Cornell Aniversity Hibvary

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME |
FROM THE

SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND

THE GIFT OF
Henry W. Sage

1891

AISISIG BLL

8441

RETURN TO

ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY

ITHACA, N.Y.

European and N. American Bryineae (mosse

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000641237

European and N - American
| Beyines (Mosses)

~ deseribed .

Linkoeping, Sweden.

ic DM Saklstroms Bookselling

(Cc. 7. Zickerman)..

Sa

‘Subseribers: are “pleased to pay the - ‘sum to the nailishen
~ when they have received this first part. ,

Spee Ae ee

Linkdpings.
Li inkdpings Tithografisike Altiebolag 1897.

te

GENERA

Or

EUROPEAN AND NORTHAMERICAN

BRYINEA

(MOSSES)

SYNOPTICALLY DISPOSED

BY

N. C. KINDBERG.

Cay?
S,
‘s

GOTEBORG
D. F. BONNIERS BOKTRYCKERI AKTIEBOLAG
1897.

PREFACE.

The present treatise is an introduction to a synopti-
cal Moss-Flora-of Europe and N. America, ready as
manuscript.

It is an’ essay to define all here belonging genera of
Bryineze and to dispose themselves in natural families
with attention also to exotic genera and species. To clear
their natural affinity [ have often found that the com-
mon habit (»habitus») of the plants indicates the place
in the system; it is also a »criterium« not to depreciate.

To state »a priori» the vegetable organs, of which
the characters are to be chosen, does not agree with
nature. There are to be found in a certain genus constant
characters, which in another are very variable. »Cha-
racter non dabit speciem, sed species characterem >».

Recent bryologists have attached too great an im-
portance to the organisation of the peristome. The exo-
stome (the outer or the simple peristome) is in many
genera, also in individuals, variable. The endostome of
the capsule gives indeed good constant characters also
in exotic, by the author examined genera and species.

Sterile specimens, so often occurring. ought not to
be neglected. A trained bryologist, well-intimate with
the organisation of the moss-leaves, can sometimes find
new species, as well characterized, as if the specimens
were fertile.

The author was beginning his bryological studies in
Sweden already 1851; bryology was his speciality 1879.

4

I have made longer travels for this purpose also in
Norway (9 summers in the alpine district), in the Pyrenees
1855, in northern Italy 1888, in the Switzerland 1888,
1889, 1892 and 1898, also several times in Germany.

My collections have been augmented by contributions
from many bryologists. Many typical specimens, collected
by Austin, Berggren, Bottini, Breidler, Brotherus, Cardot,
Drummond, Hartman, Howe, James, Lesquereux, Levier,
Lindberg, Lorentz, Milde, Philibert, Renauld, Roell, Schim-
per, Sullivant, Venturi, Zetterstedt and others, have been
very useful.

I have also received larger collections by D:r C.
Mueller (mostly exotic species), Mr J. Husnot (Musci Gallie),
the Rev:d A. C. Waghorne (about 1,000 specimens from
Labrador and N. Foundland), D:r V. F. Brotherus (mostly
from Finland), D:r E. Levier (from Spain and Portugal),
Mr J. M. Macoun (from Alaska), D:r T. Heldreich (from
Greece), Prof. J. Arcangeli (from Italy), Messrs G. A. Holt
and T. Rogers (from Britain), D:r R. Gyllencreutz (from
Spetsbergen).

I wish therefore to thank sincerely my friends and
correspondents for valuable assistance, especially D:r Mueller,
which had the benevolence to examine the greater part
of my new American species (more than 200), and Prof.
Macoun, having sent about 7,000 specimens, collected in
N. America in long travels during many years.

Linkoeping, Sweden 12 octob. 1896.
N. Conr. Kindberg.

Ser. 1. Pleurocarpous.

Capsule lateral upon the stem or the branches, re-
gularly dehiscing by a deciduous lid.

Stem usually very much ramose and depressed to
the substrate, sometimes ascending, less often erect, rarely
quite straight.

In Hedwigia the capsule is generally terminal.

Tribe 1. Tricholepidez.

Segments of the endostome (inner peristome) cilii-
form without keel or longitudinal line, free (neither connate
nor united).

Capsule symmetric and erect; pedicel smooth. Leaves
not distichous Stem (except Lindbergia) without para-
phyllia.

Sometimes the endostome or the whole peristome
is wanting.

A. Leaves limbate by short cells; special alar cells
generally not defined; inner cells seriate. Capsule often
immersed.

Fam. 1. COrypheeacee.

Leaves smooth or papillose: borders recurved. Peri-
stome sometimes simple or wanting. Calyptra cucullate
or mitriform. Branches julaceous or subjulaceous.

B. Leaves not limbate; alar cells subquadrate ; inner
cells not seriate. Capsule not immersed.

[or]

Fan. 2. Anomodontacez.

Leaves generally papillose; borders sometimes recur-
ved; upper and middle cells oval-rhombie or rotundate;
costa simple. Peristome double or (in Lindbergia) simple.
Calyptra cucullate.

Fam. 3. Fabroniacez.

Leaves smooth; borders not (or faintly near the base)
recurved; upper cells suboblong or narrower. Peristome
mostly simple. Calyptra cucullate. Plants mostly small,
not tree-like.

Fam. 4. Endotrichacee.

Leaves smooth; borders not or indistinctly recurved ;
upper cells lanceolate-linear. Peristome double. Calyptra
mitriform. Plants robust; stem tree-like.

Tribe 2. Dicholepidee.

Endostomial segments carinate or marked with a
longitudinal line, not united.

A. Stenolepidece. Endostomial segments narrow
(distinctly narrower than the exostomial teeth).

Capsule symmetric, not curved. Calyptra sometimes
mitriform. Leaves not falcate.

a. Distichophylle. Leaves distichous.

Capsule sometimes immersed. Leaves smooth (not
papillose).

Fam. 5. Neckeracee.

Upper leaf-cells generally short and wide. Pedicel
of the capsule smooth. Calyptra cucullate or (in one
species) mitriform. Stem sometimes with paraphyllia.

b. Polystichophylle. Leaves plurifarious.

Capsule exserted; pedicel smooth or (in Daltonia
and Helicodontium) rough. Leaves often papillose.

Fam. 6. Leptodontacez.
Stem tree-like; branches often circinnate; paraphyllia
often present. Leaves smooth; cells more or less dilated.
Calyptra cucullate.

Fam. 7. Meteoriaceze.

Stem pendent, without paraphyllia. Leaves papillose;
cells very small, dilated or narrow. Calyptra mitriform
or cucullate. Dioecious, very rarely fruiting.

Fam. 8. Hookeriacez.

Stem neither tree-like nor pendent; paraphyllia none.
Leaves smooth or (in Callicostella) papillose; cells mostly
dilated. Calyptra mitriform. Monoecious or polygamous.

Fam. 9. Leskeacez.

Stem decumbent, often with paraphyllia. Leaves
mostly papillose; cells usually dilated. Calyptra cucullate.

Fam. 10. Entodontacez.

Stem generally decumbent, rarely ascending but not.
tree-like; paraphyllia none. Leaves smooth; cells mostly
narrow. Calyptra cucullate.

B. Platylepidece. Endostomial segments broad.

Capsule often asymmetric or curved. Calyptra cucul-
late. Leaves sometimes falcate.

a. Primary stem rhizomatic, mostly subterranean;
secondary stems generally tree-like and suberect or ascend-
ing.

Leaves neither papillose nor falcate.

Fam. 11. Climaciacee.

* Capsule symmetric or asymmetric; pedicel mostly
smooth. Stem often with paraphyllia. Leaf-cells mostly
narrow. Branch-leaves often strongly serrate.

b. Stem not tree-like, generally decumbent.

Fam. 12. Thuidiacee.

Capsule generally asymmetric or curved; pedicel
generally smooth. Stem often with paraphyllia. Leaves
usually papillose, not distichous, rarely faleate; cells mostly
dilated.

Fam. 13. Hypnacez.

Capsule sometimes symmetric, more often asymme-
tric or curved; pedicel often rough. Stem mostly without
paraphyllia. Leaves not papillose, sometimes distichous,
often falcate; cells mostly narrow.

Tribe 3. Symphyolepidee.

Endostome cancellate by in upper part united seg-
ments.
Fam. 14. Fontinalacez.

Capsule symmetric, often immersed. Calyptra conic
or cucullate. Leaves smooth, often tristichous, sometimes
faleate; cells narrow. Plants growing in water.

Ser. 2. Acrocarpous.

Capsule (generally) terminal upon the stem or the
branches. Stem usually straight and erect, mostly simple
or sparingly branching.

The capsule is lateral in Anoectangium, Mielich-
hoferia, Schlotheimia, Macromitrium, Rhizogonium and
Barbula squarrosa. The stem is decumbent and much
ramose (as in the pleurocarpous) in several Grimmiacee,
Orthotrichaceee and Fissidentacece, also in Cinclidotus ;
in Leucolepis tree-like.

Tribe 1. Stegocarpous.

Capsule with a distinct, generally deciduous lid.

Subtribe 1. Filicoideze astome.

Stem frondiform, more or less divided in nerveless |
lobes. Peristome none.

Fam. 15. Schistostegacee.

Capsule very small. Calyptra conic. Prothallium
persistent.

Subtribe 2. Ptychophylle astome.
Stem with subcomplicate leaves. Peristome none.

Fam. 16. Hustichiacee.

Leaves distichous, narrowly alate at the costa: inner
cells irregularly polygonal, the marginal ones narrow.

Subtribe 3, Haplostome.
Stem with not complicate leaves. Peristome simple,
sometimes wanting.
Section 1. Anarthrodontc. Peristomial teeth solid,
not articulate.

Fam. 17. Polytrichacee,

Peristomial teeth 32 or 64, small and linguiform.
Leaves with narrow lamellz near the costa; upper cells
roundish.

Fam. 18. Georgiacez.

Peristomial teeth 4, large and nearly subulate. Leaves
not lamellate.

Section 2. Arthrodonte. Peristomial teeth trans-
versely articulate.

A. Leaves distichous, with two broad and embracing
stipular appendages (wings) at the base.

Fam. 19. Fissidentacez.

Peristomial teeth 16, usually cleft. Leaf-cells round-
hexagonal or the marginal ones narrow. Plants growing
on earth, seldom in springs and rivers.

B. Leaves plurifarious or (in Distichium) distichous,
without stipular appendages.

Leaves sometimes papillose or mamillose, not rarely
smooth. Plants seldom growing on trees.

10

a. Leaves generally not papillose (exc. some species
of Grimmia and Racomitrium). Peristomial teeth not
contorted.

aa. Peristomial teeth with a longitudinal line.

Fam. 20. Splachnacez.

Calyptra conic or subcucullate, very small. Peristo-
mial teeth generally entire, seldom finally split. Leaves
smooth, flaccid and faintly hygroscopic.

Capsule straight with a swollen neck or an umbra-
culiform appendage (apophysis) Leaves broad; cells usually
pellucid and large, the alar ones not defined. Plants often
robust, usually growing on animal dung or rotten animals,
rarely on rocks or trees.

Fam. 21. Dicranacee.

Calyptra cucullate, large or long. Peristomial teeth
generally cleft. Leaves not flaccid, sometimes mamillose.

Capsule often curved, generally narrow. Leaves
mostly narrow and subulate-acuminate, often setiform; cells
more or less pellucid, the alar ones often dilated and ‘sub-
quadrate. Tufts usually compact and very radiculose.
Plants often robust, growing in swamps and woods, less
often on rocks or trees.

bb. Peristomial teeth without longitudinal line.

Fam. 22. Seligeriacee.

Calyptra cucullate. Peristomial teeth not cleft. Leaves
smooth, not opake.

Capsule straight, short and thick. Leaves generally
setiform and subulate-acuminate without hairpoint; cells
more or less pellucid, the alar ones sometimes (in Blindta)
dilated and subquadrate, often not defined. Plants mostly
small and not densely (exc. Blindia) tufted, growing on
rocks.

Fam. 23. Grimmiacez.

. Calyptra mostly mitriform, sometimes cucullate. Peri-

11

stomial teeth often entire (or rimose), sometimes cleft.
Leaves opake, sometimes papillose.

Capsule straight, sometimes narrow, without distinct
neck. Leaves mostly narrow and not subulate-acuminate,
often with hairpoint; cells small, often with sinuous walls,
the upper opake but generally not well-defined from the
lower ones; alar (subquadrate) cells not rarely distinct.

Tufts often dense and pulvinate. Plants not seldom
small, generally growing on rocks.

b. Leaves generally papillose and opake above.
Peristomial teeth often contorted.

Fam. 24. Weisiacez.

Calyptra cucullate, deciduous. Peristomial teeth mostly
without a longitudinal line, sometimes wanting.

Capsule generally straight, often narrow, without (exc.
Dermatodon)\ prominent neck; teeth either partite to the
basal tube or deeply cleft, less often entire. Leaves mostly
broad, often crisped when dry; upper cells very small,
well-defined from the lower ones; alar cells not distinct
or forming a margin near the base; cellwalls (exc. Gehee-
bia) not sinuous. Tufts often loose. Plants mostly gro-
wing on earth and stones, often sterile.

Fam. 25. Calymperacez

Calyptra persistent, dehiscing with longitudinal slits
above, constricted below the unripe capsule. Peristome
none.

Capsule straight and oval without neck. Leaves
narrow and convolute, crisped or cirrate in dry state;
upper cells very small. Tufts often loose. Plants growing
on trees, rarely fruiting.

Subtribe 4. Diplostome.
Peristome generally double.
Section 1. Stenolepidew. Endostomial segments nar-
row, rarely confluent above. Peristomial teeth articulate.
Leaves not complicate.

12

A. Leaves generally papillose and opake above;
upper cells mostly small and well-defined from the lower
ones Tufts dense. Calyptra rarely cucullate.

Fam. 20. Encalyptacez.

Calyptra long-acuminate, cylindric. Basal leaf-cells
finally rufous.

Capsule cylindric, often not necked. Calyptra not
hairy but often rough. Leaves entire, sometimes with
hairpoint. Plants growing on earth and stones. Habit
of Barbula (Syntrichia).

Fam. 27. Orthotrichacez,

Calyptra short-apiculate, usually mitriform (conic or
campanulate), rarely cucullate. Basal leafcells not rufous.

Capsule oval-oblong or subcylindric, mostly with
distinct neck. Calyptra generally hairy. Leaves usually
entire, very seldom with hairpoint. Plants often pulvinate,
usually growing on trees, sometimes on rocks. Habit of
Grimmia. .

B. Leaves generally smooth and not opake; cells
nearly uniform. Tufts sometimes loose. Calyptra cucullate.
Plants growing in swamps or on rocks.

Fam. 28. Meeseacesze.

Capsule oblique, generally with long neck; endosto-
mial segments free.

Leaves mostly serrate, not or indistinctly limbate,
resembling those of Bryum in the areolation.

Fam. 29. Cinclidiaceze.

Capsule not oblique; neck short and thick or indi-
stinct; endostomial segments connate above to a convex
cupula.

Leaves entire, (usually broadly) limbate, resembling
those of Mnium punctatum.

Section 2. Platylepidece. Endostomial segments
broad, not confluent; teeth articulate. Leaves not compli-
cate.

13

A. Leaves generally papillose or mamillose; cells
sometimes diversiform. Capsule with indistinct or short
neck. -

Fam. 30. Bartramiacez.

Calyptra cucullate, entire, not inflate. Capsule sub-
globose or finally oblique; teeth often without longitudinal
line; endostome sometimes with cilia. Tufts dense. Leaves
mostly narrow. Plants perennial, growing on rocks or
in swamps.

B. Leaves generally smooth (in Aulacomnium and
Timmia sometimes papillose); cells polygonal, nearly
uniform or gradually passing to the longer basal ones.
Capsule often necked.

Fam. 31. Funariacez.
Calyptra inflate. Peristomial teeth without longitudi-
nal line; endostome without cilia.
Calyptra often split or lobulate at base, mitriform
or cucullate. Leaves very thin. Plants generally annual,
small and not tufted, growing on earth.

Fam. 32. Bryacez.

Calyptra not inflate. Peristomial teeth with longi-
tudinal line; endostome often with cilia.

Calyptra entire, cucullate. Plants generally perennial,
mostly tufted, growing on earth and stone, sometimes in
swamps, less often on trees.

Section 3. Pseud-Arthrodontce. Endostomial seg-
ments wholly confluent to a plicate membrane; teeth in-
completely articulate or wanting. Leaves not complicate,
sometimes very small and nearly indistinct.

Fam. 33. Buxbaumiacee.

Plants small. Stem often indistinct.

Tribe 2. Schizocarpous.

Capsule dehiscing by 4 longitudinal slits, cohering
above. Peristome none.

14

Fam. 34. Andrezeacee.

Leaves often papillose; cells small, the upper short.
Capsule blackish. Habit of Grimmia (Schistidium).

Tribe 3. Cleistocarpous.

Capsule not dehiscing; lid not distinct. Plants mostly
small.

Fam. 35. Bruchiacee.

Leaves narrow; cells elongate. Capsule often (princi-
pally in American species) necked. Prothallium often per-
sistent. Habit of Trematodon and Dicranella.

Fam. 36. Voitiaceee.

Leaves broad, entire and flaccid, smooth; cells large
and wide. Capsule without distinct neck. Habit of
Splachnum.

Fam. 37. Physcomitrellacez.

Leaves broad, serrate and flaccid, smooth; cells
polygonal, nearly uniform, the upper short. Capsule necked.
Calyptra inflate. Habit of Physcomitrium.

Fam. 38. Phascacee.

Leaves generally broad, often entire, not seldom
papillose; upper cells short. Capsule without neck. Habit
of Pottia.

Fam. 1. Cryphzeaceze

A. Leaves nerveless, generally entire (or indistinctly
sinuolate above).

1. Hedwigia. Capsule generally terminal, often
immersed; peristome none; calyptra submitriform or cucul-
late, sometimes hairy. Leaves papillose; upper cells suboval-
oblong. Monoecious or synoecious.

15

2. Leucodon. Capsule lateral, mostly exserted ;
teeth whitish; endostome wanting or rudimentary; calyptra
cucullate, glabrous. Leaves smooth; upper cells oblong
or lanceolate. Dioecious.

B. Leaves costate, sometimes denticulate.

a. Costa of the leaves simple. Monoecious.

3. Forsstroemia. Capsule often exserted; peristome:
simple without endostome; calyptra cucullate, hairy. Leaves.
indistinctly papillose; upper cells suboval.

4. Cryphea. Capsule immersed; peristome double;
calyptra papillose above, mitriform or cucullate. Leaves
papillose; upper cells short or elongate.

b. Costa of the leaves divided into 3 or 5 branches.
Dioecious.

5. Antitrichia. Capsule exserted; peristome double;
calyptra cucullate, glabrous. Leaves smooth; upper cells.
mostly narrow.

Fam. 2. Anomodontacez (new fam.)

6. Anomodon. Endostomial segments mostly short.
Leaves generally entire. Stem without paraphyllia. Dioe-
cious.

7. Lindbergia (new genus). Endostome wanting.
Leaves denliculate at acumen. Stem with paraphyllia.
Monoecious.

Fam. 3. Fabroniacee.

A. Peristome simple, rarely (in one species of
Fabronia) wanting. Plants small.

a. Leaves serrate or fimbriate. Capsule not annulate;
calyptra unripe mitriform, finally split at one side and
cucullate.

8. Fabronia. Lid of the capsule not rostrate; teeth
with longitudinal line, often united in pairs. Costa of
the leaves simple or indistinct. Monoecious.

b. Leaves entire or (above) minutely denticulate.
Capsule annulate; calyptra cucullate.

16

9. Clasmatodon. lid of the capsule rostellate;
teeth irregular and narrow, generally without longitudinal
line, sometimes split below. Leaves sometimes denticulate
above; costa simple. Monoecious.

10. Habrodon. Lid of the capsule conic, not. ro-
stellate; teeth with longitudinal line. Leaves entire, nerve-
less. Dioecious.

B. Peristome double. Leaves somewhat large.

11. Anacamptodon. Lid of the capsule rostellate;
teeth united in pairs (as in Orthotrichum), with longi-
tudinal line; annulus none; pedicel long. Leaves entire;
‘costa simple. Monoecious.

Fam. 4. Endotrichacez (new fam.)

12. Pterobryum. Leaves nearly entire; inner cells
‘sublinear; costa long and simple.

Fam. 5. Neckeracee.

13. Neckera. Capsule sometimes immersed; cilia
wanting. Leaves not truncate above, often undulate; costa
mostly short and double. Stem usually pinnate, often
with flagellate branches, sometimes with paraphyllia. Mostly
dioecious.

14. Neckeropsis. Capsule immersed. Leaves trun-
cate, sometimes undulate; costa simple. Stem irregularly
branching without flagelle and paraphyllia. Synoecious.
Calyptra sometimes mitriform.

15. Porotrichum. Capsule exserted; cilia appen-
diculate. Leaves neither truncate nor undulate: costa
simple. Stem subpinnate with paraphyllia. Dioecious.

Fam. 6. Leptodontacezs (new fam.)

16. Leptodon. Capsule scarcely exserted. Leaves
not limbate. Branches (secondary stems) involute-circinnate
when dry; paraphyllia present.

17. Macouniella (new genus). Capsule distinctlf
exserted. Leaves limbate to the acumen by round-quadrate
cells. Branches not circinnate; paraphyllia wanting.

17

‘Fam. 7. Meteoriacez,

18. Papillaria. Alar leaf-cells numerous; inner
‘cells dilated; costa short and double.

19. Meteorium. Alar leaf-cells -few; inner cells
sublinear; costa simple.

Fam. 8. Hookeriacez.

I. Hookeriece. Capsule and pedicel smooth. Upper
leaf-cells very dilated.

A. Leaves with 2 long nerves, generally narrowly
limbate; upper cells round-hexagonal.

20. Hookeria. Weaves smooth; cells large; nerves
not spiniform. Calyptra lobulate at base. Monoecious
or polygamous.

21. Callicostella. Leaves papillose; cells not large;
nerves spiniform. Calyptra fringed. Monoecious.

B. Leaves not or obsoletely costate, not distinctly
limbate; upper cells oval-hexagonal.

22. Pterygophyllum. Leaves smooth; cells large.
Calyptra lobulate at base. Monoecious.

Il. Daltoniew. Capsule and pedicel rough. Upper
leaf-cells suboblong.

23. Daltonia. Leaves smooth, broadly limbate; costa
long and simple. Calyptra fringed below the narrow point.
Monoecious or synoecious.

Fam. 9. Leskeacez.

A. Leaves with papilliferous cilia.

24. Thelia. Leaves strongly papillose, from the
broadly round-ovate base abruptly tapering to the long
acumen, not recurved; upper and middle cells rotundate;
costa short. Stem often with numerous paraphyllia; bran-
ches erect and julaceous.

B. Leaves not ciliate.

a. Stem with paraphyllia. Leaves often papillose.

25. Pterygynandrum. Leaves papillose; upper cells
suboblong, the inner ones: narrower; costa short, simple

2

18

or double. Paraphyllia few. Endostomial segments often
rudimentary. Dioecious.

26. Leskea. Leaves papillose; cells rotundate-qua-
drate; costa long. Paraphyllia numerous. Endostomial seg-
ments rimose. Monoecious.

27. Lescurea. Leaves smooth or (seldom) faintly
papillose; cells lanceolate-linear; costa long. Paraphyllia
not numerous. Endostomial segments entire, very narrow.
Dioecious.

b. Stem without paraphyllia. Leaves smooth; middle
and upper cells dilated, suboblong or oval; costa mostly
simple.

28. Myrinia. Pedicel of the capsule smooth. Leaves
entire.

29. Helicodontium. Pedicel of the capsule rough.
Leaves serrulate.

Fam. 10. Hntodontacez (new fam.)

I. Apterygiee. All leaf-cells narrow, linear; costa
indistinct.

30. Holmgrenia. Leaves entire, usually shining;
lower basal cells mostly orange-colored. Capsule annulate.
Stem irregularly divided or simple. Dioecious, rarely
fruiting.

Il. Entodontee. Alar leaf-cells subquadrate; middle
cells generally narrow; costa short and double or indistinct.

A. Leaves not recurved, mostly obtusate; alar cells
usually large.

31. Entodon. Capsule generally erect; lid often
rostrate; annulus mostly broad; endostomial segments lower
than the teeth. Mostly monoecious.

B. Leaves recurved, acuminate and acute; alar cells
small.

32. Platygyrium. Capsule erect; lid seldom rost-
rate; annulus broad; endostomial segments not lower than
the teeth. Alar leaf-cells not numerous. Mostly dioe-
cious.

19

33. Tripterocladium. Capsule often cernuous; lid
not rostrate; (annulus not seen); endostome lower than
the teeth. Alar leaf-cells numerous. Mostly monoecious.

Fam. 11. Climaciacez (new fam.)

A. Capsule symmetric; pedicel smooth. Branch-
leaves generally serrate.

I. Climaciece. Branches with numerous paraphyllia.
Columella of the capsule exserted. Endostome without cilia.

34. Climacium. Inner leaf-cells narrow; alar cells
short, numerous, often finally reddish; costa simple. The
naked part of the stem usually long; branches simple,
fasciculate.

II. Jsotheciece. Branches without paraphyllia. Colu-
mella of the capsule not exserted. Endostome often with
cilia.

35. Alsia. Leaves not mamillose; inner cells narrow,
the alar ones numerous; costa simple. Cilia of the endo-
stome appendiculate; segments long.

36. Jsothecium. Leaves (principally the uppermost)
mamillose above; inner cells mostly narrow, the upper
ones sometimes dilated; alar cells not numerous; costa
simple. Cilia of the endostome seldom appendiculate ;
segments long.

37. Pterogonium. Leaves mamillose; inner cells
suboval, the alar ones very numerous; costa short and
double. Segments of the endostome short; cilia wanting.

B. Capsule generally asymmetric; pedicel sometimes
rough. Branch-leaves sometimes entire or denticulate.

Ill. Hylocomiece. Upper and middle leat-cells narrow.

38. Hylocomium. Endostome with cilia. Pedicel
of the capsule often rough. Alar leaf-cells generally not
large, sometimes indistinct; costa mostly double. Stem
pinnate or bi-tripinnate; the naked part not long; para-
phyllia sometimes wanting.

39. Girgensohnia. Endostome without cilia. Pedicel
of the capsule smooth. Alar leaf-cells very large; costa

20

simple. Stem bi-tripinnate; the naked part long; para-
phyllia numerous.

IV. Thamniece. Upper leaf-cells generally round-
rhombic, the middle suboval.

40. Thamnium. Endostome with appendiculate cilia.
Pedicel of the capsule smooth. Alar leaf-cells few, small
and not much distinct; costa simple. Stem with fasciculate
branches or pinnate; the naked part mostly long; para-
phyllia none.

Fam. 12. Thuidiacez (new fam.)

A. Costa of the leaves short, mostly double, or
indistinct.

a. Leaves erect or appressed when moist, not
recurved; costa double or indistinct. Capsule suberect.
Branches erect; paraphyllia wanting.

41. Myurella. Leaves cochleariform; cells rotun-
date. Branches julaceous.

b. Leaves patent or spreading when moist, some-
times recurved; costa sometimes simple. Capsule usually
inclined. Branches decumbent; paraphyllia few or wanting.

42. Heterocladium. Leaves spreading and claviculi-
form or subfalcate when moist, generally dimorphous;
those of the stem seldom appressed when dry; middle cells
oval-oblong.

43. Pseudoleskeella (new genus.) Leaves not sprea-
ding when moist, appressed when dry, not seldom homo-
morphous; cells generally round-oval.

B. Costa of the leaves long and simple, mostly
subpercurrent.

44. Pseudoleskea. Leaves homomorphous. Stem
not regularly pinnate.

Leaves sometimes not papillose, not seldom falcate,
mostly patent when dry; cells oval-oblong or narrower.
Stem usually with paraphyllia.

45. Thuidium. Leaves dimorphous. Stem pinnate.

Leaves usually papillose, not falcate, appressed or

21

crisped when dry; cells mostly round-oval, less often sub-
oblong, seldom narrower. Paraphyllia sometimes wanting,

Fam. 13. Hypnacez.

A. Capsule generally symmetric and erect, not
curved.

I. Pylaisiece. Leaves neither distichous nor falcate ;
angular or alar cells subquadrate; costa short and double
or indistinct. Endostomial segments sometimes partly con-
nate with the teeth; annulus mostly indistinct. Pedicel
of the capsule smooth. Monoecious.

46. Pylaisia. Endostomial segments reaching above
the teeth. Lid of the capsule not rostrate. Alar (angular)
leaf-cells small, usually green.

47. FPylaisiella (new genus). Endostomial segments
lower than the teeth. Lid of the capsule rostrate. Spe-
cial alar cells sometimes large and pellucid.

B. Capsule generally asymmetric and inclined or
curved.

Il. Raphidostegiee. Leaves not rarely subdisti-
chous, often incurved or subfalcate, acute, generally acu-
minate, mostly recurved at the borders; alar cells vesiculi-
form and rotundate, orange or hyaline; inner cells generally
narrow. Capsule usually small; lid rostrate; pedicel smooth.

48. Raphidostegium. Leaves usually small; costa
mostly indistinct. Stem without paraphyllia.

Ill. Plagiotheciece. Leaves generally distichous or
subdistichous by the complanate branches, not curved,
seldom recurved at the borders; alar cells polygonal or
indistinct; inner cells generally narrow. Lid of the cap-
sule sometimes rostrate; pedicel usually smooth. Stem
sometimes (in some species of Rhynchostegium) with
paraphyllia.

a. Leaves mamillose above.

49. Rhynchostegium. Leaves acuminate and acute;
cells not seriate; costa often simple. Lid of the capsule
usually rostrate. Stem often with paraphyllia.

22

50. Taxithelium. Leaves obtusate or short-acumi-
nate; cells seriate; costa indistinct. Lid of the capsule
not rostrate. Stem without paraphyllia.

b. Leaves not mamillose. Stem without paraphyllia.

51. Plagiothecium. Lid of the capsule usually not
rostrate. Alar leaf-cells not numerous, often indistinct;
apical cells narrow; costa mostly indistinct or short and
double.

52. Stereophyllum. Lid of the capsule rostellate.
Alar leaf-cells small but very numerous; upper cells sub-
oval; costa long and simple.

IV. Amblystegiece. Leaves neither distichous nor
falcate, rarely recurved at the borders; alar cells polygonal
or indistinct; middle cells generally oval-oblong. Lid of
the capsule noi rostrate; pedicel smooth. Stem without
paraphyllia. — Tufts usually not shining. Leaves mostly
small.

53. Amblystegium. Leaves not limbate, all acu-
minate and acute; costa often short and double (or indi-
stinct).

54. Platyloma (new genus). Leaves broadly lim-
bate by linear cells, those of the branches obtusate; costa
long and simple.

V. Hypnec. Leaves generally not distichous, often
falcate; alar cells polygonal or indistinct; upper and middle
cells generally narrow. Lid of the capsule often rostrate;
pedicel often rough. Stem less often with paraphyllia.

Here belonging genera are rather subgenera of Hyp-
num and not wholly distinct.

a. Leaves generally obtusate (at least those of the
stem), not triangular; costa often short and double. Lid
of the capsule not rostrate; pedicel smooth. Stem without
paraphyllia.

55. Calliergon (new genus). Leaves of the bran-
ches sometimes falcate.

b. Leaves acuminate and acute, generally triangular,
not falcate; costa long and simple. Lid of the capsule

23

often apiculate; pedicel usually rough, Stem rarely (in
one species) with paraphyllia.

56. Camptothecium. Leaves plicate below, recurved
at the borders; alar cells small, generally impressed at
the basal angles. Capsule sometimes straight. Tufts often
shining. Mostly dioecious.

c. Leaves acuminate and acute, arrounded or decur-
rent at base, not triangular, rarely falcate; costa generally
long and simple. Lid of the capsule often rostrate; pedicel
often rough. Stem rarely (in few species) with paraphyllia.

57. Eurhynchium. Leaves mamillose above (at least
the younger ones), rarely plicate, not or faintly (near the
base) recurved; costa simple. Lid of the capsule often
rostrate; pedicel often rough. Stem often pinnate.

58. Brachythecium. Leaves not mamillose above,
often plicate in the middle and recurved at the borders;
costa simple. Lid of the capsule rarely (in few species)
rostrate; pedicel often rough. Stem generally not regularly
pinnate.

59. Campylium. Leaves not mamillose above, not
plicate, generally not recurved, often spreading; costa
mostly short and double (or indistinct). Lid of the capsule
not rostrate; pedicel smooth. Stem sometimes pinnate,
paraphyllia wanting.

d. Leaves acuminate and acute, neither triangular
nor falcate; costa short and double or indistinct. Lid of
the capsule often rostrate; pedicel smooth. Stem usually
with numerous paraphyllia.

60. Heterophyllon (new genus). Leaves mamillose
above. :

e. Leaves acuminate or apiculate, acute, not falcate,
with a cordate, broadly auricled base; costa simple, double
or indistinct. Lid of the capsule rostrate; pedicel smooth.
Stem without paraphyllia.

61. Myurium. Branches julaceous. Plants robust.
Areolation of the leaves variable. -

f. Leaves acute and subulate-acuminate, generally

24

falcate. Lid of the capsule rarely rostrate; pedicel smooth
or (in one species) faintly rough above. Stem sometimes
with paraphyllia.

62. Hypnum. Leaves often mamillose above, less
often. recurved at the borders. Stem often pinnate.

Fam. 14. Fontinalacee.

I. Fontinalece. Leaves nerveless, not faleate. Cap-
sule immersed; lid not often rostrate; calyptra conic.

63. Fontinalis. Peristome long. Leaves not lim-
bate, often tristichous; alar cells more or less distinct.
Dioecious or (rarely) paroecious.

Il. Dichelymece Leaves costate and falcate. Cap-
sule mostly exserted; lid rostrate; calyptra cucullate.

64. Dichelyma. Capsule mostly exserted; teeth
long; calyptra large. Leaves usually not limbate; alar
cells nearly indistinct; costa often excurrent. Dioecious.

65. Brachelyma. Capsule immersed; teeth short;
ealyptra very small and short. Leaves limbate; costa not
excurrent.

Fam. 15. Schistostegacez.
66. Schistostega. Capsule pedicellate, subglobose.
Fam.-16. Hustichiacez.
67. Lustichia. Capsule pedicellate, globose.

Fam. 17. Polytrichacez.

_A. . Leaves limbate by narrow cells, not. sheathing.

68. Catharinea. Leaves not lamelliferous at back,.
not contracted above the base, usually long, always flaccid,
crisped when. dry; lamelle few, not sinuolate. Capsule
symmetric without angles and appendage (apophysis), not
papillose ; calyptra glabrous or at apex rough, long-acumi-:
nate. Sometimes paroecious, mostly dioecious..

B. Leaves not limbate, usually sheathing. Dioecious..

a. Leaves with sinuolate or serrate lamelle.

25

69. Oligotrichum. Leaves lamelliferous on both
sides, not contracted above the base, more or less crisped;
lamellz not numerous, those of the upper side sinuolate,
those of the under side usually serrate. Capsule sub-
symmetric without angles and apophysis; calyptra sparingly
hairy or glabrous.

70. Psilopilum. Leaves not lamelliferous at back,
contracted above the base, rigid; lamelle numerous, sinu-
olate. Capsule asymmetric without angles and apophysis;
ealyptra glabrous.

71. Bartramiopsis (new genus). Leaves not lamellife-
rous at back, long-ciliate near the sheathing base, flaccid,
more or. less crisped when dry; lamelle few, serrate.
Capsule without angles and apophysis; teeth, lid and
calyptra unknown.

b. Leaves lamellate only at the upper side; lamelle
neither sinuolate nor serrate.

72. Catharinella (new genus). Leaves not con-
tracted above the (more or less or not sheathing) base,
flaccid, crisped when dry; lamellz numerous, not densely:
cohering. Capsule papillose without angles and apophysis;
calyptra densely hairy, short-acuminate.

' 73. Polytrichum. Leaves abruptly contracted above
the distinct sheath, often rigid, sometimes incurved, not
crisped; lamelle densely. cohering, seldom (in one species)
few (about 10), otherwise numerous. Capsule smooth or.
papillose, often with angles and apophysis; calyptra densely
hairy with a not long acumen, rarely (in one species)
sparingly hairy and long-acuminate.

Fam. 18. Georgiacez.

74, Georgia. Capsule exserted. Leaves smooth;
cells small, the’ upper short, hexagonal or oval. Plants
small, sometimes minute.

Fam. 19. Fissidentaceze.
75. Fissidens. Peristomial teeth united in pairs,

26

cleft. Pedicel of the capsule exserted. Jeaves usually
approached.

76. Conomitrium. Peristomial teeth not united in
pairs, entire or cleft. Pedicel of the capsule immersed.
Leaves very loosely disposed.

Fam. 20. Splachnacez.

I. Splachnece. Peristome present. Leaves not opake.

A. Capsule with a (mostly thicker) swollen neck
or an umbraculiform appendage (apophysis) of different
color; pedicel flaccid; teeth not split, usually deflexed
and appressed when dry. Spores small. Calyptra mostly
conic. Leaves not recurved, often subulate-acuminate;
costa not excurrent.

77. Splachnum. Peristomial teeth united below,
formed by 3 layers; columella exserted. Tufts loose.
Usually dioecious.

78. Haplodon (new genus}. Peristomial teeth di-
stant, formed by 2 layers; columella not exserted. Tufts
dense. Monoecious.

B. Capsule with a swollen neck of same color;
pedicel rigid. Calyptra subcucullate. Tufts usually dense.

a. Leaves subulate-acuminate, not recurved; costa
often excurrent. Capsule narrower than the neck; teeth
usually deflexed and appressed when dry; columella not
exserted.

79. Tetraplodon. Peristomial teeth united below,
formed by 2 layers. Usually monoecious. Spores small.

b. Leaves not subulate-acuminate, more or less
distinctly recurved below; costa rarely (in one species)
excurrent. Capsule thicker than the neck; teeth often
erect; columella often exserted.

80. Dissodon. Capsule with a claviform neck;
teeth entire, erect when dry. Leaves obtusate and obtuse,
entire or indistinctly denticulate above. Spores large,
about 0,03 or 0,04 mm. Sometimes synoecious.

81. Tayloria. Capsule with a subcylindric neck;

27

teeth sometimes (in 7. splachnoides) partite, mostly. de-
flexed when dry. Leaves acuminate, serrate above. Spores
small. Monoecious,

Il. Oecdipodiece. Peristome wanting. Leaves opake.
Pedicel of the capsule confluent with the neck.

82. Ocdipodium. Pedicel and neck of the capsule
tubular, whitish green, not rigid. Leaves obtuse and entire,
with long cilia at base; costa broad. Sometimes synoecious.

Fam. 21. Dicranacez.

A. Peristomial teeth 8.

I. Octoblepharec. Peristomial teeth entire, short
and pale yellowish. Capsule straight; pedicel short. Leaves
whitish and rigid, not mamillose; marginal cells numerous
at the base; costa very broad.

83. Octoblepharum. Plants small.

B. Peristomial teeth 16. Leaves whitish, nearly
filled by the costa; marginal cells obsolete.

Il. Leucobryece. Capsule curved; teeth bifid, long
and red; pedicel long. Leaves not mamillose, plurifarious.

84. Leucobryum. Plants generally robust.

C. Peristomial teeth 16. Leaves green, with distinct
cells on both sides of the costa. ,

a. Leaves distichous.

III. Distichiece. Capsule erect or inclined; teeth cleft.
Leaves sheathing; lower cells narrow, the upper quadrate;
alar cells not defined.

85. Distichium. Leaves long and narrow; costa
long-excurrent.

b. Leaves plurifarious.

aa. Leaf-cells dilated, the upper obliquely polygonal.

IV. Aongstroemiec. Capsule straight, very small;
teeth cleft. Leaves not mamillose, short and obtuse.

86. Aongstroemia. Capsule ovoid, not striate. Plants
very small.

bb. Leaf-cells narrow, at least the lower ones; the
upper rectangular, quadrate or suboblong-oval.

28

V. Trematodontece. Capsule curved; teeeth cleft
or entire. Leaves not mamillose; alar cells not defined.
Differs from other Dicranacece in the long neck of the
capsule.

87. Trematodon. Leaves mostly narrow.

Vi. Ditrichece. Capsule generally straight; teeth
partite with subfiliform legs. Leaves not mamillose, narrow;
cells narrow, the alar seldom distinct.

88. Ditrichum. Capsule usually-not sulcate when
dry. Habit of Dicranella.

VII. Cynodontiece. Capsule oblique or straight;
teeth cleft (in Cynodontium schisti mostly entire). Leaves
mamillose, mostly recurved, denticulate; upper cells sub-
quadrate; alar cells generally not well-defined ; costa narrow,
not excurrent. Calyptra not fimbriate.

89. Cynodontium. Leaves not sheathing. Capsule
mostly sulcate.

90. Dichodontium. Leaves sheathing. Capsule not
sulcate.

VIII. Dicranece. Capsule curved or straight; teeth
cleft or (in few species) partite with subulate legs. Leaves
generally not mamillose and not recurved, denticulate or
entire; alar cells (exc. some species of Campylopus)
well-defined. Leaves generally setiform and somewhat
rigid, sometimes crisped when dry. Plants mostly robust.

91. Dicranum. Calyptra not fimbriate. Leaves
without hairpoint; alar cells distinct; costa mostly narrow,
not often long-excurrent.. Pedicel of the capsule ( exc. 2
species) straight.

92. Campylopus. Calyptra fimbriate at base. Leaves
sometimes with hairpoint; alar cells sometimes not defined ;
costa mostly very broad and long-excurrent. Pedicel of
the capsule arcuate or flexuous. Not often fruiting.

IX. Dicranellece. Capsule curved or straight; teeth
cleft’ or entire. Leaves not mamillose, sometimes recur-
ved, denticulate or entire; alar cells not often distinct;

29

costa mostly narrow. Plants generally not large (exc.
Oncophorus and Oreas).

* Peristomial teeth cleft.

93. Dicranella. Capsule mostly curved, sometimes
strumose, often sulcate when dry. Leaves narrow, often
entire, sometimes sheathing; cells generally narrow, the
alar not (exc. D. rubra) defined; costa often excurrent,
seldom broad.

94, Dicranoweisia. Capsule straight and not stru-
mose (or, in one species, slightly curved and substrumose),
not sulcate. Leaves narrow, entire, not sheathing; upper
cells short; alar cells mostly distinct; costa narrow, rarely
excurrent.

95. Oncophorus. Capsule curved, strumose, not
sulcate. Leaves with a very broad and sheathing base,
often entire; upper cells short; alar cells not defined;
costa narrow, not excurrent. Plants mostly large.

** Peristomial teeth us. entire. Capsule straight,
striate, not strumose. Leaves narrow, denticulate; upper
cells short.

96. Rhabdoweisia. Capsule terminal; pedicel
straight. Costa of the leaves not excurrent. Plants small.

97. Oreas. Capsule lateral or sublateral; pedicel
arcuate. Costa of the leaves excurrent. Plants generally
large.

Fam. 22. Seligeriaceee.

I. Seligeriece. Alar leaf-cells not distinct. Plants
very small, generally not tufted. Monoecious.

98. Seligeria. Calyptra cucullate. Peristome usu-
ally well-evolute, in one species wanting.

99. Brachydontium. Calyptra submitriform and
lobate. Peristome rudimentary. Habit of Seligeria.

100. Trochobryum. Peristome rudimentary; teeth
very short and truncate. Calyptra cucullate. Leaves with
a very long-excurrent costa.

Il. Blindiece. Alar leaf-cells dilated, generally qua-

30

drate. Plants larger than the Seligeriec, tufted. Usually
dioecious.

101. Blindia. Peristome well-wolute or wanting.
Habit of Dicranella.

Fam. 23. Grimmiacez.

A. Capsule thin-walled, generally terminal; lid soon
deciduous, not thick.

l. Grimmiece. Lower leaf-cells rectangular or qua-
drate. Spores not large.

a. Calyptra not plicate, mitriform or (sometimes in
Grimmia) cucullate. Leaves not (exc. Grimmia ceespiticia)
distinctly sulcate. Capsule exserted or (sometimes in
Grimmia) immersed.

102. Grimmia. Peristome short; teeth often entire,
rarely rudimentary or wanting. Leaves often with hair-
point; cells (seldom all) sometimes with sinuous walls,
diversiform. Pedicel of the capsule generally not long,
sometimes curved. Stem mostly erect.

103. Racomitrium. Peristome long; teeth usually
partite. Leaves often with hairpoint; cells (mostly all,
exc. the alar ones) with sinuous walls, generally diversi-
form. Pedicel of the capsule straight, generally long.
Stem mostly decumbent or ascending.

104. Campylostelium. Peristome long; teeth more or
less cleft, incurved when dry. Leaves without hairpoint;
cells rectangular with not sinuous walls. Pedicel of the
capsule often curved. Stem erect and simple. Habit of
Seligeria.. Plants very small.

b. Calyptra plicate, mitriform. Leaves often sulcate;
cell-walls not sinuous. Stem erect.

105. Coscinodon. Capsule immersed. Leaves with
a long hairpoint, not crisped when dry. Dioecious or
monoecious. Habit of Grimmia pulvinata.

106. Brachystelium. Capsule exserted. Leaves
without hairpoint, crisped when dry. Monoecious. Habit
of Orthotrichum (Ulota.)

31

Il. Drummondiece. Leaf-cells rotundate. Spores
very large..

107. Drummondia. Capsule exserted; teeth rudi-
mentary; pedicel straight. Calyptra concave, involving
the capsule, finally cucullate. Leaves without hairpoint;
cellwalls not sinuous. Stem decumbent; branches short
and erect. Habit of Orthotrichum.

B. Capsule thick-walled, sublateral on short bran-
ches; lid thick, long-persistent upon the thick and elevate
columella. :

Ill. Scouleriece. Capsule immersed, very broad and
cupuliform; calyptra cucullate.

108. Scouleria. Capsule small-mouthed when young,
blackish when dry; teeth very short and brittle, finally
often adhering to the lid. Leaves dentate, without hair-
point; the lower ones, when emarcid, with persistent costa ;
cellwalls not sinuous. Spores very large, about 0,0s—O,o6
mm. Stem branching, floating in water. Plants robust.
Dioecious. Habit of Cinclidotus.

Fam. 24. Weisiacez.

A. Peristome not cancellate.

I. Barbulee. Peristomial teeth partite to the basal
(often tessellate, more or less distinct) tube, with hair-like,
mostly long and often contorted branches, Capsule without
distinct neck, generally straight.

* Leaves without lamelle on the costa.

109. Barbula. Capsule symmetric, straight or (rarely)
faintly curved; teeth not incurved. Leaves usually papillose ;
cell-walls not sinuous.

110. Ceratodon. Capsule (more or less) asymme-
tric, usually curved; teeth incurved when dry, not contor-
ted. Leaves smooth; cell-walls not sinuous.

111. Geheebia. Leaves papillose; cell-walls sinuous.
Capsule unknown. Plants robust.

** Leaves with lamelle or brood-filaments on the
costa, papillose.

32

112. Aloina. Peristome contorted. Leaves strongly
involute above; filaments very numerous; costa very broad.
Stem very short. Pedicel of the capsule long.

113. Crossidium. Peristome usually contorted.
Leaves reflexed or flat at the borders, imbricate ; filaments
numerous; costa narrow.

114. Pterygoneuron. Peristome not contorted, mostly
wanting. Leaves imbricate, not involute; lamelle few;
costa narrow. Monoecious.

Il. Didymodontec. Peristomial teeth not partite
but more or less cleft (or in Pottia entire), with longi-
tudinal line, not contorted but sometimes halftwisted;
basal tube very short. Leaves without lamelle on the
costa.

* Capsule symmetric without distinct neck.

115. Didymodon. Peristomial teeth more or less
cleft. Leaves usually papillose, generally broader near
the base. Habit of Barbula (Eu-Barbula).

116. Pottia. Peristomial teeth not cleft, often rudi-
mentary or wanting. Leaves broader above the middle,
often smooth. Habit of Barbula (Tortula).

*= Capsule oblique or arcuate with a thick neck.

117. Dermatodon. Peristomial teeth cleft. Leaves
papillose, broader above the middle. Habit of Ceratodon.

Ill. Weisiece. Peristomial teeth without longitu-
dinal line, not twisted, generally short and entire (rarely
cleft), sometimes wanting; basal tube not distinct. Leaves
without lamella.

118. Weisia. Capsule without neck, generally
straight and symmetric. Leaves usually papillose, not
limbate, not seldom involute above, often crisped when dry.

IV. Syrrhopodontece. Peristomial teeth without
longitudinal line and basal tube, not twisted, short and
entire. Leaves bilamellate at the borders or limbate,
often with propagula.

119. Syrrhopodon. Capsule straight and symme-
tric, subcylindric, narrowed above to the mouth, long-

33

rostrate, not or indistinctly necked; pedicel elongate.
Leaves sheathing and channelled, denticulate, crisped when
dry; basal cells, at least the inner ones, hyaline; costa
not excurrent. Dioecious, rarely fruiting.

B. Peristome cancellate at base, divided above in
filiform, more or less cohering branches.

V. Cinclidotece. Leaves without lamelle, often
smooth; borders thick. Dioecious.

120. Dialytrichia. Capsule terminal on the stem;
pedicel long; teeth faintly twisted. Leaves papillose, obtuse.

121. Cinclidotus. Capsule placed on small lateral
branches, often nearly immersed; pedicel short; teeth not
or scarcely twisted. Leaves generally smooth, often acute.

Fam. 25. Calymperacee.

122. Calymperes. Capsule oval; pedicel short.
Leaves not sheathing, suboblong, entire and convolute,
rigid when dry, often with propagula; basal cells, at least
the inner ones, hyaline. Dioecious. Habit of Syrrhopodon.

Fam. 26. Encalyptacee.
123. Encalypta. Leaves very papillose above. Peri-
stome variable or wanting.
124. Merceya. Leaves smooth or indistinctly papil-
lose. Capsules unknown.

Fam. 27. Orthotrichacee.

I. Orthotrichece. Capsule terminal, often immersed;
peristome generally double; segments usually ciliiform;
calyptra mitriform. Leaves usually papillose, often crisped;
inner cells not seriate; alar cells sometimes subquadrate;
costa not excurrent. Stem generally erect and sparingly
branching, seldom decumbent. Tufts often pulvinate.

125. Orthotrichum. Calyptra generally plicate and
hairy.

Il. Macromitriece. Capsule lateral, not immersed;
calyptra subcampanulate. Leaves indistinctly papillose;
cells obliquely seriate, the alar not defined. Stem creep-

ing; branches numerous.
3

34

126. Macromitrium. Capsule plicate; teeth rudi-
mentary or wanting; calyptra plicate. Leaves seldom
crisped when dry; costa not excurrent.

127. Schlotheimia. Capsule not plicate; peristome
double or wanting; calyptra generally not plicate. Leaves
slightly crisped; costa excurrent to a thick point.

Ill. Zygodontece. Capsule terminal or lateral; ca-
lyptra cucullate, not plicate, glabrous. Leaves papillose,
often crisped; costa sometimes excurrent. Stem erect.

128. Zygodon. Capsule terminal, striate; peristome
double or wanting.

129. Anoectangium. Capsule lateral, not striate;
peristome none.

Fam. 28. Meeseaceze.

I. Meeseece. Capsule asymmetric, terminal; peri-
stome double.

A. Leaves mamillose Peristomial teeth long.

130. Paludella. Leaves sheathing, deflexed when
moist.

B. Leaves not mamillose. Peristomial teeth (exc.
Plagiobryum Zierii) shorter than the endostome.

a. Upper leaf-cells small, subquadrate. Stem mostly
high.

131. Meesea. Pedicel of the capsule long. Leaves
not appressed when dry.

b. Upper leaf-cells large, rhombic-polygonal. Stem
low.

132. Amblyodon. Calyptra inflate. Male flowers
with claviform paraphyses. Pedicel of the capsule long.
Leaves not appressed when dry.

133. Plagiobryum. Calyptra not inflate. Para-
physes filiform. Pedicel of the capsule short. Leaves
appressed when dry.

Il. Mielichhoferiee. Capsule symmetric, usually
lateral; exostome or endostome mostly rudimentary.

134. Mielichhoferia. Leaves very small, imbricate

35

and appressed, not mamillose; cells subrectangular, the
lower ones larger and subquadrate. Habit of Bryum /fili-
forme. Dioecious.

Ill. Orthodontiece. Capsule symmetric, terminal,
with a long and narrow neck; endostomial segments cilii-
form without distinct basilar membrane; teeth much longer.

135. Orthodontum. Leaves setiform; cells sub-
rectangular. Stem low.

Fam. 29. Cinclidiaceze (new fam).

136. Cinclidium. Peristomial teeth short. Leaves
large and broad; cells large, round-hexagonal, often red.

Fam. 30. Bartramiacez,

I. Bartramiece. Capsule (when operculate) sub-
globose; teeth not united abové; lid not rostrate. Leaves
not appressed when moist, generally papillose (in Bart-
ramia Oederi, Anacolia Menzies, Catoscopium and
Bartramidula smooth).

A. Capsule striate; segments usually present. —

137. Breutelia. Leaves plicate, sheathing, squarrose,
not recurved; cells rectangular. Male flowers discoid.
Dioecious.

138. Bartramia. Leaves not plicate, often sheath-
ing, not rarely recurved, long and uniform; cells rectan-
gular (or the uppermost quadrate), the lower not more
dilated. Monoecious or synoecious. Male flowers gemmi-
form.

139. Philonotis. Leaves sometimes plicate at the
base, not sheathing, often recurved, mostly diversiform ;
cells rectangular, the lower more dilated. Monoecious or
dioecious. Male flowers discoid or gemmiform.

B. Capsule not striate; segments wanting.

a. Capsule without distinct neck. Leaves serrulate.
Habit of Philonotis.

140. Anacolia. Pedicel of the capsule sublateral,
not or slightly curved. Peristomial teeth sometimes pre-

36

sent. Leaves recurved, plicate below. Dioecious. Male
flowers gemmiform.

141. Bartramidula. Pedicel of the capsule termi-
nal, curved. Peristome none. Leaves neither recurved
nor plicate. Synoecious.

6. Capsule with distinct neck. Leaves entire.

142. Catoscopium. Capsule terminal, very small;
teeth present; pedicel straight. Leaves not plicate. Dioe-
cious.

Il. Conostomece. Capsule suboval; teeth united
above; lid rostrate. Leaves appressed also when moist,
very rigid.

143. Conostomum. Leaves 5-farious, not sheathing,
nearly smooth, very short. Capsule striate; endostome
wanting. Tufts glaucous green. Dioecious.

Fam. 31. Funariacez.

I. Funariece. Leaves costate. Prothallium not
persistent.

144. Funaria. Capsule exserted, often asymme-
tric; peristome double or simple; calyptra cucullate.

145. Physcomitrium. Capsule symmetric, mostly
exserted; peristome wanting or (in one species) simple;
calyptra mitriform, plurilobate at base.

146. Pyramidula. Capsule symmetric, slightly
exserted; peristome wanting; calyptra tetragonal, contracted
below the capsule. Plants very small.

Il. Disceliece. Leaves nerveless. Prothallium per-
sistent.

147. Discelium. Capsule asymmetric, subglobose,
long-exserted; peristome simple. Stem nearly indistinct
Leaves very small.

Fam. 32. Bryacee.

A. Stem tree-like, regularly branching above.
I. Leucolepidece. Leaves smooth. Capsule ter-
minal.

37

148. Leucolepis. Stem-leaves (principally above)
with elongate cells; branch-leaves with round-polygonal,
small cells. Capsule symmetric; endostome orange; cilia
not appendiculate. Habit of Thamnium.

B. Stem not tree-like.

a. Capsule lateral.

Il. BRhizogoniece. Capsule asymmetric and curved.

149. FRhizogonium. Leaves smooth, setiform; upper
cells small and rotundate, the basal ones subquadrate.

b. Capsule terminal.

aa. Leaves sheathing; upper cells usually papillose.

Ill. Zimmiece. Capsule symmetric. Leaf-cells small,
round-hexagonal.

150. Timmia. Capsule not striate. Habit of Poly-
trichum.

bb. Leaves not sheathing, smooth or (in some species
of Aulacomnium) papillose above.

IV. Aulacomniece. Leaves usually papillose; cells
small, generally rotundate. Capsule often asymmetric,
usually striate when dry.

151. Aulacomnium. Stem often with pseudopodia
(sterile gemmiform shoots).

V. Mniece. Leaves smooth; cells polygonal, mostly
large. Capsules generally symmetric, not striate, often
clustered Subterranean stem generally rhizomatic, often
stoloniferous. Lowest leaves mostly squamiform. Tults
generally loose.

152. Mnium. Capsules symmetric, often clustered ;
endostome orange; cilia not or indistinctly appendiculate.
Leaves serrate or entire; cells nearly uniform, generally
round-hexagonal, .in one species suboval-oblong. Para-
physes claviform.

153. Roellia (new genus). Capsule symmetric, soli-
tary; endostome hyaline; cilia not appendiculate. Leaves
serrate; cells diversiform, mostly oblong-lanceolate or the
uppermost oblong-oval. Male flowers unknown.

154. Rhodobryum. Capsules more or less asymme-

38

tric, often clustered; endostome orange; cilia long-appen-
diculate. Leaves serrate; cells diversiform, mostly narrow,
the lower long-rectangular, the uppermost oblong-oval or
hexagonal. “Paraphyses filiform.

VI. Bryec. Leaves smooth; cells polygonal, mostly
not large. Capsule solitary, not striate. Stem neither
rhizomatic nor stoloniferous. Lower leaves not squami-
form. Tufts generally dense.

155. Bryum. Capsule symmetric or (less often)
asymmetric; endostome generally pale or pale-yellow;
cilia often appendiculate. Leaves often entire; cells diversi-
form, the lower (or all) more or less elongate, the upper
seldom round-hexagonal. Paraphyses filiform.

156. Leptotheca. Capsule symmetric; teeth very
long and narrow.

Fam. 33. Buxbaumiacez.

157. Buxbaumia. Capsule pedicellate; peristome
double. Leaves nerveless, nearly indistinct.

158. Diphyscium. Capsule immersed; exostome
none. Leaves costate, diversiform; the perichetial large.

Fam. 34. Andrezeaceze.

159. Andrecea. Leaves usually blackish or brow-
nish when dry. Tufts loosely cohering. Growing on rocks,
sometimes in running water.

Fam. 35. Bruchiacez.

I. Bruchiece. Stem distinct. Leaves costate, smooth
or (sometimes in Bruchia) obsoletely papillose.

A. Capsule pedicellate, neck often distinct. Spores
0,o2z—0,o4 mm. Prothallium seldom persistent.

160. Bruchia. Capsule often exserted; columella
persistent. Calyptra mostly campanulate, sometimes split
at one side. Leaves usually crowded.

161. Pleuridium. Capsule usually immersed, mostly
ovoid; columella usually persistent. Calyptra mostly sub-
cucullate. Leaves usually distant.

39

B. Capsule not pedicellate, without neck. Spores
very large, 0,1--0,. mm. Prothallium not persistent.

162. Archidium. Capsule globose; columella wan-
ting. Calyptra rudimentary or irregularly splitting. Leaves
often distant.

Il. Ephemerece. Stem wanting or indistinct. Leaves
often nerveless, smooth or (seldom) papillose-spinulose.
Capsule globose without neck, immersed. Prothallium
persistent. Plants minute.

A. Leaves smooth.

163. Ephemerum. Capsule not or indistinctly pedi-
cellate; columella rudimentary or complete, more or less
fugacious. Calyptra campanulate or (in one species) sub-
cucullate. Leaves often nerveless. Spores 0,02 —0,03 mm.
Prothallium abundant. Dioecious.

164. Nanomitrium. Capsule not pedicellate, colu-
mella wanting. Calyptra campanulate-mitriform, very small.
Leaves nerveless. Spores about 0,3 mm. Prothallium
not abundant. Paroecious.

B. Leaves papillose-spinulose on both sides and on
the costa.

165. Ephemeridium (new genus). Capsule indi-
stinctly pedicellate; columella wanting. Calyptra campanu-
late, somewhat large. Spores O,o2 mm or larger. Pro-
thallium not abundant. Dioecious.

Fam. 36. Voitiacez.
166. Voitia. Capsule oval-oblong or globose.

Fam. 37. Physcomitrellacez.

167. Physcomitrella. Capsule subglobose, irregu-
larly splitting. Calyptra split or faintly crenulate at base,
scarcely covering the point of the capsule.

168. Aphanorhegma. Capsule globose or oval,
regularly and horizontally splitting. Calyptra lobulate,
covering more than the point of the capsule.

40

Fam. 38. Phascaceze
169. Phascum. Capsule apiculate, rostellate, mamil-
late or muticous. Calyptra mitriform or cucullate. Leaves
generally reflexed at the borders, seldom involute; costa
usually excurrent. ;

European genera, not hitherto found in N. America,
are: Daltonia, Oreas, Bartramidula, Breutelia, Trocho-
bryum, Geheebia, Orthodontium.

Cc X g 2 yy?

Species

of

European and Northamerican
Bryines (Mosses)

synoptically deseribed
by

N. Conr. Kindberg.

ee

Part 1.

Pleurocarpous

3006

Linképing,
Linképings Lithografiska Aktiebolag
1896.

Preface.

Since the publication of Schimpers Synopsis muscorum euro-
peorum (1876) and Manual of the mosses of N. America by
Lesquereux and James (1884), the bryology is enriched by many
new species. Also several very important bryological manuals,
viz. by Boulay, Braithwaite, Husnot and Limpricht, have contri-
contributed to a more complete knowledge of the mosses.

The present treatise is an essay to revise and compare all
hitherto known species and subspecies of Bryineew, found in Eu-
rope and N. America. Excluded species are regarded as varieties
or not sufficiently known.

I believe that the greatest importance is to attache to the natural
affinity of such species as could be joined to common types
(subgenera or groups). Affinity is not to be defined through a
few artificial characters, stated »a priori». It needs therefore
to select characters, peculiar and constant to each genus. Some
characters are in some genera variable, but in others constant.

I have therefore not described selected specimens in all their
parts but generally omitted such characters, as evidently
are too variable. When some species are critical or hitherto
not well-known, I have tried to propose all their necessary di-
stinctive characters.

To facilitate the determination of sterile specimens, so often
occurring, I have accurately described the areolation of the lea-
ves and the common habit of the vegetals.

My descriptions are not transscribed from other authors but
based on my own microscopical researches and studies in nature.
I have therefore in Europe visited northern and southern districts
and their different regions up to the glaciers and the perennial
snow, also augmented my collections through contributions by
many correspondents. The geographic distribution and the sta-
tions of N. American mosses are accurately observed principally
by Prof. J. Macoun, D:r J. Roell and the Rev:d A. C. Waghorne,
also (in Greenland) by Prof. 8. Berggren.

In some few cases, when I not have had occasion to exa-
mine specimens of a very rare species, I must cite the descrip-
tions of their authors or describe the species following good
drawings, viz. Icones muscorum by Sullivant.

About 1600 species and 340 subspecies are described in my

manuscript.
Common to Europe and N. America about 620 species.
Peculiar to N. America .........eeeeeeeeees 635 »
Peculiar to Europe .......00 cee eee ee eee eee eee BE Ss) »

1600 spccies.
In America are found about 1255 species, in Europe 965.

Linkceping, Sweden dec. 1896.
The author.

As the continuation of this treatise, ready as manuscript,
depends upon a sufficient number of subscribers (at least 50),
the honored subscribers are requested to inform my publishers
of their wishes, namely

Messrs P. M. Sahistrem & C0,

Linkeping, Sweden.

Prize: 8 swedish crowns or »kronor» (= 9 shillings, 9 reiche-
mark, 11 francs) for the first part, Pleurocarpous; for the whole
work 20 swed. crowns.

The subscribers shall obtain also my »Genera of european and
northamerican Bryinesx, synoptically disposed».

The whole edition comprises only 200 copies. All can be
printed before the fine of next year.

Pecos

Abbreviations: us. usually; gen. generally; princ. principally; +. rarely;
Can, Canada; £ur. Europe.

Fam. 1. Crypheacez.

1. Hedwigia Ebrhart.

I. Eu-Hedwigia. Capsule immersed. Leaves us. denticu-
late at acumen. Stem r. flagelliferous. Tufts us. glaucous green.

II. Braunia. Capsule exserted. Leaves entire. Stem often
flagelliferous. Tufts brown. Perichetial leaves not ciliate.

I. Eu-Hedwigia.

1. H. albicans Weber. — Fontinalis Web.; Hedwigia Lind-
berg.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, distinctly
papillose, hyaline at the denticulate, us. prolonged acumen, re-
curved below; upper cells us. suboblong, sinuous at the walls.
Perichetial leaves long-ciliate. Capsule piriform, wholly immersed.
Stem not flagelliferous. — On stone, common (r. in northern
alps). Hur.*) Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerland! Amer.
Canada: Macoun. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. man.

* H. subnuda Kindberg catal. Canad. musci.

Leaves green, broad-ovate, indistinctly hyaline at the short and
nearly entire acumen, recurved nearly all around; upper cells
subquadrate. —-- Rocks r. Amer. Canada: Macoun.

2. H. imberbis Esenbeck et Hornschuch. — Schistidium Es.
et Hsch.; Hedwigia Spruce.

Leaves subovate, faintly papillose, entire, not hyaline, recur-
ved; upper cells suboblong, sinuous. Perichetial leaves not ciliate.
Capsule round-oval, subemergent. Stem often flagelliferous; leaves
of the flagelle hyaline at apex. — Rocks r.; Eur. France!

II. Braunia Schimper.

3. H. alopecura Bridel. — Leucodon Brid.; Hedwigia Kindb.

Leaves ovate, faintly papillose, uot hyaline, striate; cells less
distinctly sinuous, the upper quadrate, the inner basal rectan-
gular. Capsule oblong without neck; pedicel short. — Stones r.;
Eur. Austria: Venturi.

4. H. californica Lesq. — Braunia Lesq., Sull. icon. m.,
Hedwigia Kindb.

*) The mark! indicates, that the author is the collector; the cited col-
lectors have contributed to my collections,

ee

Leaves distinctly papillose, from subovate base tapering to
the hyaline and often long acumen, not striate; inner cells irre-
gular, oval or angulate, sometimes sinuous; inner basal cells
subrectangular. Capsule piriform, short-necked; pedicel long. —
Rocks r. Amer. Pacific district. Canada: Macoun. U. S.: Hen-
derson, com. Cardot.

2. Leucodon Schwegrichen.

A. Pedicel of the capsule long-exserted. Leaves gen. entire
and not distinctly decurrent.

1. L. seiuroides L. — Hypnum L.; Leucodon Schweegr.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly, ovate-lanceolate, short-acumi-
nate and acute, plicate or striate, open when moist; upper cells
oblong, the others narrow. Perichetial leaves short-acuminate.
Capsule suboblong; teeth split; endostome indistinct; lid conic,
acute. — On trees, less often on rocks. Hur. common. Sweden,
Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Italy! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* L. morensis Schwegrichen.

Leaves shorter, subovate, less striate; the perichetial longer
acuminate. Capsule cylindric, slightly curved; endostome rudi-
mentary; lid rostellate. —- Eur., southern districts, often frequent.
Greece: Haussknecht. Italy: Arcangeli; E. Adlerz. France: Husnot.
Spain: Dieck, com. Roell.

B. Pedicel of the capsule immersed or short-exserted. Leaves
often denticulate or sinuolate at acumen, sometimes decurrent.

2. LL. brachypus Bridel. — Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves (as in JZ. sciuroides) ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminate, more or less striate-plicate, decur-
rent; inner basal cells narrow. Capsule oval, partly immersed ;
teeth us. entire; lid rostrate. Branches often nearly simple. —
Trees. Amer. U.S. not r.: Austin, com. Macoun; Canada?
(sterile specimens): Macoun.

3. L. julaceus L.; Sull. 1. c. — Hypnum L.; Leucodon Sull.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, broad-ovate with very
short acumen, not striate, less decurrent, nearly spreading when
moist. Capsule round-oval; teeth slightly split above; pedicel
sometimes exserted, often curved or flexuous. Branches ramose.
— Trees. Amer. U. S., northeastern slope: Sullivant, com. C.
Mueller; Fitzgerald etc., com. Renauld and Cardot.

3. Forsstremia Lindberg.

A. Leaves entire or faintly sinuolate above; cells pellucid,
Peristome whitish.

ae eo

1. F. trichomitria Hedw. — Pterigynandrum H.; Forsstrce-
mia Lindb.; Leptodon Mohr; Sulliy. ic. muse.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong, short-acuminate, often faintly stri-
ate, sinuolate at acumen; middle cells oblong-lanceolate; costa
indistinct. Capsule oblong or subcylindrie, exserted; lid rostrate;
pedicel not or partly exserted. — On trees, r. on rocks. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Austin, com.
Macoun.

2. F.immersa Mohr. — Leptodon Mohr; Forsstrcemia Kindb.

Differs from the last: Branches shorter; leaves subovate; cap-
sule smaller, oval and nearly immersed. — Amer, U. 8S. r.: Sulli-
vant, com. C. Mueller.

3. F. floridana Lindb. — Leptodon Lindb.; Forsstrceemia
Kindb.

Differs from F. trichomitria: »Leaves broader, ovate, abruptly
acuminate; cells larger and broader; capsule half as large; pe-
dicel longer, not diverging from the stem»: Lindb. -— Amer. r.
»U. S.»: Lindberg (not seen).

4. F. ohioénsis Lindb. — Leptodon Sull. icon. muse.

Leaves broad-ovate, abruptly narrowed to a very short, faintly
sinuolate acumen, not striate; middle cells oval-oblong; costa
thick. Capsule suboval, exserted; lid short-apiculate; pedicel
partly emergent. — Trees. Amer. U. 8. r.: Sullivant, com. C. M.

B. Leaves (at least the younger ones) denticulate above;
cells very chlorophyllose, not pellucid. Capsule red-raouthed;
teeth brown or red.

5. F. nitida Lindb. — Leptodon Sull. 1. c.

Leaves ovate or broadly ovate-oblong, short-acuminate acute,
faintly or not striate; middle cells suboblong, the alar ones often
more dilated; costa very short or vanishing near the middle.
Capsule suboval or subglobose, immersed or partly emergent;

teeth pale brown; lid apiculate. — Trees. 1. Amer. Canada:
Macoun.

6. EF. Ravenelii Austin. — Cryphea Aust.; Forsstreemia
Kindb.

»Leaves round-ovate obtuse; areolation uniform; costa reaching
above the middle. Capsule oval, immersed; teeth red; lid acute»:
Lesq. et Jam. -— Amer. »U.S. x.: Ravenel»: Lesq. et Jam.

4, Cryphea Mohr.

A. Leaves entire; costa abbreviate.

a. Leaves small; the inner perichetial truncate or obtuse.

1. C. glomerata Br. eur.; Sulliv. icon. muse.

cae ape

Leaves ovate, subacute, sometimes short-acuminate, nearly
spreading when moist; upper cells narrow, the middle suboval;
costa reaching to the middle or shorter. Perichetial leaves sub-
oblong; costa broad, long-excurrent. Capsule ovate-oblong; teeth
whitish, much surpassing the endostomia] segments; calyptra
cucullate, scabrous at apex. — Trees r. Amer, U. 8.: com. Cardot.

2. €. pendula Lesquereux et James.

Differs from the last: Leaves broad-ovate; upper cells rhom-
bic-oval, the inner basal linear; costa often reaching above the
middle. Perichetial leaves broader, suboval, the outer acuminate
with abbreviate costa, the inner ones obtuse with long-excur-
rent costa. »Lid of the capsule conic obtuse; calyptra conic,
entire, hispid to below the middle. Branchlets sometimes filiform
and flagellate»: Lesq. et Jam. man. — Trees (on Tillandsia);
Amer. U. 8. r: Ravenel, herb. James, com. C. Mueller.

b. Leaves somewhat large, the perichetial acuminate or acute.

3. (€. arborea Hudson. — Sphagnum Huds.; Cryphea Lind-
berg.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, gen. acute, sometimes short-
acuminate, recurved, patent when moist; upper cells rhombic,
the basal (at the insertion) orange; costa reaching above the
middle. Perichetial leaves narrower, entire; costa gen. long-
excurrent. Capsule oblong, red-mouthed; teeth yellow below,
pale above; endostomial segments nearly as high; lid rostellate ;
calyptra mitriform, scabrous. — On trees, r. on rocks. Eur.
England: Rogers. France: Le Jolis; Berthoumieu. Italy: Ar-
cangeli.

4. C. Lamyi Montagne; Husnot; Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the last: Leaves broad-ovate, subobtuse, slightly
recurved; lower basal cells hyaline. Petichetial leaves denticu-
late. Capsule shorter, oval; lid apiculate; calyptra cucullate. —
Inundated rocks and trees r. Eur. Portugal: I. Newton, com.
Brotherus.

B. Leaves sinuolate at acumen; costa subpercurrent but not
excurrent (also in the perichetial leaves).

5. (€. nervosa Hooker et Wilson; Sull. ic. muse.

Leaves small, from ovate-oblong base acuminate; upper cells
narrow, the middle suboval. Perichetial leaves narrower, longer
acuminate, serrulate above. Capsule ovate; lid conic obtuse;
teeth whitish, much surpassing the endostomial segments;
calyptra cucullate, scabrous at apex. — Trees r.; Amer. U. &.:
com. Cardot.

| ee

5. Antitrichia Bridel.

A. Upper leaf-cells narrow. Pedicel of capsule elongate.

1. A. ecurtipendula L. — Hypnum L,; Antitrichia Brid.

Leaves striate, from ovate base abruptly acuminate or ovate-
lanceolate, narrowly reflexed to the denticulate acumen; nerves
3, the median reaching into acumen. Perichetial leaves serrulate
at acumen. Capsule oblong; lid apiculate; pedicel curved or
flexuous. Perigonial leaves very short. Stem pinnate. — Rocks
and trees. Hur. gen. common, Sweden, Switzerl! Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun.

2. A. gigantea (Sull. et Lq. as var.) Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves larger, not striate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, broadly
recurved to the nearly entire or minutely denticulate acumen;
nerves gen. 5, the median vanishing far below acumen. Periche-
tial leaves entire. Capsule oblong cylindric; pedicel straight.
-—— Am-r. not vr. in Pacif. distr. Alaska: J. M. Macoun, Can:
J. Macoun. U. 8. Oregon: J. A. Hertzman, com. E. Nyman.

3. A. tenella Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Differs from <A. curtipendula: Leaves smaller, not striate,
ovate acute, recurved all around, denticulate at apex; cells gen.
shorter; median nerve more abbreviate. Perigonial leaves longer.
Stem irregularly divided with numerous very short branches.
Only male plants found. — Rocksr. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

B. Upper leaf-cells oval-oblong. Pedicel short-emergent.

4. A. pseudo-californica Kindb. check-list of Eur. and
N. Amer, mosses. — Neckera californica Hooker et Arnott;
Alsia Sull. :

Leaves ovate obtuse or short-acuminate acute, not striate,
nearly entire; nerves 3, the median reaching gen. to middle.
Perichetial leaves long-acummate. Capsule cylindric-oval; lid
rostrate; pedicel straight. Stem pinnate with very short bran-
ches. — dAmer. Pacif. distr. U. S.: Miss Mann, com. Cardot.

Fam. 2. Anomodontacee.
6. Anomodon Hooker et Taylor.
I. Eu-Anomodon. Leaves distinctly papillose, r. recurved,
not x. large, often crisped when dry. Secondary stems often erect.
Il. Leskeella. Leaves nearly smooth, small, us. recurved,
gen. appressed when dry. Stem us. creeping.
J. Eu-Anomodon.
A. Leaves large very broad at base, not subulate, crisped; bor-
ders undulate not recurved; inner basal cells sublinear pellucid,
2

— 10 —

other cells rotundate-quadrate opake. Branches thick uniform
irregularly divided, not flagelliferous.
1.A.vitieulosus L. — Hypnum L.; Anomodon Hook. et T.

Leaves from ovate base tapering to an obtuse or subacute
acumen, quite entire. Perichetial leaves with narrower, acute
or subfiliform acumen. Capsule large subcylindrie; teeth twice
longer than endostome; lid rostellate; pedicel yellow. — Stone
and trees. Hur. nearly common. Sweden, Norway, Germany,
Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
2.A.apiculatus Br. eur.; Sull. ic. m. — Hypnum Rugelii C. M.

Leaves from broad-ovate or cordate subfimbriate base abruptly
contracted to a narrow sublinear obtuse or apiculate acumen.
Perichetial leaves with sublinear obtuse acumen. Capsule
large subcylindric; segments very short or rudimentary; lid
apiculate; pedicel red. — Rocks and trees r. Hur. Sweden
1859! Norway 1862! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
3.A.platyphyllus Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1893.

Leaves short very broad, ovate or ovate-oblong or from cor-
date strongly papillose base slightly contracted to a lingulate
blunt acumen. Perichetial leaves with subdentate strongly
papillose base and narrow lingulate acumen. Capsule small
oval-oblong; segments rudimentary; lid short-conic not apiculate;
pedicel yellow very much shorter than in the last. -— Trees r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. small and appressed or suberect when dry.
Branches not thick.

a. Leaves very broad at base, not subulate-acuminate.
4.A.minor Beauvois. — Neckera B.; Anomodon Fuernrohr; A.
obtusifolius Bruch et Sch.; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves from subovate base abruptly tapering to a linear-
lingulate acumen, subdistichous when moist; borders entire un-
dulate not recurved; cells round-quadrate opake except the few
sublinear at base. Perichetial leaves with narrow lingulate
acumen. Capsule small suboval; segments short or rudimen-
tary; lid rostrate or rostellate; pedicel yellow not long. Plants

glaucous green. — Trees. Amer. Can. r.: Macoun. U. S::
Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; com. Roell and Cardot.
5.A.attenuatus Schreber. — Hypnum Schreb.; Anomodon
Huebener.

Leaves from subovate base abruptly tapering to a shorter,
gen. subacute denticulate acumen; borders not recurved; cells
as in the last. Perichetial leaves with sublinear-subulate acu-

Sao) fees

men. Capsule small cylindric; segments often long; lid rostrate;
pedicel red. Branches long not compressed, often curved when
dry; branchlets often flagellate, their leaves narrow often subu-
late. Tufts intricate. R. fruiting. —- Rocks and trees not un-
common. Hur. Sweden, France, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. S.: Purpus, com. Roell.

6.A.californicus Lesquereux.

»Leaves broadly ovate acute, very papillose and fimbriate at
the auricled base, decurrent; borders recurved; upper cells ovate-
quadrate. Capsules unknown. — Amer. U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.
b. Leaves subulate-acuminate entire. Tufts intricate. Branchlets
often flagelliform.
7.A.longifolius Schleicher; Pterogonium Schl.; Anomodon Bruch.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually acuminate, long-decurrent,
not recurved; cells round-quadrate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule
cylindric; teeth twice longer than endostome; lid apiculate.
Tufts pale green. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks and trees below
alps gen. r. Hus. Sweden not r., Switzerl. |!
8.A.rostratus Hedwig. — Leskea H.; Anomodon Schimper.

Leaves from subovate base abruptly acuminate often with
hyaline hairpoint; borders recurved gen. to acumen; cells as in
the last; costa reaching to acumen or shorter. Capsule oval-
oblong; teeth about twice longer than endostome; lid rostrate
or rostellate. Tufts us. pale green above and rusty red below,
r. wholly dark green. — Rocks and trees. Hur. r. Switzer1.!
Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell; Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller.

Il. Leskeella Limpricht, in part.
A. Costa of leaves short, in the perichetial obsolete.
9.A.tectorum Al. Braun. — Pterogonium Braun; Anomodon
Kindb.; Pseudoleskea Schimper.

Leaves with ovate base and gen. short (sometimes long fal-
cate) acumen, acute, recurved below; middle cells oval-oblong;
costa vanishing far below acumen, sometimes forking. Capsule
cylindric; teeth yellow; segments long without basal membrane;
lid rostellate; pedicel short. Stem pinnate creeping, julaceous
when dry. Leaves sometimes smaller than in A. nervosus.
Very r. fruiting. — On roofs and rocks, r. on walls or trees,
gen. vr. Hur. Norway! Germany: Roell. Amer. »Greenl.»:
Berggren,
10.A.subrigidulus Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves more distinctly recurved to the
short acumen; middle cells round-oval; costa gen. reaching to

aes ee

acumen. Stem irregularly divided not creeping. Capsule and
lid as in the last; peristome not seen. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.
Labrador: Waghorne.

B. Costa of leaves long, also in the perichetial.
11.A-nervosus Bridel. — Pterigynandrum Brid.; Anomodon
Huebener; Leskea Myrin.

Leaves from short subovate base abruptly tapering to a long
subulate filiform-pointed acumen, recurved to it; middle cells
round-oval; costa subpercurrent or long-excurrent. Perichetial
leaves entire long-acuminate. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
orange; segments short or rudimentary with indistinct basal
membrane; lid rostellate; pedicel short. Stem creeping; bran-
ches pinnate subjulaceous. R. fruiting. — Rocks and trees.
Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can. less r:
Macoun; Waghorne.
12.A.heteroideus C. M. et Kindb. catal. Canadian musci.

Leaves gradually acuminate without filiform point, not re-
curved to acumen; middle cells roundish; costa not percurrent,
shorter and fainter than in the last. Perichetial leaves denti-
culate or sinuolate. Capsules unknown. Branches not distinctly
julaceous; branchlets flagelliform with very small nerveless leaves.
—Rocks and trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
13.A.Moseri Kindb. — Leskea note on Can. bryol. 1893.

Leaves as in A. nervosus but smaller; cells more rotundate.
Perichetial leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, obtusate or short-acu-
minate, denticulate at least above middle. Capsule lanceolate-
cylindric small-mouthed; teeth pale; segments as high with di-
stinct basal membrane; lid apiculate; pedicel twice longer than
in A. nervosus. — On earth r. Hur. Can.: J. Moser, com.
Macoun.
14.A.rupestris Berggren. — Leskea Bgr.; Anomodon Kindb.;
»Leskea nervosa»; Milde and Limpricht.

Leaves smaller than in A. nervosus, narrowly ovate-oblong
ur ovate-lanceolate, shorter acuminate, not recurved; cells oblong;
costa not much prolonged into acumen. ‘Tufts brownish or
olivaceous. Capsules unknown. — Rocks in alp. region r. Hur.
Norway !
15.A.rigidulus Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw. — »Leskea
nervosa»: Limpricht.

Leaves much shorter than in A. nervosus, broadly recurved
all around; middle cells rotundate; costa percurrent. Stem-lea-
ves round-ovate obtuse; branch-leaves ovate-oblong gen. obtusate

es Stat ead

acute, r. short-acuminate. Stem irregularly divided not creeping;
branches quite julaceous. Capsules unknown. — Rocks in alp.
region r. Hur. Norway near Kongswold!

7. Lindbergia Kindberg, new genus.
1.L.brachyptera Mitten. — Pterogonium Mitt.

Leaves from broad-oval base contracted to a subulate acumen,
slightly retlexed below, faintly denticulate only at acumen,
strongly papillose, eubclaviculiform (as in Heterocladium) and
spreading when moist, nearly appressed when dry; upper cells
rotundate, middle suboval, angular very numerous; costa reaching
above middle. Capsule erect suboblong pale; teeth short yellow,
connate at base; lid conic; pedicel yellow-red. — Old logs r.
Amer. Can. Ontario: Macoun.

Fam. 3. Fabroniacee.
8. Fabronia Raddi.
A. Leaves dentate-ciliate or fimbriate; upper and middle cells
oval-oblong; costa short or indistinct. Capsule with low convex
often mamillate lid. Calyptra us. broad.
1.F.octoblepharis Schleicher. — Pterogonium Schl.; Fabronia
Schweegrichen.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong and not fimbriate with subulate-
filiform point; costa often distinct. Perichetial leaves serrate
aboye. Capsule obovate or suboblong; teeth brownish us. con-
nate in pairs; calyptra broad. — Rocks and stonewalls. Hur.
south, distr, somewhat r. Switzerl.! Amer. r. »U. 8.»: Lq. et Jam.
*F. pusilla Raddi.

Leaves us. narrower, gen. ovate-lanceolate fimbriate with lon-
ger and filiform hyaline point; costa often indistinct. Periche-
tial leaves sharply serrate also below. Capsule often subglobose;
teeth yellowish often finally free. — Princ. on trees, r. on rocks,
Eur. not r. in south. distr. Italy! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
2.F.gymnostoma Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves gen. costate and ciliate; perichetial irregularly dentate.
Capsule obovate; peristome wanting; calyptra narrow. Not
much differing from F. octoblepharis in barren state. — Amer.
ry. U. S.: Wright, com. C. Mueller; Fendler, com. Renauld.

B. Leaves serrulate with small not ciliiform teeth; upper and
middle cells narrow; costa us. distinct.

a. Leaves short-costate. Capsule with conic lid; calyptra narrow.
3.F.Wrightii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually tapering to an often long

ae

filiform point. Perichetial leaves denticulate all around. Cap-
sule piriform; teeth orange gen. not connate. Branches some-
what thicker than in F, oetoblepharis. — Amer. ry. U. S.:
Wright, com. C. Mueller.

4.F.Rarvenelii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves ovate-oblong, broader than in the last with smaller
teeth and less gradually tapering to the often short point.
Perichetial leaves entire below, faintly serrulate above. Capsule
subeylindric or narrowly piriform; teeth brownish not connate.
Branches thickish often curved and subjulaceous when dry.
Habit of Pterygynandrum. — Logs r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.
8.: Fitzgerald, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves long-costate. Stem with flagelliform shoots. Capsu-
les unknown.
5.F.Sendtneri Schimper.

»Leaves ovate-lanceolate; costa vanishing below acumen»:
Limpricht. — Rotten logs r. Hur, »Istria: Sendtner»: Schimper.
9. Clasmatodon Hooker et Wilson.
1.C.parvulus Hampe. — Leskea Hampe; Clasmatodon Sulliv.

ic. muse.; Anisodon Bertrami Schimper.

Leaves ovate acute sometimes short-acuminate, minutely
serrulate above middle; upper cells oblong, lower inner oblong-
lanceolate; costa reaching to middle. Perichetial leaves abruptly
narrowed to a long sublinear denticulate acumen. Capsule
oval-oblong; teeth yellow; lid conic; pedicel more or less elongate.
— Trees. Amer. U. S. less r.: com. Macoun, Levier and Cardot.
Eur, »Germany: Bertram»: C. M.

2.C.rupestris (Sull. et Lq. as var.) Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves broad-ovate obtuse entire; upper cells rhombic-oval,
lower suboblong; costa vanishing below middle. Perichetial
leaves gradually narrowed to the entire acumen. Capsule
round-oval; teeth orange; lid low convex; pedicel short. — Rocks
r. Amer. U. 8.: com. Macoun.

10. Habrodon Schimper.

1.H.perpusillus Notaris. — Pterogonium Not.; Habrodon Lindb.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute short-acuminate with gen. short
filiform point, entire or at acumen faintly sinuolate; upper
cells rhombic, middle oval-oblong, lower inner oblong-lanceolate.
Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth hyaline distant without basal
membrane; lid conic. Very r. fruiting. — Trees r. Eur. Italy,
Switzerl.! Amer, »U. S.»: Sulliv. ;

jee’ PORN, ees

11. Anacamptodon Bridel.
1.A.splachnoides Froehlich. — Orthotrichum Fr.; Anacampto-
don Brid.

Leaves entire ovate-oblong short-subulate; inner cells suboblong;
costa vanishing near middle. Capsule suboblong or oval with
short neck; teeth dark purplish united in pairs, much longer
than segments; lid rostellate; pedicel long thick reddish. Mo-
noecious. -— Rotten branches of trees r. Eur. France: Schimper;
Husnot; Berthoumieu. Amer. »U, S.o: C. M,

Fam. 4. Pterobryacee.

(Endotrichaceee Kindb. in »Genera of Eur. and N. Amer.
Bryinez».)

12. Pterobryum Hornschuch.
1.P.cymbifolium Sullivant. — Pilotrichum Sull. ic. m.; Ptero-
bryum Mitten.

Leaves concave from ovate-oblong base gradually short-acu-
minate, not recurved; lower basal cells orange, alar very nu-
merous; costa reaching to acumen. Perichetial leaves nerveless.
Stem subpinnate above; branches turgid julaceous. Capsules

unknown. — Amer. r. U. S. Florida: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
2.P.Ludovicie C. Mueller. —. Neckera C. M.; Pterobryum
Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer-acuminate abruptly nar-
rowed; alar cells less numerous; costa percurrent or vanishing
in acumen. Perichetial leaves with long-excurrent costa. Cap-
sule exserted; pedicel short; peristome not seen. — Trees r.
Amer. U. S.: com. Macoun and Cardot.

Fam. 5. Neckeracee.
13. Neckera Hedwig.

A. Capsule not annulate Stem us. pinnate.
a. Leaves with long sharply dentate-spinulose acumen; upper
cells narrow; costa short double or indistinct.
I. Douglasiella. Leaves us. undulate. Capsule more or less
emergent; endostome as high as teeth. Dioecious.
b. Leaves obtusate or short-acuminate, not or faintly denticulate;
upper cells gen. wide.
aa. Leaves with long simple costa. Endostomial segments long.
Paraphyllia us. numerous.
II. Menziesiella. Leaves undulate. Capsule immersed, Di-
oecious.

eos =

bb. Leaves with short double or indistinct costa. Endostomial
segments short or rudimentary. Paraphyllia few or wanting.
III. Eu-Neckera. Leaves undulate sublinear-ovate; middle
and lower cells gen. narrow. Capsule often immersed. Often
monoecious.

IV. LeiophyHum. Leaves not undulate often short; middle
cells sometimes wide. Capsule gen. long-exserted. Branches
often flagelliferous. Dioecious.

B. Capsule annulate. Stem not distinctly pinnate.

V Homalia. Leaves not undulate; costa sometimes simple
but abbreviate. Capsule long-exserted. Branches not flagelli-
ferous. Monoecious or dioecious.

I. Douglasiella Kindb.
1.N.Douglasii Hooker.

Leaves large undulate with cordate base, sublinear-lanceolate
broad acuminate, faintly denticulate below acumen sometimes
to middle, entire in lower part, only at angles sinuolate; teeth
of acumen sometimes hooked; cells gen. fusiform-linear orange
at insertion, alar short wide. Perichetial leaves filiform-pointed.
Capsule red oval-oblong; pedicel us. triply longer; teeth pale
yellow. Plants pale green, finally becoming whitish. Stem
very long; flagellee often longish. Trees and rocks. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Boleender, herb. Lesquereux, com.
Renauld.
2.N.cephalonica Juratzka; Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves small not undulate and not distinctly cordate, from
broader and entire basal part gradually tapering to the long
subulate often filiform-pointed acumen; its teeth not hooked;
cells narrow sublinear at insertion yellowish, alar not distinct.
Stem short. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. -- Eur. r. »Greece:
Unger»: Juratzka. (Africa, Madeira: Liebetrut, com. C, Mueller.)

Il. Menziesiclla Kindb.
A. Capsule immersed longer than pedicel; segments as high as
teeth or higher. Leaves finally brown.
3.N.Menziesii Hooker; Sullivant icon. musc.

Leaves sublinear broader below, faintly denticulate above
middle; apical and alar cells dilated, the others narrow. Capsule
suboval; teeth orange. Branches us. distant with numerous
flagellee. Stem often very long. — Rocks and trees. Amer.
Pacif. distr. not r. Can.: Macoun, U. §.: Roell; Mrs L. C,
Feely; Henderson, com. Cardot,

eee ae

*N.amblyclada Kindb. (cat. Can. m., as var.).

Branches crowded obtuse r. and sparingly flagellate. Leaves
suboblong shorter; cells dilated, upper subrhombic, lower oblong,
inner basal narrow. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Pacif. distr. in subalp. region: Macoun.
4.N.turgida Juratzka.

Leaves sublinear-oblong sometimes denticulate to below middle;
apical and alar cells dilated, the others narrow. Branches us.
crowded obtuse; flagella few and short. »Capsule oblong-cy-
lindric; teeth yellowish brown»: Limpricht. — Rocks and trees
yr. Eur. Germany: Geheeb.

*N jurassica Amann; Limpricht.

»Leaves subsecund; cells gen. subrhombic. Capsules unknown.
— Rocks vr. Hur, Switzerl.: Amann»: Limpricht.

B. Capsule partly emergent above perichetial leaves, not longer
than pedicel; segments unknown. Leaves us. yellowish green.
5.N.mediterranea Philibert.

Leaves subovate-oblong gen. nearly entire; inner lower cells
narrow, the others dilated. Capsule suboval; teeth pale yellow.
Branches often distant; flagelle short. —- Rocks r. Hur. France:
Philibert; Payot, com. Husnot.

III. Eu-Neckera.
A. Pedicel of capsule long-cxserted. Leaves large strongly
undulate us. shining and finally becoming brown. Dioecious.
6.N.erispa L. -- Hypnum L.; Neckera Hedwig.

Leaves gen. sublinear obtusate; perichetial long-sheathing
short-pointed. Capsule oval; segments distinct, basal membrane
obsolete. Branches sometimes turgid and less distinctly pin-
nate. — Rocks prince. not shaded. Hur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.!
B. Capsule wholly inmmersed. Leaves large strongly undulate
green not glossy. Monoecious.
7.N.pennata L. — Fontinalis L.; Neckera Hedwig.

Leaves gen. sublinear obtusate, those of younger branches
us. longer-acuminate with narrower apical cells; perichetial gra-
dually acuminate long-pointed. Capsule oval; endostome rudi-

mentary. Stem rigid. — Us. on trees r, on shaded rocks in
woods, somewhat r. Hur. Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser;
Waghorne.

C. Capsule with shortly or not exserted pedicel. Leaves legs
large not strongly undulate us. green; apical cells short.

a. Dioecious r. fruiting. Capsule with emergent pedicel; endo-
stomial segments distinct. Leaves somewhat small,

= sa

8.N.pumila Hedwig.

Leaves sublinear-oblong gen. acute, more or less acuminate
or filiform-pointed, slightly undulate, often recurved below at
one side and inflexed at the other. Capsule oblong; teeth pale
yellow; basal membrane of endostome distinct. Often with
propagula. — On trees r. on rocks, prince. below alp. regions.
Eur. Switzerl.! Amer. »U. 8.»: Cardot.

b. Monoecious not r. fruiting. Capsule partly emergent; endo-
stome rudimentary.
9.N.oligocarpa Bruch.

Leaves gen. sublinear-oblong short-acuminate; costa very short.
Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate. Capsule round-oval;
teeth pale yellow. Stem not rigid; branches us. pinnate. —
On rocks r. (in Amer.) on trees, prince. in alp. regions, r. Eur.
Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
10.N.pterantha C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can m. (as subspecies).

Leaves as in the last but larger, often brown-green; costa
longer. Perichetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate. Capsule
round-oval; teeth white hyaline; antheridia and archegonia more
numerous than in the last. Branches rigid, gen. simple and
very long. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

IV. Leiophyllum C. Mueller syn. muse.
A. Leaves obovate arrounded at apex.
11.N.Besseri Lobarzewski. — Omalia Lob.; Neckera Juratzka.

Leaves small denticulate above, often shining; cells dilated,
middle and lower suboval. Perichetial leaves gradually acumi-
nate. »Capsule oval subemergent; endostome incomplete with
indistinct basal membrane»: Limpricht. — On rocks, r. on trees,
r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl:!

B. Leaves not arrounded at apex, gen. somewhat narrow.

a. Leaves narrow-oblong or sublanceolate. Capsule long-exserted
oval-oblong; segments and basal membrane distinct.
12.N.complanata L. — Hypnum L.; Neckera Huebener.

Leaves short-acuminate acute, minutely denticulate in upper
third; middle and lower cells linear-lanceolate, alar subquadrate.
Outer perichetial leaves abruptly acuminate. — On trees, less
often on rocks. Hur. common. Sweden ete.! Amer. r. Can.:
Waghorne.

b. Leaves (at least the upper) short and gen. obtusate, smaller
than in the last. Capsules unknown.

13.N.gracilis James. — Homalia Jam.; Sull. ic. m.; Neckera
Kindb,

Se TG os

Leaves oval-oblong indistinctly denticulate all around; middle
cells rhombic, lower subrectangular-linear, alar subquadrate. —
Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Peck, com. Macoun.
14.N.tenella Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norweg.

Leaves gen. broad-oval, upper denticulate nearly all around;
middle and lower cells oblong, lowest baral shorter and yellow.
— Rocks in lower subalp. districts r. Hur. Norway in Gud-
brandsdal! Sweden in Medelpad: M. Huss.

V. Homalia Bridel, as genus.
A. Leaves dentate subfimbriate at apex, denticulate below;
costa reaching above middle. Capsules unknown.
15.N.lusitaniea Schimper. — Homalia Sch.; Neckera Kindb.

Leaves obovate subobtuse shining; only a single apical tooth
prominent. — Rocks yr. trees, r. Eur. Mediterr. distr. France:
Boulay and Espagne, com. Husnot. Italy: Bottini; Arcangeli.
Portugal: Levier.

