S. Expedition of 1853-6.—Differs from the preceding by its larger lobes, distinct
linear basal scales, and scaly under surface.

136. N. (Last.) obéusilobum, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed
with large ovate concolorous scales; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 14-2 ft. br.; lower pinne
often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pénnl, lanceolate, most of the segm. of the lower ones
distinct, ovate-oblong, cut down to the rachis into oblong-rhomboidal entire
lobes, the largest 4 in. deep, 4 in. br. 5 tewture herbaceous, turning blackish when
dried ; rachises slightly scaly, the upper ones, and especially the under surface,
more or less glandular ; lower veiniets of the entire lobes forked ; soré medial.

Hab. Ceylon, Dr. Thwaites, C. P. 3142.— Most like WN. intermedium in size and
cutting, but.the scales different, the under side very glandular, and the texture thinner.

187. N. (Last.) Boryanum, Baker (non Hk.) ; sé. 2-3 ft. 1., stramineous or
brownish, deciduously scaly; jr. ample, 6-8 ft. 1, 2-3 ft. br.; lower pinne
12-18 in. 1., Gin. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., cut down to a winged rachis
into blunt, spreading, more or less toothed lobes 2-3lin. br.; teature herbaceous ;
rachises and under side naked ; veinlets simple or forked; soré in rows near the
midrib.—N. divisum, fk. Sp. 4. p. 133,

Hab. Himalayas (up to 7,000 ft.), Madras, Moulmein, Java, Bourbon. See remarks
under NW. Bojert.—This is a well-marked plant, and our Mascaren examples quite agree
with those from India. 3

138. N. (Last.) catopteron, Hk. ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., pubescent ; fr. 4-6 ft. ]., 2-3 ft. br.,
lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, with close lanceolate pénnl. or sub-
deltoid, with some of the pinnl. of the lower side compound; segm. oblong, bluntish,
about 4 in. 1., + in. br., more or less deeply pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces villose ; veinlets forked ; sort copious; énvol. firm.—
lk, Sp. 4. p.187. A. odoratum, Met. (non Willd.).

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mascaren Isles, and Guinea Coast.

189. N. (Last.) setigerum, Baker; rhizome creeping; st. 1-2 ft. L, naked
upwards or scaly throughout; /r. 1-3 ft. 1.5 lowest pénne the largest, often
8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl, close, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. L, 34 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close pinnatifid lobes not more than 1 lin. br. in the
broadest form ; texture herbaceous ; main rachis straw-coloured, naked, or more
-or less fibrillose 3 rachéses of the pinnl. and under side finely villose ; soré minute,
copious, often 8-12 toa lobe ; znvol. very fugacious.—Cheilanthes, Blume.—N.
tenericaule, H&. Sp. 4. p. 142. ¢. 269, Aspid. uliginosum, Kze. Meit.

Hab. Japan, China, and N. India to Ceylon and Malay, and Polynesia as far east
as the Society Isles.—A common plant within its range, very variable in size and vesti-

44, nepnropiuM, § LASTREA, 285

ture, It has received many names, of which Blume’sis the oldest. Polypodium pallidum
and nemorale, Brack. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 266, are apparently only the ordinary form, with sup-
pressed or undeveloped involucres ; but Capt. Beddome considers P. ornatum, Wallich,
as a distinct plant, distingushable from this by its erect caudex and the constant absence
of aninvolucre. See Fil, 8, Ind. t. 171. :

140. N. (Last.) subglandulosum, Baker; st. 1 ft. 1., stout, polished, reddish-
brown, deciduously scaly throughout; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; lowest penne
much reduced, the largest lanceolate, 6-9 in. ]., 14-2 in. br. ; penn. spreading,
close, 1 in.1, Zin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close, entire; blunt
lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises of the pinnee and under side villose and the
latter glandular ; sori small, about 6 to the larger lobes, placed midway between
the midrib and edge.—Aspidium, Mett.

Hab. Bourbon, Viedllard and Deplanche. The alliance of this is close with the
preceding.

141. N. (Last.) Grisebachii, Baker ; st. 2-8 ft..1., densely clothed at the base
with lanceolate scales 1 in. or more 1., 1-1} lin. br., which leave distinct
tubercles when they fall ; fr. 8-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br.; lower pinne often
1 ft. L, 6 in. br. 3 pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into oblong-toothed segm. 3 in. br.; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ;
rachis very slightly fibrillose and under side naked ; sorz small, copious, medial ;
invol. fugacious—A. amplum, Griseb. (in part, not H.B.K.). N. amplum,
Ak. Sp. 4. p. 264, ;

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, 1055.—This differs from the next principally in the scales,

142. N. (Last.) amplum, Baker ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., densely clothed at the base with
an entangled mass of soft, bright, silky scales ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ;
lower pinne often 1 ft. 1, Gin. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into oblong, crenated or pinnatifid lobes 2-3 lin. by. ; ceature
herbaceous ; rachises clothed with soft furfuraceous scales ; under surface naked
or slightly glandular, the rachis often scaly ; sord copious, small, medial ; invol.
very fugacious.—Aspid. #.B.K. Polyp. Sloanei, Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 263.
N. Palatanganum, Hé. Sp. 4. p. 260.

Hab, West Indies southward to Ecuador, and a plant from Pitcatrn’s Island is probably
the same.—A sp. lutescens, Willd. (Plum. 34), is most likely this species.

143. N. (Last.) catocarpum, Hk. ; st. 13-2 ft. 1., densely clothed at the base
with long, linear, pale-brown scales; fr. 2-8 ft. 1, 14-2 ft. br., subdeltoid ;
pinne lanceolate-deltoid, 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.; pénnd. close, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, 2-3 in.1., 3-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into close, blunt, nearly
entire lobes 4 in. br.; teature herbaceous ; rachises slightly scaly ; under side
naked ; sori smail, in rows midway between the edge and midrib—HZ. Sp. 4,
p» 259.

Hab, Venezuela.—A less compound plant than the last, with larger divisions and
different scales,

144, N. (Last.) furcatum, Hk. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1, densely clothed with a mass of
very narrow intertangled ferruginous scales; /r. 3-6 ft. 1, 2 ft. or more br.;
lower pinne 12-18 in. 1, 6-9 in. br., lanceolate or deltoid ; pinni. lanceolate ;
segm. oblong-obtuse, cut down nearly to the rachis into close, entire lobes
13-2 lin. br.; deature herbaceous; all the rachises densely clothed with small
furfuraceous scales; coste beneath slightly scaly ; sori copious, medial.—ZHA.
Sp. 4. p. 86.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. This has as large divisions as the last, but is much more
compound and scaly, with the basal scales different, The Galapagos Polyp. paleaceum,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 261, probably belongs here.

286 44, NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

145. N. (Last.) viMosum, Presl ; st. tufted, 2-8 ft. or more L., stout, usually
villose and densely clothed with spreading scales; jr. 4-6 ft. or more L, 2-8 ft.
or more br.; pénne often 2 ft. L, 1 ft. br. ; pénnl. lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into close, oblong, pinnatifid segm. ; largest entire Zobes ? in. 1, } in. br. ;
texture herbaceous; rachises densely villose and both sides also more or less
pubescent; sord copious; zavol. flat, $ lin. br., often suppressed.— Hk. Sp. 4,
p. 184. t. 264. ;

Tlab. West Indies southward to Peru and Chili. A very fine plant, said to attain
sometimes a height of 18 ft. The involucre is as often suppressed as developed.
P. subincisum, Karstenianum, Berteroanwm, and vestitwm of the Species Filicum appear
to be all villose forms of this without an involucre, and P. spectabile a subglabrous
form. See Grisebach’s West Indian Flora, p. 691.

146. N. (Last.) arborescens, Baker ; caud. decumbent ; fr. ample; lower pinne
12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in, br. ; pinnd. lanceolate, distinctly stalked, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1} in.
br., cut down to the rachis, except at the point, into lanceolate deeply pinnatifid
segm. 8-4 in. br., which are obliquely truncate on the lower side at the base;
rachis slightly scaly ; teature herbaceous; both surfaces naked ; veinlets pinnate
in the lobes of the segms,; soré small, medial; énvol, naked, firm, persistent,
very distinctly reniform.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell. -
+t Texture coriaceous. Sp. 147-158.

147. N. (Last.) Trianw, Baker; sf. smooth, stramineous or reddish; fr.
14-2 ft. l., 9-10 in. br., broadly oblong, acuminate, tripinnatifid ; pinne distant,
7 in. 1, 2-23 in. br., sublanceolate ; pénnl. numerous, 1} in. 1., } in. br., unequal-
sided, cuneate on both sides at the base, pinnatifid or subpinnatifid, with close,
oblong, usually entire lobes; testwre subcoriaceous; rachis and both sides
naked ; ultimate veins simple, the lower ones on the upper side of the midrib
falling short of the edge; soré dorsal or submarginal ; invol. large, membranous.
—Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 248,

Hab. New Granada, Triana.—Distinguished by the shape of its pinnules and lower
veins not reaching the edge,

148. N. (Last.) acutum, Hk.; st. and rachises brown-stramineous, slightly
fibrillose ; fr. deltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, 13-2 ft. 1.; lowest pinne stalked, deltoid,
unequal-sided ; pinn/. lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, cut down to a narrow
-wing into lanceolate segm., of which the lowest are again pinnatifid ; éewture thin,
subcoriaceous ; surfaces glabrous, dull-green ; soré minute, medial ; znv. glabrous,
fugacious.—Ldit. 1. ex parte, excl. Sp. £il. t. 271.

Hab. South Brazil, Sellow.

149. N. (Last.) platypus, Hk.; sf.1-3 ft. or more 1, smooth, glossy, with
a dense tuft of bright-coloured scales at the base; 7r. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. and more
br., deltoid; lower pinnw 6-9 in. 1, 3-4 in. br.; penn. deltoid, obliquely
truncate on the lower side at the base ; lower segm. often free, 3-4 in. br., ovate-
oblong ; teeth mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and both sides naked
and glossy ; soré large, copious, in rows close to the midrib. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 149.

Hab. Java, Moulmein, Khasia.—A doubtful plant, some of the specimens of which
are hes like some of the forms of Aspid. aristatwm, but with a large, distinctly-reniform
involucre.

150. N. (Last.) Aéspidum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1., brown,
densely clothed with squarrose, fibrillose, nearly black scales ; /r. 12-18 in. 1.,
8-12 in. br., subdeltoid; pinne lanceolate, the lowest deltoid ; lowest pinnl.
larger than the others, which are lanceolate, with lanceolate segm. cut down

44, NEpHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 287

to a winged rachis into small oblong, or linear, sharply-toothed lobes ; texture
coriaceous ; rachises fibrillose ; both surfaces glossy ; sori copious Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 150.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia (very rare). A well-marked plant,

151. N. (Last.) denticulatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more ]., densely clothed
with linear scales at the base, naked above ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12in. br., deltoid ;
lower pinne much the largest ; lowest pinnl. larger than the others, which are
lanceolate or subdeltoid, with segm. which are again pinnate, with spathulate or
subrhomboidal lobes with spinose teeth ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked, glossy ; sori scattered, copious.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 147.—A. Klotzschit,
ik. 2nd Cent. t. 23.

Hab. W. Indies and Guatemala to S. Brazil_—There isa very rigid variety (4. dis-
sectum, Fée) with linear, mucronate alternate divisions.

152. N. (Last.) davallioides, Baker ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. strong,
13-2 ft. 1., brownish, naked, the dense fibrillose scales confined to the base ; fr.
3-4 ft. 1, 2 ft. or more br., deltoid ; lower pinne often 1 ft. 1. by nearly as
broad ; pinnl. deltoid, with lanceolate or deltoid segm., the lobes of which are
again deeply pinnatifid; all the divisions unequal-sided, the ultimate ones
small, sublinear, mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly

naked ; sori small, copious ; inzol. firm, reniform.—Lastrea, Brack. p. 202.

Hab. Fiji, Tabiti, and Samoa.—The alliance of this is with the next species, but it is
much more finely cut.

153. N. (Last.) effusum, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2 ft. ]. or more,
polished, slightly scaly below ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br., 4-5 pinnatifid ;
lower pinne .12-18 in. 1., often 1 ft. br.; pinnl. close, lanceolate, acuminate ;
segm. lanceolate or subdeltoid, unequal-sided, the lower ones cut down to the
rachis into oblong, pinnatifid, bluntish lobes, often } in. br.; ¢eature sub-
coriaceous ; rachises usually scaly ; both sides pale-green, glossy, naked ; sora
copious, scattered ; invol. generally absent. — Polyp. divergens, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 265. P. multifidum, Jacq. Jc. t. 643.—B, NV. excultum, Hk. ; fr. often tripin-
natifid only, the ult. divisions always broader and less deeply cut—Hé. Sp. 4.
p. 149.

Hab, Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.—P. cfusum and excultum appear to be
less, and P. divergens more divided forms of the same plant. P. dilatatum, Liebm.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 264, does not differ materially.

§§ Eunephrodium. Lower veinlets «f contiguous groups united.
Sp. 154-196.

* Fronds ligulate, not cut down to the rachis unless at the very base.
Sp. 154-158.

154. N. Cumingianum, J.Sm. ; st. tufted, slender, naked, 2-4 in. 1.; fv. 3-4
in. |., 3-2 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, narrowed gradually at both ends, entire or
slightly sinuated ; tezture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veins pinnate, in
groups of 2-3 on a side.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 63.

Hab. Panama.

155. N. Skinneri, Hk.; st. tufted, slender, villose, 2-3 in. 1.; fr. 6-8 in. L,
2-1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, terminating abruptly below, with oblong-
falcate subentire lobes reaching halfway down in the centre, and often quite to
the rachis at the base; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; lower side, especially the

288 44, NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM,

midrib, villose ; veins in groups of 8-10 on a side, which are slightly united or
quite free.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 64, 2nd Cent. t, 25. A. Franconum, fourn,

Hab. Guatemala, Shinner ; Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5293.

156. N. Wrightii, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-6 in. 1, firm, erect, greyish ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., lanceolate-oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis above
and quite below into close, oblong, entire, or auricled, spreading lobes 4-} in. br.;
texture coriaceous 3 rachis and under surface villose ; veinlets in groups of 10-18
on a side, sometimes forked ; sort submarginal.— HA, Sp. 4, p. 64. t. 239,

Hab, Cuba, Wright, 824.

157. N. scolopendrioides, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., scaly ; fv. 1 ft. or more L,
1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the point acute, central lobes reaching nearly
down to the rachis, oblong, nearly entire, close or with a space between them,
lower ones quite free and gradually smaller; texture papyraceo-herbaceons ;
rachis and under side finely hairy ; veéndets of the lobes forked or sometimes
slightly pinnate and the groups joining ; zzvol. very fugacious.— _H&. Sp. 4. p. 65.
Ful, Ex, t. 18. Polypod. £.

Hab. West Indies.—We include here Goniopt. strigosa, ferax, afinis, and domingensis
of Fée,

158, N. incisum, Baker ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. l., stramineous, scaly below; fr.
1 ft. or moré 1., 3-14 in. br., linear-oblong, lobes triangular or lanceolate, often
not reaching more than one-third down to the rachis, the frond narrowed very
gradually below so as to form a scarcely cut wing to the stem; fexture sub-
coriaceous ; under surface finely villose ; veins in simply pinnated groups of
G-12 on a side 5 énvol, very fugacious.—Polypod. Sw. N. stenopteris, 7%, Sp. 4.
p. 65. : 3

m,

Hab, West Indies and New Granada.
** Fronds large, pinnate ; rhizome wide-creeping. Sp. 159-176.

+ Lower pinne hardly, if at all, reduced. 3 Sp. 159-170.

159. N. Otaria, Baker ; sf. 6-12 in. 1., substramineous ; fr. 1 ft. or more l.,
with a linear-oblong terminal pinnae 4-6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the apex acuminate,
the margin with finely serrated lanceolate lobes reaching 3-3 of the way down,
and 3-6 distant spreading similar laterai ones on each side, the lower ones
stalked ; teature thinly herbaceous; rachtés and both surfaces naked; veins
pinnate in each lobe, the groups united from about midway from the midrib to
the edge; veinlets 6-8 on each side, with sometimes a sorus on each.—N. aris-

tatum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 62.4. 238, Anisocampium, Presi,
Hab. Philippines, Neilgherries, Ceylon.

160. N. distans, Hk.; sé. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, brownish, slightly
villose ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, 8-10 in. br.; pinne spreading, 3-4 in. ]., 2 in. br., very
slightly lobed, the lower ones rather smaller than the others ; ¢eature papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath villose and veins slightly so3 veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 5-6 veinlets on a side; rows of sori filling up nearly
the whole space between the midrib and the next row ; caps, naked.---Hk. Sp. 4,
p. 16. :

Hab. Madagascar, Boivin ; Johanna Island, Dr. Kirt,—This in venation and pinne
comes under Abacopteris, Fée ; and Dr. Kirk’s specimens show that it differs distinctly
from N. glandulosum by its strong wide-creeping rhizome,

161, N. varians, Fée; st.1 ft. 1, smooth, with linear, blackish scales at the

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUML 289

hase ; fr. 1 ft. L, 10 in. br., with 13-15 pine on each side, the lower ones 5 in.
1., 2 in. br., the point acuminate and toothed, the edge lower down bluntly 1: bed
3 of the way to the rachis, the base subcuneate ; rachis and both sides naked ;
reins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-1 veinlets on a side; suri medial.—Fée, Fil.
Ant. t. 24.

Hab. Trinidad, Germain.

162. N. unitum, R. Br. (non Sizb.) ; s¢.12-18 in. L, brownish, naked ; /r. 2 ft.
or more 1., 6-8 in. br.; pinne: 4-5 in. }., 3 in. br., the edge cut from a third to
halfway down into spreading, triangular, sharp-pointed lobes ; lower pinne not
dwindling down ; fezfure coriaceous; teins pinnate in the broad lobes, with 6-8
veinlets on each side, with sori near the extremity principally in the lobes; caps.
naked.—Polyp. Z. fide Mat. Aspid. Met. Fil. Ind. p. 230.—a, A. gongylodes,
Schk.; rachis and under side naked.— 3, A. propinquum, R. Br.; rachis and
under side villose.—Zk. Sp. 4. p. 79.

Hab. Florida and West Indies to Brazil and Peru ; Polynesian Isles ; Hong-Kong
and Himalayas to Australia and New Zealand; Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony,
Angola, Guinea Coast, Algier: We ivollow Metteniu: in nomenclature, but the uni‘fum
cf the Linnzan herbarium is Sieber’s plant, our cucullatum.

163. N. sophorcides, Desv.; sé. 1 ft. or more 1, slender, substramineous,
pubescent ; fr. 1-2 =. 1, 69 in. br.; pinne spreading, £6 in. L, $3 in br., the
apex acuminate, the edze cut about one-third of the way down into oblong-

i subfalcate lobes; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis and under
surface finely villose ; reins pinnate in groups, with 8-10 veinleis on a side,
with sori distant from the midrib; caps. naked.—Polyp. Thunb. A, molle,
HE. Sp. 4 p. 68. (in part). oe

Hab. Japan to Hong-Kong and Formosa.—Very near the preceding in the shape of
Rs pinnz and lobes, but smaller and thinner in texture, and less rigid.

164. N. pteroides, J. Sm.; st. 1-2 ft. 1, slender, stramineous or greyish,
slightly scaly below ; 7r. 2-4 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br. ; pinne spreading, 4-8 mm. L,
2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge cut one-third or halfway down into
oblong or subtrianglar lobes ; fezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides nearly naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 veimlets on each side ;
sori quite marginal and confined to the lobes—Polyp. Retz. N. terminans,
HE. Sp. 4, p. 73. (in part).

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon (Gardner, 1106), Malaccas, Philippines (Cuming,
43, 293), China, Queensland, Polynesia. —This has, like the two preceding, oblong-trian-
gular lobes 11-2 lin. br., not reaching more than one-third down, and differs from them
by having the sori quite confined to the lobes.

165. N. ectensum, Hk.; :*. 1-2 ft. 1, naked or slizhily pubescent, brownish ;
fr. 2-4 ft. L, 12-18 in. br. ; pinne 6-9 in. L, 33in. br. cut about two-thirds
down to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes; lower pinne scarcely shorter
than the rest ; ¢ezfure papyraceo-herbaceous ; under surface naked or slightly
villose ; reinicis 6-8 on a side, often only the lowest pair united ; sori in rows,
nearly terminal in the veins, and not confined to the lobes,—HEé. Sp. 4. Piaias
é. 240. A. (in part). Aspid. Bi. / A. conioneuron, 5/7.

Hab. Ceylon (Gardner, 1352), N. India, Malaceas, Neilgherries (B:275 ne, t. 85),
Philippines (Cumzng, 391).—This is joined to the preceding by Mettenins. The texture
is more herbaceous, and the lobes are much narrower and deeper, with a considerable
space between them.

166. N. Serra, Desv.; st. 1 ft. or more L, firm, glossy, substramineous ; fr.
2-3 it.L, 1 ft. or more br.; pinne spreading, 6-12 in. L, 22 in. br., cut down
2.0

290 44, NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

about halfway to the midrib into subtriangular, falcate, acute lobes, the lowest not
smaller than the next pair; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-10 veinlets on a side; soré in rows
apart from the midrib.—N. augescens, Fée. Ak. Sp. 4. p. 79.

Hab. West Indies.—According to Grisebach, this is the Serra of Swartz. It is
distinguished by its very narrow rigid pinne, with deep sharp lobes.

167. N. pallidivenium, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stramineous, naked or
nearly so; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br; pinne 4-6 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., cut two-thirds
of the way down to the rachis into linear-oblong, slightly falcate lobes ; lower
pinne not much smaller than the rest ; texture coriaceous; under surfaces naked
or villose ; veinlets close, prominent, 12-16 on a side, the small sori in close rows
about midway between the midrib and edge.—Polyp. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 8.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Vogel, Barter, Mann ; and gathered in the Livingstone Expedition
on the shores of Lake Nyassa,.—Characterizéd in the group by its rigid texture, deep,
close lobes, and very numerous veinlets,

168. N. énvisum, Carruth. ; rhézome stout, wide-creeping ; sf. 1 ft. or more l.,
stout, brownish, villose ; fr. 13-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br. ; gimme numerous, 4-5 in. 1.,
3 in. br., cut about one-third down into sharp, triangular, faleate lobes ; lower
pinne distant and dwarfed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface
villose ; veéns pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on a side; sori in rows
close to the midrib ; caps. setose—Polyp. Forst./ Aspidium dissectum, Meit. Fil.
Ind. p. 282.

Hab. Common in the Polynesian Islands.—Very like N. cucullatum, from which it is
distinguished by its setose capsules and lower pinnz not dwarfed,

169. N. procurrens, Baker ; st. 2 ft. 1., villose above ; fr. 18 in. 1, 10 in. br.
pinne 5-6 in. 1, cut down to a narrow wing into oblong, obtuse lobes, the
lowest not much shorter than the others and deflexed ; rachis and both surfaces
more or less villose ; texture herbaceous ; veénlets 5-6 on a side, with sori midway
between the midrib and edge.—Asp. Meit. Fil. Ind. p. 281.

Hab. Java,—Very like N. molle, but distinguished by its creeping rhizome. -

170. N. longipes, Moore; st. 8-4 ft. 1. livid; fr. 8 ft.1, 9-10 in. br.; pinne
5-6 in. 1., Zin. br., cut two-thirds of the way down into oblique, rather acute,
oblong lobes, with a distinct sinus between them ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface densely hairy on the veins, lower less so; veéns 8-10 on a side; sori
placed midway between the midrib and edge.—Aspid. Bl. JDMett. Fil. Ind.
p. 231,

Hab. Java.— With this we are not acquainted.
** Lower pinnee conspicuously reduced. Sp. 171-176.

171. N. cucullatum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, brownish, nearly naked;
7r. 18-24 in, 1, 8-12 in. br. ; pinne close, 4-6 in. L., 3 in. br., cut down one-third
of the way to the rachis into triangular, acute, subfaleate lobes ; lower pinnae
dwindling down suddenly into mere auricles; teatwre coriaceous; rachis and
lower surface densely pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, 8-10 veinlets on a
side; sori subterminal; caps. naked.—Aspid. Bl. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 282. N.
unitum, Sieh, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 81, (in part). N. canescens, Pres/.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas, Mascaren Isles, Fiji.

172. N. Haenkeanum, Presl; st. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, slightly pubescent ;
r. 5-4 ft, 1, 12-15 in, br.; pénne 6-8 in. 1, 2 in, br.; cut from one-third to

44, NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 291

halfway down into acute subfalcate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
under surface finely pubescent ; veinlets 10-12 on a side; soré subterminal.—
A. multilineatum, Mett. Fil. Ind, p. 232. (non Wail.)

Hab. Ceylon, Malaya, FijiMuch larger and less hairy than the last, with more
numerous veins, and a very fugacious involucre. 7

173. N. multijugum, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, subglabrous ; Sr. 3-4
ft.1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinne 6-8 in. |., 2% in. br. ; cut two-thirds of the way down
to the rachis into close, acute, subfalcate lobes } in. br. ; tezture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides nearly naked ; veéniets 10-12 on a side; soré near the
midrib.—Aspidium, Wallich.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula.—This comes very near the last, but is nearly naked and
more deeply cut, with the sori in a different position.

174, N. hirsutum, J. Sm.; st. 1 ft. or more l., grey, villose; fr. 3-4 ft. 1,
14 ft. br.; péinne very close and numerous, spreading, the largest 10 in. 1.,
2 in. br. ; cut down halfway to the rachis into entire, linear-oblong, subfalcate
lobes; the lower ones with a gland beneath at the base ; texture subcoriaceous 5
rachis densely clothed with soft spreading hairs; under surface glandular ;
veins 6-8 on each side ; sori medial—H&. Sp. 4. p. 70. ¢. 240. B. (not Don).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 82.—Habit of the two last, but the veins much fewer, sori
medial, and lower pinne with a large gland at the base.

175. N. aridum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more L., erect, naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 12-18in.
br. ; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., cut about one-third of the way down into sub-
triangular sharp-pointed lobes; teztwre coriaceous ; rachis and lower surface
naked or slightly hairy ; veinlets 8-10 on a side; sori in rows about midway
between the midrib and edge; caps. naked.—Aspid. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 4.
A. venulosum, Wall, A. obscurum, Bi,

Hab, N. India, Philippines, Malayan Peninsula,—This differs from the three preceding
by the under side being nearly or quite naked, and in the position of the sori. A. callosum,
Blume, quite agrees with this, except that there is a large prickle-like gland at the base
of the pinnz, and sometimes also of the veins.

176. N. venulosum, Hk.; st. 14 ft. 1., naked, greyish, sharply angled ; fr.
4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pénne numerous, the lowest short and very distant, the
largest 8-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down halfway to the rachis into slightly-toothed
oblong lobes ; tezture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; colour bright-green ;
veins about 9 on each side, conspicuous above, with a sorus on each midway to
the edge.—HE&. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Fernando Po.—A large plant, most like N. truncatum in habit and texture, Lut
the rhizome creeping.

.

8% Fronds large, pinnate ; caudex erect or suberect. Sp. 177-196.

+ Pinne entire or slightly lobed, so that most of the veinlets unite. Sp. 177-184.

177. N. glandulosum, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., naked or slightly
villose ; fr. 1 foot or more |., 4-6 in br., with 8-12 spreading pinne on each
side, those of the barren fr. the largest and closest, 2-3 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the
margin entire or slightly lobed, the base abruptly truncate and sometimes
auricled ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface naked or
slightly villose, sometimes glandular ; fertile pinne@ contracted, the main veins
not more than 1 lin. apart; veindets 4-8 on aside, with the sori close to the
midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 76. Abacopteris, Fée.

292 44, NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

Hab, Assam, Philippines, and Malayan Isles.—This includes three species of Mette-
nius,—his glanduloswm, asperum, and lineatum, which we cannot separate clearly.

178. N. amboinense, Presl; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1., greyish, nearly naked ;
jr. 2 ft. or more 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinn@ spreading, 3-4 in. 1, 4-3 in. br., cut
about a quarter down into bluntish slightly faleate lobes; lower pinne shorter
and deflexed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly
pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 4-6 veinlets on a side; sori in rows
close to the midrib ; caps. naked.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 75.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 83, 317 ;'N. India, Malayan Isles ; Ceylon, Thwaites, 3390.
—Very near JV. molle, but more papyraceous in texture, and not so hairy or so deeply
lobed.

179. N. Arbuscula, Desv.; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., naked or slightly pubescent ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1, 6-8 in. br. ; pinne close, numerous, 38-4 in, 1., 3-4 in. br., cut a
quarter or less down into blunt lobes, several of the lower pairs short and
distant ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and lower side finely villose ; veindets distant,
8-4 on a side; soré in close rows.—Hk&. Sp. 4.p.74. A. Hookeri, Wall. Hk.
2nd Cent. t. 22.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, Neilgherries, Amboyna, Philippines, Solomon Isles.

180. N. abortivum, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, quite naked ; 7/7.
1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br. 3 central pinne 8-4 in. L, 3-% in. br., cut about one-third of
the way down into close, entire, truncate lobes 4 in. br. ; lower pinne distant
and reduced suddenly to mere auricles; ¢eature firm, herbaceous; rachis and
both sides quite naked ; veznlets 6-8 on a side ; sord medial.—Aspid. Blume. A.

decurtatum, ze.

Hab. Penang, Java, Ceylon.—Allied to glandulosum but the pinnz lobed, and the
veins more distant,

181. N. refractum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, naked, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1,
6-9 in. br. ; pinne growing gradually less from near the bottom to the top, the
lower ones deflexed, 4-5 in. 1., 2 in. br., the lowest pairs very much so, the lobes
broad and blunt, reaching about a quarter of the way down to the midrib ;
texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis and surfaces glabrous ; veinlets
6-8 on a side; sori medial ; énvol. minute, fugacious.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 162. ¢. 252.

Hab. Brazil.—Well marked by its bright-green colour and peculiar habit. A Fern
gathered in Trinidad by Aldridge, WN. deflexum, J. Sm. MSS., has similarly deflected
lower pinnew, but they are narrower, and the lobes reach halfway down to the midrib.
It is not unlikely that this is Polyp. retroflecum, Linn., founded on Plumier’s t. 68.

182. N. latipinna, Hk. MSS. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, naked ; 7. 8-12in. 1,
3-5 in. br., the upper half or third lanceolate, pinnatifid, with broad, oblong
lobes ; below this several pinnew on each side, the largest 2:3 in. 1, 3-2 in. br.,
cut about one-quarter of the way down into broad, oblong, subfalcate lobes ;
lower pinne much reduced and distant ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; vezns pinnate in the lobes, with 3-5 distant veinlets on each
side, with a sorus about the centre of each.—N. molle, 8, Benth. Fl. Hong. p. 455.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Java,—Very doubtfully distinct from N. molle,

183. N. pennigerum, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, 8-12 in. 1., finely villose; fr. 2-4
ft. 1, 12-18 in. br.; pénne numerous, spreading, 6-9 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge cut about a quarter of the way down to the midrib into
oblong faleate lobes, the lower pinnee dwarfed and distant ; teatwre herbaceous
or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface finely villose ; veindets 6-9 on a side;
sort medial ; caps. setose.—Hz&. Sp, 4. p. 82. Aspid. pennigerum, Bi. (non Sw.).
A. multilineatum, Wall. N. articulatum, Moore, J. Sm A. megaphylium Mett,

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, Malaccas, Johanna Island, Angola, Guinea Coast.

44, NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 293

184. N. cyatheoides, Kaulf.; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, naked, glossy, greyish ; jr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinn@ close, spreading, 4-6 in. ]., #1 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge irregular, furnished with acute forward-pointing teeth toa
depth of 1-2 lin., the lowest pair not shorter than the next ; terture papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins in pinna-
tifid groups of 10-12 veinlets on a side, with often a sorws on each close to the
main vein.— Hi. Sp. 4. p. 76. t. 241. A.

Hab. Sandwich Islands and Sumatra.— Allied to WV. feroz, but less deeply cut, and the
atem not fibrillose,

t+ Pinne cut from one-third to two-thirds down to the midrib. Sp. 185-196.

185. N. asplenioides, Baker ; sf. 6-9 in. 1, greyish, villose; jr. 12-18 in. 1.,
4-5 in. br., oblong, the lower half pinnate ; upper pinne@ close, oblong, entire,
blunt, those next in order connected by a wing to the rachis and bluntly lobed,
the longest 2-3 in. 1., 3 in. br., bluntly lobed one-third of the way to the midrib,
the lowest distant and growing gradually shorter ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; rachis
and under surface finely hairy ; veizs pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on
each side ; soré minute, in rows near the midrib.—Polyp. Sw. N. sclerophyllum,
Presl. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 65.

Hab. West Indies.

186. N. hispidulum, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, 12-18 in. 1., greyish, villose ;
Jr. 12-18 in. L, 6 in. br.; pinne distant, spreading, 3-4 in. 1., }-2 in. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge cut about halfway down into oblong, slightly falcate
lobes, the lower ones suddenly dwarfed down to mere auricles; rachis slender
and under surface finely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-4 veinlets on
each side, with a large sorus on each near the edge ; caps. naked.— Asp. Decaisn.
N. angustifolium, Presi. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 69.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Isles.—This is nearest NV. Arbuscula, but the pinnz are
much narrower and more deeply lobed.

187. N. molle, Desv. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more ]., rather slender, deciduously
hairy ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br. ; pinne spreading, 4-6 in. 1, 2 in. br., cut about
halfway down to the midrib into scarcely falcate, blunt lobes, the lower pinnz
distant and rather shorter than the others; ¢ezfure herbaceous; rachis and
surfaces finely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on a side ;
sort distant from the midrib ; caps. naked.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 67. (in part).

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and Brazil ; Himalayas and Hong-Kong to New Zealand
and N. 8. Wales ; Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony, Guinea Coast, Azores, Cape Verdes,
Madeira.—A variable plant. Of forms not safely separable 4. riolascens, Link, has an
often rather bright-coloured purplish rachis ; the E. Indian P. molliusculum, WalL, aod
Mauritian NV. Hilsenbergii, Presl, have the lobes deeper and narrower than in the type ;
the S. American NV. Jamesoni, Hk., is a less cut reduced form; the Javan A. pilostus-
culum, Mett., has setose capsules ; the Antillean A. pellitum, Willd., J. Sm., blunt pinne
only 3 in. br. ; and the Philippine NV. diversilobum, Presl, some of the lobes irregularly
dilated and pinnatifid. There seems no reason to doubt this is the Linnean Polyp. para-
siticum; but the name moile is so thoroughly well established for the species, that it
seems a pity to drop it.

188. N. heterocarpon, Moore ; sé. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., slender, villose ; fr. 2-3 ft.
]., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne 5-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down halfway or more to the
rachis into linear-oblong subfaleate lobes; dower pinne abruptly dwarfed ;
texture herbaceous ; rachts and under surface villose, and the latter glandular ;
veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 veinlets on a side ; sor? in rows close to the
main vein; caps. naked.—Aspid. Bl. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 233. N.molle, Hz.
Sp. 4. p. 67. (én part).

Hab. Hong-Kong and Malaccas.—Very near some of the forms of V. molle, but less

294 44, NEPHRODIUM, $$ EUNEPHRODIUM.

hairy, and densely glandular beneath, with the lower pinne suddenly dwarfed. A. dimor-
phum, Kze., is said to differ from this by the presence of a gland at the base of the
pinne.

e
189. N. stipellatum, Hk. + st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., grey, naked; fr. 2 ft. 1, 8-10 in,
br.; pinne 4-5 in. L, 2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge cut about one-third
down into oblong-falcate lobes, the base with a large scale-like gland beneath
the midrib ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and midrib beneath villose; veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 6 veinlets on a side, with sord in rows near the main
vein.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 70.

Hab. Java.—A more coriaceous plant than A. molle, with broader lobes, the under
surface nearly naked. A. latebrosum, Kze., is said to differ from this by being more
deeply lobed, with the under surface glandular, and the basal gland bluntly tubercular,
not scale-like. ‘

190. N. crinipes, Hk. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed with brown
linear scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinne@ horizontal, 4-6 in. 1., 4-2 in. br.,
cut about halfway down into close linear-oblong lobes ; rachis scaly in the lower
part ; texture herbaceous, both sides naked ; vedniets 6-8 on a side ; sord medial.
—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Sikkim (subtropical region), Hk. fil. and Thomson ; Malacca, Grifith.—Best dis-
tinguished from truncatum by its scaly stem and rachis.

191. N. venustum, J. Sm.; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more l., naked, greyish, glossy ;
Jr. 2 ft. or more 1, 1 ft. br. ; pinne numerous, spreading, 6 in. ]., 1 in. br., with
blunt oblong lobes reaching halfway down; ¢exture herbaceous; rachis and
both surfaces naked, glossy ; veins about 8 on each side, with sord principally in
the lobes close to the edge.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Jamaica.—Ahout midway between molle and brachyodon. A Mexican specimen,
sent by Professor Reichenbach as A. paludosum, Liebm., may be the same plant, but the
veinlets are closer and more numerous (10-12 on a side),

192. N. ferox, Moore ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, densely fibrillose, the hairs black
and leaving the stem rough when they fall; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, sometimes 2 ft. br. ;
pinne rather close, spreading, 6-12 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., apex very acuminate,
edge cut about a third down into lanceolate-falcate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
both surfaces glossy ; veins in pinnated groups of 10-12 veinlets on a side, with
often a sorus on each close to the main vein. Hk. Sp. 4.p.77. Phegopteris,
Met. Polyp. barbatum, Hk, Sp. 5.p.11. Goniopt. Lobbiana, Fée.

Hab. Kumaon, Philippines, Java.—A well-marked species.

193, N. sagitte;folium, Moore ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, stout, erect, villose ; 77. 3-4
ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae numerous, spreading, 6-8 in. l., Zin. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge cut from one-third to halfway down into oblong-falcate
lobes, the lower pinnee suddenly dwarfed and deflexed ; teature subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under surface densely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10
veinlets on a side, with a sorus midway on each; caps. setose.— Hk, Sp. 4. p. 78.

Hab. Java,

194, N. truncatum, Presl; st. tufted, stout, erect, 2 ft. L, greyish, naked or
slightly villose ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1, 12-18 in. by. ; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down
one-third or more of the distance to the rachis into blunt, spreading, oblong
lobes ; teature papyraceo-herbaceous ; lower pinne distant, small; under surface
nearly or quite naked ; rachis slightly villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
6-8 veinlets on a side, with a sorus on each near the main vein.—Aspid. Mett. Fil,
Ind. t. 234, N.abruptum, Presi. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 77. t. 241, B. N, Hudsonianum,
Brack, N. eusorum, Thwaites,

41, NEPHRODIUM, §§§ PLEOCNEMIA. 295

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Australia, and Polynesian Isles.— A much larger
and less herbaceous plant than A. molle, with close, blunt lobes, and the rachis and under
surface nearly or quite naked. The Mauritian V. caudiculatum, Sieb., is either the same
or closely allied. J. Smith distinguishes the Indian from the Polynesian plant, calling
the former abruptum, the latter truncatum.

195. N. brachyodon, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., greyish, naked ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1,
12-18 in. br. ; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 14-12 in. br., cut from one-third to half the way
down into blunt, oblong, slightly falcate lobes ; lower pinne not much smaller
than the others; texture coriaceous; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 10-15 veinlets on a side, with a sorus on each about
midway between the midrib and edge ; invol. small, fugacious.—HE, Sp. 4. p. 83.
Phegopteris Seemanni, J. Sm.

Hab. W. Indies and Panama southward to Peru and the Galapagos group ; Malayan
Peninsula and Isles,

196. N. Fendleri, Hk., st. tufted, 1-2 ft. |., greyish, naked; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
12-15 in. br.; pinne 6-8 in. 1., 14 in. br., cut about a third of the way down
into oblong blunt lobes ; lower penne not much smaller than the others; tezture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes; with
10-12 veinlets on a side; sori marginal and almost confined to the lobes; invol
firm, persistent.—H/. Sp. 4. p. 82.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 372.—Very like the last in texture and cutting.

§§§ Pleocnemia, Pres’. Lower veinlets of contiguous groups united, and those of
the same group slightly so. Sp. 197-200.

197. N. (Pleo.) dissidens, Hk.; st. 5in. 1, villose; fr. 8 in. 1, 4-5 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate ; pinne 2} in. 1., 2 in. br., with oblong-acute lobes ; texture
thin and flaccid ; rachis and frond pubescent ; veéns pinnate in the lobes, with
8-9 veinlets on a side, the lower ones forming costal arches; sori 4-6 in each
side near the margin of the lobes ; invol. small, ciliated —Hk. Sp. 4. p. 66.

Hab. Porto Rico.—We have not seen this, and take the description from Mettenius.

198. N. (Pleo.) heterophyllum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 2-4 in. 1., densely
villose ; fr. 5-6 in. 1, 1 in. br., simple, with blunt, oblong, slightly falcate lobes
reaching a quarter of the distance to the midrib; testure coriaceous; both
surfaces villose, especially the edge and midrib beneath ; veins pinnate in the
lobes, those of the sterile frond anastomosing towards the edge; veznlets 5-6 on
each side, with a sorus on each.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 62. 2nd Cent. t. 20. Haplo-
dictyum, Pres/.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 322.

199. N. (Pleo.) eacellens, Bl.; st. naked, greyish; fr. ample, bipinnatifid ;
lower pinnae 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire,
lanceolate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ;
veinlets of the lobes slightly pinnate and mostly forming costal arches; sori
small, copious, principally in two irregular rows near the midrib of the lobes.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 63. Proferea, Prest.

Hab. Java, Blume.

_ 200. N. (Pleo.) Leuzeanum, Hk. ; caud. subarborescent, densely scaly at tl
crown ; st, 2-3 ft. L., stout, striated ; fr. 4-6 ft. 1, subdeltoid : pons 12-18 in, L.
6-8 in. br., simple, or the lowest with 2-3 large pinnated pinz/. from the lower
side ; segm, 3-4in.1., #-i} in. br., with oblong, subfalcate, entire, or sinuated lobes

296 44, NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA.

reaching down a broadly-winged rachis; veéns pinnated in the lobes; soré
copious, usually in close single rows in the lobes.—A&. Sp. 4. p. 61.

Hab. N. India, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Malaccas, Fiji, Samoa.—A variable plant
‘of which Pres] and others make several species. Sometimes the venation is quite free,
and sometimes only the veinlets of contiguous groups are.joined, and the lobes vary
from as broad as deep, when they are blunt and entire, to four times as broad as deep,
and deeply crenated. The involucre is very fugacious.

§§§§ Sagenia, Presi. Veins anastomosing copiously, usually with free included
veinlets. Pinne and segments ample. Sp. 201-224.

* Sori copious, scattered irregularly. Sp. 201-212.

201. N. (Sagen.) singaporianum, Baker; rhizome creeping; st. subtufted,
those of the fertile fronds 6-12 in. 1.; fr. 1 ft. or more ]., 2-4 in. br., oblong,
entire, acuminate at the apex, narrowed rather suddenly and then decurrent
gradually at the base ; ¢ewtuwre papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; primary
veins distinct nearly to the edge; areole copious, with free included veinlets ;
soré numerous, close, 4-6 in a line between the main veins.x—Asp. Wall, Hk.
Sp. 4. p.42. Hk. & Gr. Lc. t. 26. Podopeltis, Fée.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

202. N. (Sagen.) ternatum, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 69 in. L,
slender, stramineous; fr. sometimes simple, 8-10 in. l., 2-3 in. br., oblong,
entire, narrowed gradually to the apex and base, but more usually trifoliate, the
lateral pinne like the terminal one but smaller ; textwre papyraceo-herbaceous ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge ; areole copious, but rather large, with a
few free veinlets ; sord distant, in two distinct rows, and a few others between ;
invol. distinct, persistent.

Hab. Borneo, Lobb, Wallace, Motley.

203. N. (Sagen.) vastum, Baker; rhizome creepings st. scattered, narrowly
winged, often nearly or quite to the base; /”. 2-4 ft. lL, 1 ft. or more br., cut
down to a broadly-winged rachis into entire linear-oblong pinne 6-12 in. L,
1-2 in. br. 3 teature papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct
2 of the way to the edge, connected by copious areole with free included
veinlets ; sor? small, scattered.—Aspidium, Blume. A. alatum, Wall, &k. Sp.
4.p.47. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 184.

Hab. ‘Himalayas and Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

204. N. (Sagen.).melanocaulon, Baker ; rhizome ascending ; st. 1 ft. or more l.,
ebeneous, glossy, scaly at the base ; /r. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with
a large, deeply pinnatifid, terminal pinna, and 1 to 4 lateral ones on each side,
the central one deeply pinnatifid, with ovate-acuminate lobes, the lowest stalked,
6-12 in. L, 4-6 in, br., often again pinnate at the base; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis ebeneous ; main veins reaching the edge, with numerous fine
areglee with free included veinlets between them; sorz numerous, minute,
scattered ; énvol. small, fimbriated, fugacious.—Aspid. Blume, Hé&. Sp. 4. p. 53.
(in part).

Hab. Philippines and Malayan Isles,

205. N. (Sagen.) subtriphylium, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
substramineous or brownish ; fr. 12-18 in. ]., 8-12 in. br., subdeltoid, with a
large, deeply pinnatifid apex with lanceolate lobes; below this 1 or 2 pinnw on
each side, the lowest stalked, distant, forked at the base or pinnatifid, the point
lanceolate ; texture herbaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge ; arcole fine, with

44, NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENTA. 297

copious free veins ; sori rather large but scattered, confined to the connected
veinlets—Aspid. Hh. Sp. 4. p. 52. :

Hab. Polynesia, China, Malaya, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles,

206. N. (Sagen.) pleiotomum, Baker; st. 1-1} ft., very ebeneous, naked like
rachises ; fr. deltoid, 1-2 ft. each way, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnw much largest,
stalked, deltoid, unequal-sided, pinnatifid, or the base pinnate, with large lan-
ceolate pinni., the lower deeply pinnatifid ; texture membranous ; surfaces
bright-green, subglabrous ; areolw copious, fine, distinct, with free included
veinlets ; sori minute, compital, irregularly 2-4-seriate between ribs of ultimate
lobes.

Hab. Seychelles, Wright, Horne ; Madagascar, Boivin.

207. N. (Sagen.) Lobbi, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more l., naked, substramineous ;
Jr. about 1 ft. each way, subdeltoid, with an entire terminal pinna 4-6 in. L.,
$-Zin. br., tapering gradually from the middle to each end, and 2 similar lateral
ones on each side, the lowest long-stalked and tripartite ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins obscure, the primary ones close and very oblique; areole without free
veinlets ; sori copious, scattered.—Aspid. Hz. Sp. 4. p. 59. t. 282.

Hab. Borneo.

208. N. (Sagen.) semibipinnatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., pale-brown,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a linear-oblong terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1.,
1 in. br., entire and narrowed towards both ends, and 4-6 smaller lateral ones on
each side, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs tripartite ; tezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins
inconspicuous, the primary ones lost before they reach the-edge, with fine, close
areole between them, with free included veinlets; sord minute, scattered,
confined to the connected veinlets.—Aspid. Ak. Sp. 4. p. 59. t. 281.

Hab. Penang and Borneo.

209. N. (Sagen.) Meyanthidis, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 6-12 in. L, naked,
brownish ; fr. 1-2 ft.1., 1 ft. or more br., with an acuminate, oblong-lanceolate,
sinuated, terminal pinna 6-12 in. |., 1-1¢ in. br., and 2-4 similar ones on each
side, the lowest stalked, sometimes forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; primary veins
close, conspicuous, prolonged to the edge ; areole fine, with copious free veinlets ;
sori small, scattered, all on the connected veinlets.—Asp. Presi. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 57.

Hab. Philippines, Solomon Islands, New Guinea.—In habit and texture this most
resembles V. pachyphyllwm, differing by its small irregular sori and pinne narrowed
gradually to the base.

210. N. (Sagen.) érriguum, Baker; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., greyish, finely
villose; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid, with a large oblong terminal
pinna with a pair of deep lanceolate lobes at the base, and below 1-2 pairs of
slightly sinuated lateral pinne, the lowest forked at the base; zezture papy-
raceo-herbaceous ; main veins flexuose ; areolw fine, copious, with free included
veinlets ; sord small, scattered, often confluent ; énvol. small, fugacious.—Aspid.
J. Sn. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 239. Poly. menisciicarpon, Hk, Sp. 5. p. 86. (in part).
Microsorium trifidum, /ée.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 31.—This may be a form of the next species, but the
irregular confluent sori are peculiar.

211. N. (Sagen.) polymorphum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.
2P

298 44, NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA,

naked, brownish ; /r. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18in. br., with a large, oblong, entire terminal

pinna 6-12 in, 1., 1-2 in. br., and 2-6 similar lateral ones on each side, the lower

ones often forked ; teature subcoriaceous ; principal veins distinct to the edge ;

arcole fine, close, with copious free veinlets ; soré small, scattered, abundant,

PH on the connected veinlets.—Asp. Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 64. A. grandifolium,
tt.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 4,000 ft.) to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

212. N. (Sagen.) elatum, Baker; st. 3-4 ft. 1., stout, erect, dull-brown, scaly
at the base; /r. 3-3} ft. 1., the apex nearly 2 ft. 1., 5-partite, the central lobe
5 in. br. at the base, the lowest reaching nearly down to the rachis, below this
3-4 pinne on each side, the lowest stalked, 18 in. 1, 4-5 in. br., narrowed
towards both ends, slightly sinuated below; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
main veins distinct to the edge, 4-3 in. apart; areol@ fine, copious, with free
included veinlets ; soré close, large, copious, scattered irregularly, principally on
the connected veinlets.

Hab. Foot of Mt. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5725.

** Sori large, confined to a distinct row on each side of the principal veins.
Sp. 213-224.

218. N. (Sagen.) Pica, Baker; st. 6-12 in. ]., black, glossy; . 1-2 ft. L,
1 ft. or more br., pedato-pinnatifid, or more usually pinnate, with 1 or 2 pairs of
pinne, which are 6-12 in. ]., 2 in. or more br., the edge broadly undulated, the
lowest sometimes with 1 or 2 large pinni. on the lower side at the base ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; main ves distinct to the edge ; areole copious,
with free included veinlets; sor? in two rows between the primary veins.—
Aspid. Desv. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 46. A. trifoliatum, Auct. (in ail.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—Differs from A. trifoliatum by its ebeneous stems and
cordate involucre. ‘

214, N. (Sagen.) Zollingertanum, Baker; sf. 9-12 in. 1., naked ; fr. 8-12 in. L,
6-8 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex deeply pinnatifid, below this 3-4 pinnae on each
side, the lowest 3-4 in. 1, long-stalked, deltoid, cut down below into dis-
tinctly separated, deeply pinnatifid pénnl. with blunt linear-oblong lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins beneath prominent, anastomosing principally in large
costular arches ; areole large, with free included veinlets, depressed so as to
form a cavity, in which on the end of the free vein the large copious sori are
placed.—Asp. Kze. A. immersum, Hs. Sp. 4. p. 68. Phlebigonium, Fée.

Hab. Java, Zollinger ; and we have received copious specimens in Dr. Helfer’s
Tenasserim collections. :

215. N. (Sagen.) variolosum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; sf. 1 ft. or more L,
naked, brownish ; fr. 12-18 in. |., 8-12 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex deeply
pinnatifid, with lanceolate, acuminate, entire or sinuated lobes; below this 1-3
pairs of lateral pinne, the lowest much the largest, sometimes cut down to the
rachis at the base with a deeply pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
primary veins distinct; areole rather large, with free veinlets; sord large, in
rows near the veins, terminating free veinlets.—Asp. Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. bil.

Hab, N. India and Malaya.—tThis has quite the habit and texture of N, subtriphyllum,
differing in sori and venation. I cannot separate A. alienwm, Mett.

216. N. (Sagen.) datifolium, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1, glossy, ebeneous ; /.
2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate-acuminate
lobes, the lower ones sinuated, below this 3-5 pinne on each side, the lowest much

44, NEPHRODIUM, §§$§§ SAGENTA, 299

the largest, 8-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., deeply pinnatifid above, pinnated at the base,
lobes acute; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis glossy like the stipe; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areole fine, with copious free included veinlets ; soré
in rows near the main veins, mainly or entirely on the connected veinlets.—
Polypodium, Forst. Aspid. irregulare, Brack. p. 180.

Hab, Polynesian Islands,—We include both the latifolium and irregulare of our first
edition,

217. N. (Sagen.) decwrrens, Baker; rhizome creeping ; st. narrowly winged,
often nearly or quite to the base; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down toa
winged rachis into 4-8 pairs of sinuated linear-oblong pinne 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
the lowest sometimes forked ; teature subcoriaceous ; principal veins distinct to
the edge, connected by copious areolee with free included veinlets ; sort large, in
two regular rows between the principal veins.—Aspid. Presl. A. pteropus, Kze.
Ik. Sp. 4. p. 47.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, Formosa, Aneiteum, Fiji, Samoa.—
Habit of N. vastum, from which it is well distinguished by the biserial sori. A dwarf
form, with fronds under 1 ft, 1., and the fertile ones much contracted, is figured from
Ceylon by Capt. Beddome, Fil. 8, Ind. t. 245, This is the var. Thwaitesit of the Kew
Garden Catalogue.

218. N. (Sagen.) siifolium, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, brownish ; jr.
1 ft. or more l., 6-8 in. br., with a broad, oblong, acuminate, terminal pinna,
and 3-4 lateral ones on each side, the lowest stalked, 3-4 in. 1, 2 in. br., forked
at the base, the margin rather deeply lobed ; tevture subcoriaceous ; primary
veins close, distinct to the edge ; areol@ fine, copious, with free included veinlets ;
sort large, copious, in two close rows, often confluent.—Polypod. Willd. Aspid.
Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 287. A. Teysmannianum, Hé&, Sp. 4. p. 41. t. 236. Polyp.
menisciicarpon, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 86. (in part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 4. Javaand Sumatra, Courtallum, Dr. Wight.

219. N. (Sagen.) pachyphyllum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., naked, brownish ;
jr. 2-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with an oblong-lanceolate, entire, or sinuated terminal
‘pinnae 6-12 in. 1., #-14 in. br., and 4-8 similar erecto-patent lateral ones on each
side, the lower ones forked at the base ; feature subcoriaceous; primary veins
straight and distinct nearly to the edge ; areol@ fine, with copious free included
veinlets ; sot large, in two regular rows.—Asp. Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 56. A.
grande, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. 4, p. 55.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Isles, Solomon Isles, Fiji.

220. N. (Sagen.) Barter, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more l., naked, substramineous ;
jr. 2-8 ft. L, 12-18 in. br., with an oblong, entire terminal pinna 9-12 in. 1.,
38-4 in. br., acuminate at the apex and narrowed gradually to the base, and
8-4 similar ones on each side, all simple, the lowest slightly stalked ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main veims distinct to the edge, } in.
apart; areole fine, copious, with free included veinlets; sorz rather small,
placed in two regular rows near the main veins; ¢nvol. minute, fugacious.—
Aspid. J. Sm. Ferns, B. & F. p. 286.

Hab. Fernando Po, Barter and Mann.—Most like N. polymorphum in habit and
texture,

221. N. (Sagen.) cdeutariwm, Baker ; st.1 ft. or more l., brownish or ebeneous 3
Jr. 1-2 ft. 1, subdeltoid, the apex deeply pinnated, with sinuated lanceolate
lobes ; below this 3-6 pinne on each side, the lowest subdeltoid, deeply pin-
natifid or pinnate below ; tewture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areole with few or no included free veinlets; soré
rather large, in two rows near the main veins on connected or free veinlets——

300 45, NEPHROLEDPIS.

Polyp. Linn, Aspid. Sw. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 48.—G, N. apiifolium, Hk. & Arn. ;
larger and more compound ; lower pinn@ deltoid, 1 ft. or more ae rachis broad-
winged above, often free below; sori sometimes immersed. — A. latifolium,~
Presi. Hk, Sp. 4. p.51. <A. dilaceratum, Kée.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru, Polynesian and Malayan
Islands, Himalayas (up to 4,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land,
Angola, Guinea Coast.—This includes all the Zusagenie (six species) of Moore’s Index.
The extremes differ in size very much, but all the forms appear to agree in sori and
venation. Grammatosorus Blumeanus, Regel, Gartenfl. 1866, p. 306, is probably a form
of this with abnormal sori.

222. N. (Sagen.) Grifithii, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., brownish, not glossy ; fr. 3-4
ft. 1. with a large terminal pénna cut down nearly to the rachis in the lower part
into lanceolate divisions, with deep lanceolate-acuminate lobes, below this several
pinnee on each side, the lowest deltoid, 1 ft. or more l., by nearly as broad, deeply
pinnatifid above, pinnate below ; teature papyraceo-herbaceous ; main veins dis-
tinct to the edge, with copious free included veinlets ; sori rather large, in two
rows, nearly all terminating free veinlets.

Hab. Burmah, Grifith—This comes nearest the largest forms of the preceding, but
the venation is closer, and it has copious free veins, and sori not on the connected veinlets.

223, N. (Sagen.) simulans, Baker; st. tufted, 1-1} ft., castaneous, naked, like
vachises ; basal scales linear, dark-brown ;' fr. deltoid, 13-2 ft. each way, tripin-
natifid ; lowest pinne largest, deltoid, stalked, with several large lanceolate deeply
pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture thin but firm ; surfaces naked, bright-green ; areole few,
except costal arches ; sori medial, uniseriate near ribs, terminal on free veins ; inv.
large, glabrous.—N, giganteum, edt. 1, ex parte. Sagenia Thwaitesii, Bedd. FS. L.
t. 2

Hab. Ceylon, Thwaites, C. P. 3331, Wall.—The true giganteum has grey rachises,
compital sori, and Pleocnemia venation.

224. N. (Sagen.) macrophylium, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., dull brownish,
scaly below; jr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with a large-terminal pinna, often
forked at the base, and 4-8 lanceolate-oblong lateral ones on each side, 6-12 in.1.,
1-3 in. br., entire or slightly lobed, the lowest pair forked at the base ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces usually naked; primary veins
continued nearly to the edge, with numerous fine areole with free included
veinlets between them; sor? in 2 rows between each primary vein.—Aspid.
Swz. Hk, Sp. 4. p. 56.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru,—The Malayan
A. Haenkei, Presl, is either a form of this or very near it,

Gen. 45, Nerurouepis, Schott.

Sori round, arising from the apex of the upper branch of a vein, generally
near the edge. Jnvol. reniform or roundish. Veins in all free, the fronds simply
pinnate, with the pinne articulated at the base and often very deciduous in the dried
plant, with white eretaceous dots on the upper surface. Belts the world in the
Tropics, passing a little beyond them both north and south. Tan. V. f. 46.

1. N. cordifolia, Presl; caud. suberect or oblique, the wiry fibres often
bearing tubers ; s/. tufted, wiry, 1-4 in. 1, slightly scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. L., 13-2 in.
br. ; panne close, often imbricated, about 1 in. 1., }-$ in. br., usually blunt, the
edge entire or slightly crenate, the under side rounded or cordate, the upper
distinctly auricled at the base ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; both
sides nearly naked ; soré in a row about midway between the midrib and edge ;
énvol, firm, distinctly reniform, oblique or opening towards the outer edge.—

45, NEPHROLEPIS. 301

Polypod, Zinn. N. tuberosa, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 151.—8, N. pectinata, Schott ; no
tubers, stem and rachis naked, pinne less distinctly auricled at the base on the
upper, obliquely truncate on the lower side.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru; Japan and N. India southward t<
Australia and New Zealand ; Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Guinea Coast. 6 restricted
to the New World.—Distinguished from the two next by its narrower frond, close blunt
pinne, and submedial sori. Here belong XN. occidentalis, Kunze, N. imbricata, Kaulf.,
N. obtusifolia, Presl, and NV. delicatula, Decaisne ; the latter a small delicate N, Indian
form.

2. N. ewaltata, Schott; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, firm, naked, or slightly scaly ;
Jr. 1-2 ft. or more 1., 3-6 in. br.; pinne close, 14-3 in. 1., 4-4 in. br., usually
acute, the edge entire or slightly crenate, the upper side auricled, the lower
rounded at the base ; ¢ewtwe subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ;
sort submarginal ; znvol. firm, distinctly reniform.—Hzé. Sp. 4. p. 152.—B, N.
hirsutula, Presl ; rachis densely and both surfaces more or less coated with

ferruginous down.—Polyp. Forst.

Hab. Cuba, the Bahamas, and Mexico to Peru and Brazil ; Polynesia ; N. India and
Chusan to Queensland and Ceylon; Mauritius, Angola, Zambesi-land, Guinea Coast.—
To this appear to belong N. volubilis, J. Sm., a straggling flexuose form, and the
American A. pilosum, L. and F. The typical plant differs from the next species by its
smaller size and firmer distinctly reniform involucres; but in some of the forms which
agree with this in habit, as the New World A. sesgwipedale, Willd., N. valida, Kze.,
NV. neglecta, Kze., the involucre resembles that of N. acuta.

3. N. acuta, Presl; sé. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, naked or slightly scaly ; fr.
2-4 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br.; pinny 4-8 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., acute, the edge entire
or slightly crenate, the upper side auricled, the lower rounded at the base ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ; soré submar-
ginal ; invol. suborbicular, subpeltate—H#. Sp. 4. p. 153. N. punctulata,
Presl. N. ensifolia, Presi. N. splendens, Presi, N. biserrata, Schott, oldest
name.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and Brazil ; Polynesia, Hong-Kong, and Loo Choo
to Queensland ; Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Natal, Angola, Guinea Coast.—As will
be seen, this is almost identical with the preceding in its distribution, There is also a
ferrugineo-tomentose variety of this, which appears to be NV. rufescens, Presl. NV. platyotis,
Kunze, is a form with the auricle sometimes 1 in. 1.

4. N. ramosa, Moore; st. very short, scattered, on a slender, wiry, wide-
creeping rhizome ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br.; pinnw 4-14 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.
slightly crenate, the upper edge auricled and truncate, parallel with the stem,
the lower oblique ; teature papyraceous ; rachis and both sides slightlyyillose,
the whole plant turning blackish when dried; imvol. roundish, very ‘fuga-
cious.— Aspidium, Beauv. N. obliterata, £4. Sp. 4. p. 154. N. tricho-
manoides, /. Sm. :

Hab. West Tropical Africa, Johanna Island, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, Australia,
Samoa, FijiiBeauvoie’ is the oldest name, and he has given a characteristic figure in
the Flore d’Oware. Polypodium? Beckleri, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 224, is this in a small barren
atate. :

5. N. altescandens, Baker ; st. very short, distant, on a slender, wiry, wide-
creeping rhizome; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 1-3 in. br.; pinnae 3-13 in. 1, 2-2 in. br.
distinctly crenato-pinnatifid, the upper edge auricled and truncate, parallel with
the stem, the lower oblique ; tewture papyraceous ; rachis and both sides more or
less villose, the plant keeping green when dried ; invod. very fugacious.—Polyp.

- Colla, Hk, Sp. 4. p. 218. P. procurrens, A ze.

302 46. OLEANDRA,

Hab. Juan Fernandez.— This differs from the preceding by its firmer texture,
crenate pinne, and by not turning at all black when dried. Both have the stem
usually jointed a short distance above the base, as in J. Smith’s Arthropteris,

6. N. floceigera, Moore; st. furfuraceous ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae
4-6 in. ]., 3-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenated to a depth of 1 lin,
the base slightly unequal ; tecture subcoriaceous; rachis and under surface
furfuraceous ; soré in the crenations ; invol. firm, reniform.—/&. Sp. 4. p. 155.

Hab. Java and Celebes.—Resembles exaltata in habit, but the pinne are distinctly
crenated, and the sori placed at the tip of the lobes.

7. N. davallioides, Kze. ; caud. short, stoloniferous ; sé. tuftéd, 1 ft. or more l.,
scaly towards the base; fr. drooping, 2-8 ft.1., 1 ft. or more br.; lower pinne
barren, 4-8 in. l., $-1 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge inciso-crenate to a
depth of 1 lin. or less, fertile pinne narrower, the lobes deeper and bearing each
a single sorus at the point; tezture subcoriaceous’; rachis furfuraceous, both
sides nearly naked ; énvol. reniform.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 155. Fil. Ex. t. 60.

Hab. Java.—Clearly distinguished by its pinnatifid fertile pianz, with the sori at the
tip of the lobes. Ophioglossum acuminatum, Hout., is the oldest name.

Gen. 46. OLEsanpRA, Cav.

Sort round, inserted in a row near the base or below the centre of the compact
free veinlets. Jnvol. reniform. A small genus, almost restricted to the Tropics,
distinguished from Nephrodium mainly by, habit, with wide-creeping scandent shoots,
jointed stems, and entire lanceolate-elliptical fronds. Tas. V. f. 46.

1. O. neriiformis, Cav. 3; shoots woody, suberect, clothed with adpressed scales ;
st. 4-1 in. 1, with the joint below the middle; fr. 6-18 in. 1, 3-14 in. br.,
scattered, or in opposite pairs, or often in terminal whorls, narrowed gradually
towards both ends ; texture generally subcoriaceous and both sides naked ; soré
in two rather irregular rows near the midrib ; znvol. oblique. —H&. Sp. 4. p. 156.
(in part). Fil. Ex. t. 58.

Hab. America—N. Granada and Guiana to Brazil and Peru; Fiji, N. Guinea, Samoa,
Aneiteum, N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Philippines, Malaccas, Guinea Coast.—A variable
plant, but we cannot distinguish clearly more than one species with firm suberect shoots.
O. phyllarthron, Kze., is a form with small, rigid, sessile fronds; O. micans, Kze. ;
O. hirta, Brack. ; O. mollis, Presl; O. trujulensis, Karst. ; O. Airtella, Miquel; and
O. pilosa, Hk., are 8. American plants, with thinner and more or less pilose fronds, and
with the sori often in an irregular wavy line not close to the midrib, asin O. articulata.

2. O. musefolia, Kunze; shoots firm, wide-climbing, clothed with adpressed
scales, curving upwards to where it bears the fronds singly or in tufts of 2 to 5,
and then downwards; st.4-1 in. 1, jointed close to the base ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1} in.
br., narrowed gradually towards both ends; texture subcoriaceous, naked or
the midrib slightly pilose ; sori in two irregular rows near the midrib ; énvol.
oblique.—Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 240.

Hab. Ceylon and Malay Isles.— Well distinguished from the preceding by its different
mode of growth. 0. Moritati, Kunze, is a form with more scattered fronds and sub-
squarrose scales,

8. O. articulata, Cav.; shoots firm, suberect, wide-climbing, clothed with
linear-subulate adpressed scales; st. scattered, sometimes opposite but not
whorled, 1-2 in. 1., with the joint close to the base; /. 6-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br.;
texture subcoriaceous ; midrib beneath slightly scaly; sori in two irregular
rows, often seme distance from the midrib—O. neriiformis Hé. Sp. 4. p. 156.

47, FADYENIA, 303

(in part).—B, O. Welwitschir, Baker ; shoots weaker, wide-trailing ; scales linear-
subulate, squarrose.

Hab. Natal, Mascaren Isles, Seychelles, Guinea Coast ; 8, Angola, Dr. Welwitsch.—
The typical plant is about midway in mode of growth between species 1 and 4; 6 has

the trailing shoots and spreading scales of nodosa, but in other respects agrees with
this.

4. O. nodosa, Pres] ; shoots trailing horizontally, densely clothed with linear-
subulate spreading scales; sf. scattered, 2-6 in. |, often ebeneous, articulated
not far from the base ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 14-24 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
entire ; ¢exture subcoriaceous, both sides glossy ; sori scattered, placed nearly
all in the inner half of the frond ; dmvol. 4 lin. br.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 157.

Hab. West Indies and Guiana.—Distinguished from all the other species by its trailing
shoots, satiny gloss, and copious irregularly-scattered sori.

5. O. Wallichit, Hk.; shoots trailing horizontally, the scales fibrillose,
spreading, ferruginous; sé. close or scattered, 3-2 in. L., jointed close to the
base; fr. 6-12 in. 1, #14 in. br., the apex acuminate; teature papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or scaly ; both sides naked ; soré in
single rows close to the midrib ; invol. 4 lin. br., ciliated, opening towards the
edge.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 158.

Hab. N. India, up to 7,000 ft.

6. O. Cumingii, J. Sm.; shoots trailing horizontally, clothed with adpressed
linear scales; st. close or scattered, 2-8 in. |., articulated near the base ; fr. 12-18
in. l., 15 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both ends ; ¢eature herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides slightly pubescent ; sor? in two irregular rows near, but
not close to, the midrib ; invol. firm, oblique—Hz. Sp. 4. p. 155. O. chinensis,
Hance.—B, O. Sibbaldi, Grev.; teature thinner ; surfaces more hairy; sori in
very irregular wavy lines not so near the midrib—Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. 1.
Pp» 827.

Hab. Canton, Assam, Philippines, Neilgherries, and Malaya.—Var. longipes, Hk.,
from Moulmein, has stems 4-5 in 1., articulated near the middle. 6, Tahiti; gathered
by Sibbald and Bidwell. Probably this occurs in Tropical Australia, as there are speci-
mens amongst Leichbardi’s plants.

Gen. 47. Fapyrnta, Hook.

Sort oblong, in two series near the midrib, terminating free veinlets. Jnvol.
Jarge, subrenitorm, attached by the centre, free all round the edge. A single
est Indian species. Tan. V. f. 47.

1. F. prolifera, Hk.; fr. entire, dimorphous, the sterile ones 2-1 in. br.,
elongated and rooting at the apex, the fertile one ligulate, narrowed below,
6-9 in, 1., #2 in. br.; veéns anastomosing copiously ; texture subcoriaceous ;
sori filling up nearly the whole space between midrib and edge.—Hh. Sp. 4.
p. 160. Fil, Ho. t. 36.

Hab, Cuba and Jamaica,

304 48. POLYPoDIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

s

B. Exinvolucrate. Sori without an involucre. Trusts 11-138. Gry. 48-61.

Tribe 11. PoLypopiEs.

Sori on the back of the lobes, round or rarely oblong, not more than twice as long
as broad. Gun. 48.

Gen. 48. Ponyopium, Z. (See page 504.)
Characters of the Tribe.

_ The largest genus, including plants of two different modes of growth, each series
including a number of species of each of the different kinds of venation and from all
climates. Tas. V. f. 48. .

* Desmobryoid series. Habit and mode of growth of Aspidiew, 4. e. stems
continuous with the caudex, and sort always medial on the veins. Phegopteris,
Meit. Sp. 1-90.

i Buphesopberts, Venation of Lastrea, t.¢. veins free. Sp. 1-385. Tas. 48.
ig. C.

* Pinne entire or lobed less than halfway down to the midrib. Sp. 1-7.

1. P. (Pheg.) cubanum, Baker ; st. very short, slender, stramineous, pubescent ;
Jr. 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinne oblong, entire, blunt, 2 lin. br.,
rounded at the base and stalked, the lower ones reduced ; textwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side finely pubescent ; veindets of the pinne usually simple, with
medial sori. P. cordatum, 4%. Sp. 4. p. 233, non Kunze. ;

Hab. Cuba.—Probably a free-veined form of P. reptans, with which Mettenius
unites it,

2. P. (Pheg.) hastefolium, Sw. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, deciduously scaly ;
Jr. 6-9 in. 1., 13-2 in. br. 3 pinne blunt, entire, ¢ in. br., with a sharp distinct .
auricle on both sides at the base, those of the lower half of the frond reduced
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis villose; under side nearly naked ;
veinlets forked, with the sori below the middle.—Hz&. Sp. 4. p. 282.

Hab. West Indies.

3. P. (Pheg.) flavo-punctatum, Kaulf. ; st. 14-2 ft. 1. slightly ‘scaly towards
the base ; 77. 2-8 ft. or more ]., 12-18 in. br. ; pénne@ 6-9 in. lL, 1-1} in. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge crenate or inciso-dentate, the lower ones slightly
stalked, 2 in. apart, the lowest not reduced; texture papyraceo-herbaceous 5
rachis naked or slightly scaly, both sides naked ; main veins only about 2 lin. apart,
with 8-4 veinlets on each side, all except the upper ones uniting ; sor? medial.—
8, P. Prionitis, Kunze ; pinna lobed from a quarter to a third of the way down
to the midrib.—.H&. Sp. 4. p. 239.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico to Peru and Brazil.—Neph. Imrayanum, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 86. t. 242. A., is evidently the same plant, and I cannot see an involucre. The name
is derived from minute pellucid yellow dots, which are scattered over the frond, It may
be P. rotundifolium, Willd. (Plumier, t. 38). °

4. P. (Pheg.) Wrightit, Baker ; caudex woody, erect ; basal scales dense
brown, lanceolate; st. tufted, grey, 3-2 ft.; fr. 6-9 in. L, lanceolate, simply
pinnate ; pinne 8-9-jugate, lower largest, stalked, distant, lanceolate-acuminate,
2-3 in. ]., 4 in. br. above the auricle, square and auricled on the upper, cuneate-
truncate on the lower side at the base, sometimes slightly auricled ; rachis
grey, naked; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, nake d+. veins

‘

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 305

arcuate-ascending, close, lower twice forked ; sori in a single row, not far from
the edge of the pinne, terminal on anterior forks of veins.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, 8924.

5. P. (Pheg.) alleopterum, Kunze ; st. 13 ft. 1.3 fr. 14 ft. 1, 1 ft. br., ovate-
oblong, slightly narrowed below’; pinne 6 in. 1., 1} in. br., the edge inciso-
crenate, with subfalcate acute or obtuse lobes, the base unequal, the lower pinne
stalked ; tevture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets
2-5 on a side; sord large, close to the main veins.—Mett, Pheg. p. 19.

Hab, Columbia. °

6. P. (Pheg.) tijuccanum, Raddi; st. 1-13 ft. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed
with fibrillose brown scales; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br.; lower pénne stalked,
6-9 in. 1., 1-1$ in. br., cut about halfway down to the rachis into blunt entire
lobes 3 in. br., lower ones not reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
scaly ; wnder side naked ; veinlets 6-9 on a side, simple, with the sor? below the
middle.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 289.

Hab. Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.

7. P. (Pheg.) Carrit, Baker ; s¢. stramineous, 3-1 ft., slightly scaly throughout
like rachis ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 ft., simply pinnate; pzmnw 15-20-jugate,
ligulate acuminate, lower short-stalked, 4-6 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., bluntly lobed,
lowest not reduced, base unequal, lower side more cuneate ; texture moderately
firm ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous, the midribs below rather scaly ; veins in
pinnate groups corresponding to the lobes, with 8-4 distant veinlets on a side ;
sort near main veins.—/%. Bras. p. 597.

Hab. Rio J: aneiro, Lieut. Carr, Prof. Cunningham.

** Pinne cut more than halfway down to the rachis into close, regular, subentire
‘lobes. Sp. 8-24, Veinlets all simple except in 20-24,

8. P. (Pheg.) cespitosum, Paker ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. slender, grey,
naked, 6-9 in. ; fv. oblong-lancculate, bipinnatifid, 3 ft. 1.3 pinnee sessile, lanceo-
late caudate, lower 2-23 in, l., 2-Zin. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close
blunt ligulate pinnl. 1 lin. br., lowest pinnae scarcely at all, lowest pinnl. on
both sides much reduced ; texture membranous ; surfaces green, the ribs slightly
pubescent ; veins simple, distinct, 6-7-jugate ; sori minute, inframedial.—Phe-
gopteris, Fourn, Fil, Mex, p. 89.

Hab. Mexico, Bourgeau, 2005.—General habit of Nephrodium chrysolobum.

9. P. (Pheg.) deflewum, Baker ; caud. erect, the scales ovate, dull-brown ; sé.
2-3 in. 1., slender, naked, stramineous ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 2 in. br.; pinne@ 1 in. 1.,
+ in. br. ; lanceolate-acuminate, cut down to the rachis into pointed linear-
oblong lobes 2 lin. br., the lower pinnee deflexed, very distant and dwindling
down gradually to mere auricles ; texture herbaceous; rachis naked, stramineous;
both sédes slightly hairy ; veins 4-6 on each side ; sor2 nearer the midrib than the
edge.—Phegop. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. 241. Nephrodium, Presi.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 321.—Habit of N. Beddomet.

10. P. (Pheg.) obtustlobum, Desv.; st. densely tufted, about 1 ft. 1., slender,
nearly naked ; fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 8-10 in. br.; pinne 4-6 in. 1, 3-2 in. br.,
narrowed gradually from the base to the point, cut down nearly to the rachis into
entire slightly falcate lobes $ in. br. ; lower pinne reduced gradually ; texture
herbaceous ; vachises naked or slightly pubescent ; veinlets 8-9 on a side; soré
small, medial.—Aspidium Desvauxii, Meit. Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 181,

2e

306 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

Hab, Mauritius and Madagascar, Bojer ; Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po, Mann;
Natal, Buchanan.—Habit of Neph. conterminum.

11. P. (Pheg.) cyatheafolium, Desv. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, naked, stramineous ;
Jr. 13-2 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br.; pinne 6-9 in. |., 2 in. or more br., cut down to
a broadly-winged rachis into faleate entire lobes, 3-3 in. br., lowest pair rather
smaller and deflexed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; veiniets 8-9
ona side, with the sor? about the centre.—P. Sieberianum, Kawlf. Hk, Sp. 4. p.285.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—Occasionally the lowest veinlets join those above them
in the same group, and in the barren frond they fork copiously,.and join towards the
edge. Resembles most Neph. brachyodon.

12. P. (Pheg.) erubescens, Wall.; st. 2 ft. or more 1., tetragonous, glossy,
stramineous, naked ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br.; lower pimnw sometimes 1 ft. L.,
1} in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close acute or bluntish entire lobes
2 lin. br. ; texture rigid, subcoriaceous; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets
simple, often 20 on a side, the sord close to the raised midrib.—, amboynensis ;
lower pinne on stalks 1 in. ]. and narrowed conspicuously at the base ; sod not
close to the midrib. Hz. Sp. 4. p. 236.

Hab. N. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—Habit of N. prolixum,
but lower pinnz not reduced,

13. P. (Pheg.) appendiculatum, Wall. ; sé. tufted, about 1 ft. 1., deciduously
villose ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinna 3-5 in. 1., 3-2 in. br.,
narrowed from the base to an acuminate point, cut down nearly to the rachis
into linear-oblong falcate lobes 4 in. br.; lower pinne with a small gland at the
base, slightly reduced ; texture herbaceous; rachis and lower surface villose ;
veintets 8-12 on a side ; sori close to the midrib Wall. Cat. 349.

Hab. East Himalayas and Penang. — Intermediate between the preceding and
following. .

14, P. (Pheg.) auriculatum, Wall. ; st. tufted, 14-2 ft. 1, deciduously villose ;
Jr. 3-4 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br.; pinne 6-8 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into close spreading entire blunt lobes 2-8 lin. br. ; lower pinne reduced
down to mere auricles, furnished with a prominent gland at the base beneath ;
teature herbaceous ; rachis densely villose; wnder side nearly naked; veinlets
simple, 10-12 on a side, bearing the sori about the middle—&. Sp. 4. p. 288.

Hab, Himalayas, up to 6,000 ft.

15. P. (Pheg.) Germanianum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., tufted, firm, erect, nearly.
naked ; fr. 2 ft. 1,1 ft. br.; central pénne 6 in. |, 12 in. br., cut three-quarters
of the way down to the rachis into linear-oblong blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br.,
with a space between them, the lower pinne sessile, much reduced ; teeture
herbaceous ; rachis and veins beneath slightly pubescent ; veins pinnate in the
lobes, with 8-10 veinlets on a side; sori medial_—Pheg. Fée, Mem. 11-12. t. 13.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L’Herminier.—P. ctenoides, maerotheca, and hydrophila, Fée, are
allied plants from the same island ; all of them closely resembling Gymmogramme daval-
Uioides in general habit, but the sori are roundish.

16. P. (Pheg.) rusticum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, strong, densely clothed
with lanceolate spreading scales; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br.3 central pinne
4-5 in. L, # in. br., cut three-quarters of the way down to the rachis into close
blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br. ; lower pinne distant and dwindling down very
gradually ; ceatwre herbaceous ; rachis scaly in the lower part, villose throughout
like the coste ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 simple veinlets on a side ;
sori medial.—Phegopteris, Fée, Mem, 11-12. ¢. 13.

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 307

Hab. Guadeloupe, Z’Herminier.—Habit not unlike that of the least-divided forms of
NV. Filiz-mas.

17. P. (Pheg.) refulgens, Klotzsch ; st. 1 ft.1., clothed with bright-brown scales
throughout ; fr. 14 ft. 1, 1 ft. br. ; pinne 6-8 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., cut down to the
centre ‘into close oblong obtuse slightly-toothed lobes 3 in. br., the lower pinne
stalked and rather narrowed at the base ; tecture herbaceous; rachis and main
veins above densely downy, the veins beneath with yellowish glandular hairs
and reddish setaceous scales; veinlets simple, 7-12 on each side ; sové medial. —
Phegop. Jfat. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 240.

Hab. Panama, Columbia, and Guiana.—Habit of Neph. caripense.

18. P. (Pheg.) rude, Kze.; st. 14-2 ft. 1, sealy towards the base, villose
upwards ; fr. 3-4 ft. or more L., 12-18 in. br. ; pinn@ 8-12 in. |., 14 in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into subfalcate entire lobes } in. br., the lower pinne
not reduced, but with a gland at the base and the lower lobes small ; éezture
subcoriaceous; rachis conspicuously villose and under side less so; veinlets
els 12-16 on a side; sort submarginal.—Zk. Sp. 4. p. 248. Glaphyropteris,

esl. :

Hab. Mexico to Peru.—Neph. piloso-hispidum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 105, seems to belong
here, and I cannot distinguish an involucre.

19. P. (Pheg.) decussatum, L.; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, erect, scaly towards the
base, polished upwards, sometimes slightly muricated ; fr. 3-4 ft. or more L.,
12-18 in. br.; pinne 8-12 in. L, 1-13 im. br., cut down nearly or quite
to the rachis into close spreading entire blunt lobes 1-13 lin. br., with a large
subulate gland at the base beneath ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous, rigid; rachis and
both sides nearly naked ; veiniets simple, close, 20 or more on a side; soré in
rows near the midrib. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 244. Glaphyropteris, Presi.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Peru and Brazil,

20. P. (Pheg.) unisorum, Baker ; st, tufted, slender, 1 in. 1., dark purplish-
brown, clothed throughout with linear scales ; 7r. 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate ; pinn@ horizontal, with a roundish terminal Jobe 13-2 lin. each way,
and 1-2 smaller sessile ones on each side ; tezture coriaceous; rachis densely
scaly like the stem; both sides naked ; veins immersed, flabellate ; one large
sorus at the base of each lobe.

Hab. Mount Rauai, Sandwich Isles, Hillebrand.—A very curious and distinct litile
plant.

21, P. (Pheg.) platylobum, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly towards
the base, finely villose upwards ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; central pinne
6-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lower part into blunt oblong
nearly entire subfalcate lobes 3 in. br. ; lower pinne slightly reduced ; rachises
densely villose ; under surface nearly naked ; texture herbaceous ; veinlets about
6 on a side, the lower ones forked; sori almost marginal.—P. rotundatum,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 238. (non Willd.)

Hab. Tarapota, N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4656.

22. P. (Pheg.) fibrillosum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., densely clothed
throughout with spreading fibrillose scales; fr. 13-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; lower
pinne the largest, sessile, 6 in. 1., 13 in. br., cut down within 1 lin. of the rachis
into close, blunt, nearly entire falcate lobes 3-4 lin. br.; ¢ezture herbaceous ;
rachis fibrillose and upwards villose; both sides nearly naked ; veinlets forked,
6-8 on a side, with the soré close to the midrib.

Hab. Andes of N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4742.

308 48, POLYPODIUM, § BUPHEGOPTERIS.

23. P. pes macrophyllum, Hk.; st. } in. thick, 4 ft. 1, clothed with
scattered lanceolate scales; j*. ample, 5-6 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br.; lowest pinne
16 in. 1, 2} in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into close slightly-
toothed subfalcate lobes ey br. ; tevture papyraceo-herbaceous, firm ; colour
dark-green ; both sides naked ; veinlets simple, 12 or more on a side, bearing sori
about the centre.—H&k. Sp. 4. p. 241.

Hab. Andes of N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4270.—This also has pellucid dots, and is a very
fine plant.

24, P. (Pheg.) pteroideum, Klotzsch ; st, 2-4 ft. 1., scaly at the base, naked
and stramineous upwards; /r. 8-6 ft. or more L., 2-3 ft. br.; lower pimne 12-18
in. ]., 3-4 in. br.; pina. linear, acute, entire, } in. br., the lower ones deflexed,
the lowest reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinleta
forked ; sori quite marginal.—HZ&. Sp. 4. p. 255. t. 280.

Hab. Columbia, Ecuador, Brazil.—Distinguished from all the preceding by two-
thirds of the pinnules of the lower pinne being quite distinct. It attains a height of
15 feet.

*** Pinne cut nearly or quite down to the rachis into toothed or pinnatifid lobes.
Sp. 25-30.

25. P. (Pheg.) Phegopteris, L.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1,
slender, naked, except towards the base; 77. 6-9 in. l., 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid ;
lower pinnee 2-3 in.1., 4-2 in. br., cut down three-quarters of the way to the rachis
into close, blunt, entire or slightly toothed lobes, 14-2 lin. br., the lowest pair
deflexed ; texture thinly herbaceous ; under side slightly hairy ; veinlets 6-8 on a
side, the lower ones forked ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 245. B.F.t.3,

Hab. Lapland to Japan, Etruria, and Greece ; Greenland, Iceland, ‘and Russian
America, southward to the United States,

26. P. (Pheg.) distans, Don; st. 13-2 ft. 1, slender, glossy, stramineous or
chesnut-brown ; jr. 14-8 ft. 1, 8-12 in. or more br.; lower pinnee 6-8 in. 1.,
1; in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into deeply pinnatifid pinnl.
ae br., with blunt or acute toothed or subentire lobes, the base dilated ; zexture

erbaceous ; rachis naked, glossy, straw-coloured or brown ; under side slightly
hairy ; veinlets slightly pinnate in the lower lobes, pellucid; sové scattered,
copious.—P. paludosum, Blume. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 244.

Hab. N. India (up to 9-10,000 ft.) to Ceylon, Java.—A variable plant. P. Grifitht,
Hk. Sp. 4, p. 236, appears to be a form with subentire lobes ; and WV. microstegium, Hk.
Sp: 4, p. 119, t. 250, a large form, with distinctly-pinnatifid lobes, and a stramineous
rachis.

27. P. (Pheg.) obscurum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1, black, glossy, naked ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; pimne not close, 4-5 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut three-quarters
down to the rachis into close blunt lobes 2 lin. br., lowest pair the largest,
those of the fertile frond contracted; rachis ebeneous; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; veinlets fine, 6-8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; soré copious,
submarginal.— Hz. Sp. 4. p. 287.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 302; Tavoy, Rev. 0. &. Parish. — Very likely a non-
involucrate form of Neph. sagenioides.

28. P. ent molle, Roxb. ; st. 1 ft. or more L., stout, deciduously scaly ;
Jr. 2-8 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinne not reduced, 6-9 in, L., 14-2 in. br., cut
down to a broadly-winged rachis into oblong entire or crenated blunt lobes
7-8 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly ; under surface finely

43, POLYPODIUM, § EC FHEGOPTERIS. 309

villose all over ; reinles forked ; sori small, copious, distant from the midrib.—
P. Diane, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 234. :

Hab. St. Helena.

29. P. (Pheg.) caudatum, Kaulf.; st. 12-18 in. L, firm, angular, brownish,
slightly scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 12-15 im. br. ; pinne 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., cut down
to a distinctly-winged rachis into oblong falcate distinctly-toothed lobes 2-3 lin.
br., lower ones not reduced ; tezture herbaceous ; rachis more or less scaly ; both
surfaces naked ; veinlds simple, 1 to each tooth, 68 on a side; sori near the
midrib.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 241.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil.

30. P. (Pheg.) biseriale, Baker; st. 1-2 ft. L, slightly sealy ; jr. 2-3 ft. L,
1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinne the largest, 6-8 in. L, 2-5 in. br., cut down to the
rachis below into distinct oblong-lanceolate pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., with the veinlets
pinnate in the lower lobes; tezture herbaceous; rachises villose and slightly
scaly ; lower side nearly naked ; soré in pairs on the lower lobes.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador, Spruce, 4656.
=22% Fronds small or middle-sided, tri- or quadripinnatifid. Sp. 31-43.

* 31. P. (Pheg.) heragonopterum, Michx.; rhizome wide-creeping ; #. 12-18 in.
LL ae pc Reser naked, glossy ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., nearly as broad, deltoid ;
lower pinne 4-6 in. 1., the lowest pair deflexed, often 2 in. br., the pinnl. reaching
down nearly to the rachis, those of the lower side 1-1} in. L, pinnatifid halfway
down, with broad biunt lobes; ¢ezfure thinly herbaceous ; under side slightly
villose ; veinleis pinnate in the lobes; sort marginal.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 245.

Hab. Canada, southward to Flirida.—General habit of P. Phegopterts.

32. P. (Pheg.) Hasseltii, Blume; st. 9 in. 1, slightly scaly; fr. abont 1 ft.
each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinne 6 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; pinnl.
stalked, ovate, the lowest much the largest, with ovate-oblong obtuse lobes, the
lower ones deeply pinnatifid ; fezture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
teins pinnate in the lobes ; sori medial.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 257.

Hab. Java.

33. P. (Pheg.) rufescens, Blume; rhizome short-creeping; sf. 12-18 in. L,
firm, erect, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 9-12 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinne much
the largest, deltoid, 6-8 in. L, 3-4 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, unequal-sided,
bluntly lobed, the lowest nearly down to the rachis ; tezture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or slightly pubescent ; vein/es pinnate in the lower
lobes, 3-4 on a side ; sor? medial.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 257.

Hab. Java, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Queensland.—P. Barterianum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 254,
from Fernando Po, is evidently the same.

34. P. (Pheg,), Lyxanigria, 1. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
slender, stramineous, naked tipwards, slightly scaly below ; Jr. 6-10 in. each
way, deltoid ; lower pi much the largest ; pinnl. lanceclate, only the lowest
free, oblong, slightly crenate ; tezture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
glabrous ; sori submarginal._—HE. Sp. 4. p. 250. B. F.t.4.—, P.Robertianum,
ee ; rhizome thicker, the whole plant more rigid and finely glandular—
B. Fi. 5.

Hab. Lapland to the Pyrenees, N. Ttaly, N. India (5-8,000 ft.), Manchuria, Japan ;
America—Greenland and Sitka te the Recky Mountains and Northern United States.

310 48, PoLYPoDIUM, § KUPHEGOPTERIS,

ares nearly as wide a range as the type in Europe, and occurs also in the United
tates.

35. P. (Pheg.) glanduliferum, Liebm.; st. tufted, 8-4 in. 1., slender, stra-
mineous ; /r. 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lower pinne the largest,
about 2 in. 1, 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into distinct unequal-sided
deeply-pinnatifid pinnl., with erecto-patent, linear-oblong, entire or slightly-
toothed lobes; tevture herbaceous; rachis and both sides‘ finely glandular;
veinlets immersed ; sori 1 at the base of each lobe.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 252.

Hab. Mexico, Liebmann.

36. P. (Pheg.) drepanum, Hk.; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., with dark-coloured
ovate scales below ; fr. 13-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; lowest pinne the largest, 6-8 in.
1., 14-2 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, unequal-sided, auricled on the upper, truncate
on the lower side at the base, with a broad uncut centre and copious spinose
teeth, the lowest stalked ; texture coriaceous; veins distinct ; both sides nearly
naked ; sort medial.—Hh. Sp. 4. p. 249.

Hab. Madeira,—This and the two next have entirely the habit of Polystichum.

87. P. (Pheg.) platyphyllum, Hk. ; sé. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., clothed towards the
base with ovate scales; fr. 1-2 ft. 1, 4-12 in. br.; lower pinne the largest,
8-6 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., with distinct close unequal-sided, subrhomboidal pinnl.,
very obliquely truncate on the-lower side at the base, the upper side auricled,
with the inner edge parallel with the stem, the central part uncut, the teeth
spinose; texture subcoriaceous; rachises fibrillose ; both sides nearly naked ;
venation subflabellate ; sori small, principally in rows near the midrib.—H&. Sp.
4, p. 248.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Brazil and Peru.

88. P. (Pheg.) rigidum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, 6-18 in. 1., more or less scaly ;
fr. 1-8 ft. 1., 4-18 in. br. ; pinne 2-9 in. ]., 3-14 in. br., with close unequal-sided
subrhomboidal pinni. with copious aristate teeth ; texture coriaceous; rachises
usually scaly ; venation subflabellate ; sori principally in rows near the midrib,
—P. rigidum and pycnolepis, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 246.

Hab. Guatemala, along the Andes to Peru.—Very variable, the forms differing only
by the want of an involucre from the forms of Aspid. aculeatum, to which it should pro-
bably be joined. There is a detailed account of the various forms in the “ Species Filicum.”
We include here three species of. Mettenius,—his rigida, cochleata, and pycnolepis.

39. P. (Pheg.) Mannianum, Hk.; sé. tufted, 6-9 in. 1. glossy, stramineous,
with scattered lanceolate scales ; fr. nearly 1 ft. 1., 4-5 in. br., lanceolate ; lowest
pinne the largest, 2-3 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., cut down to the rachis below into
ovate-deltoid pinnl. with deep blunt entire lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachis
stramineous ; under surface naked ; veiniets pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori 2-8
to a pinnule.—H&, Sp. 4. p. 258,

Hab. Fernando Po, G. Mann.—Habit of the less-divided forms of NV. spinulosum,

40. P. (Pheg.) wnidentatum, Hk. & Arn.; sf. tufted, 1 ft. 1, clothed with
squarrose dark-brown linear scales towards the base ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more
br., deltoid; lower pimn@ the largest, deltoid, 6-9 in. 1, 4-5 in. br.; pinnl.
lanceolate, the lower segm. distinct, ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with slightly-
toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; wit. veinlets
forked ; sori submarginal.— H#. Sp. 4. p. 267.

Hap. Sandwich Isles.—This also, which is now in cultivation at Kew, is like a Mephro-
dium of the Lophodium group.

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 311

41. P. (Pheg.) Oldhami, Baker ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. L, clothed at the base
with long dense linear-subulate bright-brown scales, and throughout with small
adpressed scales; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., deltoid ; lower pinne much
the largest ; pinn/. of the lower side 2-3 in. 1., with distinct lanceolate deeply-

. pinnatifid segm. ; largest ult. lobes 1 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; tezture herbaceous ; rachis
densely furfuraceous like the stem; under side rather glossy ; sori very dense
and numerous, close to the midrib.

Hab. Formosa, Oldham.

42. P. (Pheg.) alpestre. Hoppe ; sf. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., scaly below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-8 in. br., cbiong-lanceulate ; pinne lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1, 1-12 in. br. ; pinni.
lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, with toothed lobes; ¢ezture herbaceous; rachises
and both sides nearly naked ; ccinlets pinnate in the lobes ; sori small, 1-4 to each
lobe.—Brit. F. t.6.—8, P. flexile, Moore; habit more flaccid; pinni. oblong,
poe fewer lobes and a broad uncut centre.—Hé. Sp. 4. p. 251. Pseudathyrium,

ewm.

Hab. Lapland and Scotland to the Pyrenees, Alps, and Central Russia ; Sitka, Oregon,
California.—Habit of Athyrium filizjemina, which see.

43. P. (Pheg.) Bojert, Hk.; st. firm, erect, polished, stramineous ; /r. 2 ft. or
more I., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinne@ the largest, 6-10 in. 1., 2 in. or more br.,
lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, 3-3 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below
into close entire blunt lobes; ¢ezture herbaceous; rachis and under surface
slightly eer ; veinlets of the lobes simple ; sori small, copious.—P. sessili-
folium, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 251. Aspidium cruciatum, Willd., oldest name.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

#2222 Fronds ample, decompound. Sp. 44-55.

44. P. (Pheg.) crinale, H. & A.; st. tufted, stout, densely clothed with
squarrose fibrillose scales; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br.; pinne ovate-lan-
ceolate or subdeltoid ; pinné/. lanceolate, blunt, 14-2 in. 1., with rounded blunt
lobes 13-2 lin. br., the lower ones reaching down to the midrib; texture
coriaceous ; rachises densely fibrillose; both swfaces naked; ultimate veinlets
forked ; sori (in our specimens) 1 to each lobe near the upper edge.—HE. Sp. 4.
p- 266.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

45. P. (Pheg.) asperulum, J. Sm. ; st. firm, terete, brownish, pubescent ; fr.
13-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br.; lower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. 5 pinnl. lan-
ceolate, $ in. br., unequal-sided, cut down to the rachis below imto oblong-
pinnatifid unequal-sided segm.; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
villose ; veindets immersed ; soré copious, one to each ult. lobe.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 257.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 63.

46. P. (Pheg.) aquilinum, Thonars ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout,
erect, brown, pubescent, densely scaly at the base; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 im. br. ;
pinne much imbricated, the lowest 6-9 in. L, 45 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, with linear-oblong, entire or sinuato-pinnatifid segm. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and under side villose ; veins immersed ; sori minute, copious,
the margins recurved.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 270.

Hab. Tristan d’Acunha.—General habit of Pteris aquilina, and all the aspect of a
plant grown in a very exposed situation.

47. P. (Pheg.) Hillebrandi, Hk ; st. 2 ft. or more I., stout, clothed below

312 48, POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

with deciduous fibrillose scales; fr. 3-4 ft. or more l., 2-8 ft. br. ; lower pinnae:
12-18 in. 1, with the pinni. of the lower side the largest, sometimes again
compound, with lanceolate deeply. pinnatifid segm. 8-4 in. 1L, 2 in. br.; ult.
entire lobes } in. br., blunt; éeature papyraceo-herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
under surface sprinkled over with pellucid glands ; veilets of the lobes 6-8 on a
side, mostly forked ; sori large, submarginal.— Hs. Sp. 4. p. 254.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Hillebrand, 42.—Most like N. latifrons in general habit.

48. P. (Pheg.) punctatum, Thunb. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, villose; sé.
scattered, 1-2 ft. 1, firm, erect, stramineous, polished, naked or hairy, and
viscid ; 7r. 1-4 ft. 1., 6-24 in. br.; lower pinnae sometimes 1-2 ft. 1., deltoid ;
pinnl, and segm. close, lanceolate; wilt. lobes oblong, crenate or pinnatifid, with
the edge often more or less reflexed ; teatwre herbaceous; rachises naked or
viscid ; wader side slightly hairy ; sori copious, marginal.—6, P. rugulosum,
Labill. ; 77. less compound and more coriaceous ; rachis deep purplish-brown and
densely viscid.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 272. 2

Hab. Columbia to Chili, Sandwich Isles, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Australia,
Japan, Philippines, Malaccas; N. India to Ceylon, Bourbon, Tristan d’Acunha, St. Helena,
—Very closely.related to Euhypolepis, see page 130. Mettenius regards our two varieties
as distinct species,

49. P. (Pheg.) prasinum, Baker; st. 2 ft. or more I., densely clothed below
with long, squarrose, linear-subulate scales, naked and glossy upwards; /r. 5-G
ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lower pinne often 1 ft. L, 4-6 in. br. ; péinni. distinct,
lanceolate, cut halfway down to the rachis into close blunt lobes; texture
herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis slightly scaly, both sides naked ; veinlets
about 4 on a side in the lobes ; sové close to the midrib,—P. punctatum, Spruce.
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 262. (non Thunb.). :

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador.

50. P. (Pheg.) sandvicense, Hk. & Arn. ; st. 2 ft. 1., stout, glossy, naked ; jr.
38-4 ft. or more |, 2 ft. or more br. ; lowest pimna 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. 3 pinnl.
lanceolate, spreading, 3-4 in. L., 14 in. br.; segm. with a space between them,
ovate-lanceolate, truncate on the lower side, deeply pinnatifid, with erecto-patent
linear-oblong entire or toothed lobes; rachis glossy, castaneous; both sides
naked ; veindets forked ; sord usually 1 near the base of each lobe.—Hz&, Sp. 4.
p. 267. .

Hab. Sandwich and Society Isles—The New Hebridean P. aneitense, Hk. Sp. 4.
p: 268, is apparently the same species.

51. P. (Pheg.) connexum, Kaulf.; st. 3-4 ft. 1., firm, naked; fr. deltoid,
tripinnatifid, 3-4 ft. or more 1, 2 ft. or more br.; lower pinne lanceolate-
deltoid, 8-12 in. 1. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1, 2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
oblong, entire or slightly crenate lobes 3 in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; veindets of the lobes 5-6 on a side, the lower ones often forked ;
sori medial. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 261.

Hab. Brazil.

52. P. (Pheg.) splendidum, Kaulf, ; trunk subarborescent ; sé. 2 ft. or more l.,
strong, glabrous, angular ; fr. 4-6 ft. or more l., 2-3 ft. br.; lower pinne 12-18
in. L, 6-8 in. br., with distinct lanceolate pinn. with close, blunt, entire lobes
a in. br.; feature herbaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath slightly -villose ; veinlets
of the lobes simple, often obscure.—p, P. macropterum, Kaulf.; pinne lan-
eeolate, 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., with entire oblong-falcate lobes }-8 in. br., reaching
down three-quarters of the way to the midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 258.

Hab, Brazil, frequent, Seems only a less compound variety of the last.

48. roLypopium, §§ CYRTOMIPHLEBIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS. 313

53. P. (Pheg.) Vogelii, Hk.; st. 14-2 ft. 1., naked, substramineous, with long
linear scales at the base ; 7. ample, probably 4 ft. or more l., 2 ft. br. ; lowest
pinne | ft. 1., the pinnl. of the lower side much the largest, and the lowest larger
than the others, which are lanceolate, 4-5 in. l., 14 in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into oblong toothed lobes 3-4 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
naked ; under side only slightly hairy on the main veins; veinlets of the lobes
forked ; sort medial.—A&. Sp. 4. p. 721. (in part).

Hab. Fernando Po, Vogel.—This comes near P. connexum, but the sori are larger, and
the texture is thicker. The Cape Verde plant is a large form of N. Filix-mas. Gymno-
gramma gubsimilis, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 142. t. 298, is apparently this species, with the sori
not fully developed.

54. P. (Pheg.) nigritianum, Baker ; st. 13-2 ft. 1, naked, or upwards sub-
villose ; fr. 3-4 ft. L, 2 ft. or more br.; lower pinne 1 ft. 1., the pinn/. of the
lower side lanceolate, 4-8 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into
distinct oblong unequal-sided segm. with deep close entire lobes ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachises of the pinnl. densely villose and under side less so; veinlets
pinnate in the lower lobes ; sor? submarginal.

Hab. Gathered by Barter in the Niger Expedition, and by Mann at Fernando Po.

55. P. (Pheg.) Keraudrenianum, Gaud.; st. } in. thick or more, stramineous
or brownish, polished ; fr. 12-15 ft. 1., subscandent; pinne distant, the lower
ones 1-3 ft. }., 6-15 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, often deflexed, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into lanceolate or linear-oblong entire or pinnatifid segm. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises stramineous; both sides naked or the under one
villose ; veinlets pellucid, forked ; sori submarginal.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 268.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Java.—P. procerum, Brack., is evidently a form of this, which
varies much in cutting, and resembles P. distans on a large scale.

§§ Cyrtomiphlebium. Venation of Cyrtomium, i. e., with the contiguous groups
uniting irregularly. Tas. 48. Fig. f. Sp. 56.

56. P. (Cyrt.) dubium, Hk.; st. tufted, 12-18 in. ]., densely clothed at the
base with large firm scales, and upwards with smaller ones; fr. 2-3 ft. |., 6-12
in. br. ; lower pinne 3-6 in. 1., #14 in. br., unequal-sided, the apex acuminate,
the edge finely toothed, the inner edge on the upper side nearly parallel with the
stem, on the lower side oblique ; tezture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly
naked ; sori copious, roundish or oblong.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 15.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru.—Exceedingly like some of the forms of Aspidium
falcatum in habit and texture. The bipinnatifid plant placed here in “Species Filicum”
appears to be a form of P. platyphyllum, with slightly anastomosing venation. It is
Phegopteris dictyophylla, Mett.

§§§ Goniopteris, Presl. Venation of Eunephrodium, i.c., veins pinnate, with
the lower veinlets of contiguous groups joining. Sp. 57-80. Tan. 48. f. e.

* Pinne entire or the edge slightly crenate. Sp. 57-64.

57. P. (Goniopt.) simplicifolium, Hk.; st. tufted, strong, 2-4 in. 1, villose
upwards ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., with a lanceolate-acuminate entire apex 1-14 in. br.,
and at the base 1-6 small blunt spreading entire distinct pinne ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; midrib beneath hispid, and the prominent veins slightly so ; main
veins 2 lin. apart, all the veinlets joining; sori minute.—H&. Sp. 6. p. 2.
Nephrodium, Hk. 2nd Cent. t.19. Abacopteris, Fe. :

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 315 ; Fiji, Seemann, 736.
58. P. (Goniopt.) debile, Baker; st. slender, slightly hairy ; fr. 6-12 in. L,
2R

314 48, PoLyPopiuM, §§$§ GONIOPTERIS.

2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnw close, the central ones 1-1} in. 1, } in. br.,
the point bluntish, the edge slightly crenate, the base truncate, with a distinct
broad blunt auricle on the upper side, the lower ones gradually reduced ; teature
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachzs villose and under side slightly so ; vedndets 2-3 on
aside; sod small, medial.— Phegop. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 228,

Hab. Amboyna, Zippelius.

59. P. (Goniopt.) borneense, Hk.; st. 6 in. 1., naked, slender, stramineous ;
/r. 6-8 in. 1, 8 in. br., with an acuminate terminal pinna 1 in. br., with shallow
blunt lobes and 4 smaller pinnss on each side 14 in. 1., 2 in. br., truncate at the
base and auricled on the upper side; testure subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
mae naked ; veinlets fine, 4-5 on a side; soré small, in two rows.—Hk&. Sp. 5.
p11.

Hab. Borneo, 1. Lobb. \

60. P. (Goniopt.) diversifolium, Swz.3 st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, slender, naked ;
jr. 1-2 ft. 1, 6-9 in. br.; pinne 3-5 in. L, 21 in. br. the apex acuminate, the
lower ones narrowed at the base, the edge nearly entire ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veins fine, close, about 4 veinlets on a side, the
rows of sort contiguous.—P. fraxinifolium, Jacq. H&. Sp. 5. p. 4.

Hab. 8. Brazil, Caraccas, Ecuador.

61. P. (Goniopt.) rubidum, Hk. ; sé. firm, erect, glossy, naked, reddish-
brown ; fr. 12-18 in. L,” 1 ft. or more br.; pinne numerous, the lowest stalked,
6-8 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge nearly entire ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets obscure, 8-10 on a side ; sorz
close to the main veins.— HA. Sp. 5. p. 12.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 145.—Professor De Vriese sends from Borneo a more
coriaceous plant that. may be distinct.

62. P. (Goniopt.) pecilophlebium, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, slender, naked ;
jr. about 1 ft. 1., nearly as broad, with a terminal pinna and 2-8 lateral ones on
each side, which are 6-8 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both
ends, slightly crenate, especially towards the point; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; maz veins 2 lin. apart ; vednlets fine, very oblique,
4-5 on aside; sori minute, medial. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 14.

Hab. N. E. Australia and Queensland.

63. P. (Goniopt.) menisctoides, Liebm.; sf. 1-2 ft. 1, strong, erect, quite
naked ; /r. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-24 in. br., with a terminal pinna and 6-12 lateral ones
on each side, the lowest stalked, 1 ft. 1., 14 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
nearly entire ; tevture rigid ; rachés and both sides quite naked ; vems prominent,
the main ones 3 in. apart ; veinlets 15-20 on a side ; sord in single or double rows
between them.

Hab. Mexico.—Most like P. lineatum in texture, but less distinctly toothed.

** Pinne pinnatifid or distinctly crenate. Sp. 64-80.

64. P. (Goniopt.) wrophyllum, Wall. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 2 ft. or more L,
stout, erect; jr. 2-4 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br., with a terminal pinna and
usually several on each side, which are sometimes 1 ft. 1. and more than 2 in.
br., the edge entire or very slightly lobed, the apex acuminate, the base truncate

48. POLYPoDIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS. 315

or narrowed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins promi-
nent, the veinlets 15-20 on a side, with the sori in two close rows, or sometimes
one row only.— Hk, Sp. 5. p. 9. P. Kennedyi, #. Muell.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Chusan, Aneiteum, and Queensland.—Fé: his
three East-Indian species, G. repanda, crenato-dentata, and Dalhousiana, which we Lave
not seen. This resembles on the one hand Nephrodium glandulosum, and on the other
Meniscium cuspidatum, and is very doubtfully distinct from the latter.

G5. P. (Goniopt.) rubrinerve, Baker ; st. and rachises naked, rubro-stramineous ;
Jr. 2-3 ft. 1, oblong-deltoid, simply pinnate; pinne ligulate-acuminate, crenate,
lower stalked, deltoid at the base, more cut away on the lower side, 1 ft. or
more l., 2 in. br., upper sessile, free ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces dark-green,
naked ; midribs reddish; main veins distinct, 2-24 lin. apart; veinlets 15-20-
jugate ; sor remote from main veins. Phegopteris, Met. Linn. 36. p. 116.

Hab. Aneiteum and Viti, Macgillivray and Milne.—Scarcely more than a variety of
urophyllum. :

66. P. (Goniopt.) crenatum, Swz. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, naked or pubescent; /r.
1-2 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pznna 6-8 in. 1.,
14-2 in. br., the edge nearly entire or a little bluntly lobed, and 2-4 opposite
pairs of similar lateral ones ; ¢ezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins fine, the main
veins 1}-2 lin. apart, and veinlets 6-9 on a side ; rachis and under side naked or
finely villose ; sori in rows near the main veins.—HZ. Sp. 5. p. 2.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil_—@. Rivoirei, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 18,
appears to belong here.

67. P. (Goniopt.) Gheisbreghtti, Linden; st. 1 ft. or more l., firm, erect,
densely villose; fr. 12-18 in. l., with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in. br.,
the edge slightly lobed, and 3-6 similar ones on each side ; texture papyraceous ;
vachises and under surface densely villose, the upper surface slightly so;
veinlets about 12 on a side; the sori in dense rows close to the main vein.—P.
crenatum, H&. Fil. Ex. t. 84 (not Sw.). Goniopt. mollis, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 24.

Hab. Tabasco, S. Mexico, Linden, 1499.

68. P. (Goniopt.) faucium, Liebm.; st. 1 ft. or more L., firm, erect, naked; /r.
12-18 in. L., 1 ft. or more br., with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 6-8 in. 1.,
14 in. br., pinnatifid about one-third of the way down, and several similar but
narrower and less deeply lobed ones on each side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
under surface naked ; veins prominent, 9-12 on a side ; sorz in rows close to the
main vein,

Hab, Mexico.

69. P. (Goniopt.) proliferim, Presl; rhizome stout, creeping; st. spreading,
naked, 2-8 in. L.; fr. 1-2 ft. 1. or more, 6-12 in. br., erect or decumbent, often
elongated and rooting at the point and branched copiously from the axils ;
pinne 4-6 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., broadest at the base, truncate or cordate, the edge
bluntly lobed more than J lin. deep, the point often blunt ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side naked or slightly pubescent ; veznlets fine, 6-10 on a side 3.
sori medial, oval, sometimes confiuent.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 18. Ampelopteris, Kze.

Hab. N. India to S. China, Philippines, New Caledonia, N. Australia, Angola,
Mauritius, Zambesi-land, and South Africa,

he

70. P. (Goniopt.) tomentosum, Bory ; st. erect, rather slender, densely villose ;
fr. about 1 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br.; lowest pinne the largest, distinctly stalked, 3-4 in.
L., §-2 in. br., the edge nearly entire or with slight blunt lobes, the base truncate ;

316 48. PoLYPODIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS.

texture herbaceous, rather thick ; rachis and both sides clothed with soft brown
hairs ; veins fine ; veinlets 8-4 on each side, immersed ; sori small, scattered.—
P. arthrothrix, %. Sp. 5. p. 14.

Hab. Madagascar, Bojer, Lyall.

71. P. (Goniopt.) Lneatum, Coleb.; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, naked, reddish ; fr.
2-8 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br. ; pimne numerous, 6-8 in. l., 4-3 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge with acute falcate lobes under 1 lin. deep; teature sup-
coriaceous or papyracco-herbaceous ; veinlets about 8 on a side; sor? in rows
close to the main veins.—H&. Sp. 5. p.12, P. Penangianum, Hé. Sp. 5. p. 13.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas. Seems not distinct from the next.

72. P. (Goniopt.) multélineatum, Wall. ; st. firm, erect, naked, 2 ft. or more 1. ;
jr. 8-4 ft. L, 14-2 ft. br. ; pinnae: numerous, sometimes 1 ft. 1., 17 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge with faleate acute lobes reaching about 1 lin. deep ; teature
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets prominent, 15-20 on a side ;
sori in two rows.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 11.

Hab. N, India, wp to 3,000 ft. ; and we have what is probably the same from Fiji,
gathered by Dr. Seemann.

73. P. (Goniopt.) straminewm, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., angular, stramineous, naked ;
jr. 12-15 in. 1., 8-10 in. br.; lower pinne 1 in. apart, 6-8 in. 1. ? in. br.,
acuminate, the edge with broad blunt lobes reaching about a quafter down ;
texture subcoriaceous; stramineous rachis and both sides naked; veéms in
pinnated groups of 5-6 on a side, usually joining before they reach the edge ;
sori near the midrib.—P. salicifolium, Hk, Sp. 4. p. 242. (non Willd.).

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 474.

74. P. (Goniopt.) reptans, Swz. ; st. tufted, slender, wiry, naked, 1-8 in. L ;
Jr. spreading, or often decumbent and rooting, 4-12 in. lL, 1-3 in. br. ; pinnae
4-14 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., blunt, varying from nearly entire to bluntly lobed
one-third down, often auricled at the base, the lower ones stalked; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side naked or slightly hairy ;
veins in pinnate groups, 2-4 veinlets on a side.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 6. :

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Brazil.—A very variable plant. In seedlings the
veins are often simple or once forked, and quite free, P. reptans of authors is the loose
straggling, and P. asplenioides the more erect larger form. VP. asterothrix, Hk., is pro-
bably another form, with broad deeply-lobed pinne and 4-6 veinlets on a side, anda
more villose rachis ; and G. gracilis, Moore, apparently also belongs here.

75. P. (Goniopt.) costatum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, brownish, glossy ;
fr. 8-4 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br. ; pinne very numerous, 8-10 in, l., 14-14 in. br.,
cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into nearly entire bluntish lobes
14-2 lin. br., with a space between them; testwre subcoriaceous ; rachis and

both sides naked ; veinlets prominent, 20-25 on a side; sori close to the main
vein.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 7.

Hab. Society Isles and Fiji—G@. longissima, Brack., Hk. 1. ., from Tahiti, is probably
a larger form of the same plant ; but in our specimens from the author, which have pinne
18 in. L., the rachis is muricated.

. 76. P. (Goniopt.) oppositifolium, Hk. ; st. 2-24 ft. 1., erect, pubescent upwards ;
fr. 3-5 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br. 3 pimne opposite, 6-9 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., gradually

narrowed from the base to the acuminate apex, the edge cut into rather sharp
falcate lobes 2 lin. br., 13 lin, deep, lower pinnee reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ;

\

48, PoLYPopIuM, §§§§ DICTYOPTERIS. 317

rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; main veins 2 lin, apart ; veinlets raised, 6-7
on a side; soré small, medial.—A&. Sp. 5. p. 8.

Hab, Island of St. Thomas, W. Africa, Mann.

77. P. (Goniopt.) stegnogrammoides, Baker ; caud. subarborescent ; st. 14-2 ft. 1.,
firm, erect, pubescent upwards ; /r. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br.; pinne 6-9 in. 1.,
14 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge bluntly lobed about a quarter of the way
down ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and veins. beneath a little hairy ; veinlets
prominent, 8-9 on a side; sord in rows near the midrib.—P. sandvicense, Ak.
Sp. 5. p. 5. (not Sp. 4. p. 267). Stegnogramma, Brack.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

78. P. (Goniopt.) pennigerum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., glabrous, slightly
scaly; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br.; pinne 4-6 in. 1, $1 in. br, cut about
halfway down into blunt, falcate, slightly crenated lobes about 2 lin. br. ; lower
pinne gradually reduced; texture firm-herbaceous; rachis and both sides
naked ; veinlets 6-8 on a side; sori in rows near the midrib.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 7.
G. Forsteri, Moore.

Hab. New Zealand.—Very near P. tetragonwm, from which it differs principally by
the lower pinnz being gradually reduced.

79. P. (Goniopt.) unitum, Hk. ; st. 1-14 ft. 1, slender, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br. ; pinn@ 4-6 in. 1., #4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge bluntly
lobed about a quarter of the way down, the base truncate; fextwre firm-
herbaceous’; rachis and both sides naked ; veindets 5-6 on a side; sori close to
the main veins.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 5.

Hab. Natal, Cameroon Mountains.—Barely, if at all, distinguishable from some of
the forms of P. tetragonum.

80. P. (Goniopt.) tetragonum, Sw.; st. erect, 1-2 ft. 1., naked or slightly
villose ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. 3 pémm@ numerous, spreading, 6-8 in. 1.,
4-1 in. br., the lowest narrowed at the base and sometimes stalked, cut from a
quarter to halfway.down into blunt lobes; ¢eture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
and under side naked or slightly hairy ; veenlets 6-10 on a side; sord in rows
near the midrib.—f, P. megalodus, Schk. ; pinne 1} in. br., lobes } in. br., sub-
falcate ; veinlets 12-15 on a side.— Zé. Sp. 5. p. 3.

Hab. Cuba and Panama, southward to Brazil and Peru.—Judging from the figures
quoted, this is P. androgynum of Poiret ; and if so, that name has priority. It varies
greatly in the breadth of the pinne and depth of the lobes. A full account of the forms
will be found in Fée’s Ferns of the Antilles; and our a apparently includes his tenera,
leptocladia, pyramidata, Féei, tetragona (five varieties), quadrangularis, guadalupensis,
and hastata. Our @ is placed by Mettenius in his latest publication in Aspidiwm.

§§§§ Dictyopteris, Presi. Venation of Sagenia, i.e, veins anastomosing
copiously. Tas. 48.f.0. Sp. 81-90.

* Sori biserial. Sp. 81-86.

81. P. (Dicty.) Barberi, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., slightly scaly at the
base; jr. pafmately 5-lobed or more usually pinnate, with a large terminal
segment and 1-4 pairs of pinne, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. L.,
1 in. br., nearly entire, the lowest pair with a deep lanceolate lobe at the base on
the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areol@ rather Jarge and
regular, with copious free veinlets ; sori copious, principally in two rows near
the main veins.—/Z&. Sp. 5. p. 100.

Hab, Malay Peninsula and Isles,

318 48. poLypoprium, §§$§§ DICTYOPTERIS,

82. P. (Dicty.) megalocarpum, Hk.; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., the upper
part deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate pinnatifid lobes, below this 6 pairs of
distinct pinnae, the lowest 6-9 in. 1, 8 in. br, with entire blunt oblong lobes
zin. br., reaching more than halfway down ; teature subcoriaceous; under surface
glossy ; areolw copious, without free veinlets; sord large, in two distinct rows.—
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 102.

Hab. Java, 7. Lobb.—This has a good deal the general habit of difforme, but the
ultimate lobes are longer and narrower, and the sori very different,

83. P. (Dicty.) ferrugineum, Baker ; st. 14 ft. 1, clothed densely below, and
less so above, with ferruginous down and large lanceolate ferruginous scales ;
Jr. 12-15 in. 1., 8 in. br., the lowest pinnw much the largest, deltoid, with distinct
lanceolate pinni., those of the lower side cut down to the rachis into oblong
sinuated or pinnatifid lobes ; ¢extwre thinly herbaceous ; under surface sprinkled
with ferruginous hairs; areole confined to a single costal series without free
veinlets ; sord biserial—Phegop. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 224.

Hab. New Guinea, Zippelius,

84, P. (Dicty.) tenerifrons, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, fragile; st. very slender,
8-12 in. 1. ; /r. 6-12 in. each way, deltoid, the upper part pinnatifid, below this
1-3 distinct pimne, the lowest much the largest, deltoid, the lowest side produced
with deeply pinnatifid lanceolate lobes 2-3 in. 1.; teature very thin, colour
bright-green ; areole copious, without free veinlets ; sori in rows near the main
veins.— Ak. Sp. 5. p. 104,

Hab. Moulmein, Parish, 92.

85. P. (Dicty.) macrodon, Reinw.; rhizome decumbent ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
slightly scaly below; /r. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid,
below this numerous lanceolate pinne, the lowest sometimes 1 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
cut down to a narrow wing on the rachis into pinnatifid, close, lanceolate pinnl. ;
texture thin ; both sides naked; areole copious, without free veinlets ; sor¢ small,
in rows near the main veins.—P. Cumingianum, /7&. Sp. 5. p. 103.

Hab. Philippines, Malaccas, Solomon Isles, Fiji.

86. P. (Dicty.) Cameroonianum, Hk. ; st. 4 ft.1., glossy ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, 2 ft. br.,
the upper part pinnatifid, with deep lanceolate lobes ; lower pinne deltoid, more
than 1 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br., cut down below nearly to the rachis into pinnatifid
lanceolate lobes ; zexture herbaceous, both sides naked ; areole copious, with free
veinlets ; sord in rows near the main veins.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 104.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, Mann, 1362.—It is by no means clear that this and the
two preceding are distinct from one another, and from Neph. cicutariwn.

** Sori copious, scattered irregularly. Sp. 87-90.

87. P. (Dicty.) Brongniartiz, Bory ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br. the apex
pinnatifid, with deep, lanceolate, repand lobes; below this numerous distinct
pinne, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., lanceolate, cut three-quarters of the way down
throughout into aeute, subentire, lanceolate lobes $-14 in. 1., $-2 in. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; areolw copious, with a few free veinlets; sor¢ rather small and
quite confined to the margin of the lobes.— H&. Sp. 5. p. 103.

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines.—Habit of P. diforme, but well distinguished by its
marginal sori.

88. P. (Dicty.) diforme, Blume ; st. tufted, erect, 1 ft. or more 1., the lower
part scaly ; fr. 3-4 ft. L., the upper pinne: lanceolate, entire, or with broad blunt
or falcate lobes reaching halfway or more down to the rachis, the lower ones

48, PoLypopIuM, §§§§$ EUPOLYPODIUM. 319

often deltoid, with the lobes of the lower side prolonged, several inches long, and
pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areola copious, with a few
ree soualels 3 sort scattered, very copious.—P. irregulare, Presi. Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 101,

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles.—P. petrophyum, Blume, is said to differ by its longer
ultimate lobes and copious free veinlets,

89. P. (Dicty.) sparsiflorum, Hk. ; rhizome thick, knotted ; st. 18 in. 1, scaly
towards the base; /r. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br.; pinnae distant, 7-8 in. L.,
13-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge slightly repand, the base narrowed,
the lower ones stalked ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; no distinct main
veins ; areole rather large, without free veinlets; sori small, scattered irre-
gularly.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 92.

Hab. Sierra de Crystal and Old Calabar, West Tropical Africa, Mann.

90. P. (Dicty.) draconopterum, Wk.; rhizome woody, the scales lanceolate,
dull-brown ; st, 2-8 ft. L, firm, erect, scaly below ; ,/r. 8-4 ft. L, 2 ft. or more br.,
with a large oblong-acuminate terminal lobe, and several lateral ones on each
side, which do not reach down to the rachis, the lowest sometimes 13 ft. 1, 4 in.
br., and forked ; teatwre papyraceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to
the edge, connected by distinct transverse veinlets with copious areola with free
ee between ; sor minute, copious, scattered, often confluent.—Hé&. Sp. 5.
p. 86. .

Hab. New Granada to Ecuador.

*** Hremobryoid series. Stems articulated at the point of junction with the
rhizome, and sori generally, but not always, terminal on the veins. Polypodium,
Met. Sp. 91-389.

§§§§§ Eupolypodium. Veins free. Sp. 91-224. Tan. 48. Fig. a, b.
* Fronds entire. Sp. 91-111.
t+ Sori round. Sp. 91-103.

91. P. Sprucet, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, clothed with soft spreading hairs ;
7r. 1 in, 1., 1-13 lin. br., blunt, narrowed gradually downwards, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides rather densely clothed with long soft hairs;
veins simple ; sori few, round.—Hh. Sp. 4. p. 172. 2nd Cent. t. 10.

Hab. E. Peru, Spruce, 4746.

92. P. parasiticum, Mett.; fr. tufted, subsessile, 2-3 in. ]., 14-2 lin. br.,
narrowed very gradually below, the point bluntish, the edge entire or slightly
undulated ; texture coriaceous ; both sides when young rather thickly clothed
with long soft hairs; veins immersed, forked; soré roundish, in two rows,
ultimately confluent.—Z&. Sp. 4. p. 167.