B. Leaves denticulate near apex, nearly entire below; costa
vanishing near middle, sometimes shorter and double.
16.N.trichomanoides Schreber. — Hypnum Schreb.; Neckera
Hartman.

Leaves subacute or obtuse (sometimes subacuminate) with
several prominent apical teeth, us. subobovate or spathulate,
shining when dry. Inner perichetial leaves with patent subu-
late acumen. Capsule ovate-oblong; segments entire or rimiose;
beak of lid nearly as long as capsule. Monoecious us. fruiting.
—- Trees, stones and earth. Eur. gen. common. Sweden, Nor-
way, Germany! »Amer.»: Lesq. et Jam.
17.N.Jamesii Scnimper. — Homalia Sch.; Neckera Kindb.

Leaves minutely denticulate all around or nearly entire,
neither apiculate nor acuminate, otherwise as in the last. »Cap-
sule with shorter peristome; lid shorter rostellate»: Schimp. syn.
R. fruiting. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.:
James, com. C. Mueller.
18.N.Macounii C. M. et Kindb. — Homalia cat. Can. m.;
Neckera Kindb.; Homalia obtusata Lesq. et Jam., non Mitten.

Leaves arrounded at apex, denticulate to middle, gen. lingu-
late and faintly or not glossy, finally yellow at insertion. Inner
perichetial leaves suddenly narrowed to the erect sublinear
obtuse acumen. Capsule suboblong; beak of lid much shorter;
segments rimose. R. fruiting. Probably dioecious; male flo-
wers not found. — Trees and rocks. Amer. Can.; Macoun;
Moser; Waghorne,

— 20 —

14.Neckeropsis Reichardt (rather a subgenus of Neckera).
1.N.undulata Hedwig. — Neckera H.; Neckeropsis Reich.

Leaves undulate sublinear-lingulate with broader and cordate
base, faintly denticulate all around; upper cells rhombic, middle
and lower lanceolate-linear. Stem creeping. »Capsule immersed
cylindric-oblong; teeth yellow; segments carinate as high; calyptra
mitriform sparingly hairy»: C. M. svn. — Trees r. Amer. U,
S.: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld. (Cuba: Wright, com. C. Mueller).
2.N.disticha Hedwig. — Neckera H.; Neckeropsis Kindb.

Leaves not undulate, sublingulate entire or above middle
indistinctly denticulate; upper and middle cells rhombic-oval,
basal and lower marginal linear. »Capsule subemergent oblong-
cylindric; teeth pale; segments as high, split to base; calyptra
conic dimidiate glabrous»: C. M. syn — Trees r. Amer. U.S::
Austin, com. Macoun.

15. Porotrichum Bridel.

1.P.Bigelowii Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull.; Porotrichum Kindb.

Leaves distant nearly plane, but involute at one side of base,
obtusate acute sharply serrate above, sublinear-lanceolate or sub-
lingulate; upper cells hexagonal-oval, middle oblong, lower
sublinear; costa smooth Jong not percurrent, sometimes forking
above. Capsule obovate; lid long-rostrate; pedicel curved above.
Branches distant. Tuits bright green often glossy. — Wet
rocks yr. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can: Macoun. U. 8.: Mrs L. C.
Feely; E. Hall, com. Macoun; com. Renauld and Cardot.

Fam. 6. Leptodontacee.
16. Leptodon Mohr.
1.L.abietinus Hooker. — Neckera Hook.; Leptodon Kindh.;
Alsia Sulliv. ic. muse. Leptodon circinnatus Sull.

Leaves serrulate gen. in upper third, mamillose-spinulose
above at back and costa, more or less acuminate, acute or
subobtuse at apex, gen. ovate-oblong or (those of stem) ovate-
lanceolate, recurved below, often involute at acumen; cells very
small and gen. oblong-linear, alar sometimes subquadrate; costa
long not percurrent. Inner perichetial leaves convolute obtusate
apiculate. Capsule red oval-oblong; teeth whitish; segments
long rimose; calyptra and vaginula glabrous. Stem us. erect,
sometimes bipivnate, its naked part us. long; branches crow-
ded not flagelliferous; paraphyllia broad fimbriate. — ‘l'rees
and rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can: Macoun. U. S.: Bolender,
com. C. Mueller; Miss Mann, com. Cardot; Mrs L. C, Feely;
Hall, com. Macoun; Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton,

2.L.Smithii Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks.; Leptodon Mohr.

Leaves entire smooth obtuse oval-ovate recurved below middle;
cells gen. rotundate, inner near costa sublinear, basal suboval;
costa vanishing near or above middle. Inner perichetial leaves
long-acuminate. Capsule reddish yellow oblong; teeth pale;
segments rudimentary or wanting; calyptra and vaginula hairy.
Stem ascending or decumbent, its naked part short; branches
distant often flagelliferous; paraphyllia sublinear. LR. fruiting.
— Trees and stones r. Hur. common in mediterr. distr. France:
Le Jolis; Husnot. Italy: Arcangeli. Austria: Berggren. Engl.: Davies,
com. W. H. Pearson.

17. Macouniella Kindb. in check-list of Eur. and
N. Amer. mosses.
1. M.ealifornica Sullivant. — Antitrichia Sull. ic. m.

Leaves not striate, with ovate-oblong base and denticulate
shorter acumen; lower cells lanceolate-oblong; costa reaching to
acumen. Perichetial leaves entire gradually narrowed to a fili-
form-pointed acumen. Capsule oblong-cylindric gen. long-ex-
serted; teeth pale; segments short with distinct longitudinal
line; lid rostrate. Stem pinnate suberect; branches julaceous.
Dioecious. — Trees r. Hur. Mediterr. distr. France: Renauld,
com, Gravet. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Mrs
Ames, com. Cardot.

Fam. 7. Meteoriacee.

18. Papillaria C. Mueller.
1.P.nigrescens Swartz. — Hypnum Sw.; Papillaria Sauerbeck
et Jeeger; Meteorium Mitt.; Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves entire from cordate base long-acuminate, ventricose
in middle, faintly recurved below, involute-cucullate at apex,
faintly papillose; cells minute, angular suboval seriate, inner
basal sublanceolate; other cells oval-rhombic or rhomboidal.
Stem thin subpinnate; branches with naked or at apex foliate
flagellee. »Capsule narrow-oblong; teeth white; lid rostellate»:
CG. M. Syn. »Endostome as in Homalia»: Lesq. et Jam. —
Trees r. Amer. U. S.: Sawyer, com. Cardot.

*P.Donnellii Kindb. n. subsp.; var. Donnelltt Austin m. Apalach.

Stem and branches thicker. Leaves not distinctly papillose,
abruptly short-acuminate. Capsules unknown. — Amer, ry. U.
S. Florida: Donnell Smith, com. Macoun.

19. Meteorium Bridel.
1.M.pendulum Sullivant icon. muscor.

— 92 —

Stem-leaves minute narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate
filiform-pointed, minutely denticulate below, nearly entire above.
decurrent, not or faintly recurved, papillose at back, patent
when dry. Branch-leaves denticulate all around, sublinear or
subulate-acuminate; costa faint reaching to acumen. Capsule
minute suboval; pedicel about twice longer; teeth yellowish;
segments nearly as high; lid apiculate. Stem long filiform
subpinnate; branches flagellate very long. — Trees in subtro-
pical distr. r. Amer. U. 8.: Congdon, com. Macoun; Langlois,
com. Cardot.
2.M.floridanum Austin. — Neckera Aust.; Meteorium (?) Kindb.

» Leaves cor.cave cymbiform plicate obsoletely papillose, narrowly
oblong-lanccolate, broadly revolute, entire or obsoletely serrulate;
cells minute, the basal broader; costa vanishing above middle.
Primary stem creeping with nerveless leaves; secondary stems
somewhat compressed, pendent or erect. — Trees r. Amer.
U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

Fam. 8. Hookeriacee.
20. Hookeria Taylor.
1.H.letevirens Taylor. — Cyclodictyon Mitten.

Leaves elliptic-obovate obtusate filiform-pointed, slightly ser-
rulate above; lower cells hexagonal-oval; nerves reaching above
middle. Capsule oval inclined or pendent; teeth purplish;
segments entire as high with high basal membrane; lid long-
acuminate or rostellate. Monoecious. — Rocks near water r.
Eur, Ireland: Holt and Stewart.
2.H.varians Sullivant; Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves suboblong acute sometimes short-acuminate, nearly
entire; cells round-hexagonal twice larger than in the last; ner-
ves reaching to middle. Capsule oblong horizontal or pendent,
very small; teeth purplish; segments entire; lid short-acuminate.
Polygamous. — Amer. ry. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright,
com. C. Mueller).

21, Callicostella C. Mueller.
1.C.cruceana Duby. — Hookeria Duby; Callicostella Sauerbeck
et Jeger.

Leaves oblong-lingulate not limbate, not appressed when dry;
upper cells papillose irregularly round-polygonal, lower short-
rectangular. Capsule very small, oblong or ovate-cylindric;
lid half as long; teeth dark purple, segments higher. Stem
irregularly divided. Plants small. Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et
Jam, (Mexico: Duby, herb. C. M.)

yo
a GS25

22. Pterygophyllum Bridel.
1.P.lucens L. — Hypnum L.; Pterygophyllum Brid.

Leaves plane very large, round-ovate or suboval, arrounded
at apex, pale-hyaline when emarcid; upper cells round-hexago-
nal, lower oblong. Perichetial leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate.
Capsule suboval horizontal or deflexed; teeth orange; segments
orange entire as high, their basal membrane high; lid rostrate;
pedicel long red. Tufts loose. Stem irregularly divided. Mo-
noecious. Habit of Mnium punctatum. — Wet places princ.
near rivulets. Hur. France: Zetterstedt. Italy: Arcangeli. Austria:
Schmidt Germany: Huebner. Engl.: Cash; Holt. Norway: Abn-
feldt, com. 8. Hardin. Amer. Pacif. distr. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: J. Macoun.
2.P.Sullivantii C. Mueller. — Hookeria Lq. et Jam.

Differs from the last: Leaves ovate or suboblong narrower
and less large subacuminate subacute; cells oval-oblong nearly
uniform. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. U. 8. Tennessee:
Mrs Britton, com. C. Mueller.

23. Daltonia Hooker et Taylor.
1.D.splachnoides Smith. — Neckera Sm.; Daltonia H. T.

Leaves small entire from sublinear-lanceolate base tapering
to a subsubulate shorter acumen; middle and lower inner cells
oblong-lanceolate, marginal narrow-linear yellowish; costa reaching
to acumen. Capsule small oval-oblong; teeth whitish or yello-
wish; segments entire as long without basal membrane; lid
yellow rostrate; pedicel short. Plants small. — Rocks and
trees r. Eur. Irel.: Holt; M’Ardle.

Fam. 9. Leskeacee.
24. Thelia Sullivant.

A. Leaves green fimbriate; their cilia not split.

1.T. hirtella Hedwig. — Pterigynandrum H.; Thelia Sull. ic. m.

Stem brown-tomentose; branches bilateral distant; paraphyllia
numerous. Capsule subcylindric; teeth short; segments none;
endostomial membrane elevate; lid rostrate; pedicel short. —
Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond n. 79; Lawson. U.S.:
Roell; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; com. Macoun and Cardot.
2.T.robusta Duby.

»Differs from the last: Branchlets unilateral very crowded.
Leaves r. simply costate. Endostomial segments obtuse. —
Amer, yr. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
3.T.compacta Kindb. in Ottawa Naturalist 1V.

oy

Stem brown-tomentose; branches unilateral crowded; para-
phylia none. Capsule suboblong; teeth short; segments none;
endostomial membrane low; lid not rostrate; pedicel shorter
than in T. hirtella. — Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser.

B. Leaves glaucous green; their cilia split. Lid of capsule
rostrate. Endostomial segments distinct; basal membrane elevate.
4.T.asprella Schimper. — Leskea Sch.; Thelia Sull. ie. m.

Stem brown-tomentose; branches short more or less distant,
not unilateral; paraphyllia present. Leaves fimbriate with bi-
fureate cilia. Capsule cylndric-oblong; teeth long; pedicel not
long. — Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 5.: Roell; Austin,
com. Macoun.
5.T.Leseurii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Stem not tomentose; branches unilateral elongate crowded or
distant; paraphyllia none. Leaves not fimbriate, sometimes
obtusate obtuse; cilia divided in 2, 3 or 4 lobes. Capsule cy-
lindric; teeth not long; pedicel longer than in the last. — Sandy
ground or rocks r. Amer. U. 8.: Austin, com. Macoun.

25. Pterygynandrum Hedwig.
1.P.filiforme Timm. — Hypnum T.; Pterigynandrum Hedw.

Leaves recurved below, serrulate above, often striate, us. de-
current and not appressed; upper cells oblong, lower linear-
lanceolate; costa reaching to middle or shorter. Stem-leaves
recurved nearly all around, subovate or obovate, often short-
acuminate. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong obtusate subobtuse us.
very papillose. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth hyaline or yello-
wish; segments short. Stem us. denudate at base, in American
variety creeping. — Trees and stones. Ew. common prince. in
southern distr. Switzerl., Germany, Sweden, Norway! Amer. not
common. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

*P. papillosulum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs in leaves neither striate nor decurrent, appresscd when

dry and not glossy; the younger subhyaline nearly smooth

short-acuminate acute. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.
*P.decipiens Weber et Mohr. —- Neckera W. M.; Pterygynan-

drum Lipndb.

Leaves indistinctly decurrent, not striate, gen. obtusate, ap-
pressed when dry and not glossv; those of stem less recurved.
Branches thicker. Very yr. fruiting. »Endostomial segments
as high as teeth»: Limpricht. — Rocks prince. in colder distr.
Eur, not ry. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r, Can.: Waghorne.

ea DR aes

26. Leskea Hedwig.

A. Leaves nearly uniform, more or less recurved, smooth at
borders at least below, more or less opake, often faintly papillose.
1.L.polyearpa Ehrhart.

Leaves faintly recurved near base, gen. acute short-decurrent
not much distant; those of stem ovate-oblong, those of branches
subovate. Perichetial leaves long-acuminate; costa thin. Capsule
subcylindric often large; teeth pale yellow, segments nearly as
high; lid conic acute often apiculate. Tufts often green. —
Rocks and base of trees princ. on humid places. Hur. common
below alp. regions. Sweden, Germany, Italy! Amer. notr. Can.:
Macoun; Drummond n. 223. U.8.: Jesup, com. Macoun. Greenl.:
Wenck, com. Roell.

*L.subobtusifolia C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Branch-leaves very distant and decurrent gen. obtuse. Cap-
sule not large; lid convex apiculate. — Base of trees r. Amer-
Can.: Macoun. U. 8. Ohio: Purpus, com. Roell.
2.L.obscura Hedwig; Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves recurved gen. all around, smaller than in the last,
nearly crowded and not decurrent, subovate gen. obtusate obtuse.
Perichetial leaves short-acuminate; costa thick. Capsule sub-
oblong small; teeth pale; segments short; lid conic obtuse or
subobtuse. Tufts us. dirty green. Branches shorter than in
the last. — Base of trees near water r. Amer. U.38.: Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller; Austin, com. Macoun; com. Renauld and
Cardot.

B. Leaves very diversiform, not distinctly recurved, very pa-
pillose also at borders all around, opake.
3.L.(2)Cardoti Kindb. revue bryol. 1895. — »Leskea obscura
Hedwig»: Cardot in litt.

Leaves nearly crowded; those of stem narrowly ovate-oblong
acuminate acute; those of branches broad ovate gen. subobtuse
apiculate. Capsule suboblong; peristome not seen. Habit of
Anomodon. — Amer. ry. U. S8. Louisiana: Langlois, com. J.
Cardot.

27. Lescurea Bryol. eur.

A. Costa of leaves not excurrent. Uppermost branch-leaves
r. mamillose above.
1.L.striata Schwegrichen. — Pterogonium Schw.; Lescureea
Br. eur.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate gradually acuminate recurved to the
somewhat long acumen, slightly decurrent, us. entire; cells

3

= 96s

narrowly lanceolate-linear exc. the subquadrate alar and lower
marginal, Apical cells of branch-leaves linear hyaline. Cap-
sule small oval-oblong or subcylindric; teeth orange; segments
brittle; basal membrane nearly indistinct; cilia none; lid conic
acute. Branches straight. Tufts us. green not glossy. Habit
of Pseudoleskea. — Trees prince. in southern distr. r. Eur.
France: Husnot. Italy: Bottini.

*L.saxicola (Br. eur., as var.) Molendo.

Leaves somewhat larger, gen. shorter-acuminate and denticu-
late near apex, us. yellowish and glossy. Branches often cur-
ved. Resembles Pseudoleskea decipiens. R. fruit. — Alp. rocks.
Eur. not r. Norway fruit.!
2.L.imperfecta C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from L. striata: Leaves from short subovate recurved
base suddenly narrowed to a long subulate or filiform acumen,
distinctly decurrent; upper and middle cells oval-oblong, inner
near costa oblong-linear. Capsule oblong; endostomial mem-
brane distinct; cilia short; lid subobtuse. — Earth and trees r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Costa of some leaves long-excurrent. Upper branch-lea-
ves often mamillose above.
3.L.stenophylla Renauld et Cardot. — Pseudoleskea Ren. et
Card.; Lescureea Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually long-acuminate
nearly entire, recurved below; upper cells suboblong, lower
inner oblong-lanceolate. Capsule suboblong erect or finally in-
clined; teeth brownish; segments as high (very narrow); basal
membrane very low. Tufts green or yellowish. — Rocks and
trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. alp. region: Macoun. U. 8::
Roell, com. Cardot.
4.L.frigida Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves from subovate base nearly gradually narrowed to the
long subulate or filiform-pointed acumen, recurved to it and
distinctly decurrent; cells sublinear except the quadrate alar;
costa sometimes long-excurrent. Stem-leaves gen. entire; branch-
leaves serrulate at the whole acumen, sometimes short-acumi-
nate and faintly mamillose. Capsules unknown. Stem sub-
pinnate. Tufts dark brown or blackish, not glossy. Very di-
stinct in serrulate branch-leaves and very narrow leaf-cells. —
Amer. r. Can. Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.

28. Myrinia Schimper.
1.M.pulvinata Wahlenberg. — Leskea Wng; Myrinia Schim-
per; Helicodontium Lindb.

— 7 —

Leaves ovate acute not recurved, erect when dry; upper cells
rhombic, lower oval-oblong, lowest basal subquadrate; costa va-
nishing below middle. Capsule small oval-oblong; teeth reddish;
segments lower, orange, with longitudinal line and basal mem-
brane; lid conic; pedicel short. Tufts dirty green. Branches
distant not curved. Monoecious. Habit of Leskea polycarpa
but with smaller leaves. — On base of trees, r. on rocks, princ.
near rivers, r. Eur. Sweden 1853! Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.M.Dieckii Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves gen. obtuse, sometimes recurved below, appressed
when dry; cells rhomboidal or oval-oblong except the quadrate
not well-defined alar; costa subpercurrent or somewhat shorter.
Stem leaves ovate-oblong subacute; branch-leaves broad-ovate or
suboval, sometimes indistinctly apiculate. Capsule (not ripe)
subcylindric; lid not apiculate; pedicel short smooth. Branches
distant not curved. Peristome and male flowers unknown. —
Trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.

29. Helicodontium Schwegrichen.
1.H.subeapillatum Hedwig. — Pterygynandrum H.; Helico-
dontium Kindb.; Homalothecium Schimp.; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves serrulate all around or above middle, not striate, re-
curved to acumen, very small and not appressed; alar cells
hyaline, the others rhomboidal oblong or the inner basal subli-
near; costa gen. simple vanishing near or above middle, some-
times shorter and double. Stem-leaves ovate abruptly narrowed
to a long filiform or subulate point, decurrent; branch-leaves
ovate-oblong gen. long-subulate. Perichetial leaves narrow long-
acuminate. Capsule suboblong very small; teeth red, bordered
at base (»sometimes also above»: Sull. 1. ¢.) by the rudimen-
tary endostome; lid rostellate; pedicel faintly rough, very short;
calyptra sometimes beset with long hairs. Spores large. Bran-
ches erect subdistant not or faintly curved. Dioecious. — On
bark r. Amer. U. 8.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Wolf, com.
Macoun.

Fam. 10. Entodontacez.
30. Holmgrenia Lindberg (Orthothecium Schimper).
A. Tufts loose sparingly radiculose. Leaves more or less
striate, reddish at insertion. Endostome not longer than teeth.
a. Leaves us. large and distinctly striate or plicate, recur-
ved. Branches mostly long.
1.H.chrysea Schwegrichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Holmgrenia
Lindb. 1862; Brachythecium lapponicum (Lindb.) Schimper.

EE OR. 2:

Leaves ovate-oblong subobtuse or ovate-lanceolate acute or
short-acuminate, abruptly contracted to a filiform point, us. sub-
erect when dry. Capsule cylindric suberect; lid obtuse. Tufts
golden glossy, r. greenish. Branches gen. simple. R. fruiting.
— Wet rocks and swamps in alps r. Eur. princ. in northern
districts. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.H.rufescens Dickson. — Hypnum D.; Holmgrenia Ldb.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually long-subulate and filiform
pointed, patent also when dry. Capsule cylindric erect; lid
obliquely rostellate Tufts us. copper-glossy, sometimes green.
Branches often divided. Less r. fruiting. — Wet rocks prine.
in alps. Eur. not r., often in southern distr. Norway, Switzerl.!
Amer. »Can.»: Lesq. et Jam.

*H.complanata Kindb. — Orthothecium Kindb. Laubm. Schw.
u. Norw.

Leaves less patent, smaller and shorter with shorter acumen
and not long filiform point, faintly striate. Branches often com-
planate. Capsules unknown. — Alpine rocks r. Eur. Norway!;
8. O. Lindberg and E. Nyman.

b. Leaves small, faintly or not striate, sometimes not recur-
ved. Branches us. short.
3.H.rubella Mitten. — Stereodon Mitt.; Holmgrenia Kindb.;
H. binervula Molendo.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate, abruptly contracted to
a filiform point, us. recurved and faintly striate, more or less
patent. Tufts copper-glossy or yellowish, r. olivaceous or green.
Capsules unknown. — Rocks often in crevices and caverns
prince. in alps, r. Eur. Norway!

* H.stricta Lorentz.

Leaves with shorter filiform point, less or indistinctly striate,
us. not recurved, more appressed when dry. — Eur. r. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

B. Tufts intricate radiculose. Leaves not striate, pale or
yellowish at insertion. Endostome longer than teeth.
4.Hirrorata Sendtner. — Leskea Sendt. 1848; Holmgrenia
Kindb.; Hypnum C. M. syn.; Leskea intricata Hartman 1849.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate, gradually long-subulate with
gen. filiform point, not recurved, patent and us. green and
silky glossy when dry. Capsule oval-oblong suberect; lid conic.
Stem divided; branches short often curved. Perichetial leaves
denticulate above. Very r. fruiting. — Crevices and caverns of
rocks prince. in alps, r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

31. Entodon C. Mueller (Cylindrothecium Schimper).

A. Leaves obtusate or short-acuminate, entire or near apex
denticulate-sinuolate. Endostome not much lower than teeth.

a. Leaves entire with traces of several nerves near base.
Stem pinnate eradiculose. Dioecious r. fruiting.
1.E.orthocarpus Dela Pylaie. — Hypnum Dela P.; Entodon
Lindb.; Cylindrothecium concinnum (Not.) Schimp.

Leaves ovate obtuse subcucullate at apex, not large, at in-
sertion yellow; alar cells small green. Capsule cylindric; teeth
red-yellow; annulus narrow; lid not rostellate; pedicel long.
Stem rigid pale; branches subdistant somewhat turgid. Tufts
loose green or yellowish. Habit of Hylocomium Schreberi. —
Dry earth and stone. Hur. not r. Norway! Switzerl.!; Schimper
and Philibert (fruit. specim.). Amer. r. Can. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

b. Leaves entire or near apex denticulate-sinuolate; costa
double or indistinct. Stem irregularly divided or subpinnate,
more or less radiculose. Monoecious often fruiting.

aa. Branches turgid julaceous. Leaves sometimes short-acu-
minate; costa often distinct.
2.E.seductrix Hedwig. — Neckera H.; Entodon C. M.; Cylin-
drothecium Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves oval-ovate acute sometimes with deflexed point, very
concave but not cucullate, us. quite entire; cells often wider
than in allied species, alar finally hyaline. Capsule cylindric;
teeth orange distantly articulate; annulus more or less imper-
fect; lid rostrate; pedicel us. short. Perichetial leaves acute or
short-apiculate. Tufts dense us. green. Branches crowded. —
Trees and logs in moist places. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun;
Drummond n. 160a in part, com. Macoun. U. #.: Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller; Purpus, com. Roell; com. Renauld and Cardot.
3.E.Sullivantii C. Mueller. — Cylindrothecium Sull. ic. m.

Leaves suboblong short-acuminate less concave, us. sinuolate
or denticulate near apex; cells narrow. Capsule oblong-cylin-
dric; teeth orange densely articulate; annulus perfect; lid ro-
strate; pedicel somewhat long. Perichetial leaves long-pointed.
Branches less turgid and less crowded. — Trees r. Amer. Can.:
White, com. Macoun. U. 8.: Sawyer, com. Cardot.

bb. Branches compressed. Leaves us. obtusate; costa us. in-
distinct.
4.E.cladorhizans Hedwig. — Neckera H.; Entodon C. Mueller
in part; Cylindrothecium Sulliv. icon. musc.

Leaves oval-ovate abruptly contracted to a short deflexed

—— BOr =

point or obtuse, not cucullate and not distinctly denticulate;
alar cells small not well-defined on a short-triangular space.
Capsule subcylindric; teeth red below, pale above; annulus
broad revoluble; lid acute or apiculate; pedicel about 2—3
centim. long. Branches crowded faintly compressed. Tufts

dense green or brown-yellow. —- Rocks and logs in woods.
mer, Can. r.: Macoun.
* E.transsilvanicus Demeter in revue bryol. 1885. — EK. cla-

dorhizans *minutipes Kindb. in sched.

Peristome paler. Pedicel of capsule less than 1 centim. long.
— Logs r. Eur. near Moscou: Zickendrath. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun Canad. m. 263.
5.E.Schleicheri Br. eur. — Cylindrothecium Br. eur ; Entodon
Brotherus enum. muscor. Caucas.

Differs from EF. cladorhizans: Leaves often cucullate at apex;
alar cells on a narrow-triangular space. Capsule with narrow
persistent annulus; lid conic obtuse or acute. Branches less
crowded and more compressed. Tufts somewhat loose sparingly
radiculose us. green. — Rocks and stony earth. Eur. south,
distr. Italy, Switzerl.! France: Schimper.
6.E.compressus Hedwig. — Leskea H.; Entodon C. Mueller;
Cylindrothecium Sulliv. icon. muse.

Differs from £. cladorhizans: Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
red; lid rostrate; pedicel often short. Branches more compres-
sed gen. distant. Tufts sparingly radiculose green or light
brown. — Logs r. Eur. »Russia: Pallas»: Lindberg. Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. 8.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Austin, com. Macoun.
7.E.Drummondii Bruch et Schimper. —- Cylindrothecium Br.
et Sch.; Entodon Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong acute or short-acuminate, den-
ticulate near apex, less crowded; alar cells large on a short-
triangular space, inner basal sometimes similar Perichetial
leaves serrulate at acumen. Capsule oblong-cylindric, substru-
mose at base; annulus indistinct; lid rostrate; pedicel long.
Branches complanate. Tufts green sparingly radiculose. — Sto-
nes and logs r. Amer. U. 8.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves long-acuminate crowded; costa gen. indistinct.

a. Leaves nearly entire. Endostomial segments wanting.
8.E.brevisetus Hooker et Wilson. — Neckera H. W.; Entodon
Kindb.; Cylindrothecium Br. et Sch.; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves from ovate-oblong base abruptly narrowed to a su-
bulate filiform-pointed acumen; alar cells large on a narrow-

soi es

triangular or sublinear space. Capsule subcylindric; teeth pale
red; annulus broad loosed in pieces or revoluble; lid obtuse;
pedicel often short. Branches crowded faintly compressed.
Tufts dense green or brown. Monoecious. -— On prostrate trees
yr. Amer. Can.: Moser. U. S.: Sullivant, com, C. Mueller; Austin,
com. Macoun.

b. Leaves denticulate nearly all around. Capsules unknown.
9.K.acicularis C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves with subovate base and subulate or filiform-pointed
acumen, with difficulty loosed from the stem; inner basal cells
narrow, angular suboval numerous, special alar r. distinct.
Branches julaceous. Tufts compact radiculose. Probably dioe-
cious. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
10.E.Macounii C. M. et Kindb. 1. ec.

Leaves with subovate or ovate-oblong base and subulate
acumen; lower basal cells suboval nearly similar not large.
Branches complanate. Tufts green sparingly radiculose. Dioe-

cious. — Logs r. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun.

32. Platygyrium Bryol. eur.
1.P.repens Bridel. — Pterigynandrum Brid. Platygyrium
Br. eur.

Leaves recurved entire ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acu-
minate without filiform point; upper cells rhomboidal-oblong,
middle lanceolate-linear, alar quadrate often orange on a trian-
gular space. Perichetial leaves entire long-subulate, orange at
base. Capsule oval-oblong or subcylindric; teeth orange; seg-
ments yellow linear-subulate entire, not connated at base, shor-
ter than teeth without basal membrane; lid rostellate; pedicel
gen. not long. Tufts us. glossy green. Branches short, often
curved, sometimes with small branchlets to propagation. Dioe-
cious or pseudo-monoecious. Resembles Pylaisia and Hypnum
perichetiale. — On trees or r. on rocks. Hur, not common, r.
fruiting. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.
S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
2.P.brachyeladon Bridel. — Pterigynandrum Brid.; Platygyrium
Kindb.; Neckera C. M. syn.

Differs from the last: Endostomial segments orange linear
connated at base and not shorter than teeth; lid of capsule
rostrate; monoecious. ranches straight elongate. — Trees r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.S. Michigan: Purpus, com. Roell.
33. Tripterocladium C. Mueller in Flora 1875, as subgenus.

A. Branch-leaves denticulate nearly all around.

eee 1 eee

1.T.leucocladulum C. M. — Hypnum C. M. 1. ec.

Leaves pellucid, recurved below middle; cells small short,
alar dusky numerous. Stem-leaves entire below acumen, gen. ovate-
oblong long-acuminate; cells gen. narrow. Branch-leayes sub-
ovate smaller; cells gen. oval-oblong. Perichetial Jeaves sharply
serrate. Capsule small cylindric-oval suberect; endostome without
basal membrane; lid conic acute; pedicel short. Perigonial
leaves entire broad-oval obtuse. Stem pinnate; branches slender
julaceous. — Amer. Western distr. r. U. S.: Harwev, com. C.
Mueller; Leiberg, com. Roell.
2.T.compressulum C. Mueller 1. ec.

Differs from the last: Leaves subovate gen. short-acuminate,
those of stem faintly denticulate nearly all around. Stem irre-
gularly divided. »Capsule cernuous narrowly cylindric»: C. M.
— Amer. Pacif. distr. r. U. S.: Neeve, com. C. Mueller.

B. Leaves gen. entire, only those of branches faintly denti-
culate near apex. Capsules unknown.
3.T.rupestre Kindb. cat. Can. m. — Platygyrium Kindb. bull.
Torr. club XVII.

Leaves gen. subovate. Stem irregularly divided. Tufts in-

tricate. — Differs from the both last: Stem-leaves more broadly
revolute to above middle; branch-leaves often obtusate acute;
alar cells more numerous. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

Fam. 11. Climaciacee.
34. Climacium Weber et Mohr.
1.C.dendroides L. — Hypnum L.; Climacium W. M.

Stem-leaves broadly ovate-oblong apiculate entire not decurrent.
Branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate obtuse with subcordate base, den-
ticulate above middle, sharply dentate at apex; upper cells
linear-lanceolate, lowest inner basal shorter and wider, alar and
lower basal us. red-brown. Perichetial leaves costate. Capsule
cylindric not long; teeth purplish brown; lid with not long
beak. Less often fruiting. — Wet meadows and rocks r. on
trees or in water. Eur. common! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. U.3.:
Henry, com. Cardot.

In a variety, floating in water, stem is irregularly divided.
Eur. Sweden: E. Nyman.

In an other variety (forma depauperata Boulay?), growing on
trees, the naked part of stem is nearly indistinct, leaves are
densely appressed when dry, their alar cells hyaline. Eur.
Norway near Lillehammer!

paar eee

2.C.americanum Bridel; Sullivant icon. muscor.

Stem-leaves obtuse entire long-decurrent gen. broad-ovate;
costa subpercurrent. Branch-leaves acute ovate-oblong cordate,
denticulate from base, sharply serrate above middle; inner basal
cells somewhat dilated. Perichetial leaves nerveless. Capsule
long-cylindric; lid long-rostrate; teeth orange-red. Often fruiting.
— Logs and roots of trees. Amer. common prince. in Pacif.
distr. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller; A. G. Wetherby; com. Renauld and Cardot.

In a variety (C. americanum var. Kindbergit Renauld et Car-
dot) leaves are shorter and broader; those of stem rotundate-
ovate, those of branches ovate. — Amer. U. S.: com. Renauld
and Cardot.

35, Alsia Sullivant.
1.A.longipes Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sulliv. icon. m.

Stem-leaves obtusate ovate-oblong denticulate above; branch-
leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, obtusate or short-acuminate, serrate
above, entire and recurved below; upper cells round-oval, lower
suboblong; costa dentate above at back, reaching to acumen.
Capsule cylindric erect; segments rimose; cilia appendiculate;
lid rostrate. Branches pinnate slightly curved, not much tur-
gid. Dioecious. —-- Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Boleender, com. Re-
nauld.
2.A.circinnata Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Alsia Kindb.; Eu-
rhynchium Bryol. eur.

Lower stem-leaves from broad-ovate base long-acuminate,
minutely denticulate; upper cells lanceolate-linear, lower oblong-
lanceolate; costa vanishing in acumen. Branch-leaves small
ovate-oblong acute, serrate above, denticulate and recurved below;
inner cells gen. suboblong, middle suboval; costa subpercurrent
dentate at back. Capsule subovate inclined or horizontal, not
or slightly curved; segments split; cilia and lid as in the last.
Branches turgid circinnate subpinnate. Dioecious r. fruiting.
Habit of Isothecium Breweri and Pterogonium. — Earth and
stone r. Eur. Italy: Bottini; Roell; Arcangeli. France: Henry,
com. Husnot. Engl.: Curnow. Ivel.: Holt.

Scorpiurium rivale Schimper, differing in ovate obtusate
entire leaves with suboval cells, is by Prof. Boulay regarded
as a state of this species. — In water r. Hur, France: Boulay,
com. Husnot.

36. Isothecium Bridel.

A. Branches not compressed.

peer eer

1.Myura. Leaves gen. obtusate or short-pointed, not decurrent;
upper cells (either on stem- or branchleaves) rhombic-oblong;
costa gen. short. Branches us. curved, often julaceous. Dioe-
cious.

2.Myosuroidea. Leaves gen. long-acuminate, often short-decur-
rent; borders not or near base recurved; upper cells lanceolate;
costa us. reaching to acumen. Branches not julaceous, often
curved. Dioecious not often fruiting.

3.Stolonifera. Leaves long-acuminate us. recurved to acumen;
cells linear; costa reaching to or in acumen. Branches not
julaceous, us. straight, often with numerous flagelle (stolons).
Monoecious or pseudo-monoecious often fruiting.

B. Branches compressed.
4.Thamnioidea, Leaves small not decurrent, subdistichous gen.
obtusate; upper cells suboval or rotundate. Branches r. curved.
Dioecious.

1. Myura.

A. Leaves obtusate or short-acuminate.

a. Stem-leaves entire at least below middle; costa short faint.
1.I.myurum Pollich. — Hypnum Poll.; Isothecium Rridel.

Stem-leaves suboblong acute gen. obtusate, denticulate above;
branch-leaves oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate faintly denticu-
late; upper cells rhombic-oblong, lower sublinear, alar rotun-
date on a round or short-triangular space; costa vanishing near
middle. Perichetial leaves serrate above middle, subulate acu-
minate sometimes filiform-pointed. Capsule cylindric-oblong
erect; teeth pale yellow; segments pale as high; cilia short; lid
apiculate or rostellate; pedicel smooth. Branches crowded fasci-
culate not julaceous. Tufts loose green. Not r. fruiting. —
Trees, rocks and earth in woods. Eur. common. Sweden, Ger-
many, Switzerl:!
2.I.cireinnans Schimper. — Hypnum Sch.; C. M. syn.; Iso-
thecium Sauter; ILmyurum var. robustum Schimp. syn. in part.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger and broader, oval-oblong
subobtuse entire; perichetial entire with very short acumen.
Stem pinnate; branches julaceous often acute. Tufts dense. —
Rocks r. Eur. Spain, Switzerl.! France: Husnot.
3...aplocladum Mitten.

Stem-leaves from ovate-oblong base abruptly narrowed to a
short subulate or filiform point, faintly denticulate above; cells
sublinear also at apex; costa short but distinct. Branch-leaves
oval-oblong obtusate obtuse or subacute, serrate nearly all

mee ee

around; apical cells suboblong; costa vanishing near middle.
Stem pinnate not radiculose; branches curved nearly crowded
and subjulaceous. Tufts brown-green. »Capsule suberect oval-
cylindric; lid acuminate; pedicel slightly rough»: Lesq. et Jam.
— Amer. Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Macoun. U. 8. Oregon mt Hood:
Roell.

4...brachycladon Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the last: Leaves smaller; those of stem subovate
nearly entire with very short or indistinct costa; branch-leaves
sometimes short-acuminate. Stem creeping irregularly divided;
branches distant very short, slightly curved and not julaceous.
Tufts bright green. Capsules unknown. Habit of J. striatulum.
— Under damp rocks r. Amer. Can. Vane. isl.: Macoun 1898.

b. Stem-leaves denticulate below middle; costa thick reaching
to "/s. Leaves not large.

5... Breweri Lesquereux. — Hypnum Lq.; Isothecium Kindb.

Stem-leaves ovate acute or short-acuminate, denticulate below,
serrate above; branch-leaves suboblong acute more sharply ser-
rate; upper and middle cells rhombic or oblong-rhomboidal,
lower lanceolate, alar short on a long space. Perichetial leaves
abruptly contracted to a very long subulate serrate acumen.
Capsule small subcylindric erect or inclined; teeth yellow higher
than segments; cilia loug; lid acute. Tufts dense subintricate
us. brown and glossy. Stem subpinnate; branches crowded
julaceous. Habit of Pterogonium. — Rocks r. Amer, Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Brewer, Henderson and Miss Mann,
com. Cardot.
6...myurellum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Differs from the last: Leaves more sharply serrate above;
cells narrower, middle linear, alar disposed on a short space.
Perichetial leaves nearly entire with short filiform point. Cap-
sule suboval; lid mamillate or subapiculate. Tufts loose not
glossy, often dark green. Stem pinnate; branches distant. —
Trees r. Amer, Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. &.: Boleender,
com. Cardot.
7.1..hylocomioides Kindb. — TI. myosuroides subsp., Kindb.
note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Differs from I. Breweri: Leaves shorter, subovate gen. sub-
obtuse, more sharply serrate above to below middle; apical
cells oval-oblong, middle and lower lincar, alar disposed on a
short space. Perichetial leaves minutely denticulate. Capsule
cylindric oblong sometimes curved; teeth pale yellow; cilia short;

amy en

lid not seen. Tufts loose green or brown-green. Stem bipin-
nate; branches numerous not julaceous, often with short fla-
gelle. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. long-acuminate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceo-
late; costa thick gen. long. Stem irregularly pinnate. Leaves
somewhat large.
8...thamnioides Kindb. n. sp. — »I. aggregatum» Kindb. cat.
Can. m.

Stem-leaves denticulate below, serrate or twice serrulate above;
upper cells rhombic or rhomboidal. Branch-leaves serrate nearly
all around; upper cells lanceolate-linear, middle and lower sub-
linear, alar disposed on a short space. Perichetial leaves ser-
rate. Capsule cylindric inclined or slightly curved; lid short-
acuminate; teeth yellow; eilia short appendiculate. Tufts loose
glossy green. Branches long-attenuate nearly crowded not jula-
ceous. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane. isl.: Ma-
coun.
9.Laggregatum Mitten. — Hypnum Mitt.; Isothecium Kindb.

»Lower leaves spreading broadly hastate ovate-acuminate
subecostate; those on the middle of the branches broadly ovate;
those near the top costate-acuminate sulbjulaceous imbricate
serrulate toward the acute apex. Perichetial leaves ovate-lanceo-
late acuminate nerved to middle, serrate and reflexed at apex.
Capsule cylindrical irregular inclined; lid conical acuminate;
segments narrow (?); cilia solitary short. The author compares
it, on account of the julaceous imbrication of the leaves, to
some states of Pterogonium gracile, while other stems have a
resemblance to Hypnum myurum. -— Amer. Vance. isl. and Brit.
Col.»: Lesq. et Jam. man.
10.1.Howei Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves entire below middle, serrate above, often filiform-poin-
ted; areolation as in I. Breweri; costa vanishing near middle,
Capsule erect subcylindric. Branches crowded subjulaceous
somewhat long and numerous. Tufts dirty green not glossy.
— On decaying branches r. Amer. U. 8. California: Marshall
A. Howe.

2. Myosuroidea.

A. Middle and lower inner leaf-cells linear, alar finally
yellowish. Branch-leaves not striate. Lid of capsule acute or
short-rostrate. Stem often distinctly tree-like.
11.I.myosuroides L. — Hypnum L.; Isothecium Bridel; Eu-
rhynchium Schimper.

= er aa

Leaves serrulate all around, recurved only near base, subde-
current not densely crowded; alar cells numerous finally yellow
on a suboval space; costa smooth well-distinct gen. long but
not reaching to acumen. Stem-leaves subovate short-acumina-
te often with long filiform point; branch-leaves narrowly ovate-
oblong long-acuminate with short filiform point. Perichetial
leaves contracted to a long serrulate subulate filiform-pointed
acumen. Capsule subcylindric us. inclined; cilia short; lid
short-rostrate. Stem suberect or decumbent; branches some-
times flagellate. Tufts loose us. green. — On rocks and base
of trees. Hu. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.
(not in Pacif. distr.): Macoun; Waghorne.

12.1. Holtii Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter and crowded; those of
branches broad-ovate subobtuse without filiform point. Capsule
suboval larger. Stem rigid; branches subjulaceous. — Stones
by rivers r. Hur, Engl. Wales: G. A. Holt 1885.
13.I.tenuinerve Kindb. check-list of Eur. and N. Amer. mosses.
— I. myosuroides brevinerve Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1893.

Differs from I. myosuroides: Leaves narrower with long fili-
form point; alar cells often finally brown on a round space.
Stem-leaves nearly entire; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate; costa
us. faint vanishing far below acumen, sometimes double or in-
distinct. Lid of capsule conic acute not rostellate. — Rocks
in woods. Hur. not r. Sweden! Germany: Huebner. France:
Husnot m. Gall. Feroer: com. C. Jensen. Amer. r, Can.: Waghorne.
14.L.acuticuspis Mitten; Lesq. et Jam. man.

»Leaves loosely imbricate; those below the perichetium cor-
date-ovate narrowly long-acuminate, minutely serrulate on the
borders, nearly smooth at the cuspidate apex, with a very short
diffused costa, forking or entire, vanishing in middle; cells of
basal angles obscured or dusky; leaves of branchlets elliptical-
ovate acute serrulate nerved to the middle; the perichetial su-
bulate from an oblong ecostate base, recurved, very entire.
Capsule oval inclined; pedicel short; lid conical; cilia short. —
Mitten, who had seen only two stems of this moss, says that
it may be H. Brewerianum Lesq., but that the description of
that species is not sufficiently complete to be quite certain. —
Amer. Brit. Col.: Douglas»: Lesq. et Jam. 1. ¢c. (Authentical
specimens not seen).

B. Leaf-cells oblong-lanceolate, lowest basal oval-quadrate,
alar green. Branch-leaves faintly striate. Lid of capsule long-
rostrate. Stem decumbent; branches short.

eS

15.I.striatulum Spruce. — Hypnum Spr.; Isothecium Kindb.;
Eurhynchium Schimp.; »Hypnum filescens Bridel»: C. M. syn.

Leaves serrulate all around, recurved below, subdecurrent
not densely crowded; costa long stout often rough at back.
Stem-leaves subovate with long subulate or filiform often twi-
sted acumen. Branch-leaves ovate or broadly ovate-oblong,
short-acuminate without filiform point. Capsule oval-oblong;
cilia long. Tufts green not glossy. Resembles often I. myosu-
roides in habit. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks r. Eur. Switzerl!!
Sweden: Lindberg. France: Philibert. Italy: Arcangeli.

3. Stolonifera.
16.I.stoloniferum Hooker. — Hypnum Hook.; Isotheeium
Bridel.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate with long often filiform-pointed
acumen, serrate above, entire below middle, decurrent; alar
cells on a short space. Perichetial leaves long-subulate with
filiform point. Capsule oval-oblong; teeth pale; cilia long; lid
acute or apiculate. Tufts soft green or whitish green, faintly
or silky glossy. Branches crowded; flagelle numerous long
slender. — Trees. Amer. Pacif. distr. not uncommon. Can.: J.
Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Howell, com. Cardot.
17.Lspieuliferum Mitten.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger, serrate nearly all around,
not decurrent; perichetial short-subulate. Capsule oblong; teeth
pale; cilia short. Tufts less soft us. brownish and glossy.
Branches shorter, less slender, often less crowded; flagelle often
wanting. — Trees. Amer. Pacif. distr. not uncommon. Can.:
Macoun; Roell. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
18.1.Cardoti Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves larger than in the both last, shorter acuminate; those
of stem faintly denticulate below with an at apex twisted acu-
men; cells often yellow. Perichetial leaves long-subulate. Cap-
sule oval; teeth yellow; cilia long; lid acute. Stem often pin-
nate; branches not crowded; flagelle thick r. present. More
robust than the both last. Tufts us. brown. — Trees r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8. Roell, com. J. Cardot.

4, Thamnioidea.
19.Lobtusatulum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Stem-leaves broad-ovate short acuminate acute, recurved below,
serrate above; branch-leaves smaller, suboval obtusate often
obtuse; upper (sometimes also the middle) cells oval or broad-
oblong, middle narrowly oblong or sublanceolate; costa reaching

— 89 —

to ‘J, or shorter. Capsule oblong; teeth yellowish; cilia nodose
shorter; lid muticous acute. Stem pinnate; branches gen. distant,

often flagelliferous. Tufts dark green. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.
Vane. isl.: Roell 1888, Macoun 1893.
20.1.Holzingeri Renauld et Cardot. — Thamnium Ren. et

Card.; Isothecium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves more obtuse, not recurved,
less crowded; nearly all cells suboval or broad-oval, upper round-
hexagonal. Stem-leaves oblong-lingulate obtusate gen. obtuse;
branch-leaves ovate-oblong often subacute. Lid of capsule with
oblique beak. — Amer. r. U. S. Californ.: Marshall A. Howe.

37. Pterogonium Swartz.
1.P.ornithopodioides Hudson. — Hypnum Huds.; Pterogonium
Lindberg; P. gracile Swartz.

Leaves from broad-oval base gen. short-acuminate, more or
less sharply serrate at acumen; angular cells rotundrate-qua-
drate, inner basal elongate; middle cells oval; costa vanishing
near middle. Capsule subcylindric; lid subapiculate; calyptra
hairy; pedicel long. Branches thick julaceous curved when dry.
R. fruiting. — Rocks and trees gen. r. Eur. not r. in south,
distr. Switzerl.! Amer. r. U. S.: Brewer, com. Cardot.

38. Hylocomium Bryol. eur.

A. Stem with gen. numerous paraphyllia.

a. Stem simply pinnate. Leaves somewhat large; costa so-
metimes simple.

I. Eu-Hylocomium. Leaves not mamillose. Pedicel of
capsule smooth.

b. Stem us. bi- or tripinnate. Leaves gen. small; costa double.
II. Pleurozinm. Leaves mamillose. Pedicel smooth.

TI. Hyocomium. Leaves not mamillose. Pedicel rough.

B. Stem simply pinnate without paraphyllia.

IV. Hypnopsis. Leaves somewhat large, sometimes mamil-
lose; costa often simple. Pedicel r. rough.
I. Eu-Hylocomium.

A. Stem-leaves serrate only at apex. Branch-leaves sharply
serrate or fimbriate also below middle. Branches subjulaceous
often turgid.
1.H.pyrenaicum Spruce. — Hypnum Spr.; Hylocomium Lindb.;
Hypnum fimbriatum Hartman; H. Oakesii Sull. ic. m.; Hylo-
comium Schimp.

Leaves orange at insertion; alar cells not defined; costa often
simple. Stem-leaves ovate acute sometimes short-acuminate;

2 AU)

branch-leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate often long-acu-
minate. Capsule suboval; lid conic mamillate. Stem red; pa-
raphyllia numerous. R. fruiting. — Earth and rocks prince. in
alps gen. r. Hur. Norway, Switzerl.!| Sweden: Hartman. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves denticulate or serrate all around. Branches not

turgid.

a. Leaves green; costa double.
2.H.brevirostre Ehrhart. — Hypnum Ehrh.; Hylocomium
Br. eur.

Stem with numerous paraphyllia. Leaves diversiform; an-
gular cells small suboblong hyaline, the lower (special alar)
brown somewhat large. Stem-leaves from very broad-cordate
base abruptly tapering to a narrowly subulate acumen, brown
at insertion, minutely denticulate. Branch-leaves serrate ovate-
oblong gen. gradually acuminate. Perichetial leaves pale green
abruptly narrowed to the dentate us. subulate, patent or de-
flexed acumen, often serrate below it. Capsule oval-oblong
curved; lid us. rostellate. — Earth, stone and trees. Hur. not
yr. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Moser.
U. S&S: A. G. Wetherby.
3.H.ealvescens Wilson. — Pleurozium Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Stem with few paraphyllia. Leaves uniform subdistant den-
ticulate from cordate broad-ovate base gradually long-acuminate;
angular cells large hyaline, only the lowest brown. Perichetial
leaves hyaline nearly gradually narrowed to the serrate falcate
filiform-pointed acumen. Capsule suboval curved; lid mamillate
or subacute. Very r. fruiting. Resembles the last and Hyp-
num squarrosum, from which it differs in leaves not falcate
when moist, shorter pedicel of capsule ete. — Earth in woods
yr. Hur. Sweden: Hj. Holmgren, com. M. Huss; Arnell; E. Ny-
man; P. Dusén. Norway: Zetterstedt. Finl.: V. F. Brotherus.

b. Leaves serrate sometimes brown-green; costa simple. Pa-
raphyllia few.
4.H.striatum Schreber. — Hypnum Schreb.; Hylocomium
Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.; Eurhynchium Br. eur.

Leaves subdistant green very plicate when dry; alar cells
few large subrectangular hyaline; costa vanishing in acumen.
Stem-leaves broad-ovate obtusate; branch-leaves acuminate nar-
rower; perichetial hyaline with dilated cells, denticulate above
middle of basal part. Capsule large arcuate finally blackish;
lid rostrate. Stem not decumbent; branches distant often attenuate.

Not rv. fruiting. Earth and stone in woods. Eur. not uncommon.
Sweden, Germany, France, Switzerl.!

5.H.meridionale Schimper. — Hypnum Sch.; Hylocomium
Kindb.

Leaves crowded brown-green faintly striate; angular cells nu-
merous oval-rectangular not large, lower dusky. All leaves
long-acuminate with very broad subcordate base, often filiform-
pointed, nearly spreading when moist; costa vanishing at base
of acumen. Perichetial leaves yellow with very narrow cells,
denticulate only at acumen Capsule small subobovate brown;
lid rostellate; pedicel much shorter than in the last. Stem
decumbent; branches crowded obtuse often curved. Very r.
fruiting. — On stone r. Hur. France: Husnot; Philibert; Ber-
thoumieu. Italy: Bottini; Arcangeli. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell.

IJ. Pleurozium Sullivant.
6.H.proliferum L. — Hypnum L.; Hylocomium Lindberg;
H. splendens (Hedw.) Br. eur.

Basal stem-leaves long-acuminate us. hyaline; middle (larger)
stem-leaves decurrent ovate-oblong abruptly short-acuminate,
serrate above middle; basal cells numerous purplish or r. orange,
angular dilated subrectangular. Branch-leaves suboblong obtusate
often acute, minutely denticulate above. Capsule suboblong or
arcuate; lid rostrate; pedicel long. Stem proliferous by new
shoots; branches large distant. — Earth in woods common.
Eur. Sweden etc.! Amer.: Macoun etc.
7.H.alaskanum James. — Hypnum Jam.; Hylocomium Kindb,

Less robust than the last, often simply pinnate; branches us.
crowded. —- Stem-leaves smaller not decurrent more crowded,
ovate obtuse or short-pointed, faintly serrulate above; lower
basal cells reddish not numerous, angular indistinct. Branch-
leaves subovate or suboblong gen. obtuse nearly entire. Cap-
sules unknown. — On earth in open heaths prince. in alps.
Eur. Norway! Sweden (below alps)! Spetsbergen: R. Gyllen-
creutz. Switzerl.: Culmann, com. Husnot. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun; Dall, herb. James, com. C. Mueller. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne.

Ill. Hyocomium Br. eur. in part.
8.H.umbratum Ehrhart. -- Hypnum Ehrh.; Hylocomium
Br. eur.

Leaves sharply fimbriate, at least those of branches; lower
basal cells dilated. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate;
branch-leaves oblong-lanceolate. Capsule oval-oblong; lid conic

4

apiculate; pedicel faintly rough. Not often fruiting. — Stones,
logs and earth in woods. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
ry. Can,; Macoun; Waghorne.

9.H.flagellare Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks.; Hylocomium Kindb.
Laubm. 8. u. N.

Leaves sharply serrate all around; angular cells dilated oval-
oblong very numerons. Stem-leaves from short base long-acu-
minate, sometimes filiform-pointed; branch-leaves shorter-acu-
minate. Capsule oblong; lid apiculate. R_ fruiting. — Wet
rocks near running water r. Eur. Spain! Engl.: Holt.

IV. Hypnopsis Kindb.

A. ‘Pedicel of capsule smooth. Costa of leaves us. double.

a. Leaves denticulate mamillose very large, squarrose.
10.H.triquetrum L. — Hypnum L.; Hylocomium Sch.

Leaves densely crowded, often striate; nerves us. two. Stem-
leaves ovate-cordate acute sometimes short-acuminate; branch-
leaves longer-acuminate; angular cells dilated subrectangular
hyaline. Capsule arcuate, striate when dry; teeth purplish;
cilia long; lid acute or apiculate. Stem erect. Earth in woods,
gen. common. — Eur.! Amer.: Macoun etc.

b. Leaves not mamillose, appressed when dry; those of stem
entire or indistinctly denticulate.
11.H.Schreberi Willdenow. — Hypnum W.; Hylocomium
Kindb.; Hylocomium parietinum Lindberg.

Stem red; branches gen. not turgid. Leaves not or faintly
striate; upper cells lanceolate, middle sublinear, lower inner
oblong-lanceolate often yellow; angular cells suboval red-yellow,
special alar’ not well-defined; costa short double. Stem-leaves
broad-ovate entire obtuse or apiculate; branch-leaves oblony
subacute denticulate at apex. Capsule suboblong arcuate; teeth
pale; segments open in middle; lid acute; pedicel long or short.
Not r. fruiting. — Earth in woods and heaths common. L£ur:!
Amer. Macoun etc.
12.H.purum L. — Hypnum L.; Hylocomium Notaris.

Stem pale or yellowish; branches turgid. Leaves striate us.
green; cells green, lowest basal large suboval, alar not much
larger, the others gen. linear; costa short double or simple
reaching above middle. Stem-leaves round-oval abruptly narro-
wed to a short subulate point, nearly entire; branch-leaves
suboblong subacute denticulate all around. Capsule suboblong
arcuate; teeth yellow; segments split in middle; lid rostellate;
pedicel us. long. R. fruiting. — Earth in woods and heaths.

a

Eur. not uncommon, Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. » Mi-
quelon isl.»: Cardot.

B. Pedicel of capsule rough. Costa of leaves simple.
13.H.megaptilum Sullivant. — Camptothecium Sull. icon.
musc.; Hylocomium Kindb.

Stem pale, branches thick not distinctly turgid. Leaves pli-
cate shining not decurrent, green or finally yellowish, larger
than in the last; costa dentate at back vanishing near or above
middle. Stem-leaves entire broadly ovate-oblong abruptly nar-
rowed to a somewhat long subulate filiform-pointed acumen;
alar cells few simall suboval, the others linear. Branch-leaves
denticulate above middle, serrate in upper part, gen. ovate-
oblong, obtusate with short broad subacute point; apical cells
lanceolate-oblong, the others linear exc. the alar. Perichetial
leaves long-subulate. Capsule large oval-oblong or arcuate;
teeth yellow; segments entire; cilia long appendiculate; pedicel
often long. Often pseado-monoecious. — On ground in woods
r, Amer, U. S. prince. in Pacif. distr: Hall and Howell, com.
Macoun; Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

39. Girgensohnia (Lindberg, as subgenus) Kindb.
1.G.ruthenica Weinmann. — Hypnum Weinm.; Climacium
Lindb.; Sulliv. icon. m.

Lower stem-leaves squamiform hyaline entire. Other stem-
leaves broad round-ovate obtuse short-pointed; branch-leaves
broadly ovate-lanceolate subobtuse long-decurrent, denticulate
below middle, sharply serrate above; upper cells lanceolate-
oblong, lower inner sublinear; costa dentate at back not per-
current. Capsule oblong-cylindric; lid conic acute or apiculate;
pedicel not long. — Amer. vy. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

40. Thamnium Bryol. eur.

A. Leaves sharply serrate above, gen. large; costa dentate
above or smooth, not percurrent.

a. Stem-leaves broad subovate. Lid of capsule rostrate; cilia
of endostome long appendiculate.
1.T.alopecurum L. — Hypnum L.; Thamnium Br. eur.

Branches more or less compressed sometimes flagelliferous.
Middle stem-leaves ovate subobtuse or acute not fimbriate;
branch-leaves narrow-oblong acuminate acute; middle cells oval-
oblong, inner basal sublinear; costa dentate subpercurrent. Cap-
sule suboblong; pedicel nearly straight us. prolonged. Dioe-
cious not often fruiting. — Shaded often damp rocks. Eur.
not r. Sweden, Switzerl.!

a eee

2.T.Leibergii Britton.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, those of branches
broadly oval-oblong less acuminate; cells larger, middle oval,
lower oblong-linear; costa shorter. Capsule suboval; pedicel

somewhat short. — Damp rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.&.:
Roell; Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.
3.T.alleghaniense C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M.: Sulliv. icon.

m.; Thamnium Schimper.

Branches turgid. Middle stem-leaves ovate obtuse often fim-
briate above; branchleaves suboval obtusate subacute very con-
cave; cells not much larger than in TZ. alopecurum, middle oval,
inner basal oblong-linear; costa thick nearly smooth not much
long. Capsule suboblong; pedicel curved not long. Sometimes
synoecious or monoecious. — Damp rocks and shaded banks.
Amer. not r. Can. r.: Macoun. U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun.

b. Stem-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate. Capsules unknown.

4.T.Toccoe Sullivant et Lesquereux. —- Anomodon §. et Lq.;
Sull. icon. muse.; Thamnium Kindb.

Branches turgid often curved. Leaves sharply serrate or
fimbriate above; cells very small nearly all uniform seriate;
costa smooth subpercurrent. Stem-leaves acute with short
acumen or point, faintly recurved below; inner cells suboval,
few apical sometimes sublinear. Branch-leaves smaller narro-
wer longer-acuminate more distinctly recurved. Perichetial
leaves narrow filiform-pointed costate. — Rocks r. Amer. U.S.
Georgia: Lesquereux, com. Renauld; Small, com. Roell.

c. Leaves narrow, those of stem lanceolate-linear, those of
branches sublanceolate. Capsules unknown.
5.T.angustifolium Holt.

Middle stem-leaves acuminate serrate; middle and lower cells
suboval; costa thick very broad below. Branches more slender
than in T. alopecurum. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Engl.: G. A. Holt.

B. Leaves small narrow sharply serrate all around; costa
dentate at back in its whole length, percurrent or subexcurrent.
Capsules unknown.
6.T.micro-alopecurum Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves suboblong decurrent: cells nearly uniform round-
rhombic or subquadrate; costa narrow. Stem low; branches
turgid. — Amer. r. U. S. Oregon: J. A. Hertzian, com. E.
Nyman 1886.

Ee = eee

Fam. 12. Thuidiaces.

41. Myurella Bryol. eur.

A. Leaves densely crowded not acuminate, soon becoming
whitish green. Perichetial leaves subulate-acuminate r. with
liliform point. Capsule with very short or indistinct neck.
1.M.julacea Villars. — Hypnum Vill; Myurella Br. eur.

Leaves round-ovate obtuse faintly denticulate us. not strongly
papillose, r. with short filiform point. Capsule suboblong;
cilia short; lid conic. Tufts sparingly, gen. only at base, radi-

culose. R. fruiting. — On rocks or on base of trees. Hur.
not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
*M.gracillima Kindb. n. subsp. — M. julacea var. gracilis

Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaves, at least the upper, acute with filiform point, smaller
than in our other species. Tufts compact densely radiculose also
above. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway near
Kongsvold!

B. Leaves distant acuminate filiform-pointed; perichetial also
with filiform point. Capsule distinctly necked. R. fruiting.
2.M.tenerrima Bridel. — Pterigynandrum Brid. 1819; Myu-
rella Lindb.; M. apiculata (Hueb.) Br. eur.

Leaves slightly papillose faintly denticulate not much distant,
subovate nearly gradually acuminate. Capsule obovate; cilia
long; lid conic. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway! »Amer.»: Berg-
gren; Lesq. et Jam.
3.M.gracilis Weinmann. — Hypnum Wm. 1845; Myurella
Lindb.; M. Careyana Sulliv. ic. m.

Leaves very papillose coarsely dentate or fimbriate gen. much
distant, broad-ovate abruptly acuminate. Capsule thick piri-
form; cilia sometimes short; lid obtuse. — Limestone rocks.
Eur. yr. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. Amer. less r. Can.:
Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.

42. Heterocladium Bryol. eur.

A. Leaves distinctly dimorphous. Stem with paraphyllia.

a. Leaves smooth, r. mamillose at apex.
1.H.procurrens Mitten. — Pterogonium Mitt.; Heterocladium
Kindb.; Macoun Canad. musci n. 498; Hypnum, subg. Hetero-
cladium, Lesq. et Jam.; Heterocladium aberrans Ren. et Card.

Leaves denticulate all around, not distinctly recurved, distant,
spreading when dry; costa double. Stem-leaves from ovate
base gradually tapering to a long filiform or subulate point,

35 AG ee

decurrent; alar cells suboval, apical and inner basal sublinear,
the others oval-oblong. Branch-leaves ovate mostly obtusate
sometimes short-acuminate or apiculate; cells suboval except
the inner basal. Outer perichetial leaves subohlong with long
narrow falcate acumen; inner much narrower, gradually subu-
late and nerveless with linear cells. Capsule inclined oval not
curved (in Canadian specimens), sometimes (according to figu-
res by Renauld and Cardot) suboblong oblique or faintly curved;
teeth vellow; segments rimose; cilia short nodose; lid high con-
vex with short point; pedicel smooth 1,5—3 centim. long.
Stem pinnate. Tufts green very loose. Dioecious. — On wet
rocks and base of trees in alp. regions; Amer, Western slope
r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves papillose; apical cells .at least on stem-Jeaves)
narrow, also the inner basal.
2.A.squarrosulum Voit. — Hypnum Voit; Heterocladium
Lindb.; Hypnum dimorphum Brid.; Heterocladium Br. eur.

Leaves denticulate all around, not recurved, pellucid; inner
cells gen. rotundate; costa us. double. Stem-leaves from round-
ovate decurrent base gen. long-acuminate, r. obtuse, us. sprea-
ding when dry. Branch-leaves broad-ovate obtusate or short-
acuminate, often appressed when dry. Outer perichetial leaves
nerveless with falcate acumen. Capsule inclined subovate or
arcuate; teeth yellow; segments rimose; cilia long; lid subconic.
Stem often subpinnate; branches obtuse. Dioecious r. fruiting.
— Earth and rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzer!.!
Amer. eastern distr. r. Can.: Moser; Waghorne.
3.H.Austini Sullivant.— Leskea Sull. ic. muse.; Heterocladium
Kindb.

Leaves entire, slightly recurved below, ovate at base, not
spreading when dry; costa simple faint sometimes prolonged to
acumen. Stem-leaves short-acuminate; branch-leaves with lon-
ger, subulate acumen. Perichetial leaves with subfiliform point,
inner erect. Capsule suboblong erect; lid obtuse; endoztome
unknown. Stem not pinnate. Monoecious. — Trees and stone-
walls r. Amer. U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun. — The figures
by Sullivant not are exactly agreeing with typical specimens.

B. Leaves uniform papillose denticulate not recurved, not
spreading when drv; upper cells short wide, alar not detined;
costa not reaching above middle. Capsules unknown. Stem
irregularly divided without paraphyllia. Dioecious.
4.H.triste Cesati. — Leskea Ces.; Heterocladium Kindb.; Ano-
modon Sullivant.

a

Leaves brittle from subovate base contracted to a sublinear
obtuse acumen, denticulate all around, distant but not decurrent;
cells round-hexagonal except some oblong near the simple costa.
Tufts loose blackish green when dry. — Rocks and trees r.
Eur. Italy, Switzerl.! Amer. U. 8.: Austin, com. Macoun; James,
com. Boswell.
5.H.frullaniopsis C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves not brittle, round-oval obtusate cochleariform, minu-
tely denticulate above middle, decurrent; upper cells rhombic,
lower oblong; costa more or less distinct, sometimes stout and
simple. Tufts dark green. — Trees r. Amer, Can. N. Brunsw.:
Moser, com. Macoun.

43. Pseudoleskeella Kindb., new genus,

A. Leaves distinctly denticulate.

a. Leaves dimorphous; those of stem acuminate acute.
1.P.heteroptera Bruch. — Pterogonium Bruch; Heterocladium
Br. eur.

Leaves opake very papillose, ovate-oblong serrulate all around,
slightly recurved near base; cells gen. rotundate-quadrate.
Stem-leaves gen. longer-acuminate; inner basal cells elongate;
costa pellucid us. double. Branch-leaves subdistant often ob-
tuse. Capsule small suboval sometimes erect; teeth pale, seg-
ments rimose as high; cilia long; lid obliquely rostrate; pedicel
short. Stem r. subpinnate; branches attenuate or acute, fasci-
culate or distant, often flagellate. Dioecious very r. fruiting.
-— Rocks r. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.:
Macoun; Drummond n. 219. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
2.P.vancouveriensis Kindb.; Thuidium bull. Torr. club XVII;
Heterocladium cat, Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves pellucid faintly papillose, below
middle entire and often recurved; cells larger gen. more rotun-
date or suboval; costa of stem-leaves simple opake. Capsule
sometimes horizontal; lid conic acuminate. Stem subpinnate;
branches short r. flagellate. Monoecious. -—— Rocks r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
3.P.denticulata Sullivant. — Leskea Sull. ic. m5; Hypnum
fabronizfolium C. M. syn.

Leaves pellucid faintly papillose minutely denticulate nearly
all around; alar cells quadrate sometimes dilated, marginal
rhombic, the others gen. suboblong; costa double very short
or indistinct. Stem-leaves from round-ovate base abruptly
long-acuminate; branch-leaves subovate short-acuminate concave

eres |

faintly recurved below at one side. Capsule suboval suberect;
teeth yellow scarcely higher than the rimose segments; cilia
rudimentary or wanting; lid rostrate or rostellate; pedicel short.
Tufts bright green. Branches somewhat compressed. Dioecious
r. fruiting. — Base of trees r. Amer. U. S. middle and south.
states: Austin, com. Macoun.

b. Leaves nearly uniform.
4.P.occidentalis Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull. icon. m.

Leaves pellucid nearly smooth obtusate obtuse subovate or
ovate-oblong, denticulate above, faintly recurved at base; alar
cells small quadrate, inner basal lanceolate, the others gen.
rhombic-oval; costa often indistinct sometimes reaching to middle.
Capsule suboval straight suberect or inclined oblong slightly
curved; segments entire as high as teeth; cilia nodose shorter;
lid conic rostellate; pedicel not long. Tufts green silky glossy.
Stem irregularly branching or subbipinnate. Habit of Pterygy-
nandrum in sterile state. — Base of trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Macoun. »U. S.: Hall»: Sullivant. — Not described in
Lesq. et Jam. man.
5.P.homalostegia C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M. in Flora 1873.

»Leaves faintly papillose obsoletely denticulate not recurved,
from cordate base broad-ovate short-acuminate, suberect when
moist; alar cells quadrate, the others narrowly elliptic; costa
short double. Capsule subcylindric asymmetric horizontal; teeth
red; segments yellow; cilia short; lid nearly flat with short
point; pedicel not long. Tufts dusky green. Branches jula-
ceous; stem creeping. Monoecious. — Bark of trees r. Amer.
U. S. Alabama: Mohr»: C. M.

B. Leaves entire or at acumen indistinctly sinuolate, pellucid
faintly papillose. Dioecious.

a. Leaves quite entire; cells rotundate exc. the alar.
6.P.catenulata Bridel. — Hvpnum Brid.; Pseudoleskea Br. eur.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong acute or subobtuse sometimes
short-acuminate, faintly recurved near base, crowded; costa
vanishing near middle or shorter. Perichetial leaves suboblong
acuminate costate. Capsule oblong arcuate; teeth yellow; seg-
ments rimose nearly as high; cilia shorter not appendiculate;
lid rostellate. Tufts us. brownish or ferruginous. Stem cree-
ping irregularly pinnate, us. rigid when dry. R. fruiting. —
On rocks or r. at base of trees. Eur. not r. Switzerl. fruiting,
Sweden, Norway!

*P.laxifolia Kindberg. — l:eudoleskea catenulata “laxifolia
Kindb. revue bryol. 1892.

sae GQ) =

Leaves larger, green broad-ovate recurved to middle, some-
what distant; costa stronger. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r.
Eur, Switzerl.!
7.P.malacoclada C. M. et Kindb. — Pseudoleskea cat. Can. m.

Leaves subulate-acuminate recurved near base; costa very
short or indistinct. Stem-leaves from broad round ovate base
abruptly narrowed; branch-leaves more gradually tapering. Pe-
richetial leaves nerveless with patent or curved acumen. Cap-
sules unknown. Stem sparingly radiculose not rigid. Tufts
green or finally fuscescent. Habit of the last. — Dry rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
8.P.Wollei Austin. — Leskea Aust.; L. cyrtophylla Kindb.
cat. Can. m.

Leaves from broadly round-ovate base short-acuminate, recur-
ved below; costa indistinct. Tufts dark-green or brown, nearly
eradiculose. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves often sinuolate above; cells more or less elongate.
9.P.papillosa Lindberg. — Leskea or Heterocladium Lindb.;
Pseudoleskea Schimper.

Leaves very small broad-ovate gen. short-acuminate; costa
sometimes forked; inner basal cells of stem-leaves elongate, the
others gen. oval. Tufts dark green. Branches not flagellate.
Capsules and flowers unknown. — Rocks r. Eur. Norway! Finl.:
R. Hult. Sweden: E. Nyman.

44. Pseudoleskea Bryol. eur. in part.

J. Eu-Pseudoleskea. Leaf-cells gen. dilated, more or less
papillose. Endostomial segments not split.

Il. Ptychodium. Leaf-cells narrow, us. smooth or faintly
papillose. Endostomial segments not split.

1. Eu-Pseudoleskea.

A. Peristome orange or yellow. Terminal branch-leaves
strongly papillose.

a. Leaves not squarrose, gen. crowded.
1.P.atrovirens Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks.; Pseudoleskea Br. eur.

Leaves from ovate-oblong base narrowed to a subulate serru-
late gen. long acumen; inner cells us. rhombic-oval. Terminal
branch-leaves with suboval apical cells. Perichetial leaves smooth
subulate-acuminate nearly entire; costa short faint. Capsule
oval-oblong gen. asymmetric; segments nearly as high as teeth,
often split; cilia rudimentary or wanting; lid conic acute. Tufts
not densely radiculose, us. brown with green branch-tops.
Branches us. subpinnate with numerous branchlets. — Rocks

Sao:

prince. in alps. Eur. not r. Switzerl.! Amer. N, Foundl.: Wag-
horne. »Greenl.»: Lange.
* P.filamentosa Dickson. — Hypnum D.; Pseudoleskea Boulay.

Tufts us. green. Leaves less papillose; inner cells narrower.
— Rocks. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Italy: Arcangeli.
*P.tenella Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves smaller entire very papillose; cells rotundate. Cap-
sules unknown. — Amer. r. Canada: Waghorne.
2.P.ticinensis Bottini. — »P. patens»: Limpricht.

Differs from P. atrovirens: Branches irregularly divided; ter-
minal branch-leaves longer-acuminate, strongly papillose nearly
all around. Capsule arcuate. — Alps r. Eur. Switzerl.: Bottini; Mari.
3.P.brachyclados Schwegrichen. — Leskea Schw.; Pseudole-
skea Kindb.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong with short sublinear in upper
part serrulate acumen; cells rhombic-oval or subquadrate. Pe-
richetial leaves papillose subulate-acuminate denticulate; costa
strong subpercurrent. Capsule obovate subsymmetric; segments
split, nearly as high as teeth; cilia sometimes long and appendi-
culate; lid short obtuse. Tufts and branches as in P. atrovirens.
R. fruiting. — Alp. rocks. Eur. notr. Norway, Switzerl.! Spain monte
Maladetta! Austria: Venturi. France: Husnot.

*P. borealis Kindb. n. subsp.

Stem-leaves subovate broader; terminal branch-leaves more
strongly papillose. Stem very radiculose. Capsules not found.
— Rocks r. Eur. in northern districts also below alps. Norway!
Sweden in Wermland: Miss O. Cron.
4.P.patens Lindberg. — Lesquereuxia Lindb.; Pseudoleskea
Kindb. check-list of Eur.and N. Amer. mosses 1894; Limpricht 1895.

Differs from P. brachyclados: Leaves entire; costa shorter us.
vanishing below acumen. Branches sparingly irregularly divided.
Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Eur. below alp. districts. Swe-
den: O. Nordstedt etc.

b. Leaves loosely disposed horizontally squarrose when moist.
5.P.heterocladioides Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves as in P. atrovirens but gen. entire, only those of
branches slightly serrulate above. Perichetial leaves entire fili-
form-pointed nearly nerveless. Capsule asymmetric subobovate;
segments rimose not split; cilia nodose; lid rostellate. Stem
as in P. atrovirens. Tufts bright green. — Rocks rv. Hur.
Norway near Trondhjem: 1. Hagen. — »>P. patens» Limpricht.

B. Peristome pale. Leaves faintly papillose.

pop eae

6.P.faleicuspis C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly entire, more or less
acuminate; cells oval-oblong. Perichetial leaves abruptly narro-
wed to a somewhat short (subulate or subfiliform) often falcate
acumen, entire and faintly papillose; costa faint. Capsule obo-
vate subsymmetric; endostomial segments lower than teeth;
pedicel short; cilia and lid not seen. Tufts sparingly radiculose
green or olivaceous. Branches subjulaceous subpinnate; branch-
lets numerous. Corresponding to P. brachyclados. — Rocks in
alp. region r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
7.P.oligoclada Kindb. bull. Tor. club XVII, 1890.

Leaves from broad-ovate base abruptly narrowed to a longer
subulate nearly entire acumen, densely crowded not decurrent;
uppermost cells narrow, the others round-quadrate very small
with incrassate walls and not confluent. Perichetial leaves
longer-acuminate. Tufts sparingly radiculose dark brown. Bran-
ches irregularly divided; branchlets few distant. Capsules un-
known. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun; Roell,
com. Cardot.

If. Ptychodium Schimper in part.

A. Leaves somewhat large, often (also when dry) distinctly
falcate, gen. smooth; costa not excurrent. Stem-leaves gen.
entire. Habit of Hypnum (Cupressina) or Brachythecium.
8.P.plicata Schleicher. — Hypnum Schl.; Pseudoleskea Kindb.;
Lesquereuxia Lindb.; Ptychodium Schimper.

Leaves large not or slightly decurrent, from ovate-oblong or
ovate-lanceolate base long-acuminate subulate; upper cells linear,
middle lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Branch-leaves us. den-
ticulate near apex. Perichetial leaves acuminate often costate,
inner with subulate acumen. Capsule suboblong us. finally
arcuate; peristome orange or yellow; segments not lower, us.
not rimose, their basal membrane nearly half as high; cilia
rudimentary; lid short-conic obtuse or acute; pedicel 1—2 ¢. m.
long. Tufts loose nearly eradiculose, brown at least below.
Stems much ramose often subpinnate. R. fruiting. — On rocks
or on ground in alp. woods gen. r. Hur. Switzerl. not r.! Swe-
den: Lindberg.

*P.rhetica Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves entire shorter and somewhat smaller, from subovate
base less gradually attenuate and shorter acuminate, more
appressed when dry. Outer perichetial leaves abruptly acumi-
nate with short or indistinct costa, inner nerveless obtusate

obtuse or short-pointed. Capsule erect symmetric; segments
rimose. Tufts brown gen. eradiculose. — Alp. rocks r. Eur.
Switzer]. near Churwalden in Graubuenden 1888!

9.P.affinis Limpricht. — Ptychodium Lpr.; Pseudoleskea Kindb.

Differs from P. plicata: »Leaves long-decurrent narrower and
narrowly reflexed, those of branches costate to middle. Para-
phyllia few. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria:
Breidler»: Limpricht.
10.P.hyperborea C. Mueller. — Ptychodium C. M. in litt,
Pseudoleskea Kindb.

Differs from P. plicata: Leaves shorter and broader, all en-
tire; those of stem ovate short-acuminate, those of branches
from ovate base long-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate. Branches
simple julaceous. Capsules not seen. — Arctic district 1. Eur.
Norway near Nord-Cap 1892: W. Baur, com. C. Mueller.
11.P.seiuroides Kindb. bull. Tor. club NVII.

Leaves from ovate base narrowed to a shorter (subulate or
filiform) nearly entire acumen, not decurrent; cells hyaline,
only at insertion yellow, upper lanceolate, middle oblong-lanceo-
late. Perichetial leaves more attenuate to the subdenticulate
acumen; costa none or indistinct. Capsule oblong suberect or
inclined; peristome orange; teeth hyaline-bordered without di-
stinct longitudinal line; segments scarcely lower; their basal
membrane very low; cilia not appendiculate; pedicel 1,5 c. m.
long; lid not seen. Tufts loose sparingly radiculose pale green.
Branches few curved irregularly divided. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

*P.denudata Kindb. (cat. Can. m. as var.) n. subsp.

Stems very long about 10 c. m., nearly simple, naked below
without rhizoids. Capsules unknown. — Rocks in higher alp.
region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves not large, nearly appressed when dry, not or
slightly curved, us. denticulate at acumen. Habit of Lescurcea.
a. Leaves distinctly papillose; costa sometimes excurrent.
12.P.rigescens Wilson. — Leskea Wils.; Pseudoleskea Lindhb.;

Hypnum radicosum Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or from broad base Jong-acuminate,
often long-decurrent; upper cells sublinear, middle suboblong;
costa not excurrent. Perichetial leaves abruptly filiform-pointed
emooth nearly entire; costa short faint. Capsule narrowly
oblong curved; peristome pale or pale yellow; cilia none; lid
short obtuse; pedicel 1—2 c. m. long. Tufts green very

radiculose. Branches subpinnate, branchlets numerous. — Trees
and rocks. Amer. princ. in alp. regions of Pacif. distr., there
corresponding to P. atrovirens. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.:
J. Macoun; Drummond n, 225. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
13.P. bicolor Kindberg n. sp. (Lescureea?).

Differs from the last: Leaves longer-acuminate, their middle
cells sublanceolate. Costa of stem-leaves long-excurrent. Cap-
sules unknown. Tufts sparingly radiculose, dark brown with
green branch-tops. Stem irregularly divided. -— Schistose alp.
rocks r. Hur. Sweden in Lapland near lake Virijaur: E. Ny-
man 18938.
14.P.atricha Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1898.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate; cells sublanceolate con-
flated irregularly sinuous; costa not excurrent. Capsules un-
known. Tufts brownish or olivaceous with green branch-tops,
loosely cohering without rhizoids. Branches subjulaceous irre-
gularly divided; paraphyllia very few. — Rocks in higher alp.
region r. Amer, Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gen. smooth and long-acuminate; costa not excur-
rent. Capsule gen. symmetric suberect; peristome golden yellow.

aa. Stem much divided. Endostomial segments broad rimose.
15.P.decipiens Limpricht. — Ptychodium Limpr.; Pseudoleskea
Kindb.

Leaves gen. denticulate above; upper cells linear, middle
lanceolate-oblong; costa vanishing below acumen. Stem-leaves
from subovate-oblong base abruptly tapering; branch-leaves
more gradually attenuate. Tufts green or yellowish. Branches
us. not curved. »Inner perichetial leaves gradually acuminate,
denticulate nearly all around; costa short faint. Capsule sub-
oval»: Limpricht. Confounded with Lescurcea striata *sasxicola,
prince. differing in endostome and narrower leaf-cells. — Stone
in alp. region r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.!
16.P.Pfundtneri Limpr. — Ptychodium Lpr., Pseudoleskea
Kindb.

»Leaves gradually acuminate gen. entire; upper cells subli-
near, the others rhomboidal or rhombic-hexagonal; costa sub-
percurrent. Stem-leaves from ovate-oblong base long-subulate;
branch-leaves lanceolate. Perichetial leaves abruptly long-subu-
late; costa indistinct. Capsule broad-oval strangulate; pedicel
5—7 m. m. long. Tufts pale or yellowish green. — Stone in
higher alp. region r. Hur. Austria, Germ., Switzerl.»: Limpricht.

bb. Stem nearly simple denudate below. Capsules unknown.

17.P.Breidleri Kindb. (new name). — Ptychodium oligocladum
Limpricht 1895.

»Leaves from ovate base suddenly long-subulate gen. entire,
pale or bright green; cells gen. sublanceolate; costa vanishing
below acumen. — Rocks in higher alp. region r. — Hur.
Salzburg: Breidler»; Limpricht.

45. Thuidium Bryol. eur.

A. Leaves crisped when dry, not recurved, more or less
distant; cells gen. rotundate. Stem us. creeping; paraphyllia
wanting. Pedicel of capsule short, sometimes rough.

I. Claopodium. Leaves denticulate; those of branches narrowly
acuminate; cells round-oval or suboblong. Dioecious.

Il. Pseudo-Claepodium. Leaves us. entire, broadly short-acu-
minate or obtusate, very small; those of branches us. obtuse;
cells rotundate. Us. monoecious.

B. Leaves not (exc. T. minutulum) crisped, gen. appressed
when dry, often recurved, us. crowded; cells sometimes elon-
gate. Stem often not creeping; paraphyllia us. numerous. Pe-
dicel smooth.

a. Leaves small. Tufts intricate. Stem us. creeping; para-
phyla short. Capsule small; pedicel us. not much long.

Ill. Miero-Thuidium. Leaves us. faintly papillose; cells gen.
rotundate. Stem sometimes irregularly pinnate. Us. monoecious.

b. Stem-leaves gen. large. Tufts loose not intricate. Stem
r. creeping; paraphyllia us. long. Capsule large; pedicel very
long.

IV. Eu-Thuidium. Leaves us. very papillose; inner basal cells
sublinear or oblong, the others gen. rotundate. Stem bi-or tri-
pinnate; paraphyllia long. Dioecious r. fruiting.

V. Elodium. Leaves often faintly papillose or mamillose, some-
times smooth; cells often elongate, the middle gen. suboblong.
Stem simply pinnate, not creeping; paraphyllia sometimes short.
Monoecious or dioecious.

I. Claopodium Sullivant.

A. Leaves of stem and branches with long hyaline hairpoint.
Stem often without rhizoids, pinnate or with piunate
branches.
1.T.erispifolium Hooker. — Hypnum Hook.; Thuidium Kindb.;
Aypnum ramulosum Hampe.

Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate or from short round-ovate base
abruptly subulate; branch-leaves narrower; cells round-oval.

Perichetial leaves costate hyaline, pale yellow at base. Capsule
suboval; teeth orange; segments split; cilia appendiculate; lid
short-beaked; pedicel rough. — Rocks also in alp. region. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun.

B. Leaves, at least those of branches, without distinct hair-
point. Stem creeping subpinnate or bipinnate.
2.T.leuconeuron Sulliv. et Lesquer.; Sull. icon. muscor.

Leaves approached when moist, smaller than in the last;
cells round-oval. Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate or broad-
ovate obtuse with filiform point. Perichetial leaves nerveless.
Capsule small suboval; teeth pale; segments split; cilia nodose;
annulus large; lid with short thick often curved beak; pedicel
smooth. Tufts green. — Trees and rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
yr. Cans: Macoun. U. S.: Marshall A. Howe; Boleender, com.
C. Mueller.
3.T.Whipplei Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull.; Thuidium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger longer narrower and more
distant; cells suboblong. »Pedicel of capsule rough; annulus
none; perichetial leaves costate»: Lesq. et Jam. — Rocks r.
Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.; Macoun.

II. Pseudo-Claopodium Kindb.
4.T laxifolium Schweegrichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Thuidium
Kindb.

»Leaves denticulate. Stem-leaves from ovate base short-acu-
minate; branch-leaves ovate. Capsule globose-ovate; cilia short;
lid obliquely rostellate; pedicel rough. — Earth r. Amer.
Northwest coast: Menzies»: C. M. syn.
5.T.pseudo-pygmeum Kindb. (new name). -- Hypnum pyg-
meum Schimper, non Taylor; Sulliv. icon. muscor.; H. remo-
tifolium Greville?

Leaves entire opake short-acuminate very small; those of
stem ovate-oblong, those of branches somewhat longer; costa
often excurrent. Capsule very small suboval; cilia short; lid
rostrate; pedicel smooth. Stem pinnate or bipinnate. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. U. 58.: Austin, com. Macoun.

III. Micro-Thuidium Kindb. (in check-list).

A. Leaves crisped when dry; cells rotundate. Paraphyllia
numerous. Monoecious.
6.T.minutulum Hedwig. — Hypnum H.; Thuidium Br. eur.

Leaves entire subovate opake; costa not excurrent. Stem-
leaves us. short-acuminate; branch-leaves obtuse shorter; costa
faint. Capsule small suboblong horizontal; cilia long; lid

long-rostrate; pedicel short. Stem pinnate or bipinnate. —
Rocks and trees. Hur. r. Germany: Schimper. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Moser.

B. Leaves not crisped; inner cells gen. round-oval. Stem
often pinnate; paraphyllia us. numerous. Monoecious.
7.T.virginianum Bridel. — Hypnum Brid. 1827; Thuidium
Lindb.; Hypnum punctulatum Notaris 1834; Thuidium Not. 1863.

Leaves denticulate often opake; costa vanishing in acumen
or subexcurrent. Stem-leaves from round-ovate or ovate-oblong
base abruptly long-acuminate, less distinctly denticulate; branch-
leaves ovate oblong shorter-acuminate. Capsule red-brown us.
arcuate strangulate; lid conic or convex, rostellate or apiculate;
cilia long often appendiculate; pedicel long. Tufts green or
brown-green. — Logs and stone in woods. Eur. r. Switzerl.!
Austria: Barth, com. Levier. Amer. Can. r.: Macoun.

*T. gracile Bruch et Schimper. — Hypnum B. 8. 1848; Sull.
icon. muse.; Thuidium Br. eur.

Leaves gen. less opake. Capsule us. red; lid subobtuse short-
apiculate. — Amer. not r. in eastern distr. Can.: Macoun; Mo-
ser. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

*T.pallens Lindberg. — T. lignicola Kindb. in Ottawa Natur. IV.

Leaves more distinctly serrulate. Capsule pale; lid subobtuse

short-apiculate. — Logs r. Hur. Sweden near Stockholm: Lind-
berg. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
8.T.scitum Beauvois. -- Hypnum B.; Thuidium Austin.

Leaves entire, more or less opake but with shorter papille
than in the Jast; costa us. vanishing below acumen. Stem-
leaves from round-ovate base abruptly acuminate; branch-leaves
ovate subobtuse. Capsule brown us. faintly curved not stran-
gulate; lid narrowly conic; cilia short not appendiculate; pedicel
long. Tufts dark green. — Base of trees. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
9.T.pseudo-gracile Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from T. virginianum: Leaves of stem broader, from
very broad base more abruptly narrowed to the often falcate
and gen. not long acumen, entire nearly smooth; branch-leaves
entire or faintly denticulate. Capsules unknown. — Differs
also from 7. scitum: Leaves Jarger and broader; costa percurrent
or excurrent. Stem-leaves shorter and more broadly revolute;
branch-leaves ovate-oblong acuminate acute. — Logs r. Amer.
Can. near Leamington: Macoun.

C. Leaves not crisped; inner cells gen. suboblong. Stem
irregularly divided; paraphyllia few.

ee ee

10.T.pulchellum Notaris. — Amblystegium gracile Juratzka;
Pseudoleskea Schimper.

Leaves entire long-acuminate recurved below, faintly papillose;
cells gen. suboblong; costa often percurrent. Stem-leaves from
round-ovate base abruptly narrowed; branch-leaves ovate-oblong
or ovate-lanceolate more gradually narrowed, indistinctly sinuo-
late above. Perichetial leaves with long filiform point. Cap-
sule oblong arcuate; segments and cilia short; lid conic obtuse.
Tufts green, ferruginous below. Monoecious. — Resembling
Pseudoleskeella catenulata and Anomodon nervosus in habit but
easily distinct in narrower leaf-cells. — Rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.:
Schimper.
11.T.algarvicum Schimper. — Leskea Sch.; Thuidium Kindb.;
T. Solmsii C. M. in herb.

Leaves denticulate not recurved, very papillose; middle cells
suboblong, upper and lower narrower; costa percurrent. Stem-
leaves from ovate-oblong base long-acuminate; branch-leaves
narrower, more distinctly serrulate all around. Capsules unknown.
Dioecious. — Eur. r. Portugal: Solms-Laubach, com. C. Mueller.

IV. Eu-Thuidium.

A. Leaves acute very papillose; inner basal cells linear-lan-
ceolate. Stem-leaves from broad-ovate base gen. long-acuminate;
branch-Jeaves denticulate very short-acuminate; costa short.

a. Apical cell of branch-leaves narrow acute smooth. Peri-
chetial leaves very papillose, fimbriate or long-ciliate.

12.T.tamariscinum Hedwig. — Hypnum H.; Thuidium Br.
eur.

Leaves of stem faintly recurved. Lid of capsule apiculate or
rostellate. Stem not creeping, us. tripinnate. — Harth and

stone in woods. Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl., Germany!

b. Apical cell of branch-leaves broad bifid. Perichetial leaves
smooth or sparingly papillose with few or none cilia and den-
ticulate acumen.
13.T.delicatulum L. — Hypnum L.; Thuidium Mitten.

Stem-leaves recurved not long-acuminate, gen. entire. Peri-
chetial leaves sparingly papillose sometimes with a few cilia.
Capsule rostrate. Stem not creeping, us. bipinnate. — Earth
and stone in woods. Hur. r. Sweden! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Wetherby; Langlois, com. Cardot.
14.7.Philiberti Limpricht 1895. — T. recognitum var. radi-
cans Kindb. revue bryol. 1892; T. intermedium Philibert 1893;
T. pseudo-tamarisci Limpricht 1895.

5

=

ee SS =

Differs from the last: Stems creeping, often tripinnate and
densely tufted. Stem-leaves larger and long-~ubulate. Perichetial
leaves smooth without cilia. Tufts dark green. Plants gen.
smaller. — Earth and rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano and
Faido! Amer. »U, 3.2: Best.
15.T.recognitum Hedwig. — Hypnum H., Thuidium Lindb.

Stem-leaves gen. not recurved and not long-acuminate, us.
denticulate. Perichetial leaves smooth without cilia. Capsule
apiculate. Stem not creeping or with few rhizoids at base, us.
bipinnate. — Stone and earth in woods. Ewr. nearly common
below alp. regions. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl., France! Amer.
less common. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves obtuse faintly papillose; those of stem broad-ovate
short-acuminate; inner basal cells oblong; branch-leaves obtusate
nearly entire; costa long.
16.T.Alleni Austin.

Leaves not recurved, those of stem entire: cells gen. rotun-
date, the apical one round-oval not bifid. “stem bipinnate net
creeping. Capsules unknown. — Peat-bogs r. Amer. U. =:
Allen, com. Macoun.

V. Elodium Sullivant et Lesyuereux.

A. Stem tomentose; paraphyllia long. Leaves large gen
faintly mamillose; those of stem pellucid: celixs gen. oblong-
lanceolate. Capsule arcuate. Monoecious often fruiting.

a. All leaves mamillose; tho-e of branches not pellucid.
17.T.Blandowii Weber et Mehr. — Hypnum W. M.: Thuidium
Br. eur.

Leaves from brevad-ovate base long-acuminate, faintly denticu-
late all around: cells elongate gen. oblong-lanceoiate, the basal
pale. Lid of capsule rostellate. Stem erect pale-tomentose:
branebes crowded us. elongate attenuate. — Peat-swamps aad
wet meadows prince. in northern districts. Eur. Sweden and
Norway not r.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; White: Waghorne — U.
=.: Roell, com. Cardot.
1s.T.pseud-abietinum Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893. —
T. elodioides Renauld et Cardot in Hedwigia 1893.

Leaves orange at insertion; middle cells oval-oblong. >tem-
leaves ovate short-acuminate faintly denticulate above. Branch-
leaves ovate-oval subobtuse more distinctly denticulate, very
opake and mamillose or papillose on both sides. Stem brown-
tomentose; branches short distant. Lid of capsule not seen.
— Woods r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. 8.: Roell.

Rene ee

b. All leaves pellucid; those of stem smooth.
19.T.paludosum Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull. ic. musc.; Thui-
dium Kindb.

Leaves orange at insertion; cells oblong-lanceolate. Stem-
leaves recurved ovate-lanceolate gradually long-acuminate, faintly
denticulate above. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong shorter-acuminate
faintly denticulate, slightly mamillose at back. Stem and
branches as in the last. — Peat-bogs r. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
White. U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun; Roell, com. Cardot.

B. Stem not tomentose; paraphyllia short. Leaves opake
very papillose us. not large; cells gen. suboval. Capsule faintly
curved. Dioecious r. fruiting.
20.T.abietinum L. — Hypnum L.; Thuidium Br. eur.

Leaves brownish at insertion, appressed when dry, gen. not
recurved. Stem-leaves from ovate base abruptly short-acuminate,
entire or indistinctly crenulate. Branch-leaves subovate denti-
culate. Branches us. distant and brown-green. — Dry earth
and stones r. in wet places. Hur. common. Sweden fruiting,
Norway, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.

*T hystricosum Mitten; Braithwaite.

Leaves larger, less appressed when dry us. green; cells often
suboblong. Capsules unknown. — Calcareous princ. wet hills
r. Eur, Switzerl. near Freiburg 1855!

*T.pachycladon Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Leaves large, orange at insertion; those of stem ovate-lanceo-
late gradually long-acuminate; cells princ. the uppermost sub-
oblong. Branches green crowded. Habit of T. Blandowiti, Cap-
sules unknown. — Wet places r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

Fam. 13. Hypnacee.

46. Pylaisia Bryol. eur.
1.Intricate. Endostomial segments cohering to above middle
with teeth. Branches julaceous often curved. Tufts very in-
tricate green or dark green. Leaves entire, those of stem de-
current; alar cells small green very numerous. Capsule oblong
or oval; teeth yellow. Spores large.
2.Polyanthoidew. Endostome not cohering with teeth. Bran-
ches gen. not julaceous. Tufts less intricate. Leaves not
distinctly decurrent, often denticulate; alar cells less numerous.
Capsule often subcylindric; teeth often pale. Spores gen. small.

1. Intricate.
A. Leaves with ovate-lanceolate base; cells narrow sublan-

ceolate. Capsule oblong.

sh a2

1.P.intricata Hedwig. — Pterigynandrum H.; Pylaisia Schim-
per; Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves long-acuminate us. faintly recurved; perichetial subli-
near-lanceolate not plicate, the inner with short subulate point.
Lid of capsule with short oblique beak. Branches crowded.
Tufts green. — Trees and logs. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller. Hur. r. »Russia near river
Sviro: Elfving.
2.P.ontariensis C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves more recurved and shorter
acuminate; perichetial plicate ovate-oblong short-acuminate or
obtusate. Peristomial teeth broader; lid obtuse. Branches less
crowded. Tufts often dark green. — Trees. Amer. Can. eastern
distr. not r: Macoun; Moser.

B. Leaves with short base; cells dilated.
3.P.Selwyni Kindb. in Ottawa Naturalist IL.

Leaves subovate us. recurved to the short acumen; cells gen.
suboblong. Perichetial leaves not plicate, ovate oblong long-
acuminate often filiform-pointed. Capsule broad-oval; lid obtuse.
Rranches crowded. Tufts dark green or brown. — Trees r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Dearness and White. U. 8.: Roell.
+.P.eyrtophylNa Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves broad-ovate gen. obtusate obtuse, not or slightly re-
curved; cells oval, larger than in the 3 last species. Branches
crowded. Tufts green. Capsules unknown. Old logs r. Amer.
Can. Peace river: Macoun 1872.

2. Polyanthoidee.

A. Leaves distinctly denticulate.
5.P.heteromalla Bruch et Schimper.

Leaves larger than in P. polyanthos; inner basal cells (at
insertion) suboval not yellow, the others linear-lanceolate exc.
the alar. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong filiform-pointed not recur-
ved; branch-leaves shortly acuminate-subulate. Capsule oval-
oblong; teeth dark yellow; cilia none; lid subobtuse. Branches
us. curved and yellowish. — Trees and stones r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
6.P.pseudo-platygyrium Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate filiform-pointed, often
recurved to acumen; inner basal and alar cells orange, the
others sublinear. Capsule subcylindric pale with dark red
border at mouth; peristome pale; segments widely open in
middle, basal membrane low; lid short-pointed. Tufts brown-
green. — Logs r. Amer. Can.; Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

es ees

7.P.filari-acuminata C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves as in the last but smaller; inner basal pale, the
others sublinear exc. the alar. Capsule subcylindric brick-red;
teeth yellow; segments rimose or narrowly open in middle,
basal membrane elevate; lid conic obtuse. Tufts bright green.
— Trees r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

B. Leaves entire or the uppermost faintly sinuolate.

a. Stem-leaves recurved to the middle of basal borders; alar
cells about 15—20. Stem creeping, sometimes with paraphyllia.
Tufts green us. silky glossy.
8.P.polyanthos Schreber. — Hypnum Schr.; Pylaisia Br. eur.

Stem-leaves ovate-oblong filiform-pointed, yellow at insertion;
cells sublinear-lanceolate exc. the alar. Branch-leaves ovate-
lanceolate with subsubulate acumen or short filiform point,
gen. not recurved. Perichetial leaves filiform-pointed. Capsule
suboblong or subcylindric, contracted at mouth; teeth pale yellow;
segments split; cilia rudimentary or wanting; lid short-pointed.
Stem pinnate. Tufts green. — On trees, r. on rocks or roofs.
Eur. common. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. Can.
not r.: Macoun.

b. Leaves not or near base recurved, entire; alar cells few
not well defined. Stem not creeping. Tufts not or faintly
glossy.
9.P.sueciea Br. eur. — Thedenia Br. eur.; Pylaiea Lindberg.

Leaves small ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, often long-acu-
minate; lower cells suboblong, middle rhombic-oval. Perichetial
leaves apiculate. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth yellow; cilia
short; lid rostrate. Stem irregularly divided or subpinnate;

branches julaceous. Tufts green with few rhizoids. — Earth
in subalp. region r. Eur, Sweden: K. F. Thedenius.
*P.alpina Kiodb. n. subsp. — Hypnum polyanthos var. alpi-

num Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaves a little larger, less strongly appressed when dry;
perichetial submuticous. Capsule narrow-cylindric; lid rostellate.
Branches subfastigiate nearly simple. Tufts eradiculose yellowish
green. — Hur. Norway near Kongsvold on a turf-roofin subalp.
region!; K, Adlerz.
10.P.alpicola Lindberg. — Stereodon (Pylaiea) Lindb.; Arnell
musci Asie bor.; Pylaisia Kindb. check-list of Eur. and N.
Am. Brvin.

Leaves ovate-oblong with long filiform falcate point, very
emall and not appressed; alar cells yellow, the others pale

2-9 SS

sublinear. Plants bright green, sparingly radiculose. — Capsules

unknown. — Stones in alp. region r. Zur. Sweden in Lapland:
E. Nyman. ;

47. Pylaisiella Kindberg, new genus.
1.P.velutina Schimper. — Pylaisia Sch; Sull. icon. m., in
part.

Leaves entire from ovate-oblong base acuminate, recurved to
acumen, subdecurrent; upper cells, also the middle marginal,
rhomboidal; inner cells sublinear-lanceolate, inner basal narrow
orange; angular cells diversiform, special alar few large inflated
brown or hyaline, inner angular small green numerous. Peri-
chetial leaves plicate serrulate. Capsule large cylindric not
contracted at mouth; teeth orange; segments split in two densely
dentate legs, basal membrane very low; cilia none; pedicel long.
Spores large. Branches not julaceous. Tufts green or brown-
yellow. — Trees. Amer. Can. Macoun; Moser.

In the cited Sull. icon, m. leaves are longer acuminate, their
alar cells not delineated, endostomial segments adhering in their
whole length to the teeth.
2.P.subdenticulata Schimper. — Pylaisia Sch.; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate minutely denti-
culate at acumen, faintly recurved below, not decurrent; angular
cells small green, the others sublinear. Perichetial leaves as in
the last. Capsule small oblong-cylindric not contracted; teeth
yellow; segments split, basal membrane elevate; cilia long sub-
appendiculate; pedicel short. Spores small. Branches not jula-
ceous. Tufts pale green or yellowish. Smaller than Pylaisia
polyanthos. — Trees r. Amer. Can.: Waghorne. U. §.: Austin,
com. Macoun.

48. Raphidostegium Notaris.

A. Capsule oblique or curved. Leaves entire below.

I. Eu-Raphidostegium. Branches not or faintly compressed.
Leaves plurifarious us. small and crowded.

II. Pseudo-Plagiothecium. Branches complanate. Leaves
subdistichous not densely crowded, sometimes large.

B. Capsule straight erect. Leaves denticulate all around.
Ill. Pseudo-Pylaisia. Branches not or faintly compressed.
Leaves small not densely crowded.

I. Eu-Raphidostegium.

A. Leaves curved (incurved or subfalcate), distinctly denti-
culate above, with ovate-oblong base and short acumen, crowded.
Stem creeping; branches crowded faintly compressed,

——

1.R.recurvans Michaux. — Leskea Mich.; Raphidostegium
Sauerbeck et Jeger: Hypnum Schweegr.; Sull. icon. muse.

Leaves recurved gen. to middle, denticulate above it, with
long filiform serrate point; alar cells orange. Perichetial leaves
gradually long-acuminate, serrate only at the short point. Cap-
sule suboblong curved; teeth orange; segments entire; beak long;
pedicel us. somewhat Jong. Stem red. Tufts yellowish green.
Dioecious but often fruiting. — Trees and logs. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; White; Moser; Waghorne.
2.R.Whitei Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves faintly or not recurved, gen. entire below acumen,
with serrate filiform or subulate point; alar cells hyaline. Pe-
richetial leaves dentate at the long acumen. Capsule suboval
curved or oblique; teeth pale; segments entire; beak not long;
pedicel short. Stem pale or pale red. Tufts green. Monoe-
cious. — Trees r. Amer. Can. Ont. near Edmonton 1892: J.
White, com. Macoun.

B. Leaves not distinctly curved, gen. quite entire and small.
Monoecious or (R. subdemissum) dioecious.

a. Branches not julaceous. Stem radiculose. Leaves recurved.
3.R.demissum Wilson. -— Hypnum Wils.; Raphidostegium
Notaris.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute sometimes short-acuminate, r. fili-
form-pointed, gen. entire and recurved all around; alar cells
rotundate not large, upper lanceolate, the others linear. Peri-
chetial leaves subulate-acuminate. Capsule very small suboval
strangulate often arcuate; neck not distinct; teeth yellow, orange
below; scgments yellow; pedicel short. Tufts green or brown-
green sparingly radiculose. -— Wet rocks. Eur. r. Switzerl.!
Engl: Cunliffe Germany: Schimper; Boulay. Amer. less r. Can.:
Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. U. 8: com. Macoun.
4.R.Welwitsehii Schimper. — Rhynchostegium Sch.; Raphido-
stegium Sauerbeck et Jeger.

Differs from the last: Tufts compact bright or yellowish green
siuky glossy and_ velvet-like. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, long-acuminate often filiform-pointed; alar celis larger.

Peristome paler. Perichetial leaves filiform-pointed. — Trunks
of Olea and Quercus r. Eur. Italy: Bottini; Arcangeli.
5 R.miecrocarpum Bridel. -— Leskea Brid.; Raphidostegium

Sauerbeck et Jeger; Hypnum C. M.; Sulliv. ic. muse.
Differs from R. demissum: Leaves gen. acuminate, sometimes
faintly sinuolate. Capsule not strangulate r. arcuate; neck more

26a

or less distinct; teeth yellowish; segments hyaline; pedicel very
short. Tufts green or yellowish. — Trees r. Amer. U.S. south.
states: Mohr, com. Macoun; Langlois and Sawyer, com. Cardot.
*R.admixtum Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull; Raphidostegium
Kindb.

Capsule arcuate more distinctly necked; pedicel longer.
— Trees r. Amer. »U. S.» Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb.
Sulliv., com. C. Mueller).

b. Branches julaceous. Stem not radiculose. Leaves entire,
not or slightly recurved.
6.R.subdemissum Kindb cat. Canad. m.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate long-subulate; alar cells large,
the others linear. Capsules unknown. Branches distant cuspi-

date yellowish green. Dioecious. — Rocks in arctic Pacif.
distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

7.R.marylandicum C. Mueller. —- Hypnum demissum var.
Lq. et J.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate subobtuse acute somewhat large; alar
somewhat large, the others linear. Perichetial leaves subulate-
acuminate. Capsule subobovate or oblong without neck, not
strangulate, larger than in R. demissum; endostome yellow.
Tufts olivaceous with green branch-tops. Plants robust. Monoe-
cious. — Wet rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Sull. et Lesq. musci bor.
amer. n. 442, com. C. Mueller.

II. Pseudo-Plagiothecium Kindb.

A. Leaves curved, distinctly denticulate above, from ovate-
oblong base narrowed to acumen. Us. dioecious.
8.R.laxepatulum Lesquereux et James. — Hypnum (Raphi-
dostegium) L. et J.; Raphidostegium Kindb.; Rhynchostegium
delicatulum James; Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves with somewhat long subsubulate dentate acumen;
perichetial strongly dentate above to below middle. Capsule
suboblong curved; teeth pale, papillose above; segments entire;
cilia none; pedicel very short. Stem pale or greenish red,
sparingly radiculose; branches distant. Tufts green. Habit of

Plagiothecitum silvaticum. Dioecious. — Amer. r. U. 8.: Purpus,
com. Roell.

9.R.Lorentzii Molendo. — Hypnum M.; Raphidostegium
Kindb.

Leaves with more or less long gen. subulate denticulate acu-
men; perichetial denticulate above. Capsule oblong slightly
curved; teeth golden yellow, papillose above; segments rimose;
cilia long; pedicel not long. Stem red sparingly radiculose;

5.65 =

branches distant. Tufts bright or yellowish green. Dioecious.
— Clayey ground or stones in subalp. region r. Hur, Germany:
P. G. Lorentz.

10.R.Roellii Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves with short serrate often twisted point, small; periche-
tial dentate at acumen. Capsule oblong often curved; teeth
pale vellow, papillose above; segments rimose or entire; cilia
often long; lid rostrate; pedicel not long. Stem red sparingly
radiculose; branches distant. Tufts bright green. Monoecious.
— Logs r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Leaves not distinctly curved, gen. quite entire.

a. Leaves subulate-acuminate.
11.R.expallens C. M. et Kindb. — Entodon cat. Canad. m.

Leaves large ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong with not long,
sometimes faintly denticulate and at apex often deflexed acu-
men, not or indistinctly recurved; upper cells linear, alar large.
Capsules unknown. Resembles Brachythecium rivulare. Dioecious.
— Bogs by springs r. Amer, Can.: Macoun. U. S.: James, com.
C. Mueller.
12.R.carolinianum C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M. syn.

»Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate acuminate, recurved all
around; perichetial entire. Capsule small obovate inclined.
Branches compressed somewhat long and flaccid, dusky yello-
wish; stem long. Monoecious. — Wet rocks r. Amer. U. S.:
Sullivant»: C. M.

b. Leaves obtusate (obtuse or acute).
13.R.Kegelii C. Mueller. — Leskea C. M.; Raphidostegium
Renauld et Cardot; Hypnum C. M. syn.

Leaves small ovate more or less recurved; upper cells rhom-
bic-oblong, lower lanceolate, alar small. Capsule narrowly cy-
lindric subarcuate; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts dirty green.
Monoecious. »Peristomial teeth short yellow»: C. M. syn. —
Trees r. Amer. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

III. Pseudo-Pylaisia Kindb.
14.R.cylindricarpum C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M.; Sulliv.
ic. m.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate curved, recurved below and (as the
perichetial) serrate at acumen; alar cells large hyaline, the
others linear. Capsule cylindric; teeth yellow; segments rimose;
pedicel somewhat long. Tufts intricate us. brown-green or faintly
glossy. Dioecious. — Logs in woods r. Amer. U. 8.: Sullivant,
com.C. Mueller;Purpus, com. Roell;Peck, herb. Austin, com, Macoun,

=S@Res

49. Rhynechostegium Bryol. eur.

I. Eu-Rhynchostegium. Stem with broad paraphyllia. Leaves
nearly flat; costa short double or indistinct. Dioecious or
monoecious.

If. Pseud-Eurhynchinm. Leaves often concave; costa gen.
simple or in some leaves indistinct. Often monoecious. Para-
phyllia us. wanting, in R. serrulatum sometimes present.

I. Eu-Rhynchostegium.

A. Leaves more or less distant, not decurrent; alar cells not
large or not well-defined. R. fruiting.
1.R.depressum Bruch.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong acute sometimes short-acuminate,
serrulate above, nearly entire below; upper cells oval-oblong,
middle oblong-lanceolate. Capsule suboval or arcuate strangu-
late; annulus double; lid rostrate; pedicel short. Stem creeping.
Tufts glossy green. Dioecious. — Shady rocks. Eur. not com-
mon. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.!
2.R.geophilum Austin; Sullivant icon. muscor.

Differs from the last: Leaves somewhat larger and more
distant, subobtusate, denticulate below; uppermost cells oval,
lower lanceolate. Capsule not strangulate; annulus simple.
Branches longer; stem nearly eradiculose. — Clayey shaded
ground r. Amer. U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun.
3.R.deplanatum Schimper. —- Hypnum Sch.; Sulliv. ic. m.;
Rhynchostegium Kindb.; Hypnum (Rhynchostegium) Lq. et J.

Leaves ovate oblong acute with short or more prolonged su-
bulate acumen, serrulate above, minutely denticulate or nearly
entire below, cells gen. linear-lanceolate, lower sometimes sub-
oblong; costa often obsolete, sometimes double. Perichetial
leaves with dentate long-subulate acumen. Capsule oval-oblong
or arcuate, strangulate wide-mouthed plicate when dry; seg-
ments entire; lid rostrate, rostellate or obtuse; annulus none;
pedicel often short. Stem depressed creeping; paraphyllia us.
dentate. Tufts dense glossy green. Us. monoecious. Leaves
often crowded. —- On rocks or on hase of trees. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Moser. — Male flowers not found hy Sullivant.
4.R.caloosiense Austin. -— Hypnum Austin.

»Differs from the last in short pointed entire leaves and
much longer entire paraphyllia. — Leaves broadly obliquely
ovate subacuminate; areolation looxe rhomboidal fusiform; costa
geminate distinct to near middle. Capsule broadly oval much
constricted; pedicel short. Monoecious. — Amer. r. U. S.: J. D.
Smith, Austin»: Lesy. et Jam.

Op =

B. Leaves crowded decurrent; alar cells large hyaline. Lid
of capsule long-conic acute or short conic rostellate.
5.R-membranosum Kindb. — Plagiothecium cat. Can. m.

Leaves flat ovate-oblong acute or short-acuminate, entire or
above middle denticulate, patent or spreading; cells linear exc.
the alar. Capsule cylindric or obovate arcuate, not constricted;
teeth yellow; pedicel not long. ‘Tufts dense glossv green, not
or sparingly radiculose. Dioecious. — Logs in swamps r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; White.

lI. Pseud-Eurhynchium Kindb.

A. Leaves crisped when dry; cells much dilated.
6.R.rotundifolium Scopoli. — Hypnum Scop.; Rhynchostegium
Br. eur.

Leaves somewhat distant, not decurrent; costa vanishing near
middle. Stem-leaves ovate gradually short-acuminate, nearly
entire; cells suboblong, alar not defined. Branch-leaves shorter,
broad-ovate abruptly short-acuminate, minutely denticulate all
around; cells oval. Capsule suboval not large; lid rostrate; pedicel
short smooth. Stem creeping. Tufts green. Monoecious. —
Stones r. Hur. south. districts. Switzerl., Italy!

B. Leaves not crisped; cells gen. narrow.

a. Leaves distant; alar cells large. Lid of capsule not ro-
strate.
7.R.revelstokense Kindb. — Eurhynchium note on Can. bryol.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-subulate denticulate plicate and
pellucid, sometimes short-decurrent; cells lanceolate exc. the
alar; costa somewhat thick, vanishing above middle or shorter.
Capsule arcuate; lid rostellate; pedicel short smooth. Stem
creeping subpinnate or irregularly divided. Tufts pale or light
green. Male flowers not found. — Logs r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun; N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
8.R.pseudo-serrulatum Kindb. — Eurbynchium Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves ovate or oyate-oblong, minutely denticulate, striate
and chlorophyllose, not or indistinctly decurrent; cells lanceolate,
the lower shorter and more dilated; costa thin vanishing above
middle. Stem-leaves with short-acuminate or filiform-pointed;
branch-leaves with short subulate sometimes twisted point.
Capsule arcuate; lid apiculate; pedicel rough very long. Stem
subpinnate or irregularly divided. Tufts dark green, faintly
glossy, radiculose at base. Monoecious. Habit of R. serrulatum.
— Earth and stones in woods r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser;
Waghorne. U. 8. New Jersey: com. Macoun,

eee: ee

bh. Leaves gen. distant; alar cells not large.

aa. Leaves serrulate or serrate, gen. large; costa simple us.
long.
9.R.serrulatum Hedwig. — Hypnum H.; Sullivant ic. m,;
Rhynchostegium Kindb.; Hypnum (Rhynchostegium) Lq. et Jam.

Leaves serrulate pellucid neither striate nor decurrent; cells
sublinear exc. the sometimes not well-defined alar; costa thin
often reaching above middle. Stem-leaves filiform-pointed us.
ovate-oblong; branch-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate with short
sublinear twisted point. Capsule arcuate; segments entire; an-
nulus broad; lid rostrate; pedicel smooth us. long. Stem pin-
nate creeping, r. with paraphyllia. Tufts pale green. Monoe-
cious. — On ground in dry woods. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Fitzgerald, com. Renauld.
*R.eriense Kindb. — Eurhynchium note on Can. bryol.

Leaves subovate nearly crowded, shorter and less distant; alar
cells more distinct. Capsule smaller; pedicel short. — Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

*R.hispidifolium Kindb. — Eurhynchium Kindb. 1. ¢.

Branches longer. Leaves very long, ovate-lanceolate long-
acuminate sharply serrate. Capsules und flowers unknown. —
Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

bb. Leaves entire or near apex minutely denticulate.
10.R.subintegrifolium Kindb. —- Eurhynchium Kindb. 1. ec.

Leaves decurrent chlorophyllose ovate-oblong short-pointed
faintly striate; alar cells somewhat numerous, the others subli-
near; costa mostly thin gen. reaching to acumen, sometimes
thicker, shorter and forked. Capsule subobovate or arcuate;
pedicel smooth; lid and male flowers not seen. Habit of R.
serrulatum. —- Logs r, Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
11.R.styriacum Limpricht et Breidler. — Limnobium Lpr. et
Breid]. in sched.; Rhynchostegium Kindb.

Leaves (of branches) broad-ovate abruptly short-acuminate
neither decurrent not striate; cells oblong-linear exc. the dusky
quadrate alar. Tufts yellowish not radiculose. Synoecious.
Capsules not seen. — Inundated rocks r. Hur. Austria near
Schladming: Breidler, com. Limpricht.

ec. Leaves minutely denticulate.
12.R.bifariellum Kindb. — Plagiothecium cat. Can. m.

Leaves small neither striate nor crowded nor distinctly de-
current; alar cells small few quadrate, the others gen. linear.
Stem-leaves short somewhat broad ovate-cordate nearly entire

with faleate filiform nearly entire point; costa gen. obsolete.
Branch-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate; costa vanishing near or
above middle. Capsules unknown. Stem pinnate sparingly
radiculose. Tufts loose olive-green. Habit of Hurhynchium
Bolenderi. — Wet places in woods r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.:
Macoun.
50. Taxithelium Mitten.

1.T.planum Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Taxithelium Mitt.

Leaves from contracted base broadly suboval acute denticu-
late sometimes short-acuminate; alar cells subrectangular. Cap-
sule small piriform inclined; teeth yellow; segments as high;
cilia present; lid apiculate; pedicel reddish yellow very long.
Stem prostrate subpinnate; branches approached. —— Amer, r.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, com. C. Mueller).

51. Plagiothecium Br. eur.

A. Branches complanate. Often dioecious.

a. Leaves undulate.
I. Pseudo-Neckera. Leaves decurrent large gen. quite entire.
Capsule large arcuate; lid rostrate. Branches long often simple.
Dioecious.

b. Leaves not undulate.
IL. Eu-Plagiothecium. Leaves decurrent gen. quite entire
often large. Capsule oblique or straight; lid r. rostrate. Plants
often robust.
IIL. Isopterygium. Leaves not decurrent us. not large often den-
ticulate. Capsule mostly oblique or arcuate; lid obtuse or ro-
stellate. Plants not robust. Stem not long.

B. Branches not or faintly compressed. Monoecious.
IV. Pseud-Isopterygium. Leaves neither undulate nor de-
current nor large, gen. quite entire, sometimes curved when
dry. Capsule straight or faintly curved; lid obtuse or rostellate.
Stem sometimes long.

I. Pseudo-Neckera Kindb.

1.P.undulatum L. — Hypnum L.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves subovate acute short-acuminate or obtusate, r. denti-
culate at acumen, short-decurrent, gen. crowded; upper cells
narrow linear, lower lanceolate exc. the not well-defined alar,
Leaves of the branchlets narrower, often long-acuminate. Capsule
striate when dry; pedicel long. Branches pale or whitish green
sometimes subturgid. Tufts gen. loose. — Earth and siliceous
rocks in woods. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Germany, France!
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

—

2.P.neckeroideum Schimper.

Leaves as in the last but distant long-decurrent; nearly all
cells narrow-linear exc. the short and large alar and lowest
basal. Capsule not striate; pedicel long. Stem more divided,
branchlets thin flagelliform. Tufts dense green. Habit of
Neckera crispa. — Shady humid places near waterfalls in woods
of subalp. region r. Eur. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf.

If. Eu-Plagiothecium.

A. Leaves gen. large. Capsule large more or less oblique or
curved; lid rostellate-rostrate or r. obtuse; pedicel long.

a. Leaves distinctly decurrent; costa short double or indistinct.
3.P.denticulatum L. — Hypnum L.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves long-decurrent gen. suboblong obtusate, sometimes
short-pointed, us. green; lower alar cells of the decurrent part
very dilated, upper alar not well-defined, the others oblong-
lanceolate. Capsule subcylindric; lid not rostellate. Monoecious
us. fruiting. --- Logs and rocks, common. Eur. Sweden etc.!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* P.subfaleatum Austin; Sulliv. icon. musc.

Leaves less decurrent, sinuolate above, sometimes subfalcate.
Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Austin, com.
Macoun.
4.P.silvaticum L. — Hypnum L.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves long-decurrent ovate-lanceolate gradually narrowed to
a subulate point, us. dark green or olivaceous; cells as in the
last. Capsule subcylindric; lid rostrate. Dioecious r. fruiting.
— Rocks, less common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerl.!
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
5.P.Roesei Hampe -- Hypnum Hampe; Plagiothecium Schimp.
syn.; P. Sullivantize Schimp., Hypnum Sull. icon. m.

Leaves smaller than in the last, short-decurrent suboblong
obtusate or short-acuminate, abruptly tapering to a short fili-
form often curved point, us. yellowish or bright green; lowest
cells wide, alar often well-defined, the others sublinear-lanceolate.
Capsule subcvlindric nearly straight; lid rostrate-rostellate. Tufts
very dense. Dioecious, less often fruiting. — Sandy or clayey
ground. Eur. r. Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer. not
r. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. U. 8.: Roell; Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.

b. Leaves less distinctly decurrent; costa gen. indistinct,
sometimes thick and simple but very short.
6.P.brevipungens Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

say iy 5

Leaves subovate or ovate-oblong acute often short-pointed;
upper cells sublinear, lower lanceolate exc. the dilated well-
defined alar. Capsule arcuate; lid conic obtuse not rostellate,
Tufts dense green. Stem subpinnate. Leaves somewhat smaller
than in P. denticulatum. Monoecious. — Stones in woods r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves and capsules small; pedicel short.

a. Leaves not recurved.
7.P.latum Schimper. — Leskea Berggren.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate gradually tapering to a
short filiform point; alar cells large well-defined, the others
oblong-lanceolate. Capsule oval-oblong subsymmetric; lid rostellate.
Tufts bright green. Monoecious. — Alp. and subalp. rocks r.
Eur, Norway!; Berggren. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
8.P.decursivifolium Kindb. cat. Can. m. — »P. passaicense»
Austin in part.

Leaves narrowly suboblong often with short aciculiform point;
lowest basal cells short large, alar not well-defined, the others
narrow-linear. Capsule suboblong or arcuate, finally furrowed
and oblique; lid rostellate or rostrate; pedicel somewhat long.
Tufts green. Monoecious. — On decaying trees r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.
9.P.latebricola Wilson. — Leskea Wils.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves smaller than in P. pulchellum, gen. filiform-pointed.
Stem-leaves ovate-oblong subobtusate long-pointed; branch-leaves
ovate lanceolate gradually tapering to a short sometimes subulate
point; alar cells not well-defined, the others narrow-linear. Cap-
sule cylindric-oblong straight; lid rostellate. Tufts bright green.
Dioecious. — On decaying trees or ferns in shady woods r.
Eur. Sweden: J. Persson. Germany: H. Mueller, com. Le Jolis.
Belgium: Gravet. Amer. »U. 8. and Can.»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves more or less recurved.

aa. Leaves recurved to the gen. long filiform point.
10.P.piliferum Swartz. — Leskea Sw.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves suboblong; alar cells not well-defined, the others
narrow-linear. Capsule cylindric-oblong straight; lid rostellate.
Tufts green us. glossy. Monoecious. — Shady rocks or their
crevices gen. r. Hur. Sweden not r., Norway! Amer. Can. Pacif.
disty.: Macoun.

bb. Leaves partly recurved below, without long point.
11.P.aciculari-pungens C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves ovate-oblung with short aciculiform deflexed or patent

SOT sa

point, narrowly recurved below middle at one side; alar cells
few often large, the others oblong-lanceolate. Capsule suboblong
oblique not curved; lid apiculate. Tufts dense glossy green.
Branches few short not attenuate. Monoecious. Resembles a
small state of P. Roesei. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
12.P.attenuatirameum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Lower leaves broadly ovate obtuse or obtusate, recurved tu
above middle at least at one side; lower basal cells dilated
nearly uniform, the others oblong lanceolate; costa sometimes
simple and reaching to middle. Other leaves gradually smaller
upwards, narrower, more acute or acuminate. Branches long-
attenuate flagelliform above. Tufts loose faintly shining. Cap-
sules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Ill. Isopterygium Mitten.

A. Leaves distinctly denticulate, not recurved. Capsule
annulate.

a. Leaves denticulate nearly all around; alar cells gen. distinct.
Monoecious, us. fruiting.
13.P.silesiacum Seliger. -- Hypnum Sel.; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-cuspidate crowded; cells narrow-
linear exc. the alar. Capsule somewhat large subcylindric
arcuate not striate; teeth pale; lid obtuse; pedicel long. Tufts
green. Branches us. curved deflexed. — On logs in woods, r.
on rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden common, Norway, Switzerl.!
Amer. r. U. S. near Washington: Roell.
14.P.turfaceum Lindberg; Sulliv. icon. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves smaller shorter and less crow-
ded, narrowly ovate-oblong shorter-cuspidate; cells linear-lanceo-
late. Capsule smaller, narrowly ovate-oblong, striate when dry;
pedicel less long. Tufts bright green. Branches us. not cur-
ved. — Turfy soil and rocks. Hur. r. Sweden!; 8. O. Lindberg.
Amer. not ry. princ. in eastern distr.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.
*P.pseudo-silesiacum Schimper.

»Lower leaves oval narrowly acuminate spreading, the upper
appressed. — Amer. U. S. r.»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves distantly denticulate in upper third; cells linear,
alar not distinct. Dioecious very r. fruiting.
15.P.elegans Hooker. — Hypnum Hook.; Plagiothecium Schim-
per; Sulliv. icon. musc.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate short-cuspidate often somewhat large.
Capsule small obovate or oblong, not or slightly curved; teeth
pale; segments entire; cilia long not appendiculate; lid acute or

ae ee

rostellate; pedicel often long and at apex arcuate. Perichetial
leaves long-acuminate filiform-pointed denticulate above. Tufts
green. Stem often furnished with small shoots or filiform
branchlets, falling off to propagation, — Shady rocks and
earth, gen. not r. Hur. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer, Can.
less y. fruiting: Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves nearly entire or near apex faintly denticulate;
alar cells distinct, the others narrow-linear. Capsule not annu-
late. Monoecious.
16.P.albulum C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M.; Plagiothecium
Kindb.; »Hypnum micans Swartz»: Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves eimall green ovate-oblong not recurved, us. short-acu-
minate or with short twisted point. Capsule very small indi-
stinctly necked, more or less oblique or arcuate; lid rostellate
or r. obtuse mamillate. — Trees and stones r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. 8.: Langlois, com. Cardot.
17.P.fulvum Hooker et Wilson. — Hypnum H. W.; Sull. ic.
m.; Plagiothecium Kindb.

Leaves larger than in the last, fulvous or golden glossy
ovate-oblong recurved below. Perichetial leaves longer-acumi-
nate. Capsule shorter and thicker with thick neck; lid mamil-
late. Tufts nearly eradiculose. — Swamps r. Amer. U. 8::
Langlois, com. Cardot.

C. Leaves small gen. entire. Us. dioecious.

a. Costa of leaves short double or indistinct. Dioecious.
18.P.nitidulum Wahlenberg. — Hypnum Wng fl. lappon.;
Plagiothecium Schimper; P. Muellerianum Schimp.; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually tapering to a filiform often
long point, quite entire, distant; cells narrow-linear, alar not
distinct. Capsule small cylindric-oblong or subobovate, gen.
oblique and faintly cernuous, annulate; cilia short; lid rostellate;
pedicel short. Tufts loose glossy green. — Rocks and earth,
gen. r. Hur. Sweden (not r.), Switzerl.! Amer, Can.: Macoun;
Moser. — P. Muellerianum Schimp. (syn.) differs only in smaller
narrower leaves and looser tufts. — Hur. Switzerl.! France:
Spruce, com. Boswell.
19.P.pseudo-latebricola Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves entire less distant, from broadly ovate-lanceolate base
suddenly tapering to a straight filiform somewhat long point;
alar cells few often not distinct, the others narrowly linear
Capsule obovate-oblong oblique slightly curved often pendent;
teeth pale; cilia long subappendiculate; lid conic; pedicel short.

6

ae a ccs

Branches often curved; branchlets longer with smaller narrower
leaves. Tufts dense glossy green. — On rotten wood r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Moser.

20.P.passaicense Austin.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate sinuolate at acumen,
nearly crowded, shorter than in the both last; lowest basal
cells dilated, alar distinct, the others linear or linear-lanceolate.
Capsule very small suboblong oblique or slightly curved, annu-
late; teeth pale; pedicel not long. Tufts green. — Logs in
swamps r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Costa of leaves sometimes simple but very thin, reaching
to middle. Monoecious.
21.P.geminum Mitten. — Stereodon Mitt.; Plagiothecium
Kindb.

Leaves distant ovate-oblong short-acuminate nearly entire or
slightly denticulate at acumen or below it; alar cells few us.
distinct, the others linear. Capsule subcylindric nearly straight;
pedicel short. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

IV. Pseud-Isopterygium Kindb.
22.P.pulchellum Hedwig. — Leskea H ; Plagiothecium Br. eur.

Leaves entire ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually
tapering to a gen. short point; cells lanceolate-linear, alar not
distinct. Capsule subcylindric often straight erect, annulate;
lid apiculate or rostellate; pedicel sometimes long. Stem short.
Tufts dense green. Leaves gen. smaller than in P. nitidulum
and nearly crowded. — Rocks and their crevices prince. in alps.
Eur, not r. Sweden and Norway common in alps! Switzerl.!;
Schimper. .tmer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. Greenl.: Berggren.
23.P.Bottinii Breidler.

Leaves larger than in the last, slightly denticulate at acumen,
ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate gen. abruptly narrowed to a
long filiform-pointed acumen; basal cells dilated, alar subqua-
drate not much wider, the others sublinear. Capsule small
subcylindric or suboblong without distinct neck, oblique or
curved; lid obtuse; pedicel long subcapillary; annulus not seen.
Stem long. Tufts loose green or vellowish. — Peat-bogs r.
Eur. Italy: A, Bottini.

52. Stereophyllum Mitten.
1.8.Wrightii Sullivant. — Hypnum (Omalia) Sull. ic. musce.;
g@Stereophyllum Mitt.»: C. M.

Leaves distant ovate-oblong or sublinear-oblong gen. obtusate,

faintly denticulate above, inflexed below at one side, not large;

costa vanishing above middle. Capsule small subobovate sub-
erect; teeth pale yellow scarcely higher or broader than seg-
ments; cilia shorter; lid conic or rostellate; calyptra narrow;
pedicel longish. Stem creeping. Tufts green or golden glossy.
Habit of Neckera (Homalia). — Roots of trees r. Amer. U. 8.:
herb. Lesquereux, com. Renauld (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller).
53. Amblystegium Bryol. eur.

1. Eu-Amblystegium. Leaves not distinctly recurved; alar cells
_few or indistinct.

a. Leaves decurrent.
1. Compacta, Leaves with well-defined alar cells; costa subper-
current. Tufis compact with intricate stems. Us. monoecious.

b. Leaves not or indistinctly decurrent.
2. Serpentia. Leaves crowded or not long-distant; alar cells gen.
not well-defined; costa simple. Capsule somewhat large; pedicel
long. Us. monoecious.
3. Speirophylla. Leaves long-distant very small; alar cells us.
indistinct; costa simple or obsolete. Capsule small; pedicel
short. Dioecious.
4. Subtilia. Leaves small crowded; alar cells distinct; costa gen.
obsolete. Capsule small; pedicel short. Tufts dense. Monoecious.
I. Ptycholoma. Leaves recurved gen. to middle; alar cells
numerous green. Leaves crowded not decurrent; costa us. ob-
solete. Capsule small; pedicel short. Monoecious,

I. Ku-Amblystegium.
1. Compacta.

A. Leaves short-decurrent nearly crowded. Tufts very radi-
culose.
1.A.compactum C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M.; Sulliv. ic. m.

Leaves recurved near base, ovate-oblong short-acuminate or
ovate-lanceolate acute, minutely denticulate princ. below; alar
cells not large, the others oblong-lanceolate us. pellucid. Capsule
small oblong-cylindric with distinct neck, gen. suberect nearly
straight; lid acute or apiculate; teeth pale yellow; cilia very
short; pedicel long. Tufts somewhat high, green above, us.
decolorate or red-brown below. Branches erect. Monoecious.
— Logs r. Amer. Can.: Waghorne; Drummond, com. C. Mueller.
Eur. »France»: Husnot revue bryol. 1896.
2.A.subcompactum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves long-acuminate not recurved;
inner cells lanceolate-linear. Capsule longer, often curved; lid

— 76 —

rostellate. — Trees in swamps r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.:
Roell; Kelsey, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves long-decurrent very distant. Tufts sparingly ra-
diculose. Capsules unknown.
3.A.dissitifolium Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves from subcordate or ovate base tapering to a sometimes
long acumen, denticulate all around; alar cells somewhat large,
the others oval-oblong very chlorophyllose. Tufts low green.
Dioecious. —- Wet limestone rocks r. Amer. Can. near Niagara
and Owen Sound: Macoun.

2. Serpentia.
4.A.varium Hedwig. — Leskea H.; Amblystegium Lindb. in
part.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, often entire;
middle cells gen. oval-oblong; costa gen. long, also in periche-
tial leaves not excurrent. Capsule curved; annulus compound.
Stem decumbent. Monoecious. — Logs, trees and stones, not
uncommon. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl., Italy! Amer,
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* A.radicale Beauvois. — Hypnum Beauv.; Amblystegium
Br. eur.

Leaves smaller and more distant, denticulate; cells gen.
oblong; costa less long. — Eur. Switzerl.! Finl.: Lindberg.

* A.porphyrhizon Lindb. in Schimp. syn.

Leaves small and less broad, denticulate and crowded; cells
suboblong; costa faint often vanishing near middle. Confounded
with A. serpens. — Eur. not r. Sweden common, Germany,
Switzerl.! Eng]l.: Rogers. Amer. Can. common: Macoun; Waghorne.
* A Juratzke Schimper.

Leaves somewhat small denticulate more distant; cells gen.
oblong-lanceolate; costa subpercurrent. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.,
Germany! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

* A. leptophyllum Schimper.

Leaves somewhat small denticulate crowded; cells oblong-
lanceolate; costa subpercurrent. — Hur. France: Philibert.
5.A.orthocladon Beauvois. — Hypnum Beauy.; Sulliv. ic. m.;
Amblystegium Kindb.

Leaves larger than in A. varium and very chlorophyllose,
from ovate-oblong base acuminate, distant and nearly spreading;
middle cells gen. suboval; costa subpercurrent, broader than
in A. varium, in perichetial leaves still broader and excurrent.
Capsule us. suberect faintly curved; annulus simple; pedicel

ee | ee

often very long. Branches often erect. Dioecious. — Wet
places. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. §.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
6.A.serpens L. — Hypnum L.; Amblystegium Br. eur.

Leaves narrower than in A. varium, gen. smaller and less
chlorophyllose, often entire; middle cells gen. suboblong; costa
faint more abbreviate. Stem-leaves narrowly suboblong-lanceo-
late, not much dilated at base; branch-leaves sublinear-lanceo-
late. Perichetial leaves long-acuminate. Capsule curved; annu-
lus compound; pedicel long. Stem decumbent. —-- Trees, logs
and stones gen. common. Hur. Sweden etc.! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne. U. §.: Roell, com. Cardot.

*A.Columbie Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVIL.

Leaves denticulate all around, nearly spreading; cells oblong-
lanceolate; costa sometimes reaching into acumen. Perichetial
leaves short-acuminate. Habit of Campylium. —- Wet logs r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

3. Speirophylla.

A. Leaves with subpercurrent costa. Capsules unknown.
7.A.speirophyllum Kindb. in Ottawa Naturalist IV.

Leaves obtusate subacute or short-acuminate, subcordate or
oval-oblong, entire or slightly denticulate; cells suboval; costa
gen. thin. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. N. Brunsw.: Moser. U. 8.:
Roell.
8.A.distantifolium Kindb. cat, Canad. m.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate serrulate all around,
chlorophyllose and sometimes subdecurrent; cells suboblong;
costa thick sometimes subexcurrent. — Rocks r. Amer. N.
Foundl.: Waghorne.

B. Leaves with short often obsolete costa.

a. Leaves narrow gen. acute.
9,A.Sprucei Bruch. — Hypnum Bruch; Amblystegium Br. eur.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or sublinear gen. long-acuminate
entire; cells oval-oblong; costa gen. indistinct. Perichetial leaves
coarsely dentate above. Capsule suboblong-piriform or finally
turbinate; teeth pale; lid subobtuse. R. fruiting. Dioecious. —
In caverns of rocks or in swamps prince. in alps, often mixed
with an hepatic (Blepharostoma trichophyllum). Eur, Sweden,
Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* A. minutissimum Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Hypnum Sulliv.
icon. musc.

Leaves more distinctly denticulate; costa often distinct. Tufts
less loose, »Sometimes monoecious»; Sulliv. 1. c. — Amer,

ee | eee

in lower districts not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller. Eur. yr. Norway near Lille Elvedal: 8. O. Lindberg
and E. Nyman.

10.A-fenestratum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves subhyaline denticulate narrowly ovate-lanceolate or
sublinear; cells narrowly oblong; costa more or less distinct.
Capsules unknown. — Borders of ponds r. Amer. Can.: Dearness,
com. Macoun.

b. Leaves broad gen. obtuse.
11.A.Holzingeri Renauld et Cardot in bot. gazette.

Leaves entire subovate or ovate-oblong, sometimes short-acu-
minate subacute; cells suboval, princ. the upper, or suboblong;
costa vanishing near middle or short forked. Perichetial leaves
entire. Capsule suboval strangulate oblique or arcuate; pedicel
less than 1 centim. long. Amer. r. »U. 8.: Holzinger»: Ren. et
Card. 1. ¢.

4. Subtilia.

A. Leaves entire; costa sometimes reaching to middle. En-
dostome with short or none cilia.
12.A.subtile Hedwig. — Leskea H.; Amblystegium Br. eur.

Stem-leaves subovate-lanceolate; middle cells suboblong; branch-
leaves narrower. Perichetial leaves entire us. costate. Capsule
subsymmetric; lid apiculate. Tufts greenish. —- On trees or
r. on rocks. Hur. not r. Sweden! Amer, Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves denticulate, at least those of branches; costa obsolete.
Cilia of endostome us. long.
13.A.confervoides Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Amblystegium
Br. eur.

Stem-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate; middle
cells suboblong; branch-leaves narrower, patent when moist.
Capsule gen. arcuate; lid apiculate. Perichetial leaves denticu-
late. Tufts green. — Rocks gen. r. Hur. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne,
14.A.pseudo-confervoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves smaller shorter and less distinctly denticulate than
in the last; cells wider, oval-oblong. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong
obtusate acute or short-acuminate. Branch-leaves suberect when
moist. Capsule arcuate; lid conic obtuse; pedicel very short.
Perichetial leaves nearly entire. Stems and branches subjula-
ceous. — Limestone rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
15.A.tenuissimum Guembel.

Stem-leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate, faintly denticulate;

middle cells suboblong, Branch-leayes distant narrower. Capsule
subsymmetric or faintly curved; lid not apiculate. Tufts green.
— Earth and trees r. Hur. Switzerl. near Lugano and in Grau-
buenden!

II. Ptycholoma Kindb.
16.A.adnatum Hedwig. — Hypnum H.; Sulliv. icon. m.; Am-
blystegium Kindb.

Leaves entire gen. subovate obtusate; alar cells subquadrate
on a narrow space, the others chlorophyllose gen. suboval. Cap-
sule often arcuate; teeth yellowish; cilia often long; lid apicn-
late or obtuse. Perichetial leaves serrulate at the short acumen.
Tufts green or dark green. — Stones and trees. Amer. not r.
Can.: Macoun; Moser. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

54. Platyloma Kindberg, new genus*),
1.P.Lescurii Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull. icon. m.

Leaves distant chlorophyllose opake, minutely denticulate all
around, not decurrent; costa thick subpercurrent. Stem-leaves
broadly round-ovate, abruptly short-acuminate; inner cells lan-
ceolate-linear, alar obsolete. Branch-leaves ovate subobtuse or
acute; cells oval-oblong. Perichetial leaves ovate-lanceolate; costa
excurrent. Capsule suboblong or arcuate; teeth golden yellow,
connate at base; segments as high, split in middle; cilia long
not appendiculate; annulus large compound; lid obtuse mamil-
late; pedicel 2—3 centim. long. Stem irregularly branching.
Tufts dark green. Monoecious. — Moist rocks r. Amer, U. 8.:
Roell; Lesquereux, com. Renauld.

55. Calliergon Kindberg, new genus.

(Hypnum, subsp. Calliergon et Limnobium, Sullivant.)

A. Capsule not annulate. Leaves entire.

J. Eu-Calliergon. Leaves not falcate; alar cells large; costa long
gen. subpercurrent. Pedicel of capsule long. Stem not cree-
ping but sometimes radiculose below, often pinnate. Dioecious
or (C. cordifolium) monoecious.

Il Limnobion. Leaves of stem not falcate, those of branches
often faleate; alar cells not large; costa abbreviate sometimes
double or indistinct, Pedicel of capsule shortish. Stem cree-
ping not pinnate. Monoecious.

B. Capsule annulate. Leaves sometimes denticulate.

a. Stem pinnate eradiculose. Leaves entire; costa double
very short or indistinct. Dioecious.

“) This peculiar genus is nearly similar to Limbella C. M. in sched.,
found in S. Amer. only in barren state,

— "8h 5

Ill. Pseud-Acrocladium. Leaves not falcate; alar cells very
large. Branches cuspidate by convolute leaves.

IV. Scorpidium. Branches not cuspidate, their leaves falcate;
alar cells indistinct.

b. Stem not pinnate, sometimes radiculose.

V. Pseudo-Limnobion. Alar leaf-cells gen. distinct.

aa. Costa of branch-leaves subpercurrent. Stem eradiculose.
1. Badiiformia. Leaves entire not decurrent, those of branches
often faleate. Dioecious very r. fruiting.

bb. Costa of leaves gen. short or indistinct.

2. Ochraceiformia. Leaves entire or nearly so, decurrent and
distant; those of branches often falcate. Stem eradiculose.
Dioecious r, fruiting.
3. Molliformia. Leaves not or indistinctly decurrent, sometimes
denticulate, gen. crowded and not falcate. Stem not creeping
us. eradiculose. Often monoecious.
4. Montaniformia, Leaves small sometimes decurrent, us. den-
ticulate; those of branches often falcate. Stem creeping. Us.
monoecious.

I. Eu-Calliergon.

A. Leaves gen. decurrent.
1.C.cordifolium Hedwig. — Hypnum H.

Leaves us. distant and large; upper cells linear-lanceolate,
the lower (below middle) suboblong hyaline. Stem-leaves gen.
subovate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule large; lid obtuse mamil-
late or apiculate. Stems loosely tufted, r. radiculose; branches
gen. long and simple. Tufts us. green. Us. monoecious. —
Swamps and other wet places not r. but not common. Eur.
Sweden! Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can: Macoun; Moser;
Waghorne.

*C. Richardsoni Mitten. — Stereodon Mitt.; Hypnum Lesq.
et Jam.; H. Breidleri Juratzka; H. eyclophyllotum Holzinger.

Leaves less distant; only the lowest basal cells dilated; the
alar sometimes more distinct. Tufts more dense, often brownish
with golden glossy branch-tops. Stem pinnate; branches not
long. — Eur. Sweden, Norway! Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
2.C.giganteum Schimper. — Hypnum Sch.

Differs from C. cordifolium: Leaves nearly crowded; cells sub-
linear except the large hyaline alar. Tufts dense grecn or
brownish. Branches pinnate with numerous branchlets. Dioe-
cious very yr. fruiting. — Swamps, common. Eur. Sweden,
Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser,

— 81 —-

3.C.stramineum Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks.

Leaves oval-oblong nearly crowded or distant, smaller than
in C. cordifolium, sometimes with red rhizoids at apex; cells
gen. sublinear except the large red or hyaline alar and the
often round-oval apical; costa more or less abbreviate. Capsule
somewhat large; lid mamillate. Stem sparingly divided; bran-
ches long not rigid. Tufts gen. pale green, sometimes whitish
or brownish, not radiculose. Dioecious. — Peat-bogs. Eur.
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can. not r.: Ma-
coun; Moser; Waghorne.

*C.laxifolium Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves narrower, very distant and longer decurrent; cells
wider; costa subpercurrent. — Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
*C.nivale Lorentz. — Hypnum Lor.; Schimper.

Leaves smaller and crowded, broadly oval-oblong, appressed
when dry; cells often somewhat dilated. Branches us. whitish
or yellowish green. -— Alpine bogs r. Eur. Norway! Austria:
Lorentz. ;

B. Leaves not decurrent.
4.C.sarmentosum Wahlenberg. —- Hypnum Wng.

Leaves red or brown-red (r. green) somewhat small and
crowded, narrowly ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate; cells linear
except the short dark red near base and the larger alar; costa
gen. red and subpercurrent. Capsule smaller than in C. cordi-
folium; lid sometimes rostellate. Stem irregularly divided or
subpinnate with short branches. Dioecious. — Swamps princ.
in alps, gen. r. Hur. Norway (common and not r. fruiting)!
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

If. Limnobion Kindb.
5.C.palustre L. — Hypnum L.

Leaves subovate often small, us. crowded, sometimes decurrent;
cells sublinear (or the upper oblong-lanceolate) except the often
orange-colored alar; costa variable, sometimes wanting. Stem-
leaves obtusate subacute; branch-leaves gen. acute or short-acu-
minate. Capsule not large often curved; lid acute or apiculate.
Tufts us. dirty green. — In or near mostly running water,
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Moser.

III, Preud-Acrocladium Kindb.
6.C.cuspidatum L. — Hypnum L.; Acrocladium Lindb.

Stem-leaves broad-ovate obtuse or ovate-oblong subacute,
subdecurrent; upper cells oblong-lanceolate, middle linear, lower

—- 82 —

inner basal shorter and dilated, alar hyaline or red. Capsule
large arcuate; lid acute; pedicel very long. Tufts dirty green
or yellowish sometimes glossy. — Wet places. Eur. common.
Sweden (often fruiting), Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. not common.
Can.: Macoun; Moser.

IV. Scorpidium Schimper.
7.C.secorpioides L. — Hypnum L.

Leaves suboval-oblong not decurrent, us. very large; cells
gen. linear, the lowest basal shorter and wider. Stem-leaves
obtuse sometimes apiculate; branch-leaves obtuse or acute. Cap-
sule large arcuate; Jid apiculate; pedicel very long. Tufts us.
brownish with golden glossy branch-tops. R. fruiting. — Peat-
bogs prince. in northern distr. Hur. Sweden, Norway (common)!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

V. Pseudo-Limnobion Kindb.
1. Badiiformia.
8.C.badium C. J. Hartman. — Hypnum Hartman.

Stem-leaves suboval short-apiculate; cells gen. linear orange-
colored, the alar nearly indistinct; costa of some leaves short
double. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute; costa
subpercurrent. Capsule not large, more or less curved; lid
obtuse; pedicel somewhat long. Stems sparingly divided, r.
tufted; branches us. long and often loosed from stem, us. brown-
red with golden glossy tops, r. green. Often growing together
with C. sarmentosum or Hypnum revolvens. — Swamps in northern
alps r. Hur. Norway fruiting! Sweden: R. Hartman, Finl: Bro-
therus. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
9.C.polare Lindberg. — Hypnum Lindberg.

Leaves ovate-oblong, either obtusate (obtuse or acute) or
short-acuminate and falcate, greenish or sometimes golden glossy;
alar cells large hyaline, the others sublinear or the uppermost
oblong-lanceolate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule slightly curved
not large; pedicel short. Stems densely tufted but loosely co-
hering; branches sometimes subjulaceous. — Sand and stones
in alp. rivulets r. Hur. Norway! Sweden fruiting: E. Nyman.
Spetsbergen: Berggren. France: Husnot. Amer, »Greenl.»: Berg-
gren.

2. Ochraceiformia.

A. Leaves entire; costa gen. short us. double. Stem not
rigid; branches often long.
10.C.ochraceum Turner et Wilson. — Hypnum T. et W.

Stem-leaves broad-ovate obtuse not falcate; uppermost cells

— 83 —

oblong-lanceolate, middle sublinear, alar large. Branch-leaves
often curved and acute, sometimes sinuolate near apex. Cap-
sule subovate or arcuate; lid obtuse; pedicel not long. Leaves
often large, us. green or ochraceous. — Stones in running water
prince. in northern alps. Eur, not r. Norway common, Sweden!
Spain: Levier. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can. not r.: Ma-
coun, fruiting; Moser; Waghorne.

11.0.Goulardi Schimper. — Hypnum Sch.

Leaves small not falcate, broadly subcordate obtuse very
concave; cells suboblong or oblong-lanceolate exc. the small
alar. Capsule very small, faintly curved; lid obtuse; pedicel
short. Tufts dark green. Branches often very long. -— Earth
and stones in upper alp. region r. Eur. Norway (fruiting)!
Sweden: E. Nyman. Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
Greenl.: Berggren.

B. Leaves crenulate all around: costa subpercurrent. Stem
rigid when dry; branches not long.
12.C.torrentis C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Leaves smaller than in the last, subcircular not faleate, re-
curved below; cells as in the last. Capsules unknown. Stem
filiform, — Rocks in mountain torrents r. Amer. Can. Rocky
mts: Macoun.

8. Molliformia.

A. Monoecious often fruiting. Leaves us. denticulate above.
Stem eradiculose.

a. Alar leaf-cells large, in elder leaves finally red.
13.C.eugyrium Schimper. — Hypnum Sch,; H. subeugyrium
Renauld et Cardot ?

Leaves ovate-oblong either obtusate (obtuse and cucullate at
apex or acute) or short-acuminate, entire or near apex faintly
denticulate; cells gen. sublinear exc. the alar; costa us. double.
Capsule subobovate or slightly curved; lid obtuse; pedicel not
long. Tufts us. brownish with golden glossy branch-tops,
sometimes green. — Rocks in running water or near lakes gen.
ry. Eur. Germany! Sweden: C. Hartman. Engl.: Rogers. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.

b. Alar leaf-cells small nearly indistinct; the inner dilated.
Stem rigid at least when dry.
14.C.areticum Sommerfelt. — Hypnum Somf.

Leaves subcircular obtuse entire or very faintly sinuolate
above, crowded, small or large; inner cells oval-oblong; costa
us. double. Capsule small faintly curved; segments not split;

a :) eee

lid obtuse; pedicel not long. Tufts dense dark green or blackish.
Branches not long. — Stones in alp. rivulets gen. r. Eur.
Norway! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

c. Alar leaf-cells not red, gen. distinct; the inner sublinear.
Stem soft.
15.C.molle Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks. H. dilatatum Wilson;
H. alpinum Schimper.

Leaves subcircular or oval-ovate with contracted base, obtuse
or short-apiculate, crenulate or sinuolate above, crowded; alar
cells gen. small; costa us. double. Capsule arcuate; lid obtuse
or apiculate; pedicel short. Tufts dense brown or brownish
green often with golden glossy branch-tops. Stem sometimes
denudate below; branches more or less turgid. — Wet alp.
rocks. Eur. not r. Norway! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
16.C.alpestre Swartz. — Hypnum Sw.

Leaves entire suboblong, narrower than in the last and less
patent when moist, crowded, either obtusate apiculate or short-
acuminate acute; alar cells often large, sometimes orange-colored;
costa often simple. Capsule as in the last but often with
longer pedicel. Habit of the last. — Wet rocks in northern
alps rv. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun. Greenl.; Berggren.
17.C.columbico-palustre C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat.
Can. m.

Leaves suboblong denticulate above middle, crowded; alar
cells large; costa simple, reaching above middle. Capsule ar-
cuate; lid flat mamillate; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts green
or golden glossy. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Ma-
coun.
18.C.cireulifolium C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Leaves subreniform or subcircular with cordate base, faintly
crenulate all around, distant and green; cells and costa as in
C. molle. Capsules unknown. — Rocks below alps r. Amer.
Can. N. Brunswick: Moser.

B. Dioecious very r. fruiting. Leaves us. entire; alar cells
very small or indistinct. Stem often simple.

a. Stem julaceous eradiculose. Leaves entire obtusate crow-
ded; costa short.
19.C.turgescens T. Jensen. — Hypnum T. Jens. 1858.

Leaves large ovate or broad-ovate obtuse, sometimes short-
apiculate, brown or green, nearly appressed when dry; cells
oblong-lanceolate, the alar indistinct; costa double. Stem thick
very turgid not rigid. Swamps in alps or heaths (in Sweden)

=

below alps r. Eur, Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can. Macoun. Greenl.:
Berggren.
20.C.trifarium Weber et Mohr. — Hypnum W. M.

Leaves somewhat small, broad-ovate or subcircular, obtuse
or subacute, brownish, strongly appressed when dry; lower
basal cells short dilated, the others sublinear: costa sometimes
simple. Capsule small suboblong or faintly curved; lid convex
short-apiculate. Stems (branches) gen. very long and not tufted,
not thick but very rigid when dry. Resembles C. stramineum
— Peat-bogs r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: R. Hartman; O. W. Re-
delius. Amer, Can. fruiting: Macoun.

b. Stem not julaceous, sparingly radiculose. Leaves faintly
denticulate above, short-acuminate somewhat distant; costa
sometimes prolonged and simple.
21.C.submolle Kindb. — Limnobion rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves with subovate base, sometimes acute, not falcate;
cells linear, alar nearly indistinct. Tufts loose brown. Cap-
sules unknown, — Rivulets in higher alp. region r. Hur.
Norway in Snehetten: D:r P. Olsson.

4. Montaniformia.

A. Dioecious. Capsules unknown. Leaves dentate-serrulate.
22.C.micans Wilson. — Hypnum Wils.; Chrysobryum Lindb.;
Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves broad-ovate or subcircular obtuse or acute, sometimes
short-acuminate, recurved below, serrulate to below middle,
not or slightly curved, subdecurrent, crowded or subdistant;
cells gen. suboblong, inner basal yellow; costa gen. short and
double. Tufts brown with golden glossy branch-tops. — Wet
rocks r. Hur. Irel: G. A. Holt. Amer. »U. S.»: Sulliv.

B. Monoecious, Capsule small subovate or arcuate; lid obtuse;
pedicel short.

a. Leaves crowded, not or indistinctly decurrent, denticulate
at least above middle; costa us. short and double.
23.C.pseud-arcticum Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Leaves broad-oval or subcircular gen. obtuse, denticulate
above middle, us. not distinctly falcate when moist; cells sub-
linear-lanceolate except the hyaline alar. Tufts brown with
green or glossy green branch-tops. Resembles a small variety
of C. palustre, which differs in entire leaves and not annulate
capsule. —- Wet stones in subalp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.
24.C.montanum Wilson. — Hypnum Wils.

Leaves subovate acute apiculate or short-acuminate, denticulate

= 8R SS

all around, falcate or incurved; cells oblong-lanceolate except
the often yellow alar. Tufts bright green or brown with green
branch-tops. — Stones in rivulets r. Eur. Norway: Kaurin; E.
Nyman. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell; James,
com. Levier.

b. Leaves distant decurrent nearly entire; cells oblong-lan-
ceolate; costa often simple.
25.C.pseudo-montanum Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Leaves subovate-oblong often somewhat long-acuminate, acute
or obtuse, denticulate at apex, falcate or incurved, larger than
in the last; alar cells more distinct; costa simple reaching above
middle. Tufts bright green. Habit of the last, but branches
are longer. — Stones in rivulets r. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun;
Waghorne; Drummond n. 206 in part. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
26.C.viridulum Hartman. — Hypnum UHartm. skand. flora;
H. norvegicum Schimper.

Leaves broad-ovate obtuse entire or slightly sinuolate at apex,
not distinctly falcate; alar cells hyaline; costa simple or double.
Tufts green. Resembles a small C. ochraceum. — Alp. rivulets
r. Eur. Norway!; J. E. Zetterstedt; Kaurin (fruiting). Amer.
U. 8. Oregon, mount Hood: Roell.

56. Camptothecium Bryol. eur., in part.
A. Stem us. brown-tomentose.
1. Tomentella. Capsule large; lid not rostrate; pedicel long
smooth. Leaves entire gen. large. Stem not regularly pinnate,
not creeping; branches straight not julaceous, often distant.
Tufts yellowish or golden glossy, r. green or brown. Dioecious.

B. Stem not tomentose but sometimes radiculose.

a. Stem us. irregularly divided; branches somewhat long and
distant, not julaceous, often straight. Dioecious or monoecious.
2. Luteolaria. Capsule large; lid us. rostrate; pedicel long
sometimes smooth. Leaves large and narrow; those of branches
us. denticulate. Stem often nearly eradiculose. Tufts glossy
yellowish or greenish.

b. Stem us. pinnate; branches gen. short and crowded,
subjulaceous or julaceous, us. curved. Pedicel of capsule rough;
lid not rostrate. Gen. dioecious.

3. Sericaria. Capsule large; pedicel not long. Leaves us, large,
those of branches denticulate. Stem rigid us. creeping. Tufts
us. green and silky glossy.

4, Aureolaria. Capsule small; pedicel short. Leaves small,
those of branches often nearly entire. Stem not rigid, often
not creeping. Tufts us. golden glossy.

SiR

1. Tomentella.
1.C.nitens Schreber. — Hypnum Schr.; Camptothecium Schimper.

Leaves narrowly triangular (subovate-lanceolate) gradually
long-acuminate filiform-pointed, not decurrent; alar cells very
small, the others linear; alar and lower basal cells brown; costa
reaching to acumen. Capsule oblong or subcylindric finally
arcuate; teeth yellow; lid apiculate. Tufts us. yellowish or
golden glossy. — Swamps and peat-bogs. Eur. common in
northern districts. Sweden, Norway! Amer. not common. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

In var. atrichum Kindb., a prince. arctic plant, tufts are us.
brown, stems without tomentum. Capsules unknown. — Eur.
Norway near Kongsvold! Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz.

2. Luteolaria.

A. All leaves subulate-acuminate; inner cells linear. Stem-
leaves gen. entire.

a. Leaves plicate not or shortly decurrent; alar cells small.
2.C.lutescens Hudson. — Hypnum Huds.; Camptothecium
Br. eur.; C. fallax Philibert; C. fulgescens Mitten.

Leaves narrow-triangular gen. long-acuminate, not decurrent;
apical cells of uppermost branch-leaves sometimes oblong, alar
not well-distinct, the others gen. linear; costa reaching to acu-
men. Stem-leaves entire; branch-leaves narrower, faintly den-
ticulate at acumen and near base, the uppermost often shorter
and serrate above. Perichetial leaves variable, gradually or
abruptly narrowed. Capsule more or less oblique often arcuate;
teeth yellow; endostome variable often not well-evolute; pedicel
rough. Often pseudo-monoecious. Tufts us. yellowish or green-
yellow. Branches gen. straight. Dioecious. — On rocks and
earth or on base of trees. Hur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer.
Pacif. distr. r. Can.; Macoun. U. §.: Roell, com. Cardot.
*C.eneum Mitten. — Hypnum Mitt.; Camptothecium Kindb.;
Homalothecium subsericeum C. M.

Leaves gen. shorter acuminate short-subulate, us. golden
glossy; those of branches more distinctly denticulate. Capsule
shorter-pedicellate; teeth dark yellow; endostome more evolute;
cilia sometimes appendiculate. Branches often curved. Amer,
Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Macoun. U. 8. Henderson, com. Cardot.
3.C.nevadense Lesquereux. — Hypnum Lq.; Camptothecium
Kindb.

Differs from C. lutescens: Leaves gradually short-acuminate,
gen. larger; costa longer, vanishing in acumen. Peristomial

— 88 —

teeth orange. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

4.C.oxyeladon Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; C. M. syn.; Camp-
tothecium Kindb.

Leaves long-acuminate subulate filiform-pointed short-decurrent,
entire or at acumen faintly sinuolate; alar cells hyaline; costa
reaching to acumen or shorter. Branches compressed not cur-
ved. Tufts green silky glossy. »Capsule oval symmetric incli-
ned; lid obtuse; pedicel smooth. Monoecious»: C. M. syn. —
Amer. r. Can: Macoun.
5.C.Philippei Spruce. — Isothecium Spr.; Camptothecium
Kindb.; Homalothecium Br. eur.

Leaves narrow-triangular long-acuminate, more or less decur-
rent and auricled. Stem-leaves entire; costa long-excurrent.
Branch-leaves faintly denticulate above, often also near base;
costa vanishing in acumen. Perichetial leaves us. abruptly
narrowed to a long subfiliform point. Capsule subcylindric-
oblong straight symmetric; teeth yellow; endostome not well-
evolute; pedicel smooth or in lower part faintly rough. Tufts
us. green and silky glossy, gen. very dense. Branches straight
or slightly curved. Dioecious. — Calcareous rocks gen. r. Eur.
Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi. France: Schimper; Husnot. Germany:
com. Warnstorf.

b. Leaves plicate long-decurrent; alar cells very large, hyaline
or reddish.
6.C.lamprochryseum C. M. et Kindb. — Brachythecium cat.
Can. m.

Leaves gradually narrowed to a short narrowly subulate or
filiform often curved point, strongly plicate. Stem-leaves gen.
entire; costa vanishing near middle. Branch-leaves faintly den-
ticulate all around; acumen longer, costa often reaching to it.
Capsule subovoid or arcuate; teeth yellowish or in lower part
brown; endostome well-evolute; cilia not appendiculate; lid not
seen; pedicel very rough, often long. Tufts us. golden yellow
shining. Stem subpinnate; branches straight. Monoecious.
Regembles somewhat C. lutescens and Brachythecium rivulare. —
Mountain torrents and marshes r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: J.
and J. M. Macoun.

c. Leaves faintly striate decurrent; lower basal cells nearly
uniform not large, alar not well-defined. Stem us. creeping.
7.C.acuminatum Hedwig. — Leskea H.; Camptothecium Kindb,;
Homalothecium Ren. et Card.; »Hypnum Beauvois»: Sulliv. ic. m.

SS 5 3

Leaves crowded with subulate gen. not long acumen, entire
and recurved below, above middle us. faintly deuticulate; middle
and upper cells linear; costa often reaching in acumen. Stem-
leaves subovate-oblong less distinctly triangular; branch-leaves
subtriangular ovate-lanceolate. Perichctial leaves long-triangular
filiform-pointed. Capsule us. cylindric straight; cilia rudimen-
tary; segments not well-evolute; annulus none; lid long-conic
acute; pedicel not long. Tufts compact us. green silky glossy.
Stem creeping; branches subjulaceous often sciuroid-curved.
Dioecious but often fruiting. — Trees and rocks, sometimes in
water. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C.
Mueller.

*C.stenocarpum (Ren. et Card., as var.) Kindb. (in Hedwigia
1896).

Capsule narrower; lid from convex base abruptly rostellate.
Leaves distinctly denticulate nearly all around. — Amer, r.
U. 8. Wisconsin: Roell.
8.C.spurio-acuminatum C. M. ct Kindb. — Brachythecium
cat. Can. m.

Differs from C. acuminatum: Capsule curved; endostome well-
evolute; cilia long. Leaves distinctly denticulate all around.
Perichetial leaves subulate-acuminate. Tufts loose sparingly
radiculose. Monoecious. — Logs r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Branch-leaves obtusate obtuse; apical cells suboblong,
lower oblong-lanceolate. Stem-leaves also denticulate.
9.C.alsioides Kindb. in Pittonia 1892.

Leaves indistinctly decurrent; costa reaching to acumen or
in branch-leaves shorter. Stem-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate,
attenuate to a short acute or subulate acumen, faintly denti-
culate above middle, more distinctly serrulate at acumen; alar
cells quadrate numerous, the others sublinear. Branch-leaves
narrower, more sharply serrate above. Perichetia] leaves abruptly
narrowed to a long subuliforn denticulate often deflexed acu-
men. Capsule subcylindric curved; teeth orange; segments
yellow, lacunose in middle; cilia not appendiculate; lid flat
apiculate; pedicel rough about 16 centim. loug. Tufts bright
green glossy. Stem curved pinnate; branches obtuse often cur-
ved when dry. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Amer. California: Mar-
shall A. Howe.

3, Sericaria.

A. Capsule us. straight symmetric; segments short; cilia none.

Stem-leaves somewhat long-decurrent, us. diversiform; alar cells few.
7

== 90° =

10.C.sericeum L. — Hypnum L.; Camptothecium Kindb.;
Homalothecium Br. eur.

Stem-leaves gen. entire, the elder short; costa reaching to
acumen. Branch-leaves longer and narrower, denticulate above
middle, often also at basal angles; costa longer, not percurrent.
Capsule ovate-oblong or subcylindric; teeth pale yellow; annulus
revoluble; lid often apiculate. Stem rigid pinnate. Tufts us.

green and silky glossy. — Male plant much smaller; leaves
smaller and narrower, those of stem often dentate below, those
of branches with long subfiliform point. — Trees and stone.

Eur. common. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. r. U. 5. Calif.: Mrs
L. C. Feely. Can.: Macoun.

B. Capsule asymmetric or curved; segments long; cilia pre-
sent. Stem-leaves short-decurrent; alar cells numerous.
11.C.Geehebii Milde. — Hypnum Milde; Camptothecium
Kindb.; Brachythecium Schimper.

Leaves subovate-oblong, those of stem entire, those of bran-
ches denticulate at acumen; costa vanishing in acumen. Cap-
sule suboval; teeth orange; cilia short; annulus persistent; lid
long-conic; pedicel 1 c. m. long. Stem pinnate. ‘Tufts dusky
green. — Dry princ. basaltic rocks r. Hur. Germany: A. Geheeb.
12.C.Amesiw# Renauld et Cardot. — C. dolosum R. C.?

Differs from the last: Uppermost branch-leaves serrate at
acumen with oblong cells above costa. Capsule oval-oblong or
narrower; cilia long; lid short conic. ‘Tufts silky glossy brown-
green. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.:
Henderson, com. Cardot. ‘

4. Aureolaria.

A. Leaves decurrent, those of stem entire, those of branches
sinuolate or serrate above. Stem with none or few rhizoids.

a. Leaves small not long. Capsule oblong; teeth orange;
segments and cilia long.
13.C.aureum Lagasca. — Hypnum Lag.; Camptothecium Br.
eur.

Leaves gen. subovate-oblong entire, slightly recurved; cells
linear exc. the alar. Branch-leaves sometimes faintly sinuolate
at acumen. Perichetial leaves entire gen. short-acuminate.
Capsule nearly straight; lid apiculate. Stem sometimes with
paraphyllia. Tufts golden glossy. — Stones r. Hur. Mediterran.
distr. Greece: Orphanides, com. Heldreich. France: Philibert.
14.C.pinnatifidum Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m.

Differs from the last: Inner leaf-cells lanceolate-linear.

eh eo

Perichetial leaves long-acuminate with filiform point. Capsule
curved; lid mamillate. — Shaded rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Macoun; Roell. U. 8.: Boleender, com. C. Mueller.
15.C.arenarium Lesquereux.

Differs from C. aureum: Stem-leaves more distinctly recurved;
branch-leaves serrate above. Branches less crowded us. straight.
Tufts dirty yellowish. — Sandy ground r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Boleender, com. C. Mueller and Renauld.

b. Leaves long narrow somewhat large. Capsules unknown.
16.C.sericeoides C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves long-acuminate subulate; those of branches denticulate
at acumen, entire below; inner cells linear. Perichetial leaves
serrate to below middle, gradually acuminate subulate. Stem
not creeping; branches curved. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves small and, at least on those of branches, denti-
culate gen. all around. Branches crowded and us. curved.

a. Leaves long narrow gradually long-acuminate. Stem pin-
nate.
17.C.Nuttallii Wilson. — Hypnum Wils. Sull. ic. muse;
Camptothecium Schimper.

Leaves subulate-acuminate decurrent, broadly recurved often
to middle, minutely serrulate above to below middle, stronger
dentate at base; inner cells linear. Capsule narrowly ovate-
oblong, slightly curved; teeth orange; segments long or short;
cilia rudimentary; lid apiculate or rostellate. Stem us. cree-
ping; branches short. Tufts us. golden glossy. Sometimes
pseudo-monoecious. — On trees and logs, r. on rocks. Amer.
Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Macoun Canad. musci n. 280. U.S.: Roell;
Bolender, com. Renauld.
18.C.hamatidens Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Differs from the last: Leaves sharply hooked-dentate at base
and at acumen, nearly entire in middle. Capsule subovate;
segments long split in two divergent legs; cilia distinct. Stem
nearly eradiculose with often long branches. Tufts often green
and silky glossy. — On rocks r. on trees. Amer. Pacif. distr.
less r. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell and Miss Mann, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves short and broad.

aa. Stem pinnate radiculose.
19.C.leucodontoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Stem-leaves from short-triangular (subcordate or broad-ovate)
base abruptly narrowed to a long falcate subulate filiform-

— 92 —

pointed acumen, minutely denticulate above to below middle,
stronger serrate at base, broadly recurved only near base, long-
decurrent; alar cells hyaline very numerous, the others linear;
costa reaching to acumen. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong subtrian-
gular acute or short-acuminate, minutely denticulate but near
apex serrate, recurved all around; apical cells oblong. Capsules
unknown. Stem creeping, rigid when dry; branches brown-
yellowish golden glossy. Dioecious. — Amer. r. U. 8. Califor-
nia: Mrs L. C. Feely 1882.

20.C.corticola Kindb. — Homalothecium bull. Torr. club XVIL.

Stem-leaves ovate-triangular with Jong filiform point, denti-
culate at base, sinuolate or nearly entire above, not or near
base slightly recurved, indistinctly decurrent; alar cells few not
hyaline, the others linear-lanceolate; costa reaching to the point.
Branch-leaves subtriangular or broadly ovate-oblong, short-acu-
minate acute minutely denticulate, recurved to acumen; upper
cells rhomboidal or oval-oblong; costa shorter. Capsule oblong-
cylindric straight or slightly curved; teeth orange; segments
long split; cilia none; annulus broad; lid short-pointed; pedicel
short faintly rough. Branches subjulaceous. Tufts green com-
pact. Monoecious or pseudo-monoecious. Habit of Pylaisia
intricata. -- On bark of trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.:
Macoun.

bb. Stem eradiculose, irregularly divided.
21.C.aureolum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves small not decurrent, minutely denticulate all around,
short-triangular suboyate-oblong (or on branches broadly ovate-
lanceolate) with subulate not long acumen; alar cells few, the
others lanceolate-linear; costa vanishing below acumen. Capsules
unknown. Tufts golden glossy. Branches curved. Habit of
C. aureum. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Eur. Norway: E. Nyman;
C. Kaurin. U. 8. Pacif. distr: Roell, com. Cardot (»Homulo-
thecium nevadense var. subulatum» Cardot).

57. Eurhynehium Bryol. eur., in part.

A. Leaves very distinctly mamillose (subpapillose).

I, Seabridaria. Lid of capsule gen. not rostrate; pedicel rough.
Leaves decurrent, serrate or serrulate all around gen. not large.
Stem us. pinnate; branches not compressed. Us. dioecious.

B. Leaves, princ. the uppermost on branches, faintly mamil-
lose near apex.

a. Pedicel of capsule (exc. £. tenellum and E. labradoricum)
smooth.

aa. Alar leaf-cells us. distinct.
II. Stokesiella. Lid of capsule rostrate. Leaves us. distant
and decurrent. Mostly dioecious,
1. Prelonga. Leaves not appressed. Stem us. pinnate.
2. Velutinoidea. Leaves appressed when dry. Stem not pinnate.
lI. Ilecebrina. Lid of capsule not rostrate. Leaves large
crowded not decurrent, appressed when dry. Stem irregularly
divided. Mostly dioecious.
IV. Starkeella. Lid of capsule not rostrate. Leaves decurrent
gen. nearly crowded, us. small and not distinctly appressed
when drv. Stem gen. subpinnate. Mostly monoecious.

bh. Alar leaf-cells not distinct.
V. Rhynchostegiella. Lid of capsule us. rostrate. Leaves
more or less distant, not distinctly decurrent and not appressed,
very smal], Stem not pinnate. Monoecious.

b. Pedicel of capsule smooth or (sometimes in E. collinum)
indistinctly rough. Alar leaf-cells gen. distinct.
VI. Leiopodium. Mostly monoecious.
1. Muraliformia. Lid of capsule rostrate. Leaves gen. large.
Stem us. irregularly divided. Monoecious.
2. Strigosiformia. Lid rostrate. Leaves us. small, those of
branches often obtuse. Stem mostly pinnate. Us. dioecious.
3. Colliniformia. Lid not rostrate. Leaves us. small. Stem us.
not pinnate. Mostly monoecious.

I. Scabridaria Kindb.

A. Leaves serrate all around, those of branches small narrow
gradually acuminate. Stem thin not rigid.
1.E.graminicolor Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Eurhynchium
Renauld et Cardot; Hypnum Sullivantii Spruce; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate with subulate
gen. shortish point, not striate, slightly recurved, patent or
spreading when dry; cells sublinear or lanceolate exc. the alar;
costa vanishing near acumen. Perichetial leaves filiform-pointed.
Capsule suboval; lid long-conic apiculate or rostellate; pedicel
not long. Tufts intricate green not glossy. Stem irregularly
divided; branches short distant. Habit of KH. prelongum. Dioe-
cious rv. fruiting. — On earth r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser.
U. S.: Roell.
2.K.subscabridum Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Differs from the last: Stems subjulaceous; branches attenuate
longish nearly crowded. Leaves shorter, more concave and
longer decurrent; alar cclls more numerous. Stem-leaves ovate

aids an

filiform-pointed; branch-leaves ovate-oblong long-acuminate. Tufts
pale green. Sometimes pseudo-monoecious. Capsules unknown.
— Limestone rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves serrate all around broad and somewhat large sub-
obtusate or abruptly short-acuminate. Stem thick rigid.
3.E.scabridum Lindberg in litt. — Bryhnia Kaurin.

Leaves short acute faintly striate strongly mamillose, long-
decurrent recurved near base; alar cells somewhat numerous,
the otkers sublinear-lanceolate; costa vanishing near middle
or shorter. Stem-leaves ovate; branch-leaves ovate-oblong. Cap-
sule suboval; lid long-conic. Tufts dark green. Stem decum-
bent gen. irregularly divided; branches short obtuse distant
straight often subjulaceous. Dioecious. — Earth r. Eur. Norway:
N. Bryhn; E. Nyman.

C. Leaves serrulate at the subulate shortish point, broad and
somewhat large. Stem thick rigid.
4.E.Nove Angliew Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Hypnum 8. L.;
Sull. ic. m.; Eurhynchium Kindb.; Hypnum Lq. et Jam.

Leaves not striate, nearly appressed when dry and not recur-
ved, from gen. broad-ovate base abruptly acuminate; alar cells
subquadrate, the others lower suboval, the upper oblong-lanceo-
late; costa vanishing below acumen. Capsule oblong or curved;
lid long-conic sometimes rostellate; pedicel not long. Tufts
somewhat loose, brownish or yellowish at least below, often
pale green above. Stem ascending subpinnate; branches gen.
straight and short. Dioecious. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can.:
Moser. U. §.: Austin, com. Macoun; Sullivant et Lesq., com.
Cardot.
5.E.chloropterum C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves striate not appressed, often
recurved to middle, less abruptly narrowed, glaucous green and
longer decurrent; upper cells sublinear; costa shorter, vanishing
near middle. Branches often fasciculate in upper part of stem,
us. curved. Sometimes monoecious. Resembles somewhat
Hypnum decipiens or a Thuidium in habit. — Wet earth and
rocks r. Amer. Can. N. Brunswick: Moser; N. Foundl. common:
Waghorne.

Il. Stokesiella Kindb.
1. Prelonga.

A. Leaves denticulate all around.

a. Leaves long-acuminate; those of stem very broad at base,
long-decurrent; angular cells numerous, special alar large.

— 95 —

6.E.Stokesii Turner. — Hypnum Turn.; Eurhynchium Br. eur.

Leaves serrulate striate with narrowly subulate acumen; cells
gen. linear exc. the angular; costa vanishing in acumen. Leaves
of the thicker stem broad-ovate often filiform-pointed; those of
branches ovate or ovate-oblong; those of the complanate branchlets
very small and narrow. Capsule strangulate suboval or curved;
pedicel often long. Tufts us. green. Stem us. ascending, some-
times with paraphyllia; branches thin often fasciculate. R.
fruiting. — On earth and stones or at base of trees. Eur.
prince. in southern distr. Germany, Italy! Sweden: Lindberg.
Amer. common in Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Mrs L.
C. Feely; Henderson, com. Cardot.

* E.pseudo-speciosum Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves squarrose; costa vanishing below acumen. Stem cree-
ping. Capsules unknown. —- Wet places r. Amer. Alaska: J.
M. Macoun. Hur. Sweden: J. Persson.
7.K.oreganum Sullivant. —- Hypnum Sull.; Eurhynchium Kindb.

Differs from £. Stokesti: Leaves larger, minutely denticulate,
less distant or nearly crowded. Capsule not distinctly constricted.
Tufts looser, finally yellowish. Stem decumbent more rigid;
primary branches thick often plumiform; branchlets not com-
planate. — Logs in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun;
Dawson. U. §8.: Hertzman, com. E. Nyman; Henderson, com.
Cardot.

b. Leaves not much broad at base, gen. not or slightly de-
current, with a not long acumen; angular (alar) cells few. Stem
decumbent; branches often complanate.

aa. Leaves large serrulate gen. distinctly decurrent. Some-
times synoecious.
8.E.speciosum Rridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Eurhynchium Milde;
Hypnum Starkii C. M. syn.

Leaves short-acuminate subovate or (those of branches) ovate-
oblong, faintly striate, very chlorophyllose, distant; cells subli-
near exc. the alar; costa vanishing below acumen. Capsule
oval-oblong; pedicel long. Stem creeping somewhat thick.
Tufts green often glossy. — Humid stones and earth in woods.
Eur. not yr. in south. distr. Switzerl., Germany!

bb. Leaves not large, gen. minutely denticulate; those of
branches not distinctly decurrent.
9.E.prelongum L. -— Hypnum H.; Eurhynchium Br. eur,;
Hypnum distans Lindb.; H. hians Sull. ic. m.

Leaves distant gen. subovate subobtusate and not striate;
cells us. oblong-lanceolate; costa vanishing below acumen.

— 9% —

Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel sometimes long. Stem us. thin
and eradiculose with distant branches. Tufts greenish us. loose
and not glossy. — On earth and logs, less often on rocks.
Eur. common. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. less
common. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. U. S.: Langlois,
com. Cardot. Greenl.: Wenck, com. Roell.

* B.Swartzii Turner. — Hypnum Turn.; Lindb.; Eurhynchium
Curnow.

Leaves broad-ovate short-acuminate crowded; cells oblong-
lanceolate. Stem thicker and somewhat rigid, sparingly radi-
culose; branches nearly crowded. Tufts dark green somewhat
dense. — Shaded stones and logs in woods. Hur. not common.
Sweden!; Lindberg.

*E.Schleicheri Hedw. fil. — Hypnum H. f. Eurhynchium
Lorentz.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate sometimes long-acuminate, us. crow-
ded; cells sublinear; costa long often short-excurrent. Capsule
and pedicel shorter. Tufts dense. — Rocks r. Hur. Sweden!
Belgium: Roemer.

*E.hians Hedwig. — Hypnum H., not Sulliv.; Eurhynchium
Kandb.

Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate with longish filiform point; upper
cells lanceolate. Capsule smaller; pedice] short. Stem creeping.
— Amer. probably not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser. U. 8.: Hall,
com. Macoun.
10.E.pumilum Wilson. — Hypnum W.; Eurhynchium Schimp.

Leaves distant subdistichous very small subovate (or those
of branches ovate-oblong) acute, neither striate nor decurrent;
cells suboblong or broadly lanceolate exc. the not much distinct
alar; costa vanishing near middle. Capsule small oval; pedicel
short. Tufts dense green. Stem creeping subcapillary. Re-
sembles a small var. of E. prelongum. — Earth and rocks r.
Eur. Switzerl.!
11.E.ticinense Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895. — E. Teesdalei
var., Kindb. revue bryol. 1892.

Leaves small subdistant or nearly crowded, ovate-oblong or
broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, not decurrent;
upper cells lanceolate-oblong, lower nearly uniform subquadrate;
costa percurrent or subpercurrent, well-distinct. Stem thin
sparingly radiculose, irregularly divided. Tufts compact green.
Capsules and flowers unknown. Resembles Eurhynchium Tees-
dalei, which differs in opake still smaller and narrower leaves,

—- Stones and stonewalls r. Eur, Switzerl. near Lugano! Italy
near Comol

B. Leaves (at least those of stem) entire below, distant,
somewhat large. Stem decumbent; branches gen. not complanate.

a. Leaves decurrent.
12.K.pseudo-velutinoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves subulate-acuminate filiform-pointed uot or slightly
striate, faintly reflexed near base; cells sublinear; costa short.
Stem-leaves entire subovate or ovate-oblong; costa scarcely reaching
to middle. Branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate denticulate all around;
costa reaching somewhat above middle. Perichetial leaves with
very long filiform point. Capsules not seen; pedicel rough.
Tufts loose green. Stem not creeping. — On earth r. Amer.
Can. Vane. isl.: Macoun 1893.

b. Leaves not decurrent.
13.E.scleropus Br. eur.; Husnot muscol. gall.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong with short subulate point,
serrate above, not recurved; upper and middle cells oval-oblong,
the lower suboblong except the alar; costa vanishing above
middle far below apex. Perichetial leaves with long filiform
point. Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel not long. »Tufts yellowish
or olive-green, nearly eradiculose. Resembles EH. velutinoides but
differs from it in larger more distant not distinctly striate
leaves, their cells wider.» Husnot l. c. — Rocksr. Hur. »Ger-
many: Muehlenbeck»: Schimper.
14.E.lentum Mitten. -— Hypnum Mitt.; Eurhynchium Kindb.

Leaves less large, pellucid not striate, nearly crowded. Stem-
leaves entire subovate abruptly tapering to a somewhat long
narrowly subulate point; cells linear exc. the small dusky at
the insertion, the alar not distinct; costa vanishing near middle.
Branch-leaves ovate-oblong recurved and entire to above middle,
denticulate in upper part; upper cells oblong-lanceolate, the
lower linear exe. the lowest basal; costa thicker below, vani-
shing above middle. Capsule oblong-cylindric subarcuate; lid
not seen; pedicel short. Tufts yellowish green eradiculose.
Branches somewhat compressed. — Logs in woods r. Amer.
Can. Vane. isl: Macoun Canad. musci n. 292, determined by
Prof. C. Mueller.

2. Velutinoidea.

A. Leaves minutely denticulate all around.
15.E.Dawsoni Kindb. bull. Torr. chib XVIL.

Leaves decurrent nearly crowded, large. Stem-leaves from

subovate base somewhat long-acuminate, recurved below; upper
cells lanceolate, the lower and the numerous angular rhomboi-
dal-oblong, special alar not well-defined; costa vanishing in
acumen or subpercurrent. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong short-
acuminate. Capsules unknown. Tufts dense dirty green nearly

eradiculose. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.
B. Leaves nearly entire below middle.
16.E.velutinoides Bruch. — Hypnum Bruch; Eurhynchium

Br. eur.; »Hypnum filiforme Lamarck»: C. M. syn.

Leaves with short subulate or filiform twisted point, recurved
below middle, distant decurrent, somewhat large; cells lanceo-
late exc. the subquadrate near base, alar not well-defined; costa
reaching to or in acumen. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong often entire;
branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate more or less striate. Capsule
oblong; pedicel short very rough. Tufts yellowish or green,
silky glossy. Habit of Brachythecium populeum and B. crasst-
nervium. — Trees and rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler.
France: Authouard, com. Berthoumieu.
17.E.Villardi Renauld et Cardot. — Brachythecium R. et C.;
Eurhynchium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves less distant; cells linear-lanceo-
late except the few quadrate alar; costa not reaching to acumen.
Capsules unknown; »pedicel rough; monoecious»: R. et C. —
Amer. r. U. 8. Pacif. distr. Roell; also com. Cardot.

III. Illecebrina C. Mueller (Scleropodium Schimper).

A. Leaves round-obtuse at apex (r. subapiculate), entire or
at apex obsoletely crenulate. Stem eradiculose; branches often
long. Very r. fruiting.
18.E.obtusifolium Drummond. — Hypnum Dr.; Eurhynchium
Kindb.

Leaves suboval, the lower broader; apical cells oblong, alar
hyaline somewhat large, the others narrow-linear; costa thick
vanishing near apex. Tufts glossy green or finally brown.
Habit of E. rusciforme. Dioecious. »Capsule oblong horizon-
tal»: Lesq. et Jam. — Stones in brooks. Amer. Pacif. distr.
not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves not arrounded at apex, more or less denticulate.
Stem more or less radiculose; branches short.

a. Branch-leaves minutely denticulate. Dioecious.
19.E.illecebrum Beauvois. — Hypnum »Beauv.»: Lindb.;
»Schwegrichen»: Schimp.; Eurhynchium Milde; Hypnum (Scle-
ropodium) Ornellanum Molendo, Limpricht ?

— 99 —

Lower stem-leaves entire ovate abruptly short-acuminate.
Upper stem-leaves subdenticulate narrowly ovate-oblong, gradually
subulate-acuminate; branch-leaves shorter, ovate-oblong acute or
subobtuse, sometimes with filiform point; upper cells rhombic-
oblong, middle and lower lanceolate-linear, the not large angular
hyaline subquadrate; costa stout but not long, vanishing near
or above middle, sometimes forking. Perichetial leaves long-
acuminate nearly entire. Capsule horizontal turgid oval-oblong
or faintly curved; lid apiculate or rostellate. Tufts green or
golden glossy. Branches obtuse. — On rocks or stonewalls or
on earth in grassy places r. Hur. Italy: Arcangeli. Greece:
Heldreich. France: Husnot; Le Jolis. Germany: Roell. Engl.:
Curnow. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
20.E.cespitosum Wilson. — Hypnum Wils.; Eurhynchium
Milde.

Differs from the last: Stem-leaves entire, from subovate base
tapering to a short subulate point. Branch-leaves subovate
short-acuminate acute; costa thinner. Capsule suboblong nearly
straight suberect; lid short-apiculate. Tufts green or dirty green.
Branches attenuate. — Sandstone, willow-trees and humid earth
r. Hur. Engl.: Wilson, com. Schimper. France: com. Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.
21.E.subcespitosum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the both last: Leaves narrower, less crowded
and not densely appressed; those of stem ovate-oblong often
filiform-pointed; cells gen. linear exc. the dilated hyaline alar
and lowest basal. Branch-leaves denticulate only in upper */s.
Tufts yellowish green faintly glossy. Capsules unknown. —
Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun 1893.

b. Branch-leaves sharply serrate near apex. Monoecious.
22.E.Macounii Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Stem-leaves ovate-oblong long-acuminate often filiform-pointed,
denticulate at least at acumen. Branch-leaves subovate-lanceo-
late obtusate denticulate below; upper cells rhombic, alar hya-
line subquadrate, the others sublincar-lanceolate; costa stout
vanishing above middle. Perichetial leaves long-acuminate fili-
form-pointed denticulate above. Capsule narrow-cylindric sub-
erect nearly straight; lid rostellate. Tufts golden glossy or green.
Stem subpinnate; branches acute. — Logs and willow-trees r.
Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Roell; Macoun Canad. musci 290 in part.

IV. Starkeella Kindb.
A. Leaves more or less striate or plicate. Monoecious,

— 100 —

a. Branch-leaves serrate. Pedicel rough. Leaves not plicate.
23.E.oedipodium ‘Mitten. — Hypnum Mitt. Eurhynchium
Kindb.; Hypnum curtum Lindb.; Brachythecium Starkii Schimp.
syn. in part; B, pseudo-Starkii Ren. et Card.

Leaves large gradually acuminate with sublinear or filiform
often twisted point, long-decurrent, more or less distant; alar
cells large hvaline subquadrate not numerous; other cells lan-
ceolate; costa not reaching to acumen, often very short. Stem-
leaves subovate denticulate all around; branch-leaves from broadly
ovate-oblong base tapering to a somewhat long acumen. Capsule
large oval-oblong or arcuate; cilia appendiculate; lid rostellate
or mamillate; pedicel long. Tufts loose green faintly glossy.
— On earth in woods, probably not uncommon. Eur, Sweden!;
8. O. Lindberg. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. U. 8.:
Roell, com. Cardot.
24.E.trachypodium Funck. — Hypnum Funck; Eurhynchium
Kindb.; Brachythecium Br. eur.

Leaves not large, not or shortly decurrent, distant or crowded;
alar cells small gen. not much distinct; other cells gen. subli-
near; costa vanishing near middle or shorter. Stem-leaves gen.
ovate-oblong sometimes with long straight filiform point; branch-
leaves narrower, gradually subulate. Perichetial leaves fimbriate.
Capsule not large, oval-oblong not or slightly curved; cilia not
appendiculate; pedicel short. Tufts dense or loose, often golden
glossy. Stem creeping subpinnate. Resembles Brachythecium

velutinum, — Caverns and crevices of alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
*K.Payoti Schimper. — Brachythecium Sch.; Eurhynchium
Kindb.

Leaves crowded; those of stem often abruptly narrowed to a
curved filiform point. Capsules unknown. — In alps r. Bur.

Mont Blanc: Payot, com. Husnot.
bd. Branch-leaves minutely denticulate or nearly entire. Pe-
dicel sometimes faintly rough or smooth. Leaves plicate nearly
crowded,
25.E.glaciale Br. eur. — Brachythecium B. e.; Euarhvnchium Kbg.
Leaves subovate with short subulate or filiform point, nearly
appressed when dry; upper cells either linear-lanceolate or oblong-
oval, lower basal suboval except the numerous subquadrate
(green or hyaline) alar. Stem-leaves broad-ovate, sometimes
long-decurrent and nearly entire; costa gen. vanishing in middle.
Branch-leaves ovate denticulate all around; costa reaching to
acumen.

— 101 —

Perichetial leaves erect. Capsule small suboval not curved;
cilia not appendiculate; pedicel gen. short, us. faintly rough.
Tufts dense green often not glossy. Stem subpinnate more or
less radiculose. Leaves variable in size, sometimes nearly as
smalls as in HE. reflexum. — Earth near rivulets in higher alp.
region r. Hur, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
26.E.Roellii Renauld et Cardot. — Brachythecium R. et C.;
Kurhynchium Kindb.

Leaves subovate or ovate-oblong with somewhat short acumen,
denticulate all around, less appressed; cells lanceolate exc. the
few quadrate dusky alar; costa gen. not reaching to acumen.
Capsules unknown. Stem eradiculose irregularly divided, Tufts
dirty green. Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl: Roell, com. Cardot.
27.K.labradoricum Kindb. n. sp.; »E. subglaciale» in litt.
ad Macoun.

Differs from E. glaciale: Leaves larger somewhat glossy, not
appressed when dry; cells sublinear except the large not nume-
rous alar; costa vanishing near middle. Stem-leaves gen. entire;
branch-leaves long-acuminate minutely denticulate above. Pe-
richetial leaves patent. Capsule curved; pedicel quite smooth,
3—4 c m. long; lid acute; peristome not seen. — Amer. r.
Can. Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.

B. Leaves not striate. Capsule us. small; pedicel rough.

a. Branch-leaves serrate. Monoecious. Stem us. creeping.
28.K.reflexum Starke. — Hypnum St.; Eurhynchinm Kindb.;
Brachythecium Br. eur.

Leaves small and short with subfiliform or subulate gen.
not long point; cells wide (as in Amblystegium): upper suboblong,
the very numerous basal and angular larger, suboval or rotun-
date; special alar cells green few not well-defined; costa per-
current. Stem-leaves broadly round-ovate nearly entire, abruptly
narrowed to the point. Branch-leaves ovate-oblong subulate-
acuminate serrate all around. Capsule us. small suboval or
arcuate; cilia appendiculate; lid apiculate; pedicel faintly rough,
often not long. Tufts us. dense green. Stem rigid pinnate or

bipinnate. — On rocks, earth and hase of trees. Hur. not r.
Sweden and Norway common! Amer. Can.. Macoun; Waghorne.
29.K.pacificum Kindb. n. sp. — Brachythecium reflexum var.

pacificum Renauld et Cardot.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger and narrower with gen.
long filiform point; cells oblong-lanceolate exc. the well-defined
alar; costa abbreviate. Stem irregularly divided and not

— 102 -—

rigid. Capsules not seen. — Amer. r. U. 5S. Pacif. distr.:
Roell.

30.E.Starkei Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Lindb.; Eurhynchium
Kindb.; Brachythecium Br. eur. in part.

Differs from the resembling EH. reflecum: Leaves a little larger,
distinctly denticulate all around, with short often twisted point;
upper cells sublinear, lowest oblong-oval not numerous, alar
quadrate hyaline well-defined; costa not percurrent, often vani-
shing below acumen. Tufts more dense. Stem irregularly
divided or subpinnate. — Rocks r. Eur, Norway, Switzerl.!
Amer. Can. Macoun; Waghorne.

b. Leaves minutely denticulate. Dioecious. Stem sparingly
radiculose.
31.E.Bolenderi Lesquereux. -- Hypnum Lesq.; Eurhynchium
Kindb.

Leaves subdistichous very small, short-acuminate acute; cells
gen. linear exc. the few quadrate alar. Stem-leaves ovate or
ovate-oblong, sometimes filiform-pointed; costa vanishing near
middle. Branch-leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate; costa vanishing
above middle. Capsule suboval very small; lid subobtuse; pe-
dicel short. Tufts brownish dense. Stem thin not rigid, irre-
gularly divided. — Wet places in woods r. Amer. U. 8S. Pacif.
distr.: Boleender, com. Renauld.