Hab. Neilgherries and Ceylon.—Probably this is the Javan P. pilosiusculum, Hk.
(Gramivitis, Blume) ; and @. adspersa, Blume, which we have not seen, is apparently very
near it.

93. P. Hookeri, Brack. ; st. tufted, 1 in. or less 1., clothed with soft spreading
hairs ; fr. 3-5in. 1., }-in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge entire, the
lower part narrowed gradually ; teature subcoriaceous ; both sides thinly clothed
with soft hairs; veins simple or forked ; sord round, in long rows close to the
midrib.— Hh. Sp.4.p.171. P. setigerum, Hk. § Arn. (non Blume).

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Fiji, Queensland, Philippines.—The Bourbon P. Beawmontii,
Leperv., is evidently the same. An authentic example of P. conforme, Brack., does not

320 48. poLypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

differ essentially. P. subspathulatum, Brack., from the Society Isles, is said to have
putially-immersed sori placed as near the edge as the midrib, and small subspathulate
sterile fronds,

94. P. pseudo-grammitis, Gaud. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., about
1 lin. br., the point bluntish, the lower part tapering gradually into the short
stem, the edge slightly undulated ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins.simple, immersed ; sort large, subglobose, scattered, close to the midrib, but
often projecting over the edge.—zé, Sp. 4. p. 165. ;

* Hab. Sandwich Islands.

95. P. ligulatum, Baker ; st. short, slender, naked, tufted ; fr. 5-6 in. 1., $ in.
br., ligulate, narrowed gradually towards both ends, the edge very slightly
repand; texture subcoriaceous; both sides naked; veins forked; soré round,
distant, close to the midrib.

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge—Like the preceding, but the texture thinner, the veins
forked, and sori a space from the margin.

96. P. subevenosum, Baker ; st. tufted, very short, black, wiry; 77. 8-4 in. 1.,
4 in. br., ligulate, the point bluntish, the lower part narrowed very gradually,
the edge slightly repand ; ¢evture subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green, the rachis
black, slightly furfuraceous below ; veins simple, very short and indistinct ; soré
round, tending slightly towards oblong, in a long row on each side close to the
midrib. .

Hab. Penang, Mactier.—Like the last in general habit, but quite different in the
veins.

97. P. jungermannioides, Klotzsch ; st. densely tufted, short, slender, ebeneous ;
jr. 2-8 in. 1., 14-2 lin. br., ligulate, the point blunt, the lower part narrowed
gradually and the edge slightly repand ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides thinly
clothed with soft spreading hairs; veins forked; sori round, distant from one
another in a line close to the midrib. H&. Sp. 4. p. 166.

Hab. Guatemala to Peru and Chili.

98. P. hirtellum, Bl.; rhizome short-creeping, scaly ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br.,
the point bluntish, the edge entire, the lower part tapering gradually into the
short stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces thinly clothed with long, soft,
brown hairs; veins hidden; soré in two close rows nearer the midrib than the
edge.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 166.

Hab. Java and Ceylon.—P. lastosorum, Hk., is probably a form of the same plant,
with a smaller frond and longer stem.

99. P. hirtum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with soft spreading
hairs; fr. 4-5 in. 1, $-8 in. br., narrowed gradually downwards, the point
bluntish, the edge entire ; tevture subcoriaceous, the surface, especially the edge
and midrib, ciliated like the stem ; veins with one short fork near the base; soré
round, in long rows close to the midrib—Z&. Sp. 4. p. 170. ¢. 278. A. P, Rein-
wardtii, Mett.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 222; Java, Zollinger, 1791 ; Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.—
P. adspersum, Blume, judging from the figure, is like this, but quite naked,

100. P. setigerum, Blume; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1, densely clothed with
long soft spreading ferruginous hairs; /r, 8-12 in. 1., §-# in. br., the point acute,
the lower part narrowed rather suddenly, the edge entire ; ¢extwe subcoriaceous ;
both sides thinly clothed with long soft hairs like the stem; veins pinnate; sori
round, in long rows close to the midrib,—H&. Sp. 4, p. 171. 2nd Cent. t. 4i,

Hab, Java,

48. PoLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 321

101. P. zeylanicum, Mett.; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, clothed with broad .
. grey scales; sf. 1 in. or more l., clothed with soft spreading hairs; fr. 8-12 in.
L, Ye in, br., the point acuminate, the base narrowed very gradually, the edge
slightly undulated ; tewtwre coriaceous, both sides naked ; veins forked, oblique ;
sort round, in long rows midway between the midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 169. ¢. 272. B,

Hab. Ceylon,

102. P. samoense, Baker ; st. tufted, 1 in. or less 1., slender, brown, clothed
with soft spreading brown hairs ; /r. 3-6 in. 1, 2-3 lin. br., the point bluntish,
the edge nearly entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; the rachis green, the surfaces very nearly naked ; veins once
or even twice forked; the sord small and sometimes on the point of both
veinlets, forming an irregular wavy line near the edge.

Hab. Samoa, Powell, 111.

103. P. chrysolepis, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed with reddish-
brown squarrose scales4 sf. 1 in. or more apart, 1 in. or more 1, scaly ; fr. 2-3
in. 1., din. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very

- gradually ; teature thick, coriaceous ; Soth surfaces clothed with small, pale,
ovate-acuminate deciduous scales attached by the centre of the disk ; veins
forked ; sori large, round, in rows nearer the midrib than the edge.—H&. Sp. 4.
p.173. Le. Plt. 721.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 37.—Scales like those of Lepicystis.

tt Sort oblong. Sp. 104-111. Grammitis, Auct.

104. P. (Gram.) disulcatum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; 7r. resembling
the stem of a rush, 6-9 in. ]., less than 1 lin. thick, with 5 furrows, of which
the two deepest bear the close prominent oval sor? ; veins invisible —Hk&. Sp.
4. p. 164. 2nd Cent. t. 98. Holcosorus pentagonus, Moore, :

Hab, Borneo ; discovered by Mr. T, Lobb.

105. P. (Gram.) gramineum, Sw.; rhizome short-creeping, scaly; st. sub-
tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1, finely villose; fr. 2-4 in. 1, 4 in. br., ligulate,
narrowed rather suddenly into the stem, the edge entire; texture coriaceous ;
both sides nearly naked; veins oblique, forked; sord oval or oblong, placed
nearly end to end, with a space between them, in two rows, which reach from the
midrib nearly to the edge.— HZ. Sp. 4. p. 165.

Hab. West Indies, Guiana.—The Javan G. cerspitosa, Blume, is said to differ by its
immersed sori and setigerous capsules, and is considered a distinct species by
Mettenius.

106, P. Pervillei, Mett.; rhizome elongated ; basal scales brown, lanceolate ;
fr. distant, ligulate, 1-2 in. 1, 1 lin. br., narrowed to a subsessile base, blunt ;
texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces bright-green ; veins simple, erecto-patent,
falling short of the edge; sori dorsal, oblong, costular, not mixed with para-
physes.—Kuhn, Fil, Afr. p. 150.

Hab. Seychelles, Perville, Wright, Horne, 195.

107. P. (Gram.) marginellum, Sw. ; st. densely tufted 3 fr. 3-6 in. 1., 14-2 lin
br., ligulate, blunt at the point, tapering pridndle nes into “at short
stem ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked or slightly hairy, the frond
margined with a distinct black line ; veins oblique, simple; sori close, copious,
oval or oblong, in rows nearer the midrib than the edge.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 164.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Guiana and Peru ; St. Helena, Cape Verdes.
2s

322 48, potypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

108. P. (Gram.) australe, Mett.; rhizome creeping, forming a dense mass ;
Jr. 1-6 in. 1., 2-6 lin. by., the small ones spathulate, the larger ligulate, bluntish
at'the point, tapering gradually downwards into the short stem ; texture coria-
ceous ; st. and both. sides naked or slightly ciliated, the edge not bordered ; veins
oblique, often forked; soré close, copious, oval or oblong, in rows nearer the
midrib than the edge.— Hd. Sp. 4. p. 167.

Hab. Southern extremity of America and adjacent islands; Tristan d’Acunha, New
Zealand, Australia, as far north as Queensland and New Caledonia,

109. P. en sessilifolium, Hk. ; 7/r. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., 2-3 lin, br., narrowed
gradually below the point, bluntish, the edge entire or slightly undulated ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins forked; sort oblong, placed end
to end in two long rows close to the midrib.—H&. Sp, 4. p. 168, t, 272. A.

Hab. Philippines and Malaya.

110. P. (Gtam.) fasciatum, Mett. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, clothed with
broad grey scales; sf. 1-2 in. L, rigid, deciduously ciliated ; fr. 1 ft. or more L.,
4-8 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both ends, the edge entire ; texture coria-
ceous, the surface naked, midrib very prominent ; veins immersed, forked ; soré
oblong, in two long rows end to end close to the midrib,—H&. Sp. 4. p. 169.

Hab, Malaya.

111. P. (Gram.) Deplanchei, Baker ; rhizome stout, densely coated with stiff
spreading dark-brown fibrillose scales ; /r. sessile, 6-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire or with a few conspicuous blunt teeth
about the middle; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked; veins oblique,
once forked; sori oblong, oblique, immersed, in close rows in the upper half of
the frond near the edge.

«Hab. New Caledonia, Deplanche, 5.
** Fronds lobed or dichotomously forked. Sp. 112-114.

112. P. flabellivenium, Baker ; rhizome wiry, slender, wide-creeping, hardly at
all scaly ; s¢. 1-2 in. ]., wiry, naked, very slender ; fr. 3-2 in. l., nearly as br.,
roundish or broadly oblong, the edge very distinctly thickened, subentire or with
a few shallow rounded lobes; éeeture thick and rigid ; veins flabellate, three or
four times dichotomously forked, distinctly visible when the frond is held up to
the light, sometimes the ultimate forks uniting before they reach the broad
thickened border ; sori distinctly immersed, 1-6 to a frond, all in the upper half,
not far from the edge, on the back of the veins. oe

Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Signor Beccari, communicated’ by Mrs. Lyell_—A very
distinct and interesting novelty ; more like Drymoglosswm rigidum in texture than
anything else.

113. P. multifidum, Bory ; st. tufted, very short, slender, naked; 77. 2-3 in. 1.,
13-2 lin. br., entire or forked, tapering downwards gradually ; texture coria-
ceous ; both stdes naked ; veins immersed, simple, oblique; sori large, roundish,
prominent, close, when mature projecting over the edge.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 174.

Hab. Bourbon and Manritius.—The forking is probably abnormal ; and if so, this
should be placed next to P. parasiticwm, Bojer’s “ Grammitis obtusa, Willd,,” is
evidently the same plant.

114. P. furcatum, Mett. ; st. densely tufted, short, naked ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1 lin.
by., once or twice dichotomously forked, gradually attenuated below, the edge

44

48, potypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 323

entire or subsinuated ; texture subcoriaceous; sori oblong, distant, oblique,
terminal on the principal veins.—Hs. Sp. 4. p. 174. Grammitis, Hh. & Gr.
t. 62.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon valley.
*%* Fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 115-131.
+ Lobes not reaching more than halfway down to the rachis, Sp. 115-118.

115. P. barbatulum, Baker ; st. tufted,-slender, 3-3 in. I., clothed with soft
brown spreading hairs ; fr. 1-13 in. ]., 2 in. br., the edge entire or broadly lobed
to a depth of 4 line; texture subcoriaceous ; doth sides more or less densely
clothed with long soft hairs; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sor? medial, uniserial.—
P. ciliatum, Bojer, Hort. Maur. p. 416. (non Willd.).

Hab. Bourbon. .

116. P. andinum, Hk.; fr. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. ]., 2-2 in. br., regularly
bluntly lobed about a quarter or third of the way down, the point acute or
bluntish, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; both
sides thinly clothed with soft spreading hairs ; veins once forked ; sori large,
round, one to each lobe.-—H&. Sp. 4. p.179. 2nd Cent. t. 6.

oir a of Ecuador and Peru.—May possibly be P. crispatum, L. (Plum. t.
102. B.).

117. P. trichosorum, Hk.; rhizome creeping ; sf. 1-2 in. 1., slender, densely
clothed with soft spreading hairs; /r. 3-4 in. 1., $-g in. br., the point bluntish,
che edge crenato-sinuate to a depth of 1 lin., the lower part narrowed from the
middle ; texture coriaceous ; both sides, and especially the edge, clothed with
hairs, like those of the stem; veins in pinnated groups; sor? in 2-3 rows on
each side.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 178. 2nd Cent. t. 12. .

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 349.

118. P. trifurcatum, L.; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with linear
scales ; sf. close, 3-5 in. 1., more or less villose, often bent ; 77. 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. or
more br., with broad blunt entire lobes reaching from a third to halfway down ;
teature coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; veins in copiously pinnated groups,
with the lower veinlets forked, sometimes anastomosing ; sort copious, prin-
cipally in two rows in each lobe, immersed.—P. comptoniefolium, Desv.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 194, P. scolopendrioides, Hk. & Gr. p. 42.

Hab. West Indies to Peru.u—The Linnean name was founded on a forked form
figured by Plumier.

*#*e® Lobes reaching nearly down to the main rachis. Sp. 119-181.

119. P. serrulatum, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, fibrillose ; st. tufted, short,
slender, naked ; 7r. 3-U in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the upper part, sometimes the whole,
subentire, but more usually pectinato-pinnatifid, with rigid erecto-patent lobes ;
rachis subrigid, flexuose ; texture coriaceous; both sides nearly naked; sort
oblong, confluent.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 174. Xiphopteris, Kaulf. Hk. Gard. F. t. 44.

Hab, West Indies and Mexico to Brazil, Peru,-and Juan Fernandez ; Sandwich Isles,
Madagascar, Mauritius, Guinea Coast.—X. extensa, Fée, is a narrow elongated form ;
X. Jamesont, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 14, a form with a distinct uncut upper part, the lower
two-thirds pectinato-pinnate, and the texture so rigid that the threadlike midrib remains
after the pinne fall ; Grammitis myosuroides, Schk. (P. setoswm, Mett. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 175),
is apparently a form of this pinnatifid throughout ; and P. ? binerve, Hk. Sp. 4. t. 278. B.
one of the curious abnormal conditions of Acrostichwm sorbifolium.

324 48, ponypoprum, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

120. P. subpinnatijidum, Bl.; fr. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. 1, 2 lin. br.
attenuated at the base, cut down nearly to the rachis into lobes, the upper edge
of which is nearly straight and horizontal and the lower very oblique; texture
subcoriaceous ; both sides naked; veins forked, the upper branch bearing a
solitary sorus in each lobe.—Hk. Sp.4.p.177. |

Hab. J: ava, Sandwich Isles.—Very like the next in habit and cutting, but the fertile
lobes quite flat. :

121. P. cucullatwm, Nees. ; st. densely tufted, very short, naked ; 7. 3-5 in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., flaccid, pinnatifid throughout ; dobes linear-oblong, blunt, entire,
$- lin. br., the fertile ones confined to the upper part, broader and with the
edges upcurved so as to clasp the large solitary sorus; texture thick, sub-
coriaceous ; rachis naked or ciliated ; doth sides naked.—Hkh. Sp. 4. p. 176.
Calymmodon, Presi. ‘

Hab, Philippines, Malaya, Ceylon, Simoa, New Caledonia.

122. P. tovarense, Klotzsch; st. densely tufted, very short, wiry, naked; fr.
flaccid, 4-12 in. L, $-4 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into lobes nearly as
broad as deep, which are irregular in shape, the upper edge crenate, cut away
close against the rachis, the lower edge subdimidiate, entire, and very much
decurrent ; texture subcoriaceous; colour pale-green; both sides naked ; main
vein not produced to the point of the pinnee, with usually a short branch below
and a large one above ; soré large, 1-3 in the centre of the lobes.—P. subdimidia-
tum, Baker.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 207; Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 2122; British Guiana,
Appun, 1130.

123. P. organense, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1 in. or more lL. naked ; /r. 6-8 in. 1.,
3-4 lin. br., cut down about halfway to the rachis into close oblong entire blunt
lobes, the lower part narrowed very gradually; ¢eatwre subcoriaceous ; both
surfaces naked ; sori oblong, one at the base of each lobe, ultimately confluent
and forming two long rows close to the midrib—H&. Sp. 4. p. 177. Je. Pl.
t. 509.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 5918.

124, P. leucosorum, Bojer ; rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with dark-
brown fibrillose scales; sf. 4-6 in. ]., rigid, dark-brown, glossy ; fr. 1 ft. or more
1, 14-2 in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis into blunt entire
lanceolate lobes, those of the barren fr. broader and shorter ; ¢eature coriaceous ;
both sides naked; veins obscure, mostly twice forked; sord large, prominent, in
pe eke appearing when young as white chalky dots. — Zh. Sp. 4. p. 198.

G. te Be

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

125. P. villosissimum, Hk. 3 rhizome stout, creeping, densely scaly ; st. sub-
tufted, 2-4 in. 1., clothed with fine soft spreading hairs, sometimes geniculate ;
Jr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-14 in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis into
close entire Jobes 2-3 lin. br., the lower ones reduced ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and under side densely clothed with long soft brown hairs ; veinlets obscure,
Be forked or subpinnate; sori.in two rows near the midrib—2ZZé. Sp. 4.
p. 197.

Hab. Sierra Leone and Fernando Po; gathered by Barter and Mann.

126, P. solidum, Mett.; rhizome stout, the scales lanceolate, bright-ferru-
ginous; st. 1 in. 1, firm, erect, naked; fr. 6-8 in. 1, 2? in. br. cut down
nearly to the rachis into close, distinctly toothed bluntish lobes } in, br. ; teature

¥

48. PoLypopiuM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 325

coriaceous ; both sides quite naked ; veinlets forked ; soré medial.—Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 193. ;

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 165.

127. P. discolor, Hk.; 7”. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., cut down
within a short distance of the rachis into close, blunt, entire, linear-oblong lobes
3-2 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ;. upper surface with small white dots, the lower
clothed with white chalky meal ; veiis obscure ; soré in rows of 8-4 on each side
close to the edge.— Ah. Sp. 4. p. 189. Le. Pl. t. 4. '

Hab. British Guiana, Schomburgk, 1081.

128. P. crassifrons, Baker; rhizome stout, the scales spreading, fibrillose,
dark-brown ; st. tufted, firm, very short, densely clothed with short dark-
brown hairs; fr. 5-6 in. 1, 4 in. br., narrowed very gradually downwards, cut
down nearly to the rachis into close entire blunt lobes 1 lin. br. ; teatwre very
thick ; under surface, especially the midrib, clothed with short brown tomentum ;
veins hidden ; soré in close rows of 6-8 each, close to the edge of the lobes.

Hab, New Caledonia, Deplanche.—The alliance of this is with the preceding.

129. P. subserratum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-5 in. 1., erect, rigid, slender,
nearly black, clothed above with short stout black hairs; fr. 8 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into close blunt entire lobes 3 in. br.; teature
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis black, erect, hispid, like the stem ; both sides
naked ; veins close, black, distinct, once forked; sor¢ not known.—A&. Sp. 4.
p. 202.

Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Mr. Wallace.

130. P. khasyanum, Hk.; st. tufted, very short, fringed with soft hairs; fr.
1 ft. or more l., 14 in. br., flaccid, cut down within a short distance of the rachis
into linear-oblong entire or slightly undulated blunt lobes 2-8 lin. br. ; texture
thick, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides ciliated ; veindets simple; sori sunk,
in rows of 4-6 on each side the midrib. Hh, Sp. 4. p. 191. 2nd Cent. t. 49.

Hab, Khasya and Assam (3-4,000 ft.),

131. P. inwquale, Fée ; st. tufted, very short ; /r. 18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down
within 4 in. of the rachis throughout into linear-oblong bluntish or acute
subentire lobes, those of the lower part 13-2 in. 1., 2 lin. br., the lowest much
reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins nearly all forked ; sorz
nearer the edge than the midrib.—Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 12.

Hab, Guadeloupe and Jamaica.
42eEX Fronds pinnate. Sp. 132-207.

+ Pinne close, dilated and casually confluent at the base. Sp. 182-186.
A. Fronds half an inch or less broad.—Sp. 132-1438,

182. P. moniliforme, Lag. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with dull-
brown linear or lanceolate scales ; st. 1-8 in. l., erect, rigid, slightly villose ; fr.
6-9 in. 1, $ in. br., cut down to the rachis into close entire rounded pinne
$ in. each way ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis black ; both sides naked; veins
hidden ; sori 1-4 to each pinnga.—Hz&. Sp. 4. p. 182. P. subcrenatum, A&. Jc.
t.719. Jamesonia adnata, Kze.

Hab. Along the Andes from Mexico to Peru.—Distinguished in the group by its very
rigid habit, and short broad often decurved pinne. P. hwmile, Mett., appears to bea
variety with the sori nearer the edge than usual.

326 48. potypopium, §$§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM,

133. P. eviguum, Griseb.; st. tufted, thread-like, very short, naked ; jr.
pendulous, 6-24 in. 1., 2 lin. br.; pinne 4-1 lin. 1., 4 lin. br., half-ovate, blunt,
entire or with a single crenation on the upper side, distant, but the base broadly
dilated on both sides; ¢eature subcoriaceous 5 both sides naked ; veins and sori
1 to each pinna, the former forked.—G@riseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 701.

Hab. Jamaica, Purdie.

134. P. trichomanoides, Swz.; st. densely tufted, short, clothed with soft
spreading deciduous haixs; % 3-6 in. 1., 2-4 lin. br., cut down to the rachis into
close linear-oblong blunt pinnw under 1 lin. br. ; rachis wiry, ebeneous ; texture
subcoriaceous, the surfaces naked or slightly clothed with soft hairs; veins and
sori 1 in each pinna, the former forked, the latter near the base.—Hk&. Sp. 4,
p. 178.

Hab, Cuba to Brazil and Ecuador ; Juan Fernandez, Ascension Island, Malacca,
Sikkim.

135. P. flabelliforme, Lam. ; st. tufted, short, fringed with long soft hairs ;
jr. flaccid, 4-12 in. 1, 8-3 in. br., cut down throughout nearly or quite to the
rachis into entire or slightly crenate blunt pinne 1-13 lin. br., which are
decurrent at the base; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked or with a few long soft hairs ; sori large, 1-8 to a pinna, terminal on the
short simple veinlets.—Hé. Sp. 4. p. 187.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. —Distinguished in the group by its flaccid habit, slender black
filiform rachis, and few sori.

136. P. subtile, Kunze; sf. tufted, slender, very short; /r. flaccid, 3-4 in. 1.
2-4 lin. br., ligulate, narrowed gradually towards both ends, cut down to the
rachis throughout into close entire blunt pinnw 3-2 lin. br.; teature papy-
yaceo-herbaceous; rachis black, like both sides thinly clothed with long soft
hairs; soré 8-6 to a pinna, terminating the short veinlets.—Hé. Sp. 4, p. 187.
t. 275. A.

Hab. Venezuela to Peru.—Lobes narrower and closer than in the last, and texture
almost that of a thin Adiant P. subscabrum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 183. t. 274, A. is appa-
rently this ; but it is not the plant of Klotzsch.

137. P. delicatulum, M. & G.; rhizome wide-creeping, slender; sf. tufted,
wiry, 1-2 in. l., densely clothed with long soft hairs ; Th 4-6 in. 1, $ in. br, cut
down to the rachis into close blunt entire pimne 1-1} lin. br., the lower ones
broader and shorter; teatwre subcoriaceous; veindets simple; both sides thinly
clothed with long soft hairs; sor? copious, subimmersed, 6-8 to a pinna.— H&A,
Sp. 4. p. 184.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador.

138. P. peruvianum, Desv.; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; sf. 1-2 in. 1, slender,
erect, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 3-4 in. 1, }-2in. br., cut down to
the rachis into oblong-triangular blunt entire pinne + in. by. 3 texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked; veinlets immersed, simple; sord rather
large, 2-4 to a pinna.—H&, Sp. 4. p, 186. P. anfractuosum, Kze.

Hab. Venezuela and Peru.—This comes very near the next species. P. monticola,
Klotzsch, is probably a reduced form. It is described as cxespitose ; but in our specimen
the rhizome is slender and greatly elongated, with the fronds 2-3 in. distant from one
another.

139. P. parvulum, Bory ; rhizome stout, short-creeping, clothed with linear
scales; fr. 4-6 in. 1, 4 in. br., tapering gradually downwards into a very short

Pad

48, PoLYPoDIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 327

stem, cut down to the rachis into entire erecto-patent pinne 1 lin. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked or deciduously hairy ; veinlets im-
mersed, simple ; sori 2-6 to a pinna, medial.—_ 7A. Sp. 4. p. 184. ¢. 274. B.

Hab. N. India (up to 8,500 ft.), Bourbon, Mauritius, Zambesi-land.—The Javan
plant, P. inconspicwwm, Blume, is said to differ by its firmer texture and costular sori.

140. P. glandulosum, Hk.; st. tufted, very short; jr. 2-4 in. 1, 3-2 in. br.,
cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close, rather deeply-toothed,
decurrent oblong pinnae, the lower ones gradually reduced ; tevtwre papyraceo-
herbaeeous ; colour dull-green ; both sides densely glandular but not hairy ;
veinlets simple ; sori 1-8 to each pinna.—Hz&. Sp. 4. p. 193. ¢. 276, A.

Hab. Ceylon.—Perhaps a form of P. parvulum, with which it agrees in general habit.

141. P. jubeforme, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close, entire, decurrent blunt lobes
1 lin. br. ; ¢eztwre subcoriaceous ; the black threadlike rachis and both sides
naked ; veznlets simple ; sori medial, 2-6 on a side, conspicuously immersed.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 186.

Hab. West Indies and Panama.

142. P. pilosissimum, M. & G.; sf. tufted, 1-2 in. 1. rigid, clothed with soft
spreading hairs; /r. 4-8 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the
rachis into close, blunt, entire lobes 1-14 lin. br., the lower ones growing
gradually shorter and broader ; texture coriaceous ; rachis rigid, ebeneous ; both
sides naked or the lower one pilose; sori in rows of 4-5 on each side of the
midrib of the pinne, distinctly immersed.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 181.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador and South Brazil—The most rigid of the group except
P. moniliforme.

148, P. lasiostipes, Mett.; st. tufted, very short, clothed with short stiff
spreading blackish hairs; fr. 2-4 in. 1, $ in. br., cut down to the rachis into
erecto-patent blunt entire pinne 1 lin. br. ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachis
beneath densely and the surface slightly hispid like the stem ; veindets simple,
4-6 on each side ; sori submarginal.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 76.

Hab. New Caledonia, Viedllard, 1601-2.
B. Fronds more than half an inch broad, flaccid, pendulous. Sp. 144-168.

144, P. cultratum, Willd. ; st. tufted, short, slender, clothed with soft spreading
brown hairs; fr. 6-18 in. 1., $-1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close
horizontal or decurved blunt pinne 14-2 lin. br. ; textwre papyraceo-herbaceous ;
the black threadlike rachis and both sides clothed with hairs like those of the
stem ; veinlets simple, 4-6 on each side ; sor? medial.—6, P. elasticum, Bory,—
smaller, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 190. P. senile, Fée.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Brazil and Peru ; Mauritius, Fernando Po.

145. P. grammitidis, R. Br. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. l., wiry, naked ; fr. 4-12 in. 1.,
2 in. or more br. ; pinnegerecto-patent, sometimes linear, blunt, usually 4-2 in.
br., more or less deeply pinnatifid, the base abruptly decurrent; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veinlets immersed, simple or forked ;
soré oblong, copious, usually 1 to each lobe at the base.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 280.

Hab. New Zealand and Van Diemen’s Land.

146. P. sarmentosum, Brack. ; st. subtufted, 1 in. or less 1.3 fr. 8-6 in. L, 1-2
in. br., the point caudate, cut down nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent blunt

328 48. poLypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

entire or slightly crenated pinne }in. br., dilated at the base, the lower ones
narrowed down gradually to a wing to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked or slightly villose ; veindets oblique, simple or forked ; sort
few, scattered. _H&, Sp. 4. p. 195.

Hab, Sandwich Isles,—Very near the next.

147. P. Adenophorus, Hk. & Arn. ; fr. subsessile, flaccid, pendulous, 6-12
in, 1, £1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into acute slightly
sinuated horizontal or even rather decurved pinne } in. br., which are dilated at
the base, the lower ones shorter and broader ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides nearly naked ; veinlets simple or forked; sori in rows close to the
midrib. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 195.

Hab, Sandwich Isles, Peru.—The alliance of this is with the two preceding.

148, P. obliquatum, Blume ; st. tufted, 1 in. or more l., rigid, naked or villose ;
Jr. 8-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into entire close
subhorizontal linear pinne@ 1-1} lin. br., dilated at the base, the lower ones short
and blunt ; ¢extwre subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or hispid ; both sides naked ;
veinlets simple ; soré sunk in a cavity, 4 to 6 on each side, the edge of the fertile
pinne sometimes undulated.—_ZA. Sp. 4. p. 190 (in part). Cryptosorus, Fée.

Hab. South India, Ceylon, Malaya, Philippines.—Forms the genus Ce@lopteris, A. Br.,
and with P, papillosum, Thylacopteris of Kunze.

149. P. repandulum, Mett. ; st. tufted, very short, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. L, 1-14
in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into erecto-patent blunt crenated pinne
3-2 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veénlets simple ;
sori slightly immersed, filling nearly the whole space between the midrib and

edge.—P. obliquatum, Hz. Sp. 4. p. 190 (in part).

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, 1147, 1290 ; Thwattes, 3900.—A smaller and less coriaceous .
plant than the last, with the sori indistinctly immersed. :

150. P. subsecundo-dissectum, Zolling. ; st. tufted, 3-3 in. 1.5 7r. 4-8 in. 1, 3-1
in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous close subdimidiate oblong
pinne, which are quite entire or only slightly toothed towards the point on the outer
side, but cut down nearly to the rachis on the inner side into 4 to 6 oblong lobes ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides clothed with soft spreading yellowish
hairs ; veins abbreviated ; sord close to the midrib.— Met, Fil. Ind. 2. p, 220.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 1578.—Characterized in the group by its subdimidiate pinne.

151. P. minutum, Blume ; st. tufted, 2-8 in. 1., clothed with soft yellowish
hairs ; /r. 4-6 in. 1., 3-2 in. br. ; pinne 1-1} lin. br., close, erecto-patent, blunt,
align crenated, the lower ones reduced ; teature papyraceo-herbaceous ; both
sides clothed with soft yellowish hairs; veins simple, very short; sori 1 to 3 on

each side, close to the midrib.—Hz&. Sp. 4. p. 188.
Hab. Ceylon, Malay Isles, and Philippines.

152. P. subfalcatum, Blume ; st. densely tufted, under 1 in. 1. thinly clothed
with soft spreading hairs; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 1-14 in. br.; pinne close, spreading,
rather sharply toothed from one-third to halfway down, decurrent at the base,
the lower ones gradually reduced ; tewture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides
slightly villose ; veindets simple ; sor? in rows, 1 to each tooth.—H&. Sp. 4. p..198
(in part).

Hab. Malay Isles.—The Javan P. lividum, Mett., is said to differ by its firmer texture,
shorter hairs, and immersed sori.

48. ponypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 329

158. P. capiliare, Desv. ; st. tufted, slender, wiry, short, naked or villose ; /.
flaccid, pendent, 1 ft. 1.,2 in. or more br.; pimn@ 1-2 in. 1, distinct, entire,
1 lin. br., pinnatifid ; tevture papyraceo-herbaceous, ebeneous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; veistlets 1 to each lobe; soré copious.—P. decipiens, Ht. Sp.
4, p. 231. t, 279. B. P. pilipes, Mett. non Hk.

Hab. West Indies to Peru.—The alliance of this is with the preceding species rather
than with P. pilipes, which is much more coriaceous in texture, with an indistinct rachis,

154. P. subsessile, Baker ; st. scarcely any ; 77. 6-18 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., the
pinne distant, linear, bluntish, about 1 lin. br., entire or slightly crenate, dilated
suddenly at the base so as to be almost or quite connected, the lower ones reduced
to a mere zigzag wing to the rachis ; textwre papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis black ;
both sédes naked or even glossy ; vetulets simple ; sord in 2 long rows.—P. pte-
ropus, Hk, Sp. 4. p. 192. ¢. 275 B. non Blume.

Hab, Columbia, Guiana, and Ecuador. Probably a variety of pendulum.

_ 155. P. farinosum, Hk. ; sf. 1 in. or less 1., wiry, flexuose ; fr. pendent, 4-5
in. 1., 13-2 in. br. ; pinne close, 1 in. or more l., 2-8 lin. br., the point blunt, the
edge obscurely undulated, the base dilated and then narrowed ; tezture subcori-
aceous ; both sédes with white meal; veinlets immersed, forked ; soré copious.—
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 223, 2nd Cent. t. 47.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.

156. P. curvatum, Sw. ; rhizome stout, scaly ; st. 8-4 in. 1., naked, glossy, dark-
brown ; 77. 12-18 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., pendent, cut down to the curved and flexuose
‘achis into close linear crenated pimne@ 14-2 lin. br., which are decurrent at the
hase 5 tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis finely pubescent ; both sides naked ; veinlets
“#bscure, 1- or 2-forked ; sort bright-yellow, in 2 long rows.—Hz&. Sp. 4. p. 201.
P. curvans, Mett.

Hab, Jamaica to Ecuador and Peru.—This has a good deal the appearance and texture
of P. pectinatum, but is pendent and remarkably flexuose.

157. P. pendulum, Sw.; caud. suberect, scaly ; fr. flaccid, pendulous, 6-12
in. or more l., 1-2 in. br., subsessile or short-stalked, cut down nearly or quite to
the rachis into blunt entire pinne 14-2 lin. br., which are dilated at the base, the
lower part narrowed into a mere decurrent wing to the rachis ; tezture subcori-
aceous'; rachis naked or villose ; both sides naked ; veinlets forked ; sori slightly
immersed, forming a row on each side close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p,194,

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

158. P. suspensum, L. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown, clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 14-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
horizontal entire acute or bluntish pinne 14-3 lin. br., dilated at the base, the
lower ones not gradually reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side more or less clothed with ferruginous hairs ; veinlets forked ;
sori in long rows close to the midrib.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 196.

Hab, Mexico and Cuba to South Brazil and Ecuador.—This has often an erect stem,
with a very decided curve at the top (Plum. t. 102). P. asplenifoliwm, L., is larger in
size, densely clothed with long rough reddish hairs, the pinne broader, and the lower
ones reduced. P. mollissimum, Fée, is like the type in habit, but very soft, with the
veins simple, and the lower pinnz much reduced.

159. P. melanopus, Gr. & Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1, slender, black, naked, bent so that
the frond hangs down ; /”. 7-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear
bluntish faintly crenated pinne@ + in. br., the lower ones slightly reduced ; texture

27

,

330 48, poLyPoprIuM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets very distinct, once forked ;
sore in 2 long rows.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 200.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.—This may be a form of the last, but the pinne are
longer and closer.

160. P. celebicum, Blunie ; st. 3-5 in. 1., tufted, villose ; fr. 12-16 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
cut down to the rachis throughout into close nearly horizontal entire bluntish
pinne 13-2 lin, br. ; teature coriaceous ; rachis ciliated, the rest nearly naked ;
veinlets simple ; sori deeply sunk, 8 to 12 in a row on each side the midrib.—
Hk, Sp. 4. 'p. 191.

Hab. Borneo and Celebes.

161. P. griseum, Liebm. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly ; sf. 4-6 in. L., pale-
brown, polished, villose ; /r. flaccid, 1-2 ft. or more 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into entire acute or bluntish lanceolate pinn@ 4-2 in, br. ; teatwre herba-
ceous ;, rachis densely villose, and both sides finely pubescent ; veins fine, close,
2- or 8-forked, the groups sometimes joining ; sori in 2 long rows midway between
the midrib and edge.—HZ&. Sp. 4. p. 202,

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

162. P. lasiolepis, Mett.; rhizome short-creeping; scales lanceolate, dull
brown ; st. 3-1 in., densely shortly pilose; fr. lanceolate, 2-5 in. 1., 14 in. br.,
cut down to rachis into ligulate, entire, adnate, blunt pinne, the lower gradually
reduced; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces shortly finely brown-hairy ;
veins erecto-patent, 6-12-jugate, simple, bearing at the tip the slightly immersed
round submarginal sori, Kuhn, Linn. 86. p. 131.

Hab. Martinique and Guadeloupe.

163. P. pilipes, Hk.; st. tufted, flexuose, 3-4 in. 1., densely clothed with soft
spreading hairs ; fr. pendent, 6-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into close linear lobes, which are often deeply pinnatifid ; ¢eztwre coriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 1 to each lobe ; sor? copious.— Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 280. Ic. t, 221.

Hab. Peru, Matthews.
C. Fronds more than half an inch broad, erect or suberect. Sp. 164-186.

164. P. macrocarpum, Pres] ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
lanceolate adpressed scales ; sf. 1-3 in. 1., wiry, often flexuose, deciduously scaly ;
fr. 3-4 in. 1, lin. or more br., lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into
blunt entire or obscurely toothed pinne 4 in. br., dilated at the base, and with a
rounded sinus between them ; testure coriaceous ; veins hidden, forked ; upper
surface naked, lower densely coated with scales ; sori large, copious.—Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 215. P. Tweedianum, HE. Ic. t. 86.

Hab. Bolivia to Chili. —Habit and scales like those of P. incanum.

165. P. madrense, J. Sm.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
minute scales; st. 2-4 in. 1, firm, erect, naked or slightly scaly ; fr. 8-5 in. 1,
13-2 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into horizontal blunt entire pinnae
# in. br., with a rounded sinus between them ; feature coriaceous ; ebeneous rachis

and under side thinly coated with minute scales ; veinlets 2-forked, obscure ; sord
large, copious.—HE. Sp. 4. p. 214, P. ontolepis, Fée,

Hab. Sierra Madre, N. W. Mexico, Seemann, 1941,—About midway between the last
and P. pectinatum. Kuhn joins it with plebeium,

48. POLYPODIUM, §{§$§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 331

166. P. rigescens, Bory ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with dull-
brown linear scales ; st. 1-3 in. ]., wiry or slightly villose, naked ; /r. 6-12 in. 1.
2in. or more br., cut down to the rachis into close entire blunt linear-oblong
pinne 1 in. br., the lower ones reduced ; rachis black, wiry ; both surfaces naked,
the under one sometimes glaucous ; veinlets hidden ; sort in rows of 4 to 5 on
each side.—HE&. & Gr. Ic. t. 216.

Hab. Cuba to Chili and Brazil ; Bourbon, Fernando Po.—A plant from Dr. Spruce
has a rigid rhizome 2 ft. 1., clothed with large ovate-lanceolate scales, and the fronds are
quite sessile ; and another has fronds 18 in. L, 2 in. br., with 6-9 sori in a row. ~

167. P. fuscatum, Blume ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., densely clothed with soft spread-
ing hairs; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
throughout into close entire obtuse pinne } lin. br., the lower ones shorter and
broader ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides thinly clothed with soft
hairs ; veins obscure, simple ; sor? forming a close row on each side the midrib, at
last filling nearly the whole surface.—/é. Sp. 4. p. 181.

Hab. Java and Ceylon.

168. P. decorum, Brack. ; rhizome creeping, densely clothed with linear scales ;
st. Lin. or less 1., rigid, naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., $-1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite
to the rachis into entire linear blunt pinne about 1 lin. br., the lower ones growing
gradually shorter and blunter ; tezture coriaceous ; both s¢des naked, or the rachis
hispid ; vetzs obscure ; sort immersed, in 2 rows of 4 to 6 each, filling up the
whole space between the midrib and edge.-—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 179.

Hab. Ceylon, Malaya, and Philippines to Tahiti and Sandwich Isles.—This is referred
to P. nutans (Blume) by Mettenius, but the figure and description do not quite agree
with it.

169. P. blechnoides, Hk. ; rhizome stout, clothed with dense linear scales ; st.
2-8 in. 1., rigid, erect, naked ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down very nearly
to the rachis throughout ; fertile pinn@ confined to the upper half of the frond,
longer and narrower than the barren ones, which are bluntish, about 4 in. br.,
growing gradually shorter and broader downwards ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; sord oblong, immersed, in rows near the midrib.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 180. Cryptosorus Seemanni, J. Sm.

Hab. Polynesian Islands and Queensland.

170. P. Lobbianum, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping, stout, densely scaly ; fr. sub-
sessile, 4-6 in. 1., 2-1} in. br.; pimne numerous, close, $ lin. br., the edge with
distinct rounded crenations, lower ones gradually reduced ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis wiry, ebeneous; both sides quite naked ; veinlets simple, indistinct, 1 to
each lobe ; sori immersed, small, copious.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 226. t. 278. B.

Hab. Borneo, 7. Lobb.—This and the three last are the most rigid in texture of the
group.

171. P. argyratum, Bory ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, ferruginous ; sf. 2-3
in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close
horizontal nearly entire pinn@ } in. br., narrowed gradually upwards ; texture
subcoriaceous ; under surface coated when young with white meal, which dis-
appears as the plant grows older, for the rest naked ; veindets immersed ; sori
marginal, 4 to 8 on each side.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 198.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius.

172. P. Skinneri, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with broad pale ad-
pressed scales ; s¢. 2 in. 1., rigid, deciduously scaly ; fr. 6-9 in. L., 14-2 in. br., cut
down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous close horizontal linear slightly
crenated penne not more than 1 lin. br., with a rounded sinus between them ;

332 48, ponypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface thinly clothed with minute ovate
toothed scales ; veénlets obscure, simple ; sordin 2 long rows.—HA&. Sp. 4. p. 276. B.

Hab. Guatemala ; gathered by Mr. Skinner.

178. P. furfuraceum, Schlecht. ; rhizome strong, densely clothed with brown
woolly fibrils ; s¢. 8-4 in. 1, rigid, erect, scaly and villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4
in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear acute or bluntish entire pinne 2 lin.
br., dilated on both sides at the base; teature coriaceous ; rachis and under side
clothed with dense scales and soft spreading hairs ; vetnlets forked ; sor? in 2 long
rows.—Hk&. Sp. 4, p. 2138.

Hab. Mexico.—Rigid habit and dense scales of Lepicystis, but the veins free.

174. P. papillosum, Blume; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly; st. 4-6 in,
1, erect, slender, rigid, naked; fr. 1 ft. or more ]., 2 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into close horizontal blunt entire or faintly crenated pinne 2-3 lin. br. ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins black,
distinct, once forked ; sovd in rows near the edge, deeply immersed, the cavity
prominent on the upper side.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 198. 2nd Cent. t. 46.

Hab. Java and Philippines.

175. P. apiculatum, Kze.; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping or suberect;
basal scales grey, linear cancellate ; st. 1-2 in., rigid, erect, grey, finely pubescent
like rachis; 7”. lanceolate-caudate, 6-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down to rachis
into adnate 30-40-jugate, linear, subacute pimne@ 1 lin. br., the lowest gradually
reduced ; texture moderately firm, not flexible ; surfaces dull-green, naked ; veins
8-12-jugate, obscure, forked ; sor2 round, superficial, filling up the space between
edge and midrib. HH. Sp. 4. p. 185. Baker, Fil. Bras, p. 515.. P. confluens,
Fee, Fil. Bras. t. 26. fig. 3.

Hab. Columbia, Guiana, and Brazil.

176. P. elasticum, Rich. ; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping or suberect ;
scales brown, linear ; st. 1-8 in., black, slender, naked ; jr. lanceolate, 9-18 in. 1.,
2-4 in, br., cut down to rachis into ligulate, patent, adnate, entire, blunt 40-100-
jugate pinne, lower gradually reduced ; texture very elastic; sunfaccs naked,
except black wiry rachis ; veinlets forked, obscure, 15-20-jugate ; sori minute,
superficial, medial. P. Plumula, H. B. K. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 200, ex parte, P. pul-
chrum, M. é G., Hh. Sp. 4.p.199. P. Schkuhri, Raddi. ;

Hab. Mexico to Peru and Brazil.—P. Filicula, Kaulf., is a small variety.

177. P. tazifolium, L.; rhizome stout, scaly ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. 1., erect,
rigid, clothed with soft spreading hairs; fr. 6-12 in. or more 1., 13-3 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close entire or slightly crenated blunt horizontal pinne
1}-2 lin. br., the lower ones distant and much reduced; ¢éatwre papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or villose ; both sides naked ; veinlets
simple, very distinct, with the sord terminal upon them.—P. Plumula, Hé, Sp.
A, p. 200, ex parte. P. L’Herminieri, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 12.

Hab. Guatemala, West Indies, Ecuador, South Brazil.—Well distinguished by its
finely-cut pectinate habit and simple oblique usually distinctly-marked veinlets, with the
sori terminal upon them.

178. P. recurvatum, Kaulf.; rhizome creeping, the scales ovate-lanceolate,
bright-ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect; fr. 1-8 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down
to the rachis into close entire acuminate pinne 3-2 in. br., the lower ones
quite distinct, not smaller than the others ; ¢exture subcoriaceous ; rachis finely
pubescent ; veins obscure, forked ; sord in a single medial line-—Mett. Polyp.
p. 60.

48. poLyPoDium, §§§§§ ECPOLYPODITM. 333

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 1977, 2020.—This comes near some of the forms of P. pectinatum,
but the scales are different, and the lower pinnz not reduced.

179. P. pectinatum, L.; rhizome stout, fibrillose; sf. rigid, erect, 2-6 in. 1.,
naked or finely villose ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 2-6 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
close blunt horizontal entire or slightly-toothed pinne 14-3 lin. br., the lower
ones much reduced ; tezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; rachis
and both sides naked or finely villose ; veinlets pellucid, once or twice forked ;

We in long rows.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 208. G. F.t.10. BP. lomarieforme, Aze. Hk.
Ce :

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies to Peru and Braz:1; common.-—Similar in habit to the two
last, but larger, with the veinlets pellucid in tke living, and yuently inconspicuous in
the dried plant, usually twice forked, and producing the sorus from the tip of the lowest
branch. P. Wageneri, Mett., is a form with anastomosing veins.

180. P. meridense, Klotzsch ; rhizome creeping, the scales fibrillose, dark-
brown ; st. 3-6 in. 1., wiry, black, scarcely at all villose ; /r. 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into close bluntish slightly crenate pinnae
2 lin. br., which are dilated at the base, the lowest not reduced; texture
coriaceous ; rachis villose; both surfaces nearly naked; veins hidden, once
forked ; sori submarginal.—Klotzsch, Linn. 20. p. 880. P. Spixianum, Mart.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 335, Lindig ; Brazil, Burchell, 2268.

181. P. Abitague, Hk.; rhizome clothed with linear bright-ferruginous
scales; st. 6-9 in. ]., firm, erect, ebeneous, finely villose ; 77. 1 ft. or more 1.,
3-4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into obscurely undulated subacute horizontal
pinne } in. br., dilated at the base, the lowest not reduced ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and both sides finely villose ; veins immersed, once forked; sord in two
rows midway between the edge and midrib.—_Hé. Sp. 4. p. 206.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5281.—Very near the last, from which it differs by its
finely-villose stem and surface and medial sori. The two are much more coriaceous than
pectinatum, with the veins hidden, and lower pinnz not reduced.

182. P. Bloritzianum, Link ; rhizome stout, creeping; scales lanceolate-subu-
late, ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, glossy, erect ; fr. erect, 12-18 in. 1, 3-4
in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close bluntish nearly
horizontal obscurely undulated pinnew 32 in. br.; texture papyraceo-herba-
ceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veinlets distinct, once forked ; sori in
two long rows.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 202.

Hab, Venezuela, Moritz, 217, Fendler, Steetz.

183. P. chnoophorum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, creeping ; scales small, few, linear ;
st. 4-6 in., firm, erect, grey, villose ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 9-15 in. I., 3-4 in. br.,
cut down to rachis into ligulate, bluntish, entire pinne 2-3 lin. br., the lowest
shorter, deflexed ; tezture membranous ; surfaces and weak rachis villose ; veins
twice forked, 10-15-jugate, slender, indistinct ; sori medial, superficial, at end of
anterior branches.—HE&. Sp. 4. p. 208. P. sublanosum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 221.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 122, &c.

184, P. Martensti, Mett.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with large
bright-ferruginous lanceolate membranous scales ; st. 1-2 in l., firm, erect; fr.
8-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous entire horizontal
pinne 2 lin. br., with their own breadth between them ; fezture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely villose ; ceins subpinnate ; sor2 medial,
12 or more on each side—HE. Sp. 4, p. 207. P. callolepis, Fée.

334 48. POLYPODIUM, §{§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

Hab. Mexico.—Judging from the description, P. Zhrenbergiamum, Klotzsch, may be a
form of this with broader pinne. See Kuhn Beitrage, p. 17. :

185. P. pellucidum, Kaulf.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely scaly ; st.
8-6 in. L, rigid, erect, naked, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into close blunt entire or subacute pinnew 3-2 in. br.;
teature coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets pelluaid, subpinnate 5
sort large, prominent.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 206. 2nd Cent. t. 44.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.—P. myriocarpum, Hk. Ic. t. 84. isa form with pinnatifid pinne.

Very like P. vulgare in habit, but the veins beautifully pellucid, distinct even in dried
specimens.

186. P. vulgare, Linn.; rhizome stout, the scales bright-ferruginous ; st. 2-4
in. l., firm, erect, stramineous ; /r..6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br. cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into close entire or slightly toothed usually blunt pinne
Z-% in. br.; teature herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked; veinlets
pinnate ; sord large, uniserial. Hh. Sp. 5. p. 205. Brit. Ft. 22.

Hab. Lapland, throughout Europe ‘to the Azores, Madeira, Barbary States, Turkey in
Asia, and Japan; Cape Colony. N. America—Sitka, southward to California and the
north of Mexico.—P. australe, Fée, is a large southern form ; P. cambricum, L., a form
with often deeply pinnatifid pinne ; and P. falcatum, Kellogg (P. glycyrhiza, Eaton), a
Californian variety, with the pinne finely toothed, and narrowed very gradually to an
acute point.

tt Most of the pinnee distinctly separated at the base. Sp. 187-207.

187. P. clavifer, Hk.; st. densely tufted, very short; yr. 4-5 in. ]., 4 in. br.
pinnate throughout; pinne distant, linear-subulate, rigid, curved, the fertile
ones dilated at the point, which bears a large solitary sorus and is tipped with a
bristle ; rachis eid, ciliated with deciduous bristly hairs; tevtwre coriaceous.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 176. Grammitis, Hs. 2nd Cent. t. 5.

Hab. Borneo, H. Low.—A very distinct plant, with the dilated apex of the pinne
holding the solitary sorus like a spoon, thus falling under Calymmodon of Presl.

188. P. tenuifolium, H. B. K.; rhizome stout, clothed with reddish-brown
fibrillose scales ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, naked, erect ; fr. 8-12 in. L, 14-2 in. br.,
cut down to the rachis into distant linear blunt entire or slightly crenated
pinne 1 lin. br.; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; rachis and both sides naked ;
veinlets simple or rarely forked ; sori slightly immersed, in two rows of 6-10 each
to a pinna.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 192.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia.—Grisebach considers this, P, Otites, Sw., but the
plant of Linnzus is in part P. pectinatum. age

189. P. venulosum, Blume; st. tufted, rigid, wiry, 1-3 in. 1, deciduously
villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into close
entire horizontal pinne 1 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis villose ; both sides naked ; midrib and simple veinlets raised ; soré copious,
immersed.— Zh, Sp. 4, p. 223, Cryptosorus, Fée.

_Hab. Malay Isles.—This and the preceding resemble P. pectinatum in habit, but the
pinne are more distinctly separated.

190. P. heteromorphum, Hk. & Gr.; st. tufted, slender, wiry, naked: 7. ver
flaccid, pendent, simple or dichotomously forked or pinnate, Thy eee
pinnl. 12-18 in. l., 3-§ in. br. ; pinne close, obovate or oblong, 4-3 in. 1., 1$-2 lin.
br., entire or pinnatifid with short blunt lobes ; tezture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides densely clothed with soft spreading hairs; veinlets of the

48. poLypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 335

pinnl. simple ; so7z copious, 1-6 to a pinna.—Hé&. Sp. 4. p. 229. Hk. & Gr. Ic.
t.108. PP. variabile, Met.

Hab. Mexico along the Andes to Ecuador.—Resembles P. trichomanoides in texture.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 112 ; Brackenridge, Probably cultratum, var.

192. P. semiadnatum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, flexuose, slightly villose ;
fr. flaccid, pendent, 1-2 ft.1., $1} in. br.; pinnae very numerous, close, oblong,
3-8 in. 1, 2 lin. br., blunt, distinetly crenated, the lower ones reduced and
distant ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side with a few long soft hairs ;
veinlets forked ; sori copious.—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 222. (in part), Ind Cent. t. 48

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.

193. P. dependens, Baker; st. tufted, short, thread-like, clothed with soft
spreading hairs ; fr. pendent, very flaccid, 2 ft. or more l., Zin. br.; pinn@ alternate,
a2 in. 1., } in. br., ovate-oblong, blunt, entire, the central ones on the same
side 3 in. apart ; ¢eeture papyraceo-herbaceous ; slender black rachis and both
sides clothed with soft spreading hairs; veznlets simple ; sori close to the midrib.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 567.—Like the next species on a smaller scale.

194, P. alternifolium, Hk. ; st. very short, tufted, slender, flexuose, clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; _*r. pendent, very flaccid, 2-10 ft. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinne
distinct, alternate, lanceolate, entire, 3-4 lin. br. at the base ; teature papyraceo-
herbaceous ; slender rachis and both sides thinly clothed with soft spreading
hairs ; midrib ebeneous, slender, flexuose ; veinlets simple; sorz copious.—Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 222. t. 277. A.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador.

195. P. sericeo-lanatum, Hk. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., slender, densely clothed with soft
spreading grey hairs; fr. flaccid, pendent, 1-2 ft. 1., 14-3 in. br.; pinne close,
#14 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., blunt, entire, spreading ; tevture thick ; rachis and both
sides densely matted with soft silky hairs ; veins simple; sori in 2 long rows.—
HE. Sp. 4. p. 221.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador.—This and the five preceding in their flaccid
pendent mode of growth correspond with the cultratum group.

196. P. firmum, Klotzsch; rhizome creeping, the scales large, linear, dull-
brown; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. loosely spreading, 8-12 in. 1., 2 in. br. ;
pinne distant, 1 in. 1., 4 in. br., blunt, upcurved, dilated at the base, the lower
ones reduced ; texture firm ; rachis slender, black, wiry, clothed with short stiff
black hairs ; both sides nearly naked ; midrib black ; veins simple; soré in two
long rows.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 185. (in part),

Hab. Guiana, Richard Schomburgk, 1170; New Granada, Lindig, 300.—Scarcely more
than a variety of rigescens, with pinne more separated.

197. P. lanigerum, Eaton; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, densely clothed with soft
spreading reddish-brown hairs; fr. flaccid, pendent, 6-9 in. 1, 1}-2 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into erecto-patent blunt entire pinn@ 2-8 lin. br., the lower
ones reduced ; texture herbaceous; both sides thinly coated with soft hairs ;

336 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

veinlets fine, simple ; sori 6-9 in a row, on each side near the midrib.—H&, Sp. 4.
p. 189.. P. concinnum, Mett. Kuhn Linn. 36. p. 182.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 212.—Desvaux's plant thus named appears to be P, cultratum,
from which this differs by its distinctly separated pinna, the largest more than an inch
long, narrowed gradually from the base to the point.

198. -P. sporadolepis, Kae. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with grey
adpressed seales; s¢. 4-6 in. l., wiry, slightly scaly ; 7. 6-12 in. 1, 2-8 in. br. ;
pinne_horizontal, bluntish, entire or slightly crenate, 2-3 lin. br., narrowed
towards both ends, the lowest not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis wiry,
nearly naked ; under side with minute scattered scales ; vednlets obscure, forked ;
sori copious.—Hk&. Sp. 4. p. 212.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.—This comes near the next species, but is more slender,
with narrower distant pinne and an ebeneous rachis.

199. P. plebeium, Schlecht. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with small
grey scales ; st. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, castaneous, nearly naked ; /r. 6-12 in. 1.,
3-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into spreading
entire or obscurely crenated pinne 4- in. br., the lowest not reduced ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side with small scattered scales; veins obscure ;
sori copious.— Hk, Sp. 4. p. 218.

Hab. Mexico to Peru.—Intermediate, as are the following species, in general habit
between pectinaium and vulgare:

200. P. Hartwegianum, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-ereeping, the scales linear,
dark-brown ; sf. 4 in. 1., erect, naked; fr. 1ft.1., 3} in. br., cut down to the
rachis into linear-lanceolate obscurely crenated pinnw, 3-2 in. br., dilated at the
base, the lower ones distinct from the others, the lowest pair deflexed ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis slender, villose ; both sides slightly hairy ; veindets
distinct, twice forked ; sori bright-yellow, oval, in two long rows.—Hk&. Sp. 4.
p. 207.—Ie. t. 880.

Hab. Mexico, Hartweg, 415. 7

201. P. biauriculatum, Hk.; st. 4-6 in. 1, stout, erect, villose upwards ; jr.
12-18 in. 1, 4-6 in. br. ; pinne@ horizontal, 2 in. 1., in. br., the edge entire, both
sides distinctly auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachés and both surfaces
densely pubescent ; veins immersed, indistinct ; sor filling up nearly the whole
space between edge and midrib.— H&, Jc, t. 121.

Hab. Peru, Matthews.—Placed by Moore in Gontophlebium.

202. P. puberulum, Schlecht. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st..6-8 in. 1., firm,
naked, polished ; fr. 12-18 in. l., 6-8 in. br. ; lower pinne 3 in. 1., } in. br., the
edge irregularly crenate, the base distinctly auricled on both sides; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; veins in slightly
pinnated groups, the main vein prominent; sovi in rows nearer the edge than
midrib.— HE. Sp. 4. p. 220. (in part).

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.—Very near the last, but the position of the sori
different.

203. P. subpetiolatum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
ferruginous lanceolate scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, stramineous ; fr. I ft. or more l.,
6-8 in. br.; pinne 8-4 in. 1., 3 in. br., the point bluntish, the edge incon-
spicuously crenate, the lower ones rounded at the base, subpetiolate ; tewture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely villose; veins subpinnate ;
sori in rows nearer the midrib than the edge.—HZ&. Sp.-4, p. 220,

48. potypopium, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 337

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Cuba.—The Mexican P. biserratum, M. & G., is pro-
bably the same, but in our specimens from Mettenius the fronds are much more elongated,
and the pinnez more numerous, and sori more distant.

204. P. sororium, H. B. K. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
small pale-brown scales; s¢. 6-12 in. ]., firm, erect, naked; fr. 1-2 ft. l., 6-9 in.
br. ; lower pinnee the largest, sessile, 4-6 in. 1., $-Zin. br., the apex acuminate,
the edge entire or obscurely undulated ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; veins fine, very distinct, pinnated ; soré in distinct rows
nearer the midrib than the edge.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 219.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico southward to Peru.—According to Mettenius, Goniophlebium
elatum, Fée, is a form of this with the veins sometimes united.

205. P. fraternum, C. & S. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales ovate-acuminate,
bright ferruginous ; sé. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; 7. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
lower pinne 1 in. apart, 4-5in.|., narrowed at both ends, the edge obscurely
crenated ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins close, pinnate ; soré
oul, uniserial, slightly immersed. — Met. Pol. p. 63. P. Henchmanni,

» Sim.

Hab. Mexico.—Mettenius describes a closely allied P. harpophyllum, Zenk., from the
Neilgherries, with which we are not acquainted. Goniophl. reveriens, Fée, appears to be
a form with the groups of veins sometimes joined.

206. P. legionarium, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more |., firm, erect, glossy, naked ;
fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinne the largest, sessile, 6-8 in. 1., $-2in.
br., broadly crenate, the base rounded ; tevtwre herbaceous; both sides finely
villose ; veindefs in pinnated groups of 2-3 on a side ; soré large, in long distinct
rows nearer the midrib than the edge.—P. macrodon, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 218. (non
Reinw.).

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin.

207. P. cenellum, Forst.; rhizome wide-climbing, woody, scaly when young;
st. 2-3 in. l., firm, nearly naked, jointed near the base ; fr. pendent, 1-2 ft. or
more |., 2-4 in. br.; pinne@ 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br., narrowed to both ends, entire or
obscurely crenated ; ¢ezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins 2-3 forked ; sor in rows near the .edge.—Hé&. Sp. 4. p.217. Arthropteris,
J, Sm.

Hab, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. —A very distinct species.
#2%4% Fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate. Sp. 208-219.

208. P. hymenophylloides, Kaulf.; rhizome fibrous, very slender ; st. 1 i. or
Jess 1., densely tufted, very slender; jr. 2-4 in. 1., +2 in. br.; pinnae close,
usually dimidiate, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into a few small oblong
lobes ; éeature pellucido-herbaceous ; rachés and both sides finely glandular ;
veinlets 1 to each lobe ; sort terminal.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 228. Adenophorus, Hk. §-
Gr. Ic, t. 176. :

Hab. Sandwich Isles,—A very distinct species, resembling a Hymenophyllum in habit
and texture.

209. P. fallax, Schlecht; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, much-branched,
clothed with fine brown tomentum ; s?. distant, slender, 4-1 in. ]., nearly naked ;
jr. 1-13 in. 1, 4 in. br., with a few distinct pinne on each side, the lowest the
largest and deeply pinnatifid with linear lobes ; texture coriaceous ; under surface
with minute scattered scales ; soré large, prominent, often 1 only to a pinna.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 216.

Hab, Mexico.—Fronds often more than an inch apart on a long thread-like rhizome.
2u

338 48. PoLypoprum, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

210. P. tenuisectum, Blume ; st. tufted, short, wiry, 1-2 in. 1, clothed with
soft spreading hairs; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 13-2 in. br. ; péinne close, 2 lin. br., cut down
to a narrow rachis into linear very regular erecto-patent lobes ; ¢ezture sub-
coriaceous; rachis erect, straight, villose; both sides naked ; veinlets simple,
immersed, 1 to each lobe ; sor¢ much broader than the lobes, placed at their base.
—Hk, Sp. 4. p. 227. (in part).

Hab. Java.

211. P. myriophyllum, Mett. ; st. flexuose, wiry, 4-6 in. 1., densely clothed with
long soft spreading brown hairs ; fr. flaccid, pendent, 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br. ; pinncee
close, flexuose, } in. br., cut down to a narrow rachis into linear-subulate lobes,
the lower ones distant and shorter ; testure subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side
slightly villose ; veindets simple, immersed, 1 to each lobe ; sori broader than the
a placed at their base. P. tenuisectum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 227. (in part), 2nd

ent. t. 21.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2567.—Very near the last, but different in habit, with the lobes
of the pinnz twice as long and not nearly so close and regular,

212. P. achillewfolium, Kaulf.; st. tufted, wiry, 1 in. or less 1., clothed with
short soft spreading hairs; fr. 4-5 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinne
close, erecto-patent, deeply pinnatifid with linear lobes, lower pinne gradually
reduced ; texture coriaceous; rachis and under surface slightly villose ; veinlets
immersed, forked, 1 to each lobe ; sori copious.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 225.

Hab. Ecuador and Brazil.

213. P. longisetosum, Hk.; st. 2-8 in. 1, slender, deciduously villose ; jr.
flaccid, pendent, 6-8 in. ]., 2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the pinne close, erecto-
patent, linear, about 1 in. 1., 2 lin. br., deeply pinnatifid, with blunt rounded
lobes, the base decurrent ; tewtwre papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sédes and rachis
thinly clothed with long spreading hairs ; veinlets simple, one to each lobe ; sori
copious.— Hh. Sp. 4. p. 225. ¢. 278. A,

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 97.

214. P. funiculum, Fée; rhizome wide-creeping, wiry, slender, naked; st.
tufted, 1-2 in. L, wiry, naked ; fr. 3-5 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinne % in. br., deeply pinnatifid, with blunt oblong lobes, the lowest very
small; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; veinlets
simple, 1 to each lobe ; sori small, yellowish. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 226.

Hab, Cuba, Linden, Wright.

215. P. gracile, Hk.; st. 8-4 in. 1, tufted, slender, wiry, naked ; 7. flaccid,
pendent, 6-9 in. L., 3-1 in. br. ; pinn@ distinct, }-} in. 1., 1 lin. or rather more
br., deeply pinnatifid, with broad blunt lobes ; teatwe subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked; veins immersed, obscure; sori 1 to each lobe.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 224, Hk. & Gr. t. 222,

Hab, Andes of Peru, Cruckshanks.

216. P. tamariscinum, Kaulf.; rhizome stout, creeping, scaly ; st. 2-3 in. |,
naked, wiry, flexuose ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 14-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinne close,
erecto-patent, 7-§ in. br., cut down to the rachis into simple or forked linear or
oblong lobes; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked; veinlets 1 to each
lobe ; soré copious, placed near the apex of the lobes.—Hh. Sp. 4. p. 228.
Adenophorus, Hk. & Gr. Je. t. 175.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Tahiti, Malay Isles,—A. tripinnatijidus, Gaud., is a form with

48, POLYPODIUM, §§$§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 339

forked or subpinnatifid lobes ; P. Hillebrandii, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 228, is probably a luxuriant
form of this species ; the pinne are 8 in. l., and the sori sometimes 2 to a lobe, and not
quite terminal.

217. P. athyrioides, Hk. ; st. 2-8 in. 1., firm, wiry, slightly hairy ; fr. 8-12 in.
1, 2in. br. ; pinne close, linear-lanceolate, } in. br., cut halfway down to the
rachis into close oblong lobes; lower pinne reduced very gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, slightly villose ; both sides nearly naked ; veinlets
simple, 1 to each lobe ; soré oblong, copious.— H&. Sp. 4. p. 224. t. 277. B.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1108.

218. P. murorum, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
linear scales; st. 4-8 in. 1., wiry, glossy, naked; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; pinne quite distinct, the lower ones varying from linear and
nearly entire to lanceolate (3 in. br.) and deeply pinnatifid ; tevture coriaceous ;
veins hidden; under surface thinly coated with scales ; sort large, in two long
rows.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 216. Jc. t. 70.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador,

219. P. microphyllinum, Mett.; st. 3-4 in. 1., slender, flexuose, naked ; /r.
pendent, 3-4 in. ]., 21 in. br.; pinn@ erecto-patent, flexuose, 3 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close regular obovate lobes 4 lin. br. ; feature sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and under side slightly villose ; veindets immersed, 1 to each
lobe ; sové 1 to each lobe.

Hab. Peru, Lechler.
FREES Fronds tri-quadripinnatifid. Sp. 220-224.

220. P. millefolium, Blume ; st. 1-8 in. 1., clothed with spreading ferruginous
hairs ; fr. 8 in. 1., 13 in. br. ; pinne 3 in. 1., ovate-lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into linear-oblong or spathulate toothed or pinnatifid pinnl. 1 in. 1.;
teature firm, subcoriaceous ; under surface slightly hairy ; veinlets simple or forked ;

soré terminal.—_Meatt. Poly. p. 54.
Hab. Java, Zollinger, 1723, fide Mettenius.

221. P. onustum, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
grey adpressed scales; st. 4-6 in. l., wiry, erect, naked or slightly scaly ; 7.
6-12 in. 1, 3-5 in. br., ovate ; lower pinn@ lanceolate or subdeltoid, cut down to
a winged rachis into pinnatifid rhomboidal lobes; ¢eatwre thick, coriaceous ;
under surface with scattered scales ; sorz large, prominent, often 1 to each lobe.—
Elk. Sp. 4. p. 216. Jc. t. 749.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador.

222. P. Friedrichsthalianum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
grey adpressed scales ; st. 3-4 in. ]., wiry, erect, deciduously scaly ; /r. flaccid,
12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; penne very numerous, imbricated, deltoid, the largest
2 in. 1., 1 in, br., cut down to the rachis into deeply pinnatifid blunt linear
pinnl, with short blunt lobes; rachis and under side densely scaly ; sori small,
1 to each lobe.—H&. Sp. 4. p. 217. :

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

223. P. daree forme, Hk.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with dense
linear pale-brown scales ; s¢. 6-9 in. 1., naked, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in.1., 8-12in. br.,
subdeltoid ; lower pinne 4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ;_pinni. oblong-
lanceolate, the segm. with forked or entire linear distant ult. divisions ; texture

340 48, POLYPoDIUM, §§$§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

herbaceous ; rachis glossy, both sides naked; veins 1 to each division, not
reaching the edge, but bearing the sori beneath the thickened apex.—H&. Sp. 4.
p. 256. 2nd Cent. t. 24,

Hab. Sikkim, Khasia, Moulmein,

224. P. subdigitatum, Blume; st. tufted, firm, 1 ft. or more l., stramineous,
naked or furfuraceous; fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br.; lower pinne the
largest, 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.; pinnl. lanceolate, often 2 in. 1, ? in. br., with
close spreading ovate-lanceolate or rhomboidal segm., with blunt lobes or even
again pinnate, obliquely truncate on the lower side; teature pellucido-herba-
ceous ; colour dark-green ; veinlets 1 to each ult. lobe, not reaching the edge,
and the copious -soré terminal upon them.—P. davallioides, Mett. Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 256. Monachosorum, Kunze.

Hab. N, India (up to 7-8,000 ft,), Malay Peninsula and Isles.—A beautiful and well-
aarked species,

SSSS8S Goniophlebium, Blume. Veins forming ample regular areola, each with
a single distinct free included veinlet, the sori terminal on the latter, often in the
costal areole only, but sometimes also in the second or even third row. Tas. 48.
f.h.i, Sp. 225-263.

* Under surface not at all or slightly scaly. Sp. 225-260.
+ Fronds simple. Sp. 225-228.

225. P. (Gonioph.) vaccintifolium, F. & L.; rhizome slender, very wide-
creeping, densely clothed with grey or ferruginous fibrillose scales ; fr. sub-
sessile, dimorphous, entire, coriaceous, quite naked, the barren ones roundish or
elliptical, obtuse, 1-2 in. 1, 3-3 in. br., the fertile ones linear or ligulate, with
large uniserial sori? Hk. Sp. 5. p. 85. Craspedaria, Link. Lopholepis, J. Sm.

Hab. Jamaica to Paraguay.

226. P. (Gontoph.) piloselloides, L.; rhizome very wide-creeping, slender,
scandent, clothed with squarrose fibrillose scales; fr. dimorphous, the barren
ones oblong, entire, 1-3 in. L, 3-3 in. br., the fertile ones narrower and longer,
both on short ciliated stems ; ¢eature coriaceous ; both sides naked or more or
less scaly and hairy ; sord large, uniserial, confined to the large costal areole.—
Hk. G. Ft. 18.—B, P. ciliatum, Willd. ; fertile fr. so narrow that the sori project
beyond the edge.—y, P. aurisetum, Raddi; fr. small, sometimes nearly round,
scaly, and especially the fertile ones on the back densely fulvo-villose. Hk. Sp.
5. p. 83. Craspedaria, Fée. Lopholepis, J. Sm,

Hab. Common throughout Tropical America, including the West Indies.—Lopholepis,

J. Sm., has the venation of Goniophlebiwm, with dimorphous fronds and a wide-trailing
rhizome.

227. P.(Gonioph.) nummularium, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, the
scales linear-subulate, ferruginous; /r. distant, the barren ones suborbicular,
i in. 1., nearly as broad, on short slender stems; feature coriaceous; both
sides naked ; veins immersed, very obscure ; sterile fr. 3-4 in. L, } in. br. on
stalks nearly as long.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 87. Crypsinus, Presi.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 121.

228. P. (Gonioph.) glaucophyllum, Kze.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, decidu-
ously sealy ; st. scattered, 2-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy; fr. uniform, oblong-
lanceolate, entire, 4-10 in. ]., 1-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the base rounded ;
texture coriaceous; both sides naked; main veins 14-2 lines apart, with 4-6

48, POLYPODIUM, §$$§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM, 341

areole in a series between the midrib and edge, with one sorus in each.—JZ&. Sp.
4, p. 18.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia to Ecuador; Guinea Coast.—P. semipinnatifidum,
Mett., is a variety with larger sori, and the frond not at all glaucous, and sometimes
deeply lobed. The Guinea plant is P. Jrvingti, Kuhn.

** Fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 229-231,

229. P. (Gonioph.) Mutthewsii, Mett.; st. 4-6 in. 1., clothed with deciduous
soft spreading brown hairs ; /r. pendent, 6-18 in. 1., 2-5 in. br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into numerous entire pinnew 1-3 in. L, 2-8 lin. br., with generally a
broad rounded sinus between them ; texture coriaceous; under surface clothed
with hairs like those of the stem; veins obscure; areole@ and sori in a single
series—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 20.

Hab. Andes, from Columbia to Peru.—A well-marked species, characterized by its very
pendulous habit and coriaceous texture.

280. P. (Gonioph.) néponicum, Mett. ; st. stramineous; fr. 5 in. 1., 13 in. br.,
sublanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into about 20 pairs of spreading
linear-oblong entire obtuse pinnae, of which the lowest are free, slightly reduced
and -deflexed ; texture papyraceous ; both sides densely pubescent ; areol@ in a
single series; sori in a row near the midrib,— Mert. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 222.

Hab, Japan, Siebold, Buerger.

231. P. (Gonioph.) amanum, Wall.; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
spreading fibrillose dull-brown scales ; sf. 6-12 in. lL, firm, erect, naked; /r. 1-2
ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous entire or slightly-
toothed pinne 3-6 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., narrowed gradually from the base to an
acute point, the lowest pair deflexed ; feature firm, herbaceous; both sides

naked, or the rachis beneath rather scaly ; arcole and sori in a single series.—
Aik, Sp. 5. p. 24,

Hab. N. India (up to 10,000 ft.) and Formosa.
**® Fronds pinnate. Sp. 232-260.
A. Pinne close, dilated and casually confluent at the base. Sp. 282-244.

232. P. (Gonioph.) trilobum, Cav. ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate-acuminate,
reddish ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; /r.6-12 in. 1., subdeltoid, with a linear
entire or slightly toothed terminal pinna, and 1-8 similar distant ones on each
side, the lowest 3-4 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., sometimes forked ; tewtwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; sori and areolw uniserial, the former oblong, quite
immersed.—_HZ&. Sp. 5. p, 22.

Hab, Chili.

233. P. (Gonioph.) ensiforme, Thunb. ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, ferru-
ginous, fimbriated ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, naked ; /r. 6-12 in. L, 4-6 in. br.,
with a ligulate terminal pinna 3-4 in. 1. 4 in. br., and several distant similar
erecto-patent ones on each side, which are decurrent at the base ; texture very
thick ; both sides naked; veins immersed; areole uniserial, the sori large,
distinctly immersed.—Hk, Sp. 5. p. 28.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.
234. P. (Gonioph.) californicum, Kaulf. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
spreading, lanceolate, ferruginous ; s¢. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-9 in. L,

3-5 in. br., oblong-deltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into entire or
finely-toothed pinne 14-25 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., lowest not reduced ; texture papyraceo-

‘

A342 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§$§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

herbaceous ; groups of veins usually joining once; soré large, in single rows
near the midrib.— H/&. Sp. 5. p. 18, (not Mett.). ;

Hab. California.—P. intermedium, H. & A., is a form with the groups of veins uniting
but rarely, This and the next are very like P. vulgare in general habit.

285. P. (Gonioph.) Scouleri, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the
scales lanceolate, spreading, dull-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; /7.
6-12 in. L., 4-8in. br., cut down to the rachis into close blunt subentire pinnae
4-2 in. br. ; tevture very coriaceous ; both sides naked; groups of veins uniting
‘once ; sori very large, in a single row close to the midrib.— H&. Sp. 5. p. 19.
H. & Gr. t. 56. P. pachyphyllum, Eaton. P. carnosum, Kellogg. :

Hab. Vancouver's Island, Oregon, British Columbia.—The specimens figured are very
small compared with those of Professor Eaton,

286. P. (Gonioph.) patens, J. Sm.; rhizome stout, the scales fibrillose, bright-
ferruginous, cvi. ped ; st. 2-4 in. L, firm, stramineous, naked; fr. 6-12 in. 1, sub-
deltoid, with a linear entire terminal pimna and 3-4 similar ones on each side,
which are 3-5 in. 1, 8-4 in. br., narrowed gradually from the base to the apex ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areole and soré in a single series.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 28.

Hab. Panama, Seemann, 25.

287. P. (Gonioph.) translucens, Kunze ; rhizome stout, the scales large, lan-
ceolate, ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
subdeltoid, with an irregularly crenated terminal pinna 3-4 in. 1., 4-2 in. br.,
and several close similar ones on each side which are sometimes connected at the
base ; feature papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins distinct,
the areole in one principal row, with the sord some distance from the midrib.
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 22.

Hab. Juan Fernandez.

238. P. (Gonioph.) lachnopus, Wall. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed
with spreading black bristly scales; st. 2-4 in. 1, slender, naked; jr. flaccid,
12-18 in, 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into spreading
slightly-toothed pinne 13-2 in. L, 4 in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both
sides naked or the rachis beneath slightly scaly ; areole and sord in a single
series.—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 25. 2nd Cent. t. 52.

Hab. N. India, up to 11,000 ft.

289. P. (Gonioph.) pubescens, Hk. & Gr.3 rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading ; st. 4-8 in. 1, naked, stramineous ; /r. 6-12 in. 1, 3-4in. .
br., cut down to the rachis into numerous spreading nearly entire pinnae 1}-2 in.
1, 2-4 in. br., the lowest pair deflexed, rather reduced ; teatwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side slightly glandular and hairy ; veins fine; areole and sort
generally in a single series.—Z&. Sp. 5.p.19. Hk. & Gr. t, 182.

Hab. Andes of Peru.

240. P. (Gonioph.) plesiosorum, Kunze; rhizome stout, the scales ovate or
lanceolate, dense, reddish ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 46
in. br., cut down to the rachis into close entire pinne 3-4 in. br., narrowed
gradually upwards, dilated slightly on both sides at the base; teature herba-
ceous ; areole usually in two rows, the prominent sori in a single row close to
the midrib.—P. loriceum, Hh, Sp. 5. p. 21. (in part), P. rhodopleuron, gona-
todes and colpodes, Kze,

Hab, Mexico to Venezuela,—Differs from P. loricewm by its shorter aud broader frond,

48, POLYPODIUM, §§§§§$ GONLOPHLEBIUM. 343

more herbaceous texture, and larger almost constantly uniserial sori, The Mexican
P. appendiculatum, Klotzsch (Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 87), non Wallich, is apparently a form of this
more delicate in texture, with the veins and rachis tinged with bright-red.

241. P. (Gonioph.) Jasiopus, Klotzsch; rhizome stout, the scales dense,
squarrose, ovate-acuminate, dark-brown ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous ;
jr. 8-12 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close bluntish entire pinne
din. br., slightly dilated at the base; tecture herbaceous; both sides finely
villose ; sori prominent, uniserial— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 21.

Hab. Venezuela.— Very near the preceding.

242. P. (Gonioph.) Catharine, F.& L.; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
spreading, dark-brown, ovate-acuminate ; sf. 4-6 in. 1. erect, naked, glossy ; fr.
6-12 in. I., 3-5 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close blunt spreading subentire
pinne 14-8 in. 1., +4 in. br., the lowest pair shorter and deflexed ; texture sub-
coriaceous, colour dark-green ; both sédes naked; main veins } in. apart, with
generally two areola between the edge and midrib; sori large, in single rows
close to the midrib.—_H&. Sp. 5. p. 20 (not J. Sm.).

Hab. Brazil.—Very doubtfully distinct from the next species.

243. P. (Gonioph.) loricem, L.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales
black in the centre, with a scuriose border ; st. 4-6 in. 1., sometimes ebeneous 5
jr. 12-18 in. L, 4-6 in. br.; pinne close, 2-3 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., subentire, some-
times falcate, dilated at the base on the upper side; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides usually naked ; veins very distinct, the areolee generally in
two distinct rows, with the small sori often in both.—Hké. Sp. 5. p. 21.8,
P. latipes, U. & F. t. 103 larger, as coriaceous but less rigid ; pinne much
dilated cn both sides at the base ; veins less distinct ; scales ovate, dense, dull-
brown.—P. Catherine, J. Sm. (not L.& F.) P. harpeodes and vacillans, Link
(fide Moore).

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Chili—From this we cannot distinguish
clearly P. dasypleuron and Falcaria (Kze.) and latum (Raddi). P. pectinatum (J. Sm.)
is smaller and more delicate, with close narrow acute pinne, densely fibrillose bright
ferruginous scales and constantly uniserial sori. P. punctulatum, Hk. Ie. t. 720 (P. Cala-
guvala, Fée), resembles this in its slender pectinate habit and uniserial sori, but is more
rigid in texture.

244, P. (Gonioph.) eleutherophlebium, Mett.; rhizome creeping, the scales
dense, ovate-lanceolate, brown; s¢.4 in. 1.3 fr. 7 in. 1, 4 in. br., ovate-deltoid,
cut down nearly to the rachis above, quite below, into linear-oblong obtuse
erenate or irregularly pinnatifid pinne 2 in. 1., 3 in. br., with blunt rounded
lobes ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; sori large, uniserial Met. Polyp. p. 75.

Hab. Venezuela, Funck and Schlim, 1102.—We have not seen this, and are indebted
to Mettenius for the description.

B. Most of the pinne distinctly separated at the base. Sp. 245-260.

245. P. (Gonioph.) chacapoyense, Hk. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., firm, naked, reddish ; fr.
1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., with a linear entire terminal pinnae 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br., and
several smaller blunt close erecto-patent similar ones on each side ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and under side slightly villose ; areole and veins in a single
row.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 29. t. 281.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 3279.

246. P. (Gonioph.) surrucuchense, Hk. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
spreading grey lanceolate scales; st. 6-12 in. 1, firm, naked, glossy ; fr. 1-2 ft.

344 48. poLyPopIuM, §§{§§§ GoNIOPHLEBIUM.

1, 8-12 in. br. ; pinnw numerous, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., ¢-2 in. br., the edge
entire, the base subcuneate ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both sides naked ;
areole and prominent sori in a single series —Hé&. Sp. 5. p. 80. Jc. t, 69.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.

247. P. (Gonioph.) plectolepis, Hk.; rhizome stout, the scales squarrose, lan-
ceolate, ferruginous ; s¢. 6-12 in. 1, firm, stramineous, glossy ; /7. 1-2 ft. 1,
1 ft. br.; pinne numerous, spreading, 4-6 in. l., 4-§ in. br., narrowed gradually
from the base to the point, the edge distinctly crenate ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely pubescent; areolw and sori in a single
series.—k, Sp. 5. p. 30.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

248, P. (Gonioph.) chnoodes, Spreng. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
soft, spreading dull-brown subulate scales; s¢. 4-6 in. 1, erect, slender, naked ;
fr. drooping, 1-2 ft. 1., 4-9 in. br., cut down to the rachis into distinct entire
falcate opposite pinnae 2-4 in. 1, ra in. br., cordate at the base ; texture papy-
raceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides glandular and pubescent ; e@reole and
sori in 2-3 series—P. dissimile, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 25.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela.—The synonym of P. dissimile, Linn., is doubtful ;
Schkuhr and Grisebach refer it to our P. sororium.

249. P, (Gonioph.) persicefolium, Desv.; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
small, linear, dull-brown ; s¢. 6-12 in. 1, firm, naked, subebeneous ; 7. 2-8 ft. L.,
8-12 in, br., decurved ; pinne distant, 4-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the apex acuminate,
the edge slightly toothed, the base narrowed gradually and the lower ones
distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areol@ in
about 3 rows, the soré uniserial, distinctly immersed. P. cuspidatum, Blume.
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 32.

Hab. Java.—Very near to P. subauriculatum, from which it may be best known by the
pinnz being narrowed at the base, and the lower ones distinctly stalked. P. grandidens,
Kze., appears to be a more deeply toothed form.

250. P. (Gonioph.) Beddomei, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
subulate, reddish-brown ; /7. 18 in. 1., 7-8 in. br.; pinne 3-4 in. 1., 4 in. br., the
edge deeply crenated, sometimes auricled at the base on the upper side, all
sessile, the upper ones more or less adnate’; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides rather densely clothed with soft whitish hairs ; areole in 2-3 rows, the soré
uniserial.—Gonioph. molle, Beddome, Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 206.

Hab. Burmah, Rev. C. S. Parish.

251. P. (Gonioph.) subauriculatum, Blume; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed
with small dull-brown linear scales ; sé. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, glossy ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, decurved ; pinnae 4-6 in. L, 4-1 in.
br., the edge entire or slightly toothed, sessile, the hase rounded or even auricled ;
texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areol@ in 2-3
rows, the sor uniserial, distinctly immersed.—Hé, Sp. 5. p. 32.

Hab. East Himalayas (Khasia, &c:), Malaccas, Philippines, Fiji, Samoa, N. Caledonia,
Queensland.—G. serratifolium, Brack., is a deeply-toothed herbaceous form, and P, Rein-
wardizi, Kunze, is crenate instead of dentate,

252. P. (Gonioph.) verrucosum, WallL!; st. 13-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, terete, naked ;
Jr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; pinne numerous, distant, 6-8 in. 1., $-2in. br., quite entire ;
texture coriaceous; rachis and both sides naked or slightly hairy ; areole in

48, POLYPODIUM, §$§§§§§ GoNIOPHLEDBIUM. 345

several rows ; sori confined to the inner one, firm, immersed, so as to form very
distinct papille on the upper side.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 31.—G. F. t. 41.

Hab. Philppines and Malaccas.—This and the two preceding form the genus Schellolepis
of J. Smith.

253. P. (Gonioph.) Korthalsii, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales small,
reddish-brown, subulate, ciliated; st. 5-G in. 1, smooth, reddish-brown; /r.
12-15 in. 1., 1 ft. br.; pinne lax, spreading, sessile, 5-7 in. 1., 1-14 in. br.,
lanceolate-acuminate, the base cuneate, the edge slightly crenate ; teature sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; areo/@ in 3-4 and the sori in 1-3
rows.—Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 223.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals.—Differs from the three preceding by its multiserial sori.
P. Lampongense, Zoll., may be the same, but the pinne are said to be cordate or even
subauriculate at the base.

254. P. (Gonioph.) attenuatum, H.B.K.; rhizome stout, the scales grey,
ovate-acuminate, spreading ; sf. firm, erect, 6-12 in. l., glossy, naked; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous erecto-patent entire
pinne 4-6 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., which are dilated at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; areol@ in 8 or 4 rows; sori slightly immersed in

ee 2 rows.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 24. (non R. Br.) P. xiphophoron and gladiatum,
26.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador.—Very near the next, with which Grisebach
unites it. The pinne are closer, narrower, and dilated, sometimes confluent at the base,
and the sori mostly uniserial.

255. P. (Gonioph.) neriifolium, Schk.; rhizome stout, the scales grey, lan-
ceolate, spreading; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, glossy ; fr. 1-3 ft. ]., 1 ft. or more br.,
with an entire or slightly sinuated terminal pinna 4-8 in. 1., Fis in. br.,
and numerous similar ones on each side, which are narrowed at the base, the
lowest sometimes stalked ; feature coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; vers
beneath prominent ; areole in 2-6 rows between the midrib and edge, the
immersed sori 1-3 serial. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 28.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.—G. intermedium and acuminatum,
Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 18-19, appear to belong here. Apparently this is P. brasiliense, Poir.,
and if so, that name has priority.

256. P. (Gonioph.) guatemalense, Hk.; st. 6-12 in. 1, naked, stramineous ;
fr. 2-8 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with an entire terminal pinna 6-8 in. 1, 1-13 in.
by., and several similar ones on each side, the upper ones narrowed but adnate
at the base; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; areol@ in
series of 3-4, the large uniserial sori in the first or second row.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 29.
Phiebodium inequale, Moore.

Hab. Guatemala, Skinner.—In this there is occasionally a costal areole inside the one
that contains the sorus, but the free veinlet which bears the latter is always simple.

257. P. (Gonioph.) cordatum, Kze.; rhizome stout, clothed with spreading
linear scales ; st. 1 ft. or more 1. strong, quite naked; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in.
br. ; pinne in numerous opposite pairs, 4-5 in. ]., 2-1 in. br., the edge entire, the
point acute, the base very cordate; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; @reol@ irregular except the inner series; soré in 1-2 rows, immersed.—
Mett. Polyp. p. 85.

Hab. Peru.
258. P. (Gonioph.) adnatum, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy, naked ; fr. 14-8

ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with an entire oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1, 14-2 in.
2x

346 48. poLypopium, §§§§§§ GoNIOPHLEBIUM.

br., and several similar lateral ones on each side, the upper ones broadly adnate
to the rachis at the base ; tetwre subcoriaceous ; raches and both sides naked ;
main veins } in, apart; areole and sori in rows of 4-6 between the midrib and
edge.—Hk, Sp. 5. p. 27.

Hab. Guatemala to Guiana and Galapagos.—Differs from the next by its more herba-
ceous texture and adnate upper pinne. P. Richardi, Klotzsch, is a pubescent form.

259. P. (Gonioph.) frawinifolium, Jacq. ; rhizome stout, clothed with deciduous,
spreading, dark-brown, linear-subulate scales ; s¢. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked ;
Jr. 2-4 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., with numerous distinct pimn@ on each side, which are
4-9 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the base narrowed ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins 4 in. apart ; areolw and sort
in series of 6-8.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 26.

Hab. Columbia to Brazil and Peru.—P. rhizocaulon, Willd., is a wide-scandent variety,
thinner in texture than the ordinary form, and thus intermediate between it and the
preceding. This includes several species of cultivators,

260. P. (Gonioph.) meniscitfolium, L. & F.; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked ;
Jr. 2-8 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br., with an entire terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 14-2 in.
br., and numerous similar ones on each side, -all narrowed to the base ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; main veins 4 in. apart ; areole and
sori in rows of about 4, the latter immersed and prominent on the upper side.—
lk, Sp. 5. p. 27.

Hab. Panama, Trinidad, Brazil. Probably neriifolium, var.

** Under surface densely clothed with small scales. Lepicystis, J. Sm
Sp. 261—263.

261. P. (Gonioph.) incanum, Sw.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
small, dense, dull-brown, fibrillose ; st. 1-4 in. I., firm, erect, furfuraceous ; fr. 2-4
in. L, 1-1} in. br., cut down to the rachis into subdistant spreading entire blunt
pinne 1-13 lin. br., dilated at the base ; teatwre coriaceous ; under side densely
scaly ; veens united or frequently free ; sor? uniserial—Hk, Sp. 4, p. 209. P.
Eckloni, Aze. Hh. 1. ¢.

Hab. Ohio to Uraguay and Chili ; Cape Colony, Natal, Zambesi-land.

262. P. (Gonioph.) lepidopteris, Kze.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with grey or reddish scales; st. 1-4 in. 1., rigid, erect, densely scaly ;
fr. 6-18 in, 1., 14-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into horizontal entire pinne
2-3 lin. br., the lower reduced very gradually ; tewtwre very thick ; both sides
clothed, the lower very thickly, with ferruginous or white hairs and scales; veins
hidden ; soré copious. —Hk. Sp. 4. p. 212.—8, P. sepultum, Kaulf.; fr. ovate-
lanceolate; lower pinne scarcely reduced.—y, P. rufulum, Presl; scales of
rhizome bright reddish-brown ; pimne@ 2 in. br., blunt, much twisted. .

Hab. Mexico to Galapagos, Peru, and Rio Janeiro.

263. P. (Gonioph.) sguamatum, L.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
adpressed lanceolate scales; st. 6-12 in. 1, rigid, erect, scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. L,
2-4 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into entire bluntish pinne
1-2 in. 1., 13-8 lin. br., with a considerable space between them, ‘dilated and
often united at the base 3 rachis and under surface densely coated with minute
membranous ovate-acuminate squarrose scales; veinlets obscure 3 sord large,
copious.— Hz. Sp. 4. p. 209.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Peru.—P. tridens, Kze., from the Galapagos, appears
to be a luxuriant state of this with forked pinne,

48, POLYPoDIUM, $$§§§§§ PHLEBODIUM, §$$§$§§§ camPYLoNEURON. 347

§§§§§§§ Phlebodium, &. Br. Veins forming ample regular areole, each with
two or more distinct free included veinlets, which bear the sori on their united
points, the costal series of areole being always destitute of sort. Tas, 48. fig. g.

- Sp. 264-266,

264, P. (Phleb.) nigripes, Hk. ; rhizome stout, the scales black and rigid, with
a deciduous membranous ferruginous edge; st. nearly 1 ft. 1, firm, erect,
slightly scaly ; fr. 1 ft. L, 6-7 in br., cut down nearly or below quite to the
rachis into pinnew }-§ in. br., which are slightly crenate towards the bluntish
point ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface furfuraceous ; sori in single rows on
each side the midrib.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 17.

Hab. Venezuela, Fender, 247. United by Kuhn with plebetum,

265. P. (Phleb.) aureum, L.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed
with bright ferruginous linear-subulate soft scales; st. 1-2 ft. 1, stout, erect,
naked, glossy ; fr. 3-5 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with a long linear-lanceolate terminal
lobe, and cut throughout within 3-32 in. of the rachis into numerous horizontal
entire or slightly undulated lateral pinnw 4-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br., with a
rounded sinus between; texture subcoriaceous; both sides naked, slightly
glaucous; areole copious, both the fertile and barren ones with free veinlets ;
sori irregularly 1-3 serial—6, P. areolatum, H. B. K.; jr. smaller, more
coriaceous, very glaucous, the lobes closer, the sord uniserial and barren areolee
with no free veinlets.—P. sporadocarpum, Willd.—y, P. pulvinatum, Link ; like
8 in sori and venation, but the frond hardly at all glaucous and the terminal
lobe very small.—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 16,

Hab. Florida and Mexico southward to Brazil, and reported by Dr. Mueller from
Australia.— C. trilobata, Fée, is a dwarf form with only three lobes. A plant from Spruce
(Andes of Ecuador, 5240), agreeing with the small forms of this with uniserial sori in
habit and texture, has the sori usually terminal on a free veinlet in the costal areole, as
in typical Goniophlebium, but occasionally a short veinlet is carried from the centre of the
one that bears the sorus to the next above it, which springs from the midrib, as in
P. guatemalense, and as represented in the figure by Mettenius of P. plewrosorum, Kze. ;
so that we have then a venation midway between that of Goniophlebiwm and Philebodi
proper.

266. P. (Phleb.) decumanum, Willd. ; rhizome stout, the scales bright-ferru-
ginous, soft ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect, glossy ; /r. 1-3 ft. 1, 1-2 ft. br., cut down
nearly, or below quite, to the rachis into nearly entire ligulate-oblong pinne often
1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; main veins parallel, 2-3 lines apart, with two sets of areole about 6 deep
between them, each containing a sorus terminating 2 or 3 free veinlets.—Hik,
Sp.5.p.1%7. C. dictyocallis, £ée.

Hab. New Granada and Guiana to. Brazil and Peru.

§§$§S$S§ Campyloneuron, Prest. Primary veins distinct from the midrib to
the edge, connected by parallel straight or curved transverse veinlets, the areole
similar, containing 2 or more sori, the free veinlets all directed towards the edge.
Tas. 48.f.j. Sp. 267-296.

* Surfaces naked. Sp. 267-275.
t+ Fronds simple. Sp. 267-278.

267. P. (Camp.) angustifolium, Sw.; rhizome stout, epigeeous, clothed with
deciduous brown lanceolate scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4 in. br., quite entire, the
point acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually into a generally short stem ;
teuture coriaceous ; both sides naked, the edges often revolute ; veos immersed,
often obscure; aréole and sort in 1-4 rows between the midrib and edge, the

348 48, POLYPODIUM, §$$§§$§§ CAMPYLONEURON, ~— -

latter in 2 rows between the main veins.—8, P. ensifolium, Willd. ; /”. very
narrow, sessile, the areole and sori in 1 row between the edge and midrib,—
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 40.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and Brazil.—Very variable. The broadest form
(P. amphostemon, Kze.) is about 1 in. br. with 4 rows of sori, whilst the narrowest
(P. solutum, Klotzsch) has sometimes only uniserial areole with a single sorus in each, on
a free veinlet, as in Goniophlebium.

268. P. (Camp.) lucidum, Beyr. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. short, firm, erect ;
/r. 6-12 in. 1, 4-3 in. br., narrowed to both ends, the edge entire ; texture rigid ;
both sides very glossy ; veins immersed, hidden ; areole in 2-8 irregular rows ;
the soré not copious and confined to the upper part of the frond.—HZ&. Sp. 5.
p.4l. BP. nitidum, Ful. Ev, t. 12. (non Kaulf.).

Hab. Venezuela and Brazil.—Very near the last, with which Mettenius unites it.

269. P. (Camp.) sphenodes, Kze.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the linear
scales spreading, soon falling; st. 4-6 in. L, stramineous, glossy, wiry ; /7. 4-8
in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the apex very cuspidate, the lower part narrowed gradually,
the edge thickened and wavy ; teatwe coriaceous; both sides naked ; areole in
rows of 6-8 between the midrib and edge, with 2 small distinct sori in each.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 42. t, 282.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.—This and the next are known from the other species
by their more distinct stems. bs

270. P. (Camp.) coarctatum, Kunze; rhizome wide-creeping; sf. 5 in. 1.;
Jr. 1 ft. 1, 2-3 in. br., oblong, the point acuminate or cuspidate, the base
narrowed gradually ; teztwre coriaceous; both sides naked ; areole in rows of
12-15 between the midrib and edge, with two sori in each.—Jett. Polyp. p. 84.

Hab. Peru, Poppig.—We have not seen this, and are indebted to Mottenius for the
description. :

271. P. (Camp.) Jevigatum, Cavan.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales spreading, lanceolate, dark-brown ; st. 1-6 in. L., firm, erect ; fr. 6-18 in. 1.,
3-14 in. br., the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the
edge subentire ; texture coriaceous ; main veins not distinct to the edge, with 3-5
areole between the midrib and edge, with one or two sori in each.—P. fasciale,
Willd. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 41. P. lapathifolium, Poir.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Brazil and Ecuador.—The venation ranges
between that of Campyl on and Gontophlebium, being sometimes more like one,
sometimes the other. C. minus and cubense, Fée, seem to belong here.

272. P. (Camp.) repens, L. ; rhizome slender but firm, wide-creeping, tortuous,
the scales eS eee st. scattered, 1-5-in, 1., firm; /r. 6-18 in. L, 1-3 in.
br., entire or slightly sinuated, the point acute, the base narrowed very gradually ;
texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, opaque; main veins
often wavy, distinct nearly or quite to the edge ; areole in rows of 5-10 between
the midrib and edge, with 2 sori in each.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 89.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies to Peru and Brazil.—Distinguished from the preceding
by its regular areolation and sori, from the next, with which Grisebach unites it, by its
thinner substance, less prominent veins and usually longer stem. P. nitidwm, Kaulf.,
differs from this by its more rigid texture and glossy surfaces, and P. Lindigit, Mett.,
has paraphyses intermixed amongst the capsules and persistent lanceolate scales.

273. P. (Camp.) Phyllitidis, L.; rhizome. stout, hypogeous, clothed with
deciduous cordate brownish scales; s¢. scattered or_subtufted, short, or some-
times none ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1. 1-4 in. br., the point acute, the lower part narrowed

48. POLYPODIUM, §§$$$$§§ cAMPYLONEURON. 349

very gradually ; the edge entire or slightly sinuated; tevture rigid, very
coriaceous; both Sides naked, often with cretaceous dots above; main veins
straight, very prominent, distinct to the edge; arco/w in rows of 6-12 between
the midrib and edge, with usually 2 sori in each.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 38.

Hab. Florida to 8. Brazil, common.—C. latwm, Moore, is a large broad-leaved variety
with often 3 sori in the areole. P. nitidissimum, Mett., in the specimens we have
seen has a very glossy frond, st. 5-6 in, 1., and lanceolate-acuminate scales,

tt Fronds pinnate. Sp. 274-5.

274. P. (Camp.) decurrens, Raddi; rhizome wiry, rather slender, the scales
deciduous ; sf. G-12 in. 1., firm, naked; f. usually with several erecto-patent
pinne on each side, which are 8-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the
base narrowed, the edge nearly: entire; ¢eatwre subcoriaceous ; colour dark-
green ; both sides glossy ; areole about 6 between the midrib and edge, with 2-3
sori in each.— Hi, Sp. 5. p. 42.

Hab. Brazil and Peru.

275. P. (Camp.) Fendlert, Eaton ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with large
lanceolate greyish-brown scales; st. 13-2 ft. 1., strong, naked, glossy ; fr. with
several erecto-patent pimn@ on each side, which are 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., the
point cuspidate, the base narrowed, the edge entire ; teature coriaceous ; colour
pale-green ; both szdes glossy ; veins raised, very distinct ; the areole in rows of
8-12 between midrib and edge, with 3-4 sori in each.—C. magnificum, Moore.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 231, 410. New Granada, Lindig, 307, Triana,

** Under surface matted with woolly or cottony tomentum. Niphobolus, Auct.
Tas. 48. fig. k. 1. Sp. 276-296.

+ Tomentum thin, adpressed. Sp. 276-284,

276. P. (Niph.) confluens, R. Br.; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, clothed
with squarrose fibrillose ferruginous scales; st. #-4in.1.; fr. dimorphous, the
sterile ones orbicular or oblong, the fertile ones longer and narrower, about
1 in. 1., } in. br., the edge quite entire ; teature coriaceous; upper surface naked,
lower with dense glossy subferruginous tomentum ; veins quite hidden; sord im-
mersed but prominent, sometimes covering the whole surface.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 46.

Hab. Temperate E. Australia.—According to Prentice, this, not the next, iP. zy-
pestre, R. Br. Cea :

277. P. (Niph.) serpens, Forst. (non Sw.); rhizome wide-creeping, firm,
clothed with linear-acuminate ferruginous scales ; st, 3-3 in. 1, firm, erect ; 7/7.
dimorphous, the barren ones round or elliptical, the fertile ones longer and
narrower, 4-6 in 1., 3-3 in. br.; séeature coriaceous; upper surface scattered,
lower densely coated with close whitish or.subferruginous tomentum ; veins
quite hidden; sorz large, prominent, scattered, ultimately covering the whole
‘of the upper part of the frond.—P. rupestre, R.Br. Zk. Sp. 5. p. 46 (in part).
Hk. & Gr. t. 44. 98.

Hab, Australia and New Zealand, eastward to the Society Islands.—Differs from
P. glabrum, Mett., by its broader barren fronds and copious irregularly scattered sori.
The Tahiti plant is P. tricholepis, Mett,

278. P. (Niph.) adnascens, Sw.; rhizome firm, but slender, the scales linear,
deciduous ; st. g-1 in. 1., firm, erect; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones elliptical
or spathulate, blunt, the fertile ones longer and narrower, 6-12 in. 1., 4-4 in. br.;
texture coriaceous; upper surface naked, lower thinly coated with whitish
tomentum in the barren but more densely in the fertile part beneath; veins
hidden; soré small, bright-coloured, immersed, occupying the whole of the

350 48. PoLyPopIuM, §§§§§§§§ NIPUOBOLUS.

contracted upper part of the frond.— Hk. Sp.5.p. 47. G. £4.19. P. spissum,
Bory, Hk. p. 48.

Hab. N. India and Chusan to Ceylon and Fiji; Mascaren Isles, Cameroon Mountains.
—. varius, Blume, is a large variety with the barren and fertile fronds similar, 4-3
in. br., and often nearly naked beneath. P. Kenigi, Bl., a small form with uniform
narrow linear fronds, and N. levis, J. Sm., a form with glabrous uniform fronds,

279. P. (Niph.) acrostichoides, Forst. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, clothed
with roundish adpressed scales, black in the centre; st. 1-3 in. 1. firm, erect ;
jr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-1 in. br., ligulate, narrowed very gradually below ; teature very
coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower clothed with thin dirty white tomen-
tum; sori bright-coloured, not immersed, small, close, covering the whole of the
upper part of the frond.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 44. (in part).

Hab. Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines, New Hebrides, Queensland. — Distinguished
from the last by its larger size, more rigid texture, and sori not buried in tomentum.
M. Deplanche sends from the Loyalty Isles a form twice dichotomously forked.

280. P. (Niph.) Lingua, Sw.; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with spreading
lanceolate ferruginous scales; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect; fr. uniform, 4-8 in. L,
1-4 in. br., the apex often cuspidate, the base narrowed or rather rounded,.
the edge entire; teature coriaceous; upper surface naked, lower matted with
close compact cottony subferruginous down; main veins distinct to the edge ;
sori rather large and prominent, in close rows of 4-6 each between them.—A,
Sp. 5. p. 49.

Hab. N. India (up to 5,000 ft.) and Japan to Ceylon and the Malay Isles.—Well
marked by its decided stem and comparatively short broad frond.

281. P. (Niph.) spherostichum, Mett.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales ovate, acuminate, brown, crisped; sf. 2-3 in. 1, firm, erect; 7. uniform,
4-5 in. ]., 1 in. br, oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed
suddenly ; tevture coriaceous; under surface very thinly matted ; main veins
distinct to the edge; sort confluent, covering the whole under surface.—Mett.
Polyp. p. 130.

Hab. Luzon, Cwming, 127.—Like the last in habit, but the sori multi- instead of
uniserial between the transverse veinlets,

282. P. (Niph.) tricuspe, Swz.; rhizome stout, the scales grey, lanceolate ;
st. 6-8 in. L., firm, erect ; /r. hastate, 2-4 in. each way, the central lobe lanceolate-
deltoid, the lateral ones spreading, distinctly auricled at the base; éesture
coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted; sori minute, in rows
of 3-4 between the main veins, of 9-12 between the midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 44.

Hab. Japan and Korea.—The only species of the group of which the frond is not
quite entire,

283. P. (Niph.) stigmosum, Sw.; rhizome short-creeping, the scales ferru-
ginous, fibrillose ; st. subtufted, 1-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, 1-3 in. br.;
the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed gradually, the edge entire ; texture
subcoriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, the lower coated with thin grey-ferruginous
tomentum ; main veins distinct to the edge; the soré in several rows between
the transverse veinlets, very small, quite continuous, sometimes covering the
whole frond except the very base.—P. costatum, Wall, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 50. Apa-
lophlebia, Presi.

Hab. N. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Malay Peninsula and Isles, New Guinea. —This

and the next may be readily distinguished from the rest of the group by the much larger
size of their fronds. The Himalayan plant (P. costatum, Wall.) is less distinctly stalked

ye

48, poLypopium, §§§§§{§§ NIPHOBOLUs. 351

than the type and narrowed more gradually below, and P. princeps, Mett., from New
Guinea, has the scales divided at the point into 3-4 cilie, and is thinner in texture, with
more adpressed tomentum, and more numerous sori and areola,

284. P. (Niph.) subfurfuraceum, Hk.; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with
deciduous ferruginous fibrillose scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 13-2 ft. 1.,
4-5 in, br., the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed gradually, the edge.
entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower with thin glaucous tomen-
tum ; main veins distinct to the edge, connected by arched areola, with 1 or 2
irregular rows of 6 to 10 sori in each.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 52.

Hab. Mishmee and Bhootan, Griffith.

tt Tomentum thicker, more woolly, and looser. Sp. 285-296.

285. P. (Niph.) nummulariefolium, Mett.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping,
filiform, clothed with bright-ferruginous fibrillose scales; s¢. erect, 7-1 in. I.,
often scaly ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones roundish or elliptical, the fertile
ones longer and narrower, 13-2 in. 1., $-$ in. br. 5 texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked, lower densely coated with loose ferruginous woolly tomentum ;
main veins distinct, connected by 4 to 6 arched areole ; sori close, scattered, some-
times covering the whole surface.—k&. Sp. 5. p.54. Galeoglossa, Presi.

Hab. N,. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Philippines, Malaccas.—P. obovatum,
Mett., is said to be like this, but to have the fertile fronds similar in shape to the barren
ones, and both obovate-oblong.

286. P. (Niph.) floccigerum, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales squarrose,
lanceolate-acuminate, bright-ferruginous ; sf. very short; fr. 6-12 in. 1, $4
in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; ¢extwre rigid, coria-
ceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted with subferruginous tomen-
tum ; veins hidden ; sori immersed amongst the tomentum, covering the whole
upper part of the frond.— H&. Sp. 5.p.45. Antrophyum niphoboloides, Zé. Sp. 5.
p. 94.

Hab. N. India, Philippines, Malaccas.—Most like N. porosum, but the frond much
narrower and texture more rigid.

287. P. (Niph.) fissum, Baker ; rhizome stout, short-creeping, the scales dense,
spreading, lanceolate, ferruginous ; sf. none, or very short; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-15
in. br., narrowed very gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture subcori-
aceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely coated with soft woolly ferruginous
tomentum ; veins hidden ; sor close, scattered, immersed amongst the tomentum.
—Niphobolus, BZ. P. porosum, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 48.

Hab. Himalayas (5-6,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java,—Characterized by its strapshaped
subsessile fronds, very woolly beneath,

288. P. (Niph.) flocculosum, Don ; rhizome short, the scales linear-subulate, pale-
ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. ]., firm, erect, cottony upwards ; 7. 6-18 in. 1., 3-14 in. br.,
narrowed very gradually to both ends ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked,
lower densely matted with close glaucous or subferruginous tomentum ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; sor7 small, bright-coloured, in straight rows of 4 to 6
each between them.—P. detergibile, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 49.

Hab. N. India, ascending to 5,000 ft.

289. P. (Niph.) africanum, Mett. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with large
grey ovate scales; fr. subsessile, 6-12 in. ]., 3-14 in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely
coated with close nearly white woolly tomentum ; veins immersed ; sord close,

352 A8. PoLyropiuM, §§§$§§§§§ NIPHOBOLUS.

bright-coloured, spread over the whole upper part of the frond, sunk in the tomen-
tum.—Hé. Sp. 5. p.45. Gynosorium, Presi.

Hab, Kaffraria, Natal, Zambesi-land, Angola, Guinea Coast.—Very near the last, but
smaller and subsessile.

290. P. (Niph.) albicans, Mett.; rhizome stout, clothed with rather large pale
lanceolate scales ; sf. 2-4 in. L, firm, erect, naked ; /r. 1-2 ft. ]., 1-2 in. br., nar-
rowed gradually towards both ends, the edge entire, revolute ; texture very coria-
ceous ; upper surface glabrous, lower densely clothed with ferruginous tomentum ;
veins immersed, hidden, the main ones distinct to the edge ; sor¢ in close rows of
3 to 4 each between them.—Aé. Sp. 5. p. 51.

Hab. Java.—This and the two next are the only densely-tomentose species that are
rigid in texture.

291. P. (Niph.) distichocarpum, Mett.; st. 5 in. 1., firm, erect ; barren /r. 10
in. 1., 14-2 in. br., linear-oblong, narrowed to both ends; fertile /r. 2 ft. 1, 14
in. br., narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends ; feature subcoriaceous ;
upper surface nearly naked, lower tomentose ; main veins 4 lines apart, with the
sori in 2 rows between them, and 5 to 6 areole between the midrib and edge.—
Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 281.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals.—Most like the preceding, from which it may be known by
its biserial sori.

292. P. (Niph.) americanum, Hk. ; rhizome very thick, clothed with large
spreading grey lanceolate scales; st. strong, erect, 1-4 in. 1.; fr. 14-2 ft. 1, $-2
in. br., narrowed very gradually downwards, the edge reflexed ; texture very
coriaceous ; upper surface tomentose when young, naked, bright-green and pitted
when mature, lower densely coated with loose dirty-white woolly tomentum ;
veins quite hidden ; soré large, immersed, in single oblique rows of 4 between the
midrib and edge.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 54,

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce.—Like the last in general habit, but the
sori much larger and only uniserial between the main veins. The only American species
of Niphobolus.

298. P. (Niph.) Gardneri, Mott. ; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with rigid
lanceolate black scales with a brown border ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, naked; fr. 12-18
in. l., 1-14 in. br., narrowed very gradually towards both ends, the edge entire ;
texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted with grey tomen-
tum ; main veins straight ; the sord in close rows of about 4 each between them.—
Hk. Sp. 5.p.51. Ex. Ft. 68.

Hab. Ceylon.—Very like P. stigmosum in general habit, but the sori larger and the
tomentum thicker.

294. P. (Niph.) penangianum, Hk. ; st. very short ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
the point acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge obscurely
undulated ; ¢eztwre papyraceous ; upper surface naked, lower thinly clothed with
fine silky tomentum ; main veins very oblique, distinct to the edge, connected by
nearly straight veinlets ; the areole with 3 to 4 sori in each, the rows close toge-
ther, confined to the upper part of the frond, and the mass falling distinctly short

.of the edge.—H&, Sp. 5. p. 52 (not p.13). Polycampium, Presl.

Hab. Penang, Lady Dalhousie.
295. P. (Niph.) Boothét, Hk.; st. 1 ft. or more 1, firm, erect, with lanceolate

scales at the base ; fr. 15-2 ft. 1, 3-4 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both
ends, the edge entire ; feature coriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, lower with a

48, POLYPODIUM, §§$§$§§S§ PHYMATODES. 353

thick coat of ferruginous tomentum ; main veins distinct to the edge, connected
by arched veinlets ; the ereole containing 2 irregular rows of sori, with 6 to 12
in each.— HA. Sp. 5. p. 53.

Hab. Bhootan, Griffith, Booth.

296. P. (Niph.) nitens, Baker; jr. subsessile, 14-3 ft. 1, 3-4 in. br., the
point cuspidate, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge entire ; teature
subcoriaceous, upper surface with scattered cottony down, lower matted with
ferruginous tomentum and fine silky dark-brown hairs ; main zens straight to
the edge, connected by nearly straight veinlets ; the sori very fine and close, falling
short of the edge.—P. eplendena, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 52, non p. 96. Apalophlebia, Pres/.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 331.

§SS§558 § Phymatodes, Presl (including Pleopeltis, Auct.). Aveole fine, copious,
irregular, the free veinlets spreading in various directions, the sori various in position,
generally on the back of united veinlets. Sp. 297-889. Tas. 48. fig. n.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 297-344.
t Main veins not distinct to the edge. Sp. 297-329.
A. Substance thick, all the veins obscure. Sp. 297-818.
A*. Under surface naked. Sp. 297-812.

297. P. (Phym.) subecostatum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, matted with tomentum,
the scales brown, fibrillose, squarrose ; fr. sessile, 4-8 in. 1., 4 in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire; ¢ezture thick, coriaceous; colour pale-
green ; both sides naked ; no main veins, areole obscure ; sori in single marginal
rows.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 59. t. 273, A.

Hab. Borneo, Lobd.—Midrib upwards indistinct, and distinguished from all its allies
by quite sessile fronds,

298. P. (Phym.) accedens, Blume ; rhizome threadlike, very wide-creeping,
scarcely scaly ; st. very short; fr. dimorphous, the sterile ones oblong, obtuse,
the fertile ones longer and narrower, 2-4 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the. soriferous portion
contracted ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins hidden, no distinct main
veins, areole irregular, with free veinlets ; sori in single rows close to the midrib.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 66.

Hab. Philippines, Malaya and Polynesian Islands.—Characterized by the sori being
confined to the narrowed upper fertile part of the frond.

299. P. (Phym.) rostratum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, the scales
small, fibrillose ; s¢. 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked ; fr. 2-4 in. 1, 4-1 in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins immersed, no distinct main veins, areole fine, copious, with free veinlets ;
ae large, in single rows not far from the midrib— Ask. Sp. 5. p. 66. 2nd

t. t. 53.

Hab. Khasia, Bhootan, and Mishmee ; gathered by Griffith and Drs. Hooker and
Thomson. May be a dimorphic form of Drymoglosswm carnosum.

300. P. (Phym.) geminatum, Schrad.; rhizome stout, very wide-creeping, the
young scales linear, ferruginous ; /r. subsessile, usually in distant pairs, uniform,
entire, 3-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., narrowed towards both ends, but the point often
blunt ; tezture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, the main ones with
copious fine areole betwéen them ; sori in a row midway between the midrib and

2¥

354 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§$§§ PHYMATODES.

edge, distinctly immersed, placed on the connected veinlets.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 36."
Anapeltis, J. Sm.

Hab. Brazil.—Near P. lycopodioides, but thicker in texture, and veins less distinct.

301. P. (Phym.) oodes, Kunze ; rhizome slender, the scales small, fibrillose,
yellowish ; st. distant, slender, naked, 3-4 in. 1. ; /r. 14-24 in. 1., 1-12 in. br., ovate,
entire, the base rounded, hardly decurrent ; tecture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge, with fine areoles and free veinlets ; sorz
rather large, few, scattered.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 71.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 58.

302. P. (Phym.) Schraderi, Mett. ; rhizome firm, short-creeping, the scales black,
fibrillose ; /r. 3-5 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., narrowed gradually upwards and below into
a short stem or the base, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; no main veins ;
areole fine, irregular, with free veinlets ; sorz large, in a single row on each side
close to the midrib. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 59.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.

803. P. (Phym.) Cunninghami, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales large,
lanceolate, dull-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. L., 8-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
entire, the widest part above halfway down, from which it is narrowed gradually
to the-base or a short stem ; texture coriaceous, not rigid ; surfaces naked ; areole
uniform, without free veinlets ; sori large, prominent, not immersed, roundish or
oblong, in a row nearer the midrib than the edge.—AZ&. Sp. 5. p. 58. P. attenu-
atum, Hé. Ic. t.409. Dictymia lanceolata, J. Sm.

Hab. New Zealand and-New Hebrides,

304. P. (Phym.) lineare, Thunb. ; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown ; s¢. varying from almost none to 1-2 in. 1. ; 77. 6-12 in. 1.,
3-2 in. br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; both
sides nearly naked ; areol@ fine, with copious free veinlets; sové distinctly im-
mersed, large, prominent, forming a single row nearer the midrib than the edge,
when young covered with copious peltate scales—Gard. F.t.14. Pleopeltis nuda,
Hk. Ex. Fl. t. 63.—B, P. simplex, Sw. ; fr. larger, sometimes 2 in. br., 18 in. 1. ;
texture thinner, and veins more distinct. P. loriforme, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 57.
P. excavatum, Bory. ;

Hab. N, India (common, ascending to 10,000 ft.) and Japan to Ceylon and the Malay
Islands, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Kaffraria, Angola, Fernando Po,

805. P. (Phym.) tenuzlore, Kunze ; rhizome slender, woody, scandent ; /r. 9-18
in. L., $-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed
very gradually into a short stem or the base ; texture rigid, coriaceous ; both sides
naked ; main veins none ; areole hidden, fine, irregular, with free veinlets ; sori
minute, copious, scattered, sometimes confluent, and especially so along the edge.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 60. Diblemma, J. Sm.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 287, 332.—The only spruies of the group with small
irregularly-scattered sori.

306. P. (Phym.) stenophyllum, Bl. ; rhizome modorately thick, wide-creeping,
densely clothed with linear pale-brown scales ; s¢. distant, 1 in. or more L., firm,
erect ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., ¢-4 in. br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture
very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins hidden, immersed, no distinct main veins,
and free veinlets few ; soré completely immersed, and very prominent on the upper
side, forming a single row close to the edge.—H&, Sp. 5. p. 65.

Hab. Philippines and Malaccas,

48. potypopice, §§§§g§§gs PHYMATODEs. 305

307. P. (Phym.) soridens, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales squarrose,
linear, reddish ; sé. 1-3 in. L, slender, naked ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., narrowed
very gradually to both ends, the barren ones entire, the fertile ones repand ;
texture rigid, coriaceous ; both sides glossy ; areole fine, irregular, free veinlets
rare ; sort 1 to each lobe, deeply immersed, and forming very distinct papille on
the upper side.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 61. t. 283, B.

Hab. Borneo, Wallace, Lobb.

308. P. (Phym.) sinuosum, Wall. ; rhizome forming a crust which enwraps the
matrix, clothed with peltate scales, black in the middle and white round the edge,
the stem arising from a conical protuberance, 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked; /r. dimor-
phous, the barren ones 3-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the edge entire, the fertile ones longer,
and the edge repand ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins obscure 3 soré

large, immersed, round or oblong, marginal or submarginal.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 61.
t. 274.

Hab. Malaceas, Amboyna, New Hebrides, Solomon Isles.

309. P. (Phym.) longifolium, Mett. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales
linear, nearly black ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 3-14 in. br., the apex acute, the edge entire,
often revolute, the lower part narrowed very gradually into a short firm stem ;
texture coriaceous, the lower surface naked or subfurfuraceous ; main veins none ;
areole fine, hidden, with copious free veinlets ; sori oblong, quite immersed, placed
end to end a space from one another in a line close to the edge, the caps. mixed.
with minute stalked peltate scales Hk. Sp. 5. p. 60. 2nd Cent. t. 87. Fil. Ez.
#.20. Paragramma, Moore.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.

310. P. (Phym.) Brownii, Wickst.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown ; fr. scattered, 6-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ligulate, the point
bluntish, the edge entire or slightly repand, the lower part narrowed very gra-
dually to a base or short stem ; zezture very coriaceous, rigid ; areole uniform,
without free veinlets ; sori large, prominent, oblong, immersed, in a single row
end to end a space from one another midway between the midrib and edge.—
P. attenuatum, 2. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 58. G. F.t. 30 (not H. B.K.). Dictymia,
J. Sm.

Hab. Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji.

811. P. (Phym.) superficiale, Blume ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading, brown, shining ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, naked, often curved ;
jr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., narrowed gradually at both ends, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areol@ fine, irregular, with free veinlets ;
sori copious, scattered irregularly.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 71.

Hab. N. India (up to 5-6,000 ft.), Tsus-Sima, Hong-Kong, Malaceas.—Characterized
in the group by its large, copious, irregularly-scattered sori.

812. P. (Phym.) Schomburghianum, Kze. ; rhizome $-1 in. thick, densely clothed
with spreading lanceolate scales, with a broad scariose border ; st. distant, 1-2
in. L., firm, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 15-3 in. br., entire, narrowed at both ends;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked, the margin thickened, no distinct main
veins ; arcole copious, fine, with free veinlets sorz large, not immersed, in single
rows not far from the midrib.—HE. Sp. 5. p. ch.

Hab. Guiana and Amazon Valley.

356 48, POLYPODIUM, §$$$$$§§§ PHYMATODES.

A**, Onder surface matted or furfuraceous, Sp. 318-318.

313. P. (Phym.) percussum, Cav. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, adpressed, deciduous ; st. 2-3 in. 1., distant, firm, erect ; fr. 6-12 in. L,
#1} in. br., entire, narrowed gradually towards both ends ; texture very cori-
aceous, rigid ; under side with fine scattered scales; areola fine, distinct, free
veinlets few and short ; sori round, distinctly immersed, forming a row midway
between the midrib and edge.—Hs. Sp. 5. p. 56. Fil. Ex, t. 59,

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil.

314. P. (Phym.) lanceolatum, Linn. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, adpressed, bright-ferruginous ; sé. distant, 1-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; 77.
3-9 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture coriaceous ; both
sides, especially the under one, more or less thickly coated with fine peltate scales ;
veins immersed, hidden ; areole without free veinlets ; sori large, uniserial,
immersed, often reaching from the midrib to the edge.—P. lepidotum, Willd.
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 56. Pleopeltis ensifolia, Ht. Hx. F7. t. 62.

Hab. West Indies and Panama to Brazil, Araucania, and Juan Fernandez, Sandwich
Isles, Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Cape Colony, St. Helena, Guinea Coast.
—A well-marked plant, with a long list of synonyms. The most remarkable form is
P. polylepis, Roem., in which the scales are so dense as to quite cover the under surface.

315. P. (Phym.) linearifolium, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed
with secund fibrillose ferruginous scales ; 7. sessile, 3-4 in. ],, 1-1} lin. br., blunt,
ligulate, entire ; textwre subcoriaceous ; upper surface slightly, lower densely
coated with loose woolly tomentum ; areola in 2 irregular rows, without main
oy ; sori in a single row on each side of the midrib. HA. Sp. 5. p. 53. 2nd

ent. t. 58.

«Hab, Tsus-Sima, Wilford, 862 ; Formosa, Oldham, 54; Peel Island, Korea, Oldham,
1048.

316. P. (Phym.) glabrum, Mett.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, bright-ferruginous ; s¢. 3-1 in. 1., firm, wiry ; jr. nearly uniform, 4-6 in. 1,
£-4 in. br., ligulate, entire, the point bluntish, the base narrowed gradually ; tex-
ture very coriaceous ; under surface coated with thin dirty-white tomentum ; veins
hidden ; sori marginal, confined to the upper part of the frond, soon confluent so
as to form a ridge on both sides extending from the midrib to the edge.—P, rupestre,
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 46. (in part), P. acrostichoides, Sieb. (non Forst.).

Hab. East Australia, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe’s Island, New Caledonia.—Very
near the next species, but smaller in size, and the sori more confluent.

317. P. (Phym.) angustatum, Sw. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
whitish, linear, deciduous scales; sf. 2-4 in. 1, strong, erect ; /v. 6-12 in. 1, oh
in. br., ligulate, entire ; texture very coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower clothe
with adpressed cottony subferruginous tomentum ; veins hidden ; soré large, pro-
minent, in rows near the edge of the contracted upper part, and sometimes
confluent.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 44, G. F.t.20. Niphopsis, J. Sm.