V. Rbhynchostegiella Bruch et Schimper.

A. Pedicel of capsule smooth. Leaves not opake and not
much distant; costa well-defined. Tufts silky glossy. Us. fruiting.
32.E.algirianum Bridel. — Pterogynandrum Brid. 1798; Eu-
rhynchium Kindb.; Hypnum tenellum Dickson 1801.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually long-acuminate
with filiform point, nearly entire; cells linear; costa reaching
into acumen or shorter. Capsule oval; lid rostrate. — Crevices
of gen. calcareous rocks and stone-walls. Hur. not r. in southern
distr. Italy, Switzerl., Sweden!

B. Pedicel rough. Leaves opake distant; costa gen. faint or
not well-defined. Tufts not glossy. R. fruiting.
33.E.Teesdalei Smith. — Hypnum Sm.; Eurhynchium Schimp.

Leaves gen. broad]v oblong-lanceolate and obtusate, denticulate
nearly all around; cells lanceolate; costa gen. subpercurrent.
Capsule oval-oblong; lid rostellate or apiculate. — Rocks near
water r. Eur. Engl.: Holt; Rogers. Italy: Arcangeli.

* E.Jacquini Garovaglio, — Hypnum Gar.; Eurhynchium Kindb.;
Rhynchostegiella Limpricht.

— 1038 —

Leaves gen. narrower and acute or short-acuminate. — Eur.
r. Austria: Venturi. Sweden: E. Wetterhall.
34.K.curvisetum Bridel. -- Hypnum Brid.; Eurhynchium Husnot.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate us. short-acuminate acute, nearly
entire below middle; cells lanceolate; costa shortish. Capsule
oval-oblong; lid rostrate. --- Rocks r. Eur. Italy: Arcangeli.
Amer. U. S.: James.

*E.litoreum Notaris. — Hypnum Not.; Eurhynchium Kindb.,
Rhynchostegiella Limpricht.

Leaves long-acuminate narrower. Lid of capsule rostellate.
— Wet rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Germany:
Schimper.

VI. Leiopodium Kindb.
1. Muraliformia.

A. Leaves suboval-ovate obsoletely denticulate or entire; cells
gen. lanceolate-oblong.
35.E.murale Necker. — Hypnum Neck.; Eurhynchium Milde;
Rhynchostegium Br. eur.

Leaves obtusate (obtuse or short apiculate), nearly crowded;
not decurrent; alar cells suboval; costa thin gen. not long,
sometimes obsolete. Capsule oblong; pedicel short. Tufts green.
Stem creeping; branches sometimes julaceous. — Stone-walls
and rocks. Hur. Switzerl.| Sweden r.: 8. Hardin; Berggren.
Engl.: Cash. France: Husnot.

B. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong denticulate; cells gen. linear.

a. Leaves not decurrent. Pedicel short.
36.E.rusciforme Weis. — Hypnum Weis; Eurhynchium Milde;
Rhynchostegium Schimp.

Leaves us. obtusate (acute or r. obtuse) and large, r. distant;
lowest basal cells oblong-oval few not much distinct; costa thick
long often subpercurrent. Capsule oval-oblong. Tufts us. olive-
green. Stem often rigid, r. creeping. Plants us. robust, often
sterile. — Wet rocks and logs nearly common. Eur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
37.E.confertum Dickson. — Hypnum Dicks.; Eurhynchium
Milde; Rhynchostegium Br. eur.

Leaves acute or short-acuminate, nearly crowded; lowest basal
cells oval-oblong, alar not much distinct; costa thin vanishing
near middle, sometimes obsolete. Capsule suboblong or arcuate.
Tufts green. Stem creeping not rigid. Plants not robust. —
On stones, r. at base of trees. Hur. not r. in southern distr.
Switzerl.!

— 104 —

*E.Delognei Piré; Boulay muscin. de la France.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate subdistichous; costa longer. — Eur.
r. France: Husnot.

b. Leaves decurrent and distant. Pedicel long.
38.E.megapolitanum Blandow. — Hypnum BL; Eurhynchium
Milde; Rbvnchostegium Br. eur.

Leaves acute acuminate often pellucid, alar cells large nume-
rous subquadrate; costa thin vanishing near middle. Capsule
arcuate suboblong or subcylindric. Tufts green or pale green,
sometimes glossy. Stem not creeping. — Sandy places and
stones gen. r. Eur. Switzerl.! Germany: Warnstorf,

2. Strigosiformia.
39.E.strigosum Hoffmann. — Hypnum Hoffm.; Eurhynchium
Br, eur.

Leaves serrulate gen. not much distant and not long-decur-
rent; middle cells sublinear, lowest basal short; costa not long,
vanishing above middle. Lower stem-leaves ovate-oblong acu-
minate. Branch-leaves subovate obtusate (acute or obtuse);
their apical cells often oval-oblong; costa often short. Capsule
suboblong gen. faintly constricted, r. arcuate; cilia not appen-
diculate. Tufts us. green and faintly glossy. Stem creeping,
sometimes with paraphyllia. Dioecious or pseudo-monoecious.
— On rocks and on base of trees. Hur. not common. Sweden
and Norway not r.! Amer. Can. common: Macoun; Waghorne.
U. 8.: Roell.

*E.precox Hedwig. — Hypnum 4H.; Eurhynchium . No-
taris.

Branches julaceous; their leaves gen. obtuse. Tufts dense.
Stem not pinnate. — Earth and rocks r. Hur. Norway! Amer.

Can.: Macoun.
* K.diversifolium Bryol. eur.

Branches us. julaceous; their leaves gen. obtuse with sub-
oblong mner cells. Tufts less dense. Stem sometimes pinnate.
— On earth r. Hur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.,
40.E.substrigosum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from #. sérigosum: Leaves larger and subdistichous,
more distant and long-decurrent, glossy yellowish. Capsule
strangulate larger; cilia appendiculate. Branches more distant.
Monoecious. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun. U. &.: Roell.

— 1045 —

41.E.acutifolium Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895; in Hedwigia 1897.
Differs from E. strigosum: Leaves long-distant long-decurrent
with long subulate acumen, spreading also when dry; branches
more distant; pedicel of capsule longer; monoecious. — Wet
logs r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Vance. isl: Macoun 1893. U.
8. Washington: Fenzler, com. Roell.
8. Colliniformia.

A. Leaves entire somewhat large. Monoecious.
42.E.Krausei C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M.; Eurhynchium
Kindb.

»Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate; cells
sublinear exc. the small numerous pellucid alar; costa often
forking. Capsule cylindric arcuate; lid conic mamillate; pedicel
short. Tufts pale green. Stem irregularly divided; branches
julaceous. —- Amer. r. Alaska: Krause»: C. M. in Flora 1887.

B. Leaves small serrulate not decurrent. Capsule erect nearly
symmetric. Synoecious.
43.E.utahense James. — Brachythecium Jam ; Sull. icon. muse.;
Eurhynchium Kindb.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate gradually acuminate, serrulate
or at the subulate acumen serrate; cells sublinear exc. the
quadrate well-defined alar; costa reaching to middle. Periche-
tial leaves serrate above. Capsule suboval; cilia very short;
annulus narrow; lid obtuse; pedicel short. Tufts pale fuscescent.
Stem creeping; branches not distinctly julaceous. Habit of
E. collinum, — Sandstone rocks in alp. region r. Amer. »U.S.
Utah»: Sullivant.

C. Leaves small gen. serrulate all around. Capsule oblique.
Monoecious.
44.K.collinum Schleicher. — Hypnum Schl.; Eurhynchium
Kindb; Brachythecium Br. eur.

Leaves decurrent, faintly striate. Stem-leaves from broad-
ovate base suddenly tapering to a subfiliform often twisted point;
upper cells linear hyaline, lower oblong, angular oval-quadrate,
special alar not well-defined; costa vanishing near middle or
shorter. Branch-leaves ovate less abruptly narrowed and stronger
dentate; costa often reaching above middle. Capsule thick
suboval often horizontal; lid subobtuse; pedicel short sometimes
slightly and distantly rough. Tufts green faintly glossy, us.
compact. Stem creeping; branches short subjulaceous. Habit of
E. strigosum *preecox. -— Rocks and their crevices in alps r. Eur.
Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.

8

= 108 =

*E.tromsoénse Kaurin. — Brachythecium Kaur.; Eurhynehium
Kindb.
Leaves more minutely denticulate, those of stem nearly entire.

Pedicel smooth. —- Rocks r. Eur. Sweden below alpine regions:
Arnell.
*E.idahense Renauld et Cardot. — Brachythecium R. C.;

Eurhynchium Kindb.

»Leaves larger, subsecund; costa reaching to “/s. Pedicel
smooth sometimes 17 m. m. long. —- Amer. r. U. S.»: Ren.
et Card.
45.E.Bryhnii Kindb. botan. notiser 1896. — Brachythecium
collinum var. Bryhnii Kaurin.

Tufts less compact. Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong gradually
acuminate; inner basal cells sublinear; costa longer. Capsule
oblong much longer pedicellate. = Caverns of rocks in higher
alp. region r. Eur. Norway in Knudshoe near Kongsvold 1500
metr. a. s.!; N. Bryhn and P. Olsson.
46.E.pseudo-collinum Kindb. — Brachythecium Kindb. cat.
Canad. m.

Differs from £. collinum: Branches not being julaceous. Leaves
somewhat larger and longer, ovate-lanceolate gradually tapering
to a short twisted point, not densely crowded; cells chloro-
phyllose, alar larger; costa reaching above middle. — Amer.
Can. N. Brunsw. below alp. district: Moser; Labrador: Waghorne.

58. Brachythecium Bryol. eur.

A. Leaves gen. large and (also when moist) plicate, us.
(except B. mamilligerum) recurved at borders. Lid of capsule
not rostrate; pedicel smooth.

I. Salebrosaria. Leaves large (exc. B. levisetum and some-
times B. albicans), often filiform-pointed, gen. (exc. B. digastrum
and sometimes B. albicans) long. Stem often radiculose. Dioe-
clous or monoecious, r. synoecious.

1. Eplicata. Leaves not plicate.

2. Plicata. Leaves plicate.

B. Leaves large not plicate, faintly or not recurved. Lid
of capsule (exc. B. Ryani and sometimes B. Vaucheri) us. ro-
strate; pedicel (exc. B. fagineum) rough.
II. Eurhynchiopsis. Leaves gen. broad and not long; upper
branch-leaves us. abruptly narrowed to a long filiform point.
Stem sparingly radiculose; branches often julaceous. Dioecious
r. fruiting.

C. Leaves large (exc. sometimes B. populeum) and (exc. B.

a

spurio-rutabulum and sometimes B. rivulare) not plicate when
moist, often recurved. Lid of capsule (exc. sometimes B. vallium
and B. asperrimum) not rostrate; pedicel rough.

Leaves not abruptly narrowed to the less often filiform point.

a. Leaves gen. short and broad, r. recurved, sometimes plicate.
III. Rutabularia. Pedicel of capsule distinctly and wholly
rough. Mostly dioecious.

b. Leaves not plicate, often recurved, gen. long.

IV. Plumosaria. Pedicel of capsule very faintly rough or
sometimes nearly smooth. Monoecious.

V. Pseudo-Plumosaria. Pedicel of capsule very rough; lid
sometimes rostrate. Monoecious or dioecious,

D. Leaves not large and gen. not broad, r. plicate and less
often recurved. Lid of capsule not rostrate; pedicel us. rough.
VI. Velutinaria. Stem us. creeping.

I. Salebrosaria Kindb.
1. Eplicata.
1.B.Mildei Schimper. — Hypnum acutum Mitten; Brachythe-
cium Sull. ic. m.

Leaves nearly entire (or faintly sinuolate) narrowly ovate-
oblong or ovate-lanceolate with long subulate acumen, not re-
curved below, subdecurrent somewhat distant; alar cells some-
what large hyaline not few, the others sublinear; costa longish
but not reaching to acumen. Capsule arcuate; teeth brown-
yellow; cilia appendiculate; annulus none; lid conic apiculate;
pedicel often long. Tufts green or yellowish faintly glossy and
sparingly radiculose. Branches slightly compressed often sub-
pinnate. Monoecious or synoecious us. fruiting. — Peat-bogs,
logs and stones not common. Eur. Sweden! Germany: Milde.
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: com. Macoun; Roell.
2.B.pseud-albicans Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves short-acuminate faintly denticulate all around, some-
what distant, patent when dry; lowest basal cells finally brown,
alar large on a triangular space, the others linear-lanceolate;
costa short vanishing below or near middle. Stem-leaves ovate;
branch-leaves ovate-oblong. Tufts yellowish sparingly radiculose.
Branches compressed. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. — Wet
logs or sand-dunes near Pacific sea r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.:
Macoun Canad. m. n. 285.

2. Plicata.

A. Leaves us. entire, more or less appressed when dry.

Lid of capsule acute; cilia not appendiculate.

— 108 —

a. Leaves gen. entire and glossy. Annulus of capsule
narrow. Dioecious.
3.B.albicans Necker. — Hypnum Neck.; Brachythecium Br.
eur.

Leaves (at least on branches) with long subulate acumen,
sometimes small; alar cells well-defined on a narrow-rectangular
space, the others linear-lanceolate; costa often reaching to acu-
men, Stem-leaves us. subovate or with ovate base; branch-
leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate. Capsule small suboval
or faintly curved; pedicel not long. Tufts us. pale or whitish
green. — Mostly on dry sand. Zur. not uncommon. Sweden];
M. Huss, fruiting. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. Alaska: Palmer. U.
S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
4.B.glareosum Bruch; Br. eur. — B. tauriscorum Molendo.

Leaves large with subulate acumen and long filiform often
twisted point; alar cells well-defined, also the lowest basal short,
the others linear-lanceolate; costa gen. vanishing near middle.
Stem-leaves abruptly narrowed, broadly ovate-oblong. Branch-
leaves ovate-lanceolate with long subulate faintly denticulate
acumen and shorter point. Capsule large arcuate; pedicel us.
short. Tufts us. pale green or yellowish. Stem eradiculose
sometimes with paraphyllia. — Dry gravelly or calcareous places
and stone-walls. Hur. not common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!
Amer, yr. Can.: Macoun; Drummond n, 174.
5.B.turgidum C. Hartman.

Leaves large entire ovate-lanceolate with subulate not long
acumen; alar cells few and small, the others sublinear; costa
vanishing near middle or somewhat longer. Capsula arcuate;
pedicel not long. Tufts loose eradiculose yellow-green or golden
glossy. Stem robust turgid often long and simple. — Swamps
in alps r. Eur. Norway (fruit.)!; C. Hartman. Spetsbergen: R.
Gyllencreutz. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.
Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves faintly denticulate above and entire below, vot
glossy. Capsule not annulate. Monoecious.
6.B.digastrum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves large recurved to the short subulate acumen; alar
cells small green not well-defined, the others lower suboval,
the upper oblong-lanceolate; costa vanishing near acumen.
Stem-leaves broad-ovate; branch-leaves ovate-oblong. Capsule
curved; segments short; lid sometimes apiculate; pedicel not
long. Tufts olivaceous or green. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Moser.

— 109 —

B. Leaves patent when dry; those of branches us. denticu-
late all around. Monoecious or (B. luteolum) dioecious, r. syn-
oecious.

a. Leaves entire or (at acumen) faintly sinuolate.
7.B.mamilligerum Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves large narrowly ovate-lanceolate with long subulate
filiform-pointed acumen, not or indistinctly recurved below, not
densely crowded, nearly spreading when moist; alar cells not
well-defined, the few lowest basal short, the others linear; costa
vanishing in middle or longer. Perichetial leaves with long
filiform point. Capsule suboval or arcuate not large; cilia not
appendiculate; annulus none; lid mamillate; pedicel long. Tufts
yellowish faintly glossy, very dense and radiculose. Stem sub-
pinnate; branches faintly compressed. — Wet logs near springs
r. Amer, Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves distinctly denticulate.

aa. Alar leaf-cells small green well-defined. Perichetial
leaves obtuse. Dioecious r. fruiting.
8.B.luteolum C. Mueller. — Hypnum C. M. syn.; Brachythe-
cium Kindb.; »B. letum» Schimper, non Bridel.

Leaves large with shortish acumen; cells sublinear exc. the
alar; costa sometimes reaching into base of acumen. Stem-
leaves ovate or ovate-oblong denticulate above and _ftiliform-
pointed; branch-leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate,
denticulate all around. Capsule suboblong arcuate or suberect;
cilia not appendiculate; annulus none; lid short-apiculate; pedicel
not long. Tufts green often glossy and radiculose. Branches
often pinnate. — On calcareous or basaltic rocks, r. on trees,
r. Eur. Switzerl., Norway! Germany: Geheeb; Roemer.

bb. Lowest basal cells nearly uniform and dilated. Peri-
chetial leaves acute. Monoecious us. fruiting.
9.B.salebrosum Hoffmann. —- Hypnum Hoffm.; Brachythe-
cium Br. eur.; B. Roteanum Notaris; B. sericeum Warnstorf;
»Hypnum plumosum Hudson»: Lindb.

Leaves large ovate-lanceolate with subulate us. long and often
filiform-pointed acumen, denticulate all around, us. recurved;
lowest basal cells large subquadrate, the others linear-lanceolate;
costa us. vanishing near middle. Perichetial leaves us. with a
faint costa. Capsule large arcuate; cilia us. appendiculate;
annulus narrow subpersistent; lid apiculate or acute; pedicel us.
not long. Tufts more or less radiculose, us. pale or dirty
green. Stem gen. not pinnate. — On stones and earth or on

— 110 —

base of trees. Huw. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can. not r.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
* B.vineale Milde.

»Leaves of stem entire. Annulus of capsule wanting. Poly-
gamous. — Eur. Tirol near Meran: Milde»: Limpricht.
10.B.letum Bridel. — Hypnum Brid; C. M.; Sulliv. ic. muscor.;
Brachythecium Kindb., non Schimper.

Differs from B. salebrosum: Capsule not annulate, often less
curved; cilia not appendiculate; lid sometimes mamillate. Leaves
often with distinct alar cells and longer costa, us. glossy. Tufts
very radiculose and dense. »Not easily distinguished from B.
salebrosum»: Sull. 1. c. (delineated as dioecious). — Logs in
shady places. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Lawson; Wag-
horne. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Austin, com. Macoun.
11 B.levisetum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Differs from the last and B. salebrosum in smaller not subu-
late-acuminate leaves and their longer costa; branch-leaves very
short-acuminate with filiform often twisted point. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate acute, denticulate above middle, crowded, not much
patent when dry; lowest basal cells dilated, the others subli-
near; costa vanishing in acumen. Capsule small arcuate; cilia
short; annulus not seen: lid convex obtuse; pedicel not long.
Perichetial leaves nerveless. Tufts glossy green. Resembles
B. populeum. — Logs r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Il. Eurhynchiopsis Kindb.

A. Leaves, princ. the uppermost of branches, with long
hairlike point.

a, Leaves gen. entire, sometimes faintly denticulate near
apex or also in upper basal part, often not decurrent; alar cells
few; costa reaching to middle or shorter. Capsules unknown.
12.B.cirrosum Schwegrichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Brachythe-
cium Schimper; B. Funckii and Myurium herjedalicum Schimp.

Leaves suboblong abruptly narrowed, often recurved below;
upper cells linear, the lower lanceolate. ‘Tufts often glossy or
bright green. Stem r. pinnate; branches obtuse us. julaceous.
— Earth in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
»Greenl.»: Pansch.

b. Leaves (at least those of branches) denticulate all around,
decurrent; angular (alar) cells large numerous; costa reaching to
or above middle.
13.B.piliferum Schreber. — Hypnum Schr.; Brachythecium
Kindb.; Eurhynchium Br. eur.

11d =

Leaves ovate-oblong abruptly narrowed; cells sublinear exc.
the alar. Stem-leaves nearly entire. Capsule oval-oblong or
arcuate; lid rostrate; pedicel faintly rough. Stem pinnate; bran-
ches not julaceous. Tufts green. — On earth among grass, r.
on rocks. — Eur. common. Sweden! Amer. ry. Can.: Moser;
Waghorne. U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun.
14.B.Ryani Kaurin.

Differs from the last: Leaves nearly gradually acuminate,
those of branches broadly ovate-lanceolate. Lid of capsule not
rostrate. —- On earth r, Eur. Norway: Ryan, com. Kaurin.
15.B.Vaucheri Schimper. — Eurhynchium Sch ; Brachythecium
Kindb.; Hypnum C. M.

Leaves from broadly ovate-oblong base gradually or abruptly
narrowed, denticulate all around; cells lanceolate exc. the alar.
Branch-leaves sometimes ovate-lanceolate. Capsule subovate or
oblong; lid rostellate or short-apiculate. Stem not pinnate;

branches us. julaceous. —- Rocks gen. r, Eur. Switzerl.! Sweden:
P. Olsson (fruit.). Germany: Schimper. Amer. r. »Can.: Macoun»:
Lesq. et Jam.

16.Bfagineum (H. Mueller as var.) Kindb. in check-list. —
Eurhynchium Vaucheri var. fagineum H. Muell.; »E. germanum
Grebe»: Limpricht.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gen. gradually acuminate and nearly
entire somewhat small, not appressed when dry; cells as in
the last. »Capsule curved; lid rostrate; pedicel smooth»: Lim-
pricht. — Trees r. Hur. Switzerl.! France: Husnot.

B. Leaves abruptly narrowed to a short narrowly subulate
often twisted point, short-decurrent.
17.B.erassinerve Taylor. — Hypnum Tayl.; Brachythecium
Kindb,; Eurhynchium Br. eur.

Leaves broad-ovate or ovate-oblong denticulate prince. above;
upper cells lanceolate, lower oblong-oval very numerous, alar
nearly similar often green; costa us. thicker at base, reaching
to */; or shorter, sometimes forked. Perichetial leaves costate
long-subulate. Capsule oval-oblong; lid rostrate; cilia not appen-
diculate. Tufts us. green sometimes silky glossy. Stem irre-
gularly divided; branches long often thick and julaceous. Habit
of B. rutabulum or B. populeem. — Shady or humid gen. cal-
careous rocks. Hur. not r. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl., Italy!
18.B.colpophyllum Sullivant. — Eurhynchium Sull. ic. m,;
Brachythecium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves more faintly denticulate; alar

— 112 —

and lowest basal cells suboval, the others sublinear or the
uppermost lanceolate. Perichetial leaves nerveless with long
filiform point. Capsule subcylindric. Stem subpinnate; branches
short. — Amer. r. U. 8. Pacif. distr.: Roell.

IIL. Rutabularia Kindb.
A. Leaves not or r. (sometimes in B. rivulare) plicate, not
or faintly recurved.
a. Monoecious us. fruiting.
19.B.rutabulum Linné. — Hypnum L.; Brachythecium Br. eur.

Leaves more or less decurrent; alar cells hyaline somewhat
large but gen. not forming distinct auricles, the others linear-
lanceolate; costa vanishing above middle. Stem-leaves ovate
gradually short-acuminate, minutely denticulate all around.
Branch-leaves ovate-oblong longer acuminate and more distinctly
denticulate prince. above. Perichetial leaves with long filiform
point. Capsule ovate-oblong or cylindric arcuate; teeth brown;
cilia not appendiculate; lid acute; pedicel very rough, sometimes
long. Tufts sparingly radiculose. Stem irregularly divided or
with pinnate not compressed branches. — Rocks and logs prince.
in woods in dry stations, r. in water. Hur. common below
alp. regions. Sweden, Switzerl., Italv! Amer. Can. r.: Macoun;
Burgess; Waghorne.
20.B.rutabuliforme Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs frorn the Jast: Leaves shorter acuminate. Pedicel of
capsule about 1 c. m. long; cilia appendiculate. Stem very

rigid. — Stones in brooks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
b. Dioecious r. fruiting.
21.B.rivulare Br. eur. — B.rivulare *Nove Brunsvicie Kindb.

in Ottawa Natural. IV.

Leaves long-decurrent, broader and shorter than in B. ruta-
bulum; alar cells very large and hyaline or reddish, forming
distinct auricles, the others lower basal suboval more nume-
rous; costa us. vanishing near or not much above middle.
Stem-leaves broad-ovate with very short point and nearly entire.
Branch-leaves broadly ovate-oblong. Capsule, cilia and lid as
in B. rutabulum; teeth red or (in european specimens) brown-
red; pedicel not very rough and not Jong. Tufts nearly eradi-
culose. Stem divided in pinnate sometimes nearly tree-like
branches. — Wet rocks and stones gen. in running water.
Eur. common also in alps. Sweden, Norway, Germany, Xwit-
zerl., Italy! Germany (fruiting): Schimper. Amer, not common,

— 118 —

Can. not r. and sometimes fruiting: Macoun; Moser; Drummond
n. 178. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

* B.flavescens Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Kindb. Laubm.
Schwed. u. Norw.; Brachythecium Kindb.

Leaves very broad and abruptly acuminate; costa often short
and forked. Pseudo-monoecious. — Eur. ry. Sweden in a
grassy ditch near Linkceping, fruiting!; near Norrkceping: P. Olsson.
*B.latifolium Lindberg — Hypnum Ldb.; Brachythecium
Philibert.

Leaves smaller less crowded, nearly entire and not striate,
more gradually acuminate. Capsules not seen. — Wet places
in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Finland: Brotherus.
Amer. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
22.B.platyeladum C. M. et Kindb. cat, Can. m.

Differs from B. rutabulum: Leaves distinctly auricled with
well-defined alar cells. Pedicel of capsule shorter. Branches
compressed. Stones in woods r. Amer, Can.: Macoun; Moser;
White.

B. Leaves plicate and recurved.
23.B.cavernosum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from B. rutabulum: Leaves more concave, recurved on
both sides to acumen; alar and lower basal cells small green
not well-defined. Lid of capsule longer pointed or rostellate.
-— Amer. r. Can.: White, com. Macoun.
24.B.spurio-rutabulum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Differs from B, vutabulum: Leaves longer acuminate recur-
ved to middle, loosely disposed and long-decurrent, very much
patent when dry; alar cells gen. less defined. Pedicel of cap-
sule short. Stem pinnate creeping. — Logs r. Amer, Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

* B.columbico-rutabulum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Stem-leaves nearly entire; alar cells well-defined. Pedicel of
capsule longer. — Logs by water r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

IV. Plumosaria Kindb.

A. Pedicel of the capsule smooth below, faintly rough or

sometimes nearly smooth above. Stems us. densely tufted and

creeping.
a. Stem-leaves short broad subovate short-acuminate.
25.B.plumosum Swartz. -- Hypnum Sw.; Brachythecium Br.

eur.; Hypnum pseudo-plumosum Bridel; C. M.
Leaves gen. crowded, sometimes short-decurrent, nearly entire

— 114 —

but more or less distinctly denticulate at acumen, often recur-
ved to it; cells gen. sublinear except the few small in the angles
impressed alar; costa gen. vanishing near middle. Branch-leaves
ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate often filiform-
pointed. Perichetial leaves sheathing nerveless, the inner den-
ticulate with long falcate acumen. Capsule oval-oblong or faintly
curved; cilia appendiculate; lid acute or apiculate; pedicel short.
Stem creeping less often subpinnate. Tufts dense us. yellowish
brown and glossy. — Wet places prince. on siliceous rocks in
rivulets, common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerl.!
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. 5. Austin, com. Macoun.

26.B.semiasperum C. M. et. Kindb. — Eurhynchium cat.
Canad. m.

Leaves nearly crowded decurrent nearly entire, from broad-
cordate base tapering to a narrow subulate acumen; upper and
middle cells sublinear, lower dilated; alar cells not defined;
costa vanishing near or above middle. Perichetial leaves sub-
oblong short-acuminate entire nerveless erect. Capsule small
suboval erect or inclined; teeth papillose above; segments shor-
ter than the high basal membrane; pedicel about 0,6 centim.
long. Tufts sparingly radiculose,- loose and green. Branches
unilateral, gen. simple and short. Habit of the last. — Rocks
in brooks r. Amer. Can., Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gen. long narrow long-acuminate.
27.B.populeum Hedwig. — Hypnum H.; Brachythecium Br. eur.

Leaves gen. long anil not broad, with long acumen and short
point, often entire at least below middle, recurved often to
acumen, crowded, not or slightly decurrent; lowest basal cells
short dilated, alar not defined; other cells sublinear; costa rea-
ching to or in acumen, sometimes excurrent. Stem-leaves with
ovate or ovate-oblong base, more or less striate; branch-leaves
narrower. Perichetial leaves nearly nerveless, entire below the
long falcate acumen. Capsule suboval not large; teeth pale;
cilia r. appendiculate; lid acute or apiculate; pedicel sometimes
long. Tufts us. green often glossy. Stem sometimes subpin-
nate. Leaves sometimes small. — Rocks and trees princ. be-
low alp. regions. Hw. common. Sweden etc.! Amer. Can.
not r.: Macoun.

* B.nanopes C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves small narrow less recurved at base. Capsule smaller;

teeth pale orange; pedicel very short. Tufts brownish nearly

— 115 —

eradiculose. — Earth in subalp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

B. Pedicel of capsule faintly rough in its whole length. Tufts
loose sparingly racdiculose. Stem irregularly branching. Cilia
of endostome not appendiculate.

a. Leaves auricled with distinct alar cells; other cells
sublinear.

28.B.campestre Bruch; Br. eur.

Leaves denticulate all around, recurved at one border to
acumen, decurrent, narrowly ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate
often with subfiliform twisted point; alar cells few hyaline
somewhat large; costa vanishing below acumen. Capsule arcuate;
teeth orange; lid apiculate; pedicel gen. long. Tufts green or
yellowish faintly glossy. Habit of B. salebrosum. Dry and
grassy places sometimes on rocks. Hur. r. Sweden!; H. The-
denius. Norway: Bryhn. Germany: Warnstorf. Austria: Berg-
gren. Amer. Can. less r.: Macoun; Moser. U. S. New Jersey:
com. Macoun.

29. B.leucoglaucum C. M. et Kindb. Canad. m.

Leaves sharply serrate above, recurved only near base, from
ovate base suddenly tapering to a somewhat long subfiliform
point; alar cells small numerous; costa Jong sometimes subper-
current. Tufts whitish or subglaucous green. Otherwise as
the last. — Earth and logs in woodsr. Amer. Can. New Bruns-
wick: J. Moser.

b. Leaves not auricled; lowest basal cells dilated nearly
uniform, alar not well-distinct; other cells linear.
30.B.mirabundum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves nearly entire below, denticulate at the very long
involute or channelled acumen, broadly recurved at least at
one side to it, ovate-lanceolate very long, gradually narrowed
from the subovate concave basal part, short-decurrent; costa
vanishing in acumen. Capsule small arcuate; teeth brown; pe-
dicel very short. Tufts faintly or silky glossy, yellowish or
pale green, nearly eradiculose. Branches sciuroid-curved. —
Logs in woods r. Amer. Can. eastern distr.: Moser; Waghorne.
31.B.gemmascens C. M. et Kindb. 1. «.

Leaves faintly denticulate all around, not decurrent, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate with twisted point; costa vanishing below acumen.
Capsule small round-oval oblique; teeth dark orange; segments
short; lid conic apiculate; pedicel long. Tufts dense green or

— 116 —

finally rufescent. Stem furnished with numerous male buds.
— Wet logs r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

V. Pseudo-Plumosaria Kindb.

32.B.asperrimum Mitten; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves minutely denticulate below, sharply serrate above,
ovate-lanceolate long-cuspidate, not or faintly plicate, decurrent
and somewhat distant; alar cells few not large, the others linear;
costa reaching to acumen or shorter. Capsule arcuate. Dioe-
cious. Amer. Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Douglas, com. C. Mueller.
33.B.vallium Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Hypnum Sull. et
Lq.; Brachythecium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves nearly entire, faintly denticulate
at acumen, Pedicel of capsule shorter. Monoecious. — Logs
r. Amer, Pacif. distr. Can.: J. and J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Bo-
lender, com. C. Mueller.

VI. Velutinaria Kindberg.

A. All leaves distinctly denticulate all around, not falcate
when dry. Pedicel of capsule smooth.
34.B.Fendleri Sullivant. — Hypnum Sull. icon. m.; Brachy-
thecium Kindb.

Leaves ovate-oblong with long subulate or filiform point,
recurved near base or to acumen, crowded, sometimes decurrent,
suberect; inner cells sublinear; costa reaching to or above middle.
Branch-leaves serrulate. Perichetial leaves dentate above. Cap-
sule oval-oblong, thick at base, nearly straight and suberect,
very small; lid mamillate. Tufts glossy green. Stem pinnate
or subpinnate. Sometimes synoecious. — Rocks r. Amer. U.
S.: Fendler, herb. Sullivant, com. Renauld.

35.B.Hillebrandi Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves without filiform point, broader
at base and not or indistinctly recurved; upper cells lanceolate,
alar numerous on a triangular space nearly reaching to costa.
Stem-leaves subabruptly narrowed; perichetial nearly entire.
Capsule suboval faintly inclined. Tufts silky glossy. — Rocks
r. Amer. »U. S.: Boleender»: Sulliv.

36.B.biventrosum C. Mueller (in sched.).

Leaves crowded oblong-lanceolate long-acuminate sometimes
recurved to acumen; alar and lower basal cells short small,
the others linear; costa vanishing above middle. Branch-leaves
narrower than those of stem. Capsule oblong; lid apiculate;
pedicel Jess than 1 centim, long. Tufts green; branches very

— il? —

short. Habit of B. velutinum. — Logs in woods r. Amer. U.
S.: Joor, com. C. Mueller.

B. All leaves nearly entire, not falcate.

a. Dioecious. Branches julaceous or subjulaceous.
37.B.californicum Lesquereux. — Hypnum Lq,.; Brachythe-
cium Kindb.

Leaves recurved below, long-decurrent somewhat distant; alar
cells dusky obsolete, the others lanceolate; costa reaching above
middle or shorter. Stem-leaves entire ovate-oblong; branch-
leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate sometimes faintly sinuolate.
Capsule oval-oblong arcuate; pedicel short, rough above. Tufts
pale green loose sparingly radiculose. Stem subpinnate. —- Rocks
and dry sand r. Amer. U. S.: Bolender, com. C. Mueller.
38.B.Fitzgeraldi C. Mueller in Flora 1887.

Leaves more or less (often faintly) recurved, nearly entire,
ovate-oblong not long-acuminate, acute or with short filiform
point, crowded and not distinctly decurrent; alar cells oval or
subquadrate reaching to costa, the others linear; costa not long,
vanishing below acumen. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. U.
S. Florida: Fitzgerald, com. C. Mueller.

b. Monoecious. Branches often compressed, not julaceous.
39.B.Donnellii Austin. — Hypnum Aust.; Brachythecium
Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-subulate often filiform-
pointed, entire or at acumen obsoletely sinuolate, distant not
decurrent; alar cells hyaline somewhat large, the others linear-
lanceolate; costa vanishing near middle or shorter. Capsule
small suboval horizontal faintly curved; pedicel short smooth.
Tufts glossy green. Stem subpinnate creeping. — Rocks and
logs r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

C. Leaves sometimes falcate princ. when dry; those of stem
nearly entire, those of branches distinctly denticulate. Monoe-
clous.

a. Leaves plicate, those of branches denticulate at acumen.
40.B.caleareum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves crowded long-acuminate filiform-pointed more or less
recurved, incurved-falcate when dry, patent when moist; angular
cells short, special alar few hyaline much larger, the others
linear. Stem-leaves with broad base; costa short gen. vanishing
near middle. Branch-leaves narrow; costa nearly reaching to
acumen. Capsule small arcuate; cilia not appendiculate; lid
apiculate; pedicel smooth about 1 centim. long. Tufts dense

— 118 —

radiculose green faintly glossy. Stem irregularly divided; bran-
ches not compressed. Habit of B. intricatum. — Limestone
rocks r. Amer. Can. Ottawa: Macoun 1892.

b. Leaves not plicate, those of branches denticulate all
around.
41.B.velutinum L, — Hypnum L.; Brachythecium Br. eur.
in part; B. vagans Milde (a sometimes synoecious variety).

Leaves long-acuminate not recurved, distant short-decurrent,
us. not curved when dry; alar cells very few scarcely distinct,
the others linear-lanceolate; costa reaching above middle or
shorter. Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate; branch-leaves much nar-
rower. Perichetial leaves dentate above. Capsule thick suboval
horizontal; pedicel rough. Tufts green often glossy, very radi-
culose and dense. Stem us. pinnate. —- Stone and wood. Eur.
common below alp. regions. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. not com-
mon. Can.: Macoun.
42.B.intricatum Hedwig. — »Hypnum Hedw.; Schreber; Bri-
del»: C. M. syn.; Brachythecium Kindb.; Hypnum declivum
Mitten.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter and less distant not
distinctly decurrent, us. falcate or incurved when dry; alar
cells distinct hyaline not few. Stem-leaves ovate-oblong or
broadly ovate-lanceolate, branch-leaves not much narrower.
Stem r. pinnate. Tufts sometimes golden glossy. — Stone and
wood. Eur. probably common below alp. regions. Sweden, Ger-
many, Switzerl.! France!; Boulay. Belgium: Gravet. Italy: Ar-
cangeli. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

* B.salicinum Bryol. eur.

Pedicel of capsule wholly or nearly smooth. — Trees r. Hur.
Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. France: Philibert.
43.B.venustum Notaris. — B. olympicum Juratzka.

Differs from B. velutinum: Leaves shorter and nearly uniform
with long filiform or sublinear point, long-decurrent gen. recur-
ved below nearly to middle, often subfalcate at least when
dry. Capsule oval-oblong arcuate; pedicel smooth. Tufts pale
green loose sparingly radiculose. — Leaves subdistant; those of
stem ovate-oblong; alar cells nearly indistinct; costa reaching
above middle or shorter. Branch-leaves broadly ovate-lanceo-
late. Stem subpinnate. — Stone and wood r. Eur. Switzerl.
near Lugano! Cyprus: Unger. Portugal: Levier. Sweden near
Norrkceping: A. Grape.
44.B.subintricatum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

— 119 —

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate nearly uni-
form (those of branches not much narrower), nearly crowded
(at least those of stem), decurrent, not falcate when dry; alar
cells few, the others linear; costa vanishing above middle.
Capsule arcuate; pedicel very rough. Stem subpinnate. —
Differs from B. velutinum and B. intricatum: Leaves faintly
denticulate filiform-pointed:; alar cells often dilated. Perichetial
leaves nearly entire with long filiform deflexed point. Capsule
oblong-cylindric arcuate. Tufts loose sparingly radiculose dusky
green. Branches faintly compressed. — Trees r. Amer, Can.
Vane. isl: Macoun 1893.
45.B.pseud-erythrorhizon Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 68.

Differs from B. velutinum and B. intricatum: Leaves falcate
also when moist, with more or less recurved borders; those of
stem more distinctly denticulate, those of branches with long
filiform point. Differs also from B. intricatum in decurrent
leaves; from B. velutinum in less distant leaves falcate also when
dry, those of branches not much narrower, alar cells numerous,
Agrees with B. velutinum: Leaves decurrent; pedicel of capsule
rough in its whole length etc. — Higher alp. region r. Amer.
U. S. Pacif. distr.: Roell.

59. Campylium (Sullivant as subg.) Mitten and Lindb., in part.
I. Campylidium. Leaves denticulate; costa short and double
or obsolete. Stem irregularly divided. Monoecious. Growing
on rocks or at base of trees.
1. Striatella. Leaves small long-decurrent; alar cells large.
Capsule small narrow-cylindric nearly straight. Branches often
compressed.
2. Hispidula. Leaves not decurrent and not large; alar cells
small. Capsule arcuate often large. Branches not compressed.
Il. Eu-Campylium. Leaves gen. entire; costa often simple.
Stem often pinnate. Us. dioecious. Growing on wet places.
1. Stellata. Leaves entire not decurrent, ovate-lanceolate
crowded, often large. Capsule large us. arcuate; pedicel long.
3. Chrysophylla. Leaves r. sinuolate-denticulate above, some-
times decurrent and distant, not large; alar cells small. Cap-
sule arcuate not large; pedicel sometimes short.

I. Campylidium Kindb.
1. Striatella.

1.C.striatellum Bridel. — Leskea Brid.; Campylium Kindb.;
Plagiothecium Muehlenbeckii Schimp.; Hypnum ILq. et Jam.

Leaves ovate-oblong long-cuspidate filiform-pointed, distinctly

c= P90!

denticulate all around, not recurved, often subdistichous; cells
oblong-lanceolate exc. the hyaline or orange alar. Capsule
long-necked finally striate; lid obtuse; pedicel long. Tufts dense
glossy green. Branches erect. Habit of C. hispidulum and
some Raphidostegia. — Rocks near sea, princ. the Atlantic, and
in alps, gen. r. Eur. Sweden and Norway (not r. on sea-coasts),
Switzerl.! Amer. Can. near Atl. sea: Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

2.C.Fitzgeraldi Renauld. — Plagiothecium Ren.; Campylium
Kindb.; Hypnum Lesq. et Jam.

Differs from the last: Leaves narrower and nearly entire,
brown at insertion; cells longer and more chlorophyllose, the
alar brown less large. Capsule (unripe) short-necked; pedicel
less long. Branches not erect. Tufts brown not glossy. —
Rocks r. Amer, Can.: Waghorne.

2. Hispidula.
3.C.hispidulum Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Sull. ic. musce.;
Campylium Lindberg.

Leaves denticulate all around, distant, very spreading also
when drv, from short broad-cordate base abruptly tapering to
a long acumen; inner cells (as in Amblystegium) suboblong; an-
gular cells suboval numerous, special alar not well-defined; costa
us. indistinct. Perichetial leaves denticulate above. Capsule
large arcuate; cilia appendiculate; lid apiculate. Tufts green
somewhat high. Branches us. erect. — Rocks and base of
trees. Eur. r. Sweden: P. Olsson; E. Nyman. Finl.: Brotherus.
Amer, not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser. U. S.: Henry, com. Cardot.
4.C.Sommerfeltii Myrin. — Hypnum Myr.; Campylium Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves smaller and less distant, entire
above, not spreading when dry; inner cells oblong-lanceolate;
costa sometimes distinct, r. simple. Capsule smaller; lid not
apiculate; cilia not appendiculate. Tufts intricate green or yello-
wish. Branches us. decumbent. — Rocks and logs. Eur. gen.
r. Sweden not r.!; Myrin. Switzerl., Norway! Amer. Can. not r.:
Macoun; Moser.

*C.byssirameum C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Can. m.

Leaves very small, denticulate all around. Capsules unknown.
— On base of trees r. Amer, Can.: Macoun.

Il. Eu-Campylium.
1. Stellata.

A. Leaves very spreading; cells linear exc. the alar; costa

ast POP eo:

obsolete or very short. Perichetial leaves nerveless. Dioecious
not often fruiting.

5.C.stellatum Schreber. — Hypnum Schr.; Campylium Kindb.

Leaves not falcate, somewhat short-cuspidate (with somewhat
short subulate part of the acumen), us. abruptly attenuate.
Tufts us. not or sparingly radiculose, green or brown. Stem
and branches us. erect, r. pinnate. — Common. Eur. Sweden
etc.| Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. §.: com. Macoun.
6.C.protensum Bridel. — AHypnum Brid.; Campylium Kindb.

Leaves long-cuspidate gradually attenuate, the uppermost us.
faleate. Stem gen. pinnate and creeping. — Not common.
Eur, Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: E. Nyman. France; Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. not much spreading; upper cells linear, the
lower us. dilated; costa often long, sometimes obsolete. Peri-
chetial leaves plicate (as in the both last), costate. Sometimes
polygamous.
7.C.polygamum Br. eur. — Amblystegium Br. eur.; Campylinm
Kindb ; Hypnum Schimper.

Leaves long-cuspidate gen. gradually attenuate, not falcate.
Tufts radiculose. Stem with gen. not pinnate branches. — Not
common. Hur. Norway, Switzerl,! Finl.: Lindberg. Amer, Can.:
Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.

2. Chrysophylla.

A. Leaves very distant, not decurrent; cells sublanceolate
exc. the alar. Monoecious.
8.C.hygrophilum Juratzka. — Hypnum Jur ;Campylium Kindb.;
Amblystegium Schimper.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or from subovate base long-
acuminate, nearly entire; costa sometimes reaching to middle.
Peristomial teeth orange. Stem pinnate. Resembling Hypnum
riparium but very much smaller. — Rare. Eur. Switzerl.! Finl.:
Lindberg. Amer. U. 8.: Roell.

B. Leaves crowded not spreading; cells linear, the alar
nearly indistinct. Capsules unknown.
9.C.Duriei Montagne. -- Hypnum Mont. C. M. syn.; Cam-
pylium Kindb.; »Orthothecium Bescherelle»: Husnot.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-acuniinate filiform-poin-
ted, faintly sinuolate above middle; costa very thin vanishing
near middle or obsolete. Stem irregularly divided. Tufts in-
tricate very dense. — Hur. r. France, Provence: Philibert.

9

— 122 —

C. Leaves spreading gen. with ovate base; alar cells distinct,
the others us. linear. Dioecious.

a. Leaves nearly crowded not decurrent; angular (alar) cells
few.
10.C.chrysophyllum Bridel. — Hypnum Brid.; Campylium
Kindb.

Leaves entire (or the uppermost sinuolate) long-cuspidate;
cells gen. linear exc. the us. yellow alar; costa thin reaching
to middle or obsolete. Perichetial leaves costate faintly striate,
abruptly narrowed. Peristome pale. Branches us. pinnate.
Tufts sparingly radiculose, not much dense. — Common. Eur.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.| Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Wag-
horne. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot.
11.C.unicostatum C. M. et Kindb. —- Hypnum cat. Canad. m.

Leaves entire shorter-acuminate than in the last; alar cells
small not yellow, the others gen. linear; costa gen. distinct.
Perichetial leaves costate, gradually subulate-acuminate or with
filiform falcate point. Capsule smaller than in the last. Stem
irregularly divided. Tufts very dense. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun;
Moser.
12.C.sinnolatum Kindb. in Hedwigia 1897 p. 47.

Leaves sinuolate short-acuminate; alar cells hyaline, the others
sublanceolate; costa long somewhat thick. Stem irregularly
divided. Tufts dense. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. U. S,
Ohio: Purpus, com. Roell.

b. Leaves decurrent entire more or less distant, recurved
at base; angular cells numerous hyaline.
13.C.decursivulum C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Canad. m.

Leaves from broad-ovate base long-cuspidate; costa not long.
Capsule arcuate; lid apiculate; pedicel very long. Perichetial
leaves costate plicate short-cuspidate filiform-pointed. Stem
often pinnate. Tufts loose. — Amer. Can.: Macoun. Zur.
Sweden: P. Dusén.
14.C.bergenense Austin. — Hypnum Aust.; Campylium Kindb.

Leaves short very small, ovate-cordate or ovate-oblong, shortly
cuspidate; costa often prolonged nearly to acumen. Capsule
small arcuate; pedicel not long. —- Amer. r. U.S.: Roell; Austin,
com. C. Mueller.

60. Heterophyllon Kindb., new genus.

A. Leaves entire somewhat large.
1.H.Haldanei Greville. — Hypnum Grey.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute or short-acuminate, recurved below

— 123 —

at one side, subdecurrent, finally yellow at insertion; alar cells
subquadrate (larger than in Hypnum cupressiforme) often hyaline,
disposed on a short-triangular space, the others linear. Capsule
subcylindric us. nearly straight; lid rostrate or rostellate; pedi-
cel somewhat long. Tufts radiculose at least below, us. green
sometimes golden glossy. Stem irregularly divided; branches
sometimes compressed; paraphyllia numerous. Monoecious. —
Logs and stones in woods. Hur. r. Switzerl.! France: Philibert.
Germany: Schimper. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Wag-
horne. U. S.: Sullivant and Schrader, com. C. Mueller.

2.H.flaccum C. M. et Kindb. — Hypnum cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves narrower, ovate-lanceolate; alar
cells larger. Stem subpinnate; branches cuspidate often com-
pressed. Dioecious. Capsules unknown. — Rocks and logs r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.

B. Leaves large, strongly serrate at acumen.

3.H.nmemorosum Koch. — Hypnum Koch.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, recurved below, crowded and not
decurrent, yellow at insertion; apical cells lanceolate, alar large
subquadrate hyaline or orange on a nearly round space; other
cells linear. Stem-leaves nearly entire below the subulate acu-
men. Branch-leaves denticulate above middle, with sublinear
somewhat broad half-twisted point. Capsule large suboblong
or arcuate; lid acute; pedicel long. Tufts pale green, sparingly
radiculose. Stem pinnate; branches cuspidate not compressed.
Monoecious. Habit of Calliergon cuspidatum. -— Trees and logs
in woods r. Eur. Germany: Milde. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesquereux.

C. Leaves small, minutely denticulate at acumen.

4.H.pseudo-nemorosum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves ovate-oblong denticulate at the subulate acumen, not
distinctly recurved, decurrent, not yellow at insertion; alar cells
small few dusky on a short-triangular space; apical cells lan-
ceolate, the inner linear-lanceolate. Tufts glossy velvet-like.
Stem subpinnate; branches faintly compressed; paraphyllia broad
not numerous. Capsules unknown. Habit of Pylaisiella velutina,
— Amer. ry. Can. N. Brunswick: Moser, com. Macoun.

5.H.subadnatum C. M. et Kindb. — Raphidostegium cat.
Can. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute, denticulate above
middle, recurved below, not decurrent; alar and lower marginal
cells quadrate, the others suboblong as in Amblystegium. Peri-

— 124 —

chetial leaves serrate longer acuminate. Capsule cylindric ar-
cuate strangulate; lid large rostellate; peristome not seen; pedicel
flexuous deflexed arcuate. Tufts dense green. Stem creeping
not pinnate; branches subjulaceous often incurved at the tops;
paraphyllia broad. Probably monoecious. — Trees r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Dearness, com. Macoun.
61. Myurium Schimper.

1.M.Bosecii Schwegrichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Sulliv. icon. m.;
Myurium Kindb.

Leaves large very concave not decurrent, from ovate-cordate
not recurved base abruptly narrowed to a subulate often twisted
point, striate, denticulate all around; alar cells few suboval or
irregular, lower basal often brownish, the others sublinear; costa
simple vanishing above middle or short and double. Capsule
large oblong-oval curved; annulus broad; segments nearly split;
cilia 38 not much shorter, not appendiculate; pedicel 2—3 centim.
long. Perichetial leaves abruptly long-subulate. Stem subpin-
nate or irregularly divided; branches robust turgid. Dioecious
r. fruiting. — Earth in woods. Amer. U. 8. >not uncommon»:
Sullivant. Austin, com. Macoun; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller;
Fitzgerald, com. Renauld.

*M.coloradense Austin. -—— Hypnum Aust.; Myurium Kindb,

Cells of branch-leaves often oval-oblong prince. the upper,
sometimes also the angular. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r.
U. S. Arkansas Hot Springs: Ch. Roell, com. J. Roell.
2.M.Hebridarum Schimper.

Differs from MW. Boscit: Leaves narrower, from ovate-oblong
or oblong-linear base more abruptly contracted to the point,
not striate; costa indistinct. Capsules unknown. — Rocks near
sea r. Hur. Scotl.: Fergusson, com. Husnot (Africa, Madeira:
G. Fritze, com. Roell and Kaurin).

62. Hypnum L.; Dillenius; in part.

A. Leaves with simple (sometimes in H. Bambergeri short
and double) costa. Dioecious or (in H. fluviatile and sometimes
in Harpidium) monoecious,

a. Leaves (exc. H. erythrorhizon and H. harpidioides) not
recurved at borders.

1. Alaria. Leaves (princ. the youngest) mamillose above, us.
striate; middle cells often dilated, alar often yellow; costa
thick. Stem us. pinnate; paraphyllia present. Leaves falcate.
II. Cratoneuron. Leaves not mamillose, gen. not striate;
middle cells gen. dilated, alar gen. distinct but r. yellow; costa

— 125 —

gen. thick. Stem us. not pinnate, r. with paraphyllia. Leaves
sometimes not falcate.

I. Harpidium. Leaves gen. not mamillose, in few species
striate; cells gen. narrow exc. the gen. hyaline or sometimes
not distinct alar; costa gen. not thick. Stem us. not radiculose,
sometimes pinnate; paraphyllia wanting. Leaves (in few species)
sometimes not falcate.

aa. Alar leaf-cells not distinct.
1. Riparia. Leaves gen. straight subdistichous; lower basal
cells nearly uniform subquadrate in 2—5 rows. Monoecious
often fruiting. Stem often radiculose. — Growing princ. on
logs in water.
2. Revolventia. Leaves falcate; lower basal cells gen. few,
short and dilated. Sometimes monoecious. Stem not radiculose.
Leaves often reddish. — Growing in swamps.

bb. Alar leaf-cells distinct.

3. Adunca. Leaves not r. straight (prince. in H. fluitans, H.
exannulatum and H. elodes), r. plicate when moist. Us. dioe-
cious, not often fruiting. Stem r. radiculose. Leaves sometimes
(prince. in H. exannulatum) reddish. — Growing in swamps.

4. Uneinata. Leaves us. falcate, gen. plicate. Us. monoecious,
often fruiting. Stem r. radiculose. Leaves greenish. — Growing
on dry stones, base of trees and dry earth, r. in water.

b. Leaves recurved at borders below, subundulate when dry.
lV. Rhytidium. Leaves faintly rough above at both sides,
faleate or nearly straight; alar (angular) cells small very nume-
rous. Stem without rhizoids and paraphyllia.

B. Leaves with short double or indistinct (in H. resupinatum
sometimes simple) costa, falcate or (sometimes in H. cupressi-
forme) straight, sometimes (in subg. Cupressina and Campylo-
phyllum) recurved at borders. Stem sometimes (in Cupressina)
with paraphyllia. Dioecious or monoecious.

V. Pseudo-Hylocomium. Leaves spreading when dry, large
denticulate not circinnate, us. plicate below; special alar cells
not defined. Stem not or irregularly pinnate, not creeping,
Dioecious.

VI. Campylophyllum. Leaves spreading when dry, small
faintly denticulate subcircinnate not plicate; alar cells small
distinct. Stem pinnate creeping. Monoecious.

VII. Drepanium. Leaves not spreading when dry, large nearly
entire not circinnate, sometimes striate or plicate; alar cells

— 126 —

either large or not well-defined. Stem not plumiform, often
irregularly divided. Dioecious or r. monoecious.

VIII. Cupressina. Leaves not spreading when dry, mostly
small (in few species large), not r. denticulate and circinnate,
not (exc. H. plicatile and H. crista castrensis) plicate; alar cells
gen. distinct r. large. Stem often pinnate. Sometimes monoe-
cious.

a. Leaves (at least the elder of stem) yellow (r. red or
brown) at insertion, gen. small, in Imponentiformia somewhat
large.

aa. Leaves recurved nearly to acumen, often circinnate.

1. Plicatilia. Leaves plicate. Stem eradiculose often irre-
gularly divided; paraphyllia none. Capsule long narrow; pedicel
long. Dioecious very r. fruiting.

2. Reptiliformia. Leaves not plicate. Stem us. creeping
and pinnate; paraphyllia r. (in H. canariense) present. Capsule
not long; pedicel shortish. Monoecious us. fruiting.

bb. Leaves not distinctly recurved and not plicate. Dioe-
cious or monoecious.

3. Imponentiformia. Leaves somewhat large often circinnate.
Stem pinnate us. with paraphyllia. Habit of H. cupressiforme.
4. Callichroidea. Leaves small circinnate. Stem often plu-
miform r. with paraphyllia.

5. Raphidostegioidea. Leaves small not circinnate. Stem
not regularly pinnate; paraphyllia none.

b. Leaves pale at insertion, often (princ. in Cupressiformin) large.
aa. Leaves circinnate. Paraphyllia sometimes numerous.
6. Molluseoidea. Leaves not recurved sometimes large. Stem

us. plumiform gen. not or sparingly radiculose. Dioecious.
7. Hamulosa. Leaves small sometimes recurved. Stem not
plumiform, us. creeping; paraphyllia us. broad. Us. monoecious.

bb. Leaves not circinnate. Stem not plumiform; paraphyllia
few or wanting.
8. Cupressiformia. Leaves short-acuminate often large, some-
times recurved. Stem sometimes pinnate. Dioecious.
9. Amblystegioidea. Leaves small long-acuminate not recur-
ved. Stem irregularly divided or subpinnate. Monoecious.

J. Alaria C. Mueller mscr.

A. Leaves distant decurrent, more denticulate at base; alar
cells large.
1.H.commutatum Hedwig.

Leaves from broad-ovate base long-acuminate, gen. striate,

— 127 —

faintly mamillose above; upper cells narrow, the lower dilated,
the alar yellow; costa vanishing in acumen. Capsule large sub-
cylindric arcuate; lid rostellate-apiculate; pedicel very long.
Perichetial leaves plicate. Tufts loose. Stem pinnate very
tomentose; branches distant; paraphyllia numerous. — Wet cal-
careous places. Hur. common below alp. regions. Sweden,
Norway, France, Switzerl.| Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et. Jam.
* H.suleatum Schimper.

Stem less regularly pinnate; branches less distant. Leaves
smaller, short-decurrent; their costa shorter. Capsule smaller.
— Alpine, often not calcareous, stations. Eur. somewhat r.
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. »Greenl.»: Berggren. N. FoundL:
Waghorne.
2.H.decipiens Notaris. — Thuidium Not.; Hypnum Kindb.

Differs from H. commutatum: Leaves gen. mamillose on both
sides, with broader base and shorter acumen, less striate; alar
cells gen. hyaline; cells shorter, those of branch-leaves oval-
oblong; costa shorter, faint above. Perichetial leaves shorter,
faintly striate. Stem often sparingly tomentose; branches often
simple above. Very yr. fruiting. — Rivulets, prince. in alps,
also in not calcareous districts, gen. r. Hur. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves crowded, not decurrent, nearly entire; alar cells
not large.
3.H.faleatum Bridel.

Leaves from ovate-oblong base long-acuminate, often striate,
indistinctly mamilloge, cells sublinear; costa us. vanishing in
acumen. Perichetial leaves plicate. Capsule less large than in
H. commutatum; lid with shorter point. Tufts brown or dark
green, often dense. Stem us. irregularly pinnate and sparingly
tomentose; branches approached. — Swamps and rivulets prince.
in not calcareous alp. stations. Hur. common in alps. Sweden,
Norway, France, Switzerland! dimer. Can. not r.: Macoun.
*H.irrigatum Zetterstedt. — H. virescens Boulay.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate faintly striate; alar cells us. not well-
defined; costa of stem-leaves gen. percurrent. Tufts dirty greeen.
Stem often pinnate, sometimes naked below; paraphyllia few.
Very r. fruiting. — Rivulets r. Hur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!

II. Cratoneuron Sullivant, in part.
1.H.filicinnm L. — Amblystegium Notaris.

Leaves minutely denticulate all around; alar cells large us.
hyaline; costa not thin in the acumen, sometimes excurrent.

— 128 —

Stem-leaves subovate acuminate decurrent. Branch-leaves narro-
wer, gen. more crowded; cells suboblong. Perichetial leaves
gen. not striate. Capsule subcvlindric arcuate, smaller and
shorter-pedicellate than in H. commutatum. Tufts us. dense and
dirty green. Stem often creeping; branches us. crowded; para-
phyllia often present. Dioecious. — Wet places, common. Eur.
Sweden, Norway, Germany, Switzerl.! Eur, Can. Macoun.
*H.curvicaule Juratzka.

Leaves gen. not falcate; alar cells yellow; stem-leaves short-

acuminate. Stem nearly eradiculose. — Alps r. Eur, Norway:
Bryhn; E. Nyman. Austria: Breidler. Switzerl.: Culmann.
* H.Vallis-clause Bridel — Hypnum Formianum Schimper.

Leaves long-acuminate; cells less dilated; costa excurrent.
Stem long, often denudate below and covered by persistent

nerves. — Running water r. Eur. »France»>: Boulay. »Italy>:
Schimp. svn.
* H.fallax Bridel. — Amblystegium irriguum var. spinifolium
Schimper.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate nearly entire;
costa excurrent. Stem as in the last. — Running water r.

Eur. Sweden! Engl.: Rogers. Germany: Roemer.
5.H.fluviatile Swartz. — Amblystegium Br. eur.

Leaves gen. entire, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute or
short-acuminate, not or indistinctly decurrent, us. not falcate
and not distant, dark green; cells lanceolate-oblong, the small
alar gen. not much distinct; costa subpercurrent. Capsule as
in the last. Stems not or sparingly radiculose, gen. irregularly
_ divided and not tufted; branches long; paraphyllia none. Very

r. fruiting. — Inundated rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden, Germany!
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.S. r.: Austin.
*H.irriguum Hooker et Wilson. — Amblystegium Br. eur.

Leaves sinuolate-denticulate, from subovate base long-acumi-
nate, subdecurrent, somewhat distant and patent; alar cells
distinct; costa subexcurrent. Stem us. rigid when dry. —
Eur. not common. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Austin.

Ill. Harpidium Sullivant.
1. Riparia.
6.H.riparium L. — Amblystegium Br. eur.

Leaves ovate-lunceolate gradually acuminate sometimes filiform-
pointed, entire, scarcely decurrent, us. distant and large; middle
cells, also often the upper, narrowly linear; costa r. percurrent.

— 129 —

Capsule large arcuate; annulus broad; lid subobtuse; pedicel
long. Tufts us. green. — Gen. common, r. in alp. regions.
Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.| Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
* H.longinerve Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves mostly curved; costa gen, long-excurrent. Tufts some-
times brown. — Rare. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

*H.Kochii Br. evr. — H. curvipes Guembel; Amblystegium
Schimp. syn.

Leaves oval-oblong gen. straight; middle cells lanceolate. —
Rare. Eur. France: Berthoumieu. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
7.H.vacillans Sullivant. — Amblystegium Sull. icon. m.; Hyp-
num Lesq. et Jam.

Differs from H. riparium: Leaves not large, those of branches
often obtusate with oblong apical cells, the perichetial with
excurrent costa. Capsule small more strangulate; lid obtuse;
pedicel thin and short. — R. Eur. France, Calvados: Brébisson
(Husnot M. Gall. n. 398), Amer, Can. Owen Sound: Macoun.
U. 8.: Roell; N. Jersey: com. Macoun.

2. Revolventia.
8.H.revolvens Swartz.

Leaves circinnate, from short subovate base narrowed to the
longer acumen, not striate, entire and not decurrent, us. reddish;
cells linear exc. the wider (lower) basal; costa gen. vanishing
below acumen. Capsule large arcuate; annulus broad; lid api-
culate; pedicel gen. long. Stem irregularly pinnate. Monoecious
not r. fruiting. — Alpine prince. northern districts. Hur. Nor-
way (common)! Sweden: Lindberg; M. Huss. England: Holt.
France: Husnot. Amer. y. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.:
Berggren; Vanhoeffen. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
9.H.Cossoni Schimper. — H. intermedium Lindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves not circinnate, their acumen
not longer than the us. subovate base. Tufts green or brown-
yellow. Dioecious r. fruiting. — Hur. prince. in northern districts.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* H.vernicosum Lindberg.

Leaves shorter and broader, short-acuminate, striate when
dry; costa often short. Stem us. pinnate. Tufts us. yellowish.
— Kur. Sweden!; Lindberg. Norway! Amer. r. Can,: Macoun.
*H.rigidum Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr. (as var.)

Leaves larger with narrowly ovate-oblong base, brown-green.
Stem somewhat rigid when dry. Capsules not found. -— Alp.
region r. Hur. Norway!

— 130 —

3. Adunca.

A. Tufts densely cohering. Leaves not decurrent; alar cells
small or indistinct. Dioecious r. fruiting.

a. Angular leaf-cells finally red, the alar often distinct;
costa often short and double.
10.H.Bambergeri Schimper. — H. brevifolium Lindb.; H.
flexuosum Berggren.

Leaves falcate, from ovate or broad-ovate base tapering to a
longer or shorter acumen, entire and crowded; upper cells linear.
Capsule arcuate not large; lid apiculate: pedicel not long. Tufts
either green, sometimes glossy, or brown-green or brown-red.
— Swamps and wet rocks in alps r. Eur. Norway!; E. Adlerz
(fruiting). Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren. »Can.»>: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Alar leaf-cells nearly indistinct, not red; costa simple.
11.H.elodes Spruce. — Amblystegium Schimper.

Leaves small us. straight, more or less distant; cells linear;
costa vanishing in acumen, not thick. Stem-leaves from short
broad base short-cuspidate or filiform-pointed, faintly denticulate
below. Branch-leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-cuspidate,
faintly denticulate nearly all around, sometimes falcate. Cap-
sule small oblong-cylindric curved; pedicel short. Tufts blackish
or dark green, sparingly radiculose. — Hur. gen. r. Sweden,
Norway!

*H.densum Milde. -— Brachythecium Juratzka.
Leayes smaller, more distinctly denticulate; cells often suboblong;

costa subexcurrent. Capsules not seen. — Hur. ry. Austria:
Juratzka, and Germany: Arnold (herb. Hartman), com. Acad.
Upsal.

12. H.subseeundum Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Leaves not large, nearly crowded, entire; cells linear, the
lower basal yellow; costa vanishing below acumen. Stem-leaves
from broad-ovate base short-acuminate; costa very thick. Branch-
leaves from subovate base (more or less gradually) Jong-subu-
late, subsecund when dry; costa thinner. Capsule arcuate;
pedicel short; teeth brownish. Stem creeping. — Amer. r. Can.:
White, com. Macoun; N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

B. Tufts loose eradiculose. Leaves not or shortly decurrent,
gen. falcate; alar cells small, other cells linear. Capsule annu-
late. Dioecious r. fruiting.

a. Leaves plicate when dry, not decurrent. Stem irregularly
divided.
13.H.lycopodioides Schweegrichen.

— 1381 —

Leaves entire large crowded shining; costa reaching to the
acumen, often brown. Stem-leaves from subovate or ovate-
oblong base tapering to a shorter, subulate filiform-pointed
acumen. Branch-leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate longer-acuminate.
Capsule large arcuate; teeth pale; pedicel 3—5 c. m. long.
Tufts yellowish or brown. — Gen. r. Eur. Sweden! England:
Holt. France: Husnot. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren. »U. S.»:
Lq. et Jam.

b. Leaves short-decurreut not plicate. Stem us. subpinnate.
14.H.aduncum L.; Hedwig; Schimper.

Leaves crowded not large, from subovate base tapering to a
longer sometimes denticulate acumen, r. ovate-lanceolate. Cap-
sule small; pedicel not long. Tufts green or yellowish. — Hur.
probably not r. Norway fruiting! Germany: Schimper (com.
as »the typical H. aduncum»). Amer. ry. U. S. Roell. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.
15.H.Wilsoni Schimper.

Leaves distant large, from ovate lanceolate base tapering to
a shorter gen. entire acumen. Capsule large slightly curved;
pedicel very long. Tufts dusky green. — R. Eur. Eng]. South-
port near sea, fruiting: G. A. Holt; T. Rogers. Sweden, isl.
Gothland: Zetterstedt, com. E. Haglund. Amer. U. 8.: Roell.

C. Tufts loose eradiculose. Leaves long-decurrent not striate,
often not falcate; alar cells large.

a. Capsule large not (exc. H. capillifolium) annulate; pedicel
very long. Leaves gen. long and narrow; cells linear exc. the
alar; costa us. long. Sometimes monoecious, less r. fruiting.
16.H.fluitans L.

Leaves from narrowly ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate base
tapering to a gen. longer acumen, us. entire and green. —
Eur. common below alps, r. in alp. regions. Sweden, Norway!
Amer, Can.: Macoun, Greenl: Berggren.
17.H.eapillifolium Warnstorf.

Differs from the last: Costa of leaves gen. long-excurrent.
»Capsule annulate»: Renauld. — Eur. yr. Norway! Germany:
Warnstorf.
18.H.exannulatum Guembel.

Leaves from ovate-lanceolate base tapering to a gen. shorter
acumen, us. denticulate below and reddish or brown, r. green,
often very distant. — Hur. common in northern districts, princ.
in alp. regions, r. in southern districts. Sweden, Norway! Amer.
Can. riot r.: Macoun; Waghorne. Greenl.: Berggren,

— 1382 —

* H.pseudo-stramineum C. Mueller.

Leaves green entire often straight; those of branches often
with oblong apical cells. Capsules not seen. — R. Hur. Swe-
den: E, Adlerz. Germany: Milde. Amer. Can.: Waghorne.

b. Capsule annulate not large; pedicel often short. Leaves
often short and broad; cells often dilated; costa mostly short.
Dioecious r. fruiting. Tufts not reddish.

19.H.Kneiffii Schimper.

Leaves entire (or minutely denticulate above), from subovate
or broad-ovate base tapering to a gen. longer but broad and
short-subulate acumen, us. small and distant; cells often dila-
ted; costa us. short, sometimes bifid. Capsule more or less
arcuate; pedicel 2—5 c. m. long. Tufts green. — Eur. not r.
Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

*H.Sendtneri Schimper, in part; Boulay.

Leaves larger less distant, us. brown-green; cells gen. narrow,
the alar often yellowish. — Eur. Sweden!; C. O. Hamnstrcem
(determ. Lindberg); E. Adlerz. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

20.H.conflatum C. M. et Kindb. cat Can. m. 2

Leaves small distant denticulate all around; those of stem
from round-ovate base tapering to a shorter subobtuse acumen;
branch-leaves oblong-lanceolate; cells gen. dilated; costa gen.
vanishing in acumen, sometimes indistinct. Capsule smaller
than in the last, strangulate; lid low apiculate; pedicel very
long and capillary. Tufts green. — Amer. r. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. Can. Macoun, Canad m. n. 334; Waghorne.
21.H.-hamifolium Schimper.

Leeves large crowded entire, from ovate-oblong base tapering
to a longer narrow-subulate acumen; cells linear; costa long.
Tufts yellowish. Branches robust, rigid when dry. Capsules
unknown. — Eur. yr. Germany near Breslau: Schulze, com.
Warnstorf. Amer, »U. 8.o: Renauld.

4, Uncinata.

A. Leaves not recurved, entire at least below.
22.H.uncinatum Hedwig. — H. aduncum Lindb.

Leaves short-decurrent from narrowly ovate base tapering to
an often filiform-pointed acumen, us. striate; alar cells large,
the others linear; costa us. Jong. Capsule cylindric arcuate or
nearly straight, strangulate; lid apiculate; pedicel us. 3—4 c. m.
long. Tufts us. green and eradiculose. Stem often pinnate.
Monoecious us. fruiting. — Gen. common. Hur. Sweden, Nor-

— 13838 —

way, Germany, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
Greenl.: Berggren. U. 8.: Howell, com. Cardot.
* H.Moseri Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Stem creeping. Leaves small gen. not striate; costa thin
often obsolete. Capsule small; pedicel us, short. -- Amer. Can.:
(N. Brunsw., Labrador and N. Foundl., frequent): Moser; Wag-
horne. Hur. Sweden: E. Nyman.
23.H.orthothecioides Lindberg.

Differs from H. uneinatum: Leaves not decurrent, gen. with
broader base, often straight; alar cells gen. small. Dioecious.
Tufts us. yellowish. Capsules and female flowers unknown.
— Earth and rocks in northern districts. Hur. not r. in arctic
districts. Spetsbergen: Berggren. Sweden: Arnell. Finland:
Brotherus. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: Waghorne.

B. Leaves recurved, denticulate nearly all around (at least
those of branches). Dioecious.
24.H.erythrorhizon Schimper. — Brachythecium Sch.; Hyp-
num Hartman. ;

Leaves faintly striate crowded decurrent not large, often cor-
-rugate when dry; alar cells hyaline somewhat large, the others
lanceolate oblong; costa reaching to acumen, Stem-leaves nearly
entire from ovate or ovate-oblong base abruptly long-acuminate,
faintly but broadly recurved nearly to acumen. Branch-leaves
broadly ovate-lanceolate faintly denticulate nearly all around.
Capsule not large suboblong or arcuate; lid acute; pedicel short
smooth. Stem subpinnate creeping. Tufts not glossy pale
green or green. --- Granite rocks in woods in northern districts r.
Eur. Sweden: Aongstrocem; Arnel]; J. Persson. Amer. »U. S.»
Cardot
*H.Thedenii (Hartman ag var.) Br. eur. — Brachythecium
Br. eur; Hypnum (Hartman) Kindb.

Leaves subplicate less crowded. Stem longer, more regularly
pinnate. Capsule oval. — Rocks r. Eur. Sweden: K. F. The-
denius, com. R. Hartman. Amer. »U. S.»: James.
25.H.harpidioides C. M. et Kindb. — Brachythecium Cat.
Can. m.

Differs from H. erythrorhizon: Leaves plicate distinctly den-
ticulate all around and more distinctly falcate, from ovate base
subulate-acuminate recurved to acumen; alar cells large green,
the others lanceolate. Capsule round-oval; pedicel slightly rough
above. Stem not creeping. —— Logs in woods r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Moser.

— 134 —

IV. Rhytidium Sullivant.
26.H.rugosum Ebrhart.

Leaves large denticulate nearly all around from subovate
base gen. long-subulate; costa vanishing near or above middle.
Capsule subcylindric arcuate; teeth ferruginous; lid acute or
rostellate; pedicel not long. Tufts loose, brown below, golden
glossy or greenish above. Branches subjulaceous very thick.
Dioecious r. fruiting. — Dry earth and rocks. Eur. common
in alps, r. in lower districts. Norway fruit., Switzerl.! Ger-
many fruit.: Schimper. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

V. Pseudo-Hylocomium Kindb.

A. Angular leaf-cells large numerous hexagonal-oval.
27.H.squarrosum L. — Hylocomium Br. eur.

Leaves minutely denticulate all around from ovate base long-
acuminate; angular cells sometimes brown. Perichetial leaves
pale yellow gradually acuminate filiform-pointed, serrate above
middle of the basal part. Capsule broad-oval or obovate or
curved us. not large; teeth brown-yellow; cilia often appendi-
culate; lid acute; pedicel very long. Stem eradiculose r. pin-
nate. Tufts us. dirty greenish. — Humid meadows. Eur. gen.
common below alp. regions. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. not
common. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun. U. 8:
Roell (forma subpinnata).

B. Angular leaf-cells suboblong small not well-defined.
28.H.Joreum L. -- Hylocomium Br. eur.

Leaves from ovate base long-acuminate. Stem-leaves entire
below middle; branch-leaves denticulate nearly all around.
Perichetial leaves hyaline, slightly denticulate above. Capsule
large oval or subglobose; teeth brown; cilia not appendiculate;
pedicel long. Stem often very long and decumbent; branches
radiculose. — Earth and rocks princ. near sea or larger lakes
not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Germany! Amer. Alaska; J. M.
Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Dawson.
29.H.robustum Hooker. — Hylocomium Flemmingii Austin.

Leaves ovate short acuminate denticulate, rugose when dry,
larger than in the both last and less curved; the younger
narrower, the elder often covered by hair-like rhizoids. Capsule
large subobovate oblique or slightly curved; teeth yellow or
finally ferruginous; lid conic obtuse; pedicel shortish. Stem
suberect; branches few distant very thick us. green. Habit of
Hypnum rugosum but larger. — Earth in woods r. Amer.
western slope. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

— 1385 —

VI. Campylophyllum Schimper.
30.H.Halleri L. fil. — H. Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club
XVII.

Leaves faintly denticulate nearly all around, from suboval
suberect recurved base acuminate; alar cells not numerous, the
others oblong-lanceolate or sublinear. Branch-leaves more distinctly
denticulate. Capsule small narrow cylindric more or less curved,
faintly constricted; lid obtuse; pedicel not long. Tufts dense
often brown. — Rocks prince. calcareous. Ew. nearly common
in dolomitic alps. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun; Drummond. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

VII. Drepanium Schimper, in part.

A. Leaves finally yellow at insertion.

a. Leaves decurrent falcate not undulate.
31.H.curvifolium Hedwig; Sullivant icon. musc.

Leaves nearly entire, faintly striate; alar and lowest basal
cells nearly uniform more or less dilated but not large, the
others linear. Stem-leaves subovate short-acuminate; branch-
leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute. Capsule
large subobovate or arcuate, strongly striate and not strangu-
late when dry; teeth yellow; cilia not appendiculate; pedicel
thick, 5—6 c. m, long. Stem gen. pinnate, not or very spa-
ringly radiculose; branches straight faintly compressed. Tufts
green. Pseudo-monoecious not r. fruiting. — On decayed logs
in shady woods. Amer. common. Can.: Macoun; Moser. U.
S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Fitzgerald, com. Renauld.
32.H.pseudo-drepanium C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves entire plicate less distinctly
decurrent, shorter acuminate; alar cells large. Stem irregularly
divided; branches long turgid arcuate at apex. Capsule as in
the last. -— Logs in woods r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
33.H.Renauldi Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from H. curvifolium: Leaves gen. entire; alar cells
large. Stem not pinnate; branches more compressed or com-
planate. Capsule faintly striate. Habit of H. pratense. — On
rocks or sand r. Hur. Norway in Dovrefjeld and Gudbrands-
dal etc.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves not or slightly decurrent, often undulate and
straight; lowest basal cells suboval nearly similar.
34.H.pratense Koch.

Leaves gen. entire and not striate, often straight, less crowded
than in H. curvifolium, undulate when dry; cells linear except

— 136 —

the lowest basal. Stem-leaves subovate with often subulate
acumen; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate. Capsule small strangu-
late not striate; pedicel thin 8—5 c. m. long. Stem flaccid
not pinnate and not creeping; branches complanate often long
and simple, sometimes loosed from the stem. Tufts often
whitish green. Habit of Plagiothecium undulatum. Dioecious or
pseudo-monoecious, very r. fruiting. —- Swamps and wet mea-
dows r. Eur, Sweden and Norway!; E. Nyman (fruiting), Ger-
many: Schimper (fruit.). Amer. Can,: Macoun; Drummond n.
196; Moser.

* H.subflaccum. C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves striate gen. ovate-oblong, denticulate above to ‘/,,
straight; those of stem short-decurrent; alar cells more distinct.
Tufts green. Capsules unknown. — Swamps r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
35.H.pseudo-pratense Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Differs from H. pratense: Leaves not undulate, more crowded
and more distinctly denticulate above. Stem creeping; branches
short; tufts very dense and green. Monoecious. Capsules un-
known. — Logs in woods r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves pale not vellow at insertion, decurrent and not
undulate. Branches not compressed.
36.H.Lindbergii Mitten. — H. arcuatum Lindb., non Sulliv.

Leaves as in H. curvifolium but gen. entire; alar cells large
hyaline. Capsule large curved strongly plicate not strangulate;
teeth yellow; cilia long-appendiculate; pedicel thick 5—6 c. m.
long. Stem irregularly divided eradiculose. Tufts us. dirty
green. Dioecious very r. fruiting. — On clayey earth. Eur.
not r., nearly common in northern districts. Sweden!; 8. O.
Lindberg; E. Collinder (fruiting). Norway!; E. Nyman (fruit.).
Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. Can: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne.
37.H.areuatiforme Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, ovate-oblong. Capsule
small strangulate not striate; teeth pale yellow; pedicel 3c. m.
long. Stem subpinnate creeping. Agrees with the last in ap-
pendiculate cilia of endostome. Habit of H. cupressiforme. —
On earth in woods r. Amer, Can.: Macoun.

VIII. Cupressina C. Mueller, in part.
1. Plicatilia.
38.H.plicatile Mitten. — Stereodon Mitt.; Hypnum Lesq. et
Jam.
Leaves not decurrent; upper cells lanceolate, alar small finally

— 137 ~

hyaline, the others oblong. Stem-leaves suboval short-acumi-
nate entire. Branch-leaves from oval-oblong base tapering to
an often longer and serrulate, sometimes circinnate acumen.
Capsule cylindric-oblong more or less curved, finally striate,
somewhat large; lid acute. Tufts brown-green. Branches subju-
laceous. R. fruiting. -—- Rocks in alp. region r. Eur. Norway
less r.! Austria: Milde. France: Boulay. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllen-
creutz. Amer. Can. fruiting: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.
*H.revolutum Mitten: — Stereodon Mitt.; Hypnum Lindberg;
H. Heufleri Juratzka, in part.

Leaves not circinnate, those of branches shorter-acuminate
often entire. Capsules not seen. — Hur. Norway!

2. Reptiliformia.

A. Stem pinnate creeping; paraphyllia wanting or very few.
Branch-leaves denticulate; inner basal cells yellow.

a. Stem-leaves entire at least below. Capsules and leaves
somewhat large. Tufts green.
39.H.reptile Michaux; Schimper. — Leskea pallescevs Hedwig;
Hypnum Beauvois; C. Mueller.

Stem-leaves entire or ovate-oblong short-acuminate or filiform-
pointed; branch-leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
entire above and at acumen, often circinnate; alar cells small
distinct finally brown-orange, impressed at angles on a short-
triangular space; the others sublinear. Capsule pale red; teeth
pale yellow; segments subhyaline; lid short-pointed; pedicel not
long. — Trees and stumps not r. Hur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Ger-
many: Milde. Austria: Progel. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser;
Waghorne.
40.H.reptiliforme Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger, long-acuminate; those of
stem ovate-oblong denticulate above, those of branches ovate-
lanceolate denticulate all around; alar cells large hyaline. Cap-
sule pale yellow; segments yellow; lid not seen; pedicel longer.
— Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves denticulate all around.

aa. Branches subjulaceous us. brown. Leaves short; cells
somewhat wide.
41.H.perichetiale Br. eur.

Leaves subovate acute or sometimes short-acuminate; alar
cells small dusky on a narrow-triangular space, the others lan-
ceolate-oblong. Capsule finally brown; pedicel short. — Rocks
r. Hur. Norway: Kaurin. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

10

— 138 —

bb. Branches green not julaceous. Branch-leaves long often
circinnate; cells narrow.
42.H.pseudo-fastigiatum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Stem-leaves broad-ovate abruptly narrowed to a long filiform
point, decurrent; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate; alar cells small
distinct finally brownish. Capsule pale red; lid rostellate; pe-
dicel short. — Trees r. Hur. Norway near Lillehammer! Sweden:
H. Nordenstreem. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
43.H.micro-reptile Kindb. revue bryol. 1895. — H. reptile
C. M. syn. not Michaux; H. pallescens Schimp. syn., not
Beauvois, also not Leskea pallescens Hedwig.

Leaves and capsules smaller than in the 4 last species.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate circinnate with long subulate acumen;
alar cells small few hyaline. Capsule finally brown; lid and
pedicel as in the last. — Rocks and trees. Hur, r. Germany:
Milde. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Fowler; Waghorne.
U. S.: Green, com. Cardot.

B. Stem irregularly divided sparingly radiculose; paraphyllia
filiform numerous. Branch-leaves gen. entire below acumen;
lower basal cells often pale finally orange.
44.H.canariense Mitten. — Stereodon Mitt.; Hypnum Kindb.;
H. Waghornei Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves long-acuminate ovate-lanceolate circinnate; alar cells
small dusky numerous, the others narrow. Capsules not seen;
pedicel not long. — Trees and humid rocks r. Eur. Irel. near
Killarney: Lindberg, com. Braithwaite. Amer. N. Foundl.: Wag-
horne.

3. Imponentiformia.

A. Tufts nearly eradiculose us. brown. Leaves dark-brown
at insertion, long-acuminate; alar cells not large. Capsule narrow;
lid long-conic rostellate. R. fruiting.
45.H.imponens Hedwig.

Leaves us. not recurved; alar cells on a short-triangular space,
the others linear. Stem-leaves entire from ovate base abruptly
narrowed; branch-leaves denticulate at acumen. Capsule cylindric
often nearly straight; teeth yellow; cilia appendiculate. Para-
phyllia broad. Stem brown. Dioecious. Differs from H. cu-
pressiforme in often circinnate leaves and their brown cells at
insertion. -- Rocks and logs in woods. Eur. r. Sweden less r.,
Germany, Switzerl.! Engl.: Holt. Amer. (»common»: Lesq. et
Jam.). Can.: Macoun.

B. Stem us. creeping. Tufts us. green. Capsule thick; lid

—- 1389 —

short-conic not rostellate. Leaves often short-acuminate; alar
cells large, basal not brown. Often fruiting. Leaves larger
than in the last.

46.H.fertile Sendtner.

Stem brown or brown-red; paraphyllia narrow. Leaves re-
curved below; alar cells somewhat numerous finally hyaline on
a short triangular space, inner lower basal gen. pale yellow.
All leaves entire or denticulate only above, from ovate base
nearly gradually narrowed; those of branches filiform-pointed.
Capsule suboblong arcuate not striate; teeth yellow above, brown
below; cilia not appendiculate; lid short-pointed. Monoecious.
— Earth and logs in woods r. Eur. Germany (Wuerttemberg)!;
Milde. Switzerl.: Roell. Norway: E. Nyman 1898. Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.
47.H.canadense Kindb. in bull. Torr. club XVII.

Stem gen. green; paraphyllia sometimes broad. Leaves gen.
not recurved; alar cells very few (one or two) hyaline impressed
below the arrounded basal angles, inner basal (at insertion)
finally dark-yellow. Stem-leaves entire or at acumen indistinctly
sinuolate, from ovate-oblong base gradually narrowed to a short
acumen, sometimes striate. Branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate den-
ticulate nearly all around. Capsule subovate or arcuate finally
striate; teeth orange; cilia us. appendiculate; lid muticous.
Dioecious. — Logs. Amer. not r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.:
J. Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. U. S.: Prof. A. G. Wetherby.

4. Callichroidea.

A. Leaves denticulate. Stem creeping; paraphyllia numerous.
Monoecious.
48.H.circinnale Hooker.

Leaves marked with orange stripes, red at insertion; lowest
basal cells suboval, alar red subquadrate somewhat large on a
nearly round space, the others linear. Stem-leaves nearly entire
from ovate-oblong base tapering to a shorter acumen; branch-
leaves ovate-lanceolate serrulate above, nearly entire near base.
Capsule suboval or subobovate; teeth orange; segments pale yellow;
lid apiculate; pedicel often longish. Stem red; branches plu-
miform. Tufts yellowish or green. Habit of H. molluscum.
— Logs r, Amer. Pacif. distr. less r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Hen-
derson, com. Cardot. Hur. »Irel.»: Cardot in revue bryol.
49.H.Sequoieti C. Mueller.

Leaves narrow ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate often denticulate
below and serrulate above, yellow at insertion; alar cells few

— 140 —

round-oval not well-defined, the others linear. Capsule oval-
oblong; teeth pale yellow; segments hyaline; lid apiculate; pedicel
short. Tufts green. Habit of H. cupressiforme (but with small
leaves). Differs from 4H. circinnale in brown or green longer
us. irregularly pinnate stem, not horizontally patent branches
and not striped leaves. — Trees r, Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.

B. Leaves entire or (sometimes in H. Dieckii) at acumen
slightly denticulate; alar cells hyaline somewhat large. Stem
not creeping; paraphyllia none. Dioecious r. fruiting. Capsule
large.
50.H.callichroum Bridel.

Leaves long-acuminate subdecurrent faintly striate above;
alar cells on a short-triangular space, the others linear. Stem-
leaves from broad-ovate base abruptly narrowed; branch-leaves
gradually tapering. Capsule cylindric arcuate; lid short with
very short point; pedicel long. Tufts green or yellowish. Bran-
ches often plumiform. Habit of H. molluscum.— Humid grassy
places prince. in alp region r. Eur. Sweden: E. Adlerz. Nor-
way: R. Hartman. Finl.: Brotherus. Engl: Holt. France:
Husnot. Germany: Boulay. Austria: Juratzka. Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
51.H.Dieckii Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves from subovate base acuminate; cells linear-lanceolate
exc. the alar. Tufts green. Stem irregularly divided. Habit
of Calliergon montanum. — Amer. r. U. S,: Roell, com. Cardot.

5. Raphidostegioidea.

A. Leaves denticulate. Stem radiculose subpinnate; branches
compressed.
52.H.Jamesii Sullivant. — Rhbynchostegium Sull. ic. m.; Hyp-
num Lesquereux et James.

Leaves entire below, denticulate above, subabruptly tapering
to a subulate often filiform-pointed acumen; alar cells few sub-
quadrate not large, the others linear. Stem-leaves with broad-
ovate base; branch-leaves ovate-oblong. Perichetial leaves with
subulate acumen and sometimes with filiform point, denticulate
below it. Capsule suboblong nearly straight; lid rostellate; pe-
dicel short. Tufts green not glossy. Monoecious. Habit of
Raphidostegium recurvans. — Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
53.H.pseudo-recurvans Kindb. — Raphidostegium note on
Can. bryol. 1893.

Differs from the last: Leaves denticulate all around, ovate-

— 141 —

lanceolate long-acuminate gradually tapering to a filiform point.
Perichetial leaves entire below the long linear point. Capsule
obovate. Tufts olivaceous sparingly radiculose. Lid of capsule
and male flowers not. seen. Habit of H. cupressiforme. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col: Macoun.

B. Leaves entire. Stem eradiculose irregularly divided;
branches not compressed. Capsules unknown.
54.H.pseudo-complexum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves not appressed when dry; upper cells lanceolate, lower
oblong, angular (alar) suboval small not well-detined. Stem-
leaves ovate or ovate-oblong. Branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate
longer-acuminate often falcate. Tufts dense pale green. Re-
sembles a var. of H. molluscum in habit. — Arctic district r.
Amer, Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

6. Molluscoidea.

A. Leaf-cells more or less sinuous (with crenulate walls).
Tufts eradiculose.

a. Leaves small entire not plicate. Stem irregularly divided.
55.H.condensatum Schimper; Husnot.

Leaves from ovate base long-subulate, not decurrent; upper
cells linear, the angular yellow irregular oblong-rectangular or
subquadrate. Capsules unknown. ‘Tufts dense pale green. —
Wet places in alp. region r. Hur. Germany: Milde.

b. Leaves us. large, denticulate above, plicate. Stem plu-
miform.
56.H.crista castrensis L.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually long-acuminate decurrent;
alar cells small few nearly indistinct, the others linear. Capsule
large not striate; annulus narrow; lid short-apiculate; pedicel
long. Tufts loose bright green, finally whitish. Stem rigid;
paraphyllia narrow. — Stones in woods princ. coniferous. Eur.
common in northern distr., r. in alp. regions. Sweden, Norway!
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Wetherby.

B. Leaf-cells not sinuous. Leaves not or faintly striate.
Stem us. plumiform.

a. Stem gen. sparingly radiculose; paraphyllia us. broad.
Leaves small.
57.H.molluscum Hedwig.

Leaves denticulate below, serrulate above, not or indistinctly
decurrent; angular cells small numerous hyaline round-oval,
special alar few not well-defined. Stem-leaves from broad-cor-
date base abruptly acuminate. Capsule suboval; annulus broad;

— 142 —

lid acute or apiculate; pedicel short. Tufts us. green. Stem
soft sometimes irregularly divided, not r. eradiculose. — Dry
prince. calcareous rocks and earth. Hur. nearly common. Swe-
den (wanting in not calcareous alps), Switzerl., Spain! Amer.
not common. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

58.H.molluseoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves nearly entire, distinctly decurrent; alar cells somewhat
large well-defined. Capsule small cylindric arcuate. Otherwise
as the last. — On logs r. Amer. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
59.H.Alaske Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1893.

Leaves entire subdecurrent gradually acuminate; alar cells
large hyaline well-defined. Capsule subovate or arcuate; pedicel
short. Tufts green or pale yellow. Stem creeping subpinnate
or plumiform. — On trees r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: Moser; N. Found].: Waghorne.

b. Stem eradiculose without paraphyllia. Leaves gradually
acuminate, often large.
60.H.procerrimum Molendo.

Leaves large entire or near the cordate base indistinctly
sinuolate, not distinctly decurrent; cells as in H. molluscum but
the alar finally brown. Capsules unknown. Tufts green or
brown-green. Stem somewhat rigid. — Rocks in alp. regions
r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld 1862! Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler.
France: Boulay.
61.H.subplumiferum Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895.

Leaves large, ovate at base, serrulate all around and subde-
current; alar cells hyaline well-defined somewhat large. Cap-
sules unknown. Tufts brown-green. — Rocks in alp. region
r. Eur. Switzerl. near Goeschenen: Kindb. and Roell.
62.H.plumiferum Mitten. — H. cristula Kindb. bull. Torr.
club XVII.

Leaves somewhat large, ovate at base, entire at least below
the to an us. long filiform point tapering acumen, sometimes
subdecurrent; alar cells few gen. not well-defined. Capsule
large narrow subcylindric nearly straight; teeth pale yellow
below, hyaline above; lid conic obtuse; pedicel somewhat long.
Perichetial leaves faintly striate, abruptly narrowed to the fili-
form point. Tufts brown-green or green. — Rocks and trees
in oak-woods r. Amer. prince. in Pacif. distr. Can. Vane. isl.:
Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

* H.subimponens Lesq.; Sulliv. icon. muse.
Leaves smaller gen. nearly entire at the subulate acumen,

— 143 —

Capsule more curved; lid acute often apiculate. — Amer. r.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun; N. Brunsw.: Moser. U. S.: Bolender,
herb. Lesquereux, com. C. Mueller and J. Cardot.

7. Hamulosa.

A. Stem-leaves distant. Tufts loose eradiculose.
63.H.filiforme Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Leaves ovate with short subulate or longer and filiform point,
faintly denticulate at acumen; those of stem recurved at one
side; upper cells lanceolate, lower oblong, alar few hyaline.
Tufts green. Stem long pinnate; branches distant; paraphyllia
broad very few. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. — Rocks r.
Amer, Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

B. Leaves crowded. Tufts radiculose us. dense.

a. Leaves neither recurved nor decurrent. Monoecious (exc.
H. fastigiatum *dolomiticum).
64.H.hamulosum Br. eur.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or with broad-ovate base often denti-
culate at acumen; lowest basal and angular cells short not
well-defined, special alar scarcely distinct; other cells linear.
Perichetial leaves ovate-oblong. Capsule small nearly straight
not constricted. Tufts us. yellowish green. Stem us. not
pinnate; paraphyllia broad. -— On earth in swamps or on rocks,
>in Amer. also on trees and logs» (Macoun). Eur. in alp. regions
gen. r. Norway less r.! Sweden: Lindberg. France: Husnot.
Amer. ry. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne.
65.H.fastigiatum Bridel.

Leaves smaller than in the last, ovate-lanceolate nearly gra-
dually narrowed often denticulate at acumen; lowest basal and
angular (alar) cells subquadrate more distinct and more nume-
rous; other cells linear. Perichetial leaves long ovate-lanceolate.
Capsule as in the last. Tufts green. Stem us. pinnate with
narrow paraphyllia. — Rocks princ. calcareous in or below alp.
regions, Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Finl.: Brothe-
rus. France: Husnot. Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne.

*H.dolomiticum Milde.

Leaves narrower, gradually subulate. Branches less crowded;
paraphyllia and rhizoids few. Dioecious. — Dolomitic and
schistose rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria: Milde; Venturi.
66.H.Sauteri Bryol. eur.; Husnot m. gall.

Differs from H. fastigiatum: Leaves smaller and less crowded;
perichetial ovate. Capsule smaller more curved faintly con-

— 144 —

stricted. Tufts looser. — Rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.!
Italy: Molendo. :

b. eaves recurved to the middle at both sides of basal
part or at one side to acumen, subdecurrent. Dioecious.
67.H.dovrense Kindb. mém. soc. de Cherbourg 1884.

Leaves crowded entire long-acuminate; those of stem from
oval base abruptly narrowed; upper cells sublinear, lower oblong,
angular round-oval, special alar hyaline larger. Capsules un-
known. Tufts compact sparingly radiculose, blackish brown
with green branch-tops or brown-green silver-glossy. Stem not
pinnate; paraphyllia broad. — Rocks in higher alp. region r.
Eur, Norwayl; W. Baur.

8. Cupressiformia.

A. Alar leaf-cells very small opake often yellow or brown.
Stem us. radiculose often subpinnate. Leaves often recurved
below.
68.H.cupressiforme L.

Leaves entire or faintly denticulate us. with ovate-oblong
base, often large not r. straight; alar cells somewhat numerous
on a round-quadrate space, the others us. linear; costa short
double or indistinct. Capsule cylindric us. large and curved;
cilia somewhat long not appendiculate; lid rostellate or mamil-
late; pedicel us. not long. Stem brown or green often sub-
pinnate; branches faintly compressed or r. subjulaceous. Very
variable. — Earth, trees and dry rocks. ur. common, r. in
alp. regions. Sweden etc.! Amer. not common. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne.
69.H.resupinatum Wilson.

Leaves small often serrulate above, us. nearly straight, nar-
rower and longer-acuminate than in the last; upper cells lan-
ceolate, alar disposed on a short-triangular space. Branch-leaves
often with simple to middle reaching costa. Capsule cylindric
not large often straight; cilia rudimentary; lid rostrate; pedicel
short. Stem irregularly divided; branches slender. Tufts green
sparingly radiculose. R. fruiting. — Trees prince. Castanea.
Eur. common in Mediterr. distr. somewhat frequent near At-
lantic sea in warmer distr., otherwhere r. Switzerl.! Italy: Ar-
cangeli. France: Le Jolis; Husnot. Engl.: Rogers.