Hab, North India to Tahiti and N. 8. Wales.

318. P. (Phym.) samarense, Mett. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, clothed with
deciduous spreading white linear scales ; st. 1-4 in. 1, firm, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1,
4-2 in. br., quite entire ; teatwre coriaceous ; upper swrface naked, lower densely
coated with dirty-white or greyish-ferruginous tomentum ; veins hidden ; upper
half of the frond contracted, the dense thick sori quite confluent, and occupying
the whole surface.—Met. Polyp. p. 128, ‘

48, POLYPODIUM, §§§$§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 357

Hab. Samar, Philippines, Cuming, 323 (in part).—This and the three preceding agree
with Niphobolus in the coating of the under surface, but with Phymatodes in venation.

B. Substance thinner, and veins distinct. Sp. 319-329,

819. P. (Phym.) Swartzii, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, the scales
linear, ferruginous ; sf. 3-lin. 1, slender, naked; fr. nearly or quite uniform,
2-4 in, 1, $-1 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both ends, the edge entire
or slighly lobed ; teature subcoriaceous; both sides naked; areole fine, copious,
irregular; sor? uniserial on free veinlets——P. serpens, Sw. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 35.
(non Forst.). Anapeltis, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies and Cayenne.—P. runcinatum, Desv., is the sinuato-crenate form.

820. P. (Phym.) zosterwforme, Wall. ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scale-
less ; st. 3-1 in. 1., very slender ; fr. 46 in. 1., 2 lin. br., the edge entire, the
base narrowed gradually ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green, both sides
naked ; veinlets distinct, no main veins ; areole in 2-3 irregular rows with no
free veinlets ; sori distant in rows close to the midrib.— Hh, Sp. 5. p. 64.

Hab, Tenasserim, Wallich, 280 ; Moulmein, Parish, 191.

821. P. (Phym.) stigmaticum, Presl ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, fibrillose ;
Jr. subsessile, uniform, 4-5 in. 1., 4-Zin. br., entire, narrowed gradually towards
both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main vezns not reaching to
the edge ; areole fine, copious, with distinct free veinlets ; sord uniserial, placed
on the connected veinlets—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 36. Anapeltis venosa, J. Sm.

Hab. Columbia.—Very near the next apecies, but the texture thinner, and free
veinlets copious and distinct. .

322. P. (Phym.) lycopodioides, L.; rhizome wide-creeping, firm, the scales
lanceolate-subulate, ferruginous; jr. distant, dimorphous, short-stalked or
sessile, the barren ones 2-4 in. L, 4-1 in. br., entire, often blunt, narrowed
gradually at the base, the fertile ones longer and narrower ; texture coriaceous ;
both sides naked ; areole in several rows, that containing the uniserial sori the
largest, the free veinlets few and inconspicuous.—p, P. salicifolium, Willd. ; fr.
narrower, the sterile and fertile ones nearly or quite uniform.—HZ. Sp. 5. p. 34,

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and South Brazil, Sandwich Isles, Java, Angola,
Mauritius, Natal, Guinea Coast.—More rigid and coriaceous in texture than the rest of
the group, but the veinlets raised and usually quite distinct.

823. P. (Phym.) fusco-punctatum, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales ovate, bright-brown ; /r. subsessile, 6-9 in. 1., the point acute, the base
narrowed very gradually, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked, with abundant fine dark-brown points; areole very distinct, with no
main veins and a few included veinlets ; sor¢ large, uniserial, medial.— Zh. Sp. 5.
p. 69. t. 285, A.

Hab. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5734.

824, P, (Phym.) Mackenti, Baker ; rhizome epigeous, } in. thick, very wide-
creeping, the scales lanceolate-acuminate, pale reddish-brown ;/r. distant, nearly
sessile, 4-5 in. 1, 3-? in. br., the point subacute, the edge entire, the base
narrowed rather suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous; both sides quite naked ;
areole in one large central row which contains the sori, and one of smaller ones
on each side, with free veinlets ; sové round, in a single row rather nearer the
midrib than the edge.

Hab. Natal, McKen, 22.—I now regard this as a mere form of lycopodioides.

358 48. POLYPODIUM, §$§$§§§§$ PHYMATODES.

825. P. (Phym.) Lindbergit, Mett.; rhezome epigeeous, very wide-creeping,
the scales lanceolate, adpressed, bright-brown ; /r. distant, quite sessile, 6-8 in. 1.,
1-1} in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire; texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour bright-green; both sides finely pubescent; main veins
distinct about halfway to the edge, only the outer areole wth free veinlets ; sore
round, in a single row nearer the midrib than the margin.

Hab. Brazil, Lindberg, 576.—Nearest the next, but the fronds quite sessile, and the
sori smaller and round.

826. P. (Paym.) persicariefolium, Schrad.; rhizome epigeous, very wide-
creeping, the scales linear-subulate, bright-brown ; jr. distant, 5-8 in. 1]., 1-2 in.
br., the edge entire, the point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually into a
short stem ; ¢extwre subcoriaceous; both sides naked; main veins distinct half-
way to the edge, with fine areole between them, only the outer ones with free
veinlets ; sori large, oblong, oblique, forming a single row on each side nearer
the midrib than the edge.—A&. Sp. 5. p. 55. Microgramme, Presi.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador.

827. P. (Phym.) normale, Don; rhizome woody, scandent, clothed with
deciduous black fibrillose scales; sé. 1-8 in. ]., stramineous ; 7, 1-2 ft. 1., 1-2 in.
br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; no distinct main veins, but the fine veinlets slightly raised, forming
copious irregular areole with free included veinlets ; soré large, prominent, not
immersed, in a row not far from the midrib.—f, P. longifrons, Wall.; jr.
ee ft. 1.; sori copious, scattered irregularly —Hh. & Gr. t. 65. Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 10.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Malaya, S. China, Natal, and Caffraria——Not always
easy, to distinguish from the large forms of P. lineare.

328. P. (Phym.) myriocarpum, Mett.; rhizome firm; st. very short; jr.
2-3 ft. 1., 2-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the base narrowed very gradually, the
edge entire ; tevtwre papyraceous; both sides naked; distinct costal areole
reaching two-thirds of the space to the edge, and beyond these a small distinct
row, including copious fine areole with free veinlets ; sord very copious,
minute, scattered irregularly. Ah. Sp. 5. p. 68. ,

Hab. Philippines, Borneo, and Cochin-China,

329. P. (Phym.) ingueforme, Mett. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; 7. quite
sessile, 8-18 in. 1., 23-3 in. br., tongue-shaped, narrowed from the centre to
three-quarters of the way down, and then dilated again to the broadly-rounded
base, the edge entire ; ¢eature papyraceous ; both sédes naked; veins very dis-
tinctly raised, the main ones irregular, the areole subquadrangnlar, with a
single distinctly immersed sorus on free or joined veinlets in the centre of
each.—Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 225,

Hab. Amboyna, P. B. Webb; Solomon Isles, J. G@. Veitch.—Well marked by the
peculiar shape of the frond and very distinct venation.

tt Main veins distinct nearly or quite to the edge. Pleuridium, Fée, J. Sm.
Sp. 330-344,

830. P. (Phym.) Janceola, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
ovate-acute, bright-ferruginous ; st. 1 in. 1.; fr. 3-5 in. 1., ¢-4 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire, revolute, the base shortly narrowed 3 texture coria-
ceous; main veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areole with free
veinlets ; soré in a single row near the midrib.—Meté, Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 78.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1595.

48. POLYPODIUM, $§§$§$s§$ PHYMATODEs, 359

831. P. (Phym.) rhynchophyllum, Hk.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, with
copious fibrillose bright-ferruginous scales; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
ovate, 1-13 in. L, with stems about the same length, fertile ones 3-6 in. l.,
4-2 in. br., narrowed very gradually upwards, the edge obscurely toothed, the
stem 2-4 in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the
edge, with copious fine areole between them with free included veinlets ; soré
uniserial, confined to the upper half of the fertile fronds.—H&, Sp. 5. p. 65.
2nd Cent. t. 54,

Hab. N. India (up to 4,000 ft.), and Moulmein (7,000 ft.).

882, P. (Phym.) Grifithianum, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
linear, squarrose, dull-brown; st. distant, 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; /r. 6-8 in. 1.
14-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge repand, the base rounded or rather
narrowed or auricled ; ¢eatwre coriaceous; main veins very distinct to the edge ;
areole fine, hidden, with copious free veinlets; sori large, 1 between each main
vein in a row near the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 62. 2nd Cent. t. 51.

Hab. N. India, up to 7,000 ft.

333. P. (Phym.) Melleri, Baker; st. slender, naked, 1 in. or more 1.; fr.
2-3 in. 1, 4 in. br., lanceolate, narrowed gradually from near the base to the
point, the edge thickened, repand and wavy, the base rounded ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins wavy, distinct to the edge, with copious
fine areolz with free veinlets between them, and one sorus between each midway
between the edge and midrib.

Hab. Madagascar, Dr. Meller.

334. P. (Phym.) triquetrum, Bl.; rhizome stout, woody, the scales dense,
ovate, blunt, 1 lin. br., almost scariose; st. distant, 4-8 in. 1, firm, erect ; barren
Jr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the fertile one
rather longer and narrower; tezture very coriaceous ; both sides naked; main
veins very distinct to the edge, the areole hidden ; sord in two close rows between
the main veins, 5-8 between the midrib and edge, not immersed.—H&, Sp. 5.
Pp. 63.

Hab. Java,

335. P. (Phym.) rupestre, Blume (not R. Br.); rhizome woody, the scales
squarrose, dull-brown, linear-acuminate ; s¢. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect; fr. 4-8 in. 1,
1-14 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire or obscurely repand ; texture
very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins very distinct, the areole hidden ;
sor2 in two rows between the main veins, 6-8 between the midrib and edge, not
immersed.—P. saxatile, Meat. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 64.

Hab. Java and Philippines.—Very near the preceding.

336. P. (Phym.) ovatwm, Wall.; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown, deciduous; st. 4-8 in..1., firm, erect, slightly scaly
below ; /r. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the lower part
narrowed rather suddenly ; teatwre firm-herbaceous ; both sides naked ; main
veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areole with free included veinlets in
the interspaces; sor? large, varying from irregularly 1 to 3 serial— _H7&. Sp. 5.

64. Ak. & Gr. p. 41.

Hab. Khasia, Sikhim, and Bhootan, up to 7,000 ft. Probably amere variety of ensatwm,
837. P. (Phym.) platyphyllum, Sw.; rhizome woody, the scales dense, long,

subulate, nearly black ; st. 3-4 in. 1., strong, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,,.
the point acute, the edge entire ; texture very thick and rigid ; both sides naked ;

360 4d. POLYPODIUM, §§$§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

main veins very distinct, the areole hidden; upper surface with close small
dirty-white dots ; sor? much immersed, in single rows between the main veins,
8-9 between the midrib and edge.—P. crassinervium, Blume. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 63.

Hab. Java,

338. P. (Phym.) crassifolium, L.; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales
ovate-acuminate, dull-brown; sf. 2-6 in. ]., strong, erect; 7”. 1-3 ft. 1, 1-5 in.
by., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire; texture very coriaceous,
the upper side with scattered small white dots; main veins very distinct, the
intervening areole hidden; sori in single rows between the main veins, 2-9 in a
row between the midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 62.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru, common.—Very variable in the
breadth of the frond and compactness of the sori. P. anocarpum (Kze.) and P. Vittaria
(Meitt.) are not more than 4-1 in. br., with the sori in 2 to 4 rows; P. albo-punctatzssi-
mum, J.8m., is a glaucous much-dotted form, with less distinctly-raised veins than
usual,

339. P. (Phym.) membranaceum, Don ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate, spread-
ing, membranous, lurid-green ; sé. 1-4 in. 1, firm, erect ; 7”. 1-3 ft. 1. 2-6 in. br.,
the edge entire or repand, both ends narrowed gradually ; tecture very thin,
membranous; main veins distinct, with very copious fine areols with free
veinlets between them ; sori mostly in two rather irregular rows near the main
veins.—B, P. grandifolium, Wall.; jr. larger ; soré more copious and scattered
irregularly.—Hé&. Sp. 5. p. 70.

Hab. N, India (up to 5-6,000 ft.) to Ceylon, common.

340. P. (Phym.) heterocarpum, Blume (non Mett.) ; rhdzome firm, wide-creep-
ing, the scales squarrose, linear, dull-brown ; st. 8-4 in. L., firm, erect; fr. 1-2
ft. ., 13-3 in. br., entire, narrowed to both ends very gradually ; texture firm ;
both stdes naked; main veins distinct to the edge; areole copious, with free
veinlets ; sori in rows of 4 to 6 near the main veins.—P. Zollingerianum, Kze—
B, P. Zippellii, Blume ; soré smaller, scattered irregularly.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 72.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Java, Borneo, Philippines,—Like the last in habit, but firmer
in texture, and the two forms of each corresponding to one another.

341. P. (Phym.) éréoides, Lam. ; rhizome stout, the scales. dark-brown, ovate,
obtuse ; fr. sessile or subsessile, 1-3 ft. 1., 1-8 in. br., narrowed gradually to both
ends, the edge entire ; ¢eatwre subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins fine,
but distinct to the edge, connected by cross veinlets larger than the others, with
copious fine areola in the interspaces, including free veinlets ; sori very small
and copious, scattered irregularly.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 67. Fil. Hx. t. 4, Microsorium,
Link. Acyostichum punctatum, Linn., oldest name.

Hab. N. India and Chusan to Fiji, Isle of Pines, and N. 8, Wales, Mascaren Isles,
Zambesi-land, Natal, Angola, Guinea Coast.

342. P. (Phym.) muswfolium, Blume ; rhizome woody, the scales ovate, dull-
brown ; fr. 1-8 ft, 1., 3-4 in, br. the point acute or bluntish, the lower part broadly
winged to the very base ; tegtwre coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins very
distinct, connected by distinet arched veinlets, with copious fine areols: with free
veinlets in the inseepa ere ; sori small, very numerous, sometimes covering nearly
the whole surface.—Hzh. Sp. 5. p. 68.

flab, Malay Isles,—Very near the last, but the veins more distinct.

_ 343. P. (Phym.) hemionitidewm, Wall.; rhizome woody, hypogeous ; st. 1-6
i. 1, firm, erect; fr. 9-18 in. L, 2-3 in. br., narrowed to both ends, the edge

48. POLYPODIUM, §§$§§§f$§ PHYMATODES, 361

entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins very distinct, the main
ones branching and becoming lost before they quite reach the edge, including
irregular rather large areolee with a few free veinlets; sord in a very irregular
row between each main vein, often confluent.—Hzs. Sp. 5. p. 78. Colysis, Presi.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.) Neilgherries, South China,

344. P. (Phym.) ensatwm, Thunb.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading, dull-brown ; sf. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly helow; fr. 6-18
in. 1, 14-3 in. br., narrowed to both ends ; fextwre subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked; main veins distinct nearly to the edge, the areole fine, close, copious and
free veinlets abundant ; sori irregularly uniserial between the main veins, few,
but often confluent.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 72.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima.
=* Fronds variousty lobed but not regularly pinnatifid or pinnate. Sp. 345-35°
+ Fronds not in two halves. Sp. 345-350.

345. P. (Phym.) crispatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1., clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. pendent, 6-18 in. ]., 4-3 in. br., ligulate, nearly entire
or bluntly lobed a quarter or even halfway down to the midrib; teature sub-
coriaceous ; both sides thinly clothed with soft hairs ; veins in pinnated groups,
the veinlets forked and uniting with those of the next group ; sorz dorsal, 2-6 to
each lobe, small, quite immersed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 1. Glyphotenium, J. Sm.

Hab. Panama, Seemann, 995.—Differs from Phymatodes by its regular pinnated veins,
and from Goniophlebium by being without free veins, and by its dorsal sori.

346, P. (Phym.) Labrusca, Hk.; caud. woody, the scales large, linear, dark-
brown ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; 7”. 3-4 in. ]., 24-3 in. br., cordate-
ovate, with a deep basal sinus, the edge sinuated ; texture coriaceous ; both sides
naked; main ves distinct to the edge; areole fine, copious, distinct; sort
small, copious, scattered irregularly —H&. Sp. 5. p. 73. t. 285. B.

Hab. Borneo, Zobb.—A very distinct species, with fronds like the leaves of Vitis

347. P. (Phym.) difrons, Hk. ; rhizome woody, but rather slender, branched,
tortuose, nearly naked ; barren jr. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., elliptical, narrowed
at both ends, with blunt lobes, which reach nearly halfway down ; fertile fr.
4-6 in. 1, 2-4 lin. br., short-stalked, entire ; texture papyraceous ; both sides
naked ; a midrib to each lobe, with copious areole between, with free veinlets ;
sort large, oblong, placed end to end in a row on each side close to the midrib,—
Hk. Sp. 5.9.78. Fil. Ex. t. 52.

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson, 789.

348. P. (Phym.) Spectrum, Kaulf.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
black, subulate, deciduous ; st. distant, 3-4 in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; 77. 6-9 in.
each way, cordate-hastate, the apex acuminate, the lateral lobes rounded or
acute, the basal lobes deep, sometimes imbricated, the edge not toothed ; texture
firm; both sides naked; areol@ fine, with copious free veinlets; sori small,
copious, scattered irregularly —Hé&. Sp. 5. p. 74. Colysis, J. Sm.

Hab. Sandwich Isles,

349, P. (Phym.) hastatum, Thunb. ; rhzzome firm, - the scales linear, spreading,
bright-ferruginous ; sf. 2-4 in. ]., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., simple, lan-
tcolate, 3-13 in. br., or 3-lobed, with the lateral lobes like the terminal one

22

362 48. POLYPODIUM, §$§§§S§§§ PHYMATODES.

but smaller ; feature coriaceous ; both sides naked; main veims distinct to the
edge, parallel, with copious fine areole between them, with free included vein-
lets ; sort in a single row, nearer the midrib than the edge-—H&. Sp. 5. p. 74.

Hab. Japan to Formosa.

+ 350. P. (Phym.) pteropus, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, hypogeous, the
emergent portions clothed with blackish lanceolate-subulate scales ; st. 4-6 in. l.,
sometimes scaly ; fr. varying from oblong-lanceolate entire to ternate or pin-
natifid, with a large terminal lobe 4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., and 2 smaller ones on
each side ; feature thin but firm ; colour dark-green ; both sides naked ; areole
fine, copious, the main veins not distinct to the edge; sori small, scattered.—
P. tridactylon, Wall. Hz. Sp. 5. p. 75.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines, Hong-Kong, Formosa.—Often grows
under water.

++ Dipteris, Reinw. Fronds flabellate, in two halves, which are deeply lobed
from the circumference in the direction of the base. Sp. 351-853.

351. P. (Dipt.) Déipteris,; Blume; st. strong, 3-5 ft. 1; fr. 1-3 ft. lL, and
much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the
edges sharply toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green, lower
very glaucous; main veins very prominent, dichotomously forked ; areole
copious ; sorz very minute, scattered irregularly, especially plentiful near the
main veins, confluent, not gummy.—P. Horsfieldii, A. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 99.
P. conjugatum, Kaulf. (not fay.

Hab. Malaccas and Polynesian Islands, as far east as Fiji.—This and the next are very
distinct in habit from the rest of the genus,

352. P. (Dipt.) Wallichii, R. Br.; st. strong, 2-8 ft. 1.; 7r. 1-8 ft. 1, and
much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the
edges not toothed, the ultimate lobes acuminate; ¢exture coriaceous; upper
surface dark-green, lower dirty-white or subferruginous; main veins very
prominent, dichotomously forked ; areole copious; sov small, generally in distinct
rows, not confluent but distributed equally over the surface, often gummy.—
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 99.

Hab. N. India, subtropical region.

853. P. (Dipt.) bifurcatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1.; /r. 1 ft. 1. and as broad,
the main lobes reaching down to the base, 8 or 4 times dichotomously forked,
the ultimate ones linear acuminate, entire; teature coriaceous; midrib only
prominent ; areole principally in one large costal series with 1 sorus in each.—

- Lobbianum, Ah. Sp. 5. p. 100, non Sp. 4. p. 226,

_ Hab, Mount Ophir, Malayan Peninsula and Sarawak, Borneo, 7. Lobb.—A very dis-
tinct plant, differing from the preceding by its very deep narrow lobes and few solitary
sori,

*** Fronds deeply pinnatifid. Sp. 354-883.
+ Fronds uniform, or the barren ones not drynarioid. Sp. 354-872.

354, P. (Phym.) leucosporum, Klotzsch ; rhizome woolly, wide-creeping, the
scales lanceolate, black in the centre, with a scariose border ; sf. 2-8 in. 1, firm,
erect, furfuraceous ; fr. 4-8 in, 1., 2-3 in. br., the upper part bluntly sinuated,
the lower cut more than halfway down into blunt lobes 3-8 in. br. 5 texture
coriaceous ; upper surface slightly, lower densely coated with minute furfu-
raceous scales ; veins hidden 3 soré large, prominent, uniserial—H&, Sp. 5. p. 76.

Hab, Columbia.—Habit and scales of Lepicystis and P. lanceolatum,

48. PoLYPODIUM, §§§§8§§§§ PHYMATODES. 363

355. P. (Phym.) érifidum, Don ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, squarrose,
bright-ferruginous ; s¢. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
with a large linear terminal lobe and 1-5 similar ones on each side, which reach
down within } in. of the rachis and are 4-6 in. ]., 4-1} in. br., narrowed to the
point, the edge entire or obscurely repand ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with transverse veinlets and copious fine areole
between them ; soré uniserial and 1 only between each main vein.—P. oxylobum,
Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 77.

Hab. N. India (up to 7,000 ft.) to Ceylon, China, Japan.

356. P. (Phym.) malacodon, Hk.; rhizome rather slender, the scales lan-
ceolate-acuminate, brown or nearly black ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, glossy ; /r.
6-15 in. 1., 5-6 in. br., with a linear or linear-oblong subentire or repand and
finely-toothed acuminate terminal Jobe 3-4 in. |., 4-2 in. br., and 1-4 smaller
lateral ones on each side, which are more or less confluent at the base ; texture
papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins fine but distinct,
the areole fine and clearly visible, with copious free veinlets; sor in a
single row on each side, nearer the midrib than the edge.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 87. P.
eyrtoloba, J. Sm.

Hab. N. India, up to 12-13,000 ft.—Very near the last, but thinner in texture, the
pinne deeper, and often finely toothed.

357. P. (Phym.) incurvatum, Blume; rhizome woody, the scales adpressed ;
Jr. dimorphous, the barren ones 6-9 in. each way, deltoid, ternate or pinnatifid,
with broad lanceolate-acuminate entire lobes, the stem firm, glossy, 6-9 in. 1. ;
fertile fr. larger, cut down nearly or below quite to the rachis into erecto-patent
entire distant lobes 4-8 in. l., +2 in. br., the lowest sometimes forked, the st.
13-2 ft. 1. ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked; main veins distinct to the
edge; the uniserial sori quite immersed, and forming prominent papille on the
upper surface.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 77.

Hab. Malaccas.—Well distinguished by its very coriaceous usually ternate barren
frond, with deltoid lobes.

358. P. (Phym.) angustum, Mett.; rhizome firm, the scales brown, linear,
crisped ; st. 2-5 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 6-9 in. each way, with a linear terminal
lobe 4-6 in. ]., +-€ in. br., and several similar erecto-patent lobes on each side,
which reach down nearly or quite to the rachis and are dilated at the base;
texture coriaceous; under surface furfuraceous, with minute scattered peltate
scales ; veins obscure ; sori prominent, in a row on each side the midrib. A.
Sp. 5. p. 76.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, W. Indies, S. Brazil.—The original Pleopeltts of Humboldt.
The typical plant is sometimes subdigitate ; P. sectifrons, Kze. (Drynaria elastica, Fée),
isa more fully pinnate form than usual ; and D. stenoloma, Fée, a form with the lobes
only tin. br. *

359. P. (Phym.) insigne, Blume; rhizome slender, the scales linear, dull-
brown; st. 2-4 in. 1, slender, erect, naked ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with an
entire lanceolate-acuminate terminal lobe 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. or more br., and 2-4
similar ones on each side, which reach down within 4 in. of the rachis and below
them a long narrow decurrent wing to the stem ; ¢eature firm-herbaceous ; both
sides naked; veins fine, irregular, with free veinlets; sovz small, scattered
irregularly. —H&. Sp. 5. p. 78.

Hab. Java, Philippines, and Malacca.

360. P. (Phym.) pustulatum, Forst.; rhizome woody, copiously branched,
wide-scandent, the scales linear, dark-brown, squarrose; s¢. 1-3 in. 1.3 fr.

=

364 48, POLYPODIUM, §$§$$§§§§ PHYMATODES.

varying in shape from entire, 3-9 in. 1. in, br., narrowed to both ends, to
12-18 a L, 34 in. br., cut down to a peal wie rachis throughout into
lanceolate lobes ; feature papyraceous; both sedes naked ; areola rather large,
irregular, with copious free veinlets; sové uniserial, submarginal, immersed.—
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 80.

Hab. New Zealand and Australia, both temperate and tropical. According to
Carruthers, this is the original scandens of Forster, and the next his pustulatum.

361. P. (Phym.) Béillardieri, R. Br. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
ovate-acuminate, adpressed, black in the centre, with a scariose border ; sz. 4-8
in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; /. varying in shape from oblong-lanceolate, quite
entire, to 18 in, 1. and half as broad, deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear
lobes ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins irregular, with copious
areole between them with free veinlets; soré large, uniserial, medial or sub-
marginal, distinctly immersed.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 82.

Hab. New Zealand, S. Australia, Van Diemen’s Land, and neighbouring islands.—
P. Vieillardii, Mett., from New Caledonia, is said to differ from this by its more numerous
lobes, the lowest subpetiolate, and sori placed always im the second row of areole.

362. P. (Phym.)Phymatodes, L.; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
dark-brown, fibrillose ; st. 3-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy; fr. varying from
simple, oblong-lanceolate, to 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., cut down to a broadly-winged
rachis into numerous entire acuminate lanceolate-oblong lobes 4-8 in. 1., 1-1} in.
br. 3 textwre coriaceous ; both sides naked; no distinct main veins ; areole fine,
with copious free veinlets; sor¢ large, more or less immersed, 1-2 serial or
scattered.— Zh. Sp. 5. p. 82.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Isles and N. Australia to Formosa and Loo Choo, Tsus-
Sima, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Zambesi-land, Angola, Guinea Coast.—P. maxi-
mum, Hk. (Drynaria, Brack.), from Tahiti, &c., is probably a large simple form. It is
curious that this very common Malayan species should be quite absent from Continental
India. P. longipes, terminale, and peltideum of Link are garden varieties.

868. P. (Phym.) nigrescens, Blume ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate, adpressed ;
st. 12-18 in. L, firm, erect, glossy ; /r. 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br., cut within
#1 in. of the rachis into usually numerous entire acuminate linear-oblong lobes
6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.; testure subcoriaceous; surfaces naked; colour dark-
green; main veins distinct but wavy, the areole fine, copious, with free veinlets ;
sori in a single row nearer the midrib than the edge, sunk in a deep cavity,
which is prominent on the upper side.—H&. Sp. 5. p.81. Fil. Hx, t. 22,

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas, Fiji, Samoa, Friendly Isles.—Differs from the last
by its thinner texture, distinct veins, and more immersed sori.

364. P. (Phym.) affine, Blume; rhizome woody, scaleless; st. 12-18 in. 1,
firm, glossy ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down nearly to the rachis below,
within 4 i. above, into erecto-patent slightly repand much acuminated lobes
6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br. ; teature papyraceous ; both sides naked ; no distinct
main veins; areole large, fine, with free veinlets; sori not immersed, in 2-3
irregular rows between the midrib and edge.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 84.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.--Very near the last in habit and texture, but the sori
different,

365. P. (Phym.) Powellit, Baker; rhizome woody, scandent; st. 1}-2 ft. 1.,
brownish, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 1 ft, or more br., cut down within } in. of the
rachis throughout into close acuminate entire lobes 5-6 in. 1, §-2 in. br.;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; colour dark-green ; main veins not at all
prominent, but distinct when held up to the light; areolw rather large, with
copious free veinlets ; sor? in a single row about midway between the edge and
midrib, not at all immersed.

48. POLYPODIUM, §$$§§§$§§ PinymMaToDEs. 365

Hab. Samoa, Powel/, 135.—Lobes narrower and more numerous than in P. nigrescens,
the veins different, and sori not immersed. :

366. P. (Phym.) d@ilatatum, Wall.; rhizome thick, woody, the scales large,
ovate, dull-brown ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., with a narrow decurrent wing reaching
nearly down to the base; fr. 14-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down within
3-1 in. of the rachis into acuminate entire erecto-patent lobes 4-8 in. ]., 3-14 in.
br. ; teature papyraceous; both sides naked; main veins fine, wavy, falling
rather short of the edge, with copious fine areolee with free veinlets; sori small,
copious, scattered irregularly, often confluent.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 85.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Malaccas, Samoa.—Habit of the two preceding, but
the sori minute and scattered irregularly.

367. P. (Phym.) laciniatum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales lan-
ceolate, ciliated, bright-ferruginous ; s¢. 6-12 in. I., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down throughout to a narrowly-winged rachis into
lobes 6-9 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., the point much acuminated, the edge slightly undu-
lated, the lower ones deflexed ; texture subcoriaceous; both szdes naked; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areole fine, with copious free veinlets ; sovd uniserial;
immersed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 87.

Hab. Java.—P. violascens, Mett., is said to differ by its broader entire scales, coriaceous
texture, immersed veins, and sori sunk in a deep pit.

368. P. (Phym.) alatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, scaleless ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm,
erect; fr. 13-2 ft. ]., 10-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below, within
4 in. above, into numerous erecto-patent repand linear-oblong acuminate lobes
6-8 in. 1, Lin. or more br. ; ¢ezture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areole with free veinlets ; sorz
rather small, in rows of 3-4 near the main veins.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 85.

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge, Seemann.—Very like dilatatum in habit and texture, but the
main veins straight, and the sori, though small, in 2 regular rows near them. .

369. P. (Phym.) glaucum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, the scales long, dense, fibrillose,
dark glossy-brown ; s¢. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
cut down throughout to a broadly-winged rachis into erecto-patent entire
acuminate lobes 4-5 in. l., $-# in. br.; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
no distinct main veins and areole quite hidden ; soré forming single rows close
to the midrib. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 88.

Hab. Philippines.—Resembles some of the forms of P. aurewm in texture and general
habit. :

370. P. (Phym.) lomarioides, Kunze; rhizome forming a thick wide-spreading
crust, thickly clothed with small peltate scales, ferruginous in the centre, with a
broad scariose border ; st. 2-4 in. l., firm, erect; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 46 in. br., the
barren one cut down within id in. of the rachis into close horizontal oblong
entire blunt lobes 3 in. br.; the fertile one cut nearly to the rachis throughout,
with more numerous lobes, 3-2 in..br.; texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ;
veins immersed, irregular; areol@ fine, with copious free veinlets; sor com-
pletely immersed, round or oblong, forming two close rows near the midrib.—
Aik. Sp. 5. p. 79.

Hab, Malaya, Formosa, Philippines.—Lecanopteris carnosa, Blume, appears to be an
abnormal form of this, with the lobes intermediate in character between those of the
typical barren and fertile frond, with large sori in very distinct marginal pits. Agrees
with P. sinuosnm in its very peculiar rhizome, the barren frond having quite the habit
of a pinnatifid Lomaria. See also L. pumila, Blume, Fil, Jav. t. 94. B.,

871. P. (Phym.) ebentpes, Uk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales large,

366 48. POLYPODIUM, §§$§§§§$§ PHYMATODES.

lanceolate, glossy, nearly black ; sé. 6-9 in, 1, naked, glossy; /r. 6-18 in. 1,
8-12 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into nearly entire acuminate
lobes 4-6 in. 1., §-1 in. br., the lowest pair deflexed ; main veins distinct to the
edge ; areole fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori in single rows near the midrib.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 88.

Hab. N. India, up to 10,000 ft.—Resembles P. trifidum, but the pinne reach down
deeper, and the main veins are closer and more distinct.

372. P. (Phym.) longissimum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales large,
ovate, brown, adpressed; st. 8-4 ft, 1., firm, glossy ; fr. 1-4 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br.,
cut down very nearly to the rachis into numerous erecto -patent acuminate
linear subentire lobes 4-8 in. 1., }-4 in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins forming large distinct costular areole and beyond them smaller irregular
ones, both with free veinlets ; sori in close single rows near the midrib, forming
distinct papillae on the upper surface.—Hz&. Sp. 5. p. 80.

Hab. N. India, Neilgherries, Malaccas, Philippines, Formosa.—M. Deplanche sends
from New Caledonia a plant that agrees with this, except that the sori are submarginal.

tt Drynaria, Bory. Fronds with either a separate sterile frond or the base of
the ordinary one pinnatifid like a sessile oak-leaf, brownish in colour and rigid in
texture. Sp. 378-383.

A. Sterile frond not separate. Sp. 873-875.

878. P. (Dryn.) Heracleum, Kze.; rhizome stout, the scales long, silky,
fibrillose, bright-brown ; 77. 8-6 ft. 1, 2 ft. or more br., the base with a cordate
lobed wing 3-4 in. br., the upper part cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into
entire acute lobes, which are often 12-18 in. l., 3-4 in. br. ; teature rigid ; both
sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with 6-8 irregular quadrangular
areole between the midrib and edge enclosing smaller ones with copious free
veinlets ;* sord small, copious, scattered, slightly immersed.—Hk. Sp, 5. p. 93.
G. F.t.1.

Hab. Java and Philippines. *

874. P. (Dryn.) Meyenianum, Schott. ; rhizome very stout, the scales 4 in. 1.,
linear, crisped, bright-ferruginous ; j7. 2-3 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br., the lower part cut
down nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent linear-oblong blunt entire lobes
3-6 in. l., 4-1 in. br., the upper part pinnate, with numerous close pinne 4-8
in. l., which consist only of a firm midrib, with a row of small round lobes on
both sides, each with a sorus that covers it; ¢evtwre of the barren lobes coria-
ceous, the main veins distinct, the copious areole with free veinlets—A&. Sp. 5.
p. 94. Aglaomorpha, Schott. Drynaria philippense, Hort.

Hab. Philippines.

875. P. (Dryn.) conjugatum, Lam. ; rhizome very thick, densely matted with
long linear crisped bright-brown scales ; /r. arranged in-a circle, 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18
in. br., the stem with a lobed wing 2-4 in. br. on each side at the base, which is
narrowed and more deeply lobed upwards, passing gradually into the frond,
which is cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into entire erecto-patent
pinne 4-8 in. 1, 1-15 in. br.; teature rigid; both sides naked; main veins
distinct to the edge, the transverse veinlets forming about 6 quadrangular
areolee between the midrib and edge ; the sori in a single row close to the anterior
mot) vein, sometimes confluent.—P. coronans, Wall. Hk. Sp. 6. p.95. Fil.

eet. 91.

Hab, N. India (subtropical region), Moulmein, Hong-Kong, Formosa,

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§$S$ss$ PH YMATODES. 367

B. Sterile frond distinct. Sp. 876-383

376. P. (Dryn.) Fortunei, Kunze; rhizome woody, the scales linear, bright
ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 2-3 in. |, 1-1} in. br., the upper
lobes deltoid-acute, the fertile ones 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into lanceolate or oblong acute or bluntish entire erecto-patent
lobes 2-4 in. 1., #1 in. br.; tecture subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct, 1-2 lin.
apart, connected by prominent transverse veinlets, with a few faint ones in the
intervals ; sord in single rows of 3-4 between the main veins.— Zé. Sp. 5. p. 93.

Hab. South China, both the coast and interior.

377. P. (Dryn.) splendens, Uk. ; rhizome woody, the scales grey, fibrillose,
adpressed ; fv. subsessile, 2-3 ft. ]., 1 ft. or more br., .the lower part barren, cut
down nearly or quite to the rachis into erecto-patent entire acute lobes 4-8 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br., the upper fertile pinne distant, ligulate, 4-8 in. ]., }-4 in. br.; main
veins distinct, with distinct transverse veinlets and copious intermediate ones and
free veinlets ; sori oblong or subquadrangular, filling up the whole of the fertile
pinne except the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 96. Dryostachyum, J. Sm.

Hab. Philippines and Singapore.—D. pilosum, J. Sm., is a form with the fertile pinnz
slightly pubescent. :

378. P. (Dryn.) Willdenovii, Bory ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales 2 in. 1.,
linear, crisped, bright ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren one 4-6 in. 1.,
38-4 in. br., the lobes short, rounded, blunt, the fertile one 13-2 ft. ]., 6-10 in. br.,
the upper lobes 4-5 in. 1., }-3 in. br., linear, acute, slightly repand, reaching
down to the rachis, the lower ones shorter and blunt, with a narrow wing down
the stem to the base; zecture coriaceous; @reole small, copious ; sori slightly
immersed, uniserial— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 97.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

879. P. (Dryn.) propinguum, Wall. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, bright-ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 4-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
cut half or three-quarters of the way down into bluntish or acute lobes, the fertile
ones 13-8 ft. 1, often 1 ft. br., with a distinct stem, the lobes 4-G in. 1., 4-2 in.
br., reaching down nearly or quite ‘to the rachis ; tezture subcoriaceous ; arcole
copious, the free veinlets few aid variously directed ; sori in a row near the
midrib, placed at the point of union of several veinletsx—H&. Sp. 5. p. 97. P.
Wildenovii, Z. G. F. t. 35. (non Bory).

Hab. N. India (up to 7,000 ft.), Java, and the West African islands.—The typical
plant has more or less distinctly toothed fertile pinne, but in the Javan P. pleuridioides,
Mett. (P. Willdenovii, Blume, not Bory), they are quite entire.

880. P. (Dryn.) rivale, Mett. MSS.; rhizome stout, the scales dense, linear,
bright-ferruginous ; 7. dimorphous, the barren ones 4-6 in. ]., 2 in. br., cut down
three-quarters of the way to the rachis into spreading blunt lobes, the fertile
ones 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., with a distinct stem, the blunt entire lobes 2-3 in. 1,
2 in, br., reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis ; tezture of the fertile frond
papyraceous ; main veins not more than } in. apart; areol@ fine, with copious
free veinlets, all directed towards the edge, the close sorz terminal on free
veinlets in the costal series:—-Drynaria mollis, Bedd. Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 216.

Hab. N. E. Himalayas.—Distinguished from the last by its much thinner texture,
and venation like Goniophlebium. The veins of the fertile frond are scarcely at all raised,
but are very distinct.

381. P. (Dryn.) quercéfolium, L.; rhizome stout, the scales bright-brown,

368 48, POLYPODIUM, §§§SSSS§§ PHYMATODES.

3-4 in. L, lanceolate-acuminate, the base cordate; /”. dimorphous, the barren
ones sessile, 3-12 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., brown, rigid, bluntly lobed often halfway
down, the fertile ones long-stalked, 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into entire erecto-patent lobes 6-9 in. 1., 2-14 in. br. ; tecture rigid ;
both sédes naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with 4-6 quadrangular areoles
between them between the midrib and edge, enclosing each two large sor? and
copious lesser areole.—Hk&. Sp. 5. p. 96. .

Hab. N. India and S. China to Ceylon, Queensland.

382, P. (Dryn.) Linnewi, Bory ; rhizome stout, the scales 1-2 lin. L, broadly
ovate, with a short acumen from a peltate base ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
sessile, brown, rigid, bluntly lobed; the fertile ones long-stalked, 2-3 ft. 1,
6-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire erecto-patent lanceolate
lobes ; teature rigid; both sedes naked; main veins distinct to the edge, with
copious irregular areola between them, with copious small scattered sort.—P.
sparsisorum, Des,

Hab. Ceylon and Malaccas to Queensland, Solomon Isles, and Fiji.—Differs from the
last by its small scattered sori.

883. P. (Dryn.) rigidulum, Sw.; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales
fibrillose, dark glossy-brown ; fr. dimorphous, the barren one sessile, 6-9 in. l.,
8-4 in. br., cut down 4-$ way down to the rachis into blunt lobes, the fertile
one 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., long-stalked, pinnate ; pimne 1 in. or more apart,
narrowed or stalked at the base, 6-12 in, 1., 3-8 in. br., the point acuminate, the
edge more or less deeply inciso-crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
we naked ; main veins not distinct to the edge; areolew copious, free veinlets
few ; sori immersed in a single row halfway between the edge and midrib.—P.
diversifolium, #, Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 98. G. Ft. 5.

Hab. Malaccas to Queensland and Fiji.
%*e% Fronds pinnate. Sp. 384-889.

384. P. (Phym.) palmatum, Blume ; rhizome stout, the scales large, lanceolate,
full-brown ; st. 6-12 in. L., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., with a
linear or linear-oblong entire or slightly repand terminal lobe, and 1-6 similar
ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. ]., 3-1} in. br., narrowed or dilated, always
slightly adnate at the base, those of the barren fr. the broadest ; teature sub-
coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, the areole fine,
hidden ; sori in a single row midway between the edge and midrib.— Hk. Sp. 5.
p.89. Pleuridium, J. Smith. P. crenulatum, Jett.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.—P. angustatum, Blume (P. Lindleyanum, Wall.), and
P. palmatum, Blume, appear to be varieties of one species, but the latter has only a very
few pinnz, which do not reach down to the rachis.

385. P. (Phym.) juglandifolium, Don ; rhizome stout, woody, the scales large,
ovate, bright-ferruginous ; st. 1 ft. or more 1, firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 14-2 ft. L,
1 ft. or more br. ; pémne in pairs 1-2 in. apart, 4-8 in. ]., 1-13 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge thickened and wavy, the base rounded ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; both sides naked; main veins distinct to the edge; areole copious,
hidden, with free veinlets ; sord large, one between each main vein, forming a
row nearer the midrib than the edge,—P. capitellatum, Wail. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 90.
—B, P. tenuicauda, Hk. ; pi narrower, very acuminate, narrowed at the
base, and the lower ones often a little stalked.— Zé. J. ¢,

Hab. N, India, up to 10,000 ft.—Pleopeltis moulmetnensis, Beddome, Fil. Brit. Ind.
t. 205, is either a form of this or very closely allied.

49, JAMESONIA, 369

386. P. (Phym.) Lehmanni, Mett.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
‘ong, rigid, fibrillose, yellowish-brown ; s¢. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br.; pinne in distant pairs, 4-5 in. L, 4-2 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire or slightly repand, the base rounded ; teztwre sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with two
rows of sori 3-4 deep between them.—Mett. Polyp. p. 117.

Hab. Burmah and Darjeeling, Griffith.

387. P. (Phym.) himalayense, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, squarrose, bright-brown ; s¢. 1 ft. or more l., firm, glossy ; 7. 1-2 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br., the pinne in pairs 1-2 in. apart, 4-8 in. ]., 13-2 in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge scariose, wavy, the base rounded or even cordate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; under surface finely pubescent’; main veins very distinct ; areole
fine, close, with copious free veinlets ; sori in 1-2 rows of 3-4 each between the
main veins.— Hk, Sp. 5. p. 91. P. venustum, Wall.

_ Hab. N. India, up to 7,500 ft.—Mettenius unites this with P. juglandifolium, but the
pinn are much broader, with prominent veins and a distinct scariose wavy edge.

388, P. (Phym.) eiorhizon, Wall.; rhizome very thick, clothed with ovate
adpressed peltate scales; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect; /r. 2-4 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br.;
pinne narrowed at the base, the lower ones stalked, 6-12 in. 1., Pye br., the
apex acuminate, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous, surfaces naked ; areola
fine, uniform, with copious free veinlets ; sori slightly immersed, in a row near
the midrib on each side.—HE&, Sp. 5. p. 91. Fil. Ev, t. 25.

Hab. N. India, up to 5-7,000 ft.

389. P. (Phym.) albc-sqguamatum, Blume; rhizome woody, the scales long
(sometimes 1 in. ].), dense, fibrillose, dark-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect,
glossy ; fr. sometimes simple, usually pinnate, 1-2 ft. |., 1 ft. or more br., with
several distant erecto-patent pine on each side, which are 6-10 in. 1., $-2 in.
br., the apex much acuminated, the edge slightly repand towards the point, the
base narrowed, the lower ones stalked; ¢exture subcoriaceous; upper surface
with small white dots at the edge or all over; main veins usually indistinct ;
a in a pee row midway between the midrib and edge.—Az. Sp. 5. p. 92.

Pt. 47,

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines.—P. varians, Blume, is a form with narrow pinnze
and more distinct main veins.

TRIBE 12. GRAMMITIDES.

Sori on the back of the lobes, more than twice as long as broad, usually linear.
Gen. 49-59.

Gey. 49. Jamusonia, Hk. d Gr. (See page 514.)

.

Sort oblong, placed on the flabellate veins on the back of the pinns remote
from fapeks A single Andine species, placed by Mettenius in Gymnogramme.
Tas. 6. f. 49.

1. J. imbricata, H. & G. ; rhizome woody, creeping, black, tortuose ; st. wiry,
ebeneous, slender, 3-4 in. ].; /r. 6-18 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., simply pinnate; pinne
close, roundish, often spreading horizontally, the edge much incurved ; teature
coriaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly villose.—Jc. ¢. 178.—£, J. canescens,
Kze., habit stouter, the long, silky, yellowish-brown hairs of the upper part of
the frond often so dense that they quite hide the pinne.— y, J. verticalis, Kze. ;
st. 1 ft. 1., rigid, wiry ; f7. 6-9 in. 1, 3 in. br. 3 pinne oblong-deltoid, 3 lin. 1.,

Ba

370 50. NOTHOCHL&NA, § EUNOTHOCHLANA.

2 lin. br. ; tomentym of the rachis very short, and the pinnw naked.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 105.

Hab. Andes, from New Granada southward to Peru.—Mettenius admits our three
varieties as species, and also J. scalaris, Kze., and J. rotundifolia, Fée, the latter a
robust plant, most like y, but with closer and rounder pinne.

Gen. 50. acme &. Br. (See page 514.)

Sort marginal, at first oblang or roundish, soon confluent into a continuous
marginal line, without a distinct involucre, but with the edge of the frond fre-
quently inflexed. Veins fred in all the species. .A smail widely-dispersed genus,
differing from Cheilanthes only by the absence of a distinct involucre, and connected
with it by gradual intermediate stages. Tan. 6. f. 50.

§ Eunothochlena. Fronds not farinose beneath. Sp. 1-16.
* Fronds densely matted beneath ; stems robust. Sp. 1-11.

1. N. Rawsont, Pappe ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales dense, ad-
pressed, linear, black in the centre and ferruginous towards the edge ; st. 3-4
in. 1, wiry, erect, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4 in. br., simply
pinnate ; pinne@ in distant pairs, nearly as broad as long, deeply pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green, naked, lower densely matted
with ferruginous tomentum ; sori black, the edge not inflexed.—Hh. Sp. 5.
p. 110. :

Hab. Namaqua-land, Rev. Mr. Whitehead.

2..N. sinuata, Kaulf. ; rhizome very thick, densely clothed with linear bright
ferruginous scales and bearing bulbs ; s¢. subtufted, 2-4 in. 1, firm, erect, chesnut-
brown, matied ; 7. 1-2 ft. L., 1-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne short-stalked, 3-
in. 1.,7-4.in. br., ovate or oblong, varying from entire to deeply pinnatifid ; texture
thick, coriaceous ; upper surface green and slightly villose ; lower surface and
rachis densely coated with small linear ferruginous scales ; edge slightly inflexed.
—Hk, Sp. 5. p. 108. Bot. Mag. t. 4699.

Hab. New Mexico, along the Andes to Chili.

3. N. ferruginea, Hk. ; rhizome thick, bearing bulblike scaly buds, the scales
very dense, fibrillose, dark-brown ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. L, wiry, erect, black,
slightly matted ; 77, 6-12 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., simply pinnate; pimne@ sessile, 3-4
in. 1., ovate, deeply pinnatifid, with blunt lobes ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface
pale-green, villose, lower densely matted with ferruginous or nearly white tomen-
om ; ee inflexed, slightly membranous ; sori black.—Hz&, Sp. 5. p. 108. 2nd

ent. t. 52.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico, along the Andes to Chili.—This and the two preceding
may be distinguished from the rest of the group by having even the lower pinne pinnatifid
only.

_ 4. N. lanuginosa, Desv.; st. densely tufted, woolly, wiry, very short; fr. 6-9
in. 1., 1-15 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; ‘pimn@ close, lanceolate, the
central ones the largest, with close, roundish or oblong, entire or 3-lobed pinni. ;
texture herbaceous but thick ; both sides, especially the lower one, coated with
whitish or subferruginous tomentum ; rachis bright chesnut-brown, more or less
woolly.—Hz&. Sp. 5. p. 119.

Hab. South Europe, from Spain to Syria, Greece, Madeira, Teneriffe, Cape Verde
Teles, Algiers, Temperate and Tropical Australia.—Distinguished from the rest by its
dense white woolly tomentum.

50. NOTHOCHLENA, § EUNOTHOCUL.ENA. O71

5. N. Doradilla, Colla; rhizome thick, clothed with lanceolate ferruginous
scales ; st. 3-4in. 1., chesnut-brown, glossy, nearly naked ; /*. 4-5 in. l., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne distant, stalked, oblong-deltoid, cut down
to the rachis into oblong-deltoid pinnd. with rounded lobes ; texture thick, cori-
aceous ; upper surface dark-green, nearly naked ; lower and rachis densely
clothed with small, linear, dark chesnut-brown scales.—N. sinuata, Brack. p. 19
(non Kaulf.). N. Brackenridgei, Baker.

Hab. Peru, Brackenridge.

6. N. tnequalis, Kze.; rhizome stout, the scales long, dense, fibrillose, bright-
ferruginous ; sf, 3-6 in. 1, firm, erect, naked, stout, ebeneous ; /®. 4-6 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., lanceolate or subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; upper pinne lanceolate, lower
deltoid, with blunt lanceolate pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture thick ; both surfaces
densely coated with ferruginous woolly tomentum ; the rachis nearly naked.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 118. :

Hab. Macalisberg, near Natal, Burke; Angola, Welwitzsch, 147, 197.—A larger plant
than the last, almost as woolly, but the tomentum brown.

7. N. Aschenborniana, Klotzsch ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, ebeneous, densely
sealy ; /r. 8-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne lanceo-
late, 1-14 in. 1., $ in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear-oblong crenate or
pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous; upper surface pale-green and slightly
hispid, lower densely matted with linear, ciliated, bright-ferruginous scales,
beneath which it is subfarinose ; sord black, the edge not inflexed.—Hé. Sp, 5.
p- 117. t. 287. B.

Hab. Texas and Mexico.—This and the next three are very near to one another.

8. N. squamosa, Fée; st. tufted, 1-4 in. 1., densely clothed with ovate-acu-
minate pale-brown scales; /r. 3-4 in. L, 1 in. or more br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinn@ opposite, the lowest } in. 1., din. br., ovate, blunt, cut down to
the rachis below into several linear-oblong pinnl. ; texture thick, subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under surface densely covered with ovate- or lanceolate-acuminate
ciliated ferruginous scales ; sori brownish, the edge subscariose.—Cheil. H#. Sp. 2.
p. 82. H. é G.t. 151.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala to Peru and the Argentine territory.—Probably this is
NV. peruviana, Desv., and if so, that name is the oldest. Mettenius distinguishes from
this C. brachypus, Kze. (Nothochlena, J. Sm.), by its shorter stem, and the presence of
long flaccid hairs as well as scales on the under surface.

9. N. Marante, R. Br.; rhizome woody, the scales dense, fibrillose, bright-fer-
ruginous; st. strong, wiry, 8-6 in. 1., more or less matted ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 14-3
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinne lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
into close, oblong, entire pinml. 1 lin. br. ; texture thick, coriaceous ; upper surface
pale-green, naked, lower and rachis densely coated with lanceolate, bright-ferru-
ginous scales.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 120.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 15,000 ft.), Syria, and Tauria, to Ardeche and Portugal ;
- Barbary States, Abyssinia, Azores, Madeira, Canaries, Cape Verde Isles.

10. N, Eckloniana, Kunze; rhizome woody, the scales lanceolate, dense, bright-
ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 2-3 in. br., bi-
tripinnatifid ; upper pinne close, the lower ones subdistant, deltoid ; pinnd. close,
lanceolate, pinnatifid or pinnate, with short, oblong segm. ; teature thick, cori-
aceous ; upper szrface pale-green, lower and rachis densely clothed with bright-
ferruginous scales.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 116.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.—Usually more divided than the last, but very doubtfully
distinct. A form with white tomentum found in Transvaal territory by Mr. Todd.

372 50. NOTHOCHL&ENA, § EUNOTHOCHLANA,

11. N. mollis, Kunze ; rhizome woolly, very thick, the scales fibrillose, black ;
st. 2-8 in. L, strong, erect, matted ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., tripinnate ; upper
pinnee close, the lower ones distant, lanceolate, with a very thick rachis, and often
upeurled ; the segm. small, roundish ; texture thick, rigid ; upper surface dark-
green, naked, lower and rachises woolly, with close thick short subferruginous
tomentum.—Hz&, Sp. 5. p. 120.

Hab. Chili and Andes of Guatemala.—A well-marked species, more rigid and robus’
than any of the preceding, with dense woolly tomentum beneath.

*% Fronds thinner in texture, and not so much matted ; stems slender.
Sp. 12-19.

12. N. fragilis, Hk. ;- st. 8-4 in. 1., very slender, wiry, naked, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; 7”. 14-3 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pinne much the largest,
deltoid, with the lowest pinn/. pinnate, with oblong pinnatifid segm. 4-4 lin. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; both surfaces rather densely coated with grey spreading hairs ;
sori small, the edge slightly recurved. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 114. ¢. 287. A.

Hab. Arnhems-land, Tropical Australia, Dr. Mueller. Port Darwin, Schultz.

13. N. hirsuta, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1, glossy, dark chesnut-brown, slightly
villose ; fv. 6-8 in. ]., 14-3 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, tri- or quadripinnatifid ;
lower pinne 1-1} in. apart, subdeltoid, with lanceolate pinn/. and oblong blunt
entire or slightly-lobed segm. 1-2 lin.-br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis, and espe-
eially the under side, finely villose and glandular; sori brown.— Hk, Sp. 5.
yp. 116.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Polynesian Islands.—The Philippine NW. densa, J. Sm., is pro-
bably a less-divided form. In habit this closely resembles Cheilanthes tenuifolia, to which
NV. nudiuscula, glabra, and semiglabra of Sp. Fil. must probably be referred.

14. N. distans, R. Br.; sf. densely tufted, 1-3 in. 1., castaneous, wiry, clothed
with ferruginous linear scales ; /r. 6-9 in. l., 3-1 in. br., bipinnate ; lower pinne
distant, deltoid, cut down to the rachis into oblong obtuse entire or slightly-lobed
pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green and slightly villose, lower
surface and rachis more or less densely coated with long linear ferruginous
scales ; pinne often much curled together, and the edge incurved.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 114. 2nd Cent. t. 80.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia,

15. N. hypoleuca, Kunze ; rhizome bulbiferous, the scales rigid, fibrillose, dark-
brown ; st, tufted, slender, 2-4 in. 1, dark chesnut-brown; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-1
in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinne 4-2 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., ovate, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis below into blunt lobes ; éeature subcoriaceous ; upper surface
nearly naked, pale-green, lower densely matted with white or slightly ferruginous
tomentum ; edge slightly inflexed.—H//. Sp. 5. p. 110.

Hab. Chili.—This is the most matted of any of the group, but the stem is almost or
very nearly naked.

16. N. Pohliana, Kunze ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, ebeneous ;
Jr. 3-4 in. 1., 13 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ; pine in numerous pairs, the
lowest the largest, lanceolate, with several sessile oblong crenated pinnl. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both swnfaces, especially the lower one, with long silky hairs ;
rachis ebeneous ; sori brown.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 118, t. 286. B.

Hab. Brazil, Pohl, Gardner.

17. N. eriophora, Fée ; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. 1., slender, dark chesnut- brown,
more ot less villose ; fr. 2-3 in. each way, deltoid, with 3-4 blunt linear-oblong

50. NOTHOCHLENA, §§ CINCINALIS. 373

entire lobes on each side, the lowest pair much the largest, deeply pinnatifid on
the lower side ; texture very thick ; under surface densely matted with yellowish-
brown tomentum ; veinlets forked ; sor? copious, marginal.—Polypodium, Hk,
Sp. 4. p. 229. Ic. t. 991.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 2390.—A very distinct species, with the habit of
Doryopteris.

18. N. Buchanani, Baker ; sf. tufted, slender, villose, bright chesnut-brown,
8-4 in. L. 3 fr. 14-2 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., subdeltoid, with 2-3 pairs of distinct pinna
below the deeply-pinnatifid apex, the lowest much the largest, cut down to the
rachis at the base into oblong blunt repand pinnl., that on the lower side 3-3
in. 1.; ¢exture herbaceous; rachis and both sides densely clothed with spreading
whitish or ferruginous hairs; sori copious, brownish, quite marginal.

Hab. Natal, Buchanan and McKen, 32.—This is very like the last in outline, but is
more deeply divided, not so thick in texture, and though very hairy, yet not matted.

19. N. tenera, Gill. ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in.1., chesnut-brown, naked, glossy ;
fr. 3-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., ovate, tripinnate ; pinne distant, the lower ones deltoid ;
the pinni. long-stalked, with blunt oblong segm. 3-1 lin. br. ; teature subcoriaceous ;
rachises rigid ; both surfaces naked ; sor? brown.—A&. Sp. 5. p. 112, Bot. Mag.
t, 8055.

Hab. Chili and Andes of Bolivia.—Very doubtfully distinct from IV. nivea, from which
it differs only by being without white powder beneath.

§§ Cincinalis, Desv. Fronds coated beneath with white or yellow powder.
‘ Sp. 20-27.

20. N. (Cinc.) trichomanoides, R. Br. ; rhizome thick, bulbiferous, the scales
black, fibrillose; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1.; firm, erect, chesnut-brown, slightly scaly ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1., #14 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne@ sessile, ovate-oblong, blunt,
pinnatifid, with blunt lobes; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green,
nearly naked, lower clothed with white powder and fine ferruginous woolly hairs,
the edge inflexed.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 109.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba.—Differs from all the following by being tomentose as well as
farinose, and sometimes the powder is quite bidden beneath the tomentum.

21. N. (Cince.) afinis, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-5 in. 1., wiry, glossy, naked, nearly
black ; fr. 4-5 in, 1, 2-2 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinn@ short-stalked, deltoid-oblong,
Zin. 1, } in. br., deeply pinnatifid, with close entire lobes, the lower ones distant
and dwindling down gradually ; teature subcoriaceous ; upper swrface and ebe-
neous rachis naked, lower densely matted with sulphur-coloured meal; soré
marginal, brownish.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 109.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.—Our description is taken from a set of specimens
gathered by Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and does not entirely agree with that of Mette-
nius. In habit our plant agrees with the preceding, but is perfectly without tomentum.
Specimens from Cuba (C. Wright, 1075-6) are very similar, but are rather more slender,
and the farina is pure-white.

22, N. (Cinc.) sulphurea, J. Sm. ; rhizome creeping, the scales dense, rigid,
linear, nearly black ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., ebeneous, wiry, naked ; fr. 2-3 in. each
way, deltoid ; upper pimne simple, central ones lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
at the base into oblong lobes ; lowest pair with the lowest pinn/. much prolonged,
%in. or more 1, pinnatifid or pinnate ; teztwre subcoriaceous ; upper surface
naked, pale-green, lower coated with white or yellow powder, the ribs ebeneous ;
sori black.—Pteris, Cav. Cheil. pulveracea, Hk, Sp. 2. p.78. N. candida, Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 111.

374 51. MONOGRAMME.

Hab. California and New Mexico along the Andes.—We include here four species of
Mettenius, His C. Borsigiana, Reich., has the pinne very close, and the lower pair much
larger than the others, with the powder bright-yellow. From this C. cretacea seems to
differ only by its white powder, and there are various intermediate stages. In C. candida
and monosticha the pinne are not so close and less unequal, the powder being white in the
first and yellowish in the latter.

23. N. (Cinc.) flavens, Moore; st. densely tufted, 4-8 in. 1., glossy, naked,
chesnut-brown ; /r. 4-9 in. l, 2-4 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnae dis-
tant, the lower ones deltoid; the pinnl. stalked, with oblong segm. 1-13 lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachises wiry, castaneous ; upper surface naked, lower
densely coated with bright-yellow powder ; sort brown, extending from the edge
nearly to the midrib.—_Gymnogramme, H&. Sp. 5.p. 146. Fil. Ba. t. 47.

Hab. Central America.—Habit of the next, but the powder bright-yellow, and the sori
in a broader band.

24, N. (Cinc.) nivea, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in, ]., chesnut-brown, naked,
glossy, the scales linear, bright-ferruginous ; fr. 3-6 in. l., 14-2 in. br., ovate,
tripinnate ; pinne distant, the lower ones deltoid; the pinni. long-stalked, with
blunt oblong or roundish terminal segm. 1-2 lin. 1., 3-1 lin. br. ; tezture subcori-
aceous ; rachises wiry, glossy, castaneous ; upper surface naked, pale-green,
lower coated with pure-white powder ; sor? brown.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 111.

Hab. Andes, from Mexico to Peru.—N. Hookeri, Lowe, t. 18, is a form known only in
cultivation, with close dilated segments and sessile pinnules.

25. N. (Cine.) chélensis, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. L, stout, glossy, chesnut-brown,
nearly naked ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., ovate, tripinnate ; pimne distant, the lower
ones deltoid ; pinnl, sessile, deltoid ; the lower segm. linear-oblong, 4 in. 1, some-
times pinnatifid ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachises polished ; upper surface naked,
pale-green, lower densely coated with white powder ; sort brown.—Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 112. t. 286. A.

Hab. Juan Fernandez.—Probably this should be joined with the last.

26. N. (Cine.) dealbata, Kunze; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, wiry,
chesnut-brown, the scales linear, ferruginous ; fr. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid, tri-
pinnate ; pinne distant, the lower deltoid ; the lowest pinni. deltoid ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 1 lin. or less 1. by half as broad ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachises slender,
castaneous ; upper surface naked, pale-green, lower coated with pure-white powder.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 113.

Hab. M.ssouri.—Very near N, nivea, but more slender, with closer and more numerous
pinne and smaller lobes.

27. N. (Cine.) Fendlert, Kunze ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, chesnut-
brown, naked, the scales linear, bright-ferruginous ; /r. 2-3 in. each way, deltoid,
tripinnate ; all the rachises very zigzag ; pinnae, pinnl., and segm. all stalked,
deltoid ; lobes close, oblong, blunt, not more than 1 lin. ]. by half as broad ; ¢eg-
ture subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower with fine white powder,—Hz&.
Sp. 5. p. 118.

Hab. New Mexico, Fendler, 1017a.—Very near the last, from which it differs principally
by its very zigzag rachises. i

Gzy. 51. Monocramme, Schk.

Sori linear, close to the midrib on one or both sides. Small grass- or rush-like
plants, the simplest in structure of all the Ferns.

51. MONOGRAMME, § EUMONOGRAMME, §§ PLECROGRAMME. 375

§ Eumonogramme. Frond with a central vein only. Sp.1 7.

1. M. dareawcarpa, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; scales linear ; fr. 2-1
in. 1, 3 lin. br. upwards, narrowed gradually downwards into a short slender
stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori sunk in a deep cleft on one side of the midrib,
the wing which covers it reaching nearly to the edge.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 121.
& 287. A.

Hab. Labuan, Borneo, Barter.

2. M. graminea, Schk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, clothed with squarrose
fibrillose brown scales ; fr. 1-2 in. L, } lin. br., faccid, grass-like ; the cosfa
indistinct ; the sori in a line 2-3 lin. L near the apex, where the edges are incurved.
AM. linearis, K7/. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 122.

Hab. Cape Colony, Mauritius, and Bourbon.

3. M. subfaleaia, HE.; rhizome slender, wide-cpeeping ; 7r.1 in. 1., § lin. br.
towards the point, tapering gradually downwards into an indistinct stem ; tezfure
subeoriaceous ; sor’ sunk in an unequal-sided longitudinal furrow, extending
about 3 in. from the apex.—ZHE. Sp. 5. p. 122. t. 219. A.

Hab. New Hebrides, C. Moore.

4, M. trichoidea, J. Sm. ; rhizome very slender ; fr. 3-4 in. 1.. densely ceespitose,
threadlike, the fertile one dilated in two or three places for a space of } in., and
there bearing the sori in a longitudinal furrow, with a high raised edge on both
sides.—HE. Sp. 5. p. #23. Vaginularia, Fée.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 160.

5. M. rostrata, Hk. ; fr. densely cespitose, 34 in. 1, 1 lin. br., tapering to ihe
point and gradually downwards into an indistinct stem ; fezture coriaceous ; the
surface naked ; the midrib very distinct ; the sori quite sunk in a longitudinal
furrow 1-2 in. L—HE. Sp. 5. p. 122. t. 287. B.

Hab. Nicaragua, C. Wright.

6. M. Junghuhnii, Hk.; rhizome slender ; fr. densely ceespitose, grass-like,
flaccid, 6-12 in. 1., }-4 lin. br. ; tezture herbaceous ; sori deeply sunk in a furrow
on one, or, according to Brackenridge, on bo:h sides of the midrib——HE. Sp. 5.
p- 123. t. 289. B. Diclidopteris angustissima, Brack. Pleurogramme paradoxa,
Fée, oldest name.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Queensland, and Polynesian Islands.

7. M. gramincides, Baker ; fr. tufied, 3-13 in. 1, 1-4 lin. br., simple or once
dichotomously forked, narrowed below to an indistinct stem ; texture coriaceous ;
midrib prominent ; sorus linear-oblong, arising from the midrib near the dilated
point; the edge scarcely incurved.—Grammitis, Sw. M. furcata, Desv., Hk.
Sp. 5. p.121. Cochlidiam, Kaulj.

Hab. Jamaica, Brazil, St. Helena, and reported from Chili by C. Gay.

§§ Pleurogramme, F¢ée. Fronds with indistinct simple lateral veins in addition
to the midrib. Sp. 8-9.

8. M. (Pleur.) seminuda, Baker; fr. cespitose, 4-8 in. L, 13-2 lin. br., tapering
downwards into an indistinct stem; ‘ezture coriaceous, rigid; reins simple,
oblique, not reaching the edge; sor? not sunk in a cavity, originating as 2 rows
close to the midrib, which are ultimately confluent, covering the whole of the

376 52. GYMNOGRAMME, § LEPTOGRAMME,

uppeninart of the frond, the edges of which are more or less inflexed.« Blechnum,
id. M. graminifolia, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 124.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to South Brazil.

9. M. (Pleur.) immersa, Fée ; fr. ceespitose, 2-8 in. ]., 1} lin. br., tapering
downwards into an indistinct stem; habit and veins of the preceding, but the
sori sunk in a deep central longitudinal cavity, and in all our specimens confined
to the central third of the triquetrous frond.— HA. Sp. 5. p. 125.

“Hab, Cuba, Venezuela, and Guiana.—P. myrtillifolia, Fée, supposed to be from
Mexico, has a subspathulate frond 7-8 lin. 1, with the short sorus in a depression near
the point,

Gen, 52, Grmnocranme, Desv, (See page 515.)

Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond, linear or linear-
oblong, simple or forked. A considerable genus, principally tropical, including
plants of very various habit and venation. Tax. 6. f. 52.

Series 1. Habit and mode of growth of Aspidiew. Sori oblong or linear-
oblong, not forked. Sp. 1-13.

§ Leptogramme, J. Sm. Veins free. Differs from Huphegopteris only by its
elongated sori. Sp. 1-11.

* Frond bipinnatifid. Sp. 1-9.

1. G. (Lept.) pilosa, Mart. & Gal.; st. 8-4 in. 1, slender, villose, scaly at the
base ; 77. 6-8 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., lanceolate ; pinne lanceolate, 1 in. 1, § in. br.,
the lower ones slightly bluntly lobed, the lowest scarcely reduced; tezture
herbaceous; rachis and both sides pilose; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
3 simple veinlets on a side ; sord irregular.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 141.

Hab. Mexico.—A doubtful plant; perhaps a small slender form of G@. diplazioides,
more hairy than usual.

2. G. (Lept.) asplenioides, Kaulf. ; caud. stout, suberect ; sé. tufted, 2-6 in. 1.,
villose, and the lower part scaly ; /r. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinne
13-2 in. 1., 4-4 in. br., horizontal, sessile, linear, varying from subentire to cut
more than halfway down to the rachis in the lower part, the lowest lobe on the
upper side produced and the lower side rather truncate; rachis and both sides
slightly pubescent; feature firm-herbaceous; veiniets slightly pinnate in the
lobes ; soré oblong.— H&. Sp. 5: p. 182.

Hab. Panama to Peru and 8S. Brazil.

3. G. (Lept.) Totta, Schlecht ; rhizome decumbent ; st. subtufted, 6-12 in. 1,
slightly scaly below; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., bipinnatifid; pinne lan-
ceolate, 3-5 in. l., 2-1 in. br., with blunt entire lobes 14-2 lin. br., which reach
about halfway down ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both sides finely villose ;
veinlets pinnate in the lobes, with 5-6 veinlets én a side, with the linear-oblong
sori medial. H&. Sp. 5. p. 188. G. Lowei, Hk. @ Gr. Ic. ¢. 188.

Hab. Cape Colony, Guinea Coast, Madeira, Azores, Abyssinia, Himalayas, Neilgherries,
Ceylon, Java, Japan, Hong-Kong, Corea,

4. G. (Lept.) villosa, Link ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, stramineous, densely clothed
with soft spreading greyish hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 6-10 in. br., bipinnatifid ;
pinne 3-5 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut more than halfway down into subfaleate entire
lobes 2 lin. br., the lower ones not reduced, narrowed at the base; teature

7

52, GYMNOGRAMME, § LEPTOGRAMVE 377

herbaceous ; rachis and both sides densely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes,
with 8-10 simple veinlets on a side, the sori in the lower part of each.

Hab. Brazil

5. G. (Lepi.) ne ypod wides, Sprenz.; r}izome creeping; st. 6-9 in. 1, firm,
glossy, naked; jr. 1 ft.1., 6-9 in. br., bipinnatifid; pina lanceolate, 3-5 in. 1,
1 in. br., cut two-thirds of the way down into entire falcate lobes } ip. br., the
lower ones not reduced and with an entire wing at the base; tezture herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 simple veinlets
on a side, with the linear-oblong sort down the centre of each.—HE. Sp. 5.
p. 140.

Hab. Brazil.

6. G. (Lept.) diplazicides, Desv.; st. tufted, 3-4 in. L, glossy, sealy below ;
Jr. 14-2 ft. L, 6-8 in. br., bipinnatifid; central pinne 3-4 in. L, 2-{ in. br., cut
half ts two-thirds of the way down into blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br., the lower
pinnz reduced gradually ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked or
slightly pilose ; reins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-9 simple veinlets on a side, the
sort oblong, offen reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge.—G. Linkiana,
Kze. HE. Sp. 5. p.140. G. rupestris, Kze. Hk. le.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and South Brazil.—Pheg. Duchassagniana, Fé
Mem. 11-12. t. 14, must probably be referred here.

7. G. (Lept.) grandis, Baker ; st. tufted. 1}-2 ft. 1., strong, naked, scaly only
at the very base; fr. 3-4 ft. L, 14-2 ft. br., bipinnatifid ; pinne 8-12 in. 1,
1! in. br., cut three-quarters of the way down to the rachis into oblong falcate
finely serrated lobes 3-4 lin. br.; lowest pinne not reduced ; tezture subcoria-
ceous ; rachis and both sides naked; veins pinnate in the lobes, with about
12 simple veinlets on a side ; soré linear, close to the midrib.

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Holton 29, Linden 54°; Ecuador, Spruce 5236

8. G. (Lept.) gracilis, Heward ; sf. 2-4 in. 1., glossy, scaly ; /r. 2-4 ft. L, 1 ft.
or more br., bipinnatifid ; central pinne 4-8 in. |., 1-14 in. br. cut down very
nearly to the rachis throughout into entire slightly faleate lobes 14-2 lin. br.,
the lower pinne distant and dwindling down very gradually ; texture herbaceous
or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; reins pinnate in the lobes, with
10-15 veinlets on a side; sor? nearer the edge than the midrib.—HE. Sp. 5.
p. 189. t. 292.8, G. consimilis, Fée; fr. smaller ; texture herbaceous ; sanids
6-8 on a side.

Hab. Jamaica ; 8, Guadeloupe, L’ Herminier.

9. G. (Lept.) aurita, Hk.; rhizome. creeping; sf. 1 ft. 1., naked, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; /r. 13-2 ft. L, 8-12 in. br., bipinnatifid or bipinnate ; pinne in
distant pairs, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into lanceolate entire or
crenate lobes,-the lowest on one or both sides longer than the rest and pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachis glossy, castaneous ; both sides naked; veinlets
oe sori oblong, sometimes produced on both forks.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 141.
2 28. 74 5

Hab. North India, up to 6,000 ft.—This has altogether the habit and texture of Poly-
podium distans.
=2 Frond tripinnatifid. Sp. 10-11.
10. G. (Lept.) decurrenti-alaia, Hk. ; st. 18 in. 1, brown, weak, slightly scaly
downwards ; fr. 18 in. L, 1 ft. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinne the largest, lan-

ceolate, 6 in. L, 2 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong bluntly lobed
3B

378 52, aymnogRamME, §§ DIGRAMMARIA — §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME,

pinnl.; texture herbaceous; colowr deep-green; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes of the pinnl., with the sori near the main veins.—/Zé.
Sp. 5. p. 142. t, 294,

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 374.

11. G. (Lept.) opaca, Spreng. ; st. 13-2 ft. ]., strong, stramineous, glossy ; jr.
several ft. ]., often 2 ft. br.; lower pinne often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. close,
lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis below into close oblong, slightly-
toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets forked ;
sori oblong, irregular, close to the midrib.—G. obtusata, Bl. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 148.

Hab. North India and Java,

§§ Digrammaria, Presi. Main veins and lower ones of the same group forming
costular areole, asin Pleocnemia. Sp. 12.

12. G. Tee | ambigua, Hk.; st. slender, nearly naked; fr. 1}-2 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br., oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinnw lanceolate, 5-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br.,
the lower ones slightly stalked, cut halfway down to the rachis or more into
linear-oblong lobes, the fertile ones contracted ; ¢eztwre thinly herbaceous ; colour
dark-green ; rachis and both sides thinly clothed with long jointed hairs;
veinlets of the lobes often forked, the lower ones forming costular areole ; soré
oblong, confluent when the veins fork.—Hék. Sp. 5. p. 150. Heterogonium
aspidioides, Presi.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 154-821.

Sis Stegnogramme, Blume. Veinlets of contiguous groups uniting as in Eu-
nephrodium and Goniopteris. Sp. 18.

13. G. (Steg.) aspidioides, Hk. (non Kaulf.) ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., deciduously
villose ; /7. 12-18 in. ]., 6-10 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinna
lanceolate, 3-5 in. ]., $-1} in. br., bluntly lobed a quarter or third of the way
down to the midrib, truncate at the base; testure herbaceous; rachis and both
sides more or less villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-9 veinlets on a side.
—AHk. Sp. 5. p. 150. 2nd Cent. t. 50.

Hab. Khasya, Ceylon, and Java.—The East Indian is less villose than the Malayan
plant, with narrower pinnz and fewer veins, and is 8. asplenioides, J. Sm.

Series 2. Habit and mode of growth of Cheilanthes. Sori linear, usually
forked. Sp. 14-57.

_ §$$s Eugymnogramme. Veins free, under surface not powdery. Sp. 14-50.
Fig. 52 a.
* Frond simple. Sp. 14-16.

14. G. reniformis, Mart.; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. l., wiry, ebeneous; jr.
1-1} in. each way, the outer edge round, faintly crenated ; texture coriaceous ;
veins flabellate ; sori: simple, linear, at last forming a broad line parallel with the
outer edge 4 in. within it—Hs. Sp. 5. p. 126. 2nd Cent.t.9. Pterozonium,
Fee.

Hab. Brazil and Peru.

15. G. marginata, Mett. ; fr. simple, ligulate-oblong, 8-16 in. l., $-1} in. br.,
narrowed towards both ends, at the base gradually into a short stem, the edge
slightly repand ; texture coriaceous; both sédes naked ; veins prominent, usually
forked ; sori linear.— H&. Sp. 5. p. 127.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1642.—A very distinct plant, with the habit of
Thamnopteris.

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §{§ EUGYMYOGRAWME 379

16. G. pumila, Spreng ; rhizcime filiform; jr. tufted, 13-2 in.]., palmately
forked at the apex, the ultimate lobes narrow and acute, the blade narrowed
below to an indistinct stem ; fexture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green
and glossy ; reins flabellate ; sori linear, irregular.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 126. Hecis-
topteris, J. Sim.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to the A Valley.

=2 Frond simply pinnate. Sp. 17-19.

17. G. Afuelleri, Hk. ; st. tufted, 34 in. 1, wiry, densely clothed with small
linear ferruginous scales ; fr. 46 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., simply pinnate; pinne
sessile, alternate, roundish or oblong, sometimes 3 in. }., }in. br., entire or the
lower ones auricled ; texture thick, coriaceous ; rachis and under surface densely
matted with scales like those of the stem, upper surface pale-green, with scattered
seales ; reins flabellate ; sori linear. HE. Sp. 5. p. 143. t. 295.

Hab. N. E. Aus:ralia ; and gathered lately in Queensland by Mr. Hill.

18. G. restifa, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. L, wiry, more or less matted, the scales
at the base densely tufted, silky, bright-ferruginous ; 77. 6-12 in. |., 1-13 in. br.,
simply pinnaie ; pinne in distant pairs, oblong or cordate-ovate, entire, bluntish,
the lower ones distinctly stalked ; ferture thick, but flaccid; both sides and
rackis densely coated with fine velvety ferruginous hairs; veins flabellate ; sori
forked.— AE. Sp. 5. p. 143. Te. ¢. 115.

Hab, N. W, Himalayas (up to 8,000 ft.) and Pekin.—Veirs sometimes anastomosing
towards the edge.

19. G. rufa, Desv.; st. tufied, 4-12 in. 1, firm, ereci, chesnut-brown, clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; /r. 12-18 in.1., 3-5 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinre
distant, stalked, rounded or cordate at the base, 1-2} in. 1., I in. br., acute or
bluntish, the edge entire ; feziure herbaceous ; eastaneous is pilose, and both
sides slightly so ; veins close, forked, or the lower ones subpinnate, the narrow
sori running along all of them all over the surface.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 145. Neuro-
gramme, Link,

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to the Amazon Valley and Pern.
2% Frond bipinnatijid or bipinnate, Sp. 20-35.

20, G. cordata, Schlecht ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, glossy, ebeneous. more or less
scaly ; fr. 3-6 in. L, 14-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinne oblong,
with a broad centre and suborbicular deeply-toothed lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins flabeliate ; upper surface naked. lower densely coated with ovate acuminate
ferruginous scales ; sori linear, ultimately subconfiuent.—Aé, Sp. 5. p. 131.

Hab. Cape Colony to Bourbon and Angola. — The less-divided forms resemble
Asplenium Ceterach in habit.

21. G. Pozoi, Kunze ; st. tufted, slender, clothed with soft brownish spreading
hairs ; fr. 2-3 in. ].. 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid ; pinne oblong-deltoid,
unequal-sided, 3-3 ir. each way, with a few deep blunt lobes, and obliquely
truncate at the base on the lower side ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both
sites clothed with long soft hairs like the stem; crins flabellate ; sori linear.—
Hk, Ic. t. 935. Hemionitis, Zag. Grammitis hispanica, Cosson.—B, G. ruiafolia,
Hk, & Gr. Ic. t. 90; fr. larger and siouter, some of the hairs glandular.— HE.
Sp. 5. p. 13;.—y, G@. paparerifolia, Kze.; pinne cat down to the rachis into
roundish or spathulate lobes, with a space between them, the lowest sometimes
slightly toothed.— Hi. Sp. 5. p. 138.

Hab. a, Spain; 8, Australia and New Zealand ; y, Chili.

380 _ 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §$§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME,

22, G. Andersoni, Beddome ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1, densely clothed with soft
golden hairs ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., } in. br., oblong, bipinnatifid, with a terminal pénna
and 4-5 lateral pairs, all sessile, roundish-oblong, bluntly lobed from 3-} of the
way down to the rachis ; teatwre thinly herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces clothed
with hairs like those of the stem; veins fine, pinnate ; sori linear.—Beddome,
Fil. Brit. Ind. t. 190.

Hab. Kumaon, at 18,000 ft., Dr. Anderson.

23. G, tomentosa, Desv.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
villose ; fr, 6-12 im i., deltoid and bipinnate when fully developed ; upper pinnae
simple, stalked, rounded or cordate at the base, 1-2 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., entire or °
lobed, lower pinne 1-4 in. 1. with several similar pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ;
castaneous rachis pilose and both sides slightly so ; veins close, the sori running
along all of them all over the surface.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 144.

Hab. S. Brazil and Peru.—Habit of @. rufa, but more divided. They resemble
Hemionitis in habit, but the sori are not at all reticulated.

24, G. angustifrons, Baker ; st. tufted, flexuose, 2-4 in. |., wiry, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; /r. 6-12 in. 1., 4 in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, enrolled at the
point ; pinne with usually a space between them, oblong-deltoid, 3-2 in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., with blunt rounded lobes, the lowest of which reach nearly or
quite down to the rachis ;“tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides pilose ;
veins flabellate ; sori oblong.—G. elongata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 185. (non Swartz).
Jamesonia, /ée.

Hab. -Andes of Ecuador and Peru,

25. G. hirsutula, Mett. ; st. tufted, flexuose, 1-2in. 1. wiry, glossy, castaneous ;
jr. 1 ft. 1, 3-1 in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, not enrolled at the point ; pinne
close, spreading, ovate or ovate-oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis on each
side into 2-5 obovate-cuneate lobes; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides
slightly hairy ; veins not reaching the edge.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 209.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig.—Differs from the preceding by being less hairy, and not
circinate at the point.

26. G. Karstenii, Mett.; st. 2 in. 1, wiry, glossy, castaneous; jr. 1 ft. 1.,
3 in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, the apex enrolled; pinme numerous, lax,
spreading, stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, cuneate at the base, cut down nearly to
the rachis on each side into 1-3 obovate-cuneate lobes ; feature subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides nearly naked ; veins seldom reaching the edge.—Mett. Fil.
Nov. Gran. p. 210.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 15a.

27. G. incisa, Mart. & Lind.; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. ]., ebeneous, slightly
pilose ; fr. 3-4 in. ]., 14 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinne close, lanceolate, cut down
to a broadly-winged centre into oblong entire or forked lobes; tegtwre sub-
coriaceous ; rachis densely villose and both sides less so ; veins one to each lobe ;
sori linear-oblong.—Hh, Sp. 5. p. 134. ss

Hab. New Granada, Linden, 1044.

28. G. mohrieformis, Mett.; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. L, dark purplish-brown,
slightly villose; /r. 2-3 in. 1. 1 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, bipinnate ; lower
pinne the largest, 3 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into
orbicular crenate lobes ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both sides hispid ; veins
conspicuous, flabellate ; sorz small, oblong.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 128. -

Ifab. Peru.

52, GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME. -~ ' 38r

29. G. Ottonis, Klotzsch; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, glossy, wiry, ebeneous ; /r.
5-8 in. L, lin. br., bipinnate; pimne distant, the lowest 4 in. 1., } in. br.;
pinnl, suborbicular, entire or slightly cleft; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachga
ebeneous ; both sides naked ; veins flabellate ; sort irregular, of few capsules.—
Ak. Sp. 5. p. 128.

Hab. Venezuela, Otto, 630.

30. :G. Lindigiz, Mett. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., castaneous, hispid, glossy ; fr. 4-9 in. L,
$-14 in. br., flexuose, bipinnatifid or bipinnate ; pinne 4-2 in. 1, ovate-oblong or
subdeltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis on each side into 3-8 ovate-
rhomboidal or roundish imbricated lobes; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and
both sides hispid ; veins not reaching the edge.—Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 210.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig.—This and the six preceding are closely allied.

31. G. decipiens, Mett.; st. subtufted, 6-9 in. 1., wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
naked; jr. 6-9 in. 1, 2-8 in. br., deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinne imbricated,
stalked, the lowest the largest, 1-14 in. 1., $-? in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, obliquely
truncate at the base below, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into cuneate
or oblong entire or toothed lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; veins flabellate ; sord linear, conspicuous.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 182. t, 291.

Hab. Aneiteum and New Caledonia.—Resembles Asplenium marinwm in habit.

32. G. ferruginea, Kze. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stout and densely clothed with
ferruginous woolly tomentum ; 7/7. 1 ft. or more ]., 3-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinne 2-3 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong
or linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes; teztwre subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked ; lower and rachis densely coated with tomentum ; veins flabellate ;
sort lax, simple or forked.—p, G. anata, Klotzsch ; less woolly beneath ; pinnl.
larger, and the lower ones bluntly lobed halfway down.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 180.

Hab. Peru ; and gathered also by Seeman in Panama.

83. G. Haughtoni, Hk. MSS. ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. L, black, glossy ; fr.
8-4 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinne close, the central ones
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis below into suborbicular
irregularly crenated lobes; texture subcoriaceous ; veins flabellate; colour dark-
green, only the lower surface slightly scaly ; sori oblong, thick, at last often
filling up nearly the whole surface——G. cordata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 181. (in part).
Qnd Cent. t. 7.

Hab, St. Helena.—Perhaps should be joined with @. cordata, from which it differs by
~~ being more deeply cut and hardly at all scaly.

34. G. Hookeri, J. Sm.; sé. tufted, 4-6 in. lL, firm, dark chesnut-brown,
glossy, clothed when young with ferruginous tomentum ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4-5 in.
br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pimma@ numerous, lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into entire or slightly toothed linear-oblong pinni., the longest }-2 in. L.,
with enrolled edges and about their own breadth between them ; texture coria-
ceous; upper surface and castaneous rachis naked ; /ower clothed with ferru-
ginous tomentum.

Hab. Andes of New. Granada, Purdie, Schlim 609, and Bolivia, Mandon 1547,—
Habit of @. ochracea, but the under surface and young stems coated with ferruginous
tomentum, and not powdery.

85. G. javanica, Blume; rhizome creeping ; st. naked, glossy, 1-4 ft. 1.; 7.
1-4 ft. 1., varying from 1 to 2 pinnate; pinni. sessile or slightly stalked, 3-12
in. ]., $-3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the edge entire or finely
toothed ; ¢exture firm-herbaceous ; rachis stramineous, and both sides glossy,

382 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §{§§ EUGYMNOGRAJIME.

sometimes sli hily pubescent; veins close, simple, or once forked, the sore
runing alvag all of them, but stopping a space short of the edge.—H&. Sp. 5.
p- 145. Coniogramme, Fée.

Hab. N. India (up to 8,000 ft.) and Japan to the Sandwich Isles, Fiji, Malayan Islands,
and Ceylon, Fernando Po, Cameroon Mountains, and St. Thomas, West Tropical Africa.
—We include here three species of Fée, C. serrulata, javanica, and serva, and @. pilosa,
Brack., asa hairy form. Diplazium fraxineum and falcatum, D. Don, are the oldest

names.
*xk* Frond tripinnatijid. Sp. 36-45.

36. G. Schomburgkiana, Kze.; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1, naked, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown, flexuose; jr. 2-5 in.1., 1-14 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripin-
natifid; lower pinne deltoid, cut down to the rachis into spathulate cleft or
pinnatifid pinnl.; teature subcoriaceous; rachis wiry like the stem; veins
flabellate ; upper swzface with a few firm hairs on the veins; soré irregular.—
ik. Sp. 5. p. 127. 2nd Cent. t. 92. 2

Hab. British Guiana, Richd, Schomburgk 1196, Appun 1091.

387. G. aureo-nitens, Hk.; st. stout, densely clothed with deciduous dark-
ferruginous tomentum ; the rachis very flexuose and zigzag ; pinne@ on stalks
$-1in. 1, lanceolate-deltoid, the largest 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the
rachis below into blunt irregular subdeltoid pinni. with broad blunt lobes ;
texture thick ; under surface and rachis densely matted with bright ferruginous
tomentum ; soré hidden, elongated, simple or forked.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 180. Ze. t.
820. Eriosorus, Fée.

Hab. Peru.—A fragment from Ecuador resembles thig in cutting and habit, but is much
less woolly, with naked ebeneous rachises.

38. G. Matthewsii, Hk.; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1, gtossy, dark chesnut-brown,
clothed with deciduous dense brown hairs; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 4-5 in, br., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne distant, lanceolate-deltoid, 2 in. 1, 1 in.
br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong-deltoid blunt pinni. with broad
rounded lobes, lowest pinnee distant and reduced ; teature coriaceous; rachis
densely matted with brown hairs, and both sides pilose; veins conspicuous,
flabellate ; sort brown.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 128. t. 290.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1814.

39. G. Warcewiczit, Mett. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., reddish, slightly hairy, at last naked ;
Jr. 6-15 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne 24 in. 1, lax,
sessile or stalked, ovate-rhomboidal or ovate-oblong obtuse, cut down neatly or
below quite to the rachis into ovate-rhomboidal obtuse pinnatifid pinnl., lower

innee distant, reduced ; texture coriaceous, rigid ; upper surface naked, the
ower and reddish flexuose rachis slightly hairy ; veins flabellate—Mett. Fil.
Nov. Gran. p. 211.

Hab. New Granada.

40. G. cheilanthoides, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, slender, plossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; jr. 6-10 in.1]., 1 in. br., ligulate, tripinnatifid ; pinn@ close,
deltoid, 5 in. 1., nearly as broad, the upper lobes simple, linear-oblong, the lower
ones forked or trifid, the largest ult. divisions 1 lin. 1, aoe br. ; texture
herbaceous, the glossy castaneous rachis and both sédes slightly pilose; veins
1 to each ult. division ; sori oblong.—Hé&. Sp. 5. p.185. Hk. & Gr. Ie. t. 24.

Hab. Mauritius and Tristan d’Acunha,

41. G. flabellata, Hk.; st. 38-4 in. 1., wiry, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ; Jr.

PIE EDD

«

_ 52. G@YMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME. ~ 383

8-12 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., elongate-oblong, tripinnatifid ; pinng distant, alternate,
erecto-patent, .1-1} in. 1., $-2 in. br., the lower pinnl. stalked, as broad as long,
cuneato-flabellate, deeply lobed, the lobes oblong, blunt; ¢eature herbaceous ;
both sides and the castaneous rachis pilose ; veins and sori one to each lobe, the
latter confluent in the centre of the.pinnules.—Z&. Sp. 5. p. 134.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson,

42. G. myriophylia, Sw.; st. 6-12 in. 1., reddish-brown, more or less villose ;
Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne distant, lan-
ceolate, 2-3 in. 1,1 in. br. ; pinnd. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into
suborbicular or oblong toothed or pinnatifid segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides pubescent ; veins 1 to each ult. division ; sori oblong, confluent in
the centre of the segments.— Zk. Sp. 5. p. 184. Cheil. glandulifera, Fée.

Hab. Brazil.

43. G. pedata, Kaulf. ; rhizome creeping’; st. distant, 6-12 in. 1., fragile, glossy,
bright chesnut-brown-; jr. 4-6 in. each way, lower pinnw much the largest,
the upper ones lanceolate, with linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes
$-Z in. 1, 3 in. br. ; lowest pénnd. 1-2 in. L., with similar divisions ; teature herba-
ceous ; upper surface slightly hispid, lower pubescent, especially on the midrib ;
sori confluent, forming an intramarginal band.—é. Sp. 5. p. 131.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.—Distinguished by its pedate habit.

44, G. leptophylla, Desv.; st. 1-4 in. 1., tufted, slender, glossy, chesnut-brown ;
jr. 2-4 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., ovate or deltoid, bi- or tripinnate, the barren ones
smaller and on shorter stems; segm. cuneato-flabellate, cut from the circum-
ference to the centre into linear or oblong lobes 4 lin. br. ; texture pellucido-
herbaceous ; a single vezm and line of fruit carried into each ult. lobe.—H&. Sp.
5. p.186., B. Fit.l. Hk. & Gr. t. 25.

Hab. Jersey and shores of the Mediterranean, Barbary States, Azores, Madeira,.Cana-

ties, Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Persia, Neilgherries, New South Wales, Van Diemen’s

“. Land, New Zealand, Andes of Mexico and Ecuador.—This and the two next are annual,

and form the genus Anogramma, of Link.

45, G. Ascensionis, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. l., tufted, slender, almost filiform, greenish
or chesnut-brown ; jr. 2-3 in. I., 1-14 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid ; lower
pinne deltoid ; segm, rhomboidal, flabellately cut, the lobes short and rather
acute ; feature thin-herbaceous ; veins and linear sori 1 to each ult. lobe.—Hs.
Sp. 5. p. 137.—2nd Cent. t. 67.

Hab, Ascension Island, Dr. Hooker, Dr. Curror.—This comes very near some of the
forms of the next species.

*aR*e Fronds quadripinnatifid. Sp. 46-50.

46. G. cherophylla, Desv.; st. tufted, slender, 3-6 in. 1, green upwards,
chesnut-brown near the base ; fr. 3-6 in. l., 2-4 in. br., ovate or deltoid, quadri-
pinnatifid; lower pinne and pinnl. deltoid; segm. flabellately cut, the ult.
divisions short, oblong, subacute ; tezture pellucido-herbaceous, a vein and sorus
to each ult. division, the latter confluent in the centre of the segments.—H&, Sp.
5.p.136. Hk, & Gr. t. 45.

Hab, Cuba and Guatemala to Buenos Ayres and Paraguay.

47. G. microphylla, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. L., slender, fragile, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; 7. 14-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinne
close, the lower ones deltoid ; pinni. deltoid ; ult. dévistons under 1 lin. 1., half as

384 52. aymnoaramME, §§§§§ CEROPTERIS.

broad ; teature pellucido-herbaceous ; veins and sori one to each ult. division, the
latter oblong. —Ak, Sp. 5. p. 129. 2nd Cent. t. 15.

Hab. Khasya, Grifith. Habit of the three preceding, but not annual.

48. G. hirta, Desv.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. l., glossy, dark chesnut-brown, slightly
pilose ; fr. 6-12 in. l, 4-8 in. br., ovate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne
and pinnl. deltoid ; segm. 4-} in. each way, cuneato-flabellate, with blunt oblong
lobes ; teature firm-herbaceous ; rachés castaneous, often slightly fexuose, like
both sides more or less pilose ; veins and soré 1 to each lobe, the latter confluent
in the centre of the segments.—G. laserpitiifolia, Kee. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 133.

Hab. Columbia.—@. Aispidula, Klotzsch (Jamesonia, Kze.), is apparently a reduced
form.

49, G. flexuosa, Desv.; st. 6-18 in. 1, glossy, chesnut-brown, flexuose,
slender ; /r. 3-4 ft. 1., scandent, tri- or quadripinnate ; rachises zigzag, branched ;
pinne reflexed, subdeltoid in general outline; segm, flabellately branched ; wit.
divisions linear or oblong, 4 lin. br., with 1 vein and oblong sorus to each ;
teature firm-herbaceous.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 129, G. retrofracta, Hk. & Gr. Bot. Mise.
3.¢. 112.

Hab. Nicaragua to Peru.

1

50. G. Pearce?, Moore ; st. 6-9 in. 1, glossy, chesnut-brown; jr. about 1 ft.
each way; deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne@ the largest, 4-6 in. 1., sub-
deltoid ; pinni. imbricated ; ult. divisions } in. 1, } lin. br., simple or forked ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; one vein and sorus to each ult.
division.— Moore, G. C. 1864, p. 340.

Hab. Peru ; discovered by Mr. Pearce.—Allied to the preceding, but the divisions
much narrower, and rachis not flexuose. The crown of the root is slightly powdery.

§§§§§ Ceropteris, Link. Differs from Eugymnogramme only “ky the fronds
being conted beneath with white or yellow powder. Sp. 51-57.

51. G. (Cerop.) trifoliata, Desv. ; st. tufted, 8-12 in. 1., stout, erect, dark chesnut-
brown, the lower part scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br., pinnate ; lower pinne
ternate, the upper ones simple, petiolate, 2-4 in. 1, 3-2 in. br., linear-oblong,
nearly entire ; texture herbaceous, the under side usually naked in the barren
fronds, clothed in the fertile ones with white or yellowish powder.—H&, Sp. 5.
p49. GFA.

Hab. Cuba, southward to Peru and Brazil.—A variable plant. We include here three -
species of Fée,—his Trismeria argentea, aurea, and microphylla.

52. G. (Cerop.) triangularis, Kaulf.; st. densely tufted, 6-12 in. 1, dark
chesnut-brown, glossy, nearly naked; j7. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid; lower
pinne much the largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, the others lanceolate, deeply
pinnatifid, with oblong obtuse lobes; texture subcoriaceous; powder varying
from deep orange to white.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 146. Ah. & Gr. t.158. Fil. Ex.
z. 153.

Hab. Vancouver's Island and Oregon southward to Ecuador.

53. G. (Cerop.) tartarea, Desy.; st. tufted, firm, 6-12 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, scaly towards the base; /r. 1-2 ft. 1, 6-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid, bipin-
natifid ; pinne lanceolate, the lowest the largest ; pinni. oblong, obtuse, entire
or nearly so, united or the lower ones free ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; powder dense,
pure white.—G. dealbata, Link.—68 G. ochracea, Presl ; pinnl. very regular and

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §$§{§ CEROPTERIS. 385

only the lowest toothed ; powder bright-yellow.—y, G. ornithopteris, Klotzsch ;
eck more coriaceous, edges of she dividens incurved ; powder white or yellow.
—Hk- Sp. 5. p. 148.—8, G. Steltzneri, Koch ; fr. elongated, flaccid; pinne
lanceolate, subdistant ; powder yellow, thin ; st. and rachis pubescent. G. Bou-
cheana, Afeé.

Hab. Tropical America.—There is no clear line of distinction between this and the
preceding. The forms associated here differ mainly from those placed under calomel:
by being firmer in texture and less divided. G. gui is, Klotzsch, bet
a and y, and G. adiantoides, Karst., is said to differ from 3 by its sublanceolate outline
and acuminate pinnules. We cannot distinguish from G. ochracea a plant gathered by
Gerrard in Natal. :

54. G. (Cerop.) calomelanos, Kaulf.; st. tufted, firm, 6-12 in. L, nearly black ;
“ry. 1-3 ft. L, 6-12in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid; pinne close, lanceolate,
the lowest the largest, sometimes 6 in. 1, 13-2 in. br.; lower pinni. distinct,
lanceolate or subdeltoid, often cut down nearly to the rachis; ¢ezture sub-
coriaceous or herbaceous; powder white.—HE&. G. F. t. 30.—3, G. perusiana,
Desv.: 7. smaller; st. and rachés castaneous; lower pinne deitoii; lower
pinnl. often cut down to the rachis.—~. G. carysonh7tla, Kaulf.: size and habit

<

of B, but the rachis darker and the powder bright yellow.—d/z. dy. 5. p. 148.

Hab. West Indies, southward to Rio Janeiro, Peru, and Samoa; Tropical West
African Islands.—We include here a wide range of forms connected by very gradual
intermediate stages. G. L’Herminieri, Vartensia, and Massoni of Link, and C. inter-
media, Fée, are all intermediate between a and y. The Polynesian plant is G. Bracken-
ridget of Carruthers.

55. G. (Cerop.) pulchella, Linden ; st. tufted, firm, 6-9 in. L, dark chesnut-
brown, powdery ; /r. 6-12 in. L, 4-6 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower
pinne the largest, lanceolate-deltoid ; pinn/. imbricated, the lower ones sub-
deltoid ; segm. fiabellato-cuneate, often 4 in. br.; texture herbaceous ; powder
pure white.— HE. Fil. Ez. t. 74.

Hab. Venezuela.—Joined in “Sp. Fil” to G. sulphurea, from which it differs by its
more robust habit, white powder, and frond broadest at the base. It comes very near
G. peruviana. Var. Wetenhalliana, Moore, is « garden variety, with pale sulphur-
coloured powder.

56. G. (Cerop.) sulphurea, Desv.; st. densely tufted, 1-6 in. 1, generally
short, slender, chesnut-brown, often powdery ; /r. 6-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne lanceolate, the lower ones gradually reduced ;
pinnl. flabellately cut, with entire or cleft cuneate segm. 1-1} lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; powder bright yellow.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 147.

Hab. West Indies.—Distinguished by its cutting, small size, herbaceous texture and
frond narrowed in the lower third.

57. G. (Cerop.) argentea, Mett.; st. tufted, slender, 3-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown,
glossy ; /r. 6-12 in. 1, subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinne not numerous, often
distant, deltoid, the lower ones 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br.; pinni. and segm. deltoid,
the ult. divisions small, flabeilato-cuneate; tezture herbaceous ; powder white
or tinged with red ; sori pale-brown.—G. conspersa, Kze. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 147.
G. farinosa, Bojer. G. rosea and Thiebautii, Deseo.

Hab. Mascaren Isles and Natal.—G. c:vspersa, Kze., 3 to be a slender flaccid

form of the Mascaren species. G. aurea. Lesv. ‘A crostichum, Bory), is a variety with
yellow powder found in Madagascar, Bourbon, and Angola,

386 52, GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§§§ SYNGRAMME.

Series 3, Habit and mode of growth of Eupolypodium. Sp. 58-84.

§§§§§§ Syngramme, J. Sm. Veins close, subparallel, united only by transverse
veiniets near the margin. Fig. 52. d. Sp. 58-65.

58. G. (Syn.) borneensis, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, woody, densely clothed with
nearly black fibrillose scales; 77. subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., }-2 in. br., ligulate,
narrowed to both ends, the edge very slightly toothed, the barren ones the
broadest ; texture coriaceous; both sid@ naked ; veins immersed, once or twice
forked, connected by indistinct transverse veinlets close to the edge.—Hké. Sp. 5.
p. 154, t. 801.

Hab. Borneo, 7. Lobb.

59. G. (Syn.) cartilagidens, Baker ; rhizome slender, creeping, clothed with
very small black fibrillose scales ; sf. }-4in. 1; /r. 4-6 in. L, 4-2 in. br., ligulate,
the point acuminate, the lower half narrowed very gradually, the edge thickened
and fringed with close small distinctly cartilaginous linear teeth ; tezture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, close, very distinct when the frond is
held up to the light, connected only just within the edge and the connecting vein
not always distinct from the thickened border; soré fine, close, separated by a
space from the midrib. :

Hab. Borneo, Signor Beccari ; communicated by Mrs. Lyell.—Differs from the last by
its thinner texture, finer veins and sori, and very peculiar teeth.

60. G. (Syn.) obtustfolia, Hk.; rhizome creeping, fibrillose; sé. 2-3 in. 1,
naked, greenish, flexuose ; /7. 6-9 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., ligulate, the point blunt, the
lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous; both sides naked ;
veins prominent, simple or forked, connected near the edge; sori linear-oblong,
medial. Hz. Sp. 5. p. 158. t. 299. :

Hab. Java, De Vriese,

61. G. (Syn.) Lobddiana, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., glossy, ebeneous ; fr. 6-10
in. 1., 3-2 in. br., linear-oblong, entire, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed or
slightly rounded ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked; veins parallel, simple or
forked, united by a series of transverse veinlets a short distance from the edge,
which bound the copious sori. —Hk. Sp. 5. p. 158. t. 800.

Hab. Borneo, 7. Lobb.

62. G. (Syn.) vitteformis, Hk.; st. subtufted, 12-18 in. 1., naked, flexuose,
dark-brown ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 13-24 in. br., spathulate-oblong, the edge irregularly
repand, the point acute; ¢estwure subcoriaceous ; both sides-naked ; veins fine,
parallel, forming one or two rows of distinct areole near the edge; sorz
extending from the midrib to the margin.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 154. :

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 329.

63. G. (Syn.) Wallichi?, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 6-18 in. 1., firm, glossy, chesnut-
brown, slightly fibrillose towards the base; fr. 6-10 in. |., 14-2 in. br., oblong-
Janceolate, quite entire, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed rather gradually ;
teature subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, parallel, uniting ones near
the edge and indistinct beyond where they join ; sori extending on all the veins
from the midrib to where they unite.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 155. t. 802.

. Hab, Singapore and Borneo.

64. G. (Syn.) alismaefolia, Hk.; sf, subtufted, 6-18 in. 1, firm, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; /r. 5-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong, the apex acuminate, the base
rounded, the edge entire; tewture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine,

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§$§§§ SELLIGUEA. 387

parallel, uniting only near the edge, and indistinct beyond where they join ; sorz
extending on all the veins from the midrib to where they join.—ZE. Sp. 5.
p. lod.

Hab. Singapore and Philippines. United by Kuhn with the last.

65. G. (Syn.) quinata, Hk.; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy, naked, straw-coloured or
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 48 in. br., quinate, the terminal pinna the
largest, 6-12 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate acuminate, the edge entire,
the lower part narrowed gradually to the base, the lowest pair deflexed and
originating from the base of the lateral pair ; tezture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; veins fine, parallel, uniting near the edge, with long sori upon all of
them.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 152. t. 297.

Hab. Borneo, Vanecolla, and Solomon Isles.—Frond like the leaf of a horse-chesnut.

§§§§§S§ Selliguea, Bory. Veins anastomosing variously and usually copiously.
Differs from Phymatodes only by the elongated sori. Fig. 52.e.f. Sp. 66-84.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 66-79.
+ Main veins hidden. Sp. 66-70.

66. G. (Sell.) lanceolata, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales small, linear,
duil-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, }-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the
lower third narrowed gradually to the base or a short stem ; texture thick,
coriaceous but flaccid ; both stdes naked ; veins obscure, the midrib much more
slender than in G. involuta, the sor? more oblique and falling considerably short
of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 156. Grammitis, Hk. & Gr. t. 43.

Hab. Japan, China, Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Fiji, Samoa, Mascaren Isles,
Natal, Guinea Coast.

67. G. (Sell.) mexicana, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales large, lan-
ceolate-acuminate, dull-brown ; fr. subsessile, 6-10 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point
acute, the lower half narrowed very gradually to the base; texture coriaceous
but flaccid ; both sides naked ; veins obscure, the midrib broad and fleshy at the
base but almost vanishing upwards; som linear-oblong, few and not close,
almost in one row on each side, not far from the midrib.—Selliguea, Fée. G.
Salvinii, H&. Sp. 5.p.157. 2nd Cent. t. 71.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

68. G. (Sell.) eongata, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; st. distant,
din. 1, naked, ebeneous; /r. 4-8 in. ]., }-4 in. br., narrowed gradually to both
ends, the edge entire; ¢ezture coriaceous; both sides thinly clothed with small
scales ; veins obscure ; midrib black in the lower part ; soré linear-oblong,
placed end to end in single rows midway between the midrib and edge.—Hé. Sp.
5. p. 157.

Hab. Cuba to Rio Janeiro and Juan Fernandez.— Habit and scales of Polyp.
lanceolatum.

69. G. (Sell.) éxvoluta, Hook.; rhizome creeping, the scales large, lanceolate,
dull-brown ; fr. 8-12 in. |, 1-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge entire, the
lower part narrowed very gradually to the base or a short broad compressed
stem ; tezture thick, coriaceous but flaccid ; both sides naked ; areole obscure,
without free veinlets ; sort in long parallel very oblique lines reaching from the
midrib nearly to the edge.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 155. Grammitis, Hk. & Gr. t. 53,
S. Wallichiana, Hé. Je. t. 204.

Hab. N. India, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malaccas, Solomon Isles,

388 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §$§§$$§ SELLIGUEA.

70. G. (Sell.) avenia, Baker ; rhizome creeping, the scales linear, dull-brown ;
fr. 12-18 in, 1, 1-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge entire, the lower
half narrowed gradually to the base or a short stout black stem ; texture sub-
coriaceous; both sides naked; areole distinct, with free veinlets; sori in long
parallel oblique lines nearly touching the midrib but falling short of the edge.—
Grammitis, Blume.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—Habit of the last, but thinner in texture, not
wrinkled when dry, the areolz finer, and furnished with free veinlets.

tt Main veins distinct nearly or quite to the edge. Sp. 71-79.
A. Main veins fine, texture of the frond papyraceous. Sp. 71-75.

71. G. (Sell.) membranacea, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales small,
linear, nearly black ; st. 2-6 in. L, nearly naked; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-13 in. br.
the point much acuminated, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; teature papyraceo-herbaceous; both sides naked; primary veins
distinct to the edge, but zigzag and very slender, united by similar transverse
veinlets so as to form large hexagonal areole ; sori in oblique parallel inter-
rupted lines, one between each main vein.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 159.

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines.

72. G. (Sell.) Wrightit, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales small,
linear, dull-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, naked; /r. 12-18 in. l., 1-1} in. br., the
apex acute, the edge irregularly repand, narrowed suddenly about the middle
and below this very gradually into the stem; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, but zigzag and very slender ;
areole copious, with free included veinlets; sor? in continuous oblique parallel
rows one between each main vein.— Zh. Sp. 5. p. 160. #. 303.

Hab. Loo Choo and Formosa,

73. G. (Sell.) regularis, Baker ; rhizome creeping, the scales } in. 1., ovate-
lanceolate, subferruginous; sf. 1-6 in. 1; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
16 in. 1., 23 in. br., elongate-oblong, narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge
entire, the fertile ones 8 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; ¢ezture papyraceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins 2-3 lin. apart, the areole.copious, subquadrate, the main ones divided
into distinct secondary ones with free veinlets ; sori in single interrupted or con-
tinuous rows between the main veins.—Polyp. Met. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 225.

Hab. Borneo, Xorthals.

74. G. (Sell.) macrophylla, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, the scales lanceolate, dull-
brown ; st. 2-6 in. ]., naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, the edge entire ; exture papyraceous ; main veins distinct but slender
and zigzag, with copious uniform subquadrangular areole with free veinlets
between them ; sori in single continuous or slightly interrupted rows between
the main veins.— Zé. Sp. 5. p. 159.

Hab. Malay and Philippine Isles and New Guinea.

75. G, (Sell.) spuria, Baker ; rhizome creeping, the scales ovate-acuminate,
brown ; st. 9 in. 1., reddish-brown, margined upwards; fr. 1 ft. L, 8 in. br.,
ovate-oblong, the base cuneate, the point bluntish, the edge subrepand ; texture
papyraceous ; both sides naked; main veins straight, prominent, 38-4 lines
apart ; areole irregular, the main ones divided, and those again sometimes
subdivided with free veinlets ; sori in single interrupted rows.—Polyp. Met. Fil.
Ind, 2. p. 226.

" Hab. Celebes, Forsten,

52, GYMNOGRAMME, §§§{§§§ SELLIGUEA, 389

B. Main veins prominent, texture coriaceous. Sp. 76-79.

76. G. (Sell.) Féez, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales bright-brown,
fibrillose ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 3-4 in. L., 1}-2in. br., ovate-oblong, on
stems 1-3 in. 1., the fertile ones 3-6 in. ]., $-1} in. br., on shorter stems, both
acute and entire ; ¢ezture coriaceous; both sides naked; main veins distinct, the
intermediate veinlets obscure; sort linear-oblong, immersed, in single rows
between the main veins, not reaching either to the midrib or edge.—Hk&. Sp.
5. p. 158.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles.—P. vulcanicum, Blume, is said to be like this, but
to have the barren and fertile fronds uniform.

77. G. (Sell.) heterocarpa, Blume ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
dense, } in. L., linear, full-brown ; s¢.6-9 in. L., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 1-2
in. br., the point much acuminated, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; both szdes naked, glossy ; main veins distinct
to the edge, the veinlets hidden ; sorz linear-oblong, immersed, one between each
main vein, not extending either to the edge or midrib. H&. Sp. 5. p. 160.

Hab. Java,

78. G. (Sell.) Hamiltoniana, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
linear, dull-brown ; /r. dimorphous, the barren ones 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., spathu-
late, the stem 2-3 in. 1., the fertile ones 4-6 in. l., 14 in. br., the stems more than
1 ft. 1, slender, naked ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked; main veins
distinct to the edge, with copious intermediate areole with free included veinlets ;
sori in broad continuous rows, one between each main vein.—H/. Sp. 5. p. 160.
Ceterach pedunculata, Ak. & Gr. t. 5.

Hab. East Himalayas (subtropical region).

79. G. (Sell.) caudiformis, Hk.; rhizome woody, creeping, the scales large,
pale-brown, lanceolate ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy, pale-brown ; fr. 6-9
in. ]., ovate-oblong acuminate, the sterile ones 3-4, the fertile ones 1-2 in. br. ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, the veinlets
obscure ; sor in one continuous or interrupted row between the main veins.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 158. Bot. Mag. t. 5828.

Hab. Mergui, Moulmein, and Malayan and Polynesian Isles to Tahiti and New
Caledonia.

** Fronds compound.—Sp. 80-84.

80. G. (Sell.) palmata, Baker ; st. 6-9 in.1., polished, naked, ebeneous; 7.
6-9 in. each way, cut down palmately very nearly to the base into five divisions,
the central one 4-6.in. 1., 1-14 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, slightly sinuated, the
others similar but shorter, and often unequal-sided ; texture thin-herbaceous ;
both sédes nearly naked ; main veins wavy and falling short of the edge ; areol@
fine, irregular, with a.féw free veinlets ; sori fine, irregular in shape, united on
the uniting veinlets.

Hab. San Christoval, Solomon Isles, Milne, 508.

81. G. (Sell.) eldiptica, Baker; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. 1 ft. or
more l., firm, erect, naked, stramineous ; fr. 12-18 in. 1’, 6-9 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis in the upper and quite in the lower part into 4-6 linear-oblong
pinne on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., 4-14 in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachzs
and both sides naked ; main veins slender, not distinct to the edge ; areol@ large
and unequal, with free veinlets ; soré linear, oblique, reaching the midrib, but
not the edge.—Polyp. Zhunb. G. decurrens, Hh, Sp. 5. p. 161.

390 53. BRAINEA. 654, MENISCIUM.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) and Japan southward to Moulmein, the Philippines,
wnd Queensland.—Oldham gathered in Formosa a form with the fronds quite entire.

82. G. (Sell.) pinnata, Hk.; st. subtufted, 6-12 in. 1, firm, erect, glossy ;
r. 1. ft. or more l., nearly as br., simply pinnate ; pinne@ erecto-patent, 6-9
in. l., 3-1 in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the lower ones stalked, the
edge nearly entire; teature coriaceous; rachis and both sides naked; areolw
narrow, irregular, usually in two rows between the midrib and edge; soré
eens or linear, irregular, often confluent.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 151. Dictyogramme,

oore.

Hab. Fiji and Queensland to the Malay Isles.—G. ? subtrifoliata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 152.
t. 298, from Fiji, is like this in habit and the shape of the pinne, but they are only three
in number, and the veins join hardly at all. The fruit is not known.

83. G. (Sell.) japonica, Desv.; rhizome creeping; sé. 6-12 in. 1., glossy,
stramineous or chesnut-brown, naked; fr. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., simply pinnate
or bipinnate at the base ;- pinne 6-12 in. |, 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong, acuminate,
entire, the lower ones stalked ; teature herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins close, usually twice forked, and joining once, the sord often on all of them
and extending from the midrib to the edge.—A&. Sp. 5. p. 151. Dictyogramme,
Presi.

Hab.’ Japan and Formosa.—Probably not really distinct from @. javanica,

84. G. (Sell.) podophylla, Hk.; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1, dark chesnut-brown,
glossy ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pinnew much the largest, cut down
nearly to the rachis into oblong-lanceolate lobes, the lowest only prolonged and
pinnatifid ; teztwre herbaceous ; under surface finely pubescent ; vezws copiously
reticulated ; soré in the outer half of the lobes.—Z&. Sp. 5. p. 152. t. 296.

Hab. Mexico and New Mexico.—Probably a form of G. pedata, with which it quite
agrees in everything except venation.

Gen, 53. Brainza, Hh.

Sort continuous along transverse veins near the midrib and also produced
along the veins in the direction of the edge of the frond. A single subarborescent
Indian and Chinese species resembling Blechnum in general habit, but with naked
sori and the veins forming costular areole. Tas. VI. f. 53.

1. B. insignis, Hk. ; trunk 3-4 in. thick, the scales linear, ferruginous, 2-1
in. 1.5 sé. firm, 3-4 in. 1., naked, scaly only at the base; /r. 2-3 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br.,
simply pinnate; pinne close, numerous, linear, finely serrated ; teeture coria-
ceous; vachis and both sides naked.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 162. Fil. Ex. t. 38.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Khasya.

Gen. 54. Meniscium, Schreb.

Sori oblong or linear, occupying the connivent transverse veinlets. Fronds
simple or once pinnate. A small genus, almost confined to the tropics, with the
denation of Polypodium § Goniopteris, from which it differs only by its elongated
or confluent sort. Tan. VI. f. 54. :

* Fronds simple. Sp. 1-2.

1. M. simples, Hk.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. stramineous, slightly
pubescent, of the barren frond 4-6 in., of the fertile 1 ft. or more l.; darren

54. MENISCIUM. 391

Jr. 6-9 in. 1, 2-3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate acuminate, the base cordate and
sometimes auricled, the edge crenate ; /ertéle fr. similar, but smaller; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins beneath pubescent, main veins 4 in. apart; areole 8-12
between the midrib and edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p.162. Fil. Ex. t. 83.

Hab. Chusan, Hong-Kong, and Formosa.—Kunze considers this a simple form of
M. triphyllum.

2. M. giganteum, Mett.; st. 1 ft. 1., dark-brown, slightly pubescent; 77.
13-2 ft. 1, 4 in. br., elongate-oblong, narrowed rather suddenly at both ends,
the edge slightly repand; dezture papyraceous; veins beneath nearly naked,
‘main veins jin. apart; areola 30-40 between the midrib and edge.—Hé. Sp. 5.
p.- 163.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2292. Probably a variety of reticulatum.
*= Frond pinnate. Sp. 3-10.

83. M. triphyllum, Sw.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping; st. slender, substra-
mineous, slightly pubescent, of the barren frond 4-6 in., of the fertile frond 1 ft.
or more |. ; fr. with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 4-6 in. 1., 1-13 in. br.,
the base cuneate or rounded, the edge repand, and 1-2 similar but smaller ones
on each side, the fertile ones smaller than the barren ones ; terture subcoria-
ceous ; veins beneath slightly pubescent, main veins 4 in. apart; areole 6-9
between the midrib and edge.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 163. Hk. & Gr. t. 120,

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, S. China, and Malaccas.

4. M. Thwaitesiz, Hk.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping; sf. 9-12 in. 1, sub-
stramineous, nearly naked; fr. 8-10 in. ]., 4-5 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex
acuminate, crenato-pinnatifid, below this several blunt linear-oblong subentire
pinne, the lowest the largest, distinctly stalked, 2-3 in.1., Zin. br., the edge
bluntly, not deeply, lobed, the base narrowed suddenly ; texture herbaceous ;
colour dark-green; midrib beneath pubescent ; main veins 1 lin. apart; areole
and soré 4-5 in the lower pinne between the midrib and edge.

Hab. Ceylon, C. P. 3145.

5. M. pauciflorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in.1., glossy, brownish ; jr. 12-18
in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; penne numerous, spreading, in, apart, 3-4 in, |., 2-3 lin.
br., narrowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge sharply
toothed ; terture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areole in 1-2 rows
between the midrib and edge.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 164.

‘Hab. Sierra del Crystal, West Tropical Africa, Mann, 1672.

6. M. salicifolium, Wall.; st. 1 ft. or more-1., stramineous or pale-brown,
glossy ; fr. 12-18 im. 1, 1 ft. br.; pimne numerous, 3-14 in. apart, 4-8 in. 1.,
3-2 in. br., narrowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge
nearly entire, the lowest the largest ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides glabrous ; main veins oblique, 1 lin. apart; areola 4-5 between the midrib
and edge.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 164. 2nd Cent. t. 90.

Hab. Penang and Singapore.

7. M. angustifolium, Will.; st. subtufted, 6-18 in. 1, firm, erect, slightly
pubescent ; /r. 14-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; pinne spreading, 4-6 in. ]., 3-2 in. br.,
narrowed gradually to a long acuminate point, the edge subentire, the base
cuneate, the lower ones often stalked ; tezture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins
beneath pubescent ; fertile pinne much narrower than the barren ones; main
veins 1 lin. apart ; areole 4-6 between the midrib and edge—Hké. Sp. 5. p. 164

Hab. West Indies to Pern.

392 55, ANTROPHYUM.

8. M. serratum, Cav.; st. 1-3 ft. 1. stout, brownish, glossy ; jr. 3-4 ft. or
more l., 1 ft. or more br. ; pénna@ 1-3 in. apart, 6-12 in. I, 4-2 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, the base cordate or cuneate, the apex acuminate, the edge finely
toothed ; teature subcoriaceous; both sédes naked; main veins 4 in. apart;
ted 12-20 between the midrib and edge.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 165. "M. palustre,

a

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — Doubtfully distinct from
M. reticulatum.

9. M. cuspidatum, Blume; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or
more br.; pinne 6-9 in. ]., 1-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge nearly
entire, the base cuneate or rounded, often slightly stalked ; teatwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or nearly so; main veins 13-2 lin. apart ; areole
6-20 between the midrib and edge.—Blume, t. 45.

Hab, Himalayas, Malaccas, Philippines.—Very probably a Meniscioid form of Polyp.
wrophyllum, with which Hooker united it. M. villosum, J. Sm., and M. Parishii, Bed-
dome, have pubescent and more herbaceous pinne than the form described above, and
M. Cumingii, Fée, is a glabrous form, with narrower and thinner pinne, the lateral
ones few or sometimes absent.

10. M. reticulatum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 1-8 ft. 1, stout, brownish, glossy ; fr. 2-4
ft. 1, 1 ft. or more br. ; pinmne 6-12 in. 1., 1-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the
edge entire or subrepand, the base rounded or cuneate ; feature subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or slightly pubescent ; main #eéns 1-1} lin. apart ;
areole 8-12 between the midrib and edge.—#&. Sp. 5. p. 165.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru.—M. macrophyllum, Kze., appears
to be a form with a few large pinne. M. molle, Mett., gathered in New Granada by
M. Triana, has the rachis and under surface softly hairy, and quite entire pinne 1 ft. L.,
lin, br., truncate on the upper and rounded on the lower side at the base. M. sorbe-
folium, Willd. (M. Kapplerianum, Fée), is a form with narrower pinne than usual, the
lower ones slightly stalked.

Gen. 55. Anrropuyum, Kaulf,
Sori carried along the veins, imperfectly reticulated. 4 small genus of closely
allied species almost restricted to the tropics, all with simple fronds of firm but
Sleshy texture and copious uniform hexagonal areola, Tas. VI. fig. 55.

* Sori sunk in a distinct groove. Sp. 1-8.

1, A. Lineatum, Kaulf.; fr. 6-12 in. 1., }-4 in. br., the point acute, the edge
entire, the lower half narrowed very gradually to the base; a distinct slender
raised midrib throughout ; areole very long and narrow; soré in 2-3 almost
continuous lines on each side of the midrib parallel with it, sunk in deep furrows
with raised edges.—Hk. Sp. 5. p.175. Polyteenium, Desv.

Hab, Cuba and Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil.— Habit of Vittaria, but the sori multi-
serial, 2

2. A. subfalcatum, Brack. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge
entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually to the base or a short stem, an
indistinct midrib in the lower part ; areolw vertical, about two on each side the
midrib, several times longer than broad ; sori moderately immersed, in 2-4 long
eee lines, hardly uniting —H&. Sp. 5. p. 175. A. Brookei, Hk. 2nd

ent. t. 79. °

Hab. Borneo, Fiji, and Samoa,

55, ANTROPHYUM. 393

3. A. émmersum, Mett. MSS. ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., 4-3 in. br., narrowed gradually to an
acute point and at the base to a short stem ; fezture thick ; no distinct midrib;
central areol@ vertical, long and narrow ; veens distinctly raised on the upper
surface ; sori quite immersed, often forked.—Hemionitis, Bory. A. pumilum,
Kaulf. Hk. & Grev. Ic. t.46. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 170.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Malaya.

4. A. coriaceum, Wall.; fr. 6-8 in. 1., $3 in. br., narrowed very gradually
from the centre to the base and an acute point ; texture very thick ; no midrib ;
the areole very long and narrow, very distinctly raised on the upper surface ; the
sort quite immersed, sometimes confluent.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 168.

Hab. Himalayas, the Philippine and Malayan Isles.—A. nanum, Fée, is as coriaceous in
texture, but not so plicate. In our specimens the fronds are oblong-spathulate, and only
1 in. 1, so that itis very doubtful whether the plant be not an undeveloped condition of
some of the other species.

5. A. planiagineum, Kaulf. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., broadest one-third of
the way down, the point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually into a stem
1-4 in. 1.; no midrib; areole 1-3 in. 1., $ in. br.; the sori copious, deeply
immersed, often uniting.—, A. angustatum, Brack. ; texture thinner ; fr. ligu-
late, 1 ft. 1., Zin. br.; st. 6 in. L—A&. Sp. 5. p. 170. A. Lessoni, Bory. Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 170.

Hab. Ceylon, Himalayas, and Malay ; Philippine and Polynesian Isles.—A. parvulum,
Blume, looks like a small narrow-fronded form of this.

6. A. Cumingii, Fée; fr. 18 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., ligulate, about equal in width
in the central half, narrowed very gradually to the base and an acute point,
with a black médrib in the lower quarter, the central areole several inches long
and not more than 3 lin. br. ; sorz very slender, deep-sunk, often joining, the
edge of the furrow rather raised.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 167.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 416.—According to Mettenius, this is a variety of the
Malayan A. callefolium, Blume, and differs from the next by its narrower longer
rhizome-scales, and softer fronds narrowed gradually to the base.

7. A. reticulatum, Kaulf.; fr. 6-15 in. L., 13-2 in. br., broadest about one-
‘third of the way down, the point blunt or acute, the lower part narrowed very
gradually to the base or a short compressed stem ; midrib scarcely any ; areole
several in. 1., 1-14 lin. br., very distinctly raised on the upper surface; sori
_copious, often joining, raised above the surface.— Hz. Sp. 5. p. 169.

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, and Malaccas to Aneiteum and Queensland,

8. A. semicostatum, Blume; jr. 6-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., broadest about one-
third of the way down, narrowed to an acute point and very gradually to the
“base or a short stem, the edge entire, with a distinct blackish midrib in the lower
half, the central areole often 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br.; sor? copious, often joining,
rising above the surface.—H. Sp. 5. p. 168. A. latipes, Kunze.

Hab. Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines, and Polynesian Isles.—Species 2 to 8 come very
near to one another, and cannot be regarded as clearly distinct.

** Sori superficial or but slightly immersed. Sp. 9-16.

9. A. ensiforme, Hk. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, }-Z in. br., ligulate, the point acute, the
edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually from halfway down to the
base ; midrib broad, obscure, lost upwards; veins sunk, forming 3-4 rows of
irregular hexagonal areole between the midrib and edge; sord raised above the

3D

394 55. ANTROPHYUM.

surface, oblique, linear-vermiform, often forked.—Hé&. Sp. 6. p.174. Zc. t. 894.
2nd Cent. t.70. Scoliosorus, Moore.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.— Connects Antrophywm with the Selliguece of the
lanceolata group. :

10. A. danceolatum, Kaulf.; fr. 1 ft. or more 1, }-4 in. br., the point acute,
the edge entire, the lower ‘half narrowed very gradually to the base 3 texture
papyraceous, a distinct slender raised midrib throughout; areolw vertical,
hexagonal, 2-3 times as long as broad, about three rows between the midrib and
edge ; sord slender, superficial, often joining.—H&., Sp. 5. p. 176.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to New Granada.—The Mexican A. Féet, Schaff., is a
short broad variety of firmer texture, with a slightly repand margin.

11. A. subsessile, Kunze ; fr. 6-12 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., broadest one-third of the
way down, narrowed gradually to the base and an acute point; texture firm ;
midrib raised, distinct from the base to the apex; areole oblique, hexagonal,
a twice as long as broad; sord subsuperficial, often forked.—Hk. Sp. 6.
p. 171.

Hab, Cuba and Guatemala to Peru.

12. A. cayennense, Kaulf. ; st. 1-4 in. 1.3 fr. 6-9 in. 1, 1-13 in. br.. lanceolate-
oblong, narrowed at both ends, the edge thickened, entire ; texture rather firm, a
distinct prominent midrib extending from the base to the apex ; areole oblique,
hexagonal, half as broad as long; sori subsuperficial, often forked.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 171.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley.—Closely allied to the preceding. The two may
be readily distinguished by their raised midribs and short oblique areole.

13. A. latifolium, Blume; st. 3-6 in. 1., stout, compressed, widening into the
frond gradually ; fr. 4-6 in. L, 3-4 in. br., oblong or obovate, the apex cuspidate,
the edge entire or slightly repand towards the point, the base narrowed very
gradually ; teature thick ; no distinct midrib ; areole vertical, 2-3 in. 1., 4 in. br. 5
sori stout, copious, rarely joining. —H&. Sp. 5. p. 172.

Hab. Java and Bootan.

14, A. Mannianum, Hk.; st. 6-9 in. 1, slender, blackish, curved: j. 6-9
in. 1., nearly as broad, obovate or roundish, the apex cuspidate, the edge repand,
the base broad-cuneate ; feature thin, no distinct midrib; the areole 1-2 in. 1.,
4 in. br., radiating from the base to the circumference ; sord slender, copious,
_ often joining. —Hk. Sp. 5. p.173. 2nd Cent. t. 73.

Hab. Guinea Coast.

15. A. Boryanum, Kaulf.; st. 1-4 in. 1., stout, compressed, passing into the
frond gradually ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., broadest a third or halfway down,
the point acute or blunt, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ;
no distinct médrib ; areole numerous, vertical, hexagonal, } in. l., 4 in. br. ;

sort slender, often joining. Hk. Sp. 5. p.172. Hk. & Gr. t. 74.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and Johanna Island.—A. obtusum, Kaulf., does not appear
to be clearly distinguishable.

16. A. giganteum, Bory ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., broadest a third of the
way down, narrowed very gradually to a short very stout paleaceous stem, the
edge with a broad entire cartilaginous border 5 texture very thick ; areole close and
ae vertical, about 7 in. 1, 1 lin. br. ; soré slender, often joining.—HZ&, Sp. 6.
Pp. 174.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

56. vITTARLA, § EUVITTARIA, §$ THNIOPSIS. 395

Gen. 56, Virraria, Sm. (See page 517.)

Sori in continuous marginal or slightly intramarginal lines. A small genus,
almost entirely tropical, with free veins and grass-like fronds of subcoriaceous
teature, It has considerable claim to be placed in the Involucrate series near Lind-
saya. The species are very dificult of discrimination, and we have admitted here
considerably fewer than M. Fée, who has published an elaborate illustrated mono-
graph of the genus, in which he relies to a large extent upon microscopie characters
eg shape of the spores and abortive capsules) to characterize them. Tas. VI.

g. 56.

§ Euvittaria, Sori sunk in a two-lipped marginal groove. Sp.1. Fig. 56. a.

1. V. elongata, Sw. ; fr. 6-18 in. |., }-} in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the
lower part narrowed very gradually to the base; ¢ewtwre subcoriaceous ; midrib
faint or distinct ; veins simple, oblique, immersed, parallel, connected by an
intramarginal veinlet; sori quite sunk in a eared groove with two nearly
equal lips which open outwards.

Hab. Himalayas and Benin to Sandwich Isles, New South Wales, and Ceylon ; Mas-
caren Isles, Seychelles, and Guinea: Coast.— We cannot separate from this clearly V. 203-
tereefolia, bisulcata, isoetifolia, owariensis, rigida, ensiformis, intermedia, plantaginea, and
anodontolepis of authors, The two first are said to have a distinct midrib, the others
none. See Luerssen’s recent monograph, Filices Graffeane, p. 90.

§§ Teniopsis, J. Sm. Sori in a slightly intramarginal line, with the unaltered
edge of the frond produced beyond and often rolled over it. Sp. 2-9. Fig. 56. b. c.

2. V. (Teniop.) scabrida, Klotzsch ; fr. 2 in. 1., 1 lin. br., the point blunt, the
lower half tapering gradually to the base ; ¢eature fleshy, when dry wrinkled ;
midrib lost in the upper half; sori sunk in an intramarginal groove, with the
flattened thick edge of the frond produced beyond it.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 182.

Hab. Mexico and Brazil,

3. V. (Teeniop.) falcata, Kunze; fr. 4-5 in. 1., $ in. br., the point blunt, the
lower part narrowed gradually to the base ; teature leathery and very thick; a
distinct raised midrib attaining the apex in the barren fronds, but lost in the
fertile ones ; veins short, oblique, parallel, immersed ; sord quite sunk in slightly
intramarginal grooves.—Hz&. Sp. 5. p. 182.

Hab. Malaccas.—The Malayan and Philippine V. minor, Fée, is like this, but smaller
in size, with the habit of Polyp. australe and gramineum.

4. V. (Teniop.) Gardneriana, Fée; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 3 in. br., the point
acute, the lower part narrowed gradually to the base or a short slender stem ;
texture thin, the young fronds translucent ; a slender immersed midrib extending
from the base to the apex ; veins fine, distant, oblique ; sord in a broad superficial
slightly intramarginal line, with the edge produced beyond, but not wrapped
over it.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 178. (in part). Vv. costata, Kze,

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 147.

5. V. (Teeniop.) stipitata, Kunze ; fr. 13-2 ft. 1., 3-4 lin. br., tapering gradually
below into a long slender stem ; texture firm ; midrib indistinct, except towards
the base ; veins distant, fine, oblique, immersed ; sori sunk in a groove within
the margin, with the flattened thickened edge of the frond produced beyond it.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 179.

Hab. Columbia to Peru.— V. Moritziana, Mett., is said to have the sori less distinctly.

396 57. TANITIS.

immersed, and the edge of the frond not thickened ; V. Karstentana, Mett., to have
sree fronds and more distant veins ; and V. Ruiziana, Fée, superficial sori and a flat-
tened stem,

6. V. (Teniop.) stricta, Carm.; fr. 18 in. 1., 4 in. br., narrowed below to a
compressed stem ; éexture thick ; midrib stout, continued to the apex; the soré
occupying the whole space between it and the much reflexed edge.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 182.

Hab. Tristan d’Acunha,

7. V. (Teeniop.) Mineata, Sw. ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., narrowed gradually
downwards to a stout compressed stem, which passes into the frond gradually,
the edge often reflexed ; teature firm, a distinct raised midrib running from the
base to the apex ; veins immersed, parallel, very oblique ; sord in a broad slightly
intramarginal line in a slight furrow, the edge of the frond at first wrapped over
it.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 180.

Hab. Japan, West Indies, and Florida to Peru and Brazil ; Himalayas, Neilgherries,
Malaccas, Mascaren Isles, Guinea Coast, Zambesi-land, Natal, Cape Colony.—Of M. Fée’s
species we include here lineata and filifolia (Tropical America), fleauosa (Hindostan),
tenera and sarmentosa (South Africa), and guinecensis (Guinea).

8 V. (Teniop.) remota, Fée; fr. 12-18 in. 1., §-4 in. br., narrowed gradually
to the base or a short compressed stem ; ¢ewture moderately firm 5 médrib dark-
coloured and distinct below, but often lost before it reaches the apex ; veins
immersed, very oblique ; sord in a broad superficial distinctly intramarginal line,
with the edge not at all wrapped over it.— Ak. Sp. 5. p. 185,

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.—Distinguished from the other American species by its
broader flat frond and the position of the sori, It is very like T'enitis angustifolia in
general habit, but the veins are free. ‘

9. V. (Teniop.) scolopendrina, Thw.; fr. 12-18 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., the point
acute, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually to the base ;
‘texture thick ; midrib thick, Blpeliah, grooved in front below, sometimes nearly
lost upwards; veins oblique, fine, simple, parallel; sor? in broad continuous
submarginal lines, with the firm unaltered edge of the frond at first wrapped
over it.—V. Forbesii and zeylanica, Fée, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 177.

Hab. New Guinea, Philippine and Malayan Isles, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Seychelles,
Mozambique.— V. loricea, Fée, appears to be closely allied, but the Himalayan plant
mentioned in ‘‘Sp. Fil.” is referred to V. scolopendrina by Mettenius. The largest and
finest of the group.

Gen. 57. Tanitis, Sw.

Sori linear, but the line sometimes interrupted, central or submarginal. A
small genus of not very closely allied species, all tropical. Some of the species
eared differ from Teniopsis in fruit, but in all those placed here the veins ana-
stomose. ‘Tas. VI. fig. 57.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 1-3.

1. T. obtusa, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; sf. 2-3 in. 1., slender, glossy, naked ;
fr. 14-2 in. 1, 3-4 in. br., ovate-oblong, the point blunt, mucronate, the edge
entire, the base rounded ; texture coriaceous ; arcole large, oblique ; sord in a
continuous line 4 in, from the edge.—HZ&, Sp. 5. p. 186. 2nd Cent. t. 94.

Hab. Borneo, 7’. Lobd. ”

2. T. angustifolia, R. Br. ; fr. 12-18 in.1., 4-4 in. br., narrowed very gradually

58, DRYMOGLOSSUM. 397

to an acute point and below to the base or a short stem ; texture subcoriaceous,
flaccid ; midrib distinct ; veins immersed, forming 2-3 rows of vertical hexagonal
areole, 3-4 times as long as broad between the midrib and edge; sor? sunk ina
groove a short distance from the edge.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 187. Pteropsis, Desv.

Hab. Cuba to N. Brazil and the Galapagos,

3. T. lanceolata, R. Br.; rhizome creeping, very stout; sf. 1-2 in. 1, firm,
erect; /r. 6-12 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., narrowed gradually from the centre to both
ends, the edge entire but often crisped; ¢eature firm, coriaceots, naked ; midrit-
distinct ; @reole immersed, copious, small, with copious free veinlets ; sord ir.
continuous or interrupted lines near the edge of the contracted upper third or
quarter of the frond.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 186. Paltonium, Presi. Neurodium, Fée.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala.—The Javan 7. marginalis, Moore (T. Blumei, Hk.),
is said to be like this, but smaller in size, and without a midrib.

*% Fronds compound. Sp. 4-5.

4. T. furcata, Willd. ; rhizome subrepent, densely tomentose ; /r. 6-18 in, L.,
once or twice dichotomously forked or subpinnatifid, the lobes linear, erecto-
patent, much acuminated, entire, 4-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.; dteature coriaceous;
under surface thinly clothed with minute scales ; veins anastomosing without free
veinlets ; soré submarginal, continuous or interrupted.— Hz. Sp. 5. p. 188.
Cuspiaria, Fée.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador and the Amazon Valley.— 7. Desvauxii, Klotzsch (C. semi-
pinnatifida, Fée), is a small variety with narrow lobes, unbranched primary veins, and
only a single row of areole,

5. T. blechnoides, Swz.; rhizome creeping; st. 8-12 in. 1., firm, naked, glossy ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., simply pinnate; pémne@ of barren frond 2-8 on each
side, 6-9 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the point acuminate, the edge
thickened and wavy, the base cuneate, the lower ones stalked; fertile pinne
narrower and more numerous; texture coriaceous; areole copious, oblique,
without free veinlets ; sord in a continuous line about midway between the edge
and midrib.—6, 7. interrupta, Wall.; pinne smaller; soré interrupted and
much nearer the edge.— Hk. & Gr. t. 68, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 188.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.

Gen. 58. Drymoctossum, Presi.

Sori scarcely differing from those of Teenitis, but the fronds dimorphous.
Tas. VI. fig. 58.*

1. D. carnosum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping ; /. dimorphous, the
barren ones suborbicular or elliptical, 1-2 in. ]., #-1 in. br., the fertile ones
linear-spathulate, 2-3 in. I., } in. br., both narrowed to the base or a short stem ;
texture coriaceous; areole small, with copious free veinlets; sord in a line
midway between the edge and midrib, when young covered with stalked peltate
scales.—, D. subcordatum, Fée; fr. smaller, the barren ones roundish, sub-
sessile ; texture thinner ; sor? nearer midrib,—H&. Sp, 5. p. 189.

Hab. The type is East Himalayan, and variety Japanese and Chinese.

* It would be better to make two genera only out of this and the two preceding,
placing in one those species in which the line in front is submarginal, and in the other
those in which it is remote from the edge,

398 59, HEMIONITIS, § EUHEMIONITIS.

2. D. péloselloides, Presl; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping; jr. dimorphous,
the barren ones roundish or obovate-elliptical, 3-2 in. l., 4-2 in. br., the fertile
ones linear-oblong, 2-4 in. 1., $-} in. br., both narrowed to the base or a short
stem ; testure coriaceous; veins immersed, anastomosing, .with copious free
veinlets ; sori in a broad continuous submarginal line, the capsules mixed with
stellate paraphyses.—Hk. Sp. 5.p.190. G. Ft. 46.

“- Hab, Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malaccas.

3. D. rigidum, Hk.; rhizome’ firm, wide-creeping ; fr. dimorphous, the barren
ones 1-13 im. 1., half as br., obovate, entire, with thickened edges, on firm erect
stems 1 in. 1. the fertile one 4-5 in. L., 4 in. br., narrowed into @ stem about as
long as itself ; teatwre very.thick and rigid ; areole copious, immersed, without
free veinlets ; soré in a deep groove between the broad midrib and edge.— Hh. Sp.
5. p. 190. j

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb.—An anomalous species, which Moore places in Schizolepton of
Fée, a genus founded on our Lindsaya cordata,

Guy. 59, Heurosrrrs, Zann. (See page 518.) '

Sori continupus. along the veins and copiously ‘reticulated, sometimes alsu
developed slightly between them. A small genus, as now restricted,. alinost con-
jined to the tropics. Veins anastomosing copiously. Tas. VI. fig. 59.

-§ Euhemionitis. Sori confined to the veins. Sp. 1-6.

s

1. H. lanceolata, Hk. ; caud. stout, ascending ; sf. 6-9 in. L., firm, erect, glossy,
castaneous; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1}-24 in. br., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, the apex
acuminate, the edge subentire, the base narrowed; texture coriaceous; both
sides naked ; areole copious, oblique, about } in. 1., 1 lin. br. —H&, Sp. 5. p. 191.
2nd Cent.t. 55. \

Hab. Fiji, Seemann, 716, Milne.

2. H. cordata, Roxb. ; caud. erect; st. of the barren frond 2-4 in. 1. of the
fertile frond often 1 ft. 1., dark chesnut-brown, glossy, densely fibrillose towards
the base ; 7/7. 2-3 in. each way, cordate-hastate, the barren ones bluntish at the
point, with rounded basal lobes and a deep sinus, the fertile ones with the lobes
more produced and sharper ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; under surface
subvillose ; areolw oblique, 4-3 in. 1., 4 lin. br.—H&, Sp. 5. p. 192. Ak. & Gr.
t. 64, Asplenium arifolium, Burm., oldest name. :

Hab, Peninsular India, Ceylon, Moulmein, Philippines.

3. H. nalmata, L. ; caud. erect; st. of barren frond 2-4 in., of the fertile frond
6-12 in. L, glossy, dark chesnut-brown, clothed with soft yellowish hairs ; /r.
2-6 in. each way, palmate, with five nearly equal lanceolate divisions, those of
the fertile frond the sharpest, varying from subentire to lobed one-third of the
way down, those of the barren frond shorter, blunter,; and less divided 5 texture
herbaceous ; both surfaces villose; areole oblique, }-} in. 1, $-1 lin. br— Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 192. Hu. Fl. t. 58,

Hab, West Indies and Mexico to Peru, e

4. H. hedtrefolia, J. Sm.; caud, decumbent; st. nearly 1 ft. 1, ebeneous,
naked ; fr. about 3-in. each way, palmate, with 5 lgbes, the three central ones
about equal, lanceolate, the lateral ones spreading, shorter and blunter, all

60. acrosTIcnotx. 399

entire; fezture herbaceotis: t<-h sterfaces densely matied with short silky
yellowish-zrey hairs ; areola smaH, oblique.— Bed. Ber: p- 339. :

Hab. Mexico, Lidsld. =

5. H. pinnatifida, Bakey; st. tofied, 1-2 m. 1, zlossy, chesnui-brown, clothed
with soft yellowish hairs ; fr. 2 in. each way, deltoid in general outline, with a
large oblong-lanceolaie subcrenate terminal fobe and two spreading ones on each
side, which reach down within } in. of the rachis, both blunf, the lowest 1 in L.
and auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; t~‘h sides densely coated with
yellowish hairs ; areola small. copious. ;

Hab. Costa Rica, Wendland, 133. Guatemala, Bernsuilli, 32.

6. H. pinnata, J. Sm. 3; #. 6-9 in. 1, glossy, dark chesnut-brown, clothed with
soft yellowish hairs ;_/r. 5-6 in. L, 3-4 in. br., the apex deeply pimnaiifid, b=12~
this 2-3 pairs of distimet pinne, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 in. L,
$-4 in. br., the lowest larger and forked at the base, ail repand ; fezture herba-
ceous ; both sides thinly clothed with soft yellowish hairs; veins oblique, 2-3
times dichotomously forked, anastomosing principally near the midrib.—J. Sm.
Gen. Fil. p. 33. (name only).

Hab. Jamaica, Wiles.—This is not very far from Gymsogramma r-“s.’ but the pine
are adnate, and the groups of veins join slightly. Onur descriptions of this and the two
preceding are taken from J. Smith’s specimens, now in the British Museum. =

7. H. Grifithii, Hx. fil. & Thoms.; sf. 8-12 in. 1, sealy “towards the tase,
villose throughout ; fr. 1 ft. or more L, 6-10 im. br., subdeltoid, pinnatifid or
pinnate, with 2-4 distinct pinnae on each side, which are 3-4 in. L, 1-1} in. br.,
entire, acuminate, the lower ones stalked ; texture herbaceous, thick ; rachis and
both sides villose; main veins barren and pinnate, the veinlets fertile and
copiously reticulated.— HE. Sp. 5. p.192. H. Wilfordii, Ht. Fil. Ex. t. 93. (the
pinnatijd caridy).

Hab. Khasya, Hk. fl. & Thomeon ; Formosa, Wilford.—This differs from the feregomg
by its barren main veins, and constitutes the genus Dictyseline of Moore.

§§ Anctium, Splitg. Sori laz, placed both on th: veins aud scattered dso in the
spaces between them. Sp. 7.

8. H. (Anet.) cifrifolia, Hk.; rhizome creeping; st. 5-9 in. 1., weak, com-
pressed ; fr. pendent, 6-24 in. L, 1-4 in. br., oblong or subspathulate, narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture thick but flaccid ; eqlour pale-
green ; midrib often lost in the upper part, winged on the back below; areola
vertical, long-hexagonal.—HE£. Sp. 5. p. 193.

Hab. West Indies to North Brazil.—An anomalous species, with the habit of Antrs-
phyum,in which g=pus it i: placed by Fée, and in the frait ciing Grammitider with
Acrostichez.

Taise 13. ACROSTICHEX.

Sori spread in a stratum weer the under surface or rarely over both surfaces of the
frond, 1A confined to the veins only. Gun. 60-61.

Gex. 60. Acrosticntmu, Z. (S<e page 518.)
Sori spread over the whole surface of the frond or upper pinn2, or occasionally

over both surfaces. A large genus, almost entirely tropical, including groups with
@ wide range in venation and cuiting, Tax. VII. & VIL fig. 60.

400 60. ACROSTICHUM.

§ Veins free. Sp. 1-87.
* Elaphoglossum, Schott. Fronds simple. Sp. 1-65. Fig. 60. a, b.

+ Both surfaces of the barren ont nearly or quite naked, the edge not fringed.
Sp. 1-19.

1, A. petiolosum, Desv.; rhizome woody, the scales dense, fibrillose, nearly
black ; sé. 4-6 in. L, firm, slender, erect ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., ovate-
oblong, narrowed suddenly to a point, which is sometimes 1 in. 1 3 teature cori-
aceous ; both sides nearly naked ; veins immersed, subparallel ; fertile fr. smaller
than the barren one.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 207. A. caudatum, H&. fe. t. 215.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru.—Well marked by the small size and very distinct caudate
apex of its fronds, and the rigid nearly black scales of the rhizome,

2. A.tambillense, Hk. ; rhizome stout, the scales dense, linear, crisped, chesnut-
brown ; sé. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., firm, slender, naked ; barren fr. 25-3 in. l., 1-1}
in. br., the point cuspidate, the base rounded or even slightly cordate ; teature
coriaceous ; both sides quite naked ; veins distant ; fertile fr. considerably smaller
than the barren one.—/Z&. Sp. 5. p. 207. Ic. t. 856.

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson ; Guatemala, Salvin & Godman.—Like the last, but the frond
not caudate, and the scales different,

3, A. micradeniun, Fée ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the scales small, linear-
subulate, squarrose, dark chesnut-brown ; sé. 1 in. or more apart, 3-6 in. L, firm,
erect, naked, stramineous ; barren fr. 5-6 in. l., 1-1} in. br., the point acuminate,
the base narrowed gradually ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; veins raised,
conspicuous, usually once forked ; barren fr. much smaller than the fertile ones.
—AHh. Sp. 5. p. 216. E. nitidum, Brack. t. 9. A. pellucidum, Gaud, Atl. Bon.
t. 79. fig. 5-7.

Hab, Sandwich Isles,

4, A. simplex, Sw.; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales rather large,
lanceolate, dark-brown ; sé, 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; barren jr. 4-12 in. 1.,
#-14 in. br., the point very acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; tex-
ture coriaceous ; both sédes quite naked ; margin distinct, cartilaginous ; veins
immersed, elas Hares forked ; barren fr. narrower than the fertile one, and on
a longer stem.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 205.—B, A. martinicense, Desv. ; Sronds narrower,
very coriaceous, Hé, Sp. 5. p. 218. A. durum, Kze. E. glabellum, J. Sm.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil—Characterized by its firm fronds, narrowed very gradually to
both ends. A plant gathered by Barter at Sierra Leone probably belongs here,

5. A, nigrescens, Hk. ; caud. stout, erect, not scaly ; barren fr. tufted, sub-
sessile, 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br., the point bluntish, the base narrowed very gradually ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins simple or once forked, distant, not
reaching the edge ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. 1., # in. br., on long slender naked stems
1 ft. 1.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 214.

Hab. British Guiana, Schombungk. ‘

6. A. leptophyllum, Fée ; rhizome firm, creeping, the scales “soft, fulvous 3”
st, of barren frond 8-4 in. 1. firm, erect, stramineous, nearly naked ; barren fr.
6-8 in. 1., 5-3 in. br., the point bluntish, the lower part narrowed gradually ; éez-
ture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, rather raised, simple or once
forked ; fertile fr. similar to the other, but the stem three or four times as long.
—Hh. Sp. 6. p. 218.

Hab, Venezuela and Brazil.—Characterized by its ligulate barren frond and very long-
stalked similar fertile one.

60. acRosTIcHUm. 401

1. A. conforme, Sw. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, densely clothed with large
lanceolate brownish membranous scales sometimes } in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; st. 1-12 in. L,
firm, erect, stramineous, naked or slightly scaly ; fr. 2-9 in. L, }-2 in. br., the
point acute or bluntish, the base cuneate or spathulate, the edge cartilaginous,
entire ; fezture coriaceous ; both sides naked or nearly so; teins subparallel,
usually once forked ; barren fr. usually narrower than the fertile one, the edge
inflexed.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 198.

Hab. Mexico to Chili and Brazil, Sandwich Isles, Samoa, Fiji, Java, Queensland, Hims-
layas (up to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Tristan d’Acunha, Mascaren Isles, Cape
Colony, St. Helena, Guinea Coast.—From this we cannot distinguish clearly 1. Leper-
vanchu (Bory), A. didynanum (Fée), A. laurifolium (Thouars), A. angulatum (Blume),
A. impressum (Fée), 4. marginatum (Wall.), A. obtusifolium (Brack.), and 4. cagans
(Mett.). The Polynesian A. Feejeense, Brack., is thinner and darker green than usual,
and narrowed downwards more gradually ; A. alatum, Fée (Hk. Sp. 5. p. 204), has a more
distinct haft to the frond ; and the Sandwich Island A. emulum, Kaulf., and Andine
A. Gayanum, Fée, and 4. unitum, Bory (A. ajine, M. & G.), and probably the Brazilian
A. minutum, Pohl, are small narrow-fronded varieties, Viitaria acrostichoides, Hk. & Gr.
t. 186, is an abnormal form, with the fruit in two submarginal lines.

8. A. Wrightii, Mett.; rhizome wide-scandent ; sé. 1-2 in. apart, 1-1} in. 1,
firm, erect, clothed throughout with ovate-acuminate membranous scales ; fr.
6-9 in. L, 1-14 in. br., the point cuspidate, the lower part narrowed very gradu-
ally, the edge thickened, white, and crisped ; fezture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
midrib scaly in the lower part ; reins stout, immersed, subparallel, usually once
forked ; fertile fr. much smaller, the edge entire and inflexed.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 195.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 965.— Perhaps a form of the Jas‘.

9. A. flaccidum, Fée; rhizome short-creepinz, woody, the scales small, lau-
ceolate, dull-brown ; st. tufted, those of the barren frond very short ; 77. 6-12
in. 1., 3-13 in. br., the point very acute, the lower part narrowed very cradually ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides quite naked, colour dark-green, edge not thick-
ened ; seins not close, simple or forked ; fertile fr. smaller than the barren one,
and on a distinct st. 3-4 in. L—Af. Sp. 5. p. 204. A. Karstenianum, Kze.

Hab. Panama to N. Brazil.—This is thinner in texture than the preceding, and in the
shape of the frond is most like 4. simpler on a larger scale, with sessile barren fronds but
long-stalked fertile ones. A. ocyphyllum, Brong., appears to be a large form ; th2 Peru-
vian A. Lechleri, Mett. differs only by its stout wide-scandent rhizome ; and a plant
labelled by Mettenius A. pallidum, Beyr., is thinner and more glossy than the type, with
the costa and lorg stem of the fertile fron ebeneous.

10. A. Burchellit, Baker ; rhizome short, woody, the scales small, linear, dark-
brown ; <f. 8-12 in. L., erect, nearly naked ; fr. 1-2 fi. ]., 3-1} in. br., the point
very acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
sides naked and glossy ; teins fine, close, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the other.—A. punctulatum, Jett. JESS. (not L.).

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 5155.—Very near the last, differing mainly in the finer veins
and long stem of the barren frond.

11. A. Norrisit, Hk. ; caud. stout, woody, the scales long, linear, dull-brown ;
barren fr. sessile or nearly so, tufted, 12-18 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the point blunt, the
lower half narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ;
veins immersed, indistinct ; fertile fr. much narrower than the other.— Hi.
Sp. 5. p. 215.

Hab. Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier.— Not unlikely identical with the Javan 4. melano-

stictum, Blume. It is like faccidum in the shape of the barren frond, but the texture
is that of conforme and latifolium, and the fertile frond also is subsessile.
3B

402 60. ACROSTICHUM,

12. A. Schlimense, Fée ; rhizome thick, woody, wide-scandent, the scales broad,
ovate, dull-brown ; st. 4-8 in. L., firm, erect, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 9-12 in. 1.,
1} in. br., the point bluntish, the lower third narrowed very gradually ; ¢exture
subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, the edge narrow, cartilaginous, quite distinct
from the frond ; veins fine, very close, usually once forked ; fertile fr. similar to
the barren one.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 202.

Hab. N. Granada, Schlim, 622; Ecuador, Spruce.—Resembles flaccidum in texture,
but the fronds are much less narrowed in the upper part, and distinctly stalked.

13, A. palustre, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, not thick but woody, the scales
long, linear, bright-brown ; st. 1-2 in. 1., firm, clothed with linear scales ; barren
Jr. often 1 ft. L, 1-2 in. br., the point acute, the lower part narrowed very gra-
dually ; teature herbaceous ; both sides naked ; veins raised, close, simple or
once forked ; fertile fr. (in all our specimens) soriferous only in the upper part,
much narrower than the gitiers. Ze. Sp. 5. p. 214,

Hab. Guinea Coast; gathered by Barter and Mann.—Distinguished by its herbaceous
texture and very prominent veins. A plant collected in Berbice by Schomburgk is
perhaps the same, but our specimens are barren only,

14. A. stenopteris, Klotzsch ; rhizome woody, the scales small, ovate, dull-
brown ; st. scarcely any ; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1, 3-2 in. br., the point acute, the
lower part narrowed very gradually ; teature papyraceous ; both sides naked,
except that the lower part of the midrib beneath has a few small dark-brown
linear scales ; veéns fine, simple or forked, often 1 line apart, falling short of
the edge ; fertile fr. narrower, and on a longer stem than the barren one.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 218,

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 284; Venezuela, Fendler, 282.—Distinguished by its thin
texture, long narrow frond, and distant veins. An authentic specimen of A. brachyneu-
ron, Fée, from Guadeloupe, is smaller in size, but does not otherwise differ.

15. A. Herminiert, Bory ; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping, the scales
dense, linear, reddish-brown, }-1 in. 1.; st. tufted, very short or none; barren
fr. 13-3 ft. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point acuminate, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; ¢eature coriaceous ; both sides naked, the upper one with a metallic
gloss ; veins immersed, indistinct, usually once forked ; fertile fr. short-stalked,
3-4 in. L, 1-1} in. br.—Hf&, Sp. 5. p, 216, ;

Hab. Cuba to Brazil.—Distinguished by its very large sword-shaped barren fronds of
coriaceous texture, a striking contrast to its small subsessile oblong fertile ones.

16. A. Lingua, Raddi; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales small, ovate,
dark-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, firm, erect, nearly naked ; barren fr.
6-9 in. L, 2-8 in. br., the point acute, the base narrowed suddenly ; texture cori-
aceous ; both sides nearly naked, the edge thickened ; veins subparallel, simple
or once forked ; fertile fr. much narrower than the barren one.—A. latifolium,
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 202 (in part).

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.—Differs from latifolium in the rhizome, scales,
and shape of the frond. We cannot distinguish from this an authenticated specimen of
A. scandens, Fée, though a plant from Linden (74) is thinner in texture, with finer veins
and a satiny gloss.

17, A. luridum, Fée; rhizome woody, the scales linear, dark-brown, crisped ;
st, of barren frond 1-2 in., of the fertile 3-4 in. 1.; /r. 6-12 in. 1., 2-8 in. br.,
oblong-spathulate, blunt or subacute, the edge thickened and slightly scaly, the
haft narrowed very gradually into the stem ; teature very coriaceous ; both sides
nearly naked ; veins subparallel, usually once forked ; edge of fertile frond flat or
slightly inflexed.—A. Schomburgkii, Ak. Sp. 5. p. 200. (in part) & Griseb. non

Lee.

60. ACROSTICHUM. 403

Hab. Trinidad and Guiana. —Differs only from A. latifolium by its blunter fronds of

ibspathulate outline, with the edge slightly scaly.

18, A. Siceri, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome stout, woody, the scales 3 in. 1., linear-
subulate, nearly black; ¢f. 3-6 in. L, firm, erect, stramineous, hardly at all
sealy ; fr. 3-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the lower part narrowed very gradually, the

e inous, entire; texture coriaceous ; reins I , usually once
forked ; fertile fr. smaller than the barren one.—HE, Sp.5.p.197. H&G.
4, 28

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon ; and a similar plant, but with shorter and browner
scales, gathered by Mann at Fernando Po.—This has quite the habit of the next, but
the scales are different.

19. A. latifolium, Sw.; rhizome thick, woody, often creeping, the scales lan-
ceolate, crisped, dark or light-brown; sé. 6-12 in. L, firm, erect, stramineous,
naked or slightly sealy ; barren fr. 9-18 in. ]., 2-4 in. br., the point acute, the
lower part narrowed gradually, the edge entire, thickened and cartilaginous;
texture very coriaceous; both s#des naked or nearly so; fertile fr. considerably
narrower than the barren one.—HE&. Sp. 5. p. 202.

Hab. Mexico and Cuba to Brazil and Peru.—From this we cannot distinguish clearly
A. longifolium, Jacq., A. Sartorii, Liebm., A. Blanchetii and Tocarense, Mett., A. scal-
pellum, Mart., A. alismafolium, Schomburgkii, Furckti, and andicola, Fée, and the
Javan A. callefolium of Blume. A plant from the Seychelles is probably the same.

2% Both surfaczs nearly or quite naked, the edge of the frond fringed.
Sp. 20-24.

20. A. stramineum, Mett.; rhizome short, stout, the scales lanceolate-subulate,
often } in. L, bright-brown ; sf. 5-9 in. L, stramineous, finally naked ; barren fr.
3-5 in. L, $14 im. br., narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ;
the margin ciliated but the scales deciduous ; fertile fr. 13-2 in. L, 4-2 in. br.,
the st. 2-43 in. L—Matt. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 200.

Hab, N. Granada, Lindig, 251.—Very near the next species.

21. A. melanopus, Kze.; rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with small
reddish-brown linear scales ; sf. 2-3 in. L, densely clothed with linear spreading
dark chesnut-brown scales ; barren fr. 5-8 in. L, 2 in. br., the apex acuminate,
the base rounded or subcuneate ; tecture coriaceous; veims lax, the margin
ciliated with similar scales ; fertile fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2 im. br., on a longer stem.—
Mat. Fil. H. Lips. p. 19. t. 1.

Hab. Venezuela.—This comes near the small forms of the next, and there are a few
seales on the lower part of the midrib beneath.

22. A. hybridum, Bory ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, 3-3 in. L, linear,
crisped, dark chesnut-brown ; #. subtufted, 6-9 in. L, firm, erect, with scattered
squarrose linear dark scales; barren fr. 6-12 in. L, 15-2 in. br., the point
acuminate, the base rather rounded ; tezture subcoriaceous; both sides naked
except the midrib beneath, the edge ciliated with linear-subulate scales ; reins
immersed, usually once forked; fertile fr. much smaller than the others.—
B, A. Vulcani, Leperv. ; fr. ovate-oblong, cuspidate, 3-4 in. L, 14 in. br—Hi.
Sp. 5. p. 210.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Natal, Tristan d’Acunha, Cameroon Mountains, Fernando Po,
Mexico to Brazil.—The scales here are from 1 to 14 line long, and often fall quite away
as the frond matures. A. Lindbergii, Mett., from Brazil, appears to be identical with
this,

23. A. decurrens, Desv.; rhizome woody, the scales large, ovate, dull-brown ;

404 60. ACROSTICHUM.

st. 1-4 in. 1, firm, erect, scaly ; 7. 1 ft. or moré ]., 2-3 in. by., the apex very
blunt, the lower part narrowed into the stem very gradually ; tewture very
thick ; beth sides naked, but the edge densely fringed with minute ovate-
acuminate brown scales; veins immersed, nearly hidden.— Zé. Sp. 5. p. 203.

wai’ Philippines, Cuming, 144.—This is referred by J. Smith to A. obtusifoliwm,
illd.

24. A. decoratum, Kze. 3 caud. very stout, the scales $-2 in. 1., linear, bright-
brown, crisped ; st. 4-8 in. ]., firm, erect, densely ¢lothed with blunt squarrose
scales often 3-2 in. 1, 2 lin. br. ; barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1, 3-4 in, br., the point
acute, the base rounded, the edge densely fringed with scales like those of the
stem, but small; teeture coriaceous; veins subparallel, usually once forked,
sometimes anastomosing; fertile fr. nearly as large as the other.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 195.

Hab. West Indies, Guiana, Peru.

#%* Surface of the frond slightly scaly. Sp. 25-46.
A. Fronds 1-4 inches long. Sp. 25-82.

25. A. Feet, Bory; rhizome filiform, very wide-creeping, the scales linear,
reddish-brown, scarcely spreading ; st. 4-14 in. ]., slightly scaly ; barren fr. 1-2
in. l., in. br., the point bluntish, the edge conspicuously repand, the lower
part narrowed gradually; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides with a few small
ovate-acuminate scales ; fertile fr. 4-4 in. L, 4 in. br.,-on longer stems than the
others.:—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 222. 2nd Cent. t. 92.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.

26. A. cardiophyllum, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping, $ in. thick, densely
clothed with rather large lanceolate dark-brown scales; sf. 1-14 in. 1., slightly
scaly, the upper part winged ; barren fr. 3-1} in. 1., 2-4 in. br., the point blunt,
the base cordate, with a narrow decurrent haft ; texture very thick ; under side
with a few small linear dark chesnut-brown scales ; veins immersed ; fertile jr.
similar to the other, but the stem longer.—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 229. Ic. t. 715.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 212, 395.

27. A. squamipes, Hk.; rhizome firm, but not woody, wide-creeping, clothed
with adpressed lanceolate acuminate bright-brown scales; sf. 1-2 in. apart,
4-14 in. 1., clothed with similar scales; barren fr. 3-1 in. 1, $-4 in. br., the
point blunt, the base rounded to a slight haft; texture coriaceous; under side
with a few small linear reddish-brown scales ; veins raised beneath ; fertile jr.
Lae smaller than the other, and the stem much longer.—Hz&. Sp. 5. p. 228,

c. t. 197.

Hab. N. Granada and Peru,—We cannot distinguish from this the Mexican A, ovatum,
Liebm., not Hk. A. humile, Mett. (N. Granada, Lindig, 167), is said to be like this,
but to have an oblong fertile frond (14 in. L, 4 lin. br.) larger than the barren ono.

28. A. Lindent, Bory ; rhizome short, firm, the scales dense, fibrillose, nearly
black ; st. tufted, 4-9 in. 1., very slender, with a few scattered linear scales ;
barren fr. 1-4 in, 1, 2-14 in. br., the point bluntish or acute, the base rounded ;
texture subcoriaceous; the edge thinly ciliated with subulate bright-brown
scales, which are sometimes scattered over the under surface; veins visible,

terminating within the edge ; fertile /r, much smaller than the other.—H&. Sp.
5. p. 228. <A. venustum, Liebm.

flab. Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil.—The scales of the frond are longer and more
hair-like than its allies.

60. ACROSTICHUM. 405

29. A. squarrosum, Klotzsch ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense, linear,
dark chesnut-brown ; st. 3-1} in. 1., slender, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1.,
4 in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends; texture herbaceous, the under surface
with scattered linear dark-chesnut scales ; veins visible; fertile fr. 3 in. 1., } in.
br., the stem 2 in. L—Hé&. Sp. 5. p. 224.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 319.—Most like the last, but the scales different, and the
frond a different shape. :

30. A. Lloense, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the scales adpressed,
lanceolate-acuminate, ferruginous ; st. 1-2 in. apart, 2-5 in. L, slender, slightly
sealy ; barren fr. 2-4 in. 1, 3-14 in. br., the point blunt or acute, the base
narrowed suddenly or rather rounded ; tecture subcoriaceous ; under surface
with a few small linear dark chesnut-brown scales; veins visible, not reaching
the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller than the other, on a longer stem.—HE. Sp. 5.
p. 229. Le. t. 657..

Hab. Mexico, along the Andes to Peru.

31. A. heteromorphum, Klotzsch; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, the scales
small, scattered, lanceolate-acuminate, brown; st. 1-3 in. I. slender, slightly
scaly ; barren fr. 13-2 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., the point bluntish, the base rounded ;
teature thin but firm; both sides scattered over with linear dark castaneous
scales ; seins conspicuous, raised and darker in colour than the rest of the frond ;
Jertile fr. much smaller and the st. much longer.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 224.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.

32. A. Huacsaro, Ruiz; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales short,
black, fibrillose ; s¢. of barren frond 1 in. |., clothed with small furfuraceous
scales ; barren fr. 5-4 in. 1., #-2 in. br., the point very blunt, the lower part
narrowed very gradually ; ¢ezture coriaceous ; the lower surface viscid, the upper
with scattered minute furfuraceous scales ; veins fine, close, indistinct ; fertile fr.
narrower than the other and the st. much longer.—A. Calaguala, Klotesch. Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 218. A. Ruizianum, Moore.

Hab. Columbia to Pera.—Distinguished from all the preceding by its ligulate fronds
and very coriaceous texture.

B. Barren fronds 6-18 inches long. Sp. 83-45.

33. A. Gardnerianum, Fée ; caud. woody, erect, the scales large, ovate-lan-
ceolate, pale-brown ;, st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with
similar spreading scales; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1, #1 in. br., the point blunt, the
base rather rounded ; tezture coriaceous; upper surfaee nearly naked, lower
with small thickly scattered furfuraceous scales; veins raised beneath, fine,
usually once forked ; fertile fr. narrower than the other, narrowed at the base
on a stem 6-8 in. 1. Hk&. Sp. 5. p. 233.

Hab. Brazil and Venezuela.—Texture and general habit of conforme, but the scales
almost dense enough to eptitle it to a place in the next group.

34. A. alpestre, Gardn.; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed with lan-
ceolate acuminate bright-chesnut scales; st. of barren frond 4-5 in. 1., erect,
slightly scaly ; barren fr. 6 in.1., Zin. br., bluntish at both ends; ¢ezture sub-
coriaceous ; surface rather thickly scattered over with smal! linear bright-
chesnut scales; veins distant, prominent; barren fr. 2-8 in. 1., } in. br., the
st. 1 ft. L—Sert. Pl. t. 25. A. eximium, Met.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 5924; N. Granada, Tindig, 318.—Differs
from the next principally by its shorter fertile frond rounded at the base.

406 60. ACROSTICHUM.

35. A. lineare, Fée ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales dense, linear, glossy-
brown ; st. of barren frond 1-3 in. 1., slender, thinly clothed with squarrose
linear scales; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., 3-8 in. br., narrowed very gradually to both
ends $ feature thin, midrib beneath with a few linear scales and under surface
slightiy furfuraceous ; veins distant, not reaching the edge ; fertile fr. not more
than 2-3 in. 1., on a slender stem 4-8 in. L—Ah. Sp. 5. p. 221.

Hab. Brazil, Gardner, 98, 5927; and a plant from Bourbon differs only by its more
distinct raised veins.—This is very likely a narrow-fronded variety of the next, with
which it agrees in clothing and texture.

36. A. Aubertii, Desv.; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense,
linear, bright-brown ; st. of barren frond 1-6 in. 1., clothed with squarrose linear
brown scales ; barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 4-1 in. br., the point acute, the lower
part narrowed gradually, the edge entire or subrepand ; texture thin; midrib and
edge slightly ciliated with scales like those of the stem ; vedns fine, conspicuous,
usually simple, 1 lin. apart ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., narrowed suddenly
at the base, the stem 6-9 in. 1—H&. Sp. 5. p. 219.

Hab. Bourbon, Natal, Zambesi-land, Fernando Po, Venezuela (4. Klotzschit, Moritz),
Guatemala.—A well-marked species, differing from viscoswm in texture, clothing, and
veining,

87. A. dimorphum, Hk. & Gr.; rhizome stout, horizontal, the scales lanceolate,
dark-brown ; st..close, 4-6 in. 1, slender, erect, slightly scaly throughout ;
barren fr. 3-6 in. 1., $-Zin. br., the point bluntish, the edge deeply and irregularly
crenate ; tevture subcoriaceous; both sides covered with minute white dots; veins
subparallel, pay or forked; fertile fr. much smaller than the barren one,
nearly entire.—A&. Sp. 5. p. 208. Hk. & Gr. t. 145. 2nd Cent. t. 90.

Hab. St. Helena.—The only Elaphoglossum that has the fronds distinctly incised or
crenated, ‘

38. A. viscosum, Sw.; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense, fibril-
lose, dark chesnut-brown ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, furfuraceous, often viscous ;
barren fr. 6-12 in. 1, §-1 in, br., the apex acute, the lower part narrowed
gradually ; textwre subcoriaceous; both szdes more or less viscid and minutely
furfuraceous; veins close and fine ; fertile fr. smaller, and on longer. stems than
the others.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 220. Hk. & Gir. t. 64.

Hab, Cuba to Brazil and Peru; Himalayas to Ceylon, Java, and Philippines; Sey-
chelles, Mascaren Isles, Fernando Po, Angola.—From the large forms of this we cannot
distinguish clearly A. xanthonewron, Karstenianum, dissimile, and curvans, Kze. The
two latter are described as squamulose, but both our authentic specimens are nearly
naked. The frond often becomes quite naked in an old state, and then the plant is
difficult to recognize.

39. A. ciliatum, Presl ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, the scales short, dense,
deciduous, linear, dark chesnut-brown ; st, of barren frond 6-9 in. 1, firm, erect,
slightly scaly ; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1, 3-1f in. br., the point acute, the base
narrowed gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; the edge
deciduously furfuraceous ; veins fine, close, indistinct ; fertile fr. smaller and on
much longer stems than the others.—A, Preslianum, Fée. Hz. Sp. 5. p. 220.
(not p, 265).

Hab. Columbia to Peru.—Probably a variety of the last, from which it differs chiefly
by its woody wide-scandent rhizome and larger barren fronds,

40. A. pilosum, H.B.K.; rhizome woody, the scales large, dense, lanceolate,
pale-brown ; st. 6-8 in. L, firm, flexuose, slightly scaly ; barren fr. flexuose,
6-8 in. 1, Zin. br., the point acute, the base narrowed gradually ; tecture
herbaceous ; both sides, especially the under one, clothed with small briglit-

60. ACROSTICHUAM. 407

brown scales, each like a tuft of stellate hairs; veins conspicuous, very close.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 241.

Hab. Mexico to Columbia.—Easily distinguished by its texture and clothing.

41. A. samoense, Baker ; rhizome short, woody, the scales long, dense, fibril-
lose, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ; st. 4-6 in. ]., clothed with squarrose woolly
deciduous hairs ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point bluntish and the
base narrowed rather suddenly ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces and especially the
midrib clothed with soft bright silky brownish hairs; veins sometimes twice
forked ; barren fr. much smaller than the other.—Elaphoglossum, Brack. t. 9.

Hab. Polynesian Islands.—Very like the last in texture and general habit, but the
scales both of the rhizome and surface are very different. Judging from the figure, the
Chilian A. Webdii, Bory, may be identical with this.

42. A. apodum, Kaulf.; caud. thick, woody, the scales dense, linear, bright-
brown, crisped; st. tufted, none or short, when present densely clothed with
squartose fibrillose bright-brown scales ; barren jr. 1 ft. or more 1., 13-2 in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subco-
riaceous but thin ; the edge and midrib densely fringed with soft short brown
hairs ; eins fine, simple or once forked ; fertile fr. much smaller than the barren
one.—Hk, Sp. 5. p. 2138. Hk. & Gr. t. 99.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.—The West Indian specimens are thinner and
less ciliated than the Continental ones.

43. A. scolopendrifolium, Raddi; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales
long, linear, dark chesnut-brown, crisped ; st. 4-12 in. |., firm, erect, densely
clothed with spreading, nearly black, long fibrillose scales ; barren fr. often 1 ft.
L, 13-8 in. br., the apex acnte, the base narrowed gradually; texture sub-
coriaceous ; edge and midrib more or less densely ciliated with scales like those
of the stem, but smaller ; veins subparallel, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the barren one.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 211. A. barbatum, Karst. A.
erinaceum, Fée.

Hab. Guatemala, Andes, South Brazil. —A plant from Fendler has the veins not
unfrequently joining. A. Hystrix, Kze., seems nearly allied. An Ecuador plant from
Jameson is densely ciliated not only on the edge, but over the surface. The scales are
like those of A. hybridwm, but much more copious,

44, A. Cumingii, Fée ; rhizome woody, the scales large, ovate, dull-brown ;
st. 6-8 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed in the lower part with similar scales ; barren fr.
8 in. 1, 14 in. br., the point blunt, the base narrowed gradually, the edge
densely fringed with minute scales; tezture very thick; the upper surface
clothed all over with very minute scattered scales ; veins quite hidden ; fertile fr.
as long but narrower than the barren one.—Fée, Acrostich. 34,

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 193.—Perhaps a subfurfuraceous vgriety of decurrens, with
which it agrees in texture and general habit.

45. A. Boryanum, Fée; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear-subulate,
nearly black ; st. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., more or less densely clothed with ovate-
acuminate or lanceolate pale-brown scales ; barren fr. often 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.,
the point acute, the base rounded ; tecture almost papyraceous, flaccid ; both
sides thinly clothed with small ovate or peltate furfuraceous scales, which fringe
the edge densely ; veins immersed, very distinct, simple or once forked, ending
in black dots within the edge; fertile fr. much smaller and on longer st. than
the barren one.— Hk, Sp. 5. p. 210.

Hab. West Indies.—The Ecuador plant mentioned in “ Sp. Fil.” seems to belong to
A. scolopendrifolium.

408 60. ACROSTICIIUM.

EXX® Surface of the frond densely scaly. Sp. 46-65.
A. Fronds 1-4 inches lony. Sp. 46-52.

46. A. ovatum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, very wide-creeping, with slender fibril-
lose bright-brown scales; st. distant, 3-4 in.1., clothed with spreading scales ;
barren jr. ae in. 1, §-4 in. br., roundish or broadly ovate ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; both sides often densely clothed with fimbriated ferruginous scales ;
veins hidden ; fertile fr. the largest, and on longer stems.—Hé&. Sp. 5. p. 228.
Hk. & Gr. t. 140.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador and South Brazil,—Best distinguished from the small forms
of spathulatum by its wide-creeping rhizome.

47. A. procurrens, Mett.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, with squarrose
linear-subulate bright-brown scales; sf. 0-1 in. 1., slender, ciliated ; barren fr.
1-3 in. 1, 3-2 in. br., spathulate, the point blunt, the haft narrowed very
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides scattered over and the edge ciliated
with long, linear, dark chesnut-brown scales ; veins distant, slender ; fertile fr.
much smaller than the others.—A&, Sp. 5. p. 226. ~

Hab. Cuba, Fendler, 793.—-Most likely a small form of villoswm. The scales of the
frond are the same, but that has the stems tufted.

48, A. spathulatum, Bory ; st. densely tufted, 1-2in.1., firm, erect, clothed with
soft spreading brown fibrillose scales; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1., 3-% in. br., obovate-
spathulate, the point blunt, the base tapering narrowly or gradually ; teature
coriaceous ; both sides scattered over and the edge usually densely ciliated with
small linear-subulate reddish-brown scales; veins hidden; fertile fr. smaller
than fe other and the stem longer.—A. piloselloides, Presi. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 227.
Fil. Ex. t. 29.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru; Tristan d’Acunha, Ceylon, Natal, Mas-
caren Isles.—A.obtusatum, Carm. Hk. & Gr, t. 22, from Tristan d’Acunha, and A. Rad-
dianum, Hk. & Gr. t. 4, are forms, the latter with the stem especially densely clothed with
dark-brown fibrillose scales, and the frond 3-4 in 1, } in. br.

49. A. Matthewsit, Fée; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales small,
dense, linear, nearly black ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, clothed throughout with small
lanceolate scales, nearly black in the middle, with a grey border; barren fr.
2-3 in. 1., §-2 in. br., both ends narrowed gradually ; teatwre coriaceous ; scales
small, dense, peltate or ovate, brown or nearly black in the middle, with a pale
sometimes silvery border; veins hidden; fertile fr. larger than the others, on
longer stems.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 230. A. Hartwegii, Fe, Hk. 1. c.

Hab. Andes, from Mexico to Peru.—This should probably be regarded as a more
scaly variety of A. Huacsaro, with which it agrees in texture and mode of growth.

50. A. assurgens, Baker ; rhizome woody, often 1-2 ft. 1., clothed with slender
squarrose subulate dark-brown scales; s¢. distant, those of the barren fr. 2-3 in. 1.,
fibrillose throughout; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1., ¢-$ in. br., the point blunt, the base
narrowed gradually ; texture coriaceous, the edge inflexed, the upper sur face-
clothed with minute peltate furfuraceous scales, the lower scaly on the elevated
midrib throughout ; veins simple; fertile fr. like the barren one, but the stem
longer.—A. acrocarpon, Lk. Sp. 5. p. 208, ex parte, non Mart.

Hab. Andes of N. Granada, Ecuador.—The fronds of this are like those of the last in
texture and shape, but are not scaly over the surface beneath.

#51, A. succisefolium, Thouars; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear-
subulate, nearly black ; st. 2-3 in, 1. firm, erect, densely clothed with spreading

60. ACROSTICHUM. 409

linear scales, dark chesnut in the centre, grey at the edge ; barren fr, 3-4 in. 1.,
1-1} in. br., blunt at both ends; texture coriaceous; both sides densely clothed
with pale-brown linear scales ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. smaller than the other
and on a much longer stem.— Hd. Sp. 5. p. 241. Hk. & Gr. t. 2.

‘ Hab, Tristan d’Acunha, and reported also from Bourbon and Mauwitius.—Habit of
A. conforme.

B. Fronds 6-18 inches long. Sp. 52-65.

52. A. cinnamomeum, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales dense, linear,
bright reddish-brown ; st. 3-4 in. L, firm, densely clothed with similar but
narrower squarrose scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., narrowed gradually
to both ends; tezture coriaceous ; both sides, especially the lower one, densely
clothed with long bright-yellow hair-like scales, which are scarcely at all
flattened or ciliated ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. shorter and blunter than the other,
the stem longer. A, Mannianum, Met.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, G. Mann.—This agrée+
with the next in size and habit, but the scales are quite different. ,

53. A. lepidotum, Willd. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales very dense, linear,
lossy, black; st. 1-3 in. 1, firm, scaly throughout; barren fr. 3-6 in. 1,
Zin. br., the point usually blunt, the base cuneate or rather rounded ; texture
coriaceous ; scales furfuraceous and white on the upper surface, large, dense,
ovate, ciliated, and ferruginous on the lower one, those on the midrib with a
black middle ; veins hidden; fertile fr. similar to the other, but the stem longer.
—HE. Sp. 5. p. 238.

Hab. Andes, from Columbia to Peru.—To this appear to belong A. Engelii, Karsten,
A, Dombeyanum, Fée, the West Indian A. vestitum, Schlecht., and Mexican A. fulvum,
M. & G., and probably A. rufescens, Liebm. It may be a dwarf mountain variety of
A, muscosum.

54. A. strictum, Raddi; rhizome woody, short-creeping, densely clothed with
small lanceolate dark chesnut-brown conspicuously ciliated seales ; sé. 1-2 in. 1.,
clothed with similar scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. ]., 4-3 in. br., narrowed to both
ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins mostly simple ; upper surface nearly or quite
naked when old, lower densely clothed with bright reddish-brown scales, which
are almost reduced to stellate tufts of hairs; fertile fr. about equal to the other,
but the stem longer.—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 225. A. viscidum and angustum, Fée.

Hab. Brazil and Columbia.—This bears the same relation to auricomum that lepidotum
does to muscosum.

55. A. villosum, Sw.; rhizome woody, but not thick, densely clothed with
bright-brown soft fibrillose scales ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, densely clothed
with spreading scales like those of the base.; barren fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-13 in. br., the
point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually ; tevture thin and flaccid ; both
sides with scattered scales like those of the stem, and the edge usually densely
ciliated ; veins distant, usually once forked, clubbed at the point and not
reaching the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller than the other.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 225.
Hk. & Gr. t. 95. .

Hab. Mexico and Cuba to Peru.—A. sejunctum, Kuhn, gathered by Barter at Sierra
Leone, is more robust and more sealy. A. undulatum, Willd., Hk. Sp. 5. p. 212, is
evidently a form. It is larger and thinner than the type, with main veins two lines
apart. A. setosum, Liebm., is a small form, less scaly than usual, and 4. Plumieri, Fée,
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 226, a thin variety, with the edge of the frond repand. This may be known
from all its neighbours, except cinnamomeum, by the scales, however dense, being
uniform, and not at all flattened, ‘i

F

+

410 60. ACROSTICHUM,

56, A. tectum, Willd. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales dense, linear, rigid,
black ; st. 3-4 in, 1,, firm, erect, clothed with small furfuraceous adpressed and a
few spreading scales ; barren fr. 6-12 in. ]., 4-2 in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends; texture coriaceous; lower or both sides clothed with small thin
scales, which are brown, darker in the centre, ultimately bleached; veins
hidden ; fertile fr. narrower than the others, on longer sterns.—A. rubiginosum,
Fée. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 222, :

Hab. Mexico aud West Indies to South Brazil and Peru,—Distinguished by its long
narrow frond, the upper surface of which is nearly or quite naked, with the scales
beneath, though dense, thin and closely adpressed. A. Schiedet and nivosum of Kunze
appear both to belong here,

57. A. Bellermanianum, Klotzsch ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear,
glossy, reddish-brown ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with large
spreading ovate-lanceolate pale-brown scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., 14-14 in. br.,
the point very blunt, the base cuneate or rather rounded ; fewtwre coriaceous ;
both sides with small scattered furfuraceous scales, those on the midrib beneath
black in the middle ; veins slightly raised, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
narrower than the others and on longer stems.—Ah. Sp. 5. p. 286,

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.—Habit and texture of A. conforme.

58. A. muscosum, Sw.; rhizome woody, short, the scales dense, glossy, linear,
bright chesnut-brown; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, clothed with large ovate spreading
pale-brown ciliated scales; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., narrowed at both
ends ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface slightly scaly, at last often naked, lower
quite hidden by imbricated ovate-acuminate short-ciliated ferruginous scales,
which are often dark chesnut-brown in the middle; barren fr. much smaller
than the other, the st. longer.— Hd. Sp. 5. p. 281. A. Langsdorffii, H. é G. Ic.
t. 164. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 234, ;

Hab. Trop. America from Mexico and W. Indies to Pern and Brazil_—Firmer in
texture than A. squamosum, and often glabrous above when mature, but even more
densely scaly beneath, but the cilia of the scales much shorter. A. polylepis, Kze.,
A, rupestre, deorsum, caulolepia, and truncicola, Karst., are either this or closely allied.

59. A. obductum, Kaulf.; rhizome woody, the scales dense, rigid, fibrillose,
black ; st. 3-4 in. ]., firm, erect, the scales small, peltate, and also linear, with a
black centre and grey edge ; barren fr. 12-16 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the point acute,
the base narrowed gradually ;- ¢eature subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower
thinly matted with small pale peltate scales ; veins conspicuous ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the other.—&. Sp. 5. p. 237.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.—Most like the large forms of viscosum in habit and
texture. The scales are altogether peltate and very minute, and the coating, though
close, is very thin, and easily rubs away. The American A. elongatum, Kze., gathered
in Peru by Poppig, and in Brazil by Lindberg, does not appear to be safely separable
from this,

60. A. auricomum, Kunze; caud. erect, woody, the scales linear, reddish-
brown; st. 2-8 in. 1., densely clothed with spreading linear and soft fibrillose
seales like those of the base; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1, 1} in. br., the point.
acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually; texture subcoriaceous ;
upper surface naked or slightly scaly, lower thinly matted with minute bright-
brown scales, densest and longest on the midrib; veins close, mostly simple ;
fertile fr. 1 ft. 1, gin. br., the st. 5 in. 1.—&, Sp. 5. p. 239.

Hab, Andes, from Columbia to Peru, and reported by Fée from Mexico.—Probably
a variety of sguamosum, The scales are bright reddish-brown, and reduced down, except
on the midrib, to mere stellate tufts of hair. A. meridense, Klotzsch, is like this, except
that the stem is longer, and the scales of the stem and midrib are not so narrow or so
dense,

60. ACROSTICHUM. 411

61. A. tomentosum, Bory ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, black, fibrillose ;
st. 8-5 in. 1, rigid, erect, densely clothed with linear short-ciliated scales, of
which the"upper ones are quite white, the lower ones black in the middle ;
barren’ fr. 1 ft. or more 1, 1-1} in. br., the point bluntish, the lower part
narrowed very gradually ; texture thick but flaccid ; both sedes matted with
scales like those of the stem and small adpressed white furfuraceous ones ; veins
distant ; fertile fr. narrower than the other, on a stem 1 ft. or more 1L—A.
heterolepis, Fée. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 234.

Hab. Bourbon.—Not unlike A. Siebert in texture and general habit, but densely scaly,
and the scales peculiar,

, 62. A. cuspidatum, Willd. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales dense, linear-
subulate, black, or nearly so,3 s¢. 6-15 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed with deciduous
adpressed dark-coloured scales; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., the point
cuspidate, the base not narrowed very gradually ; ¢exzture coriaceous; upper
surface nearly naked, lower densely matted with small furfuraceous ciliated
brown scales ; veins fine and close; fertile fr. rather smaller than the other, the
stem about the same.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 235. A. Lindigii, Karst. t. 3.

Hab. West Indies to Peru.—The representative of A. latifolium in this.group. The
scales, though dense, are altogether adpressed and peltate, as in obductum. A. lamina-
rioides, Bory, seems to be closely allied.

63. A. perelegans, Fée ; rhizome woody, the scales linear, dark-brown ; st. 6-8
in. 1., firm but slender, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 8-12 in. ]., 14-1} in. br., the
point subacute, the base narrowed rather suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous ;
lower surface matted all over with small bright-brown scales, which are scattered

over the upper surface ; veins conspicuous, usually simple; fertile fr. linear —
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 232.

Hab. Dominica, Jmray, 101, and reported also from Brazil and Peru.—Most like the
last, but not so coriaceous. The scales beneath are not matted so densely, and though

all small, as compared with those of sguamosum and muscosum, are some of them lanceolate
and ciliated.

64. A. Sprucet, Baker; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense,
fibrillose, bright reddish-brown; st. 1 ft. or more l., rather slender, thickly
clothed throughout with decurved pale-brown linear -scales, some 4 in. 1. ;
barren fr. 2 ft. 1., 3 in. br., narrowed to both ends ; texture herbaceous ; veins
distinct, usually simple, 4 in. apart; upper surface thinly clothed with scales
like those of the stem but smaller, the lower more thickly with pale scales, which
are cordate, broad and distinctly cilidted in the lower half, then narrowed
suddenly to a linear point ; fertile fr. unknown.

Hab. Foot of Mount Chimborazo, Spruce.—The peculiar scales of the lower surface
are enough scattered to be each seen as a distinct object.

65. A. sguamosum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, rigid, linear, nearly
black ; st. 2-4 in. 1., densely clothed with unequal lanceolate ciliated pale or
dark-brown scales, the lower ones often nearly black ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
2-1 in. br., the point acute, the base narrowed gradually; teature thick but
flaccid ; both sides matted and the edge densely ciliated with bright reddish-
brown ciliated linear or lanceolate scales ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. as long as the
other but much narrower, the stems much longer.— A&. Sp. 5. p. 240. A.
vestitum (paleaceum on the plate), Hk. & Gr. t. 285.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Ecuador and the Amazon Valley ; Sandwich Isles,
Sumatra, Ceylon, Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles, Guinea Coast, Madeira, Azores —Dis-
tinguished by its soft texture and copious long-ciliated scales. A. plumosum, Fée, and
probably A. Wageneri, Kze., may be placed here with confidence,

412 60. AcRosTiciiuM, ** sTENOCHLENA.

** Stenochlena, J. Sm. Barren fronds simply pinnate, the pinnee like those of
Tomer in their shape, coriaceous texture, and fine close venation. Sp. 66-70.
ig. 60. f. g. ‘

66. A. (Steno.) sorbifolium, L.; rhizome thick, woody, often 30-40 ft. l.,
clasping trees like a cable, sometimes prickly ; /. 12-18 in. 1, 6-12 in. br.,
simply pinnate; barren pinne 4-8 in. L, 2-4 in. br., 8 to 20 on each side, articu-
lated at the base, the edge entire or toothed ; zezture coriaceous or subcoriaceous 5
both sides naked; rachis often winged; fertile pinne 1-2 in. apart, 2-4 in. 1.,
4-€ in. br.— H&A. Sp. 5. p. 241.

Hab. West Indies to Peru and South Brazil; Fiji, Samoa, New Caledonia, Philip-
pines, Malaccas, Cochin China, Seychelles, Mascaren Isles, Angola, Guinea Coast,—
This corresponds to the genus Lomariopsis of Fée, who makes 17 species. The type
has 12 to 20 pairs of pinnz about 2-3 in. L, $ in. br., the edge slightly and irregularly
crenato-serrate ; 8. longifolia, J. Sm. (Lomaria, Kaulf.), fewer pinne, the edge more
distinctly toothed, and the base cuneate; A. yapurense, Mart. (Gard. F. t. 57), pinne
sometimes 1} in. br., 3 to 6 ona side, almost entire, the texture not so coriaceous, and
the veining not so close ; Z. fraxinea, Willd., short-stalked, entire, pinne often 5-6 in. 1.,
1-1} in. br.; LZ. Wrightii, Eaton, oblong-obovate pinnae remarkably narrowed at the
base, and cuspidate at the apex ; and Z. cuspidata, Fée, long-stalked, ligulate-cuspidate
pinnz sometimes 8 in. 1. Here also, as abnormal forms, probably belong A. buxifolium,
Kze., pinne sessile, coriaceous, dark-green, oblong, very obtuse, under 1 in. 1., 4 in. br. ;
L. variabilis, Fée, lower pinne deeply pinnatifid, with round crenated lobes ; Polyp.?
binerve, Hk., and L. Smithii, Fée, frond sessile, deltoid, tripinnatifid, the pinnules small,
dichotomously forked, or with 2 ligulate lobes on each side.

67. A. (Steno.) decrescens, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. 2-3
in. 1., firm, slightly scaly; barren fr. 18 in. 1, 4 in. br., with about 40 pinne
on each side, those about a third of the way down the longest, and from this
narrowed very gradually down to mere auricles at the base ; pinn close, 3 in. br.,
the edge obscurely crenulate ; feature coriaceous ; both sides naked ; rachis slightly
winged upwards ; fertile pinne } in. br., cuneate at the base or subpetiolate.—A.
polyphyllum, H&. Sp. 5. p. 248. (not p. 269).

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, West Tropical Africa, Mann, 1391.

68. A. (Steno.) scandens, J. Sm.; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaleless ;
st. 8-4 in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-8 ft. ]., 1 ft. or more br., simply pee ;
barren pinne 4-8 in. 1., 3-14 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge thickened
and serrulate, the base cuneate, sessile, or slightly stalked, articulated, and with
usually a gland on the upper side; teztwre coriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; veins fine and close ; fertile pinne 6-12 in. 1., 13-2 lin. br., the lower
ones 1-1} in. apart.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 249. Polyp. palustre, Lénn., oldest name.

Hab. Himalayas and South China to Ceylon, Queensland, and Fiji.—The veins here
spring from a line (see fig. 60. £.) which runs parallel with the midrib, either quite close
to it or with a very narrow space between. Davallia achilleifolia, Wall. (Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 195. t. 56. D.), seems to be a deltoid tripinnatifid abnormal form. It is Teratophyllum
aculeatum, Mett., Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat, 4. p, 296.

69. A. (Steno.) laurifolium, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, naked; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18
in. br., simply pinnate; barren pinne 6-9 in. 1., 14-14 in. br., narrowed gradually
from the cordate base to the apex, the edge sharply but finely toothed, the base
sessile, not articulated, and without a gland ; texture coriaceous; rachis and both
sides naked ; veins fine and close; fertile pinne 6-10 in. 1, 4-4 in. br., the lower
ones 1-2 in. apart.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 251.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 2261; Solomon Isles, Milne, 518.—Like the last, but
larger, and the pinne not articulated.

70. A, (Steno.) tenuifolium, Baker ; rhizome wide-scandent, woody, slightly

60. ackosticuum, *** PoLYBOTRYA. 413

scaly ; barren fr. simply pinnate, the st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, firm, erect, the fr. 2-5
ft. L, 12-18 in. br. ; pinne 6-12 in. 1., 2-14 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
thickened and serrulate, the base short-stalked, with a gland on the upper side,
not articulated ; fertile 7r. bipinnate, on a longer stem ; pinne long-stalked, with
numerous distant pinn/. 2-3 in. |., 3-1 lin. br., spreading from the rachis at
right angles; ¢ezfure coriaceous ; rachis and both sides glossy ; reins fine and
close.—Lomaria, Deso. A. Meyerianum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 250. G. F. t. 16.

Hab. Mascaren Isles and Natal._—Well distinguished from all the others by its com-
pound fertile pinnz.

2% Polybotrya, H.B.K. Barren frond not lomaricid in habit, variously
pinnatifid or pinnate, with the veins, except in the first species, pinnate in the
ultimate divisions of the barren frond. Fig. 60.c,d,e. Sp. 71-83.

71. A. (Polyb.) Sifurcatum, Swz.; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender,
stramineous, naked; jr. 3-4 in. 1., $2 in. br., pinnate; lower pinne of
barren fr. usually 2- sometimes 3-cleft, with linear divisions, those of the barren
pinne broader and not so deep ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; a single
vein carried into each ult. division. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 209. 2nd Cent, t. 91.
Microstaphyla, Pree?, Adiantum furcatum, Zizn., oldest name.

Hab. St. Helena.

72. A. (Polyb.) articulatum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, nearly naked; fr. ample,
probably several feet long, bipinnate ; barren pinne (in our specimens) 9 in. L.,
13 in. br. ; pinnt. close, oblong, the point bluntish, the edge crenate, the upper
side distinctly auricled, and the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; ¢ezture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; fertile pinne 3-4 in. l1., stalked,
linear-cylindrical, auricled on the upper side at the base.—Hk&, Sp. 5. p. 247.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 296. Isa Teratophyllum of Metienius.

73. A. (Polyb.) Wilkesianum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, naked ; st.
6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, stramineous; fr. bipinnate, 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
upper pinne of the barren fr. entire in one of our specimens, usually all cut
down to the rachis into numerous unequal-sided rhomboidal pinnl., which are
cuneate, especially below at the base, the rest of the edge deeply toothed ; texture
glossy, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. stalked, linear-
cylindrical or oblong-subdimidiate.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 247.

Hab. Society Isles and New Caledonia.—This comes near the preceding, with
which Mettenins unites it. Both have the pime and pinnules distinctly jointed at the
base.

74. A. (Polyb.) apiifolium, Hk. ; caud. stout, woody, erect ; st. of barren fr.
2-3 in. 1., erect, densely clothed with tomentum ; barren fr. 4-6 in. each way,
deltoid, tripinnate ; pinn@ close, only the lowest pair with pinnatifid pinnl. ;
ult. divisions oblong-rhomboidal, 3-2 in. 1., the base equally cuneate, the outer
edge slightly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachises tomentose ; fertile fr. on a
slender naked st. 6-8 in. ]., the fr. panicled with a few distant slender simple
or compound beaded branches.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 248.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 26, Lobb.—This has altogether the habit of an Anemia, with
the fertile segments ball-like, with the sori all over the surface.

75. A. (Polyb.) plumbicaule, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ; st.
of barren fr. 9-10 in. L, firm, erect, glossy, naked; barren fr. 14-2 ft. 1.,
nearly 1 ft. br., simply pinnate, with about 12 pinn@ on each side below the
point, the lower ones sessile, 5-6 in. I., 1 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge in
the upper part sharply toothed, the base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate

414 60. AcRosTicHuUM, *** poLYBOTRYA.

on the lower side ; ¢eature coriaceous; rachis and both sides naked ; veins fine,
in close pinnated groups, with two veinlets on each side ; st, of barren fr. 1 ft. 1. ;
barren pinne: pinnate, the lower ones 2-3 in, 1., 2-8 lin. br., the pinnl. oblong.

Hab. Tarapota, North Peru, Spruce, 4090.

76. A. (Polyb.) fractiseriale, Baker ; st. (of fertile fr.) 2 ft.1.,naked ; barren jr.
4 ft. L, 2 ft. br., simply pinnate, with 16 pinn@ on each side, the lower ones
short-stalked, 1 ft. 1., 14-14 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge toothed, the base
rounded on the upper, truncate on the lower side; feature coriaceous ; rachis and
both sédes naked ; veins distinct, in pinnate groups of 8-4 on a side, with a simple
vein springing from the rachis midway between each group; fertile pinne
distant, simply pinnate, the lower ones 6 in. 1, # in. br.

Hab, Monte Campana, North Peru, Spruce, 4837.—This and the preceding are two
interesting novelties, easily recognisable from the other South American species by their
quite simple pinnz,

77. A. (Polyb.) aspidioides, Baker; 1 ft. high; st. densely clothed with lan-
ceolate-acuminate scales; fr. bipinnatifid; upper pimn@ united at the base,
lower 23 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt linear-oblong
faleate subserrulate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked; fertile fr.
narrower, bipinnatifid, the lobes fertile on both sides.—Polybotrya, Griseb. Cat.
Pi. Cub. p. 276. .

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1827.—This we have not seen, and the description is compiled
from Grisebach, who compares the general habit of the plant to that of NV. Filia-mas.

78. A. (Polyb.) pubens, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ; st. 6-9
in. 1., firm, erect, villose, scaly below ; barren fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., the
lower pinne 5-6 in. 1, 14-14 in. br., cut more than halfway down to the midrib
into close blunt subentire oblong lobes $-% in. br. ; ¢ewtwre subcoriaceous ; all
the rachises villose and the under surface slightly so ; fertile pinne 1 in. or more
apart, the upper ones simple, 3-4 in 1, 4 in. br., the lower ones with a few short
branches spreading at right angles from the lower part.— Polyb, Kze. Linnea,
9. p. 23.

Hab. Brazil, Martius ; Peru, Poppig, Spruce, 3880, 4740,-—-This is much less compound
than the next, with which it is united in “‘Sp. Fil.,” the lower pinne being not larger
than the central ones and pinnatifid only.

79. A. (Polyb.) acuminatum, Hk.; rhizome thick, woody, wide-scandent,
densely scaly ; st. 4-6 in. ]., firm, erect, scaly throughout ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
often 1 ft. br., deltoid, bipinnate ; vipper pinne oblong-lanceolate, slightly lobed,
truncate on the lower side at the base, 2-3 in. 1., #-1 in. br. ; lower pinne 6-8
in. 1, 4-5 in. br., with several similar péna. on each side ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; fertile fr. 1 ft. 1,, deltoid, tripinnate ; segm. short,
linear-oblong.— Hk, Sp. 5. p. 245.

Hab, Brazil—This resembles the least divided forms of the next in ils barren frond,
but the fertile frond is more compact and more compound, with much shorter ultimate
divisions. The Peruvian P. nutans, Kze., seems to come near to this, but the fertile
frond is said to be subquadripinnatifid at the base.

80. A. (Polyb.) caudatum, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, often 1 in.
thick ; sé. woody, erect, with long linear scales at the base; fr. bipinnate or
tripinnatifid, 5-4 ft. 1., 1-3 ft. br., the upper barren pinne lanceolate, pinnatifid,
the lower ones sometimes 18 in. 1, 6-10 in. br. ; pinnd. 3-5 in. 1, 3-1} in. br.,
the edge entire, with oblong-falcate lobes reaching halfway down to the
midrib ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked; fertile pinnl. 2-8
in, L, 1 lin. br., continuous or beaded, 4-1 in. apart.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 244,

60. acrosticHuM, **** EGENOLEIA, ***** RHIPIDOPTERIS. 415

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Brazil._—This and A. pubens may be dis.
tinguished from the rest by their long dangling narrow-cylindrical fertile pinnules.

81. A. (Polyb.) osmundaceum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, clothed
with long linear scales; sf. 12-18 in. 1, firm, erect, stramineous, scaly only at
the base; fr. ample, tripinnatifid or tripinnate, the lower pinne 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8
in. br.; barren pinnl. stalked, lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
below into close subentire lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; fertile
jr. and pinne nearly or quite as large as the barren ones; segm. linear, cylin-
oy 44 in.1., with a space between them.—Hf&. Sp. 5. p.246. A. cylindricum,

abe C

Hab. Cuba to Ecuador and South Brazil.

82. A. (Polyb.) canaliculatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, spinulose
and densely clothed with linear scales; st. 1 ft. or more L, scaly throughout ;
Jr. 2-3 ft. 1, 12-18 in. br., tripinnate 5 lower barren pinne 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. 3;
pinnl. lanceolate, stalked, cut down to the rachis below into oblong lobes ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. close, the branches in. |.,
spreading at right angles and bearing 3-4 sessile balls of sori.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 247.

Hab. Venezuela.—Very near the last, but the fertile segments moniliform.

83. A. (Polyb.) Lechlerianum, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ;
st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly downwards; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the
barren one quadripinnatifid ; Zower pinne 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinni. close, lan-
ceolate ; segm. oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis into ligulate lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachzses pubescent ; fertile pinnl. narrower, distant, the segin.
between oblong and cylindrical, with a space between them, the lower ones rather
beaded.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 246. 2nd Cent. t. 97.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2156, Spruce, 4744 ; Ecuador, Jameson.—Much more divided
than any of the preceding. :

*x%% Egenolfia, Schott. Differs from Polybotrya only by the presence of a seta
in the sinus of the lobes of the ultimate divisions. Fig. 60. h,i,j. Sp. 84.

84. A. (Egenol.) appendiculutum, Willd.; rhizome firm, woody; barren fr.
6-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate, sometimes rooting at the apex; st. 8-6
in. 1., erect, naked or slightly scaly ; pinn@ 2-4 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., the edge
varying from subentire to cut halfway down to the midrib into blunt lobes, the
upper side often auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the base ; colour
dark-green ; texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; rachis often
rather scaly ; fertile fr. narrower, on a longer st., the pinne roundish or oblong,
pften distinctly stalked.—6, A. Hamiltonianum, Wall. ; pinnae large, lanceolate,
acuminate, equal-sided, subentire, the fertile ones with the sori in bead-like
clusters without any connecting leafy membrane.—y, P. ludens, Wall.; barren
pinne 1 in. or more br., equal-sided, deeply pinnatifid, with crenulate lobes, the
lowest pair with several distinct pinnatifid pznn/. on the lower side ; fertile pinne
linear-oblong, blunt, entire—Hé. Sp. 5. p. 251. Ez. F. 2. t. 198.

Hab. Himalayas to Hong-Kong, Ceylon, the Malaccas, and Philippines.—Fée enu-
merates eight species, and makes of the forms with moniliform fertile pinnz a sub-genus
(Granulina, Bory), but the extremes appear to pass into one another quite gradually.
P. Helferiana, Kze., is a small form with beaded fertile pinnz and blunt slightly-lobed
barren ones a little truncate at the base beneath,

*#%** Rhipidopteris, Schott. Venation Jtabellate, the fertile fronds small, sub-
orbicular, uncut. Sp. 85. Fig. 60. k, 1.

85. A. (Rhip.) flabellatum, H. B. K.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping; st.
distant, 1-3 in. L, slender, slightly scaly ; sterile fr. cuneato-flabellate, $-? in. br.,

416 60. acrosticHUM, * ACONIOPTERIS AND OLFERSIA, ** STENOSEMIA.

entire or cleft, the outer edge crenate or dentate ; teature subcoriaceous ; fertile
fr. in. br. orbicular.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 252. Ic. t. 96.—8, A. tripartitum, Uk. ;
barren fr. 2-8 times dichotomously forked, with cuneate or ligulate ult. divisions.
—Hk. & Gr. t, 118.

Hab. New Granada to Peru.

86. A. (Rhip.) peliatum, Sw.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping; st. distant,
slender, 1-3 in. 1., scaly throughout; barren fr. 1-2 in. each way, repeatedly
dichotomously forked, with narrow linear ultimate divisions }-4 lin. br. 5 teature
subcoriaceous ; fertile fr. } in, br., often 2-lobed.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 252.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Brazil.

87. A. (Rhip.) feniculaceum, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. distant,
slender, 2-8 in. 1., scaly throughout ; sterile fr. 1-2 in. br., very often dichoto-
mously forked, with filiform ultimate divisions ; texture subcoriaceous ; fertile fr.
£ in. br., 2-lobed.— HA. Sp. 5. p. 258. Hk. & Gr. t. 119.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce.
§§ Veins anastomosing. Sp. 88-182.
* Veins united only near the margin. Sp. 88-90.
‘+ Fronds simple. Aconiopteris, Presi. Sp. 88-89. Fig. 60. p. 9

88. A. (Acon.) subdiaphanum, Hk. & Gr. ; caud. woody, erect; st. tufted, 2-6
in. ]., firm, erect, scaly ; barren fr. 4-8 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., both ends narrowed,
the edge entire ; textwre subcoriaceous ; veins beneath very prominent, united by
a zigzag veinlet just within the edge; fertile fr. much narrower, on a longer
stem.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 256. Hk. & Gr. t. 105.

Hab. St. Helena, The oldest name is A. nervosum, Bory.

89. A. (Acon.) gorgoneum, Kaulf.; st. tufted, firm, erect, 1-2 in. 1., passing
gradually into the barren fr., which is 6-15 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., the point acute,
the lower two-thirds narrowed very gradually, the edge entire; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins united by a straight veinlet just ‘within the
margin; fertile fr. smaller, narrower, on a st. 6 in. or more 1—Hk&, Sp. 5.
p. 254.

Hab. Sandwich and Society Isles.—Habit of A. latifolium.
tt Fronds pinnate. Olfersia, Raddi. Sp. 90. Fig. 60. m, n, o.

90. A. (Olf.) cervinum, Sw.; rhizome woody, creeping, densely clothed with
long linear scales; st. 1 ft. or more 1., scaly downwards ; barren fr. 2-4 ft. |,
simply pinnate ; penne 4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., entire or nearly so, unequal at the
base ; ¢eature coriaceous, naked ; veins prominent, united just within the edge
by a straight veinlet ; fertile pinne distant, linear-lanceolate, bipinnate, with
short spreading subcylindrical pinnl—Hk. é Gr. t. 81. Fil. Ex. t. 48.—8, O.
corcovadensis, Raddi; fertile fr. simply pinnate only, the pinnes unbranched.
—Hk, Sp. 5. p. 254.

Hab, Cuba and Mexico to South Brazil and Peru.—The extremes look very different,
but are connected by intermediates, There is a form with the barren pinney deeply
pectinato-pinnatifid.

** Stenosemia, Presl. Veins forming one or two rows of areola against the
midribs, the rest free. Sp. 91. Fig. 60. r, 5.

91. A. (Steno.) auritum, Sw.; caud. erect; woody ; sterile fr. with a st. 6-9
in. ]., deltoid, 8-12 in. each way, ternate, the central segm. deeply pinnatifid,

60. aAcRosTIcHUM, *** soRoMANES, **** + G@YMNOPTERIS. 417

with lanceolate entire lobes, the lateral ones unequal-sided, with elongated lobed
lanceolate-oblong lower pinnl. not reaching down to the rachis ; texture papy-
raceous ; both sides naked ; fertile fr. with a st. 12-18 in. l., deltoid, with distant
linear pinne 4 lin. br., the upper ones simple, the lower pinnatifid.—H&. Sp. 5.
p. 257. Fil. Ex. t. 81.

Hab. Philippine, Malay, and Solomon Isles.—S. cicutaria, Pres], known only ina
barren state, is more deeply divided, with narrower lobes and more conspicuous main
veins, which are fulvo-villose on the under surface,

*** Soromanes, Fée. Veins pinnate, a few of those of contiguous groups usually
joining. Sp. 92. Fig. 60. t. u.

92. A. (Soro.) Cenopteris, Kze. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, densely clothed
with long linear ferruginous scales; s¢. 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, scaly below ;
fertile fr. 13-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., simply pinnate; pinne 4-8 in. 1., 1-1}
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, entire or toothed, especially towards the point, or
sometimes pinnatifid; texture subcoriaceous; both sides naked; fertile fr.
smaller and narrower, with pinnate pinne }1 in. br.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 256. S.
serratifolium and integrifolium, Fée.

Hab. Mexico to South Brazil.—The venation is that of Cyclodium, and in some of the
forms the veins hardly unite at all.

*x2% Veins anastomosing copiously. Sp. 93-182.

+ Gymnopteris, Bernh. Fronds dimorphous. Main veins distinct nearly or
quite to the edge. Sp. 93-107. Fig. 60. v—x. aa. bb.

A. Barren frond entire. Sp. 93-95.

93. A. (Gym.) Linnwanum, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 1-2 in. L.,
slightly fibrillose below; barren fr. 4-8 in. 1, } in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, sometimes rooting at the point, the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ;
colour dark-green ; main veins fine, rather zigzag but distinct nearly to the edge ;
areole copious, without free veinlets; fertile fr. 3-4 in. 1, 4 in. br., the st.
slender, 4-5 in. 1—Hz&, Sp. 5. p. 278. 2nd Cent. t. 26.

Hab. Malay Isles.

94. A. (Gym.) gaboonense, Hk.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; sf. of barren
fr. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 1 ft.1., 3-4 in. br., narrow-
oblong, the apex sometimes proliferous, the edge subentire, the base narrowed
suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked; main veins very distinct,
reaching nearly to the edge, with transverse veinlets, with copious intermediate
areole with a few free veinlets ; fertile fr. 4-6 in. 1., #1 in. br., narrowed at
both ends, the edge sinuated, the st. 13-2 ft. 1—H&. Sp. 5. p. 270.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Mann 1049 ; Angola (1,000-2,400 ft.), Welwitsch.—Barren frond
very like that of the next, but the fertile one not Lomarioid,

95. A. (Gym.) variabile, Hk.; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. of barren fr. 0-6 in. 1;
barren fr. 6-18 in. 1., 14-3 in. br., oblong-spathulate, with a very long gradually-
narrowed haft, the point blunt or acute, the edge entire; teature papyraceo-
herbaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins raised, zigzag, reaching nearly to the
edge, with copious fine ereole with free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. 6-12
in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the st. often 1 ft. 1—Gym. decurrens, Hh. G. F. t. 6.—8,
laciniatum, Hk.; barren fr. deeply irregularly pinnatifid ; fertile fr. pinnate,
with a few Lomarioid pinne.—HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 277

Hab. Himalayas (up to 3,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java.
36

418 60. AcRosTicHUM, **** + G@YMNOPTERIS.

B. Barren fronds sometimes simple, but one or two pairs of distinct pinnee when
fully developed. Sp. 96-100.

96. A.(Gym.)oligarchicum, Baker ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; s¢. of barren
fr. 6-8 in. 1, firm, scaly ; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1, 3-6 in. br., broad-oblong, the
edge nearly entire, the base subcuneate, simple or with a single pair of small
spreading oblong pinne at the base; feature herbaceous; main veins 4-2 in.
apart, raised beneath, distinct to the edge, with abundant areolw with free
pila peneeen them ; fertile fr. simple, 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., or ternate, the st.

-12 in. 1.

Hab. North Peru, Spruce 4787, 4636.—Most like A. panduriforme, but the veining
different.

97. A. (Gym.) quercifolium, Retz. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; sf. of barren
fr. 1-2 in. L, clothed with soft spreading ferruginous hairs ; barren fr. 3-4 in. L.,
13-2 in. br., the terminal pinna with blunt rounded lobes, reaching sometimes
zt of the way to the rachis ; below this usually a single pair of small sessile ovate
blunt auriculate lateral ones ; texture thin-herbaceous; veins beneath hairy ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with copious areole with free veinlets between
them ; fertile fr. with a terminal pinna 1-2 in. 1, 1 lin. br., and a ay of
smaller lateral ones, the st. slender, 6-9 in. L., naked except at the base.— Hk. Sp.
5. p. 279. Ic. t. 905, Fil. Ex. t. 80.

Hab. Peninsular India, Ceylon, South China, Cochin-China,

98. A. (Gym.) Harlandii, Hk. ; caud. woody ; st. 1-1} ft. 1, firm, glossy,
chesnut-brown, scaly at the base ; barren fr. simple or with an oblong-spathu-
late entire terminal pinna, sometimes 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., and 1-2 smaller similar
ones on each side, usually connected at the base, all acuminate ; texture coria-
ceous ; main veins distinct, connected by transverse veinlets with copious areole
with free included veinlets between them; fertile fr. similar, but the pinne
ae smaller.—H&, Sp. 6. p. 274. G. decurrens, Hk. Fil. Ea. t. 94. (not

. Ft. 6).

Hab. Hong-Kong and Formosa,

99. A. (Gym.) taccefolium, Hk.; caud. woody, with copious dark reddish-
brown linear scales; st. of barren fr. 1-4 in. 1., scaly downwards ; barren fr.
varying from simple oblong-lanceolate, entire, 1 ft. or more 1., 2-3 in. br., to
14-2 ft. 1, more than 1 ft. br., copiously pinnate, with oblong-lanceolate pinne
6-9 in. L., 1} in. br., the upper ones narrowly decurrent, the lower ones forked
at the base on the under side; texture papyraceous; rachis and surfaces naked ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge, with regular transverse veinlets and
copious fine areolee with abundant free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. simple,
ae ae 4 in. br., or pinnate, with forked linear pinne.—Hzé. Sp. 5. p. 279.

c. t. 907.

Hab. Philippines.—Though so variable in cutting, the forms coincide in texture and

bce The simple form is L. hilocarpus, Fée, and the 3-lobed form Gymn. trilobata,
. Sm,

100. A. (Gym.) flagelliferum, Wall. ; rhizome woody, creeping, scaly ; st. of
barren fr. 6-12 in.1,, nearly naked, the latter simple or with 1-8 pairs of pinne, the
terminal ong ovate-lanceolate, entire or repand, and often very much elongated
and rooting at the point, the lateral ones 3-6 in. 1. 1-2 in. br., sometimes also
prolonged ; ¢esture herbaceous; rachis and both sides naked; main weins
pinnate, with copious areola between them, with few or no free veinlets ; fertile
pinne 2-3 in. 1, about § in. br.—Hzk. Sp. 5. p. 258. Hk. & Gr. t. 28, A. hete-
roclitum, Prest, <A. diversifolium, Blume. ;

Hab. Himalayas to Java and the Philippines, _

60. acrosTicHuM, **** + GYMNO:TERIS. 419

C. Barren fronds copiously pinnate. Sp. 101-107.

101. A. (Gym.) repandum, Blume ; st. of barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., naked ; barren
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., sometimes elongated and rooting, with numerous pinne
on each sifle, the lower ones 4-6 in.1., #-1 in. br., the edge with entire blunt lobes
reaching a quarter of the way down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; main veins distinct ; areole copious, without free veinlets, the sinuses
often setose ; fertile pinne 2-3 in. L, 2-3 lin. br., stalked, entire or repand.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 260.—B, A. Quoyanum, Gaud.; pinne lobed halfway down or
more, the lobes toothed.— Hi, Sp. 5. p. 259. C. bipinnatifidum, Metz.

Hab. South China, Bonin, Philippine, Malay, and Polynesian Isles, New Caledonia,
Queensland, Seychelles.—The two varieties seem to be connected by gradual interme-
diates. NV. argutum, Fée, is probably this in an undeveloped condition.

102. A. (Gym.) punctulatum,Sw.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 6-12 in. 1, slightly scaly, the latter 12-18 in. l., often 1 ft. br. with a terminal
pinna and 1 to 8 on each side, which are 4-9 in. |., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or
oblong, narrowed at both ends, the edge entire or repand ; texture papyraceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; main veins pinnate, with copious hexagonal areole
between them without free veinlets ; fertile fr. on a longer slender stem with
similar but much smaller pinne.—Zé. Sp. 5. p. 258. A. punctatum, Linn.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Guinea Coast, Angola.

103. A. (Gym.) subrepandum, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. stout, erect, nearly naked ; barren fr. varying from simple, 1 ft. 1.,
13-2 in. br., to 2 ft. 1, 1 ft. br., copiously pinnate, with several linear-oblong
entire or subrepand pinne on each side, which are sometimes 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; main veins distinct nearly to
the edge, with copious areole with free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. like the
others, but smaller.—H&. Sp. 5. p. 275. A. Gollingeri, Kze.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming 225 ; Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier.—Very near the last, but
firmer in texture.

104. A. (Gym.) alienum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. 6-18 in. 1.,
scaly downwards ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., the upper part deeply
pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes, the lower part pinnate, with entire or deeply
pinnatifid lower pinne, the lobes sometimes reaching more than halfway down to
the rachis ; ¢ezture papyraceous ; rachis and surfaces naked, a distinct midvein
in each of the lobes; areole copious, irregular, with free veinlets ; fertile fr.
mouch smaller, with distant narrow linear or pinnatifid leafy pinne.—Ak. Sp. 5.
p-272.—B, A. semipinnatifidum, Hk. ; areole with few or no free veinlets.— HE. Sp.
5. p. 273.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to North Peru,and the Amazon Valley.—This and the next
are the American analogues of the three preeeding. Mettenius (Aunales, 5. ser. vol. 2.
p. 204) has two closely allied species from New Granada under the names of Chrysodium
opacum and pellucens.

105. A. (Gym.) nicottanefolium, Swz.; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, scaly ;
” st.14-2 ft. 1., scaly below ; barren fr. 1-3 ft. 1, often 1 ft. br.,.with a large
terminal pimna and 1-3 lateral pairs, which are 6-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire or nearly so, the base slightly rounded or subcuneate ;
texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous; rachis and surfaces naked; main veins
distinct to the edge, with transverse veinlets, with copious fine areole with free
veinlets between them ; fertile pinne distant, 3-4 in. l., 21 in. br.—A&. Sp. 5.
p. 275. G. F.t. 26.

Hab. Cuba to the Amazon Valley.

420 60. acrosticuuM, *#** ++ CHRYSODIUM.

106. A. (Gym.) Preslianum, Hk.; rhizome woody, short-creeping; st. 4-8
in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; barren fr. 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br., with numerous erecto-
patent pinne on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1, # in. br., the edge entire,
narrowed to both ends, the lower ones short-stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked; venation of Goniophlebium; fertile pinme 1 in. 1,
2 in. br., blunt, stalked.— Hz. Sp. 5. p. 265. (not p. 220).

Hab. Philippines, fide Presi; Concan, Mr. Law.—Habit resembling that of the
narrow-leaved forms of the next, but the venation peculiar. There are two plants given
under the same name in ‘Sp. Fil.”

107. A. (Gym.) virens, Wall.-; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked, the latter 1-8 ft. 1, often 1 ft. br., with numerous
sessile yinnw on each side, which are 4-8 in. 1., 3-1 in br., the edge repand or
bluntly lobed, the terminal one sometimes elongated and rooting at the point ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked; veins pinnate, main
veins distinct, the veinlets of opposite groups joining, with usually a single
quadrangular areole between them, free veinlets none; fertile fr. on longer
stems, the pinnee 2-4 in. 1., 4-4 in. br., linear or ligulate, entire or lobed — Hh. &
Gr. t. 221, A. terminans and contaminans, Wall. Bolbitis, Schott—6, A.
crispatulum, Wall. ; pinne narrow, coriaceous, crisped, the veins anastomosing
principally in costal arches.—y, A. proliferum, Hk.; pinne broad ; main veins
close, distinct, the veinlets of contiguous groups joining at an angle, as in
Goniopteris, from which proceed one or in the lower areole two free veinlets,
terminal pinna usually elongated and rooting.—Hz&. Jc. t. 681-2.—0, A. costatum,
Wall. ; pinne 8-12 in. 1., 2-3in. br., tinged with red; main veins very distinctly
raised beneath, 14-2 lin. apart, the transverse veins joining at an angle, with 2-3
free veinlets or areolee between them.—Hzé. Sp. 5. p. 262.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Formosa, and Moulmein; Angola, Fernando Po, Sierra
Leone.—We cannot draw-any clear line of separation between the plants here placed as
varieties, There are two remarkable Abnormal states,—one, Meniscium deltigerum, Wall.,
with the fertile pinne nearly as broad as the barren ones, and the sori in triangular,
often confluent, patches between the main veins; and the other, Notholena undulata,
Wall. (Jenkinsia, Hk. Gen. Fil. 75), with the sori in a broad band along the edge of the
pinne, which is sometimes lobed between the main veins.

+t Chrysodium, 2ée. Fronds dimorphous, or in A, aureum, the upper pinne
like the others and fertile; main veins none or indistinct. Sp. 108-128.

A. Barren fronds entire. Sp. 108-114.

108. A. (Chrys.) minus, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, firm; st. of barren fr.
1-2 in. 1, naked, stramineous; barren fr. 14-2 in. 1, 2-4 in. br., the point
bluntish, the edge quite entire, the base tapering gradually ; ¢eatwre herbaceous ;
surfaces naked; no main veins; areole copious, with copious free veinlets,
bounded by a wavy intramarginal line ; ferteéle fr. 14-2 in. 1, § in. br., the st.
slender, naked, 3-4 in. 1.—HA. Sp. 5. p. 277. 2nd Cent. t. 78.

Hab, Philippines, Cuming ; Khasya (2-3,000 ft.), Hk. fil. & Thomson.

109. A. (Chrys.) danceolatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren jr. 1-6 in. 1.; barren fr, 6-12 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., the point blunt or acute,
the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; tecture herbaceous;
surfaces naked ; main veins raised, but falling considerably short of the edge;
areole copious, with free veinlets ; fertile fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-4 in. br., the st. as

long.—f, G. normalis, J. Sm. ; barren fr. sessile, 2-4 in, 1.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 157.

‘

Hab. Peninsular India, Ceylon, Malaya, Philippines,

110, A. (Chrys.) aaillare, Cav.; rhizome wide-scandent ; barren fr. 6-18

60. acrosticHumM, **#* ++ cHRYSODIUM. 43}

in. ]., 3-14 in. br., the point bluntish, the edze entire, the lower haf tapering
very gradually to the base or a short stem ; texture papyrace:«s ; surfaces naked ;
no main teins ; areole very copious, with abundant free veinlets : fertile fr. 6-12
in. L, 1-3 in. br., flexnose, on a stem 1-6 in. 1—HE. Sp. 5. p. 270.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Philippine, and Malay {slea.

111, A. (Chrys.) aureo-nitens, Hk. ; sf. -ufted, that of the barren fr. very
short, the latter oblong-spathulate, 3-4 in. L, 1 in. br. a short ¢is-ance from the
blunt apex, thence narrowed gradualiy to the base. the edge entire ; texture
coriaceous ; under surface densely clothed with ovate-acuminate ferruginous
scales; aresle fine, copious, hexagonal, without free veinlets ; #. of fertile fr.
3-5 in. L, firm, erect, sealy ; fertile fr. pinnate, with 2-3 distant ligulate-oblong
pinnz on each side.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 270. I>. ¢. 933.

Hats. Galapagos —A very distinct species, remarkable for the combination of an
entire barren with a pinnate fertile frond.

112. A. (Chrys.) rticulatum, Kaulf. ; caud. erect, woody, with large narrow
lanceolate ferruginous scaics ; #. of barren fr. 1-3 in. L, firm, erect; darren jr.
6-9 in. 1, 1} in. br., the poin: bluniish, the edge entire, the base subcuneate ;
texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; reins indistinct, fine, anastomosing copiously ;
fertile fr. like the other, but the #. 6-9 in. L—HE. Sp. 5. p. 267.

Hab. Sandwich Isles,

113. A. (Chrys.) pachyphyllum, Kze.; sf. nearly 1 ft. L, strong, erect ; barren
Jr. 2 fi. 1, 6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, the ele entire ;
texture very coriacesus 5 surfaces naked ; rzins fme, subparallel, anastomosing
in areole several times as long as br. ; fertile fr. 9 im. 1, 24 in. br.—HE. Sp. 5.
p.- 268.

Hab. Peru, Peppig.—This and the preceding have quite the habit and texture of
Elaphoglossum.

114. A. (Chrys.) crinitum, L.; caud. woody, erect; #. of barren fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
densely clothed with long, slender, squarrose fibrillose purplish-brown scales ;
barren jr. often 12-18 in. L., 6-9 in. br.. broad-oblong, the apex blunt, the base
rounded, the edge entire ; tezture subcoriaceous ; the edge densely fringed and
both sides seattered over with scales like those of the stem; areola
hexagonal, without free veinlets ; rertile fr. like the o:her but much smaller,
the st. longer—AHE. Sp. 5. p. 267. HE. & Gro t.1. Fil. Ex. t.6. Hymeno-
dium, Fée.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico.

B. Barren fronds sometimes simple, but forked, or pinnatifid or pinnate.at the base
when fully developed. Sp. 115—118.

115. A. (Chrys.) bicuspe, Hk. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, densely clothed
with yellowish silky hairs; #. of barren fr. 1 ft. L, firm, naked ; barren fr. 5-6
in: br. in the entire portion, the base rounded, the apex consisting of two broad
divaricated acuminate lobes with a broad rounded sinus between, the edge
entire ; texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main teins radiating from the apex
of the stem to the upper edge, with copious areole (the larger ones distinct, the
smaller ones less so) between them ; fertile fr. 6-9 in. L, 4 in. br., narrowed to
both ends with 2-3 prominent subparaliel ribs from the apex to the base, the st.
18 in. or more 1.—, integrifolium, Eaton ; fr. ovate-acuminate, not forke?.—
HE. Sp. 5. p. 271. Cheiropleuria, Pres/.

Hab. Java, Formosa, and Loo Choo Isles.

422 60. AcRosTicHuUM, **** ++ CHRYSODIUM.

116. A, (Chrys.) tricuspe, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; sf. of barren
fr. nearly 1 ft. 1., firm, naked ; barren fr. composed of three entire oblong lobes,
the terminal one 6 in. 1., 2 in. br., the lateral ones spreading, rather smaller ;
texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins fine, not distinct to the edge,
connected by transverse veinlets with copious small areolw between them, with
‘free veinlets ; central lobe of fertile fr. 18 in. 1., ¢ in. br., the lateral ones erecto-
patent, rather shorter, the sf. 14 ft. l1— Hd, Sp. 5. p. 272. t. 304,

Hab. Sikkim, Mrs. Atkinson.—One of the specimens has the upper half of two out of
the three lobes contracted and soriferous, thus connecting this group with Hymenolepis.

117. A. (Chrys.) fluviatile, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping; st. 12-18 in. 1.,
slightly scaly ; barren fr. varying from narrow-oblong, entire, 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.,
to 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., deeply pinnatifid, with a large lanceolate terminal lobe and
1-3 pairs of lateral ones, which are 2-6 in. ]., 1-1} in. br., the apex acuminate,
the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins not distinct
more than halfway to the edge; @reole copious, without free veinlets ; fertile fr.
like the other, but smaller, the sf. 2 ft. 1.—H&. Sp. 5. p.274. 9’

Hab. Guinea Coast ; gathered by Curror, Barter, and Mann.—Most like A. punctu-
latum, but less divided, with main veins less distinct.

{

118. A. (Chrys.) pandurifolium, Hk.; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 6-12 in. 1, firm, slightly scaly ; barven fr. 9-12 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
narrow-oblong, the edge entire, and below this sometimes a pair of small round
or oblong spreading sessile pinne ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces naked ; prin-
cipal veins zigzag, not distinct to the edge ; aveole copious, with abundant free
veinlets ; barren fr. similar, but the principal division 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the st.
12-18 in. L—Ah. Sp. 5. p. 271. Gymnopteris, Wk, 2nd Cent. t. 87.

Hab, Andes of Peru, Spruce 4741, 5684.

C. Barren fronds copiously pinnate. Sp. 119-127.

119. A. (Chrys.) Heudelotii, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1,
firm, erect, naked; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., with numerous erecto-
patent pinne on each side, which are 2-6 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., narrowed to both
ends, the point blunt or acute, the edge nearly entire, all sessile ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sédes naked; veins very fine, the main ones not
straight to the edge, with copious irregular areole between them, with a few free
veinlets ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinne narrower.—Zk. Sp. 5. p. 264.

Hab. Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Zambesi-land.—A plant gathered by Barter, growing
under water at Sierra Leone, may be a form. The texture is pellucid, the whole plant
much smaller, and the pinne are deeply toothed.

120. A. (Chrys.) salcinum, Hk.; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; sf. of barren
Jr. 4-9 in. 1, firm, erect, naked, the latter 1 ft. or more 1. 6-8 in. br., with
numerous erecto-patent pinne on each side, which are 3-4 in. Ll, 4 in. br.,
narrowed to both ends, the edge repand, the lower ones stalked ; éexture sub-
coriaceous ; no distinct main veins, the areole in 2-8 rows between the midrib
and edge, almost without free veinlets ; fertile fr. similar. HZ&. Sp. 5. p. 265.

Hab. Sierra Leone, Barter ; Fernando Po, Mann.—Like the last in habit, but the
areole much fewer and larger. :

121. A. (Chrys.) semicordatum, Baker ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 6-8 in. L., erect, nearly naked; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
sometimes proliferous at the apex; lower pinne 2-3 in. 1, 4-8 in. br., the edge
inciso-crenate throughout, the base cordate on the upper, truncate on the lower
side ; teature herbaceous; surfaces naked; veins fine, the main ones distinct

.

60. acrosticutm, *#** +7 CHRYSODIUM. 423

about halfway to the edge, the areola in 3-4 rows, with free veinlets ; Larren
tig! distant, 1-14 in. L, 1 lin. br.—Peecilopteris semicordata, Moore. Hk. 2nd
nt. t. 88.

Hab. Concan, Law ; Neilgherries, MeIror ; Ceylon, Tiuraites, 3075.

122. A. (Chrys.) Blumeanum, Hk.; rhizome woody, wide-seanden:; st. of
barren fr. 6 in. L., deciduously scaly ; barren jr. 1-3 #. 1, 1 ft. or more br., with
numerous sessile pinne on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge slighily toothed, the base rounded ; texture membranous ;
rachis and midrib beneath slightly scaly; areole hexagonal, without free
veinlets ; fertile fr. with distant pinnz 4-8 in. 1., 1-} in. br.—3, samoense ; st. of
barren fr. 1 ft. 1., the central pinne 2% in. 1., 3 in. br., more distinctly 1-othed.—
HE. Sp. 5. p. 268. Leptochilus lomarioides, Blume.

Hab. Assam, Java, Philippines, and S —Lomag plersida, J. Sm. HE
Gen. Fil. t. 97 (Luzon, Cuming), is apparently an abnormal form of this, with the sori
in a line along the edge of pinnz rather narrower than the usual barren ones. A. Regui-
exianum, Gand., shbuld not unlikely also be referred here.

123. A. (Chrys.) Raddianum, Kze.; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. of
barren fr. 4-6 in. L, firm, naked; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-15 in. br., with
numerous pinne on each side, which are 4-8 in. ]., 3-1 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge toothed, especially towards the point, the base cuneate, the
lower ones often stalked ; tezture firm-herbaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ;
no main teins; costal aresle large, triangular, the others small, without free
veinlets ; fertile fr. like the other, but much smaller.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 264.

Hab. Brazil and Guiana.—Near th: next, but distinguished by its wide-seandent
rhizome and more uniform veining. The oldest name is Polypedium guiancnse, Aublet,

124. A. (Chrys.) serratifolium, Mert. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 12-18 in. L, slightly sealy ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., with
numerous sessile pinnae on each side, which are 3-8 in. ]., 2-14 in br., the edge
inciso-crenate, the base cuneate; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and surfaces
naked ; main veins distinct halfway or more to the edge ; costal aresle large,
triangular, the others smaller, without free veinlets ; fertile pinne distant, 2-3
in. 1., 3-4 in. br., blunt, entire—HE. Sp. 5. p. 263.

Hab. Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

125. A. (Chrys.) Lindigii, Baker; rhizome woody, scandent; barren fr.
2 ft. L, 1 ft. br., with about a dozen spreading subsessile pinn on each side, the
lower ones 6-8 in. L, 13 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenate upwards,
the base cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; main reins
distinct more than halfway to the edge, the costal areole shallow, all without
free veinlets ; fertile pinne distant, 4-5 in.1., 32 in. br., entire, narrowed
gradually upwards.—Chrys. ./ett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 204.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig 258.

126. A. (Chrys.) prestantissimum, Bory; caud. erect; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
firm, naked ; barren fr. 2-4 ft. ]., 1-15 ft. br., with numerous sessile pinne on
each side, which are 6-10 in. 1., 13-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge entire,
the base rounded ; éezture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked; areola
copious, hexagonal, without free veinlets; fertile pinne 4-8 in 1, 3-2 in. br.,
distant.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 269. G. Ft. 58. Nesrucallin, Fee.

Hab. West Indies.—In this, as in A. Blumeanum, the sori are sometimes tenitoid.

127. A. (Chrys.) aureum, L.; cai, erect; st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, strong, erect,

424 60. AcrosticHuM, **#*** HyMENOLEPIS, **#*#** pHOTINOPTERIS.

glossy ; fr. 2-6 ft. L, 1-2 ft. by., the upper pinne fertile, slightly smaller than the
barren ones, which are usually stalked, ligulate-oblong, 3 in. to more than ] ft. 1.,
4-3 in. br., the point acute or blunt, sometimes retuse with a mucro, the edge
quite entire, the base subcuneate ; teatwre coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ;
areole very small and copious, without free veinlets—H&. Sp. 5. p. 266.

Hab. Florida and Bermudas to Peru and South Brazil; Polynesia ; Bengal, Hong-
Kong, and Formosa to Queensland, Seychelles, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Natal,
Angola, Guinea Coast.—Includes five species of Fée.

D. Frond bipinnate. Sp. 128.

128, A. (Chrys.) polyphyllum, Uk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. 6-12
in. L, firm, naked, jointed at the base; barren fr. sometimes simply pinnate,
more usually several feet long, with pinnate pinne 6-12 in. ]., 2 in. br. ; pind,
numerous on each side, 1 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., sessile, lanceolate, sharply toothed ;
texture herbaceous; rachis and surfaces naked ; areole hexagonal, without free
veinlets ; ae pinnl, stalked, 3-4 in. 1, 4 in. br.—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 269. Loma-
gramme, Brack, \

Hab. New Hebrides and Fiji.—In general habit and in its articulated pinna this quite
agrees with A. Wilkesianum. <A. pteroides, R. Br., from Tropical Australia, has an ebe-
neous naked stem 1 ft. 1., and distant Lomarioid fertile pinnae, the lower ones again
sparingly pinnate, but the barren frond is not known. -

*ekee Hymenolepis, Kaulf, Fronds simple, uniform, bearing. the fruit on the
contracted apex. Sp. 129-1380.

129, A. (Hymen.) spicatum, L.; rhizome woody, short-creeping; st. 1-2 in. L,
short, firm; fr. 6-18 in. ]., 4-1 in. br., the upper part for 4-6 in. contracted and
fertile, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually 3 texture sab-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked; areole uniform, hexagcnal, with copious free
veinlets ; caps. mixed with peltate scales.—H&. Sp. 5. 2.280. Fil. Ex. t. 78.—
B, a brachystachys, J. Sm.; fr. broader, the fertile spike thick, 1-14 in. L—

Lt. 3.

Hab. Himalayas (to 6,000 ft.) to Madagascar, Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, South China,
Philippines, Queensland, Society Isles.—H. validinervis, Kze., is a strong broad form,
The Mascaren plant has distinct primary veins, and is the original Linnean spicatum.
The Polynesian is H. ophioglossoides, Kaulf. See Carruth, Fl. Vit. p. 375.

130. A. (Hymen.) platyrhynchos, Hk.; st. tufted, scarcely any; fr. 12-16
in. ]., 1 in. br., the sori in a patch at the apex 1-2 in. 1, $in. br., which does
not reach to the edge, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed gradually ; texture
very coriaceous; surfaces naked ; areolew copious, fine, hidden, uniform, with
copious free veinlets— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 280. Jc. t.999. Macroplethus, Pres?.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 196.

#ee4** Photinopteris, J. Sm. Irond pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the fruit on
the Lomarioid upper pinne. Habit and venation of Drynaria, Sp. 181-182.

181. A. (Photi.) rigidum, Wall.; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. short,
firm, erect ; fr. several feet long, often 1 ft. br., the lower pinne several on each
side, barren, stalked, jointed at the base, ovate-acuminate, entire, 3-6 in. 1, 14-3
in, br.; above this several pair of distant fertile pinne 4-6 in. L., % in. br. 5
teature very coriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; main raised veins connected
by raised transverse veinlets with copious simall areole between them with
free veinlets.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 281.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Peninsula and Isles.—P. simplex, J. Sm., has the fertile
pinnz reduced to one, .

61. PLATYCERIUM. 425

32. A. (Photi.) drynaricides, Hk. ; fr. subsessile, several ft. 1., 1 ft. or more
br., the upper part with numerous distant Lomarioid pinne, sometimes 1 ft.1.,
1 lin. br., below this pinpatifid, with numerous close entire lanceolate-acuminate
lobes 4-6 in. L, 13-1? in. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, the lower
ones passing down gradually into a mere undulated wing to the rachis, which is
continued to its very base ; texture very coriaceous ; main teins raised, with
transverse veinlets, and between them copious small areole with free veinlets.—
Hk, Sp. 5. p. 282.

Hab. Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier ; Solomon Isles, Milne.—The leafy pinnz, though
adnate to the rachis, bréak away from it very readily.

Gey. 61. Puatycegity, Dest,

Sort forming large patches on the upper part of che lower surface of the
fertile fronds. small widely-diffused genus, well marked by its dichotomously
forked fertile fronds with stags’-horn-like divisions. Ta. IX. f. 61.

1, P. alcicorne, Desv.; barren fr. rounded, convex, downy when young, the
edge sinuated, the lobes spreading ; fertile fr. 2-3 ft. 1, clustered, erect, 2-3
times dichotomous ; w&. divisions ligulate, blantish, the fruit in the last forks
and at their base in very irregular patches; under surface covered with thin
white cottony down.—ZE. Sp. 5. p. 282.

Hab. Temperate Australia, and a larger form in the Mascaren Isles and Seychelles ;
and a similar plant has been gathered by Dr. Spruce in Peru. :

2. P. ethiopicum, Hk.; barren fr. rounded, convex, downy when young, the
edge more or less lobed, the lobes spreading; fertile fr. 2-3 ft. L, clustered,
pendent, twice dichotomous, the disk and first division broader than in the
preceding, the patch of fruit surrounding the sinus and passing into the fork so
as to be shaped like the letter V; under surface covered with thin white cottony
down.— HE. Sp. 5. p. 283. G. F.t.9. A. Stemmaria, Beaur., oldest name.

Hab. Guinea Coast and Angola—Dr. Welwitsch has fornished us with a plant
(P. angolense, Welw. 13S.) which is most like this, but has a broad-cuneate fertile frond
9 in. br. at the top, without either forks or horns, and with a patch of fruit nearly as
broad as the lamina,

8. P. grande, J. Sm.; barren fr. very large, suborbicular, convex, or the
upper ones erect, deeply laciniated with spreading or inflexed divisions ; fertile
Jr. 4-6 ft. 1., pendent, in pairs, the disk broad-cuneate, with the sorus against the
upper edge, occupying the disk only, with an elongated dichotomously forked
division beyond it at each corner ; both surfaces green and smooth.—Hé&. Sp. 5.
p.284. Fil. Ez. t. 86.

Hab. North Australia, Philippines, and Singapore.—There is only one soriferous patch
to each frond, and it is sometimes nearly a foot broad.

4. P. Wallichti, Hk.; barren fr. deeply lobed, with inflexed forked divisions ;
fertile fr. in pairs, pendent, each in two divisions, in each of which the cuneate
disk has a rounded upper edge occupied by a sorus, from each side of which a
once-forked division is produced ; texture thick, the under surface matied with
yellowish woolly pubescence.—HE. Sp. 5. p. 284. Fil. Ex. t. 97.

Hab. Malay Peninsula—Here the tw soriferous patches are only 3-4 in. br., and
occupy 4 semicircular projection with the forks springing almost from its base.
5. P. biforme, Blume ; barren fr. imbricated, very thick, especially towards
the base, the edge sinuato-lobate ; fertile fr. 6-15 ft. 1., repeatedly dichotomous
3H

426 62. osmuNDA.

from a subcuneate disk, the barren divisions narrow-ligulate, the fertile ones
quite different in shape, reniform, stalked, 6-8 in. br., the outer edge rounded,
entire.— Hh. Sp. 5. p. 285.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Peninsula and Isles.—The only species with a distinct
uniformly fertile segment, which in a specimen from Mr. Prout is nearly a foot broad.

Sus-Orp. III. OOMUNDACEA.,

Caps. two-valved, opening across the apex, furnished with a short horizontal
ring. Vernation circinate. Gun. 62-63.

Gen. 62, Osmunpa, Z,

Sori quite distinct from the leafy part of the frond, forming a panicle'made up
of copious thyrsoid clusters. A genus of striking ferns, very clearly marked by
habit, containing few species, hardly at_all tropical, and only one known in South
temperate regions. Tas. VIII. fig. 62. :

1. O. javanica, Blume ; sé. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect naked; 7”. 1-8 ft. 1.,
8-12 in br., simply pinnate, the lower or central pinne fertile ; barren pinne
4-8 in. 1., §-Zin. br., cuneate at the base, and often slightly stalked, the edge
entire or sharply toothed; feature coriaceous; rachis and both sides naked ;
fertile pinne shorter, made up of numerous close but distinct oblong sessile
clusters.— Kunze, t. 3, O. Vachellii, #4. Ic. ¢.15. O. Presliana, J. Sm.

Hab. Kamschatka to Java and Ceylon.

2. O. Claytoniana, L.; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., clothed with loose woolly
ferruginous tomentum when young, naked when mature; jr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12
in. br., the upper, central, or lower pinnee fertile ; barren pinne lanceolate, 4-6
in. ]., 1 in. or more br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close oblong entire
lobes; texture herbaceous; fertile pinne similar but shorter; pinni. dense,
cylindrical.—O. interrupta, Michx, O. pilosa and monticola, Wall.

Hab. Canada, Newfoundland, and throughout the United States, Himalayas up to
10,000 ft.—The station of Rio Janeiro, which rests on Wallich’s authority, is perhaps
given by some confusion with“0. ci omea. O. gl s, Link, is the form with a
terminal panicle,

83. O° cinnamomea, L. ; st. densely tufted, the barren and fertile ones distinct,
the young plants densely clothed with ferruginous tomentum ; darren fr.
simply pinnate, naked when mature, the st. 12-18 in. L, the jr. 2-8 ft. 1., 6-9 in.
br. ; pinnae close, ligulate-lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into close entire blunt oblong lobes ; tezture subcoriaceous ; fertile fr. much
smaller, the pinn@ lanceolate, with close dense cylindrical pinnl.

Hab. Canada and Newfoundland to Mexico, West Indies, Guatemala, New Granada,
and Organ Mountains (0. imbricata, Kunze, Fil. 2. t.112), Japan, Mantchuria, Amur-
Jand.—There is a form (var. frondosa, A. Gray) with some of. the fronds sterile below
and sparingly fertile above.

4. O. bipinnata, Hk. (not Linn.) ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more ]., rather slender,
glossy, stramineous; /r. 14-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br., bipinnate, the upper pinne
barren, the uppermost linear-oblong, simple, below these several pinnate, 3-4
in. 1, 1 in. br., with a winged rachis and numerous entire oblong imbricated
pinnl. on each side, and lowest of all, 3-4 opposite pairs of fertile pinne with
several cylindrical pinnl. on each side, }-¢ in. 1., 14-2 lin. apart ; tevtwre sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked.— 4%. Ez, t. 9.

Hab. Hong-Kong, Dr. Harland,

63. TODEA, § EUTODEA, §§ LEPTOPTERIS, 427

5. 0. lancea, Thunb. ; barren and fertile fr. distinct, the former about 1 ft. 1.,

oblong, shortly acuminate ; pinne oblong-acuminate, about 6 in. 1., stalked, the

lowest rather reduced ; pinnl. narrowly lanceolate, 1} in. 1., } in. br, narrowed

at both ends, sessile, distinct, slightly toothed upwards ; teature subcoriaceous ;
surfaces naked ; fertile fr. ternato-decompound.—_Milde, Fil. Eur. p. 311.

Hab, Japan.

6. O. regalis, L. $ st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1, firm, erect, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1, 1 ft.
or more br., bipinnate, the apex fertile; barren pinne 6-12 in. 1, 2-4 in. br.;
pinnl. sessile or slightly stalked, 1-2 in. L, $-2 in. br., oblong, blunt, often
unequal at the base, the edge finely serrulate ; teatwre subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked; fertile pinnl. cylindrical, forming a copious panicle—ék.
B. F.t. 45. 0. palustris, Sturm, t. 12.

Hab. Sweden to Siberia, Japan, Azores, Barbary, Himalayas, Bombay, Neilgherries,
Cochin, and Hong-Kong ; Mascaren, Isles, Zambesi-land, Angola, Natal, Cape Colony ;
Canada and the Saskatchewan to Rio Janeiro.—Of Presl’s species we place here without

- hesitation spectabilis, Willd., capensis and Hugeliana, Presl, Hilsenbergii, H. & G.,
gracilis, Link, obtusifolia, Willd., and Leschnaultiana, Wall. O. japonica, Thunb. (0. spe-
ciosa, Wall.), is a curious variety from Japan and the Himalayas, with the fertile and
barren fronds often quite distinct, the former being developed the earliest and soon dis-
appearing ; and it also occasionally happens that some of the lateral pinoz become
ay whilst the terminal ones remain barren. Mr. McKen sends a similar form from

atal,

Gen. 63. Topza, Willd. See page 524.

Sort on the back of the leafy part of the frond. A smail genus, almost confined
to the South Temperate Zone, with the capsules of Osmunda, but the ordinary habit
of Polypodiacee. Tax. VIII. fig. 63.

§ Eutodea. Texture of the frond coriaceous. Sp.1. Fig. 68. a. b.

1, T. barbara, Moore ; caud. subarborescent ; sf. 1 ft. or more l., stout, erect,
quadrangular, quite naked; fr. 3-4 ft. 1, often 1 ft. br.; pinn@ close, erecto-
patent, 6-9 in. 1, 14-2 in. br.; pénni. close, linear, erecto-patent, 1-1} in. 1,
4-3 in. br., the edge more or less distinctly toothed, the upper ones connected at
the base ; feature coriaceous; both sides naked ; sori dense, when mature filling
up the whole under surface of the pinnules on which they are placed.—Acrosti-
chum, Z. 1. africana, Willd. Hh. fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 168. T. rivularis, Sieb.