B. Alar or all angular leaf-cells more distinct and pellucid.
Stems eradiculose us. loosely cohering and irregularly divided.
Leaves gen. entire and not recurved.

a. Special alar leaf-cells few somewhat large. Capsule cylindric,

— 145 —

70.H.complexum Miiten.

Leaves from oval-oblong base tapering to a subulate acumen,
somewhat large; inner cells narrow, angular round-oval, alar
quadrate; »upper cells slightly prominent at the upper and»:
Lesq. et Jam.*) — Amer. r. Can. N. Brunsw.: Moser.

b. Angular leaf-cells small. Capsules unknown.
71.H.Vaucheri Lesquereux.

Leaves small; upper cells lanceolate, lower basal suboblong,
angular numerous not hyaline, special alar disposed on a nar-
row-triangular space. Stem-leaves abruptly narrowed from broad-
ovate base; branch-leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate. Tufts
yellowish green. Branches julaceous or subjulaceous. — Rocks
r. Eur. princ. in alp. regions. Norway, Switzerl.! Italy: E.
Adlerz. France: Boulay. Amer. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
72.H.subcomplexum Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger and shorter, abruptly
narrowed from subovate base; angular cells smaller and finally
hyaline without special alar. Tufts green. — Amer. r. Can.
Cypress hills: Macoun.

9. Amblystegioidea.

73.H.ineurvatum Schrader. — Amblystegium Kindb. Laubm.,;
»Amblystegium enerve and Hypnum Blyttii Br. eur.»: Lindb.
Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-subulate or ovate-oblong
with filiform point, nearly entire or at acumen denticulate, often
loosely disposed sometimes nearly straight; alar cells small green
numerous quadrate on a narrow-triangular space. Perichetial
leaves denticulate above with filiform point. Capsule small
arcuate; lid apiculate-rostellate; cilia nodose; annulus narrow;
pedicel short. Tufts bright green silky glossy or brownish,
sparingly radiculose. Habit of Amblystegium subtile. — On rocks
and walls or r. on trees. Hur. not r. below alp. regions. Swe-
den, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. Can.: Moser; Waghorne.
74.H.depressulum C. Mueller. — »H. Vaucheri»: cat. Can.
m. in part.

Leaves from oval-oblong base narrowed to asubulate acumen,
sinuolate at base faintly denticulate above, crowded subdecur-
rent; angular cells round-oval not numerous, special alar qua-
drate hyaline larger. Capsule arcuate somewhat large; lid mu-
ticous; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts brown- green. Stem sub-
pinnate. — Amer, r.U.8.: Lesquereux, com. Renauld. Can.: Macoun.

*) The cells are mamillose as in H. cupressiforme, Hurhynchium etc.

— 146 —

Fam. 14. Fontinalacee.

63. Fontinalis L.

A. Leaves serrulate in upper part of acumen.

1. Serrifoli#. Leaves narrow concave not conduplicate, sub-
distichous, us. distant.

B. Leaves entire or at apex slightly sinuolate.

2. Angustifolie. Leaves narrow us. concave subdistichous.
3. Latifolia. Leaves of stem broad us. conduplicate, some-
times soon deciduous, us. tristichous.

1. Serrifoliz.

A. Leaves narrowly long-acuminate not distinctly decurrent;
alar cells not large. Capsule long cylindric; lid long-conie.
1.F.disticha Hooker et Wilson; Sulliv. ic. musc. t. 63. — F.
microdonta Renauld ?

Leaves ovate-lanceolate not convolute; upper and inner cells

narrow sublinear. — Amer. r. Can. Macoun Canad. musci n.
231 (»F. Lescurii»).
2.F.filiformis Sullivant et Lesquereux. — F. disticha var.

tenuior Sulliv. ic. m. tab. 64.

Leaves convolute above, smaller and narrower than in the
last; cells suboblong or oblong-lanceolate. —- Amer. ry. U. S.:
Langlois, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves broadly acuminate often decurrent; alar cells large.
Capsule oval-oblong.

a. Leaves not Jong-acuminate; apical cells sometimes suboval.
3.F.Lescurii Sulliv. ic. m.t. 61.—- »F. flaccida Ren. et Card.»:C.M.

Leaves decurrent short-acuminate gen. ovate-oblong; cells gen.
linear-lanceolate exc. the alar. Capsule with long-conic lid. —
Amer. yr. U.S.: Brendel, com. C. Mueller; Fitzgerald and Langlois,
com. Cardot. Can.: Macoun.
4.F.Sullivantii Lindberg. — F. Lescurii ramosior Sull. ic. m. t.
62; F. Langloisii Cardot ?

Leaves not distinctly decurrent, narrowly ovate-lanceolate;
cells gen. suboblong or oblong-lanceolate. Capsule with short-
conic lid. — Amer. r. U. S. Austin, com. Macoun.

b. Leaves long-acuminate; apical cells oblong: lanceolate.
5.F.denticulata Kindb. in Hedwigia 1897 p. 61.

Leaves decurrent narrowly ovate-lanceolate, larger and longer
than in the both last; cells gen. sublinear or linear-lanceolate.
Capsules not seen. — Amer. r. U. 8, 8:t Louis: Engelmann,
com. Roell.

— 147 —

2. Angustifolie.

A. Leaves long-distant gen. concave. Us. dioecious.

a. Leaves with broad us. obtuse acumen, decurrent.
6.F.hypnoides R. Hartman. — F. Ravani Hy.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate; alar cells well-defined, the others
lanceolate. Capsule short, oval or subcylindric; teeth red; lid
short-conic. Stem flaccid. Habit of Hypnum riparium. —
Logs and stones in stagnant or not rapidly running water r.
Eur. Sweden!; R. Hartman; Lindberg. France: Hy, com. Le
Jolis. Amer. Can: Macoun. U. S.: Roell, com. Cardot.

*F. longifolia C. Jensen; Cardot monogr. Fontinal.

»Leaves sharply acuminate split when old; middle cells
sublinear. Capsules unknown. — Eur. r. Iceland: Feddersen»:
Limpricht.
7.F.Nove Angliz Sullivant ic. m. — »F. tenella Ren. et Card.»:
C. M.; F. Cardoti Renauld ?

Differs from F. hypnoides: Leaves smaller, slightly sinuolate
at apex; apical cells suboval, alar suboblong not well-defined
but impressed at angles. Capsule oval-oblong; lid long-conic.
— Rivers r. Amer. Can. Brit. Co].: Macoun.

* Finvoluta Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves gen. involute at borders; cells sublinear exc. the more
or less distinct alar. Branches more compressed. — Amer. r.
U. §.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves narrowly long-acuminate acute often subulate, us.
not distinctly decurrent.
8.F.dichelymoides Lindberg.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate; alar cells somewhat well-
defined rot distinctly impressed at angles, the others narrow
sublinear. Capsules unknown. Habit of Hypnum fluitans and
Dichelyma capillaceum. — Lakes yr. Hur, Finl.: Brotherus. Amer,
»U. S.»: Cardot.

* F.microphylla Schimper; Limpricht.

»Leaves decurrent. Capsules unknown. — Lakes r. Eur.
Germany»: Limpricht.

B. Leaves gen. crowded.. Dioecious or (F. baltica) paroecious.

a. Leaves short, channelled in middle.
9.F.maritima C. Mueller.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtuse or short-acuminate
subacute; alar cells somewhat well-defined, the others narrow
sublinear. Branches rigid. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r.
U. 8. Washington in Neah-bay of Pacific sea: Eggers, com. C. M.

— 148 —

b. Leaves long concave; alar cells well-defined.

aa. Leaves somewhat broadly ovate-lanceolate; apical cells
few suboval.
10.F.squamosa L.

Leaves not distinctly decurrent, subacute often with short
point, more or less acuminate; middle cells lanceolate-linear,
inner basal sublanceolate, alar impressed at angles. Capsule
oval-oblong; teeth red; segments united; lid short-conic. Rocks
in running water. — Eur. Germany: Schimper. Belgium:
Gravet. France: Pelvet. Austria: Schmidt. Norway: Nyman.
*F.Delamarei Renauld et Cardot.

Capsule smaller oblong-cylindric; »teeth much shorter»: Cardot.
— Amer, r. U. S. Miquelon: Delamare, com. Cardot.

bb. Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate: alar cells not impres-
sed, the others uniform narrow.
11.F.dalecarlica Schimper.

Leaves decurrent gen. short-acuminate subacute; cells sub-
lanceolate. Capsule oval-oblong; teeth orange-red; segments us.
not wholly united; lid short subconvex obtuse. — Running
water or lakes in northern districts. Hur. Sweden not r.!; O.
Swartz; R. Hartman. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Fowler.

12 F.baltica Klinggreff.

>Differs from the last; Leaves subulate long-acuminate.
Peristomial teeth red; lid conic acute. Paroecious. — Lakes r.
Eur, Germany»: Limpricht.
13.F.seriata Lindberg.

Leaves us. not distinctly decurrent, long-acuminate often
subulate with a short half-twisted point; cells sublinear. Cap-
sules unknown. — Rivers r. Eur. Sweden: Conr. Indebetou,
detector of this species.

3. Latifolie.

A. Leaves of stem distant very concave inflated decurrent,
sometimes conduplicate; cell-walls sinuous.
14.F.Heldreichii C. Mueller.

Stem us. simple; its leaves cymbiform subcircular obtuse
obtusate or short-acuminate; alar cells not well-defined, the
others sublanceolate. Capsules unknown. — Rivulets in alp.
region r. Eur. Greece: Heldreich.

B. Leaves of stem distant, plicate in middle, decurrent us.
conduplicate; cells subfusiform not sinuous at walls. Us. dioecious.

a. Endostome completely cancellate. Stem without special
branchlets,

ee ee

15.F.antipyretica L. — F. Howellii Ren. et Card. ?

Leaves of stem ovate-oblong with gen. obtuse not long acumen;
alar cells brown gen. not well-defined, the others us. sublinear-
fusiform. Branch-leaves us. not much narrower. Perichetial
leaves us. obtuse. Capsule oval or oval-oblong r. round-oval,;
teeth red; lid obtuse subconvex or short-conic. Very variable.
— A var. with broader leaves and wider cells often is mistaken
for F. gigantea Sulliv.; its leaves are often copper reddish. —
Common in running water, r. in marshes and in alp. regions.
Eur. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8: Delamare, com.
Cardot.

* F.gracilis Lindberg.

Leaves more heteromorphous; the vernal of stem soon deci-
duous, those of branches us. as narrow as in F. dalecarlica.
Capsule often round-oval. Hur. probably not r. Sweden! FinlL.:
Lackstrem, com. Brotherus. Austria: Venturi.

* F.arvernica Renauld.

»Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sometimes with 2—65 teeth at apex.
— Lakes r. Hur. France: Renauld»: Cardot 1. c.

* F californica Sullivant.

Leaves often less distinctly conduplicate, gen. broad and nearly
uniform; alar cells more distinct subhyaline. — Stagnant wa-
ter r. Amer. U. S.: Boleender, com. C. Mueller and J. Cardot.
* F._Duriwi Schimper.

Leaves as in last subspecies but slightly denticulate at apex;
apical cells suboval, middle sublanceolate. Hur. x. France:
Espagne, com. Husnot. (Africa: Durieu, com. Husnot.) Amer.
»U. S.»: Cardot.

* Fislandica Cardot.

»Leaves narrower, sharply long-acuminate; areolation irregular.
Eur, Iceland»; Cardot.

* F.sparsifolia Limpricht.

»Leaves lanceolate-linear. Peristomial teeth yellowish red.
Habit of F. antip. *gracilis but more slender. — Eur. Norway:
Bryhn»: Limpricht.

* F.androgyna Ruthe.

»Leaves slightly decurrent; alar cells well-defined. Paroecious.
— Eur. Germany: Ruthe»: Limpricht.

16.F. neomexicana Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m. —
»F, antipyretica var.»: Cardot.

Differs from F’. antipyretica: Leaves less distant and longer-

decurrent, bright green or yellowish glossy; alar cells well-defined.

-— 150 —

Perichetial leaves abruptly narrowed to a longish subulate acu-
men. — Streams r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.; Henderson,
com. Cardot.

17.F.gothiea Cardot et Arnell.

Leaves of stem ovate obtuse sometimes canaliculate or less
conduplicate; apical cells few suboval, alar faintly brown well-
defined impressed at angles. Branch-leaves narrow. Capsules
unknown. — Stagnant water r. Eur. Sweden: O. Nordstedt.

b. Endostome cancellate only near apex. Stem with special
short branchlets; their leaves small sublinear subobtuse convo-
lute in upper half.
18.F.biformis Sullivant icon. muscor.

Vernal stem-leaves distant obtuse entire ovate or oblong,
concave or conduplicate, soon deciduous; alar cells not well-
defined, the others narrow sublinear. Estival stem-leaves crow-
ded narrowly ovate-lanceolate subacute long-decurrent, slightly
denticulate at apex and gen. short-acuminate; apical cells sub-
oval, the others lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate exc. the alar.
Capsule oblong-cylindric; lid long-conic. — Streams r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller and J. Cardot.

C. Leaves of stem nearly crowded and not often distinctly
decurrent, sometimes subconcave not conduplicate.

a. Leaves of stem very obtuse obtusate not distinctly decur-
rent. Stem without special branchlets.
19.F.gigantea Sulliv. icon. m.; Kindb. rev. bryol. 1895.

Stem-leaves round-ovate very large and broad, not often
conduplicate; apical cells suboval, middle suboblong. Branch-
leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate or obtusate. Capsule broad-
oval; lid obtuse. Confounded with large states of F. antipyre-
tica. — Running water r. Amer. Can.: Macoun Canad. musci n. 228.
*F.mollis C. Mueller in Bot. Centralblatt.

Stem-leaves broad-ovate very crowded not decurrent, plicate
in middle but not conduplicate; upper cells suboval, middle
lanceolate. Capsules unknown. — Rivers r. Amer. U.S. Pacif,
distr.: Roell, com. C. Mueller.

b. Leaves of stem and larger branches long-acuminate subu-
late, often decurrent. Stem with small branchlets (as in F. bi-
formis); their leaves oval-oblong very small.
20.F.Kindbergii Renauld et Cardot; Limpricht. — F. chryso-
phylla Cardot ?

Leaves often copper-brown and glossy; cells narrow. Stem-
leaves ovate-lanceolate sometimes conduplicate; branch-leaves

— 151 —

concave not plicate. Capsule oblong-cylindric; lid conic; teeth

red. — Ponds r. Amer. Can. Vane. isl: Macoun Canad. musci

n. 288. »U. S.» Cardot. Eur. »France, Italy, Austria»: Cardot.
64. Dichelyma Myrin.

A. Leaves us. nearly straight, upper obtuse or subobtuse;
costa not excurrent. Endostome not or only at apex cancellate.
1.D.pallescens Br. eur. — Neckera leucoclada C. M. syn.

Upper leaves denticulate below, serrate above. Capsule oval-
oblong; pedicel short-exserted. Tufts olive-green. — On wet
logs or on base of trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Fowler.

B. Leaves subulate falcate; costa excurrent or r. (in D. cy-
lindricarpum) percurrent.

a. Pedicel of capsule not exserted above perichetial leaves.
Endostome not or only at apex cancellate.
2.D.capillaceum Dickson. — Fontinalis Dicks.; Dichelyma Schimp.

Upper leaves entire; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong,
Tufts green or blackish. Leaves smaller than in D. falcatum.
— Trees and logs by ponds or in rivulets r. Hur. Sweden:
C. Hartman; Lindberg; Berggren. Amer, Can.: Macoun; Moser;
Drummond n. 234.

b. Pedicel long-exserted. Hndostome completely cancellate.
3.D.faleatum Hedwig. — Fontinalis H.; Dichelyma Myrin.

Leaves somewhat large, upper entire below and serrate above;
costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric. Habit of Hyp-
num fluitans. — Swamps, lakes and brooks in northern districts.
Eur. Sweden and Norway not r.! Germany very r.: Schiffner.
Amer. r. Can.: Labrador: Waghorne.
4.D.uncinatum Mitten.

Leaves smaller than in the last; upper denticulate below,
serrate above; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval; pedicel shorter
than in the last. Habit of D. capillaceum. — Logs and trees
in ponds and brooks r. Amer, Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell
and Henderson, com. Cardot.
5.D.cylindricarpum Austin.

Leaves small as in the last; upper entire at least below,
sometimes faintly denticulate (not serrate) above; costa long-
excurrent or percurrent. Capsule cylindric; pedicel long-exserted.
Habit of the last. — Inundated rocks r. Amer. Can. Cascade
mountains: Macoun; determ. Austin.

65. Brachelyma Schimper.
1.B.subulatum Beauvois. -—— Fontinalis Beauv.; Brachelyma
Schimp.; Neckera C. M. ayn.

— 162 —

»Leaves distant tristichous carinate decurrent oblong-lanceo-
late acute or obtuse, denticulate above; lower not falcate; cells
pellucid, middle short, basal and marginal long, alar much
larger; costa subpercurrent. Capsule oval; teeth orange; seg-
ments rufescent not or only at apex cancellate. Stem long
pinnate; branches curved above»: C. M. and Cardot. -- Logs
and trees in rivulets r. Amer. »U. S.o: C. M. syn.

——— a

Index of pleurocarpous genera.

Page Page
Alsia : : . 83] Lescurea. . soos . 25
Amblystegium . . : 75 | Leskea . ©. . . «©. we) 25
Anacamptodon. ... . 15 | Leucodon . ao eh we 6
Anomodon . . : 9 | Lindbergia . ees ae Er ee us SB
Antitrichia . . . . 9 | Macouniella . wath, “eh MOK
Brachelyma .... . 151] Meteorium . . : es . Ot
Brachythecium 24 106) Myrinia . ... oe ce 26
Callicostella . ft . . 22|Myurella. . . . 45
Calliergon . . . » . . @9/]Myurium . ..... 124
Camptothecium . . 86] Neckera . . * ob Sam AD,
Campylium . . . 119] Neckeropsis. . . ... . 20
Clasmatodon . . . . . 14] Papillaria . . . . « « 2
Climacium : 82 | Plagiothecium . . «= 69.
Cryphea . , ahs 7 | Platygyrium ea & BL
Daltonia . . . 23] Platyloma eg ey 9
Dichelyma . é ; 151 | Porotrichum ... . 20
Entodon . . . . 29] Pseudoleskea . . . . 49
Eurbynchium ‘ . . 92] Pseudoleskeella . . arg “At
Fabronia . ane 13 | Pterobryum. . .... . 15
Fontinalis : 146 | Pterogonium . A 39
Forsstremia . . : : 6|Pterygophyllum .... . 2
Girgensohnia - . . . 48] Pterygynandrum Seose 224
Habrodon . . . 14] Pylaisia . . &. anes es Og
Hedwigia . a ee Ss 5|Pylaisiela . . . . . . 62
Helicodontium . . . . . 27] Raphidostegium . . . 62
Heterocladium. . . . . 45] Rhynchostegium .... . 66
Heterophyllon . . ‘ . 122] Stereophyllum... . . 74
Holmgrenia . Da 2 27 | Taxithelium . sen Se, aes (169
Hookeria ae 22 | Thamnium yon sos & 43
Hylocomium .. . : 39 | Thelia. . "A Gees arse, 2S
Hypnum . ee ‘ . 124] Thuidium Poe ae ate. EE
Isothecium ; . . . 983] Tripterocladium ..... 81
Leptodon. . or 20

Species

of

European and Northamerican
Bryine (Mosses)

synoptically deseribed.
by

Prof. N. Conr. Kindberg, Ph. D.

Part. 2.

Aecpoearpous.

Linkoping,
Linképings Lithografiska Aktiebolag
1897,

— 153 —

Fam. 15. Schistostegacee.
66. Schistostega Mohr.
1.8.osmundacea Dickson. — Mnium Dicks., Schistostega Mohr.
Lobes of the frons (»leayes») suboblong short-acuminate acute
entire; cells large. Capsule minute globose; pedicel elongate.
Stem naked below, often with long basal shoots bearing a bud
of ovate-lanceolate leaves. Prothallium (protonema) effulgent
as a smaragd. — Dark caverns of sandstone rocks or (in Can.)
on roots of stumps. Hur. not r. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Fam. 16. Eustichiacee.
67. Kustichia Bridel.
1.E.imbricata Desvaux. — Fissidens Desv.; Eustiehia Kindb.;
KE. norvegica Brid. (incorrect name).

Leaves entire: lower short truncate or apiculate, upper acu-
minate; costa not excurrent. Perichetial leaves very miuch lon-
ger, long-subulate distantly crenulate, often hyaline at apex.
Capsule globose chestnut-colored scarcely emergent above the
points of perichetial leaves; pedicel shortish arcuate when moi-
stened. Dioecious very r. fruit. — Shaded sandstone rocks r.
Amer. U. S.: Sullivant; Cheney, fruit.; Roell; Mrs Britton. Eur.
»Iceland: Vahl»: Schimper.

Fam. 17. Polytrichacee.
68. Catharinea Ehrhart.

1. Lepidophylle. Leaves undulate, furnished with trans-
verse rows of scales at back. Mostly paroecious.

2. Leiophylle. Leaves not distinctly undulate, without
scales. Dioecious.

1. Lepidophylle.

A. Leaves broader at base. Capsule strangulate; calyptra
smooth.
1.C.Selwyni Austin. — Atrichum Aust.; Catharinea Kindb.
revue bryol. 1894.

Leaves broad oblong-lanceolate obtusate subobtuse, dentate
to below middle, very chlorophyllose above, pellucid and some-
times rufescent below, spreading when moistened; lamelle us.
6; costa dentate at back. Capsule nearly straight. Paroecious.
— On earth or stumps r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Howell,
com. Cardot; Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

B. Leaves narrowed at base. Capsule not or slightly stran-
gulate; calyptra scabrous at apex.

ll

—- 154 —

a. Leaves limbate by 2 rows of linear cells; costa dentate
above at back. Capsule cylindric.
2.C.undulata L. — Bryum L.; Catharinea Weber et Mohr;
Atrichum Br. eur.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate acute, dentate also
below middle, very chlorophyllose, spreading when moistened,
gen. large and green; lamelle us, 2—4. Capsule us. large
curved; pedicel often very long. Paroecious or polygamous;
male plants rare. — Earth and wet rocks prince. in lower regions,
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. 8.: Roell; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
3.C.Haussknechtii Juratzka et Milde. — Atrichum J. et M.;
Catharinea Brotherus; C. anomala Bryhn.

Differs from the last: Leaves lanceolate short-acuminate sub-
obtuse, less large. Capsules smaller and nearly straight, some-
times clustered. More often paroecious. — Wet earth in woods
r. Eur. Norway: Bryhn. Amer. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
4.C.angustata Bridel. — Atrichum Br. eur.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate sub-
obtuse, entire below middle, faintly chlorophyllose and often
subpellucid, patent when moistened, less large and less undu-
late than in the both last and gen. olive-green; lamelle us. 5—7.
Capsule less large and nearly straight; pedicel red shortish.
Dioecious. Male plants abundant in separate tufts with cup-
shaped flowers; perigonial leaves with thick costa. — Sandy
and clayey earth, often on rocks and stone-walls. Kur. prince.
in southern distr. Switzerl.! Amer. more common. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. 8.: Wetherby.

*(C.xanthopelma C. Mueller. -— Atrichum Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves more distinctly obtuse with smaller teeth. Pedicel
of capsule long and pale. — Amer. r. U. 8.: Boll, com. C.
Mueller; Langlois, com. Renauld.

b. Leaves indistinctly limbate by one row of linear cells;
costa nearly smooth. Fruiting stem unknown.
5.C.rosulata C. M. et Kindb.; Atrichum cat. Canad. m.

Shoot-leaves short rosulate: upper oblong-lanceolate subobtuse
dentate above middle and scarcely undulate, spreading when
moist, often without scales at back. —- On old stumps r. Amer.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

2. Leiophylle.
6.C.crispa James. — Atrichum Sulliv. icon. muse,
Leaves large distant obtusate obtuse oval-oblong or oblong-

— 155 —

lanceolate, denticulate above middle, narrowed at base; lamelle
us. 8; costa smooth at back. Capsule subcylindric or subcla-
vate; pedicel not long. Stem often high. R. fruiting. — Clay
soil or among grass near water. Hur. r. Engl: Rogers. Amer.
less r. Can.: Macoun (fruit.).

7.C.tenella Roehling. — Atrichum Br. eur.

Leaves somewhat small crowded acute not broad, suboblong
or oblong-lanceolate not much narrowed below, denticulate also
below middle; lamelle 3—5; costa dentate above at back. Cap-
sule small oblong; pedicel not long. Stem about 1 c. m. or
lower. — Wet sandy soil in lower regions. ur. princ. in
northern distr. Sweden not r.!

69. Oligotrichum Lamarck et De Candolle.
A. Leaves narrow subvaginant us. brown, faintly crisped
when dry.

a. Leaves with short lamelle at back.
1.0.hereynicum Ebrh. — Catharinea Ehrh.; Oligotrichum Lam.
et D. C.

Leaves dentate above at borders and at back, gradually nar-
rowed, subulate or acute; lamelle of upper side 8—12 cohe-
ring, those of under side 3—5 near base. Capsule suboblong
not or slightly strangulate; pedicel not long; calyptra often with
many hairs. — Sandy ground prine. in alps. Hur. less r. in
northern distr. Norway! Amer. r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

2.0.integrifolium Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, subobtuse entire, smooth
at back. Capsule thicker below, strangulate plicate when dry.
— Alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves with long lamelle at back.

3.0.aligerum Mitten; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves longer than in the both last, sublinear subulate or
acute, dentate at least above middle of borders; lamelle of
upper side 5—-8 near costa, those of under side 3—-5 near
costa and 4—-5 near borders. Capsule strangulate narrowly
ovate-oblong or subcylindric; lid rostrate; pedicel thin very
long; calyptra with few hairs in upper part. — Clay banks in
alp. regions r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves broad large not sheathing, green, cirrate-crisped
when dry; lamelle long also at back, 8—6 near costa ou upper
side, 2—3 near costa and sometimes 1—2 rudimentary near
borders at back.

-- 156 —

4.0.parallelum Mitten. — Atrichum Mitt. Sull. ic. m.; Oligo-
trichum Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves sublanceolate (or in male plant oval-oblong) acute or
short-acuminate, dentate to below middle, marked with longi-
tudinal stripes at back; costa scarcely percurrent also in the
nearly similar perichetial leaves. Capsule as in the last but
thicker; lid rostrate; pedicel thick longish; calyptra unknown.
— Wet rocks in alps r. Amer. Brit. Col. in higher alp. region:
Macoun. Eur. Norway: E. Nyman.
5.0.leiophyllum Kindb. — Atrichum in bull. Torr. club.

Differs from the last: Leaves not striped, upper longer-acu-
minate; perichetial with still longer acumen and excurrent
costa. Capsule longer. Calyptra nearly glabrous. — Damp
earth in alp. regions. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.
Brit. Col. and Vane. isl: J. Macoun.

70. Psilopilum Bridel.
1.P.levigatum Wahlenberg. — Polytrichum Wahl. fl. lapp.;
Psilopilum Limpricht.

Leaves short ovate-oblong subobtuse crenulate above, not
dentate at back. Capsule large broadly subovate more or less
curved; pedicel not long. — Sandy or turfy soil in arctic distr.
Eur. Spetsbergen: A. E. Nordenskiceld; Berggren. Amer. Can.:
Breutel. Alaska: Palmer and J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

71. Bartramiopsis Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.
1.B.Leseurii James. — Atrichum Jam.; Bartramiopsis Kindb.;
Oligotrichum Mitten.

Leaves linear-lanceolate short-acuminate, sharply dentate to the
sheath, not much loosely disposed, more or less incurved when
dry, nearly straight and spreading when moist; lamelle 4—8.
Stem 2—3 centim. long nearly eradiculose, naked and filiform
below. (Described to specimens from Japan). »Capsule erect
short cylindric-ovate constricted below mouth; pedicel short»:
Lesq. et Jam. — Amer. »Alaska»: Lesq. et Jam. (Japan: Bisset,
determ. Mitten).

* B.sitkana Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves longer, long-subulate more loosely disposed, cirrate
when dry. Capsules unknown. Habit of Bartramia crispa, —
Amer. Alaska, Sitka: J. M. Macoun.

72. Catharinella Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

A. Leaves short-acuminate sheathing; marginal teeth large
with a single red cell at apex; lamella 20—30. Stem and
pedicel not long.

— 157 —

1.C.contorta Menzies. — Catharinea Mz.; Pogonatum Sull. ic.
m. in part.

Leaves dark green sublinear acute strongly dentate nearly
all around; cells of sheath chlorophyllose subquadrate; lamelle
about 380, their cells rotundate green; costa dentate at back,
not excurrent. Capsule narrow subcylindric strangulate not
large; peristomial membrane elevate; pedicel contorted. — On
roots of trees (Douglas-firs) r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. Can, Brit. Col.: J. Macoun. U.S.: Hall, com. Macoun.
2.C.atrovirens Mitten. —- Pogonatum Mitt.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, more distinctly shea-
thing, bright or glaucous green, more strongly crisped; cells of
sheath hyaline; lamelle about 20. — Roadsides r. Amer.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves long-acuminate not sheathing: marginal teeth
large with 2—3 red cells; lamelle about 40. Stem and pedi-
cel very long.
3.C.erythrodontia Kindb. 1. c. — Pogonatum contortum Sull.
l. c. in part.

Habit of C. contorta. — Wet woods r. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane. isl.: J. Macoun.

C. Leaves short-acuminate short-sheathing; marginal teeth
not large, formed by one single cell, finally pale yellow not
red; lamelle about 20. Capsules unknown. Stem not long.
4.C.Dixoni Braithwaite. — Catharinea Braithw. brit. mossfl.;
Catharinella Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

Leaves dark green not long, linear-lanceolate acute, dentate
above gen. to middle, broadly bordered by wings of lamina
often nearly all around; cells of sheath subquadrate not chlo-
rophyllose; costa short-excurrent dentate at back. — On base
of trees r. Eur. Engl. Dixon, com. Braithwaite.

73. Pelytrichum L.

A. Calyptra short-acuminate densely hairy.

a. Capsule papillose. Leaves often incurved when dry, r.
aristate.

J. Aloidella. Capsule without angles and apophysis.

b. Capsule smooth. Leaves rigid not incurved, gen. aristate.
II. Pogonatum. Capsule without angles and apophysis,
green when unripe, finally blackish or r. brown. Stem us.
branched. Apical cell of lamelle thick-walled subglobose pa-
pillose.

III. Eu-Polytrichum. Capsule (ripe) with 4—6 angles and

— 158 —

us. distinct apophysis, soon becoming brown. Stem us. simple.
Apical cell of lamellee smooth or unipapillate.

B. Calyptra long-acuminate sparingly hairy.

IV. Polytrichadelphus. Capsule smooth with 2 angles;
apophysis none. Leaves rigid not incurved. Stem branched.
I. Aloidella C. Mueller syn.

A. Leaves incurved when dry; cells of lamelle smooth thin-
walled; costa not excurrent. Stem us. short simple. Protonema
often persistent.

a. Upper leaves long narrow subulate, broadly sheathing;
wings of lamina very broad; lamelle about 10.
1.P.pennsylvanicum Hedwig; C. M. syn. — Pogonatum brevi-
caule Beauvois; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Lower leaves short short-acuminate, upper distantly dentate
or crenulate. Capsule subcylindric. Stem very short. — Clavey
soil by roadsides. Amer. eastern slope. Can.: Macoun; Fowler;
N. Foundl.: Waghorne. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller;
Austin; Olney; Cummings.

b. Leaves broad obtusate not long; lamelle numerous.
2.P.nanum Schreber. — P. subrotundum Hudson; Braithwaite.

Leaves subobtuse faintly crenulate above; wings of lamina
somewhat broader below. Capsule finally short-piriform. Stem
simple not high. — Sandy or clayey soil. Hur. not r. in lower
regions. Sweden!
3.P.brachyphylum Richard. — Pogonatum Sulliv. icon. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves obtuse entire; capsule suboval;

stem shorter. — Roadsides. Amer. U. S.: Austin; Langlois,
com. Cardot.
4.P.aloides Hedwig. — Pogonatum Beauvois.

Leaves sharply dentate us. somewhat short, less broad than
in the both last and gen. longer acuminate; wings of lamina
narrow. Capsule oblong-piriform or subcylindric. Stem often
somewhat high r. branched. --- Sandy soil. Hur. not r. Swe-
den, Germany, Switzerl.!

B. Leaves not incurved but gen. appressed when dry, us.
sharply dentate with narrow wings; lamelle numerous, their
apical cell thick-walled papillose or crenulate. Stem r. simple.

a. Leaves sharply dentate. Stem us. branched.
5.P.urnigerum L. — Pogonatum Beauvois.

Leaves acute more or less acuminate, gen. not aristate, often
somewhat long; apical cell of lamelle globose. Perichetial
leaves aristate. Capsule subcylindric us, large and not wide-

—- 159 —

mouthed; pedicel thin often very long. — Earth and rocks
also in higher alp. regions. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

6.P.dentatum Menzies; C. M. syn. — Pogonatum Sull. ic. m.

Leaves as in the last but more sharply dentate, the upper
with short reddish or whitish awn by the excurrent costa; api-
cal cell of lamelle truncate crenulate. Capsule small narrow
often wide-mouthed; pedicel not long. Stem not high, some-
times simple. Resembles a emall alpine variety of the last.
— In alps and arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can. Brit. Col. and Labrador: Macoun. U. 8.: Austin; Oakes.

b. Leaves faintly denticulate. Stem often simple.
7.P.capillare Richard. -—- Pogonatum Sulliv. ic. m.

Leaves short obtusate subobtuse distantly denticulate; wings
of lamina not prominent; apical cell of lamelle truncate crenu-
late; costa not excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric faintly pa-
pillose, not wide-mouthed. Habit of the last. — Alps and
arctic distr. r. Hur. Russia: Brotherus. Amer. U. S.: Rudkin,
com. Mrs Britton.
8.P.Wahlenbergii Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894. — »P. capillare
var. minus Wahlenberg fl. lapp.»: Lindb. et Arnell.

Differs from the last in leaves subacute nearly entire; wings
of lamina prominent, very much broader below. Capsule oval
or cylindric. — Northern alp. distr. r. Hur. »Sweden»: Wahlenb.
(Asia, Sibiria: H. W. Arnell).

II. Pogonatum Bridel, in part.

A. Leaves falcate when moist, patent or spreading when
dry; lamelle about 60. Outer perichetial leaves very much
longer. Pedicel of capsule finally brown.
9.P.Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1889.

Leaves very long, bordered by the wings of the strongly
dentate lamina, long-subulate; awn long rough reddish. Peri-
chetial leaves rough near apex, the inner shorter more acute.
Capsule oblong-cylindric strangulate, larger than in P. alpinum;
lid large conic-subulate, half as long as capsule. Higher and more
robust than allied species. — Rocks and earth prince. in alp.
region r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. to 1850 metr. a. s.: J. Ma-
coun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B. Leaves straight or faintly curved when moist, more or
less appressed when dry; lamelle about 30. Perichetial leaves
not longer. Pedicel yellowish.

— 160 —

a. Leaves distinctly bordered by the wings of lamina, acu-
minate, gen. long and not strongly appressed when dry.
10.P.alpinum L. — Pogonatum Roebling.

Leaves dentate nearly to the sheath, very patent when moi-
stened; awn short rough reddish also in perichetial leaves,
which in upper part are furnished with few lamelle. Capsule
us. oblong (r. subcylindric) and not or slightly oblique; lid gen.
long-rostrate. Stem us. branched above. —- Stony and grassy
places on mountains prince. in alps. Hur. common in alps.
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun; Palmer. Can.: J. Macoun. U. 8.: Roell. — A var. with
subcylindric capsule is found in Can. Northern Labrador by
J. Macoun 1896.

*P.brevifolium R. Brown.

Leaves very short, appressed when dry. Capsule globose. —
In higher alp. region r. Hur. Norway! Sweden: E. Nyman.
Amer. »Greenl: Vahl»: Lange.
11.P.microdontium Kindb. in Biblioth. botan. 42 (1897). —
Pogonatum alpinum var. microdontium Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves entire or minutely denticulate only in upper third or
half of lamina, longer-subulate than in P. alpinum; uppermost
leaves very long, suddenly larger and spreading; awn reddish
somewhat long, faintly rough. Perichetial leaves with very
long nearly smooth awn; lamelle somewhat numerous. Capsule
large thick globose or broad-oval, often oblique; lid short-api-
culate. Stem gen. simple. — Alpine prince. arctic districts r.
Amer. Green].: Vanhoeffen. Alaska: J. M. Macoun; Palmer.
Can. Brit. Col.: J. M. Macoun.
12.P.Vanhoeffeni Kindb. in Biblioth. botan. 42 (1897).

Leaves entire or only near apex (scarcely in upper third of
lamina) dentate, not long but long-acuminate, very narrowly
bordered by lamina, nearly appressed when dry, not much
open when moist; awn shoit rough red-yellow. Perichetial
leaves much narrower with not few lamelle. Capsule obovate
oblique; lid scarcely shorter than half capsule. Stem us. spa-
ringly divided above, often to 8 c. m. high; pedicel scarcely
38 c. m. Tufts brownish. — Amer. r. Greenl.: E. Vanhoeffen.

b. Leaves bordered by wings of lamina only near apex,
short acute but gen. obtusate, appressed when dry.
13.P.septemtrionale Swartz; Wahlenberg fl. lappon., not C.
M. syn.; Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.

Leaves entire or with very few teeth near apex; awn very

— 161 —

short or indistinct. Perichetial leaves short-apiculate nearly
without lamelle. Capsule globose or broad-oval; lid short-api-
culate. Stem low simple or very slightly branched. Habit of
P. sexangulare. — Higher alp region r. Hur. Norway! Amer.
Can: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
14.P.polare C. Mueller.

Differs from the last in more distinct and dentate awn of
leaves; capsule oval often oblique; stem divided somewhat high.
— Arctic distr. r. Amer, Greenl.: Pansch, com. C. Mueller.

III. En-Polytrichum.

A. Capsule green and not distinctly angled when unripe,
us. 6-angled when ripe. Leaves channelled or with inflexed
wings, not appressed when dry; awn red-brown or indistinct;
apical cell of lamina not papillate. Stem simple.
15.P.sexangulare Floerke. — P. septemtrionale C. M. syn.

Leaves short obtusate obtuse entire or at apex with very
few teeth, not rough at back; wings very narrow or indistinct;
lamellee about 80; awn indistinct or very short and red. Cap-
sule suboval finally short-prismatic; pedicel yellowish or pale
red not long. Stem not tomentose us. low. Habit of P. alpi-
num. — On earth in higher alp. region. Hur. less r. Norway!
Sweden: Indebétou. Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. 8.:
Roell.
16.P.gracile Dickson; Menzies.

Leaves long subulate-acuminate dentate to the sheath, us.
green; wings broad prince. below; lamellae about 40; awn brownish
not long. Perichetial leaves hyaline-bordered. Capsule round-
oval finally cubic; apophysis sometimes Jess distinct; lid broad-
conic when young, finally apiculate or rostellate; pedicel long
yellowish or finally reddish. Spores about 0,02 m. m. Stem
us. tomentose below, often high. — Turfy soil and rocks also
in alps. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway! Amer. not common.
Can.: Macoun.

B. Capsule 4-angled prismatic soon becoming brown. Leaves
acuminate acute with distinct wings.

a. Leaves entire or above with few teeth, channelled or
convolute; apical cell of Jamelle unipapillate. Perichetial leaves
hyaline above.
17.P.juniperinum Willdenow.

Leaves long long-subulate gen, entire, very patent or curved
when moist, us. not appressed when dry; lamelle about 50;
costa rough above at back; awn long rough wholly red.

— 162 —

Perichetial leaves entire somewhat long-acuminate, lamellate
above; awn rough and red. Capsule rectangular-prismatic; pe-
dicel often very long. Stem not much naked and gen. not
tomentose, sometimes branched. — Heaths and woods common
but less often in alps. Hur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl! Amer.
Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

18.P,strietum Banks.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter with shorter acumen,
us. appressed when dry; lamelle about 30. Capsule cubic;
pedicel less long. Stem tomentose us. simple. — Swamps
prince. in alps not common. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

19.P.hyperborenum R. Brown.

Leaves short short-acuminate entire, straight and not much
patent when moist, appressed when dry; Jamelle about 30;
costa smooth; awn short faintly rough, often (at least in upper
leaves) partly whitish, in some leaves wholly red. Perichetial
leaves entire somewhat long-acuminate; awn whitish above,
nearly smooth. Stem of female plants branched often tomen-
tose. Capsule cubic; pedicel not long. Male plant with shorter
broader leaves, disposed in distant fascicles. Habit of the last.
— Dry and wet places in northern alps. Eur. Norway! Finl.:
Brotherus, Amer. Greenl.: Berggren; Vanhoeffen. Can. N. La-
brador: Macoun 1896.
20.P.boreale Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Differs from the last: Leaves gen. dentate near apex below
the awn, with longer acumen; costa rough at back; awn longer
always whitish above. Perichetial leaves more distinctly den-
ticulate; awn rough nearly wholly whitish. Stem not tomentose.
— Dry places in northern alps r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!
Amer. Greenl.: Berggren; Vanhoeffen. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can. Labrador: Waghorne.
21.P.piliferum Schreber.

Leaves short entire short-acuminate or subobtusate, appressed
when dry; lJamelle about 30; costa smooth; awn long wholly
whitish nearly smooth. Perichetial leaves not lamellate. Cap-
sule short-prismatic or cubic, inclined or suberect, Stem short
simple, naked at least in lower half; the foliated part subcla-
vate. — Dry heaths also in alp. regions common. Eur. Swe-
den, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves denticulate not convolute, long and long-subulate,

— 163 —

us. plane; lamelle very numerous, their apical cell not papillate;
awn red-brown. Stem and pedicel us. long.
22.P.attenuatum Menzies. — P. formosum Hedwig.

Leaves plane crowded, dentate to a long sheath, us. green; wings
very narrow; apical cell of lamelle suboval. Perichetial leaves
green not or faintly hyaline in lamina; awn rough. Capsule
us. long rectangular-prismatic brown; lid short broad-conic with
short point; pedicel reddish. Spores about 0,01 m. m. Stem
tomentose near base. — Dry woods often in subalp. districts.
Eur. not yr. Sweden! Amer. r. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

*P.pallidisetum Funck.

Capsule short-prismatic yellowish; lid nearly flat with narrowly
conic beak; pedicel yellowish or pale red. -- Woods r. Eur.
Sweden, Germany! Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
23.P.ohioénse Renauld et Cardot. — P. decipiens Limpricht.

Differs from P. attenuatum: Upper leaves (near the periche-
tial) with shorter sheath; apical cell of lamelle often transversely
dilated. Capsule shorter, narrowed below; lid with narrowly
conic beak. Stem not tomentose, us. less long. — Earth and
rocks in woods. Eur. r. Switzerl.! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. S.: Wetherby; Lapham, com. Cardot.
24.P.Behringiannm Kindb. rev. bryol. 1894.

Differs from P. attenuatum: Leaves laxly disposed, entire
below middle of lamina, faintly denticulate above, nearly chan-
nelled; cells of sheath shorter and broader. Stem not tomen-
tose. Capsules unknown. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.
25.P.commune L.

Leaves plane crowded, dentate to the sheath, us. rufescent,
often faleate when moist; apical cell of lamellee often emargi-
nate. Perichetial leaves hyaline, us. serrulate near apex; awn
entire. Capsule long or short; lid short-rostellate with us.
narrow beak. Stem not often tomentose, us. very long. —
Heaths and turf-moors prince. in lower regions, less often in
alps. Hur. common. Sweden! Amer. Jess common. Can.:
Macoun (a var. with shorter stem and us_ blackish calyptra).
*P.perigoniale Michaux.

Leaves not or faintly rough at back, us. green; perichetial
entire more numerous. Capsule short. Stem and pedicel less
long. — Dry places. Eur. prince. in southern distr. Switzerl.!
Amer. Can.: Macoun,

— 164 —

*P.Swartzii Hartman.

»Leaves short about 5 m. m. Capsule small subcubic with
less distinct apophysis. — Eur. r. Sweden»: Hartman skand.
flora.
26.P.conorhynchum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from P. commune: Leaves channelled green, periche-
tial longer aristate. Lid of capsule with broadly conic beak.
— Bogs in alps r. Amer Can. Selkirk mts: Macoun.

IV. Polytrichadelphus Mitten.
27.P.Lyallii Mitten. — Polytrichadelphus Mitt.; Polytrichum
Kindb. revue bryol. 1894; Oligotrichum Lindb.; Sull. ic. muse.

Leaves dentate above often to the middle of the prominent
lamina, not appressed; awn short smooth also in perichetial
leaves; lamelle about 30, their apical cell thick-walled suboval
smooth. Perichetial leaves subconvolute densely Jamellate at
the short point. Capsule subovoid-cvlindric strangulate finally
brown; peristomial membrane elevate; lid long-rostrate; pedicel
yellowish. Resembling P. alpinum and P. sexangulare. — Swampy
places in higher alp. region. Amer. Pacif. distr. r. U.8.: Roell;
Nowell.

Fam. 18. Georgiacee.
74, Georzia Ehbrhart.

I. Tetraphis. Leaves distinctly costate; upper cells round-
hexagonal. Peristomial teeth narrow. Stem elongate.

Il. Tetrodontinm. Leaves not distinctly costate; upper
cells suboval. Peristomial teeth broad. Stem nearly indistinct.
I. Tetraphis Hedwig.

A. Pedicel of capsule smooth.
1.G.peliucida L. Mnium L.; Georgia Rabenhorst.

Leaves subovate or suboblong, obtusate us. acute. Periche-
tial leaves with Jong sublinear us. obtuse acumen; costa not
excurrent. Capsule and pedicel straight. Sterile stems gem-
miferous at the top, their buds cup-shaped; upper stem leaves
very small. — Rotten logs, sandstone and turfy soil in woods.
Eur. common. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer not r. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. 8.: Roell.
2.G.cuspidata Kindb. revue brvol. 1893.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute. Perichetial leaves
cuspidate by the long-excurrent costa. Capsule gen. curved;
pedicel straight. —- Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8: Sullivant and
Schrader, com. C. Mueller; Miss C. Cummings, com. Roell.

— 165 —

B. Pedicel rough.
3.G.trachypoda Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves subovate or ovate-oblong, short-acuminate acute. Pe-
richetial leaves with long snblinear acute acumen; costa not
excurrent. Capsule straight; pedicel straight, rough in upper
part. — Amer. Pacif. distr. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun,
4.G.geniculata Girgensohn. --- Tetraphis Girg.; Georgia Lindb.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong Jong-acuminate acute.
Perichetial leaves ovate-lanceolate with long subulate acumen;
costa not excurrent. Capsule straight; pedicel geniculate very
rough above the bend. — Rotten wood r. Amer. princ. in Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun; N. Foundl.: Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

Il. Tetrodontium Schweegrichen.
5.G.Brownii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Georgia C. M.

Perichetial leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate short-acu-
minate subacute. Capsule suboval straight very small; pedicel
straight smooth. Perigonial leaves subulate-acuniinate. Stem
bearing at base shoots and long narrowly cuneate often 2—8-
lobed leaves, resembling branches of a fallow-buck. -- On
shady rocks prince. of sandstone, sometimes covered by other
mosses. Hur. somewhat r. Norway, Sweden! Amer. r. »U. S.o:
Lesy. et Jam.

Fam. 19. Fissidentacee.

75. Fissidens Hedwig.

A. Leaves nerveless hyaline narrowly limbate.
I. Aneuron. Pedicel of capsule terminal. Plants minute.

B. Leaves costate.
Il. Pachyfissidens. Leaves pluristratose not limbate, large
and entire.
Ill. Aloma. Leaves unistratose not limbate.

a. Peristomial teeth wholly deflexed when dry.

1. Camptodontii. Capsule terminal. Plants small. Dioe-
cious. Leaves in few pairs.

b. Peristomial teeth suberect or inflexed when dry.

aa. Capsule terminal; lid very short conic obtuse.

2. Obtusifolii. Leaves broad-obtuse entire and small.
Plants small.

bb. Lid of capsule rostrate or rostellate, gen. long.

3. Adiantoidei. Capsule gen. not terminal. Leaves serrate

— 166 —

above and denticulate below, r. nearly entire, us. large and
papillose at back.

4. Osmundoidei. Capsule terminal or (in F. taxifolius)
basilar. Leaves uniformly crenulate all around, gen. not large.
IV. Eu-Fissidens. Leaves unistratose limbate (in F. eaxiguus
sometimes not limbate), gen. small and entire or at apex faintly
denticulate. Capsule terminal or (in F. floridanus) lateral; lid
gen. rostellate (in F. rufulus very short obtuse).

I. Aneuron Kindb.
1.F.hyalinus Hooker et Wilson; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves entire in few pairs: lower very small, uppermost
suboblong subacute much larger; wings short sinuolate; cells
large round-hexagonal. Capsule oval-obovate or guboblong; lid
as long; teeth deeply cleft; calyptra conic covering only the
beak. — Moist rocky ledges r. Amer. »U.S. Ohio»: Sullivant.

Il. Pachyfissidens C. Mueller.
2.F.grandifrons Bridel.

Leaves rigid sublinear obtuse very densely crowded; cells
roundish; costa not percurrent. ‘Tufts dense high. Dioecious.
Capsules unknown. — Wet calcareous rocks r. Kur. France!
Spain: Levier. Amer. Can.: Macoun. — »The fruiting F. gran-
difrons from Asia» Barnes and Limpricht is F. subgrandifrons
C. Mueller in Bot. Zeit. 1864.

III. Aloma Kindb.
. 1. Camptodontii.
3.F.Closteri Austin; Sulliv. icon. muscor.

Leaves entire short-ovate subacute often with wanting lamina,
very minute and pellucid. Capsule narrow subclavate erect or
inclined; lid rostrate. Calyptra mitriform or cucullate. Plant
minute. — On the ground r. Amer. »U. §.: Austin»: Sullivant.
4.F.pauperculus Howe.

Leaves uniformly crenulate, suboblong or short-lanceolate
subacute, larger than in the last; cells chlorophyllose pellucid.
Capsule narrow subcylindrie often slightly curved, cernuous.
Calyptra cucullate. Plants small not or very loosely tufted.
— Stony ground r. Amer, U. 8. California: M. A. Howe.

2. Obtusifolii.
5.F.obtusifolius Wilson; Sull. ic. m. — F. Arnoldi Ruthe.

Leaves oval-oblong pellucid; costa not percurrent. Capsule
suboval. — Wet sandstone or calcareous rocks r. Amer. U.S:
Henry, com. Cardot. Hur. »Germany»: Limpricht.

— 167 —

8. Adiantoidei.

A. Leaves long sublinear or oblong-lanceolate more or less
pellucid. Capsule large; pedicel long-exserted.
6.F.adiantoides L. — Hypnum L.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Capsule oval-oblong; lid nearly as long; teeth deeply cleft;
pedicel lateral. Leaves strongly serrate above, denticulate below,
often hyaline at margins, us. large; costa subpercurrent. Stems
us. erect and tufted, forming large mats, gen. radiculose below.
— Rocks and earth common. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

*F.eristatus Wilson. — F. decipiens Notaris; Sulliv. icon.
musc.

Leaves more crowded and not much large, nearly entire be-
low. Stems us. ascending or decumbent, densely tufted. —
On rocks, less often on earth, nearly common. Hur. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. §.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
* F.subtaxifolius Kindb. in bull. soc. bot. ital. 1896.

Leaves minutely serrate above, nearly entire below; costa
percurrent or subexcurrent. Stems (as in F. taxifolius) short
decumbent without rhizoids above base, not forming cohering
mats. Capsules not found. — On clayey earth. Eur. Switzerl.
near Lugano!
7.F.serrulatus Bridel.

Capsule subcylindric; lid shorter; teeth deeply cleft; pedicel
terminal on the stem or on short lateral branches. Leaves as
in F. adiantoides but more densely crowded, always large. Tufts
loose not radiculose. R. fruiting. — Earth and rocks r. Eur.
Italy: Bottini. Portugal: Levier.
8.F.polyphyllus Wilson.

Differs from the last: Peristomial teeth cleft only to middle.
Leaves entire or near apex faintly denticulate or serrate. Stem

us. much longer. Very r. fruiting. — Wet shady rocks r.
Eur. France: Camus, com. Husnot. Engl.: Manchester Cryptog.
Society.

9.F.polypodioides Hedwig: Sulliv. ic. muse.

Capsule piriform-clavate with very wide mouth, not strangu-
late; lid shorter; teeth deeply cleft; pedicel as in F. serrulatus.
Leaves entire large densely crowded; costa subpercurrent. Stem
often long and simple, radiculose only at base. Differs from
the 3 preceeding species in annulus of capsule revoluble. R.
fruiting. — Wet rocks r. Amer. »U. S. southern states»: Sulliv.
(Venezuela: Fendler, com. C. Mueller).

— 168 —

B. Leaves short suboblong nearly opake below, pellucid at
apex. Capsule small; pedicel scarcely exserted above upper
stem-leaves.
10.F.subbasilaris Hedwig; Sullivant ic. muse.

Capsule oblong-cylindric; lid much shorter; teeth not long
and not deeply cleft with subulate not filiform-pointed legs;
pedicel emerging from lower part of stem. Leaves small, den-
ticulate below, stronger serrate near apex, subobtuse, not hya-
line at margins; costa subpercurrent. Tufts low; stems fasci-
culate -— On trees r. Amer. Can.: Dearness, com. Macoun;
Drummond, com. Macoun. U. 8: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

4, Osmundoidei.

A. Leaves gen. large; costa excurrent. Stems not tufted.
Pedicel of capsule basilar.

11.F taxifolius L. — Hypnum L.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves suboblong hyaline-crenulate often acute, not densely
crowded. Capsule suboblong; lid nearly as long. Stems fasci-
culate; branches simple not long us. decumbent. — On earth.
Eur. not r. Switzerl.! Sweden: S. Hardin; M. Huss. Engl.:
Rogers, Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves not large; costa not excurrent. Pedicel terminal.

a. Tufts tomentose often high. Calyptra mitriform lobate.
12.F.osmundoides Swartz. — Dicranum Sw.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves suboblong subobtuse often apiculate, not opake, in
many pairs; costa subpercurrent. Capsule oblong-oval. — Wet
rocks and heaths also in alps. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Stems low not tomentose, not or very loosely tufted.
Calyptra cucullate.
13.F.exilis Hedwig.

Leaves very pellucid suboblong subacute in few pairs: upper
sometimes sublinear-lanceolate; costa percurrent. Capsule thick
oval-oblong. Monoecious. Plants very small. On earth.
Eur, not r. Sweden: C. Hartman; Arvén. France: Husnot.
*F Hallii Austin.

»Plants somewhat larger; dioccious. — Amer. r. U. S. Texas:
E. Hall»: Lesq. et Jam.
14.F.Ravenelii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves small opake sublinear or broad-lanceolate subacute in
2—10 pairs; costa subpercurrent. Perichetial leaves with broadly
limbate wings. Capsule suboblong gen. erect; lid rostellate much shor-
ter. Dioecious. — Damp earth r. Amer. U. 8.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

— 169 —

15.F.Garberi Lesq. et Jam. man.

Differs from the last: Leaves somewhat larger shorter more
obtuse, sometimes short-acuminate; costa shorter. Perichetial
leaves with narrowly limbate wings. Capsule oval. »Sometimes
synoecious»: Schimper. — Trees and earth r. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.
16.F.Donnellii Austin. — F. pauperculus Howe ?

»Leaves small: lower broad, upper longer and narrower linear-
lanceolate in 3—4 pairs; basal lamina incomplete; cells much
larger than in F. Ravenelii; costa not percurrent. Perichetial
leaves with not limbate wings. Capsules unknown; pedicel very
short. Dioecious»: Lesq. et Jam. man. and Barnes bot. gaz.
1887. — Base of trees r. Amer. »U. 8., south. st.»: Lesq. et
Jam.

1V. Eu-Fissidens.

A. Inner leaf-cells opake.

a. Lid of capsule very short obtuse.
17.F.rufulus Bryol. eur. — F. ventricosus Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves broad somewhat large, oblong or oblong-lanceolate
subobtuse crowded, broadly yellowish or reddish limbate; costa
percurrent. Capsule obovate dark green; teeth deeply cleft;
pedicel short. Stem 1—4 c. m. long. Very r. fruiting. —
Stones in streams r. Hur. Engl.: Rogers. Austria: Sauter, com.
Husnot. Amer. »Calif.»: Sulliv.

b. Lid rostrate.
18.F.limbatus Sullivant.

Leaves small oblong-lanceolate apiculate or short-acuminate,
pale-limbate entire; cells seriate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule
asymmetric suboval green; lid half as long; teeth deeply cleft;
pedicel terminal. Stem 2-—5 m. m. long. — Amer, Pacif.
distr. r. U. 8.: Roell; Howe.

19.F floridanus Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves long cultriform crenulate at apex; costa not percur-
rent. Capsule oblong-cval; lid long-rostrate; pedicel lateral.
Stem 1—3 c. m. long.— Amer. r. U. 8. south. states: Garber»:
Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves more or less pellucid, not large. Lid shorter
than half capsule. Plants small. .

. a Leaves with thick broad limb. Stem us. somewhat long.
20.F.rivularis (Spruce as var.) Bryol. eur.

Leaves broadly cultriform acute or abruptly short-acuminate
entire with pale limb; costa percurrent. Capsule straight cer-

12

-—— 170 —

nuous. Stem to 3 c. m. long; male flowers axillary, — In
water r. Hur. France: Husnot. Amer. »U. S.: Lesq. et Jam.
21.F.crassipes Wilson.

Leaves as in the last but with yellowish limb, sometimes
crenulate near apex; costa not percurrent. Capsule us. straight
erect. Stem to 4 ¢c. m. long. Dioecious or monoecious with

not axillary male flowers. — In water r. Eur. Switzerl.! France:
Berthoumieu; Camus.
*F.Mildei Schimper. -— Polygamous. — Eur. r. Switzerl.:

Culmann, com. Husnot.

b. Leaves gen. with thin narrow limb, not gradually acu-
minate; costa gen. not excurrent. Stem us. very short.
22.F.bryoides L. — Hypnum L.; Fissidens Hedwig.

Leaves broadly cultriform acute us. long. Capsule straight
gen. erect. Stem with axillary male flowers. — Earth and
stones not r. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Engl.:
Rogers. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond.

*F.cyprius Juratzka.

»Polygamous. — Hur. r. Italy»: Limpricht.

*F.viridulus Swartz. —- Dicranum Sw.; Fissidens Wahlenberg.
Fruiting stem without male flowers. — Eur. not r. Engl.:
Rogers. Sweden: P. Olsson. Amer. Can. common: Macoun.
23.F.ineurvus Starke.

Leaves us. as in the last. Capsule us. cernuous often curved.
Stem without axillary male flowers. —- Earth and stones not
xr. Eur. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Langlois,
com. Cardot.

* F tamarindifolius Don. — Hypnum Don; Fissidens Bridel.

Leaves short subovate-oblong. Capsule nearly straight. —
On earth r. Eur. Italy! Sweden: M. Huss. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
*F.pusillus Wilson.

Leaves smaller somewhat long. Capsule straight erect. --
Rocks not r. Hur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot.
Engl.: Rogers. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

*F.minutulus Sullivant icon. muse.

Leaves small narrow suboblong or oblong-lanceolate very
narrowly limbate; basal lamina often incomplete. Capsule
straight erect or inclined. Not much distinct from F. incurvus
* pusillus. — Moist rocks. Amer. Can.: Macoun. Eur. »Engl.»:
Braithwaite.

* F.Bambergeri Schimper; Husnot muscol. gall.
Leaves somewhat small and not long, often incompletely

-- 171 —

limbate. — Sandy soil r. Eur. »Austria»y: Schimp. syn. Amer.
»U. S.»: Cardot.
*F.texanus Lesquereux.

»Leaves broader; costa sometimes short-excurrent. Capsule
short-rostrate. — Amer. r. U. S. Texas: Wright»: Lesq. et Jam.
24.F.algarvicus Solms Laubach; Husnot m. gall. .

Differs from F. incurvus *pusillus in narrower leaves, the
upper sublinear more acuminate and broadly limbate; cells

sometimes suboval. — Clayey soil r. Hur. France: Corbieére,
com. Husnot.

25.F.exiguus Sullivant ic. muse. — F. falcatulus Renauld et
Cardot.

Differs from other species of subg. Hu-Fissidens in leaves gen.
not limbate at least on lamina, Upper leaves oblong-lanceolate
subacute. Capsule suboval-oblong erect. Plant very small.
Dioecious. — Earth and stones r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.
Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

* F.subimmarginatus Philibert; Husnot muscol. gall.

Leaves with broadly limbate wings. — Hur. »France»: Phi-
libert. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

¢. Leaves gradually acuminate; costa excurrent.
26.F.Sardagne Venturi revue bryol. 1883.

»Leaves in 3—4 pairs: upper narrowly linear-lanceolate lim-
bate by 2—38 rows of linear cells, rigid when dry; basal lamina
incomplete; cells irregular hexagonal larger than in F. incurvus
*pusillus. Capsule erect suboval, when dry cylindric; lid un-

known. Plant minute. — Hur. Sardinia»: Venturi.
76. Conomitrium Montagne.
1.C.Julianum Savi. — Fontinalis Savi; Conomitrium Mont.

Leaves large long sublinear obtuse entire not limbate, in
many pairs; wings short; cells round-hexagonal; costa abbreviate.
Capsule small green piriform wide-mouthed; lid longer; teeth
approached very short sometimes cleft nearly to middle; pedicel
terminal on a small lateral branch, not much longer than cap-
sule; calyptra mitriform. Tufts green very loose. Stem often
long. Monoecious but r. fruiting. — In water viz. in fountains.
Eur. somewhat r. Switzerl.! Sweden: Arnell. Germany: Baur,
Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.
2.C.Hallii Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. icon. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves much narrower, setaceous gra-
dually narrowed, in 5—10 pairs; wings shorter; outer basal

Se

cells narrower. short-rectangular in many rows. Capsule oval-
oblong on elongate branches, with a not longer lid; pedicel
8—4 times longer; teeth more distant, long subulate not cleft;
calyptra short cucullate. Tufts blackish green when dry. Stem
about 8 centim. long. — Submerged stones and logs r. Amer.
U. S.: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.

Fam. 20. Splachnacee.
77. Splachnum L.
I. Umbracularia. Apophysis open umbraculiform very large.

Leaves from round-oval base abruptly long-acuminate.

ll. Ampullaria. Apophysis inflated not open, very much
broader than capsule; pedicel reddish.
ITI. Pseudo-Haplodon. Neck solid, not much broader or
sometimes a little narrower than capsule; pedicel yellowish.

I. Umbracularia C. Mueller.
1.8.rubrum Montin.

Capsule brown; apophysis campanulate purplish red; pedicel
red. Leaves us. denticulate all around. — On dung in peat-
bogs in northern districts r. Hur. Sweden! Amer, Can.: Hay,
com. Macoun.
2.8.luteum Montin.

Capsule pale brown; apophysis yellow campanulate finally
plane; pedicel orange. Leaves often nearly entire. — North.
distr. r. Hur. Sweden! Amer. Alaska: Dawson, com. Macoun.
»Can.: Drummond»: Macoun.
3.8.melanocaulon (Wablenberg as. var.) Schwegrichen.

Capsule and pedicel brownish; apophysis pale yellow soon
becoming plane. — Very r. Eur. »Lapland»: Wahlenb, Amer.
»Can.: Rocky mts»: Macoun and Mitten.

Ul. Ampullaria C. Mueller.
4.S.ampullaceum L.

Capsule with piriform reddish yellow finally lilac apophysis;
pedicel often very long. Leaves more or less narrow often
subulate-acuminate; the upper serrate shorter. Sometimes mon-
oecious. — In humid pasturages less r. Eur. Sweden not r.!
France: Du Noday. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.:
Henderson, com. Cardot.
5.S.vasculosum L.

Capsule with globose purplish finally blackish red apophysis;
pedicel not much long. Leaves broad gen. suboval with broad
short obtuse acumen, r. denticulate; the lower broader, —

— 173 —

Peat-bogs in northern alps r. Hur. Sweden, Norway! ScotL.:
Rogers. Finl.: Lindberg. Amer. »Can.: Drummond»: C. M. »Sitka»:
Lesq. et Jam. »Greenl.»: Berggren.

III. Pseudo-Haplodon Kindb.
6.S.sphericum L. fil. — »S. pedundulatum Hudson»: Lindb.

Capsule with reddish yellow finally blackish (globose, ovoid
or piriform) neck; pedicel often very long, sometimes very short.
Leaves subulate-acuminate gen. oblong sometimes denticulate;
the lower very much smaller. —- Princ. in northern alps. Eur.
Norway not r.! Austria: Venturi. Amer. Can.: Drummond;
Macoun,

78. Haplodon (R. Brown, Lindb. as subg.) Kindb. n. genus.
1.H.Wormskioldii Hornemann. Splachnum Horn.

Leaves entire from subovate base abruptly acuminate. Cap-
sule small reddish finally blackish, shorter than the small
suboval neck and scarcely narrower or sometimes broader when
dry; pedicel pale yellow setaceous 1—8 c. m. long. Tufts
high dense. — Northern prince. arctic districts (us. on dead
lemmings) r. Hur. Norway! Spetsbergen: Berggren. Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Breutel; Berggren.

79. Tetraplodon Bruch et Schimper.

A. Leaves long narrow gradually subulate-acuminate us.
dentate or denticulate. Pedicel thin not much emerging above
the tufts.
1.T.angustatus L. fil. — Splachnum L. fil.; Tetraplodon B. 8.

Capsule greenish finally pale brown or yellow, much shorter
than neck; pedicel pale setaceous. Leaves gen. denticulate
above; costa long-excurrent. Tufts dense often high. — Dung
and rotten animals princ. in alps, r. Hur. Norway! Sweden:
M. Huss. Austria: Husnot M. G. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.
2.T.australis Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m.

Capsule finally brown scarcely shorter, in dry state broader,
than neck; pedicel brownish capillary. Leaves very narrow
sometimes fimbriate, r. nearly entire; costa gen. percurrent, in
uppermost leaves often excurrent. Tufts low less dense. —
Amer. ry. U. S.: Austin, com. Mrs Britton. »Can.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves broad entire abruptly narrowed. Pedicel subfili-
form somewhat thick and exserted above the very compact tufts.
3.T.mnioides L. fil. — Splachnum L. fil.; Tetraplodon B. S.

Capsule green-yellow or pale red finally red; neck red-rufous
much longer; pedicel reddish often long. Leaves suboblong;

— 174 —

costa excurrent. — Dung and rotten animals princ. lemmings.
Eur. Norway not r.! Sweden: M. Huss. Amer. Greenl.: Berg-
gren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

4.T.ureeolatus Bridel. — Splachnum Brid.; Tetraplodon B.S.

Capsule brownish not shorter than the blackish neck; pedicel
yellow about 1 c. m. long. Leaves suboval apiculate; costa
not distinctly confluent with the point. — Alp. region r. Eur.
Austria: Schimper; Breidler. Switzerl.: Muehlenbeck, com. Hus-
not. Amer. Can.: Drummond, com. Macoun.

80. Dissoden Greville et Arnott.

A. Leaves distant. Capsule with properistome; pedicel se-
taceous very long. Spores about 0,03 m. m.
1.D.splachnoides Thunberg. -- Weisia Th.; Dissodon Gr. et Arn.

Leaves sublingulate r. denticulate above. Capsule brown
roundish finally dilated at mouth, gen. shorter than neck. Tufts
sometimes high. — Bogs in alps, r. in lower regions, r. Eur.
Norway! Sweden: Thedenius. Scotl.: Manchester Cryptog. Soc.
Amer, Can.: “Macoun.

B. Leaves crowded entire. Capsule without properistome;
pedicel thickish not long. Spores about 0,04 m. m:
2.D.Froelichii Hedwig. —- Splachnum H.; Dissodon G. et A.
‘ Leaves suboblong. Capsule reddish oval not shorter than
neck; pedicel about 1,5 c. m. long. — Earth and rocks in alp.
regions r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Schimper; H. Forssell. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.
3.D.Hornschuchii Greville et Arnott.

Leaves suboval. Capsule pale brown suboblong shorter than
neck; pedicel about 0,5 c. m. long. Stem very short. — Earth
on alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. Amer.
oU. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

81. Tayloria Hooker.

A. Leaves with excurrent costa. Peristomial teeth not cleft.
1.T.Rudolphi Hornschuch. — Eremodon Hsch.; Tayloria Br. eur.

Leaves sublingulate short-acuminate. Capsule yellowish oblong
longer than the narrow neck; teeth pale yellow loosely appres-
sed to capsule or erect when dry; lid conic; pedicel thick yello-
wish. Tufts high. — On treesr. Hur. Austria: Schimper; Reuter.

B. Costa of leaves not excurrent.

a. Peristomial teeth entire appressed to capsule when dry.
2.T.serrata Hedwig. — Splachnum H.; Tayloria B. S.

Leaves obovate or suboblong short-acuminate acute. Capsule
suboblong yellowish brown not much thicker than neck when

— 175 —

dry; teeth yellowish brown loosely appressed when dry; lid
convex; pedicel somewhat thick. —~ In bogs or on base of trees.
Eur. not ry. in southern alps. Switzerl.! Austria: Schimper. Amer.
Can.: J. Macoun; Moser. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

3.T.tenuis Dickson. — Splachnum Dicks.; Tayloria Schimper.
Differs from the last: Capsule shorter, brownish, suboval or
finally subglobose and much thicker than neck when dry; teeth
blackish brown strongly appressed when dry; pedicel thinner.
— Turfy soil princ. in northern distr., r. Hur. Norway! Swe-
den!; E. Adlerz; A. Grape. Switzerl.:; Schimper. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.
b. Peristomial teeth soon partite, deflexed or patent, very
hygroscopic.
4,T.splachnoides Schleicher. — Hookeria Sch].; Tayloria Hooker.
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate us. short-acuminate. Cap-
sule us. oblong-cylindric; neck much narrower but. us. not
longer; columella often long-exserted; teeth dark red; lid us.

conic often rostellate; pedicel thin. — Peat-bogs or wet earth
on rocks in alps r. — Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Allen, com.
Macoun.

*T.acuminata (Huebener as var.) Hornschuch.

Leaves long-acuminate. Capsule suboval often shorter than
neck; columella not exserted; lid sometimes convex. — Bogs
in alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond n.
47; Waghorne in herb. C. M.

82. Oedipodium Schwegrichen.
1.0e.Griffithii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks. Oedipodium Schw.

Leaves obovate not recurved, often with sinuous borders.
Capsule subglobose orange-brown; lid subconvex; columella not
exserted; neck 1--2 c. m. long. Stem often with obovate
axillary buds — Crevices of rocks and wet peaty soil in alps
r. Eur. Scotl.: H. Boswell; T. Rogers. Sweden and Norway:
EK. Nyman. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren.

Fam. 21. Dicranacee.
83. Octoblepharum Hedwig.
1.0.albidum Hedwig.

Leaves patent from short broad base abruptly narrowed to
the slightly channelled linear short-acuminate near apex serrate
acumen; outer basal cells rhomboidal hyaline, the others some-
what dusky subquadrate. Capsule small oval long-rostrate.

— 176 —

Tufts us. not high. Monoecious. — On trees in tropical di-
stricts. Amer. U. S., Florida: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld.
84. Leucobryum Hampe.

A. Leaves thick entire; marginal cells gen. short-rectangular,
the lowest longer.
1.L.glaueum L. — Bryum L.; Leucobryum Schimper.

Leaves from oval-oblong concave or channelled base gradually
tapering to a longer sublinear channelled or subconvolute acu-
men, not appressed when dry, patent when moist. Capsule
oblong-cylindric often arcuate, more or less distinctly strumose,
sulcate when dry. Plants glaucous green or whitish. Dioecious
x. fruiting. — Wet heaths and woods common. Hur. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Wetherby.
2.L.minus Sullivant; Bescherelle.

Differs from the last: Upper leaves very much smaller and
shorter with broad-oval base and not longer acumen, appressed
when dry with patent points, suberect when moist. Capsule
small suboval. Plants whitish. -- Princ. on rotten wet logs
r. Amer. U. S.: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld; Langlois and Sawyer,
com. Cardot. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.

B. Leaves thin sinuolate; marginal cells long-rectangular.
3.L.Leanum Sullivant.— Campylopus Snull. ic. m.; Leucobryum
Kindb.

Leaves from narrowly oblong base tapering to a subulate
near apex sinuolate, channelled or convolute acumen, erect-
patent. Stem often with head-like shoots; their leaves small
oval-oblong or linear. Tufts low glaucous or whitish. Cap-
sules unknown. — Decayed logs r. Amer. U. 8.: Purpus, com.
Cardot.

85. Distichium Bruch et Schimper.
1.D.capillaceum Swartz. — Mnium Sw.; Distichium B. S.

Nearly all leaves long-pointed; perichetial also abruptly nar-
rowed. Capsule reddish subevlindrie or oblong gen. erect; teeth
pale red. Tufts glossy. — Rocks prince. of limestone. Eur.
nearly common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne.
2.D.inclinatum Ehrhart. — Swartzia E.; Distichium B. S.

Lower leaves with shorter point; perichetial more gradually
acuminate. Capsule suboval finally red-brown, more or less
inclined; teeth red. Tufts less or not glossy. — Rocks prince.
in alp. and northern districts. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.!
France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

— 177

86. Aongstroemia Bruch et Schimper.
1.Ao.longipes Sommerfelt. — Weisia Somf; Aongstroemia

Leaves ovate-oblong entire not recurved, very small, appres-
sed when dry: upper acuminate sheathing; costa not percurrent.
Capsule ovoid smooth erect; lid rostellate; teeth red below,
yellow above, sometimes not cleft; pedicel about 1 c. m., stem
shorter. Tufts loose. Male flowers discoid. Dioecious. —
Earth prince. on old roads in alps r. Hur. Norway! Sweden
below alps: J. Persson. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

87. Trematodon Michaux.
I. Eu-Trematodon. Capsule subcylindric; neck long abruptly
narrowed; tceth long with prominent basal tube; pedicel long.
II. Pseudo-Bruchia. Capsule rourd-oval when ripe; neck
short gradually narrowed; teeth short broad without prominent
tube; pedicel short.
I, Eu-Trematodon.

A. Capsule not much shorter than neck. Leaves entire;

costa long-excurrent.

1.T.ambiguus Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Trematodon Horn-
schuch.

Leaves from ovate or ovate-oblong not truncate base abruptly
narrowed to a subulate in upper part by costa filled acumen.
Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate; costa more or less ex-
current often denticulate at apex. Peristomial teeth red us.
cleft. -— Wet sand or peat-bogs prine. in northern distr. Hur.
Sweden not r.!; Miss O. Cron. Norway: W. Baur. Germany:
Huebner. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
2.T.acicularis Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves broadly suboval truncate above, pointed by costa;
perichetial nearly similar but larger and longer. Peristomial
teeth orarge split in middle; basal tube red. — Bogs r. Amer.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Capsule with twice longer neck. Leaves often denticu-
late; costa not or scarcely excurrent.

3.T longicollis Michaux.

Leaves narrow gradually subulate; perichetial nearly similar.
Peristomial teeth pale red often entire. — Moist clay or sandy
soil. Eur. y. Italy: Gendano, com. Husnot (a var. with entire
leaves). Amer. not r. in southern distr. U. 8.: Sullivant, com,
C. Mueller.

= TIS

II. Pseudo-Bruchia Kindb.
4.T.brevicollis Hornschuch.

Leaves concave subovate short-acuminate very small, nearly
appressed when dry; costa not or scarcely excurrent. Periche-
tial leaves ovate-oblong more distinctly acuminate. Peristomial
teeth red entire or faintly perforate. Stem very short. Tufts
small dark green. — Earth and rocks in alp. regions r. Eur.
Norway! Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren.

88. Ditrichum Timm.

A. Leaves sheathing; costa rough at back.
I. Trichodon. Dioecious.

B. Leaves not sheathing; costa smooth. Perichetial leaves
not (exc. D. vaginans and D. homomallum) sheathing.

II. Swlania. Leaves carinate often covered with a glaucous
meal. Monoecious.
IU. Leptotrichum. Leaves not carinate. Often dioecious.

1. Xanthopodia. Pedicel of capsule yellow. Leaves long-
subulate; costa long-excurrent. Monoccious or paroccious,

2. Erythropodia. Pedicel finally red._Leaves often short-
subulate. Dioecious. :

I. Trichodon Schimper.
1.D.tenuifolium Schrader. — Trichostomum Schrad.; Ditri-
chum Lindberg; Trichodon cylindricus Schimper.

Leaves abruptly narrowed to a long subulate-setaceous den-
ticulate by the long-excurrent costa nearly filled point, curled
or patent when dry; cells narrow-rectangular. Capsule smooth
narrow-cylindric curved when young; teeth red papillose arti-
culate; pedicel long yellowish or pale red. Tufts low not to-
mentose. — Wet sand prince. in alps. Eur. Norway, Sweden,
Switzer].! Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.D.oblongum Lindberg. — Trichodon Lindb. in K. W. A. Foer-
handl. (Roy. Acad. in Stockholm) 1864; Ditrichum Kindb.

Leaves abruptly narrowed to the entire or indistinctly den-
ticulate not long acumen, which in upper part is filled by the
short-excurrent costa, not or faintly flexuous; cells short-rect-
angular at least the upper; pedicel red short; »peristomial teeth
pale brown hyaline smooth indistinctly articulates: Lindb. 1. ec.
Tufts dense but not tomentose, about 3c. m. high when barren,
lower when fertile. — On earth in arctic districts r. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren. Eur. Spetsbergen; R. Gyllencreutz. — The
barren specimens are resembling Ceratodon purpureus, but leaves
not are revolute; in fertile ones from Spetsbergen few capsules
are evolute (but unripe), their lids very short obtuse,

— 179 —

Il. Selania Lindberg.
3.D.glaucescens Hedwig. — Trichostomum Hedw.; Ditrichum
Hampe; Leptotrichum Hampe; Schimper; Selania cesia Lindb.;
Ditrichum montanum Leiberg bull. Torr. club 1893.

Leaves sublinear or narrowly ovate-lanceolate acute serrulate
above, patent when dry; cells gen. short-rectangular or quadrate;
costa percurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric straight sulcate when
dry; teeth purple, remotely nodose above; pedicel yellowish red.
Tufts not high. — Earth on rocks prince. in alps not r. Eur.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi. Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun, Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

III. Leptotrichum Hampe; Schimper.
1. Xanthopodia.

A. Leaves gradually narrowed from ovate or lanceolate base,
denticulate above.
4.D.pallidum Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Ditrichum Hampe.

Leaves often denticulate to middle; upper cells long linear;
upper basal cells suboblong; costa broad not well-defined. Cap-
sule suboblong; annulus revoluble; lid rostellate; pedicel often
very long. Tufts low and glossy. — Rocks and stone-walls
gen. r. Eur. prince. in southern districts. Switzerl.! Germany:
Herpell. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Sawyer,
com. Cardot.
5.D.Schimperi Lesquerenx. — Leptotrichum Lesq.; Sulliv. icon.
muscor.; Ditrichum Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and nearly entire; costa
narrower. Capsule smaller and less sulcate; pedicel less long;
teeth indistinctly articulate; peristomial tube orange more distinct,
spores much larger. — Wet earth and rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Bolender, com. Renauld;
Howell, com. Cardot.

*D.flexifolium Renauld et Cardot. — Trichodon Ren. et C.;
Ditrichum Kindb.

Leaves less long and more flexuous; upper cells shorter. Tufts
green. Capsules unknown. — Sandy soil r. Amer. U. 8.: Sa-
wyer, com. Cardot.

»Ditrichum Breidleri Limpricht (plant hybrid ?) —- Agrees
with D. pallidum in shape of leaves and in yellow pedicel.
Differs from it: Plants scarcely 4 m. m. high, stem 1 m. m.
Capsule oval not striate; lid obtuse subpersistent; teeth short
small brittle; annulus not distinct; pedicel thick not much ex-
serted above upper leaves. — On wet earth. Hur. Austria, in

== TSA: ==

few specimens together with Ditrichum pallidum and Pleuridium
palustre: Breidler»>: Limpricht Laubm. Deutechl.

B. Leaves entire abruptly narrowed from ovate base.
6.D.subulatum Bruch. — Leptotrichum Bruch; Ditrichum Lindb.

Leaves otherwise as in D. pallidum. Capsule smaller, suboval
faintly suleate; annulus none; pedicel not long. — Clayey places
on rocks r. Zur. southern districts. France: Philibert. Italy:
Bottini; Arcangeli.

2. Erythropodia.

A. Tufts very tomentose, us. high and glossy. Leaves
gen. large; alar cells sometimes distinct subquadrate; costa long-
excurrent.
7.D.flexicaule Schleicher. — Didvmodon Schl.; Ditrichum Hampe.

Leaves long-subulate often denticulate, not appressed; cells
irregular gen. narrow: basal shorter often reddish; costa often
broad. Capsule brown. R. fruiting. — Rocks and stony ground,
‘common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Austria, fruit.: Ven-
turi. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

*D.densum (Schimper as var.) Kindb.

Leaves shorter and less patent; cells gen. short, upper suboval.
Tufts more dense and less glossy. — Eur. prince. in northern
districts. Sweden common, often fruiting!; M. Huss. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

B. Tufts not or sparingly radiculose, us. low and not glossy.
Leaves gen. not large; alar cells not distinct.

a. Leaf-cells gen. narrow, rectangular.

aa. Perichetial leaves sheathing. Peristome without basal
tube.
8.D.vaginans Sullivant. — Trichostomum Sull. ic. m.; Ditri-
‘chum Hampe.

Leaves from ovate base gradually short-subulate or acute,
entire or nearly so, appressed when dry, erect when moist;
cells narrow; costa percurrent or short-excurrent Tufts eradi-
culose not glossy, 1 or r. 2 c. m. high. — Earth and wet
rocks r. Eur. Norway: Geheeb, com. C. Mueller. Belgium:
Gravet. France: Lamy, com. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
9.D.homomallum Hedwig. — Didymodon Hedw.; Ditrichum
Hampe.

Leaves (at least on fruiting stem) long subulate gen. entire,
us patent; cells gen. narrow; costa (at least on leaves of fruit.
stem) long-excurent. Tufts us. low. Sterile shoots often
short-subulate with subpercurrent costa. -— Sandy ground prine.

— 181 —

in subalp. districts. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Germany,
Switzerl.!' Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. 1. Can.: Drummond. U. S.:
Roell.
*D.zonatum Bridel. — Weisia Brid.; Ditrichum Limpricht.
Leaves acute or short-subulate, appressed when dry, suberect
when moist; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts dense
but sparingly radiculose, sometimes 8—4 c. m. high. Capsules
unknown. — Rocks in alp. region r. Hur. Germany: Limpricht.
Austria: Breidler. Sweden: E. Nyman. Norway: Kaurin.
bb. Perichetial leaves not sheathing. Peristome with distinct
basal tube.
10.D.tortile Gmelin. — Mnium Gm.; Ditrichum Lindb.
Leaves gen. somewhat long-subulate and not or sparingly
denticulate, sometimes slightly recurved, us. not appressed when
dry; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts eradiculose. —
Sandy places also in alps. Hur. Sweden, Switzerl.! France:
Husnot m. gall. Amer, Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
*D.pusillum Hedwig. — Trichostomum H.; Ditrichum Timm.
Stem lower; leaves shorter and less patent; costa scarcely

excurrent. — Eur. not r. Sweden: M. Huss. France: Husnot
m. gall. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.
*D.nivale C. Mueller. — Leptotrichum C. M.; Ditrichum
Limpricht.

Leaves appressed when dry, suberect when moist; costa
fainter, excurrent in upper leaves. Capsule smaller. — Alp.

rocks r. Hur. Austria: Berggren, com. Groenwall.

b. Leaf-cells round-quadrate. Capsules unknown.
11.D.elatum Kindb. n. sp. — Leptotrichum flexicaule *brevi-
folium Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves small gen. entire, from short base abruptly tapering
to the not much longer acute or subulate acumen, appressed
when dry, patent when moist; costa percurrent. Tufts loose
eradiculose not glossy, to 6 ¢. m. high. — Alp. rocks vr. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.
12.D.Macounii C. M. et Kindb. — Distichium C. M. et K. 1.
c.; Ditrichum Kindb

Leaves small sometimes denticulate at apex, from short base
abruptly tapering to a longer subulate acumen, faintly appressed
when dry; costa percurrent. Tufts dense, radiculose below,
2—3 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r, Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: J.
Macoun.

— 182 —

89. Cynodontium Schimper.
I. Eu-Cynodontium. Capsule striate; teeth long persistent.
Leaves carinate much recurved.
Il. Oreoweisia. Capsule smooth; teeth short brittle. Leaves
carinate faintly recurved near base.
Ill. Pseudo-Philonotis. Leaves concave not recurved. Stem
julaceous. Capsule unknown.

I. Eu-Cynodontium.

A. Leaves strongly mamillose on both sides, broadly acu-
minate gen. obtusate at apex; alar cells indistinct. Capsule
(exc. C. strumulosum) not annulate.

a. Capsule costate; teeth papillose. Leaves long large.
L.C.gracilescens Schimper syn. — Oncophorus Lindb.; Braith-
waite brit. mossfl. in part.

Leaves gen. acute, perichetial with long linear acumen. Cap-
sule oval-oblong or finally cylindric, often inclined or subobli-
que; pedicel straight. -- Rocks prince. in alps r. Eur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi. Amer. »Greenl.»: Lange
Greenl. fl. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
2.C.eirratum Hornschuch. — Campylopus Hsch.; Brid.; Cyno-
dontium Kindb; Oncophorus Lindb.

Leaves gen. obtuse, inner perichetial short-apiculate. Cap-
sule oval with dark red stripes; pedicel arcuate in younger state
when moistened. — Rocks prince. in alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Capsule small faintly striate; teeth smooth; pedicel short
straight. Leaves small short.
3.C.schisti Wahlenberg. — Weisia Wng; Cynodontium Lindb.

Leaves denticulate gen. acute or short-acuminate, perichetial
longer acuminate. Capsule round-oval symmetric; teeth us. not
cleft. Habit of Rhabdoweisia. — Rocks in northern districts
gen. r. Hur. Sweden less r., Norway! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.
4.C.alpestre Wahlenberg. — Dicranum Wng; Cynodontium
Lindb.

Leaves denticulate also below middle, very small gen. obtuse;
perichetial short-acuminate. Capsule oval symmetric very small;
teeth cleft. Tufts very low — Rocks in northern alps r. Eur.
Norway! »Sweden»: Wahlenb. Amer. »Greenl.: Vahl»: Lange.
5.C.strumulosum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves crenulate above, somewhat longer than in the last:
lower gen. acute, upper obtuse; perichetial somewhat long-

-~ 183 —

acuminate. Capsule oblique subobovate gen. strumose; annulus
distinct; teeth cleft. Stem higher than in the last. — Lime-
stone rocks r, Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

B. Leaves faintly mamillose and subulate-acuminate; alar
cells us. distinct; costa nearly smooth at back. Capsule us.
annulate; teeth cleft.

a. Capsule strumose somewhat large.
6.C.strumiferum Ehrhart. — Dicranum E.; Cynodontium Notaris.

Leaves long denticulate above; perichetial with subulate acu-
men. Capsule suboblong oblique; teeth papillose reddish or
orange; pedicel long. Tufts somewhat high. — On rocks r. on
trees, prince. in northern districts. Hur. Sweden common, Nor-
way, Switzerl.! »Hngl. r.»: Braithwaite. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne.

b. Capsule not strumose gen. not large.
7.C.polyearpum Ehbrhart. — Dicranum E.; Cynodontium Schimper.

Leaves more or less denticulate us. long. Capsule us. finally
subeylindric and sulcate, less often oblique; teeth as in the
last; pedicel us. not long and often thin. Tufts more or less
radiculose. — Rocks not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!
Finl.: Lindberg. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond; Waghorne.
Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

* C.torquescens Bruch. — Dicranum Bruch; Cynodontium Lim-
pricht; Oncophorus polycarpus *nigricans Kindb. Laubm. Schwed.
u. Norw.

Leaves less long and often nearly smooth, gen. subobtuse
and faintly denticulate. Capsule erect symmetric faintly striate,
often small; annulus not revoluble. Tufts often low and blackish
below. Habit of C. Bruntoni. — Rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: A. Schmidt.

* C.fallax Limpricht.

Leaves long acute denticulate also below middle, distinctly
mamillose. Capsule erect symmetric faintly striate; annulus
not revoluble. Tufts us. green and somewhat high. — Rocks.
Eur. Norway! Sweden: E. Jeederholm. Amer. r. Can.: Waghorne.
8.C.subalpestre Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from C. polycarpum: Leaves sroaller nearly pellucid,
reflexed only at one border, gen. smooth and entire. Capsule
small not distinctly annulate; pedicel scarcely 1 c. m. long.
Stem eradiculose very short. — Amer. r. Can.: Drummond n.
103, com. Macoun.

—- 184 —

IL, Oreoweisia Schimper.
A. Leaves long gradually long-subulate, crisped when dry.
9.C.Bruntoni Smith. — Dicranum Sm.; Cynodontium Br. eur.
Leaves recurved near base, distantly denticulate-sinuolate at
acumen; basal cells hyaline not much wider than the others.
Capsule suboblong pale brown; annulus persistent. Tufts yello-

wish green us, subpulvinate. Monoecious. — Rocks. Eur. not
r. Sweden, Switzerl.! Corsica: Levier. France: Schimper.
10.C.robustum Venturi. — Dicranoweisia Vent. revue bryol.

1882; Cynodontium Kindb.

»Doubly or triply larger than the last. Differs in leaves
smooth; capsule ovate; tufts 3—4 c. m. high or higher, fuscous
below, yellowish above. — Eur. Portugal»: Venturi.

B. Leaves short broad: upper crisped, lower nearly spirally
twisted about stem (as in Anoectangium) when dry.
11.€.serrulatum Funck. — Weisia Funck; Cynodontium Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or sublinear, short-acuminate
subacute, not or (at one side) faintly recurved, strongly mamil-
lose, in upper part densely mamillose-serrulate; upper cells
small dusky, the basal pellucid rectangular; costa subpercurrent,
serrulate at back. Capsule small suboval rostellate; pedicel
short not much exserted above the tufts. Monoecious. — Rocks
in alp. region r. Eur. Austria: Breidler. Amer. »U. 8. and
Alaska»: Lesq. et Jam.
12.C.obtusatum Kindb. — Oreoweisia Kindb. rev. bryol.
1896; O. serrulata var. tenuior C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m,

Leaves obtuse broader and shorter than in the last, subovate
not acuminate, strongly recurved below, very mamillose, densely
mamillose-serrulate above; basal cells mostly short, gen. not
pellucid; costa percurrent. Tufts very tomentose to the short
green tops. Capsules and flowers unknown. Differs from the
resembling Dichodontium pellucidum *fagimontanum in smaller
and shorter not sheathing leaves, nearly spirally twisted about
stem, not or (the uppermost) r. crisped. Resembles also Anoec-
tangium. — Damp rocks r, Amer. Can: Macoun.

ILI. Pseudo-Philonotis Kindb.
13.C.boreale Hagen and Limpricht. — Philonotis fontana var.
borealis Hagen; Ph. borealis Limpricht; Cynodontium Kindb.

Leaves small subovate short-acuminate acute; cells subqua-
drate (or the basal short-rectangular) larger than in other spe-
cies and more or less pellucicd; costa percurrent serrulate at
back. Lower leaves smooth pellucid nearly entire, sometimes

— 185 —

decurrent. Upper leaves densely mamillose-serrulate nearly all
around. Tufts high compact tomentose, green above. — Swamps
in higher alp. region r. Zur. Norway in Galdhoe 1800 metr.

s.: I. Hagen.

90. Dichodontium Schimper.

A. Leaves obtuse or subacute at apex: perichetial similar
but more distinctly sheathing. Male plants in separate tufts;
perigonial leaves with percurrent costa.
1.D.pellucidum L. — Bryum L.; Dichodontium Schimp.

Leaves channelled from suboblong. base sublinear or sometimes
ovate-oblong, undulate and scarcely reflexed, us. nearly crowded;
inner basal cells narrow hyaline, the others quadrate; costa per-
current. Capsule oblique inclined; teeth purplish below, orange
above; lid rostellate; pedicel long yellowish or pale red. Tufts
dark or brown green. Dioecious. Leaves very variable in size.
— Wet rocks not uncommon. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Engl.:
Holt. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. ‘Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

*D.fagimontanum (Bridel as var.) Kindb. as subsp.

Leaves small subovate-oblong nearly. entire: perichetial longer
acuminate. Capsule smaller; pedicel short reddish. — Rocks
r. Hur. Switzerl.! Engl.: Rogers; Cunliffe. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Drummond.
2.D.flavescens Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dichodontium Lindb,

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and more serrate, less
mamillose, distant. Capsule subsymmetric or symmetric, not
or faintly inclined; teeth orange. Tufts. not or sparingly radi-
culose, bright green or green. Very r. fruiting. — Wet often
submerged rocks r. Eur. Norway fruiting, Germany! Sweden
fruit: P. Olsson. France fruit.: Lamy, com. Husnot. _ Amer.
Can. fruit.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

B. ‘Leaves acute at apex; the perichetial much aie rents
Male plants mixed with fertile; perigonial leaves with. not. per-
current costa.
3.D.subflavescens Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59.

Leaves channelled from suboblong base tapering to an atte-
nuate acumen, serrate. often to below middle, long distant nearly.
smooth; cells and costa as in the last. Capsule symmetric.
erect; teeth dark purplish; pedicel long pale red. Perichetial
leaves narrower than the others, long-acuminate and gen. subu-
late, in upper part of acumen nearly filled by the percurrent
or excurrent costa. Perigonial leaves large. long-acuminate.

13

— 186 —

leaves of male plants sometimes obtuse. Tufts very tomen-
tose to the green tops, often high. — Wet rocks r. Amer,

Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell; Henderson, com. Cardot.

»Dichodontium olympicum Renauld et Cardot (ined.). Leaves very
papillose, minutely denticulate nearly all around; capsule strumose.
— U. 8. Wash.: Henderson»: Cardot in Musci Amer. sept. — Speci-
mens not seen.

91. Dicranum Hedwig.

A. Capsule straight (in D. hyperboreum faintly oblique) not
strumose. Leaves not undulate; cells gen. not porose.

a. Monoecious. Leaves. entire us. small. Pedicel of cap-
sule not long. Stem gen. without rhizoids above base.
I. Arctoa. Leaves channelled; alar cells us. distinct; costa
narrow more or less excurrent. Capsule not large; teeth often
spreading when dry; pedicel short-emergent.
Il. Metzleria. Leaves convolute above; alar cells not well-
detined; costa very broad long-excurrent. Capsule small; teeth
not spreading; pedicel exserted. Plants small.

b. Dioecious. Leaves sometimes denticulate us. large. Pe-
dicel of capsule long. Stem radiculose also above base.

aa. Leaves with narrow or not very broad costa; alar cells
persistent.
Il. Orthodicranum. Leaves channelled or convolute above;
upper cells subquadrate. Pedicel of capsule straight; peristomial
teeth cleft. Tufts us. green.

bb. Leaves with very broad long-excurrent costa.
IV. Paraleucobryum. Leaves subconvolute above, persistent;
alar cells persistent us. brown, the others few short-rectangular;
costa thick formed by 8 layers as in Leucobryum glaucum, middle
layer consisting by small green cells. Pedicel of capsule straight;
teeth often partite. Tufts whitish green. Calyptra very long.
V. Pseudo-Campylopus. Leaves channelled persistent; alar
cells persistent brown, the others numerous rectangular; costa
not thick. Pedicel of capsule straight; teeth cleft. Tufts green
or brownish.
VI. Dicranodontium. Leaves channelled soon deciduous; alar
cells fugitive pale, the others numerous rectangular; costa not
thick. Pedicel of capsule arcuate; teeth often partite. Tufts
green or brownish.

B. Capsule curved or oblique sometimes strumose. Leaves
often undulate when dry; cells often porose.
VI. Eu-Dicranum. Peristomial teeth cleft. Leaves with
narrow or not much broad costa.

— 187 —

a. Monoecious. Stem gen. without rhizoids above base.
Leaves not undulate. Capsule often strumose.

1. Faleatiformia. Leaves channelled not large, flexuous or fal-
cate; costa us. long-excurrent. Capsule not large. Plants not robust.

2. Molliformia. Leaves large convolute above, nearly straight;
costa not or slightly excurrent. Capsule large. Plants robust.

b. Dioecious. Stem us. tomentose. Leaves sometimes un-
dulate. Capsule not strumose.

aa. Leaves carinate above.

3. Carinatifolia. Leaves gen. broad at base, often undu-
late; costa subpercurrent.

bb. Leaves channelled at least below, not carinate above.

4. Secopariiformia. Leaves not distinctly convolute above,
broad at base, not long-subulate, sometimes undulate; costa r.
excurrent.

5. Fuscescentiformia. Leaves not distinctly convolute,
narrow gen. long-subulate, not undulate; costa often excurrent.

6. Convolutifolia. Leaves convolute above, not undulate,
broad or narrow; costa not r. excurrent.

I. Arctoa Bruch et Schimper.
1.D.fulvellum Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranum Smith.

Leaves us. flexuous or falcate, sometimes nearly straight;
alar cells not well-defined, the others gen. long; costa often denti-
culate above. Capsule small straight strangulate not or faintly
striate; teeth spreading when dry. Tufts us. yellowish. — Rocks
in alp. region r. Hur. Norway! Spetsbergen: Berggren. Sweden,
in Lapland (a var. with green shorter leaves and less emergent
capsule: »D. Anderssonii» Wichura): E. Nyman. Amer, U.S.: Roell.
2.D.hyperboreum Gunner.

Leaves flexuous or nearly straight, larger than in the last:
alar cells well-defined; uppermost cells short; costa not or indi-
stinctly denticulate. Capsule somewhat oblique sulcate wide-
mouthed not constricted, larger than in the last; teeth erect.
Tufts blackish or brown when dry. —- Fissures of rocks in
northern alp. regions r. Hur. Norway! »Sweden»: Lindberg.
Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.

II. Metzleria Schimper, as genus.
3.D.alpinum Schimper. — Metzleria Sch.; Dicranum Kindb.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong somewhat flexuous; cells rect-
angular: outer basal narrower; costa smooth. Capsule oblong-
oval not sulcate; calyptra long. Tufts pale brown. Resembling
a small D. albicans or a Dicranella. — Rocks in alp. region

— 188 —

r. Eur. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. Norway: Kaalaas,
com. HE. Nyman.
Ill. Orthodicranum C. Mueller.

A. Leaves brittle and channelled.

a. Leaves not subulate-acuminate; costa long-excurrent. .
4.D.falvum Hooker.

Leaves denticulate above, crisped when dry; cells gen. short;
costa somewhat broad Capsule striate. Tufts us. brown-yellow.
R. fruiting. — Rocks princ. of sandstone in woods in lower
regions. Eur. princ. in southern distr. not r. Switzerl.! France:
Husnot. Sweden: Berggren. Norway: E. Nyman. Amer. not
r. Can.: Macoun.
5.D.viride Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Campylopus Sull. et
Lesq.; Dicranum Bruch et Sch.; D. subfulvum Ren. et Card. ?

Leaves entire or r. near apex denticulate, us. not crisped or
sometimes nearly straight; cells short or the lowest long; costa
gen. less broad. Tufts us. green. Very r. fruiting. »Capsule not
striate»: Schimper. — Us. on trees r. on rocks. Eur. r. Switzerl.!
France: Husnot. Sweden: P. Larsson. Norway: Bryhn. Amer.
Can. eastern districts: Macoun; Moser.
6.D.strictum Schleicher.

Leaves entire nearly straight; lower (inner) cells long, the
uppermost short-rectangular; costa narrow. Capsule not striate.
Tufts pale or vellowish green. R. fruit. in Europe. — Trees
or decayed trunks. Eur. r. Sweden 1852! Austria: Breidler, com.
Warnstorf. Amer. less r. princ. in Pacif. distr. Can.: J. Macoun
(fruit.). Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

b. Leaves long-subulate; costa short-excurrent or percurrent.
7.D.subulifolium Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves entire, flexuous when dry; cells as in the last; costa
narrow. Tufts pale green. — Logs in woods r. Amer. Can.
Vane. isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. not brittle, us. crisped when dry; lower
cells gen. long; costa narrow.

a. Leaves short-subulate, denticulate to below middle, rough
at back, channelled.
8.D.montanum Hedwig.

Leaves with not excurrent costa. Tufts very dense us. green
often low. — Decayed trunks. Hur. common. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.| Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

b. Leaves long-subulate, nearly entire, not rough at back,
us. convolute above.

~- 189 —

9.D.flagellare Hedwig.

Costa of leaves denticulate at back, not exeummeril Stem
often with flagelle (short brittle branchlets). Tufts us. pale
brown sometimes green. — Decayed trunks not r. Eur. Nor-
way! Sweden: S. O. Lindberg; R. Hartman; 8. Hardin. Amer.
Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Dearness. U. §.: Roell; Green.
10.D.Scottii Turner.

‘Costa of leaves smooth excurrent. Stem not flagelliferous.
Tufts us. brown often high. — Rocks prince. near Atlantic sea
r. Eur. France: Le Jolis. Scotl.: Cash. Irel.: Holt. Denmark:
Jensen.

e. Leaves acute or short-subulate nearly entire, not rough
at back. Capsules unknown.
11.D.miqnelonense Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves short often subconvolute above, appressed when dry,
the uppermost gen. obtusate; nearly all cells short; costa nar-
row, gen. not excurrent. Stem 2—3 c. m. high. — Rocks r.
Amer. Miquelon isl: Delamare, com. Cardot.
12.D.crispatulum (Roell as var., in Hedwigia 1897 p. 42)
Kindberg n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves not or slightly involute above,
crisped or flexuous when dry; lower cells short-rectangular or
longer. Stem about 1 c. m. high. — Amer. yr. U. S. New
Jersey: J. Roell.

IV. Paraleucobryum Lindberg.
13.D.albicans Br. eur. -— D. enerve Thedenius (older ner
Campylopus Hallii Lesq. and C. frigidus Lesq. ? _

Leaves ovate-oblong acute not much shorter than the excur-
rent part of costa, entire or r. faintly denticulate near apex,
straight and appressed or sometimes falcate, rigid but not
brittle; alar cells dilated brown nearly reaching to costa. Cap-
sule smooth erect not large. Stem tomentose, high when sterile,
low when fruiting; such specimens are resembling D. alpinum
or a small Campylopus. Very r. fruit. — Alp. rocks r. Switzerl.
fruiting! Norway! Amer. Can. Brit. Col. fruit.: Macoun.

V. Pseudo-Campylopus Kindb.

A. Lamina of leaves not or scarcely shorter than the ex-
current part of costa; alar cells not reaching to costa Leaves
gen. not rigid; costa gen. not occupying more than the half
of lamina at base.
14.D.longifolium Ehrhart.

Leaves soft nearly entire or faintly denticulate, gradually

— 190 —

acuminate; excurrent part of costa more or Jess serrulate. Peri-
chetial leaves subconvolute abruptly apiculate. Capsule some-
what large; pedicel us. long. Tufts sparingly radiculose us.
green or brown-green. Not r. fruiting. — Rocks and stumps.
Eur. common. Sweden etc.! Amer. not common, Can.: Macoun;
Drummond.

*D.Sauteri Schimper.

Leaves gen. entire; costa occupying about */s of leaf-base,
nearly entire; inner basal cells more numerous. Perichetial
leaves long-subulate. Tufts dense not sparingly radiculose. —
Rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg.
*D.pachytrichum Kindb. cat. Can. m. (as, var.).

Leaves entire brittle; costa occupying about */ of leaf-base,
faintly serrulate above; inner basal cells numerous. Perichetial
leaves exserted convolute short-acuminate. Pedicel of capsule
about 1 centim. long. Tufts brown when dry; stem wholly
tomentose. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Brit. Col. Selkirk mts 1300
metr. a. sea: Macoun.

B. Lamina of leaves much shorter than the excurrent part
of costa; alar cells reaching to it. Leaves rigid; costa very
broad at base. Tufts us. tomentose.
15.D,pachyneuron Molendo. — Campylopus M.; Dicranum Kindb.

Leaves falcate not brittle; awn subulate serrulate. Capsules
unknown. Tufts compact very tomentose. — Alp. rocks r.
Eur. Switzerl.!
16.D.serratum Kindb. (in litt. ad Limpricht 1887).

Leaves brittle more or less curved; awn strongly serrate, its
upper paré sublinear. Capsule as in D. longifolium. Tufts
more or less radiculose us, green. — Rocks r. Hur. Norway
Dovrefjeld etc.! Sweden Dalsland near Rostock!; Uddewalla: P.
Larsson. Germany: Roell.

VI. Dicranodontium Bruch et Schimper.
17.D.longirostre Weber et Mohr. --- Didymodon W. M.; Di-
cranum Kindb.; Didymodon denudatus Lindb.; Dicranodontium
virginicum Britton.

Stem not brittle. Leaves brittle at base and easily deciduous,
gradually tapering to a long-subulate in upper part faintly ger-
rulate acumen, flexuous or falcate; lower cells (above the alar)
gradually narrower from costa to border. Tufts us. yellowish
or green, Not r. fruiting. — Rocks, earth and decayed trunks.
Eur. not r. Spain, Switzerl., Sweden! Norway: R. Hartman.
Austria: Breidler, Amer. r. Can.: Moser,

— 191 —

18.D.asperulum Mitten. — D. virginicum Austin; Dicranodon-
tium aristatum Schimper; D. Millspaughi Britton.

Leaves and stem brittle. Leaves narrower than in the last,
less gradually tapering to the also in lower part serrulate acu-
men, less flexuous or nearly straight when dry; lower cells
(above the alar) dilated nearly uniform. Tufts us. pale brown,
very soft and silky-like. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks r. Eur.
Austria: A. Schmidt. Norway: Wulfsberg, com. P. Olsson. Amer.
U. 8.: com. Cardot.

VII. Eu-Dicranum.
1, Falcatiformia.

A. Capsule suleate when dry.
19.D.Starkei Weber et Mohr. — Oncophorus suecicus Arnell
et Jensen.

Leaves flexuous; alar cells well-defined; uppermost cells short,
the others long or short. Capsule sometimes suberect and less
distinctly strumose. Perichetial leaves subovate us. long-aristate.
Tufts us. green. — Rocks prince. in alps not r. Eur. Norway,
Spain, Switzerl.| Sweden: R. Hartman; Arnell. France: Boulay,
com. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Capsule not sulcate.

a. Leaves distinctly falcate also when dry.
20.D.faleatum Hedwig.

Alar leaf-cells not well-defined; other cells gen. long, the
uppermost short-rectangular. Perichetial leaves subovate often
long-aristate. Tufts often blackish. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Nor-
way, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Scotl.: Rogers. Amer. »U.8.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves flexuous not falcate.

21 D.schisti Gunner. — Bryum Gunn.; Dicranum Lindberg;
D. Blyttii Schimper.

Leaves entire; alar leaf-cells well-defined, the others short at
least the uppermost. Capsule distinctly necked or strumose,
Perichetial leaves oblong short-aristate. Tufts us. blackish
below. — Rocks prince. in alps and northern districts, Hur.
not r. Sweden (also below alps), Norway! Scotl.: Rogers. Spets-
bergen: Berggren. Portugal: Levier, Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
Greenl.: Berggren.
22.D.pumilum Sauter. — Aongstroemia Sauteri C. M.

Leaves sometimes slightly denticulate; cells gen. short, the
alar not much distinct; costa sometimes percurrent. Pedicel of
the indistinctly necked capsule short. Perichetial leaves long-

— 192 —

aristate. Tufts blackish about 0,5 c. m. high or lower. Much
smaller than the last. — Hur. »Austria: Sauter>; C. M. Amer.
Can. Labrador: Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.

2. Molliformia.
23.D.molle Wilson. — D. arcticum Schimper.

Leaf-cells long except the well-defined alar. Capsule not
sulcate; pedicel often long. Perichetial leaves long-aristate.
Tufts dark or yellowish brown. Habit of D. spadiceum. R.
fruiting. —- Wet earth often near rivulets, in higher northern
alp. region, r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: C. Indebetou. Scotl.: T.
Rogers. Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G. Nathorst. Amer.
Alaska: Palmer; J. M. Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

3. Carinatifolia.

A. Costa of leaves strongly serrate at back. Upper leaf-
cells often long.

a. Capsules sulcate us. clustered 3—4 together. Leaves de-
current more or less distinctly undulate when dry.
24.D.undulatum Ehrhart.

Leaves very distinctly undulate- also when moist, strongly
serrate above middle, recurved at one side near base, us. long-
subulate, often nearly straight and spreading when dry; angu-
lar cells diversiform, the alar brown dilated; other cells long
and porose; costa with serrate ridges at back. Inner periche-
tial leaves nerveless. Tufts green. — On ground in woods.
Eur. gen. common (in Great Britain r.. Sweden, Switzerl.|
Amer. common. Can.: Macoun.

*TP).ontariense Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves less spreading, not recurved, strongly serrate only in
upper part of acumen. Capsule solitary. — Amer. Can. r.:
Macoun.
25.D.Drummondii C. Mueller.

Leaves tapering to a long sublinear in upper part serrate
acumen, not recurved, flexuous or crisped when dry, often in-
distinctly undulate; cells very chlorophyllose not porose: lower
angular yellow, alar uniform dilated us. hyaline, other lower
basal long, the others short irregular but the apical often long.
Tufts green or yellowish. — Damp woods and peat-bogs. Amer.
not r. Can.: Macoun; Roell.

b. Capsules solitary r. in pairs. Leaves not decurrent r.
undulate.
26.D.canadense Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVIL.

Leaves narrowed to a long subulate in upper half strongly

— 1938 —

serrate acumen, us. nearly straight, often’ brittle, sometimes
convolute below; alar cells dilated yellow, inner ‘basal hyaline
narrower, other cells long. Perichetial leaves acuminate costate
long-aristate. Capsule sulcate us. solitary. Tufts dark green.
— Earth in woods. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. 8.:
Roell: :

27.D.consobrinum Renauld et Cardot.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, perichetial short-aristate
often emarginate; capsules smooth often in pairs. — Amer. r.
U. 8.: Henry, com. Cardot.

28.D.scopariiforme Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVL

Leaves broadly acuminate or short-subulate, strongly serrate
in upper part of acumen, not brittle, often curved r- undulate;
alar cells brown dilated, the others gen. oblong-oval or narrower,
r. porose; costa with serrate ridges at back. Inner perichetial
leaves nerveless, emarginate or crenulate above. Capsule smooth.
Tufts green. — Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun. U. 8. Mi-
chigan: Purpus, com. Roell.
29.D.camptophyllum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves tapering to a long subulate in upper half strongly
serrate acumen, falcate and not crisped when dry; cells not
porose: those of acumen subquadrate, the alar yellow dilated
subrectangular reaching to costa; other basal cells long. Peri-
chetial leaves obtusate or abruptly tapering to a gen. longer,
narrow-subulate or subfiliform awn with long-excurrent costa.
Capsule solitary not sulcate. Tufts green above. — Amer. r.
Can. Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.

B. Costa of leaves faintly rough at back. Upper leaf-cells
gen. short. Capsule solitary sulcate.

a. Leaves not brittle, gen. broad at base; angular cells di-

versiform: alar dilated brown persistent, inner basal narrow.
Capsule long-pedicellate.
30.D.Bergeri Blandow. —- D. Schraderi Weber et Mohr.
_ Leaves us, tapering to a long broadly sublinear in upper
part serrulate often obtuse acumen, often undulate and flexuous;
upper cells skort; costa not percurrent. Perichetial leaves often
emarginate and short-aristate. Tufts us. brown-green. — Peat-
bogs and swamps gen. common. Hur. Sweden, Norway! Amer.
Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

*D.rupineola Kindb. n. subsp.
Leaves subulate-acuminate; costa percurrent, serrulate at back.

— 194 —

Perichetial leaves long-aristate not emarginate. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.
*P.rigidum Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaves acute short-acuminate rigid not undulate, nearly ap-
pressed when dry; costa subpercurrent. Tufts nearly eradicu-
lose, pale or whitish green when dry. Capsules unknown. —
In bogs r. Hur. Sweden near Strcemstad: P. Olsson.
31.D.pallidum Bruch et Schimper. — D. sabuletorum Renauld
et Cardot.

Differs from D. Bergeri: Leaves gradually acuminate acute
short-subulate, often crisped when dry; cells sometimes suboblong;
costa percurrent or subexcurrent. — Sandy soil r. Amer. Can.:
Waghorne. U. S.: Sull. et Lesq. exsicce., com. Cardot; Sawyer
and Green, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves brittle and narrow; angular cells uniform dilated
fugitive faintly yellowish; other basal cells long hyaline. Cap-
sule short-pedicellate.
32.D.leucobasis C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves tapering to a very long narrow nearly wholly spinu-
lose-serrulate acute acumen, faintly undulate and crisped when
dry; middle cells of lamina gen. short. Capsule not large.
Resembles somewhat D. fuscescens in habit. — Base of trees
in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U.S8.:
Roell.

4. Scopariiformia.

A. Leaves rough or denticulate at back of lamina, us. cri-
sped and often undulate when dry; costa sometimes excurrent.
33.D.elatum Lindberg. — D. robustum Blytt (the inventor).

Leaves long, tapering to a long spinulose-serrulate brittle
acumen, dentate at back; acumen with narrow-subulate often
circinnate point; cells of angles diversiform, the inner narrow;
other cells of lower part long, the upper short irregular; costa
very rough at back near apex, often excurrent. Capsules clu-
stered 3—-4 not striate when wholly ripe. Plants yellowish
green very robust us. high. — Bogs and humid woods r. Eur.
Norway! Sweden!; Lindberg.
34.D.spurium Hedwig.

Leaves gen. not long, ovate-lanceolate acute or from subovate
base abruptly acuminate, subpapillose at back, very faintly
serrate at the us. short acumen; cells as in the last; costa
abbreviate or subpercurrent, faintly rough at back. Capsule
solitary striate. Tufts yellowish green not high. — Dry heaths

— 195 —

and woods on randy soil, r. on rocks. Eur. not r., common in
northern distr. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!| Amer. Can. not r.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

B. Leaves smooth at back of lamina, not crisped; costa not
excurrent.

a. Leaves not undulate gen. short.
35.D.brachycaulon Kindb. cat. Can. m. — D. plano-alare C.
M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, entire
or near apex indistinctly denticulate, sometimes nearly appressed
when dry, smaller than in the last; cells gen. short also near
base; costa smooth at back. Tufts low green. — Dry rocks
or earth r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
36.D.stenodictyon Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI. — Monocra-
num Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves narrowed below, from oblong base short-acuminate
obtuse, very short, crenulate (not serrate) above middle, appressed
when dry; cells thick-walled not porose; the outer alar brown,
the inner hyaline; other cells lanceolate or the upper oblong,
the apical sometimes oval; costa very narrow, serrulate above
at back. Capsules unknown. Tufts blackish when dry with
straw-yellow tops, nearly eradiculose. Habit of Calliergon sar-
mentosum. — Karth in woods yr. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
— In the resembling Monocranum dicranoides C. M. (from Chile,
com. C. M.) leaves are long-acuminate, peristomial teeth entire,
not cleft.

b. Leaves long gen. broadly acuminate or short-subulate,
sometimes undulate.

aa. Leaves distinctly decurrent; cells not porose, those of
decurrent part narrow; costa smooth at back. Tufts nearly
without rhizoids. Capsules unknown.
37.D.leioneuron Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves gen. quite entire, sometimes subobtuse at apex, con-
volute in middle, suberect when dry, not undulate; angular
cells diversiform, the inner pellucid sometimes pale yellow;
other cells long narrow; costa very narrow. Tufts yellowish.
—- Swampy woods r. Amer. Can. Anticosti: Macoun.

bb. Leaves gen. not distinctly decurrent; cells us. porose;
costa more or less denticulate at back. Inner perichetial leaves
longer than the awn. Pedicels long solitary or r. in pairs.
Tufts radiculose.
38.D.scoparium L. — Bryum L.; Dicranum Hedwig.

— 196 —

-* Leaves -faintly~ serrtlate in upper part-of acumen, more or
Jess curved and’ patent but not spreading when dry, r. undu-
late; angular cells diversiform, the alar brown more: dilated,
the inner pale yellow or less often hyaline; other cells gen.
long, the uppermost sometimes suboblong; costa us. with 2
serrate ridges at back near apex. Perichetial leaves not long-
atistate. Capsule -not sulcate. Tufts us. green, sometimes
blackish. — Dry places common, less often in bogs and some-
what r. in alp. regions Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.:
Sullivant, com. C. Mueller;. Roell.

*P).involutum Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves falecate not or sparingly porose, very concave, subcon-
volute in middle, very chlorophyllose, sometimes undulate; cells
gen. oblong-oval. Capsules unknown. — Amer. r. Can. Vane.
isl: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.
39.D.Bonjeani Notaris. — D. palustre Br. eur.

Leaves nearly entire; spreading and undulate when dry, often
nearly straight; cells as in D. scoparium; costa nearly smooth
without ridges .at back, us. not percurrent. Perichetial leaves
short-aristate. Capsule sulcate. Tufts us. yellowish. — Bogs.
Hur. not common. Sweden (common), Norway! Amer. r Can.:
Macoun.
40.D.undulifolium C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢,

Leaves nearly entire, often obtuse at apex, nearly appressed
and slightly undulate when dry; cells as in the last; costa not
lamellate but denticulate at back near apex. Tufts golden
glossy, sparingly radiculose. Capsules unknown. — In alps r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts 2500 metr. a. 8.: Macoun; Vane. isl.:
Roell. U. 8.: Roell.
41.D.angustum Lindberg; Kindb. rev. bryol. 1896.

Leaves entire not undulate, narrower and less spreading than
in D, Bonjeani, often nearly straight and suberect; cells as in
the same species but gen. not porose; costa percurrent, nearly
smooth without ridges at back. Capsule sulcate. Tufts yello-
wish green. — Bogs r. Eur. northern districts. Norway! Finl.:
Brotherus. Sweden prince. in Lapland: E. Nyman.
42.D.Roellii Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 60. — D. Bonjeani
var. Roellii Barnes.

Differs from D. Bonjeani in leaves neither spreading nor
undulate and their costa sometimes bilamellate. — More allied
to D. scoparium; differs from it in leaves faintly crenulate at

= 197 =

acumen, their upper cells suboblong, less porose; costa more
abbreviate, nearly smooth at back. — Amer. Pacif. distr. r
Can. Vance. isl.: J. Roell.

Var. Schlotthaueri Barnes..

’ Leaves shorter, broader-acuminate, their upper cells gen. sub-
oval, costa not bilamellate. Habit of D. brachycauloi. —
Amer. r, U. S Yellowstone Park 2100 metr. a. s.: Roell.
43.D.subpalustre C. M. et Kindb. |. c.

Leaves serrulate in the greater part of the somewhat long
narrow (sometimes brittle) acumen, very concave below, sub-
convolute at base of acumen, sometimes short-decurrent, not
spreading, sometimes undulate when dry; célls as in D. scopa-
rium; costa percurrent, serrulate in upper part but not lamellate.
Perichetial leaves long-aristate. Capsule nearly smooth or finally

sulcate. Tufts often yellowish. — Bogs r. Amer. Can.: J. and
J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Roell. Hur. Sweden in Lapland: E.
Nyman.

44.D.hyalinum Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896, p. 61.

Leaves faintly denticulate near apex, narrower and somewhat
long-acuminate; alar cells nearly hyaline rectangular not well-
defined; other cells hyaline not porose, narrow-linear except the
oval apical; costa faintly denticulate near apex, narrow above
but very dilated at base, not excurrent. Tufts loose very spa-
ingly radiculose. Capsules unknown. -— Alp. region r. Amer.
U. S. Nat. Park 2100 metr. a. s.: Roell.

5. Fuscescentiformia.

A. Inner perichetial leaves longer than the awn.

a. Leaves very long and not crisped but falcate or nearly.
straight when dry, sometimes brittle; costa very narrow. Cap-
sule large; pedicel very long. Tufts shining very high.
45.D.majus Smith.

Leaves with subulate nearly wholly serrulate acumen; angular
cells diversiform, the inner hyaline; other cells long uniform
porose; costa excurrent rough at least in upper half. Capsules
faintly striate us. clustered. Inner perichetial leaves denticulate,
truncate below the awn. Tufts green or yellowish. .— On
earth and shaded rocks in woods. Eur. not r. Sweden common!
Amer. r. Can. eastern districts: J. Macoun. U.8.: Roell. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.
46.D.Howellii Renauld et Cardot bot. gaz. 1889. — D. an-
gustifolium Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII, 1890 (in part).

Leaves. with sublinear in upper half serrulate.acumen, narrower

— 198 —

than in the last; cells as in the last; costa not distinctly ex-
current and nearly smooth. Capsule sulcate solitary. Inner
perichetial entire, attenuate to awn. Tufts us. golden glossy.
— Damp rocks. Amer. Pacif. dist. not r. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun. Can.: J. Macoun; Dawson. U. S. Oregon: Hertzman;
Roell; Howell, com. Cardot.

*P.angustifolium Kindb. 1. c. in part.

Capsule not sulcate. Leaves nearly entire. — Damp rocks
r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

b. Leaves less long and not brittle, us. flexuous or crisped
when dry; costa sometimes somewhat broad. Capsule solitary
gen. less large; pedicel not much long. Tufts us. low and not
shining.
47.D.fuscescens Turner.

Leaves with subulate in upper part more or less serrulate
acumen, flexuous or crisped; cells us. not porose; angular cells
diversiform, the inner hyaline; other cells of base long, the
upper gen. short; costa faintly rough at back, us. excurrent
and somewhat broad. Capsule us. oblique striate or sulcate.
Tufts us. grayish green when dry. — Decayed trunks or damp
rocks in woods not r. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell.

*D.congestum Bridel.

Leaves less serrulate with sublinear acumen; cells us. porose;
costa us. subpercurrent narrower. Capsule less striate. Tufts
us. green. — Not r. Hur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Finl.:
Brotherus. Amer. Can.; Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Roell.

*D.Sendtneri Limpricht.

Leaves nearly entire less flexuous, sometimes subconvolute;
cells porose, upper gen. narrow. Capsule nearly straight. —
Rocks r. Eur. Norway! Russia: Zickendrath.
*D.subbrevifolium Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, subconvolute nearly entire; costa not excurrent.
Capsule sulcate. Stem somewhat high. Habit of D. brevifolium.
Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.
48.D.congestiforme C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves with somewhat broad short-subulate nearly wholly
serrulate acumen, faintly flexuous, larger than in D. fuscescens;
upper and middle cells porose gen. narrow, the others as in
the mentionned species; costa distinctly rough at back, not
excurrent, narrow. Capsule oblique somewhat large and finally

— 199 —

suleate. Tufts greenish and high. — Damp subalp. rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
49.D.algidum Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves entire nearly straight and suberect, only the upper
flexuous, narrower than in D. fuscescens; angular cells nearly
uniform dilated; other cells very porose, gen. long; costa very
narrow, nearly smooth at back or slightly rough in the excur-
rent part. Tufts soft and silky, green or dark green, nearly
eradiculose. Capsules unknown. Habit of D. spadiceum; differs
from it prince. in not convolute leaves. — Rocks in alps r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts 2700 metr. a. s.: Macoun. Hur. Sweden in
Lapland, and Norway: E. Nyman.

* D.subspadiceum Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves straight erect subconvolute, denticulate near apex and
at the excurrent part of costa. Tufts brown with yellowish
branch-tops. Capsules unknown. -- Rocks in alp. region r.
Amer, Can. Rocky mts 2500 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

B. Perichetial leaves shorter than the awn.
50.D.suleatum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII; D. trachyphyllum
Ren. et Card.

Leaves brittle not large, more or less flexuous when dry;
cells porose, the uppermost short, the lower long; costa broader
than in D. fuscescens, sometimes excurrent. Capsule sulcate.
Habit of D. fuscescens. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col: J. and J. M. Macoun. N. Foundl.: Waghorne.
51.D.crispulum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves narrower, more crisped when
dry; cells not porose, the uppermost irregular sometimes sub-
oblong; costa very narrow gen. percurrent. — On earth or trees
in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: J. Macoun.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
52.D.perichetiale Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 61.

Differs from the both last in the leaves larger and broader,
neither crisped nor flexuous, only the uppermost subfalcate,
less often brittle; cells larger, narrow-linear, not or sparingly
porose; costa distinctly denticulate at back, not excurrent, nar-
rower than in D. sulcatum; capsule larger. Resembles D. sco-
parium and D. majus in habit. —- Amer. Pacif. distr. r. U. S.: Roell.

6. Convolutifolia.

A. Leaves serrulate in upper part of acumen.

a. Leaves long-subulate; costa somewhat long-excurrent.
Tufts tomentose; tomentum often reddish.

— 900 =

53.D.Muehlenbeckii Bryol. eur.

Leaves flexuous; cells gen. not porosé, the paid dilated
nearly uniform, the inner pale -yellow; other cells of lower
part gen. narrow, the middle and upper short mixed with some
Tong near apex; costa faintly rough at back. Capsule often
nearly smooth. Often more robust and high: than in the re-
sembling D. fuscescens. — Rocks princ. in alp. or northern
districts, not common. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! France: Hus-
not. Germany: Kolb, com. Warnstorf. Amer. Can.:; Macoun.
U. S.: Roell. —

b. Leaves not long-subulate; costa gen. percurrent. Tufts
sparingly radiculose.
54.D.rhabdocarpum Sullivant.

Leaves patent-erect not flexuous; angular cells diversiform,
the alar pale yellow; other cells gen. long; costa rough at back
without ridges. Capsule sulcate. Habit of D. scoparium. —
Subalp. woods r. Amer. Rocky mts: Lesq. et Sulliv. exsicc.,
com. Renauld. Hur. Sweden in Lapland: E. Nyman. :

55.D.dipteroneuron C. Mueller in Flora 1887.
. Leaves flexuous somewhat small; alar cells brown, the others
narrow or the. uppermost oval; costa with 2 serrulate ridges at
back, sometimes short-excurrent. Capsule smooth not large;
pedicel short. Habit of D. brevifolium. — Amer. yr. Greenl.:
C. Wensk, com. Roell. U. S.: Roell. »Alaska: Krause»: C. M.
B. Leaves gen. entire, r. indistinctly denticulate near apex.
Capsule sulcate. ;
a. Leaves somewhat large; costa gen. percurrent. Tufts not
densely radiculose. R. fruiting. ;

56.D.brevifolium Lindberg.

Leaves flexuous short-subulate,: sometimes less distinctly con-
volute; angular cells dilated nearly uniform, outer brown, inner
pale yellow; other cells gen. short; costa nearly smooth at back.
Sometimes more robust and high than in the resembling D.
fuscescens. — Rocks prince. in alp. or northern districts, r. Hur.
Sweden, Norway! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: Macoun,
57.D.spadiceum Zetterstedt. — D. neglectum Juratzka.

Leaves open-erect. not flexuous, somewhat long-subulate; an-
gular cells diversiform, the inner hyaline sometimes reaching
to costa; other cells gen. long nearly uniform; costa smooth
sometimes short-excurrent. Tufts ‘often brown. Habit of D.
molle and D. scoparium. — Rocks. in -alp. regions r. Eur. Norway,

—- 201 —

Switzerl.!’ France: J. E. Zetterstedt. Spetsbergen: Berggren.

Amer, Greenl.: Berggren. ;
b. Leaves small; costa excurrent smooth at back. Tufts

dense tomentose. Capsule not large.

58.D.elongatum Schleicher.

Leaves us. from somewhat broad base short-subulate and
entire, nearly all appressed when dry; angular cells diversiform,
the alar brown; other cells narrow except the gen. short upper;
costa somewhat broad and not long-excurrent. Capsule faintly
curved. Tufts green or brownish us. very high. — Swamps
and wet rocks prince. in alps. Eur. nearly common in northern
alps. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Wag-
horne. Greenl.: Wensk, com. Roell.

*DP.dovrense Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves narrower with longer subula, entire and not -brittle,
nearly all appressed when dry; nearly all cells narrow except
the alar; costa longer-excurrent. Capsule faintly curved. —
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!

* PD.subfragilifolium Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves narrow long-subulate faintly denticulate above, flexuous,
sometimes brittle; costa long-excurrent narrower. Capsule ar-
cuate. — Northern alps r. Hur. Norway near Kongswold! Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

*D.attenuatum Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, gradually tapering to a somewhat long subula,
nearly entire and often brittle, the uppermost flexuous; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule more or less curved. Habit of D.
fragilifolium. Tufts low. — Amer. Can. Labrador: Waghorne.
59.D.fragilifoliam Lindberg. — D. Macounii Austin in herb.
Macoun.

Leaves from narrow base very long-subulate, entire and brittle,
gen. straight erect or the uppermost flexuous; alar cells r. well-
defined, the others gen. rectangular or some few short; costa
narrow very long-excurrent. Capsule oblique us. arcuate, larger
than in D. elongatum. Tufts low us. green or pale brown.
Habit of D. strictum. — On logs in northern prince. subalp.
districts ry. Hur. Norway! Sweden: S. O. Lindberg: E. Nyman.
Amer, Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne.

ce. Leaves small entire; costa percurrent smooth at back.
Tufts densely radiculose. Capsule small. Habit of D. elongatum.
60.D.groenlandicum Bridel. — D. labradoricum C. M.; D.
tenuinerve Zetterstedt.

14

— 202 —

Leaves abruptly narrowed to the scarcely longer acumen, gen.
broader than in D. elongatum, strongly appressed when dry;
angular cells us. not well-defined, other cells gen. long or the
uppermost shorter; costa very narrow. Capsule curved. Tufts
high pale brown very compact. R. fruiting. —- Swamps and
wet rocks in arctic or other northern alps r. Eur. Norway!
Spetsbergen: Berggren; R. Gyllencreutz. Russia near Kola: Brotherus,
com. C. Mueller. Amer. U.S. Miquelon isl.: Delamare, com. Cardot.
61.D.Sphagni Wabhlenberg fl. lappon.

Leaves as in the last but somewhat larger, more gradually
narrowed, looser appressed or subflexuous; cells as in the last
but the angular more distinct and brown; costa less narrow.
Capsule straight or slightly curved. Tufts somewhat low, not
very compact, often green. — Swamps r. Eur. Norway! Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

92. Campylopus Bridel.

I. Thysanomitrium. Leaves often falcate; alar cells short
dilated, separated from leaf-borders by narrow (marginal) cells; other
cells rectangular; costa long-excurrent somewhat narrow.

II. Amotis. Leaves not falcate; alar cells gen. wanting (or
indistinctly evolute), the angular narrow gen. not much defined
from the other basal ones; upper cells short irregular; costa
very broad but often short-excurrent.

Ill. Eu-Campylopus. Leaves sometimes falcate; alar cells short
dilated well-defined; other cells short gen. irregular; costa sometimes
(in C. flexuosus) not or scarcely excurrent. Leaves involute above.

I. Thysanomitrium Schweegrichen.

1.C.uncinatus Harvey. — Thysanomitrium Harv.; Campylopus
Kindb. Laubm. 8. u. N.; Dicranodontium circinnatum Schimper.

Leaves from half-sheathing base abruptly tapering to a much
longer, subulate acumen, faintly serrulate, patent; alar cells
hyaline fugitive. Tufts green loose. Very r. fruiting. — Sha-
ded rocks prince. in alps r. Zur. Switzerl.! Norway: E Nyman.
Scotland: Fergusson. Austria: Breidler.

II. Anotis Kindberg.

A. Leaf-base whitish glossy. Leaves and branchlets brittle.
Leaves appressed when dry.
2.C.fragilis Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Campylopus Br. eur.

Leaves not involute above; upper cells gen. rhombic; costa
gen. long-excurrent, sulcate at back, faintly denticulate at apex.
Tufts tomentose not high. R. fruiting. — Rocks, esp. of sand-
stone, and turfy soil. Hur. not r. Switzerl.!

— 203 —

B. Leaf-base more or less dusky. Leaves and branchlets
r. brittle. Leaves gen. (exc. C. Schimperi) not appressed.

a. Leaves not involute above; costa long-excurrent. Not r. fruiting.
3.C.piriformis Schultz. — Dicranum Schz.; Campylopus Bridel;
C. turfaceus Br. eur.

Upper leaf-cells subrhomboidal; costa sometimes sulcate. Stem
short, radiculose at base. — Heaths and moorlands. Eur. notr. Swe-
den: Aokerman, com. Lindberg. England: Holt. France: Du Noday.

b. Leaves involute above; costa gen. less long-excurrent.
Very r. fruiting.
4.C.subulatus Schimper. — C. brevifolius Br. eur.

Upper leaf-cells gen, rhombic-quadrate, the alar sometimes
nearly distinct; costa faintly sulcate, sometimes hyaline at apex.
Tufts very low without rhizoids. — On stones r. Hur. prince.
in warmer districts. Switzerl.| Belgium: Gravet. France: Ber-
thoumieu. Austria: Breidler. Sweden: P. Larsson.
5.C.Heinrici Renauld et Cardot.

Differs from the last: »Leaves brittle; upper cells longer rect-
angular; costa longer excurrent, not sulcate»: Ren. et Card. —
Amer. r. »U. S.»: R. et C.
6.C.Schimperi Milde. — Leptotrichum tomentosum Kindb.
note on Can. Bryol.

Leaves us. appressed when dry; upper cells oval-rhomboidal;
costa not sulcate. Tufts tomentose often very low, sometimes
high. —- Damp rocks prince. in alps r. Eur. Switzerl., Norway!
Austria: Breidler. HEngl.: Holt. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

Ill, Eu Campylopus.

A. Leaves somewhat short, distinctly denticulate above at
lamina, flexuous when dry; costa long-excurrent gen. without
hyaline hairpoint. Capsules unknown.
7.C.Donnellii Austin. — Dicranum Aust.; Campylopus Lq. et Jam.

Leaves abruptly attenuate, indistinctly auricled, not large;
upper cells oval-rhombic; costa not sulcate. Tufts greenish to-
mentose not high. — Amer. U. 8., Florida: Austin, com. Cardot.
8.C.subleucogaster C. M. — Dicranum (Campylopus) C. M.

»Differs from the last in its dirty yellow color, leaves less
open and less abruptly narrowed, costa broader; terminal
branchlets bristle» Lesq. et Jam. — »Leaves distinctly auricled;
upper cells quadrate; costa serrulate at apex. Tufts loose,
about 3 c. m. high. Stem with very short, densely crowded
branches at apex. — Amer. r. U. S., Alabama: Mohr»: C. M.
in Flora 1875.

a

B. Leaves long gen. entire or (in C. Mildei and C. setifolius)
denticulate above, us. appressed when dry; costa long-excurrent.

a. Upper leaves us. with long whitish hairpoint.
9.C.introflexus Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Campylopus Brid.;
C. polytrichoides Notaris; C. leucotrichus Sull. icon. m.

Leaves straight rigid not distinctly auricled, us. appressed
when dry; basal lamina not involute; upper cells rhomboidal-
oblong or often curved; costa very broad, deeply sulcate. Male
plants with short reddish perigonial leaves. Tufts radiculose
us. green or yellowish, sometimes blackish. Very r. fruiting.
— Dry heaths and rocks. Eur, Switzerl.! Amer. »U.5.»: Sulliv.
10.C.brevipilus Br. eur.

Differs from the last: Leaves less rigid, sometimes faintly
flexuous; basal lamina partly involute; costa not deeply sulcate,
less broad; hairpoint short sometimes wanting. Tufts nearly
eradiculose us. yellowish. Capsules unknown. — Moist heaths
r. Eur, France: Renauld, com. Husnot.
11.C.atrovirens Notaris.

Leaves not rigid, sometimes flexuous or falcate, us. auricled; upper
cells gen. oblong or vermicular; costa not deeply sulcate,
not very broad. Tufts sparingly radiculose us. blackish or dark
green. Very r. fruiting. — Wet rocks and peatv ground. Eur,
Switzerl.! Norway: R. Hartman. France: Husnot.

*C.adustus Notaris.

Leaves nearly straight, less distinctly auricled; upper cells
often rhomboidal. ‘Tufts blackish brown when dry. Capsules
unknown. — Dry rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. in higher subalp.
region near Faido!
12.C.gracilicaulis Mitten.

Differs from C. atrovirens in not auricled leaves; upper cells
often rhombic. »Capsule immersed in the comal leaves»: Lesq.
et Jam. Amer. r. U. S., Florida: Austin, com. Cardot.
*C.angustiretis Austin. — Dicranum Austin; Campylopus
Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaf-cells much longer, sublinear, the alar dirty red. Amer.
U. 8., Florida»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves without distinct (hyaline) hairpoint, sometimes
(exc. C. Afildei) falcate or r. (in C. setifolius) flexuous.
13.C.Mildei Limpricht.

Leaves nearly appressed when dry, straight, less rigid than
in C. introflecus, sometimes denticulate above; auricles gen. not
much distinct; upper cells oval-rhombic; costa not much deeply

—- 205 —

suleate. Stem more or less radiculose, often very long. Tufts
gen. green above, brown below. Capsules unknown. — Dry
and moist rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. near Luganol

14.0.Shawii Wilson.

Leaves not rigid, abruptly attenuate, entire; auricles indistinct;
upper cells oval-rhombic; costa not sulcate, nearly entire. Tufts
tomentose green. Capsules unknown. Habit of Dicranum al-
bicans. — Bogs r. Eur. Scotl.: Shaw, com. Bottini.
15.C.setifolius Wilson.

Leaves not rigid, denticulate above; auricles large; upper cells
rhombic; costa not sulcate, very rough in upper part. Capsules
clustered; calyptra unknown. Tufts nearly eradiculose, blackish
or dark green; stem very long. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks r.
Eur. Irel.: G. A. Holt.
16.C.Schwarzii Schimper.

Leaves not rigid, entire, r. falcate; auricles large; upper cells
rhombic-rectangular; costa sulcate nearly entire. Capsules un-
known. Tufts sparingly radiculose, greenish or blackish, often
high. Aabit of Dicranum longifolium. Rocks in alps and
near Atlantic sea, Hur. Switzerl.! Irel.: Holt. Norway: R. Hart-
man.

*C.micans Wulfsberg.

Tufts yellowish more radiculose. Leaves often falcate. Pe-
dicels of capsules clustered. — Eur. Norway: Wulfsberg. Swe-
den: P. Larsson.

C. Leaves gen. denticulate above, us. flexuous when dry;
costa not hyaline at apex, us. subpercurrent.

17 C.flexuosus L. — Bryum L.; Campylopus Bridel.

Leaves often auricled; upper cells suboval-rhomboidal, the
alar us. brown-yellow; costa occupying about half lamina at
base, sulcate only at apex. Tufts us. brown-tomentose. Less
r. fruiting. — Turfy soil and moist sandstone rocks. Hur. not
r. Switzerl.! Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sulliv.

* C.zonatus Molendo.

Leaves more distinctly denticulate; alar cells purplish (as to-
mentum of stem); costa narrower. — Hur. r. France: Le Jolis.
*C.paradoxus Wilson.

Leaves gen. entire; costa narrower, percurrent. Tufts less
radiculose. Capsules unknown. — Peaty soil r. Hur, Engl.:
Wood, com. Husnot. Sweden: P. Olsson.

* (.tallulensis Sull. et Lesq.; Sulliv. icon. m.
Leaves narrower, denticulate near apex; costa percurrent.

— 206 —

Tufts sparingly radiculose, yellowish green. Capsules unknown.
— Wet rocks r. — Amer. »U. S.»: Sullivant.

93. Dicranella Schimper.
I. Anisothecium. Leaves spreading, from sheathing base ho-
rizontally patent or deflexed. Capsule inclined; pedicel red.
II. Pseud-Oncophorus. Leaves flexuous or erect-patent, not
spreading. Capsule inclined distinctly necked and strumose;
pedicel yellow (reddish only when old).
Ill. Eu-Dicranella. Leaves not spreading. Capsule not di-
stinctly necked; pedicel red or (in D. heteromalla) yellow.

J. Anisothecium (Mitten) Lindberg.
A. Leaves large gradually tapering to the broad acumen.
Stem us. high. R. fruiting.

1.D.squarrosa Starke. — Dicranum St.; Dicranella Schimp.

Leaves with nearly entire often obtuse acumen; upper cells
oval or suboblong; costa not percurrent. Capsule large not
striate. —- Moors princ. in alps. Zur. not r. Norway (fruit.),
Sweden, Switzerl.| Engl. (fruit.); Manchester Cryptog. Society.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves less large abruptly tapering to the long subulate
acumen. Stem us. low.

2.D.Schreberi Swartz. — Dicranum Sw.; Dicranella Schimp.;
Cynodontium canadense Mitten; Dichodontium Lq. et Jam.

Leaves with an in upper part serrulate acumen; cells irregular
often rhomboidal, upper suboblong; costa percurrent. Capsule
smooth not large. — Clay soil not r, Hur. Sweden!; Lindberg;
M. Huss. Engl: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
3.D.Grevillei Bryol. eur.

Leaves entire; cells oblong-lanceolate; costa excurrent. Cap-
sule small finally striate or sulcate, indistinctly strumose. —
Clay soil princ. in alps r. Hur. Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: M.
Huss. Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

II. Pseud-Oncophorus Kindb,
4.D.cerviculata Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves from half-sheathing base abruptly narrowed toa long
subulate acumen, us. flexuous or crisped; cells narrow irregular;
costa broad long-excurrent. Capsule finally plicate; teeth cleft
to middle. Tufts yellowish green. — Bare soil on wet heaths
and in ditches. Hur. common. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
*D.pusilla Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Dicranella Sch.

»>Plants smaller, Leaves shorter, nearly straight and not

— 207 —

flexuous. Capsule very small, less distinctly stramose. —- Higher
alp. region r. Eur. Switzerl.»: Schimper.
5.D.polaris Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1898.

Differs from D. cerviculata: Plants smaller. Leaves shorter
nearly straight and not flexuous; upper cells suboblong; costa
broader, filling the whole acumen. Capsule very small and
not striate, less distinctly strumose; teeth nearly entire or faintly
cleft. Stem very short. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.
6.D.cerviculatula Kindb. 1. ¢.

Differs from D. cerviculata: Leaves gradually narrowed; cells
short quadrate, only the inner basal narrow; costa narrower
and well-defined, only in perichetial leaves distinctly excurrent.
Tufts dark green. — Amer. r. Can. Hudson Strait: R. Bell,
com. Macoun.

II. Eu-Dicranella.

A. Leaves channelled; costa long-excurrent.

a. Leaves abruptly acuminate from the us. half-sheathing
base
7.D.seeunda Swartz. — Dicranum Sw. 1795; Dicranella Lind-
berg; D. subulata (Hedwig 1801) Schimper.

Leaves entire with suboblong base, subfalcate not crisped;
lower cells narrow, the upper oblong; costa gen. entire. Capsule
cernuous finally suleate; teeth cleft to middle; lid long-rostrate;
annulus revoluble. — Wet stony ground prince. in alps. Hur.
not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzer].! Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

*D.curvata Hedwig. — Dicranum H.,; Dicranella Sch.
Leaves with shorter base; costa denticulate above. Perichetial
leaves not convolute. Capsule us. erect. — Wet sandstone

rocks r. Hur. Germany: Huebner. France: Boulay, com. Hus-
not. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
8.D.ecrispa Ebrhart. -— Dicranum Ehrh.; Dicranella Sch.
Leaves entire with subovate base, crisped when dry; cells
gen. narrow; costa minutely denticulate near apex. Capsule
erect finally sulcate; teeth red-brown cleft to middle; lid long-
rostrate; annulus not wholly revoluble. — Sandy ground. Eur.
not r. Norway, Sweden! Engl.: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
9.D.parvula Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1889.
Leaves crenulate all around with subovate base, crisped or
curved when dry; basal cells long linear, upper oblong-quadrate;
costa denticulate above. Capsule inclined or suberect; teeth

—- 208 —

orange nearly partite; lid short subobtuse or apiculate; annulus
scarcely loosed; pedicel pale red. Stem very short. — Earth
in higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts 1950 metr. a.
s.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gradually acuminate from not sheathing base.
Pedicel yellow.
10.D.heteromalla L. — Bryum L.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves flexuous or straight when dry, sometimes denticulate;
lower cells Jong, upper shorter; costa broad us. denticulate
near apex. Capsule nitid orange more or less oblique and in-
clined, r. suberect, finally sulcate; teeth cleft to middle; lid
long-rostrate. Tufts us. green often soft and silky. like. —
Damp earth and rocks common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Germany,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: com. Macoun (a variety with longer not di-
stinctly sulcate capsule).

*D.Fitzgeraldi Renauld et Cardot.

Capsule suberect and subsymmetric. — Amer. U. S.: Fitzge-
rald, com. Cardot.

B. Leaves carinate gradually acuminate not sheathing; costa
gen. not excurrent. Capsule not or indistinctly striate. Tufts
low us. not shining.

a. Leaves entire, recurved below; alar cells us. dilated.
11.D.rubra Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Brotherus;
D. varia Schimper; D. Howei and D. Langloisii Renauld et
Cardot.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong us. nearly straight:
upper scarcely longer; cells gen. narrow exc. the alar. Capsule
inclined red-brown us. oblique; teeth us. not deeply cleft; lid
rostellate not longer than half capsule; annulus none. Tufts
yellowish green. — Damp clay soil and rocks. Eur. common.
Sweden, Switzerl.! Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Sullivant; Howe; Langlois, com. Cardot (a var. with short
leaves).

*D.callistoma Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Sch.

Capsule smaller, subsymmetric often erect, gen. not longer
than lid. — Rocks prince. in subalp. distr. r. Hur, Eugl.: Rogers,
France: Le Jolis. Greece: Heldreich.
12.).debilis Hooker et Wilson. — Dicranum H. W.,; Sulliv.
ic. m.; Dicranella Lq. et Jam.; D. leptotrichoides Ren. et Card.

Differs from D. rubra *callistoma: Capsule annulate; teeth
nearly partite. Upper leaves much longer than the lower, —

— 209 —

Ditches and roadsides r. Amer. U. S.: Sulliv. ct Lesq., com.
Renauld; Langlois, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves serrulate above, not recurved; alar cells not de-
fined.
13.D.rufescens Dickson. —- Bryum Dicks.; Dicranella Sch.

Leaves longer upwards, nearly straight or curved: the upper-
most narrowly ovate-lanceolate; cells less narrow than in D.
rubra. Capsule symmetric blood-red us. erect; teeth cleft nearly
to middle; lid rostéllate us. half as long as capsule; annulus
none. Tufts. often rufescent. Male plants resembling a Phascum.
— Wet clay and stony ground. Hur. not r. Sweden: R. Hart-
man; M. Huss. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Ma-
coun.

*D.humilis Ruthe.

Capsule inclined and curved when dry. Leaves pale green,
the upper more flexuous. — Sandy and clay soil r. Hur. Nor-
way: N. Bryhn.

94. Dicranoweisia Lindberg.

A. Leaves recurved gradually acuminate; costa not excur-
rent.. Peristomial teeth not cleft; annulus revoluble.
1.D.cirrata L. — Monium L.; Dicranoweisia Lindb.

Leaves subulate-acuminate; alar cells not well-defined; costa
subpercurrent. Perichetial leaves abruptly narrowed to a shor-
ter acumen; costa vanishing below it. Capsule erect cylindric
pale or yellowish brown. Tufts pale green. — Logs and rocks
not r. Hur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves not recurved. Peristomial teeth us. cleft; annu-
lus indistinct.

a. Leaves abruptly acuminate; costa not excurrent. Capsule
straight symmetric. Perichetial leaves very short.

2.D erispula Hedwig. — Weisia H.; Dicranoweisia Lindb.

Leaves with long subulate channelled acumen; alar cells
well-defined. Capsule pale brown us. oval-oblong, or cylindric
when young, r. cylindric when old; teeth sometimes entire.
Perichetial leaves short-apiculate. Tufts brown or blackish
when dry. — Rocks prince. in alps, common in alp. regions.
Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: Miss O. Cron. Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. U. §.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
3.D.compacta Schleicher. — Grimmia Schl.; Dicranoweisia
Schimp.

Differs from the last: Leaves with sublinear not long often

— 210 —

obtuse acumen: perichetial longer-apiculate. Capsule suboval
red-brown smaller. Tufts lower often green. — Rocks in higher
alp. regions r. Hur. Switzerl.!; Schimper. Italy: Husnot m.
gall. Norway: R. Hartman. Sweden: E. Adlerz; E. Nyman.

b. Leaves nearly gradually long-subulate; costa excurrent.
Perichetial leaves long-acuminate. Tufts green. Capsule small.
4.D.Roellii Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59.

Alar leaf-cells not well-defined or rectangular. Perichetial
leaves abruptly narrowed to a by costa often wholly filled
acumen. Capsule red-brown round-oval symmetric not strumose;
pedicel flexuous or arcuate when dry, not long. Tufts very
compact. — Rocks in higher alp. region r. Amer. U. S. Oregon
mt Hood 2400 metr. a. s. near a glacier: J. Roell.
5.D.obliqua Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1898.

Alar leaf-cells quadrate well-defined. Perichetial leaves less
abruptly acuminate, not filled by costa in lower part of acumen.
Capsule pale brown suboblong inclined curved or subobovate
with very small mouth, often strumose; pedicel long straight
or slightly curved. -— Stones in alp. region r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can. Brit. Col: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

95 Oncophorus Bridel.
1.0.virens Swartz. — Bryum Sw.; Oncophorus Brid.; Cyno-
dontium Schimper; C. Demetrii Ren. et Card. ?

Leaves reflexed at borders, from suboblong base less abruptly
tapering to the attenuate acute entire or in upper part densely
denticulate acumen, more or less crisped when dry. Perichetial
leaves abruptly acuminate to the long-excurrent costa. Capsule
subovate. — Rocks prince. in alps. Hur. common in alps.
Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: P. Dusén. Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne.
2.0.Wahlenbergii Bride.

Leaves not reflexed, from broad base abruptly tapering to a
sublinear entire or at apex obsoletely denticulate acumen, much
crisped. Perichetial leaves less abruptly tapering to a by costa
not wholly filled acumen. Capsule subovate or subobovate. —
Alp. swamps and rocks. Hur. not common. Norway! Sweden:
Arnell. Italy: Payot, com. Husnot. Amer. Can. common in
eastern colder districts: J. Macoun; Drummond; Waghorne.
Greenl.: Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun; Palmer.
*@Q.compactus Funck. — Dicranum Funck; Oncophorus
Kindb.

Leaves entire smaller. Stem and pedicel shorter; capsule

— 211 —

smaller. — Rocks in alp. prince. arctic districts r. Amer: Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen. Can.: Waghorne. Hur. »Sweden»: Hartman.
96. Rhabdoweisia Bryol. eur.

A. Peristomial teeth brittle us. with broad base. Leaves
gradually acuminate us. entire.
1.R.striata Schrader. — Grimmia Schrad. 1799; Rhabdoweisia
Kindb.; Weisia fugax Hedwig 1801.

Leaves sublinear acute, curled when dry. Capsule suboval
pale ferruginous; pedicel yellow very short. — Fissures of rocks.
Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can. Sudbury
Junction: Macoun.

B. Peristomial teeth persistent subulate. Leaves obtusate
serrulate above.
2.R.crispata Dickson. — Bryum Dicks. 1793; Rhabdoweisia
Kindb.; Weisia denticulata Bridel 1806.

Leaves linear acute, more or less curled. Capsule suboblong
brownish; pedicel yellow. — Fissures of rocks. Eur. somewhat
r. Sweden, Switzerl.! Engl: Rogers. Amer. r. Can.: Drummond,
com. Macoun.
3.R.crenulata Mitten. -— Didymodon Mitt.; Rhabdoweisia
Jameson; Oncophorus Braithwaite.

Leaves sublinear gen. obtuse, broader and more strongly
serrulate than in the last, not much curled; cells larger. Cap-
sule oval rufous or reddish; teeth sometimes cleft; pedicel finally
pale red. — Wet rocks r. Eur. France cascade d’Enfer near
Bagnéres de Luchon 1855! Engl.: T. Rogers.

97. Oreas Bridel.
1.0.Martii Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Weisia Hop. et Hsch.;
Oreas Brid.; Oncophorus Lindb.

Leaves entire sublinear acuminate or with broader base, re-
curved below. Capsule suboval rostellate; pedicel arcuate when
moist. Tufts very dense often high. -—- Rocks in alp. regions
r. Eur. Switzerl.| Austria: Schimper.

Fam. 22. Seligeriacee.
98. Seligeria Bruch et Schimper.
Il. Anodus. Peristome none. Leaves denticulate.
II. Eu-Seligeri ia. Peristome present. Leaves entire or (some-
times in S. pusilla) faintly crenulate.
I. Anodus Bryol. eur.

1.8.Donii Smith. — Gymnostomum Sm.; Seligeria C. M.

Leaves channelled shortish; costa Jong-excurrent. Capsule

— 212 —

piriform; pedicel straight. Stems very short not tufted. —
Limestone and sandstone rocks. Eur. Switzerl.| Sweden: J.
Hulting. Norway: Arnell. Engl: Rogers. Amer. Can.: Drum-
mond; Macoun.

Il. Eu-Seligeria.

A. Leaves long subulate-acuminate plurifarious; costa us. ex-
current.

a. Stem very short. Capsule piriform or subclavate.
2.8.recurvata Hedwig. — Grimmia H.; Seligeria Br. et Sch.;
S. setacea (Wulfen) Lindb.

Leaver with long-excurrent costa. Capsule piriform; teeth obtuse
or subacute; pedicel us. arcuate. Loosely tufted. — On sand-
stone. Eur. not r. Sweden, Italy, Switzerl.! Engl.: Rogers.
Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

*S.erecta Philibert. — »Weisia Seligeri Hooker ct Wilson»:
Lq. et Jam.

Leaves shorter. Pedicel us. straight erect. — Rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl.: Philibert. Amer. »U. S.: Drummond»: Lesq. et Jam.
3.S.pusilla Ehrhart. — Afzelia Ehrh.; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves of fruiting stem with a not distinctly excurrent costa.
Capsule piriform erect; teeth obtuse; pedicel straight. Loosely
tufted. — Damp shady rocks of limestone or sandstone. Zur.
Switzerl.! Sweden: E. Adlerz. Norway: E. Nyman. Engl.:
Whitehead. Amer. »Can. and U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.
*S.acutifelia Lindberg.

Leaves with more distinctly excurrent costa. Pedicel often
very short. — Eur, r. Engl.: Rogers.
4.8.paucifolia Dickson. -- Bryum Dicks.; Seligeria Carruthers;
Braithwaite; S. subcernua Schimper.

Leaves with us. short-excurrent costa. Capsule subclavate
sometimes inclined; teeth acute; pedicel suberect flexuous. —
Chalk blocks r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.

b. Stem somewhat high about 1 c. m. Capsule subglobose
or oval.
5.S.polaris Berggren.

Leaves with long-excurrent <osta. Capsule subglobose; teeth
subacute somewhat long; pedicel exserted not or slightly cur-
ved. Densely tufted. — On earth in arctic district r. Eur.
Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G. Nathorst.
6.S.subimmersa Lindberg musci scandinay.

»Differs from S. recurvata in the stem higher, to 1 c. m5
angular leaf-cells dicranoid; capsule oval scarcely emergent

— 213 —

above perichetial leaves; tufts very dense. — Eur. r. Finl.:
Silén»: Lindberg.

B. Leaves short us. obtuse. Stem low.

a. Leaves obtuse, tristichous prince. on sterile shoots. Stem
and shoots somewhat elongate. Capsule piriform with straight
pedicel; teeth obtuse.
7.S.tristicha Bridel. — Weisia Brid.; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves sublinear; costa distinctly excurrent. Perichetial
leaves gradually acuminate; costa long-excurrent. — Dripping
calcareous rocks r. Hur. Engl. Rogers; Cash. France: Boulay.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.
8.8.tristichoides Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves sublinear, broader than in the last; costa not distinctly
excurrent. Perichetial leaves abruptly acuminate; costa per-
current or short-excurrent. — Eur. r. Norway in northern di-
strict: Schlegel and Arnell; E. Nyman.

b. Leaves plurifarious. Stem and shoots very short.
9.S.calearea Dickson. — Bryum Dicks; Seligeria B. S.

Leaves subovate abruptly attenuate; costa excurrent. Capsule
piriform erect; teeth obtuse; pedicel straight. — Calcareous or
schistaceous rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.! France: Husnot m. gall.
Amer, Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

*§.crassinervis Lindberg.

»Capsule inclined; teeth acute; pedicel slightly curved at
apex. — Eur. r. Sweden»: Lindberg.
10.S.diversifolia Lindberg. — 8. compacta Philibert rev. bryol.
1897 ?

Leaves (also the perichetial) sublinear or narrowly ovate-oblong,
gradually attenuate obtuse; costa not excurrent. Capsule erect
narrowly piriform; teeth subobtuse; pedicel straight. — Calca-
reous rocks r. Eur, Finl.: Brotherus.

*S.obliquula Lindberg.

Capsule broader; teeth acute; pedicel slightly curved when
dry. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld: Kaurin.
11.S.campylopoda Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves as in the last but the upper perichetial acute or
subacute. Capsule narrowly piriform finally sulcate; pedicel
strongly arcuate when moist. — Calcareous rocks r. Hur. A.
Blytt and H. W. Arnell. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

99. Brachydontium Bruch.
1.B.trichodes Weber fil. — Gymnostomum W. f.; Brachydon-
tium Bruch.

— 214 —

Leaves ovate-oblong shorter than the by costa nearly wholly
filled point, curled when dry. Capsule oblong sulcate when
dry; teeth pale truncate not reaching above annulus; lid rostel-
late; pedicel erect. Stems not tufted. — Rocks. ur. prine.
in middle and south. distr. Germany! France: Boulay. Austria:
Breidler. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

100. Trochobryum Breidler et Beck.
1.T.carniolicum Breidler et Beck.

Leaves subovate-oblong; the upper flexuous or deflexed with
a many times longer costa. Capsule rotundate or round-oval
not sulcate; teeth blood-red truncate; lid systylic convex with
short thick point; pedicel erect. — Moist calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Serbia: Ihe, com. C. Mueller.

101. Blindia Bruch et Schimper.
1. Eu-Blindia. Capsule exserted; lid soon deciduous; peri-
stome present. Dioecious.
II. Stylostegium. Capsule immersed; lid often systylic; peri-
stome none. Monoecious.
I. Ku-Blindia.
1.B.acuta Hudson. — Bryum Huds.; Blindia Br. eur.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate gradually acuminate, nearly
straight, gen. not much longer than the excurrent part of costa;
alar cells red large quadrate; costa us. smooth. Perichetial
leaves abruptly acuminate larger. Capsule suboval-piriform or
globose with short neck; lid red-rostrate; teeth red; annulus
not distinct; pedicel straight reddish. Tufts us. brown. —-
Wet rocks princ. in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Nor-
way, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser; Waghorne. Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen.
2.B.flexipes (Renauld et Cardot as var.) Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves as in the last but often falcate; costa denticulate
above, shorter-excurrent. Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate.
Capsule as in the last; pedicel flexuous arcuate yellow above.
Tufts green or yellowish green. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell, com. Cardot.

IL. Stylostegium Bryol. eur.
3.B.cespiticia Schwegrichen. — Anoectangium Schw.; Blindia
C. Mueller.

Leaves suboblong gradually acuminate nearly straight; alar
cells brown subquadrate; costa long-excurrent. Perichetial leaves
less gradually acuminate and very much larger; costa short-
excurrent. Capsule obovate or turbinate; lid yellow-rostrate;

ae =

pedicel straight yellowish. Resembling small forms of B. acuta
in habit. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway! Scotl.: Hunt.

Fam. 23. Grimmiacee.
102. Grimmia Ehrhart.

A. Leaves spirally twisted about stem when dry.

I. Streptophyllum. Leaf-cells more or less sinuous. Capsule
exserted smooth; pedicel longer, us. deflexed; lid not systylic;
peristome present. Dioecious r. fruiting.

B. Leaves not spirally twisted.

II. Eu-Grimmia. Leaf-cells not distinctly sinuous. Capsule
shorter than the gen. exserted pedicel; lid not systylic; peri-
stome present.

a. Leaves smooth obtusate entire and not sheathing, appressed
when dry and not patent when moist; cells large; hairpoint
very short or wanting. Dioecious.

1. Molliformes. Leaves large. Tufts gen. loose. Stem
elongate.

2. Velutine. Leaves very small. Tufts compact pulvinate
very low.

b. Leaves smooth or (in G. ccespiticia) papillose, us. acu-
minate, patent when moist; cells small; hairpoint often long.
Often monoecious. Tufts us. pulvinate.

3. Pulvinate. Leaves gradually narrowed or obtuse, not
sheathing; cells us. short. Capsule often striate; pedicel often
curved.

4. Alpestriformes. Leaves abruptly narrowed from half-
sheathing base; basal cells often long. Capsule not striate;
pedicel r. curved.

c. Leaves papillose crenulate, appressed when dry; cells
small.

5. Andreecides. Capsules unknown.

III. Pseudo-Racomitrium. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or subli-
near; cells (princ. the upper basal) sinuous, the inner basal
narrow-linear. Capsule as in Eu-Grimmia.

a. Leaves carinate above, often recurved below.

aa. Leaves (princ. the younger) papillose. Dioecious.

1. Papillosew. Leaves not crisped but often nearly appressed
when dry. Pedicel of capsule arcuate.

bb. Leaves smooth. Often monoecious.

2. Crispule. Leaves very narrow sublinear us, crisped.
Pedicel vf capsule arcuate or straight. Dioecious very r. fruiting.

— 216 —

8. Trichophylloidew. Leaves less narrow, ovate-lanceolate
not crisped. Capsule often striate-sulcate; pedicel arcuate when
moist. Plants often robust.

4. Ovateformes. Leaves ovate-lanceolate not crisped. Cap-
sule smooth; pedicel not arcuate. Plants gen. not robust.
b. Leaves channelled above, not recurved.

5. Unicoloriformes. Leaves smooth us. narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, not or faintly crisped; upper cells us. opake. Pe-
dicel straight or arcuate, sometimes not emergent. Dioecious.

IV. Pseudo-Schistidium. Leaf-cells sometimes sinuous. Cap-
sule immersed longer than pedicel; lid not systylic.

1. Pilifere. Leaves channelled or near apex carinate, re-
curved below at both sides; cells sinuous. Peristome present.
Dioecious.

2. Crinite. Leaves concave not recurved; cells often not
sinuous. Peristome present or wanting. Us. monoecious.

V. Schistidium. Leaf-cells sometimes sinuous. Capsule im-
mersed longer than pedicel; lid systylic. Monoecious.

1. Platyphylloidew. Leaves channelled; cells gen. not
sinuous.

2. Apocarpeformes. Leaves carinate; cells not r. sinuous.
I. Streptophyllum Kindb.
A. Leaves sublinear-subulate, gradually or nearly gradually

narrowed from the not distinctly sheathing and (when moist)
not appressed base; hairpoint short often wanting.

1.G.torquata Hornschuch.

Leaves gradually narrowed, open when moist; cells thick-
walled finally yellow, nearly all rectangular and sinuous; costa
pellucid. Tufts not cohering finally yellowish (when moist).
Capsule with arcuate pedicel. — Rocks princ. below alps. Eur.
Sweden!; Lindberg. Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. 8. fruiting: Leiberg, com. Mrs Britton.
2.G.prolifera C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves nearly gradually narrowed, spreading when moist;
cells thin-walled faintly yellowish: basal narrow-rectangular and
more or less sinuous, upper subquadrate not sinuous; costa
faintly pellucid. Tufts cohering blackish below. Capsules
unknown. Stem sometimes proliferous with long green loosely
foliated shoots. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun;
N. Foundl.: Waghorne.

— 27 —

B. Leaves abruptly narrowed from sheathing base; upper
cells short quadrate not sinuous; hairpoint often long.
3.G.funalis Schwegrichen. — Trichostomum Schw.; Grimmia
Schimp.

Leaves with subulate acumen, shorter than in G. torquata
and not large, us. brown when moist; cells not yellow: basal
rectangular, middle short-rectangular or subquadrate sinuous,
upper dusky very small and not well-defined; costa brown
opake; hairpoint often long. Capsule with arcuate pedicel.
Tufts not cohering, blackish or r. pale brown. Less r. fruiting.
— Alp. rocks. ur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: R.
Hartman. France: Husnot. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
4.G.tortifolia Kindb. enumer. bryin. dovrens. — G. strepto-
phylla Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Leaves small and short, subovate-oblong with acute or sub-
obtuse acumen, us. dark green when moist; cells gen. not
yellow: nearly all quadrate and not distinctly sinuous, only the
lowest basal rectangular hyaline; upper cells well-defined larger
than in the last and not dusky; costa not opake; hairpoint
very short us. wanting. Capsules unknown. Tufts densely
cohering, dark green when dry. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway
in Dovrefjeld!

*@.calvescens Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr. — G. imberbis
Kindb. botan. notiser.

Leaves small subovate or subovate-oblong gen. obtuse, green
when moist; cells not (or r. faintly) yellow: all basal rectangu-
lar, the middle faintly sinuous. Capsule suberect with nearly
straight pedicel. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway, Switzerl.!
Sweden: E. Nyman. Austria: Venturi. Amer. U. S.: Roell.
*G.pellucida Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 64.

Leaves larger and longer, ovate-lanceolate subacute bright
green; cells pale pellucid, nearly all quadrate and not distinctly
sinuous; costa pellucid. Capsules unknown. Tufts pale green
when dry. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane. isl: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell.

* G.pseudo-torquata Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves somewhat larger, ovate-lanceolate acute, green or. the
uppermost . yellow when moist; basal and middle cells sinuous
and rectangular; costa nearly opake. Capsules unknown. Ha-
bit of G. prolifera, — Alp. and subalp. rocks r. Hur. Norway
in Dovrefjeld and Gudbrandsdall Sweden in Jemtland: P
Dusén. !

15

— 218 —

*@.Ryani Kaurin.

Resembling a large form of G. funalis and more robust.
Leaves large broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, gen. brownish or
the uppermost pale yellow when moist; basal and middle cells
sinuous and rectangular; costa brown opake; hairpoint often
present. Capsule with arcuate pedicel. Tufts gen. not or loosely
cohering when moist, brown when dry, often high. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Norway!; Ryan, com. E. Nyman.

II. Eu-Grimmia.
1. Molliformes.
5.G.mollis Br. eur. — G. orthotrichoides Hartman.

Leaves crowded not carinate, oval-ovate or broadly ovate-
oblong; those of stem gen. acute, those of branches obtuse;
the acute leaves often furnished with a short hairpoint, the
others muticous. Perichetial leaves short-acuminate often with
longer hairpoint. Capsule smooth suboval not wholly exserted
above perichetial leaves; lid short-apiculate; pedicel straight
longer than capsule; calyptra cucullate. Tufts cohering and
brown-green when dry, about 2 c. m. or lower. R. fruiting. —
Moist alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway: Hj. Holmgren, detector of
this species. Sweden: E. Nyman. France: Husnot. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren.

*@.submersa Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves obtuse muticous decurrent loosely disposed; the peri-
chetial obtuse or subacute r. with short hyaline point. Capsule
wholly exserted. Tufts dark green, less or not cohering. Stem
3—5 c. m. or much longer. Very r. fruiting. — Rocks in
alp. rivulets r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

2. Velutine.
6.G.Mannie C. Mueller in Flora 1887.

Leaves broad-ovate subobtuse, carinate above, not recurved;
cells subquadrate, the upper dusky; hairpoint sometimes present.
Capsule suboval red-brown not striate; lid conic; pedicel arcuate
or finally erect. Tufts dark green when dry, about 0,5 c. m.
high. — Amer. r. U. S. Calif.: Mrs Mann, com. C. Mueller.
7.G.velutina Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. — »G. Mannie» cat.
Can. m.

Leaves as in the last but recurved all around and not cari-
nate; cells subquadrate pellucid; hairpoint r. present. Tufts
brown and velvetlike when dry, low as in the last but more
compact. Capsules unknown. — Dry rocks r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

— 219 —

3. Pulvinate.
A. Leaves carinate above. Pedicel of capsule arcuate when
young and moist. Us. monoecious.

8.G.pulvinata L. — Bryum L.; Grimmia Smith.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong, more or less recurved below. Cap-
sule emergent brown striate either oval-oblong rostellate or
broad-oval with mamillate lid; calyptra mitriform. Tufts 1—2
c. m. high. — Rocks and stone-walls in lower districts. Hur.
not uncommon. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl.! Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

*G.Philiberti Britton in Torr. bot. club XVIII, 2.

»Leaves narrower, recurved all around, often with propagula;
basal cells rectangular. Capsule smooth; lid rostellate. Dioe-
cious. — Amer. r. Idaho: Leiberg»: Britton 1. c.

9.G.orbicularis Bruch.

Lower leaves ovate-oblong, the upper ovate-lanceolate not
recurved at one side. Capsule emergent brown suboval faintly
striate; lid obtuse; calyptra cucullate. Tufts about 1c. m.
high. — On stone. ur. princ. in southern distr., somewhat
r. Germany: Schimper. France: Zetterstedt. Italy: Arcangeli.
Engl.: Rogers.

B. Leaves neither carinate nor recurved. Capsule not striate;
pedicel not arcuate when moist. Dioecious.
10.G.campestris Burchell. — G. leucophea Greville.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtuse concave; basal cells
subquadrate; hairpoint nearly smooth and long. Capsule oval
reddish brown scarcely emergent; lid short-apiculate; annulus
revoluble; calyptra mitriform. Tufts about 1,5 c. m. high. —
Siliceous rocks. Hur. not r. in lower districts. Sweden, Switzerl.!
Amer. U. S8.: Roell.

* G.sarcocalyx Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves with more distinctly denticulate hairpoint. Capsule
broad-oval more emergent by the twice longer pedicel; lid obli-
quely rostellate. — Subalp. regions r. Amer, Can.: Macoun.
11.G.tenella C. Mueller.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate channelled; lowest basal cells short-
rectangular; hairpoint short or none. Capsule oblong pale brown
small; lid apiculate or rostellate; calyptra cucullate; pedicel
curved when dry. Tufts about 1,5 c. m. high, blackish when
dry. — Rocks in alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
U. 8.: Roell.

— 220 —

4, Alpestriformes.

A. Leaves distinctly sulcate, papillose above and carinate;
12.G.cespiticia Bridel. — Dryptodon Brid.; Grimmia Juratzka.
G. sulcata Sauter.

Leaves ovate-oblong obtuse, not recurved below, suberect
when moistened; basal cells short; hairpoint very short us.
wanting. Capsule oblong-cylindric chestnut-brown; lid conic;
pedicel straight. Tufts olive-green 0,5--2 c. m. high, very
dense. Dioecious. — Rocks and stone-walls r. Hur, Switzerl.!
Austria: Schimper. France: Husnot.

* G.aretica C. Mueller.

»Leaves shorter, cucullate at apex. — Amer. Greenl.»: C. M.
in Lange, Greenl. fl.

B. Leaves not or (sometimes in G. alpestris) faintly sulcate,
smooth. aa ,

a. Leaves channelled, not recurved below. Capsule long-
exserted. Us. dioecious.
13.G.commutata Huebener. -—- Dicranum ovatum Swartz;
Grimmia Weber et Mohr.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, flat or subinvolute above, patent
when moist, the uppermost much larger; basal cells long, the
upper short and opake; hairpoint rough not long, sometimes
wanting. Capsule oval brown; lid rostellate; annulus broad;
pedicel straight. Tufts very loose, grayish green above, brown
or blackish below, 2—4 centim. high. Dioecious. — Rocks,
gen. siliceous, princ. below alps. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

14.G.teretinervis Limpricht.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, involute nearly all
around, suberect when moist; nearly all cells short; hairpoint
us, wanting. Tufts blackish. Stem often with brood-corpuscles.
Capsules unknown. — Calcareous rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria:
Gander. Greece: Haussknecht.

15.G.arctophila Kindb. rev. bryol. 1896.

Leaves ovate-oblong, involute above, suberect when moist,
appressed when dry, the uppermost not larger; basal cells gen.
short, the upper short opake; hairpoint not long. Capsule
suboblong brownish; lid apiculate; annulus indistinct; pedicel
straight. Tufts cohering us. blackish when dry, about 3 c. m.
high. — Amer. ry. Greenl.: Berggren. Can. Cypress hills;
Macoun. : .

a= 99]

*@.labradorica Kindb. n. subsp.

Tufts about 1 c. m. high, brown-green. Inner (lower) basal
leaf-cells long. Lid of capsule obliquely rostellate. — Amer.
r. Can.: Northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.
16.G.tenerrima Renauld et Cardot. — G. nivalis Kindb. bull.
Torr. club XVII.

Leaves very broad at base, broadly ovate-oblong, us. recurved
in upper part, patent when moist, the uppermost not larger;
basal cells short somewhat large, the upper short opake; hair-
point us. wanting, in perichetial leaves somewhat long. Cap-
sule oblong-oval brownish; lid muticous or obliquely rostellate;
annulus indistinct; pedicel us. curved when dry. Tufts us.
cohering, blackish when dry, about 1 c. m. high. — Rocks in
alp. region r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell;
Henderson, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves carinate. Capsule us. not exserted above peri-
chetial leaves.
17.G.montana Bryol. eur.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, not recurved below, patent when
moist; basal cells long; hairpoint long and rough. Capsule
oval-oblong reddish brown; lid rostellate; annulus nearly indi-
stinct; pedicel straight distinctly exserted above perichetial
leaves. Tufts cohering' us. green, about 1—2 c. m. high.
Dioecious. — Rocks also below alps. Hur. not r. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Germany: Schimper. Amer. r. Can., Brit.
Col.: Macoun.
18.G.alpestris Schleicher.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, not recurved
below, gen. patent when moist; basal cells short; hairpoint long
nearly smooth. Capsule brown us. oblong-cylindric; lid muti-
cous; annulus indistinct; pedicel straight. Tufts us. cohering,
blackish or grayish green when dry, glaucous green when moist,
about 1c. m. high. Us. dioecious. — Alp. rocks. Hur. less
r. Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
*@G.Ungeri Juratzka.

Capsule oval; lid apiculate. Monoecious. — Kur. x. Scotl.:
Fergusson.

* G.subsuleata Limpricht.

Leaves faintly sulcate. Capsule pale brown; pedicel some-
times curved (in Austrian specimens straight). Often monoe-
cious. »Capsule with large stomata»: Limpricht. — Alp.
region r. Hur. Switzerl.| Austria: Gander.

— 222 —

19.G.subsquarrosa Wilson; Braithwaite. — »G. Muehlenbeckii
var.» Limpricht. ;

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recurved below at both sides, sprea-
ding when moist; inner basal cells quadrate, the alar rectan-
gular; hairpoint long rough. Capsules unknown. Tufts fuscous-
green above, 1—3 c. m. high. Stem with brood-corpuscles,
— Rocks r. Eur. Engl.: H. Boswell. Belgium: Gravet.

5. Andreeoidee.
20.G.(?) andrexoides Limpricht.

»Leaves obtuse muticous concave not carinate and not recur-
ved, appressed when dry; the uppermost suddenly larger from
ovate-oblong base gradually acuminate; the lower and those of
shoots ovate-oblong very small; upper cells round-oval, lower
gen. rectangular; costa with brood-corpuscles. Capsules unknown.
Tufts reddish or blackish brown. Stem 1,5 c. m. high or lower
with numerous shoots. Allied to G. torquata, but leaves not
are twisted. —- Rocks in alp. region r. Hur. Austria: Breidler»:
Limpricht. ;

III, Pseudo-Racomitrium Kindb.
1. Papillose.
21.G.elatior Bruch.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, recurved below to middle on
both sides; middle cells subquadrate or short-rectangular; alar
cells rectangular; costa papillose; hairpoint nearly smooth often
long. Capsule oval sulcate or costate; lid rostrate; pedicel often
not emergent above perichetial leaves. Plants robust often
high. Tufts loose, blackish below, fuscous green above. —
Rocks prince. below alps. Hur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.! Norway:
M. N. Blytt. Amer. »Greenl.: Vahl»: Lange.

*G.papillosa Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw. — G. elatior
var. subfunalis Limpricht.

Leaves more distinctly papillose, less acute, more appressed
when dry; hairpoint short or wanting. Tufts lower (about 3
c. m.) blackish green more dense. Capsules not found. —
Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway!

*@.anomala Hampe.

»Leaves subobtuse often with brood-corpuscles at apex; hair-
point short dentate or wanting. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria
and Switzer].»: Limpricht.
22.G.Lise Notaris.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, not distinctly recurved below
at one side, subfalcate when moistened; nearly all cells rectan-

— 223 —

gular, alar not hyaline; hairpoint rough often short. Capsule
oblong nearly smooth. Stem about 2 c. m. high. Habit of.
G. trichophylla. — Rocks rx. Eur. Switzerl.! Belgium: Gravet..
Italy: Venturi. Amer. Can. Rocky mts and Vane. isl.: Macoun.

*@.sardoa Notaris; C. Mueller syn.

»Leaves curved at apex, revolute to above middle; lower:
cells short. Capsule globose. Plants small. — Eur. r. Italy:
Notariss: C. M.

2. Crispulee. ;
23.G.ineurva Schweegrichen. — Dicranum contortum Wahlen-
berg; Grimmia Schimper.

Leaves sublinear-subulate with thickened borders, gen. crisped;
cells green or pale yellow: the middle oval-quadrate, the upper
small dusky; basal cells large, the alar rectangular; hairpoint
short or none. Capsule oval-oblong; annulus broad; pedicel
deflexed. Tufts soft us., tomentose, green or blackish, often
somewhat high. In open places the leaves not are distinctly
crisped. — Rocks princ. in crevices in alp. region r. Hur.
Norway, Switzerl.| Sweden: E. Adlerz; J. Persson (fruit.). Ger-
many: Schimper. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. 8. Oregon:
Roell.
24.G.hamulosa Lesquereux.

Differs from the last: Leaves falcate muticous not thickened
at borders; cells brown, the lower less elongate; costa brown,
stouter and subexcurrent. Tufts loose blackish. »Capsule
larger; annulus none»: Lesq. et Jam. — Higher alp. region r.
Amer. U. 8S. Calif.: Boleender, com. C. Mueller.
25.G.atrata Mielichhofer.

Leaves sublinear subobtuse with thickened borders, crisped
when dry, patent-erect when moist; cells pale green in younger
state: the middle short-rectangular, the upper round-quadrate
sinuous, the alar subquadrate; costa very stout; hairpoint very
short nearly smooth us. wanting. Capsule oblong-cylindric or
oval; annulus broad; pedicel straight. Tufts very tomentose,
blackish when dry, brown-green when moist, often high. —
Alp. region princ. on copper-rusty rocks r. Eur. Norway, Spain!
Austria: Schimper.
3. Trichophylloidee.

A. Leaves narrow, not recurved below, nearly flat at borders.
Tufts dense and cohering, about 1—2 centim. high. Capsule
small not striate.

— 224 —

a. Capsule nearly immersed, scarcely emergent above peri-
chetial leaves; calyptra cucullate. Dioecious.

26.G.ortholoma Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves long, nearly appressed when dry; nearly all ‘cells
sinuous, middle rectangular; hairpoint long nearly smooth.
Capsule very small; Jid with short conic or oblique beak.
Tufts 1—2 c. m- high. Leaves often with brown branched
brood-filaments. — Amer, r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Capsule distinctly emergent, yellowish; calyptra mitriform.
Monoecious.

27.G.apiculata Hornschuch.

Leaves subobtuse; cells yellow in younger state: middle and
upper short sinuous, alar rectangular; hairpoint short smooth.
Capsule oval; lid apiculate or mamillate. Tufts about 1 c. m.
high. Habit of G. ovata. — Alp. region r. Eur. Norway!
Austria: Breidler. .

28.G.Holleri Molendo.

Differs from the last: Leaves with longer hairpoint; nearly
all cells narrow. Capsule oblong with wider mouth; lid with
longer beak. Tufts about 2 c. m. high. — Higher alp. region
r. Eur, Austria: Breidler.
29.G.arenaria Hampe. — G. curvula Br. et Schimp.

Leaves subacute very narrow sublinear; cells faintly sinuous
nearly all short, the lowest rectangular; hairpoint long smooth.
Capsule suboval; lid obtuse muticous. Tufts less than 1 centim.
high. — Rocks and stone-walls also in alp. region r. Eur.
Switzerl.! Belgium: Schimper.

B. Leaves more or less recurved. Stem often long.

a. Angular (alar) leaf-cells indistinct or uniseriate. Dioecious.
Leaves with obsolete or wanting hairpoint.

30.G.patens Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Grimmia Br. eur.

Differs from other species in the at back bilamellate costa
of leaves.

Leaves long, recurved below middle at both sides, nearly
appressed when dry; nearly all cells us. sinuous, the middle
and alar subquadrate or short-rectangular, the inner basal long.
Capsule subovate pale brown not striate; lid rostrate. Tufts
us. loose and green; stem 5—10 c. m. long, r. shorter. Re-
sembles some species of Racomitrium. Not r. fruiting. — Moist
quartzose rocks also below alps. Hur. not r. Sweden common,
Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun.

— 225 —

*G.subsimplex Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895.

Stem nearly simple, 83—4 c. m. high. Leaves less appressed
when dry, not recurved below at one side, sometimes with
brood-corpuscles; upper cells not sinuous. Capsules unknown.
Habit of G. Hartmani. — Siliceous alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzer.
near Goeschenen!

31.G.robustifolia Kindb. — Racomitrium Kindb. bull. Torr.
club XVIT; R. obscurum Kindb. in Macoun Canad. musci
exsicc.

Leaves long, not recurved above at least at one side, faintly
crisped and not appressed when dry}; nearly all cells sinuous,
the middle rectangular, the upper subquadrate. Capsule small
oval, striate or plicate when dry; lid with very short oblique
beak. Tufts 83—6 c. m. high, dark green, finally blackish
brown. — Rocks in brooks of higher alp. region r. Amer, Pacif.
distr. Can. 1800—2100 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

b. Angular (alar) leaf-cells pluriseriate and rectangular.
Dioecious. Stem gen. not high.
32.G.trichophylla Greville.

Leaves long, not distinctly recurved below at one side; middle
cells short-rectangular, the upper roundish-quadrate faintly si-
nuous; hairpoint nearly smooth often long. Capsule oblong
costate or rugose. Stem us. 1 c. m. (in Canad. specimens of-
ten 2 c. m.) high. Tufts loose greenish. —- Rocks. Eur. prince.
below alps, not r. in southern districts. Switzerl.! Germany:
Schimper. France: Husnot. Amer. Can. common in Pacif.
distr: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
33.@.Muehlenbeckii Schimper.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter and broader, nearly
appressed when dry; upper cells distinctly sinuous; hairpoint
longer and rough. Capsule oval gen. smooth. — Rocks princ.
in northern districts. Hur. Sweden common, Norway, Switzerl.|
Amer. ry. Can.: Macoun.
34.G.californica Sullivant.

Leaves somewhat small, acute, recurved below at both sides,
the upper with long faintly rough hairpoint; cells yellow: the
middle and upper round quadrate very small, not or faintly
sinuous; alar cells short-rectangular. Capsule oval faintly striate;
teeth often subpartite. Tufts dense brown 2—3 centim. high.
— Amer, y. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Boleender, com.
C. Mueller.

— 226 —

*@.Watsoni Lesquereux et James.

»Leaves scarcely hair-pointed. Capsule oval-oblong. —- Amer.
U. 8. Calif.»: Lesq. et J.
35.G.depilata Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves somewhat small, gen. obtuse and hairless, r. with
obsolete hairpoint, recurved below at both sides; middle cells
quadrate, the upper round-quadrate not sinuous. Capsule oval
not sulcate, often with oblique beak. Tufts dense dark brown
or dark green above, 8—4 c. m. high. — Not much distinct
from the last, but approved by C. M. — Dry rocks r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can. Vane. isl: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

’-@. Angular leaf-cells pluriseriate quadrate. Stem gen. long.
Plants robust. Tufts loose.

aa. Monoecious. Capsule costate. Stem about 3—4c. m. long.
36.G.decipiens Schultz. — Trichostomum Schultz; Grimmia
Lindb.; G. funalis Br, eur.

Leaves recurved below at both sides, more or less flexuous
when dry, the uppermost very long; middle cells rectangular,
the upper subquadrate distinctly sinuous; hairpoint us. long
and rough. Capsule oval. Perichetial leaves subulate-acuminate.
Tufts blackish below, yellowish green or brown above. — Sili-
ceous rocks also below alps. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.!

bb. Dioecious. Capsule not distinctly striate. Stem gen.
very long.
37.G.Hartmani Schimper.

Leaves long, not distinctly recurved below at one side, more
or less flexuous; middle and upper cells roundish-quadrate si-
nuous, nearly all basal short, the alar not hyaline; hairpoint
short rough or wanting, often destructed by brood-corpuscles.
Capsule oval. Tufts us. green and 5—10 c. m. high. Very
r. fruiting. -—- Rocks often below alps. ur. not r. Sweden
common, Switzerl.! Corsica fruiting: Philibert.
38.G.arcuatifolia Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves long, recurved below at both sides, distinctly falcate
when moist, not flexuous when dry; middle cells rectangular,
upper subquadrate not sinuous. Upper leaves: gradually larger
upwards; hairpoint short rough. Capsules unknown. Tufts
dark green above, about 5 c. m. high. — Dry rocks r. Amer.
Can., Vance. isl: Macoun.
39.G.canadensis Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves somewhat long, recurved below at both sides, flexuous
when dry; middle cells rectangular, the upper subquadrate

— 227 —

distinctly sinuous, the alar hyaline very numerous. Capsule
small oval. Tufts yellowish or brownish green, 4—5 c. m.
high. Branches curved. — Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl.: Macoun.
40.G.procera Kindb. (in litt. ad Macoun 1892); revue bryol.
1896. — G. pachyphylla Leiberg bull. Torr. club 1893 ?

Leaves long, recurved nearly all around, nearly appressed
when dry; cells yellow, the upper short and not or faintly
sinuous, the alar few, the inner basal long; hairpoint short
and rough, sometimes wanting. Tufts brownish. Stem 5—10
c. m. long. Habit of G. patens. —- Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl.:
Macoun. (U. S.: Leiberg ?)

4. Ovateeformes.

A. Tufts cohering, us. pulvinate. Stem ]—2 ec. m. high.
Gen. monoecious, us. fruiting.
41.G.ovata Weber et Mohr. -- G. ovalis Lindb.

Lower leaves small, the upper ovate-lanceolate, recurved
below at one side, nearly appressed when dry; middle and
upper cells short indistinctly sinuous, the alar quadrate or
short-rectangular; hairpoint us. long and nearly smooth, some-
times wanting. Capsule brown oblong-oval; lid rostellate;
annulus deciduous; calyptra us. mitriform. Tufts us. greenish.
Monoecious. — Rocks also below alps. Eur. common in nor-
thern districts. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

*G@.Hausmanni Notaris.

»Leaves muticous. Capsule with apiculate or obtuse lid.
Tufts brown-green. — Eur. Austria»: Limpricht.
42.G.sessitana Notaris.

Differs from G. ovata: Leaves nearly uniform; hairpoint short.
Capsule pale-brown; pedicel less elongate; lid not rostellate;
annulus indistinct; calyptra cucullate. Tufts blackish. Dioe-
cious. — Rocks also below alps r. Hur. Norway, Switzerl.!
Italy: Levier.
43.G.Donii Smith.

Leaves not long, not recurved at base; upper cells subqua-
drate sinuous, middle short-rectangular, the alar and the very.
narrow (inner) basal longer; hairpoint long nearly smooth. Cap-
sule oval pale-yellow; lid mamillate; calyptra us. mitriform;
pedicel not or scarcely emergent above perichetial leaves. Tufts
small dusky or blackish green, us. about 1 c. m. high or
lower. Monoecious, — Alp. regions. Hur. gen. r. Norway!
Amer, r. Can.; Macoun,

2 98 =

44.G.microtricha C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from the last: Leaves with short hairpoint and shorter,
less distinctly sinuous cells. Capsule oblong brown; lid short-
conic; pedicel distinctly exserted. Dioecious or (on distinct
branches) monoecious. Tufts blackish below. — Subalp. region
r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

_B. Tufts not or loosely cohering, 3—8 c. m. high. Gen.
dioecious r. fruiting.

a. Leaves sublinear subobtuse, appressed when dry; lower
cells not sinuous; hairpoint us. indistinct.

45.G.elongata Kaulfuss.
_ Leaves somewhat short and short-acuminate, faintly recurved
below at one side; cells yellow in younger state: upper round-
quadrate sinuous, middle and alar short-rectangular; hairpoint
short often wanting. Capsule oval pale brown; lid short-conic
obtuse. Tufts blackish when dry, brown-green when moist,
somewhat low and more cohering in fruiting state. — Alp.
region r. Eur, Norway! Austria: Venturi. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

b. Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute, nearly appressed when dry;
nearly all cells (exc. at base near costa) sinuous. Upper leaves
with short hairpoint.

46.G.microcarpa Gmelin. — Bryum Gm.; Grimmia Lindb,;
Racomitrium sudeticum Br. eur.

Leaves more or less recurved below; upper and middle cells
short, the alar uniseriate quadrate more dilated. Capsule sub-
oval small; lid rostrate. Perichetial leaves with sublinear acu-
men. Tufts blackish or dark brown when dry. — Moist alp.
rocks gen. r. Eur. Norway, Spain! Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

47.G.attenuata C. M. et Kindb. — Racomitrium C. M. et
Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves recurved nearly all around, suberect and nearly
straight when moist; upper cells short, the middle rectangular,
the alar long narrow often pluriseriate. Capsule suboval; lid
subobtuse or apiculate. Tufts fuscous green above, blackish
below. Habit of G. elatior. — Alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit
Col.: Macoun.

ce. Leaves sublinear acute appressed when dry; lower bagal
cells not sinuous; hairpoint of upper leaves long. Dioecious.
Capsules unknown.

— 229 —

48.G.Stirtoni Schimper; Braithwaite.

Leaves not recurved; lower basal cells rectangular, the others

small subquadrate. — Rocks r. Eur, »Scotl.»: Braithwaite.
5. Unicoloriformes.

A. Lower leaf-cells very sinuous.
49.G.elliptica Turner. — Dicranum Turn.; Grimmia Arnott;
Racomitrium Br. eur.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtuse muticous, nearly ap-
pressed when dry; lower cells narrow, upper small dusky.
Capsule broad-oval; lid long-rostrate; calyptra mitriform; pedicel
straight. Tufts loose blackish when dry, not bigh. ~— Damp
schistose rocks princ. near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway: R.
Hartman; F. Kier; E. Nyman, |

B. Lower leaf-cells not sinuous.

a. Leaves obtuse muticous. Pedicel straight. Tufts loose.
50.G.unicolor Hooker.

Leaves often faintly crisped when dry; cells faintly sinuous,
nearly all short yellow, uppermost opake very small. Capsule
brown oval-oblong; lid rostellate; calyptra us. mitriform. Tufts
about 4 c. m, or higher, blackish or brown-green when dry.
R. fruiting. — Wet rocks often near cascades princ..in alps.
Eur, less r. Norway, Switzerl.!| Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves acute with often long hairpoint. Pedicel arcuate.
Tufts densely cohering.
51.G.Olmeyi Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves appressed when dry, upper very Jong; cells greenish:
inner basal rectangular, alar quadrate, middle less distinctly
sinuous, upper opake very small. Capsule brown oval; lid
rostrate; calyptra cucullate; pedicel short not emergent; annulus
revoluble. Tufts 2—3 c. m. high us. grayish green. — Amer. r,
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Sullivant et Lesq., com. C. Mueller.
52.G.Austini Kindb. revue bryol. 1894.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer and subflexuous, fag
appressed when dry; mi'dle cells distinctly sinuous. Pedicel
longer; calyptra mitriform. — Amer. r. U. 8. New Jersey: Austin,
com. Macoun.
58.G.fragilis Schimper syn. ed. 2.

Leaves brittle nearly appressed; nearly all cells short: guia
short-rectangular larger, alar rectangular hyaline, middle qua-
drate sinuous, upper opake very small; hairpoint rough, in up-
permost leaves long. Capsule pale brown small oblong; lid
obliquely rostellate; calyptra unknown; pedicel short. but emer-

— 230 —

gent. Tufts fuscous about 1 c. m. high. — Granitic blocks in
subalp. region r. Hur. Portugal: E. Levier.
IV. Pseudo-Schistidium Kindb.
1. Pilifere.
54.G.pilifera Palisot de Beauvois; C. M. — Weisia Roebling;
Grimmia pennsylvanica Sulliv. icon. muse.

Leaves long ovate-lanceolate acute, not appressed but faintly
flexuous when dry; upper cells subquadrate sinuous, the others
rectangular exc. the subquadrate alar; hairpoint brown below,
not long. Capsule oval; lid rostrate; calyptra mitriform; pedi-
cel straight; annulus broad revoluble. Tufts loose brown about

2c. m. high. — Amer. Can.: Drummond n. 56, com. Macoun.
U. S.: Austin, com. Macoun; Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
2. Crinite.

A. Annulus of capsule broad revoluble; peristome present.

a. Leaves short obtusate obtuse concave; cells sinuous. Cap-
sule red-brown, rugose when dry; pedicel curved; calyptra cu-
cullate. Monoecious.

55.G.ecrinita Bridel.

Leaves not thickened at borders: lower sublong, upper obovate-
oblong larger; upper cells quadrate, middle short-rectangular,
lower long hyaline; hairpoint long. Capsule ovate; lid short-
conic. Tufts grayish loosely cohering, 1 c. m. or lower. —
Stone-walls. Hur. princ. in southern districts. Switzerl.! France:
Zetterstedt. Austria: Schmidt.

b. Leaves somewhat long-acuminate acute carinate above;
cells sinuous. Capsule pale yellow not rugose; pedicel straight;
ealyptra mitriform. Monoecious.