Hab. New Zealand, Temperate Australia, as far north as Queensland, Van Diemen’s
Land, Natal, Cape Colony, :

§§ Leptopteris, Presi. Texture of the frond like that of Hymenophyllum.
Fig. 63.¢.d. Sp. 2-4.

2. T. (Lept.) Fraseri, H. & G.; caud. erect, woody, 13-2 ft. high, 13-2 in.
thick ; st. 6-9 in. L, firm, erect, naked; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., bipinnate ;
pinne close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. L, 2-3 in. br., with a narrowly-winged rachis, the
“lowest about equal to the others; pinnl. linear-oblong, 4 in. 1, 13-2 lin. br.,
sharply toothed ; rachises naked.—H. & G, t. 101.—, 7. Wilkesiana, Brack. ;
jr. larger ; lower pinne rather shorter than the others and deflexed ; rachises .
slightly pilose.—Brack. t. 43.

. Hab. Blue Mountains, Australia, rare; New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2152; 8, Fiji and
New Hebrides,

3. T. (Lept.) hymenophylloides, Rich. & Less. ; sé. tufted, 6-12 in. 1. firm,
erect, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., tripinnatifid.; pénne close, lanceolate,
4-G in. 1., 3-1} in. br., the rachis winged only towards the apex, the lowest about
equal to the others ; pinnl, close, linear-oblong, 4-2 in. 1., 3 in. br., cut down

428 64. ScHIzHA, § EUSCHIZMA,

nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent, simple or forked linear segm. ; rachises
naked or slightly tomentose.—H&. G. F. t. 54. T. pellucida, Hé. Jc. t. 8.

Hab. New Zealand.—There is a form which quite agrees with this in the size and
cutting of the pinnz, but which has the lower ones reduced very gradually, thus receding
from the type in the direction of the next species,

4, T. (Lept.) superba, Col.; caud. erect, woody, 12-18 in. high; s¢. 2-3 in. 1,
firm, erect, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. ]., 6-10 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pinn@ close, narrow-
lanceolate, the central ones 4-5 in. L, $ in, br., the lower ones gradually reduced ;
pinnl. close, linear-oblong, 4-3 in. 1., 14-2 lin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
ay i aes simple or forked linear segm.; rachises densely tomentose.—

. Ic. t. 910.

Hab, New Zealand.—Pinna and pinnules more numerous and denser than in the last,
often crisped.

Sus-Orp. IV. SCHIZHACER,

Caps. two-valved, opening down the side, crowned by a complete operculiform
ring. Vernation circinate. GEN. 64-68.

Gen. 64. Scuizma, Smith.

Caps. sessile, in 2-4 rows, which cover one side of close distichous spikes,
which form separate fertile segments at the apex of the fronds. 4 small widely-
diffused genus very distinct in habit. Tas. VIII. fig. 64. ‘

-§ Euschizea. Fertile segment pinnate ; frond terete or subterete. Caps. biserial.
Sp. 1-9.
* Fronds not forked. Sp. 1-7.

1. 8. australis, Gaud.; st. dense, very short, dark chesnut-brown, passing
gradually into the wiry subterete /r., which is 1-2 in. 1, about 4 lin. thick,
simply channelled in front ; fertile segm. suberect, } in, ]., unilateral, with about
6 short stout nearly spreading spikes on each side, the lowest } in. 1.—S. pal-
mata, Homb. & Jacq. t. 48.

Hab. Falkland and Auckland Isles,

2. S. pusilla, Pursh ; sf. dense, the barren fr. much shorter than the fertile
ones, much twisted and slightly flattened ; fertile. fr. 3-4 in. ]., terete, wiry,
very slender; fertile segm. suberect, 3 in. 1, unilateral, with about 6 rather
stout erecto-patent spikes on each side, the lowest 4 in. L—Hzk. ¢ Gr.t.48, A.
Gray Man, t. 18.

Hab. Pine barrens of New Jersey, U.S, A.

3. S. malaccana, Baker ; st. dense, not distinguishable from the fr., which is
4-8 in. l., weak, flexuose, subterete, simply channelled in front, not more than
2 lin. thick, the barren and fertile ones similar ; fertile segm. erect, often bilateral,
2 in. deep, with 8-6 slender spreading spikes on each side, the lowest 2-23 lin. 1,
—S. propinqua, Presi (in part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming 379; Malay Peninsula and Isles, gathered by Griffith,
Lobb, &c.

4. 8, tenella, Kaulf.; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the 7,
which is 6-8 in. 1., not very rigid, subcompressed, with a broad distinct midrib
and two equal wings, the whole about } lin. br.; fertile segm. suberect, 3-3 in. 1,
unilateral, with 4-8 rather stout erecto-patent spikes on each side, the lowest
14-2 lin. L—Kaulf. Enum. t.1.f. 7. Kunze, t. 1. 97. f. 2.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.

64, scniz#a, §§ LOPUIDIUM. 429

5. S. fistulosa, Labill.; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the
fr., which is 4-12 in. 1, rigid, rush-like, subterete, simply channelled in front ;
‘fertile segm. suberect, unilateral, 3-1 in. 1., with 10-20 close slender erecto-
patent spikes on each side, the lowest } in. 1—Zabd. Fl, Nov. Holl. t. 250. f. 3.
S. valdiviana, Phil. S. propinqua, A. Cunn. (in part).

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Chili, and sent lately by
Lady Barkly from Madagascar.—S. propingua is in part this, and in part unbranched
S. bifida,

6. S. robusta, Baker ; st. not very dense, dark-chesnut, passing gradually into
the fr., which is 6-10 in. 1., rigid and rush-like in texture, with a broad central
midrib and two narrow thick revolute edges, the whole under 4 lin. thick ;
Sertile segm. suberect, unilateral, }-2 in. |., with 4-6 stout erecto-patent spikes on
each side, the lowest + in. 1S. australis, Brack. p. 302?

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Hzllebrand.—This may be a tropical form of S. australis, as
ee seems to consider it. If his plant be the same, it grows also in the Society
sles.

7. S. pectinata, Sm.; st. very dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into
the /r., which is 4-8 in. 1, rigid and rush-like in texture, with a broad central
midrib and two narrow thick revolute edges, the whole under 3} lin. thick ;
Tertile segm. nearly horizontal, 4-# in. 1., 3-2 in. deep, with 10-15 slender vertical
spikes on each side.—Schh, ¢. 136.

Hab. Cape Colony.
** Fronds forked. Sp. 8. 9

8. S. incurvata, Schk.; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the
fr., which is 6-18 in. 1., forked below the middle and sometimes forked again,
very wiry and rush-like in texture, smooth, subterete, simply channelled in
front, the whole 4 lin. thick ; fertile segm. erect, 3-1 in. deep, with 10-20 slender
spreading spikes en each side, the lowest 2-23 lin. lL—ASché&. t. 187. 5S. bifida,
Meyer (non Sw.). ;

Hab. Guiana and North Brazil.—Very near the next, but more slender, with a panicle
like that of S. fistulosa.

9. S. bifida, Sw.; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the /r.,
which is 6-18 in. 1., forked generally below the middle, sometimes forked again,
casually simple, very wiry and rush-like in texture, with a prominent scabrous
midrib and two narrow thick wings, the whole 4 lin. thick ; fertile segm. sub-
erect or recurved, unilateral, }-2 in.1., with 10-20 slender erecto-patent spikes
on each side, the lowest 3-3 in. 1.

Hab. New Zealand and Temperate and North Australia,

§§ Lophidium, Rich. Fertile segment pinnate ; frond flattened ; caps. biserial,
Sp. 10-14. ;

10. S. (Loph.) rupestris, R. Br.; st. lax, about 1 in. 1, subterete, passing
gradually into the /r., which is grass-like and flattened, almost fleshy in texture,
3-4 in. L, 1 lin. br., with a slender midrib; fertile segm. solitary, suberect,
24 in. 1., with 6-10 slender spreading serrated spikes on each side.— Hh. & Gr.
%47. G. Fit. 42.

*% Hab. Temperate Australia,

11. S. (Loph.) fluminensis, Miers; st. passing gradually into the fr., which is
4-12 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, once forked at the top, and each fork bearing
usually two stalked fertile segm., which are +3 in. 1., the rachis slightly curved,
with 6-10 close-spreading slender spikes on each side, the point either not at all

430 64, scHiz@a, §§§ ACTINOSTACHYS.

flattened or slightly so either before or after the first fork.—Sturm in Mart. Fi.
Bras. fase. 23. p. 184. t. 18.

Hab. Guiana and Brazil__Perhaps this should be considered a reduced variety of
elegans,

12. S. (Loph.) Sprucei, Hk. MSS. ; caud. woody, suberect ; st. 9-12 in 1, firm,
dense, erect, clothed, especially below, with squarrose fibrillose brownish scales ;
jr. 6-8 in. L., very thick in texture, naked, channelled, 2 in. br. at the widest
part, narrowed gradually downwards, bearing at-the apex 1-6 long-stalked
fertile segm., which are 14-2 in. 1., the rachis spirally recurved, the spikes very

numerous, $-3 in. 1., tomentose beneath.— H&. Jc. t. 1016.

Hab. Banks of the Rio Negro, Spruce 37 52.—A very distinct new species.

18. S. (Loph.) dichotoma, Sw. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy, channelled
on the face above; fr. fanlike in general outline, 6-9 in. each way, many times
dichotomously forked, the ultimate divisions $-1 lin. br., with 1 fertile segm. to
each, 2-3 in. 1., the rachis often curved, with 4-10 close, spreading spikes on each
side.—Hk. & Gr. t. 17. Beddome, t. 65. 8. Forsteri, Spr. 8. cristata, Willd.
S. Poppigiana, Sturm.

Hab. Cuba, Venezuela, Peru, Polynesia, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Ma-
laccas,.Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles.—The Polynesian 8, cristata, Willd., is a large form
with broader divisions than usual. The American plant is S. occidentalis, Griseb., and
is said to have the fertile segment twice as long as in the type; but we do not find the
character to always hold good.

14. S. (Loph.) elegans, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in. l., firm, erect, naked; /. like the
letter V in outline, 4-8 in. each way, dichotomously forked or cleft, the divisions
varying greatly in number and breadth (4-2 in.), surface glossy; fertile segm.
copious, distinctly stalked, 3-#in.1., the rachis often recurved with 6-15 close
spreading linear-cylindrical spikes on each side.—Hz&. G. F. ¢. 54.—8, S. flabellum,
Mart. ; 77. almost or quite undivided.—Mart. ¢. 55. LL, latifolium, Rich, S.
spectabilis, Mart, Sturm. Fl. Bras. fase. 23, t. 14. .

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil.—S. attenuata, Beyr., appears to be a form
with unusually narrow divisions. SS. pacificans, Mart. Icon. Crypt. t. 56, has two entire
divisions, each 6 in. br.

§§§ Actinostachys, Wall. Fertile segment digitate rather than pinnate ; caps.
quadriserial. Sp. 15-16. é '

15. S. (Actin.) pennula, Sw. ; st. dense, 1-2 in. 1, subterete, brownish, passing
gradually into the f7., which is 1 ft. or more L, nearly 1 lin. thick, triquetrous,
with 3 sharp angles, crowned at the apex with 6-12 subtriquetrous fertile
spikes, which are 4-1} in. 1., pilose beneath, with the caps. usually in 4 rows.—
S. trilateralis, Sch. Ht. & Gr. t. 54. 8. penicillata, H.B. K. S. levigata,
Mett.—B, S. subirijuga, Mart.; fr. 6-9 in. 1., much more slender, the spikes
often reduced to 8 or 4.— Kunze, t. 97.1. A. Germani, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 29.

Hab. West Indies to Rio, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines, Seychelles.—We csnnot
distinguish the Polynesian S. levigata from the American plant, The New Caledonian
S. intermedia, Mett., is intermediate between our two varieties. Dry 3 if

16. S. (Actin.) digitata, Sw. ; st. dense, 1-2 in. 1., brownish, subterete, passing
gradually into the fr., which is 1 ft. or more lL, 1-2 lin. br., flattened, the
midrib beneath prominent, crowned at the apex with 6-15 subtriquetrous
fertile spikes, which are 15 in. 1., naked beneath, with the caps. in 4 rows and
the edge much inflexed.— HA, G. F. t. 54.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Bonin, Philippines, Malay Isles and Fiji.

65. ANEMIA, § EUANEMIA.

Gen. 65. Anemra, Sw. See page 525.

Caps. small, very abundant, forming a copiously-branched panicle quite
distinct from the leafy part of the frond. A well-marked genus, almost confined
to Tropical America, Tas. VIIL. fig. 65.

§ Euanemia. Panicle and leafy portion united in the same frond ; veins free.
Sp. 1-18. Fig. 65a.

* Pinne of barren segment entire or nearly so. Sp. 1-12.
+ Barren segment lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong. Sp. 1-8.
A. Pinne 6-8 or less on each side. Sp. 1-3.

1. A. Gardneri, Hk.; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; barren segm. short-
stalked, 4 in. 1., 24 in. br., with 4 imbricated nearly round pimn@ on each side,
the lowest 1 in br., short-stalked, the edge crenulate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked; veins quite flabellate ; panicle 2 in. 1., with elongated
spreading lower branches, the peduncle about equalling it.—&. Ic. ¢. 190 (not
A. Gardneriana, Pres?). A. Glaziovii, Fée.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 4, Glaziou, 3175.

2. A. filiformis, Presl ; st. 1-8 in. 1., slender, slightly villose ; barren segm. ses-
sile, 3-4 in. 1, 1-14 in. br.,. with 6-8 sessile linear-obovate pimne on each side,
which are 2-3 lin. br., with nearly their own breadth between them, the edge
rather deeply toothed; texture almost herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely
villose ; vezns flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., the branches short, with a peduncle
3 or 4 times its own length.—A. dentata, Gardner.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil.—This may be a variety of the next, with
which it coincides in its short stem and very long peduncle ; but the texture is much less
coriaceous, and the pinne are narrower and distinctly toothed. Mettenius refers the

synonym of A, jiliformis, Swartz, to our A. Breuteliana.

3. A. oblongifolia, Sw.; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly villose ; barren segm.
sessile, 2-4 in. 1., 14 in. br., simply pinnate, with 6-8 pairs of sessile pinnw, which
are oblong, blunt, subentire, the base on the upper side parallel with the stem, on
the lower obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous; rachis and surfaces finely vil-
lose ; veins flabellate ; panicle 1-2 in. 1., the lower branches short, the peduncle
5-6 in. 1.—Schk. t. 142.—B, A. humilis, Sw.; smaller, pinne close, 8-4 only on
each side. A. Seemanni, Hk. Lond. Journ. 7. t. 16.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil and Peru,—A. pilosa, Pres] (A. pumila, Klotzsch), appears to
be a form intermediate between our two varieties. Characterized by its close coriaceous

pinne and barren segment nearly equal in width throughout.
B. Pinne more than 6-8 on each side. Sp. 4-8.

4. A. Dregeana, Kze. ; st. 8-12 in. 1., firm, slightly villose ; barren segm. sub-
sessile, 8-12 in. ]., 2-3 in. br., about equal in width in the lower half, with 8-12
pinne on each side, which are 1-1} in. 1., 4-3 in. br., ovate-deltoid, unequal at
the base, the upper side subcordate, the edge inciso-crenate ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces finely villose, a distinct midrib often halfway to the apex;
panicle 3-4 in. |., the lower branches elongated, on a peduncle about as long as
itself.—Kze. t. 20. Hz. Ic. t. 236.

Hab. Natal.

432 65, ANEMIA, § EUANEMIA.

5. A. rotundifolia, Schrad.; st. 6-9 in. 1, deciduously villose; barren segm.
8-12 in. 1, often prolonged and rooting at the extremity, 1-2 in. br. below, with
8-12 pairs of distant pinne, which are 1 in. 1., §-2 in. br., very blunt, the lower
side obliquely truncate at the base, the outer edge finely toothed ; feature sub;
coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely villose; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1.,
the peduncle slender, 3-4 in. 1.—A. radicans, 8 Raddi, Fil. Bras.t. 11.

Hab. South Brazil,

6. A. caudata, Kaulf. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slightly villose ;. barren segm. 8-12 in. 1.,
often prolonged and rooting at the apex, 2 in. br. at the base, narrowed very gra-
dually upwards, with 20 or more pairs of close sessile subdimidiate pinnae, which
are 3-1 in.1., din.br., the point blunt, the edge finely toothed ; teaturesubcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces finely pilose ; veins flabellate; panicle 2-3 in. 1, lax, on a
peduncle 3-5 in. 1.—A. radicans, Raddi, Fil. Bras. t, 10.

Hab. Brazil.

7. A. mandioccana, Raddi; st. 6-12 in. 1. deciduously villose ; barren segm.
1 ft. or more 1., 2-33 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the lower half about equal in
width ; pinne in 20 or more close pairs, the point narrowed, but scarcely acute,
the edge finely serrulate, the base on the upper side parallel with the stem, on the
lower obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and surfaces finely pilose ;
veins flabellate ; panicle very compound, 3-4 in. 1., with a peduncle longer than
itself— Rada, t.9. Hk. G. F. t. 86 (non Gen, Fil. t. 90).

Hab. Brazil.—Very doubtfully distinct from the preceding.

’

8. A. collina, Raddi ; st. 8-12 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with fine ferru-
ginous spreading hairs; barren segm. sessile, 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with about
12 sessile pinne on each side, which are 1-13 in. 1. $-3 in. br., unequal-sided,
obliquely truncate below, blunt, subentire ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis clothed

with hairs like the stem ; venation flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., close, the peduncle.

4-6 in. |—Raddi, Fil. Bras.t.12. Hk, Fil. Zx.t.1. A.vellea, Schrad. A. hirta,
J. Sm. (non Sw.).

Hab. Brazil.—This comes near to the two preceding, but the stem is densely ferru-
gineo-tomentose, and the pinne are distant and less numerous.

tt Barren segment subdeltoid. Sp. 9-12.

9. A. glareosa, Gardner ; st. 4-5 in. 1, firm, erect, with adpressed ferruginous
hairs ; barren segm. sessile, under 2 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., ovate-deltoid, with a ter-
minal lobe and 3-4 oblong blunt pinne@ ¢ in. br. on each side, only the lowest pair,
which are sometimes lobed on the lower side at the base, reaching down to the
rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely villose ; veins flabellate ;
panicle 3-4 in. 1., with dense short erecto-patent branches, the peduncle under
lin. L—Gard. Sert. Pl. t.70. A. Gardneriana, Presi.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 4086, Burchell 6594-2.—Most like oblongifolia in texture,
but the peduncle much shorter, and remarkable for the barren segment being truly
pinnate only at the base.

10. A. Breuteliana, Presl; st. 6-12 in.1., slightly villose ; barren segm. sessile,
4-9 in. 1., 13-4 in. br., subdeltoid, with 6-9 pairs of sessile pina, which are oblong,
obtuse, rather unequal-sided, entire or pinnatifid in the lower part, and grow
smaller gradually upwards ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachés and both sédes nearly
naked ; panicle 2-4 in. 1., lax, the peduncles 3-6 in. 1.—A. mandioccana, Hi.
Gen. Fil. t. 90. and Griseb. (non Raddt).

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru.—A well-marked and widely-distri-

1

65. ANEMIA, § EUANEMIA. 433

buted plant with » confused synonymy. Probably it is A. hirta, Sw.; but Plumier’s
figure (t, 157) is much stronger and more hairy than auy of our specimens. Mettenius
refers here A. filiformis, Swz., but we have thought it best to drop both names, A. incisa,
Schrad., and A. pallida, Gardn., are apparently a subpionatifid variety, and A. hispida,
Kze., and Pohkliana, Sturm, either belong here or are closely allied. \

ll. A. Langsdorfiana, Presl; st. 8-12 in. ]., rather densely villose ; barren
segm. sessile, subdeltoid, about 6 in. 1. by nearly as br., with 6 pairs of sessile
pinne, with nearly their own breadth between them, the lowest the largest, 25
in. 1, 3-Z in. br., the two sides nearly equal at the base, the apex acuminate,
the edge serrulate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises finely pilose ; a midrib nearly
to the point ; panicle 2-3 in. 1, with a peduncle about equalling it in len3th.—
Lang. & Fisch. t. 28.

Hab. South Brazil, as figured by Langsdorf.—We have a specimen gathered in Bahia
by Salzmann, and a similar one, but with the lower pinne deeply lobed, gathered by
Fendler (No. 12) in Venezuela. Probably it is a free-veined form of A. Phyllitidis, which
it resembles closely in habit. :

12. A. mexicana, Klotzsch ; st. 6-12,in. 1., firm, naked ; barren segm. on a stalk
1 in. or more 1., 6-9 in. 1. 4-6 in. br., with 4-6 pinne@ on each side, the lowest the
largest, distinctly stalked, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., rounded on both
sides at the base, the edge very slightly crenate ; teatwre coriaceous; rachis and
surfaces quite naked ; a distinct midrzb from the base to the apex ; panicle 3-4
in. 1., with dense short erecto-patent branches ; peduncle 1-4in. .—Hz&. Ic. t. 988
Kunze, t. 181.

Hab. New Mexico and Texas to Guatemala—A. speciosa, Pres] (Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 65),
is a reduced form, with only a single pair of pinne. This is well marked by its naked
coriaceous pinne, with a very distinct midrib.

** Pinne of barren segment pinnatifid or bipinnatifid. Sp. 13-18.

18. A. hirsuta, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., slender, naked ; barren segm. 2-6 in. 1., 1-3
in. br., sessile, oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinne in 6-8 opposite pairs, 1-14
in. 1., }-2 in. br., varying from oblong, obtuse, subentire, truncate at the base on
the lower side, to deeply pinnatifid with narrow divisions ; teatwre subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces slightly pilose ; panicle 1-2 in.1., close, the peduncle 2-6 in. 1.,
slender.— Plum. t. 162. A.repens, Raddi,t.9.b. A. ciliata, Presl.—p, A. tenella,
Sw. ; pinne cut down to the rachis into linear divigions, with a considerable space
between them, the lower ones forked or trifid. A. dissecta, Presi.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and South Brazil.—A. coriacea, Griseb. (Cuba, Wright,
1798), is said to be like this, but naked and shining, the barren segments only 14 in. L,
lin. br., with only the lower pinnz pinnatipartite at the base. A. gracilis, Schrad,
(A, humilis, Hk. Ex. Fl, t, 28, non Sw.), appears to be a reduced form with subentire
plone. i

tomentosa, Sw.; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, clothed with deciduous fer-
ruginous hairs} barren segm, 6-12 in. 1, half as br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid or
bipinnate ; lowest pinne the largest, the blunt lobes often 3-2 in.1., } in. br.,
nearly uncut; tewture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces densely pilose ; veins
fine, flabellate ; panicle 4-9 in. 1., lax, the peduncle 1-2 in. 1—A. flexuosa, Sw.
Raddi, t.13. Hk. Fil. Ex, t. 30. A. villosa, HB. K. A. deltoidea, Sw.—
B, A. fulva, Sw.; smaller, more coriaceous ; barren segui. tri- or even quadri-
pinnatifid, the ult. divisions much smaller and sharper—Ak. F. Exot. t. 26.
A. anthriscifolia, Schrad.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Monte Video.—The two varieties look very
different in the extreme forms, but appear to slide into one another gradually. The
adt

434 65. ANEMIA, §§ ANEMIDICTYON.

original A. tomentosa and deltoidea are the less-developed forms of the less-divided
variety, with which agree the Neilgherry A. Wightiana, Gardn. (Beddome, t. 66), and
Abyssinian A. Schimperiana, Presl. The former has an unusually strong stem, both
that and the rachises densely ferrugineo-tumentose ; whilst a plant gathered by Dr. Wel-
witsch in Angola is like 8, but nearly naked, with the divisions blunter than in the
extreme form. Besides the synonyms already quoted, we appear to include the following,
which are given as distinct by Sturm ; viz, rubrostipes, Robly-famugined,—..B. K., Rad-
diana, Link, oblonga and imbricata. It has been gathered lately in Natal.

15. A. trichorhiza, Gardn. ; caud. with a dense tuft of bright red-brown fibril-
lose scales 3 in. 1. at the crown; st, 1-2 in. }., densely clothed with white woolly.
tomentum ; barren segm. ovate-deltoid, 2-8 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., bipinnate ; pinne
close, spreading, lanceolate, with several close roundish or oblong pinnl.; texture
coriaceous ; both sides when young completely enveloped in dense woolly tomen-
tum ; panicle subsessile from the base of the barren segm.—Hé. Ic. t. 876.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 4080, Burchell 7043, 1881.—A very distinct species.

16. A. rutafolia, Mart. ; st. 6-9 in. 1, firm, naked; barren segm. short-stalked,
2-3 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., oblong, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinne subdistant, lanceolate,
cut down nearly to the rachis into narrow toothed or slightly pinnatifid divisions ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces slightly hairy ; panicle subsessile, close, 1-12 in. 1.
—Mart. t. 65. A. glareosa, Gard. MSS.

Hab. South Brazil, Martius, Gardner 5339.—This may be a variety of the next, from
which it seems to differ principally by its subsessile panicle.

17. A. adiantifolia, Sw.; rhizome creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, naked ; barren
segm. short-stalked, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid, bitripinnate ; pinne close,
lanceolate, the lowest the largest ; w/é. divisions oblong or linear-cuneate, the outer
edge toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachises slightly pilose ; veins fine, channelled,
flabellate ; panicle 3-4 in. 1., the peduncle 1-8 in. 1.— Plum, t. 158,

Hab. Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, and Mexico to Bahia.—A. asplenifolia, Sw. (Hk. & Gr.
t. 16), is a reduced bipinnate form. This forms the genus Anemirhiza of J. Smith, cha-
racterized by an elongated rhizome, from which the stems arise inasingle row. A. carui-
folia, Presl, is a finely-cut variety.

18. A. cuneata, Kze.; rhizome creeping ; st. 8-4 in. 1., slender, naked ; barren
segm. long-stalked, 3-4 in. 1., tripinnatifid, with distant pinne and pinnls., the
ult. divisions linear-cuneate, 3 lin. br., cleft at the apex ; texture subcoriaceous 3
rachis and surfaces naked ; particle slender, lax, the lower branches elongated, the
peduncles slender, 13 in. 1.—Kze. Anal. Pier. 8. t. 5.

Hab. Cuba, Peppig.—Perhaps a small finely-cut form of the preceding.

§§ Anemidictyon, J. Sm. Panicle and leafy portion united in the same frond ;
veins anastomosing, Sp.19-21. Fig. 65.e —

19. A. (Anemid.) Tweediana, Hk.; st. 3-4 in. L, naked or slightly pilose ;
barren segm. 14-2 in. 1, 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, simply pinnate; pinn@ in 2-3
sessile pairs, oblong, 2 in. 1., 2 in. br., the point blunt, the edge crenulate, the
base rounded ; tewture subcoriaceous ; main vein not distinct to the apex ; panicle
1-2 in, 1., dense, the lower branches short, the peduncle 1-2 in. 1—Z&. Jc. t. 906.

+ Hab. Uruguay and South Brazil.

20. A. (Anemid.) Schraderiana, Mart.; st. 6-9 in. 1., villose below; barren
segm. 3-5 in. each way, with 1-3 nearly equal pinn@ on each side, which are 2-24
in. 1, 1 in. br,, ovate-acuminate, the edge subentire, the base cuneate, the ter-
minal pinna with 2 divergent lanceolate lobes ; teature subcoriaceous ; main vein

65. ANEMIA, §§§ COPTOPHYLLUM. 435

distinct to the apex, the veinlets oblique, slightly joining ; panicle 1-2 in. 1, the
peduncle 1-4 in. 1.—JZaré. Jc. t, 58. A, diversifolia and Vespertilio, Schrad.

Hab. South Brazil_—With this we are not acquainted, The description is compiled.
principally from Martius.

21. A. (Anemid.) Phyllitidis, Sw. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., stramineous, naked or fibril-
lose ; barren segm. sessile, 4-12 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., ovate-oblong, simply pinnate ;
pinne in 4-12 sessile pairs, the lowest the largest, ovate, 1-6 in. J., 4-2 in. br., the
apex acute, the.edge crenulate, the base rounded or cuneate or unequal ; texture
subcoriaceous ; main vein distinct to the apex, the veinlets oblique, forming
numerous long narrow areols ; rachises naked or pilose ; panicle dense, 3-9 in. 1.,
the branches short, the peduncle 3-8 in. L—Plum. t.156, Raddi, Fil. Bras.t. 8.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and South Brazil.—We appear to include here eight
species of Sturm, of which A. obliqua.and sorbifolia, Schrad., A. fraxinifolia, Raddi, and
A. macrophylla, have the terminal pinna more or less joined to those below, whilst in
his A. Phyllitidis, longifolia, Link, and densa, Raddi, it is distinctly separated. A. daci-
niala, Link, has the lower pinne inciso-lobate. Villose forms of this are often labelled
A, hirta, Sw. ; but that synonym appears to belong properly to our A. Breuteliana.

§§§ Coptophyllum, Gardn. Barren and fertile fronds distinct. Sp. 22-26.

22, A. (Copt.) aurita, Sw.; st. of the barren frond 2-3 in. 1, firm, erect,
slightly pilose ; barren /r. 8-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., oblong-deltoid, bipinnate, the
lower pinne the largest, stalked, simple, or with 1 or 2 roundish sessile entire
or slightly toothed pinnl. on each side ; texture coriaceous ; surface glossy ; veins
finely channelled, flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., interrupted, the lower branches
short, the st. 6-8 in. 1.—H&. Ic. t. 903.

Hab. Jamaica.

23. A. (Copt.) Wrightii, Baker ; st. of barren frond 1-5 in. 1, slender, naked,
stramineous ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., 14 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinne few,
distant, the lower ones deltoid, the upper pinnules cuneate, simple, } in. br., the
lower ones deeply cleft from the circumference inwards ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked ; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., very lax and few-
branched, stem 8-12 in. 1.

Hab. Cuba, Wright 1812.—In habit not unlike A. cuneata, or a small slender form of
adiantifolia,

24, A. (Copt.) bipinnata, Moore ; st. of barren frond 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked ;
barren fr. 2-3 in. 1, #1 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne the
largest, subdeltoid, with cuneate pinnatifid pinnl.; teature subcoriac-ous ; veins
flabellate ; rachis and surfaces slightly hairy ; panicle lax, close, elongated, the
st. slender, 2-3 in. 1.—Osmunda, Zinn. Herb. A. cicutaria, Kz. Anal. Pter.
9. t. 5.

Hab. Bahamas and West Indies.—The figure of Plumier which Liarwus quotes is
evidently Osmunda cinnamomea.

25. A. (Copt.) dichotoma, Gardn.; st. of barren frond densely tufted, firm,
erect, slender, naked; barren fr. 1-2 in.1., about 1 in. br., oblong, tripinnate,
the segments filiform, dichotomously forked, the divisions 2-3 lin. 1.; texture
subcoriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; panicle 2-8 in. 1., the lower branches
elongated, the st. 3-4 in. 1.—Sturm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 23. fig. 16. t. 4.
Copt. buniifolium, Gard. Hk. Ic. t. 477.

Hab. Brazil.—A. tenuifolia, Presl (Sturm, 1. c. t. 16. f. 2), is probably a smaller and
more slender form of this species, Leaf in cutting resembling that of Buntwm flexuosum,
the divisions much longer and fewer than in the next.

436 66. MouRIA. 67. TROCHOPTERIS. 68. LycoDIUM, § EULYGODIUM.

26. A. (Copt.) millefolia, Gard.; st. of barren frond 1-1} in. 1., dense, erect,
pilose; barren fr. 2-8 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., oblong, tripinnate ; pénne@ close, oblong,
the segm. slightly flattened, under 1 lin. 1. ; ene subcoriaceous ; rachises pilose ;
panicle 2-3 in. ]., with copious erecto-patent branches, the stem 38-4 in. 1.—
Sturm in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 28. fig. 16. t, 4. Copt. Gardn. Hk. Ic. t. 478.

Hab. South Brazil.—Barren frond in shape and cutting resembling a leaf of Achillea
illefolium.

Gen. 66. Mourta, Sw.

Caps. sessile, placed on the back of the leafy frond near the edge. A single
species, combining the capsules of the sub-order with the habit of Cheilanthes,
Tas. VILLI. fig. 66.

1. M. caffrorum, Desv.3 st: tufted, 3-4 in. 1, slightly scaly; /*. 6-18 in. 1,
2-4 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pimne close, lanceolate-oblong, cut down to a narrowly-
winged rachis into oblong pinnl., which are pinnatifid and deeply toothed in
the barren frond, less divided in the fertile one; feature herbaceous or subcori-
aceous ; vachises and under surface more or less clothed with linear subulate
pale-brown scales.—Polyp. Linn. M. thurifragra, Sw.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar.—Fragrant when
bruised. JM. achillecefolia of the gardens (Lowe, N. F. t..42. B.) is a finely-cut variety,
almost quadripinnatifid, and is said to have a different scent, and grow in more open
places.

Gen. 67. Trocnoprsris, Gardn.

Caps. small, sessile, placed irregularly round the edge on the under side of
the slightly-contracted lower lobes of the leafy frond. A single species, like a
dwarf Anemia, but with the fertile and barren parts of the frond not distinct.
Tas. VIII. fig. 67. .

1. T. elegans, Gard.; st. densely tufted, very short; fr. 1 in. 1, 4-2 in. br.
lyrato-pinnatifid, the upper lobes rounded, not deep, the lowest pair reaching
down nearly to the rachis, and bearing the sord on its laciniated edge; texture
herbaceous ; venation flabellate, free ; both s¢des villose.—Gardn. in Hk. Journ. 1,
p. 74.t. 74. Anemia, St. in Mart. Fl. Bras. t. 16.

Hab. South Brazil.—The fronds resemble the leaves of a Geum, and form a dense
rosulate tuft. According to Fée, it has been gathered in. Cuba by Linden.

Gen. 68. Lygopium, Sw. See page 325.

Caps. solitary (or casually in pairs), in the axils of large imbricated clasping
involucres, which form spikes either in separate pinne or in lax rows along
the edge of the leafy ones. A small widely-diffused genus, well characterized by
tts wide-scandent twining stems. Tas. 1X. f, 68.

§ Eulygodium. Veins free, Sp. 1-18,

* Fully-developed barren es palmate or dichotomously forked.
p. 1-6.

1. L. palnatum, Sw.; primary petiole slender, 4-3 in, 1., each fork in the
lower part of the stem bearing a single cordato-palmate pinnl. 14-2 in. br., not
so deep, bluntly 4-6-lobed more than halfway down, the slender petiole $-2in. 1.5
Sertile pinni. subdeltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, formed only of winged rachises and short
spike-like fertile ultimate divisions, the latter linear, 1-12 lin. 1.; surfaces naked ;
texture thin-herbaceous.—Hk. Fil. Ha. t. 24. Schk.t.140. A. Gray, Man. t. 18,
Gisopteris, Bernh.

Hab. Massachusetts to Florida.

68. LYGODIUM, § ECULYGODICA. 437

2. L. dichotomum, Sw.; primary petiole so much reduced that the fork seems
almost to spring from the main rachis, secondary 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked ; pinni.
digitate, with 5-6 lobes reachiné nearly down to the base, or once or even twice
forked ; ult. barren divisions 4-8 or even 12 in. 1., 4-3 in. br., the fertile ones
contracted, sometimes so much so that the lamina is nearly lost ; the spikes 1-2
lin. L., in close marginal rows ; terfure subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked.—HEé. ¢ Gr.
t. 55. Beddome, ¢.62. LL. circinatum and pedatum, and probably flexuosum,
Sw. Ugena, Cav.

Hab. Chusan, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and Isles.—If, as
seems likely, this is Z. feruosum, Swz., that is the oldest specific name.

3. L. digitatum, Eaton (not Presl) ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary
1 in. or more |. ; pinni. palmate, cut down nearly to the base or once forked,
the lobes 6-12 in. 1, 2-1 in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the base narrowed,
the edge of the barren ones crenulate or finely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ;
surfaces glossy, naked ; spikes 1-2 lin. L, in close rows along the edge of the
lobes.—Haton, Fil. Wright & Fend. p. 217.

Hab. Gathered about Panama and in New Granada by Seemann, Cuming, and Hayes,
and in Guatemala by Salvin and Godman. Apparently larger and less divided than the
preceding, which is Presl’s digitatum, but very doubtfully distinct.

4. L. semthastatum, Desv. ; primary petiole nearly or quite obsolete, secondary
1 in. or more ; pinnl. once forked, each short-stalked, divisions (in our specimen)
simple, ligulate, 6-8 in. 1., nearly lin. br. without the spikes, the base unequal,
one side very cordate ; terture coriaceous ; surface naked ; spikes } in. 1., in close
rows along the edge of the segments.—Ugena, Car. H. auriculatum, Car.

Hab. Philippine and Marianne Isles, Cuming, &c.—The sterile pinnules are described
as palmate. The fertile ones, except that they are in pairs instead of being numerous
and arranged pinnately/ are like those of pinnatijidum.

5. L. articulatum, Rich. ; primary petiole 3-3 in. 1, secondary 1 in. or more I. ;
barren pinnl. twice forked, each bearing 4 ligulate-oblong segm., which are 2-3
in. 1., about $ in. br., blunt at the point, very distinctly articulated at the base
on a short petiole ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; fertile pinnl.
many times dichotomous, the short spizes in dense clusters, which are often
almost destitute of lamina.—A. Rich. Fl. t. 15.

Hab. New Zealand.—A very well-marked species,

6. L. trifurcatum, Baker; primary petiole obsolete or very short, second
1-13 in. 1; pinnl. twice dichotomously forked, .and cack ave hipartite
nearly to the base, the ult. barren divisions 4-6 in. L., 3 in. br., the point acute
or bluntish, the edge crenulate, the petioles not articulated ; texture subcoriaceous;
rachis and surfaces naked ; fertile divisions contracted, cut down nearly to the
rachis, the short spikes in clusters of 3-6 upon the lobes.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Milne 511, 591, J. G. Veitch ; Louisiade Archipelago, MeGillivray.
—This seems a very distinct species. In one of our specimens the spikes are 1 to 8
together, and the portion of the lamina that supports them is only linear.

*% Fully-developed barren pinnules pinnate. Sp. 7-13.

7. L. scandens, Sw. ; primary petiole very short, secondary 2-2 in. ].: pinnl.
4-8in. 1, --4 in. br, with a terminal segm, and 4-5 on ach ate which eae
variable in shape, usually simple, ovate or ligulate-oblong, with a rounded or
cordate base, sometimes hastate or even slightly pinnate below, always articulated
on a short petiole, spreading from the rachis at right angles ; tecture firm; sur-

438 68. LyGopIUM, § EULYGODIUM.

faces naked or nearly so; spikes 1-8 lin, |., in close rows along the edge of the
segments.—Beddome, ¢. 61.

Hab. South China and Himalayas to Queensland, Malay Isles, and Ceylon; Guinea
Coast.—L. microphyllum, Br., is a common form with short broad segments.—We do
not venture to separate the Mexican Z. mexicanum, Presl, which is quite like this in
habit,'but is said to be not articulated at the apex of the petiole, a character which our
specimens leave in doubt.

8. L. venustum, Sw.; primary petiole very short, secondary }-4 in. 1.; pinnl.
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with a terminal segm, and 4-12 on each side, which are
simple, ligulate-oblong, the lower ones usually hastate, or pinnate below, all
articulated at the base, bluntly lobed at the edge when barren, the upper ones
sessile, the lower ones on a spreading petiole 4-} in. 1. ; texture firm ; rachis and
surfaces densely villose ; spikes 1-4 lin. 1., in close rows.—L. polymorphum,
Ail. B. K. Ugena, Cav. H. hirsutum, Willd, ;

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru.—Near the preceding, but larger
and constantly villose, with the edge of the barren segments crenato-pinnatifid. L. cubense,
H. B. K., probably belongs here.

9. L. volubile, Sw.; primary petiole nearly or quite obsolete, secondary about
lin. L.; pinni. 8-12 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., with a simple ligulate-oblong terminal
segm. 8-6 in. 1, 1-14 in br., and 3-5 like it on each side, truncate or subcuneate,
and articulated at the base,and all distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
and surfaces naked or slightly pubescent ; spikes 1-3-lin. 1., in close rows along
the edge of the leafy segments.—L. scandens, Schk. ¢. 188. (non Sw.). LL. hasta-
tum, Mart. t. 57.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil_—_From this we cannot separate by any clear character Z, has-
tatum and expansum, Desv., hirtum and lucens, Kaulf., Peppiganum, Presl. Wrightii,
Eaton, surinamense, Miquel, acuminatum, puberulum, and micans, Sturm. Segments of
several of these are figured by Sturm (Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 23. t. 13-14). In some of
the forms they have a pair of pina at the base, and in others they are slightly villose.

10, L. pinnatifidum, Sw.; primary petiole none or very short, secondary often
1 in. 1.3 pénnd. 8-12 in. 1, 6-12 in. br., with a ligulate-oblong terminal segm. 3-6
in. 1, 4-2 in. br., and 8-4 like it on each side, usually rounded or cordate, all
articulated at the base, the lower ones, or all, short-stalked, and sometimes hastate
or pinnate below ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked or slightly
pubescent ; spikes 1-3 lin. 1., in close rows along the edge of the leafy segments.
—L. flexuosum, Bedd. t. 63, but scarcely of Swartz.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, North Australia, Angola, Guinea.
—Here belong L. longifolium and pubescens, Wall., the latter a slightly pubescent form,
and L. salicifolium, Presl (a form with small neat long-stalked segments), and Smith’s
Congo plant, called LZ. Smithianum by Presl.

11. L. polystachyum, Wall. ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary }4
in. 1.3 pinnl. 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.; the segm. uniform, 9-12 on each side, 2-3
in. 1., 2in. br., articulated at the base, pinnatifid more than halfway down to
the rachis into close entire blunt lobes 4 in. br.; upper segm. sessile, lower ones
short-stalked ; ¢eature subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces pubescent; the fruit
in the fertile ones occupying the back of the scarcely modified lobes.—Hk. 2nd
Cent. t. 76.

Hab. Malay Peninsula; gathered by Wallich, Griffith, Parish, &c.— Well distin-
guished by its numerous uniform deeply and regularly pinnatifid segments.

12. L. subalatum, Bojer; primary petiole obsolete or very short, secondary
din. 1.; péinnl, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid, bipinnate, the apex pinnatifid ;

68. LycopruM, §§ HYDROGLOsSUM. 439

upper segm. sessile, ovate-deltoid, pinnatifid, lower short-stalked, deeply pin-
natifid or pinnate in the lower part, the divisions pinnatifid, the base not arti-
culated ; texture herbaceous ; swrfaces naked or slightly villose ; spékes 1-2 lin. 1,
terminating the ultimate lobes, :

Hab. Madagascar and the Comoro Isles ; collected by Bojer, Kirk, and Speke.—The
segments are very close, often imbricated, and in well-developed pinnules six on each
side below the pinnatifid apex. This is midway between japonicum and polystachyum,
and has the pinnatifid barren segments of the latter.

13. L. japonicum, Sw. ; primary petiole very short, secondary $-1 in. 1. ; pinnl.
4-8 in. l., nearly as broad, deltoid; the terminal segm. pinnatifid or hastate, the
lateral ones 2-3 on each side, very unequal, not articulated at the base, the lower
ones long-stalked and pinnate in the lower part, the divisions entire or crenulate ;
texture herbaceous ; sumfaces naked or slightly villose ; spikes 1-2 lin. 1., the lamina
of the fertile divisions often much reduced.—Beddome, t. 64.

Hab. Japan and the Himalayas to Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Hong-Kong, and North
Australia.—L. Finlaysonianum, Wall., and Z. tenue, Blume, both appear to be forms of
this with the lamina of the fertile divisions nearly obsolete.

§§ Hydroglossum, Presi. Veins anastomosing. Sp. 14-16. Fig. 69.c. Lygo-
dictyon, J. Smith.

. s,s 14. L. (Hydro.) heterodoxum, Kze.; primary petiole obsolete or very short,
secondary 14 in. l.; pinnl. with 2-3 bipartite segm., the ult. divisions 4-6 in. 1.,
Sin. br., the petioles not articulated, the lowest often 3 in. 1. ; texture thin ; rachis
and surfaces naked 3 veins joining copiously ; spikes 1 lin. 1. ; in close rows along
the edge of the leafy divisions—Aunze, t.113. H. spectabile, Liebm. L. Lin-
deni, Hort.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala,

15. L. (Hydro.) reticulatum, Schk.; primary petiole 4-2 in. 1., secondary 3-4
in. 1.3 pinni. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with a terminal segm. and 4-6 nearly uniform
ones on each side, which are cordate-hastate or ligulate-oblong, rounded or cordate
at the base, 2-3 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., all articulated at the base, the lower ones short-
stalked ; texture subcoriaceous; rachises naked or slightly villose, sometimes
ebeneous ; spikes 1-3 lin. 1., in. close rows along the edge of the segments.—Schh.
#1389. H.polycarpum, Willd. H. scandens, Presi, i. Schkuhri and Forsteri,
J. Sm.

Hab. Polynesian Isles and Hast Tropical Australia,

16. L. (Hydro.) lanceolatum, Desv. ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary
1 in. 1. 5 pinnl, 8-12 in. 1., 6-10 in. br. 3; segm. 3-4 on each side, uniform, 4-6
in. 1, 2-1 in. br., all stalked, articulated at the base, the base rounded or cuneate,
never cordate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces glossy ; spikes 1-2 lin. 1
in close rows along the edge of the segments.—H. madagascariensis, Poir.

Hab. Madagascar, Bojer, Forbes, Meller, &c.

Sus-Orp, V. MARATTIACEA, e

-- Caps. opening by a slit down one side or a pore at the a ex, without a ring,
usually joined together in concrete masses (synangia). Vernation circinate.*
Gen. 69-72.

* An elaborate illustrated monograph of the sub-order (excluding Dana) was pub-
lished by De Vriese and Harting at Leyden in 1853, They define altogether ninety-four
species,

4

440 69. ANGIOPTERIS. 70, MARATTIA, § EUMARATTIA.

Gen. 69. AncropTERIs, Hoffin.

Caps. opening by a slit down the side, sessile, very close to one another but not
concrete, arranged in linear-oblong or boat-shaped soré near the edge of the frond.
Tas. IX, fig. 69.

1, A. evecta, HAW m.; caud. erect, 2-6 ft, high, 13-2 ft. thick ; st. swollen and
articulated at the base, furnished with two large leathery auricles, which remain
attached to the caudex after it falls ; fr. 6-15 ft. 1., bipinnate ; pinne 1-8 ft. 1.,
spreading, the lowest the largest, the rachis swollen at the base; pinnl. 4-12
in. 1., 4-14 in. br., linear-oblong, sessile or short-stalked, the point acuminate,
the edge entire or slightly toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sédes naked,
smooth, shining ; veins subparallel ; sord consisting of 8-15 caps., in close rows
near the edge, almost hiding the inferior fimbriated involucre.—Zé. & Gir,
t.36. Ak, Fil. Ea. t. 75.

Hab. Himalayas and Japan to Ceylon, Madagascar, New Caledonia, Queensland, and
Society Isles.—We cannot determine more than one clearlyxmarked species, but Presl
defines ten, and De Vriese sixty. There is a considerable range of variation in the tex-
ture of the pinnz and closeness of the veins and sori, and the number of capsules which
compose the latter; and in many of the forms there is a free veinlet, which is very
variable in length and distinctness, which begins at the edge of the frond in the inter-
space between the veins proper. Psilodochea salicifolia, Presl, is an entirely obscure
plant, supposed to have been gathered in Lahore, said to be like Angiopteris, but without
an involucre.

Gey. 70. Manarttia, Sm. (See page 525.)

Caps. sessile or stalked, 4-12, concrete in boat-shaped synangia, which consist

of two opposite rows of capsules, and open by slits down their inner faces. A

well-marked genus, extending all round the world within the Tropics, and a litile
- beyond the southern one. Tas. IX. fig. 70.

§ Eumarattia. Synangia furnished with an obscure fimbriated inferior invo-
lucre. Sp. 1-2.

1.:\M. frazinea, Smith ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., 1-14 in. thick, smooth, deciduously scaly
and swollen in the lower part; /r. 6-15 ft. 1., bipinnate or casually tripinnate ;
pinne 1-2 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., péinnl. oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1, 3-14 in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the edge entire or serrulate, the base cuneate or slightly
rounded ; texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins simple or forked, the rachis
of the pinne sometimes slisshtly winged ; synangia usually submarginal, in close
rows, = 8 lin. 1., the sidds vertical, the receptacle linear, with 6-12 caps. on
each side.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Angola, Zambesi-land, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony, Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaceas, Polynesia, New Zealand, Queensland, Norfolk
Island.—The typical plant (Smith, Ic. inedit. t, 48; Beddome, t. 79) has pinnules 1-14
in. br., serrulate principally at the apex, numerous forked veins, and submarginal synan-
gia, with 10-12 caps. on each side. To this belong ©. sorbifolia, Bory, and M. elegans,
Endl. From this we cannot separate clearly many plants which have been regarded as
distinct ; of which the principal are M. salicifolia, Schrad. (Kze. t. 38), including M. Dre-
giana and natalensis, Presl (South Africa), pinnules sharply toothed throughout, often
only 4-3 in. br., veins more distant, synangia with about 6 caps. on each side, nut so
close or so near the edge; M. salicina, Sm., De Vriese, tab. 3. fig. 18 (Society Isles),

1

species, and give nine large folio plates to illustrate the characters of these and the ana-
tomical structure of the genera. In all of them the caudex is a succulent irregularly-
shaped tuberous mass, upon which the stems are articulated, and the latter are furnished
at the base with a pair of large flap-like auricies, which are leathery in texture when dry.

70, MaRaTTIA, §§ GYMNOTHECA. 441

colour dark-green, veins and synangia very close, the former all simple, the latter long,
narrow, marginal ; a plant from Fiji, coriaceous in texture, colour dark-green, veins
simple, much raised, $ line apart, synangia a third or nearly halfway from the edge to
the midrib ; 14. purpurascens, De Vriese, t. 3. f£. 19 (Mf. Ascensionis, J. Sm., Hk. G. F.
t. 65, from Ascension Island), a reduced fleshy form, as if grown in a very exposed situ-
ation, the fronds not more than 3-4 ft. high, lurid-purple in the wild plant, lower pinnl.
often cut down to a distinctly-winged rachis, the auricles at the base of the stem some-
times producing soriferous lobes like the frond in texture ; and A. sambugina, Blume
(Java), pinnl. 2-3 in. L., §-} in. br., narrowed to both ends, very pale-beneath, with distant
simple veins, small synangia placed half as far from the edge as from the midrib, and the
rachis of the pinne more distinctly winged than usual. The Philippine MU. pellucida,
Presl, comes very near this last, and If. sylvatica, Blume (De Vriese, t. 3. £. 23), appears
to differ only by having the lower pinnules again pinnatifid.

2. M. attenuata, Lab.; st. 3-4 ft. 1., smooth ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1. tripinnate ; pinne
13-2 ft. 1., the lower ones with a stalk 6 in. 1. and 2-3 pinnl. on each side, the
latter with a terminal segm. and 3-4 on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. or
rather more br., the apex serrated, the base cuneate, the lower ones short-
stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; rachis not winged ; veins usually
once forked ; synangia 1-13 lin. 1., submarginal, the sides vertical, the receptacle
linear.— Lab. Sert. Austro-Cal. p. 9. t. 18-14.

Hab, New Caledonia.—This may not be more than a more compound variety of the
preceding, but examples received recently from Vieillard quite agree with Labillardiére’s
specimens and figures.

§§ -Gymnotheca, Presi. Synangia sessile without an involucre.
Sp. 3-6.

3. M. (Gymno.) cicutefolia, Kaulf. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 in. thick, smooth ; fr. 5-6
ft. 1., bipinnate ; lower pinne 12-18 in. 1., often 1 ft. br.; pinnd. oblong-lan-
ceolate, 4-6 in. 1., }-1 in. br., the edge entire or serrulate, the base cuneate or
slightly rounded ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins distant, usually
in pairs that join at the base, one often forked ; rachis of the pinne slightly
winged towards the apex ; synangia a short distance from the edge, 1-14 lin. 1.,
deep cleft, the sides ultimately spreading, the attachment linear.— Mart. Je. ¢.70.
M. fraxinea, Raddi, t. 82. (non Smith).

Hab. Brazil.—De Vriese and Sturm define six Brazilian species, which we cannot
distinguish clearly,—Raddiana, polyodon, obtusidens, cicutefolia, Verschaffeltiana, and
podolepis. The latter is the most unlike the type, and has herbaceous pinne only 2-3
in. L., 2 in. br., and very small synangia.

4. M. (Gymno.) dara, Kze. ;.,st. 1-2 ft. 1., smooth ; 7. several ft. ]., bipinnate ;
lower pinne 13-2 ft. 1. often 1 ft. br.; pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1.,
#1 in. br., the edge inciso-crenate, the base cordate; texture subcoriaceous;
surfaces naked ; veins in pairs that join at or near the base, both sometimes
forked ; rachis slightly winged towards the apex ; synangia quite close to the
edge, #1 lin. 1., the sides always erect, the attachment linear.—Kunze, t. 95.
Presl, Suppl. tent. p.15. Lowe, 8.t. 77. M. macrophylla, Hort.

Hab. Mexico, Liebold 62.—This and the preceding have entirely the habit of
MM. fraxinea.

5. M. (Gymno.) Douglastt, Baker ; st. 3-5 ft. 1., thick, smooth ; fr. 6-8 ft. 1.,
tripinnatifid, the lower pinne much the largest, all except the lowest pair
simply pinnate, 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the rachis flattened and narrowly winged
throughout, the pinn/. usually under 1 in. 1., } in. br., linear-oblong, with broad
blunt teeth, the base cuneate ; pinn/. of the lowest pinne again pinnatifid ; texture
thick-herbaccous ; surfaces naked ; synangia 1 to each lobe of the pinnules, sub-

3K

“

442 70, maraTtia, §§§ EUpopIuM. 71, Dana. ,
marginal, ha lin. 1, the sides ultimately spreading, the attachment oblong.—
Stibasia, Prest. De Vriese, tab. 3. f. 24. ;

Hab. Sandwich Isles,

©

6. M. (Gymno.) alata, Smith ; sf. 1-2 ft. 1, 1 in. or more thick, deciduously
scaly; 7r. 8-4 ft. L, tripinnatifid, the lower pinne the largest, all except the
lowest pair.usually simply pinnate, the ultimate divisions }-2 in. 1, about } in.
br., oblong, blunt or acute, the base cuneate, the edge serrate or crenate, the
rachises with a very distinct wing ; feature herbaceous ; under surface more or
less chaffy ; synangia copious, submarginal, $-2 lin. 1., the sides erect, the attach-
ment oblong or roundish.—Smith, Ic. inedit. t. 46. ag Raddi). Discostegia,
Presl. M. levis, Smith, Ie. t. 47. M. weinmanniefolia, Liebm.

Hab. West Indies, Mexico, and Guatemala,—Presl and others assign to this an
involucre, which we are not able to detect. MM. levis, Sm., is « form with the rachis
smooth and teeth of the segments blunt.

, §§§ Eupodium, J. Sm. Synangia short-staiked without an énvolucre.
Sp. 7. ,

7. M. (Eupod.) Kaulfussii, J. Sm.; st. 2-8 ft. 1, thick, naked; yr. 3-4 ft. L,
quadripinnatifid, the lowest pinne much the largest, all except the lowest pair
bipinnatifid, 1 ft. or more 1, 6-8 in. br.; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1, the rachis very
distinctly winged ; segm. oblong, deeply and bluntly toothed, those of the lowest
pinne again pinnatifid ; texture herbateous ; surfaces naked ; synangia 3-3 lin. 1.,
not marginal, deeply cleft, the sides ultimately spreading.— Hh. 2nd Cent. t. 95.
M. alata, Raddz, t. 83-4. (non Sm.) :

Hab. Weat Indies and Columbia to Ecuador and Rio Janeiro.

Gxn. 71. Danaa, Sm, (See page 525.)

Caps. sessile, concrete in rows, which cover the whole under surface of the
pinne on which they are piped, opening by pone at the apex. A well-marked
genus restricted to Tropical America. Tas. IX. fig. 71.

1. D. sémplicifolia, Rudge; st. of the barren fr. 2-12 in. 1., with 0-2 nodes,
slightly scaly below; barren fr. 6-12 in, 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate-oblong, the apex
acuminate, the edge entire, the base rounded or cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
midrib beneath naked ; veins clos’, usually once forked; fertile fr. similar but
smaller, and the st. longer.— Rudge, t. 36. Kunze, t. 50.

Hab. Guiana and North Brazil.—One of our specimens is partially fertile only. There
-are about 100 capsules in the central synangia, and 30,000 to an entire frond.

2. D. tifoliata, Reich. ; st. of barren fr. about 1 in. 1., with 1 node, slightly
scaly below ; barren fr. with an oblong-lanceolate entire terminal pimna 8-12
in. 1, 8 in. br., and one or two pairs of similar but smaller lateral ones ; texture
coriaceous ; surfaces glossy, the rachis naked, not winged, swollen at the nodes;
veins close, usually once forked, casually anastomosing ; fertile fr. on a longer st.,
the pinnee smaller.—Kze, Anal. 4. ¢..2. a

Hab. Guiana ; gathered by Hostmann and Schomburgk.—Perhaps not really distinct
from the preceding.

38. D. trichomanoides, Spruce, MSS.; st. of barren fr. under 1 in. L, furfu-
raceous, continuous; barren fr, 3-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., with about 12 pinne on each
side, the central ones 4 in. 1., 2 lin. br., oblong, short-stalked, the base rounded ;
colour dark-green ; teatwre pellucido-herbaceous; veins simple; rachis with a

ca Tl. DANEA 443

distinct crisped wing throughout ; fertile fr. on longer st. than the barren ones,
and the pinnze more distinctly stalked and not so close.—Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 288.

Hab. Tarapota, East Peru, Spruce 4710.

4. D. Lepricurii, Kze.; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, nearly naked, with 3-4 distinct
articulations ; barren fr. 6-9 in. |., 3-4 in. br., with about 6 sessile pinne on
each side, which are 13-2 in. 1, 2 in. br., oblong-faleate, the edge crisped, the
lowest pair nearly equalling the others; tezfure subcoriaceous ; reins very fine
and close, usually once forked ; rachis slender, swollen at the nodes, slightly
winged upwards ; fertile fr. on a longer st. than the barren one, the piane
similar, but smaller.—Xze. ¢. 60.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley.—This forms the section Arthrodanea of Presl,
characterized by a distinctly articulated stem.

5. D. humilis; Moore ; sé. of barren fr. 2-4 in. L, furfuraceous, with 0-1 node ;
barren fr. about 1 ft. 1., 2-8 in. br., with 15-25 close pinne@ on each side, the
central ones 13 in. 1., }-2 in. br., distinctly stalked, the point blunt, the edge
slightly crisped, the base on both sides rounded or subcordate; lower pinne
rather shorter than the others ; texture fleshy-herbaceous ; rachis furfuraceous,
distinetly winged throughout ; veins fine and close ; fertile fr. like the other, but
smaller.—Moore, Ind. fil. p. 286.

Hab. El Ecuador, Seemann 996 ; and a plant gathered by Dr. Spruce in East Pern
(4769) is probably the same. Some of Dr. Seemann’s specimens are proliferous at the
apex.

6. D. clata, Smith ; st. of barren fr. 2-6 in. 1., densely furfuraceous, with 0-1
node ; darren jr. 12-18 in, 1., 6-8 in. br., with 8-10 pinne on each side, the
central ones short-stalked, 3-5 in. 1., ? in. br., the apex acuminate or cuspidate,
serrated, the base rounded, the lowest pair distant and much reduced ; fezture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath furfuraceons, the former distinctly
winged in the upper half; reins conspicuous, usually simple ; fertile fr. on a
longer st., the pinnz stalked more distinctly, 1-3 in. 1., acute or obtuse, 3-4 lin.
br.—Plum. t. 108.- Ak. & Gr. t. 18.

Hab. West Indies.

7. D. Augustii, Karst.; st. of barren fr. 3-4 in. L, slender, naked, with 1-2
nodes ; barren fr. about 1 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., with 4-5 pinne on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1, $-? in. br., the upper ones sessile, the lowest stalked and slightly
reduced, all narrowed to the base, the upper part inciso-crenate; tezture herba-
ceous 3 colour dark-green; teins not very close, usually once forked; rachis
paked, slightly winged upwards; fertile pinne similar—Sturm in Mart. FT.
Bras. fase. 23. p. 159.

Hab. Venezuela, Karsten.

8. D. Moritziana, Presl; sf. of barren fr. 8-12 in. I., slightly furfuraceous,
with 1-2 nodes; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., with 10-12 pinne on each
_ side, all sessile or nearly.so, 3-5 in. 1., 4-1 in. br., the apex acuminate or cus-
pidate, sharply toothed, the base cuneate, the lowest pair not distant or reduced ;
texture subcoriaceous; teins close, mostly once forked ; rachis nearly naked,
slightly winged towards the apex; fertile pinne 13-2 in. 1., } in. br.—Presl,
Suppl. 6. p. 35.

Hab, Columbia to Peru.—Midway between alata and elliptica.

9. D. stenophylla, Kze.; st. of barren fr. about 1 ft. 1., naked, with 2-3 nodes ;
barren fr. 13-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br., with 12-15 pairs of pinne, the upper sessile,

444 72. KAULFUSSIA. 73, OPHIOGLOSSUM.

the central ones short-stalked, 4-5 in. 1.,} in. br., the apex sharply toothed, the
base rounded, the lowest shorter ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins mostly simple ;
rachis furfuraceous, slightly margined towards the apex ; fertile pinne: distinctly
stalked, 2-4 in, 1, 2-3 lin. br—Kze. t. 28. Heterodanea, Presl.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L’ Herminier.—Our description is taken from an authentic specimen
communicated by M. Fée. Moore gives the Mexican D. cuspidata, Liebm., with which
we are not acquainted, as probably the same.

10. D. eliptica, Sm. 3; sf. about 1 ft. 1., nearly naked, with 2-5 nodes ; barren
jr. 13-2 ft. 1, 8-12 in. br., with 6-9 pairs of pinne, the upper sessile, 4-6 in. l.,
1-14 in. br., the apex acuminate, entire or slightly toothed, the base cuneate or
slightly rounded, the lowest stalked, not reduced ; ¢eztwre subcoriaceous ; veins
fine and close; rachis naked, slightly winged at the top ; fertile pinne similar,
but narrower and more distinctly stalked.—Hs ¢ Gr.t. 51. OD. geniculata,
Raddi, t. 5.

Hab. West Indies to South Brazil.—The commonest species. D. Sellowiana, Presl, is
probably a nodeless variety.

11. D. nodosa, Sm. ; sf. 13-2 in. 1., strong, erect, nodose ; barren fr. 3-4 ft. 1,
4-2 ft. br., with 10-15 pairs of pinne, the upper ones sessile, the lower ones
short-stalked, not reduced, 6-12 in. 1, 1-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
entire or subrepand, the base cuneate or slightly rounded ; tezture subcoriaceous 5
rachis naked, the upper part slightly winged ; veins fine, close, simple or once
forked ; fertile pinne 4-6 in. 1., #-1 in. br— Plum. t. 108. Ak. & Gr. t. 51.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil.—D. dubia, Presl, and D. longifolia, Desv. (figured
by Sturm in Mart. F). Bras. fase. 2. 3. t. 11), are probably nodeless varieties. Presl and
Sturm make two sections of the genus, characterized by the absence or presence of those
nodular swellings of the stem, but the character seems to be a very unsafe one. The
genus Dancopsis of Pres] is founded upon a pinna figured by Raddi (Fil. Bras. t. 5) with
irregular anastomosing venation, under the name of D. paleacea.

Gen. 72. Kautrussta, Blume.

Caps. sessile, 10-15, quite concrete in raised circular masses, which are hollow
in the centre, with the oblong apertures on the inner face. Tas. IX. fig. 72.

1. K. esculifolia, Blume ; st. 12-18 in. 1., herbaceous, auricled at the base;
Jr. ternate or quinato-digitate, the central pénna the largest, oblong-spathulate,
6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the edge subentire, the others similar but smaller, often
unequal-sided or lobed ; texture fleshy-herbaceous ; main veins pinnate, with
copious immersed areole, with free included veinlets between them; sori
copious, scattered. Hk. & Gr. t. 229. K. assamica, Griff.

Hab. Assam, Philippines, and Malay Isles.—A curious plant, with a frond like a
chesvut-leaf, and the under surface dotted over with copious stomata-like pores. De
Vriese makes four species,

Suzs-Orp. VI. OPHIOGLOSSACEA.

Caps. deeply two-valved, opening down the side nearly to the base, without a
ring. Vernatéon erect. Gen. 73-75.

Gen. 73. OpHrocLossum, L.

Caps. sessile, arranged in two rows so as to form a narrow closespike. Tas. 1X.
fig. 73.

73. OPHIOGLOSSUM, § EUOPHICGLOSSUM. 445

_ § Euophioglossum. Fertile spike single, arising from the base of the barren
segment. Sp. 1-6.

1. O. Jesitanicum, L.; rootstock slightly tuberous; fr. 1-3 in. ]., the sterile
division placed below the centre, $-1 in. l., 14-2 lin. br., linear-lanceolate, the point
bluntish, the base narrowed ; éerfure thick, no midrib, and the veins indistinct ;
Jertile spike }4 in.1., the peduncle firm, 3-14 in. |. when mature.—HE. B. F.
#.47. O. azoricum, Presi.

‘Hab. Shores of the Mediterranean, and as far north as Guernsey, Azores, Madeira,
Guinea Coast.—The European plant is developed in winter, whilst in Britain O. vul-
gatum is not watare till June. O. gramineum, Willd., from North and Peninsular India,
is probably identical, and the same may be said of the Australian and New Zealand
O. granineum, R. Br. The New Zealand O. minimum, Colenso, is not more than 1 in.
high, with the barren segment 3 lin. L by half as broad ; and three closely-allied forms
have been gathered by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola,—0O. gomesianum, Welw., 1-1} in. L,
barren segm. near the base, 4-3 in L, 2 lin. br. ; O. Juso-africanum, Welw., 4 in. }., barren
segm. central, 14 in. L, 2 lin. br. ; and 0. gracillimum, Welw., 1} im. L, barren segm.
central, truly linear, acute, 1 im. or less L, under 1 lin. br. The African forms have
lately been monographed by Dr. A. Braun in Kuhn's Filices Africanz.

2. O. rubellum, Welw. MSS.; rootstock slightly tuberous; fr. 1-2 in. L, the
sterile division placed very near the base, roundish, } in. each way, without a
haft, often adpressed to the surface of the ground, thick in texture, the veining
hidden ; fertile spike 3-8 in. 1, the reddish peduncle #1 in. 1. when fully
matured.

Hab. Pungo Andongo, Angola, 2,400-3,800 ft. ; Welwitsch 33.—Most like O. bulbosum
but smaller, with the barren segment sub-basal.

3. O. bulbosum. Michx. ; rootstock tuberous, 3-3 in. thick ; fr. 2-+ in. L, the
sterile division placed considerably below the middle, 3-1 in. L, 3 in. br., ovate,
without a haft; texture stouter than in O. eulgatum, the midrib and veining
quite indistinct; fertile spike 14 in. 1., the peduncle 14-2 in. when fally
developed..—O. crotalophoroides, Walt. O. tuberosum, Hk. G 1. O. opacum,
. Br. Hk. & Gr. t. 50. 0. stipatum, Colla.

Hab. Louisiana and Florida to Chili and Tristan d’Acunha; and a Malay specimen
from Prof. De Vriese agrees with the American plant.

4. 0. nudicaule, L. fil.; rootstock slightly tuberous; /r. 2-4 in. L, the sterile
division placed not far from the base, 3-14 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate or oblong,
without a haft or with only a slight one, the texture thin but the veins not
distinct ; fertile spike } in. 1., the peduncle often 2-3 in. L, very slender.—
Swartz, Synop. t.4. f.2. Kaze. t. 29. fig. 29.¢. 3.6. O. parvifolium, Hk. & Gr.
Beddome, t. 71.

Hab. America from the Southern United States southward to Brazil ; New Caledonia,
Malaceas, Peninsular India, Guinea Coast, Angola.—Whether this be the original nudi-
caule is not quite clear, but it is the plant figured under that name by Swartz and Kunze.
To the type belong O. ypanemense, Mart. t. 73, O. surinamense, Reich., and O. favicaule,
Klotzsch, and probably 0. moluccanum, Schlecht. Kunze’s fig. a, O. Wightii, Hk. & Gr.,
and 0. ellipticum, Hk. & Gr. & 40, are larger in size, with the sterile segment as thin
and the venation as plain as in reficulatum, 2 in. or more L., §-3 in. br., and the stem
longer. O. macrorkizum, Kze. t. 29. fig. 1 (from Guiana and Brazil), is a much-reduced
variety, not more than 1}-2 in. high, with the sterile division not more than 3 in. L,
in. br. The Sandwich Island 0. concinnum, Brack. t. 44, is most like this, but the
barren segment is farther from the base of the stem ; and this also appears to be the
case with the Chilian 0. melipillense, Remy.

5. O. vulgatum, 1. ; rootstock not tuberous; /r. 6-9 in. 1., the sterile division
generally placed about the middle, 2-4 in. 1, 3.2 in. br., ovate or ovate-oblong

446 73. OPHIOGLOSSUM, §§ OPHIODERMA, §§§ CHEIROGLOSSA.

without a distinct haft ; tezture stouter than in the others, the midrib usually
indistinct ; fertile spike 1 in. or more 1., upon a peduncle 2-4 in. 1, and con-
siderably overtopping the sterile division when the plant is fully mature.—
Ak. B. F. t. 46, é

Hab, Lapland to Japan and the Himalayas ; Azores, Guinea Coast, Angola, St. Helena,
Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Mascaren Isles, Australia, New Zealand, Sandwich Isles, Tem-
perate North America.—From the type O. coriaceum, Hk., O. elongatum, R. Cunning. and
O. ovatum, Bory, scarcely diverge at all. The Cape plant (0. capense, Schlecht.) has some-
times, but not always, a more distinctly-marked midrib than the European one. The
Azorean 0. polyphyllum, A. Br., is a small form with often several fronds from the same
root. O. costatum, R. Br. (Hk. fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 169), is also smaller, with the midrib
sometimes clearly marked. There is a tropical variety (O. pedunculosum, Desv., Kze.
p. 58. t. 29; O. petiolatum, Hk. Ex. F. t. 56, and Blume) which occurs in Peninsular
India, Java, and Guiana, with the barren division like that ofthe type in form and size, but
thinner in texture, and with a distincthaft, which is not clearly separable from the large
forms of 0. nudicaule ; and near to this come O, brevipes, Beddome, t. 72, from the Neil-
gherries, with a stem under 1 in. l, a peduncle 5-6 in. 1., very distinct areolation and
copious free veinlets ; and the Angolan and Guinean O. aphrodisiacum, Welw. MSS.,
with a bulbous rootstock 3-3 in. thick, and a distinct flattened midrib extending
nearly to the apex of the sterile segment, Discovered lately in the island of Ascension
by Dr. Murphy.

6. O. reticulatum, L. ; rootstock not tuberous ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., the sterile division
placed about the middle, 2-3 in. 1., 14-2 in. br., with a distinct haft and dis-
tinctly cordate basal lobes, the point blunt or subacute; ¢esture thin, the veins
distinct, usually no midrib ; fertile spike 1 in. or more l., on a slender peduncle
2-4 in. ]., much overtopping the sterile segment.—Hék. & Gr. t. 20. Beddoive:
é. 70. :

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba to Peru and South Brazil ; Polynesian, Malayan,
and Philippine Isles ; Hast India, as far north as the Himalayas, Guinea Coast, Angola,
Zambesi-land, Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony.—To this appear to belong O. cordifolium,
Roxb., O. Cumingianum and peruvianum, Presl, and probably OU. cognatum, Presl, is a
form with a rudimentary midrib, : ;

$3 Ophioderma, Endi. Fertile spikes usually single, arising from the centre of
the barren segment. Sp. 7-8.

7. O. (Ophiod.) intermedium, Hk.; jr. erect, 6-8 in. 1, the flattened stem
passing gradually into the leafy part, which is % in. br. not far from the point ;
texture fleshy ; veins indistinct ; fertile spike 1} in. 1., erect, on a peduncle which
about equals it and just reaches to the point of the barren segment.—Hi&, Ic.
t. 995.

Hab, Borneo, 7. Lobb. Perhaps a mere form of the next,

8. O. (Ophiod.) pendulum, L. ; fr. pendulous, ribbon-like, without a distinct
stem, 1-15 ft. 1., 1-3 in. br., simple or forked ; ¢exture fleshy ; no midrib, and the
veining not distinct; fertile spike usually low down, 2-6 in. L, on a peduncle
shorter than itself, usually solitary —Hs. d Gr.t.19. G. F. t. 83.

Hab. Polynesian Isles to N. 8S. Wales, Assam, Malaccas, Philippines, Ceylon, and
Mascaren Isles,

§§§ Cheiroglossa, Presi. Fertile spikes numerous, arising from the base of the
barren segment, Sp. 9. :

* 9, O. (Cheir.) palmatum, L.; st. 6-12.in. 1, fleshy, flaccid ; /r. like the letter
V, 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., more or less cut from the circumference towards the
centre into deep blunt lobes; teature fleshy ; fertile spikes 2-12 in number, 1-2
in. 1., arising from the stem or edge of the lower part of the frond, on short
nodding or spreading peduncles.

Hab. Cuba to South Brazil; and it has been gathered also in Bourbon.

74, HELMINTHOSTACHYS. 75. BOTRYCHIUM. A447
. ‘A

§§§§ Rhizoglossum, Presi, Fertile and barren fronds distinct.
: Sp. 10.

10. O. (Rhiz.) Bergianum, Schlecht ; rhizome slightly tuberous, one bearing
several fronds of both kinds, the barren ones 3-1 lin. 1., 3 in. br., linear, fleshy,
the fertile spike slender, 3 in. ]., on a slender peduncle 1-14 in. 1.—H&, Ic. t. 263.

Hab. Cape Colony, rare.—A very delicate and distinct little plant.

1

Gey. 74, Hetmintuostacuys, Kaulf.

‘ cae. in small crested clusters which form a long loose spike. Tas. IX.
g. 74.

1. H. zeylanica, Hk. ; rhizome thick, fleshy, creeping ; st. often I ft. 1.; barren
segm. palmato-pinnate, often in three principal divisions, which are stalked and
again forked or pinnate, the ult. divisions linear-oblong, 3-4 in. 1., 3-1 in. br.,
the apex acuminate; the edge slightly toothed ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; fertile
spike solitary, arising from the base of the barren segm., 3-4 in=l., $ in. br., the
firm peduncle about as long as itself.—Hh. 2nd Cent. ¢. 94. G. Ft. 28.
Beddome, t.69. Osmunda, Z. H. dulcis, K7f.

Hab. Himalayas, Cochin and Philippines to Ceylon, New Caledonia, and Queensland.
—Presl makes three species, and published the plant from Mexico by mistake under the
name of Botryopteris mexicana,

Gen. 75. Botrycuium, Sw.

f a
Caps. sessile, arranged in two rows on the face of spikes which form a
compound panicle. Tas. IX. fig. 75.

* Teature thick. Sp. 1-4.

1. B. simplex, Hitch.; st. slender, 1-4 in. 1.; sterile segm. short-stalked,
4-13 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, cut down to a flattened rachis
into 1-8 oblong or obovate pinne on each side, which are toothed or pinnatifid,
with usually their own breadth between them; panicle elongated, 4-14 in. 1.,
with a few distant branches, the lowest sometimes branched again, the peduncle
about as long as itself —Ak. & Gr. ¢. 82. B. Kannenbergii, Kins.

Hab. United States and British North America ; North Europe.

2. B. rutaceum, Sw. ; st. stout, 1-4 in. 1. ; sterile segm. sessile, 1-2 in. 1., ovate-
deltoid, broadest at the base, cut down-to a flattened rachis into several close
obovate-rhomboidal pinne on each side, the lower ones deeply pinnatifid ; fertile
peduncle equalling the sterile segm. when mature ; panicle close, 1-2 in. 1., lan-
ceolate-deltoid, bipinnate.—Newm. Phyt. 5. p.133. B. matricariefolium, A. Br.
Koch—p, B. lanceolatum, Angst. ; st. more slender; pinne linear-lanceolate,
with a space between them, the lower ones sharply toothed, panicle smaller.—
B. palmatum, Presi.

Hab. Scandinavia to Unalaschka ; 6 also in the United States.—Figures of the two
varieties and all the other European forms will be found in a paper by Milde in vol. 26.
pt. 2. of the Nova Acta N.C. Swartz seems to have confused this with the small forms
of species 4. B. crassinervium and boreale, Milde, come very near to the typical form.

3. Lunaria, Sw.; st. stout, 1-4in.1.; sterile segm. sessile or nearly so,
1-3 tes not much broader at the base than the middle, cut down to
a flattened rachis into several distinct, close, entire, or notched cuneato-flabellate
pinne on both sides fertile peduncle equalling or exceeding the sterile segm.

448 75, BOTRYCHIUM. $

ee fully Seyeloped 3 panicle close, 1-2 in, 1 lanceolate-deltoid, bipinnate.—

Hab. Arctic Europe and Iceland to Spain, Italy, Kamschatka, and the Himalayas;
oe Australia, Tasmania, Patagonia, N. W. America, Greenland, Newfoundland,
‘anada, : ee

4, B. ternatum, Sw.; st. 1-2 in. 1: petiole of the sterile segm. 2-4 in. 1., the
latte eee way, deltoid, tri- or ‘aaariphnatind ¢ lower pinne much the
largest, and pinnl. of the lower side larger than the others, oblong or subdeltoid,
stalked, the ult. divisions oblong or obovate, often } in. br., blunt or acute,
slightly toothed ; fertile peduncle 6-9 in. 1., considerably overtopping the sterile
segm.; panicle 1-6 in. 1. deltoid, very compound.—Kunze, ¢. 121. Osmunda,
Thog. Fl. Jap. f. 82. - ; :

Hab. Nootka and Hudson’s Bay territory southward to New Granada, Australia,
‘Tasmania, New Zealand, Lapland, to Siberia, Japan, Pyrenees, and Hungary.—Of this
the European 2. matricarioides, Willd. (B. rutefolium, A. Br. & Koch), and the American
B. lumarioides, Sw. (A. Gray, Man. t. 18), appear to be smaller, and the Australian
B. dustrale, R. Br., and the American B. obliquum, Muhl, and. B. decompositum, M. & G.,
larger and more divided forms, B. silaifolium; Presl, seems algo to belong here. 3B. dis-
sectum, Muhl, is a curious form or variety, thinner in texture than the type, with thd
ultimate divisions acute and sharply inciso-serrate, which occurs both in the United
States and New Zealand.

** Texture thinner. Sp. 5-6.

5. B. daucifolium, Wall. ; st. stout, 6-12 in. 1.; petiole of sterile segm. 1-6 in. 1.,

the latter 6-12 in. each way, deltoid, tripinnatifid or tripinnate, the lower pinne’

much the largest; segm. lanceolate-oblong, 3- in. br., finely toothed; fertile
peduncle about equalling the sterile segm. when mature; panicle 2-4 in: 1,
tripinnate, not very close—Hk..¢ Gr.t.161. B. subcarnosum, Wall, Moore,
Beddome, t. 78. B. subbifoliatum, Brack. t. 44.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Japan, Java, Sandwich and Society Isles —
Distinguished from the next by its much less finely-cut fronds and stalked sterile seg-
ment. The Polynesian ‘and Japanese specimens are forked considerably lower down
than the Indian ones, and Brackenridge’s plate represents a pair of barren segments to
the stem. :

6. B. virginianum, Sw. ; st. 3-18 in. 1.5 sterile segm. sessile, 4-12 in. each way,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnw much the largest ; pinnl. ovate-oblong,
close, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into finely cut linear-oblong segm. ;
both sides naked ; fertile peduncle equalling or overtopping the sterile segm.
when mature, arising from its base ; panicle 1-4 in. 1., lax, oblong, generally not
more than bipinnate—Hk. G. F.t. 29. B. cicutarium, Sw. B, anthemoides,
Presi. B. brachystachys, Kze. B. lanuginosum, Hk. & Gr. t. 79.—6, B.
lanuginosum, Wall. ; surface slightly hairy, fertile peduncle arising from the
centre of the sterile segm., which the panicle scarcely overtops.—Beddome, t. 77.

Hab. Oregon and North United States to Ecuador and Brazil; Norway to Austria,
the Himalayas, and Tsus-Sima ; 8, Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon.—
- The leaf in cutting resembles that of Anthriscus sylvestris,

hears
Sab ei

APPENDIX.

—+

II.—GLEICHENIA. Page 11-15.

7*, G. Norrisii, Mett.; branches of the fr. 1-jugate, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3
ft. 1.; pinne lanceolate, the lower’ distinctly stalked, spreading, 6-9 in. 1., cut
down to a narrow wing into close entire ligulate blunt segm., upper growing
gradually. smaller, reflexed; tezture rigidly subcoriaceous; both surfaces
glabrous, the lower green or glaucous ; veinlets once-forked ; sor¢ medial, 12-20
to a segment.— Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 165.

Hab. Malay Peninsula, Grifith, Sir W. Norris.

13*. G. Bibrew, Mett.; fr. $ ft. L, nearly twice as broad, three times dicho-
tomously forked, indefinite, with buds in the forks, clothed with minute blackish
scales ; ultimate pinne } ft. ]., 1} in. br., deeply pinnatifid ; segm. close, linear,
acute, with revolute edges; texture rigid; surfaces light-green, upper glabrous,
lower slightly scaly on the ribs; sori almost hidden by the revolute borders.—
Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 166.

Hab. Valdivia, Chili, De Bibra.

19*. G. oceanica, Kuhn; fr. above 1 ft. 1., several times dichotomous, flabel-
laté; ult. pinne 4-5 in. 1., deeply pinnatifid ; segm. close, 1 lin. br. ; veinlets
16-18-jugate, simply forked ; rachzses densely clothed with ferruginous lanceo-
late fimbriate scales ; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; lower surface glaucous ; soré
medial.— Fil. Nov. Heb. p. 15.

Hab. Aneiteum and Viti.

19*. G. (Mert.) Wilnei, Baker; fr. ample, with many patent twice-dichoto-
mous horizontal distant side-branches, leafy down to main rachis, end branches
erecto-patent ; final pinne oblong, narrowed to both ends, 6-6 in.1., 18-21 lin.
br. 4 segm. 30-40-jugate, patent, ligulate, blunt, 1 lin. br. ; internodes of main rachis
not leafy, but the nodes furnished with small accessory pinne as in dichotoma ;
texture membranous ; rachises slightly downy ; both surfaces green ; veins 20-25-
jugate, forked ; sporangia 1-3 together, medial.

Hab. Aneiteum, Milne ; Vanecolla, C. Moore.—Between dichotoma and flagellaris.

23. G. dichotoma, var. nervosa (Kaulf.) ; fr. composed of only a single pair of
sessile pinne.—M. latissima, Fée ; M. cinnamomea, neglecta, and Beyrichiana,

J. W. Sturm.

Hab, Brazil.
3 L

450 CYATIIEFA.

IV.—CYATHEA. Page 16—27.

4*, C. pubescens, Mett.; rachises castaneous, not muricated ; /r. ample, tripin-
nate ; pinne oblong, 2-8 ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; segm, 1-1} lin.
br., falcate, blunt, denticulate ; veinlets very close, raised, 15-18-jugate, forked ;
texture subcoriaceous; upper surface dark-green, glabrous except the midribs,
lower greyer, pubescent; soré costular; inv. truncate, late in breaking up.—
Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 164.

Hab. Jamaica, Purdie, Wilson.—Included in the first edition as a form of arborea,
with which it is connected by Hooker’s var. nigrescens, which has a similar rachis, but
fewer veins and a glabrous under surface.

4*. C. tenera, Griseb.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid; rachises substramineous,
naked, polished ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. subsessile,
lanceolate, 3-3 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. flat, blunt, ligulate,
4 in. br., distinctly inciso-crenate ; ¢eature very thin and membranous; both
sides pale green, with a few obscure hairs on the ribs ; veinlets 6-7-jugate, forked ;
sort medial ; nv. small, fragile, glabrous, cup-shaped or dimidiate.—Alsophila
tenera, J. Smith. Hook. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 49.

Hab. St. Vincent’s, Caley. ,

4*, C. meridensis, Karst.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
1 ft. L, 6-8 in. br., the lower long-stalked ; pénmnl. sessile, lanceolate, 3-84 in. 1.,

in. br., cut down to a narrow wing, lowest stalked ; segm. ligulate, obtuse,
i in. br., faintly toothed ; tecture firm; upper surface glabrous, lower scaly on
the ribs; veinlets 10-12-jugate, forked; sori costular; nv. small, glabrous,
breaking up irregularly.— FV. Columb. 2. p. 161. t. 184.

Hab, Columbia, Merida, 6,000 ft.

4*, C. muricata, Kaulf.; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises -substramineous,
scabrous, slightly muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1., 7-8 in. br.;
pinnl. sessile, lanceolate, cut down to rachis below ; segm. ligulate, flat, in. br.,
crenato-pinnatifid ; texture rigidlysubcoriaceous ; upper surface green, glabrous
beyond the ribs, lower glabrous, but clothed with copious minute scales on the
ribs ; veinlets 8-9-jugate, pinnate in the lower lobes; sord infra-medial ; inv.
fragile, membranous, depressed, often obscure.

Hab. Martinique, Sieber, 374,—Willdenow’s plant of this name is founded on a figure
of Plumier’s, which cannot be safely determined.

5*. C. quindinensis, Karst. ; fr. ample, tripinnate; main rachzs not muricated,
minutely scaly ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14 ft. 1.; pinnd. subsessile, 3-4 in. L.,
Zin. br., cut down to rachis below; segm. 1 lin. br., falcate, entire, the edges
rather revolute; teature moderately firm; upper surface dark green, naked
beyond the ribs, lower glaucous, densely scaly on the ribs; veinlets 9-10-jugate,
the lower once or twice forked ; sori. medial ; inv, glabrous, membranous, breaking
up irregularly. —¥7. Col. 2. p. 151. ¢. 179.

Hab. Andes of Columbia,
7*. C. furfuracea, Baker; fr. ample, tripinnatifid or tripinnate ; rachises
brown-stramineous, slightly muricated, densely hairy above, those of the pinnz
aleaceous ; pinna oblong-lanceolate, short-stalked, 1 ft. or more |. ; pina. close,
eulete, acute#2-3 in. l., 4-2 in. br., eut down below to the rachis or a narrow
wing ; segm. ligulate, blunt, 13 lin. br., subfalcate, inciso-crenate ; texture not
coriaceous ; upper suzface glabrous, except the ribs; lower densely clothed on

CYATHEA, 451
the midrib with ovate acuminate, adpressed, and subulate pale-brown scales ;
veinlets 6-8-jugate, forked ; sori costular; izv. small, glabrous, very fragile. —
C. muricata, Griseb. Flor. Brit. W. Ind. p. 704. excl. syn.

Hab. Jamaica, Bancroft, Purdie,

7*, C. portoricensis, Spreng.; jr. ample, tripinnatifid; rachises purplish,
clothed upwards with linear brown scales; pinnw oblong-acuminate, 1 ft. 1. ;
pinnl. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. close, obtuse, inciso-
crenate ; texture coriaceous; upper surface hairy on the ribs, lower setulose and
paleaceous ; veins lax, forked ; sor? medial ; env. large, reddish, firm, finally
breaking up irregularly.—_Kuhn, Linnea, 36, p. 163.

Hab. Portorico, Balbis,

11*, C. castanea, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; st. and rachises castaneous,
naked ; basal scales lanceolate, dark glossy brown, with a pale edge; pinne
oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft.1., 4 in. br.; pinnl. ligulate acuminate, 3 in. br., cut
down to a narrow wing, many distinctly stalked ; segm. 4 in. br., flat, distinctly
inciso-crenate ; texture rigidly subcoriaceous; upper surface naked, except the
main ribs, lower entirely so; veins 5-6-jugate, lower forked; sorz costular ;
inv. glabrous, persistent, splitting irregularly.

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4723.

12*. C. barbata, Bory; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises substramineous,
minutely muricated, nearly naked; pinne 1 ft.1.,4-5 in. br.; pinni. sessile,
ligulate, 4 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. close, blunt, inciso-crenate,
under 4 in. br.; tegture membranous; upper surface glabrous, except main
ribs ; lower clothed with minute pale ovate-bullate scales on the ribs, both
green ; veins 6-8-jugate, lower forked; sord medial; inv, minute, glabrous,
membranous, fragile—Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 165.

Hab. Guadaloupe, L'Herminier. *

14*. C. straminea, Karst. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
1ft.1, 4in. br.; pennl. ligulate, sessile, 4 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing;
segm. ligulate, obtuse falcate, obscurely toothed ; texture firm ; lower surface
densely paleaceous on the ribs, not pilose ; veins 6-7-jugate, lower forked ; soré
costular ; zmv. glabrous, moderately firm, splitting irregularly.—FV. Columb. 2.
p. 157. t. 182 and 183. fig. 3.

Hab. Andes of Columbia.

16*. C. patens, Karst.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachis densely clothed with
hairs and small scales ; pinn@ 1 ft. or more 1, 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. short-stalked,
ligulate, 3-3 in. br., cut down to a narow wing ; segm. inciso-crenate, 4 in. br.
texture firm; ribs on both sides, especially the lower, crinite and paleaceous
veins 6-8-jugate, most forked ; sori subcostular ; inv. glabrous, breaking irregu-
larly.— FU. Columb. 2. p. 173. ¢. 191. ‘

Hab. Andes of Bogota.—Vestiture of frondosa, but veins fewer, sori larger, and pin-
nules short-stalked.

20*. C. aurea, Klotzsch. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid; rachises substramineous,
minutely fusco-tomentose ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. sessile,
ligulate, 3-4 in. 1., 2-1} in br. ; segm.1}-2 lin. br., falcate, toothed, or subpin-
natifid ; tezture moderately firm ; upper surface glabrous, except the main ribs,
lower slightly pilose, minutely paleaceous on the ribs; veins 10-12-jugate, lower
subpinnate; soré costular; inv. small, tender, glabrous.—Karst. Fl. Columb, 2.
p. 148. t. 178.

Hab. Andes of Columbia.—May be a large subglabrous variety of Schanschin,

452 CYATHEA.

20*. C. boconensis, Karst.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachéses densely clothed
with spreading subulate scales; pinnae oblong -lanceolate, 1 ft. or more L.,
34 ft. br. ; pinnl. ligulate, subsessile, 4 in. br. 5 segm. in. br., distinctly toothed ;
texture moderately firm; ribs below clothed with pale bullate scales ; vedndets
6-8-jugate, most forked; sori medial; iv. fragile, glabrous—J/. Columb, 2.
p. 171. ., 190.

Hab, Andes of Columbia.

33*. C. decrescens, Mett.; yr. ample, tripinnate; rachises dark-stramineous,
densely pilose on the upper side, furnished below with immersed glands ; pinnae
oblong-lanceolate, 8 in. 1., the lower diminished, the lowest dimorphous, with
multifid divisions like those of Hemitelia capensis ; segm. 6-8 lin. 1., 24 lin. br.,
nearly entire, the lower free ; texture chartaceous ; both surfaces, especially the
lower, pilose on the ribs ; sor¢ near the costa ; dv. fragile. membranous.—Kuhn,
Fil. Afr. p. 164.

Hab. Madagascar, Goudot, Boivin.

83%, C, Boivini, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises muricated, with a few
linear scattered brown scales with a pale edge, densely pilose on the upper side ;
pinne oblong-lanceolate ; pinnl. subsessile, cut down to the rachis or a narrow
wing; segm. obtuse or acute, the fertile crenate, soriferous from base to tip;
texture moderately firm, the under side glabrous; veins distinct, forked, or
subpinnate ; sori filling up the space between edge and midrib, 6-10-jugate ;
inv. firm, with a truncate mouth— Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 162.

Hab. Madagascar, Boivin, 1602.

84. Var. C. marattiotdes, Willd. ; lower pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., $-4 in. br., entire,
free and cordate at the base; veins 30-40-jugate.— Hook. Sp. 1. p. 16. Hemi-
telia cordata, Desv. Hook. Sp. 1. p. 83.

Hab. Madagascar.

52*. C. propinqua, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnate; basal scales lanceolate acu-
minate, drab-brown with a pale border, 3-1 in. 1. ; rachises stramineous, naked ;
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-1 ft. 1.5; pennt. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., the
lower short-stalked ; segm. blunt, falcate, crenulate, 2-24 lin. br. 5 texture rigidly
subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green, naked except the ribs; lower paler,
naked, or slightly scaly on the ribs; veins distinct, 6-10-jugate, forked ; soré
medial, middle-sized; inv. persistent, moderately firm, glabrous.—C. affinis,
Brack. non Sw.

Hab. Fiji and Samoa,

52*. C. Brackenridge, Mett. ; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises grey-stramineous,
not muricated, minutely furfuraceous upwards; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
3-2 ft. 1.5 pinnl. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., 3-lin. br.; segm. blunt, falcate, crenate,
2 lin. br. ; texture moderately firm ; upper surface dark-green, pilose on main
ribs ; lower pale-green, glabrous, with scattered white bullate scales on the
ribs; veins 9-10-jugate, forked ; sori medial, small; inv. glabrous, persistent,
subtruncate.—Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. 1. p. 56.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Afilne,

_52*. C, inciso-crenata, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises stramineous $
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more l.; pinnl. lanceolate, sessile, 24-3 in. 1.,
z in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close, ligulate, blunt, conspicuously
inciso-crenate segm. 2 lin, br.; teature rigidly subcoriaceous; surfaces quite

CYATHEA. 453

naked ; veins distant, distinct, 5-6-jugate, lower forked ; soré nearer midrib than
edge; inv. large, glabrous, persistent, breaking up irregularly.

Hab. New Caledonia, Richards.—Midway between propingua and Vieillardit.

53*. C. Moorei, Baker; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachis grey, densely matted
with pale-brown tomentum ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft.1.; pinni. close,
sessile, ligulate acuminate, 4-65 in. L., 4-2 in. br., cut down to rachis into close,
ligulate, falcate, inciso-crenate blunt segm. 1 lin. br. ; teature moderately firm ;
upper surface bright-green, lower glaucous, with deciduous lanceolate scales on
the main ribs; veins 8-12-jugate, distinct, forked ; sori small, medial; inv.
hidden by the sorus, depressed, membranous, fragile, breaking up irregularly,
sometimes quite disappearing.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.—General habit very like that of Alsophila
australis,

54*, C. societarum, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate; main rachis stramineous,
rough, with raised points; pénn@ oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft.1., with naked
rachises ; pinnl. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., ? in. br.; segm. 1 lin. br., entire, falcate,
bluntish ; tezture moderately firm ; both surfaces green, with pilose main ribs ;
veins 10-12-jugate, forked ; sor? medial, filling up the space between edge and
midrib ; énv. large, fragile, glabrous.

Hab. Society Islands, Bidwell.

54*, C. Cumingii, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises stramineous, naked,
densely muricated ; pinne@ oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. lanceolate,
sessile, 4-6 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., cut down to the rachis; segm. close, lanceolate,
4 in. br., entire, acute; texture firm, subcoriaceous ; under surface quite naked ;
veins close, raised, distinct, 14-16-jugate, the lower forked or subpinnate ; sora
filling up the whole space between midrib and edge, sometimes 20 to a segmamt ;
inv. large, glabrous, fragile.—C. affinis, edit. 1. ex parte.

Hab. Coral Island, Beechey ; Pitcairn’s Island, Cuming, Matthews,

55*, C. albifrons, Vieill. ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachis naked, grey-stramineous,
not muricated ; pinne oblong, 12-18 in. 1.; pinnd, crowded, ligulate, cut down
to the rachis, 3-4in. ]., Lin. br., the lower distinctly stalked ; segm. ligulate,
blunt, 4 in. br., distinctly crenate; tevture rigidly coriaceous; both sides
glabrous, lower white ; veilefs 8-9-jugate, with a sorus to each; soré nearer
edge than midrib, moderately large; xv. glabrous, membranous, bursting
irregularly.

Hab. New Caledonia, Pancher, Richards.

55*. C. sclerolepis, Baker ; fr. rhomboid, tripinnate, 2-8 ft. 1.; st. grey-stra-
mineous, muricated; basal scales linear-subulate, brown-black, shining, very
firm ; central pinn@ under 1 ft. 1., lowest much reduced ; pinnl. sessile, 14-2 in.
1, 4-Zin. br., cut down to rachis ; segm. 3 in. br., blunt, entire, falcate ; texture
moderately firm ; both surfaces green, glabrous except the ribs above ; veinlets
5-6-jugate, forked ; sori small, medial; ¢nv, glabrous, membranous.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard. May be the C. funebris of gardens, which I have only
been able to see in a very young state.

55*. C. interjecta, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises grey, naked, slightly
muricated ; pinne oblong-deltoid, above 2 ft.1, 1 ft, br.; pinnd. long-stalked,
lanceolate caudate, 5-6 in.1., 18-21 lin. br.; segm. ligulate, blunt, 2-24 lin. br.,
lower 3-4 lines apart, sometimes stalked and lobed to the rachis down at the base,

454 HEMITELIA.

upper adnate crenate; texture rigidly coriaceous ; both surfaces naked, green ;
veins 8-9-jugate, distant, distinct, forked; soré large, filling up nearly the whole
space between costa and inflexed edge; inv. 3-1 lin, br., deep, membranous,
persistent, breaking up irregularly.

Hab. New Caledonia, Richards.

55*. C. Lenormandi, Vieill.; fr. ample, tripinuate; rachises brown-stra-
mineous, naked, rough, with raised points ; pinne oblong, 1 ft. 1. ; pinml. crowded,
lanceolate, 22-3 in. 1, 2in. br., cut down to rachis or a narrow wing, the lower
distinctly stalked ; segm. ligulate, obtuse, subentire, 4 in. br.; teature rigidly
coriaceous; surfaces naked, the lower glaucous or green; veins 5-6-jugate,
forked ; sori large, filling up the fertile segm., except the very tip; énv. mem-
branous, glabrous, bursting irregularly.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2249.—Resembles closely Dicksonia Bertei oana in
texture and general habit. fe

V.—HEMITELIA. Page 27—29.

3, Var. H. Kloteschii, Karst. ; pinnce 2}-3 in. br. ; lobes close, shallow, blunt,
Lin. br. ; veins 5-6-jugate.—Liting. Farrn, t. 158, 7g. 18.

Hab, Columbia.

9*, H. venosa, Reich. fil. ; fr. bipinnate ; rachis clothed with ovate-lanceolate
scales ; pinn@ subsessile, ligulate, acuminate, 4 ft. J., 14 in. br., cut down to rachis
below into close, spreading, oblong blunt lobes ; dower veinlets once or twice forked ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori medial, mostly uniseriate, rarely incompletely bise-
riate ; inv, dimidiate, firm, entire—Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 161.

Hab. Caracas, Appun.

14*. H. rufescens, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachzses pale-brown, those of
the pinne furfuraceous beneath ; basal scales dense, membranous, linear-subulate,
2-lin. L, pale-brown with a whitish border ; pinne oblong-deltoid, 12-15 in. 1. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, short-stalked, 3-4 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., the lower shorter, deflexed ;
segm. adnate lanceolate, acute, lower not close, 13-2 lin. br., inciso-crenulate ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides green, the lower slightly scaly on the ribs ; vein-
lets 10-12-jugate ; sort large, filling the segments except the tip; inv, minute,
hidden by the dense paraphyses.— Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 159.

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4727.

15*. H. Lindigii, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachis stramineous, smooth,
naked ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 13-2.ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, ligulate, 3-4 in. 1., 2 in.
br., cut down to a broad wing; segm. blunt, close, 2 lin. br., distinctly toothed ;
texture rigidly coriaceous ; both sides green, naked ; veins 6-8-jugate, forked above
the middle ; sod medial, small ; cmv. minute, obscure, depressed, glabrous.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, Lindig, 310.

15*. H. nigricans, Presl ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; st. grey-stramineous, muri-
cated ; basal scales lanceolate, castaneous ; rachises grey, slightly pilose below ;
pinne lanceolate, 12-15 in. 1., Bin. br.; pinnl. ligulate, 14-2 in. 1, -4 in. br.,~
cut down to a broad wing, lowest short-stalked ; segm. 4 in. br., close, blunt, dis-
tinctly toothed ; ¢extwre moderately firm ; both sides green, the lower obscurely
pilose on the main ribs ; veins 4-5-jugate, lower only forked ; sori small, medial ;
anv. distinct, half-cupshaped, glabrous.—H. obscura, Met. Karst. Fl, Columb.
2. ¢. 197. fig. 2.

WEMITELIA. 455

Hab. Guatemala to Peru.—Remarkable for a distinct narrow wing connecting many
of the upper pinnules. Seemann, 1120, from Veraguas, is glabrous except the ribs
above.

15*. H. costaricensis, Mett. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; basal scales broad, brown,
with pale edges ; rachises reddish-stramineous, remotely muricated ; pinne lan-
ceolate ; pinnl, sessile, ligulate, cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. oblong, sub-
falcate, acute, serrulate ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface sparsely bristly on
the ribs ; veins close, forked low down ; sovz subcostular, 5-7 on a side ; inv. dimi-
diate, distinct.—_Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 159.

Hab. Costa Rica and Panama.

15*. H. andina, Karst. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises brown-stramineous,
naked, not muricated ; pénn@ oblong-lanceolate, 14-12 ft. 1.; pénni. ligulate,
3-35 in. L, 3-J in. br., cut down to a broad wing, the lower stalked ; segm. flat,
close, 2 lin. br., faleate denticulate ; tezture subcoriaceous ; both sides green,
naked ; veins 7-8-jugate, forked near the tip ; sor? small, submarginal ; inv. dis-
tinct, dimidiate, glabrous. —£/. Columb. 2. p. 183. t. 197. fig. 1.

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Karsten, Lindig, 355.

15*. H. setosa, Mett. ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; st. short, grey, muricated ; basal
scales dark-brown, linear-subulate ; rachises grey-stramineous, naked, smooth ;
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1., the lower diminished, the lowest dimorphous,
with pinnated subulate segments ; pivnl. ligulate, 3-4 in. 1., 3-% in. br., cut down
to rachis below ; segm. } in. br., bluntish, falcate, the barren close, the fertile nar-
rower, crenulate, with a space between ; texture moderately firm ; both sides green,
glabrous ; veins 8-10-jugate, forked ; sori costular ; inv. small, depressed, glabrous.
—Alsophila setosa, Kaulf. Hook. Sp. 1. p. 46. Cyathea Beyrichiana, Pres?.
Hook. Sp.1.p. 21. Ie, t. 628, Syn. edit. 1. p. 19.

Hab. Brazil,

16*. H. decipiens, Scott; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises grey, muricated,
naked beneath ; penne oblong- lanceolate, 14-2 ft.1.; pinnl. lanceolate, subsessile,
4-5 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., cut down to the rachis or a narrow wing; segm. not close,
llin. br., faleate, acute, denticulate, rarely crenato-pinnatifid ; texture subcori-
aceous ; upper surface dark-green, hairy on the ribs only, lower with copious
pale lanceolate scales on the ribs ; veivs 10-12-jugate, deeply forked ; sori small,
costular ; inv. fragile, half-cupshaped, irregular, glabrous.—Alsophila decipiens,
Scott. Bedd. Ferns. Brit. Ind. t.°311.

Hab. Sikkim, Scott,—Habit of Alsophila latebrosa.

18*, H. tahitensis, Baker; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises rufo-tomentose,
above scarcely muricated ; pinne@ lanceolate, 1 ft. or more l. ; pinnl. sessile, ligu-
late, 2-3 in. 1. ; segm. close, obtuse, obscurely crenulate, 1 lin. br.; teatwre subco-
tiaceous ; upper surface densely pilose on the ribs, lowér with minute adpressed
rusty lacerated scales on the ribs; veins 7-8-jugate, forked ; sor2 costular ; inv.
half-cupshaped, firm, glabrous, entire——Alsophila, Brack. t. 40. fig. 2. Syn.
edit. 1. p.40. H. Durvillei, Mett, Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 160.

Hab. Society Islands.

18*, H. Moorei, Baker; fr. ample, 4-pinnatifid ; rachises dull-brown, furfu-
raceous beneath, not muricated; pinne oblong, 3-1 ft.1.; pinnl. sessile, imbri-
cated, lanceolate, 25-83 in. 1., 3-§ in. br. ; segm. close, ligulate, 4 in. br., blunt,
cuneate at base, deeply pinnatifid, with small deltoid ascending subacute lobes ;
texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green, glabrous except the ribs, lower
paler, not at all pilose, clothed on the ribs with adpressed small broad white

456 ALSOPIILA.

scales; vetns 8-10-jugate, pinnate in the lobes; soré minute, subcostular ; inv.
small, membranous, depressed, glabrous.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.

19*, H. Melleri, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachéses brown-stramineous,
glossy, naked ; pinnw oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft. 1.; pinni. sessile, close, 23-3
in. 1, 2 in. br., cut down to the rachis ; segm. ligulate, blunt, denticulate, 3 in. br.;
texture moderately firm ; both sédes green, naked, except the ribs above; veins
9-10-jugate, forked, distinct ; soré minute, subcostular; inv. depressed, mem-
branous, glabrous, .

Hab. Madagascar, Dr, Meller.—Very near H. Junghuhniana, but not so firm in tex-
ture, with broader distinct segments, and a more conspicuous involucre.

VI—ALSOPHILA. Page 33—45.

3*. A. bipinnatifida, Baker ; st. short, slender, castaneous, naked, smooth;
rachis naked below ; fr. 2-8 ft. 1., oblong, bipinnatifid, narrowed from the middle
gradually to both ends ; central pimne short-stalked, ligulate, 4-5 in. 1., # in. br.,
cut down to a narrow wing into close blunt ligulate subentire lobes, 2 lin. br.,
lower 2-3 in. 1., deflexed ; teature membranous ; both sides green, especially the
upper, bristly on the ribs, not scaly ; veins 8-9-jugate, distinct, forked ; sort
minute, placed at the fork nearer the midrib than the edge.

Hab. British Guiana, Appun, 1(32.

4", A. Glaziovii, Baker ; fr. ample, bipinnate ; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 1-12
ft. 1.5 pinnl. 12-15-jugate, distinctly stalked, ligulate, 2-24 in. 1. 6-7 lin. br.,
inciso-crenulate ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veins distinct, 3-4
in the central groups; soré in a single row, a short distance from the midrib.—
Fi, Bras. fase. 49. p. 592.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 3582.

5*, A. sagitifolia, Hk.; fr. oblong-deltoid, 4-6 ft. 1., bipinnate ; rachéses stra-
mineous, muricated, with a few adpressed pale scales beneath ; pinn@ lanceolate,
#-1 ft. 1., the lower shorter, deflexed ; pinml. sessile, ligulate, crenulate, cordate
on both sides at the base, 1-13 in. 1, under 2 in. br.; teature rigidly coriaceous ;
both sides green and glabrous, the lower with a few minute broad white scales
on the ribs ; veins 3-5 to a group ; soré large, irregularly uniserial, midway between
the edge and midrib of the pinnules.

Hab. Trinidad, Cruger, Prestoe.

5*, A. pterorachis, Baker ; fr. deltoid, bipinnate, 1 yd. 1. ; st. and rachis grey-
stramineous, smooth, glabrous ; basal scales lanceolate, brown, with a pale border ;
lower pinne stalked, lanceolate, 5-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br. ; pénnl. close, ligulate-
oblong, under in. br., inciso-lobate, the lowest free, many central cuneate at
base, connected by a narrow wing ; texture membranous; both sides bright-
green, glabrous, the lower with a few minute broad white scales on the ribs;
veins in pinnated groups, with 2-3-jugate veinlets to each lobe; sori minute, irre-
gularly 1-2-serial, midway between the edge and midrib of the pinnules.

Hab. Tarapoto, East Peru, Spruce, 4717.
6*, A. paucifolia, Baker ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., oblong, bipinnate; sf. 2 ft., black;

basal scales lanceolate, black, with a brown edge; rachis black, naked on the
under side ; pinnee sessile, central 6-7 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to rachis, lower

ALSOPHILA. 457

reduced ; segm. ligulate, subacute, faleate, denticulate, }-} in. br., adnate at base ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides green, naked except the ribs above ; reins 14-15-
Jugate, distinct, deeply forked ; sori few, costular.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce,—Caudex 3 feet high, an inch thick, subflexuose.

11*. A. pilosissima, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises dull-brown, not
muricated, densely clothed with firm spreading grey hairs ; pinne oblong-lan-
ceolate, 1-13 ft. 1. ; pinnl. close, sessile, ligulate, 23-3 in. 1., $-2 in. br., cut down to
a Darrow wing ; segm. close, blunt, subfaleate, } in. br., inciso-dentate, the edge
of the fertile ones recurved ; ferture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces bright-green,
densely pilose, the lower with a few broad minute whitish scales on the ribs ;
veins 7-8-jugate, very distinct, the lowest forked at the tip ; sori large, medial.

Hab. Mount Campana, East Peru, Spruce, 4322.

12*. A. pungens, Kaulf.; /r. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachis grey, naked ; pinne
oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1. ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, 3-33 in. ]., 3-2 in. br.,
sessile, cut down to a distinct wing ; segm. blunt, falcate, subentire, 2 lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides bright-green, naked ; veins 7-8-jugate, simple,
distinct ; sori minute, medial.—Baker, Fl. Bras. fase. 49. p. 323.

Hab. British Guiana,

12*. A. gibbosa, Klotzsch ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises brown or substra-
mineous, glabrous beneath ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1.; pinn/. long-
stalked, articulated at the base, ligulate, 1-5 in. ]., 1 in. br., cut down to a broad
wing ; segm. close, faleate, blunt or subacute, serrulate, 23-3 lin. br.; tezture
rigidly subcoriaceous ; lower surface naked, upper dull-green, naked except the
ribs ; veins 8-9-jugate, forked at the middle; sori small, medial.—Baker, F7.
Bras. faze. 49. p. 326.

Hab. British Guiana, Richd. Schomburgk, 1124; Appun, 1052. East Peru, Spruce,
4331.

14%. A. Wendlandi, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises dull-brown, not
muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate ; pinnl. sessile or short-stalked, ligulate, cut
down to a narrow wing ; segm. close, blunt, inciso-crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
lower surface glabrous, with scattered ovate brown scales on the ribs; reins
distinct, forked ; sor? near the midrib, mixed with dense much-branched para-
physes.— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 158.

Hab. Costa Rica, Wendland, 761.

15. A. infesta, var. 8; A. lasiosora, Mett. ; pinni. stalked ; recep. more densely
paraphysate.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 157. y, A. alutacea, Kze.; pinnl. 1 in. or
more br.; segm. larger, distinctly toothed ; lower veins subpinnate. A. c:
Karst. Fl. Columb. 2.%.199. 6, A. phalerata, Mart. ; segm. 2 lin. br., close, blunt,
entire ; sori larger, confined to the lower veins.—Crypt. Bras. t. 42. Hk. Sp.1.
p. 42. A. Blanchetiana, Presi,

Hab. Andes and Brazil.

15%, A. caracasana, Klotzsch ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises stramineous;
glabrous below, the main one muricated ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. L. ;
pinni. ligulate, nearly sessile, 3-4 in. ]., 2-1 in. br. ; segm. blunt, close, denticulate,
2-3 lin. br. ; texture moderately thick, not coriaceous ; both sides bright-green,
naked ; veins 7-8-jugate, deeply forked ; soré subcostular.

Hab. Andes of Columbia,
3M

458 ALSOPHILA.

16*. A. preecincta, Kunze ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid; rachéses dull-brown,
glabrous, smooth ; pinnew oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft. 1.; pénnl. lanceolate, dis-
tinctly stalked, 3-4 in.1., 2-lin. br., cut down to a broad wing ; segm. blunt, close,
subfalcate, crenulate, 2-3 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides bright-green,
naked ; veins 7-8-jugate, those of the fertile segments simple, of the barren forked ;
sort minute, marginal Baker, Fl. Bras. fase. p. 824. t. 54.

Hab. Bahia, Blanchet.

16*, A. oblonga, Klotzsch ; 7v. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachéses grey, naked and
smooth below ; pinne lanceolate, 1-13 ft. 1. ; pinni. close, sessile, ligulate, 14-2
in. L, 4-2 in. br., cut down to a distinct wing ; segm. close, ligulate, blunt, entire,
4 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides green, glabrous except ribs above ;
veins 4-6-jugate, simple; sor¢ minute, medial.— Baker, Fl. Bras. fasc. 49.
Pp. 823.

Hab. British Guiana, Rich, Schomburgk, 1125 ; Appun, 174.

16*, A. floribunda, Hook. MSS.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises strami-
neous, clothed with minute firm raised scales on the lower side; pinne lan-
ceolate, 12-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. ligulate, blunt, sessile, 3 in. br., cut 3-4-
way down into close blunt subentire segm. under + in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ;
upper surface bright-green, naked, lower paler, glabrous, with dense minute pale
bullate scales on the ribs ; veins 4-5-jugate, simple ; sor? minute, medial.

Hab. Mount Campana, East Peru, Spruce, 4715.

16*. A. falcata, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises grey-stramineous,
glabrous below, smooth ; penne lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1., 3-35 in. br. 5; pinnl, lan-
ceolate, sessile, falcate, $ in. br., cut about halfway down into close denticulate
blunt segm. scarcely } in. br. ; teature moderately firm; both surfaces glabrous,
and without seales ; veins simple, 3-jugate ; sor? minute, lower in lobe medial,
upper subcostular.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 155.

Hab. Island of Gorgona, Seemann.

17*, A. Schlimit, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnate 5 rachises pale-brown, densely
pilose, and clothed with large linear-subulate brown scales ; pinne oblong-lan-
ceolate, 13-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. sessile, ligulate, 3-4 in. L, 2-1 in. br., cut down to the
rachis or a narrow wing ; segm. close, falcate, ligulate, denticulate, 1-1} lin. br.;
texture subcoriaceous ; vibs on both sides densely pilose, and the rest of the surface
slightly so ; veins 9-12-jugate, forked ; soré costular, filling up nearly the whole
of the fertile segments except the tip ; recep. densely pilose—Kuhn, Linn. 36.

p. 157.

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Schlim, 223 ; Lindig, 254.—Midway between elongata and
paleolata. ;

88*, A. Macgillivrayi, Baker; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises substrami-
neous, smooth, and glabrous beneath; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in. 1;
pinnl. lanceolate, distinctly stalked, cut down to a narrow wing, 24-3 in. ]., $-
in, br. ; segm. 14-2 lin. br., close, blunt, subfalcate, denticulate ; texture subco-
riaceous ; both sides green, glabrous, the lower with a few minute broad pale
for the ribs; veins 9-10-jugate, forked above the middle; sor? minute,
medial.

Hab. Louisiade Archipelago, Macgillivray.

44", A. Loddigesii, Kze. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises pale-brown, glossy,
* glabrous, muricated ; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 2-1 ft. 1; pénnt. close, sessile,

ALSOPHILA, 459

ligulate-lanceolate, 22-3 in. 1., 3-3 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing ; segm.
2 lin. br., oblong, subacute, entire ; fexture moderately firm; both sides green,
glabrous, the ribs below with a few lancevlate small scales ; veins 6-{-jugate, dis-
tinet, forked ; sori small, medial ; recep. pilose.

Hab. Cape Byron, New South Wales, C. Moore-—Perhaps a variety of australis, from
which it differs by its shorter, broader segments and fewer veins.

45%. A. Robertsiana, F. Muell.; fr. ample, 4-pinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lan-
ceolate, 1-13 ft. 1, 46 in. br.; pinni. close, sessile, lanceolate, 2-3 in. L, 3-7
in. br., with a very narrow distinct wing all down the rachis ; segm. close, ligu-
late-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with close lanceolate-falcate subacute lobes ; texture
not coriaceous ; rachises and both sides, especially the lower, finely pubescent
all over ; reins 9-10-jugate, forked or subpinnate in the lobes ; sori minute,
crowded, filling up nearly the whole of the fertile divisions.—rag. 5. p. 54.

Hab. Queensland.—Very distinet.

46*, A. Cooperi, Hk.; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises stramineous, muri-
cated, glabrous beneath ; basal scales large, linear, pale, spreading, mixed with
firm dark-brown linear-subulate, both ciliato-dentate ; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
1}-2 &. 1; pinni. ligulate, 4-5 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., lowest long-stalked ; segm. ligulate,
blunt, toothed or pinnatifid, 13-23 lin. br. ; texture moderately firm ; both sides
bright-green, nearly naked ; ves 10-12-jugate, forked or pinnate, distinct ; sori
small, subcostular ; recep. densely paraphysate.

Hab. Queensland and New South Wales.—We are indebted to Dr. David Moure f:r
material for separating this as a species.

47*. A. concinna, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises smooth, stramineous,
glabrous ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14 ft. 1. ; pinni. ligulate, close, short-stalked,
23-3 in. 1., 33 in. br. ; segm. ligulate, blunt, not close, ] lin. br., denticulate;
teature moderately firm ; both sides bright-green, glabrous, the lower slightly
furfuraceous on the main ribs; veins distinct, 10-12-jugate, forked ; sori filling
up the whole of the fertile segments except the tip.

Hab. Louisiade Archipelago, Macgillicray,—Resembles closely the American A. ferox
in cutting and texture.

58. A. glabra, var. A. Metteniana, Hance ; recep. densely paraphysate.—Scen.
Journ. 1868. p. 176.

Hab. China, De Grijs, communicated by Dr. Hance.

597. A. Wallacei, Mett. ; /r. ample, iripinnatifid ; rachises stramineous, densely
pubescent ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in. 1.; pinnl. liguiate, distinctly
stalked, 13-2 in. L, 2 in. br., cat down to a narrow wing; segm. close, ligulate,
blunt, obscurely toothed, 1 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides green, the
lower densely pilose, with a few bullate scales on the ribs; ceins 4-5-jugate,
simple ; soré costular— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 152.

Hab. Borneo, Wallace.

59%, A. Andersons, Scott ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises dark-castaneous,
naked, beneath rough, with raised points; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1. ;
pinnl. lanceolate-ligulate, subsessile, cut down to a narrow wing or the rachis,
4.6 in. ]., 3-1 in. br. ; segm. close, lanceolate, bluntish, 14-2 lin. br., distinctly
toothed ; texture thin, but firm ; both sides green, with the ribs, especially below,
densely bristly, not at all sealy ; rein/e@s 9-10-jugate, forked ; sori minute, infra-
medial.—Bedd. Fern. Brit, Ind. t. 310,

1

460 ALSOPHILA.

Hab, Sikkim, 1,000-2,500 ft.—Very distinct. A series of very fine figures of this
and the other Sikkim tree-ferns will shortly be published by Mr. Scott in Linnazan
Transactions,

59*, A. Scottiana, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; rachises castaneous, naked
and smooth beneath ; pinn@ oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. sessile, 3-4
in. L, 4-8 in. br., ligulate, cut down to a narrow wing or the rachis ; segm. ligu-
late, blunt, dentate, subfaleate, under 4 in. br. ; texture moderately firm ; both
sides green, without hairs or scales; veins 6-7-jugate, simple, distinct ; sor¢ sub-
costular ; recept. naked.—Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 699, cum icone. A. comosa,
Scott, non Hook.

Hab. East Himalayas and Martaban.—Habit of latebrosa, from which it differs in veins
and absence of scales on ribs below.

59*. A. ornata, Scott; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises castaneous, smooth,
naked beneath ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. sessile, lanceolate,
3-4 in. 1, 2-1 in. br. ; segm. close, ligulate, blunt, denticulate, 1 lin. br. ; teature
moderately firm ; both sides green, without scales or hairs; veins 8-12-jugate,
forked ; sori minute, subcostular ; recept, naked.— Bedd, Fern. Brit. Ind, t. 342.

Hab. Sikkim.

65*, A. Boivini, Mett.; fr. ample, tripinnate; rachises castaneous ; pinne
oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnl. lanceolate, short-stalked, 3-4 in. L, 2-1
in. br. ; segm. oblong, obtuse, inciso-crenate, lowest free, short-stalked, central
cuneate at base ; ¢eatwre membranous ; both sides green, the lower with a few
pale bullate scales on the ribs; veins 6-8-jugate, subpinnate ; sor? minute, sub-
costular.—Kuhn, Ful, Afr. p 161.

Hab. Isle of Mayotte, Boivin.

Z

X.—HYPODERRIS. Page 46.

2. H. Seemanni, Prentice ; rhizome short, woody ; st. 6-12 in., with only a
few scales near the base; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 13 ft. 1., 6-7 in. br., pinnatifid
to a narrowly-winged rachis in the lower part, ligulate and sinuate-pinnatifid in
the upper third; pinne few, distant, lanceolate ; feature membranous; both
sides glabrous ; soré scattered in an irregular line, principally near the edge of
the pinnes.—Seem. Journ, 1869. p. 240. H. marginalis and adnata? Fourn. Bot.
Zeit. 1878. p. 8-9.

‘Hab. Nicaragua, Seemann, 206, Levy.

XITIL—DICKSONIA. Page 49—54.

3. D. Mensziesti, var. pruinata, Baker; under: surface glaucous; lobes of
pinnl, denticulate.—Cibotium pruinatum, Mett. Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 150.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Brackenridge, Hillebrand.

5*. D. Wendlandi, Baker; arborescent; fr. oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
rachises stramineous, pilose ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. L, 4-Gin. br. ; pinnl,
sessile, linear, # in. br. cut down to a narrow wing ; segm. close, lanceolate-
acute, falcate, dertticulate, 1 lin. br.; teatwre subcoriaceous ; under surface
pilose all over, not glaucous ; venules forked ; soré close, parallel with edge, 4-8
to a segment ; valves equal, hemispherical.—Cibotium Wendlandi, Met. Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 151. C. spectabile, Hort. 2

Hab, Guatemala, Skinner, Wendland,

DICKSONIA. 461

3*. D. guatemalensis, Baker; arborescent; fr. oblong-deltoid, tripinnate;
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 2 ft. or more ]., 10-12 in. br.; pinn/, linear-acuminate,
3-2-in br. ; segm. close, lanceolate, falcate, denticulate, 1 lin. br.; ¢eture sub-
coriaceous ; under surface glaucous,- the ribs thinly pilose ; lower renules sub-
pinnate ; sor? minute, 8-10 to largest segments, imbricated, placed obliquely
with the edge; valves of inv. equal, hemispherical.—Cibotium guatemalense,
Reich. fil. Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 152.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin 4 Godman, Wendland.

5*. D. regalis, Baker ; arborescent; fr. oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ; rachises
calvate; pznne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1., 10-12 in. br.; pinnl. sessile,
1-1} in br., cut down to rachis or a narrow wing ; segm. close, lanceolate-falcate,
inciso-pinnatifid, 2 lin. br. ; tezture subcoriaceous ; under side glabrous, slightly
glaucous; venules pinnate in the lobes; sori 10-12 to a segment, close, parallel
ye a aie 5 anv. with inner valve overtopping the outer.—Cibotium regale,

ort. Linden.

Hab. Mexico.

7*. D. fibrosa, Colenso ; arborescent 5 st. very short ; scales dense, fibrillose,
bright-brown ; fr. rhomboid, tripinnate, 3-4 ft. I. ; rachises grey, densely pilose ;
central pinne lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, linear, 1-14 in. 1., 3-2 in. br. 5
segm. crowded, deltoid, falcate, acute, toothed, fertile deeply pinnatiiid ; texture
coriaceous ; under surface more or less pilose ; sori 4-6 to largest segment, much
gual than in antarctica.—Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 68. t. 23.B. D. intermedia,

‘olenso.

Hab. New Zealand.

7*. D. lanata, Colenso ; caudex low; st. 1 ft. or more 1.; basal scales very
dense, fibrillose, dark-purple; jr. rhomboid tripinnate, 3-4 ft. 1; rachéses
stramineous, glossy, naked ; central pinnae sblong-lanceolate, 2-1 ft.1.; pinnl.
lanceolate, stalked, 14-3 in. ]., 3-3 in. br.; barren segm. ligulate-oblong, den-
ticulate, 14-2 lin. br., lowest often free ; texture more rigid than antarctica ; both
sides glabrous ; sori crowded, 6-12 to largest segment, filling up the whole of it
except the midrib. H#. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 69. t. 23. C.D. levis, Heward.

Hab. New Zealand.

9. D. Sellowiana, var. 8, Karsteniana (Klotzsch) ; pinni. broader than in the
Brazilian plant (4-3 in.), and sori rather larger.— Karst. F1. Columb. t. 194.
D. gigantea, Karst. t.193. y, Spruceana (Mett.); pinn/. still broader (1 in.),
narrowed gradually from the base to an acuminate point ; sori larger (2 line
broad), distant.—D. Spruceana, Mez. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 158.

Hab. 8, Guatemala and Andes of Columbia. y, Tarapoto, East Peru, Spruce, 4728.