56.G.triformis Carestia et Notaris.

Lower leaves small; upper larger and broadly ovate-lanceolate,
not appressed when dry, us. curved when moistened; cells yel-
lowish small quadrate exc. the rectangular lower basal, alar
hyaline numerous; hairpoint nearly smooth, in upper leaves long.
Capsule subglobose-cyathiform; lid convex mamillate. Tufts
green 1—2 c. m. high. — In alps r. Hur. Switzerl.! Italy:
Carestia, com. Geheeb.
57.G.Ganderi Limpricht.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer acuminate, not curved
when moistened; upper ‘cells oval-oblong; hairpoint long. Lid
of capsule short-conic. — Schistose alp. rocks r. — Hur. Austria:
Gander, com. E. Adlerz.

— 231 —

c. Leaves gen. long-acuminate, sometimes papillose near
apex; cells not sinuous. Pedicel of capsule straight. Dioecious.
58.G.tergestina Tommasini.

Leaves with thickened borders, ovate-lanceolate somewhat
jJarge: upper with long faintly denticulate hairpoint; basal cells
narrow-rectangular, the others short; costa not dilated above.
Capsule brown suboval; lid rostellate. Tufts pulvinate often
2—3 c. m. high, grayish when dry. — Calcareous rocks and
stones r. Hur. southern distr. Switzerl.! Austria: Schimper;
Roell. Italy: Bottini. France: Philibert.

B. Leaves smooth gen. obtusate: lower obtuse muticous.
Pedicel of capsule curved; annulus narrow persistent. Monoe-
cious.

a. Peristome present.
59.G.plagiopodia Hedwig.

Upper leaves oblong with nearly smooth not long hairpotnts
cells not sinuous, gen. short, basal larger. Capsule pale brown
subglobose or broad-oval; lid nearly Hat or subconvex, mamil-
late or apiculate; teeth orange. Tufts green or brown-green not
cohering, scarcely 1 c. m. high. — Dry rocks prince. of sand-
stone. Hur. less r. in southern distr. Germany: Schimper;
Schulze. France: Husnot m. gall. Amer. r. Can.:: Macouni
*G.Brandegei Austin.

Perichetial leaves hyaline above often to middle; hairpoint
rough very long. Capsule subglobose; pedicel very short. —
Amer, r. Can.: Macoun.

b. Peristome us. wanting.
60.G.anodon Bryol. eur.

Upper leaves narrowly ovate-oblong acute with long nearly
smooth hairpoint; cells not sinuous: basal. narrow-rectangular,
the others short; costa broader above. Capsule red-yellow broad-
ova], finally subpomiform; lid low subconvex mamillate or api-
culate; peristome none. Perichetial leaves larger and longer;
basal cells very long. Tufts not or loosely cohering grayish
green about 1 c. m. high. — Dry rocks also in alps. Eur.
less r. Norway! Germany: Schimper. Austria: Venturi. Amer, r:
Can.: Macoun.
61.G.alpina Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr.; revue bryol. 1896. —
»G. plagiopodia»: Zetterstedt; »G. anodon»: Limpricht; G. Lim-
prichtii Kern.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, ovate or broadly ovate-
oblong obtuse without hairpoint;. cells often sinuous gen. sub-

— 232 —

quadrate. Lid of capsule convex neither apiculate nor mamil-
late; teeth sometimes rudimentary. Perichetial leaves : with
somewhat long hairpoint; basal cells short- rectangular. Tufts
cohering brown-green about 2 c. m. high. — Rocks in higher
subalp. region r. Hur. Norway in Dovrefjeld! Austria: Kern.
V. Schistidium Bridel.
1. Platyphylloidez.

A. Leaves not appressed when dry; hairpoint wanting.

- a. Leaves denticulate near the obtuse apex, broadly acu-
minate.
62.G.rivularis Bridel.

Leaves large ovate-lanceolate; cells large. Perichetial leaves
broadly obtusate; costa abbreviate. Capsule obovate finally
turbinate; teeth red, larger than in G. apocarpa; lid short-poin-
ted; calyptra cucullate. Tufts loose. Stem decumbent, 3—6
c. m. or longer. — Stones in water not common. Eur. Finl.:
Brotherus. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves entire nearly subulate.
63.G.maritima Turner.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recurved crowded us. crisped when
dry; the upper with us, excurrent costa. Capsule as in the
last; teeth orange; lid rostellate; calyptra us. cucullate. Tufts
dense pulvinate 1—2 c. m. high. — Rocks near sea or larger
lakes. Eur. not r. Sweden! Ireland: Schimper. France: Le
Jolis. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Roell; Waghorne.

*@.Agassizii Sulliv. et Lesq. — Schistidium S. L.; Grimmia
Lg. et J.; G. crassinervis C. M.

Leaves less crisped; costa not or indistinctly execurrent. Lid
of capsule sometimes with shorter point. — Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
64.G.cinclidodontea C. Mueller.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate not recurved, loosely dispo-
sed, falcate when moistened; costa long-excurrent. »Capsule
subglobose; teeth red; lid rostellate; calyptra mitriform>: C. M.
Tufts not cohering; stem about {—5 c. m. long. — Amer. r.
Pacif. distr. U. S.: Roell, com. C. Mueller.

B. Leaves entire nearly or completely appressed when dry,
often with hairpoint. Stem erect.

a. Stem-leaves short obtuse ovate or ovate-oblong.
65.G.platyphylla Mitten.

Leaves subovate muticous more or less recurved and not
large, appressed when dry, not curved when moistened; peri-

—- 233 —

chetial not much larger. Capsule subglobose; teeth red; lid
short-pointed or mamillate; calyptra cucullate. Tufts 1—3c.m.

high, somewhat loose us. green. — Alp. rivulets r. Hur. Nor-
wayl Amer. Can.: Macoun.

66.G.brunnescens Limpricht. — Schistidium Lpr.; Grimmia
Kindb.

Leaves small ovate-oblong muticous or with short rough
hairpoint, not recurved, nearly appressed when dry, curved
when moistened; perichetial not much larger with longer hair-
point. Capsule subglobose or broad-oval; teeth orange; lid
short-pointed; calyptra mitriform. Tufts dense 1—1,5 c. m.
high. — Higher subalp. region r. Hur. Switzerl.!

b. Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate. Tufts dense.
67.G.flaccida Notaris. — Anoectangium Not.; Grimmia Lindb.;
G. spherica Schimper; Gymnostomum pulvinatum Hoffmann 1796.

Leaves somewhat large acuminate, recurved only in middle,
with nearly smooth often long hairpoint; perichetial larger and
more recurved. Capsule subglobose finally turbinate; teeth
orange often rudimentary or wanting; lid mamillate; calyptra
mitriform. Tufts 0,5—1,5 c. m. high often green. — Rocks
and stone-walls r. Hur. Switzerl., Italy! Austria: Breidler.
68.G.alpicola Swartz.

Leaves not large, broadly acuminate subobtuse and recurved,
muticous or with indistinct hairpoint; perichetial not much
larger. Capsule suboblong often nearly exserted; teeth red; lid
short-pointed; calyptra cucullate. Tufts 1—5 c. m. high us.
brown or brown-green. — Moist alp. rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.,
Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
69.G.heterophylla Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII. — G. cosci-
nodontoides Kindb. 1. ¢.; G. chloroblasta Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves small narrowly acuminate nearly subulate, not di-
stinctly recurved, with an often long rough hairpoint; periche-
tial green larger and longer. Capsule oblong; teeth orange very
cribrose. Tufts 1—1,5 c, m. high dark green or grayish when
dry. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

2. Apocarpezeformes.

A. Leaves princ. the youngest serrulate above often to middle;
cells sinuous; costa rough at back.
70.G.gracilis Schleicher.

Leaves not large, ovate-lanceolate broadly acuminate recurved,
nearly appressed when dry, curved when moistened; perichetial
larger; hairpoint rough often long. Capsule oblong; teeth fer-

16

— 234 —

ruginous below, pale yellow above; lid rostellate; calyptra cucul-
late or mitriform. Tufts loose often pale brown. Stem 2—10
c. m. long, sometimes decumbent. — Rocks also in alps not r.
Eur. Norway, Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot m. gall.
Amer. Can,: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne. U. S§.: Austin.
71.G.pseudo-rivularis Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves larger and broader, narrowed
to a short-subulate point, patent when dry; cells less sinuous;
costa subexcurrent rough only in upper part. Capsule oval;
teeth red; calyptra mitriform. Stem long decumbent. Tufts
green. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* G.lancifolia Kindb. n. subsp. — G. coloradensis Austin ?

Leaves narrower and less acute sometimes with obsolete rough
hairpoint; costa not excurrent. Stem not long. — Wet rocks r.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves entire or near apex faintly serrulate, us. curved
when moistened; costa smooth or near apex faintly rough.
Stem us. erect.

a. Leaves recurved, the perichetial much larger,
72.G.apocarpa L. —— Bryum L.; Grimmia Hedwig.

Leaves broadly acuminate us. ovate-lanceolate and not ap-
pressed when dry, gen. with rough hairpoint; cells us. papillose
and faintly sinuous. Capsule suboval; teeth red; lid rostellate;
calyptra mitriform. Tufts us. loose. — Rocks also in alps
common. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Waghorne.

*G.pachyneurula C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves small muticous; cells smooth thin-walled not sinuous.
— Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
73.G.pruinosa Wilson. — G. ambigua Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves small broadly ovate-lanceolate subobtuse muticous or
with rough often short hairpoint, appressed when dry; cells
sinuous. Capsule suboval; pedicel sometimes as long; teeth
reddish or paler; lid short-pointed; calyptra cucullate. Tufts loose
about 1c. m. high. In alps r. Hur. Norway!; Bryhn. Swe-
den: E. Nyman. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. &.:
Fendler, com. C. Mueller.
74.G.atrofusea Schimper.

Leaves small short ovate or oval-oblong us. muticous, ap-
pressed when dry; cells not sinuous. Capsule suboval; teeth
reddish orange short and not perfectly evolute; lid rostellate;
calyptra mitriform. Tufts loosely cohering about 2c. m. high,

98h

blackish when dry. — Higher alp. region prince. on summits r.
Eur. Switzerl. 1700 metr. a. 8.1

b. Leaves not recurved; the perichetial much larger.
75.G.atricha C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves small short ovate-oblong subobtuse muticous, appressed
when dry. Capsule suboblong; teeth yellow or hyaline above,
orange near base; lid rostrate. Tufts densely cohering about
1 c. m. high, dark green or fuscous when dry. — Alpine
rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1250 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

c. Leaves recurved; the perichetial not much larger.
76.G.conferta Funck.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate subacute smooth not large,
often with rough hairpoint, us. appressed when dry; cells not
distinctly sinuous. Capsule oblong-oval; teeeh orange; lid api-
culate; calyptra mitriform. Tufts dense but loosely cohering,
1—2 c. m. high, fuscous when dry. — Rocks not common.
Eur. Sweden!; Lindberg. Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.

*@.tenera Zetterstedt.

Leaves very small sublinear nearly subulate, nearly spirally
twisted when dry; cells smaller. Capsules unknown. — Arctic
distr. r. Norway: J. E. Zetterstedt, com. C. J. HE. Haglund;
W. Baur.

108. Racomitrium Bridel.

A. Leaves with papillose hyaline hairpoint or acumen. Beak
of calyptra rough above.

1. Lanuginosa. Leaves fimbriate at acumen; green cells
smooth. Capsule longer than beak; pedicel rough.

2. Canescentia. Leaves serrulate at acumen; all cells us. with
somewhat long papille. Capsule gen. not longer than beak;
pedicel smooth.

B. Leaves hairless or with a serrulate not papillose hair-
point. Capsule gen. longer than beak; pedicel smooth. Beak
of calyptra sometimes wholly rough (viz. in R. fasciculare).

3. Papillosa. Leaves with short papille, often hairless.

4. Levifolia. Leaves smooth us. with long hairpoint.

1. Lanuginosa.
1.R.hypnoides L.; Willdenow. — Bryum L.; Trichostomum
Willd.; Racomitrium Lindb.; R. lanuginosum Bridel.

Leaves long ovate-lanceolate recurved below; green cells gen.
narrow, the alar rectangular; costa smooth. Pedicel short. Stem
ramose often to 10 c. m. long. — Stone and stony ground also

— 236 —

in alps, common in northern districts. Hur. Sweden, Norway!

Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
2. Canescentia.

2.R.canescens Weis. — Hypnum Weis; Racomitrium Brid.

Leaves from broad ovate-oblong base gen. abruptly tapering
to a subacute acumen, recurved nearly all around; upper and
alar cells subquadrate, the others rectangular; costa rough at
back, us. abbreviate; hairpoint r. short or indistinct. Pedicel
us. long. — Stone ground also in alps common. Eur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.!| Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

* R.subfasciculare Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves fainter papillose, muticous or with very short hair-
point. — Rocks prince. in alp. region r. Eur. Norway! Austria:
Venturi.

*R.muticum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves fainter papillose muticous, finally yellowish brown;
costa percurrent. — Alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1950
metr. a. sea: Macoun.
3.R.Panschii C. Mueller. — Grimmia C. M.; Racomitrium
Kindb.

Differs from R. canescens: Leaves subovate obtuse with very
short acumen without hairpoint or only faintly hyaline at apex,
faintly papillose. Tufts low blackish. Capsules unknown. —
Stem without nodose branches. — Arctic district r. Amer.
Greenl. isl. Sabine: Pansch, com. C. Mueller.

3. Papillosa.

A. Leaves very broadly acuminate or obtusate, arrounded
at the us. dentate apex, short broad and channelled, without
hairpoint; costa not percurrent. Stem without nodose branchlets.
4.R.aciculare L. — Bryum L.; Racomitrium Bridel.

Leaves us. green or blackish when dry; upper cells rotundate.
Capsule suboval; teeth deeply cleft; pedicel somewhat long. —
Wet stones also in alps. ur. nearly common. Sweden, Swit-
zerl., Spain! Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.
5.R.Neevii C. Mueller.

Leaves us. bright green also when dry; upper cells subqua-
drate. Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel short. — Wet rocks r.
Amer. Can. princ. in Pacif. distr.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

B. Leaves narrowly acuminate entire.

—- 237 —

a. Capsule large subcylindric; pedicel about 2 c. m. long.

Leaves long gradually acuminate acute or subacute carinate,
often with hairpoint; costa gen. percurrent. Stem r. with short
nodose branchlets.

6.R.varium Mitten. — R.oreganum Ren. et Card.

Leaves yellowish green recurved nearly all around, subacute
at apex, not appressed when dry; cells also the upper rectan-
gular; costa greenish; hairpoint not long. Peristomial teeth
partite. Stem sometimes with short r. numerous branchlets.
— Wet stones in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

7.R.speciosum ©. Mueller.

Leaves green recurved nearly all around, subacute at apex;
upper cells gen. subquadrate, often greenish; hairpoint often
long. Peristomial teeth partite. Stem without short branch-
lets; leaves more appressed than in the resembling last. —
Rocks in woods r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun; Roell,
com. C. Mueller.
8.R.Levieri Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves dark green or finally blackish brown, acute at apex,
not recurved above or at one side, appressed when dry; upper
cells subquadrate, the lower rectangular; costa finally brown;
hairpoint none. Perichetial leaves more or less acuminate; costa
percurrent or slightly excurrent. Peristomial teeth deeply cleft
not partite. Stem without short branchlets. Tufts blackish
brown when dry. — Alp. granitic rocks r. Hur. Portugal:
E. Levier.

b. Capsule small gen. suboval; pedicel about 1 c. m. or
shorter. Leaves gen. without hairpoint us. carinate.

aa. Leaves not recurved above or at one side, obtuse or
subobtuse at apex; upper cells subquadrate; hairpoint none or
indistinct. Peristomial teeth deeply cleft not partite. Stem
without nodose branchlets.
9.R.protensum Braun. — Trichostomum Braun; Racomitrium
Huebener.

Leaves somewhat long and at apex obtuse, recurved below,
appressed when dry; hairpoint none; costa finally brown not
percurrent. Perichetial leaves short-acuminate; costa short.
Capsule suboval exserted; pedicel 5—8 mm. long. Tufts dark
green finally blackish brown. — Wet rocks. Eur. not r. Swe-
den, Switzerl.! Portugal: Levier. Amer, »Greenl.»: Lange.

— 238 —

10.R.depressum Lesquereux.

»Resembling the last. Leaves broadly ovate, lanceolate above,
obtuse, sometimes slightly denticulate at apex; upper cells
broadly ovate. Capsule subcylindric immersed on a very short
pedicel. Stem very long. — Amer. r. U.S.: Calif.: Boleender»:
Lesq. et Jam.
11.R.Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves long, subobtuse at apex, not recurved at base, crisped
when dry; hairpoint none or indistinct; costa percurrent finally
brown. Capsule suboval exserted; pedicel 0,5 c. m. long. Tufts
finally rusty or reddish brown. -- Rocks and boulders in alp.
region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 2100 metr. a. sea: J. Maccun.

bb. Leaves recurved nearly all around, long and acute; cells
us. narrow. Peristomial teeth partite. Stem often with short
nodose branchlets.
12.R.fasciculare Schrader. -- Bryum Schr.; Racomitrium Brid.

Leaves nearly subulate-acuminate carinate us. (at least the
upper) greenish; cells narrow; costa subpercurrent; hairpoint
none. Stem with numerous short branchlets, us. long. Pedicel
about 1 c. m. or shorter. Calyptra with wholly rough beak.
— Rocks also in alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl., Spain! Amer. Can: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.
13.R.tenuinerve Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves longer subulate than in the last, carinate, vellowish
green; cells narrow; costa faint vanishing far below apex; hair-
point none. Stem long sometimes without short branchlets.
Pedicel 0,5 c. m. long. Calyptra not seen. — Rocks r. Amer.
Pacif. distr. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
14.R.Palmeri Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves longer subulate than in R. fasciculare, blackish when
dry, the upper faintly crisped; cells narrow; costa percurrent
or subexcurrent; hairpoint none. Tufts dense 2—3 c. m. high.
Pedicel very short gen. immersed. Habit of Grimmia microcarpa.
Arctic district r. Amer. Alaska: Palmer; J. M. Macoun.
15.R.Jenseni Kindb. 1. c. — R. sudeticum var. papillosum
Jensen.

Leaves small broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, blackish and
appressed when dry; the upper with short hairpoint; upper
cells short; costa brown percurrent papillose. Capsules unknown.
Tufts dense and low. Habit of Grimmia microcarpa, — Arctic
district r. Amer. Greenl.; P, Eberlin, com. C. Jensen,

— 239 —

16.R.micropus Kindb. cat. Canad. m. — R. heterostichum
var. occidentale Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves long-acuminate greenish channelled with thick bor-
ders; cells yellow gen. narrow, the uppermost sometimes sub-
quadrate; costa percurrent; hairpoint long. Capsule oblong
cylindric with short oblique beak; pedicel about 0,5. m. long.
Habit of R. microcarpum. — Granite rocks in alp. region r.
Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col. 2000 metr. a. sea: Macoun.
U. 8.: Roell; Henderson, com. Cardot.

4, Leevifolia.
A. Leaves channelled, thickened at upper borders.
17.R.affine Schleicher. — Trichostomum Schl.; Racomitrium

Lindb.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate recurved below; upper cells round-
quadrate not or indistinctly sinuous; hairpoint short. Capsule
suboblong; teeth partite; pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Tufts
gen. not high and often dense. Stem often without short
branchlets. — Siliceous rocks not common. ur. Norway,
Switzerl.| Sweden: Arnell. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
U. S.: Roell.

* R.obtusum Smith. — Trichostomum Sm.; Racomitrium Lindb.

Leaves gen. obtuse without hairpoint. — Hur. Sweden: Arnell.
Norway: Bryhn. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves carinate above with not thickened borders.
18.R.heterostichum Hedwig. — Trichostomum H.; Racomi-
trium Brid.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate recurved nearly all around;
cells as in the last; hairpoint often long. Capsule oblong-
cylindric often somewhat large; teeth partite; pedicel 1 c. m.
or somewhat longer. Tufts us. grayish. Stem often with short
branchlets. — Quartzose stone princ. below alps. Eur. common.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.| Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
*R.micropoides Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves pellucid with very short hairpoint; upper cells some-
times rectangular; alar cells hyaline. Capsule small scarecly

shorter than pedicel. —- Rocks in alp. region r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.
19.R.microcarpum Schrader. — Dicranum Schr.; Racomitrium
Brid.

Leaves as in the last; cells narrow-rectangular distinctly
sinuous. Capsule small gen. suboval; teeth partite; pedicel short.

— 240 —

Stem with short branchlets. Tufts us. green. — Dry rocks
prince. in northern alps. Eur. Sweden common, Norway, Swit-
zerl.! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun; Waghorne.

104. Campylostelium Bryol. eur.
1.C.saxicola Weber et Mohr. — Dicranum W. M.; Campylo-
stelium Br. eur.

Leaves from suboblong base tapering to the longer but not
much narrower sublinear obtusate acumen, crisped when dry;
lower basal cells large rectangular, the others small quadrate;
costa narrow not excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
red-yellow long narrow; lid long-rostrate; calyptra lobate; pedi-
cel yellow sometimes curved. Stem very short. Monoecious
with yellow male flowers at base of stem. — Rocks prince. of
sandstone, often together with Brachydontium, r. Eur. Engl.
W. A. Pearson. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* C.strictum Solms Laubach.

Pedicel finally red. »Sometimes synoecious»: Geheeb. Other-
wise not differing, — Eur. r. Portugal: Newton, com. Le Jolis.
105. Coscinodon Sprengel.

A. Leaves more or less distinctly plicate above. Dioecious.
1.C.cribrosus Hedwig. — Grimmia H.; Coscinodon Spruce.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or from subovate concave
base slightly tapering to the involute scarcely longer gen. obtuse
acumen, not recurved; alar cells not defined, the other basal
short-rectangular pellucid, the upper subquadrate somewhat
dusky; costa not excurrent. Perichetial leaves very much lar-
ger, more plicate, shorter-acuminate; hairpoint long, at base very
broad. Capsule half-emergent obovate finally inclined, orange
not striate; teeth orange cribrose (perforated as a sieve as in
the other species), deflexed or patent when dry. Tufts com-
pact loosely cohering about 1 c. m. high. Habit of Grimmia
crinita. — Schistose and siliceous rocks. Eur. not r. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

*C.humilis Milde.

Leaves somewhat narrower r. or slightly plicate; hairpoint
more rough. — Peristomial teeth sometimes less perforated.
Eur, ry. France, Switzerl.!

B. Leaves not plicate. Monoecious.
2.C.Wrightii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves very concave from subovate base abruptly narrowed
subobtusate, often crenulate above, sometimes reflexed below,
appressed when dry, erect when moist; cells short-rectangular:

— 241 —

basal larger, apical hyaline; costa excurrent to a very long
rough hairpoint. Perichetial leaves not larger. Capsule im-
mersed suboval, truncate at base; pedicel shorter; teeth purplish.
Stem very short. — Rocks r. Amer. »U. 8. south. states»:
Lesq. et Jam.

3.C.Raui Austin. — C. Renauldi Cardot.

Differs from the last: Leaves carinate narrower more distinctly
acuminate’ not recurved, patent when moist, gen. entire with
shorter hairpoint; costa gen. not excurrent. Capsule globose
when young, finally oval; teeth sometimes cleft. — Amer. r.
U. S.: Henry, com. Cardot.
4.C.calyptratus Hooker. -- Grimmia Hook.; Sull. icon. m.,;
Coscinodon C. Jensen (in litt.); Grimmia columbica Kindb.
bull. Torr. club.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate channelled, recurved below; basal
cells subquadrate much larger than the upper; hairpoint long
rough; costa percurrent. Perichetial leaves sublinear much
longer. Capsule not or scarcely emergent above the hairpoints,
oblong-cylindric smooth or slightly striate yellow or orange-
colored; lid rostrate or rostellate; annulus none; pedicel straight
or r. curved, longer than capsule. Stem 2—3 c. m. long or
shorter. Tufts dense glaucous green. — Dry alp. rocks. Amer.
Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun. U. 8. Calif: com. Macoun. (Mexico:
Fendler, herb. Sulliv., com. C. Mueller).

106. Brachystelium Reichenbach; C. M.

A. Perichetial leaves not convolute. Peristomial teeth pa-
pillose indistinctly articulate not deflexed.

J. Ptychomitrium. Leaves plicate below, serrate above.
Peristomial teeth us. subpartite. Plants somewhat robust. Ha-
bit of Orthotrichum (Ulota).

II. Notarisia. Leaves not plicate, entire or slightly sinuolate.
Peristomial teeth often entire or irregularly cleft. Plants small.
Habit of Weisia.

B. Perichetial leaves convolute. Peristomial teeth smooth
articulate, deflexed when dry.

Ill. G@lyphomitrium. Leaves entire not plicate. Plants small.
I. Ptychomitrium Bruch.
1.B.polyphyllum Dickson. — Bryum D.; Brachystelium Horn-

schuch.

Leaves from ovate-oblong subconcave broadly recurved base
somewhat abruptly tapering to a long carinate nearly subulate
acumen, incurved or nearly straight when moist; outer basal

— 242 —

cells short-rectangular, the inner narrower, the alar brown;
costa scarcely percurrent. Capsule oblong; teeth reddish below,
yellowish in upper half; pedicel flexuous or arcuate when
young and moistened; calyptra not long. Spores about 0,01 m.
m. — Rocks and stonewalls. Hur. not r. in southern distr.
France, Switzerl.!| Norway: R. Hartman. Spain: Levier.
2.B.Gardneri Lesquereux. — Ptychomitrium Lq.; Brachystelium
Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves wholly carinate gradually acu-
minate less distinctly plicate, falcate when moist; outer basal
cells subquadrate. Capsule subcylindric; teeth blood-red; pe-
dicel not flexuous. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Ma-
coun, U. S.: Howell and Henderson, com. Cardot.

{I. Notarisia Hampe.
3.B.nigricans Kunze. — Macromitrium Kunze; Brachystelium
Kindb.

Leaves entire not involute, from short concave base contrac-
ted to the broad-subulate channelled or near apex carinate
acumen, gen. acute; cells of acumen nearly opake, the margi-
nal basal often subquadrate; other basal cells rectangular also
pellucid, the inner not much narrower, the lowest larger often
yellowish princ. the alar; costa distinct nearly to apex. Cap-
sule oblong with indistinct neck; pedicel rigid. Spores 0,02
m. m. — Rocks r. Eur. Portugal: Solms Laubach, com. Na-
thorst (Teneriffa, com. Husnot),

* B.Drummondii Hooker et Wilson. — Grimmia H. W.:;
Brachyetelium C. M.; Ptychomitrium Sull. ic. m.
Capsule oval. Leaves not reflexed at base, sometimes slightly

sinuolate near apex. — Trees r. Amer. U. S. south. st.: Lang-
lois, com. Cardot.
4.B.ineurvam Schwegrichen. — Weisia Schw.; Brachystelium

C. M.; Ptychomitrium Sull. ic. m.

Leaves entire, from short concave base contracted to the
sublinear involute and at borders thickened acumen, gen. obtuse;
cells of acumen opake, the lower basal rectangular hyaline;
costa faint above. Capsule oval with short or indistinct neck;
pedicel often curved when moistened. Spores about 0,01 m. m.
Smaller than the last. — Rocks princ. of sandstone, r. Amer.
U. 8S: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld. »Can.: Macoun»: Lesq. et
Jam.

*B.glyphomitrioides Balsamo et Notaris. — Grimmia B. et
N.; Brachysteleum C. M.; Ptychomitrium pusillum Br. eur,

— 2438 —

Leaves more distinctly involute and subcucullate. Peristomial
teeth often split. — Rocks r. Hur. Switzerl. near Lugano!
5.B.pygmeum Lesq. et Jam. — Ptychomitrium L. J.; Brachy-
stelium Kindb.

»Leaves linear from ovate base; costa vanishing far below
apex. Capsule oval; neck a third as long; teeth joined in
pairs at base, sometimes connate their whole length; calyptra
covering the capsule to its base. Plants very small. — On
stones (?). Amer. U. 8.: E. Hall»: Lesq. et Jam.

III. Glyphomitrium Bridel.
6.B.Daviesii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Brachystelium Kindb.

Leaves narrow sublinear not or slightly reflexed below, from
suboblong not well-defined base gradually tapering to a long
subulate carinate acumen; nearly all cells quadrate not opake:
only the lowest rectangular not much larger; costa percurrent.
Pcrichetial leaves suboblong apiculate; costa subexcurrent. Cap-
sule subglobose or obovate; neck nearly half as long; teeth
broad; calyptra covering capsule; annulus none. Leaves some-
times with brood filaments. Spores 0,083—0,04 m. m. — Ba-
saltic rocks r. Hur. Scotl.: Schimper. Engl.: W. H. Pearson.
Irel.: Stewart, com. Le Jolis.
7.B.canadense Mitten. — Glyphomitrium M.; Brachystelium
Kindb.

»Leaves lanceolate tapering to an acute or blunt point; bor-
ders recurved below to middle; basal cells oblong, the angular
narrower. Perichetial leaves very broadly ovate. Capsule oval;

pedicel shorter than in the last. — Amer. r. Can.: Drummond»:
Lesq. et Jam.

107. Drummondia Hooker, musci amer. 1828.
1.D.clavellata Schweegrichen. — Macromitrium Schw.; Drum-

mondia Hooker.

Leaves suboblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute or very
short-acuminate, carinate at least above, not distinctly involute;
cells small rotundate, the few not well-defined alar eubquadrate;
costa not wholly percurrent. Perichetial leaves nearly similar
but with short-rectangular cells at angles near base. Capsule
subglobose-ovoid brown smooth; lid nearly flat, long-rostrate;
annulus none; pedicel short. Calyptra long-rostrate reaching
below the unripe capsule, finally concave and cucullate. Spores
very large about 0,06 m. m. Tufts green or brown green.
Dioecious. — On trees. Amer. Can. r.: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell;
Sullivant, com. C. M.; Fitzgerald, com. Renauld,

— 244 —

2.D.canadensis Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. — D. clavellata var.
canadensis Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from the last: Leaves gen. subobtuse, channelled,
distinctly. involute at borders all around. Perichetial leaves
broader, more obtuse; nearly all cells lax and long-rectangular.
Capsule globose a little larger; lid short-rostrate. Tufts some-
times brown. Monoecious. Nearly allied to D. obtusifolia C.
M. from Chili. — On trees r. Amer. Can. near lake Erie:
Macoun.

108. Scouleria Hooker.

A. Leaves broad, thinly or indistinctly limbate only below.
Peristome gen. persistent at least partly.
1.S.aquatica Hooker. — Grimmia Scouleri C. M.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, broader at base, below middle tape-
ring to the contracted broad point, sharply serrate to it from
middle, blackish (or only the uppermost green) and strongly
appressed when dry; marginant cells opake very distinct; other
cells gen. dusky thick-walled, exc. few linear not porose inner
basal. Inner perichetial leaves shorter and less dusky. Perigo-
nial leaves short suboval very obtuse. — Wet rocks r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

2.8 Muelleri Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves subelliptic, broader near middle, with very short ar-
rounded broad point, sharply serrate from it to below middle,
olive green and sometimes less strongly appressed when dry;
cells subpellucid, the marginant pale orange not well-defined,
the linear inner basal numerous porose. Inner _perichetial
leaves very pellucid from short dilated entire base tapering to
a sublinear serrate acumen. — Wet rocks r. Amer, Can. Pacif.
distr. Brit. Col. near Revelstok 1890 and Vane. isl. 1893:
Macoun.

* S.catilliformis C. Mueller.

Leaves nearly entire; marginant cells dusky. Capsules un-
known. — Amer. r. U. §.: Roell, com. C. Mueller.
3.8.Neevii C. Mueller.

Differs from S. Muelleri: Leaves obtusely crenulate, patent
when dry; upper cells dusky, the lower subpellucid, the mar-
ginant opake, the linear inner basal few not porose. Capsules
unknown. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Selkirk
mts 1885 and 1890: Macoun. (Determined by C. M.)

B. Leaves narrow thickly limbate all around. Peristome
very short and brittle soon deciduous or adhering to lid,

— 245 —

4.8.marginata Britton.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate channelled or faintly cari-:
nate above, serrate at the obtuse acumen, blackish and nearly
appressed when dry; nearly all cells uniform subquadrate exc.
the outer rectangular near borders; uppermost cells more opake.
Perichetial leaves similar but longer acuminate. — Rocks above
the water-line r. Amer. U. 8. Calif: Marshall A. Howe.

Fam. 24. Weisiacee.
109. Barbula Hedwig.

A. Basal tube of peristome elongate. Pedicel straight.
I. Syntrichia. Peristomial legs us. contorted.

1. Ruraliformes. Leaves us. lingulate-spathulate, with
hairpoint (exc. B. mutica), basal cells us. long. Us. dioecious.

2. Subulateformes. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or sublinear
lingulate without hairpoint; basal cells long. Monoecious.

3. Canescentes. Leaves oval-ovate without hairpoint; basal
cells short. Monoecious. Plants small and low.

B. Basal tube of peristome very short or indistinct.

a. Leaves mamillose. Peristome sometimes not contorted.
Pedicel straight or curved.
Il. Timmiella. Leaves long sublinear, often serrulate above,
neither reflexed nor limbate, curled when dry; basal cells rect-
angular; costa r. excurrent. Capsule cylindric often large.

b. Leaves papillose. Peristome not contorted. Pedicel
straight or curved.
Ill. Zygotrichia. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate
reflexed r. with hairpoint; basal cells large rectangular.

1. Orthopodiw. Pedicel straight. Spores about 0,02 m.
m. Leaves not limbate.

2. Camptopodiw. Pedicel arcuate when moist. Spores
about 0,04 m. m. Leaves broadly yellow-limbate.

c. Leaves papillose or smooth. Peristome us. contorted.
Pedicel straight.

aa. Capsule placed on short lateral branches. Leaves
broadly limbate below by narrow hyaline cells, serrulate above.
IV. Pleurochete. Leaves not reflexed, curled when dry;
costa not excurrent. Peristome much contorted. Dioecious.

bb. Capsule terminal. Leaves gen. entire r. denticulate,
us. curled when dry.
V. Tortella. Leaves neither reflexed nor limbate, from dila-
ted base gen. longly acuminate, without hairpoint; basal cells

— 246 —

long hyaline ascending higher at margins than the others;
costa us. excurrent.

VI. Tortula. Leaves sometimes reflexed or limbate, gen.
sublingulate or sublinear, sometimes with hairpoint; basal cells
not higher ascending at margins.

1. Cuneifoliz#. Leaves smooth not limbate without hair-
point, not or near base slightly reflexed; basal cells long.
Stem longish. Spores about 0,015 m. m.

2. Limbatsw. Leaves papillose limbate (by several cell-
rows, without hairpoint, not reflexed; basal cells long. Stem
very short. Spores about 0,01 m. m.

3. Muraliformes. Leaves papillose reflexed to above middle,
sometimes limbate by one cell-row, often with hairpoint; basal
cells long. Spores about 0,01 m. m. Stem us. short.

4, Unguiculate. Leaves papillose not (or only by one

cell-row) limbate, without hairpoint, not or only below the
middle reflexed; basal cells sometimes short-rectangular. Spores
about 0,01 m. m. Stem often long.
VII. Eu-Barbula. Leaves not limbate, without hairpoint, gen.
from dilated base acuminate, us. reflexed and not large; cells
small us. short, the basal not higher ascending. Capsule small
us. oblong. Tufts us. dense.

1. Platyneuron. Leaves strongly revolute often nearly to
costa, entire and us. spirally twisted about stem, small and
us. brownish; costa thick. Perichetial leaves sometimes shea-
thing or subconvolute. Stem low. Dioecious.

2. Streblotrichum. Leaves not or not strongly revolute,
not sheathing, r. denticulate. Perichetial leaves convolute. Pe-
dicel often yellow.

3. Leptobarbula. Upper (also perichetial) leaves sheathing
subconvolute not reflexed. Plants small. Dioecious.

4, Pseudo-Didymodon. Leaves gen. (not strongly) reflexed,
r. denticulate; the perichetial not sheathing. Dioecious.

a. Acuteformes. Leaves (at least the perichetial) with
long-excurrent costa.

b. Purpureeformes. Leaves neither crisped nor curved,
small and us. red; costa gen. not excurrent.

ce. Fallaciformes. Leaves curved us. crisped; costa not
excurrent. Annulus of the capsule us. indistinct. Tufts gree-
nish or rufescent.

d. Vinealiformes. Leaves curved and crisped; costa some-

— 247 —

times ghort-excurrent. Annulus revoluble gen. broad. Tufts
greenish, rufescent or reddish.
I. Syntrichia C. Mueller,
1. Ruraliformes.

A. Leaves short not distinctly carinate; lower basal cells
uniform hyaline (in B. levipila the outer sometimes narrower
and not hyaline); hairpoint often smooth, sometimes (in B. mutica)
wanting. Peristome contorted, longer than basal tube. Dioe-
cious or (B. alpina and sometimes B. levipila) monoecious.
Stem not high.

a. Leaves muticous nearly flat, sometimes reflexed near
base.
1.B.mutica Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.; Barbula Kindb.; B.
latifolia (Bruch) Br. eur.

Leaves subspathulate obtuse. Capsule large; teeth once or
twice contorted. Tufts dusky green. Often with propagula
(brood-corpuscles), Very r. fruiting. — On base of trees r.
on stones. ur. not r. in warmer districts. Germany! Sweden;
Lindberg; 8. Hardin. Amer. r. U. S. Oregon: Roell.

b. Leaves with hyaline us. short and smooth hairpoint,
involute (at least when dry) above, flat below.

2 B.papillosa Wilson. — Tortula Wils.; Barbula C. M.

Leaves subspathulate or short-lingulate obtuse. Capsule very
smal]; teeth faintly contorted. Tufts dusky or brownish green.
Often with propagula. »Fruiting only in Australiay: Braith-
waite. — On trees prince. in warmer distr. Hur, less r. Switzerl.!;
Roell. Norway: E. Nyman. Sweden: Lindberg. France: Hus-
not. Amer. r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

ce. Leaves us. with hairpoint, not involute, reflexed below.

aa. Peristome not much contorted, much longer than tube.
3.B.alpina Br. eur.

Leaves oblong-lingulate sometimes subacute, reflexed below
middle: the lower muticous; lower basal cells somewhat small
and not much long; costa smooth reddish; hairpoint smooth
red or hyaline gen. short. Tufts rusty red below. Monoecious.
— Rocks prince. in alps r. Hur. Switzerl.! France: Philibert.
Austria: Breidler. Sweden: A. Grape.

*B.pagorum Milde.

»Leaves not reflexed, often with propagula. Capsules un-
known. — Stone-walls r. Hur. Austria: Milde»: Limpricht.
4.B.brevipes Lesquereux. — »B. alpina»: cat. Can, m.

Differs from B, alpina: Leaves nearly flat at borders, obtuse

— 248 —

often emarginate; hairpoint longer, sometimes denticulate. Pe-
ristomial tube longer. Stem and pedicel very much shorter.
Dioecious. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

5.B.rotundo-emarginata C. M. et Kindb. 1. «.

Differs from B. alpina: Leaves subspathulate shorter and
broadly emarginate, more reflexed to above middle; hairpoint
hyaline denticulate longer. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. —
Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

bb. Peristome several times contorted, not much longer
than tube.

6.B.levipila Bridel. — Tortula Brid.; Barbula Br. eur. —

Leaves oblong-lingulate us. obtuse, nearly flat or slightly
reflexed at base; lower cells sometimes diversiform; costa brown
or green not denticulate but sometimes minutely papillose;
hairpoint hyaline us. smooth. Capsule long cylindric. Tufts
us. olive-green. Sometimes monoecious. — Trees princ. in
warmer distr. Hur. not r. France, Switzerl., Italy! Sweden:
S. Hardin. Amer. r. Can.: Roell.

7.B.brachyangia C. M. et Kindb. l. c.

Differs from the last: Leaves more reflexed; costa red rough;
hairpoint pale red at least below, slightly denticulate above.
Capsule short suboblong; peristome not seen. Tufts reddish
brown. Dioecious. — Amer. r. Can. Anticosti: Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. long and distinctly carinate; hairpoint den-
ticulate. Dioecious or (B. Jfuelleri) synoecious.

a. Leaves faintly carinate; basal cells somewhat short and
wide nearly uniform, the outer often less pellucid and not
much narrower. Synoecious or polygamous.

8.B.Muelleri Bruch. — B. princeps C. M.

Jieaves long sublinear-lingulate obtuse, reflexed to above
middle, not or slightly curved when moistened; costa red nearly
smooth; hairpoint hyaline. Capsule large; teeth twice contor-
ted. Tufts high, rusty red below. — On stone r. on trees, r.
Eur. France; Philibert. Greece: Heldreich. Italy: Arcangeli.
Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: com. Cardot.

b. Leaves distinctly carinate; basal cells long uniform hya-
line not porose. Dioecious.
9.B.norvegica F. Weber. — Syntrichia F. Web. 1804; Bar-
bula Lindb.; B. aciphylla Br. eur. 1842.

Leaves long sublinear-lingulate more or less acuminate or
acute; costa faintly rough; hairpoint red nearly smooth. — On

— 249 —

stone in alps. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Sweden:
Lindberg. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
10.B.pseud-aciphylla Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 63.

Leaves long sublinear-lingulate obtuse; costa very rough above;
hairpoint red only at base or in upper half. Capsule narrower
than in the last; peristome not seen. -— Rocke in alp. region
r. Amer. Brit. Col. and Rocky mts: Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

c. Leaves distinetly carinate; basal cells diversiform. Diss
cious.

aa. Leaves large long narrow, reflexed nearly all. ere
us. curved when moistened.
11.B.ruralis L. — Bryum L; Barbula Hedwig.

-Leaves broadly limbate below, very papillose, us. obtuse and
sublinear-lingulate; outer basal cells (prince. -in elder leaves)
narrower and ‘porose; costa red very rough above; hairpoint
hyaline or only at base red. Peristome red twice contorted;
pen. not shorter than tube. Tufts rusty red below. — Stones,
sand, trees and roofs. Hur. common but in alp. regions r.
Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. Can. eastern districts: Macoun.

* B.ruraliformis Bescherelle.

Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate acuminate or acute with defluent
hairpoint. Tufts brown. — Sandy places r. Hur. Sweden!
France: Le Jolis. Amer. »U. S.»: Cardot.

* B.alaskana Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves long-attenuate subacute. Peristome faintly twisted
shorter than tube. Tufts brown, green above. —- Amer. r. Can.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

* Brubicundula Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves shorter, all red; the lower with very short red point;
costa less rough. Habit of B. alpina. —- Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Sweden in island Oeland!

12.B.megalocarpa Kindb. bull. Torr. club.

Differs from B. ruralis: Leaves us. larger, often short-acumi-
nate acute, less reflexed above; outer basal cells golden yellow
and narrower than the inner; hairpoint often red in lower half.
Capsule larger; peristome faintly contorted, shorter than tube.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and Cypress hills: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell.
13.B.submegalocarpa Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 64.

Differs from B. ruralis; Leaves longer narrow and less reflexed
above, from broader base attenuate or sublinear; outer basal
cells golden yellow not porose; <hairpoint often red in

17

— 250 —

lower half. Peristome faintly contorted, shorter than tube. —
Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col: Macoun. U. S.:
Roell.

14.B.leviuseula Kindb. cat. Canad. musci.

Leaves narrowly limbate below, sublinear-lingulate obtuse,
nearly smooth at the borders, not much twisted when dry; the
outer marginal cells in 1 or 2 rows hyaline, inner marginal in
2 or 8 rows yellow porose and longer; costa red-brown smooth
or indistinctly papillose, more rough near apex; hairpoint gen.
wanting, in uppermost leaves denticulate long hyaline or at
base red. Capsule narrower than in B. suralis; peristome pale
red much contorted and very much longer than tube; pedicel
very thin and not long. Tufts high brown. —~ Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves somewhat short and less reflexed, not or scarcely
curved when moistened.
15.B.montana Esenbeck. — Syntrichia Es.; Barbula Kindb.;
Syntrichia intermedia Brid.; Barbula Milde.

Leaves sublinear-lingulate broadly limbate below gen. reflexed
to above middle; upper cells smaller than in B. ruralis; costa
brown-red less rough; hairpoint of upper leaves us. very long
denticulate or r. short. Peristome us. twice contorted. Tufts
olive-green, lower than in B. ruralis. — Stones princ. calcareous,
Eur, not r. Sweden, Switzerl.| Engl.: Rogers. Greece: Hauss-
knecht. Amer. r. U. S.: Roell.
16.B.pulvinata Juratzka. — B. danica M. F. Lange; B. lato-
excisa C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves somewhat small sublingulate narrowly limbate below
by pale green cells, often nearly flat or slightly reflexed; costa
nearly smooth us. brown; hairpoint thin faintly rough not long.
Capsule somewhat small; teeth once contorted. Tufts brown-
green us. not high. — On trees or r. on stones. — Eur. not
r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Roell.
* B.papillinervis C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Upper leaves subacute; costa reddish more papillose. Cap-

sule short suboblong. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
*B.leptotricha C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves with nearly smooth hairpoint. — Amer, r, Can:
Macoun.

2. Subulateformes.
A. Leaves us. not reflexed; costa smooth us. excurrent.
Peristome shorter than tube.

— 251 —

17.B.subulata L. — Bryum L.; Barbula Beauvois.

Leaves suboblong-lingulate or sublanceolate often limbate us.
obtusate papillose with yellowish point of costa. Capsule
large. Tufts us. green. — On earth. Hur. common below alps.
Sweden, France, Switzerl.| Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.

* B.angustata Wilson. — Tortula Wils.; Barbula Schimper.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate acute; costa long-excurrent.
— Eur. not common. Sweden, Switzerl.| Amer. Can.: Macoun.
18.B.mucronifolia Schwegrichen. — Tortula Schw.; Barbula
Br. eur. ,

Leaves suboblong obtusate smooth not limbate, smaller than
in B. subulata, sometimes with reddish point. Differs also in smaller
capsule and shorter peristomial tube. — Alp. rocks. Eur. not
r. Norway, Switzerl.| Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun;
Fowler.

B. Leaves reflexed nearly all around; costa papillose gen.
percurrent. Peristome longer than tube.
19.B.inermis Montagne. -— Tortula Mont.; Barbula C. M.

Leaves oblong-lingulate papillose not limbate gen. subobtuse.
Tufts brown-green. — Stone in warmer distr. r. Eur. Germany:
Herpell. France: Husnot. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. Amer.
oU. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

3. Canescentes.
20.B.canescens Bruch.

Leaves oval-ovate short-acuminate or subacute papillose not
limbate, reflexed nearly all around; costa papillose long-excur-
rent. Capsule not large; teeth red twice contorted. — Earth
on rocks r. Hur. in warmer distr. France: Husnot; Le Jolis.
Germany: Herpell. Greece: Orphanides.
21.B.Guepini Schimper. — Desmatodon Br. eur.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute very small slightly
reflexed below. Capsule smaller than in the last with larger
spores and shorter peristomial tube; teeth half-twisted red or
whitish. — Earth r. Eur. France: Bescherelle. Amer. »U. 8.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

Il. Timmiella Notaris.

A. Leaves with not excurrent costa, often serrulate above.
22.B.anomala Br. eur. — Trichostomum Schimp.

Leaves large subacute. Capsule large long oblong-cylindric;
teeth red once contorted; annulus narrow; pedicel red. Stem
not high, nearly naked below. Tufts dusky or yellowish green.
Monoecious or r. synoecious. — On earth and stone-walls r.

— 252 —

Eur. princ. in Mediterr. distr. Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi.
Italy: HE. Adlerz. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.:
Macoun.

23.B.lusitanieca Bridel. — Tortula Brid.; Barbula Kindb.; Tri-
chostomum Barbula Schwegrichen. :

Leaves large acute or short-acuminate. Capsule as in the
last; teeth red not or slightly twisted; annulus none; pedicel
red, pale above. Paroecious or monoecious. Resembles the
last. — On stones r. Hur. prince. in Mediterr. distr. Switzerl.|
Portugal: Levier. France: Anthouard.
24.B.flexiseta Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Barbula Kindb.;
Trichostomum flexipes Br. eur; Husnot m. Gall.

Smaller than the both last. Leaves acute often short-acu-
minate. Capsule short oblong-cylindric; teeth pale yellow not
twisted; annulus broad; pedicel pale above, often deflexed. Tufts
low green. Dioecious. — On earth r.: Hur. »Portugal and
Sardinia»: Schimper. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves with excurrent costa.
25.B.vancouveriensis Brotherus. — Timmiella Broth.; Barbula
Kindb.; Trichostomum Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves acute longer than in the last, denticulate to below
middle. Capsule cylindric; teeth pale not twisted; annulus
broad; pedicel yellowish flexuous. Tufts pale green about 3
ce. m. high. Dioecious. —- Earth r. Amer. Can. Vane. isl.:
Macoun; Roell, com. Brotherus.

UI. Zygotrichia.

1. Orthopodie.
26.B.latifolia Hedwig. — Dicranum H.; Barbula Kindb.; Tor-
tula Lindb.; Desmatodon Br. eur.

Leaves reflexed nearly all around, short-acuminate or ‘sub-
obtuse, sometimes with yellowish point; costa gen. not percur-
rent. Capsule us. erect suboblong, sometimes broader or nar-
rower; teeth orange-red not or slightly twisted. — Earth in
alp. regions. Hur. common. Norway, Switzerl.| Amer. not yr.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* B.brevicaulis Bridel. — Desmatodon Brid.; Barbula Kindb.

Capsule slightly inclined; lid often systylic. Stem short. Eur.
Norway!

* B.glacialis Funck. — Desmatodon Funck; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves piliferous; costa abbreviate. Stem high. — Eur.
Norway! France: Husnot. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren, »Rocky
mts»: Lesq. et Jam. :

— 253 —

27.B.suberecta Drummond. —- Tortula Drum.; Barbula Kindb.;
Desmatodon obliquus Br. eur.

Leaves not reflexed in upper third, gen. ovate-oblong acu-
minate acute; costa long-excurrent. Capsule subcylindric slightly
inclined or erect; teeth nearly once or half-twisted pale red.
Stem very short. — Rocks in alp. regions r. Hur. Norway!
Amer, Can.: Macoun; Drummond 145.

a 2. Camptopodie.
28.B.Laureri Schultz. — Trichostomum Schz.; Barbula Kindb.;
Tortula Lindb.; Desmatodon Br. et Sch.; Tortula bryoides
Drummond.

Leaves oval-oblong or oblong-lingulate sometimes acute, sub-
pellucid, reflexed all around; costa short-excurrent. Capsule
oblong; teeth half-twisted. — Crevices of rocks in alp. regions
vr. Hur. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond 135.

’ IV. Pleurochete Lindberg.
29.B.squarrosa Bridel.

Leaves large ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate nearly subulate,
squarrose when moist. Capsule subcylindric; pedicel long. Tufts
eradiculose pale green or yellowish. Very r. fruiting. — Cal-
careous rocks prince. in warmer districts r. Hur. Switzerl.! Nor-
way: Ryan. Greece: Heldreich. France: Husnot. Amer. »U-.
S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
' WV, Tortella C. Mueller.

A. Leaves rigid very brittle, the lower not crisped. Dioecious

r. fruiting.
30.B.fragilis Drummond. — Didymodon Drum.; Barbula
Wilson.
. Leaves long long-acuminate nearly subulate; costa long-ex-
current. Capsule subcylindric somewhat large; teeth red much
contorted; pedicel long often very thin. Tufts yellowish green
often high. -—- Wet earth princ. in alps. Hur. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.!| Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne; Drummond 142.
31.B.nitida Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.; Barbula Juratzka;
Trichostomum Schimper.

Leaves sublinear short-acuminate acute shorter than in the
last; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth
yellow rudimentary not twisted. Tufts yellowish or blackish
brown below, often not high. — Princ. on calcareous rocks, r.~
Eur, Switzerl.! Engl.: Rogers. Irel.: Holt. Italy: Bottini. Bel-
gium: Gravet. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

' B. Leaves us. crisped and soft (in B. tortuosa sometimes

— 254 —

brittle); costa short-excurrent. Dioecious or (B. cespitosa) mon-
oecious.

a. Lower leaves very small, the upper suddenly much lar-
ger. Peristome not or slightly twisted. Tufts low yellowish
green.
32.B.flavovirens Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Barbula Kindb.;
Tortula Lindb.

Leaves shorter than in B. tortuosa; the upper from broader
base sublinear short-acuminate gen. obtuse; costa subpercurrent.
Capsule suboblong or subcylindric; teeth dark-red not twisted;
pedicel red-yellow. — Calcareous rocks r. ur. prince. in Me-
diterr. distr. France: Schimper. Italy: Arcangeli; Bottini. Engl.:
Holt. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* B.viridiflava Notaris. —- Trichostomum Not.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves shorter and not crisped; costa narrower and longer-
excurrent. Capsule shorter; teeth orange. — Hur. r._ Italy:
Forsyth, com. Levier.
33.B.inflexa Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Barbula Kindb.;
Tortula Lindb.

Differs from the last: Upper leaves incurved at apex; costa
excurrent to an hyaline point. Capsule suboblong; teeth red
slightly twisted; pedicel yellow above. — Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Italy: Venturi.

b. Leaves gradually larger upwards. Peristome us. con-
torted.
34.B.tortuosa L. — Bryum L.; Barbula Weber et Mohr.

Leaves gen. long longly acuminate and nearly subulate,
r. shorter and brittle; costa very short-excurrent. Capsule
oblong-cylindric or subcylindric; teeth red us. several times
contorted; pedicel yellow above. Tufts us. high and yellowish

green. — Rocks prince. calcareous. Hur. common. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun.
»Trichostomum Bambergeri Schimper. — Leaves brittle sub-

linear or the upper long-acuminate subulate, sometimes broader
acuminate with some teeth and large hyaline cells at apex.
Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth red not twisted. Stone-walls r.
Eur. Austria: Bamberger and Breidler»: Limpricht. — A doubt-
ful species, »Didymodon mutabilis var.»: Venturi et Bottini.
35.B.inclinata Hedwig fil. — Tortula H. fil.; Barbula Schwe-
grichen.

Leaves shorter than in B. tortuosa, from broader base sub-
linear gen. obtusate or sometimes cucullate at apex. Capsule

— 255 —

shorter, suboblong often curved; teeth red less contorted; pedi-
cel yellow above. Tufts dense yellowish green or brown not
high. — Calcareous earth. Hur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.|
Greece: Heldreich. France: Boulay.

36.B.inelinatula C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves as in the last but nearly straight when moist and
more involute above; the perichetial whitish much _broder.
Capsule narrow-cylindric not large, nearly straight; teeth much
contorted. Tufts loosely cohering about 0,5 c. m. high. —
Sandy soil in alps r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

37.B.cespitosa Schwegrichen. — B. cirrata Bruch.

Differs from B. tortwosa: Monoecious. Leaves shorter, less
narrowly or longly acuminate; their hyaline basal part often
denticulate above; costa more distinctly excurrent. Capsule
smaller; pedicel shorter and thinner, flexuous and yellow, finally
reddish. Tufts low often not cohering. —- On earth and at
base of trees r. Hur. France! Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Langlois, com. Cardot.

VI. Tortula Bridel, in part.
1. Cuneifoliz.

38.B.cuneifolia Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Barbula Brid.

Leaves subovate-suboblong or suboval, obtuse or acute and
not reflexed: the upper nearly crisped when dry; costa green
excurrent to a smooth nearly hyaline often long point. Cap-
sule suboblong; teeth dark purplish scarcely more than once
contorted. Tufts green higher than in B. muralis. Monoecious.
— Rocks in warmer districts r. Hur. Engl.: Curnow. France:
Husnot. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. Can.: Macoun (»B. Vahlii»
cat. Can. m.)
39.B.subeuneifolia Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves suboval-ovate sometimes acute or apiculate, slightly
reflexed below, larger than in the last and not crisped; costa
not excurrent finally red-brown. Capsule as in the last; peri-

stomial tube more prominent. Monoecious. — Arctic. Pacif.
distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

40.B.Garberi Lesq. et Jam. — Desmatodon L. J.; Barbula
Kindb.

»Leaves oblong or lingulate-lanceolate obtuse inflexed above;
cells scarcely papillose; costa percurrent. Capsule oblong-oval;
teeth partite. Habit of Trichostomum arenaceum. Dioecious. —
Amer. x. U. S.»: Lq. et Jam.

— 256 —

2. Limbate.

A. Leaves limbaty by yellow narrow-rectangular cells.
41.B.marginata Br..eur. — Tortula Spruce.

Leaves suboblong gen. acute; costa somewhat longly exéurrent.
Peristome once contorted. .— Sandstone-walls and roadsides. in
warmer districts r. Hur. France: Philibert; Bouvet. Portugal:
Levier. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* B.limbata ‘Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.

- »Leaves larger, broader limbate. — Eur. r. Italy: Rabenhorst»:
Husnot muscol. Gall.

* B.Egelingi Schliephacke. :

»Leaves smaller, not narrowed at base, broader limbate by
larger cells. Capsule smaller..— Amer. r. U. 8. Tennessee:
Egeling»: C. M. in Flora 1887.

B. Leaves limbate by subquadrate us, hyaling cells.
42.B.Solmsii Schimper.

Leaves oval-oblong gen. obtuse; costa somewhat longly ex-
current. Peristome twice contorted. — Hur. r. »Portugal: Solms
Laubach»: Schimper (Madeira: Fritze, com. Levier.)
43.B.Porteri James. — Desmatodon Jam.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate acute, the lower with
yellow marginal cells; costa percurrent. Peristome half-twisted.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* B.subcarnifolia C. M. et Kindb. lL. ¢.

Leaves gen. oblong,. less distinctly limbate above; costa some-
times short-excurrent. Peristome faintly twisted. — Amer. r.
Can. Pelw. island: Macoun.

38. Muraliformes.

A. Leaves somewhat large. Tufts us. loose.
44.B.muralis L. — Bryum L.; Barbula Timm.

Leaves sublinear or oblong-lingulate obtuse, reflexed to the
hairpoint, often limbate by one cell-row; upper cells opake;
costa us. excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth reddish
2 or 3 times contorted; annulus double. Tufts us. glaucous
green and very loose. Us. monoecious. — Stones, stone-walls
and roofs. Eur. nearly common in lower districts. Sweden,
Germany, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. »U. S.o: Lesq. et Jam.

* B.estiva Schultz.

Leaves long lanceolate-lingulate subacuminate green; costa
short-excurrent or subpercurrent. Peristome gen. once contorted.
Us. dioecious. — Eur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.|

= 267 —

* B.ticinensis Kindb. revue bryol. 1892. -- tae

Leaves: short oblong-lingulate or subspathulate hee -green}
costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong. Peristome gen. once
contorted. -—- Schistose siliceous rocks. : Hur. Switzerl. near
Lugano! ~

B. Leaves small, less reflexed. Tufts densely cohering.
45.B.obtusifolia Schleicher. — Tortula Schl.; Barbula Schwe-
grichen; Desmatodon Jur.; D. flavicans Br. eur.

Leaves short oblong- lingulate obtuse not reflexed in upper
third, smaller than in B. muralis and not limbate; upper cells
opake; costa percurrent or very slightly excurrent.. Capsule
~ suboval or oblong; teeth short brown-red scarcely once contor-
ted; tube sometimes well-distinct; annulus double. Tufts green
somewhat dense. Us. monoecious. —. Rocks in higher alp.
region r, Hur. Switzerl. 1750 metr. a. sea! Italy: Philibert
(Asia, Caucase: Brotherus). Amer. Can.: Drummond 115, com,
Macoun, ©

46. B.Bolenderi Lesquereux. — B. carnifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1, ¢.

Upper leaves lanceolate-lingulate obtuse or. subacute, not
reflexed in upper third, not limbate; upper cells subpellucid
faintly papillose; costa not or slightly. excurrent. Capsule
suboblong; teeth once contorted; annulus simple persistent. Tufts
dirty green. Dioecious. Resembles B. muralis *cstiva, ° —
Amer, y. Can.: Macoun, U. S.: M. A. Howe, com. Cardot. i

4. Unguiculate.

A. Annulus of capsule double. Leaves often limbate by
one cell-row. Monoecious. 7.
47.B.Vahlii Schultz. —- Tortula Wilson; Braithwaite: oe

Upper leaves sublinear or oblong-lanceolate obtuse,, slightly
and partly or not.reflexed, subpellucid faintly papillose above;
costa long-excurrent. Capsule subcylindric; teeth twice contor-
ted; tube distinct. Tufts yellowish green. Resembles B. cunei-
folia and B. muralis, — Damp clay soil in warmer districts i
Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite. Amer. »U. S.>: Lesq. et Jam. —

B. Annulus not distinct. Leaves not limhate. DRE:

a. Perichetial leaves not sheathing.

48.B.unguiculata Hudson. — Bryum Huds.;: Barbula Hedwie.

Leaves obtusate at apex (obtuse or subacute) reflexed, below
middle, sublinear or subovate-oblong or broadly oblong-lanceolate,
suberect when moist; upper cells opake; the basal narrow-rec-
tangular; costa us, excurrent r,’ percyrrent. Perichetial; leaves

— 258 —

acute; costa excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth much
contorted. Tufts dirty green sometimes high. — Earth and
stone. Hur. common. Sweden, Italy etc.! Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.: Sullivant,
com. C. M.

49.B.Cruegeri Sonder.

Differs from the last: Leaves patent when moist; basal cells
short-rectangular; costa very slightly excurrent; only the inner-
most perichetial leaves acute and very short with not excurrent
costa. — On earth r. Amer. U. 8.: Langlois, com. Cardot
(Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. Mueller).

b. Perichetial leaves half-sheathing. All leaves obtuse; costa
not excurrent.
50.B.amplexa Lesquereux.

Leaves short suboval or short-lingulate, reflexed near base;
basal cells rectangular. Perichetial leaves longer. Capsule sub-
cylindric; teeth once contorted. Stems very short not tufted.
— Amer. ry. U. S.: Bolender, com. C. Mueller; Howe, com.
Cardot. »Can.: Drummond»: Macoun.

VII. Eu-Barbula.
1. Platyneuron Kindb.

A. Leaves us. doubly revolute. Peristome us. contorted.
51.B.Hornschuchii Schultz.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute, revolute to apex and
often nearly to the excurrent costa. Perichetial leaves larger,
suboblong revolute not sheathing; costa long-excurrent. Capsule
oblong-cylindric; teeth much contorted. — On earth r. Eur.
Belgium: Roemer. France: Brébisson; Berthoumieu.. Sweden:
J. Persson.

52.B.revoluta Schrader. — Tortula Schrad.; Barbula Brid.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate subobtuse, revolute to apex
and nearly to costa; prominent lamina very narrow; costa per-
current or slightly excurrent often broader above. Perichetial
leaves half-sheathing subconvolute; costa not excurrent. Cap-
sule oblong-oval; teeth nearly twice contorted. Tufts dense. —
Princ. on calcareous stonewalls. Hur. in lower and warmer
districts. France! Italy: E. Adlerz. Germany: Herpell. Spain:
Levier.
* B.obtusula Lindberg.
Perichetial leaves more open. »Peristome slightly or not
twisted»: Lindb. — Hur. r. Germany: Goll. »Sweden»: Lindb.

— 259 —

538.B.platyneura C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.
Differs from B. revoluta: Leaves shorter, ovate-oblong acute;

costa distinctly excurrent. Capsules unknown, — Rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
54.B.revolvens Schimper. — Desmatodon Husnot m. G.

Leaves oval-oblong obtusate us. obtuse, revolute nearly to
apex; prominent lamina somewhat broad; costa scarcely excur-
rent not broader above. Perichetial leaves sheathing not revo-
lute. Capsule oblong; teeth once contorted. Tufts loose. —
Stonewalls r. Hur. France: Philibert.

B. Leaves simply not spirally revolute. Peristome half-
twisted.
55.B.atrovirens Smith. — Grimmia Sm.; Barbula Schimper;
Desmatodon nervosus Br. eur.

Leaves oblong-linear or suboval obtusate, revolute nearly to
apex; prominent lamina broad; costa broader above us. short-
excurrent. Perichetial leaves similar; the innermost one shor-
ter, neither revolute not sheathing. Capsule suboval. Tufts
loose. — On stone in warmer distr. r, — Hur. France: Le Jolis.
Amer, »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

56 B.subtorquescens C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from the last: Leaves less opake and more obtuse
not revolute near apex; prominent lamina broader; costa gen.
percurrent not broader above. Capsule cylindric. Tufts some-
what higher, very compact. — Rocks r. Amer. Can Gaspe
coast and Assa: Macoun.

2. Streblotrichum Palisot de Beauvois.

A. Pedicel yellow. Spores small. Dioecious.

a. Peristome much contorted; annulus revoluble. Leaves
papillose entire narrow, crisped; basal cells short-rectangular hya-
line; costa not excurrent. Tufts us. low.
57.B.convoluta Hedwig. — B. Closteri Austin ?

Leaves sublinear or oblong-lanceolate obtusate gen. not reflexed:
perichetial nearly nerveless with short point. Capsule oblong;

lid shorter. — On earth. Eur. common below alp. regions.

Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! .lmer. Can.: Macoun.

* B.commutata Juratzka. — Trichostomum undatum Schimper.
Stem higher. Leaves narrow-lanceolate much longer: peri-

chetial broadly acuminate. Capsule larger. — Wet calcareous

rocks also in alps r. Hur, Switzerl.| Engl.: Burgess. Belgium:
Roemer,

—- 260 —

58.B.chrysopoda C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from B. convoluta: Leaves gen. obtuse: perichetial
much broader, truncate or broadly arrounded at apex. Cap-
sule shorter than lid. — On earth r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun; Vance. isl.: Macoun; Roell.

59.B. flavipes Bryol. eur.

_Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute reflexed nearly all
around: perichetial subulate-acuminate. Capsule ovate-oblong;
lid much shorter. — Caleareous places in alpsr. Eur, Switzerl.!
Austria: Breidler.

b. Peristome not twisted; annulus revoluble. Leaves ma-
millose not crisped; cells gen. subquadrate: lower basal rect-
angular; costa long-excurrent. Tufts to 2 c. m. high.
60.B.chioropus Bridel. — Ceratodon Brid.; Barbula Kindb.

Lower leaves subovate; the upper ovate- lanceolate attenuate
not reflexed. Perichetial leaves convolute with subulate point.
Capsule erect suboblong striate when dry; lid shorter; teeth
reddish yellow. Tufts dense. — On earth r. Zur. France: Schim-
per; Philibert.

B. Pedicel red.

a. Leaves entire reflexed nearly all around. Stem very
short. ;
61.B.belyetica Kindb. bull. Soc. botan. ital. 1895.

’ Leaves smooth ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acu-
minate acute; cells subquadrate subhyaline; costa percurrent or
slightly excurrent. Inner perichetial leaves convolute obtuse
or with short obtusate point; costa faint not percurrent. Cap-
sule not seen; pedicel red. Dioecious. --- Zur. Switzerl.: Ju. Mari.

b. Leaves not reflexed. Stem elongate. Dioecious.
62.B.paludosa Schleicher. —- »Tortula crocea Bridel»: Lindb.

Leaves papillose sublinear-lanceolate broadly acuminate acute,
denticulate above (at least the perichetial), not or slightly twi-
sted when dry; .basal cells long yellowish; costa percurrent or
slightly excurrent, in perichetial leaves distinctly excurrent.
Capsule oblong striate when dry; lid rostrate; teeth much con-
torted; annulus none. Stem reddish-tomentose often with pro-
pagula. et calcareous
rocks. ur. prine. in southern districts. Switzerl.! Austria:
M. Huss; Venturi. France: Husnot.
63.B.corsiea Schimper. — Ceratodon Sch.; Barbula Kindb.

Leaves faintly papillose narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually
subsubulate, entire, crisped when dry; cells subquadrate or

— 261 —

short-rectangular; costa not excurrent. Perichetial leaves :con-
volute with short broad obtuse point; costa not excurrent.
Capsule suboblong; lid rostellate; teeth half-twisted -with
patent’ points when dry; annulus broad. Tufts dense. Habit
of Ceratodon. —- Sterile siliceous places r. Hur. Mediterr. distr.
Italy: Arcangeli. France: Goulard.

.@. Leaves entire not or indistinctly reflexed. Stem very short.
. aa. Leaves. papillose. Peristome rudimentary or waiting:
64.B.bicolor Br. eur. — Gymnostomum Br. eur. Barbe
Lindb.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute marked with oruiied
stripes at base; basal cells short-rectangular yellow or brown-
yellow; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule oblong-
cylindric plicate when dry; annulus revoluble. Spores large.
Tufts dense. Dioecious. — Crevices of calcareous rocks in
higher alp. reg. r. Hur. Switzerl.: Schimper; Culmann. ae

bb. Leaves gen. smooth. Peristome much contorted...
65.B.agraria Hedwig. — Bryum Swartz. .

Leaves subovate acute subinvolute, slightly twisted when dry;
cells rhombic-quadrate somewhat large; costa subexcurrent.
Perichetial leaves broader, short-acuminate or obtusate;. not
wholly convolute; costa not percurrent. Capsule narrow-c cylin!
dric; lid nearly as long; annulus revoluble. Stem nearly indit
stinct. Monoecious. -— Rocks and sand r. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. Mueller;
S:t Thomas: Breutel, com. Hari), ;
66.B.Raui Austin. aa

»Leaves smooth spathulate-ovate ‘acuminate or apiculate;
basilar areolation loose; costa subexcurrent. Perichetial leaves
conyolute often blunt; costa thin. Capsule oblong-cylindric
plicate when dry; lid long; annulus narrow. -Dioecious. —
Rocks yr. Amer. U. S.»: Lesq. et J.
67.B.Joorii C. Mueller in Flora 1875. = sant

»Leaves nearly smooth from oblong half-sheathing base linear
lanceolate obtusate mucronulate, faintly crisped; basal cells
short-rectangular hyaline; costa excurrent. Perichetial: leaves
from oblong sheathing base acuminate not mucronate. Capsule
oblong; teeth rufous; calyptra rough.- Dioecious. Habit of
B. unguiculata. ‘Stem very short. — Amer. r. U. S.9: C.-M.

3. Leptobarbula Schimper.
68.B.tenuis Hedwig. — +Trichostomum Hedwig»: C. M.; Bar-
bula Kindb.; Didymodon bericus Notaris. eo ta BPR oS

— 262 —

Upper leaves from sheathing base tapering to a longer and
narrow subulate or at apex obtuse entire acumen, crisped;
basal cells rectangular; costa nearly filling the acumen but not
excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong erect; lid much shorter; teeth
half-twisted; pedicel red below, yellow above. Stem short not
or loosely tufted. Sterile plants with smaller sublinear or
ovate-oblong obtuse leaves. -— Calcareous rocks and sandy soil
in warmer districts r. Eur. Italy: Giordano, com. Bottini.
Spain: Hegelmaier, com. C. Mueller. Amer. U.S. Massachusetts:
Boll, com. C. M. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
69.B.macrostegia Sullivant. — Trichostomum Sull. icon. muscor.
(not mentionned in Lesq. et J. man.); Barbula Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves abruptly tapering to a some-
what broad but attenuate obtusate acute and near apex denti-
culate acumen. Capsule cylindric inclined or faintly curved;
lid longer; teeth (as in B. corsica and B. sparsidens) spreading
above. — Amer, r. »>U. 8.»: Sullivant.

4. Pseudo-Didymodon Kindb.
a. Acuteformes.

A, Peristome wanting; annulus revoluble. Leaves faintly
papillose, straight when moist.

70.B.rubiginosa Mitten.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate reflexed
below, not appressed; cells short; costa scarcely excurrent. Pe-
richetial leaves from ovate-oblong base tapering to a sublinear by
costa not wholly (in lower part) filled point. Capsule suboblong
pale brown; pedicel not long. Tufts greenish somewhat dense
not high. — Amer. r. U. S. Pacif. distr.: Henderson, com.
Cardot. :

* B.subiemadophila C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves subpellucid above, more spreading when moist; the
perichetial with shorter base. Peristome and annulus not seen.
— Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
71.B.melanocarpa C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from B. rubiginosa: Leaves blackish brown appressed
when dry; costa more distinctly excurrent. Capsule dark brown
finally blackish; pedicel very long. Tufts loose. Fruiting stem
very short. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Peristome. contorted.

a. Leaves smooth straight when moist. Peristome once
contorted; annulus us. indistinct.

— 263 -~

72.B.acuta Bridel. — Tortula Brid. 1806; Barbula Brid. 1819;
Tortula gracilis Schleicher 1807; Barbula Schwegrichen.

Leaves ovate-oblong entire, reflexed below and strongly re-
curved near base, patent or twisted when dry; cells short; costa
gen. short-excurrent or percurrent. Perichetial leaves suboblong
with subulate acumen; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval-
oblong; annulus indistinct. Tufts olivaceous or green. — On
earth ry. Hur. Switzerl.| Austria: C. E. Kindberg. France:
Berthoumieu. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* B.abbreviatifolia H. Mueller.

Leaves appressed when dry; costa often longer excurrent. —
Wet alp. rocks, sometimes in running water, r. Eur. Norway!
73.B.viridis Schimper.

Leaves longer than in B. acuta, narrowly ovate-lanceolate
subulate-acuminate serrulate or denticulate above, reflexed below,
crisped; basal cells short-rectangular; costa somewhat long-ex-
current. Perichetial leaves as in the last. Capsule cylindric
sometimes curved; annulus revoluble. Tufts green. — Rocks
in warmer districts r. Hur. Switzerl. near Lugano! Belgium:
Gravet. (Asia, Syria: A. H. Brotherus.)
74.B.artocarpa Lesquereux.

Differs from B. acuta: Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate;
basal cells rectangular; costa more distinctly excurrent. Cap-
sule subcylindric. — On earth in higher alp. regions r. Amer.
U. S. Oregon mt Hood 3300 metr. a. sea: Roell.

b. Leaves faintly papillose straight when moist. Peristome
twice contorted; annulus distinct.
75.B.iemadophila Schimper; Braithwaite.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate reflexed below but not
strongly recurved, longer acuminate than in B. acuta, appressed
when dry; lower basal cells short-rectangular; costa long-excur-
rent. Tufts olivaceous or dark green. Capsule oval-oblong.
Very r. fruiting. — Wet alp. rocks r. Hur. France: Theriot,
com. Husnot. (Asia, Caucase: V. F. Brotherus).

ce. Leaves faintly papillose or nearly smooth, curved when
moist; lower basal cells pellucid rectangular.

aa. Costa of leaves subpercurrent, in the inner perichetial
long-excurrent, Peristome pale contorted.
76.B.pseudo-rigidula Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves from short ovate base long-acuminate, reflexed below,
twisted when dry; costa brown. Inner perichetial leaves from
oblong base narrowly acuminate. Capsule brown subcylindric.

o. 064 =

Tufts .fuscescent. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun
(»B. rigidula» Canadian musci‘n. 412):
77.B.subgracilis C. M. et Kindb. 1..«.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed nearly all around, crisped or
flexuous when dry; costa reddish. Perichetial leaves faintly
erenulate, the outer acuminate, the inner broad obtuse. Cap-
sule- red-brown oblong-cylindric. Tufts green or red-brown
below. —. Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun: U. 8.
Montana: Roell.

bb. Costa of leaves long-excurrent. .Capsules unknown.
78.B.Waghornei Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves ‘from short ovate half-sheathing base long-acuminate
acute entire, slightly reflexed above base, faintly curled when
dry; costa red. Tufts. brown-red radiculose. Habit of Didy-
modon rubellus. — Amer. r. N. Foundl: Rev:d A. C. Waghoriie.

b. °‘Purpurezeformes.

A. leaves long sublanceolate.

79.B.purpurea C. Mueller.
»Upper. leaves gradually longer, from oblong base broadly
lanceolate subobtuse, revolute to..above. middle, subtorquate
when dry; cells small reddish quadrate; costa purplish thick
excurrent. Capsule oval; teeth scarcely contorted; calyptra long.
Tufts small purple; stem short naked. below. — Rocks r. U.
S. Calif.o: C. M. in Flora 1875. ;
80.B.lateritia Kindb. n. sp. — B. brachyphylla var. angusti-
folia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.—

Leaves ovate lanceolate broadly acuminate subobtuse nearly
smooth, slightly reflexed or partly flat at borders, crowded,
appressed when dry; cells subpellucid subquadrate; costa red
thick (princ. above), percurrent. Capsules unknown. Tufts
compact ‘brick red 1—2 c. m. high. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

« B. Leaves short gen. ovate.
81.B.brachyphylla Sullivant. —

‘»Leaves ovate obtuse recurved all around; costa percurrent.
Capsule cylindric; lid long-rostrate; teeth scarcely half-twisted;
calyptra short. Tufts dark brown dense high radiculose their
whole length. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
82.B.decursivula Kindb. cat. Can. m.

, Leaves recurved nearly all around, faintly papillose, loosely
disposed and long-decurrent, subtorquate or loosely appressed
when..dry, gen. ovate-acute; the uppermost of stem and some

— 265 —

branches broadly ovate-lanceolate; cells short small pellucid
exc. the elongate alar; costa red not excurrent. Capsules un-
known. Tufts 2—8 c. m. high somewhat dense; stem naked
below. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

c. Fallaciformes.

A. Peristome very much contorted. Leaves faintly papillose.
83.B.fallax Hedwig.

Leaves with ovate base and carinate not much longer acu-
men, reflexed at least below middle, us. curled when dry;
nearly ail basal cells quadrate. Capsule brown oblong-cylindric;
annulus not distinct. Tufts us. dense and not low, often ru-
fescent below. — Earth and stone. Hur. common. Sweden,
Switzerl., Italy! Amer. not common. Can.: Macoun.

* B.brevifolia Smith. — Tortula Sm.; Barbula Bridel.

Leaves smaller and shorter, nearly appressed when dry.
Capsule smaller; teeth shorter. Tufts us. low and rufescent.
— Rocks. Eur, not r. Sweden!

84.B.subfallax C. Mueller.

» Differs from B. fallax in its pale green color, basal leaf-
cells more distinctly rectangular, capsule short-pedicellate, annu-
lus simple; perichetial leaves longer and larger. — Amer. r.
U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Peristome not or faintly contorted. Leaves distinctly
papillose.
85.B.reflexa Bridel. — B. recurvifolia Schimper.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate gradually subulate-acuminate
sharply carinate, falcate when moist. Capsule subcylindric;
teeth once contorted. Tufts us. brown and very high. Very
r. fruiting. — Calcareous stones. Hur. not r. Sweden, Switzerl.!
Engl.: West. Amer, r. Can.: Macoun; Drummond 1389.
86.B.sparsidens C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves small ovate-lanceolate carinate reflexed nearly all
around; lower basal cells rectangular hyaline. Capsule small
reddish oblong-cylindric; teeth loosely half-twisted with sprea-
ding points when dry. Tufts loose 0,5—1 c. m. high,
green above, ferruginous below. — On earth r. Amer, Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.
87.B.semitorta Sullivant.

»Upper leaves linear-lanceolate gradually tapering from near
the base, flat at borders, tufted and squarrose; costa thick
percurrent. Capsule. cylindric oblong; teeth half-twisted; annu-

18

— 266 —

lus very narrow not revoluble. Plants short simple loosely
cespitose. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
88.B.spadicea Mitten.

Leaves channelled with short ovate base and longer acumen,
reflexed below middle; lowest basal cells short-rectangular. Cap-
stle cylindric; teeth short nearly straight. Tufts brown-green
or fuscous not low. — On stone r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.!
Engl.: Whitehead. Germany: Schliephacke. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.

* B.Zetterstedtii Schimper. — Didymodon Sch.; Barbula Kindb.;
B. vaginata Lindb.

Leaves larger very acute, the perichetial half-sheathing. Cap-
sules not seen. Resembles Didymodon rigidulus. — Rocks r.
Eur, Sweden!; J. E. Zetterstedt; Lindberg.

d. Vinealiformes.

A. Leaves reflexed all around; cells very pellucid. Plants
small,
89.B.virescens Lesquereux.

Leaves small broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly smooth; cells
gen. short well-distinct, the upper round-oval not confluent.
Capsule small cylindric; teeth contorted. Tufts green dense
about 1 c. m. high. — Rocks r. Amer. U. S. Calif. near Oak
land: Bolender, com. C. Mueller.

B. Leaves partly flat at borders. Plants us. high and
robust.

a. Upper leaf-cells opake confluent very papillose.

aa. Leaf-base long ovate-lanceolate; costa not excurrent.
90.B.eylindrica Taylor. — Zygotrichia Tayl.; Barbula Schimp.

Leaves large entire with long narrow acumen, crisped; basal
cells short-rectangular. Perichetial leaves gradually acuminate;
costa subexcurrent. Capsule reddish cylindric; teeth once con-
torted. Tufts rusty red us. high. Very r. fruiting in Europe.
— Rocks and stonewalls. Zur. not r. in warmer distr. Swe-
den, Switzerl.! Belgium: Gravet. Amer. Can. Pacif. dist.: Ma-
coun. U. S.: Roell.
91.B.sinuosa Wilson. — Dicranella Wils.; Barbula Braithwaite.

Differs from the last: Leaves lurid green less reflexed with
broader base and longer sinuolate-denticulate acumen, often
brittle; lower basal cells rectangular subhyaline. Capsules un-
known. Habit of Didymodon tenuirostris. — Rocks ry. Eur.
Austria: Venturi. Engl.: Boswell. France: Berthoumieu. Bel-
gium: Gravet. Amer. U. S. Wash.: Roell.

— 267 —

92.B.elata Durieu et Montagne.

Leaves entire nearly gradually subulate not large, faintly
crisped; basal cells pellucid gen. rectangular. Perichetial leaves
with narrower often sublinear channelled acumen; costa sub-
excurrent or in the shorter uppermost leaves wanting. Capsule
reddish subcylindric; teeth contorted. Tufts brown-green often
high. — Amer. ry. Pacif. distr. U. 8.: Roell; Henderson, com.
Cardot.

bb. Leaf-base subovate or ovate-oblong; costa often ex-
current.
93.B.vinealis Bridel.

Leaves with oblong base and not longer in upper part su-
bulate-filiform acumen, reflexed below middle, nearly straight
when moist; inner basal cells short-rectangular; costa nearly
filling the upper part of acumen, in the more abruptly atte-
nuate perichetial longer excurrent. Capsule short oblong-cylin-
dric; teeth short pale once contorted. Tufts lower than in B,
cylindrica, us. brown or brown-red. Not r. fruiting. — Rocks
and stonewalls. Hur. not r. in warmer distr. Switzerl.| France:
Husnot m. Gall. Italy: Venturi; Roell. Amer. r. Can.:; Ma-
coun.
94.B.flexifolia Hampe.

»Differs from B. vinealis in leaves crisped when dry, falcate
when moistened, borders revolute; capsule narrower subcylin-
dric dark red or brown; teeth much twisted reddish then whi-
tiso or variable in color. — On the ground r. Amer. U. 5S.
Calif.»; Lesq. et Jam.
95.B.circinnatula C., M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves from ovate or ovate-oblong base somewhat abruptly
narrowed to the subulate much longer acumen, reflexed below,
curved when moist, circinnate when dry; basal cells gen. short
dusky; costa well-distinct but not excurrent also in the nearly
similar perichetial leaves. Capsule subcylindric; teeth pale
much contorted; annulus simple by one row of large cells.
Tufts greenish somewhat high, or red-brown below. — Wet
earth and rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.
96.B.subcylindrica Brotherus.

Leaves from subovate base abruptly narrowed to the longer
and subobtuse acumen, falcate when moist; lower basal cells
rectangular hyaline. Tufts dark brown. Capsules unknown.
Otherwise as the last. — Amer. rv. U. S. Pacif. distr.: Roell,
com. Brotherus.

—- 268 —

97.B-horridifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Differs from the both last and B. vinealis in leaves faintly
papillose loosely disposed long-decurrent. Leaves from ovate
base narrowed to a longer and long-subulate acumen, falcate
when moist, crisped or spreading when dry; basal cells pellu-
cid short-rectangular, the inner larger; costa broader below
vanishing in apex, not excurrent. Capsule cylindric; teeth red-
dish scarcely more than once contorted with long in dry state
spreading points. Tufts somewhat high, brown or rusty red
below, greenish at tops. — Damp rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif.
distr.: Macoun.
98.B.tortellifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, less distinctly decurrent;
the comal larger and crowded with short-excurrent costa. Pe-
richetial leaves suddenly tapering to a long narrow acumen;
costa slightly excurrent. Peristome whitish. Tufts often higher
sometimes quite red. — Wet rocks. Amer. Pacif. distr. prince.
near sea. Can. less r.: Macoun.

b. Leaves also the uppermost nearly smooth; upper cells
pellucid well-distinct.
99.B.robustifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves shorter and more crowded than in the last, from
ovate base narrowed to the subulate acumen, reflexed nearly
to middle at one side, falcate or crisped; basal cells subquadrate
hyaline; costa equally broad and distinct to apex, not excur-
rent. Capsules unknown. Tufts dark brown or olive-green.
— Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

110. Ceratodon Bridel.

A. Leaves carinate. Outer perigonial leaves long-acuminate
acute.
1.C._purpureus L. — Mnium L.; Ceratodon Brid.

Leaves reflexed nearly all around, entire or slightly denticu-
late near apex, gen. not decurrent, us. broadly ovate-lanceolate
attenuate not subulate at apex; cells small us. chlorophyllose;
costa us. percurrent. Inner perichetial leaves (1 or 2) obtusate
or short-acuminate. Capsule sometimes strumose us. curved
when dry; teeth with numerous articulations, often marginate;
lid elongate-conic; pedicel red. Outer perigonial leaves with
scarcely excurrent costa. Tufts us. not tomentose. Dioecious.
— Gravelly soil. Hur. common. Sweden etc! Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

— 269 —

*C.brevifolius Milde. — C. dimorphus Philibert.

Leaves ovate-oblong; costa often long-excurrent. — R. Eur.
Switzerl.: Philibert. Amer. U. 8. Oregon: Lyall, com. Macoun.
*C.xanthopus Sullivant.

- Leaves long-subulate; costa gen. excurrent. Perichetial leaves
2 or 8 more distinct. Pedicel yellow. — Amer, r. Can. Brit.
Col.: Dawson, com. Macoun.

*C.arcticus Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves small subdecurrent, not much patent when moist; cells
hyaline not chlorophyllose, larger than in the common C. pur-
pureus. Tufts compact tomentose. Capsules unknown. — Arctic
distr. r. Hur. Spetsbergen near Kobbebay: Berggren 1868.
2.C.conicus Hampe. — Trichostomum Hampe; Ceratodon Lindb.;
C. minor Austin.

Differs from C. purpureus: Leaves shorter; costa not r. excur-
rent. Capsule straight; teeth immarginate with few articula-
tions. — Earth and walls r. Hur. Switzerl.!; Mari. Amer, Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.
3.C.Columbiz Kindb. revue bryol. 1896,

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate, reflexed
below the somewhat long serrulate acumen; costa gen. excur-
rent. Inner perichetial leaves (2 or 1) with somewhat long
linear or lingulate acumen. Capsule curved when dry; teeth
with numerous articulations, broadly margined; lid short-conic
obtuse or subconvex; pedicel red. Outer perigonial leaves with
long-excurrent costa. Monoecious. — Amer. r. Pacif. distr.
Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves concave, princ. those of the long shoots. Peri-
gonial leaves obtuse, the outer not long-acuminate.
4.C.heterophyllus Kindb. in Ottawa Nat. vol. V.

Leaves of the short stem very few, narrowly ovate-lanceolate
subobtuse entire reflexed; costa percurrent. Shoot-leaves small
oval obtuse not distinctly reflexed; costa scarcely percurrent.
Capsule short not curved; teeth with few articulations; lid
short-conic; pedicel pale red or yellowish, finally red or blackish.
Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

111. Geheebia Schimper.
1.G.gigantea Funck. — Barbula Funck; Geheebia Boulay.

Leaves papillose entire carinate, reflexed below, gradually
acuminate or subovate-lanceolate with acute or subulate apex,
subfaleate when moist, spreading or faintly crisped when dry;
lower cells sinuous, upper subquadrate; costa subpercurrent.,

— 270 —

Tufts blackish or brown when dry, 6—20'c. m. high. Resem-
bling Barbula reflexa but more robust. — Rocks in alp. region
r. Eur, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Germany: Holler. Austria:
Berggren.

112. Aloina (C. M. as subg.) Kindb. in Skandinav. Natur-
forskaremétets handl. 1880.

A. Leaves close when dry, not patent when moist. Us.
synoecious.

1.A.brevirostris Hooker et Greville. — Tortula H. et G5; Alo-
ina Kindb. 1. c. and Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.

Leaves ovate-oval very broad, cucullate above; costa not ex-
current, Capsule us. cylindric with much shorter lid, r. subo-
void with nearly half as long lid; teeth us. once contorted;
calyptra reaching below lid; annulus broad partly revoluble.
— Walls prince. in limestone districts. Hur. Sweden: Hartman.
Norway: E. Nyman. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves incurved when dry, patent when moist. Dioe-
cious.

a. Peristome twice contorted; annulus broad revoluble. Ca-
lyptra reaching to the half of capsule.

2.A.stellata Schreber. — Bryum Schreber 1771; Aloina Kindb.
Laubm. 8. u. N,; Barbula rigida Hedwig 1787.

Leaves suboblong or narrower us. cucullate sometimes hair-
pointed; costa us. not excurrent. Capsule suboblong; lid much
shorter; pedicel red-brown. — Walls and clay banks. Eur.
Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi. Greece: Orphanides: Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

3.A.macrorhyncha Kindb. — Barbula (Aloina) cat. Can. m.

Leaves round-ovate cucullate; costa not excurrent. Capsule
oblong-ovoid; lid more than ?/, its length; pedicel pale red or
yellowish. — On earth r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Peristome once contorted; annulus narrow us. persistent.
Calyptra short. Capsule subcylindric.
4.A.ambigua Br. eur. — Barbula Br. eur.; Aloina Limpricht;
A. ericefolia Kindb. Laubm. S. u. N.; Tortula Lindb.

Leaves lanceolate-linear us. hamate-incurved at apex, some-
times subacute; costa not excurrent. Capsule erect at least
twice longer than lid; pedicel yellowish above and reddish
below, finally red-brown; calyptra not reaching below lid. —
Walls. Hur. Norway! France: Husnot. Greece: Orphanides,
Roemer. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

— 271 —

5.A.aloides Koch. — Trichostomum Koch; Aloina Kindb.
], c.3 Tortula Notaris; Barbula Bruch. ,

Leaves shorter and narrower than in the last, incurved or
cucullate, gen. acute with prominent subexcurrent costa. Cap-
sule often inclined us. much longer than lid; pedicel reddish;
calyptra not much prolonged below lid. — Clay banks. ur,
France: Husnot. Germany: Roemer. Italy: Arcangeli. Greece:
Orphanides,

113. Crossidium Juratzka.

A. Leaves blunt. Dioecious.
1.C.chloronotos (Bridel in part) Bruch. — Barbula (Brid.)
Bruch; Crossidium Limpricht.

Leaves oblong-lingulate, appressed when dry; hairpoint shorter
nearly smooth; upper leaf-cells greenish. Capsule narrow-oblong
at least twice longer than the rostrate lid; teeth twice contor-
ted; tube long. ‘Tufts dense. — Calcareous rocks and soil r.
Eur. Mediterr. distr. France: Schimper; Venturi; Philibert.
2.C.Heinrici Rau. — Barbula Rau; Crossidium Kindb.

»Differs from the last: Leaves few small more arrounded at
apex; some cells decolorate; hairpoint denticulate. Capsules
unknown. — Amer. r. U. 8. Kansas: Rau»: C. M. in Flora
1886.
3.C.Mannize C. Mueller. — Barbula (Argyrobarbula) C. M.;
Crossidium Kindb.

»Leaves few small without hairpoint; lamelle few. Capsule
small; peristomial tube short. — Amer r. U. S.»: C. M. in
Flora 1887.

B. Leaves narrowed above to the subacute apex. Monoe-
cious.
4.C.squamigerum Viviani. — Barbula Viv.; Crossidium Jur.;
Tortula membranifolia Hooker; Barbula Schultz.

Leaves subovate; hairpoint us. as long and denticulate; upper
leaf-cells hyaline. Capsule oblong, subcylindric or suboval,
finally blackish, longer than the rostrate lid; teeth twice con-

torted; tube long. Tufts dense. — Calcareous stones in war-
mer distr. r. Hur. France: Le Jolis; Bouvet. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

5.C.griseum Juratzka.

Differs from the last: Capsule finally brown; teeth shortish
not or faintly twisted nearly without basal tube. Leaves with
nearly smooth often longer hairpoint; those of shoots more
obtuse. — Eur. x. Italy: Roell; Bottini.

— 272 —

114. Pterygoneuron Juratzka.

A. Capsule immersed; calyptra mitriform. Leaves with long
rough hairpoint.
1.P.subsessile Bridel. — Gymnostomum Brid.; Pterygoneuron
Jur.; Pharomitrium Schimper.

Leaves suboval or obovate subacute not retlexed, papillose at
back. Capsule oval-globose; pedicel shorter; lid rostrate; peri-
stome none. Stem 2—5 m. m. high. — Sand and clay ¢.
Eur, Austria: Berggren. Germany: Schultze. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.

B. Pedicel exserted; calyptra cucullate. Leaves with smooth
point.
2.P.éavifolium Ehbrhart. — Pottia Ehrh.; Pterygoneuron Jur.

Differs also from the last in leaves smooth at back. — Clay
soil, often on walls. Hur. not uncommon. Sweden! France:
Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond.
3.P.lamellatum Lindberg. — Tortula Lindb.; Pterygoneuron
Jur.; Barbula cavifolia Schimper.

Differs from the last: Leaves papillose at back, faintly reflexed
below; costa shorter excurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; peri-
stome slightly twisted, loosed with difficulty; basal membrane
clathrate. Stem somewhat higher. — Wet clay soil r. Hur.
France: Bescherelle. Austria: Berggren.

115. Didymodon Hedwig, in part.

A. Leaves gen. entire; cells small at least the upper, r. (in
Stegonia) large.

a. Leaves not reflexed, often involute. Peristome nct twisted.
I. Stegonia. Leaves close also when moist, smooth entire
very broad concave or involute; cells large. Perichetial leaves
not sheathing. Stem short. Monoecious. Spores large.

II. Trichostomum. Leaves not imbricate when moist, us.
crisped when dry, papillose us. narrow. Spores small.

1. Pusilli. Peristome slightly twisted. Plants small; stem
very short. Monoecious.

2. Crispuliformes. Peristome not twisted. Dioecious. Plants
larger.

b. Leaves not involute gen. reflexed.

aa. Leaves half-sheathing, sometimes dentate above.

Il. Erythrophyllum. Leaves reflexed papillose us. pointed
by a long pellucid apical cell; basal cells long, hyaline or finally
reddish. Perichetial leaves sheathing. Peristome pale straight.
Tufts us. rusty red. Us. synoecious,

— 273 —

bb. Leaves entire not sheathing. Tufts dense.

IV. Desmatodon. Leaves short broad gen. reflexed, crisped;
basal cells long somewhat large and hyaline; costa often long-
excurrent, Peristome straight. Habit of Barbula (Zygotrichia).
Often monoecious.

V. Eu-Didymodon. Leaves reflexed us. short, r. twisted when
dry; cells small gen. short, the inner basal.us. rectangular
yellowish; costa gen. not or slightly excurrent. Peristome some-
times twisted. Habit: of Barbula (Eu-Barbula). Dioecious often
sterile.

B. Leaves gen. denticulate, not imbricate, sometimes with
propagula; cells somewhat large; costa not or shortly excur rent.
Peristome r. present. Us. dioecious.

VI. Leptodontium. Leaves dentate or denticulate, often not re-
flexed, gen. broad and obtusate, often crisped when dry; basal
cells at least the lowest rectangular hyaline.
VII. Hydrogonium. Differs from subg. Leptodontium in entire
leaves. :

I. Stegonia Venturi revue bryol.
1.D.latifolius Schweegrichen. — Weisia Schw.; Didymodon
Kindb.; Pottia C. M.

Leaves orbicular or subcochleariform gen. obtuse, sometimes
apiculate or with Jong hairpoint; upper cells subrhombic, the
lower hyaline longer; costa abbreviate or percurrent. Capsule
suboval or subcylindric; teeth pale red. Spores 0,03—0,04 m. m.
Tufts low green somewhat silver-like. —- Earth on alp. rocks.
Eur, less r. Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun; Drummond 70.

Il. Trichostomum Hedwig, in part.
1. Pusilli.
2.D.triumphans Notaris. — Trichostomum Not.; Didymodon
Kindb.

Leaves lanceolate-linear acute or obtuse; costa short-excurrent.
Perichetial leaves sheathing. Capsule oval; pedicel pale yellow
or at base reddish. — Earth and walls r. Hur. princ. in Me-
diterr. distr. France: Philibert.