10*. D. Youngiw, C. Moore; arborescent ; st. 6-9 in. ]., castaneous, densely
clothed with firm bristly scales, }-} in. 1. ; fr. oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinne
oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. 1, 5-6 in. br.; pinnd. subsessile, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1.,

1 in. br. ; segm. lanceolate, close, 2 lin. br., sterile toothed, fertile deeply inciso-
pinnatifid ; tezture rigidly coriaceous ; both sides green, the ribs below slightly
pilose; sori 6-8 to lower segments, ? lin. br.; valves of inv. round, hard,
glabrous.

Hab. New South Wales.—About eight pinnules to lowest half-foot of a well-grown
pinna.

‘

462 DICKSONIA.

11*, D. Deplancheé, Vieill.; arborescent; fr. ample, tripinnate ; vachises
grey-brown, asperous ; central pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1-15 ft. L, 5-6 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, nearly sessile, 2-1 in. br. ; barren segm. close, ligulate-oblong,
inciso-crenate, or lowest subpinnatifid, 2-24 lin. br., fertile consisting of 6-10
sori, and tip and midrib ; teatwre rigidly coriaceous ; both sédes green, glabrous ;
valves of inv. round, rigid.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2248, Deplanche.

11*. D. Brackenridgei, Mett.; arborescent; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises
naked, grey-stramineous ; central pinna@ oblong-lanceolate, 12-165 in. L, 6-7 in.
br. ; pinni. sessile, lanceolate, #-1 in. br. ; barren segm. lanceolate, close, denti-
culate, falcate, 2-24 lin, br., fertile ligulate, consisting only of 8-10 spaced -sori,
% lin. br., and the rachis and tip; teature rigidly subcoriaceous ;. both sides:
green, glabrous ; valves of énv,..round, rigid.— Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4..v0l..15, p 81.
D. Berteroana, Brack.

Hab. Fiji and Samoa.—Caudex 15 feet. Fronds in most of our specimens with fertile
and barren pinnules mixed together in the same pinnae.

11*. D. thyrsopteroides, Mett.; arborescent ; jr. ample, rhomboid, tripinna-
tifid; central pimne oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in. 1., 4-5 in. br.; pinnl. close,
ascending, ligulate, sessile, 4-in. br., cut down to anarrow wing ; barren segm.
close, ligulate-oblong, dentate, fertile reduced to rachis, and 6-8 close sori,
4 lin. br. 5 texture rigidly coriaceous ; both sides green, glabrous ; valves of inv.
firm, round.—Amn. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vol. 15: p. 81. D. macrosora, Veil,

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1634, 2209.—Caudex 24-30 feet.

19. D. cicularia, var. B, incisa, Baker ; more ag ei than the type, with
inciso-dentate, lower 4-nary segments.—D. incisa, Fée, Fil. Ant. t. 25, fig. 1.
Dennsteedtia D’Orbignyana, Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 146.

Hab. Tropical America,

19*. D. Henriette, Baker; fr. deltoid, 4-pinnate ; rachises stramineous,
naked; pinne deltoid, 7-8 in. 1,; pind. deltoid, distinctly stalked, reduced
on lower side and cuneate-truncate at base; segm. deltoid; stalked, cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base, cut down to rachis into oblong blunt toothed
lobes with a cuneate base; ¢ezture moderately firm ; both sides bright-green,
glabrous ; venules distant, erecto-patent ; soz hemispherical, placed on upper
side of ultimate segments.

Hab. Antanativo, Madagascar, Miss H. Baker —Most like D. cicutarta, var. incisa,
but pinne and pinnules much fewer, and diminishing rapidly in size up the -rachises,

24*. D, cuneata, Hk.; fr. ample, subdeltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; rachéses stramineous,
naked ; pinne lanceolate, 3-1 ft. 1.3 pinnt. close, short-stalked, lanceolate,
#-4 in. br.; segm. oblong-rhomboid, 1-2 lin. br., inciso-pinnatifid, cuneate at
base, sessile, more cut away on lower side; tevture moderately firm ; both sides
green, glabrous; veins subflabellate ; sor? at.base of ultimate sinuses ; ¢uv. cup-
shaped, glabrous-—Z&. Sp. 1. p. 80. t. 28. C.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming. .

25*, D. samoensis, Baker ; fr. ample, 4-pinnatifid ; rachises thinly’ pilose;
lower pinna@ 1 ft. or more l., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. and. segm. glow: lan-
ceolate-deltoid, distinctly stalked, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base;
4-nary lobes close, oblong, blunt, 3-1 lin. br., crenato-pinnatifid ; texture mem-
branous ; ribs beneath hairy ; sore minute, placed at base-of ultimate sinuses ;
valves of inv. equal, hemispherical, glabrous, —Sitolobium samoense, Brack.
Fil. Amer, Exp.p. 274. t. 38. fig. 1.

Hab. Samoa, Brackenridge.

DEPARIA. 463

XIV.—DEPARIA. Page 55,

2*. D. producta, Baker; fr. ample, tripinnate ; rachises grey, naked; pinne
oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pénnl. lanceolate, 3-5 in. 1, 3-1 in. br.; segm.
sessile, quadrangular, twice as long as broad, inciso-pinnatifid, the barren lobes
broad, blunt, the fertile linear or lanceolate ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; sori cup-shaped, terminating the long fertile lobes and much broader
than their tips.—Dennsteedtia, Mett. Fi, Nov. Gran. p. 260.

Hab, Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 383.—Habit of Dicksonia cieutaria,

2*. D. nephrodiojdes, Baker ; fr. subdeltoid, quadripinnate, 14-2 ft. 1. ; rachises
stramineous, naked beneath ; penne deltoid, lowest largest, long-stalked, under
1 ft. 1. ; pinnl, deltoid, close-stalked, reduced on lower side and cuneate at base ;
tertiary segm. oblique, deltoid or lanceolate, cut down to a narrow wing into
oblique, oblong, blunt, inciso-pinnatifid lobes, } in. 1. ; tewture moderately firm ;
both sides bright-green, glabrous ; venules free, erecto-patent ; sor? minute, one on
the anterior edge of each final lobe. —Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 253.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.

XVI.—_HYMENOPHYLLUM. Page 56—71.

8*. H. microphyllum, Mett.; rhizome thread-like; st. 3-4 lin., filiform; /*.
4-3 in., oblong, 2-3-pinnatifid ; main rachis winged nearly or quite to the base ;
pinne crowded, secund, deltoid, with ligulate entire upper divisions, and 2-3-fid
lower ones under 4 lin. br. ; surfaces naked ; one vein to the centre of each lobe ;
sori crowded, terminal on the upper lobes; round lip of inv. shorter than the
funnel-shaped nearly free tube.—/%l, Nov. Gran. p. 196. ,

Hab. Andes of Bogota, Lindig, 245.—Habit of small forms of Tunbridgense.

8*. H. LZ’ Herminieri, Mett.; rhizime thread-like, elongated; st. 3-1 in.,
winged upwards; fr. oblong, 1-2 in. 1., 2-3-pinnatifid ; pinne lax, rhomboid-
oblong ; pinnl. cuneate, 2-3-fid, rarely more compound, the lobes ligulate;
under surface setulose on the ribs; sort terminal on the upper side of lobes,
broader than lohes ; oblong lip of inv. longer than cuneate tube.x—Kuhn, Linn.
35. p. 391.

Hab. Guadaloupe, L’Herminier.

10*. H. Gunnii, V.D. B.; rhizome elongated, thread-like ; sf. 1-12 in., erect,
winged at the top; jr. oblong, 2-3 in. 1, 3-1 in. br., oblong, 2-8 pinnatifid ;
main rachis winged throughout ; pinne distant, 6-8-jugate, 4 in. br.; lower
pinnl, bifid, with ligulate 1-veined lobes under $ lin. br.; surfaces glabrous;
sori terminal, as broad as the lobes; zz», as broad as deep, the rounded lips
equalling the deltoid immersed tube.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land, Gunn.

27*. H. dilatatum. The Polynesian plant is H. emarginatum, Sw., which
may be distinguished by its narrower segments (4 line broad), with involucres
which conspicuously exceed them in width.

34. H. ecdliatum, var. crispatum, Baker; tertiary segm. few, distant, much
erisped, as are the winged rachises.—H. crispum, var. brasiliana, Fée, Fil. Bras.
4, 71. fig. 2.

Hab, Andes, Pearce; Rio Janeiro, Glaztou,

464 WYMENOPHYLLUM.

52*, H. pumilum, C. Moore; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping ; st. filiform,
21in,; fr. 4-2 in. 1, roundish in upper, cuneate in lower half, flabellato-
bipinnatifid ; divisions ligulate, close, 1-veined, 4 lin. br., obscurely denticulate,
‘upper simple, lower deeply forked or trifid ; swrfaces naked; sort one to a
* frond, terminal ; inv. deeply cleft with ovate entire lips.

Hab. Mount Tomah, New South Wales, C. Moore.

52*, H. Moore, Baker ; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping 5 st. filiform, naked,
3-4 in. ; fr. 4 in. 1, rounded in upper, cuneate in lower half, flabellately bipin-
natifid ; segm. ligulate, 3 lin. br., distinctly toothed, close, 1-veined, upper erecto-
patent, simple, lower deeply 2-3-fid ; surfaces naked; sori 1-3 to a frond,
usually free, lateral rarely terminal, immersed at the base ; dv. 1 lin. deep, the
toothed rounded lips exceeding the short cup-shaped tube. °

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, 0. Moore.

52*, H. minimum, A. Rich.; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping 5 st. filiform,
3-4 in. ; fr. oblong-deltoid, 3-2 in. 1, with several close spreading distinctly-
toothed pinne, the upper simple, ligulate, the lower often forked ; sori solitary,
terminal on the main rachis only ; ¢nv. free, cut about halfway down the valves,
toothed.— Voy. Astrol. t. 14. fig. 2.

Hab. New Zealand and Auckland Isles.—Differs from all the forms of Tunbridgense
by its solitary terminal sori,

52*. H. Cheesemanni, Baker; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping; s¢. filiform,
fin. 15 fr. forked or palmately 3-4-fid, 3-3 in. 1., with ligulate ciliato-dentate
one-veined lobes, #1 lin. br., narrowed at the base, rarely simple ; sori terminal
on the lobes; inv. immersed at the base only, the entire rounded valves much
exceeding the very short tube.—H&. Je. ¢. 1182.

Hab, Titiranja range, New Zealand, 7. F. Cheeseman ; discovered in 1870.

63*. H. khasianum, Baker ; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping ; sf. $-1} in.
winged upwards; /r. lanceolate, tripinnatifid, 2-3 in. 1.; pinne close, deltoid,
ascending, cuneate-truncate at base on lower side; Jobes close, ligulate, 1-veined,
distinctly toothed, the upper simple, the lower forked; main rachis winged
throughout; surfaces naked ; sori copious, free, terminal, the ovate toothed lips
reaching down nearly to the base.—Leptiocionium flaccidum, V.D. B. Suppl.
p. 65.

Hab. Khasia, Grifith, Hk. fil. & Thomson.

XVIIL—TRICHOMANES. Page 71—88.-

14*, T. exiguum, Baker ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping ; sé. very short; 77.
3-2 in., linear-oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt, repand, rarely deeply pin-
natifid, the edge ciliated with minute stellate bristles ; central vein distinct from
base to apex ; veinlets fine, ascending, usually simple, with a few spurious venules
interspersed ; sorus solitary, terminal ; ip rounded, half as long as the immersed
cuneate tube-—Hymenophyllum, Bedd. Fern. Brit, Ind. t. 275.

Hab. Hills of west side of Indian Peninsula and Ceylon.
24*, T. assimile, Mett.; rhizome slender ; st. 14 in. 1, winged upwards ; fr.

oblong-lanceolate, 23 in.1., lin. br., tripinnatifid, proliferous from the stem
or rachis; rachis winged throughout; lower pinne ovate-rhomboid, with

Es

TRICHOMANES, 465

obovate pinnatifid pinnl.; texture membranous ; colour yellowish-green, the ribs
obscurely setulose ; sori few, axillary ; inv. immersed, cylindrical, with a dilated
mouth.—Kuhn, Linn. 35. p. 386.

Hab. Aneiteum, Macgillivray, 53.

24*. T. concinnum, Mett. ; rhizome filiform, tomentose ; s¢. 3-4 lin., proliferous,
winged upwards ; fr. ovate, 4-3 in. l., rounded at the top, cuneate at the base,
bipinnatifid; rachis winged throughout; lower pinne flabellately pinnatifid
with bifid lowest pinnl.; texture membranous ; both sides glabrous, light-green ;
sori usually lateral, rarely terminal ; inv. cylindrical, immersed, dilated at the
mouth.—Kuhn, Linn. 35. p. 385.

Hab. Tahiti, Vieillard, Vesco.

26*. T. Armstrongii, Baker ; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping ; st. filiform,
+1 in.; fr.3 in. 1., simple or forked or flabellately divided, with few blunt
simple or lowest rarely forked 1-veined ligulate erecto-patent divisions, 3-1
lin. br. ; border as distinct as the midrib, bristle ciliated ; surfaces glabrous ; sori
1-4 to a frond, terminal on the lobes, minute, obconical, immersed, with rounded
ciliated lips.

Hab. New Zealand, Armstrong.

31. T. pusillum, var. quercifolium (H. & G.) ; much longer than the type, with
many deep primary divisions, the central again pinnatifid.

31*, T. viridans, Mett.; rhizome capillary, tomentose; st. }-} in., flattened,
tomentose below ; fr. rhomboid-oblong, cuneate at tue base, 4-? in. 1., bipin-
natifid, cut down to a bruad wing into a few crowded pinne, the lower with
several short ligulate I-veined much-ascending lobes; several spurious venules
parallel with the midrib; colour bright-green ; surfaces naked ; soré copious,
terminal on lobes ; ina. 1 lin. deep, nearly free, with a deep funnel-shaped tube
and small rounded lips.— Kuhn, Linn. 35. p. 389.

Hab. Moulmein, Rev. C. Parish.

32*. T. melanopus, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, thickly black-tomentose ;
st. very short, winged upwards ; fr. 4-1 in. 1., oblong or roundish, bipinnatifid ;
pinne many, crowded, patent, much crisped, closely repand or pinnatifid, with
rounded or oblong lobes, § lin. br. ; edge distantly ciliated, with large deciduous
bristles ; texture membranous ; colour yellow-green ; midrib zigzag, sending out
many erecto-patent branches to the edge; sort few, free, terminal ; inr. 1 lin.
deep, with a funnel-shaped tube and distinct rounded lips.—T. Krausii, var.
crispatum, edit. 1.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5354.

32*. T. subsessile, Mett.; rhizome capillary, densely black-tomentose; fr.
subsessile, 3-2 in. 1., rhomboid-oblong, rounded at the top, cuneate at the base,
bipinnatifid ; pinn@ crowded, erecto-patent, the lowest flabellate-pinnatifid, with
ligulate close lobes § lin. br. ; texture membranous ; colour pale-green ; surfaces
glabrous ; sort few, terminal ; inv. with an immersed funnel-shaped tube and
dilated entire mouth.—Kuhn, Fil. Afric. p. 87.

Hab, West Tropical Africa, on the banks of the Bagroo river, G. Mann.

44%, T. alternans, Carruth. ; rhizome naked, filiform, wide-creeping ; st.
scarcely any ; /r. 4-2 in. 1, rhomboid, 1-2-pinnatifid, with a few distant very
narrow (¢ line) ascending 1-veined divisions, with hyaline border ; rachis winged

throughout ; lower pénne@ erecto-patent, 3-4 lin. 1., simple or pinnatifid, with
3N

466 TRICHOMANES.

1-8 ascending small lobes ; éewtwre membranous ; surfaces glabrous ; sor? few,
terminal ; inv. with an immersed funnel-shaped tube and dilated entire lip.—
—Fi. Vit. p. 343.

Hab. Viti Islands, Seemann, 784.

70%. T. strictum, Menz. ; sf. 8-4 in. 1., densely tufted, firm, terete, naked ; /r.
lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., 3-4-pinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged
low down ; pinne crowded, lanceolate, ascending, 4-3 in. br., cuneate-truncate
on lower side at base, lower rather reduced ; lower pinnl. pinnatifid, upper.
entire ; ult. Zobes ligulate, 1-14 lin. 1. ; teature firm for the genus; colour pale-
green ; surfaces naked ; sori at base of upper side of pinnules; énv. } lin. deep,
funnel-shaped, free ; recept. much exserted.—H&. Sp. Fil. 1. p.1386. Hd G,
Lc, t, 122.

Hab. New Zealand.

71*, T. brachyblastos, Mett. ; rhizome stout, firm, short-creeping ; st. 3-4 in. 1.,
winged down to the base; fr. oblong-deltoid, 5-6 in. 1., decompound ; rachis
winged throughout; pine close, deltoid, 4-1 in. br., cuneate-truncate on lower
side at base ; lower pinnl. the same shape, 2-3-pinnatifid ; ult. Zobes 1-13 lin. 1.,
lin. br. ; tewture moderately firm; colour dark olive-green ; surfaces naked ;
sort copious, lateral, free; imv. 3 lin. L, narrowly funnel-shaped, with an
obscurely 2-lobed mouth ; secept. much exserted.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 388.

Hab. Tarapota, East Peru, Spruce, 4703.

72%, T. hispidulum, Mett. ; rhizome woody, suberect ; scales minute, subulate,
bright-brown ; sé. 3-5 ft.. winged, and slightly crinite upwards; fr. 4-1 ft.
deltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged throughout ; pinne close, .
deltoid, lowest much the largest, 13-3 in. br., produced on the lower side; pinnl,
close, lower deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; ult. lobes distant,
4 lin. br., $-Z in. L 5 teaturerather thick ; colour dark olive-green ; surfaces naked ;
sort copious, placed on upper side of ultimate lobes ; inv. minute, free, funnel-
shaped, with a ciliated entire mouth and long receptacle—Kuhn, Linn. 35.
p. 389.

Hab, Borneo, near Labuan, Motley.

77*, T; Pluna, Hk.; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with dense minute
fibrillose bright-brown scales ; st. 2-4 in. 1., terete, wiry ; fr. lanceolate, 4-6 in L.,
1-1} in. br., decompound ; rachis stiff, terete throughout ; pinne crowded, 20-80-
jugate, spreading, under 4 in. br.; lower pinni. sparsely pinnatifid, cut into dis-
‘tant bristle-like dichotomously-forked lobes $-} in, ]., which spread in all direc-
tions ; sori few, placed near base of upper pinne ; zmv. under 4 lin. 1, stalked,
eae a funnel-shaped tube, truncate mouth, and very long receptacle.—Zc.
a .

Hab. Malay Isles,

77*. T. trichophyllum, Moore ; sf. densely tufted, wiry, terete, 1-2 in. 1.3 fr.
2-4 in. 1, oblong, decompound, 1-1 in. br. ; rachis stiff, terete throughout ; pinne
much imbricated, 12-15-jugate, many deltoid, 3 in. br.; lower pinnl. copiously
pinnatifid ; ult. dévisions bristle-like, $-3 in. 1., spreading in all directions ; soré
copious, free, 3 lin. deep, placed near base of pinnules on upper side ; inv. with
a funnel-shaped tube and truncate mouth.—G@ard. Chron, 1862, p. 45. T. Mari-
erii, Viéedit.

Tab. Borneo and New Caledonia,

DAVALLIA. 467

XVIII.—DAVALLIA. Page 88—103.

4*. D. emula, Mett.; rhizome elongated ; scales adpressed, oblong-cuspidate ; st.
13-2 in., winged above ; fr. 5 in. L, deltoid, bipinnatifid ; lower pinne largest,
produced on under side with oblong obtuse toothed pinni. 3 rachis winged
throughout ; texture thin; surfaces pale-green, glabrous ; veins slender, not
dilated at tip, of barren fr. forked or subpinnate, of fertile simple ; sori at
base of crenations on upper side; éav. transverse, oblong, with sides slightly
adnate.—Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 144

Hab. Aneiteum, Macgillivray, 64.

9*. D. Andersoni, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping ; scales rigid, lanceolate-acu-
minate, dark-brown, with a pale edge; s¢. 1-3 in., like rachis laxly scaly ; jr.
deltoid, 13-3 in., tripinnatifid ; lower pinne@ largest, short-stalked, with sharply-
toothed pinnatifid crneate-oblong lower pinnl. ; veins thick, immersed ; sort at
base of ultimate sinuses _ inv. transversely hemispherical, with free sides, usually
overtopped by a tooth.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 143.

Hab. Tahiti, Anderson.

9*. D. Tyermanni, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with dense adpressed
linear white scales ; s¢. 2-3 in., naked, reddish ; fr. 4-6 in. 1. deltoid, 3-4-pin-
natifid ; rachis winged in upper third only ; lower pinne largest, stalked, deltoid,
unequal-sided, 1} in. br. ; lowest pinnt. stalked, cuneate-oblong or deltoid, with
falcate-deltoid entire upper and cuneate-oblong pinnatifid lower segm. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green ; surfaces naked ; sori at base of ult. lobes,
2 lin. br. ; inv. hemispherical, free at the sides—Humata Tyermanni, Moore,
Gard. Chron. 1871, p. 870. t. 178.

Hab. Cultivated at Liverpool by Mr. Tyerman ; supposed to be from West Tropical
Africa.

11*. Carruthers, in F1. Vitiensis, p. 8385, adopts three species: 1. botrychioides
(Brack. t. 33. fig. 1. Viti) ; fr completely dimorphous ; ginnd. broader, blunter,
lowest only pinnatifid ; sort larger, reniform, occupying the whole of the lobes.
2. multifida ( Viti, Aneiteum, Samoa) , /r. larger, more compound, with all pinnd.
of lower half deeply pinnatifid ; sor? smaller, with a horn projecting beyond them.
3. rigida (Soland, Society Isles) ; fr. smaller, barren, copiously pinnatifid, with
sharply inciso-dentate lobes ; sor? small, with 2 horn projecting beyond.

14*. D. viscidula, Mett.; fr. broad-ovate, quadripinnatifid, 1 ft. 1.3 rachis
reddish, glandulose-pubescent ; pinne sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
7 in. 1. ; pinnl. close, rhomboid-oblong, confluent at base; segm. oblong obtuse,
with ovate subfalcate acute lobes; texture membranous ; surfaces glandulose-
pubescent, reddish-olive when dried ; veins simple or forked in ultimate lobes ;
sori overtopped by a horn ; ine. ovate acute, obscurely ciliated —Kuhn, Linn.
36. p. 145.

Hab. Java, Blume.

1L*. D. assamica, Baker ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
large lanceolate-acuminate silvery-brown scales ; st. 1-3 in., naked, stramineous ;
jr. 6-12 in. L., lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinne crowded, lanceolate, short-stalked,
patent, the lowest largest, all the rest cuneate-truncate at base on lower side ;
pinnl, crowded, lower oblong, unequal-sided, pinnatifid, upper lanceolate-falcate,
entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; rachis winged in upper half;
wciules immersed, erecto-patent, simple or forked ; sort submarginal in ultimate

468 PAVALLIA,

lobes, with mostly a horn beyond; inv. as broad as deep.-Acrophorus assa-
nicus, Bedd. F. B. 1. t.94, D. micans, Jett.

Hab. Bootan, Grifith, 2790.

22%, D. dubia, R. Br.; fr. ample, deltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; rachéses stramineous,
glabrous or slightly downy ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more ]., 2-4 in. br. ;
piunl. close, lanceolate, stalked, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, with close
oblong gessile segm., the lower pinnatifid, upper entire ; ¢eature rigidly subcori-
aceous ; surfaces green, glabrous, or lower slightly downy ; venules erecto-patent,
simple or forked ; sori minute, one to each final lobe, terminal, or with a horn
beyond.—Dicksonia dubia, Gaud., Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 71.¢.24,C. Balantium

Brownianum, Presi.
Hab. Australia.—See Carruth. Fl, Vit. p. 335.

23*, D. setosa, Baker ; caud. erect ; st. 4-1 ft., grey-stramineous, with a few
linear scales ; 77. deltoid, 1-2 ft. 1.,4-pinnatifid; pinn@ patent, subdistant, lanceolate,
lowest largest, 6-8 in. 1, 14-3 in. br. ; pinnd. subsessile, patent, close, lanceolate ;
segm. close, sessile, oblong, blunt, lowest deeply pinnatifid ; teature membranous ;
both sides green, with scattered subulate scales ; veining regularly pinnate ; sorz
one to each final lower lobe; zmv. minute, oblong, membranous, fugacious.—
Cystopteris setosa, Bedd. F. B. f.t. 312. Lastrea, Bedd. F. B. I. t. 262.

Hab. East Himalayas and Moulmein.

25*. D. brachypoda, Baker ; st. subtufted, naked, castaneo-stramineous, }-2
in.; fr. ligulate, 1-1} in. 1, 3-4 lin. br., simply pinnate; inne 9-10-jugate,
close, minutely stalked, rhomboid-flabellate, } in. br., the lower edge ascending,
entire, the upper faintly lobed; texture membranous; surfaces bright-green,
naked ; veins distant, free, 4-5 to a pinna ; sor2 marginal, sometimes connecting
two veins; inv. rather broader than deep.

Hab. Banks of the Gilbert, North Australia, Daintree ; sent by Baron von Mueller.

26*. D. stolonifera, Baker ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping ; scales minute, brown,
lanceolate ; sf. 2-4 in., distant, stramineous ; 7. liguiate, simply pinnate, 4-10
in. ]., 1-1¢ in. br. ; pinn@ 8-4 lin. br., close, subpetiolate, rhomboid, lower edge
entire, more or less ascending, upper lobed 3-3 down ; ¢eature membranous;
colour dark-green ; veins distant, copiously anastomosing ; sori at tip of lobes,
linear-reniform, 4-6 to a pinna.—Lindsaya stolonifera, Mett, Kuhn, Linn. 36.
p.81. Synaphlebium pulchrum, Brack.

Hab. Aneiteum, Samoa, Viti.

_ 80*. D. schizophylla, Baker ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping; scales minute, brown,
linear-subulate, secund ; st. 5-1 ft., stramineous, naked ; fr. rhomboid, 4 ft. 1,
tripinnatifid ; pinne few, lanceolate, ascending, lowest the largest ; pinnl. subpeti-
olate, square, 3 in. br., cut down from outer and upper edge to rachis into 6-8
ligulate-cuneate segm. 4-2 in. 1., 4 lin. br. ; teature chartaceous ; surfaces bright-
green, naked ; sorz terminal on dilated denticulate tip of segm.; ézv. intramar-

ee 1-2, as broad as long.—D, trichomanoides, Beddome, F. B. 1. t. 178. non

Rms

Hab. Ceylon, Thwaites, C, P. 3908.—Dr. Thwaites regards this as an abnormal form
of Lindsaya flabellulata, var. tenera.

82, D. contigua, var. D. Blumei, Mett.; soré slightly intramarginal.—D. pec
tinata, Blume, non Sin. : Ss iii acer E e

Hab. Java, Blume,

DAVALLIA. 469

367. D. leptocarpa, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping ; scales large, ovate-lanceo-
late, adpressed ; st. 3-5 in. 1. ; fr. deltoid, 5-6 in. 1, tripinnatifid ; main rachis
winged throughout ; pinn@ short-stalked, ovate-lanceolate ; pinn/. subsessile,
rhomboid-oblong, with segm. of sterile fr. cuneate-oblong, toothed, of fertile
deeply pinnatifid, with linear-spathulate lobes bearing the sorus on the dilated
base ; ¢ezture thigily coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; incr. narrow-oblong, with a
horn beyond.— Kuhn, Linn. 36, p. 144.

Hab. Aneiteum, Macgillirray, 56.

40*. D. dissecta, J. Sm.; rhizome stout, wide-scandent, clothed with dense
linear-subulate ferruginous scales ; st. 3 ft. 1., stramineous, ‘naked ; fr. 1-12 ft. 1.,
deltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; pinne stalked, lanceolate, the lowest deltoid, 5-6 in. 1.,
produced on the lower side ; pinni. close, deltoid, subsessile, cuneate-truncate on
lower side at base ; segm. oblong, cuneate at the base, deeply pinnatifid, with
erecto-patent ligulate simple or bifid lobes ; tezture subcoriaceous ; surfaces green,
naked ; venules fine, immersed ; sori minute, oblong, with 1-2 horns beyond.—
Moore, Gard. Chron. 1855, p. 469. cum icone.

Hab. Java.—A smaller less coriaceous plant than elegans, with deeper final lobes.

40*. D. pallida, Meti.; rhizome as thick as a finger, wide-creeping ; scales lan-
ceolate, dark-brown ; st. 1-14 ft. 1., naked, stramineous ; fr. 2-3 ft. I., subdeltoid,
4-pinnatifid ; pinne deltoid, lowest largest, 6-8 in. br., produced on lower side ;
pinnl, and tertiary segm. deltoid, stalked, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ;
ult. dobes obovate-cuneate, blunt, 1-13 lin. br., bearing the sorus on the upper
side at the base ; fezture firm-membranous ; surfaces naked, bright-green ; veinlets
erecto-patent, immersed ; izr. marginal, faunnel-shaped, 4 lin. br. and deep.—
Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 142. D. Mooreana, Masters, Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 964. cum
icone.

Hab. Aneiteum, Macgillivray, 93.—Habit of D. immersa, with a very different in-
volucre, and fronds not dying down in winter. The Javan D. Korthalsti, Mett. 1. c., of
which the fruit is unknown, is like this, but has rhomboid-oblong blunt pinnules and

tertiary segments,

44°, D. speciosa, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, 2 lin. thick ; scales ferru-
ginous, dense, linear-subulate ; sf. 3-5 in. 1., naked, brown-stramineous ; fr.
deltoid, 4-pinnatifid, 1-1} ft. 1. ; rachis winged in upper half ; pinne lanceolate-
deltoid, long-stalked, lowest largest, 3-4 in. br.; pinn/. and segm. deltoid, with
rachises winged to base, cuneate-truncate on lower side; final dobes lanceolate-
falcate, under 1 lin. br., with sorus on upper side at base ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous;
surfaces naked ; inv. pap ape, broader than deep, % lin. br., oblique close to
final sinuses.— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 145.

Hab. Moulmein, Parish, 32.

47*. D. Lorrainii, Hance ; rhizome thick as a quill; scales linear-subulate
nearly black, densely grey-ciliated ; st. 3-4 in. 1., naked, brownish ; fr. 3-1 ft.l.,
deltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; pinne stalked, deltoid, lowest largest, produced on lower
side, their rachises winged to base ; pinnd. and segm. subsessile, crowded, deltoid,
much reduced on lower side; final Zobes ligulate, 3-4 lin. br., with sorus at base
of inner side ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; barren lobes 1-veined ; inv.
subcylindrical, 3 lin. L—Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5. vol. 5. p. 254,

Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sir W. Norris.
49*, D. Macleayi, Baker ; rhizome woody, glaucous, as thick as a quill; scales

anceolate, acuminate, dark ferruginous ; sf. 13-2 in. 1., grey, naked ; Jr. deltoid,
45 in, L, 4-5-pinnate ; lowest penne largest, deltoid, rather produced on the

470 DAVALLIA.

lower side; lowest pani. deltoid, the rest lanceolate, cuneate-truncate at the
base on the lower side; ult. segm. consisting only of a stalked cylindrical sorus
2 lin. L, with a narrow rim on edge, side produced into distinct horns ; texture
subcoriaceous ; surfaces quite naked.

Hab. Polynesia, the exact station not known, Herb. aie a) acces for the
combination of small size and very fine cutting. qe

60*. D. calobodon, Baker ; fr. large, tripinnate ; rachis of pinnee clothed with
dense reddish pubescence 3 pinne ovate-lanceolate, stalked, 1 ft. 1. ; pinnl. close,
patent, oblong, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, lowest free, under 2 in. 1.,
cut down to rachis or a narrow wing into oblong blunt subentire segm. ; texture
membranous ; upper swrface dull-green, sparsely pilose, lower pilose on the ribs ;
soré intramarginal near final sinuses ; inv. pale, membranous.—Microlepia calo-
bodon, Meti. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 147.

Hab. Madagascar, Goudot.

63*. D. amboynensis, Hk. 3 st. 1-14 ft, 1, dull-brown, naked, like rachises ; /r.
lanceolate-deltoid, 9-12 in. 1., tripinnate ; pinne lanceolate-deltoid, stalked, lowest
largest, with basal pinnd. much produced, the others close, sessile, lanceolate,
with a cuneate base 4-3 in br., deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate ascending segm.,
sorus near base on inner side; ¢extwre subcoriaceous; surfaces naked ; venules
immersed, much ascending ; inv. minute, slightly intramarginal, as broad as deep.
—Hh. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 178. ¢. 56. C.D, moluccana, Roxb. non Blume.

Hab. Amboyna and Moluccas.—Less compound and firmer in texture than Denhami,
but perhaps not distinct specifically.

65*. Var. exserta (Microlepia exserta, Met. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 148), from
Viti, has a very prominent receptacle protruding out of the involucre ; var.
trichosticha (J. Sm. Hk, Sp. 1. p. 183; D. divergens, Kze.), from Philippine
and Malay Isles, a less compound frond, lower pinnules deeply pinnatifid, with
subentire lobes, 13-2 lin. br.; under surface covered with hairs with bulbous
bases, and slightly intramarginal sori.

67. Includes three varieties, or perhaps species. 1. Type, from Society Isles,
sori as broad as deep, terminal or overtopped by a short horn. 2. D. brachy-
carpa, Mett, Kuhn, Linn. 86.164. New Hebrides, sori as broad as deep, over-
topped by a long horn. 3. Seemanni, Baker; Viti, texture more coriaceous ;
sort twice as deep as broad, terminal on inner side of segments or rarely over-
topped by a short horn.

70*. D. meifolia, H. B. K.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-12 in. L, erect,
naked, slender, stramineous; fr. 14-4 in. 1, lanceolate, deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
pinne lanceolate, many lower subequal, #-1 in. 1., with wingless, slender,
angular rachises; pinnd. patent, 4-2 in., upper forked, lower pinnatifid ; segm.
ligulate, distant, l-nerved, @ lin. 1.; tewture. subcoriaceous; surfaces naked ;
sort terminal, cup-shaped, not margined.—H&. Sp. 1. p. 189. Lindsaya Sprucei,
Ik. Syn, Fil. edit.1.p.108. Davallia Sprucei, Baker, Fl. Bras. fasc. 49. p. 346.
Darea fumarioides, Willd. :

Hab, Amazon Valley, Spruce, 2988.

72*, D. Forstert, Carruth. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., naked, stramineous ; 7”. rhomboid,
4-pinnate, 4 ft.1.; pinne and pinnl. ascending, rhomboid, stalked, the lowest
the largest, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; final segm. ligulate-cuneate,
2-4 lin. 1, under % lin. br., texture subcoriaceous ; surfacesnaked ; sori minute,
terminal, with lamina produced on both sides as a bordcr._Adiantum clavatum,
Forst. non L.

LINDSAYA. 471

Hab. Dusky Bay, New Zealand, Forster.—Very near D. scoparia, but sori smaller and
bordered.

73*. D. Mannit, Eaton ; st. tufted, 3-3 ft., castaneous, matted with adpressed
fibrillose scales like the straight primary rachis ; fr. lanceolate, 1 ft. or more l.,
2-23 in. br., narrowed from middle on both ends, tripinnatifid; pinne close,
oblong- lanceolate, subsessile, with narrowly winged rachis; pinnl. ascending,
upper simple or forked, lower rhomboid, pinnatifid, with distant, ligulate,
l-veined segm. 1-14 lin. 1. ; ceature subcoriaceous; surfaces naked ; sorus usually
terminal, free, twice as broad as the tip of the segm.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Mann & Brigham, 546.

74*, D. Lenormandi, Baker ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, $ in. thick ; scales
minute, brown, fibrillose ; sf. 4-1 ft. ]., naked, castaneous ; 77. deltoid, 4-5 in. L.,
4-5-pinnatifid ; pinne close, deltoid, the lowest much largest, produced on lower
side, the others cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; pinnl. and lowest
tertiary segm. rhomboid, unequal-sided ; final /odes ligulate, 1-veined, 3 lin.
br., 3-1 lin. 1., cuneate when two join ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces green,
naked ; sor? minute, terminal, free or narrowly edged on both sides.

‘Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, Deplanche.

XX.—LINDSAYA. Page 104—112,

13*. L. parvula, Fée; st. 6-8 in.1., naked, stramineous ; fr. about as long,
bipinnate when fully developed, with a few distant spreading pinnw 2-3 in. 1,
$ in. br.; pénnl. close, subrhomboidal, under 3 in. br., with upper edge slightly
curved ; ¢exture membranous; sorws continuous, the outer valve protruded
beyond the inner.—/2l. Ant. p. 17. t. 7.

Hab. Trinidad, Germain, Prestoe.—Near tenuis, but habit erect and rachis stiff.

16*. L. nervosa, Mett.; st. 6-15 in., tufted, naked, reddish-stramineous ;
Jr. 6-9 in. )., deltoid, 2-8-pinnate ; pinne 3-6-jugate, stalked, ascending with a
long caudate inciso-pinnatifid point; lateral- segm. short-stalked, subquad-
rangular, 3-3 in. L., lower edge straight or decurved, entire, upper and outer deeply
bluntly-lobed ; lowest segm. equal-sided, imbricated over rachis ; texture mem-
branous ; surfaces bright green; veins slender, immersed, dichotomous; sori
continous.— £7. Nov. Cal. p. 62.

Hab, New Caledonia, Vietllard 1540, Richards. 5

37. L. venusta, Kaulf., Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 79; L. Thwaitesii, Mett. Kuh
Fil. Afr. ». 18; from Ceylon, differs by its wide-cree ing wiry rhizome. ‘like
that of Davallia pulchella ; L. Seemanni, Carruth. Fl. Vit. p- 338, by its smaller
ascending less deepy -lobed pinnules ; Schizoloma malabarica, Beddome, F. B. L.,

t.268, by its creeping rhizome, simply pinnate fronds, deeply-lobed segments.
and nearly or quite free veinlets, ;

41*. L. Vietllardiz, Mett. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creepine ; st. castaneous naked
3-1 ft. 1.3 fr. simply pinnate, deltoid, A$ ft.1; ane distinctly stalked, ascend-
ing, linear-ligulate, 1-3 in. 1., 72 in. br., barren, sharply inciso-pinnatifid, rather
broader, fertile entire ; teature rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked, dark-green ;
veins fine, distinct, distant, anastomosing mainly in long costal areolee ; sorus
continuous; inner valve of zmv. very narrow.—Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 65. :

Hab. New Caledonia, Viedllard, 1566, Pancher.

472 ADIANTUM.

XXIL—ADIANTUM. Page 1138—126.

8%, A, Mettentt, Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 65 (A. pteropus, R. Br.), is the Tropical
African form, with a wing to the rachis and petioles, mentioned under
A. caudatum,

3%. A. pumilum, Sw. ; st. 1-14 in. L, tufted, naked, castaneous ; /r. lanceolate,
J3-2 in. L, simply pinnate below a pinnatifid apex; pinnw 4-5-jugate, upper
rhomboid, sessile, lower roundish, 2-25 lin. br., subpetiolate—Mart. Ic. Crypt.
t. 56. fig. 4. Hk, Sp. 2. p. 15.

Hab, Jamaica, Swartz.

8*. A grossum, Mett.; st. 4-1 ft.]., naked, ebeneous, like rachis ; fr. lanceo-
late, 12-18 in. L., 3-4 in. br., simply pinnate; upper pinnw nearly square, sub-
sessile, 1 in. 1, lower border parallel with upper, inner parallel with rachis,
outer and upper faintly lobed ; lower pinne longer, with lower side more pro-
duced, and inner imbricated over rachis, their stalks 3-3 in. 1. ; teatwre subcoria-
ceous ; veining flabellate, fine, close ; sord straight, many, 4-5 in. 1.—Jil, Nov.
Gran, p. 114. :

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 873.

5, A. Edgeworthii, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 14, ¢.81 B, from Himalayas and China, differs by
more membranous texture, glabrous surfaces, and subentire pinne. A. Schwein-
furthii, Kuhn, Bot. Zeit. 1870, p. 90, is a similar plant from Upper Nile-land.
A. rhizophytum, Schrad., from Brazil, is a nearly glabrous variety, with deeply-
cut pinne.

15*. A. monosorum, Baker ; st. and rachises very slender, naked, castaneo-
ebeneous ; /”. deltoid, ? ft. 1. and br.; pinne 38-jugate, ligulate, short-stalked,
4-5 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., lowest forked at base; segm. close, short-stalled, 15-20-
jugate, rhomboidal, erecto-patent, 2-2} lin. br., lower border straight, inner
parallel, with rachis close to it, outer round, like straight upper finely toothed ;
teature chartaceous ; surfaces naked ; sort large, round, solitary in the centre of
the upper edge of the segments ; znv, persistent, glabrous, ;

Hab. Solomon Isles, Herb. Mackay.

28*, A. aneitense, Carruth. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, clothed with minute
linear dark-brown scales; sé. and rachises castaneous, the latter glabrous be-
neath, ferrugineo-pilose above; fr. deltoid, 3-4-pinnate, 13-2 ft. long and broad ;
segm. 4-8 in. 1., rhomboidal, ascending, nearly sessile, inner side close to rachis,
lower erecto-patent, straight or rather curved, upper less ascending than lower,
like outer shallowly lobed ; tewtwre moderately firm; surfaces glabrous, lower
subglaucous ; soré round, reniform in centre of lobes, 4-6 to a segment.—F7. Vit,
p. 846.

Hab. Aneiteum, Macgillivray, 110.

80%. A. velutinum, Moore ; st.as long as frond, slightly velvety ; 7. deltoid,

3-2 ft. 1., 3-4-pinnate ; rachkises densely pubescent on both sides; simple pinne
6-9 in. 1. ; segm. 20-30-jugate, subsessile, subrhomboidal, 1 in. 1., $ in. br., lower
border decurved, outer blunt or subacute, upper straight, shallowly bluntly
lobed; teatwre membranous ; suxfaces naked, dark green; sori straight, 1-14
lin. 2 at tip of lobes of upper edge, 4-6 to a segment.—Gard. Chron. 1866,
p. TTT.

Hab. Andes of Columbia; introduced into cultivation by Linden.— Habit of pectt-
natum, with segments of some of the forms of tetraphylium.

ADIANTUM. 473

81*. A. Lindeni, Moore; st. black, naked; fr. large, pentagonal, tripinnate ;
rachises pubescent above, naked beneath; segm. subdistant, 13 in. 1., oblong-
rhomboid, falcate, acuminate, outer borders closely bluntly lobed, and lobes
toothed ; soré oblong or reniform.—Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 778.

Hab, Amazon Valley ; introduced by Linden.

81*. A. villosissimum, Mett. ; st. above 1 ft. 1., like rachises, densely paleaceo-
pilose above and below; /. deltoid, bipinnate above, 1 ft. 1.; side pimn@ ascend-
ing unijugate ; pinnl. close, 10-12 lin. |., 2-8 lin. br., subsessile, lanceolate-trape-
zoid, obtuse or acuminate, outer edges toothed ; tewture subchartaceous ; surfaces
dark-green, upper thinly, lower more densely clothed with adpressed, slender,
soft, reddish hairs ; sor2 elongated ; inv. densely villose—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 73.

Hab. Panama, Schoté, 65.

36*. A..sericeum, Eaton ; basal scales large, brown, linear ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1.,
clothed like rachis with fine spreading brown hairs ; fr. lanceolate, bipinnate,
£12 ft. 1, 2-3 in. br.; pinne multijugate, stalked, ascending, lower 14-2 in. L.,
with 5-7 distinct pinnules ; side pinnl. 4-2 in. 1., short-stalked, rhomboid, lower
border straight or rather decurved, inner parallel with rachis, outer corner del-
toid, upper edge denticulate, auricied at base; end segm. larger, rhomboid, equi-
lateral ; teatwre membranous; surfaces pale-green, densely clothed with adpressed
grey hairs; soré narrow, straight, 3-4 in. 1., 2-6 to a segment.—Bot. Zeit. 1869,
Pp. 361

Hab, Cuba, Wright.—Nearest deltoidewm, but pilose and bipinnate.

42*, A, Bennettii, Carruth. ; st. and rachises black, naked ; fr. 1 ft. 1., del-
toid, 2-8-pinnate ; pedicels 3-4 lin. 1. ; segm. broader than deep, 4-3 in. br., entire,
hemispherical or round-cordate ; tevture membranous ; upper- surface glabrous,
lower densely bristly ; sori reniform, 6-10, crowded round outer border of seg-
ment, 3-2 lin. br.—F7. Vit. p. 346.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Lieut. Strickland.—Very near to or perhaps identical with
A. scabrum, Kze.

42*, A. Veitchianum, Moore; st. 4-6 in. 1., black, naked like rachises ; fr.
6-8 in. 1., deltoid, bipinnate in lower half, reddish when young ; pedicels 4-} in. 1.;
side pinnl. rhomboid, $-2 in. 1., lower border straight, more or less deflexed from
tip of pedicel, inner distant from rachis, upper and outer shallowly lobed ; end
segm. 4-3 in. by., equilateral, rounded in upper, deltoid in lower half; terture
membranous ; surfaces naked ; sord 8-12 to a segment, round, minute, indented
into the final lobes.—Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 1090.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Pearce.—Midway in habit between ethiopicum and lunulatum.

44%, A. subvolubile, Mett.; fr. subscandent, 2-4 ft. 1, oblong, tripinnate, 6-8
in. br., with naked glossy castaneous st. and zigzag rachises; central pinnae
lanceolate, with a few short spreading pinnl.; final petioles very short; side
pinnl, rhomboidal, 2-% in. 1., lower edge in a line with petiole or deflexed, inner
edge touching or wrapped over rachis, outer shallowly lobed ; lowest pinnl. equi-
lateral, much wrapped over rachis of pinnx ; surfaces naked, bright-green ; soré
minute, round, 6-12 to a segment.—Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 76. A. concinnum,
B subscandens, Baker, Syn, Fil. edit. 1. p. 128.

Hab, Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 5378, 5706.

45*. A. Wagneri, Mett.; st. 4-6 in. L, naked, glossy ; fr. subdeltoid, 6-9 in. 1,
3-4-pinnate ; lower pinne and pinnl, stalked, deltoid ; lowest pedicels 1-12 lin. 1. ;
30

474 ADIANTUM.

side segm. rhomboid, 1-2 in. 1., lower border straight in a line with stalk, inner
touching rachis, outer distinctly lobed ; lower segm. equilateral, imbricated over
main rachis; surfaces naked, bright-green ; sor? round, placed in final lobes, 4-6
to a segment.—Kuhn, Linn, 86. p. 77. A. decorum, Moore, Gard. Chron. 1869,

p. 582,
Hab. Andes of Peru.—Midway between concinnum and cuneatum.

45*. A. tinctum, Moore; st. 4-6 in. 1, black, glossy, naked ; Jr. 2 ft. 1., deltoid,
bipinnate ; lower petioles 1 lin. 1.; side pénnl. rhomboid, 3-4 lin. L, lower edge
straight, inner parallel with rachis, or just wrapped over it, outer shallowly
bluntly lobed ; lowest pinnl. equilateral, imbricated over main rachis ; surfaces
glabrous, bright-green tinged with red at first ; soré round, placed in final lobes.
—Proe. Hort. Soc, 2. 543.

Hab. Andes of Peru.—Very near Wagner, but less compound, with shorter pedicels,

45*. A. rubellum, Moore; st. 4-6 in. 1, black, glossy, naked ; /r. 4-6 in. 1.
deltoid, bipinnate ; lower petioles 1-14 lin. 1.; uppermost side pinnl. cuneate-
flabellate, nearly sessile, entire, lower rhomboid, 3 in. ]., with lower border ina
line with petiole, or rather decurved, inner produced over rachis, outer deeply
lobed, and lobes finely toothed ; end and lowest pinnl. deltoid in lower half,
kin. br. ; cewture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous, reddish when
young ; soré round, placed in the tips of the lobes.—-Gard, Chron, 1868, p. 865.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia, Pearce.—Very near the two preceding.

45*, A. Moorei, Baker ; st. 6-8 in. 1., naked, black ; fr. deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 2-3-
pinnate ; lower petioles 1-14 lin. 1.; side segm. 3-3 in. ]., rhomboid, lower edge
deflexed from tip of pedicel, inner not imbricated over rachis, outer lobed halfway
down; surfaces brighi-green, glabrous ; sorz round, placed in tip of lobes.—
A. amabile, Moore, Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 1090. Florist, 1872, p. 279. (figure)
non Liebm. et Fourn.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Pearce.

46*, A. convolutum, Fourn. ; fr. 1 ft. 1., deltoid, 4-pinnate ; rachises naked ;
pinne long-stalked, lowest deltoid, compound, upper lanceolate, simply pinnate;
final pedicels erecto-patent, 1-2 lines ; final segm. subquadrangular, barren } in.
br., lower border continuing the pedicel, or rather decurved, upper and outer
deeply bluntly lobed, inner upper corner imbricated over the rachis ; lowest and
end ar cuneate-flabellate ; sové 2-4 to a segment, 13-24 lin. br—Fil. Mex,
p. 127. t 6.

Hab. Mexico, Gheisbreght 406, Bottert 18.—Well marked from all the other species of
the group by its fewer longer sori.

46". A. rigidulum, Mett.; st. 4-6 in.1., black, naked, like rachises; /r. 6-8
in. L, ovate, 4-pinnate; segm. caducous, distinctly stalked, cuneate or rhomboid-
oblong or oboyate, the barren ones denticulate ; teature chartaceous ; both sur-
faces glaucescent ; sort transversely oblong, 3-6 to a segment.—Kuhn, Linn. 36.

p. 16.

Hab. West Indies.—Intermediate between tencrum and fragile in the shape of the
segments, 7

55. A. curvatum, var. A. brasiliense, Raddi; more robust; rachises more
pubescent ; segm. shorter, broader, blunter.

Hab. Brazil

CHEILANTHES. 475

55*. A. tetragonum, Schrad.; sf. 1 ft. or more 1, slightly pubescent, like the
rachises ; fr. pedato-tripinnate, 1 ft. 1., 15-18 in. br.; end pinne lanceolate, 6-9
in.]., 5-6 in. br.; segm. distinctly stalked, lanceolate, acuminate, ascending,
23-3 in. 1, slightly lobed, rounded on the upper, cuneate-truncate on the lower
side at the base; surfaces glabrous, deep-green ; sori short, linear, placed all
dome both sides at the tip of the lobes. —Mart. Ic. Crypt. t. 63. Hk. Sp. Fil. £1,
p. 28.

Hab. Brazil.
XXV.—CHEILANTHES. Page 131—142.

1*, C. Lindigii, Mett.; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1, castaneous, naked ; /.
lanceolate, 4-8 in. ]., 2-1 in. br., narrowed from the middle to both ends, bipin-
natifid ; pinne sessile, deltoid, cut down below to a narrow wing into oblong,
blunt pinnl.; rachis naked ; texture thin, firm ; surfaces naked, pale, dull-green;
sort close, 6-8 to lowest pinnules.—£%/. Nov. Gran. p. 218.

«Hab, Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 257.

7*. C. Lidgatii, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. naked, 1 ft. 1., stramineous like
rachises ; fr. deltoid, 13-2 ft. 1. ; lowest pmne@ largest, with three deeply pinnatifid
pinnil. from lower side, all the others lanceolate, 14-2 in. br., cut down to a narrow
wing into close ligulate blunt lobes 3-4 lin. br., barren slightly toothed ; teature
rigidly coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; inv. 3 lin. br., crowded, glab/ous, rigid, per-
sistent.—Schizopteris Lidgatii, Hillebrand MSS.

Hab, Oahu, Hillebrand.—Very distinct, with habit resembling Woodwardia radicans.

8*. C. propingua, Mett.; sé. 3-6 in. 1, naked, black like rachis ; fr. 8-10 in.1.,
deltoid, acuminate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne@ largest, lanceolate, short-stalked,
8 in. L, 1 in. br.; pinnd. distinct, subsessile, lanceolate, blunt, cut down nearly
to rachis below into close blunt lobes ; ¢ezture thin, firm; surfaces dull pale-
green, naked ; soré minute, crowded.—Fi/. Nov. Gran. p. 219.

Hab, Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 93.

9*. C. glandulosa, Sw.; fr. 2 ft. or more l., lax, 4-pinnatifid ; rachis filiform,
flexuose, pubescent, subscandent; pinne stalked, deltoid, 3 in. 1., curved upwards,
distant ; pinnd. ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided, sessile; segm. cuneate-ovate,
inciso-pinnatifid, with ligulate lobes ; surfaces glanduloso-pilose ; soré very
minute.—Mett. Cheil. t. 3. fig. 32.

Hab. Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, Freyreiss.

14*. C. Boivini, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales lanceolate, black, with
a brown edge; st. 1-2in.1., castaneous ; jr. ovate-oblong, obtuse, bipinnatifid,
2 in. 1.; rachis pilose; pinne oblong, obtuse, lowest largest, free, produced on
lower side with obtuse lobes, the sterile ones quite entire ; teature membranous ;
under surface glabrous, upper puberulous ; veens many times forked, those of
the sterile frond sto ping short of the edge; soré close ; énv. broad, pale, mem-
branous.—Kuhn, Bi . Afr. p. 69.

Hab. Mascaren and Comoro Isles,

27*. C. Thwaitesiz, Mett.; st. densely tufted, castaneous, 1-5 in. 1., sparsely
clothed with spreading brown lanceolate scales; fr. lanceolate, 4-1 ft. ]., 2-24
in. br. bipinnate or tripinnatifid ; rachis castaneous, naked, or slightly scaly
below ; penne distant, subsessile, lanceolate-deltoid, lower reduced ; pinndl.
blunt, upper adnate, entire, lower free, lanceolate, bluntly lobed ; texture thin;

476 PELLEA.

surfaces naked, dull-green, or the lower slightly farinose; barren segm. denti-
culate ; dv. narrow, soon hidden by sorus.—Kuhn. Linn. 36. p. 82.

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, Thwaites, 1321.

28*, C. Kuhnii, Milde ; st. 13-3 in. 1., tufted, naked, castaneous; basal scales
ovate ; fr. 8-6 in. L, 14-1 in. br., lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; penne sessile, deltoid,
subdistant, the lowest remote, and rather reduced 5 pinni. oblong, cut down to a
narrow wing into blunt lobes ; texture thin ; rachés and both sides finely glan-
duloso-pilose.—L%l. Lu. p. 35.

Hab. China, Fischer.—Smaller and less cut than subvillosa, with glandular pubescence,

85*. C. contigua, Baker; st. 4-8 in. 1, tufted, naked, castaneous ; fr. deltoid,
6-8 in. 1, 8-4-pinnatifid ; rachises clothed with short white bristly hairs ; lower
pinne distant, short-stalked, deltoid, lowest largest, produced on lower side;
lower pinni. short-stalked, close, lanceolate-deltoid ; final lobes blunt, close
obovate-cuneate, 3-1 lin. br.; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces dull-green, the
lower slightly pilose ; veivs immersed, obscure ; inv. narrow.

Hab. Port Darwin, N. Australia, R. Schomburgh (1869), No. 35.—Distinguished from
tenvifolia by its rigid texture, pilose rachises, and crowded obovate-cuneate segments.

35*. C. fleauosa, Kze.; st. tufted, naked, castaneous, 2-4 in. 1.; fr. 4-6 in. L,
deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnee and pinnl. lanceolate, short-stalked, lowest largest ;
segm. flattish, ovate-oblong, blunt, sessile, 1-1} lin. br., obscurely repand ; texture
membranous; surfaces dull-green, obscurely glanduloso-pubescent ; soré 6-8 to
largest segment ; énv. firm, glabrous.—Baker, £1. Bras. fasc. 49. p. 391. t. 57.

Hab. Goyaz, Brazil, Pohl, Roedel.

50*. C. aurea, Baker ; st. tufted, castaneous, 2-8 in. l., with dense ovate acu-
minate brown scales near the base; /r. deltoid, 3-4 in. 1, 3-4-pinnatifid ; pinne del-
toid, lowest much largest, produced below with lowest pénnl. lin. 1., cut down to
rachis into blunt éntire or pinnatifid segm.; texture herbaceous ; under surface
densely coated with bright-yellow powder zmv. broad, membranous.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin and Godman.

XXX.—PELLAA. Page 144—153.

2*, P. Pearcei, Baker ; st. tufted, castaneous, 2-8 in. 1., without basal scales ;
Jr. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1, 1-1} in. br., bipinnatifid ; compound pinne 5-6-jugate,
deltoid, sessile, lowest distant, rather reduced, cut down below nearly to rachis ;
pinnl, 2-3-jugate, oblong-entire, 1-14 lin. br., lowest narrowed at base ; texture
membranous ; surfaces glabrous, naked ; inv. pale, distinct, glabrous, crisped,
with close, fine, indentations.

Hab. Andes, El Volcan, 6,000 ft., Pearce.—Very near Brewert, but pinne more com-
pound, and dense fibrillose basal scales absent.

5*. P. microphylla, Fee ; st. tufted, very slender, naked, ebeneous, 3-11 in. 1. ;
fr. roundish, 3-4 in. 1., palmately 5-fid, the lobes blunt, 1-2 lin. br., central
longest, lowest much shortest ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, naked ;
midribs black ; veins hidden ; inv. narrow, firm, glabrous, crisped.—Fil, Bras.
p. 48.0.4. fig. 2. P. Glaziovii, Baker, Fil, Bras. fasc. 49. p. 595.

Hab. Rie Janeiro, Glaztou, 8158, 4391.

11*. P. Fournieri, Baker; st. terete, pale, fulvous, clothed with reflexed,
acute, fulvous’ scales; fr. 4 ft. 1, deltoid, bipinnate ; pinne stalked, alternate,

PELLEA. 407

6-7-jugate below the pinnatifid apex, lowest largest, 3in.1.; pinnl. distant,
adnate by a broad base, ovate-delioid, acute; upper surface glabrous, lower
hairy on the ribs ; ine. continuous, glabrous, corragated.—P. flavescens, Fourn.
Fil. Mex. p. 119. non Fée.

Hab. Memeo, Bourget.

15*. P. brachyptera, Baker; rhizome short-ereeping, clothed towards the end
with subulate scales ; st. 4-6 in. lL, naked, eastaneous; fr. 4-6 in. L, lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinne very shori, sessile, erecto-patent, semicircular, lower consisting
of 7-9 narrow linear pinn/. 3-4 in. L, with edge revolute, mucronate tip and
rounded base; texture rigidly coriaceous; surfaces naked, dull-green ; veins
obscure, immersed.—Platyloma brachypterum, Moore, Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 141.

Hab. California, Hort. Veiteh.—Placed by Prof. Eaton az a variety of ornithopus.

15*. P. bella, Baker ; st. 3in., naked, ebeneous ; fr. 5-6 in. 1., linear, bipin-
nate or subtripinmate ; pinnae numerous, ovate, sessile, +2 in. L; pinni. 4-6-
jugate, linear-oblong, 4 m.1., mucronate, rounded at base. lowest sometimes
2-3-nate, the edges strongly revolute ; rachis naked, castaneons ; tezture rigidly
coriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, naked; ceins obscure, immersed.—Platyloma
bella, Bfoore, Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 213.

Hab. California, Hort. Veitch.—Near the last, but much more slender, with more
numerous and shorter pinnules.

16=. P. flavescens, Fée ; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with adpressed dark-
brown lanceolate scales; sf. naked, ebencous, 3-1 ft. 1; /r. oblong- or Jan-
ceolate-delioid, 6-12 in. L, 2-3-pinnate; rachises black, wiry, naked; pinne
close, lanceolate, patent, short-stalked, lowest rather longest, pinnate or with
lowest pinnl. pinnate with 2-3jugate segm.; segm. ovate-oblong, 1}-2 lin. br.,
blunt or subacute, with strongly revolute edges; texture rigidly coriaceous ;
surfaces naked, dull-green ; veins immersed ; inv. firm, persistent, crisped, with
close indentations.—f717. Bras. i, 22. fig. 2. PP. Bongardiana, Baker, Fl. Bras.
fase. 49. p. 397. €.55. fig. 2.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Bongard, Glazios.

227. P. Greozit, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with subulate
black-brown toothed scales; #. 1-3 in. L, reddish, opaque, siightly scaly ; fr.
2-3 in. L, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate ; lower pinne short-stalked, ovate-lan-
ceolate ; pinnl. sessile, narrowed at base; segm. sessile, oblong or ovate-oblong,
obtuse, 1-2 lin. 1., with revolute edges ; fezfure coriaceous ; under surface white-
farinose ; teins immersed ; soré hidden by revolute edge of segments.—Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 86.

Hab. Mexico, Dr. Gregg, 467.—General habit of Notochlena chilensis,
26. Mettenius and Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 85, separate the Chilian plant under

the name of P. myrtillifolia, by its rachises flattened above and margined, more
compound frond and numerous shorter-stalked pinnz.

27. P. pulchella, var. P. microphylla, Mett, Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 86; segm.
shove, broader, flatter, and more cordate. ep 5

Hab. New Mexico, C. Wright, 825.

35*. P. Zippellit, Baker; st. short, tufied, scaly ; fr. lanceolate, 14 ft. L,
25 in. br., simply pinnate; pinne 50-60-jugate opposite, patent, short-stalked,

478 PTERIS.

linear-lanceolate, obtuse, straight or slightly falcate, central 1-1 in. 1. base
2lin. br., lower much reduced; rachis clothed with subulate scales ; ¢eeture
rigidly subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower scaly on the midribs ; veindets
bifid or simple, tumid at the tip, less divided and more spreading than in falcata,
—Allosorus Zippellii, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat, 4. p. 98.

Hab. New Guinea, Zippelius.

87*. P. pallida, Baker ; st. 8-4 in. 1., grey-brown, with minute, squarrose, linear
seales, like rachises ; basal scales minute, linear, brown, with a black keel ; jr.
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate, 9-10 in. 1., 2-24 in. br.; pinne lanceolate-deltoid,
short-stalked, lower distant, 3-4 in. br.; lowest rather reduced; pinnl.
38-5-jugate, oblong, blunt or subacute, 2-3 lin. br., upper adnate, entire, lower
free, slightly bluntly lobed ; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces pale grey-green,
lower thinly pilose ; veins immersed, obscure ; ¢zv. narrow, soon hidden.

Hab. Mexico, Consul Glennie.

387*, P. nitida, Baker; s¢. tufted, slender, castaneous, 6-9 in. 1, with a few
fibrillose scales near the base; fr. 4-Gin. 1., deltoid, 2-3-pinnate; upper pinne
simple, lowest much largest, stalked, deltoid, produced on lower side;
pinnl, few, distant, ligulate, patent, 1-2 in. 1., 1-2 lin. br., simple, or lowest
2-3-nate; texture thin but firm ; surfaces grey-green, naked ; coste castaneous
in lower half, veinlets hidden; inv. very narrow.—Pteris nitida, R. Br. Prod.
155? non Mett.

Hab. Tropical Australia, Daintree, Schuliz—Combines the narrow Platyloma involucre
with general habit like less-divided forms of P. angustifolca.

37*. P. depilata, Baker; sf. 8-6 in. 1, naked, castaneous ; basal scales linear
pale; fr. lanceolate, 4-8 in. L, 14-3 in. br., tripinnatifid or tripinnate ; rachises
castaneous, slightly pilose ; pimne deltoid, nearly sessile, lower distant, several
subequal; lower pinnl. sessile, lanceolate, blunt, deeply pinnatifid; segm.
ligulate-oblong, adnate, 1-14 lin. br. ; teature subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-
green, with a few deciduous pale scale-like hairs; énv. narrow, soon hidden .by
the sorus.

Hab. Ovalau Viti, Damel.—Habit of Cheilanthes subvillosa and Notochlena hirsuta.

88*. P. leucomelas, Baker ; rhizome short ; scales dense, setaceous, keeled with
black ; st. 3-4in.1., black, naked, like the rachises, the latter deeply channelled in
front with a winged border ; fr. deltoid, 5-6 in. 1., bipinnatifid; pine short-
stalked, ascending, lanceolate, lowest largest, 1 in. br.; pind. sessile, lower
5-6-jugate, blunt, upper oblong, entire, lower 3-4 lin. br., free, bluntly lobed ;
teature firm but thin; surfaces pale-green, naked; veins fine, distinct; énv.
narrow, soon hidden.—_Mett, Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 88.

Hab. Cape Colony, Breutel, and sent lately by Rev. J. Buchanan from the Transvaal
territory, gathered by Mr. Todd.

XXXIL—PTERIS. Page 158—173.

1*. P. longula, Mett.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 1-5 in. 1., castaneous, dis
tantly scaly; fr. simple, ligulate, 1-4 in. 1., 2-4 in. br, or with 1-2 similar
divisions from the base, blunt, entire, cordate; texture very thick, rigidly
coriaceous ; cost castaneous at base ; veinlets hidden, simple or forked ; surfaces
naked, pale-green ; edge narrowly revolute ; sorus continuous from base to tip.
—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p.88. P. triphylla, Baker, Fi. Bras. fasc. 49. p. 596. Pelleea
subsimplex, Fée, Ful. Bras. t. 4. fig. 8.

‘Hab, Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 3160. x

PTERIS. 479

3*, P. Pancheri, Baker ; st. 12-15 in. 1., naked, stramineous ; /. 12-15 in. 1,
lanceolate, simply pinnate; pinne distant, ascending, 7-8-jugate, linear-ligulate,
8-4 in. lL, 14 in. br., upper sessile, entire, lower distinctly stalked, irregularly
crenato-pinnatifid, with blunt lobes 13-2 lin. br. ; rachis stramineous, naked ; end
segm. like the others, but rather larger; teature rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces
naked ; veins fine, distinct, simple or forked in the entire pinnz, more or less
pinnate in the lobes ; zzv. narrow, glabrous.

Hab. New Caledonia, Pancher, 494.

16. P. amena, Blume, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 204, differs from typical semipinnata by
its spinulose lamina.

33*. P. straminea, Mett.; st. 1-14 ft. 1, naked, stramineous like rachis; fr.
~ narrow, deltoid, 1-14 ft. 1.; pinne ascending, lowest much largest, deltoid, with
compound lower pinni. on both sides, the others lanceolate, 14-2 in. br., cut
down to rachis or a narrow wing ; segm. lanceolate, 1-2 lin. br., narrowed to a
point, sterile sharply closely dentate, upper growing gradually shorter 5 texture
moderately firm; surfaces bright-green, naked; veinlets forked, subdistant,
distinct ; soré falling short of the tips of the segments.—P. crispa, Hort.

Hab. Chili,

34". P. Croesus, Bory ; sf. 14-2 ft., naked, castaneous, like rachises; /r.
deltoid, 1-2 ft. 1, copiously tripinnate; lower pinne much largest, distinctly
stalked, with many compound pinni. on both sides; largest simple pinne
4 ft.1., 1} in. br. ; segm. linear, } in. br., adnate, faleate, not close, narrowed to a
bluntish point ; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; senfaces glabrous ; veins forked,
ascending, rather raised ; so¢ mixed with white meal, reaching nearly to the
tip of the segments ; znv. pale, distinct. Hh. Sp. 2. p. 189. P. nigrescens, Poir.

Hab. Bourbon ; fine specimens sent by Lady Barkly, gathered by Mr. Fraser,

35". P. nitida, Mett.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-15 in. 1, naked,
bright red-brown ; fr. deltoid, 2-1 ft, 1., 4-pinnatifid 5; rachises naked, strami-
neous upwards ; lower pinne much the largest, stalked, deltoid, 3-4 lin. br., the
basal pina. on lower side much produced ; final lobes oblong, blunt, ascending,

4-2 lin. br., cuneate-adnate at the base ; upper pinne and pinnl. deltoid, cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base; teatwre thin, but firm; surfaces naked, bright-
green ; venules close, fine, erecto-patent, forked ; soré not reaching the tip and
base of the segments; inv. narrow, grey, glabrous—Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 86. non
Rk. Br.

Hab. Banks of the Gaboon, West Africa, G. Mann, 1047, Mylne (communicated by
Dr, D. Moore).

89*. P. decomposita, Baker; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., deltoid, tripartite; vachises cas-
taneous, glossy, the final ones stramineous at the tip, with dense spreading firm
bristles ; lowest division 2 ft. 1., with lowest pinnd. much produced, and its lowest
segm. mouch larger than rest, oblong-deltoid, 4-2 ft. 1., tripinnate ; end division
oblong-deltoid, 2 ft. 1.; 1 ft. br., tripinnate, its pimnew lanceolate, close, 14-14
in. br., its pinni. imbricating, deltoid, short-stalked ; barren segm., distant, erecto-
patent, oblong or ligulate, cuneate, §-1 lin. br., lower with 1-3 sharp teeth ; fer-
tile segm. lanceolate, 13-2 lin. br., cuneate at base ; tewture rigidly subcoriaceous ;
surfaces green, naked ; veins solitary in upper segments, pinnate in lower fertile
ones ; soré falling short of tip and base.

Hab. Andes, Muna, 10,000 ft., Pearce.—A very distinct and remarkable species.

41*. P, acclivis, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, strami-
neous, naked like rachises ; /r. ample, deltoid, tripinnate, with a flexuose main

i

+.

*

480 PTERIS.
*

rachis ; lower pinnw oblong-lanceolate, 1-12 ft. l. ; pénnl. distant, lanceolate, falcate,

« nearly sessile, with a narrow wing down the rachis; segm. lanceolate, oblique,

blunt, 1-2 lin. br., upper adnate, entire, lower free, bluntly lobed ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked, dull-green ; venules fine, distinct, forked or subpin-
nate ; inv. double—/i/. Hort. Lips. p. 59.

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 358.

48*, P. rugulosa, Lab. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. and rachises slender, gluti-
noso-pubescent, castaneous ; fr. ample, 4-pinnatifid, rhomboid ; pinne close, lan-
ceolate, short-stalked, erecto-patent, under 1 ft. 1.; pinnd. lanceolate, close, patent,
nearly sessile, $-3 in. br. ; segm. lanceolate, cuneate-truncate on lower side at
base, lower deeply pinnatifid, with oblique biunt lobes; ¢ewture subcoriaceous ;
surfaces dull-green, glutinose and minutely furfuraceous, especially below ; edge
of fertile segm. revolute, the sorus reaching to the midrib. —Sert. 4. 8. non Baker.
Syn. Fil. edit. 1. p. 168.

Hab. New Caledonia ; rediscovered lately by M. Deplanche.

46*. P. (Camp.) maxima, Baker ; rachises stramineous, glabrous ; /r. deltoid,
all except lowest pinne simply pinnatifid, the lowest with a stalk 1 in. 1, and
1-2 pinnatifid pinnl. from lower side; pinne reach 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.; wing in
centre 13-2 lin. br. ; segm. not close, lanceolate, faleate, 3-4 lin. br. at base, barren
toothed ; ¢ewture rigidly subcoriaceous; surfaces naked, dark-green ; vezns fine,
PO anastomosing in shallow costal arches. —Campteria maxima, Herb.

ourbon.

Hab. Isle of Mayotte; sent by Lady Barkly. —Scarcely more than a variety of
biaurita.

69*. P. (Lito.) Fraseri, Mett. ; st. tufted, naked, stramineous, sometimes 4-5
ft. 1.3 fr. deltoid-tripartite, reaching 3 ft. each way ; divisions oblong-acumi-
nate, cut down to a narrow wing into lanceolate faleate acuminate lobes 3-1
in. br., the lowest of side division sometimes again pinnatifid on the lower side ;
texture firm, membranous ; areole in many rows between the midrib and edge;
both surfaces bright-green, glabrous ; fertile segm. much narrower ; sori reaching
their tips—Kuhn, Linn. 1868. p. 41.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Fraser, Spruce, 5319.

78. Litobrochia undulata, Moore, Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 348, is a var. from
Viti, like the type, but with blunter ultimate segments with an undulated edge;
P. microptera, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 86, p. 92, from Lord Howe’s Island, comes
between the type and Endlicheriana; Z. areolata, Moore, Lowe New Ferns,
t. 57, seems to belong here.

79. P. reticulata, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36, p. 91; P. consanguinea, Mett. 1. c.
p. 89 ; and P. transparens, Mett. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 221, all Andine,
come under our aculeata,

79*. P. speciosa, Mett.; st. naked, castaneous, 1-8 ft. 1.; fr. deltoid, bipin-
natifid, 2-3 ft. each way ; rachises glossy, naked, castaneous ; pinne ligulate-
lanceolate, lower distinctly stalked, lowest not forked, 9-18 in. l., 2-4 in. br., cut
down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into close lanceolate faleate segments
4-4 in. br., barren denticulate ; feature rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces dark-

reen, naked; areole copious, hexagonal, distinct ; sori not reaching tips.—

uhn, Linn, 36. p. 91.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru, Lechler, 2326 ; Spruce, 4757, 4759.

79*, P. obscura, Mett.; fr. deltoid, 2-3-pinnatifid, 14 ft. 1. ; rachises reddish-s
pinne ligulate-lanceolate, reaching 9 in. 1., subsessile, lowest forked, cut down

LOMARIA. 481
*
to a distinct wing into faleate acute segm: ; tevtwre coriaceous ; surfaces dark-
green, densely shortly pubescent on the ribs ; sterile'Segm. serrulate ; areolw dis-
tinct, 2-3-serial between midrib and edge; soré not reaching tips.—Kuhn, Linn.
36. p. 90.

Hab. Venezuela, Funk and Schlim, 599.—Between aculeata and decurrens,

79. P. livida, Mett.; rhizome stout, creeping ; sf. and rachises naked, bright
light-brown ; 77. deltoid, bipinnate, 2-8 ft. or more each way ; pinnee ligulate-
lanceolate, lowest neaiily sessile, not forked, 12-15 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., cut down
to the rachis below to a narrow wing, above into lanceolate falcate segm.1-3 in. br.,
barren inciso-crenate ; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces bright-green, naked ; veins
distinct, upper of segm. free, lower uniting in high costal arches ; soré not reaching
the tips—Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 5. vol. 2. p. 222.

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Triana, Lindig, 179.—Pinne like upper ones of Kun-
zeana, but frond not tripartite.

XXXITI.—LOMARIA. Page 174—183.

5. Australian var. nuda (R. Br.) differs from type by less coriaceous texture‘
castaneous stems, and more numerous narrower acuminate pinne ; var. nata-
lensis, Baker (Natal, McKen & Buchanan), scales pale-brown, membranous ;
JSronds subcoriaceous, 2 in. br.; pinne patent, blunt; fertile fr. 4 in. 1, with
crowded pinnz.

6*. L. acuminata, Baker ; sterile fr. oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br.,
narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends with a subcastaneons sé. 2-3
in.1.; pinne 30-40-jugate, lanceolate-acuminate, subfalcate, 4-$ in. br., crenulate,
adnate by the whole equally dilated base ; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces
naked, dark-green ; veins fine, close, immersed ; ferizle pinne distant, central 3-4
in. 1.

Hab. Norfolk Island, and a form from Kermadec Isles with more deeply crenate
pinne.—Intermediate between attenuata and lanceolata.

9*, L. auriculata, Baker ; sterile fr. oblanceolate-oblong, 1 ft. 1., 8-83 in. br. at
middle, narrowed gradually to base ; pinne close, 15-16-jugate, upper and central
lanceolate, ascending, bluntish, entire, 4-2 in. br., confluent at base in a wing 14-2
lin. br. ; lowest much reduced, free, 2-1 in. 1., auricled on both sides at base ;
teuture subcoriaceous ; colour dull dark-green ; both surfaces and rachis densely
clothed with purplish-brown hairs ; veins erecto-patent, fine, close, distinct, 1-2-
furcate ; fertile fr. unknown.

Hab. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore.

10*. L. Deplanchei, Baker ; sterile fr. oblanceolate, 12-15 in. 1., 2-23 in, br.
above middle, narrowed very gradually all through lower half, cut down nearly
or quite to rachis into close blunt entire adnate pinne, central 13-14 in. L., }in. br.
lowest 12-15 on each side under 4 in. 1, its st. 2-3 in. 1, clothed with squarrose
linear-subulate black-brown scales ; ¢eature rigidly coriaceous ; surfaces dark-
green, naked ; veins immersed, obscure; st. of ferizle fr. much longer, its pinne
distant, ascending, central 2-24 in. 1—Blechnum Deplanchei, Lenorm. JSS.

Hab. New Caledonia, Deplanche.

18*. L. Gheisbreghtii, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales large, lanceolate,
brown, dense, membranous ; barren fr. oblanceolate, 3-6 in. 1., 3-1 in. br.3
pinne 15-20-jugate, close, ligulate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, obscurely

3P

482 BLECHNUM.

denticulate, slightly falcate, dilated at ‘base, central 3-8 in. 1, 2-25 lin. br. at
middle, lower gradually reduced to mere auricles, its sf. 1 in. or less, nearly
black ; teature subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked, dull-green 5 veins fine, distinct,
forked ; fertile fr. as large, with distant linear acute falcate pinnee and a much

longer st.
Hab, Chiapas, South Mexico, Gheisbreght, 207.

20*. L. andina, Baker ; rhizomefiliform, wide-creeping ; st. tufted or solitary,
1-1 in., naked, very slender ; basal scales brown, lanceolate, membranous ; sterzle
jr. oblanceolate, 14-2 in. 1, 3-4 lin. br.; pinne close, adnate, 15-20-jugate,
oblong, unequal-sided, blunt, repand, 4 in. br., cuneate-truncate on lower side
at base, lowest round-cuneate ; teatwre firm-membranous ; surfaces naked, dark-
green ; veins distant, distinct, 3-4-jugate, only lowest anterior forked ;. fertile fr.
-narrower, with spaced pinne 1-1 lin. 1.

Hab. Andes, Unduari, 10,000 ft., Pearce.

35*. L, (Plag.) costaricensis, Baker ; sterile fr. oblong, above 1 ft. 1., 6-7 in. br.,
abruptly narrowed at base ; pimne adnate, under 3 in. br., entire, subfalcate,
bluntish, confluent at base in a narrow wing, all except lowest close, the
edge revolute ; veins lax, forked, sometimes joined in costal arches ; fertile
Jr. 1h ft. 1., 3 ft. br., with lax pinne.—Plagiogyria costaricensis, ett. Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 149,

Hab. Costarica, Wendland, 1066.—Differs mainly from biserrata by its entire pinne.

XXXIV.—BLECHNUM. Page 1883—186.

5*, B. vittatum, Brack. ; st. of sterile fr, 5-6 in., clothed below with fibrillose
scales; sterile fr. oblanceolate-oblong, 1 ft. 1., 4 in. br.3 pimne@ linear, under
Z in. br., upper close, adnate to rachis by a slightly dilated base, lower lax, rather
reduced ; teature firm-membranous ; surfaces naked ; veins fine, close ; fertile fr.
rather larger, with spaced narrow pinne, upper much dilated at base—£7d.
Amer. Expl. Exped. p. 181. t. 16.

Hab. Viti, Brackenridge.

XXXVII—DOODIA. Page 189—190.

4, Beside connewa the following vars. may be distinguished :—1. Kunthiana,
Gaud. Bot. Frey. t. 14, Sandwich Isles; fr. moderately firm; central pinne
close, 1-47 in. 1., bluntish, sharply-toothed ; soré1-serial. 2. Brackenridget, Carr.
Fi, Vit. 352, Viti ; texture firm ; pinnae fewer and more distant, central 2-24
in. 1., 2 in. br., bluntish’; sor? dense, irregularly 2-serial. 8. Mélnei, Carr. FI.
Vit. p. 852, Kermadee Isles ; rachis black ; fr. firm-membranous, dark-green ;
pinne close, sharply-toothed, central 4-5 in. 1., 8-4 lin. br., acuminate. 4, durius-
cula, Moote, Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 114, New Caledonia; fr. firm, caudate;
central pinne 3-3 in. 1., oblong, obtuse ; sori 1-serial, 6-10-jugate. 5. Moorei,
Baker, N.S. Wales, C. Moore ; fr. flexible ; rachis black ; central pinne 3 in. 1,
14-2 lin, br., very acuminate, sharply-toothed ; sord 1-serial.

‘

’ XXXVIII.—ASPLENIUM.

6*. A. repandum, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales lanceolate like those
of Vittaria ; st. 8-6 in., greenish, slightly scaly ; 77. ligulate-lanceolate, 6-12
in. 1, 12-14 lin. br., acute, repand, narrowed below very gradually ; teature

ASPLENIUM. 483

subcoriaceous 3 surfaces dull-green, naked; veins erecto~patent, usually forked
at base, distinct, 1-14 lin. apart in centre of frond; soré unequal, the longer
reaching nearly to both midrib and edge.—Kuln, Fil. Afr. p. 114.

Hab. Prince’s Island, West Africa, Barter, Mann.—Very near concolor.

16*. A. Pearcei, Baker; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, greenish, naked; basal scales
minute, dense, lanceolate, dark-brown ; fr. simple (cristate at the apex in the
specimens gathered), lanceolate, 5-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., entire, narrowed suddenly
at the base ; ceztwre membranous ; surfaces dull-green, naked ; veins distinct,
slender, erecto-patent, 1-14 lin. apart in centre of frond, forked some distance
ahone fates sori slender, medial, }-2 in. 1., falling far short of both midrib
and edge,

Hab. Andes, Pozuzo, 6-7,000 ft., Pearce,

37. A. adulterinum, Milde. Fil. Eur. p. 16, Silesia and Bohemia, recedes from
type towards viride, by its more flaccid texture and green colour of upper part
of wingless rachis ; A. Newmanni, C. Bolle, Milde. Fil. Eur. p. 69, Cape Verdes,
is said to differ by its conspicuously ribbed rachis, pinne sessile from a broad
base, with a few linear and fibrillose scales beneath, basal scales without a
spurious nerve ; A. denudatum, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 93, Peru, has few short
subcostular sori; A. Wagnerz, Mett. Kuhn, Lin. 36. p. 96, Andes of Quifo,,
Spruce, 5630, is a large proliferous form like castaneum ; var. deflerum, Baker,
Guatemala, Salvin and Godman, has much-deflexed subacute inciso-pinnatifid
pinne with crowded oblique oblong 6-12-jugate sori.

42*, A, nigricans, Eaton; st. 4-5 in., tufted, naked, castaneous, winged
upwards ; fr. lanceolate, simply pinnate, 8-12 in. 1., 18-21 lin. br. ; rachis nearly
black, naked, distinctly winged ; pinne 15-20-jugate, sessile, rhomboid, central
2-4 in. br., base on upper side parallel with rachis, on lower cut away at right
angles with rachis, apex subdeltoid, blunt, rather ascending, inciso-crenate like
horizontal upper border, which in lower pinnz is auricled at base ; lowest pinne
distant, shorter, broader, cuneate-truncate at base on lower side; teature
chartaceous 3 surfaces naked ; veins distinct, pinnate-flabellate ; sor 1-4, large,
oblong, mostly in lower outer third of pinne.

Hab, Chiapas, Mexico, Gheisbreght, 377.

50*, A. subnudum, Baker; sé. and rachis grey-black, with a few minute
subulate grey scales; jr. oblong-deltoid, caudate, 1 ft. 1., ¢ ft. br. simply
pinnate; pinne 4-5-jugate, erecto-patent, 5-6 in. 1, §-in. br., ligulate-acu-
minate, subequally cuneate at base, nearly sessile, inciso-crenate, more sharply
so towards the tip, lowest not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface and
edge with a few obscure scattered grey scales; veins distant, distinct, arcuate-
ascending, forked; sor? in upper half of pinne, 3-4 lin. 1, nearer edge than
midrib.

Hab. New Caledonia, Richards, in Herb. Macleay.

51*, A. Carruthersit, Baker; st. tufted, grey-stramineous, bordered upwards
like rachis with a few adpressed minute brown scales; jr. oblong-lanceolate,
6-15in. 1; pinne 4-5-jugate, ascending, distant, distinctly stalked, ligulate-
lanceolate, acuminate, 4-5 in. 1., 3-1}'in. br., obscurely or distinctly crenate,
base unequally or subequally cuneate, lowest not reduced, the edge thickened,
pale; teature ciriaceous ; surfaces naked, pale grey-green; veins fine, close,
erecto-patent, 1 ersed ; sov¢ 3-4 lin. 1., regular, subcostular, falling far short of
the edge; énv. firm, broad.—A, salignum, Carr. Fl. Vit. p. 354, non Blume.

Hab. Viti, Seemann, 817; Damel, 142-3.—Hooker’s plate of salignum is drawn from
one of Blume’s own specimens ; that of Mettenius (Fil. Lips. t. 7) looks like this Vitian
plant.

484 ASPLENIUM.

53*. A. oblongatum, Mett.; st. and rachis naked, castaneo-ebeneous, the latter
with a distinct herbaceous wing upwards; fr. lanceolate, 14-ft. 1., proliferous
at apex; pinne lax, patent, sessile, blunt, subpinnatifid, subequal at base,
central longest, 12 in. L., 4 in. br., lower reduced gradually ; texture membra-
nous$ surfaces light-green, the lower with a few slender hairs; veins erecto-
patent ; sori 4-10-jugate, medial.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 97.

Hab. Panama, Schott, 44.—Recedes from alatum towards rhizophorum.

56%. A. decurrens, Baker; st. and rachis grey, naked ; fr. oblong-lanceolate,
15-18 in. 1.3 pinne ascending, 5-6-jugate, adnate, and abruptly decurrent on
lower, nearly or quite free and rounded on upper side at base, ligulate-lanceolate,
acute, 5-6 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., crenulate in upper half, especially near the tip, the
lowest not reduced, the end one much larger than the others, acuminate and
proliferous at the tip ; tewtwe firm-membranous ; surfaces dark-green, naked ;
veins fine, distinct, not close, erecto-patent ; sor medial or rarely prolonged to
costa, parallel, +-2 in. 1. ; 2nv. narrow, firm.

Hab, Samoa, Rev. T. Powell,

GO*. A. déplotion, Baker ; st. and rachis grey, nearly naked ; 7. oblong, simply
pinnate, 9-18 in. 1., 9-10 in. br.; pinne 6-12-jugate, lanceolate, close, sub-
patent, all except upper stalked, dilated into auricles above a broad cuneate
base, 15-18 lin. br., narrowed gradually to a long acuminate point, sharply
toothed throughout ; teature subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked; véins moderately
close and distinct, flabellate at the base of the pinnez, central much-ascending,
once forked ; sord 3-2 in. 1, reaching from midrib nearly to edge.

Hab. Mallicollo, New Hebrides, Richards, in Herb. Macleay.

ose

65*. A. atrovirens, Baker; st. and rachises dull, blackish, with a few minute
scattered lanceolate scales ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1, gemmiparous at
apex ; pinne 10-15-jugate, not close, ascending, linear-ligulate, 5-6 in. 1., #-lin.
br., acuminate, slightly crenate towards tip, more cuneate on the lower than the
upper side at the base, subpetiolate, lowest not reduced ; texture thin but firm ;
surfaces naked, dark-green 5 veins erecto-patent, fine, forked, not close ; sorz
regular, parallel, medial, 4-3 in. ]., a space from both edge and costa.—A. persi-
cifolium, var. atrovirens, AZ. Sp. 3. p. 109.

Hab. Guadalcomar, Solomon Isles, MiIne.

65*. A. Zenkerianum, Kze. ; st. 6-9 in. 1. grey-green, tufted, slightly scaly ;
fr. oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1, sometimes proliferous at the tip ; pine distant,
15-20-jugate, stalked, ligulate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 in 1. 1-14 in. br., dis-
tinctly inciso-crenate, broadly rounded on the upper, cuneate-truncate on the
lower side at the base, lowest rather reduced ; texture thin, but firm; sumfaces
naked, dark-green ; veins erecto-patent, fine, distant, forked ; soré regular,
parallel, 3-4 lin. 1., near the costa, scarcely produced more than halfway to edge ;
anv. broad, firm.—A. persicifolium, 4. Sp. 8. p. 109. ex parte.

Hab. Neilgherries and Ceylon.

65*. A. Milnei, Carruth. ; st. and rachises greenish, slightly fibrillose ; /r.
oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 ft. L. ; pinnae Toe jopatey linear-ligulate, acuminate, 3-4
in. L., $-g in. br., sharply toothed, especially towards tip, subpetiolate, parallel
with the rachis on the upper, cuneate-truncate on the lower side at base ; texture
thin, but firm ; surfaces naked, dark-green ; veins distinct, slender, erecto-patent;

or ee close, 4-5 lines l., reaching nearly to both edge and midrib.

Hab. Lord Howe's Island, Milne.—Sori like those of multiléneatun.

ASPLENIUM. 485

69*, A. macrophlebium, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; basal scales lanceolate, mem -
branous, dull-brown ; st. 8-4 in. 1., like the rachis, furnished with a few spreading
scales like those of the base; fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 2-24 in br., proliferous ;
pinne 15-20-jugate,.close, subsessile, blunt, lanceolate, unequal-sided, 1-11 in. 1,
2-3 in. br., deeply crenate, parallel with rachis on upper side, cuneate-
truncate on lower, lowest rather reduced, much deflexed, auricled ; tevtwre mo-
derately firm; rachis narrowly winged upwards ; susfaces naked, dull-green ;
veins distinct, distant, erecto-patent, most simple ; sord infra-medial, many
parallel, 1-14 lin. 1.

Hab. Fernando Po, 2,000 ft., Mann, 338.—General habit between tencrum and
abscissum.

70*. A. centrifugale, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales dark-brown, minute,
linear-subulate ; st. 3-4 in., naked, purplish-brown ; 7”. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 23-8
in. br. ; rachis narrowly winged below the pinne ; pinne 12-15-jugate, sessile,
moderately close, lanceolate-falcate, unequal-sided, 1-1} in. 1. $in. br., acumi-
nate, toothed, upper base square, auricled, lower cuneate-truncate, lowest little
reduced ; texture thin, firm; surfaces naked, bright-green ; veins erecto-patent,
fine, moderately close, simple or forked ; sord irregular, 1-14 lin. L, mostly remote
from midrib and near edge.

Hab. Tarapoto, East Peru, Spruce, 4085.

72*. A. angolense, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-12 in., dull-green, with a few minute
spreading linear scales ; jf. oblong-deltoid, 5-6 in. 1., gemmiparous; rachis con-
tinuously winged in upper half and below the pinne ; pinn@ 3-4-jugate, ascend-
ing, ligulate-lanceolate, 2-4 in. 1., 3-2 in. br., acuminate, dentate, base narrowly
winged, upper side parallel with rachis, lower cuneate-truncate ; ¢eature subco-
riaceous ; surfaces naked, dark-green ; veins erecto-patent, distant, forked ; soré
regular, parallel, reaching from near midrib to within a short distance of edge,
lower 3-3 in. 1.

Hab. Angola, Welwitsch, 86.

75*. A. equabile, Baker ; st. short, grey, naked; /r. lanceolate, 4-5 in. L.,
lin. br.; penne close, 15-20-jugate, lower distinctly stalked, many lower equal,
rhomboid-oblong, very unequal-sided, obtuse, inciso-crenate, 4 in. |., 3-4 lin. br.,
square, often subauricled on upper side at base, much truncate on lower ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins erecto-patent, fine, moderately close, simple except lowest,
stopping a space from edge of crenations ; sod regular, parallel, 1-13 lin. 1., nearer
edge than midrib ; énv. broad, firm.

Hab. Island of Diego Garcia, Mascaren group, sent by Lady Barkly.

86. A. Serra, var. natalensis, Baker ; pinne pinnatifid throughout halfway
down to the rachis, with sharply-toothed -erecto-patent lobes; sori crowded
against midrib.

Hab. Natal, Buchanan.

94*, A. Gardneri, Baker; rhizome short-creeping ; sé. grey, 2-G in., with a
few small scattered scales; fr. lanceolate, 3-1 ft. ., 3-5 in. br., often gemmi-
parous ; rachis not winged ; pinne 8-10-jugate, distant, ascending, lanceolate, sub-
petiolate, acute, central 2-3 in. L, §-3 in. br., toothed, square on upper side,
cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; ¢ezture thin but firm, supple ; surfaces
bright-green, naked ; veizs erecto-patent, forked, moderately close ; soré regular,
parallel, 5-6-jugate, 7-5 in. 1, nearer midrib than edge. A. macrophyllum,
Thwaites, non Sw.

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, Thwattes, C. P. 1871, Wall.—For pointing out the distinctive
characters here J am entirely indebted to Mr. Wall.

486 ASPLENIUM.

96. A. petiolulatum, Mett., Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 110, Bourbon, and A. comptum,
Hance, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5 vol. p. 255, China, differ from type by their shorter,
subdeltoid, deeply-lobed, distinctly-stalked lower pinnee ; and var. subequilaterale,
Baker, Fernando Po, Mann, 879, by its more numerous (15-16-jugate) pinne,
the lowest narrowed into a petiolule 3-4 lines long, more rigid texture, closer
sori (not less than 80 to a pinna), and upper base more cuneate-truncate.

107*, A. lividum, Mett. ; rhézome stout, short-creeping ; s¢. 5-6 in., dull brown-
black, nearly naked ; fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. L, 25 in. br., bipinnatifid ; rachis
naked, greenish, flattened in upper half; pinne 10-12-jugate, lanceolate-acute,
subpetiolate, 1}-14 in. L, }in. br., square on upper side, broadly truncate in a
curve on lower side at base, cut down to a narrow centre into irregularly
deeply inciso-crenate square ascending lobes, the lowest anterior much largest,
8-4 lin. br.; dexture subcoriaceous ; surfaces green, naked; veins immersed,
close ; sord irregular, 4-8 in. 1, reaching into the lower, not into the upper lobes.
—Kuihn, Linn, 36. p. 100.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 156; Angola, Welwitsch, 89, 101.—Between caudatum and
furcatum. ;

107*. A. lobulatum, Mett.; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 6-9 in., grey, nearly
naked; fr. lanceolate, 1-13 ft. 1, 5-6 in. br.; pinne 15-20-jugate, lanceolate,
subpetiolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1-lz in. br., narrowed from base to acute or acuminate
point, inciso-pinnatifid in upper half, deeply pinnatifid in lower, basal anterior
lobe much produced, base on lower side cuneate-truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
surfaces naked ; vens fine, pinnate in many lower lobes ; soré reaching nearly
from midrib to edge, lower 3-2 in. L—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 100.

Hab. Sandwich Isles,—Midway between caudatum and affine.

109*. A. Gueinzianum, Mett. ; st. greenish, with a few scattered ovate scales ;
Jr. lanceolate, 9 in. 1, 14 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnw many, lax, subpetiolate,
rhomboid-oblong, #in. 1, cut down to a broad wing, rounded with an auricle
on upper side at base, cuneate-truncate on lower ; lobes 2-3-jugate, lowest on
upper side cuneate-obovate ; tevture subcoriaceous ;. surfaces dull-green, naked ;
sort 1-2-jugate, subparallel with costa, and 1-2 oblique at base of lowest lobe.—
Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 103.

Hab. Natal, Gueinzius, ;
110*, A. purpurascens, Mett., rhizome wide-creeping ; scales minute, blackish ;
st. 7 in. 1., bright purplish like rachis; /”. deltoid, 9 in. 1., bipinnatifid ; pinnae
short-stalked, close, patent, lanceolate-acuminate; pimnl. oblong-lanceolate all
but lowest, confluent in a narrow wing, obtusely toothed; surfaces glabrous,
light-green ; veins distinct, oblique, simple or forked, running up to sinuses of
teeth 5 soré long but falling short of edge and midrib.—Kwhn, Linn. 86. p. 102.

Hab. Foot of Mount Chimborazo, ‘Spruce, 5697”; but our specimen of that number
is A. cultrifolium, i

114*. A. parallelum, Baker ; st. naked, 2-24 ft. ; fr. deltoid, 13-2 ft. 1., bipin-
nate; rachises grey, naked; lower pinne deltoid, stalked, 7-8 in. 1.; pinal.
linear, entire, 2-3 in. 1, gradually narrowed to a cuneate sessile base, and an
acute point, slightly cut away on lower side ; teatwre subcoriaceous; surfaces
naked, grey-green ; soré erecto-patent, simple, parallel, nearly touching both
edge aan midrib; inv. broad, persistent.—A. bipinnatum, Hilleb, MSS. non

rack.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.—Like bipinnate Walker or sumatranum.

ASPLENIUM. 487

115*. A. Aaussknechtii, Godet and Reut.; st. tufted, 2-3 in., green, very
slender, naked ; /r. deltoid, bipinnate, 1-2 in. 1. ; rachés green, flattened ; pinne
few, distant, lowest largest, deltoid, stalked, cut down to rachis into 3-5 cuneate-
obovate sessile or subpetiolate pinnl., 1-1} lin. br., irregularly crenate-lobate on
outer edge; ¢extwre membranous ; surfaces green, naked ; veins close, flabellate ;
sort oblong, confluent into an irregular mass near base of pinnules.—/ilde. Fil,
Eur, p. 78.

Hab. Asia Minor, Kotschy, Haussknecht.

115*. A. Rawson, Baker; st. tufted, 4-5 in., naked, castaneous ; basal scales
minute, lanceolate-acuminate, dull-brown ; /r. oblong-deltoid, 2-3 in. ]., bipin-
nate ; rachis green, deeply sulcate; pinne 6-8-jugate, lowest largest, deltoid,
stalked, with 3-5 distant sessile cuneate-obovate pinnl. 13-2 lin. br., denticulate
round outer edge-; ¢evtwre subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, naked ; veins close,
flabellate, channelled ; sori medial, 1-1} lin. 1., finally confluent in an irregular
mass, filling centre of pinnule.—Journ, Bot. 1872, p. 862. A. Ruta-muraria,
Pappe & Rawson, non L.

Hab. Muizenberg Mountain, Cape Colony, R. W. Rawson.

118. A. depidum, Presl, Milde. Fil. Eur. p. 81, Italy, differs from type by
greenish, not castaneous stem, and fimbriated involucre.

122*. A. Wilfordii, Mett. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; basal scales dense,
linear-subulate, castaneous ; sf. 4-8 in., greenish, naked ; fr. 4-1 ft. 1., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; rachis green, flattened upwards ; pinne close, deltoid,
ascending, stalked, many lower subequal, $-1} in. br., cuneate-truncate on
lower side at base; lower tertiary segm. cuneate, 1-2 lin. br., deeply flabellato-
pinnatifid, with sharply-toothed lobes, each tooth 1-veined ; ¢eatwre subcoriaceous ;
surfaces dull-green, oe 3 veins flabellate, fine, distinct ; sord medial, irregular,
zl lin,

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 871; Maximowicz, 45; Tsus-sima, Wilford, 788.—Midway
between Adiantum nigrum and sepulchrale.

120*. A. Bradleyi, Eaton; st. tufted, 2-3 in. I., ebeneous, as is lower half of
rachis ; basal scales brown-black, lanceolate-acuminate ; /r. 5-7 in. 1, oblong-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinme 8-12-jugate, short-stalked, ovate-oblong, the
lowest not reduced, the largest pinnatifid, with oblong lobes toothed at the tip ;
teature membranous ; soré short, subcostular ; nv. membranous.

Hab. East Tennessee, Prof. Bradley.—Between montanum and lanceolatum.

124", A. splendens, Kze.; rhizome creeping ; scales minute, linear, bright-
brown ; st. 6-9 in., greenish, with a few scales below; fr. deltoid, 4-1 ft. 1,
2-3 pinnate; lower pinnw stalked, deltoid, 1-2 in. br., pinnate or bipinnate ;
segm, cuneate-flabellate, 3-4 in. br., slightly lobed, sharply toothed round outer
edge; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked, upper shining; veins close, fine,
flabellate ; sorz copious, slender, irregular, reaching nearly from base to tip of
segments.—Hé. Sp. 3. p. 168.

Hab, Cape Colony.—More coriaceous than cuneatum, with sharper closer teeth.

125. A. furcatum, var. tripinnatum, Baker ; lower pinne 2 in. br., bipinnate,
with distant pinni, and obovate-cuneate free lower segments 4-4 in. br.

Hab, Natal, Gerrard, 592, Buchanan, McKen.

128*, A. Linckit, Kuhn; st. stramineous, with scattered ovate-acuminate
scales; fr. subdeltoid, 8-9 in. 1., 4-pinnatifid ; pinnae lax, 10-12-jugate, lowest
largest, deltoid ; ult. /obes stalked, oblanceolate-cuneate, with sharp, narrow,

*

488 ASPLENIUM,

unequal teeth ; teztwe subcoriaceous ; upper side bright-green ; veins flabellate ;
sort ¢ in. 1.— Fil. Afr, p. 22.

Hab. Mount Kilmanjaro, East Tropical Africa, 5-8,000 ft., Kersten.

124%. A. Mettenit, Kuhn; rachis livid, laxly clothed with ovate-acuminate
blackish scales; /r. 8-pinnatifid ; pifine_ oblong -lanceolate,‘3 in. 1., stalked,
acuminate, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; segm. short-stalked, con-
fluent at base in a narrow wing, cuneate-obovate, blunt, obtusely toothed ;
texture thin but rather fleshy ; surfaces dull-green, with very minute blackish
scales ; veins erecto-patent ; sori 2-5-jugate.—ful, Afr. p. 20. .

Hab. East Tropical Africa, near Mombas, Kersten.

183%. A. Glenniei, Baker; caud. erect; scales minute, dark-brown, linear-
setaceous ; st. densely tufted, 4-1 in., castaneous, slightly scaly; jr. oblan-
ceolate, bipinnate, 8-4in. 1, #-l in. br.; rachis flattened, green in upper two-
thirds ; pinne 20-25-jugate, lanceolate, subpetiolate, blunt, central g-$ in. 1.,
4 in. br., many lower gradually reduced, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ;
pinnl. 5-6-jugate, oblong, adnate, toothed, externally subentire or lowest an-
terior pinnatifid ; tevture subcoriaceous ; surfaces green, naked ; veins immersed,
obscure ; sor oblong, costular, one at base of each pinnl., 2 or more to lowest
anterior.—Athyrium gracile, Fournier.

Hab. Mexico, Consul Glennie, Bourgeau, 252.—Very near some of the forms of
fontanum, ‘

133*, A. spinescens, Mett. ; rhizome short ; scales brown, lanceolate-acuminate ;
st. 3-4 in., green; jr. lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., bipinnatifid; rachés flattened,
narrowly winged ; penne 9-jugate, sessile, rhomboid-oblong, blunt, pinnatifid,
central + in. 1., lower reduced ; pinnl. 2-3-jugate, with subspinose teeth, lowest
anterior cuneate, 3-dentate ; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces pale-green, gla-
brous ; sori near the costa and nearly parallel with it.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 98.

Hab. Bolivia, D’ Orbigny, 354.

133*. A. micropteron, Baker; st. + in., flattened, castaneous; basal scales
linear, brown ; rachis much produced beyond the lamina, rooting at the tip,
green and flattened with a narrow wing down to the base; /. lanceolate, bipin-
natifid, 2-4 in. L, 4-Zin. br. ; pinne 15-20-jugate, sessile, central close, deltoid,
bluntish, reduced and cuneate-truncate at base on lower side, lowest reduced,
upper lax, cut down to a narrow wing into close erecto-patent pinni,, upper lan-
ceolate, lowest anterior cuneate-deltoid, 3-1 lin. br., sharply toothed externally ;
texture subcoriaceous 5 surfaces green, naked; soré costular, linear-oblong, 1 to
each upper pinnl., 2-3 to lowest anterior.

Hab. San Luis, 7,000 ft., Pearce.

144, Mettenius and Kuhn, Linnea, 86, p. 99, separate the Tropical American
plant as a species under the name of A. commutatum.

147", A. tenerrimum, Mett.; st. tufted, very slender, castaneous, naked, 1-2
in. 1.5 fr. deltoid, 3-4 in. 1., 3-4-pinnatifid; pinne few, deltoid, lowest largest,
sessile or short-stalked ; pinnl. few, deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at
base ; lower segm. obovate-cuneate, deeply flabellately pinnatifid, with linear
acute I-veined lobes 4-4 lin. br. 3 teatwre membranous ; surfaces naked, bright-

green ; sor¢ oblong.—A. delicatulum, edit. 1. ex parte.
Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 454, Purdie,

165*. A. pteridoides, Baker; st. 3-4 in., dull-green, naked ; fr. oblong-
deltoid, 8-9 in. 1., tripinnatifid ; rachés flattened, naked, winged in upper half;

ASPLENIUM. 489

pinne: close, lower stalked, lanceolate-deltoid, 13-2 in. br., lowest rather shorter
and broader than central ; pinnl. rhomboid, sessile, erecto-patent, cuneate and
entire in lower half, }-$ in. br., pinnatifid in upper half, with ascending blunt
ligulate or oblong lobes ; ¢ezture flaccid, but firm ; surfaces naked, dark-green ;
veins fine, distant, erecto-patent ; soré on outside of veins in the lobes only, 3-3
in. 1.—Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 17.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.
184. A. thelypteroides, var. allantodioides; pinni. ineiso-dentate ; sori shorter,

oblong, not more than 4 lin. 1.—Athyrium allantodioides, Bedd. F. B. I.
t, 221.

Hab. East Himalayas.
188. A. achélleefolium, var. grande ; sori much larger than in type, 13-2 lines,

mostly in « single row on each side close to midrib of pinng.—Athyrium
grande, Fée.

Hab. Mexico, Borgeau, 2009.
189. A. macrocarpum, var. Atkinsoni, Clarke ; fr. membranous, 8-4 in. 1., lan-

ceolate bipinnatifid ; basal scales minute, red-brown, lanceolate acuminate ; inv.
fimbriated.

Hab. Sikkim, C. B. Clarke.

192*. A. (Athyr.) Schimperi, A. Br. ; rhizome wide-creeping, 3 in. thick ; basal
scales 3-4 lines, linear or lanceolate, bright-brown; st. 13ft., naked strami-
neous ; fr. oblong-lanceolate or -deltoid, +14 ft. 1., 3-9 in. br., 3-4-pinnatifid ;
pinne close, lanceolate, stalked, lowest distant, reduced ; segm. close, oblong or
lanceolate, sharply inciso-dentate ; ¢ezture firm, membranous ; surfaces green,
naked ; veins pinnate in lobes ; soré small, oblong-reniform.—Athyrium Schim-
peri, Moug. in Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 186.

Hab. Abyssinia, Schimper, 741, &c. ; Cameroon Mountains, 7,000 ft., Mann.—Differs
mainly from Filiz-femina by its wide-creeping rhizome.

198. The following vars. may be distinguished :—1. australe, R. Br., India,
Australia, Tropical Africa ; fr. 3-pinnatifid, more flaccid in texture than type;
ult. segm. broader, blunter ; sori Jonger (1 line). 2. multicaudatum (Wall. D. Jer-
doni, Bedd. F. B. I. t. 327), Himalayas ; fr. firmer in texture, 4-pinnatifid ; ult.
segm. ligulate, toothed, blunt, 1-13 lin. br., containing several short (3 line) sori.
3. procerum (Wall), Himalayas; jr. larger, moderately firm, fully 4-pinnate ;
ult. lobes blunt, entire, with a single oblong 3 lin. sorus at their base. 4. assimile
(Endl. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 294), Australia, Norfolk Island, Ceylon ; /r. bright-green,
4-pinnate ; 4-nary lobes 1-14 lin. br., entire or subpinnatifid, nearly filled with
erecto-patent linear-oblong often diplazioid sori. A. (Dipl.) Grifithii, No. 245,
is perhaps a fifth variety.

208%. A. (Dipl.) Riedelianum, Bong.; st. 1 ft., naked, grey-stramineous ;
fr. Janceolate-acuminate, 1 ft. 1, 4-5 in. br., pinnatifid in upper, simply pinnate
in lower half; lowest pinna@ much longest, subpetiolate, lanceolate, entire, acute,
ascending, 3-4 in. ]., 1 in. br., square on upper side at base, rounded from midrib
on lower, axils gemmiparous, all except 2-3 lower pairs more or less adnate ;
divisions of pinnatifid apex blunt, rather imbricated ; texture firm, thin ; surfaces
naked, bright-green ; veins distinct, distant, in sparingly pinnated groups ; sort
medial, 3-4 lines.—Baker, Fl. Bras. fasc. 49, p. 450. t.61, D. dissimile, Fée, Fil,
Bras. t. 21. fig. 1.

Hab, South Brazil, Riedel, Fritz Muller.
3 Q

490 ASPLENIUM.

214*, A. (Dipl.) nicotianefolium, Mett, ; st. and rachis dull-brown, slightly
furfuraceous ; fr. subdeltoid, simply pinnate, 2-3 ft. 1., 2 ft. br. ; all pinnae except
uppermost free, lowest largest, petiolate, oblong-lanceoalate, 2-1 ft, 1., 3-34 in. br.,
cuspidate, obscurely denticulate, subequally truncate on both sides at base ; tex-
ture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, naked ; veins distinct, in close erecto-
patent little-ascending groups of 4-6 veinlets each ; sori slender, touching midrib,
not edge, reaching 1-14 in. L—Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5. vol, 2. p. 384,

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 263.

216*, A. (Dipl.) meglectum, Karst. 3 st. and rachis dull-brown or nearly black,
naked or slightly scaly ; 7”. simply pinnate, oblong-deltoid, 2-3 ft. L, 1-19 ft. br. ;
pinne: 8-10-jugate below pinnatifid apex, distinctly stalked, ligulate-lanceolate,
acuminate, lower 6-9 in. J., 1-14 in. br., more or less toothed, truncate or subcu-
neate at base, not auricled ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces dark-green, naked ;
veins distinct, moderately close, lower in groups of 4-6 ; sord begin at midrib, 4-4
in. L, rarely reaching into outer half of pinne.—F7. Columb. 1, p. 106. t. 52.

Hab. Andes of New Granada and Mexico.

216*, A. (Dipl.) centripetale, Baker ; caud. erect, 2 ft. high; st. dull-brown,
1 ft. 1, clothed throughout with large linear brown membranous scales ; /r.
oblong-deltoid, simply pinnate, 14-2 ft. 1., 1-13 ft. br.; pimnew 12-20-jugate,
segsile, patent, ligulate-lanceolate, largest 6-8 in. 1., 1-1} in. br., acute, obscurely
repand-crenate, equally truncate at base, lowest reduced, deflexed ; rachis fur-
furaceous ; texture membranous ; surfaces naked, deep-green ; veins close, distinct,
4-6 to lower groups ; soré copious, slender, touching midrib, but usually ceasing
halfway across to edge.

Hab. Jamaica, Macfadyen, Purdie; Martinique,’ Belanger.—Between sylvaticum and
celtidifolium.

225*. A. (Dipl.) brachypodum, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, 4-1 in., dark-green,
with a few minute linear scales ; fr. oblanceolate acuminate, 4-6 in. 1, 1 in. br.,
bipinnate ; lower pinne lanceolate-deltoid, 4 in. br., distinctly stalked, square on
upper side, cuneate-truncate on lower, cut down to rachis below, many lower
distant, reduced ; lowest anterior pinnd. much largest, cuneate-oblong, dentate,
1-14 lin. br., the others lanceolate, entire ; tewture moderately firm ; surfaces
dull-green ; rachis naked ; veins pinnate in lower lobes ; sord medial, linear.

Hab. Luzon, Philippines, Cuming, 56.

226*. A. (Dipl.) polyrhizon, Baker ; caud. erect ; st. tufted, grey, 3-1 ft., with
scattered lanceolate brown membranous scales; fr. oblong-deltoid, 6-9 in. 1,
bipinnatifid ; pinn@ ligulate-lanceolate, patent, lower distant, subpetiolate, 2-8
in, L, 2-1in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close oblong patent blunt
lobes 15-25 lin. br., entire or inciso-crenate, lowest of lower pinne reduced ;
rachis nearly naked ; teatwre membranous ; surfaces naked, bright-green ; veins
copiously pinnate in pinnules ; sori regular, parallel, medial.—Diplazium decus-
satum, Bedd. F. S. L. t. 292,

Hab. Ceylon, Thwattes, 3951.— Differs from japanicum by its erect caudex.

226*. A. (Dipl.) confluens, Kze.; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 13-2 in., slender,
green, naked 3 fr. lanceolate, 8-4 in. 1, 1 in. br., bipinnatifid ; rachis slender,
naked, winged in upper half ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, blunt, } in. br., cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base, central sessile, crenate, lowest subpetiolate, bluntly
lobed halfway down ; texture membranous ; surfaces naked, bright-green ; veins
subpinnate in lowest lobes only ; soré very short, medial,

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 2925.

ASPLENIUM. 491

226*. A. (Dipl.) grammitoides, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; scales copious,
lanceolate, brown, membranous ; sf. grey-stramineous, 3-4 in }., scaly throughout ;
Jr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. l., bipinnatifid ; rachés stramineous, copiously scaly, winged
in upper half ; lower pinne distant, free, subpetiolate, lanceolate, }-1in. 1., in. br.,
much reduced on lower side, cut down to a broad wing into close oblong subentire
lobes, lowest anterior largest ; texture moderately firm; ribs below rather scaly;
veins pinnate in lower lobes; sori oblong, most in a row oblique close to midrib
of pinne.— Hk, Sp. 3. p. 228. ex parte. Hk. Ic. t. 913.

Hab, Philippine and Malay Isles.—D. Solanderi, Carruth. Fl. Vit., p. 356, from the
Sandwich Isles, differs by its nearly naked stem and rachis,

231*. A. (Dipl.) Schkuhri, Thwaites; caud. erect ; scales dense, small, lan-
ceolate, dark-brown ; sf. $12 ft., grey-green, naked; fr. deltoid, 13-2 ft. 1, tri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinne distant, oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., their
rachis winged to base ; pinni. ligulate-oblong, 2 in. br., sessile, cut into shallow
close oblong blunt lobes ; ¢ezture moderately firm ; surfaces bright-green, naked ;
veins pinnate only in lowest tertiary segm. ; sori 4 in., medial in a single row in
oe Pivnnlee—Diplaziiins Schkuhri, Bedd. F. S. £. t. 280. D. microphyllum,

eso, 2

Hab. Ceylon, C. P., 3100.—General habit and cutting just that of some of the forms
of American crenulatum.

235*, A. (Dipl.) Milde’, Kuhn ; st. 4-6 in., tufted, dull-brown, naked ; fr.
oblong-lanceolate, 6-9 in. ]., bipinnate ; pinne close, stalked, lanceolate, ascend-
ing, under 1 in. br., produced on upper, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base,
several lower subequal; lower pinni. ascending-rhomboid, distinctly stalked,
1}-2 lin. br., auricled on upper, subdimidiate on lower side ; texture moderately
firm ; surfaces naked, dark-green ; venules distinct, erecto-patent ; soré 4-2 in.,
produced from midrib nearly to edge—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 95.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 727; Spruce, 5835.—Perhaps a variety of
Franconia.

244, A. (Dipl.) sechellarum, Baker ; arborescent ; st. and rachises brown-stra-
mineous, glabrous, muricated ; basal scales firm, lanceolate, brown, 2 in.; j*.
5-6 ft. lL, subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1.; pinnd,
ligulate-lanceolate, sessile or short-stalked, 2-3} in. 1., 2-1 in. br., cut down to a
narrow wing into close ligulate toothed segm. 1-1} lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous;
surfaces bright-green, naked ; veins 8-12-jugate, simple, with sori running nearly
from midrib to edge. :

Hab. Seychelles, frequent in damp, shady woods, Bouton, Horne, 165 ; Madagascar,
Boivin.—Trunk 6 feet high.

251*, A. (Dipl.) membranaceum, Mett.; arborescent ; rachises dull-brown, naked,
not muricated ; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinne oblong-lanceolate,
1ft. or more L., 5-6 in. br. ; pinnl. sessile, ligulate-lanceolate, 2-2 in. br., cut down
to a broad wing into close denticulate blunt lobes 2-24 lin. br., base on lower side
slightly oblique ; éeature chartaceous ; surfaces green, naked ; reins distinct, dis-
tant, 5-6-jugate, simple; sor slender, reaching nearly from midrib to edge.—
Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 103.

Hab. Pitcairn’s Island, Matthews, Cuming ; Coral Island, Beechey ; and a closely-allied
plant with pinnules more cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, the lower stalked,
from Samoa, gathered by Rev. T. Powell and J. G. Veitch.—Differs from Mascaren
arborescens by broader segments and fewer veins.

251%. A. (Dipl.) Gaudichaudit, Mett.; arborescent ; st. nodulose, purplish-
black at base ; basal scales 4-3 in., lanceolate, blackish ; fr. ample, subdeltoid,

492 DIPLORA.

tripinnatifid ; rachis smooth, livid, scattered over with flaccid scales above ;
pinne oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. 1; pinnl. sessile. or short-stalked, ligulate-lan-
ceolate, 24 in. l., §-2in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into bluntly-toothed
segm. ; veins simple, distant, 3-4-jugate ; sor? thickish, infra-medial.—Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 108.

Hab. Island of Rawak, Gaudichaud.

245*. A. (Dipl.) polyanthes, Soland; arborescent ; fv. ample, deltoid, tripin-
natifid ; rachises naked, grey, not muricated ; pinnw oblong-lanceolate, 1-1}
ft. 1. 5 pinnd. ligulate-lanceolate, distinctly stalked, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down
to a narrow wing into close blunt subentire segm. 14-2 lin. br.; teatwre mem-
branous ; surfaces glabrous, bright-green ; veins 7-8-jugate, distinct, lower forked ;
soré not touching midrib or edge, lower 2 lin., upper 1 lin. 1.

Hab. Otaheite, Six Joseph Banks.

260*. A. (Dipl.) herbaceum, Baker ; arborescent ; rachzses stramineous, naked ;
fr. ample, subdeltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinne oblong-deltoid, 14-2 ft. 1. ; pinnl.
distinctly stalked, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. ; segm.
sessile, ligulate-oblong, blunt, pinnatifid, with close blunt entire lobes ; teature
membranous ; surfaces bright-green, naked ; veins pinnate in final lobes ; soré
1-14 lin., touching midrib, falling short of edge.—Diplazium herbaceum, Fée,
Fil, Bras. t. 28. fig. 1. A. Glaziovii, Baker, Fl. Bras. fasc. 49, p. 455.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 2061, 5808, Lieut. Carr; and a closely-allied plant from
Peruvian Andes, Spruce, 5701.

277". A. (Hemi.) Gheisbreghtii, Fourn. ; fr. densely cespitose, 14 ft. 1, 14
in. br. at middle, lanceolate, entire, narrowed gradually from the middle to an
acute point and short st. ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces pale-green, glabrous ;
veins fine, erecto-patent, uniform, forming several rows of areole between the
midrib and edge ; sorz linear, largest lin. ]., forming an angle of 10 degrees with
midrib near it.— Fl. Mex. p.111.%.5. ©

Hab. Mexico, Gheisbreght, 16.

XXXVIII*.—DIPLORA, Baker.

Sorus sausage-shaped, running » the erecto-patent simple vein from the mid-
rib of the frond to its margin. Jnvol. with two equal narrowly strapshaped
valves, meeting in the middle over the raised vein, and bursting open as the sorus
matures.—Journ. Bot. new series 2. p. 235, with plate.

1. D. integrifolia, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, naked, green, woody, under
1 lin, thick ; st. agticulated at the base, under 1 in., naked, greenish ; fr. entire,
linear-ligulate, 94 0 in. 1, 4 in. br., narrowed to both ends, obscurely crenato-
repand ; texture membranous ; surfaces green, naked ; veins distinct, erecto-patent,
usually simple ; sord 4-% in. 1, 50-60 on each side of midrib.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Irs. Burnett.—Habit and rhizome like Asplenium vitte;forme.

XLITI.—ASPIDIUM. Page 248-259.

3*, A. (Polyst.) craspedosorum, Maxim. ; caud. erect ; scales large, brown, lan-
ceolate ; sf. 1-14 in., stramineous, scaly throughout, like the rachis ; /r. lanceolate,
simply pinnate, 4-6 in. 1, 3-1} in. br., often rooting at tip; pinne 20-30-jugate,
sessile, lanceolate, blunt, unequal-sided, serrate, 1$-2 lin. br., square on upper
side, euneate-truncate on lower side at base, lowest shorter, deflexed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both sides pale-green, with a few scales ; sor? crowded, marginal,

NEPHRODIUM. 493

often restricted to upper side of pinne ; ina. large (4 lin. br.), convex, mem-
branous, dark-brown, glabrous.—Decad. 7. p. 341.

Hab. Japan and Manchuria.

13*. A. auriculatum, ¢ A. obliquum, Don; dwarfer than type, seldom above
3 ft. high, simply pinnate; pinne shorter and broader, narrowed more suddenly
to an often bluntish point, and more bluntly toothed.—A. czspitosum, Wall.

Hab. Himalayas.

37*. A. aristatum, § A. assamicum, Kuhn ; fr. subcoriaceous, tripinnatifid ;
lower pinnl. distant, long-stalked, oblique, lanceolate-acuminate, deltoid-cuneate
at base, 3-4 in. 1., cut down nearly to rachis into crenate ascending oblong-lan-
ceolate segm. $-? in. 1., half as broad.—Linn. 36. p. 108.

Hab. Assam, Falconer.

49*. A. nicaraguense, Baker ; fr. dimorphous ; st. of barren 4-6 in., castaneous,
with a few lanceolate scales near base ; blade oblong-lanceolate, entire, 6-9 in. 1.,
23-3 in. br., acuminate, rounded or cordate at base ; ¢ezture firm, membranous ;
surfaces naked, bright-green ; main veins erecto-patent, distinct nearly to edge,
with copious distinct areole, with forked or simple included veinlets ; fertile fr.
smaller, longer-stalked ; sorz in rows close to the main veins, 6-10 between mid-
rib and edge.—Bathmium nicaraguense, Fournier, Bot. Zeit. 1873. p. 7.

Hab. Chontales, Ralph Tate, 40; Levy, 451.

XLIV.—NEPHRODIUM. Page 259-300.

6*. N. (Last.) Sancti-gabrieli, Baker ; st. 18 in. ]., pale-brown, with a few lan-
ceolate scales near the base ; fr. lanceolate-deltoid, 2 ft. 1., simply pinnate ; pinne
numerous, lowest largest, linear-ligulate, short-stalked, narrowed gradually to
the point, 5-6 in. 1., $-2 in. br., crenate, square, and much auricled on the upper,
cuneate-truncate on the lower side at the base; ¢ezture thin, but firm ; surfaces
dark-green, naked ; veins pinnate in lower lobes; sor? 2-4-serial between edge
and midrib, 5-6-serial in lowest lobe; inv. fugacious.—Polypodium, edif. 1.
p. 304.

Hab. Amazon Valley, Spruce, 2153.

13*, N. (Last.) Walkera, Baker ; st. 1-1} ft., sabstramineous, clothed throughout
with linear scales ; /r. 13-3 ft. 1., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinne nu-
merous, linear-ligulate, short-stalked, acuminate, crenate, lower 5-6 in. 1, 2-1
in. br., square or broadly cuneate on upper, cuneate-truncate on lower side at
base ; zeature subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, naked ; veins in pinnated groups;
sori 2-3-serial between midrib and edge; inv. very fugacious.—Poly podium,
edit. 1. p. 305.

Hab. Ceylon, C. P., 3276.—Besides the type as described, there are two striking
varieties,—one with similar pinne, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis below into
blunt oblong-ligulate lobes, and a second with lanceolate lower pinne 2-3 in. broad, with
20-80-jugate lanceolate-crenate pinnules,

17%. N. (Last.) Lindeni, Baker ; st. 3-6 in., tufted, slender, grey-stramineous,
densely clothed near base with spreading linear brown scales; fr. lanceolate, 6-9
in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bipinnatifid ; lower pinne lanceolate, short-stalked, 1-13 in. L.,
8-2 in. br., cut down nearly to midrib into inciso-crenate close blunt lobes 1-13
fin. br.; lowest pinne and their lowest pinnl. rather reduced ; rachis slender,
with a few scattered scales ; ¢ezture membranous ; midrib on. both sides obscurely

494 NEPHRODIUM.

scaly ; veins simple, distant, 8-5-jugate ; sori minute, medial ; inp. fugacious.—
Aspidium, Kuhn, Linn. 36. p.116. Polyp. incisum, Mart. & Gal. Foug. Men.
Dp. 43

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

17*, N. (Last.) Hopeanum, Baker ; st. 12-15 in, grey, glossy, naked ; /r. oblong-
lanceolate, 1 ft. L., 6-7 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinne distant, sessile, caudate, lower
8-4 in. 1., §-2 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into ligulate-falcate entire
lobes 4 in. br., the lowest of which on both sides are much reduced ; tip of fr.
like one of the pinne ; teature subcoriaceous ; rachis grey, slightly pubescent ;
surfaces dull-green, naked ; veins simple, arcuate, close, distinct, raised, 10-12-
jugate ; sori crowded close to midrib ; inv. firm, persistent,

Hab, Ovalau Viti, Lieut. Hope.

19*. N. (Last.) Brackenridgei, Baker ; st. 2-3 ft., grey, naked; fr. 2-4 ft. 1, 1-14
ft. br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; lower pinnw short-stalked, 6-9 in. 1. 1-14
in. br., much reduced on the lower side, with a gland at the base, cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into close falcate acute pinné, 1-1} lin. br., of which the
lower on both sides are much reduced ; tevture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces
dull-green, naked ; veins close, distinct, 12-20-jugate ; sor¢ minute, subcostular ;
inv. firm, glabrous, persistent.—Aspidium, Jett, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. vol. 15.
p.75. Lastrea attenuata, Brack. not J. Sm. N. inequilaterale, Baker, Syn. Fil.
edit. 1. p. 454.

Hab. Viti and Samoa.

26*, N. (Last.) Richardsi, Baker; rachis grey, densely shortly downy ; jr.
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 15-18 in. 1., 8-9 in. br. 5 pénna moderately close,
patent, ligulate-caudate, Ed in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close ligulate
slightly repand blunt lobes 1 lin. br.; lowest pinne not reduced, their lowest
lobes on both sides slightly so; ¢eatwre membranous; both sides downy on the
ribs ; veins distant, distinct, 7-8-jugate ; sort medial ; inv. firm, persistent, slightly
pilose.

Hab, New Caledonia, Richards.

29. N. (Last.) calcaratum, var. ciliatum (Wall); rachis densely pubescent ;
pinne broader than in the type (4 in.), with broader blunter less ascending lobes.
—Aspidium ciliatum, Wall. Lastrea sericea, Scott, Bedd. F. B. I. t. 808,

Hab. Hast Himalayas.

29*, N. (Last.) Prenticei, Baker ; rachises grey, slightly downy ; 7. rhom-
boid, bipinnatifid, 1 ft. 1.; pinne close, erecto-patent, ligulate-acuminate, lower
5-6 in. L., 3-g in. br., narrowed gradually to a long base with a cuneate wing,
cut down nearly to the rachis into close falcate much-ascending subacute lobes
gin. br.; teature moderately firm ; surfaces bright-green, naked ; veins 9-10-
jugate, much-ascending ; sori medial ; inv, small, persistent, glabrous.—Lastrea
Prenticei, Carruth, Fl. Vit. p. 359.

Hab. Ngau Viti, Macgillivray.

30*, N. (Last.) phanerophiebium, Baker ; st. and rachis square, grey, finely
pubescent ; fr. lanceolate-deltoid, bipinnatifid, 15-18 in. 1, 7-8 in. br. ; pinnae
ligulate caudate, moderately close, subsessile, lowest largest, 2 in. br., cut down
to a narrow wing into close ascending subacute entire lobes 4 in. br. ; lobes of
lower side beginning lower down and more falcate than those of the upper ;
lowest lobes of upper pinna produced, of lowest slightly reduced ; texture firm,

NEPHRODIUM. 495

but thin ; surfaces glabrous except finely-downy costas; veins 9-10-jugate, very
distinct, all fertile ; sord superficial, submarginal ; mv, minute, glabrous,
fugacious.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Richards.

31*, N. (Last.) costale, Baker; st. 9 in. 1.; rachis thinly setulose; fr. ovate-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 1} ft. 1.5 pinne numerous, patent, sessile, ligulate-acu-
minate, lower 4 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into blunt lobes, the
lowest scarcely reduced ; texture chartaceous ; surfaces glabrous, dull-green ; veins
close, distinct ; sori dense costular ; inv. reddish, reniform, persistent, bristly.
—Aspidium costale, Met. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 111.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 476.

32*, N. (Last.) eriocaulon, Baker ; st. 3-1 ft., densely clothed, as are the stra-
mineous vachises, with spreading linear-subulate ferruginous scales }-in. 1. ; fr.
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-3 ft. 1.; pinne sessile, ligulate, lower 5-6 in. 1.,
2-1} in. br., cut down into a distinct wing into close blunt subentire lobes 13-2
lin. br., lowest scarcely reduced ; texture membranous ; surfaces bright-green,
slightly downy, the lower scaly on the ribs; veins 10-12-jugate; sori middle-
sized, costular ; inv. minute, fugacious.—Aspidium, Fe, il. Bras. t. 44. fig. 1.
N. ramentaceum, Baker, Fl. Bras. fasc. 49. p. 473.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 2369.—May perhaps prove a variety of vestitum.

36%. N. (Last.) pretervisum, Baker ; st. 1 ft., naked, grey-stramineous ; /r.
lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1., narrowed gradually to an acuminate point, bipinnatifid ;
rachis finely downy ; lower pinne sessile, rather deflexed, ligulate-acuminate, 3-4
in. 1., Zin. br., cut down to a broad wing into close blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br.,
of which the lowest are reduced ; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-
green, naked, glossy; veins 9-10-jugate, erecto-patent, very distinct ; sor? minute,
supra-meédial ; nv. persistent, slightly setose—Aspidium, Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 411.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 371.

38*, N. (Last.) Fraseri, Baker ; rachis dark-reddish ; fr. 3 ft. or more 1., above
1 ft. br., oblong-acuminate, bipinnatifid ; pinne@ subdistant, subsessile, ligulate-
lanceolate, with a gland at the base, lower 6-7 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; lobes equalling
the wing, close, obtuse or subacute, lowest reduced ; tezture chartaceous ; surfaces
glabrous ; veins 12-18-jugate ; sort subcostular ; inv. minute, glabrous.—Aspi-
dium, Mett. Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 109.

Hab, Ecuador, Fraser.

39%, N. (Last.) puberulum, Baker ; st. 1-1} ft., naked, stramineous ; 7. oblong-
lanceolate, 13-2 ft. 1., bipinnatifid ; rachzs stramineous, slightly downy ; pinne
sessile, lower 4-5 in. 1., $-3 in. br., acuminate, cut down to a narrow wing into
very close subacute entire lobes 4 in. br., the lowest rather dilated in the upper
pinne, reduced in the lowest; teature chartaceous ; suzfaces dull-green, finely
pubescent, especially below ; veins close, 8-10-jugate, very distinct ; sori minute,
supra-medial ; 7vv, small, subpersistent, densely bristly—Aspidium, Fée.

Hab. Mexico, Bourgeau, 1818.—Between patens and tetragonum,

39%. N. (Last.) alsophilaceum, Baker ; st. 3 ft., grey, glabrous; fr. oblong-
lanceolate, 1-14 ft. 1., bipinnatifid ; rachis with a few spreading linear scales ;
pinne ligulate-lanceolate, all except uppermost distinctly stalked, lower 5-6 in. 1.,
10-18 lin. br., many reduced at base, cut down to a broad wing into close entire

496 NEPHRODIUM.

subfalcate lobes 2-24 lin. br. ; teature firm, membranous ; surfaces naked, bright-
green ; veins 9-12-jugate, very distinct ; soré small, medial ; évv. minute, fuga-
cious.—F!. Bras. fase. 49. p. 474. Aspidium, Kze.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Gardner, 16 ; Lieut. Carr.

39%. N. (Last.) Gardnerianum, Baker ; st. 3 ft., slender, grey, glabrous; fr. '

oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-1 ft. 1.; vrachés grey, slender, finely downy ;
pinne subdistant, lanceolate, lower subsessile, much reduced at base, 23-3 in. 1.,
8.7 in. br., lowest deflexed, cut down to a broad wing into close subacute entire
lobes 2 lin. br.; ¢ezture thin but firm; surfaces finely downy on ribs, glossy,
dull-green ; veins 8-9-jugate, very distinct ; sori small, medial ; énv. glabrous,
persistent.— FV. Bras. fase. 49. p. 474. Aspidium, Kze. MSS,

Hab. Organ Mountains, Gardner, 190.

49*, N. (Last.) Funkii, Baker; short sf. and rachis densely pubescent and
clothed throughout with firm spreading, linear, dark-brown scales; fr: lan-
ceolate, 1 ft. 1., 2-2} in. br. at middle, bipinnatifid ; pinne sessile, lanceolate,
bluntish, truncate at base, central 1} in. L, 3 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing
into subentire blunt lobes 1 lin. br., many lower reduced gradually ; texture
moderately firm; surfaces rather downy, and midrib beneath scaly ; veins
5-6-jugate; sor? supra-medial; inv. minute, fugacious.—Aspidium, Met. Fil.
Nov Grail. p. 54,

Hab. New Granada, Funk, 502 ; Lindig, 239.

49*, N. (Last.) vigidulum, Baker; st. 2-4 in., tufted, grey, naked; basal
scales lanceolate, dull-brown; 7. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 12-15 in. 1.,
4-5 in. br.; rachis grey, finely downy ; pinne sessile, ligulate-caudate, narrowed
below middle, but dilated and truncate at base, central 24-3 in. 1., $ in. br., cut
down to a narrow wing into ascending blunt entire lobes, 1-1} lin. br., lower
distant and much reduced; ¢exture rigidly subcoriaceous; surfaces naked,
bright-green ; sori supra-medial ; iv. distinct, densely bristly. — Aspidium,
Met. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 109.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, 820.

49*, N. (Last.) Ptarmica, Baker ; sf. 4-5 in., reddish-brown, with a few lan-
ceolate scales near base ; 77. oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. ]., 4-5 in. br., bipinnatifid ;
rachis brown, naked; pinne ligulate-caudate, many lower short-stalked, with
basal lobes reduced, central 24-3 in. 1., 4 in. br., lowest distant and much reduced,
cut down to a narrow wing into close bluntish ascending entire lobes 1 lin. br. ;
texture firm but thin; surfaces naked; veins 5-6-jugate ; soré medial, rather
large ; inv. minute, fugacious.—/7. Bras. fase. 49. p. 479. Aspid. Kze. Meit.
Aspid. p. 80.

Hab, South Brazil.—Like some of the forms of conterminum, but many lower pinna
stalked and reduced at base.

49*. N. (Last.) Féscheri, Baker; st. 2-8 in. 1, tufted, like rachis naked
stramineous ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 6-8 in. 1., 23-8 in. br. ; pinne
short-stalked, central 13 in. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close
entire blunt lobes 1-1} lin. br., lowest distant, much reduced ; texture thin,
but firm; surfaces glabrous; veins §-6-jugate; sori medial; énv. persistent,
glabrous.—L. Bras. fasc. 49. p. 479. Aspid. Mett.

Hab. Brazil,

49*, N. (Last.) microbasis, Baker ; caud. erect; st. short, grey, naked ; 77.
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 1} ft. L, 5-6 in. br.; rachis densely pubescent

NEPHRODIUM. 497

pinne sessile, ligulate, acuminate, central dilated at base, 3-3} in. L, 3-3 in. br.,

cut down to a narrow wing into close blunt entire lobes 1 lin. br., lower much

reduced, deflexed ; texture subcoriaceous ; lower surface finely downy on ribs ; veins

needs distinct, 8-10-jugate ; sord minute, supramedial ; ¢ny. fugacious, densely
ristly.

Hab. Banks of the Niger, Barter, 571.—An African representative of conterminum.

51*. N. (Last.) Elwesii, Baker; st. very short ; rachis stramineous, slightly
downy ; jr. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed from the middle to both ends, bipin-
natifid, 15-18 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinne sessile, ligulate, central 2-23 in. 1., 4-5
lin. br., blunt, cut down to a broad wing into close, entire, blunt spreading lobes
% in. br., a space near the tip subentire, the lower growing gradually shorter,
much deflexed ; feature moderately firm; surfaces naked, bright-green; veins
distant, 3-4-jugate ; sové small, marginal ; inv. minute, glabrous, fugacious.

Hab. Sikkim, H. J. Elwes, Fsq.—Habit very like that of concinnum.

57*. N. (Last.) Harveyi, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 3-1 ft., grey,
slightly scaly at base ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-3 ft. L, 2-13 ft. br. ;
pinne close, linear-ligulate, sessile, lower 6-9 in. 1., 4-2 ‘in. br., cut down to a
narrow wing into close entire ligulate lobes; lower pinn@ distant and much
reduced ; ¢ezture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, both like the grey rachis
finely downy ; veins 9-10-jugate, distinct; sor? marginal ; inv. subpersistent.—
Aspidium, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p.115. Lastrea, Carr. Fl. Vit. p. 359.

Hab, Viti and Samoa.

63*. N. (Last.) decrescens, Baker ; st. short, grey, naked ; 7. oblong-lanceolate,
2-3 ft.1., 2-1 ft. br., bipinnatifid ; rachis grey-stramineous, clothed with fine white
bristly hairs ; pinne sessile, with a large prickle-like gland at base, linear-ligu-
late, central 5-6 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing into blunt lobes

4-2 lin. br. ; lowest lobes largest ; lower pinne distant, gradually reduced ; tez-
ture moderately thick and firm; surfaces bright-green, lower pilose on midribs ;
veins 12-15-jugate ; sort supramedial ; inv. small, glabrous, ciliated, fugacious.—
Aspid. Kze.

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Lindig, 292, &e.—Differs from pachyrachis mainly in
position of sori.

63*. N. (Last.) pterifolium, Baker ; caud. suberect ; scales ovate-lanceolate,
ferruginous; st. 4 ft. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2 ft. 1.; rachés clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; pinne@ sessile, ligulate, central 5-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., with
a tubercle at the base, lowest abruptly much reduced ; Jobes close, blunt, sub-
entire ; tezture membranous ; surfaces dark-green, the midrib slightly pubescent ;
veins 10-15-jugate ; soré marginal ; inv, distinct, setose—Aspidium, Met, Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 110.

Hab. Andes of New Granada and Bolivia,

68*. N. (Last.) Clarkei, Baker ; short st. and rachis densely clothed with firm
spreading linear brown-black scales; /r. lanceolate, bipinnate, narrowed gradually
from the middle to both ends, 1-2 ft. 1.,3-5 in. br.; pinne sessile, central 2-24
in. L., 3-3 in. br., cut down to rachis below into close truncate entire spreading
lobes 14-2 lin. br., the base subequal or rather dilated, lower reduced very gra-
dually to mere auricles ; ¢ezture subcoriaceous ; surfaces glabrous, the midribs
below scaly ; veins distinct, 5-6-jugate, forked low down ; soré supramedial ;
inv. firm, glabrous, persistent.

Hab. Sikkim, Clarke, Elwes.—Intermediate between apiciflorum and Filix mas, but
quite different from both in the general outline of the frond.
3.R

498 NEPHRODIUM.

73. N. Filtz-mas, vay. odontoloma (Bedd.) ; /r. small, lanceolate, 3-pinnatifid ;
st. and rachises naked, stramineous ; pinne distant, deltoid; lower pinnd. largest,
with deeply inciso-dentate lobes and uniserial sord near the costa. Lastrea odon-
toloma, Beda. F. B.1.%.114; var. Nidus, Clarke; st. forming dense circular tufts;
Jr. lanceolate, bipinnate ; sf. and rachis densely scaly ; pinne lanceolate, 2 in. br. ;
pinnl, blunt, ligulate-oblong, deeply inciso-crenate, 2-23 lin. br.; sord 6-8 toa
pinnl., distant, medial.

Hab. East Himalayas,

82*, N. (Last.) danceolatum, Baker ; st. 4-6 in. 1., tufted, stramineous, minutely
scaly throughout, like the rachis; basal scales brown, dense, lanceolate ; fr. 6-10
in. 1., lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae short-stalked, lanceolate, 13-2 in. L.,
3-2 in. br., patent, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, lowest distant, not
reduced ; pinnl. ligulate-lanceolate, blunt, adnate, 14-2 lin. br., lower deeply
pinnatifid, with blunt lobes ; ¢eatwre moderately firm ; surfaces glabrous, green,
lower densely scaly on the midribs ; vezns one to each lohe, erecto-patent, falling

_ far short of the edge ; sort medial, one to each lobe; én. glabrous, persistent.

Hab. Coban, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman.

93*, N. (Last.) guatemalense, Baker ; st. 2-1 ft., glossy-brown, without scales,
downy upwards; fr. 3-1 ft., lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid; rachis downy,
winged in upper half; lower pinne largest, deltoid, produced on lower side,
the central lanceolate, patent, 2-1 in. br., rather reduced below, their rachises
winged throughout; pinnl. subsessile, lanceolate, unequal-sided, cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base, pinnatifid, with lanceolate lower segm. ; texture
rigid but thin ; swzfaces dull-green, lower downy and with yellow sessile glands ;
venules erecto-patent ; sori middle-sized medial ; inv. glabrous, persistent.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman s Chiapas, South Mexico, Gheisbreght, 422.—
Texture and final divisions very like those of N.effusum.

94. N. (Last.) sparsum, Don. The following are either varieties of this or
closely allied: 1. A. nétidulum, Wall. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 177; cutting and
size of type, but stem castaneous ; 2. A. obtusissimum, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36.
p- 119; less cut large variety with broader, shorter, blunt oblong or obovate
final lobes Zin. br.; 3. Lastrea membranacea, Arnott, MSS.; jr. 3 ft. 1, lan-
ceolate, membranous, only bipinnatifid; the pinmne cut down to a broad wing
with close broad-toothed blunt lobes; rachzs naked; 4. L. gracilis, Moore,
Bedd. F. B. 1198; r. 3-4 in, 1., lanceolate, bipinnatifid, the st. and rachis clothed
with spreading linear scales; 5. Var. minor, Thwaites, C. P. 3383; fr. 3 ft. L,
lanceolate, bipinnate, with spaced sharply-toothed pinnl, and a naked rachis,

Hab. 2, 3, and 5 are Ceylonese ; 1 and 4 Himalayan.

99*. N. (Last.) kilmense, Baker ; fr. subdeltoid, 1 ft. 1. tripinnatifid ; main
rachis glabrous, those of the pinnz with a few broad scales ; pinnl. erecto-patent.
stalked, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4-5 in. 1.; pinnl, ovate-trapezoid, obtuse, un
equal-sided, lower stalked, 1-14in.1.; lower segm. stalked on a narrow wing,
ovate-trapezoid, crenate-dentate, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; texture
moderately firm ; surfaces dull-green; lower veinlets forked, running to tip of
a A iid nearer midribs than edge; inv. glabrous.—Aspidium, Kuhn, Fil,

rT. 24. .

Hab. Mount Kilmanjaro, East Central Africa, Kersten.—Near athamanticum, with
blunt final lobes. :

100*. N. (Last.) Buchanant, Baker; st. tufted, 4-1 ft., brownish at base,
stramineous upwards, densely clothed with deflexed linear-subulate dark-brown
scales ; /r. deltoid, 1-2 ft. L, quadripinnatifid ; rachis stramineous with less dense

NEPHRODIUM. 499

scales, like those of the stem ; lower pinne largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, the
others equal, lanceolate ; pinnd. lanceolate, lowest stalked ; final dobes ligulate-
oblong, blunt, 1-2 lin. br., faintly toothed on outer edge, narrowed on upper,
decurrent on lower side at base ; texture moderately firm ; surfaces naked, bright-
green ; veins pinnate in final lobes with forked venules ; sori rather large, costular,
poe from lower part of pinnules; inv. glabrous, persistent.—Lastrea crinita,

oivin,

Hab. Bourbon, Boivin ; Natal, Buchanan & McKen.

105*. N. (Last.) vile, Baker ; rhizome oblique; scales subulate, ferruginous ;
st. 6-8 in., clothed like rachises with blackish subulate scales; /r. ovate-acu-
minate, 1 ft. 1, tripinnatifid ; pinne stalked, lowest largest, deltoid, produced
below, 3-4 in. 1. ; penn. ovate-oblong, obtuse, lowest stalked, deeply pinnatifid ;
segm. close, ligulate, 1-nerved ; fezture membranous ; surfaces setulose, sub-
glandulose; sori nearer midrib than edge; inv. minute, ciliated—Aspid. Kze.
Ettings, tab. 117. fig. 5. tab, 118. fig. 8.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 1602.

105*. N. (Last.) Maximowiczii, Baker; st. 6-8 in., castaneous, glossy with
scattered lanceolate scales throughout ; jr. deltoid, 1 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid ;
rachises stramineous ; lower pinne much largest, long-stalked, produced on the
lower side, the others lanceolate-cuneate truncate on lower side at base ; lowest
aes and segm. deltoid, stalked, cuneate on lower side at base ; final lobes rhom-

oid-oblong, unequal-sided, 13-3 lin. br., dentate ; texture membranous ; surfaces
green, glabrous; venules erecto-patent; sori small, placed just below final
sinuses ; inv. glabrous, persistent.—Aspidium sanctum, Mazrim. MSS.

Hab. Japan, Yokohama, Maximowicz, 98.

115*. N. (Last.) nigritanum, Baker ; st. and rachises naked stramineous; jr.
ovate-deltoid, 14-2 ft. 1., tripinnatifid ; lower pinne largest, oblong-lanceolate,
short-stalked, 7-8 in. 1. ; pénnl. sessile, lanceolate, 3-? in. br., cut down to a
broad wing into close, blunt, slightly-toothed lobes 2-3 lin. br. ; texture moderately
firm ; surfaces green, the lower thinly clothed with shining yellow-brown hairs ;
veins pinnate in segm.; sort small, medial ; inv. fugacious, glabrous.—Aspid.
Meat. Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 138.

Hab. Princes Island, Barter, 1906.

124*. N. (Last.) apicale, Baker; st. and rachises substramineous, shortly
densely glanduloso-pilose ; fr. deltoid, 1 ft. 1, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinne
much largest, deltoid, distinctly stalked, erecto-patent, subequilateral, 3 ft. 1. ;
lowest pinnl. and segm. deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, acute, the
latter sessile ; final lobes close, lanceolate, the largest entire 1 lin. br.; texture
firm but thin ; surfaces green glabrous beyond the pilose main ribs ; soré at thc
base of the final sinuses on the lower side ; inv. small, glabrous, persistent.

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore.—Near recedens, from which it differs in texture,
shape of segments, and position of sori.

124*, N. (Last.) lancilobum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. ]., castaneous near base, the rest
and rachises grey-stramineous, densely grey-downy ; jr. deltoid, 1-2 ft. each
way, 4-pinnatifid; lower pinnw much largest, stalked, produced on lower side ;
lowest pinnl. and segm. lanceolate, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base, the
latter sessile; final Zobes lanceolate, close, the largest entire 1 lin. br. ; feature
chartaceous ; surfaces dark-green, finely pubescent all over; sori small, in two
rows near border of final lobes ; inv. minute, fugacious.

Hab. Queensland, Dallachy, Hutchinson—More rigid than velutinum, less densely
pubescent, with narrower more acute final lobes.

500 NEPHRODIUM.

124", N. (Last.) dimédiatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeeping ; sf. 1 ft., dull-
‘brown, with a few lanceolate scales at base; jr. lanceolate-deltoid, 13 ft. 1,
3-4-pinnatifid ; rachéses dull-brown, puberulent, not scaly ; lower pinnae: largest,
deltoid , stalked, much acuminated, 8-9 in. 1.3 lowest pinni. and segm. distant,
stalked, lanceolate-deltoid, subdimidiate; lower segm. 2-8 lin. br. strongly
crenate-pinnatifid, with blunt erecto-patent teeth ; teature rigidly subcoriaceous 5
surfaces dark-green, subglabrous, except main ribs ; veins pinnate in segm. with
medial biserial small sori; inv, glabrous, persistent.—Aspid. Meit, Kuhn, Fil,
Afr. p. 181.

Hab, Sierra del Crystal, Upper Guinea, @. Mann.—A well-marked species.

131*, N. (Last.) pulvinuliferum, Baker; basal scales dense, lanceolate-acu-
minate, ferruginous; st. 3-13 ft., stramineous, clothed like rachis with firm
spreading bristly dark-brown scales; /r. 14-8 ft. L, deltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid ;
lower pinne largest, subdeltoid, produced on lower side; pinnl. lanceolate,
cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; final Jobes ligulate-oblong, blunt, largest
entire 14-2 lin. br. ; teature moderately firm ; surfaces glabrous, bright-green 5
veins pinnate in final lobes; soré medial or subcostal; ez. firm, glabrous, per-
sistent.—Lastrea pulvinulifera, Bedd. F. B. J. t. 333.

Hab. Hast Himalayas and Ceylon.—Resembles sparsum in cutting and texture, but
much larger, with different scales and a deltoid outline and fibrillose rachises.

184*, N. (Last.) Hornei, Baker ; st. and rachises naked, glossy stramineous ;
jr. deltoid, 2-3 ft. each way, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinne much largest, deltoid, pro-
‘duced on lower side ; lowest pinnl. and segm. close, lanceolate, acute, stalked, or the
latter winged to base; final Zobes close, oblong, blunt, 2-3 lin. br., inciso-crenate ;
texture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous; veims pinnate in final
lobes; sort minute, submarginal, restricted to the lobes; ¢xv. glabrous, sub-
persistent.

Hab, Seychelles, Horne, 182.

187%. N. (Last.) Wardii, Baker; st. and rachises stramineous, naked,
glabrous; /r. deltoid, 2 ft. 1, 4-5-pinnatifid; many pinne distinctly stalked,
oblong-lanceolate, 4-3 ft. 1.; lower pinni. deltoid, stalked, cuneate-truncate on
lower side at base ; final Jobes close, oblong crenate, largest entire 1-14 lin. br. ;
texture membranous, fragile ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous ; veins copiously
pinnate in final lobes ; sori large, medial ; zuv. glabrous, persistent.

Hab. Seychelles, Ward, Neville, Horne, 177.

138*, N. (Last.) glabratum, Baker ; rachises naked, stramineous ; fr. ample,
4-pinnatifid ; lower pinne long-stalked, oblong-lanceolate, 1-1} ft. 1, 6-7 in. br.;
pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, nearly sessile, with a narrow wing to rachis throughout ;
segm. distant, adnate, blunt, ligulate-oblong, pinnatifid, with close blunt lobes ;
texture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous; veins forked or sub-
pinnate in final lobes; sor? small, inframedial; imv. glabrous, fugacious.—
Aspidium, Met, Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 133.

Hab, Fernando Po, G. Mann.

142*, N, (Last.) Currori, Baker; rachis grey-stramineous, finely pubescent ;

i fr.ample, deltoid, 4-pinnatifid; lowest pinne oblong-lanceolate, stalked, pro-

A

duced on lower side, 15-18 in. 1, 6-8 in. br. ; pinnd. subsessile, lanceolate-deltoid,
acute, 1-14 in. br.; segm. close, adnate, lanceolate-deltoid, cuneate-truncate on
lower side at base, deeply pinnatifid, with close blunt lobes ; teature moderately
firm ; both sides dull-green, thinly clothed with shining brown hairs; veins

NEPILRODIUM. 501

copiously pinnate in lowest quaternary lobes; sori medial, middle-sized ; znv.
glabrous, fugacious.—Aspidium, Mett. Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 180.

Hab. Equatorial Guinea, Curvor.

145*, N. (Last.) flecuosum, Baker; jfr. ample, tripinnatifid ; primary rachis
zigzag, stramineous, clothed with woolly hairs and lanceolate scales; pinnaw
oblong-lanceolate, stalked, with less flexuose rachises, central 8-9 in. 1. ; pinnl.
close, ligulate, central 2 in. 1., upper sessile, straight, lower short-stalked, deflexed ;
segm. oblong, close, blunt ; texture moderately thick ; surfaces green, shortly
pubescent, the ribs below rather scaly ; veins pinnate in tertiary segments ; sorz
ak minute; ¢zv. glabrous, fugacious—Aspidium, 2ée, Fil, Bras. p. 138.
t. 47. fig. 2.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 2458.

148*, N. (Last.) firmifolium, Baker ; st. 14-2 ft., like rachises, pale-brown,
naked ; fr. 2 ft. 1, deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne stalked, oblong-lanceolate,
6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.; pinnl. ligulate-lanceolate, close, falcate, acute, cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base, upper decurrent, lower subsessile, with short
close blunt ligulate lobes; texture rigidly subcoriaceous; surfaces green,
glabrous ; veins pinnate in tertiary segments; sori in a row close to midrib of
pinnl., with a few more to lower segmn.; zzv. glabrous, fugacious.—N. acutum,
edit. 1. ex parte. Ak, Sp. t. 271,

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4662.—Differs from acutwm by its glabrous rachises
and much narrower and less deeply-cut pinnules.

151*, N. (Last.) cubense, Baker ; st. tufted, stramineous, 3-1 ft., with large
light ferruginous lanceolate scales at and near the base; fr. oblong-deltoid,
1} ft. 1., 4-5-pinnatifid; many pinne stalked, lanceolate, 2-3 in. br.; pinnl,
stalked, lanceolate-deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; final odes lan-
ceolate or trapezoid, erecto-patent, largest entire sessile under 1 lin. br. ; teature
rigidly subcoriaceous ; venules fine, immersed, erecto-patent ; sorz minute, infra-
medial; zzv. glabrous, subpersistent.—Aspidium, Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 108.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1099.—Like denticulatum, but cutting not nearly so acute.

152*. N. (Last.) Lepinei, Baker ; fr. 6 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid ; rachis stout;
pinne distinctly stalked, deltoid ; pennl. short-stalked, oblong-lanceolate; segm.
ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely toothed at the tip, their lobes obtusely
toothed ; ¢eature chartaceous ; surfaces glabrous, dull-green; sori marginal at
the end of the teeth.—Aspidium, Kuhn, Linn. 86. p. 118.

Hab. Tahiti, Lepine, 81.—Marked in the group by its marginal sori, compared by
Kuhn to those of NV, deparioides.

153*. N. (Last.) Botvint, Baker; rachises stramineous, naked beneath ; fr.
ample, deltoid, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinne deltoid, stalked, 14 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.
produced on lower side ; pinni. oblong-lanceolate, stalked, cuneate-truncate on
lower side at base; final dobes close, confluent below, lower oblong, blunt,
subentire, $ in. br.; upper subacute, rather falcate; ¢eature thin but firm;
surfaces dark-green, upper pilose, lower finely scaly on ribs ; veins copiously
pinnate in final lobes ; soré copious, middle-sized, submarginal ; énv. fugacious.

Hab. Madagascar, Boivin.

153*. N. (Last.) macrostegium, Hk. ; st. 2-8 ft., with many linear brown scales
near base; fr. deltoid, 2 ft. each way, 4-5-pinnatifid ; rachises grey, glossy,
naked; lower pinn@ long-stalked, deltoid, produced on lower side ; penn. and
lower segm. stalked, deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; final

502 NEPHRODIUM.

lobes rhomboid or lanceolate, close, bluntish, largest subentire } in. br. 5 texture
rigidly coriaceous; surfaces glossy, naked, duil-green; sor? medial, many to
each final lobe ; inv. large, glabrous, persistent.—Ap. 4. p. 148.

Hab. Guiana and Amazon Valley,

153. N. (Last.) amplissimum, Wk. ; st. 14-2 ft., brownish, naked ; 7”, ample,
4-5-pinnatifid, 2-3 ft.1.; lower pinne deltoid, stalked, produced on lower side ;
lower pinni. and segm. stalked, deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ;
final Zobes blunt, oblong, upper equal, lower narrowed at base, largest subentire
1-1} lin. br. ; cevture moderately firm ; rachises fibrillose ; surfaces green, glabrous 3
sori middle-sized, one to each upper final lobe at base, 2-8 to lower; inv.
glabrous, subpersistent.—Sp. 4. p.145. Acrophorus fallax, Regel.

Hab. Guiana and Brazil.—Includes A. biforme, pheochlamys, ramosum, macrum, and
latissimum of Fée,

157*. N. Levyi, Baker; st. tufted, 4-6 in., grey, pubescent, slightly scaly ;
scales lanceolate ; 7r. lanceolate, }-1 ft. 1., 14-2 in. br., simply pinnate in lower,
pinnatifid in upper half; lower pinne ligulate, blunt, adnate, rather falcate,
entire, 3-1 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lowest much reduced ; ¢ezture chartaceous ; rachis
grey, densely pubescent; surfaces dull-green, slightly downy ; veinlets distinct,
Jower in groups of 8-5, joining near edge; sov? minute, most uniserial nearer
costa than edge ; inv. minute, fugacious.—Aspidium, Yourn. Bot. Zeit. 1878, p. 7.

Hab. Nicaragua, Levy, 463.

162*. N. nétidulum, Baker ; st. 24 ft., reddish, naked ; basal scales brown, lan-
ceolate; fr. 2 ft. 1., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinne ligulate, 4-5 in. 1,
2 in. br., lowest stalked, cut down to a broad wing into blunt lobes, the lowest
of which are reduced ; texture chartaceous ; surfaces naked, except a few deci-
duous scales on the midribs below ; veis simple, 7-9-jugate, only lowest joining ;
sort inframedial ; énv. ciliated.—Aspidium nitidulum, catacolobum, and ano-
pteron, Kze.

Hab. Bahia, Moricand.

172*, N. connecsum, Kuhn ; st. and rachis stramineous, pubescent ; fr. oblong-
lanceolate, 2-3 ft. 1, bipinnatifid ; pinne sessile, patent, ligulate-acuminate, with
a callose gland at the base, lower 9-10 in. 1., 1} in. br., cut down to a broad wing
into lanceolate-falcate subacute lobes 4 in. br.; teature rigidly subcoriaceous ;
surfaces dull-green, downy on the ribs; veins distinct, 16-18-jugate; sord small,
subcostular ; inv. distinct—Baker, Fl. Bras. fase. 49. p. 489.

Hab. Cayenne, Martin.

172*. N. elatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 1 ft., grey, downy, not
scaly ; rachis downy ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 ft. 1, 14-2 ft. br., bipinnatifid ;
pinne sessile, ligulate-acuminate, central 9-15 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., cut down toa
broad wing into close rather falcate blunt lobes 2-24 lin. br., lowest distant and
much reduced ; texture moderately firm ; surfaces dark green, densely downy on
ribs and edge ; veins 14-16-jugate ; sord large, medial ; ¢xv. minute, fugacious.—
Aspidium, Bojer, USS.

_ Hab. Mauritius, Lady Barkly ; Natal, Buchanan.—A. maximum, Bojer, from Mau-
ritius, differs by its more rigid texture, more distinct 16-18-jugate veins, and smaller sori.

173*. N. procerum, Baker ; st. and rachis stramineous, glabrous or faintly
downy ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-8 ft. 1., 15-18 in. by. ; pinne sessile,
ligulate-acuminate, central 6-9 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., cut down to a broad wing into
falcate subacute lobes 15-2 lin. br., lowest abruptly reduced ; texture rigidly sub-

NEPIHRODIUM. 503

coriaceous ; surfaces glabrous, or ribs minutely ciliated ; veins raised, distinct,
14-16-jugate ; sori minute, medial ; mv. glabrous, persistent.—Aspidium, Bojer ;
N. albolineatum, Bozvin,

Hab. Bourbon.

178*. N. punctatum, Parish ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1-2 ft., stramineous, gla-
brous ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-3 ft. 1.; rachis square, glabrous ;
pinne sessile, ligulate-acuminate, central 12-15 in. 1., 3-$ in. br., cut down to a
broad wing into lanceolate-falcate subacute lobes 14-2 lin. br.; texture charta-
ceous ; surfaces naked except ribs above ; veins 9-10-jugate, very distinct ; soré
marginal, immersed.—Beddome, F. B. I. t. 131.

Hab. Moulmein, Rev. C. S. Parish.

177*. N. mascaranense, Baker; st. 6-8 in., grey, naked; fr. oblong-deltoid,
8-9 in. 1., simply pinnate ; pinne subsessile, 6-7-jugate, patent, ligulate-caudate,
lowest not reduced, 23-3 in. 1., $-2 in. br., crenate, with shallow blunt lobes
2 lin. br., lowest quarter rather narrowed ; texture thin but firm; surfaces
naked, dull-green ; rachis grey-stramineous, faintly pubescent ; veins in pinnate
5-6-jugate groups, upper only free ; soré subcostular ; 7x». glabrous, fugacious.—
Polypodium, edit. 1. p. 455.

Hab. Madagascar, Mrs. Higginson ; communicated by Lady Barkly.

183. N. moulmaynense, Bedd. F. B. 1. t. 220 (Goniopteris lineata, Bedd. F. B. I.
t. 8), is probably a form of Polypodium (Goniopteris) urophyllum, showing a
minute involucre in the young state, and N. costatum, F. B. I. t. 220, a similar
form of our Polypodium lineatum.

187*, N. subcuneatum, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 4-8 in., grey, slightly
downy upwards; /r. lanceolate-deltoid, 6-8 in. 1., bipinnatifid ; lower pinne
short-stalked, cut 4-4 down into close blunt lobes 2 lin. br., central lanceolate, 14-
2 in. 1, $-§ in. br., lowest not reduced, but much narrowed above base; rachis
grey-downy ; texture thin, firm ; surfaces dull-green, rather pilose on the ribs ;
veins 6-7-jugate, only lowest pair joined; sorz medial, minute ; inv. glabrous,
fugacious.— £7. Bras. fase. 49. p. 487.

Hab. Cayenne, Lepriewr.—General habit like Polypodiwm tetragonum.

194*. N. guadalupense, Fée; st. tufted, grey-stramineous, naked, 1 ft.;
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 2-3 ft. 1; lower pinn@ short-stalked, gradually
reduced at base, 8-9 in. 1., 2-2 in. br., cut more than halfway down into close
blunt lobes 2-24 lin. br. ; upper pimne@ sessile, equal at base ; texture thin, firm ;
surfaces dull-green, slightly downy on ribs; veins 12-15-jugate ; sori minute,
medial.— Fil. Ant. p. 89. t. 24, fig. 3.

Hab, Guadaloupe, Z’Herminier.—Texture and cutting of abruptum, but veins much
closer,

199*. N. (Pleoc.) giganteum, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-13 ft., grey, pubescent ; basal
scales linear, dark-brown ; fr. deltoid, 2-3 ft. 1. tripinnate or 4-pinnatifid, mode-
rately firm, finely pubescent or subglabrous ; lower pinn much largest, deltoid,
unequal-sided, stalked, with lower tertiary segm. lanceolate, pinnatifid; upper
pinne lanceolate, with broad blunt lobes, with the veins forming costular arches
at their base ; sor? in single rows near the main veins, some compital, some at
the end of free veinlets.—N. giganteum, edit. 1. ex parte. Bedd. F. S. I, t. 80.

Hab. Ceylon, Malay Isles, Philippines—Texture and habit of cicutarium, but veining
very different,

504 POLYPODIUM.

206%, N, (Sagen.) nigrescens, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft., grey or slightly castaneous,
like rachises ; fr. 14-2 ft. each way, deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pénne stalked,
deltoid, unequal-sided, $-2 ft. br., with lanceolate pinnl., the lowest deeply pin-
natifid ; texture membranous; surfaces subglabrous, dark-green ; areole copious,
with free included veinlets ; sort compital, moderately large, irregularly 1-3-serial
between midrib and edge of final lobes, distant from midrib.—Aspidium, Jett.
Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 187.

Hab, Upper Guinea, Barter, Mann.—Cutting of cicutarium, with different veining
and more irregular sori.

211%. N. (Sagen.) heterosorum, Baker; st. and rachises naked, brown-stra-
mineous ; 7’. deltoid, 2 ft. or more 1., simply pinnate; pinne multijugate, stalked,
ligulate-lanceolate, gemmiparous in axils, entire, acuminate, 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.;
texture firm but thin; surfaces bright-green, naked ; main veins 3-5 in. apart ;
areole very ‘minute, with copious free included veinlets ; sort scattered, very
copious, often confluent.—Sagenia heterocarpa, Bedd, F. B. 1. t. 47.

Hab. Chittagong, Hh. fil. & Thomson.

211*. N. (Sagen.) Stmonsii, Baker ; st. 14-2 ft., naked, ebeneous, like rachises;
jr. deltoid, bipinnatifid, 1-1} ft. 1. and br. ; pinne bijugate below the pinnatifid
apex, lanceolate, 14-2 in. br., lowest stalked, with a pair of large lanceolate pinnt.
at the base; ¢evture membranous ; surfaces bright-green, glabrous; main veins
3-4 in. apart; areole fine, with copious free veinlets; sor? minute, irregularly
3-4-serial between main ribs ; inv. minute, fugacious.

Hab. East Himalayas, Grigith, Simons.

216*. N. (Sagen.) conjluens, F. Muell.; sé naked, castaneouss /*. deltoid,
1-14 ft. each way, tripinnatifid ; lower pinne largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, with
large lanceolate pinni., the lowest deeply lobed ; rachises pubescent, castaneous ;
texture moderately firm; surfaces bright-green, densely pubescent on the ribs ;-
areole fine, distant, with copious free included veinlets; sori large, uniserial
near the main veins ; dav. minute, fugacious——Aspidium, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 86,
p. 125.

Hab, Queensland ; communicated by Dr. Mueller.

216*. N. (Sagen.) Barclayi, Baker ; st. and rachises ebeneous, nearly naked ;
jr. deltoid, 14 ft, each way, bipinnatifid ; pinne 4-jugate below the pinnatifid
apex, the central simple, 1-14 in. br., the lowest stalked and cut down to the
rachis below into lanceolate pinnl. ; texture membranous ; surfaces dark-green,
naked except ribs below ; main ribs 3-4 lines apart ; areole rarely appendiculate ;
sori small, compital, distinctly biserial—Lastrea Barclayi, Carruth. Fl. Vit.

p. 359.
Hab. New Ireland, Labdillardiere, Barclay.

XLVIII.—POLYPODIUM. Page 304—369.

1*, P. (Pheg.) Maximowiczii, Baker ; st. 2-8 in., tufted, naked, castaneous $
fr. lanceolate, simply pinnate, 9-15 in. 1. 1 in. br. at middle, narrowed to both
ends, often rooting at the tip ; pimne sessile, lanceolate, subacute, inciso-crenate,
14-2 lin. br., auricled on the upper, cuneate-truncate on the lower side at the
base, many lower reduced and deflexed ; rachis stramineous, naked ; texture
thin but firm ; surfaces naked, dark-green; veins simple, erecto-patent, forked
in the auricle, one to each lobe, with a minute terminal sorus.

Hab, Nagasaki, Japan, Maximowicz, 176,

POLYPODIUM. 505

10. P. (Pheg.) levigatum, Baker; st. and rachis purplish, naked, shining ;
Jr. lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 14 ft. L., 3-4 in. br. ; yinn@ numerous, lax, opposite,
patent, 14-2 in. L., 6-8 lin. br., cut down to a narrow wing into close blunt
lobes, lower pinnes much reduced, distant ; basal lobes scarcely reduced ; feature
chartaceous ; surfaces glabrous, light-green ; veins 5-6-jugate ; sord suboblong.—
Phegopteris, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 86. p. 112.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2628.

85*. P. (Pheg.) hirsutum, Sw.; st. tufted, 3-4 in., clothed like rachis with
dense spreading linear-subulate scales; fr. 6-9 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, tripin-
natifid ; pinne subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, 15-20-jugate, 4-2 in. br., lowest not
reduced ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, sessile, inciso-pinnatifid with blunt lobes ;
texture membranous ; surfaces, especially the lower, with fibrillose scales ; veins
simple or forked in the tertiary lobes; sor? medial—Baker, Fil. Bras. p. 503.

t. 64. fig. 1.
A

Hab. Minas Geraes, Brazil,

86*. P. (Pheg.) tarapotense, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more, stout, brown, clothed
with large brown lanceolate scales, with a sudden grey edge; jr. 2-23 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinn@ lanceolate, lowest largest, short-
stalked, 14 in. br., cut down to rachis into adnate lanceolate entire or crenate
bluntish pinnl. 3-4 lin. br.; tevture moderately firm; surfaces dark-green,
rather pilose on ribs; vecns pinnate in lower tertiary segments ; sor? mostly
1-serial, midway between midrib and edge of pinnules.

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4656.

50*. P. (Pheg.) paleaceum, Powell; st. 1-8 ft., grey, clothed like rachis with
small adpressed linear scales, those near the base large, more spreading ;
fr. deltoid, 14-2 ft. each way, 4-pinnatifid ; lower pinn@ much largest, deltoid,
long-stalked, unequal-sided, central lanceolate, with close lanceolate sessile or
short-stalked pinn/. 1-14 in. br., cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; final
Jobes lanceolate, ascending, bluntish, 1-14 lin. br.; feature moderately firm ;
surfaces green, glabrous, the ribs below slightly scaly ; veéns pinnate in final
lobes; sorz copious, medial.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell, 161.—Resembling Nephrodium amplum in general habit.

56*, P. (Cyrt.) biforme, Baker ; st. 1} ft., stramineous, sparsely scaly like
rachis; basal scales ? in. 1., lanceolate, ferruginous; /7. 2 ft. 1., oblong-lan-
ceolate, simply pinnate; pinn@ many, spreading, ligulate-acuminate, bluntly
lobed, sterile 6-7 in. 1., 1 in. br., fertile smaller, 4-2 in. br., lowest stalked,
base on upper side truncate, on lower subcordate ; texture membranous 3 surfaces
light-green, glabrous except ribs above ; veins in pinnated groups with 4-6-jugate
veinlets, lower not reaching edge, free or joining as in Goniopteris ; sord near
main veins.—Phegopteris biformis, Met. Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 121.

Hab, Madagascar, Bourbon, and Mayotte.

68*. P. (Goniop.) Hillii, Baker ; st. 6-9 in., grey, densely pilose like rachis ;
jr. subdeltoid, 1 ft. each way, simply pinnate ; pinne 4-jugate, opposite, sessile,
ligulate-oblong, 5-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., deeply crenate, cuneately narrowed on both
sides at the base ; texture thick, not at all rigid ; surfaces dull-green, densely
softly grey-pubescent ; main veins erecto-patent, 2 lines apart; veinlets 10-12-
jugate ; soré close to main veins.

Hab, Queensland; Hill.

75*. P. (Goniop.) excelsum, Baker; arborescent, the trunk sometimes 30 feet
38 ;

506 POLYPODIUM.

high ; fr. oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinne ligulate-acuminate, 12-15 in. L.,
a2 een cit aoa to a bed wide into close bluntish subfalcate lobes
2 lin. br. ; teature rigidly subcoriaceous ; midribs stramineous ; veinlets distinct,
raised, 16-18-jugate, like the edge obscurely ciliated ; veéms_ minute, su ramedial
on all the veins.—Aspidium glanduliferum, Mett. Kuhn, Fil. Nov. Heb. p. 9.1

Hab. Tanna and Aneiteum, C. Moore, 45.

75*. P. (Goniopt.) muricatum, Powell ; st. 2-4 ft., like rachis grey glabrous ;
fr. oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid, 2-4 ft 1. ; pinne sessile, ligulate-acuminate, with
a prickle-like gland at the base, 6-10 in. 1, Zin. br., cut halfway down into
faleate bluntish lobes 2 lin. br.; lowest pinnl. largest ; feature rigidly sub-
coriaceous ; sunxfaces bright-green, naked ; veiniets distinct, simple, 14-16-jugate ;
sori small, close, submarginal, confined to the lobes.—Goniopteris glandulifera,
Brack. Fil. Wilkes Exped. p. 29.

Hab. Samoa, Brackenridge, Powell, 160.—Stipe furnished with fleshy white glands,
which become when old hard and subspinose.

80*. P. (Goniopt.) oligophiebium, Baker ; st. 1-1} ft., brownish, slender, with
a few broad blunt large scales; fr. deltoid, 1} ft. 1., simply pinnate; pinnae
5-6-jugate below pinnatifid apex, lanceolate-acuminate, shallowly bluntly lobed,
5-6 in. 1. 2 in. br., all except lowest more or less adnate to rachis ; tewbure papy-
raceous; surfaces green, naked; main veins erecto-patent, 7 in. apart ; veindets
5-6-jugate ; sori medial.

Hab. Andes of East Peru, Spruce, 4653.

87*. P. (Dicty.) polycarpum, Baker ; st. 3 ft., rubro-stramineous, slightly
pilose upwards; /r. deltoid, bipinnatifid, 3-11 ft. 1.; pinne 6-jugate, lowest
largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, stalked, tripartite, central ligulate-acuminate
crenate ; texture membranous ; surfaces glabrous; main veins distinct to edge ;
areole with free included veinlets ; sor? copiously scattered, terminal or com-
pital Phegopteris polycarpa, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 124.

Hab. Malacca, Fedor Jagor, 222.

89*, P. (Dicty.) Tatei, Baker; st. 4 ft. or more, naked castaneous; fr.
deltoid, acuminate, 2-3 ft. 1., 15-18 in. br., pinnate in the lower half, with repand
ligulate-acuminate 3-5-jugate pinne 6-12 in. 1, 1-14 in. br., the lowest free,
short-stalked, the upper half lanceolate pinnatifid, the point 6-9 in. 1, with only
short blunt lobes; texture firm membranous; surfaces naked, dark-green ;
main veins fine, erecto-patent, distinct nearly to edge; areole copious, minute,
with copious simple or branched included veinlets; soré few, scattered irregu-
larly, mostly near or at the edge, moderately large, sometimes confluent.

Hab. Chontales, Nicaragua, Ralph Tate.

90*. P. (Dicty.) heterosorum, Baker ; st. short, brown, with spreading linear
scales ; 7. oblong-spathulate, 2-8 ft. 1, simply pinnatifid, tlie lowest foot only
a narrow wing to the rachis, above this 3-4 pairs of distant oblong-lanceolate
acuminate pinne 14-2 in. br. at middle, confluent in a narrow wing, the lowest
simple or bipartite; texture thin but firm; surfaces glabrous; ribs naked,
brownish; main veins distinct to edge, 8-4 lines apart, with distinct arches
between them, and copious small areolee with free included veinlets; soré very
abundant, small, irregular, often confluent.

Hab. Malacca, Grifith.—Habit of Nephrodium vastum.

95*. P. trachycarpum, Mett.; fr. czespitose, sessile, oblanceolate-spathulate,
entire, 3 in. 1., under } in. br.; basal scales reddish, membranous, o Jong-lan-

POLYPODIUM. 507

ceolate acuminate, under 1 in. 1. ; ¢etare membranous, pellucid ; surfaces glabrous ;
veins distinct, forked, erecto-patent, continued to edge ; soré round, placed at base
of upper fork near costa; sporangia setose.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 127.

Hab. Tahiti, Vesco.

103. P. pleiosorum, Mett. ; st. 1-2 in., tufted, clothed with dense spreading soft
brown hairs ; basal scales dense, linear, 2 lines; fr. ligulate, narrowed from middle
to both ends, entire or repand, 6-8 in. J.,}-4 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
sides and edge thinly pilose ; veins fine, immersed, pinnate, casually anastomosing ;
sort minute, round, scattered, copious.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 128. P. multiflorum,
Soland. MSS.

Hab, Tahiti, Nelson, Collie ; Ulaitea, Sir J. Banks.—Easily known from all the other
small simple-fronded species by its copious scattered sori.

106*. P. pygmeum, Buching. ; fr. dense, narrow, ligulate, $-2 in. 1., blunt,
narrowed to a subsessile base ; ¢ezture membranous; surfaces glabrous; veins
simple, erecto-patent, with a thickened tip scarcely reaching beyond the sorus ;
sorz elliptical, dorsal, close to midrib, not mixed with paraphyses.—Mett. Kuhn,
Fil. Afr. p. 152,

Hab. Bourbon.

108*. P. nanum, Vieill. ; fr. densely tufted, sessile, ligulate, blunt, 1-12 in. L,
Zin. br. ; texture rigidly coriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, both thickly clothed
with minute brown hairs ; veins distant, simple, erecto-patent, not reaching more
than halfway to the edge ; soré dorsal, oblong, oblique, confined to the upper half
of the frond near the midrib.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2260.

108*. P. diminutum, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales dense, firm, lan-
ceolate, dark-brown ; /r. subsessile, narrow, ligulate, blunt, 4-6 in. 1., 2-4 lin. br.
at middle, narrowed thence gradually to the base; teature rigidly coriaceous,
thick ; surfaces naked, pale-green; midrib below very prominent ; veins close,
immersed, obscure, simple, produced to the edge, much ascending ; soré oblong,
oblique, placed close to the midrib in the upper third of the frond, not mixed
with paraphyses. .

Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Bfoore.

108*. P. mediale, Baker; scales minute, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, mem-
branous, pale-brown ; st. very short, subtufted; fr. ligulate, blunt, 13-2 in. 1.,
13-2 lin. br., narrowed rather suddenly at the base; texture rigidly subcori-
aceous ; surfaces dull-green, with obscure short brown hairs; veins fine, im-
mersed, erecto-patent, obscure ; sor? oblong, oblique, reaching from top nearly
to the base of frond in a line nearer edge than midrib.

Hab. Ceylon, G. Wail.

109*. P. Jagorianum, Mett. ; st. 3-2 in. 1., tufted, densely clothed with reddish
hairs ; /r. ligulate, obtuse, 1-3 in. 1, 2-3 lin. br., narrowed gradually at base ;
texture coriaceous; surfaces clothed with firm reddish fascicled hairs ; veins
forked, immersed ; soré oblong, close, subcostular, apical or dorsal on upper fork
of veins ; sporangia armed with a conspicuous bristle—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p, 128.

Hab. Philippines, Jagor, 835.
119*. P. Boivini, Mett.; rhizome short ; scales minute, reddish ; fr. ligulate,
short-stalked, 14 in. 1., 13-2 lin. br., pinnatifid nearly to rachis, with oblong blunt

lobes ; feature coriaceous ; surfaces glabrous ; veins forked ; sort dorsal on the
upper fork near base of upper lobes.— Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 146.

Hab, Madagascar, Boivin.

508 POLYPODIUM.

123%. P. truncicola, Klotzsch ; fr. ceespitose, subsessile, 2-4 in. 1, 4-3 in. br.,
ligulate, narrowed gradually to base, cut down to a narrow wing into close oblong
blunt patent lobes 1-14 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces clothed with short

‘spreading brown hairs ; veins erecto-patent, once forked, not reaching the edge ;
one large round sorus at the base of each lobe at the fork of the vein,—Hz. Sp. 4.
p. 178. BP. cryptosorum, Kze.

Hab. Guatemala and Columbia.

124%, P. sechellarum, Baker ; st. tufted, }-1 in., clothed with fine short spread-
ing brown hairs ; 7. pendulous, ligulate, 3-6 in. L., 6-7 lin. br., blunt, narrowed
suddenly at base, cut down to a narrow wing into oblong blunt lobes 2-2 lin. br.;
texture vigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces thinly clothed, especially at the edge, with
fine soft brown hairs ; veens 4-6-jugate in pinnee, not reaching the edge; sor? round,
6-8 to a lobe, midway between costa and margin.

Hab. Mahé, Seychelles, Horne, 194 ; Mauritius, Lady Barkly.

127*. P. pruinatum, Baker ; basal scales linear, minute, ferruginous ; fy. sessile,
densely tufted, erect, oblanceolate, 6-10 lines 1., 3 lin. br., blunt, deltoid at base, cut
more than halfway down to the rachis into 5-6-jugate blunt dobes under 1 lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces clothed with fine short brown hairs, and the lower
slightly pruinose ; veins pinnate in lobes, with 2-8-jugate veinlets not reaching
the edge ; soré round, 4 to central lobes, medial.

Hab. Chontales, Nicaragua, Ralph Tate, 44.

127*. P. Thwaitesti, Bedd.; rhizome wide-creeping ; basal scales lanceolate,
dull-brown, 2 lin. 1.; fr. 2-4 in. 1, 9-15 lin. br., oblanceolate, blunt, cut down
to a narrow wing into 6-15-jugate lanceolate blunt rather ascending pinne 1 lin.
br., more or less repand, the lower reduced gradually to a narrow wing, decur-
rent to the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked, dull-green; venules
5-8-jugate, simple, distant, erecto-patent, bearing on the end medial round
slightly-immersed sor7.—F. B, I. t. 188.

Hab. Ceylon, Thwaites, C. P., 3900.—General habit just that of repandulum, but not
fully pinnate, and the caudex creeping. Smells of rhubarb when dried.

180*. P. decipiens, Mett.; rhizome short.; basal scales lanceolate, brownish,
i-d in; A subsessile, ligulate, 4-16 in. 1., $-1 in. br., cut down to a narrow wing
into ligulate-oblong lobes, the lowest reduced ; texture membranous, rather fleshy ;
surfaces thinly clothed with brown hairs, the rachis more densely ; veins trans-
lucent, 6-14-jugate, all or upper soriferous ; sord immersed, submarginal.— Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 129.

Hab. Sumatra and Borneo,

131*. P. Pearcei, Baker; fr. subsessile, pendulous, lanceolate, 9-15 in L,
18-21 lin. br., cut down to a narrow wing into lanceolate blunt lobes 14-2 lin. br.
at middle, the lower gradually reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-
green, the lower finely white-pruinose ; vezvs immersed, forked, 8-10-jugate ; soré
round, placed on anterior branch close to the edge.

Hab. Andes, Quichara, 6-7000 ft., Pearce.—Very near P. inegquale, Fée,

133*. P. cornigerum, Baker; fr. tufted, subsessile, erect, ligulate, 3-4 in. lL,
2-24 lin. br., pinnate; pinne 20-80-jugate, diminishing in size from middle
of frond both ways, almost triangular, subacute, repand on upper edge ; teature
subcoriaceous ; surfaces glabrous; vein one to each pinna, forked, falling far

+ short of the tip; sorws large, round, solitary at fork close to the main rachis,

Hab. Ceylon. Thwaites, C. P., 4005.

POLYPOVIUXY. 509

153*,. P. albidulum, Baker ; caud. short, erect ; basal scales linear-subulate,
bright-brown ; st. slender, firm, grey, naked, 13-2 in. ; 7. pendulous, lanceolate,
4-8 in. L, 6-12 lin. br., cut down to rachis into adnate ligulate subacute pinne
1-13 lin. br., the lower lax and gradually reduced ; teztwre subcoriaceous ; lower
side densely white-pruinose ; veins immersed, 10-12-jugate, rarely forked, not
reaching the edge ; sori round, superficial, submarginal.— Fil. Bras. p. 598.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 3579,

157*. P. hirsutulum, Fée ; caud. short, erect; scales minute, linear, brown ;
st. 3-13 in. 1., firm, grey, clothed with minute spreading brown hairs ; fr. pen-
dulous, lanceolate, 3-6 in. 1., 6-12 lin. br., cut down to rachis into adnate
lanceolate blunt pinne@ 11-2 lin. br., the lower gradually reduced; ¢ezture.
subcoriaceous; surfaces dull-green with minute brown pubescence; veinlets
5-6-jugate, forked; soré large, round, superficial, costular.—Fil. Bras. t. 36.
jig. 2. P. gradatum, Baker, Fil. Bras. p. 513.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, Lieut. Carr, W. Longman,

157*. P. tenuwiculum, Fée; st. very short, tufted, naked; fr. oblanceolate,
3-6 in. 1., 2-1 in. br., cut down to rachis into ligulate erecto-patent blunt pinne
1-1} lin. br., the lowest decurrent along the black threadlike rachis in a repand
wing ; ¢exture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked, dull-green ; veins 8-12-jugate,
simple, erecto-patent, falling far short of the edge; sor¢ round, slightly im-
mersed, medial, 8-10 to central pinne.—P. brevistipes, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36.
p.181. P. pendulum var. Gardnerianum, Baker, Fil. Bras, p. 513.

Hab. West Indies and Brazil.

168*. P. subnudum, Mett.; fr. tufted, sessile, oblanceolate, 3-1 ft. 1., 1-14 in.
br., cut down to rachis into hgulate blunt entire pimve 1 lin. br. at midrib,
dilated at base, lower gradually reduced to mere auricles; texture coriaceous ;
lower side slightly furfuraceous ; veins obscure, immersed ; sord round, marginal,
10-12 to central pinne.—Linn. 1869. p. 30.

Hab. Society Isles and Tahiti.—Habit equally of Davallia contiqua, of which it may
be a mere form with abortive involucres.

172*. P. patentissimum, Mett.; rhizome slender, soon denuded; st. 1 in. 1,
naked, distant ; fr. lanceolate, simply pinnate, 6-10 in. ]., 1-2 in. br.; pinne
numerous, horizontal, close, subrepand, gradually narrowed at tip, lowest
deflexed, slightly shorter ; texture membranous ; surfaces quite glabrous ; fertile
veins forked ; soré medial, terminal on short anterior branches.—Kuhn, Linn. 36.
p. 134.

Hab. Mount Chimborazo, Spruce, 5713.—Differs from tenuafolium by its close pinnae
and rhizome soon denuded.

184*. P. Galeottei, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; scales lanceolate-acuminate,
pale-reddish ; st. 15 in. 1.; fr. elliptic, simply pinnate, 4 in.1.; pinne close,
8-jugate, ligulate-obtuse, serrated, lowest deflexed, rather reduced ; texture mem-
branous ; both surfaces slightly pubescent ; veins trifurcate ; sori inframedial_—
Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 135.

Hab. Mexico, Galeotti, 6552.

184*. P. pubescens, Fée ; rhizome wide-creeping, + in, thick ; scales linear, ferru-
ginous; st. 3-4 in,, like rachis stramineous, finely downy ; /r. oblong-lanceolate,
12-15 in. 1.,7-8 in. br.,simply pinnate; pinn@ 15-20-jugate, close, adnate, minutely
toothed, dilated at base, ligulate, blunt, $-g in. br. at middle, lowest deflexed,

510 POLYPODIUM.

rather reduced ; tevture thin, moderately firm ; surfaces dull-green, everywhere
finely grey-pubescent; veins 20-80-jugate, fine, immersed, subpinnate; soré
1-serial, terminal on lowest anterior branch of groups.—-L’ourn. Lil. Mem. p. 77.

Hab. Mexico, Bourgeau, 3149.

198%. P. segregatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, as thick as a quill ; scales
dense, linear, brown, adpressed ; st. 6-8 in., slender, brown-black, nearly naked ;
fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. |., 8-34 in. br. simply pinnate; pinne 15-20-jugate,
patent, very distant, linear, bluntish, obscurely repand, 13-2 lin. br., narrowed at
base, lowest not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces dull-green, the lower
with minute scattered lepidote scales; veins obscure, immersed, 8-12-jugate,
forked ; sort medial, distant, terminal on anterior branchlets.

Hab, Andes of Quito, Jameson.—Intermediate between sporadolepis and tenuifolium.

199*. Mettenius and Kuhn, Linnea, 36. p. 187, separate from plebeium as a
species under the name of P. Fraseri, a plant from Ecuador with larger sori and
larger fimbriated lepidote sales, which is also distinguished in J. Smith’s
Herbarium as P. Matthewsii, MSS.

199*. P, Bernouillii, Baker ; rhizome 1 lin. thick, firm, wide-creeping, clothed
with large lanceolate pale-brown scales ; st. 1-2 in., grey, slender, clothed with
adpressed broad scales ; /r. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 15-18 lin. br., simply pinnate ;
‘pinnae 40-50-jugate, linear, repand, 1 lin. br., narrowed at base on lower side and
gradually to a point, not contiguous, those of the lower half of the frond slightly
deflexed ; teature subcoriaceous, not rigid; lower surface densely clothed with
minute fimbriated pale-brown lepidote scales, upper nearly naked ; veins obscure,
at eles 3 sort 6-8-jugate, filling up the whole space between the edge
and midrib.

Hab. Guatemala, Bernouilli, 442.

208*. P. longepinnulatum, Fourn.; jr. lanceolate, 3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., simply
pinnate; rachis brown, minutely pubescent; pinne 30-85-jugate, ligulate,
3 in. br., subcrenate, acute, lower distant, narrowed at base ; surfaces bright-
green ; costas villose, the rest glabrous ; veins in groups of 3; soré round, yellowish.
—Fil. Mex. p. 77.

Hab. Mexico, Galeotti, 6510.

204*. P. Guilleminianum, Fourn.; rhizome as thick as a quill; scales lan-

~ceolate, pale-brown ; sf. } ft., slender, with scattered minute hairs ; fr. 14 ft. 1,

8-10 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate; pinne 15-20-jugate, ligulate,

acute, serrate, upper close, equal at base, lower distant, lin. br., cuneate to a

“narrow adnate base, lowest much reduced ; surfaces pale-green ; costas only

eighty pilose ; veins in groups of 4; soré close, uniserial near midrib.— Fl.
en. DP. TT. fig. 2.

Hab. San Rafael, Mexico, Quillemin.

204*. P. ambiguum, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping, } in. thick ; scales dense,
firm, lanceolate, bright reddish-brown with along cusp ; st. 3 ft., grey, naked ;
fr. lanceolate, simply pinnate, 12-16 in. 1, 4-5 in. br.; pinne 30-jugate, patent,
linear, narrowed to a point, Zin. br., equal at base, entire, lower nearly free,
shortened, deflexed ; rachis grey, downy ; texture membranous ; surfaces bright-
green, finely downy ; veins pellucid, 3-furcate ; sori 20-30-jugate, close, sub-
costular.— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 134, :

s

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 254,—Between sorortum and subpetiolatum.

POLYPODIUM. 511

205*. P. harpophyllum, Zenker; fr. 14 ft. 1, oblong-lanceolate, simply
pinnate; pinne ligulate-acuminate, falcate, serrate, 14-2 in. 1., 4 in. br., sub-
petiolate, upper side parallel with rachis and acutely auricled at base, lower
cuneate-truncate ; feature subcoriaceous ; suxfaces glabrous ; veinlets 2-3-furcate ;
sori medial, terminating lowest anterior forks,—Littings. tab. 22. jig. 12.

Hab. Neilgherries, Zenker,

218*. P. platybasis, Baker; rhizome as thick as a quill; scales linear, brown,
with a sudden pale edge; st. 6-8 in., dull-brown, slightly scaly upwards ; jr.
lanceolate, bipinnate, 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; rachis brownish, scaly ; pinn@ 12-15-
jugate, lanceolate, ascending, imbricated, cut down to rachis into deeply crenate
inear erecto-patent distant pinni. 1 lin. br., suddenly dilated into a broadly
adnate base, lowest ascending, 2-1 lin. br., not reduced ; feature coriaceous ;
surfaces dull-green, the upper naked, the lower with minute scattered scales ;
veins immersed, obscure ; soré uniserial in pinnl., filling up the whole space
between costa and margin.

Hab. Andes, Salta, Pearce.

229*. P. (Goniop.) Eatoni, Baker ; rhizome firm, creeping, as thick as a quill,
clothed with large linear ferruginous scales; st. 3-4 in., slender, naked, stra-
mineous ; /r. oblong-deltoid, 1 ft. 1., 6-7 in. br., truncate at base, simply pin-
natifid, cut down to a broad wing into lanceolate simple pinn@ nearly 1 in. br. at
base ; ¢eatwre membranous ; surfaces naked ; areole 2-3-serial between midrib
and edge, the inner much the largest ; soré uniserial, medial—P. Gheisbreghtii,
Eaton & Hall, non Linden.

Hab. South Mexico, Gheisbreght, 273.

238*,. P. (Gonioph.) erythrocarpum, Mett. ; rhizome 4 lin. thick, glaucous, firm,
wide-creeping ; scales lanceolate, dark-castaneous, minute; sf. 8-4 in., naked,
stramineous, very slender ; /r. oblong-deltoid, 3-4 in. ]., 14-2 in. br., caudate,
simply pinnate ; pinne 5-6-jugate, ligulate, blunt, 3-4 lin. br., obscurely repand,
adnate, only the lowest narrowed at the base on the lower side, scarcely
shortened ; ¢exture rigidly subcoriaceous ; rachis and costas below pilose; veins
raised, very distinct to the edge; areol@ and sori uniserial, the latter near the
midribs, not crowded.—Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 135. P. Atkinsoni, Clarke, ISS.

Hab. Sikkim, 8-11,000 feet.

288*. P. (Gonioph.) Hendersoni, Atkins, MSS. ; rhizome very slender, wide-
creeping; st. 3-4 in., naked, very slender, grey-stramineous; /r. lanceolate,
8-9 in. 1, 14-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnae 20-30, ligulate, bluntish, patent,
2-8 lin. br., closely inciso-crenate, only the lowest slightly narrowed at base, not
reduced ; texture membranous; surfaces naked, light-green; areole and sori
uniserial, the latter crowded close to the midrib,

Hab. Sikkim, 10-11,000 ft., Elwes, Atkinson.

238*. P. (Gonioph.) mécrorhizoma, Clarke; rhizome 1 lin. thick, firm, wide-
creeping ; scales minute, lanceolate ; st. 4-5 in., naked like the rachis, castaneous
on the lower side; fr. lanceolate, 3-1 ft.1., 3-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne
20-30-jugate, patent, lanceolate, acute, 3-4 lin. br., distantly incised, all except the
lowest dilated at the base; ¢extwre moderately firm; swrfaces green, naked ;
areole and sori uniserial, the latter near the midrib, not crowded.

Hab. Sikkim, temperate region, Clarke, Elwes.

251*. P. (Gonioph.) argutum, Wall ; rhizome } in. thick, firm, wide-creeping ;
scales minute, linear, subulate, dark-brown ; s¢. 3-6 in., naked, castaneo-stra-

512 POLYPODIUM.

mineons ; 7. suberect, oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. L., 8-12 in. br., simply pinnate ;
pinne 10-20-jugate, ligulate-acuminate, faintly inciso-crenate, $-3 in. br., many
free distant, lowest not reduced ; texture membranous ; surfaces bright-green,
naked ; areole and sori uniserial, the latter not close, nearer the midrib than
the edge.—Hh. Sp. 5. p. 82.

Hab. Himalayas, temperate region.

255*, P. (Gonioph.) sessilifolium, Liebm. ; st. and rachises naked stramineous ;
Sr. 2-8 ft. 1, 1-1} ft. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinne 20-30-jugate,
ligulate, acuminate, 4-2 in. br., faintly inciso-crenate, many lower not at all
adnate, lowest not reduced ; teature membranous; ribs below finely pubescent ;
areole and sori1- rarely 2-serial, the latter not close, in a line near the midrib.—
Gonioph. serratum, Fe, Mem. 8. p. 95.

Hab. Mexico, Bowrgeau, 2891, and a deeply-crenate form cut nearly or quite down to
the rachis at the base, Bourgeaw, 3071, bis.—General habit of subawriculatum.

262*. P. (Gonioph.) platylepis, Mett. ; rhizome } in. thick, firm, wide-creeping ;
scales large, lanceolate, pale-brown; st. 3-4 in., erect, scaly ; fr. lanceolate,
6-8 in. 1, 13-2 in. br. simply pinnate; pinne close, patent, 20-25-jugate,
2 lin. br., blunt, inciso-crenate, alldilated at base, lowest not reduced ; texture
rather thick ; lower surface coated with minute lanceolate lepidote scales with a
dark-brown centre and pale border; areole and sort uniserial.—Mett. Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 187.

Hab, Guatemala and New Granada,

263*. P. (Gonioph.) thyssanolepis, A. Br.; rhizome slender, 4 in., firm, wide-
creeping ; scales dense, minute, lanceolate, pale-brown ; st. stiff, erect, scaly,
3-12 in. ; fr. lanceolate, 8-9 in. ]., 2-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinne ascending,
ligulate, blunt, entire, distant, 2-4 in. br., all except lowest dilated at base, lowest
not reduced; texture thick, subcoriaceous; upper swrface dull-green, nearly
naked, lower densely clothed with ciliated lepidote minute scales with a brown
nucleus and broad scariose border; areole and sori uniserial.—P. rhagadio-
lepis, Fée, Gen. p. 287.

Hab. Mexico to Peru.

262*. P. villosum, Karst. ; rhizome woody, } in. thick ; scales dense, large, pale-
brown, lanceolate-acuminate; sf. 3-5 in., stiff, erect, scaly ; fr. lanceolate,
2-1 ft. 1., 2-24 in. br., gradually reduced at the base ; pinne 20-30-jugate, blunt,
ligulate, entire, 2-3 lin. br., all dilated at the base; cewtwe subcoriaceous, very
thick; upper side dull-green, nearly naked, lower densely clothed with imbri-
cated pale-brown lanceolate scales; areole and much-raised sor? uniscrial._—
Fi, Columb, t. 144,

Hab. Andes of New Granada,

280. The Himalayan differs from the typical Japanese Lingua by its broader
oblong-lanceolate fronds, and is separated by Mett. and Kuhn, Linn. 36. p.140,

a a species under the name of P. Heteractis, and by J. Smith as Niphobolus:
atus.

280*. P. (Niph.) pannosum, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping, as thick as a
quill, with small brown adpressed linear scales; st. 1-6 in., matted with
brown tomentum; /r. lanceolate, 2-6 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., narrowed to both
ends; teature subcoriaceous; under surface matted with close pale-brown
cottony tomentum ; main veins erecto-patent, 1 in. apart; sori crowded, 5-6 in

a oe between the main veins, ceasing a space from the edge.—Kudn, Linn, 36.
p. 141,

POLYPODIUM. 513

Hab. Ceylon ; and a closely-allied plant with smaller fronds, of thicker texture, and
the veins quite hidden, near Moulmein,

285*. P. (Niph.) cuneatum, Kuhns rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; scales
membranous, reddish, lanceolate; 7. dimorphous, sterile cuneate-spathulate or
round-obovate, $-1 in, 1., 8-4 lin. br., narrowed into a sf. 1-5 lin. 1., fertile larger,
oblanceolate obtuse, with a st. 1-12 in. 1.; texture coriaceous; upper side
glabrescent, lower matted with stellate tomentum ; sori oblong, biseriate between
midrib and edge, uniseriate between veins.—Bot, Zeit. 1868. p. 40.

Hab. Ecuador.

289. The tropical specimens have an oblanceolate more densely matted frond
than those of the Cape, and the scales of the rhizome narrower and firmer, and
are separated by Mett. and Kuhn, Fil Afr. p. 152. as a species under the name
of P. Schimperianum.

310*. P. (Phym.) marginatum, Baker ; rhizome } in. thick, firm, wide-creeping,
soon denuded ; scales small, brown, lanceolate ; st. 1-2 in., naked, stramineous ;
Jr. linear-ligulate, simple, 1-14 ft. L, 4-2 in. br., crispate-repand, narrowed
gradually to both ends; feature rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces bright-green,
naked ; areolw 3-4 serial between midrib and edge, exappendiculate; sord oblong,
immersed, marginal, parallel with the edge, }-4 in. apart.

Hab. Isle of Pines, Milne; New Caledonia, Deplanche, Pancher.

330*, P. (Phym.) simplicissimum, F. Mull. ; rhizome wide-creeping, as thick
as a quill; scales minute, lanceolate-acuminate, bright-brown; s¢. 1-1} in.,
grey, naked ; fertile fr. linear-ligulate, 3-6 in. 1., 3-4 lin. br., obscurely crenate,
narrowed very gradually to both ends, sterile shorter and broader; texture
rigidly coriaceous; surfaces naked ; main veins distinct nearly to edge, 13-2 lin.
apart; sori round, superficial, 1-serial between main veins and midrib and
edge, medial ; areol@ 8-4-serial between midrib and edge.—P. lanceola, /. JZ.

Fragm, 7. p. 120.

Hab. Queensland ; communicated by Baron von Mueller.

832*, P. (Phym.) selligueoides, Baker ; rhizome firm, glaucous, wide-creeping,
under 1 lin. thick ; scales minute, adpressed, brown, membranous, oblong, blunt ;
st. 2-4in., naked, stramineous ; fr. lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5-6 in. 1., 10-14
lin. br., acuminate, narrowed gradually at the base; ¢eature rigidly sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins erecto-patent, distinct to the edge, 14-2 lines
apart ; areole copious, with free included veinlets; sord uniserial between the
main veins, 1-8, round or oblong, all distant from edge.

Hab. New Caledonia, Deplanche, Pancher, Richards.

838*. P, (Phym.) exsul, Mett.; rhizome wide-creeping, as thick as a quill;
scales broad, reddish; 7. lanceolate, simple, subentire, 8-9 in. 1, 2 in. br.,
narrowed to both ends; zeature membranous ; surfaces glabrous ; areole 6-7-
seriate between edge and midrib, appendiculate; sori round, superficial, 2-3-,
rarely 4-5-seriate between main veins, 6-7-seriate between edge and midrib.—
Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 188.

Hab. South Brazil, Seddow.
356". Pleopeltis Stewartiiz, Beddome, F. B. I. t. 204, from Temperate Sikkim,

differs from typical malacodon by its firmer black rhizome-scales and rachis
furnished with a few loose spreading scales at the base of the more elongated and

tapering lamina.
3T

514 JAMESONIA,

872%, P, (Phym.) sculpturatum, Baker ; sf. grey, glossy, naked ; fr. oblong,
simply pinnate, 15-18 in. 1., 8-9 in. br. ; penne 12-15-jugate, erecto-patent, sub-
distant, adnate, much dilated at base, narrowed to a point, slightly repand,
iin, br. at middle, lowest largest ; tewtwre rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces
naked ; veins distinctly raised in the dried plant ; sore 1-serial, midway between
edge and midrib, 20-35-jugate, deeply immersed, but the edge of the pits not
bordered, for g ingprominent papille above.

Hab. Java, Hoffmansegg, 77.

872*. P. (Phym.) sarcopus, De Vriese and Teys. ; st, 6-9 in., stout, erect, naked,
stramineous ; fr. oblong, simply pinnate, 1-13 ft. 1, 6-8 in. br. 3 pémne 20-30-
jugate, ligulate, blunt, erecto-patent, entire, 3-2 in. br., adnate, dilated at
base, lowest not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked, glabrous ; areole
fine, irregular, immersed; sori 1-serial, midway between midrib and edge of
pinnez, immersed in a pit with a distinctly defined border, and forming much-
raised papillee above.

Hab. Celebes, DeVricse & Teysmann, 75.

892%, P, (Phym.) Lenormandi, Baker; sf.6-9 in., grey, glossy; jr. oblong,
simply pinnate, 13-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br.; pinnae 20-50-jugate, ligulate, blunt, erecto-
patent, close, adnate, repand, 4-2 in. br., dilated at base, lowest not reduced ;
texture subcoriaceous; surfaces naked ; areole fine, immersed, irregular; sori
in a distant row near the edge of the pinne, deeply immersed and forming
papille on the upper surface.

Hab. Mount Mu, New Caledonia, 38-4000 ft., Deplanche.

XLIX.—JAMESONIA. Page 369.

1. Var. J. Pearcei, Baker ; fr. 1-13 in. br. ; pinnae 8-4 lin, br., oblong, repand, —
densely pilose beneath, edges revolute.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, 10,000 ft., Pearce.

L.—NOTOCHLENA, Page 370—4,

_1*, N. deltoidea, Baker ; sf. densely tufted, pale-brown, clothed throughout
with lanceolate whitish spreading ciliated scales; fr. deltoid, 3-14 in. 1., bluntly
8-7-lobed ; lower lobes in more compound forms free, sessile, repand, distant,
3-4 lin. br., upper ligulate or oblong, close, entire ; ¢ezture thick and subcori-
aceous ; upper surface dull-green, nearly naked, lower densely matted with
or a scales like those of the stem; veiéms immersed ; sore hidden by the
scales.

Hab. Mexico, Lnebold.

3*, N. Fraseri, Baker ; rhizome firm, short-creeping ; scales minute, lanceolate,
firm, castaneous, with a scariose edge; st. 4-6 in., slender, naked, castaneo-ebeneous
fr. lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 4-6 in. 1., 14-2 in. br. ; pinne 10-15-jugate, lanceolate,
cut down nearly to rachis into blunt oblong lobes, lower distant, short-stalked,
upper close, sessile; ¢estwre subcoriaceous; upper surface dull-green, lower
densely matted with pale-brown tomentum; veins hidden; sori brown-casta-
ae coals emerging from the tomentum.—Cheilanthes, Det. Kuhn, Linn.

>. 83.

Hab. Tucuman and Argentine territory.

GYMNOGRAMME. 515

4, Kuhn and Carruthers have lately again separated as a species the Aus-
tralian plant, which is V. Brownii, Desv. It has longer stipes and fewer pinne
han the European plant, the lowest little or scarcely reduced.

4*. N. obducta, Baker; st.1in., brown, naked; 7, lanceolate, bipinnate, 8-9
in. 1, 13-2 in. br.3 rachis densely tomentose ; pinue numerous, subsessile, ligu-
late, + in. br., lower distant, gradually reduced ; pinnl. oblong, obtuse, upper
adnate, lower sessile ; ¢evture membranaceo-carnose ; upper surface dull-green,
glabrescent, lower densely paleaceous ; so? punctiform, hidden in tomentum.—
Cheilanthes, Mett. Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 88.

Hab. Bolivia, D’Orbigny, 386.

11*. N. Newberryi, Haton ; st. tufted, 3-5 in. 1, nearly black, when young
whitish-tomentose, at length nearly smooth ; /r. as long as st., lanceolate-oblong,
8-4-pinnate ; wit. segm. obovate, crowded, 4-3 lin. br., entire or subcrenate ; both
sides covered with a dense white tomentum of slender entangled hairs, more dense
below ; sord rather large, at last emergent from the tomentum.

Hab, California, Dr. Newberry, Prof. Wood & Brewer.

12*. N. paucijuga, Baker ; st. tufted, $-1 in., castaneous, filiform, naked like
rachis ; fr. lanceolate, 7-1 in., simply pinnate; pinnw 3-4-jugate, upper close,
oblong or lanceolate, entire, lowest deltoid, distant, sessile, slightly lobed, 2 lin. br. ;
texture membranous ; surfaces green, glabrous ; veins distinct, fine, erecto-patent,
sort brown, marginal. :

Hab. Port Darwin, North Australia ; communicated by Sir R. Schomburgk.

13*. N. cinnamomea, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-5 in., castaneous, densely clothed at
first, like the rachis, with soft pale-brown hairs; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3-
pinnate, 8-4 in. L., 14-2 in. br. ; pinne@ close, lanceolate, sessile, 4-} in. br., lowest
distant, not at all or little reduced ; pinni. oblong, obtuse, most simple adnate,
lowest sometimes free and pinnate ; ¢eature not at all rigid ; under surface clothed
- with lax pale-brown hairs ; soré brown, continuous,

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman.

LIIL—GYMNOGRAMME. Page 376—390.

3. Var. G. procurrens, Fée; veins more distinct and more raised than in the
type ; rachis and under surface less pilose.

Hab. Mexico, Schmitz, 867 ; Bourgeau, 921, 1043.

23*. G. Gardneri, Baker; sé. tufted, castaneous, 3-1 ft., pubescent; basal
scales linear, pale-brown ; fr. deltoid, tripinnatifid, 3-4 in. each way ; lower
pinne much largest, long-stalked, unequal-deltoid, 2-25 in. br.; lowest pinnl.
short-stalked, deltoid, deeply pinnatifid, with short blunt lobes ; texture mem-
branous ; both surfaces green, pubescent ; soré as in tomentosa and rufa,

Hab. Goyaz, Brazil, Gardner, 4077.

27*, G. Sellowiana, Mett. 5 st. 2-3 in., castaneous, densely pubescent upwards
like rachis ; fr. lanceolate, bipinnate, 3-6 in. ]., $-? in. br., narrowed from the
middle to both ends ; pinnaw numerous, close, lanceolate, § in. br., free at base, cut
down to rachis into few obovate-cuneate pinnl. with reflexed margins ; texture
subcoriaceous ; upper surface dull-green, thinly, lower densely, pilose on the
ribs ; sord brownish ; veins subpinnate in the pinnules—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 69.
Cheilanthes, Prest.

Hab, Central Brazil, Sellow, Warming.—Habit of Chetlanthes, section Physapteris,

516 GYMNOGRAMME.

37%. G. Jamesont, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; main rachis straight, stout,
naked, dark-castaneous ; lower pinne oblong-lanceolate, stalked, recurved, 7-8
in. 1, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. close, patent, ligulate, blunt, 3-3 in. br., lowest free, cut
down to rachis into entire close blunt segm. 2-3 lin. br. ; teature subcoriaceous ;
upper surface naked, lower clothed with pale-brown cottony tomentum ; sora
mixed with the tomentum, covering nearly the whole surface.

Hab. Pinchinchan Andes, Jameson.

88*. G. scandens, Baker ; st. and rachises subscandent, naked, castaneous ; fr.
oblong-deltoid, 1-2 ft. 1., 5-6 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pznn@ lanceolate-deltoid, fal-
cate, blunt, with castaneous winged slightly flexuose rachises ; lowest pinnl. free,
sessile, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down nearly to rachis into close cuneate-rotundate
or obovate inciso-crenate segm, 2-8 lin. br. ; teature membranous; under surface
sparsely pilose ; veining fine, distinct, flabellate ; sor filling the lobes, except the
edge.—Neurogramme scandens, Fée, Fil. Bras. p. 263.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 3552.

43". G. hispida, Mett.; rhizome creeping; scales minute, linear, pale-brown ;
st. 3-6 in., castaneous, faintly pilose ; fr. deltoid, 3-pinnatifid, 2-3 in. each way 5
lower pinne much largest, unequal-deltoid, cut down to rachis, the upper pinnl.
close, ligulate, blunt, entire, the lowest oblique-deltoid, with close ligulate blunt
segm.s texture rather thick but fragile ; under surface matted with adpressed pale-
brown tomentum, and rachis clothed with linear scales ; veins obscure, immersed ;
soré slender, hidden beneath the tomentum.— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 72.

Hab. New Mexico, C. Wright, 819 ; and valley of the Rio Grande, collected in the
Mexican Boundary Expedition.

41*, G. Biardii, Baker ; s¢.1 ft. or more 1., naked, slender, fragile, castaneous 5
jr. lanceolate, indefinite, 2-8 ft. 1, 4-pinnatifid; rachis straight, naked, casta-
neous ; pinne distant, patent, lanceolate-deltoid, short-stalked, 13-2 in. br. ; pinnl.
the same shape, the rachis winged to base; segm. deltoid, unequal-sided, cuneate-
truncate on lower side at base ; ult. dobes flabellate, ligulate, 1-nerved ; teature mem-
branous; surfaces bright-green, glabrous ; veins distinct, one running into each
final lobe ; sord brown, confluent towards the base of the segments.—Anogramme,
Fée, Fil. Bras. t. 76. fig.1. G. extensa, Baker, Fil. Bras, p. 599.

Hab, Rio Janeiro, Glazicu, 3331.

48*, G. caracasana, Klotzsch ; st. 4-6 in., castaneous, densely pilose upwards
like straight rachis ; /r. 4-6 in., oblong-lanceolate, 3-4-pinnatifid ; pinnae crowded,
straight, patent, deltoid, short-stalked, lowest largest ; lower pénni. short-
stalked, deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base; final dobes obliquely
broad ovate, blunt, close, 14-2 lin. br. ; feztwre membranous ; both sides densely
clothed with firm spreading hairs, especially the main ribs; sor? finally filling
up the whole of the ldtes except a narrow border.—G. glandulosa, Karst.

Hab, Andes of Venezuela and New Granada.

48*, G. Lechleri, Mett. ; fr. lanceolate-acuminate, 1 ft. 1., 8 in. br., 3-4-pin-
natifid ; rachis straight, castaneous, densely clothed with adpressed bristly hairs;
pinne stalked, ovate-lanceolate, lower distant ; pinnd. short-stalked, patent, sub-
cordate-ovate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, lower din. l.; segm. 3-5-jugate, confluent,
blunt, 2-3-fid ; texture chartaceous ; both sides shortly pilose ; veins raised above,
channelled below ; soré at base of final lobes.— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 71.

Hab. Peru, Lechier, 2262.

48". G. insignis, Mett. ; rhizome short ; scales dense, brown, fibrillose ; st. 2 in.,

VITTARIA. 517

castaneous ; rachis flexuose; fr. 15 in. 1., 2-83 in. br., lanceolate, 3-4-pinnatifid ;
pinne distant, stalked, 3-4 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, reflexed, faleate, obtuse ;
pinnl, stalked, spreading or reflexed, obtuse, oblique-ovate ; segm. few, obovate
or oblong, lowest nearly free, pinnatifid ; tevture rigidly subcoriaceous ; surfaces
both pilose ; soré falling short of the edge —Kuhn, Linn. 86. p. 70.

Hab. Central Brazil, St. Hilaire.

49%, G. decomposita, Baker; st. 1 ft., naked, castaneous, with deciduous yellow
meal, like slightly-flexuose rachis ; 77. lanceolate-deltoid, 13 ft. L, 1 ft. br., 45-
pinnatifid ; pinn@ close, lanceolate, stalked, lowest largest ; pinni. close, stalked,
patent, deltoid, cuneate-truncate on lower side at base ; final dobes linear, 1-nerved,
acute, upper simple, lower 3-4-nate flabellate ; ¢ezture membranous ; surfaces
bright-green, glabrous, lower scattered over with yellow meal ; soré slender, con-
fluent where the lobes join, running up into them.

Hab. Hort. Kew, probably Andine.

49*. G. Orbignyana, Mett. ; fr. ample, subscandent, 4-pinnatifid ; rachis flex-
wose, castaneous ; pinne patent, ovate-oblong, above 1 ft. 1. ; pénn/. stalked, ovate-
oblong, lower reflexed ; lower segm. reflexed, stalked, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; final
lobes obovate, blunt ; texture membranous, flaccid ; both surfaces setulose; veins
flabellate, several times dichotomous; sore medial— Kuhn, Linn. 86. p. 70.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia, D’Orbigny, 174, 299.

49*. G. prehensibilis, Baker ; fr. ample, scandent; 4-5-pinnatifid ; rachds cas-
taneous, naked, those of the pinne remarkably zigzag ; lower pinne long-stalked,
oblong-lanceolate, 2-1 ft. 1. ; lower pinn/. much reflexed, distinctly-stalked, lan-
ceolate-deltoid, 4-5 in. 1., upper patent; final lobes close, 3-4 lin. br., patent,
cuneate-flabellate, 4-$ in. br., shallowly incised 5 teatwre chartaceous ; surfaces
green, under with a few scattered bristles ; veins flabellate, distinctly raised.

Hab. Andes of Sandillano, 8-9000 ft., Pearce.

66*. G. (Sell.) abyssinica, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; scales grey, membranous,
lanceolate, clathrate ; fr. simple, lanceolate, 1 ft. 1., 3-% in. br., narrowed to point
and gradually to a short compressed stipe ; texture subcoriaceous, not at all rigid;
surfaces green, naked ; areole long and narrow, 3-4-serial between midrib and
edge exappendiculate ; soré linear-oblong, 3-4 lin, I., near the midrib distant from
one another, slightly oblique.

Hab, Abyssinia, Schimper, No. 1445 of collection of 1863-8,

80. G. (Sell.) Maingayi, Baker; st. 1} ft., dull-brown, naked; fr. deltoid,
under 1 ft. 1., with 5 oblong-lanceolate pinne, the end one largest, 5-6 in. 1., 18-21
lin. br., slightly repand, narrowed gradually at base, the lowest pair distant ;
texture membranous ; surfaces glabrous; main veins distinct to edge, din. apart ;
areole copious, minute, with free included veins ; soré very copious, minute, irre-
gular, punctiform or confluent in lines or curves,

Hab. Malacca, Maingay, 1809.

LVI.—VITTARIA. Page 395—6.

8*. V. pumila, Mett.; rhizome short ; scales under } in., lanceolate-subulate,
toothed at base ; /”. linear, 1}-2 in. 1. 4 in. br., obtuse, narrowed at base, with
edge much reflexed ; texture coriaceous ; veins entirely immersed, distant, oblique,
the midrib very prominent, truncate, not dilated at the base; sor? hidden b
vevolute edge, medial between midrib and margin.— Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 67.

Hab, Borneo, Wallace.

518 HEMIONITIS,

3%, V. debilis, Kuhn ; rhizome creeping ; scales linear, pale-brown ; jr. sessile,
tufted, ligulate, curved, blunt, narrowed at base, 14-2 in, 1., 1 lin. br. ; teature
rigidly subcoriaceous; midrib distinct from the base to the tip; vedns distant,
simple, oblique, very short and obscure; sorus in a furrow near the midrib on
both sides in the upper half of the frond, the edge beyond it flat and not thick.—
Linn, 36. p. 67.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, Thos, Lobb. ‘

8*, V. sulcata, Kuhn ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales dense, lanceolate, pale-
brown ; fr. crowded, ligulate, obtuse, sessile, narrowed to the base, 2-4-in. L,
+in. br. ; sorws in an intramarginal deep furrow confined to the very much thick-
ened upper half of the frond where the midrib and veins are quite lost ; midrib
visible in the barren lower half ; veins forked ; margin beyond the sorus as thick
asthe central portion of the lamina.—Linn. 36. p. 68,

Hab, Ceylon, Thwaites, 3807, and Society Islands,

5*, V. Orbignyana, Mett., Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 67, Bolivia, differs from stipitata
by its narrower frond and broader gradually narrowed scales, obtusely densely
toothed, and formed of several rows of cells; and V. gracilis, Moritz, Kuhn,
Linn. 36. 67, Columbia, is like Karsteniana, but with ovate scales, a short winged
stem, more ascending veins, and sorus nearer the margin.

LIX.—HEMIONITIS. Page 398—9.

1, H. Zollingeri, Kurz; fr. tufted in a dense rosette ; sterile nearly sessile,
oblanceolate, entire, 3-4 in. 1.5 teatwre membranous ; main veins distinct nearly
to edge, with copious fine irregular areolee between them ; fertile linear, slightly
repand, 8in.1, Zin. br., with a s¢. 14-2 in. ].; soré in 2-8 rows parallel with
midrib and edge, anastomosing by short cross-bars.—Journ. Asiat, Soc. Beng.
39. part 2. p. 90. t. 5. :

Hab. Java, Zollinger. “
LX.—ACROSTICHUM, Z. Page 399—425.

1*, A. glabratum, Mett.; rhizome slender, wide-creeping; scales minute,
oblong, ferruginous, acute; barren fr. oblanceolate-spathulate, 14-2 in. 1, 4-5
, lin. br., the edge revolute, its st. 3-3 in. 1. ; tewture coriaceous ; surfaces glabrous ;
veins lax, forked ; fertile fr. linear, 4-5 in. 1, 2 lin. br., with a st. 1 in. L—Ann,
Sc. Nat. ser. 4.v0l.15.p.55. «

Hab. New Caledonia, Viedllard.

6*, A. Tatez, Baker ; rhizome threadlike, wide-creeping, thinly clothed with
minute membranous brown broad lanceolate scales; barren fr. lanceolate,
6-8 in. L, 9-10 lin. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, irregularly crispato-
repand ; sé. 3 in., _stramineous, furfuraceous ; texture membranous ; both sides
green, naked ; veims distant, distinct, simple or forked, stopping short 1 line
within the edge and distinctly thickened at the tip ; fertile fr. rather shorter
and narrower, the st. similar.

Hab, Chontales, Nicaragua, Ralph Tate..

6*. A. rampans, Baker ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping ; scales firm, lanceo-
late, dense, minute, brown ; barren fr. lanceolate, 1}-3 in. 1, 8-2 in. br., bluntish,
narrowed at the base very gradually into a pale stramineous. st, 1-2 in. 1.,
clothed throughout with deciduous ovate-lanceolate scales ; texture rigidly sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked; veins subdistant, distinct, ascending, simple or
forked ; fertile fr. much smaller, with a longer stem, a

Hab, Cuba, Wright, 3959.

wv rte

ACROSTICHUM. 519

7*, A. feegeense, Wook.; rhizome woody, thick, short-creeping ; scales dense,
large, lanceolate, bright-brown ; barren fr. oblanceolate, 4-12 in. 1., 9-16 lin. br.,
blunt or subacute, narrowed very gradually into a st. 2-4 in. 1.; texture rigidly
subcoriaceous ; both sides scattered over with minute stellate peltate scales in an
early stage only ; veins distinct, forked, close ; fertile fr. smaller, with a longer
stem,—Sp. Fil. 5. p.199. Elaphoglossum, Brack. Fil. Wilkes, p. 72.

Hab. Viti group, Brackenridge, Milne ; Samoa, Powell, 121, Veitch.

9*. A. Barteri, Baker; caud. suberect; scales lanceolate, minute, brown,
membranous ; barren fr. lanceolate, narrowed gradually to both ends, 4-9 in. 1.,
9-14 lin. br., its s¢. stramineous, slightly scaly, 2-8 in. 1.3 teature rigidly sub-
coriaceous ;, surfaces naked ; veins fine, close, obscure, forked, erecto-patent ;
fertile fr. smaller, with a longer stem.

Hab. Upper Guinea, Brass, and Sierra Leone, Barter, 1810,

9*. A. lonchophyllum, Fée; caud. suberect; scales lanceolate, minute, brown,
membranous ; barren fr. lanceolate, narrowed gradually from the middle to
both ends, 1 ft. 1., 1-14 in. br., its sé. stramineous, slightly scaly, 2-8 in. 1.;
texture membranous ; surfaces naked ; veins fine, forked, close, immersed ; fertile
Jr. smaller with a longer stem.—Fourn. Fil. Men. p. 65.

F Hab, Mexico, Bourgeau, 2888.—Differs mainly from flaccidum by its stalked barren
rond,

15*. A. Patini, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, 3-4 lin. thick, densely
clothed with large brown lanceolate membranous scales; barren fr. ligulate,
bluntish, narrowed gradually at the base, 8-12 in. 1, 4-2 in. br., the edges
thickened into a distinct thick raised border ; texture rigidly coriaceous ; surfaces
naked ; veins immersed, quite hidden, forked, moderately close and fine; st.
brown-stramineous, 1-14 in. 1.; fertile fr. shorter, broader, narrowed more sud-
denly at base, its st.-rather longer.

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Patin, Pearce,

19. Metteniusand Kuhn in Linnea, 36. p. 55 to 62, have described as species
the following forms, which are either varieties Jf Jatjfolium in our sense or very
near it ; viz., firmum, attenuatum, Hofmannt, polystichum, revolvens, cartilagineum,
compactum, sporadolepis, Lessoni, macrophyllum, corpulentum, and grandifolium.
Here belong also A. hymenodiastrum, papyraceum, and _amplissimum of Fée, and
A. Vieillardii, Mett. Ann. Ser. 4 vol. p. 15. p. 55, from New Caledonia. .

21*. A. marginale, Baker; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, 2-3 lin. thick ;
scales dense, linear-subulate, bright-brown ; barren fr. oblong-lanceolate, + ft. 1.,
2 in. br., narrowed gradually to the point, suddenly at the base, bordered by a
dense fringe of minute spreading brown lanceolate scales ; its sf. 3-4 in., thinly
clothed with scales like those of the rhizome; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ;
surfaces naked ; veins distinct, subpatent, moderately close; fertile fr. ligulate,
blunt, 4-Zin. br., with a similar border, its st. reaching 1 ft., the upper side
clothed with adpressed deciduous scales.

Hab, Andes of Ecuador, 11,000 ft., Spruce, 5615.

23*, A. Prestoni, Baker; caud. thick, woody, short-creeping ; scales dense,
brown, lanceolate, membranous ; barren fr. lanceolate, 1-14 ft. |., 2 in. br., sub-
acute, narrowed suddenly at the base, bordered with a dense persistent fringe of
minute brown lanceolate membranous scales, its s¢. 6-9 in., clothed with dense
spreading linear-subulate brown-black scales ; teature moderately firm ; surfaces
naked except the midrib beneath, which is densely clothed with firm brown-black

520 ACROSTICHUM.

scales like those of the stem ; veins forked, moderately close ; fertile fr. much
smaller with longer stems.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 5367.

25%. A. pygmecum, Mett.; rhizome capillary, wide-creeping 3 scales few, very
minute, linear-subulate ; sterile fr. ligulate, 2-4 in. 1, 2-4 lin. br., bluntish,
distinctly crenate, narrowed very gradually to the base on a very short naked
stem ; ¢ezture thin but firm; under suzface naked, or with a few very minute
black adpressed scales; fertile fr. oblanceolate, 1-14 in. 1, inciso-crenate,
minutely ciliated, narrowed very gradually by a wing into a st. 1-14 in. L—
Kuhn, Linn. 36, p. 42.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador, Spruce, 5682, &e.

28*, A. recognitum, Kze. ; caud. suberect ; scales dense, brown, linear-subulate ;
barren fr. lanceolate, 2-3 in, 1., 3-3 in. br., obscurely repand, narrowed to the
point and base, its st. slender, flexuose, as long as the lamina, clothed with
deciduous subulate scales ; ¢eature thin but firm ; surfaces and edge with a few
similar subulate scales; veins distant, erecto-patent, mostly simple ; fertile fr.
similar but much smaller.—A. setosum, Ziebm.

Hab. Mexico.—Like a small variety of villosum, with fewer scales.

28*. A. Fraseri, Mett.; caud. erect; scaies dense, red-brown, lanceolate-
subulate, membranous; sterile fr. oblanceolate, obtuse, with a cuneate base,
2in. L, 4in.br., with a stem as long as itself; texture subchartaceous, both
surfaces hispid with red-brown bristles ; vers lax, oblique, ceasing in a black
dot within the margin; fertile fr. obtuse, as broad and with a similar st., but
under an inch long.—Kwhn, Linn. 36. p. 43.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador, Fendler, 362, &e.

28%, A. cubense, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales dense, lanceolate-acumi-
nate, pale-ferruginous, 2-3 lin. ; barren fr. spathulate-oblong, 2-4 in. 1., 1 in. br.,
obtuse or acute, narrowed gradually at base; its s¢. 1-2 in., densely clothed with
subulate ferruginous scales ; midrib on both sides and edge more sparsely fringed
with similar scales ; teatwre membranous, pellucid ; veins Jax, rather ascending ;
Jertile fr. narrower.—Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 46.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1040.

29*, A. amygdalifolium, Mett.; rhizome green, slender, wide-creeping ; scales
sparse, adpressed, membranous, reddish, ovate, obtuse or acute, irregularly toothed ;
sterile fr. sessile, entire, lanceolate-acuminate, 23-5 in. 1., 6-10 lin. br., narrowed
rather suddenly at the base ; tevtwre membranous, pellucid ; zpper surface palea-
ceo-punctate ; veins distinct, forked, ending in a dot within the edge ; fertile fr.
3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., narrowed gradually at the base.— Kuhn, Linn, 86, p. 41.

Hab. Costa Rica, Hoffmann.

_ 29%. A. Mettenii, Kuhn ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales membranous, suben-
tire, ferruginous, linear-subulate, dense both upon rhizome and stem ; barren fr.
lanceolate, 4-5 in. 1., ¢ in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, with a st. 3-4
in. 1. 5 teature thin but firm ; veins distinct, erecto-patent, 1 lin. apart ; both sides
scattered over with pale reddish finely denticulate linear-subulate scales from a
deltoid base ; fertile fr. smaller, with a longer stem.—Linn. 86. p. 48.

Hab, Valley of Lloa, Ecuador, on trees with A. dendricolum, Jameson,

ACROSTICHUM. 521

3l*, A. heterolepis, Baker ; rhizome 1 lin. thick, wide-creeping, clothed with
large lanceolate ascending pale-brown scales; barren fr. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3
in. 1., $-1 in. br., subacute, cuneate at base ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces pale-
green, the lower scattered over with black adpressed minute deltoid-cuspidate
scales, the edge not fringed ; its st. 1-2 in. 1, densely clothed with spreading
scales like those of the rhizome but broader ; veins subdistant, robust, ascending,
mostly forked, ceasing in a knob just within the edge ; fertile fr. unknown.

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaztou, 4865.

82*. A. dendricolum, Baker ; caud. suberect ; scales dense, linear-subulate, mem-
branous, reddish-brown ; barren fr. lanceolate, 8-6 in. 1, $3 in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, with a distinct thickened border fringed with adpressed
minute pale-brown linear scales, its st. 2-8 in. 1, densely clothed with squarrose
scales like those of the base ; texture thick, subcoriaceous ; sumfaces scattered
over with conspicuous adpressed deltoid aristate blackish scales ; veins immersed,
moderately close, arcuate, simple or forked ; fertile fr. rather smaller, with a st.
twice as long,

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Jameson.

33*, A. discolor, Kuhn ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; seales dense, ferru-
ginous, lanceolate, 3-4 lin. L., slightly ciliated ; darren fr. lanceolate, 3-6 in. L,
12-21 lin. br., narrowed to both ends, decurrent in a narrow wing, its st. as long
as the blade ; tezture rigidly subcoriaceous ; lower side scattered over with minute
ferruginous lanceolate-acuminate scales ; veins close, distinct, subpatent 5 fertile
fr. $-Z in. br., with a longer stem.—Linn. 36. p. 53,

Hab. Amazon Valley, Spruce, 2245, 2809, 2869.

38*. A. gratum, Fée; rhizome woody, slender, short-creeping ; scales small,
lanceolate, nearly black ; sterile fr. lanceolate, 5-10 in. 1., under 1 in. br., nar-
rowed to both ends; s¢. as long as the blade, stramineous, with a few minute
deciduous scales ; texture thin but rather firm ; edge and surfaces thinly clothed
with minute adpressed brown lanceolate scales, the largest 4 lin. 1. ; veins fine,
close, forked, ending in a knob within the edge; fertile fr. smaller, with a longer
stem.— Mem. 10. ¢. 30. fig. 2.

Hab. Mexico, Bowrgeau, 920, &c.

88*. A. stelligerum, Wall; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; scales dense, firm,
linear, brown-black ; sterile fr. linear-ligulate, 6-9 in. 1., 4-2 in. br., narrowed
gradually from the middle to both ends, its sé. subtufted, 1-4 in., brown, furfu-
raceous; texture rigidly subcoriaceous ; veins distinct, subpatent, moderately close;
both sides coated with bright ferruginous minute scales cut to the centre into
hairs ; fertile fr. narrower, with a longer stem.—A. viscosum, Bedd. Fil. 8. Ind.
t. 196.

Hab. Neilgherries, Wight, Beddome.

38*, A. stigmatolepis, Fée ; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping ; scales 3 in.,
linear, dense, brown ; barren fr. lanceolate, 6-12 in. 1., 3-1 in. br., acute, nar-
rowed very gradually at base into a grey nearly naked st. 1-3 in. 1.; texture
rigidly subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower thickly scattered over with
very minute black dots ; veéns fine, close, forked, erecto-patent; fertile fr. much
smaller, on a longer stem.—Elaphoglossum, Bedd. F. 8, I. t. 199.

Hab. Neilgherries.

88*, A. Welwitschit, Baker; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; scales minute,
membranous, ferruginous, lanceolate, with long cilia ; darren fr. lanceolate, 6-8
3uU

522 ACROSTICHUM.

in. 1, 3-2 in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, with a stramineous minutely-
furfuraceous st. nearly as long as itself ; teature thin but firm ; upper surface
naked when mature, lower closely dotted with minute ferruginous deeply
ee peltate scales; veins fine, close, erecto-patent ; fertile fr. similar but
smaller.

Hab. Angola, Welwitsch, 187.

40*, A. ferrugineum, Linden ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; scales lanceolate,
brown, membranous ; barren jr. lanceolate, narrowed gradually to both ends, .
1 ft. 1., 15-18 lin, br., with a nearly naked stramineous st. 2-3 in I., winged at the
top ; teature subcoriaceous ; veins moderately close and distinct, subpatent ; upper
surface bright-green, naked, lower scattered over with very minute persistent
adpressed peltate scale-dots ; fertile fr. much smaller, with a'sf, 5-6 in. 1.

Hab, Andes of Columbia,—Habit exactly of latifolium.

41*, A. tahitense, Carruth. ; rhizome short-creeping 3 scales linear ; sf. 8-4 in. 1.
semiterete, scaly at the base only; barren fr. lanceolate, 12-14 in. as Iz in. br.,
obtuse, narrowed at the base, with small peltate scales on both surfaces « veins
immersed, forked; fertile fr. smaller—Elaphoglossum, Brack. Fil, Wilkes,

p. 75.
Hab. Tahitii—Habit of A. gorgoneum.

43*, A. ornatum, Mett.; rhizome short-creeping; scales dense, membranous,
pale-reddish, ovate-acuminate ; barren fr. lanceolate, 6-7 in. 1., 8-10 lin. br., nar-
rowed to both ends, with a 1-2 in. sé, densely clothed like midrib beneath with
spreading ovate-aristate scales 2-3 lin. 1. ; texture thin but firm ; edge bordered
with dense very minute ovate-acuminate ferruginous scales ; vedns 1-2-furcate,
erecto-patent ; under side dotted with very minute brown lacerated scales ; fer-
tile fr. much smaller, on a longer st— Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 44

Hab. Andes of Venezuela, Engel, 201.

46*. A. Mandoni, Mett. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; scales dark chestnut-
brown, entire, subulate from a broad base; barren fr. 14 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
oblong or ovate, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex; st. distant, 4-1 in. ; ¢ex-
ture membranous ; both sides brown-glandular, and clothed with membranous
reddish ovate-acuminate scales; veins translucent, erecto-patent; fertile fr.
smaller, on a much longer st—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 47.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia, Mandon, 12.

48%, A. rufidulum, Willd.; barren fr. lanceolate, 4-5 in. 1., under 4 in. br., .
narrowed gradually to both ends; its sf. 3 in. L, with a few castaneous scales
at base, and pale-reddish above ; tezture subcoriaceous; veins immersed, 4 lin.
apart, erecto-patent ; scales lanceolate, reddish, membranous, fimbriated, dense
below ; fertile fr. unknown.—Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 47. ;

Hab. Madagascar, Herb. Willdenow.—Differs from its allies by its very oblique veins.

50*, A. Mullert, Fourn.; rhizome short-creeping ; scales dense, ferruginous,
lanceolate, ciliated ; st. tufted, barren, 1-2 in. ; /r. lanceolate oblong, acute, 2-4
in. 1.; surfaces densely clothed with reddish stellate scales ; fertile fr. larger,
blunt, longer stalked.—/al. Mex. p, 68, t. 1. fig. 2.

Hab. Orizaba, Mexico, F. Muller.

40*. A. acrocarpum, Mart.; caud. erect; barren Jr. erect, ligulate, 4-6 in. 1.
6-8 lin. br., narrowed gradually to point, and a st. Lins L, ‘lothed with linear-

ACROSTICHUM. 523

subulate pale-brown scales; seatwre moderately firm ; veins distant, distinct,
erecto-patent ; both surfaces thinly coated with linear-subulate reddish-brown
scales ] lin. 1. ; fertile fr. smaller, with a st. 4-8 in. 1., overtopping the barren
ones.— Fil, Bras. p. 85. t. 28.

Hab, Central Brazil.

53*. A. accedens, Mett. ; rhizome creeping 3 scales black, rigid, 2-3 in. 1., ovate-
lanceolate, obscurely ciliated ; barren fr. linear, 4-5 in. 1, under 4 in, br., nar-
rowed to both ends ; edge revolute, its st. 2-8 in. ; tewtwe subcoriaceous ; scales of
upper surface large, roundish, hyaline, ciliated, of lower ovate, reddish, densely
ciliated, the edge paler ; veins immersed, subpatent; fertile fr. 6-7 in. 1., under
3 in. br., with a shorter st—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 49.

Hab, Andes of Bolivia, Mandon.

56*, A. Schmitzii, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping ; scales brown, membranous,
ovate-acuminate, entire; sf. tufted, 1-5 in., clothed like midrib below with
patent pale ferruginous ovate-lanceolat: acuminate entire scales ; barren fr.
linear, 2-8 in. 1, 4-6 lin. br., narrowed to both ends; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins distinct, 1 lin. apart; scales stellate, membranous, not dense ; fertile jr.
linear, short-stalked.—Kuhn, Linn. 36. p. 51.

Hab. Mexico.—Habit of tectum, with different scales,

56*. A. furfuraceum, Mett.; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; scales dense, rigid,
castaneous, linear-subulate, dentato-ciliate ; darren fr. linear, 8-9 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
narrowed to both ends, its st. 8-5 in., with dense ovate-acuminate brown-black
scales ; ¢eature coriaceous ; veins close, subpatent ; scales of surfaces membranous,
furfuraceous, reddish, deciduous, of edge dense and persistent, of midrib blackish,
persistent, ovate ; fertile fr. narrower, with ast. as long as the blade.—Kuhn,
Linn, 36. p. 51.

Hab. Costa Rica, Hoffmann, 82.

62%. A. daminarioides, Bory ; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping ; scales
firm, linear, brown-black ; barren fr. lanceolate, 14-2 ft. 1., 1-13 in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, with a grey furfuraceous 6-9 in. st. ; texture subcori-
aceous ; veins close, immersed, patent; upper side thinly, lower densely coated
with minute grey peltate densely ciliated scales with a brown dot in the centre ;
fertile fr. 6-8 in. 1, $-2 in. br., with a shorter st—Fée, Acrost. t. 12; Hk. Sp.
Fil. 5. p. 235.

Hab. Guiana, Appun, 1033, &e.

65*, A. Deckenii, Kuhn ; rhizome creeping, densely clothed with black shining
deeply laciniated scales ; sterile fr. lanceolate, leather-brown when dried, 9-12
in. L, lin. br., gradually narrowed to both ends, densely clothed below, thinly
above with ovate ferruginous deeply lacerated scales, its st. above a foot long,
with similar scales ; veins 1-2 lin. apart, free or rarely uniting in an intramar-
ginal arch ; fertile fr. unknown.—Fil. Afr. p. 16.

Hab. Mount Kilimanjaro, East Tropical Africa, Kersten.

109*, A.(Chrys.) Waillit, Baker; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; scales
minute, grey, lanceolate-acuminate; sterile fr. linear, subsessile, 8-9 in. 1.,
under jin. br., narrowed to both ends, obscurely repand ; ¢extwre thin but rigid ;
surfaces naked, bright-green; midrib stramineous ; veins slender, immersed,
forming a single costal row of long areole, usually with a free decurved yeinlet

524 TODEA.

springing from the outer border 3 fertile fr. filiform, 6-8 in. 1, long-stalked.—
Journ, Bot. 1872, p. 146.

Hab, Ceylon, G. Wall,

117*, A, (Chrys.) rivulare, Baker ; rhizome creeping; sterile fr. lanceolate,
8-12 in. 1, proliferous at top, 4-5 in. br., pinnatifid at middle, with blunt lobes,
pinnate at base, with lanceolate subacute subsessile pinne 2-23 in. 1., 4-2 in. br. ;
: its st. 5-6 in. L, minutely scaly throughout; ¢eature membranous; surfaces
' glabrous; areole copious, fine, exappendiculate; fertile fr. smaller, longer-
stalked.—Brack. Fil. Wilkes Exp. p. 85. t. 11. fig. 2.

Hab. Viti, Brackenridge.

118*. A. (Chrys.) varians, Mett. ; rhizome 4 in. thick, woody, wide-climbing ;
scales small, brown, membranous, lanceolate; sterile fr. 1-134 ft. 1. and br., cut
down nearly to rachis into 1-6-jugate ligulate-oblong pine, central 6-9 in. 1.,
14-2 in. br., terminal similar, lower reduced, its sf. naked, 2-3 in. 1.5 texture
thin but firm ; surfaces glabrous ; areole multiserial, appendiculate ; barren fr.
smaller, with distant lomarioid pinne and a narrow wing to rachis,—Ann. Se,
Nat. ser, 4. vol. 15.p. 56.

Hab. New Caledonia, Veeilard, 1525.

123%, A. (Chrys.) serratum, Baker ; rhizome woody, 4 in. thick, nearly naked,
wide-creeping ; barren fr. rhomboid-deltoid, simply pinnate, 5-6 in. 1. 4-5 in. br. ;
pinne 2-4-jugate, lanceolate, ascending, 3-4 in. 1, # in. br., acuminate, dis-
tinctly inciso-crenate, subsessile, narrowly cuneate at the base, its st. strami-
neous, naked, 5-6 in. 1. ; teature thin but firm; surfaces bright-green, naked ;
veins distinct, dichotomously forked, forming large exappendiculate costal arches ;
fertile fr. with smaller blunt entire pinne and a longer stem.—Chrysodium
Kuhn, Linn, 36. p. 68.

Hab. Tarapoto, East Peru, Spruce, 4123.—Very near A. Raddianum.

128*. A. (Chrys.) cultratum, Baker; climbs on trees with fronds 6 ft. 1.;
barren pinne ligulate, 6-8 in. ]., 1-14 in. br., cut down to the rachis or a narrow
wing into entire close blunt obovate lobes $-2 in. br., cuneately narrowed to
a broad base, or rarely produced and oblong, often several of the lower or
sometimes the central lobes confluent ; texture moderately firm ; surfaces green,
naked; areole small, exappendiculate ; fertile pinne and lobes like those of the
barren fr., but the latter distant, 2-24 lin. br.

Hab. San Cristoval, Solomon Isles, H. Richards, in Herb. Macleay.

128*, Kuhn, Bot. Zeit. 27. py. 487, founds on Acrostichum pteroides a new
genus, Neurosoria, but his plant is described as having the sori confined to the
nerves, and is therefore apparently not ours, which is truly acrostichoid.

LXIII.—TODEA. Page 427—8.

2*, T. (Lept.) Moorei, Baker ; fr. oblong-deltoid, 14-2-ft. 1, 1 ft. br., bipinna
tifid 5 pénnce imbricated, lanceolate, sessile, the lower 14-2 in. br. ; pinni, close,
sessile, lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into close erecto-patent blunt
ligulate lobes, toothed on outer edge; surfaces naked ; texture thicker than in
the other species; sorz oblong, placed against costa near base of pinnules.—
Journ, Bot. 1878, p. 16.

Hab. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore.

QL

ANEMIA, 52

LXV.—ANEMIA. Page 431—6.

4*, A. afinis, Baker ; st. 6-15 in., naked, stramineous ; darren segm. lanceolate,
6-8 in. 1., 14-2 in. br.; pinne 8-9-jugate, blunt or subacute, lanceolate or
oblong, 3-3 in. br., nearly square on upper, cuneate-truncate on lower side at
base, finely irregularly toothed ; rachis and surfaces naked ; texture papyraceous ;
Fertile segm. 8-4 in. 1., much shorter than their peduncles.—A. collina, J. Sm. &
Fourn. non Raddi.

Hab. Sierra Madre, North Mexico, Seemann, 1951.

14. Anemiebotrys aspera, Fée, Fil. Bras. p. 267. ¢. 78. fig. 2, from Rio, is
apparently an abnormal form of var. fulva, with the two fertile segments placed
some distance below the barren one and spreading horizontally from the main
rachis, with remote patent pinne and stalked patent deltoid pinnules,

LXVIII—LYGODIUM. Page 436—9.

13. L. Kerstenit, Kuhn, Fil. Afr. p. 28, from the island of Nossibe, near
- Madagascar, is said to be very near japonicum, but to differ by the ovate-oblong
final lobes of the sterile frond, which are caudate at the top.

16. L. (Hydro.) Boivini, Mett.; petioles winged, continuous; pinne deltoid,
sterile 6-7 in. 1]. and br.; segm. 3-4 on a side, ligulate, obtuse or acute, lowest
8 lin. br., subcordate, stalked and lobed at base, upper adnate ; areol@ in several
rows ; texture chartaceous ; surfaces smooth ; fertile segm. shorter, 2 in. br., with
1-seriate areole or the veins free; fertile lobes linear, close or remote.—Kuhn,
Fil. Afr. 168.

Hab, Island of Nossibe, near Madagascar, Boivin.

LXX.—MARATTIA. Page 440—2,

1*. M. arguta, Mett. ; fr. bipinnate ; pinnae broad lanceolate ; pinnl. stalked,
oblong-lanceolate, 5-6 in. ]., 1} in. br., subequally round-truncate at base, acumi-
nate, sharply unequally serrated with incurved teeth ; texture subcoriaceous ;
lower surface and rachis with a few fimbriated ferruginous scales ; veins close,
with intermediate spurious venules ; sor? minute, elliptic, subdistant, not touching
the base of the teeth, with 5-6 capsules on a side—Auhn, Linn. 36. p. 169.

Hab. A garden plant ; native country not ascertained.

LXXI—DANA. Page 442—4,

8*. D. créspa, Endres ; barren fr. oblong, 3 ft. 1., 3in. br.; rachis distinctly
winged throughout ; pimn@ 15-20-jugate, patent, short-stalked, opposite, ligulate,
blunt, 2 lin. br., deeply irregularly crispato-inciso-serrate, lowest much reduced ;
texture membranons, like that of Leptopteris; end pinn@ obliterated ; veins
distinct, distant, forked at or above the base; rachis and midribs beneath
densely scaly; fertile pinne smaller and more distant.—Reich. fil. Bot. Zeit.
1872, p. 489.

Hab. Costa Rica, Endres.

526 DANJEA,

3*, D. Wendlandi, Reich. fil.; dwarf; st. narrowly winged; barren fr.
oblong-lanceolate ; rachis winged, densely beset with oblong scales in front ; pinnae
16-17-jugate, all except uppermost short-stalked, oblong, falcate or nearly
straight, unequal at the base, the end one not produced ; veins mostly forked
from the base, rarely simple ; fertile fr. taller, with fewer narrow ligulate pinne,
the face clothed with dense minute peltate scales.—Bot. Zeit, 1872, p. 490.

Hab. Costa Rica, Wendland,

INDEX TO SECOND EDITION.

[Genera and Subgeneras in Sat Carrrats; accepted Species in Italics ; Synonyms and Varieties

ABACOPTERIS, see NEPHRO-
DIUM and PoLYPoDIum.

ACHOMANES,
MANES.

ACONIOPTERIS, se¢ AOROSTI-
CHUM.

ACROPHORUS, see DAVALLIA.

see TRICHO-

ACROSTICHUM.

accedens, 523
acrocarpon, 522
acrocarpon, 408
aculeatum, 412
acuminatum, 414
zmulum, 401
affine, 401
alatum, 401
alienum, 419
alismefolium, 403
alpestre, 405
amplissimum, 519
amygdalifolium, 520
andicolum, 403
angulatum, 401
angustum, 409
apiifolium, 413
apodum, 407
appendiculatum, 415
argutum, 419
articulatum, 413
‘aspidioides, 414
assurgens, 409
attenuatum, 519
Aubertii, 406
aureo-nitens, 421

aureum, 423
auricomum, 410
auricomuin, 409
auritum, 410
axillare, 420

in Roman text.]

ACROSTICHUM (continued).
barbarum, 427
barbatum, 407
Barteri, 519
Bellermanianum, 410
bicuspe, 421
bifurcatum, 413
bipinnatifidum, 419
Blanchetii, 403
Blumeanum, 423
Boryanum, 407
brachyneuron, 402
brachystachys, 424
Burchellii, 401
buxifolium, 412
Cenopteris, 417
Calaguala, 405
callefolium, 403
canaliculatum, 415
cardiophyllum, 404
cartilagineum, 519
caudatum, 400
caudatum, 414
caulolepia, 410
cervinum, 416
cicutarium, 417
ciliatum, 406
cinnamomeum, 409
compactum, 519
conforme, 401
contaminans, 420
corcovadense, 416
corpulentum, 519
costatum, 420
erinitum, 421
crispatulum, 42)
cubense, 520
cultratum, 524
Cumingii, 407
curvans, 406
cuspidatum, 411
cuspidatum, 412
eylindricum, 415

*

AcrosticHuM (continued).

Deckenii, 523
decoratum, 404
deerescens, 412
decurrens, 403
decurrens, 407, 417, 418
dendricolum, 521
deorsum, 410
dichotomum, 246
didynanum, 401
dimorphum, 406
discolor, 521
dissimile, 406
diversifolium, 418
Dombeyarium, 409
drynarwoides, 424
durum, 400
elongatum, 410
Engelii, 409
erinaceum, 407
eximium, 405
falcatum, 406
Feei, 404
feejeense, 401, 519
Serrugineum, 522
firmum, 519
flabellatum, 415
Jflaccidum, 401
flagelliferum, 418
Jluviatile, 422
feniculaceum, 416
Sractiseriale, 414
Fraseri, 520
fraxineum, 412
fulvum, 409
Funckii, 408
Surfuraceum, 523
gaboonense, 417
Gardnerianum, 405
Gayanum, 401
glabellum, 400
glabratum, 518
gorgoneum, 416

8

ACROSTICHUM (continued).

grandifolium, 519
gratum, 521
guianense, 423
Hamiltonianum, 415
Harlandii, 418
Hartwegii, 408
Helferianum, 415
Herminieri, 402
heteroclitum, 418
heterolepis, 521
heterolepis, 411
heteromorphum, 405
Heudelotii, 422
hilocarpum, 418
Hoffmanni, 519
Huacsaro, 405
Huacsaro, 408
humile, 404
hybridum, 403 »
hymenodiastrum, 519
Hystrix, 407
impressum, 401
integrifolium, 421
Karstenianum, 401, 406
Klotzschii, 406
laciniatum, 417
laminarioides, 411, 523
lanceolatum, 420
Langsdorffii, 410
latifolium, 403
latifolium, 403
laurifolium, 401, 412
Lechleri, 401
Lechlerianum, 415
Lepervanchii, 401
lepidotum, 409
leptophyltium, 400
Lessoni, 519
Lindbergii, 403
Lindeni, 404
Lindigii, 411
Lindigtt, 423
lineare, 406
Lingua, 402
Linneanum, 417
Lloense, 405
lomarioides, 423
lonchophyllum, 519
longifolium, 403, 412
ludens, 415
luridum, 402
macrophyllum, 519
Mandom, 522
Mannianum, 409
marginale, 519
marginatum, 401
martinicense, 400
paren
melanopus, 4038
TislRnaiceal, 401
meridense, 410
Mettenti, 520

INDEX.

ACROSTIOHUM (continued).

Meyerianum, 413
micradenium, 400
minus, 420
minutum, 401
Mulleri, 522,
muscosum, 410
muscosum, 409
nervosnm, 416
nicotianefolium, 419
nigrescens, 400
nitidum, 400
nivosum, 410
normale, 420
Norvrisit, 401
nutans, 414
obductum, 410
obtusatum, 408
obtusifolium, 401, 404
oligarchicum, 418
ornatum, 522
osmundaceum, 415
ovatum, 404

ovatum, 408
oxyphyllum, 401
pachyphyllum, 421
paleaceum, 411
pallidum, 401
palustre, 402
palustre, 412
pandurifolium, 422
papyraceum, 519
Patimi, 519
pellucidum, 400
peltatum, 416
perelegans, 411
petiolosum, 400
pilosum, 406
piloselloides, 408
platyrhynchos, 424
plumbicaule, 418
Plumieri, 409
plumosum, 411
polylepis, 410
polyphyllum, 424
polystichum, 519
prestantissimum, 428
Preslianum, 420
Preslianum, 406
Prestoni, 519
procurrens, 408
proliferum, 420
pteroides, 424, 524
pteroides, 423
pubens, 414
punctatum, 360, 419
punctulatum, 401
punctulatum, 419
pygmeum, 520
quercifolium, 418
Quoyanum, 419
Raddianum, 423
Raddianum, 408

ACROSTIOHUM (continued).

rampans, 518
recognitum, 520
repandum, 419
Requienianum, 423
reticulatum, 421
revolvens, 519
rigidum, 424
rivulare, 524
rubiginosum, 410
rufescens, 409
rufidulum, 522
Ruizianum, 405
rupestre, 410
salicinum, 422
samoense, 407
Sartorii, 403
scalpellum, 403
scandens, 402
scandens, 412
Schiedei, 410
Schlimense, 402
Schmitait, 523
Schomburgkii, 402, 403

- scolopendrifolium, 407

sejunctum, 409
semicordatum, 422
semipinnatifidum, 419
serratifolium, 417
serratifolium, 423
serratum, 524
setosum, 409, 520
Steberi, 403
simplex, 400
simplex, 424
Smithii, 412
sorbifolawm, 412
spathulatwm, 408
spicatum, 424
sporadolepis, 519
Sprucei, 411
squamipes, 404
squamosum, 410
squamosum, 411
squarrosum, 405
stelligerum, 521
Stemmaria, 425
stenopteris, 402
stigmatolepis, 521
straminewm, 408
strictum, 409
subdiaphanwm, 416
subrepandum, 419
succisscefolium, 408
tacceefolium, 418
tahitense, 522
tambillense, 400
Tatet, 518

tectum, 410
tenuifolium, 412
terminans, 420
tomentosum, 411
tovarense, 403

AcrosticHuM (continued).
tricuspe, 422
trilobatum, 418
tripartitum, 416
truncicolum, 410
undulatum, 409
unitum, 401
vagans, 401
yalidinervis, 424
variabile, 412
variabile, 417
varians, 524
venustum, 404
vestitum, 411
Vieillardii, 519
villosum, 498
villosum, 409
virens, 420
viscidum, 409
viscosum, 406
viscosum, 521
‘Vuleani, 403
Wageneri, 411
Wallii, 523
Webbii, 407
Welwtischtt, 521
Wilkesianum, 413
Wilkesianum, 424
Wrightit, 401
Wrightii, 412
xanthoneuron, 406
yapurense, 412

ACTINIOPTERIS.

australis, 246
radiata, 246

ACTINOSTACHYS,seeScHIZBA,

-ADENOPHORUS, see PoLyPo-

DIUM.

ADIANTOPSIS, see CHEILAN-

THES.

ADIANTUM.
ethiopicum, 123
afjine, 117
affine, 117
alarconianum, 122
amabile, 124, 474
amcenum, 126
andicola, 124
aneitense, 472
an tum, 126
asarifolium, 114
assimile, 123
Bennettii, 473
betulinum, 116
brasiliense, 474
calcarcum, 115
cantoniense, 114

INDEX.

ADIANTUM (continued).
Capillus-Junonis, 114
Capillus-Veneris, 123
cardiochlena, 118
Catherine, 118
caudatwum, 115
cayennense, 121
chilense, 123
clavatum, 470
colpodes, 124
concinnum, 123
convolutum, 474
crenatum, 120
erenatum, 123
cristatum, 117
cristatum, 118
cubense, 119 -
cultratum, 118
cuneatum, 124
Cunninghami, 117
curvatum, 126
decorum, 474
deflectens, 114
deltoideum, 121
denticulatum, 96, 115
diaphanum, 117
digttatum, 125
dilatatum, 123
dolabriforme, 114
dolosum, 127
Edgeworthii, 115, 472
elatum, 129
emarginatum, 123
excisum, 123
faleatum, 122
Farleyense, 124
Feei, 125
filiforme, 114
Jlabellulatum, 126
flexuosum, 125
formosum, 119
fovearum, 116
fragile, 124
-fractuosum, 120
fulvum, 120
furcatum, 413
Galeottianum, 116
glandaliferum, 123
glaucescens, 118
glaucoyhyllum, 124
gracile, 119
grossum, 472
Hendersoni, 121
Henslovianum, 118
Hewardia, 127
hirtum, 119
hispidulum, 126
humile, 126
incisum, 122
intermedtium, 116
Kaulfussii, 115
Klotzschianum, 118
Kunzeangm, 119

8x

529

ADIANTUM (continued).

Kunzei, 119
letum, 118
Lancea, 107, 120
Lepricurii, 127
Lindeni, 473
Lindsea, 126
Lobbianum, 120
lucidum, 121
lunulatum, 114
macrocladum, 118
macrophyllum, 121
macropterum, 127
Matthewsianum, 118
Mettenii, 472
mexicanum, 124
microphyllum, 122
microphyllum, 125
monochlamys, 125
monosorum, 472
Moorci, 474
nigrescens, 117
obliquum, 115
obtusum, 119
olivaceum, 127
orbiculatum, 107
Parishti, 114
patens, 126
pectinatum, 120
pedatum, 125
pentadactylon, 118
peruvianum, 116
philippense, 114
Phyllitidis, 121
platyphyllum, 115
politam, 120
polyphyllum, 118
populifoliom, 121
prionophyllum, 120
pseudo-capillus, 123
pteropus, 115, 472
pubescens, 126
pulchelum, 120
pulverulentum, 122
pumilum, 472
pyramidale, 122
Reichenbachii, 118
reniforme, 114
rhizophorum, 115
rhizophytum, 472
rigidulum, 474
rubellum, 474
scabrum, 123
Schweinfurthii, 472
Seemannii, 121
sericeum, 473
serrato-dentatum, 119
sessilifolium, 118
setulosum, 117
Shepherdi, 116
sinuosum, 116

- soboliferum, 115
speciosum, 125

530

ADIANTUM (continued),
subcordatum, 116
subscandens, 473
subvolubile, 473
sulphureum, 123
tenellum, 57
tenerum, 124
tetragonum, 474
tetraphyllum, 120
thalictroides, 123
tinctum, 474
tomentosum, 118
trapeziforme, 118
tremulum, 114
‘triangulatum, 116
urophyllum, 118
Veitchianum, 473
Veitchii, 125
velutinum, 472
venustum, 125
villosissomum, 473
villosum, 122
Wagneri, 473
Wilesianum, 120
Wilsoni, 127

AGLAOMORPHA, see Poty-

PODIUM.

ALEURITOPTERIS, see CHEI-

LANTHES.

ALLANTODIA,
australis, 229
Brunoniana, 246
umbrosa, 227

ALLOSORUS, see PELLZA and

CHEILANTHES,

ALSOPHILA,

aculeata, 34, 35
ethiopica, 44
alternans, 41
alutacea, 457
Andersoni, 459
Arbuscula, 33
armata, 34
armata, 35
armigera, 33
aspera, 83
aterrima, 38
atrovirens, 34
australis, 40
axillaris, 35
bipinnatifida, 456
Blanchetiana, 457
blechnoides, 32
Boivini, 460
Bongardiana, 41
Brunoniana, 42
caracasana, 457
caudata, 42
celebica, 41

INDEX.

ALSOPHILA (continued).

chimborazensis, 37
Colensoi, 40
commutata, 48
comosa, 30, 460
comosa, 41
compta, 33
concinna, 459
conjugata, 37
contaminans, 41
Coopert, 459
crassa, 457
crenata, 32
crenulata, 44
crinita, 42
Currori, 44
decipiens, ,455
decomposita, 39
decurrens, 39
densa, 38
elegans, 32
elongata, 34
excelsa, 40
excelsa, 32
falcata, 458
ferox, 34
floribunda, 458
frigida, 38
frigida, 38
Gardnert, 33
gibbosa, 457
gigantea, 43
glabra, 43
glauca, 42
glaucescens, 38
Glaziovit, 456
Godmant, 36
hirsuta, 35
hirta, 35
Hookeriana, 34
Humboldtii, 35
hypolampra, 33
infesta, 34
intermedia, 41
Junghuhniana, 31
lasiosora, 457
latebrosa, 43
Leichardtiana, 40
lepifera, 42
leucolepis, 34
Loddigesit, 458
lunulata, 31
lunulata, 41
turida, 48
Macarthuri, 40
Macgillivray?, 458
marginalis, 32
melanopus, 37
Metteniana, 459
mexicand, 38
microphylla, 36
Miersti, 32
Moorei, 40

ALSOPHILA (continued).
myosurotdes, 38
mgra, 385
nitens, 34
Novee-Caledonie, 39
oblonga, 458
obtusiloba, 45
oligocarpa, 39
oligosora, 41
ornata, 460
paleolata, 33
Parkeri, 32
pauciflora, 33
poucifolia, 456
phalerata, 457
phegopteroides, 32
ptlosissima, 457
plagiopteris, 35
podophylla, 43
Poeppigtt, 35
preecincta, 458
procera, 33
pruinata, 38
pierorachis, 456

\ pubescens, 32
pungens, 457
pycnocarpa, 36
radens, 35
ramispina, 42.
Rebeccee, 40
rigidula, 35
Robertsiana, 459
rostrata, 32
sagittifolia, 456
Salvinii, 36
samoensis, 39
Schiedeana, 33
Schlimit, 458
Scottiana, 460
Sellowiana, 32
senilis, 33

- petosa, 455
Sprucet, 37
squamata, 36
squamulata, 41, 43
strigosa, 30
subglandulosa, 44
Swartziana, 35
Tenitis, 32
tahitensis, 455
tenera, 450
tomentosa, 42
tristis, 44
truncata, 89
tumacensis, 34
“Veitchii, 41
verwicosa,.87
villosa, 35
villosa, 85
vitiensis, 41
Wallacet, 459
Weigeltii, 30
Wendlandi, 457

- AMAUROPELTA, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

AMBLIA, see ASPIDIUM.

AMPELOPTERIS, sce PoyPo-
DIUM,

_, AMPHIBLESTRA, see PTERIS
and DIcTYOXIPHIUM.

AMPHICOSMIA, see HEMI-
TELIA.
ANAPELTIS, see POLYPODIUM.
ANCHISTEA, see Woop-
WaRDIA,
-- ANEMIA,
adiantifolia, 434
afinis, 525

anthriscifolia, 433
aspera, 525
asplenifolia, 434
aurita, 435
bipinnata, 435

. Breuteliana, 431
Breuteliana, 432
buniifolia, 435
earuifolia, 434
caudata, 432
cicutaria, 435
ciliata, 433
collina, 431
collina, 482
coriacea, 433
cuneata, 434
deltoidea, 433
densa, 435
dentata, 431
dichotoma, 435
dissecta, 433
diversifolia, 435
Dregeana, 431
elegans, 436
ferruginea, 434
Jiliformis, 431
filiformis, 433
flexuosa, 433

_ fraxinifolia, 435
fulva, 433
Gardneri, 431
Gardneriana, 432
glareosa, 432
glareosa, 434
Glaziovii, 481
glomerata, 434
gracilis, 433
hirsuta, 433
hirta, 433, 435
hispida, 433
humilis, 431, 433
imbricata, 434
incisa, 433
laciniata, 435

INDEX,

ANEMIA (continued),
Langsdorfiana, 483
longifolia, 435
macrophylla, 435
mandioccana, 432
mandioccana, 432
mexicana, 438
millefolia, 486
obliqua, 435
oblonga, 434
oblongifolia, 431
pallida, 433
Phyllitidis, 435
Phyllitidis, 433
pilosa, 431
Pohliana, 433
Raddiana, 434
radicans, 432
repens, 433
rotundifolia, 432
rubrostipes, 434
ruteefolia, 434 -
Schimperiana, 434
Schraderiana, 484
Seemanni, 431
sorbifolia, 435
speciosa, 433
tenella, 433
tenuifolia, 435
tomentosa, 433
trichorhiza, 484
Tweediana, 434
vellea, 432
Vespertilio, 485
villosa, 433
Wightiana, 434
Wrightit, 485

ANEMIZBOTRYS, see ANEMIA,
ANEMIDCTYON, see ANEMIA,
ANEMIRHIZA, see ANEMIA.

ANETIUM, sce HEMIONITIS.
evecta, 440

ANISOCAMPIUM, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

ANISOGONIUM, see ASPLE-
NIUM.

ANOGRAMME, sce . GYMNO-

GRAMME,

ANTIGRAMME, see SCOLOPEN-
DRIUM.

ANTROPHYUM.

angustatum, 393
Boryanum, 394
Brookei, 392
callzefolium, 393
cayennense, 394
coriaceum, 393

531

ANTROPHYUM (continued).
Cumingti, 393
ensiforme, 393
Féei, 394 ai

iganteum,
epi 393
lanceolatum, 394
latifolium, 394
latipes, 393
Lessoni, 393
lineatum, 392
Mannianum, 394
nanum, 393
niphoboloides, 351
obtusum, 394
parvulum, 393
plantagineum, 393
pumilum, 393
reticulatum, 393
semicostatum, 393
subfalcatum, 392
subsessile, 894

APALOPHLEBIA, scé POLYPo-
DIUM.

ARACHNIODES, sce ASPIDIUM.

ARTHROBOTRYS, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

ARTHRODANSA, see Danza.

ARTHROPTERIS, sce NEPHRO-
piuM and NEPHROLEPIS.

ASPIDIUM.
abbreviatum, 257
abortivum, 292
abruptum, 263
acrocarpon, 281
acrostichoides, 250
aculeatum, 252
adiantoides, 93
alatum, 296
albicaule, 262
alienum, 298
alsopbilaceum, 496
amabile, 254
amplum, 285
angulare, 252
angulatum, 258
anomalum, 253
apiifolium, 297
arguium, 275
aridum, 291
aristatum, 255, 493
ascendens, 53
ascendens, 255
asperulum, 266
assamicum, 493
atratum, 261
attenuatum, 290
auriculatum, 251, 498

532

ASPIDIUM (continued).
Barteri, 299
Berteroanum, 255
biaristatum, 252
biforme, 502
Boottii, 275
Brackenridgei, 494
caducum, 257
ceespitosum, 251, 493
calcareum, 259
californicum, 253
canariense, 272
capense, 254
Capitainei, 266
caryotideum, 257
catacolobum, 502
cherophylloides, 276
cheilanthoides, 270
cicutarium, 299
ciliatum, 494
cirrhosum, 263
concinnum, 277
confertum, 257
confluens, 504
coniifolium, 256
conioneuron, 289
coriaceum, 255
Cornu-Cervi, 256
costale, 495
eraspedosorum, 492
cruciatum, 311
Ctenitis, 265
cubense, 501
cucullatum, 290
Currori, 500
cuspidatum, 260
cystostegia, 253
decrescens, 497
decurrens, 299
decursivo-pinnatum,

259
decurtatum, 292
Desvauxii, 305
devexum, 259
dilaceratum, 300
dimidiatum, 500
dimorphum, 294
dissectum, 290
echinatum, 266
edentulum, 279
elatum, 502
emarginatum, 262
eriocaulon, 495
extensum, 289
falcatum, 257
Salcinellum, 249
fimbriatum, 258
Fischézi, 496
jlexum, 255
tlexuosum, 501
feniculaceum, 256
Forsteri, 297
Fortunei, 257

INDEX.

ASPIDIUM (continued).

Francoanum, 288
Fraseri, 495
fraternum, 281
frondosum, 255
Funkii, 496
Gardnerianum, 282, 496
Germani, 266
giganteum, 259, 300
glabratum, 500
glanduliferum, 506
glandulosum, 249
gongylodes, 289
gracilescens, 262, 267
grande, 299
grandifolium, 298
Gueintzianum, 269
guianense, 257
Hamiltonii, 256
Harveyi, 497
heracleifolium, 258
heterocarpon, 293
heterolepis, 251
hispidulum, 293
Hookeri, 257
Hookeri, 292
ilicifolium, 250
ticifolium, 251
immersum, 299
insigne, 262
integrum, 193
intermedium, 276
irregulare, 298
irriguum, 297
juglandifolium, 257
Karwinskyanum, 279
kilmense, 498
Kingii, 249
Klotzschii, 287
lachenense, 250
lanigerum, 281
laserpitiifolium, 254
latebrosum, 294
latifolium, 297, 300
Jatissimum, 502
lentum, 251
lepidocauton, 250-
Lepinei, 501
leptorachis, 276
Levyi, 502
Lindeni, 268, 494
lobatum, 252
Lobbii, 297
Lonchitis, 250
longipes, 290
luctuosum, 252
Ludovicianum, 272
lugubre, 266
lutescens, 285
macrophyllum, 300
macrourum, 262
macrum, 502
maderense, 250

ASPIDIUM (continued).
marginatum, 251, 272
megalodus, 317
megaphyllum, 292
melanochlamys, 256
melanocaulon, 296
melanostictum, 256
membranacewm, 259
meniscoides, 257
Meyanthidis, 297
mohrioides, 252
molle, 289
monostichum, 266
Moritzianum, 252
mucronatum, 250
multidentatum, 91
multifidum, 256
multijugum, 291
multilineatum, 291, 292
munitum, 249
muricatum, 252
nephrodioides, 258
nicaraguense, 493
nigrescens, 504
nigritanum, 499
nitidulum, 498, 502
nitidum, 265
obliquatum, 264
obliquum, 251, 493
obscurum, 291
obtusissimum, 498
obtusum, 252
ocellatum, 251
oculatwm, 253
odoratum, 280
oligocarpum, 268
ordinatum, 252.
pachyphyllum, 299
pallidum, 275
paludosum, 29-4
palustre, 270
pauciflorum, 265
pellitum, 293
pennigerum, 293
phzochlamys, 502
Pica, 298
pilosiusculum, 293
pilosulum, 268
pilosum, 301
plantagineum, 258
Plaschnickianum, 249
platanifolium, 258
Plumieri, 258
polycarpum, 248
polymorphum, 297
pretervisum, 495
Prescottianum, 253
procerum, 502
procurrens, 290
proliferum, 252
prolixum, 268
propinquuin, 289
Ptarmica, 496

AspIpIum (continued).

pterifolium, 497
pteropus, 299
puberulum, 298, 495
pungens, 252
pusillum, 260
ramosum, 301, 502
remotum, 275
repandum, 258
rhizophyllum, 249
Richardi, 253
rigidulum, 496
rivulorum, 268
rufobarbatum, 252
sagenioides, 271
sanctum, 499
scabrosum, 283
Schimperianum, 272
Schottianum, 262
Schweinitzii, 250
securidiforme, 281
Seemannii, 255
semicordatum, 249
semibipinnatum, 297
serratum, 193
sesquipedale, 301
setosum, 274
Sheperdi, 281
siifolium, 299
sikkimense, 256
singaporianum, 296
sinuatum, 258, 282
spinuloso-cristatum, 273
squamigerum, 265
squarrosum, 252
stimulans, 251
stipitatum, 278
stipulaceum, 269
stipulare, 262
subglandulosum, 285
subsericeum, 281
subtriphyllum, 297
suleatum, 265
syrmaticum, 272
taygetense, 103
tenerrimum, 268
Teysmannianum, 299
Thomsoni, 251
trapezioides, 251
Trianz, 286
triangulum, 250
trichophorum, 266
tridens, 251
trifoliatum, 258
trifoliatum, 298
tripteron, 254
truncatulum, 248
truncatum, 294
tsus-simense, 252
uliginosam, 284
undulatum, 276
variolosum, 298
varium, 254

INDEX.

ASPIDIUM (continued).
vastum, 296
velleum, 265
venulosum, 291
vestitum, 252
Vieillardii, 282
vile, 499
violascens, 293
viviparum, 251
zeylanicum, 272
Zollingerianum, 298

ASPIDOTIS, see HYPOLEPIS.

ASPLENIDICTYON, see ASPLE-
NIUM.

ASPLENIUM.
abscissum, 203
abyssinicum, 220
achillezefolium, 481
achilleefolium, 227
acuminatum, 218
acuminatum, 235
acutum, 214
adiantoides, 213
adiantoides, 217
Adiantum-nigruin, 214
adulterinum, 133
equabile, 485
affine, 215
alatum, 200
alienum, 242
alismefoliuin, 243
allantodioides, 499
allantodioides, 241
alternans, 194
alternifolium, 231
amabile, 205
ambiguum, 241
amboinense, 192, 193
amplum, 236
anceps, 197
angolense, 485
angustatum, 217
angustifolium, 199
angustum, 191
anisodontum, 205
anisophyllum, 204
anopterum, 502
Apollinaris, 236
arboreum, 233
arborescens, 240
arcuatum, 197
arifolium, 398
Arnottii, 240
asperum, 238
aspidioides, 228
assimile, 489
Atkinsoni, 489
atrovirens, 484
altenuatum, 194
aureum, 245

ASPLENIUM (continued).

auriculatum, 203
auriculatum, 223, 233
auritum, 208
australasicum, 191
australe, 229, 489
bantamense, 231
Barteri, 202
basilare, 229
Beddomei, 208
Belangeri, 223
bifidum, 202
bifissum, 220
bipinnatuim, 221
bipinnatum, 486
bipartitum, 212
bissectum, 211
Blackistoni, 216
Blanchetii, 233
bogotense, 241
Boltoni, 204
borbonicum, 222
borneense, 203
Bourgzi, 216
brachypodum, 490
brachypteron, 221
Brackenridget, 234
Bradleyi, 487
brevisorum, 228
brevisorum, 229
bulbiferum, 218
bulbiferum, 234
Callipteris, 231
camarinum, 230
camptocarpon, 204
camptorachis, 202
camptosorum, 207
caracasanum, 233
Carruthersii, 483
castaneum, 197
caucense, 232
caudatum, 209
caudatum, 238
celtidifolium, 233
centrifugale, 485
centripetale, 490
Ceterach, 245
chimborazense, 244
chinense, 237
chlororachis, 233
chocoense, 244
cicutarium, 226
cladolepton, 220
coarctatum, 233
Colensoi, 219
commutatum, {83
comorense, 240
compactum, 219
compressum, 206
comptum, 486
conchatum, 228
concinnum, 220
concolor, 191

534

ASPLENIUM (continued).

confluens, 490
congruum, 235
contiguum, 205
cordifolium, 2438
coreanum, 235
coriaceum, 240
coriaceum, 192
costale, 236
costale, 227
crassidens, 232
crenatifolium, 218
crenato-serratum, 230
erenatum, 224
crenulans, 232
crenulatum, 286
crenulatum, 193, 224
crinicaule, 208
cristatum, 210
cultratum, 231
cultrifolium, 2038
Cumingii, 243
cuneatum, 214
Currori, 192
cyatheeefolium, 238
eyrtopteron, 205
cystoptertotdes, 225
Dalhousie, 194
davallioides, 222
decurtatum, 226
decipiens, 227
decorum, 223
decurrens, 239
decurrens, 484
decussatum, 235, 490
decussatum, 248
deflexum, 483.
delicatulum, 219
deltoideum, 237
densum, 197
dentatum, 196
denudatum, 483
deparioides, 226
Desvauxii, 236
dichotomum, 221
difforme, 207
dilatatum, 239, 245
dimidiatum, 209
dimorphum, 223
diplazioides, 240, 241
diplotion, 484
discolor, 208 ‘
dissimile, 489
distans, 199
dissectum, 214
divaricatum, 219
divergens, 215
diversifolium, 200, 239,
240
divisissimum, 242
Dombeyi, 228
Doreyi, 201
Douglasii, 247

INDEX,

ASPLENIUM (continued).

Dregeanum, 221
drepanophyllum, 226
drepanopteron, 228
dubium, 220, 236, 241
ebeneum, 198
ebenoides, 198
ebenum, 238
elatum, 233
elegans, 243
elegantulum, 217
elongatum, 201
emarginatum, 200
enatum, 205
ensiforme, 191
erectum, 202
erosum, 208
esculentum, 244
exiguum, 216
expansum, 241
extensum, 197
extensum, 234
Fabianum, 218
Fadyeni, 220 iy
falcatum, 206, 208, 382
faleatum, 20

fallax, 227

falx, 204

Feejeense, 192
Fernandesianum, 202
Serulacewm, 224
Filix-feemina, 227
fimbriatum, 229
Finlaysonianum, 245
Jjirmum, 208

firmum, 206

Jissum, 213
flabellatum, 205
Aabellifolium, 195
flaccidum, 222
Aavescens, 232
flexuosum, 208
flexuosum, 241
feecundum, 206
feeniculaceum, 216
foliolosum, 227
fontanum, 216
formosum, 210
fragile, 195

fragrans, 205
fragrans, 216
Franconis, 236
fraxineum, 382
fraxinifolium, 231
frondosum, 238
fuliginosum, 218
fumarioides, 470
furcatum, 221
Surcatum, 214
fuscopubescens, 242
Galeottii, 197, 222
Gardneri, 485
Gaudichaudianum, 214

a

ASPLENIUM (continued),
Gaudichaudu, 491
Gautieri, 193
gemmiferum, 207
germanicum, 212
Gheisbreghti, 492
Gibertianum, 219
Gilliestanum, 195
Glaziovii, 492
Glennict, 488
Goringianum, 227
gracile, 202, 228, 488
gracilescens, 242
grammitoides, 236
grammitoides, 491
grande, 489
grandifolium, 231
Grevillet, 191
Grifithianum, 1938
Griffithit, 239, 489
Gueinzianum, 486
gymnogrammoides, 227
Haenkeanum, 241
Hallii, 212
Hancei, 208
harpeodes, 202
hastatum, 205
Haussknechtit, 487
Hemionitis, 194
Hendersoni, 19
herbaceum, 219
herbaceum, 492
heterocarpum, 210
heterodon, 201
heterophlebium, 248
Heufileri, 196°
hians, 241
hirtum, 205
Hohenackeriamum, 225
Hookerianwm, 218
Hookerianum, 225
horridum, 211
imbricatum, 219
Imrayanum, 207
ineequale, 202
ineequilaterum, 233
incisum, 217
incisum, 228
induratum, 205
integerrimum, 200
integrifolium, 243
integrum, 193
wrregulare, 222
Jamesoni, 218
japonicum, 234
javanicum, 246
Jerdoni, 489

_ juglandifolium,
232, 284
Katzeri, 233
Klotzschit, 241
Kranssit, 195
Kunzei, 248

200,

ASPLENIUM (continued).
laciniatum, 211
Zetum, 210
lanceolatum, 217
lanceum, 229
laserpitiifolium, 215
lasiopteris, 235
latifolium, 228
latifolium, 239
laxum, 218, 228
Lechleri, 231
lepidum, 487
Linckii, 487
Lindbergii, 236
Lindeni, 218
lineatum, 202
Uneolatum, 243
Uvidum, 486
lobatum, 202
Lobbianum, 232
lobulatum, 486
lobulosum, 234
Loddigesii, 240
longicauda, 200
longifolium, 244
asp 199
longissimum, 199
loriforme, 191
lucidum, 207
lugubre, 454
tunulatum, 202
Lyallii, 207
macilentum. 208
Macraei, 202
macrocarpum, 227
macrophlebium, 495
macrophyllum, 485
macrophyllum, 209
macrosorum, 206
magellanicum, 213
Mairii, 213
Mannii, 221
marginatum, 246
marinum, 207
Martensi, 228
maximum, 239
medium, 225
melanochlamys, 239
melanocaulon, 240
Melleri, 195
membranaceum, 491
Menziesii, 497
Mertensianum, 218
Mettenii, 488
Meyenianum, 238
microphyllum, 491
micropteron, 488
Mildei, 491
Milnet, 484
molle, 228
monanthemum, 197
montanum, 213
montverdense, 220

INDEX.

ASPLENIUM (continued).
mucronatum, 212
multicaudatum, 489
multifidum, 224
multilineatum, 199
multisectum, 228
muricatum, 229
musefolium, 190
mutilum, 233
myriophyllum, 220
natalense, 485
neglectum, 490
neogranatense, 200
nervosum, 237
-Newmanii, 483
nicotianefolium, 490
Nidus, 190
nigricans, 483
nigripes, 227
nigripes, 248
nigritianum, 215
nigro-paleaceum, 240
niponicum, 227
nitens, 206
nitidum, 215
normale, 197
Nove-Caledonie, 223
obesum, 209
obligophyllum, 201
obliquum, 207
oblongatum, 484
obovatum, 217
obtusatum, 207
obtusifolium, 202
obtusilobum, 221
obtusum, 214
officinarum, 245
Oldhami, 235
opacum, 198
Otites, 210
Ottonis, 233
oxyphyllum, 228
pachyphyllum, 191
paleaceum, 208
pallidum, 230
paradoxum, 209
parallelogrammum, 231
parallelum, 486
parvulum, 193
Pearcet, 483 -
pectinatum, 228, 229
pekinense, 213
pellucidum, 205
persicifolium, 202
Peterseni, 235
petiolulatum, 486
Petrarche, 197, 486
Phyllidis, 197
pilosum, 197
pinnatifido-pinnatum,

231
pinnatifidum, 194
planicaule, 211

535

ASPLENIUM (continued).
plantagineum, 230
platybasis, 206
polyanthes, 492
polyphyllum, 218
polypodioides, 238
polyrhizon, 490
porrectum, 230
Powellii, 224
premorsum, 215
Prenticei, 208
Prescottianum, 233
Prionitis, 204
prionurus, 202
procerum, 489
projectum, 194
proliferum, 228, 233
prolongatum, 222
protensum, 211
pseudo-nitidum, 217
pteridoides, 488
pteropus, 202
pulchellum, 210
pulicosum, 240
pumilum, 212
punctatam, 195
puncticaule, 227
Purdieanum, 245
purpurascens, 486
pygmeum, 196
quitense, 196
rachirhizon, 205
radicans, 241
Rawsont, 487
reclinatum, 202
refractum, 216
remotum, 199
repandum, 482
repens, 219
resectum, 210
rhizophorum, 204
rhizophyllum, 220
rheticum, 228
rhoifolium, 232
rhomboideum, 195
Richardt, 222
Riedelianum, 489
rigidum, 208
Tiparium, 203
rivale, 244
robustum, 244
Roemerianum, 232
yutaceum, 220
rutefolium, 222
Ruta-muraria, 213
Ruta-muraria, 487
salicifolium, 200
salignum, 483
salignum, 199
sambucifolium, 232
Sampsoni, 223
Sanderson, 196
sandwichianum, 242

536

ASPLENIUM (continued).
ganguinolentum, 204
Saulit, 216
scandens, 224
scandicinum, 216, 228
scandicinum, 217
Schiedei, 233
Schimperi, 489
schizodon, 200
Schkuhrit, 491
Schkuhri, 235
scleropium, 207
scolopendrivides, 192
sechellarum, 491
Scelosiz, 198
Seemanni, 221
Seemannit, 231
semihastatum, 233
septentrionale,.198
sepulchrale, 213
serampurense, 244
Serpentini, 214
Serra, 206
serreeforme, 210
Serronii, 210
sessilifolium, 219
Shepherdi, 238
Shuttleworthianum, 218
Simonsianum, 191
simplicifrons, 193
sinuatum, 192
Skinneri, 226
Smithianum, 245
Solanderi, 491
solenopteris, 227
solidum, 214
sororium, 239
sorzogonense, 236
spathulinum, 215
speciosum, 235
spherocarpum, 277
spinescens, 488
spinulosum, 225
splendens, 487
Sprucet, 234
squamigerum, 237
squamosum, 218
squamulatum, 192
squamulosum, 229
stans, 222
stenocarpon, 204
stenocarpum, 244
stenophyllum, 191
stramineum, 228
striatum, 233, 236
strictum, 220 _,
subequilaterale, 486

, subavenium, 198
subhastatum, 193
subnudum, 236
subvudum, 488
subserratum, 230
subsinuatum, 229

INDEX.

ASPLENIUM (continued).
subtriangulare, 225
sumatranum, 199
sundense, 192
sylvaticum, 229
sylvaticum, 232
teeniosum, 191
tenellum, 202, 228
tenerrimum, 212
tenerrimum, 488
tenerum, 201
tenuifolium, 220
tenuifrons, 228
ternatum, 219
ternatum, 242
thelypteroides, 489 ©
thelypteroides, 226
Thunbergii, 223
Thwaitestt, 235
tomentosum, 234
tomentosum, 235
Triane, 232
Trichomanes, 196
trilobwm, 198
tripinnatum, 487
triphyllum, 219
Tussaci, 229
umbrosum, 241
umbrosum, 229
vagans, 195
variabile, 194
varians, 216
vastum, 241
Veitchianum, 223
venosum, 192
venulosum, 238
vestitum, 239
Vieillardu, 200
violascens, 202
ELIS 201
vurescens, 237
viride, 195
vitiense, 245
vitteforme, 192
viviparum, 223
vomeriforme, 206
vulcanicum, 201
Wagneri, 483
Wardit, 217
Welwitschtt, 285
Wichure, 233
Wightianwm, 199
Wilfordii, 487
Wilsoni, 242
woodwardioides, 229
Wrightit, 204
zamioides, 209
Zenkerianum, 484
zeylamicum, 230

'

ATHYRIUM, sce ASPLENIUM.

BaLANtTiuMm, see DIOKSONIA,

BATHMIUM, see ASPIDIUM.
BLECHNIDIUM, see BLECHNUM.
BLECHNOPSIS, se¢ BLECHNUM,

BLECHNUM.

acuminatum, 185
arcuatum, 185
asplemoides, 183
Atherstoni, 179
australe, 186
brasiliense, 184
campylotis, 185
cartilagineum, 184
contiguum, 181
corcovadense, 184
Deplanchei, 481
diversifolium, 181
Fendleri, 185
Finlaysonianum, 187
fraxineum, 185
gracile, 185
hastatum, 185
intermedium, 185
Kaulfussianum, 187
levigatum, 186
Lanceola, 183
Lechleri, 179
longifolium, 185
melanopus, 186
nitidum, 184
occidentale, 185
opacum, 176
orientale, 186
pectinatum, 185
plantagineum, 183
» polypodioides, 184
polystichoides, 188
remotum, 186
scandens, 187
schlimense, 185
seminudum, 376
serrulatum, 186
striatum, 186
triangulare, 184
trifoliatum, 183
unilaterale, 184
validum, 184
Vieillardii, 175
vittatum, 482
volubile, 187

’

BoLsitis, sce ACROSTICHUM.

BotrycHum.

anthemoides, 448
australe, 448
boreale, 447
brachystachys, 448
cicutarium, 448
erassinervium, 447
daucifolium, 448

BotrycHum (continued).
decompositum, 448
dissectum, 448
Kannenbergii, 447
lanceolatum, 447

“lanuginosum, 448
Lunaria, 447
lunarioides, 448
matricarizefolium, 447
matricarioides, 448
obliquum, 448
palmatum, 447
rutaceum, 447
rutefolium, 448
silaifolium, 447
simplex, 447
subbifoliatum, 448
subcarnosum, 448
ternatum, 448
virginianum, 448

Borryorreris, see HELMMIN-
THOSTACHYS.

BRACHYSORUS, sce ASPLE-
NIUM,

BRAINEA.
insignis, 390

CaLYMMODON, see PoLyYpo-
DIUM,

CAMPTERIA, see PTERIS.

CAMPTODIUM, sce NEPHRO-
DIUM.

CaMPTOsoRUS,
PENDRIUM.

see Scoro-

CAMPYLONEURON, see Pouy-
PODIUM.

CASSEBEERA.
gleichenioides, 143
petiolata, 143
pinnata, 142
triphylla, 142

CEPHALOMANES, sce TRICHO-
MANES, :

CERATODACTYLIS, see LLAREA.

CERATOPTERIS.

thalictroides, 174
CEROPTERIS, see GYMNO-
GRAMME.

CrersRacH, see ASPLENIUM
and GYMNOGRAMME.

INDEX.

CHFILANTHES,
alabamensis, 148
allosuroides, 137
andina, 134
angustifolia, 150
arabica, 134
argentea, 142
aspera, 148
aspidioides, 135
Atherstonii, 150
aurantiaca, 141
aurea, 476
Barkly, 151
Boivini, 475
Borsigiana, 474
brachypus, 371
Bradburii, 141
bullosa, 137
capensis, 132
candida, 374
cheiloglyphis, 140
chlorophylla, 133
chrysophylla, 142
chusana, 135
contigua, 476
contracta, 136
coriacea, 134
cornuta, 148
crenata, 48
cretacea, 374
eucullans, 135
cuneata, 150
Dathousie, 137
dealbata, 142
deltoidea, 146
dichotoma, 133
divaricatissima, 163
Eatoni, 140
elegans, 140
elongata, 135 —
Sarimosa, 142
fasciculata, 134
Féei, 139
Fendleri, 139
fimbriata, 139
flexuosa, 476
fragilis, 135
fragrans, 134
Fraseri, 514
frigida, 141
Gardneri, 131
glandulifera, 383
glandulosa, 136
glandulosa, 475
glauca, 151
gracilis, 139
gracillima, 139
hirta, 136
hispanica, 136
incisa, 133
induta, 138
intermedia, 136
Kirkit, 132

3 yY

537

CHEILANTHES (continued),
Kuhnii, 476
lanosa, 135, 139
lanuginosa, 139
laxa, 136
lendigera, 141
leucopoda, 136
Lidgatii, 475
Lindheimeri, 140
Lindigii, 475
Mac-Leanii, 135
maderensis, 134
malaccensis, 137
marginata, 151
-marsupianthes, 140
Matthewsii, 134
mexicana, 141, 142
micromera, 135
microphylla, 135
micropteris, 134
minor, 141
monticola, 131
Moritziana, 135
multifida, 138
myriophylla, 140
mysurensis, 135
nitidula, 149
obducta, 515
obtusata, 135
ochracea, 141
odora, 134
olivacea, 136
paleacea, 140
parviloba, 136
paupercula, 132
pedata, 132
persica, 139
pilosa, 135
Preissiana, 137
profusa, 148
propinqua, 475
pruinata, 134
pteroides, 131
pubescens, 135, 150
pulchella, 134

pulveracea, 373

pygmea, 135

pyramidalis, 151

radiata, 132

Radula, 130

Regnelliana, 138

regularis, 131

rufa, 140

rufa, 141

scabra, 130

scariosa, 140

Schimperi, 133

Seemanni, 133

Sellowiana, 515

setigera, 284

Steberi, 137

speciosissima, 141

squamosa, 371

~ §38

CHEILANTHES (continued).
suaveolens, 1384
subvillosa, 187
Szoviteii, 139
tenuifolia, 188
tenuis, 136
Thwaitesii, 475
tomentosa, 140
tomentosa, 140, 141
Tweediana, 135
varians, 186
vestita, 134
vestita, 139
viscosa, 136
Welwitschii, 142
Wrightit, 138

CHEILOPLECTON, see PELLEZa,
CHETROGLOSSA, sce OPHIO-

GLOSSUM.

CHEIROPLEURIA, see AORO-

STICHUM.

CHNOOPHORA, see ALSOPHILA.
CHRYSODIUM, sce ACROSTI-

‘CHUM.
Crpotium, see DIOKSONTA.

CINCINALIS, 8¢¢
OHLENA,

Cronipium, see DEPania.

CNEMIDARIA, see HEMITELIA,

Cocaiipium, see Mowno-
GRAMME.
Ca@LoprEris, sce Ponyro-
IMUM. -

C@NOPTERIS, see ASPLENIUM.

CoLysis, see PoLYPoDIUM.

CoNnIOGRAMME, see GYMNO-

GRAMME,

CoPproPHYLLUM, see ANEMIA.
CRASPEDARIA, seé POLYPO-

DIUM.

CRASPEDONEURON, see TRI-

CHOMANES.

CREPIDOMANES, sce TRIOHO-

MANES,

ORYPSINUS, see PoLYPoODIUM.

_ CRYPTOGRAMME,
acrostichoides, 144
Brunoniana, 144
crispa, 144

CRYPTOSORUS, see PoLypo-

DIUM.

NotHo-

INDEX.

CusPipaRia, sce TANITIB.

CYATHEA.
afinis, 27
affinis, 452, 458
albifrons, 453
aneitensis, 26
angolensis, 22
arachnoidea, 24
arborea, 16
arborea, 24
assimilis, 24
aurea, 451
balanocarpa, 17
barbata, 451
Beyrichiana, 455
bicrenata, 35
boconensis, 452
Bowini, 452
Bourgei, 17
Brackenridgei, 452
Brunonis, 16
Burkei, 21 —
calua, 19
camerooniana, 21
canaliculata, 23
caracasana, 34
castanea, 451
erenulata, 23
Cumingit, 453
Cunningham), 25
cuspidata, 17
dealbata, 26
decrescens, 452
Delgadii, 19
denudans, 20
divergens, 18
Dréget, 21
ebenina, 20
elegans, 16
equestris, 19
excelsa, 22
excelsa, 23
extensa, 27
frondosa, 18
funebris, 450
_Surfuracea, 450
Gardneri, 20
gracilis, 18
Grevilleana, 16
hexagona, 20
hirtula, 19
Hookeri, 16
hymenodes, 24
Imrayana, 17
incana, 18
ineisocrenata, 452
insignis, 17
integra, 23
interjecta, 453
javanica, 23
Kirkti, 22
Korthalsii, 25

CyaTHEA (continued).
latifolia, 23
Lenormandi, 454
leucolepis, 26
Lindeniana, 20
Lindsayana, 25
Lobbiana, 24
Manniana, 21
marattioides, 452
medullaris, 25
meridensis, 450
Mertensiana, 41
Metienti, 18
mexicana, 20
microphylla, 21
Milnei, 26
minor, 16
Mooret, 453
muricata, 450
muricata, 451
nigrescens, 33
nigricans, 26
orientalis, 24
pallida, 16, 24
patens, 451
petiolata, 23
pilosa, 19
portoricensis, 451
princeps, 17
propinqua, 452
pubescens, 450
quinducensis, 450
sarawakensis, 23
Schanschin, 19
sclerolepis, 453
sechellarum, 22
Sellowiana, 32
Serra, 17
sinuata, 16
societarum, 458
speciosa, 28
spinulosa, 23
Sprucet, 20
squamipes, 18
straminea, 451
superfasa, 20
tenera, 450
Tussacit, 17
vestita, 19
Vieillardti, 27
villosa, 35
Welwitschit, 21

CrcLopIvm, sce ASPIDIUM.

CYCLOPELTIS, see ASPIDIUL,

CYRTOMIPHLIBIUM, see PoLY-
PODIUM.

CyRToMIUM, see ASPIDIUM.

CYSTOPTERIS,

alpina, 108
atomaria, 108

CrsToprEris (continued).

montana, 104
sandwicensis, 103
setosa, {63
spinulosa, 225
squammata, 92
sudetica, 103
tasmanica, 103
tristis, i

Dayza.
alata, 448
August, 143

. erispa, 525

cuspidata, 444
dubia, 444
elliptica, 444
geniculata, 444
humilis, 443
Leprieurii, 443
longifolia, 444
Moritziana, 443
nodosa, 444
paleacea, 444
Sellowiana, 444
simplicifolia, 442
stenophylla, 443
trichomanoides, 442
trifoliata, 442
Wendlandi, 526

Danopsis, see Dan Es.
Darama, see ASPLENIUM.

DavaLtia.
achilleifolia, 412
aculenter, 102
adiantcides, 62
emula, 467
afints, 92
alata, 94
alpina, 89
amboynensis, 470
Andersoni, 187
angustata, 88
assamica, 467
Belangeri, 89
bifida, 101
bipinnatifida, 90
Blumeana, 93
Blumei, 468
borneensis, 274
Boryana, 93

botrychioides, 90, 467

brachycarpa, 470

brachypoda, 468

INDEX.

DaVALLIA (continued).
bullata, 97
calobodon, 470
calvescens, 93
campyleura, 99
canariensis, 97
caudata, 95
eaudigera, 99
cherophylla, 92
cheerophylloides, 97
chinensis, 102
ciltata, 98
Clarkei, 91
elavata, 102
concinna, 100
coniifolia, 96
contigua, 94
corniculata, 96
Cumingii, 90
decurrens, 95
Denhami, 100
dissecta, 469
divaricata, 96
divergens, 470
dubia, 468
elata, 95
elegans, 95
elegans, 97
Emersoni, 94
epiphylla, 96
exserta, 470
falcinella, 91
fallax, 502
ferruginen., 402
Serulacea, 22
Jijiensis, 97
firma, 100
flaccida, 96
Seniculacea, 101
Forsteri, 470
fumarioides, 102
Gaimardiana, &9
gibberosa, 100
Glaziovii, 101
Goudotiana, 101

hemiptera, 93
heterophylla, 88
hirsuta, 98

hirta, 100

hispida, 91
Hookeri, 91
Hookeriana, 97
hymenophylia, 90
hymenophylloides, 92
hymenophylloides, 93
immersa, 91
Imrayana, 90}
inequalis; 99
jamaicensis, 100
Khasyana, 99
Kunzeana, 111

539

DavaLiiy (continued).

Lapeyrousii, 106
Lenormandi, 471
leptocarpa, 469
Lindeni, 100
Lindleyi, 95
Lobbiana, 94 '
lonchitidea, 99
longula, 89
Lorrainei, 469
luzonica, 98
Macleayi, 469
madagascariensis, 100
majuscula, 99
Mannii, 471
marginalis, 98
mauritiana, 96
meifolia, 470
Melleri, 102
membranulosa, 91
micans, 468
moluccana, 99
moluccana, 470
Mooreana, 469

Nove-Zelandie, 91
ornata, 95
pallida, 469
papillosa, 100
parallela, 89
Parishii, 90
Parkeri, 93
parvula, 92
patens, 96
pectinata, $9
pectinata, 468
89°

pentaphylla, 94
Pickeringii, 93
pilosella, 98
pinnata, 98
platyphylla, 99
polyantha, 96
polypodioides, S?, 99,
100
Preslii, 94
proxima, 99
pulchella, 93
pulchra, 91, 92
pusilla, 89
pycnocarpa, 94
pyxzidata, 96

rhomboidea, 98, 99
rigida, 467
Saccolomn, 97
scaberula, 100

540

DAVALLIA (continued),
scabra, 98
Schimperi, 100 ‘
schizophylla, 468
Schlechtendahli, 103
scoparia, 101

.» Seemanni, 470
serrata, 89, 98
sessilifolia, 89
setosa, 468
solida, 95
Spelunce, 100
Sprucei, 470
stenomera, 95
stolonifera, 468
strigosa, 98
tenuifolia, 93
tenutfolia, 102
thecifera, 100
Thomsoni, 91
Thwaitesii, 99
trichomanoides, 92, 468
trichomanoides, 95
trichosticha, 100, 470
triphylla, 94
triquetra, 93
Tyermanni, 467
uncinella, 102
urophylla, 99
vestita, 90
villosa, 98
viscidula, 467
Vogelii, 95
Wilfordii, 98

DAVALLIOPSIS, sce TricHo-
MANES,

DEPARIA.

- concinna, 55
Macrai, 55
Matthewsii, 55
Moorei, 55
nephrodioides, 463
producta, 463
prolifera, 55

DIAcALPE.
aspidioides, 45
madagascariensis, 45
pseudo-ccenopteris, 45

DIBLEMMA, see PouyPopiIum,

DICKSONIA.
abrupta, 52
adiantoides, 52
antarctica, 50
anthriscifolia, 53
apitfolia, 58
apiifolia, 255
appendiculata, 54

INDEX.

Dicksonta (continued).
arborescens, 50
assamica, 49
Barometz, 49
Berteroana, 51
Berteroana, 462

_Blumei, 50

” Brackenridgei, 462
Browniana, 468
Chamissoi, 50
chrysotricha, 50
chrysotricha, 51
cicutaria, 53
conitfolia, 51
consanguirea, 52
cornuta, 53
Culcita, 51
cuneata, 462
davallioides, 54
deltoidea, 54
Deplanchet, 462 ~
dissecta, 52, 538

. -Dorbignyana, 462
dubia, 468
Elwesti, 54
erosa, 52
fibrosa, 461
flaccida, 53
gigantea, 461
glauca, 49
gléuca, 49
glaucescens, 49 .
guatemalensis, 461
Henriette, 462
incisa, 462
intermedia, 461
Karsteniana, 461
levis, 461
lanata, 461
Lindeni, 52
macrosora, 462
magnifica, 50
Martiana, 51
Menziesii, 49
moluccana, 58
nitidula, 54
obtusa, 52
obtusifolia, 52
ordinata, 53
Pavoni, 54
pilosiuscula, 54
Plumieri, 52
pruinata, 460
punetiloba, 64
regalis, 461
rubiginosa, 53
samocnsis, 462
scabra, 54
scandens, 53
Schiedei,

, Selowiana, 51
Smithii, 54
sorbifolia, 52

Dicksonta (continued).
spectabilis, 460 :
Spruceana, 461
Sprucei, 52
squarrosa, 51
straminea, 52
strigosa, 54
tenera, 53
thyrsopteroides, 462
Torreyana, 52
Wendlandi, 460
Youngie, 461 :
Zippeliana, 53

DictipoPreris, see Mono-
GRAMME,

Diciosopon,
DIUM.

DictTyMiA, see POLYPODIUM.

DICTYOGRAMME, sce GYMNO-
GRAMME,

DicorroPTeris, sce Potyro-
DIUM. * :

see NEPHRO-

DictTYoxIPHIuM,

panamense, 1138
simplex, 113

DIDYMOCHLANS.

lunulata, 248
polycarpa, 248

Dipymociossum, see Hymn-
NOPHYLLUM,

Diexxia, sce LINDSAYA.

DIGRAMMARIA, see ASPLE-
NIuM and GYMNOGRAMME,

D1pLaziuM, see ASPLENIUM.

DIPLORA.
integrifolia, 492

Dipreris, see PoLyPopDIuM.
Discostecis, see MAnRartia.

Doopta.
aspera, 189
blechnoides, 189
Brackenridgei, 482
caudata, 190
connexa, 190
dives, 189
duriuscula, 482.
Kunthiana, 482
linearis, 190
media, 190

Milnei, 482
Moorei, 482

ut

Dogyropteris, see PreRis.

DRYMOGLOSSTM.
carnosum, 353, 307
piloselloides, 398
rigidum, 398
subcordatum, 397

DBYOMENTIS, see ASPIDIUM.

DREYOPTEBIS, oe NEPHRO- |
DIUM.

DryostacHyuM, see Poty-

PODIUM.
&

EGENOLFIA, see ACROSTI-
CHUM.

ExaPHOGLOSSUM, sce ACRO-
STICHUM.

ERIOSORTS,
GRAMME.

Evropium, see Manarita.

see_ GYMNO-

FapYEnIa.

prolifera, 303

Ferra, see TRICHOMANES.

GaLEOGLOsss, sce PoLYpPo-
DIUM.

GISOPTERIS, see LYGODIUM.

GLAPHYROPTERIS, see PoLY-
PODIUM.

GLEICHENIA.
acutifolia, 15
alpina, 12
alternans, 15
arachnoides, 12
Bancroftii, 12
Beyrichiana, 449
Bibree, 449
bifarcata, 14
Boryi, 12 =
bracteata, 14
bullata, 12
cinnamomea, 449
circinnata, 11
crassifolia, 15
cryptocarpa, 13
Cunninghami, 13
dicarpa, 12
dichotoma, 15
emarginata, 15
excelsa, 12
farinosa, 14
ferruginea, 15
flabellata, 12
flagelaris, 14

areata, Id

INDEX.

GLEICHESIA (continucd).
gigantea, 12
oebrs, 12
glauca, Sw., 11
glauca, Hk., 12

hecistophylla, 12
Hermanni, 15
hirta, 14
immersa, 14
Klotzschii, 15
levigata, 14
late, 449
longipinnata, 14
longissima, 12
Maitthewsii, 14
microphylla, 11
Milnes, 449
moniliformis, 11
neglecta, 449
nervosa, 119
Norristi, 449
oceanica, £49
owhyhensis, 14
pallescens, 149
pectinata, 15
pedalis, 13
pinnata, 12
plumeformis, 14
polypodioides, 11
pruinata, 13
pteridifolia, 15
pubescens, 13
quadripartita, 13
revoluta, 13
revoluta, 15
rubiginosa, 449
rufinervis, 15
rupestris, 12
Semivestita, 11
simplex, 13
Spelunce, 11
subflabellata, 13
tenera, 12
tomentosa, 14
umbraculifera, 13
vestita, 14
vuleanica, 12

GLYPHOTZNIUM, see POLYPo-
DIUM.

GONIOPHLEBIUM, see PoLyPo-
DIUM,

GoNIOPTERIS, seé PoLyPo-
DIUM.

GRAMMATOSORUS, see NE-
PHRODIUM.

Ggawuitis, see PoLYPODIUM
and GYMNOGRAMME,

541

GRANULINA, s¢e ACROSTI-
CHUM.

GYMNOGRAMME,
abyssinica, 517
adiantoides, 385
alismefolia, 336
ambigua, 378
Andersoni, 380
angustifrons, 380
arge
arg

Ascensionis, 383

aspidioides, 378

asplenicides, 376

asplenioides, 378

aureo-nitens, 382
aurita, 377
avenia, 388
Biardii, 516
borneensis, 386
Boucheana, 335
Brackenridgei, 335
calomelanos, 385
caracasana, 516
cartilagidens, 386
caudiformis, 389
cherophylla, 333
cheilanthoides, 382
chrysophylla, 385
consimilis, 377
conspersa, 385
cordata, 379
cordata, 351
dealbata, 38£
decipiens, 381
decomposita, 517
decurrens, 389
decurrenti-alata, 377
diplazioides, 377
eliptica, 389
elongata, 380, 386
extensa, 516
farinosa, 385,

Fa, 39

flavens, 374
flexuosa, 384
Gardneri, 515
glandulosa, 516
gracilis, 377

307
guianensis, 385
Hamiltoniana, 389
Haughtoni, 381
heterocarpa, 389
hirsutula, 3800 *
hirta, 384
hispanica, 379
hispida, 516
hispidula, 384

542

GYMNOGRAMME (continued).

Hookeri, 381
incisa, 380
insignis, 516
intermedia, 385
involuta, 387
Jamesoni, 516
japonica, 390
javanica; 381
javanica, 382
Karstenti, 380
lanata, 381
lanceolata, 887 -
laserpitiifolia, 384

. Lechleri, 516
leptophylla, 383

~L’Herminieri, 385
Linidigit, 381
Linkiana, 377
Lobbiana, 386
Lowei, 376
macrophylla, 388
Maingayi, 517
margimata, 378
Martensii, 385
Massoni, 385
Matthewsit, 382
membranacea, 383
mexicana, 387
microphylla, 883
microphylla, 384
mohriceformis, 380
Muelleri, 379
myriophylla, 383
obtusata, 378
obtusifolia, 386
ochracea, 384
opaca, 378
Orbignyana, 517
ornithopteris, 385
Oittonis, 381
spalmata, 889
papaverifolia, 879
Pearcei, 384
pedata, 383
pedunculata, 389
peruviana, 386
yilosa, 876
pilosa, 382
pinnata, 890
podophylia, 390 +
polypodioides, 377
Pozot, 879
prehensibilis, 517
procurrens, 515
pulchella, 385
pumila, 879
quinata, 887
regularis, 388
reniformis, 378
retrofracta, 384
rosea, 385
rufa, 379

e

INDEX,

GymnocRamME (continued).
rupestris, 377
rutzfolia, 379]
Salvinii, 387
scandens, 516
Schomburgkiana, 382
Sellowiana, 515
serra, 382
serrulata, 382
spuria, 388
Steltzneri, 385
subsimilis, 313
subtrifoliata, 390
sulphurea, 385
tartarea, 384
Thiebautii, 385
tomentosa, 380
Totta, 376
triangularis, 384
trifoliata, 884
vestita, 379
villosa, 376
vitteformis, 386
Wallichii, 386
Wallichiana, 387
Warcewicati, 382
Wettenhalliana, 385
Wrightii, 388

GYMNOPTERIS, see ACROSTI-
CHUM.

GYMNOSPHERA,
PHILA.

GYMNOTHEOA, see MARATTIA.

Gynosoriuu, Potrro-
DIUM.

see ALSO-

see
Hasropictyon, see TRIOCHO-

MANES.

HAPLoDICTyUM, sce NEPHRO-
DIUM.

HECISTOPTERIS, see GYMNO-

GRAMME.
ALELMINTHOSTAOHYS.

dulcis, 447
~ geylanica,-447

HeEmeEstHtum, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.
HEMICARDIUM, see ASPIDIUM.

HEMIpIoTy um,
NIUM,

see ASPLE-

HEmMIoNITIS.
arifolia, 398
citrifolia, 399
cordata, 898
Grifithii, 399

hederefolia, 398

HEMIONITIS (continued).
lanceolata, 398
palmate, 398
pinnata, 309.
_pimnatifida, 399
Pozoi, 379
Wilfordii, 399
Zollingeri, 518

HeEmMIPHLEnium, sce TRIdHO-
MANES.

HEMITELIA,

alternans, 41
andima, 455
apiculata, 29
bella, 29
calolepis, 29
capensis, 29
cordata, 452
costaricensis, 455
crenulata, 41
decipiens, 455
denticulata, 31
Durvillei, 455
grandifolia, 28
guianensis, 30.
Hookeri, 28
horvidd, 28
Hostmanni, 30
Imrayana, 28
integrifolia, 28
javanica, 31
Junghuniana, 31
Karsteniana, 27
Klotaschii, 454
Kohautiana, 28
latebrosa, 43
Lindeni, 29
Lindigti, 454
macrocarpa, 30
Melleri, 456
Moorei, 455
Moricandiana, 30
multiflora, 30
nigricans, 454
obscura, 454
obtusa, 28
Parkeri, 30
petiolata, 28
platylepis, 29
riparia, 29
vufescens, 454
servitensis, 30
setosa, 455
Smithii, 31
speciosa, 28
subincisa, 27
tahitensis, 455
tripinnata, 31
venosa, 454

Watkerc, 30
Witsont, 30

Heteropav@a, see Danza.

HETEROGONIUM, see GYMNO-
GRAMME.

HETEROPHLEBIUM, see PTERIS.
HEwaRDIA, sce ADIANTUM.
HoncocaLana, see PELLEA.

Hotcosorus, see PoLyPo-

DIUM.
Homata, see DAVALLIA.

Hyprogiossum, see Lyeo-
DIUM,

HyYMENocystTiIs, see Woon-
SIA,

Hymenopium, see AcRosti-
CHUM.

HyYMENocLossuM, see HyMe-
NOPHYLLUM.

HYMENOPHYLLUM.
abruptum, 57
acanthoides, 71
aculeatum, 70, 71
zequabile, 66
eruginosum, 64
affine, 67, 69
amcenum, 59
andinum, 60
angustum, 63
antarcticum, 67
apicale, 58
apterum, 63
asperulum, 67
asplenioides, 57
asterothrix, 66
atrovirens, 60
attenuatum, 70
axillare, 58
badium, 60
barbatum, 68
Berteroi, 64
Beyrichianum, 65
Bibraianum, 70
bivalve, 69
blepharodes, 70
Blumeanum, 60
borneense, 62
Boryanum, 63
Braunii, 71
brevifrons, 57

' Bridgesiz, 70
capillaceum, 58
Catherine, 67
caudatum, 61
caudiculatum, 61
Cheesmanni, 464
chiloense, 63
ciliatum, 63
commutatum, 63

INDEX.

HYMENOPHYLLUM (cont.).
corticola, 76
crispatum, 60, 463
crispum, 59
cristatum, 70
cruentum, 56
Crugeri, 66
cubense, 66
cupressiforme, 67
dedaleum, 60
Darwinii, 58
demissum, 61
dentatum, 70
denticulatum, 71
dichotomum, 70
dicranotrichum, 63
dilatatum, 62, 463
dimidiatum, 67
divaricatum, 65
Dregeanum, 67
elasticum, 64
elegans, 66
elegantulum, 66
emarginatum, 463
emersum, 57
eriophorum, 66
erosum, 61
exiguum, 464
eximium, 62
exsertum, 58
falklandicum, 68
feejeense, 69
fimbriatum, 60
Jjlabellatum, 61
flabellatum, 76
flaccidum, 69
flaccidum, 464
flexuosum, 60
formosum, 62
Francavillei, 61
Franklinianum, 64
Suciforme, 62
Fucoides, 69
glanduliferum, 62
gracile, 58
gratum, 67
Gunnii, 463
hirsutum, 68
hirtellum, 64
holochilum, 69
Hookeri, 61
hygrometricum, 64
imbricatum, 58
ineequale, 68
interruptum, 65
Jamesont, 68
japonicum, 45]
javanicum, 60
Junghuhbnii, 62
Karstenianum, 66
khasianum, 464
lanceolatum, 64
latifrons, 68

543

HYMENOPHYLLUM (cont.),

LD’ Herminieri, 463
Lindeni, 65
Lindigii, 65
lineare, 66
Lyallii, 77
macroglossum, 58
magellanicum, 70
Malingii, 66
Mannianum, 69
marginatun, 57
megachilum, 67
Menziesii, 67
Mettenii, 67
Meyeri, 67
micranthum, 60
microcarpum, 65
microphyllum, 463
méicrosorum, 59
minimum, 464
mniotdes, 57
Moorei, 464
Moritzianum, 66
multifidum, 69
myriocarpum, 59
natalense, 58
Neesii, 71
nitens, 61
obtuswm, 63
Orbignyanum, 65
organense, 65
parvifolium, 56
pastoense, 67
pectinatum, 68
pedicellatum, 70
peltatum, 67
pendulum, 66
peruvianum, 70
platylobum, 65
Plumieri, 63
plumosum, 66
polyanthos, 60
Preslii, 69
procerum, 66
productum, 61
protrusum, 60, 67
pteropodum, 65
pulchellum, 67
pulcherrimum, 62
pumilum, 464
pyriforme, 69
Raddianum, 63
rarum, 518
recurvum, 61
Reinwardtii, 61
remotum, 63
reniforme, 59
Ruizianum, 65
rupestre, 81
sabinefolium, 71.
scabrum, 61
Schiedianum, 63
secundum, 68

544

HYMENOPHYLLUM (cont.),
semibivalve, 58
sericeum, 66
Serra, 68
serrulatum, 69
seselifolium, 70
Simonsianum, 68
Smithii, 69
speciosum, 66
spectabile, 65
spinulosum, 70
splendidum, 63
Sprucei, 65
subtilissimum, 64
gurinamense, 63
tabulare, 58
tasmanicum, 60
tenellum, 57
tenerrimum, 68
tomentosum, 66
torquescens, 70
tortuosum, 70
trapezoidale, 63
triangulare, 69
trichophyllum, 66
trifidum, 66
Tunbridgense, 67
undulatum, 59
unilaterale, 67
valvatum, 65
venustum, 63
vestitum, 63
villosum, 60
Wilsoni, 67
Wrightii, 58
zeelandicum, 67
Zollingerianum, 62

HYMENOSTACHYS, see TRI-

CHOMANES.

HYPOCHLAMYS, see ASPLE-
NIDM.

HYPoDEMATIUM, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

HYPODERRIS,

adnata, 460
Browntt, 46
marginalis, 460
Seemanni, 460

HYPoLeris,
alpina, 129
amaurorachis, 129
anthriscifolia, 129
aspera, 129
Bergiana, 130
californica, 131
capensis, 132
dicksonioides, 129
distans, 129
elata, 129

INDEX.

HyYpoueris (continued),
Gardneri, 131
hostilis, 130
inermis, 129
javanica, 129
millefolium, 130
nigrescens, 129
pallida, 129
parallelogramma, 180
paupercula, 132
pedata, 132
polypodioides, 162
pteridioides, 129, 162
Purdieana, 130
radiata, 132
repens, 129
resinifera, 129 |
resistens, 129
rudis, 129
rugulosa, 163
serrata, 133
setigera, 129
spectabilis, 133
stenophylla, 129
tenuifolia, 129

Isozoma, sce LINDSAYA,

J AMESONIA,
adnata, 825
angustifrons, 380
canescens, 369
hispidula, 384
imbricata, 369
Pearcei, 514
rotundifolia, 370
scalaris, 370
verticalis, 369

JENKINSIA, see ACROSTICHUM.

KAvLFUSSIA,
esculifolia, 444

assamica, 444
Lacoste, sce TRICHOMANES.
LastREA, see NEPHRODIUM.

Lecoanium, sce TRICHO-
MANES,

Lecanorreris, see Poiypo-
DIUM.

Liprcystis, sce PoLYPoDIUM.

LEPTOCHILUS, see ACROSTI-
CHUM,

LUprocionium, sce HYMENo-
PHYLLUM,

LEPTOGRAMME, sce GyMNo-
GRAMME,

LEPTOPLEURIA, Dicx-

SONIA.

see

LEPTOPTERIS, see TODEA.
Leucostueta, see DAVALLIA.

LINDSAYA.

acutifolia, 110
adiantoides, 104
Agatii, 112
alutacea, 110
areuata, 167
borneensis, 107
botrychioides, 105
calomelanos, 106
Catherine, 106
caudata, 107
concinna, 105
cordata, 111
crenulata, 452
cultrata, 105
cuneata, 112
cuneifolia, 110
davallioides, 111
divergens, 109
dubia, 105
elegans, 108
elongata, 110
ensifolia, 112
erecta, 113
falcata, 113 .
falcata, 107
faleiformis, 104
_ filiformis, 106
jflabellulata, 107
flabellulata, 105
Fraseri, 112
Gardneri, 107
gigantea, 107
gracilis, 105
Griffithiana, 112
Gueriniana, 111
guianensis, 107
heterophylla, 112
horizontinalis, 107
humilis, 104
intermedia, 111
japonica, 105
-Kirkii, 108
Klotzschiana, 107
Lancea, 107
lanceolata, 112
lanuginosa, 109
Lapeyrousit, 106
laxa, 107
Leprieurii, 107
Lessonii, 110
L’Herminieri, 107
linearis, 104
lobata, 111
Lobbiana, 105
Macyillivrayt, 109

Linpsava (continued).
macrophylla, 112
malabarica, 471
media, 111
Michleriana, 118
microphylla, 110
multifrondulosa, 452
nervosa, 471
vitens, 111
oblongifolia, 106
obtusa, 111
orbiculata, 107
ovata, 105
Parishii, 109
parvula, 471
pectinata, 106
pendula, 108
pentapbylla, 112
Pervillei, 108
propinqua, 111
pumila, 112
quadrangularis, 107
recurvata, 111
reniformis, 109
retusa, 110
rigida, 108
sagittata, 109
scandens, 106
scoparia, 101
Seemannit, 105
Seemanni, 471
Spruceana, 108
Sprucei, 470
stolonifera, 468
striata, 107
stricta, 108
tenera, 107
tenuifolia, 93
tenuis, 106
Thwaitesii, 471
trapeziformis, 104, 107
trichomanoides, 110
triquetra, 93
venusta, 471
Vietllardi, 471
virescens, 106
Walkere, 109

LitoBrocuia, see PrEnis.

LLAVEA,
cordifolia, 144

LoMAGRAMME, see ACROSTI-
CHUM.

Lomantia.
acuminata, 481
acuta, 180
adnata, 182
alpina, 178
andina, 482

INDEX.

Lomarta (continued),
articulata, 183
aspera, 177
attenuata, 176
auriculata, 481
Banksii, 178
biserrata, 182
blechnoides, 177
Boryana, 179
campylotis, 185
capensis, 179
caudata, 179
chilensis, 179
ciliata, 175
Colensoi, 174
costaricensis, 482
crenulata, 180
Cumingiana, 174
cuspidata, 180
daneacea, 179
Deplanchei, 481
discolor, 175
divergens, 176
diversifolia, 181
dura, 177
elongata, 174
emarginata, 177
euphlebia, 183
Vialhoi, 182
Jiliformis, 180
flwwiatilis, 181
fraseri, 182
Germainii, 180
Gheisbreghtii, 481
gidba, 175
gigantea, 176
Gilliesii, 179
glauca, 182
LY Herminieri, 176
lanceolata, 177
Lenormandi, 181
longifolia, 179
magellanica, 180
membranacea, 181
natalensis, 481
nigra, 181
niponica, 178
nuda, 481
obtusata, 178
onoctleoides, 178
opaca, 176
ornifolia, 179
Patersoni, 174
Pennamarina, 178
pilosa, 176
Plumieri, 176
procera, 179
pteropus, 176
pumila, 178
punctata, 174
punctulata, 179
pycnophylia, 183
rigida, 177

3%

545

LosArta (continued).
robusta, 180
semicordata, 182
spectabilis, 179
Spicant, 178
squaniulosa, 179
tabularis, 180
tenuifolia, 413
tuberculata, 179
vestita, 179
Vieillardii, 175
volubilis, 182
vulcanica, 176

LoMARIDIUM, see LOMARIA.

Loncairis.

aurita, 128
Ghiesbreghtii, 168
glabra, 128

‘hirsuta, 160
Lindeniana, 128
madagascariensis, 128
natalensis, 128
occidentaks, 128
pubescens, 128

LOPHIDIUM, sce SCHIZHA,
LoPHoLEPis, see POLYPODIUM.
LoPHosorvts, see ALSOPHILA.

LOBINSERIA, see Woop-
WARDIA,

LotzEa, see ASPLENIUM.
Loxoscaput, see DAVALLIA,

Loxsoma.
Cunninghami, 56

Lyeopium.

acuminatum, 488
articulatum, 437
auriculatum, 437
Boivin, 525
eircinatum, 437
dichotomum, 437
digitatum, 437
expansum, 438
Finlaysonianum, 439
flexuosum, 437, 438
Forsteri, 439
hastatum, 438
heterodoxum, 439
hirsutum, 438
hirtum, 438
japonicum, 439
Kerstenii, 525
lanceolatum, 439
Lindeni, 439
longifolium, 438

546

LyGopium (continued).
lucens, 438
madagascariense, 439
mexicanum, 438
micans, 488
microphyllum, 438
palmatum, 436
pedatum, 437
pinnatifidwn, 438
Peppiganum, 438
polycarpum, 439
polymorphum, 438
polystachyum, 438
puberculum, 438
pubescens, 438
reticulatum, 439
salicifolium, 438
scandens, 437
scandens, 438, 439
Schkuhri, 489
semibipinnatum, 438
semihastatum, 437
Smithianum, 438
spectabile, 439
subalatum, 488
surinamense, 438
tenue, 439
trifurcatum, 437
venustum, 488
volubile, 438
Wrightii, 438

MACROPLETHUS, see AOcRO-
STICHUM.

MaRattTia,

alata, 442
arguta, 525
Ascensionis, 441
attenuata, 441
cicutefolia, 441
cicutefolia, 441
Douglasii, 441
Dregeana, 440
elegans, 440
fraxinea, 440
fraxinea, 441
Kaulfussii, 442
levis, 442

taxa, 441
macrophylla, 441
natalensis, 446
obtusidens, 441
pellucida, 441
podolepis, 441
polyodon, 441
purpurascens, 441
Raddiana, 441
salicifolia, 440
salicina, 440
sambucina, 441
sorbifolia, 440

INDEX.

Marattia (continued).
sylvatica, 441
Verachaffeltiana, 441
weinmannixfolia, 442

Maronta.
pectinata, 45

MEcosorvs, see GLEICHENIA,

MELANOPTERIS, se¢ ASPI-

DIUM.

MENIscIUM.
angustifoliwm, 391
Cumingii, 322
cuspidatum, 392
deltigerum, 420
giganteum, 391
Kapplerianum, 392
macrophyllum, 392
molle, 392
palustre, 392
Parishii, 392
pauciflorum, 391
reticulatum, 392
salicifolium, 391
Sserratum, 392
simplex, 390.
sorbifolium, 392
Thwaitesii, 391
triphyllum, 391*
villosum, 392

MERTENSIA, see GLEIOHENIA,

MrsocHLana, Divy-
MOOHLANA.

See

Meraxya, see CYATHEA,

Miocroconrum, see TRIOHO-
MANES.

Micr0GRAMME, see PoLyPo-
DIUM,

MIcROLEPIA, see DAVALLIA,

Micropopium, see ASPLE-
NiIuM and SCOLOPENDRIUM.

Microsorium, see NEPHRO-
DiIuM and PoLYPODIUM,

MIog0sTAPHYLA, see AcRO-
STICHUM.

Moagaia.
achillesfolia, 436
caffrorum, 436
thurifragra, 486

Monacnosorum, see Poty-
PODIUM,

MoNnoGRAMME.

angustissima, 375
darececarpa, 375
furcata, 375
graminea, 375
graminifolia, 376
gramanoides, 375
tmmersa, 376
Junghuhnii, 375
linearis, 375
myrtillifolia, 376
paradoxa, 375
rostrata, 375
seminuda, 375
subfaleata, 375
trichoidea, 375

MYRIOPTERIS, see CHEILAN-
THES.

NEOTTOPTERIS, see ASPLE-

NIUM.

NEPHRODIUM.

abortivum, 292
abruptum, 268
abruptum, 294, 295
acuminatum, 281
acutum, 286
acutum, 501
cemulum, 279
affine, 272
albicaule, 262
albolineatum, 503
albo-punctatum, 264
alsophilaceum, 495
amboinense, 292
amplissimum, 502
amplum, 285
amplum, 285
angustifolium, 293
angustifrons, 283
apicale, 499
apiciflorum, 271
apiifolium, 300
appendiculatum, 268
arborescens, 286
Arbuscula, 292
aridum, 291
aristatum, 288
articulatum, 292
Ascensionis, 279
asperum, 292
asplentoides, 298
athamanticum, 277
atratum, 261
atienuatum, 263
attenuatum, 494
augescens, 290
aureo-vestitum, 265
barbigerum, 274
Barelayi, 504

N

Barteri, 299

Nepuropium (continued).
Beddomei, 267
Bergianum, 269
Berteroanum, 286
Blumei, 284
Boivini, 501
Bojeri, 280
Boottii, 275
borneense, 273
Boryanum, 280
Boryanum, 284
brachyodon, 295
Brackenridgei, 494
Braunianum, 260
Brunonianum, 274
Buchanani, 498
calcaratum, 264, 494
canescens, 290
canum, 267
caripense, 265
catocarpum, 285
catopteron, 284
caudiculatum, 263, 295
chinense, 278
chrysolobum, 262
cicutarium, 299
ciliatum, 494
cirrhosum, 263
Clarket, 497
cochleatum, 272
cognatum, 279
collinum, 276
eoncinnum, 268
confluens, 504
connexum, 502
conterminum, 268
costale, 495 —
costatum, 503
crassifolium, 266
crenatum, 280
crinibulbon, 263
evinipes, 294
crinitum, 265
crinitum, 498
cristatum, 273
Ctenitis, 265
cubense, 501
cucullatum, 290
cucullatum, 289
Cumingianum, 287
Currort, 500
cuspidatum, 260
cyatheoides, 293
davallioides, 287
decipiens, 260
decompositum, 281
decrescens, 497
‘decurrens, 259
decurrens, 299
decursivo-pinnatum, 259
deflexum, 292, 305
deltoideum, 276
deltoidewm, 270

INDEX.

NEPHRODIUM (continued),
denticulatum, 287
deparioides, 277
dilatatum, 275
dimidiatum, 500
diplazivides, 270
dissectum, 282
dissidens, 295
distans, 288
diversilobum, 293
divisum, 284
Eatoni, 276
eburneum, 228
echinatum, 266
edentulum, 279
effuswm, 287
elatum, 502
elongatum, 272
Elwesit, 497
eriocarpum, 280
eriocauton, 495
erythrosorum, 273
eusorum, 294
excellens, 295
excultum, 287
exiguum, 267
extensum, 289
Fairbankii, 271
falcilobum, 264
falciculatum, 264
Falconeri, 277
Fendleri, 295
Ferow, 294
ferrugineum, 283
figiense, 280
Filia-mas, 272, 498
Somifolium, 501
Fischeri, 496
flaccidum, 274
fleauoswm, 501
floridanum, 273
Feoenisecii, 279
fragrams, 275
Fraseri, 495
funestum, 281
Funkii, 496
Sureatum, 285
Gardnerianum, 282
Gardnerianum, 496
giganteum, 300
giganteum, 508
glabellum, 281
glabratum, 500
glabrum, 278
glanduligerum, 262
glandulosum, 276, 288
glandulosum, 291
globuliferum, 269
Goldieanum, 272
gracile, 498
gracilescens, 262
gracilescens, 267
Grifithii, 300

547

NEPHRODIUM (continued).
Griscbachii, 285
griseum, 271
guadalupense, 503
guatemalense, 498
Haenkeanum, 290
Harveyi, 497
heterocarpon, 293.
heterocarpum, 297, 504
heterophyllum, 295
heterosorum, 504
Hilsenbergii, 293
hirsutum, 280
hirsutum, 221
hirtipes, 261
hirtum, 278
hispidulum, 293
hispidum, 286
Hopeanum, 494
Hornet, 500
Hudsonianum, 294
immersum, 263
Imrayanum, 304
ineequale, 277
inzequilaterale, 494
incisum, 288
insigne, 262
intermedium, 283
invisum, 290
irregulare, 299
trriguum, 297
Jamesoni, 293
javanicum, 248
Karstenianum, 286
Karwinskyanum, 279
Kaulfussiz, 268
kilmense, 498
lacerum, 273
lanceolatum, 498
lancilobum, 499
latifolium, 298
latefrons, 282
latipinna, 292
lepidotum, 276
lepigerwm, 284
Lepinet, 501
Leprieurii, 266
Leuzeanum, 295
Levyi, 502
ligulatum, 264
limbatum, 269
Lindeni, 493
lineatum, 292
Lobbii, 297
lonchodes, 2°70
longipes, 290
macrophyllum, 300
macrostegium, 501
macrotis, 261
macrourum, 262
macrourum, 263
marginale, 273
mascaranense, 503

548

NEPHRODIUM (continued),

Maximowiczti, 499
melanocaulon, 296
melanochlamys, 256
melanopus, 271
membranaceum, 498
membranifolium, 282
mexicanum, 276
Meyanthidis, 297
microbasis, 496
microsorum, 271
microstegium, 308
Milnei, 282

minor, 498

molle, 293
monostichum, 266
montanum, 271
Motleyanum, 266
moulmaynense, 503
multijugum, 291
Napoleonis, 279
nephrodioides, 266
Nidus, 498
nigrescens, 504
nigritanum, 499
nitidulum, 498
nitidulum, 502
noveboracense, 267
obliquatum, 264
obtusilobum, 284
obtusissimum, 498
ochthodes, 268
odontoloma, 498
odoratum, 280
odoratum, 284
oppositum, 283
Oreopteris, 271
Otaria, 288
pachyphyllum, 299
pachyrachis, 270
Palatanganum, 285
pallidivenium, 290
palustre, 270
parasiticum, 293
Parishit, 280
patens, 262
patulum, 276
pedatum, 259
pennigerum, 292
phanerophlebiun, 494
Pica, 298
pilosissimum, 281
piloso-hispidum, 307
pilosulum, 262
platypus, 286
pleiotomum, 297
podophyllum, 260
polymorphum, 297
pretervisum, 495
Prenticei, 494
Preslii, 272
procerum, 502
Procurrens, 290

INDEX.

NepHRopius (continucd).

prolixum, 268
propinquum, 272
protensum, 281
Piarmica, 496
pterifolium, 497
pteroides, 289
puberulum, 495
pubescens, 280
pulvinuliferum, 500
punctatum, 503
punctulatum, 261
purpurascens, 276
pusillum, 260
Raddianum, 265
ramentaceum, 495
recedens, 281
recurvum, 279
refractum, 292
remotum, 275
resino-fetidum, 269
Richardsi, 494
rigidulum, 496
rigidum, 275
riparium, 269
rubiginoswum, 280
sagenioides, 271
sagittefolium, 234
Salvini, 274
Sancti-Gabrieli, 493
sanctum, 267
scabrosum, 288
schizotis, 262
Schottianum, 262
sclerophyllum, 293
scolopendrioides, 288
semibipinnatum, 297
semihastatum, 260
sericeum, 494
Serra, 289

Serra, 263
setigerum, 284
setosum, 274
setosum, 468
Sieboldii, 261
siifolium, 299
Simonsit, 504
simplicifolium, 313
simulans, 300
singaporianum, 296
Skinneri, 287
Sloanet, 268
sophoroides, 289
sparsum, 276, 498
spectabile, 272
Speket, 263
spherocarpum, 277
spinulosum, 275
spinulosum, 279
splendens, 282
Sprengelit, 268
Sprucei, 269
squamigerum, 280

™

NeEPHRODIUM (continuc:?).

squamisetum, 278
squamulosum, 271
Standishii, 254
stenopteris, 288
stipellatum, 294
stipitatum, 278
subbiauritum, 261
subcuneatum, 503
subfuscum, 267
subglandulosum, 285
subincisum, 286
subobliquatum, 261
subquinquefidum, 281
subsericeum, 281
subtriphyllum, 296
subtripinnatum, 278
syrmaticum, 272
tarapotense, 265
tenericaule, 284
tenuifolium, 278
terminans, 289
ternatum, 296
tetragonum, 266
thelypteroides, 269
Thelypteris, 271
Thomsoni, 256
Thwaitesii, 299, 300
Thwattesti, 277
tomentosum, 269
Triane, 286
trichophorum, 265
trifidum, 297
triste, 266
truncatum, 294
tylodes, 268
uliginosum, 273
undulatum, 276
unitum, 289
unitum, 290
variabile, 281
varians, 288
variolosum, 298
varium, 254
vastum, 296
velatum, 270
velleum, 265
velutinum, 281
venulosum, 291
venustum, 294
vestitum, 265
Vietllardii, 282
wile, 499
villosum, 286
viridescens, 275
viscosum, 264
Vogelii, 281
Watkere, 493
Wardii, 500
Webbianum, 264
Welwitschii, 274
Wrightii, 288
Zollingerianum, 298

NeEpPHROLErIS.

abrupta, 52
acuminata, 302
acuta, 301
altescandens, 301
biserrata, 301
cordifolia, 300
davallioides, 802
delicatula, 801
ensifolia, 801
exaltata, 301
floccigera, 302
hirsutula, 301
imbricata, 801
neglecta, 301
obliterata, 301
obtusifolia, 301
occidentalis, 801
pectinata, 301
pendula, 301
pilosa, 301
platyotis, 301
punctulata, 301
ramosa, 302
rufescens, 301
splendens, 301
tenuis, 302
trichomanoides, 301
tuberosa, 301
valida, 301
volubilis, 301

NEUROCALLIS, sce ACROSTI-
CHUM.

NEvRODIUM, see THNITIS,

NEUROGRAMME, see GymNo-
GRAMME.

NEUROMANES, sce TRICHO-
MANES.

NEUROPHYLLUM, see TRI-

CHOMANES,

NEUROSORIA, sce ACROSTI-
CHUM,

NIPHOBOLUS,
DIUM.

NIPHOPSIS, see POLYPODIUM.

see Po.ypo-

NoTHOCHLANA.
afinis, 373
Aschenborniana, 371
Borsigiana, 374
brachypus, 371
Brackenridgei, 371
Brownii, 515
Buchanani, 373
candida, 873
chilensis, 874

INDEX.

Nornocunana (continued).
cimmamomea, 515
cretacea, 374
dealbata, 374
deltoidea, 514
densa, 372
distans, 372
Doradilla, 371
Eckloniana, 371
eriophora, 372
Fendleri, 374
ferruginea, 370
Slavens, 374
Sragilis, 372
Fraseri, 514
glabra, 372
hirsuta, 872
Hookeri, 374
hypoleuca, 372
inceequalis, 371
lanuginosa, 370
Maranie, 371
mollis, 372
monosticha, 374
Newberryt, 515
nivea, 874
nudiuscula, 372
obducta, 515
pauctiuga, 515
persica, 139
peruviana, 371
Pohliana, 872
Rawsoni, 370
semiglabra, 372
sinuata, 870
sinuata, 871
squamosa, 871
sulphurea, 373
tenera, 373
trichomanoides, 372
undulata, 420

OcHROPTERIS.
pallens, 127

OpontoLoma, see DAVALLIA.

OLEANDRA.

articulata, 302
chinensis, 303
Cumingit, 303
hirta, 802
hirtella, 302
longipes, 303
micans, 302
mollis, 302
Moritzii, 302
muscefolia, 302
neritformis, 302
nodosa, 303
phyllarthron, 302
pilosa, 302

549

OLEANDRA (continued).
Sibbaldi, 303
trujulensis, 302
Wallichit, 303
Welwitchii, 303

OLFERSIA, see ACROSTICHUM.

ONOocLEA.

germanica, 46
orientalis, 46
sensibilis, 46

OnYcHIUM.

auratum, 143
capense, 144
densum, 149
japonicum, 143
lucidum, 144
melanolepis, 143
strictum, 148

OocHLaMys, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

OPHIODERMA, sce OPHIO-
GLOSSUM.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.

acuminatum, 302
aphrodisiacum, 446
azoricum, 445
Boryanum, 447
brevipes, 446
bulbosum, 445
capense, 446
cognatum, 446
concinnum, 445
cordifolium, 446
coriaceum, 446
costatum, 446
crotalophoroides, 445
Cumingianum, 446
ellipticum, 445
elongatum, 446
flavicaule, 445
gomesianum, 415
gracillimum, 445
gramineum, 445
intermedium, 446
lusitanicum, 445
luso-africanum, 415
macrorhizum, 445
melipillense, 445
minimum, 445
moluccanum, 445
nudicaule, 445
nudicaule, 445
opacum, 445
ovatum, 446
palmatum, 446
parvifolium, 445

550

OrHiocLossum (continued).
pedunculosum, 446
pendulum, 446
peruvianum, 446
petiolatum, 446
polyphyllum, 446
reticulatum, 446
rubellum, 445
stipatum, 445
surinamense, 445
tuberosum, 445
vulgatum, 445
Wightii, 445
ypanamense, 445

ORNITHOPTERIS, see PrERis.

OsmunDA.
bipinnata, 426
bipinnata, 435 :
capensis, 179, 427
cinnamomea, 426
Claytoniana, 426
frondosa, 426
glaucescens, 426
gracilis, 427
Hilsenbergii, 427
Hugeliana, 427
imbricata, 426
interrupta, 426
japonica, 427
javanica, 426
lamcea, 427
Leschnaultiana, 427
monticola, 426
obtusifolia, 427
palustris, 427
pilosa, 426
Presliana, 426
regalis, 426
reptans, 180
speciosa, 427
spectabilis, 427
ternata, 448
Vachellii, 426
zeylanica, 447

PacHYDERIS, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

PAcHYLOMA,
PHYLLUM.

see HYMENO-

Pasta, see PTERIS.
PaLtToniuM, sce TNITIS,

PaRraAGRAMMA, sce PoLyPo-
DIUM.

PARKERIA, sce CERATOPTE-
RIS.

PatTanta, see DicKSonia,

INDEX,

PELLZA.

alabamensis, 148
alternifolia, 152
ambigua, 147
andromedeefolia, 150
angulosa, 153
angustifolia, 150
articulata, 153
aspera, 148
atropurpurea, 147
auriculata, 145
Barklyw, 151
bella, 477
Boivini, 149
Bojeri, 150
Bongardiana, 477
brachyptera, 477
Breweri, 145

+ Bridgesti, 151
Brownii, 152
Burkeana, 158
calomelanos, 152
columbina, 146
concolor, 146
consobrina, 150
cordata, 152
cuneata, 150
decomposita, 150
delioidea, 146
densa, 149
depilata, 478
Doniana, 152
dura, 147, 153
falcata, 151
Jflavescens, 477
flexuosa, 153
Fournieri, 476
geranicefolia, 146
glabella, 147
glauca, 150
Glaziovii, 476
gracilis, 145
Greggit, 477
hastefolia, 152
hastata, 152
hastata, 152
hirsuta, 151
intramarginalis, 148
anoluta, 148
leucomelas, 478
lomariacea, 146, 166
longimucronata, 148
macrophylla, 152
margimata, 151
microphylla, 476
microphylla, 477
mucronata, 148
mucronata, 148
myrtillifolia, 477
nitida, 478
nitidula, 149
ornithopus, 149
pallida, 478

| PERANEMA,

PauuzZa (continued)
paradoxa, 152
Pearcei, 476
pectiniformis, 147
pilosa, 145
profusa, 148
pubescens, 150
pulchella, 150
pyramidalis, 151
quadripinnata, 150
rigida, 147
robusta, 149
rotundifolia, 151
sagittata, 153
Seemanni, 145
serratifolia, 149
seticaulis, 152
Skinnert, 147
Stelleri, 145
subsimplex, 478
Tamburii, 146
ternifolia, 148
vestita, 146
viridis, 152
Wrightiana, 148
Zippellit, 477

see SPHm®RO-

PTERIS.

PHANEROPHLEBIA, see ASPI-
DIUM.

PHEGOPTERIS, see Ponyro-

DIUM.

PHLEBIGONIUM, see NEPHRO-
DIUM.

PHLEBIOPHYLLUM, see TRI-
CHOMANES.

PHLEBODIUM,
DIUM.

PHOTINOPTERIS, see AORO-
STICHUM.

PHYMATODES, see POLYPO-
DIUM.

PHYSAPTERIS, see CHEILAN-
THES.

PHYSEMATIUM, see WooDSIA.
PraGiogyYRia, see LOMARIA.

see Pouypo-

PLATYOERIUM.

ethiopicum, 425
alcicorne, 425
angolense, 425
biforme, 425
grande, 425
Stemmaria, 425
Wallichit, 425

PoatyLoma, see PELLEA,

PLatTYZOMA,
microphyllum, 11

PiEoosoRuUs, see CHIILAN-
THES.

PLEOcNEMIA, see NEPHRO-
DIUM,

PLEUROGRAMME, see Mono-
GRAMME,

PopoPettis, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.
Pasta, see Preris.

Potyporrya, see ACROSTI-
OHUM.

PoLycaMpPium, see Pouyro-
DIUM.

Po.yPopium.

Abitague, 333
accedens, 353
achilleefolium, 338
acrostichoides, 356
acrostichoides, 350
aculeatum, 34
acuminatum, 345
adenochrysum, 268
Adenophorus, 328
adnascens, 349
adnatum, 345
adspersum, 319, 320
affine, 288
affine, 364
africanum, 351, 513
alaium, 365
albicans, 352
albidulum, 509
albo-punctatissimum,
360
albo-squamatum, 369
alleopterum, 305
alpestre, 311
alternang, 41
alternifolium, 335
altescandens, 301
ambiguum, 510
amboynense, 306
americanum, 352
ammifolium, 311
amenum, 341
amphostemon, 348
andinum, 323
androgynum, 317
aneitense, 312
anfractuosum, 326
angulatum, 258

INDEX.

PoLYPODIUM (continued).
angustatum, 356
angustatum, 368
angustifolium, 347
angustum, 363
anocarpum, 360
apiculatum, 382
appendiculatum, 343
appendiculatum, 306
aquilinum, 311
areolatum, 347
argyratum, 331
argutum, 511
armatum, 33
arthrothrix, 315
asperulum, 311
asplenifolium, 293, 329
asplenioides, 316
asterothrix, 316
athyrioides, 339
Atkinzoni, 511
atro-virens, 34
attenuatum, 345
attenuatum, 354, 355
aureum, 347
auriculatum, 306
aurisetum, 340
australe, 334
australe, 322
axillare, 35
barbatulum, 323
barbatum, 294
Barberi, 317
Barterianum, 309
Beaumonti, 319
Beckleri, 301
Beddomei, 344
Bergianum, 269
Bernouillii, 510
biauriculatum, 836
biforme, 505
bifrons, 361
bifurcatum, 362
Billardiert, 364
binerve, 323, 412
biseriale, 309
biserratum, 337
bisulcatum, 321
blechnoides, 32
blechnoides, 331
Boivini, 507
Bojeri, 311
Boothit, 352
borneense, 314
brasiliense, 345
brevistipes, 509
Brongmartii, 318
Brownit, 355
cespitosum, 321
cespitosum, 305
caffrorum, 436
Calaguala, 343
californicum, 341

551

PoLYPODIUM (continued).
callolepis, 333
cambricum, 334
cameroonianum, 318
capillare, 329
eapitellatum, 368
carnosum, 342, 365
Carrii, 305
Catharine, 343
Catharine, 348
caudatum, 309
celebicum, 330
chacapoyense, 343
chnoodes, 344
chnoophorum, 333
chrysolepis, 321
cicutarium, 299
ciliatum, 328, 340
clavifer, 334
coarctatum, 348
cochleatum, 310
colpodes, 342
comptoniefolium, 323
concinnum, 268, 336
confluens, 332
confluens, 349
conforme, 319
conjugatum, 366
conjugatum, 362
connexum, 312
cordatum, 304
cordatum, 345
cordifolium, 300
cornigerum, 508
coronans, 866
costatum, 316
costatum, 350
crassifolium, 360
crassifrons, 325
crassinervium, 360
crenato-dentatum, 315
crenatum, 315
crenatum, 280
crenulatum, 368
crinale, 311
crispatum, 333
crispatum, 361
cryptosorum, 508
ctenoides, 306
cubanum, 804
cubense, 348
cucullatum, 324
cultratum, 827
Cumingianum, 318
Cumingianum, 354
cuneatum, 513
Cunninghami, 354
curvans, 329
curvatum, 329
cuspidatum, 344
cyatheefolium, 306
eyrtolobum, 363
Dalhousianum, 315

PonyPopium (continued),

darceeforme, 339
dasypleuron, 343
davallioides, 340
debile, 313
decipiens, 329
decipiens, 508
decorum, 331
decumanum, 347
decurrens, 849
decursivo-pinnatum,
259
decussatum, 306
deflexum, 805
delicatulum, 326
deltoideum, 270
dependens, 335
Deplanchei, 322
detergibile, 851
Diane, 309
dicksonioides, 278
dictyocallis, 347
dictyophyllum, 312
difforme, 318
dilatatum, 287
dilatatum, 365
diminutum, 507
Dipteris, 362
discolor, 825
dissectum, 282
dissimile, 344
distans, 308
distichocarpum, 352
divergens, 287
diversifoloum, 314
diversifolium, 368
domingense, 288
draconopterum, 319
drepanum, 310
Dryopteris, 309
dubium, 318
Eatont, 511
ebenipes, 365
Eckloni, 346
effusum, 287
Ehrenbergianum, 334
elasticum, 327, 363
clasticum, 332
elatum, 337
eleutherophlebium, 343
ellipsoidewm, 383
ellipticum, 389
elongatum, 260
ensatum, 361
ensifolium, 347, 356
enstforme, 341
eriophorum, 373
erubescens, 308
crubescens, 306
erythrocarpum, 511
excavatum, 854
excelsum, 505
excultum, 287

INDEX.

Poiypoprum (continued).

exiguum, 326
exsul, 513
extensum, 323
Falearia, 343
falcatum, 334
Fallax, 337
Farinosum, 329
fasciale, 348
Sasciatum, 322
faucium, 315
Féei, 317
Fendleri, 349
ferax, 288
ferox, 294
ferrugineum, 318
ferrugineum, 332
fibrillosum, 807
Jirmum, 335
Jissum, 851
flabellatum, 48
Alabelliforme, 326
Aabellivenium, 322
flavo-punctatum, 804
flexile, 311
floceigerum, 351
flocculosum, 351
Forsteri, 317
Fortunei, 367
fragrans, 134
Fraseri, 510
Sraternum, 337
fraxinifolium, 314
fraxinifolium, 346
Friedrichsthatianum,
839
Funiculum, 338
Surcatum, 322
Surfuraceum, 332
Suscatum, 331
fusco-punctatum, 357
Galeottet, 509
Gurdneri, 352
Gardnerianum, 509
geminatum, 353
Germanianum, 806
Gheisbreghtii, 511
Gheisbreghtiz, 815
glabrum, 356
gladiatum, 345
glanduliferum, 310
glandulosum, 327
glaucophyllum, 340
glaucum, 3865
glycyrhiza, 334
gonatodes, 342
gracile, 338
gracile, 316
gramineum, 321
grammitidis, 327
gradatum, 509
grandidens, 344
grandifolium, 360

PoLyPopiuM (continued),

Grifithianum, 359
Griffithii, 308
griseum, 830
griseum, 38
guadalupense, 317
guatemalense, 345
guianense, 423
Guilleminianwm, 510
harpeodes, 343
harpophyllum, 511
Hariwegianum, 336
Hasseliti, 309
hastefolium, 304
hastatum, 317
hastatum, 361
hemionitideum, 360
Henchmanni, 337
Hendersoni, 511
Heracleum, 366
Heteractis, 512
heterocarpum, 860
heteromorphum, 334
heterosorum, 506
hexagonopterum, 309
Hillebrandi, 311
Hillebrandii, 339
Aili, 505
himalayense, 369
hirsutulum, 509
hirsutum, 505
hirtellum, 820
hirtum, 320
Hookeri, 319
Horsfieldii, 362
humile, 325
hydrophilum, 306
hymenophylloides, 387
ineequale, 325
inequale, 345
incanum, 346
incisum, 288, 494
inconspicuum, 327
ineurvatum, 363
insigne, 363
intermedium, 342, 345
invisum, 263
irtotdes, 360
irregulare, 319
Irvingii, 341
Jagorianum, 507
Jamesoni, 323
jubeeforme, 827
juglandifolium, 368
jungermanniotdes, 320
Kennedyi, 314
Keraudrenianum, 313
khasyanum, 325
Keenigi, 350
Korthalsi?, 345
L«brusca, 361
lnverum, 278
luchnopus, 842

PoLyPopium (continued),

laciniatum, 865
letum, 343

leve, 350
levigatum, 348, 505
lampongense, 345
lanceola, 358
lanceola, 513
lanceolatum, 354
lanceolatum, 356
lanigerum, 835
lapathifolium, 348
lasiosorum, 320
lasiolepis, 330
lasiopus, 343
lasiostipes, 327
latebrosum, 43
latipes, 3438
latifolium, 298
latum, 349, 512
legionarium, 837
Lehmanni, 369
leiorhizon, 869
Lenormandi, 514
lepidotum, 356
lepidopteris, 346
leptocladium, 317
leucosorum, 324
leucosporum, 862
L’Herminieri, 332
ligulatum, 320
Lindbergit, 358
Lindigii, 348
Lindleyanum, 368
lineare, 354
linearifolium, 356
lineatum, 816, 503
Lingua, 350
lingueforme, 358
Linnea, 368
lividum, 328
Lobbianum, 294, 862
Lobbianum, 331
lomarioides, 365
lomarizforme, 333
longepimnulatum, 510
longifolium, 855
longifrons, 358
longipes, 364
longisetosum, 388
longissimum, 316
longissimum, 366
loriceum, 342
loricewm, 848
loriforme, 354
lucidum, 348
lunulatum, 41
lycopodioides, 857
Machenti, 357
macrocarpum, 330
macrodon, 318
macrodon, 337
macrophyllum, 308

INDEX.

PoLyPopium (continued).

macropterum, 312
macrothecum, 3806
madrense, 330
magnificum, 349
matacodon, 363, 513
Mannianum, 310
marginale, 98
marginatum, 513
marginatum, 513
marginellum, 321
Martensii, 333
Matthewsti, 341
Mat thewsii, 510
Maximowiczii, 504
maximum, 364
mediale, 507
megalocarpum, 318
megalodus, 317
melanopus, 829
Melleri, 359
membranaceum, 360
menisciicarpon, 297,
299 =
meniscrifolium, 346.
menisctoides, 314

‘meridense, 333

Meyenianum, 366
microphyllinum, 889
microrhizoma, 511

- microstegium, 308

Milnei, 282
millefolium, 339
minus, 348

‘minutum, 328

molle, 308
molle, 315, 844, 367
mollissimum, 329
molliusculum, 293
moniliforme, 325
montanum, 271
monticolum, 326
Moritzianum, 333
moulmeinense, 368
multifidum, 287
multifidum, 322
multilineatum, 316
muricatum, 252
muricatum, 506
murorum, 339
muscfolium, 860
myosuroides, 323
myriocarpum, 358
myriocarpum, 358
myriophyllum, 388
nanum, 507
nemorale, 285
neriifolium, 845
nigrescens, 364
nigritianum, 313
nigripes, 347
nigrocarpum, 283
niponicum, 341
44

553

Po.ypoprum (continued).

nitens, 358
nitidissimum, 349
nitidum, 348
normale, 358
nudum, 354
nummularium, 840
nummulariefolium, 851
obliquatum, 828
obliquatum, 328
obovatum, 350
obscurum, 808
obtusum, 322
obtusilobum, 805
Oldhami, 311
oligophlebium, 506
ontolepis, 330
onustum, 339
oodes, 354
oppositifolium, 316
organense, 324
ornatum, 285
Otites, 334
ovatum, 359
oxylobum, 363
pachyphyllum, 342
Palatauganum, 285
paleaceum, 285
paleaceum, 505
pallidum, 285
pallidivenium, 290
palmatum, 368
paludosum, 308
palustre, 412
pannosum, 512
papillosum, 328
papillosum, 332
parasiticum, 293
parasiticum, 319
Parkeri, 32
porvulum, 326
patens, 342
patentissimum, 509
pauciflorum, 30
Pearcei, 508
pectinatum, 333
pectinatum, 343
pellucidum, 334
peltideum, 364
penangianum, 352
penahgianum, 316
pendulum, 329
Pennamarina, 178
pennigerum, 317
pentagonum, 321
percussum, 356
persicefolium, 344
persicaricefolium, 358
peruvianum, 326
Perviilei, 321
petrophyum, 319
Phegopteris, 808
philippense, 366

554

Potypopium (continued).
Phyllitidis, 348
Phymatodes, 364
pilipes, 330
pilipes, 329
pilosiusculum, 319
piloselloides, 340
pilosissimum, 327
pilosum, 367
plantagineum, 258
platybasis, 511
platylepis, 512
platylobum, 306

platyphyllum, 313, 455
platyphyllum, 310, 359

plebewum, 336
plectolepis, 344
pleiosorum, 507
plesiosorum, 842
pleurosorum, 347
plumosum, 228
Plumula, 332
pecilophlebium, 814
polycarpwm, 506
polylepis, 356
porosum, 351
portoricense, 280
Powellit, 364
prasinum, 312
princeps, 351
Prionitis, 304
procerum, 313
procurrens, 301
proliferum, 315
propinguum, 367
pruinatum, 508

pseudo-grammitis, 320

pteroideum, 308
pteropus, 329
pteropus, 362
puberulum, 336
pubescens, 842, 509
pulchrum, 332
pulvinatum, 347
pumilum, 365
punctatum, 312
punctatum, 812
punctulatum, 343
pustulatum, 363
pycnolepis, 310
pygmeun, 507
pyramidatum, 317
quadrangularis, 317
quercifolium, 367
radicale, 332
“Raddii, 265
reclinatum, 385
recurvatum, 3382
refulgens, 307
regulare, 388

Reinwardtii, 320, 344

repandulum, 328
repandum, 315

INDEX.

Potypopium (continued).

repens, 348
reptans, 316
retroflexum, 292
revertens, 337
rhagadiolepis, 512
rhizocaulon, 346
rhodopleuron, 348
rhynchophyllum, 359
Richardi, 346
rigescens, 331
rigidulum, 368
rigidum, 310
rigidum, 252
rivale, 367
Rivoirei, 315
Robertianum, 309
rostratum, 353
rotundatum, 807
rotundifolium, 304
rubidum, 314
rubrinerve, 315
rude, 307
rufescens, 309
rufulum, 346
rugulosum, 130, 312
rupestre, 349, 356
rupestre, 359
rusticum, 306
rusticum, 306
salicifolium, 316, 357
samarense, 356
samoense, 321
Sancta-Gabrieli, 493
sanctum, 267
sandvicense, 312
sandvicense, 317
sarcopus, 514
sarmentosum, 327
saxatile, 359
scandens, 364
Schiedeanum, 33
Schimperianum, 513
Schkuhri, 332
Schomburghianum, 855
Schradert, 354
scolopendrioides, 288,
828
Scoulert, 342
sculpturatum, 514
sechellarum, 508
sectifrons, 363
Seemanni, 295, 331
segregatum, 510
selliqueoides, 513
semiadnatum, 335
semipinnatifidum, 341
senile, 327
sepultum, 346
sericeo-lanatum, 335
sericeum, 280
serpens, 349
serpens, 357

PoLyPoprum (continued).

serratifolium, 344
serratum, 512
serrulatum, 323
sessilifolium, 311
sessilifolium, 322, 512
setigerum, 320
setigerum, 319
setosum, 323
Sieberianum, 306
siifolium, 299
simplex, 354
simplicifolium, 318
simplicissimam, 518
sinuosum, 355
sinuosum, 3865
Skinneri, 881
Sloanei, 285
solidum, 324
solutum, 348
sophoroides, 289
soridens, 355
sororium, 337
sparsiflorum, 319
sparsisorum, 368
spectabile, 286
Spectrum, 361
spherostichwm, 350
sphenodes, 348
spissum, 350
splendidum, 312
splendens, 353
splendens, 367
Spixianum, 333
sporadocarpum, 347
sporadolepis, 336
Sprucet, 319
spurium, 388
squamatum, 346
stegnogrammoides, 317
stenoloma, 363
stenophyllum, 854
Stewartii, 513
stigmaticum, 357
stigmosum, 350
straminewm, 316
strigosum, 288
subauriculatum, 344
subcrenatum, 325
subdigitatum, 340.
subdimidiatum, 324
subecostatum, 353
subevenosum, 320
subfalcatum, 328
subfurfuraceum, 350
sublanosum, 333
subnudwm, 509
subpetiolatum, 336
subpinnatifidum, 324
subscabrum, 326
subsecundo-dissectum,
328
subsessile, 329

PoLypuDium (continued),
subserratum, 825
subspathulatum, 320
subtitle, 326
superficiale, 855
surrucuchense, 843
suspensum, 329
Swartzii, 857
sylvaticum, 252
tamariscinum, 338
tarapotense, 505
Tatei, 506
taxifolium, 332 «
tenellum, 337
tenerifrons, 318
tenerum, 317
tenuicauda, 368
tenuiculum, 509
tenuifolium, 334
tenuilore, 354
tenuisectum, 338
tenuisectum, 388
terminale, 364
tetragonum, 317
Thwattesti, 508
thyssanolepis, 512
tijuccanum, 805
tomentosum, 269
tomentoswm, 815
tovarense, 324
trachycarpum, 506
translucens, 342
tricholepis, 349
trichomanoides, 326
trichosorum, 323
tricuspe, 350
tridactylon, 362
tridens, 346
wifidum, 363
trifurcatum, 323
trilobatum, 347
trilobum, 841
tripinnatifidum, 338
triquetrum, 859
truncicola, 508
Tweedianum, 330
unidentatum, 310
unisorum, 307
unitum, 289
unitum, 317
urophyllum, 315, 503
vacciniifolium, 340
vacillans, 343
variabile, 335
varians, 369
varium, 350
venosum, 357
venulosum, 334
venustum, 369
verrucosum, 344
vestitum, 265:
Vieillardii, 364
villosissimum, 324

INDEX.

Ponypoptum (continued).
villosum, 280
villosum, 512
violascens, 865
Vittaria, 360
Vogelit, 318
vulcanicum, 389
vulgare, 334
Wagneri, 333
Walkeres, 493
Wallichiz, 362
Willdenovit, 367
Willdenovii, 367
Wrightti, 304
xiphophoron, 345
zeylanicum, 321
Zippellii, 360
Zollingerianum, 360
zosterceforme, 357

PotysticHum, sce ASPIDIUM.
see ANTRO-

PoLytznNIvy,
PHYUM.

PROFEREA, sce NEPHRODIUM.

PROSAPTIA, see FAVALLIA.

PSEUATHYRIUM,
PODIUM.

PSILODOCHEA, sce
PTERIS.

Preris,
acelivis, 479
aculeata, 171
albolineata, 154
alternifolia, 168
amoena, 164, 479
anamallayensis, 164
angulosa, 153
angusta, 159
angustata, 169
aquilina, 162
arachnoidea, .163
areolata, 480
arguta, 160
argyrea, 158
armata, 164
articulata, 153
ascensionis, 161
asperula, 158
atrovirens, 170
aurantiaca, 141
aurita, 172
Barteri, 168
Beecheyana, 171
Berteroana, 171
diaurita, 164
borbonica, 170
brasiliensis, 169
brevisora, 162

see Pouy-

ANGIO-'

Prenis (continued).
Burkeana, 153
caffra, 161
camptocarpa, 173
catoptera, 158
caudata, 163
chilensis, 161
chrysodioides, 168
ciliaris, 170
collina, 166
comans, 171 :
concinna, 156
concolor, 146
consanguinea, 480
cordata, 152
coriacea, 162
crassipes, 173
crenata, 155
eretica, 154
crispa, 479
Cresus, 479
Currori, 168
dactylina, 155
Dalhousie, 157
decipiens, 167
decomposita, 479
decora, 167
decurrens, 171
decussata, 165
deflexa, 162
deltea, 158
denticulata, 159
digitata, 154
dispar, 157
distans, 156
divaricatissima, 163
edentula, 159
elata, 173
elegans, 167
Endlicheriana, 171
ensiformis, 155
esculenta, 163
euchlora, 166
excelsa, 159
fallax, 149
felosma, 158
flabellata, 161
flexuosa, 153
flexuosa, 157
Fraser, 480
Galeottei, 164
Gardneri, 165
Gaudichaudii, 162
Ghiesbreghtii, 160
gigantea, 173
glauca, 151
gracilis, 160
grandifolia, 164
grandis, 167, 171
Grifithii, 156
hastata, 152, 166
heteromorpha, 156
heterophlebia, 172

555

536

Prents (continued).

heterophylla, 160
Henkeana, 169
Hookeriana, 155
tneisa, 172
indica, 154
involuta, 148
arregularis, 158
Jamesoni, 162
Junghuhnii, 170
Kingiana, 161
Kleiniana, 164
. Kunzeana, 173
laciniata, 160
levis, 171
lanceeefolia, 168
latifolia, 173
laurea, 168
leptophylla, 171
leptophylla, 160
litobrochioides, 157
livida, 481
lomariacea, 164
lomariacea, 166
lonchophora, 166
longibracteata, 173
longifolia, 1538
longipes, 161
longipinnula, 158
longula, 478
ludens, 166
Luschnathiana, 172
lutea, 141
luxuriosa, 155
macilenta, 171
macroptera, 169
madagascarica, 156
Mannii, 168
marattiefolia, 157
marginata, 172
maxima, 480
melanocaulon, 154
Melleri, 165
Mettenii, 164
mexicana, 169
microptera, 480
Milneana, 170
moluccana, 154
montbrisonis, 170
muricata, 162
mutilata, 156
nemoralis, 164
nigrescens, 479
nitida, 478
nitida, 479
nobilis, 167
Nove-Caledonie, 159
obscura, 480
opaca, 154
ornithopus, 166
paleacea, 159
palmata, 166
Pancheri, 479

INDEX,

Preris (continued).

papyracea, 168
patens, 165
paucinervata, 157
pectiniformis, 147
pedata, 166
pedata, 167
pedatoides, 166
pellucens, 161
pellucida, 154
platychlamys, 162
podophylla, 172
polita, 171
propinqua, 171
pseudo-lonchitis, 170
pulchra, 169
pungens, 159
pyrophylla, 158
quadriaurita, 158
quadripinnata, 150
reticulata, 480
rugulosa, 480
sagittata, 153
sagittifolia, 166
scabra, 159
scaberula, 163
scabripes, 154
scalaris, 163
semiadnata, 157
semidentata, 160
semipinnata, 157
serrulata, 155
setifera, 173
sinuata, 172
speciosa, 480
spinulifera, 170
splendens, 168
Stelleri, 145
stenophylla, 154
straminea, 479
stridens, 162
subquinata, 158
subserrata, 156
sulcata, 158
sulphurea, 373
Swartziana, 158
transparens, 480
tremula, 161
tricolor, 158
tripartita, 170, 172
triplicata, 165
triphylla, 168, 478
Tussaci, 171
umbraculifera, 158
umbrosa, 155
undulata, 480
venulosa, 154
venusta, 154
vespertilionis, 172
vestita, 169
Vietllardi, 167
viridis, 152
viscosa, 163

Preris (continued).
vittata, 164
Wallichiana, 165
woodwardioides, 170
Zollingeri, 161

PTERONEURON, see Davat-
Lia.

PTEROPSIS, sce TENITIS.

PTEROZONIUM, see GYMNO-
GRAMME.

Pronoporta, see Prents.

Prcnopreris, see NePHRO-
DIUM.

RaIPIDOPTERIS, see ACRO-
STICHUM,

RHIZOGLOSSUM, see OPHIO-
GLOSSUM.

Sacconoma, sce DAVALLIA.

SADLERIA.
cyatheoides, 187
Kaulfussiana, 187
pallida, 187
Souleytiana, 187
squarrosa, 187

SAGENIA, see NEPHRODIUM.

SALPICHLHZNA, see BLECH-
NUM.

SoHaFrveria, see SCOLOPEN-
DRIUM.

SCHELLOLEPIS, sce Ponyro-
DIUM.

ScHIz@ZA.

attenuata, 430
australis, 428
bifida, 429
cristata, 4380
dichotoma, 430
digitata, 480
elegans, 480
Jistulosa, 429
flabellum, 430
fluminensis, 429
Forsteri, 430
Germani, 430
incurvata, 429
intermedia, 430
levigata, 430
latifolia, 480
malaccana, 428
occidentalis, 480
pacificans, 430
palmata, 428

Scuizza (continued).
pectinata, 429
penicillata, 430
pennula, 430
Poppigiana, 430
propinqua, 428, 429
pusilla, 428
vobusta, 429
rupestris, 429
spectabilis, 430
Sprucei, 480
subtrijuga, 430
tenella, 428
trilateralis, 430
valdiviana, 429

SouizoLoma, see LINDSAYA,

ScHIZOPTERIS, see CHEILAN-
THES.

Scotiosorvs, see ANTRO-
PHYUM. :
ScoLOPENDRIUM,.

brastliense, 247
Douglasii, 247
Durvillei, 247
Hemionitis, 247
Krebsii, 179
Lindeni, 247
longifolium, 247
micropodium, 247
nigripes, 247
pinnatum, 247
plantagineum, 247
rhizophyllum, 248
sibiricum, 248
subsessile, 247
vulgare, 246

ScYPHULARIA, see DAVALLIA.

SELLIGUEA, Gymwo-

GRAMME.

SERPYLLOPSIS, see TRICHO-
MANES.

SITOLOBIUM, see DICKSONIA.
see ACROSTI-

see

SoROMANES,
CHUM.

SPHEROCIONIUM, sce Hymr-
NOPHYLLUM.

SPUZROPTERIS.

barbata, 49
cyatheoides, 49

SPHHROSTEPHANOS, see DI-
DYMOCHLANA,

INDEX,

STEGNOGRAMME, see PoLYPo-
DIUM.

STENOCHLZNA, see LOMARIA
and ACROSTICHUM,

STENOLOMA, see DAVALLIA.

STENOSEMIA, see ACKOSTI-
CHUM.

STIBASIA, see MARATTIA,

STROMATOPTERIS, see GLEI-
CHENIA,

STRUTHIOPTERIS, Ono-

CLEA,

SYNAPHLEBIUM, sce DavaAt-
Lia and LINDSAYA.

SYNGRAMME, see GYMNO-
GRAMME.

SYNOCHLAMYS, see PELLEZA.
T2ENIOPSIS, see VITTARTA,

see

T&NITIS.
angustifolia, 396
blechnoides, 397
Blumei, 397
Desvauxii, 397
furcata, 397
intermedia, 395
interrupta, 397
isoetifolia, 395
lanceolata, 397
marginalis, 397
obtusa, 396
sagittifera, 186
semipinnatifida, 397

TERATOPHYLLUM, see ACRO-
STICHUM.

THAMNOPTERIS, see ASPLE-
NIUM.

THYLACOPTERIS, see Pouy-
PODIUM.

THYRSOPTERIS,
elegans, 16

TODEA.

fricana, 427
barbara, 427
Praseri, 427
hymenophylloides, 427
Mooret, 524
pellucida, 428
rivularis, 427
superba, 428
Wilkesiana, 427

557

TRIBLEMMA, s¢¢ ASPLENIUM.
TRICHOCARPA, see DEPARIA.

TRICHOMANES,

abruptum, 84
achillezfolium, 86
cerugineum, 75
alatum, 79
album, 80
allernans, 465
anceps, 86, 87
angustatum, 85
Ankersii, 80
antillarum, 81
apiifolium, 86
apodum, 75
Armstrongit, 465
Ase-Grayi, 87
assimile, 464
attenuatum, 79
auriculatum, 82
Baneroftii, 78
Barklianum, 74
Bauerianum, 86
bicorne, 79
bimarginatum, 75
bipunctatum, 81
Boivini, 86
Bojeri, 73
borbonicum, 81
Boryi, 72
botryoudes, 72
brachyblastos, 466
brachypus, 80
brasiliense, 81
brevipes, 84
ceespitosum, 83
calvescens, 77
capillatum, 81
caudatum, 85
cavifolium, 81
cellulosum, 87
Colensot, 85
concinnum, 465
coriaceum, 78
crinitum, 82
crispulum, 75
crispum, 82
Cumingii, 84
cuspidatum, 73
delicatum, 79
dentatum, 86
denticulatum, 82
diffusum, 76
digitatum, 76
dilatatum, 81
dissectum, 82
diversifrons, 72
Draytonianum, 81
Dregei, 86
elatum, 87

558

TRICHOMANES (continued).
elegans, 72
elegans, 87
elongatum, 86
emarginatum, 81
Endlicherianum, 80
erectum, 80
ericoides, 87
erosum, 75
euphlebium, 81
exaltatum, 86
exiguum, 464
eximium, 81
exsectum, 85
Filicula, 81
filiforme, 87
fimbriatum, 79
flabellatum, 76
flabellatum, 76
flavo-fuscescens, 85
floribundum, 84
feeniculaceum, 87
feniculacewm, 88
gemmatum, 87
giganteum, 87
glauco-fuscum, 80
Godmant, 74
Griffithii, 81
Harveyi, 86
Henzaianum, 75
henzaiense, 73
heterophyllum, 72
hispidulum, 466
holopterum, 78
Hookeri, 75
Hostmannianum, 84
Humboldtii, 72
humile, 80
hymenophylloides, 81
incisum, 78
insigne, 81
intermedium, 86
intramarginale, 79
javanicum, 83
Kapplerianum, 75
Kaulfussii, 79
Kirkui, 78
Krausti, 77
Kunzeanum, 81
Kurzii, 77
Lambertianum, 83
lanceum, 76
late-alatum, 81
latemarginale, 79
Lechleri, 81
Lenormandi, 75, 78
Leprieurii, 87
Lindeni, 86
lineare, 79
lineolatum, 78
longicollum, 86
longisetum, 88
lucens, 79

INDEX,

TRICHOMANES (continued),
lucens, 83
Luschnathianum, 81
Lyallt, 77
macilentum, 78
macroclados, 86
Malingii, 66
mandioccanum, 86
Mannii, 75
Martiusii, 82
maximum, 86
meifolium, 86
melanopus, 465
melanorhizon, 84
membranaceum, 73
microphyllum, 57
Milnei, 81
minutum, 75
Morieri, 466
Motleyi, 73
muscoides, 75
nanum, 77
nanum, 72
netlgheriense, 74
nitidulum, 76
obscurum, 86
olivaceum, 81
opacum, 87
Pabstianum, 75
pallidum, 80
palmatifidum, 76
palmatum, 76
parvifiorum, 88
parvulum, 75
pellucens, 82
peltatum, 73
Petersiz, 74
pinnatifidum, 78
purnatum, 84
plicatum, 81
Pluma, 466
Plumula, 82
polyanthos, 86
polypodinum, 72
Powellit, 76
Priewurit, 86
proliferum, 76
ptilodes, 79
pumilum, 86
punctatum, 74
pusillum, 77
pyxidiferum, 81
quercifolium, 72, 465
racemulosum, 81
radicans, 81
reniforme, 78
reptans, 74
rigidum, 86
Robinsoni, 77
saxifragoides, 75
scandens, 82
scandens, 85
Schaffneri, 75

TRICHOMANES (continued).
Schmidtianum, 81
Seemanni, 86
serratulum, 80
setilobum, 88
sibthorpioides, 76
sinuosum, 78
Smithit, 84
speciosum, 81
sphenoides, 74
spicatum, 72
splendidum, 83
Spruceanum, 72
Sprucei, 87
strictum, 466
sublimbatum, 75
subsessile, 465
superbum, 78
tamarisciforme, 86
tanaicum, 80
tenerum, 85
tenue, 84
Teysmanni, 76
Thouarsianum, 76
trichoideum, 85
trichophyllum, 466
umbrosum, 81
venosum, 82
Vieillardii, 81
viridans, 465
vitiense, 74
Vittaria, 84
Weddellii, 87

TRICHOPTERIS, seé ALSO-

PHILA.

TRICHOSORUS,
PHILA.

see ALSO-

TRISMERIA, see GYMNO-

GRAMME.

TROCHOPTERIS.
elegans, 436

Ucena, see Lyaoprum.

‘VAGINULARIA, see Mowno-

GRAMME,

VITTARIA.

acrostichoides, 401
anodontolepis, 395
bisuleata, 395
costata, 895
debilis, 518
elongata, 395
ensiformis, 395
falcata, 395
filifolia, $96

Virraria (continued).
flexuosa, 396
Forbesii, 396
Gardneriana, 895
gracilis, 518
guineensis, 396
intermedia, 395
isoetifolia, 395
Karstehiana, 396
lineata, 396
loricea, 396
minor, 395
Moritziana, 395
Orbignyana, 518
owariensis, 395
plantaginea, 395
pumila, 517
remota, 396
rigida, 395
Ruiziana, 396
sarmentosa, 396
scabrida, 395 |
scolopendrina, 396
stipitata, 395

INDEX.

VITTARIA (continued).
stricta, 396
sulcata, 518
tenera, 396
zeylanica, 396
zosterzefolia, 395

Woopsta.

andina, 48
Brownii, 46
Burgessiana, 48
caucasica, 47
crenata, 48
elongata, 47
fragilis, 47
glabella, 47
guatenalensis, 47
hyperborea, 46
alvensis, 46
incisa, 48
insulavis, 47
lanosa, 47
Lyallii, 48
macrochlena, 47

559

Woonsta (continued).
manchuriensis, 48
mollis, 47
obtusa, 48
oregana, 48
Perriniana, 48
peruviana, 48

~ polystichioides, 48
scopulina, 48
sinuata, 48
Veitchii, 48

Woopwakpta.
angustifolia, 189
areolata, 189
Harlandii, 189
japonica, 188
ortentalis, 188
radicans, 188
virginica, 188

XIPHOPTERIS, see PoLYpPo-
- DIUM.

As botanical names take precedence according to the date of their publication, we
give, in accordance with the suggestion made in De Candolle’s recently published “Laws
of Botanical Nomenclature,” the precise dates at which the different parts of this work

have been issued :—

2nd edition

Part 1 page Ito 382, July 24, 1865.
» 2 5 383— 64, Dec, 11, 1866,
» 3 5 65 —112, Jan. 22, 1867.
» 4 ,, 1138 — 160, ditto.

, 5 4, 161 — 208, July 8, 1867.
» 6 ,, 209 — 256, ditto.

» 7 4, 257 — 804, Oct. 4, 1867.
» 8 ,, 805 — 852, Nov. 8, 1867.
» 9 ,, 8538 — 402, Jan. 29, 1868.

and

10,

408 — 482, April, 1868.

» 483 — 559, Oct., 1874.

Appendix

WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.0.

Tas. L

Fig. 1, Puaryzoma.—a, portion of afrond ; 6, pinne (underside) ;
c, fertile pinna laid open, showing veins and a sorus; d, capsule.

Fig. 2. Guercnenta.—a, § Eugleichenia; b, sorus of ditto; «,
§ Mertensia; d, sorus; e, capsule.

Fig. 3. THyRsopreris.—a, sterile, and 6, fertile pinnules ; ¢, sorus
and involucre; d, the same cut through vertically ; ¢, capsule.

Fig. 4. Cyvaraua.—a, fertile pinnule; 6, sorus and involucre ;
c, involucre from which the capsules have fallen.

Fig. 5. Hemrretia.—a, § Amphicosmia ; 6, § Euhemitelia ; ¢, sorus,
with the scale-like involucre.

Fig. 6. AtsorHina.—a, fertile segment; 6, sorus cut through
vertically ; c, capsule,

Fig. 7. DracauPe.—a, fertile pinnule ; 6, sorus, with perfect invo-
lucre ; c, the same, with the involucre bursting open ; d, capsule.

Fig. 8. Matonta.—a, segments, with 2 sori; 6, ¢, single sori,
covered with the involucre; d, involucre laid open, showing the
sorus ; ¢, ditto, the sorus removed ; f, capsule.

Fig. 9. Onoctza.—a, }, sterile segment, of § Euonoclea; ¢,
fertile pinna of ditto; d, single fertile pinnule, enclosing the sori
and involucres. (§ Struthiopteris has free venation.)

Fig. 10. Hypoprrris.—a, portion of a fertile frond ; 6, sorus and
involucre.

Fig. 11. Woopsia.—a, § Euwoodsia; 6. involucre; ¢, § Physe-
matium ; d, sorus and involucre of the same.

Fig. 12. SpHarRopreris.—a, fertile pinnule ; 8, sorus and stalked
involucre ; c, ditto, seen from the underside.

REE
$3; Fyre pista ree rer
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S i i i Fe Breese ERE S 2
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