* D.monspeliensis Schimper. — Trichostomum Sch.; Didymodon
Kindb.

Leaves concave, the perichetial with percurrent costa. Annulus
simple. — Hur. r. »France»: Schimper.
* D.Philiberti ia ae — Trichostomum Sch.; Didymodon
Kindb. . seo §

— 274 —

Perichetial leaves with excurrent costa. Annulus simple. --
Eur.-:. France: Philibert; Goulard.

*D.pallidisetus H. Mueller. — Trichostomum H. M.; Didy-
modoa Kindb.

Leaves plane below, the perichetial with percurrent costa.
Capsule finally striate; annulus simple; pedicel wholly pale
yellow. — Hur. r. Germany: Geheeb.

2. Crispuliformes.

A. Leaves carinate from dilated undulate base gradually
subulate. Habit of Barbula (Tortella). R. fruiting.
3.D.cylindricus Bruch. — Weisia Bruch; Didymodon Br. eur.

Leaves long narrow acute or subobtuse, sometimes sparingly
denticulate near apex; basal cells hyaline; costa not excurrent.
Capsule cylindric. Tufts dark green. — Siliceous rocks. Zur.
not common. Switzerl.! Sweden: Lindberg. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun.
4.D.hibernicus Mitten. — Tortula Mitt.; Didymodon Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves entire acute more dilated at
base; basal cells abruptly passing to the rounded green ones.
Stem often very long. — Wet rocks r. Hur. Ireland: Stewart
and Holt.

B. Leaves not carinate, sublinear or with sublinear or subu-
late acumen, entire.

a. Leaves channelled or involute; basal cells us. yellowish,
upper very small opake papillose.
5.D.brachydontius Bruch. — Trichostomum Bruch; Didymodon
Wilson; Trichostomum mutabile Notaris.

Leaves sublinear or narrowly ovate-lanceolate gen. acute,
sometimes ovate-oblong short-acuminate, not channelled near
apex; basal cells brownish or yellowish; costa excurrent. Cap-
sule oval-oblong or subeylindric; teeth smooth us. short irre-
gular; pedicel yellow. Tufts loose 1—2 ce. m. high or lower.
— Calcareous rocks. — Eur. Switzerl.! Sweden: Zetterstedt;
P. Larsson. Belgium: Roemer. France: Philibert; Brébisson.
6.D.Jutescens Lindberg. Mollia Lindb.; Didymodon Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves smooth pellucid longer-apiculate;
upper cells better defined. Tufts yellowish green. Capsules
unknown. — Fissures of limestone rocks r. — Eur. »Irel.:
Lindb.»: Braithwaite.
7.D.crispulus Bruch. — Trichostomum Br.; Didymodon Wilson.

Leaves from subovate base sublinear or r. suboblong, short-
attenuate often subobtuse, distinctly channelled or involute;

—- 275 —

basal cells yellowish or subhyaline; costa often excurrent to a
curved point. ‘Capsule oval-oblong; teeth papillose often deeply
cleft; pedicel red. Tufts dense. very low or 2—6 c. m. high.
— Calcareous stones. Hur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Spain: Levier.
France: Roux; Berthoumieu. Amer. r, »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
8.D).viridulus Bruch. — Trichostomum Br.; Didymodon Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer, linear-lanceolate, gradu-
ally long-acuminate. subulate. Capsule smaller. Stem low. —
Eur. ry. Sweden! Switzerl.: Culmann, eom. Husnot.
9.D.brevifolius Sendtner. — Trichostomum Sendt.; C. M. syn.;
Didymodon Kindb.; Mollia Braithwaite.

Leaves short from broader base nearly gradually attenuate
obtuse; basal cells yellowish pellucid; costa sometimes excurrent.
Capsule minute round-oval; lid as long; teeth papillose; pedicel
reddish below, yellow above. Tufts dense 0,5—1,5 c. m. high.
Habit of D. crispulus. — Limestone rocks r. Hur. »Engl.»:
Braithwaite. »Bosnia: Sendtner»: C. M.

b. Leaves concave not involute, somewhat broad and sub-
oblong-linear; basal cells hyaline.
10.D.littoralis Mitten. — Trichostomum Mitt.; Didymodon
Kindb.

Leaves obtuse; costa smooth yellowish short-excurrent. Cap-
sule oblong; teeth deeply cleft. Tufts green 1—4 c.:m. high.
— Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Hur. Engl.: Curnow. France:
Le Jolis. Norway: Hagen.
11.D.trachyneuron Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves short-attenuate subacute brittle; costa pale, papillose
at back, sometimes excurrent. Tufts low, green. Capsules
unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. near Quebec: Macoun.

Il]. Erythrophyllum Lindberg.

A. Leaves nearly smooth and faintly reflexed, not twisted
when dry. Tufts loose eradiculose. Capsules unknown.
12.D.oenodes C. M. et Kindb. — ‘D. oeneus C. M. et Kindb.
cat. Canad. m. (not D, eneus Schimper).

Leaves vinous-red ovate-oblong or narrowed from subovate
base, acute entire not apiculate, loosely appressed when dry;
costa nearly smooth at back. — Rocksr. Amer, Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

B. Leaves distinctly papillose and reflexed, crisped. Tufts
dense.

a. Leaves from broad-ovate base long-subulate; costa some~
timés excurrent. Plants robust,

— 276

13.D.ruber Juratzka.

Leaves long acute or subobtuse at apex, often denticulate
near it. Inner perichetial leaves subfiliform-subulate smooth
and. not recurved; costa filling nearly the whole upper part of
acumen: Capsule straight; cells-of the rostellate lid in straight
rows. Tufts reddish. Dioecious, very r. fruiting. — Alp. rocks r.
Eur. Austria: Breidler. Switzerl. fruiting: Philibert.

-b.. Leaves short-acuminate or obtusate obliquely apiculate;
costa not excurrent. Plants not robust. i
14.D.rubellus Hoffmann. — Bryum Hoffm.; Didymodon Br.
et Sch.

Leaves from short ovate base sublinear-cultriform, at apex
us. obtusate and entire or with few teeth. Perichetial leaves
nearly as long and similar. Capsule straight or indistinctly
curved; cells of lid as in the last. Us. synoecious. — Stone
and earth. Eur. common. Sweden etc.! Amer. not r. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.
15.D.alpigenus Venturi. — D. rubellus var. dentatus Schimper.

Leaves as in the last but more distinctly acuminate acute
often dentate near apex. Perichetial leaves subsubulate narrower.
Capsule narrower; lid with obliquely seriate cells. Dioecious.
-— Rocks in alp. regions r. Hur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
»Greenl.»:. Lange.
16.D.canadensis Kindb. cat. can. m.

Differs from D. rubellus: Capsule narrower. Perichetial leaves
short acuminate smooth not reflexed. Dioecious. — Rocks r.
Amer, Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

17.D. subruber Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves as in D. rubellus but often dentate. Perichetial leaves
long-subulate not recurved. Capsule curved; lid rostrate. Dioe-
cious. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
18.D.Baden-Powelli Kindb. in Ottawa Natur. vol. V.

Leaves as in D. rubellus but smaller shorter often denticulate,
less twisted when dry. Perichetial leaves as in D. canadensis,
Capsule curved; lid short blunt very thick. Tufts very com-
pact, pale brown below. Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
19.D.Debati Husnot revue bryol. 1895.

Differs from other species of this section in leaves densely
serrulate above basal part. Leaves from narrowly oblong base
gradually tapering to a scarcely longer acumen, not or slightly
crisped when dry. Stem about 5 c, m. long. Capsules un-

— 277 —

known. -- Stony places r. Eur. r. »France, 2000 metr. a. s.»!
Husnot 1. c. oe
IV. Desmatodon (Bridel) Schimper, in part.

A. Leaves with not excurrent costa, papillose.
20.D.arenaceus Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Desmatodon 8. Li;
Sulliv. icon. m.; Didymodon Kindb.

Leaves suboblong or oblong-lanceolate gen. obtuse, reflexed
nearly all around. Capsule long cylindric; teeth short whitish
cleft. to middle; lid short thick. Stem 1— 2 c. m. high. Mon-
oecious or pseudo-monoecious. —- Sandstone rocks r. Amer.
U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Demetriv, com. Cardot. Eur.
» Norway»: Hagen.

B. Leaves with long-excurrent costa.
22.D-plinthobius Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Desmatodon S, L;;
Didymodon Kindb.

Differs otherwise from the last: Lid of capsule narrower
somewhat longer. Dioecious. — Limestone rocks r. Amer.
U. S.: Ravenel, com. C. Mueller; Langlois, com. Cardot.
22.D.neomexicanus Sull. et Lesg. — Desmatodon 8. L.; Didy-
modon Kindb.

» Differs from the last in aus entire peristomial teeth.
Monoecious. — Amer. r. U. 5S. Texas: Wright»: Lesq. et Jam.
23 D.systylius Schimper. — Desmatodon Sch.; Didymodon
Kindb.

Leaves oblong-lingulate acute gen. short-acuminate, subpellu-
cid and nearly smooth, flat or near base indistinctly reflexed.
Capsule cylindric; teeth irregularly cleft yellowish or reddish;
lid systylic; pedicel yellow or finally pale red. — Rocks vr.
Eur. in higher alp. region. Hur. Norway. Amer. N.. Foundl.:
Waghorne (»D. systylioides» Ren. et Card.). Can. Manitoba:
Macoun.

V. Eu-Didymodon.

A. Leaves broadly acuminate or obtuse. Tufts not high.

a. Leaves papillose; costa not excurrent. Peristome well-
evolute.
24.D.tophaceus Bridel. — Trichostomum Brid.; Didymodon
Juratzka; D. Hendersoni Ren. et Card.; Barbula brevifolia Lindb.
_ Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate, obtuse or acute us. concave
with thick borders, more or less crisped. Capsule ovate-oblong
or subcylindric; pedicel red. Tufts olivaceous reddish-brown
below us. very compact r. loose. — Rocks prince. calcareous
and stonewalls, Hur. princ. in warmer districts, not. r.

<= 278 =

Switzerl., Norway! France: Le Jolis. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

b. Leaves smooth. Peristoine often rudimentary.
25.D.luridus Hornschuch. — Trichostomum Spruce.

Leaves ovate oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute, nearly
appressed when dry; cells short; costa percurrent. Capsule oval-
oblong or subcylindric; pedicel red. Tufts finally lurid-brown.
— Rocks and stonewalls. Hur. not r. in warmer distr. Swit-
zerl.| Engl.: Holt. France: Husnot. Germany: Herpell. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun. U. 8: Mrs L. C. Feely.
26.D.Lamyi Schimper; Husnot.

Differs from the last: Leaves slightly crisped; basal cells long
hyaline; costa slightly excurrent. Pedicel yellow above. Tufts
dark gieen..— Rocks r. Eur. France: Lamy, com. Husnot.
27.D.cordatus Juratzka. — Trichostomum Milde.

Leaves broader than in D. luridus, subcordate at base, cur-
ved when dry, often short subovate; costa percurrent or slightly
excurrent. Tufts green often with propagula. Capsules un-
known. — Schistose and calcareous rocks r. Eur. Switzerl.!
Italy: E. Adlerz. Germany: Herpell.

B. Leaves narrowly acuminate.

a. Leaves gen. papillose, faintly twisted when dry. Tufts
us. low and fuscescent.
28.D.rigidulus Hedwig. — Barbula Mitten.

Leaves from long ovate-lanceolate base tapering to the nar-
row nearly as long acumen, with thick reflexed borders, nearly
straight when moist; the upper part of acumen nearly filled by
costa; lower basal cells often long. Capsule oval-oblong or
cylindric; teeth not contorted but us. faintly twisted; pedicel
red. — Rocks and stonewalls. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Scotl.: Fergusson. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.:
Roell.
29.D.validus Limpricht.

‘Leaves smooth from ovate-oblong base tapering to a not long
acumen, gen. with thick reflexed borders, nearly straight when
moist; cells gen. short; costa thick often long-excurrent. Cap-
sules unknown. Tufts brown loosely cobering, about 1 ¢. m.
high (»5 c. m. or more»: Limpricht). — Calcareous alp. rocks r.
Eur, Austria: Gander.
30.D.Dieckii Brotherus. — Barbula Broth.; Didymodon Kindb.

Leaves from broad ovate-oblong base abruptly narrowed to
the subulate not longer acumen, flat. above, not or slightly

— 279 —

reflexed below, straight when moist; nearly all cells quadrate;
costa short-excurrent or percurrent. Capsules unknown. Habit
of the last. — Amer. r..U. S.: Roell, com. Brotherus.

b. Leaves mamillose nearly appressed when dry. Tufts
us. red-brown, often high and very large.
31.D.rufus Lorentz. — Barbula Juratzka.

Leaves from ovate or ovate-lanceolate base gradually acuminate
acute, faintly reflexed to above middle; nearly all cells short;
costa percurrent.. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Hur.
Austria: Breidler. Switzerl.: Pfeffer. Norway: Zetterstedt; Ha-
gen; E. Nyman. Amer. »Greenl.: Berggren.

VI. Leptodontium Hampe.

A. Leaves broadly limbate all around by pale cells, denti-
culate nearly all around, papillose.
32.D.recurvifolius Taylor. — Bryum Tayl.; Didymodon Wilson.

Leaves ovate-oblong obtusate subobtuse not reflexed, sprea-
ding when moist; costa short-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
Tufts blackish brown 2—10 ¢ m, high. — Wet rocks r. Eur.
Engl.: Holt.

B. Leaves not or indistinctly limbate, entire below middle.

a. Leaves papillose and reflexed; costa not percurrent.
33.D.flexifolius Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Didymodon Hoo-
ker et Taylor.

Leaves oval-oblong or lingulate, obtusate acute or apiculate,
dentate above middle or in upper third, reflexed at both sides,
spreading when moist. Capsule cylindric; teeth fugacious some-
times entire; pedicel pale yellow. Stem 1—3 c. m. high. —
Bare gravelly and turfy places in warmer districts r. Hur.
Engl.: Boswell. France: Husnot.
34.D.styriacus Juratzka.

Differs from the last: Leaves narrower, sparingly dentate near
apex, reflexed at one side, patent when moist; lower basal cells
gen. wider. Capsules unknown. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria:
Breidler.

b. Leaves papillose not reflexed; costa sometimes excurrent.
35.D.gemmascens Mitten. —- Leptodontium Braithwaite: »Strep-
topogon Mitten»: Braithw.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute, distantly
dentate above, spreading or claviculiform when moist; costa
short-excurrent with propagula at apex. Stem 2—5 c. m.
high.. Capsules unknown. -—— »On thatched roofs». r. .Hur.
Engl.: Davies, com. W. H. Pearson. |: oa

—- 280 —

36.D.Heimii Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Didymodon Kindb.;
Pottia Fuernrohr.

Leaves lanceolate or sublingulate, the upper long-acuminate
acute, densely serrulate above, not spreading; costa us. not
excurrent. Capsule short subcylindric or oval-oblong; lid systylic;
peristome none; pedicel red. Stem 1—2 c. m. or lower. Mon-
oecious or synoecious. —- Wet soil often near sea sometimes
‘in alps. — Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway! Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Drummond; Waghorne.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
*D.Ryani Philibert. — Pottia Phil; Didymodon Kindb.

»Leaves very small, oval or short-oblong, very obtuse and

entire. Lid of capsule short and thick. — Eur. Norway:
Ryan-: Philibert revue bryol. 1896.

37.D.heimioides Kindb. — Pottia Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves suboblong, the lower obtuse, the upper short-acuminate
acute; costa gen. excurrent. Capsule cylindric longer and nar-
rower than in the last; peristome present but rudimentary; pe-
dicel golden yellow. Stem only 2—3 m. m. high. Otherwise
as the last. — Earth in alps r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Ma-
coun.

c. Leaves smooth distantly dentate or denticulate.

38.D.riparius Austin. — Pottia Aust.; Sulliv. icon. m.; Didy-
modon Kindb.; Barbula lingulata Warnstorf; Trichostomum
Warnstorffii Limpricht.

Leaves oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse sometimes apiculate,
sparingly denticulate near apex sometimes to 4/,, patent when
moist; only the lowest basal cells rectangular; costa not or
scarcely percurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric; peristome un-
known; annulus broad. Stem to 3 c. m. high, sometimes with
propagula. — Wet rocks near water r. Eur. Switzerl.: Weber;
Culmann, com. Husnot. Amer. U. S8.: Austin, com. Mrs
Britton.
39.D.Macounii Kindb. (new name). — Leptodontium canadense
Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lingulate acute, coarsely
dentate at. least in upper half, spreading when moist; lower
basal cells rectangular; costa percurrent or short-excurrent,
Stem scarcely 1 c. m. high. Capsules and male plants un-
known. — Stones in rivers r. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun.

— 281 —

VII. Hydrogonium C. Mueller.
40.D.Ehrenbergii Lorentz. —- Trichostomum Lor.; Didymodon
Kindb.; Trichostomum (Hydrogonium) mediterraneum C.: M.

Leaves sublinear or ovate-lanceolate subobtuse not (or indi-
stinctly near base) reflexed, patent when moist; basal cells
narrow hyaline, the others smooth subpellucid sparingly chloro-
phyllose; costa not or scarcely excurrent. Capsules unknown.
Stem often 3—6 c. m. high. —. Wet calcareous rocks r. Eur.
»France: Taxis»: Boulay (Africa, Alger: Debat; Philibert).

116. Pottia Ehbrhart.

A. Leaves smooth with hyaline cells. Paroecious.
1.P.venusta Juratzka.

»Upper leaves long obovate-oblong spathulate short-acuminate
not reflexed; costa excurrent. Capsule oval-cylindric; teeth
none; annulus double persistent. — Hur.»: Schimper (» Asia
island Cyprus: Unger»: Jur.).
2.P.pallida Lindberg.

»Leaves recurved near middle, shorter than in the last.
Capsule oval-oblong; annulus none. Smaller than the last. —
Eur, r. Spain: J. Lange»: Schimper.

B. Leaves often papillose; cells more or less chlorophyllose.

a. Paroecious. Leaves us. reflexed and _ papillose; costa
long-excurrent.
3.P.crinita Wilson.

Leaves broadly oblong-lingulate obtusate often obtuse, papil-
lose and reflexed. Capsule us. suboval; teeth wanting or rudi-
mentary; pedicel orange; calyptra us. smooth -— Moist banks
and rocks near sea r. Hur. Engl.: Ralfs.

* P.viridifolia Mitten; Braithwaite.

Lower leaf-cells shorter, the upper smaller. Peristome none.
— Rocks near sea r. Eur. Irel.: Stewart. France: Le Jolis.

* P.asperula Mitten; Braithwaite.

Leaf-cells as in P. crinita *viridifolia. Peristome none. Ca-
lyptra scabrous. — Hur. r. Engl.: Curnow.

* P.Wilsoni Hooker. — Gymnostomum Hook.; Pottia Br. eur.

Lower leaf-cells long narrow, the upper very small. Capsule
narrower; teeth rudimentary. Calyptra scabrous. — Sandy
rocky ground r. Eur. France: Lamy. Engl.: Curnow. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
4.P.cuneifolia Solms Laubach.

Lower leaves linear-oblong, the upper longer and spathulate-
oblong subobtuse smooth r. reflexed. Capsule oval-oblong

19

— 282 —

small; teeth indistinct; pedicel reddish. Plants small. — Eur.
r. Portugal: Solms Laubach, com. Venturi.
5.P.Notarisii Schimper.

»Differs from P. crinita: Leaves smaller narrower; upper cells
scarcely chlorophyllose. Capsule oblong-cylindrie longer narro-
wer and longer-pedicellate. — Eur. ry. Sardinia: F. Mueller»:
Schimp. syn.

b. Monoecious. Leaves often smooth and not reflexed.
Pedicel reddish.
6.P.truneatula L. — Bryum L; Pottia Lindb.; P. truncata
Fuernrohr.

Leaves subobovate acute or short-acuminate smooth not
reflexed; costa not long-excurrent. Capsule short cupuliform
or subhemispheric; teeth none. — Earth in fields and gardens.
Eur, common. Sweden! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: com. Macoun.
7.P.lanceolata Hedwig. — Leersia H.; Pottia C. M.

Leaves oblong-lingulate acute obtusate or short-acuminate,
us. reflexed and more or less papillose; costa often long-excur-
rent. Capsule oblong-oval; teeth often well-evolute. — On
earth. Hur. not r. Switzerl.! Sweden: S. Hardin. France: Puget.
Italy: Arcangeli.

* P.littoralis Mitten; Braithwaite.
Leaves nearly smooth; costa shorter-excurrent. Peristome

none. — Sandy soil near sea r. Hur. Engl.: Rogers. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

*P.intermedia Turner. — Gymnostomum Turn.; Pottia Fuern-
rohr.

Leaves faintly papillose sometimes slightly reflexed; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule gen. subcylindric; teeth none or rudi-
mentary. — Banks and walls. Eur. not r. Sweden! France:
Brébisson. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

117. Dermatodon Huebener.
1.D.cernuus Huebener. — Desmatodon Br. eur.; Cynodontium
latifolium Schweegrichen.

Leaves oblong sublingulate sharply acuminate acute limbate
papillose, reflexed at least to middle, us. denticulate near apex;
costa excurrent finally reddish. Capsule broad-ovate inclined
or horizontally patent with erect neck, finally red-brown; teeth
long us. deeply cleft; lid apiculate; pedicel straight yellow
finally red 10—16 m. m. long. Spores about 0,04 m. m.
Tufts dense to 2--3 c. m. high, often lower. Monoecious.

— 283 —

— Calcareous stones and walls or (in Amer.) on earth, not
common. Hur. Switzerl.| Austria: Breidler. Norway: Zetter-
stedt. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond 114.

*DP.xanthopus Kindb. — Desmatodon Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves less chlorophyllose; costa greenish. Capsule larger;
teeth more united; pedicel yellow not red. — On earth r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

2.D.camptothecius Kindb. — Desmatodon cat. Canad. m.
Differs from D. cernuus: Leaves narrower and longer, sub-
obtuse gen. entire, nearly smooth, reflexed only near base;
costa greenish. Capsule arcuate pale brown or pale red; teeth
short cut in 2—4 partly cohering segments; lid with oblique
beak; pedicel flexuous arcuate when young, reddish yellow. —-
Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

118. Weisia Ehrhart.
A. Leaves long narrow, serrate at the broad base, at least
the perichetial. Dioecious. Stem us. high.

I. Eueladium. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous; teeth
more or less cleft; annulus persistent or indistinct. Leaves not
recurved, gen. faintly crisped when dry; cells pellucid; costa
excurrent.

B. Leaves broad entire crisped. Monoecious or paroecious.

II. Pseudo-Pottia. Capsule long-exserted; teeth often present;
lid deciduous. Leaves concave often recurved; upper cells
small; costa sometimes excurrent Habit of Pottia. Stem low.

C. Leaves entire narrow gen. sublinear.

a. Leaves often involute us. crisped; costa often excurrent.
Stem low. Often monoecious.
II. Astomum. Capsule not emerging above upper leaves;
lid persistent or loosed with difficulty; teeth none. Stem very
short,
IV. Hymenostomum. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous;
teeth none. Leaves crowded; costa excurrent. Monoecious.
V. Eu-Weisia. Capsule long-exserted; lid deciduous; teeth
present at least rudimentary, us. entire. Leaves crowded; costa
sometimes not excurrent.

b. Leaves not involute and not or slightly crisped; costa
not excurrent. Dioecious. Stem often high.
Vl. Hymenostylium. Capsule without peristome; lid systylic;
annulus none. Leaves partly recurved; upper cells more or
less pellucid.

— 284 —

VIL Gymnostomum. Capsule sometimes but r. with peri-
stome; lid deciduous not systylic; annulus often present. Leaves
sublinear not recurved; cells gen. subquadrate, the upper us.
opake and very small.

j I. Eucladium Br. eur.
1.W.verticillata L. — Bryum L.; Weisia C. Mueller.

Leaves carinate brittle from short ovate base somewhat
abruptly narrowed to the nearly subulate acumen; inner basal
cells much larger than the outer. Capsule brownish suboblong;
teeth cleft or perforated. Tufts eradiculose us. encrusted with
calcareous deposite. R. fruiting. -—- Dripping calcareous or
sandstone rocks. Eur. prince. in southern distr. not r. Switzerl.!
Sweden very r.! Spain: Levier; Dieck, com. Roell. Greece:
Heldreich. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

Il. Pseudo-Pottia Kindb.

A. Leaves not recurved. Peristomial teeth well-evolute more
or less perforated; annulus distinct. Monoecious.
2.W.cespitosa Bruch. — Pottia C. M.; Trichostomum Jur.

Leaves suboblong acute or short-acuminate; basal cells small
short-rectangular; costa short-excurrent. Capsule subovate small-
mouthed us. twice longer than the rostellate lid; pedicel yellow.
Often loosely tufted. — Bare calcareous soil in warmer distr.
r. Eur. France: Philibert; Brébisson. Germany: Schemmann.

B. Leaves recurved. Peristome us. imperfect or wanting;
annulus not distinct. Paroecious.

3.W.Starkei Hedwig. — Pottia C. M.

Leaves subobovate-oblong or narrower, acute or short-acumi-
nate, recurved nearly al] around; basal cells rectangular; costa
gen excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong; lid short thick subconic
or obtuse; pedicel us. yellowish. Us. not tufted. Smaller than
the last. — Fallow fields and banks. Hur, not r. Sweden:
Hamnstrem. France: Bouvet. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. r.
»U. S.o: Lesq. et Jam.

*W.Davallii Smith. — Gymnostomum Sm.; Weisia Kindb.;
Pottia minutula Br. eur.

Capsule subovate; teeth none; pedicel reddish. Leaves often
rufescent when old. Very small. — Hur. not r. Sweden, Swit-
zerl.!| Amer. yr. »J. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

*W.mutica Venturi. — Pottia Vent.; Weisia Kindb.

Leaves with subpercurrent costa. Peristome rudimentary. —

Dolomitic rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.: Mari.

— 285 —

*W.commutata Limpricht. — Pottia Limpr.; Weisia Kindb.
»Capsule often inclined; teeth very short. Leaves narrower

reflexed, sometimes suboval subobtuse. — Calcareous soil r.

Eur. Istria: Weiss»: Limpricht.

4.W.groenlandica Kindb. in Hedwigia 1897 p. 65.

Leaves suboblong-linear or sublingulate very obtuse, only the
uppermost recurved; cells nearly smooth; costa not percurrent.
Capsule oblong; lid long-conic much shorter; teeth none; pe-
dicel reddish. — Habit of W. Starkei. — Arctic distr. r.
Amer, Green]. Silch: Baur 1885, com. Roell.

III. Astomum Hampe (Systegium Schimper).

A. Leaves channelled not involute.

a. Leaves with long-excurrent costa, crisped.
5.W.Levieri Limpricht. — Astomum Limpr.; Weisia Kindb.

Comal leaves and the outer perichetial long-subulate much
larger than in W. crispa; inner perichetial short-acuminate much
shorter. Capsule globose-oval; pedicel very short; lid rostrate.
— Clay soil r. Hur. Italy: E. Levier.

b. Leaves with subpercurrent costa.
6.W.multicapsularis Smith. — Phascum Sm.; Weisia Mitten.

Lower leaves distant; comal and perichetial larger, long-acu-
minate subulate, crisped; costa not or slightly excurrent. Cap-
sule subglobose or oval-oblong not much longer than pedicel.
— Clay fields r. Hur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.
7.W.Mittenii Bruch et Schimper. — Astomum B. S.; Weisia
Mitt.

Lower leaves distant; the uppermost larger, subulate, shorter-
acuminate than in the last, not or faintly crisped; costa not
excurrent. Capsule subglobose; pedicel somewhat longer. —
Clay fields and banks r. Hur. »Hngl.»: Braithwaite.
8.W.rostellata Bridel. — Phascum Brid.; Weisia Lindb.

Leaves crowded long-acuminate acute not distinctly subulate,
crisped; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oval-oblong; pedicel
2—3 times longer. — On earth r. Eur. Engl.: Rogers. France:
Sebilles, com. Husnot.

B. Leaves involute gen. carinate and long-acuminate, crisped.

a. Leaves with gen. long-excurrent costa: the lower distant.
9.W.erispa Hedwig. — Phascum H.; Weisia Mitten.

Comal and perichetial leaves long-subulate. Capsule sub-
globose; pedicel shorter; lid us. with short beak. —- Clay or
sandy soil. Hur. not r. Switzerl.! Sweden: Lindberg; 8. Har-
din. Amer, Can.; Drummond n. 11, com. Macoun,

— 286 —

b. Leaves long-acuminate with subpercurrent costa, the
lower distant. Capsule with rostellate lid.
10.W.Sullivantii Schimper. — Astomum Sch.; Sull. icon. m.;
Weisia Kindb.

Capsule globose; pedicel shorter. —~ Clover-fields r. Amer.
U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller; Mohr, com. Macoun.
11.W.nitidula Schimper. — Astomum Sch.; Weisia Kindb.

»Capsule ovoid; pedicel much longer. — Amer. r. U. S.»:
Sullivant icon. m.

*W.Drummondii Kindb. — Systegium cat. Can. m.

Capsule subglobose; pedicel 83—4 times longer, nearly emer-
ging above upper leaves. -—- Amer. r. Can.: Drummond, com.
Macoun.

c. Leaves crowded: upper long-acuminate, lower short-acu-
minate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule with thick short obtuse

point.
12.W.Ludovicie# Sullivant. — Astomum Sull. ic. m.; Weisia
Kindb.

Capsule suboval; pedicel often somewhat longer. — Amer. r.

»U. S.»: Sullivant.
IV. Hymenostomum R. Brown.

A. Pedicel short. Stem finally decumbent. Leaves not
involute.
13.W.squarrosa Esenbeck et Hornschuch. — Hymenostomum
Es. et Hornsch.; Weisia C. M.

Capsule with somewhat small mouth. Plants very small. —
Clay fields and banke r. Hur. France: Husnot. Germany:
Dreesen.

B. Pedicel elongate. Stem erect. Leaves involute.
14.W.microstoma Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves us. not strongly involute above; costa pale faint.
Capsule with very small mouth, often asymmetric. — Banks
and barren fields. Hur. not uncommon. Sweden, Spain etc.!
15.W.tortilis Schweegrichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves less involute; costa stout finally brown. Capsule
symmetric with somewhat wide mouth. — Limestone rocks
and walls r. Hur. Switzerl.! France: Boulay. Engl.: Rogers.

V. Eu-Weisia.

A. Perichetial leaves obtuse short convolute. Other leaves

with not distinctly excurrent costa, not involute,

— 287 —

16.W.convoluta C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves sublinear-subulate. Capsule gen. narrow; beak shorter.
— Crevices of rocks prince. in alps r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts
2300 metr. a. sea, Vance. isl. and Peace river: Macoun.

B. Perichetial leaves acute not convolute. Other leaves
with excurrent costa.

17.W.viridula L. — Bryum L.; Weisia Hedwig.

Leaves from subovate base acuminate, strongly involute, only
the lowest with flat borders; costa pale, papillose at back.
Capsule us. suboval with shorter beak; pedicel yellow. — On
earth, often on walls and roadsides. Hur. common in lower
districts. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond
67. U. 8.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.

*W.longirostris Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 59.
Capsule more wide-mouthed, gen. shorter than beak; teeth
gen. rudimentary. — Amer. r. U. 8. Chicago: Roell.

* W.crispata Esenbeck et Hornschuch; Gymnostomum Es. et
Hech.; Weisia Juratzka.

Capsule more small-mouthed, suboblong, r, longer than beak;
teeth rudimentary. — Clay and calcareous soil. Hur. Switzerl.!
Sweden: J. Persson.

* W.longiseta Lesquereux et James.

Leaves larger, more hyaline at base. Peristomial teeth often
cleft. Tufts gen. more dense. — R. Hur. Engl.: Rogers. Amer.
U. S.: Mohr, com. Macoun; Langlois, com. Cardot.

18.W.Wimmeri Sendtner. — Gymnostomum Sendt. Weisia
Br. eur.

Differs from W. viridula in suboblong leaf-base and paroe-
cious inflorescence. Peristome us. rudimentary. — Earth in
alp. regions r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.!; Schimper.
19.W.rutilans Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Weisia Lindb.;
W. mucronata Br. eur; W. Wolfii Lesq. et Jam.

Differs from W. viridula in nearly all leaves flat at borders.
Capsule us. suboval; beak shorter; pedicel orange about 1c. m.
long. — Clay soil r, Hur. Engl.: Barnes, com. Bottini. Italy:
Roell. Amer. Can. Ottawa and Vanc. isl: Macoun. U. &.:
Wolf, com. C. Mueller.

* W.Ganderi Juratzka.

Capsule oblong scarcely longer than beak. — Eur, r. Switzerl.!

France: Philibert.

— 288 —

VI. Hymenostylium Bridel.
20.W.curvirostris Ebrhart. — Pottia Ehrh.; Weisia Cc. M.;
Gymnostomum Hedwig.

Leaves long narrowly ovate-lanceolate or sublinear acuminate
acute carinate, more or less papillose: the upper sometimes
faleate; cells often faintly yellowish or less pellucid, rectangular
or subquadrate; the lower basal cells hyaline sometimes
rhomboidal. Perichetial leaves costate nearly similar. Capsule
red-brown subglobose or obovate; beak longer and oblique.
Tufts radiculose often high, sometimes loosely cohering. —
Caleareous and schistose rocks prince. in alps. Hur. not un-
common, Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. U. S.: Demetrio, com. Cardot.
21.W.platyphyHa Kindb. — Gymnostomum Kindb. bull. Torr.
club 1889.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusate obtuse nearly smooth con-
cave or channelled, shorter and broader than in the last; cells
pellucid somewhat large: the upper subquadrate, the inner
basal rectangular hyaline. Perichetial leaves ovate, the inner
not or indistinctly costate. Capsules unknown. Tufts not
high nearly eradiculose. -- Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.
near a waterfall: Macoun.

VU. Gymnostomum Hedwig.

A. Tufts compact. Stem somewhat elongate. Capsule witl:
indistinct or narrow persistent annulus; peristome none; pedicel
yellow.
22.W.rupestris Schleicher. — Gymnostomum Schl.; Weisia
C. M.

Leaves carinate often acuminate, acute or obtuse, not or
faintly curved when moist, somewhat long; costa not percurrent.
Perichetial leaves nearly similar not sheathing. Capsule oblong
finally pale yellow, at least twice longer than the conic beak;
annulus none. Tufts often high us. brown-green. — Rocks
prince. siliceous. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!
Engl.: Holt. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne; Drummond 24.
23.W.ecalearea Esenbeck et Hornschuch. --- Gymnostomum
Es. et Hornsch.; Weisia C. M.

Leaves channelled or indistinctly carinate above, obtusate or
short-acuminate, acute or obtuse, not or faintly curved when
moist, not long; costa not percurrent. Perichetial leaves larger
and longer with long sheathing base and shorter, attenuate
acumen; the inner shorter. Capsule oval-oblong yellowish; lid

— 289 —

short with conic beak; annulus narrow. Tufts us. light green
mostly encrusted by chalk, lower than in the last. — Caleareous
rocks. Hur. not uncommon in southern distr. Switzerl.! France:
Philibert. Spain: Levier. Italy: Arcangeli. Amer. ry. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

24.W.faleata Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895.

Differs from the resembling last: Upper leaves distinctly ca-
rinate somewhat long-acuminate and gen. acute, falcate when
moist; costa gen. percurrent. Inner perichetial leaves long-
acuminate not or indistinctly sheathing. Lid of capsule nearly
flat. Tufts dark green less compact. — Calcareous rocks r.
Eur. Italy monte Caprino near Lugano: Roell and Kindb.

B. Tufts loose very low. Capsule minute; annulus us. broad.
Leaves channelled. Plants small.

a. Lower leaves not shorter than the upper; cells pellucid,
the upper nearly smooth well-distinct.
25.W.Barbula Schwegrichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Weisia
Kindb.; Hyophila Hampe; Pottia C. M.

Leaves not long, obtusate gen. obtuse, not or faintly curved
when moist. Perichetial leaves nearly similar not sheathing;
the innermost one from short base somewhat narrowed to a
long linear obtuse at one side faintly reflexed acumen. Capsule
long cylindric; beak short; teeth none; annulus broad loosed
in pieces. — Rocky banks of mountain rivulets r. Amer.
»U. S.: Garber»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant,
com. C. Mueller).

b. Lower leaves shorter than the upper; upper cells opake
very small, Leaves often curved when moist.

aa. All leaves short; costa not percurrent. Capsule with
broad annulus.

26 W.tenuis Schrader. — Gymnostomum Schrad.; Weisia C.
M.; Gyroweisia Schimper.

Leaves sublingulate arrounded at apex not acuminate. Peri-
chetial leaves larger and longer with long sheathing base and
sublinear obtuse shorter acumen. Capsule oblong; lid conic
much shorter; teeth none; annulus often revoluble. Stem often
with shoots at base; their leaves smaller and shorter. — Lime-
stone and sandstone rocks princ. in warmer districts. Eur. less
r. Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Lamy. Engl.: Cunliffe. Amer,
r. Can,; Drummond 21; White, com. Macoun.

— 290 -—

* W.reflexa Bridel. — Gyroweisia Schimper.

Peristome present us. rudimentary. Leaves more curved. —
Eur. r. France: Camus, com. Husnot.
27.W.acutifolia Philibert. — Gyroweisia Phil.; Weisia Kindb.
»Gyroweisia tenuis»: Limpricht.

Leaves not arrounded at apex; the upper sometimes acute,
not much longer than the lower. Perichetial leaves acuminate
acute. Capsule suboval twice longer than beak; teeth none;
annulus revoluble. — Caverns of calcareous rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl.: Philibert.
28.W.pusilla Kindb. revue bryol. 1896. — »Gymnostomum
tenue»: Kindb. cat. Canad. m,

Leaves obtusate subacute not arrounded at apex. Perichetial
leaves not larger and not sheathing, the inner one subovate
shorter. Capsule oblong, not longer than beak; teeth none or
rudimentary; annulus not revoluble. Resembles W. tenuis in
size. — Calcareous rocks r. Amer. Can. Owen Sound: Macoun.

bb. Leaves acute; the lower oval very small, the upper
very much longer (about 4 m. m.); costa subexcurrent. Annu-
lus of capsule not found.
29.W.linealifolia Kindb. — Gyroweisia Kindb. revue bryol.
1892 and Nuovo giorn. bot. ital. 1893.

Upper leaves somewhat broader at base, crenulate-papillose
all around; costa subexcurrent. Perichetial leaves from broader
base abruptly tapering to a sublinear by costa nearly filled
acumen. Capsule oblong-cylindric; teeth none; lid long-rostrate;
pedicel pale finally reddish. Stem with shoots at base as in
W. tenuis. — Calcareous rocks r. Hur. Switzerl. in a cavern
near Lugano!

119. Syrrhopodon Schwegrichen.
1.8.texanus Sullivant icon. muscorum.

Leaves hyaline-limbate and serrulate nearly all around, subli-
near acute or obtuse; nearly all basal cells large hyaline, the
others very small opake; costa with 2 serrate lamelle near
apex. Calyptra scabrous. Peristomial teeth with 2 or 3 arti-
culations. Tufts dark green or blackish. -— Amer. r. U. S.
south. st.: Sawyer, com. Cardot.
2.S.crispus Austin. — Calymperes Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves hyaline-limbate in lower part, papillose-crenulate
above, narrowly panduriform or lingulate, obtuse; basal cells
larger, the upper very small. Tufts compact yellowish green,
brown inside. — Amer. r. U. S. Florida»: Lesq. et Jam.

ee) ee

3.8.floridanus Sullivant icon. muse,

Leaves not limbate, entire at the lower part of sheath, pa-
pillose-crenulate in its upper part, narrowly ovate-lanceolate,
tapering to the subobtuse apex; upper lamina furnished with
2 serrate lamelle at each border; the most cells small dusky,
only the lower basal large hyaline; costa papillose, not serrate,
at back. Calyptra smooth. Peristomial teeth with 5—6 arti-
culations. Pedicel of capsule shorter than in the last. Tufts
brown-green. — Decayed logs r. Amer. x. U. S. south. st.: Fitz-
gerald, com. Renauld.

120. Dialytrichia (Schimper as subgenus) Limpricht.
1.D.Brebissoni Bridel. -——- Barbula Brid.; Dialytrichia Limpr.;
Cinclidotus Husnot; Tortula mucronata Lindb.

Leaves broad somewhat long sublinear or sublingulate round-
obtusé carinate with thickened borders above the hyaline slightly
reflexed base; upper cells papillose subquadrate, the basal rect-
angular hyaline or faintly colored; costa thick short-excurrent.
Capsule suboblong; lid rostellate much shorter; teeth short
reddish papillose scarcely once contorted; basal tube short; pe-
dicel yellowish red. Stem branched 2—5 c. m. high us. erect. Tufts
large dark green or dirty brownish. Habit of Cinclidotus riparius.
— Base of trees near rivers or stones in rivulets r. Eur. Italy!
France: Husnot. Belgium: Roemer. Spain: Bolos, com. Venturi.
2.D.cancellata C. M. — Barbula C. M.; Dialytrichia Kindb.

Differs from the last: »Leaves yellowish green; stem nearly
simple. Capsule cylindric; lid scarcely shorter; teeth smooth;
calyptra very rough. — Amer. r, U. 8. Texas: Boll»: C. M.
in Flora 1873.

121. Cinclidotus Beauvois.

A. Leaves narrow long sublinear or nearly subulate, falcate
when moist.
1.C.aquaticus Jacquin. — Hypnum Jacq.; Cinclidotus Br: eur.

Leaves crowded entire channelled narrowed from base, faintly
curved when dry; nearly all inner cells subquadrate faintly
pellucid, the marginal short-rectangular; costa thick sublinear
excurrent to a thick smooth point, occupying about '/, of Ja-
mina at base. Capsule oblong brown; lid subconic often nearly
as long; teeth brittle partly loosed with difficulty; pedicel short-
exserted. Tufts brown or dark green. Stem naked below
and much branching, often very long to 50 ce. m. — Rivulets.
Eur, southern distr. somewhat r. Switzerl.|, Schimper. Austria:
Venturi. Italy: Arcangeli. Germany: Kolb,

— 292 —

2.C.faleatus Kindb. revue bryol. 1887.

Differs from the last: Leaves less crowded and dark green,
distinctly falcate also when dry; cells opake very chlorophyllose;
costa broader and gradually narrowed, occupying at least 1/,
of lamina at base, much narrower at apex and gen. not ex:
current. Stem not naked below, divided in long branches.
Capsules unknown. — Springs r. Eur. Greece: Heldreich.

B. Leaves broad obtusate or broadly acuminate, patent
when moist; lower cells short rectangular.
3.C.riparius Host- — Gymnostomum Host; Cinclidutus Arnott.

Leaves concave entire sublinear-oblong or sublingulate gen.
obtusate obtuse; upper cells smooth. Capsule oblong; teeth
yellowish rudimentary; pedicel short-exserted. Stem 2—8 c. m.
long sparingly branching often erect. Tufts blackish. — Stones
prince. in rivers, r. Hur. Germany: Holler. France: Guépin,
com. Husnot. Sweden: P. Olsson. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell.
4.C.fontinaloides Hedwig. — Trichostomum H.; Cinclidotus
Beauvois.

Leaves carinate sometimes denticulate at apex, ovate-oblong
or broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate gen. acute; upper cells
sometimes faintly papillose. Capsule oval nearly immersed;
teeth reddish. Stems fasciculate often to 10—15 c. m. long
with numerous short branchlets. Tufts olivaceous or brown.
— Stones in springs and riyulets Eur. not r. in lower warmer
districts, r. in alps. Sweden, Switzerl., Italy! Amer. r. »Can.:
Macoun»: Lesq. et Jam.

Fam. 25. Calymperacea.

122 Calymperes Swartz.
1.C.Richardi C. Mueller.

»Leaves yellow-limbate at least in lower part, suboblong ob-
tuse; costa not excurrent. Calyptra slightly scabrous. Tufts
loose»: C. M. — Trees r. Amer. »U. 8. Florida»: Lq. et Jam.
2.C.disciforme C. Mueller.

»Leaves yellow-limbate suboblong; costa excurrent. Calyptra
very scabrous. Tufts pulvinate. Barren branches with short
crowded leaves»: C. M. — Amer. r. »U. 5. Florida»: Lq. et Jam.

Fam. 26 Encalyptacee.

123. Enealypta Schreber.
A. Peristome double. Pedicel red.
I. Streptotheca. Capsule finally twisted, r. distinctly necked,

a ee

more or less ribbed; teeth red; endostome yellow; calyptra very
long, fringed below. Leaves limbate cucullate lingulate.

Il. Diplolepis. Capsule necked, neither twisted nor sulcate;
endostome rudimentary adhering to teeth; calyptra us. fringed
when young. Leaves not limbate.

B. Peristome simple or wanting. Monoecious.

a. Leaves not recurved. Capsule without distinct defluent
neck; pedicel red.

III. Rhabdotheea. Capsule greenish or pale yellowish, sul-
cate when dry, often red-ribbed; peristome often present; ca-
lyptra not long, r. fringed. Leaves often limbate.

1V. Pyromitrium. Capsule pale brown not sulcate; peri-
stome none; calyptra long, often fringed when young. Leaves
limbate.

b. Capsule more or less distinctly necked; pedicel yellow
in younger state. Leaves recurved.

V. Xanthopus. Capsule reddish r. sulcate, not ribbed; peri-
stome us. present. Leaves not distinctly limbate.

I. Streptotheca Kindb.
A. Capsule very much twisted also when unripe. Leaves
obtusate obtuse; costa hispid above at back, not excurrent.
Spores about 0,01 m. m.
1.E.contorta Wulfen. — Bryum Wulf.; Encalypta Lindb.; E.
streptocarpa Hedwig.

Outer perichetial leaves from broad hase abruptly tapering
to a long sublinear obtuse acumen; the inner shorter with short
acute acumen. Pedicel faintly rough. Calyptra hispid at beak.
Sterile stems often with propagula. Dioecious r. fruiting. —
Rocks prince. caleareous. Hur. not uncommon. Sweden, Nor-
way, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.E.cucullata C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Perichetial leaves gradually long-acuminate acute with long
hairpoint. Pedicel smooth. Calyptra hispid on the whole
surface. Stem without propagula. Monoecious. — Crevices of
alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Capsule faintly twisted, straight when unripe; pedicel
smooth; calyptra hispid at beak. Upper leaves acute; costa
smooth often excurrent. Spores 0,02 m. m. Monoecious.
3.E.procera Bruch.

Upper leaves gen. acute, sometimes with hairpoint; the peri-
chetial subovate short-acuminate us. with hairpoint. Capsule
without distinct neck; teeth us. shorter than endostome. —

— 294 -—

Schistose rocks in alp. region r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Drummond 48.
4.E.Selwyni Austin.

Leaves more recuryed than in the last; the upper and peri-
chetial Jonger-acuminate with long hairpoint. Capsule some-
times with distinct neck and more twisted; endostome less
papillose, as long as teeth. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif.
distr: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

Il. Diplolepis Kindb.
. A. Capsule not or scarcely longer than neck.
5.E.longicolla Bruch; Husnot m. Gall.

Leaves long narrow sublinear-lingulate obtuse or acute, con-
cave not recurved; costa excurrent to a short yellowish point.
Perichetial leaves long, the inner not smaller, with long whitish
hairpoint. Capsule brown with red neck; teeth purplish. Spores
0,05—0,09 m. m. Calyptra long fringed nearly glabrous. —
Calcareous soil in alp. region r. Eur. »Austria, Switzerl., Ger-
many»: Schimper.

B. Capsule much longer than neck.

a. Leaves long narrow sublinear-lingulate; the perichetial
ovate-oblong. Calyptra long hispid fringed when young.
6.E.affinis Hedwig fil.; Lindb. — E. apophysata Esenbeck et
Hornschuch.

Leaves more or less acuminate often acute, not or indistinctly
recurved; costa short-excurrent not piliform at apex. Capsule
brownish; teeth pale red. Spores about 0,02 m. m. — Alp.
rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.| Sweden: Aongstroeem, Austria: Breidler.
7.E.longipes »Mitten»: C. M. in herb, — »E. Macounii»: Britton.

Leaves gen. obtusate, distinctly recurved nearly all around;
costa not excurrent. Capsule reddish brown; teeth brown-yellow.
Spores about 0,08 m. m. — Clay banks in alp. region r.
Amer, Can. Rocky mts 2250 metr. a. sea: Macoun; Drummond
50 c, com. C. Mueller.

b.. Leaves somewhat broad and not long, oblong-lingulate
or shorter; the perichetial us. subovate r. suboblong.

aa. Leaves distinctly recurved nearly all around; costa not
excurrent without hairpoint.
8.E.leiocarpa Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves oblong-lingulate obtuse. Capsule brownish; teeth
brown-yellow; calyptra faintly rough, not fringed. Spores about
0,02 m. m. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1800—
1850 metr. a. sea: Macoun.

— 295 —

bb. Leaves not or indistinctly recurved; costa long-excurrent
with hairpoint.
9.E.brevicolla Bruch.

Leaves oblong-lingulate acute sometimes slightly recurved,
often serrate at apex, very concave; hairpoint whitish. Capsule
red; neck distinct; teeth whitish; calyptra short glabrous fringed
when young. Spores about 0,08 m. m. — Schistose rocks in
alp. regions in northern districts r. Hur. Norway! Sweden:
E. Adlerz.
10.E.subbrevicolla Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves oblong-lingulate obtusate undulate not recurved, en-
tire gen. obtuse; hairpoint whitish. Perichetial leaves suboblong
acuminate. Capsule brownish with very short neck; teeth
whitish when moist, pale reddish when dry; calyptra somewhat
long with hispid beak, fringed when young. — Amer. r. Can.
northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.
11.E.labradorica Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves subovate obtuse or subacute entire not recurved; hair-
point whitish or at base yellowish. Capsule brownish with
distinct neck; teeth brown-yellow; calyptra short faintly rough
not fringed. --- Amer. r. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.

II. Rhabdotheca C. Mueller.

A. Leaves not distinctly limbate.
12.K.exstinetoria Swartz. — Mnium Sw. 1781; Encalypta Sw.
1799; Leersia vulgaris Hedwig 1787; Encalypta Hoffm. 1795.

Leaves short subspathulate us. obtuse sometimes apiculate;
costa not or r. excurrent with short hairpoint, us. without
hairpoint. Capsule red-mouthed not ribbed, finally sulcate
when dry; teeth wanting or rudimentary; pedicel elongate.
Calyptra pale yellow not fringed, more or less hispid. Spores
about 0,03 m. m. Tufts green low, radiculose only at base.
— Clay or sand on walls and rocks. Hur. common at least
below alps. Sweden! Italy: Arcangeli. Greece: Heldreich.
Amer. ry. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

*E.tenella Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 65.

Leaves shorter, suboval gen. arrounded at apex sometimes
with long hairpoint. Capsule small; teeth wanting; pedicel not
much emergent. Calyptra whitish nearly smooth very small.
Plants very small. — Amer. r. U. S. Montana: Roell.

B. Leaves limbate below.

a. Tufts dense very radiculose, brown below, often high.

— 296 —

13.E.rhabdocarpa Schwegrichen.

Leaves suboblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusate us. subacute;
costa often excurrent sometimes piliferous. Capsule us, red-
ribbed and oblong-cylindric; teeth orange or purplish. Calyptra
short hispid not fringed. Spores 0,04—0,05 m. m. — Cal-
careous and schistose rocks. ur. common in alps. Sweden
(also below alps), Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can. not r.: Macoun.
*E.leiomitra Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Capsule short suboblong; teeth nearly blunt; calyptra glabrous.
Leaves short-lingulate; costa subpercurrent. Tufts low. —
Amer. yr. Can.: J. M. Macoun.

*E.leptodon Bruch. — Leersia rhabdocarpa *leucodontea Kindb.
Laubm. Schwed. u. Norw.

Capsule less distinctly ribbed: teeth whitish often rudimen-
tary or wanting. Leaves suboblong; costa not excurrent without
hairpoint. —- Rocks. Eur. not common, Norway! Sweden; M.
Huss. Switzerl.: Roell.

b. Tufts less dense, radiculose only at base, green and not
high. Costa of upper leaves long-excurrent with hairpoint.
14.E.spathulata C. Mueller.

Leaves oblong-spathulate us. obtuse. Peristome none. Ca-
lyptra fringed nearly glabrous. Capsule more or Jess sulcate.
Spores 0,03—0,04 m. m. — Stones and walls r. Eur. Sweden!
Austria Transsilvania: Barth, com. C. Mueller.
15.E.subspathulata C. M. et Kindb. 1. ec.

Leaves spathulate-lingulate obtuse. Capsule not ribbed, faintly
sulcate when dry; teeth pale high or partly incomplete and
membranose. Calyptra hispid above, not fringed. Spores 0,04
—0,05 m. m. Tufts low not dense. — Earth r. Amer. Can,
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

IV. Pyromitrium Wallroth.
16.E.alpina Smith 1805. — E commutata Esenbeck et Horn-
schuch 1827.

Leaves deeply impressed at both sides above the short erect
nearly sheathing base, sublingulate acute more or less attenuate;
costa often excurrent. Perichetial leaves us. piliferous. Calyptra
brownish glabrous. Spores 0,03—0,04 m. m. Tufts tomentose
often high and brown. — Alp. rocks. Eur. common in northern
districts, otherwhere r. Norway! Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts:
Drummond 49.

V. Xanthopus Kindb.

A. Capsule not sulcate.

— 297 —

17.E.ciliata Hedwig. — Leersia H.; Encalypta Hoffmann.
Leaves lingulate subacute not long; costa nearly smooth at
back, often excurrent to a yellowish point. Capsule with short
less distinct neck and pale mouth; teeth orange erect when
moist, appressed to mouth when dry, faintly papillose and us.
brittle. Calyptra fringed also when old, us. glabrous r. rough
at beak. Spores about 0,03 m. m. — Earth and stones also
in alps. Hur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
»Greenl.»: Berggren.
*E.microstoma Balsamo et Notaris.
»Capsule with narrow mouth and distinct neck; teeth irre-

gular us. wanting. — Earth in alpsr. Eur. Austria; Switzerl.»:
Limpricht.
18.E.Macounii »Austin»>: Macoun. —- Leersia borealis Kindb.

Laubm. Schwed. u. N.

Leaves gen. narrowly lingulate; costa longer-excurrent than
in the last. Capsule with distinct often somewhat long neck
and brown mouth; teeth brown-red or red, erect when dry,
appressed to mouth when woist, distinctly papillose and not
brittle. Calyptra as in the last. Spores about 0,04 m. m. —
Rocks. Hur. in alp. regions not common. Norway! Switzerl.:
Husnot m. Gall.; H. Forssell. Amer. Can. not 1: J. Macoun
(also original specimen determined by Austin). Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Capsule distinctly sulcate when dry.
19.E.alaskana Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves short subobovate subobtuse; costa nearly smooth,
scarcely excurrent. Capsule with very short neck and brown
mouth; teeth as in the last. Spores about 0,02 m.m. Calyptra

not seen. — Arctic district r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
124. Mereceya Schimper.
1.M.ligulata Spruce. — Encalypta Spruce; Merceya Schimp.

Leaves lanceolate-lingulate cucullate arrounded at apex, re-
flexed below but not limbate, not or indistinctly papillose;
upper cells small round-quadrate, the basal rectangular; costa
not excurrent. Capsule oblong; teeth none; pedicel long. Stem
simple or bifurcate. Tufts dense, brownish below, yellow-green
at the tips, 2—4 c. m. high. — Wet rocks r. Hur. France:
Renauld; Jeanbernat. Austria: Breidler.
2.M.latifolia Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves broadly spathulate-lingulate obtusate obtuse or sub-
acute, slightly reflexed near base, broadly limbate by orange-

20

— 298 —

colored larger cells, smooth; other cells as in the last; costa
percurrent or scarcely excurrent. Capsules unknown. Stem
divided. Tufts dense, brown-ferruginous below, green at the
tips, about 3 c. m. high. Habit of Barbula ruralis. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Vane. isl. »U. 8. Calif.»
C. M. herb.

Fam. 27. Orthotrichacee.

125. Orthotrichum Hedwig.

A. Stomata of capsule superficial.

a. Leaves partly or wholly involute, not carinate. Dioe-
cious.

I. Coelophyllum. Leaves short concave obtuse; cells gen.
short. Capsule immersed sulcate strangulate when dry; calyp-
tra scabrous; teeth reflexed when dry, broader than the cilia.

b. Leaves gen. carinate and recurved nearly all around,
not crisped. Monoecious or (0. exiguum) dioecious.

II. Dorcadion. Capsule r. strangulate; calyptra us. hairy.
aa. Capsule narrow subcylindric not distinctly constricted,
us, exserted.

1. Speciosa. Capsule nearly smooth at least when young;
cilia narrow; teeth us. opake and connate in pairs. Leaves
carinate gen. long.

bb. Capsule thick oval-oblong strangulate and sulcate, us.
immersed; cilia narrow.

2. <Aretica. Leaves short often subcanaliculate, us. obtuse.

3, Affinia. Leaves long carinate us. acute.

cc. Capsule thick suboval not strangulate.

4. Rupestria. Capsule immersed or emergent, more or
less sulcate; teeth erect or patent when dry, joined in pairs
but us. subpartite; cilia narrow. Leaves long carinate.

5. Leiocarpa. Capsule wholly or partly immersed, not
sulcate; cilia very broad; teeth not connate. Leaves sometimes
short and nearly flat at borders.

c. Leaves faintly or not carinate, partly recurved or wholly
flat at borders, us. long and crisped. Sometimes dioecious.
Ill. Lyellina. Capsule us. immersed; cilia somewhat broad.
Leaves not or faintly crisped; alar cells not hyaline. Dioecious,
often (in Europe) with propagula when sterile.

IV. Ulota. Capsule exserted; cilia narrow. Leaves more or
less distinctly crisped; alar cells mostly pluriseriate and hyaline.
Tufts us. pulvinate. Monoecious.

— 299 —

V. Pseud-Ulota. Capsule exserted; cilia narrow. Leaves
strongly crisped; hyaline alar cells uniseriate or indistinct.
Tufts pulvinate. Dioecious very r. fruiting, often with propa-
gula when sterile.

B. Stomata of capsule immersed.

VI. Calyptoporus. Capsule often strangulate; cilia us. sub-
filiform. Leaves more or less recurved, gen. not crisped. Mon-
oecious.

a. Leaves partly flat at borders. Plants gen. small.

1. Psilocarpa. Capsule immersed thick neither sulcate nor
strangulate. Leaves not crisped.

2. Microcarpa. Capsule immersed thick sulcate us. stran-
gulate. Leaves not crisped.

3. Pulchella. Capsule narrow subcylindric sulcate not di-
stinctly strangulate, us. exserted. Leaves more or less crisped.

b. Leaves recurved nearly all around, not crisped. Capsule
sulcate.

aa. Leaves with hyaline hairpoint.

4. Diaphana. Capsule immersed not strangulate. Plants small.

bb. Leaves without hairpoint.

5. Rivularia. Capsule immersed, Leaves channelled short
broadly obtuse; cells large thin-walled, the upper polygonal;
costa abbreviate. Plants gen. large, growing in or near water,
r. fruiting.

6. Cupulata. Leaves carinate long gen. acuminate acute; —
upper cells small rotundate thick-walled; costa gen. percurrent.
Capsule sometimes not strangulate; teeth not appressed to it.
Plants often large, growing on rocks or less often on trees.

7. Pumila. Leaves more or less distinctly carinate often
obtuse; upper cells small rotundate thick-walled; costa gen.
percurrent. Capsule us. strangulate; teeth appressed to it when
dry. Plants small us. pulvinate, growing on trees or less often
on rocks.

I. Coelophylum Kindb.

A. Capsule with nearly as long neck; teeth orange.
1.0.obtusifolium Schrader.

Leaves ovate-oblong obtusate not involute at apex, also the
perichetial; costa pellucid not percurrent. — Trees and roofs.
Eur, common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. not common.
Can.: Macoun.
2.0.inflexum C. Mueller syn. — »O. brachytrichum Schim-
per»: Lesq. et Jam. ?

— 800 —

Leaves narrower than in the last and less obtusate or sub-
acute subinvolute nearly all around; cells larger; costa shorter,
sometimes ceasing far below apex. — Trees r. Amer. Can.:
Macoun. :

B. Capsule with short neck; teeth wanting.
3.0.gymnostomum Bruch.

Leaves subovate-oval obtusate obtuse involute all around;
costa subpercurrent brown opake. Perichetial leaves narrower
sometimes acute. — Trees prince. Populus tremula yr. Eur.
Sweden not uncommon, Norway! Amer. Can.: Waghorne.

II. Dorcadion Adanson; Lindberg.
1. Speciosa.

A. Capsule short-emergent; pedicel very short; teeth free
or slightly connate at base.
4.0.Bolenderi Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate short-acuminate subacute, faintly re-
curved below, flat above, faintly papillose, appressed when dry,
falcate when moistened. Capsule short-necked, smooth when
young finally sulcate; teeth yellowish appressed when dry;
calyptra hairy. Tufts about 3 ¢. m. high. — Rocks r. Amer.
»U. S.»: Sullivant.
5.0.psilothecium C. M. et Kindb. 1. ec.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter often obtuse or obtusate,
recurved nearly all around, less papillose, not appressed when
-dry. Peristomial teeth not connate. Calyptra finally glabrous.
Tufts 1—2 c. m. high. Capsule greenish as in O. affine. —
Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U.S. Oregon: Roell.

B. Capsule exserted gen. long-emergent; teeth connate in
pairs.

a. Capsule arrounded below, not defluent to the short neck.
6.0.levigatum Zetterstedt. — O. rhabdophorum Venturi ?

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate short-acuminate not subulate.
Capsule brown us. wholly smooth; pedicel longer. Tufts dark
green or blackish not high. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway:
J. E. Zetterstedt; I. Hagen. — Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

b. Capsule defluent to the long neck.

aa. Capsule not or very faintly sulcate when old.
7.0.Kingii Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves as in the last but nearly appressed when dry. Capsule
longer or shorter than pedicel; teeth whitish erect when dry;
calyptra hairy. Tufts as in the last, 1—2c. m. high. -— Rocksr.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. 8.: Hendersun, com. Cardot.

— 3801 —

bb. Capsule us. distinctly sulcate when old.
8.0.speciosum Esenbeck.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate or r. subobtuse at
apex, not or r, appressed when dry, falcate when moistened.
Capsule pale brown when ripe; teeth whitish or pale yellow,
us. appressed to it when dry; cilia not sinuous; pedicel shorter
than capsule; calyptra hairy. Tufts us. pale or yellowish green;
stem us. long. — On trees or less often on stones. Eur. com-
mon, but r. in alp. regions. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

*@Q.elegans Schweegrichen.

Capsule pale or greenish; teeth pale yellow; calyptra nearly
glabrous. Tufts 1—2 ¢. m. high. — Hur. ry. »Finl.»: Lind-
berg. Amer. »U. S.»: Cardot. (Asia, Sibirias H. W. Arnell).
9.0.Roellii Venturi.

Differs from O. speciosum: Capsule longer exserted shorter
than pedicel; teeth pale yellow erect when dry. — Rocks r.
Amer. U. S.: J. Roell.

*@Q.stenocarpum Venturi. — O. lonchothecium C. M. et Kindb.

Capsule less distinctly sulcate; teeth often smooth. Leaves
dark green nearly appressed when dry. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can.; Macoun. U. 8.: Roell.

*O.Schlotthaueri Venturi.

Capsule longer than pedicel; teeth sometimes appressed when
dry. — Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Roell.
10.0.Killiasii C. Mueller.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate shorter and shorter-subulate than in
O. speciosum, appressed when dry, not falcate when moist.
Capsule faintly sulcate; teeth yellowish erect when dry; cilia
sinuous; pedicel shorter than capsule; calyptra finally glabrous.
Tufts brown 1--3 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. U. S.: Roell.

2. Arctica.
11.0.Pylaisii Bridel; C. M. syn. — O. Breutelii Hampe; O.
Blyttii Schimper.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate more or less
obtuse, narrowly or slightly reflexed, faintly open when moi-
stened; cells gen. short. Capsule suboval; teeth not or faintly
perforate; cilia short or rudimentary; calyptra hairy.

Leaves short us. faintly papillose; costa subpercurrent. Cap-
sule exserted distinctly sulcate; teeth opake; pedicel long. Tufts
olive-green or brown. — Rocks near sea in northern prince.

— 302 —

arctic distr. r. Hur. Norway: E. Nyman; I. Hagen. Spetsber-
gen: Berggren. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Waghorne.
*@Q.brevinerve Lindberg.

»Leaves nearly smooth; costa abbreviate. Tufts brown. —
Eur. r. Finl.»: Lindb. musci scandin.

*0.Sommerfeltii Schimper.

Leaves longer nearly smooth; costa subpercurrent. Tufts green
or yellowish green. — Hur. r. Norway: W. Baur; Arnell.
*@Q.microblephare Schimper.

»Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate distinctly papillose; costa sub-
percurrent. Capsule faintly sulcate; teeth smooth above; pedicel
short. Tufts blackish. — Zur. r. Finl.»: Lindb. 1. c.
*@Q.arcticum Schimper.

Leaves as in the last. Capsule faintly sulcate not wholly
exserted; teeth opake; pedicel short. Tufts blackish or dark
green. — Eur. r. Norway: Zetterstedt; W. Baur. Russia: Bro-
therus.

*Q.groenlandicum Berggren.

» Differs in peristomial teeth separated not connate in pairs.
Amer. r. Greenl.»: Berggren.
12.0.sordidum Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. icon. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate gen. acute
sometimes short-acuminate, faintly papillose and broadly recur-
ved, open when moistened; inner basal cells narrow. Capsule
broad-oval or subpiriform immersed or nearly exserted; teeth
opake perforate above; cilia long; calyptra sparingly hairy; pe-
dicel very short. Tufts dusky green about 1 c. m. high. —
Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

8. Affinia.
13.0.affine Schrader.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate us. subulate-acuminate and very pa-
pillose. Capsule oblong yellowish green defluent to the long
neck; teeth pale perforate (fenestrate) above, finally appressed;
pedicel very short; calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts green us.
2—3 co m. high. — On trees r. on stones. Hur. common.
Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* 0.fastigiatum Bruch. — O. neglectum and O. appendiculatum
Schimp.

Leaves shorter-acuminate less papillose. Capsule suboval;
calyptra nearly glabrous. Tufts us. pulvinate and about 1c. m.
high. Habit of O. pumilum. — Trees. Hur. not uncommon,
Sweden, Switzerl.! Germany: Warnstorf.

— 803 —

* Q.acuminatum Philibert.

Capsule more abruptly narrowed below, sometimes suboval;
teeth rudimentary. — Trees r. Eur. France: Philibert. Italy:
Venturi.

*@Q.premorsum Venturi.

Leaves less papillose. Capsule oval; teeth often rudimentary,
deflexed when evolute; calyptra hairy. Stem 2—8 c. m. high.
Rocks r. Amer. U. S.: Roell.

4. Rupestria.
14.0.rupestre Schleicher.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate often rigid, us. faintly papillose and
not subulate-acuminate. Capsule brown gradually narrowed
below, us. immersed; pedicel us. shorter; teeth yellowish. Tufts
us. brown or blackish and not high. — Us, growing on rocks.
Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* Q.Franzonii Notaris.

Tufts green. Leaves less rigid. — On trees and rocks r.
Eur. Switzerl.|
* 0.Sturmii Hornschuch.

Leaves longer acuminate subcanaliculate. Capsule arrounded
below; teeth paler. Tufts us. blackish. — Rocks not common.
Eur, Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer, Can.:
Macoun.
15.0.texanum Sullivant icon. muscor.

Differs from O. rupestre *Sturmii: Leaves distinctly carinate
and less rigid, sometimes nearly subulate; basal cells orange.
Peristomial teeth dark yellow or orange. Tufts us. brown-green.
Stem often very long. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.:
Macoun.
16.0.Douglasii Duby; Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves ovate lanceolate long-acuminate subsubulate very pa-
pillose not rigid. Capsule pale brown nearly exserted, arroun-
ded below, nearly smooth when young; teeth erect whitish or
pale; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts yellowish green; stem often
long. — Alp. rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can. Brit. Col.: Ma-
coun. U. 8.: Roell.

5. Leiocarpa-
17.0.leiocarpum Br. eur. — O. striatum (Hedw.) Bridel.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate carinate us. long.
Capsule brown-yellow suboval or oval-oblong quite smooth;
neck not distinct; teeth opake finally appressed, orange in

— 3804 —

younger state; cilia yellowish narrower; calyptra not densely
hairy. Tufts green or yellowish green 2—4 c, m. high. -—
On trees r. on rocks. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.!
Amer. y. Can.: Drummond 154.

*@.Shawii Wilson.

Capsule yellowish; teeth pale; cilia unknown. Leaves with
shorter costa. Tufts dark green 1—2 c. m. high. — On trees r.
Eur. Switzerl.! France: Philibert.
18.0.exiguum Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves small short gen. ovate-oblong, sometimes broadly ovate-
lanceolate or sublinear, obtusate or short-acuminate gen. obtuse,
often nearly wholly flat or slightly reflexed at borders; cells
gen. short; costa subpercurrent or shorter. Capsule oval faintly
striate when old; neck none or indistinct; cilia whitish broader
than teeth; calyptra nearly glabrous; stomata ? Tufts small
green about 0,4 c. m. high. Dioecious. — Base of trees r.
Amer. U. 8. Nat. Park: Roell.

III. Lyellina Kindb.

A. Capsule immersed; pedicel indistinct. Leaves nearly
appressed when dry not flexucus, with numerous propagula.
19.0.Lyellii Hooker et Taylor.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate subulate-acuminate nearly
flat at borders. Capsule suboblong pale brown; cilia reddish;
calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts dark green not high. Often
sterile. — On trees. ur. not r. below alp. regions. Sweden,
Germany, Switzerl.! Greece: Orphanides. (Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq.
et Jam.)

B. Capsule more or less emergent; pedicel distinct. Leaves
without propagula, the upper us. flexuous or crisped.
20.0.papillosum Hampe. — O. Pringlei C. M.

Leaves as in the last but longer and recurved at least at
one side to the greater part, more papillose also below. Cap-
sule longer, subcylindric brown and partly emergent. Stem us.
higher. Tufts us. yellowish or bright green. — Trees and rocks.
Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S. Calif.: Mrs L. C. Feely.
*Q.strictum Venturi.

Leaves dark green shorter, appressed when dry. — Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun.
21.0.lyellioides Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves long as in O. papillosum, nearly flat or undulate at
borders, faintly papillose, not appressed when dry; the upper
crisped. Capsule narrow-cylindric pale brown nearly wholly

— 305 —

exserted; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts dark green, blackish
below, somewhat high. — Trees and rocks r. Amer. Can. ‘Vance.
isl.: Macoun.

IV. Ulota Mohr.

A. Leaves not or indistinctly crisped; hyaline alar cells gen.
uniseriate or indistinct.

a. Leaves longish not twistcd; nearly all cells short.
22.0.americanum Beauvois. — Ulota Hutchinsie (Smith)
Hammar.

Leaves more or less recurved princ. at base, broadly ovate-
lanceolate gen. subobtuse at apex. Capsule thick piriform; ca-
lyptra densely hairy. Tufts green or blackish. —- On rocks or
r. on trees. Hur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.
23.0.subulatum C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota C. M. et K. lc.

Leaves not recurved, ovate-lanceolate subulate-filiform at apex,
nearly appressed when dry. Capsule small narrow-clavate.
Tufts dark green or blackish. — Trees r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.:
Macoun.

b. Leaves short faintly twisted when dry; basal cells long.
24.0.Barelayi Mitten. — Ulota Mitt.; Sulliv. icon. m.; Ortho-
trichum Kindb.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong subacute, not or faintly recurved
below, flat to the greater part. Capsule subobovate thicker
than in O. americanum; calyptra sparingly hairy. Tufts brown-
green. — In alp. prince. arctic districts r. Amer. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

B. Leaves long very crisped; hyaline alar cells gen. indi-
stinct.
25.0.megalosperum Venturi. — Ulota Vent.; Orthotrichum
Kindb.; Ulota subulifolia C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves recurved at base, subulate-piliform at apex; upper
cells rotundate, the basal long. Capsule small short-obovate
sulcate finally subcylindric; pedicel long thin; calyptra nearly
glabrous. Stem often creeping. — Trees r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can.: Macoun. U. §,: Roell.

C. Leaves more or less crisped; hyaline alar cells in several
rows.

a. Capsule gen. not wholly exserted; pedicel short. Leaves
long distinctly papillose nearly opake; nearly all cells short.
26.0.couneetens Kindb. in Ottawa Natur. IV, 64. — Ulota
camptopoda Kindb. cat. Canad. m,

— 806 —

Leaves recurved below, often subulate at apex, very crisped;
alar cells in straight transverse rows. Capsule small obovate not
constricted; pedicel often curved or geniculate in younger state.
— Trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule long-exserted; pedicel long. Inner basal leaf-
cells long

aa. Leaves not long with long cylindric papille, faintly
crisped; alar cells short-rectangular. Calyptra densely hairy.
27.0.curvifolium Wahlenberg. — Ulota Bridel.

Leaves obtusate acute or subobtuse, nearly flat at least at
base, not or slightly crisped when dry, open-erect straight when
moist. Capsule obovate sulcate in its whole length, finally
subcylindric; neck short; teeth finally deflexed. Tufts blackish
below. — Rocks prince. in northern districts gen. r. Hur. Swe-
den and Norway, less r. in alps! Amer. Can.: Macoun; Wag-
horne.
28.0.seabridum Kindb. — Ulota Kindb. cat. Canad. m.; U.
americana Mitten ?

Leaves obtusate or broadly acuminate subobtuse, recurved
below to middle, distinctly crisped when dry, faleate when
moist. Capsule obovate or suboblong sulcate in upper half
when young, finally subcylindric; neck somewhat long; teeth
erect. Tufts green or brown, dark brown below.. — Rocks r.
Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves long with short papille, nearly smooth at least
at borders, us. not strongly crisped (at least the elder); alar
cells subquadrate. Calyptra densely hairy. Stem us. decum-
bent. Peristome not appressed; cilia very short, us. wanting.
29 O.Ludwigii Bridel. — O. coarctatum Beauvois.

Capsule thick piriform with short stripes near the small
mouth; teeth erect. — On trees gen. r. Eur. Sweden, Norway!
France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne; Drummond 146.
30.0.Drummondii Hooker et Greville. — Ulota Bridel.

Capsule narrowly piriform attenuate to mouth, striped to
neck; teeth patent when dry. — Trees in northern distr. r. Hur.
Sweden, Norway! Scotl.: Hunt, com. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Wag-
horne.

ce. Leaves long with short papille, not recurved at base,
strongly crisped. Peristome with long cilia. Stem erect. Cap-
sule us. finally subcylindric.
31.0.calvescens Wilson. — Ulota Wils.; Orthotrichum Kindb.

Leaves us. subulate at apex; upper cells rotundate, the outer

— 807 —

basal long-rectangular (often to middle of leaf) in straight rows.
Capsule not deeply sulcate, not strangulate; pedicel thin very
long; calyptra sparingly hairy. — Trees r. Hur. Irel.: Stewart
and Holt.

32.0.Bruchii Hornschuch. — Ulota Hsch.; Orthotrichum Wilson.

Leaves us. subulate at apex; upper cells rotundate, the outer
basal short-rectangular in straight rows. Capsule deeply sul-
cate; calyptra densely hairy. — On trees or very r. on stones.
Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun.
33.0.obtusiusculum C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota C. M. et K.1.c.

Differs from the last: Leaves more or less obtuse at apex;
upper and middle cells oval-oblong. Capsule narrower; pedicel
longer and thinner. — Trees r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and
Vane. isl.: Macoun.
34.0.ulophyllum Ehrhart. —- Bryum striatum var. ulophyllum
Ebrh. 1780; Weisia ulophylla Ehrh. 1787; Orthotrichum Kindb.;
O. crispum Hedwig 1788; Ulota Brid. 1819.

Differs from O. Bruchii: Outer leaf-cells rhombic-quadrate in
oblique rows. Capsule shorter, us. strangulate. — On trees.
Eur. not uncommon. France! Sweden: Zetterstedt. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

*@Q.crispulum Bruch. — Ulota Bruch; Qrthotrichum Br. eur.

Capsule not strangulate, oval or round-oval not defluent to
neck. — Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, France! Amer.
Can. not r.: Macoun; Waghorne.

* Q.intermedium Schimper. — Ulota Sch.; Orthotrichum Kindb.

Capsule not or faintly constricted, finally subcylindric, suboval-
oblong when young. — Sometimes on rocks, gen. r. Hur.
Norway! Sweden: P. Olsson. Austria: Breidler. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. Miquelon isl.: Delamare, com. Cardot.
35.0.Rehmanni Juratzka. — Ulota Jur; Orthotrichum Kindb.

Differs from O. ulophyllum *crispulum: Teaves less crisped;
alar cells quadrate. Calyptra nearly glabrous. — Trees r.
Austria: Breidler, com. C. Mueller.

V. Pseud-Ulota Kindb.
36.0.jutlandicum Bridel. — Ulota phyllantha Brid. in part.

Leaves sublinear above middle, short-acuminate often sub-
obtuse, nearly flat at borders, faintly papillose; nearly all basal
cells long; costa smooth. Capsule oblong; neck long; teeth
erect; pedicel long straight thin, — On trees princ. near sea

— 3808 —

gen. r. Eur, Germany: C. Mueller. Norway: J. Roell. France:
Husnot. Amer, Can. fruiting: Macoun; Waghorne.
37.0.maritimum C. M. et Kindb. — Ulota cat. Can. m.; U.
phyllantha Bridel in part.

Differs from the last: Leaves gradually attenuate to the subu-
late apex, more distinctly papillose also on costa. Capsule
broad-oval; neck short; pedicel shorter and thicker, curved when
moistened. — Rocks near sea less r. Hur. Sweden not uncom-
mon! Norway: E. Nyman. Amer. Can. fruiting: J. Macoun.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

VI. Calyptoporus Lindberg.
1. Psilocarpa.
38.0.psilocarpum James. — Sullivant icon. muse.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtusate subobtuse faintly
papillose, recurved below, sometimes faintly crenulate at apex;
cells small, the basal short. Capsule broad-oval finally sub-
oblong; neck not distinct; lid mamillate; teeth free opake erect;
cilia narrow; calyptra glabrous. Stem about 0,5 c. m. long.
— Trees r. Amer. U. S.: James, com. C. Mueller. Can.: Macoun.

2. Microcarpa.
39.0.microcarpum Notaris; Husnot muscol. gall.

Leaves flat at borders at least at one side, nearly smooth,
gen. obtuse suboblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate; basal cells
short. Capsule suboval; neck not distinct; teeth papillose yello-
wish connate in pairs, appressed when dry; calyptra glabrous.
— On small trees prince. Morus r. Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano!
40.0.Hallii Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. icon. m.

Leaves recurved below middle, distinctly papillose, ovate-
lanceolate acute or subsubulate at apex; alar cells quadrate,
the inner basal short-rectangular. Capsule oval; neck not distinct;
teeth smooth whitish connate in pairs, erect when dry; calyptra
hairy. — Trees r, Amer. Can.: Macoun.
41.0.Jamesii Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves faintly reflexed, very papillose with long cylindric
papille, broadly obtuse ovate-oblong; marginal cells quadrate,
the inner basal somewhat long-rectangular not hyaline. Capsule
obovate-piriform often with thick neck; teeth smooth pale,
wholly or nearly free, deflexed-appressed when dry; calyptra
sparingly hairv. — Limestone rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

3. Pulchella.
42.0.pulchellum Brunton.
Leaves long narrow subulate at apex, recurved below, flat

— 3809 —

above, very papillose with long papille, us. slightly crisped;
nearly all basal cells long. Capsule striped oblong finally cy-
lindric; teeth us. orange. Tufts yellowish green. — On trees
in warmer districts or r. on stones. Hur. r. Sweden: Wahl-
stedt. Denmark: M. F. Lange. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.
not r. in Pacif. distr: Macoun.

*O.uloteforme Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves distinctly crisped. Peristome pale. — Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
43.0.Winteri Schimper; Limpricht.

Leaves short-acuminate acute, recurved nearly all around,
faintly papillose with short papille, scarcely twisted, gen. shorter
than in the last; outer basal cells short. Capsule faintly striate
oblong-cylindric; teeth pale. Tufts green, brown below. — Trees
and rocks r. Hur. Germany: Winter, com. C. Mueller, Amer.
Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun. ,

; 4. Diaphana,.
44.0.diaphanum Gmelin. — Bryum Gm.; Orthotrichum Schrader.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly smooth. Capsule
oblong smooth when young; neck short; calyptra nearly glabrous.
Stem 1 c. m. or shorter. — On trees or r. on stones. Hur.
not r. Sweden, Germany! Amer. r. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.
*@Q.canum Mitten.

»Capsule emergent. Leaves with shorter hairpoint. — Amer.
r. Can.: Drummond»: Lesq. et Jam.

5. Rivularia.
45.0.rivulare Turner.

Leaves decurrent nearly smooth; alar cells rectangular very
large. Capsule oval short-necked; teeth opake. Tufts blackish.
Stem often long. — Stones and trees in running water r. Eur.
Engl.: Rogers. France: Le Jolis; Husnot. Amer. U. 8.: Hen-
derson, com. Cardot.
46.0.euryphyllum Venturi.

Differs from the last: Leaves not distinctly decurrent; alar
cells short-rectangular or indistinct. Capsule broad-oval; teeth:
less papillose. Stem about 2—3 c. m. — Stones in running
water r. Amer. U. S.: Roell.
47.0.Sprucei Montagne.

Differs from O. rivulare: Leaves more papillose, not distinctly
decurrent; cells larger, the alar quadrate. Capsule smaller.
Tufts low dark green, — Base of trees near water r. Eur.
France: Philibert.

— 310 —

6. Cupulata.

A. Capsule not distinctly strangulate; teeth smooth erect
when dry.

a. Capsule narrow gen. long-exserted.
48.0.anomalum Hedwig.

Leaves subcanaliculate and not subulate at apex, hyaline
below, faintly papillose above. Capsule oblong or oblong-cy-
lindric with brown stripes; teeth nearly free. — On stones,
less often on trees and roofs. — Hur. common. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule thick suboval, sometimes immersed.
49.0.consimile Mitten; Sulliv. icon. musc.

Leaves not subulate at apex, faintly papillose above, hyaline
below. Capsule us. long-exserted; teeth nearly free. Stem us.
about 0,5 c. m. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.
*@Q.anomaloides Kindb. n. subsp.

Capsule less exserted; cilia shorter than teeth. Stem higher.
— Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
50.0.Watsoni James; Sulliv. icon. musc.

Leaves subulate at apex, strongly papillose with long cylin-
dric papille. Capsule wholly immersed; teeth connate in pairs.
Stem 1—2 c. m. high. — Alp. rocks r. Amer, »U. S.»: Lesq.
et Jam.

B. Capsule thick us. strangulate, more or less immersed;
teeth nearly free often papillose, often patent when dry. Leaves
carinate.

a. Peristomial teeth entire.
51.0.urnigerum Myrin. — »0. perforatum Limpricht»: Venturi.

Leaves very papillose, not hyaline below. Capsule us. with
indistinct neck; teeth papillose below, gen. erect when dry.
Tufts loose dark green. — Rocks prince. siliceous r. Eur. Switzerl.!
Sweden less r.!; M. Huss. France: Puget.
52.0.cupulatum Hoffmann.

Leaves us. faintly papillose, often hyaline below. Capsule
with more or less distinct us. thick short neck; teeth gen.
smooth, often patent when dry. Tufts us. dense and brown
or blackish when dry. — Rocks. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

*@Q.nudum Dickson; Venturi.

Capsule subemergent with long not defluent neck. — Eur.
not uncommon. Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler. Engl.: Rogers.
France: Brébisson. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

— 311 —

*@0.Sardagne Venturi.

Capsule with long defluent neck. — Dolomitic rocks r. Eur.
Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi.

*@Q.Venturii Notaris.

Capsule with short subdefluent neck. — Rocks r. Eur.
»Austria»: Venturi.

b. Peristomial teeth gen. partite and papillose.
53.0.Lescurii Austin; Sulliv. ic. m.; Kindb. rev. bryol. 1896.

Leaves nearly smooth short obtusate subobtuse. Capsule
immersed with short very thick not defluent neck; teeth erect;
calyptra nearly glabrous. Tufts low. — Limestone rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. ,

*0.Porteri Austin.

»Capsule nearly exserted. Amer. r. U. S.o: Lesq. et Jam.
54.0.Baldaccii Venturi et Bottini.

Leaves very papillose somewhat long and acuminate. Capsule
immersed with short defluent neck; teeth patent; calyptra spa-
ringly hairy. Tufts about 2 c. m. high. — Alp. calcareous
rocks r. Hur. Spain: Dieck, com. Roell. »Montenegro»: Bottini.

7. Pumila.

A. Capsule arrounded below when operculate, finally stran-
gulate when dry. Calyptra campanulate.
55.0.Schimperi Hammar. — O. fallax Schimper. ‘

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, gen. broadly obtuse and
subcanaliculate; basal cells short-rectangular. Capsule suboval
not or slightly emergent; stomata nearly superficial; calyptra
glabrous. — On trees and roofs. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden!
Austria: Venturi. Amer, r. Can.: Macoun.
56.0.strangulatum Beauvois; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Differs from the last: Leaves often subulate at apex; basal
cells sometimes longer. Capsule finally exserted; calyptra spa-
ringly hairy. — On trees or r. on rocks, r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Capsule not arrounded below when operculate.

a. Capsule not distinctly constricted when dry. Leaves
subcanaliculate.
57.0.pallens Bruch.

Leaves not r. obtuse at apex, faintly papillose, more or less
long, often decurrent; inner basal cells somewhat long. Cap-’
sule partly emergent somewhat thick with long defluent neck,
us. pale yellow; stomata us. not much immersed; teeth us.
orange; calyptra campanulate yellowish us. glabrous. Stem us.
about 1 c. m. high. — On trees princ. in warmer districts.

— 312 —

Eur. riot r. France, Switzerl.!| Sweden: Groenwall. Amer. r.
2Can.»: Mitten.

*@O.scopulorum Lindberg. —- O. Arnellii and 0. rufescens
Greenwall; Limpricht.

_ Leaves obtuse at apex. Calyptra sometimes papillose. —
Rocks r. Eur. Finl.: S. O. Lindberg. Sweden: Arnell.

* Q.Rogeri Bridel.

Leaves gen. obtuse. Capsule red brown; teeth reddish; sto-
mata more immersed. — Trees r. Hur. Austria: Arnold in Ra-
benhorst bryotheca n. 1239. Norway: Kaurin. Amer. »U. S.»:
Cardot.
58.0.ohioénse Sullivant et Lesquereux. — Sulliv. icon. m.

Differs from O. pallens: Leaves decurrent, nearly smooth;
inner basal cells short-rectangular, the outer subquadrate, the
alar larger and rectangular. Capsule thick often immersed;
neck short; teeth pale; calyptra sparingly hairy. — On trees.
Amer. U. S.: Austin, com. C. Mueller. Can.: Macoun.
59.0.leucomitrium Bryol. eur.

Leaves broadly acuminate, gen. acute or subsubulate at apex,
faintly papillose; inner basal cells somewhat long. Capsule
greenish nearly or wholly exserted with long defluent neck,
narrower than in O. pallens; stomata much immersed; teeth
whitish sometimes not connate; calyptra narrowly conic whitish
nearly glabrous. Stem 0,5—1 ¢c. m. high. — Trees (princ.
Salix alba) in southern districts r. Switzerl.!; Philibert. Austria:
Venturi. France: Puget.

b. Capsule finally strangulate.

aa. Capsule narrow oblong-cylindric, often exserted; neck
long; calyptra narrowly conic.
60.0.tenellum Bruch.

Leaves long carinate very papillose; inner basal cells some-
what long. Capsule with defluent neck; teeth pale connate in
pairs; calyptra yellow sparingly hairy. Stem 1—2c. m, high. —
On trees prince. in lower districts. Hur. not common. Switzer!
Sweden!; Greenwall. Italy: Venturi. Germany: Herpell. Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun.

bb. Capsule thick oval-oblong, us. immersed; neck short;
calyptra broad.
61.0.stramineum Hornschuch.

Leaves us. long acute often carinate; inner basal cells long.
rectangular. Capsule piriform more or less emergent; teeth orange
papillose; calyptra straw-colored us. with few short hairs.

— 3138 —

Tufts 2—3 c. m. high. — On trees or ry. on stones. Eur. com-
mon below alp. regions. Sweden, France, Switzerl.! Germany:
Warnstorf.

62.0.alpestre Hornschuch.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, less acute and more
papillose. Peristomial. teeth smooth above. Calyptra us. gla-
brous. Stem more radiculose. — On rocks in alp. regions, r.
on trees. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer.
r. »Can. and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
63.0.pumilum Swartz.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate carinate us. acute; basal cells
short. Capsule suboblong immersed; teeth dark yellow; calyp-
tra glabrous pale yellow. Tufts about 1 c. m. high. — On
trees and roofs. Hur. not uncommon, Sweden, Switzerl.! France:
Husnot. »Amer.»: Venturi.
64.0.Braunii Bryol. eur.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer. Capsule thicker, oval-
piriform; teeth paler. — On trees or r. on stones. Eur. r.
France: Berthoumieu. Norway: Bryhn.
65.0.cylindrocarpum Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate obtusate subobtuse subcana-
liculate; basal cells short. Capsule oval-oblong finally cylindric
wholly exserted; calyptra hairy. Tufts 1 c. m. or lower. —
Rocks and trees r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

126. Macromitrium Bridel.

A. Leaves closely imbricate when dry. Calyptra with long
hairs.
1.M.Sullivantii C. Mueller. — »M. Dregei» Sulliv. icon. m.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate broadly acuminate subacute
carinate, scarcely reflexed, slightly papillose, entire, patent-erect
when moist; cells round-oval; costa not percurrent. Perichetial
leaves longer and narrower. Capsule oblong-cylindric, contracted
at mouth, plicate at it and below when dry; exostome wanting
or imperfect; endostomial tube very low; lid rostrate-subulate;
pedicel somewhat long; calyptra covering capsule. Branches
reddish brown not crowded. Monoecious. —- On pine trees r.
Amer. »U. S.»: Sulliv.
2.M.Fitzgeraldi Lesquereux et James.

»Differs from the last in its dark brown color; branches
yellowish; capsule larger, distinctly ribbed; lid shorter, conic
and blunt; pedicel shorter; leaves longer; male flowers not
found. — On trees r. Amer. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

21

— 314 —

B. Leaves crisped when dry. Calyptra slightly hairy.
3.M.rhabdocarpum Mitten.

»Leaves linear-lanceolate acute or subobtuse and subapiculate,
carinate, not recurved, crenulate, papillose above, spreading-oper
and slightly flexuous when moist; upper cells round, basa.
oblong; costa yellowish percurrent. Perichetial leaves narrower.
more acute. Capsule oval gradually narrowed to pedicel and
to mouth, distinctly plicate; peristome simple: teeth short pale
fragile; lid subulate; calyptra covering capsule. Branches nol
crowded. — Amer. U. S., Florida»: Lesq. et Jam.

127. Schlotheimia Bridel.
1.S.mucronifolia Hooker et Greville. — Macromitrium H. G.:
Schlotheimia Kindb.

Leaves sublinear or oblong-lingulate, obtuse often subtruncate,
carinate, sometimes recurved, broadly limbate at one side below,
entire indistinctly papillose not rugose, patent and faintly cur.
ved when moist, slightly crisped when dry; cells very small
round-oval, lower marginal narrowly linear; costa dark brown,
depressed on upper side, very prominent at back, excurrent tc
a thick deflexed point. Perichetial leaves similar. Capsule
suboblong, contracted at mouth, not sulcate; teeth wanting; lid
rostrate; pedicel not long; calyptra glabrous or slightly rough
above, laciniate, covering half capsule. Branches red-brown
densely crowded. Monoecious. —- Trunks of palms r. Amer.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.)
2.8.Sullivantii C. Mueller; Sulliv. icon. muse.

Differs from the last: Leaves often rugose, neither recurved
nor limbate; basal cells rhomboidal; costa short-excurrent 01
(in perichetial leaves) subpercurrent. Capsule oblong-cylindric:
teeth deflexed when dry; segments ciliiform; calyptra lobulate,
rough above, covering whole capsule. — Trees r. Amer. U. S.:
com. Macoun and Cardot.

128. Zygodon Hooker et Taylor.

I. Eu-Zygodon. Leaves green papillose carinate not recurved;
cell-walls thickened. Perichetial leaves not sheathing. Dioecious,
Il. Gymnocephalus. Leaves nearly plane or somewhat con.
cave, bluish when moistened; cells smooth with thin hyaline
walls. Monoecious.

II. Amphidium. Leaves green papillose carinate often recur-
ved at one side; cell-walls not thickened. Perichetial leaves
sheathing. Capsule piriform, long-necked; peristome none.

SAR ox

I. Eu-Zygodon.

A. Leaves sublinear apiculate us. not falcate; cells not opake.
Tufts small low.

a. Costa of leaves not excurrent. Capsule suboval.
1.Z.viridissimus Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon R. Brown.

Leaves gen. complicate above, r. dentate near apex, patent
or curved when moist, green when dry. Capsule with short
neck; teeth none. Often with propagula. — Trees, Eur. not
r. France: Le Jolis. Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl: Macoun; Drum-
mond 27.

* Z.rupestris Lindb.

Leaves narrower with longer pellucid terminal cell (point),
often falcate, us. brown when dry. — Rocks somewhat r. Fur,
Sweden!
2.Z.conoideus Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon Hooker et
Taylor; Z. Brebissoni Br. eur.

Leaves entire not complicate above, suberect when moist;
cells larger than in the last. Capsule with longer and narro-
wer neck; peristome double. — Trees r. Hur. Engl.: Holt.
France: Brébisson; Le Jolis; Camus. Amer. »U. 8.»: Cardot.

b. Leaves with excurrent costa. Capsule round-oval; teeth
none.
3.Z.Stirtoni Schimper; Braithwaite.

Leaves entire gen. not complicate above, suberect when moist.
Often with propagula. — Rocks and stonewalls r. Hur. Engl.:
Holt. Sweden: Berggren.

B. Leaves ovate-lanceolate dentate above, falcate when moist;
upper cells small opake; costa not excurrent. Tufts large;
stem long.
4.Z.gracilis Wilson; Braithwaite.

Leaves broadly long-acuminate. Capsule cylindric with short
neck; peristome double. Tufts dark green. Habit of Barbula
refleca. — Calcareous rocks r. Hur. Hngl.: Rogers; Holt.
5.Z.Sullivantii C. Mueller; Sullivant ic. m.

Leaves subulate-acuminate. Capsules unknown. Tufts brown-
yellow. — Rocks r Amer. »U. 8.»: Sullivant.

II. Gymmnocephalus Schweegrichen.
6.Z.Forsteri Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Zygodon Wilson.

Leayes flaccid entire sublingulate acute or short-acuminate;
upper cells roundish, the hyaline basal rectangular; costa us.
subpercurrent. Capsule piriform or oblong-cylindrie with
long neck; peristome double. Tufts small. — On bark of

— 3816 —

* trees (Fagus) y. Hur. Italy: Levier. France: Guépin, con
Husnot.
*Z.Sendtneri Juratzka.

Leaves somewhat narrower; costa gen. excurrent. — On bar
of Ostrya yr. Eur. »Istria»: Sendtner.

TI. Amphidium Limpricht (Amphoridium Schimp.;
Lesq. et Jam.)

A. Leaves subulate-acuminate very long, often red-browr
Dioecious.

a. Capsule exserted; lid rostrate. Perichetial leaves wit
not excurrent costa. Other leaves recurved below at one sid
entire or in upper part faintly sinuolate. Stem gen. high.
7.Z.Mougeotii Bryol. eur.

Leaves flexuous not distinctly crisped; the perichetial ne
much broader, short-sheathing gradually long-subulate. — Rock:
Eur. not x. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl., Spain! Amer. Can
Waghorne. i
8.Z.crispatus Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves crisped entire with longer acicular point than in th
last; the perichetial broader, long-sheathing, abruptly narrowe
to the subulate shorter point. —- Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. dist:
Can.: Macoun.

b. Capsule not exserted; lid obtuse or apiculate. Periche
tial leaves with long-excurrent costa, Other leaves gen. distantl
serrulate above. Stem low when fruiting, often high whe
sterile.
9.Z.californicus Hampe.

Leaves crisped more or less reflexed below at one side, wit
long acicular point, us. red-brown; the perichetial not broade:
short-sheathing gradually long-subulate. — Rocks r. — Amei
Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

* Z.cespitosus Mitten. — Didymodon Mitt.; Zygodon Kindl

Leaves not reflexed less acicular. Capsules unknown. -
Amer. ry. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves acute fuscescent not long. Monoecious.
10.Z.lapponicus Hedwig. — Gymnostomum H.; Zygodo
Br. eur.

Leaves crisped entire not or slightly reflexed, sublinear c
nearly gradually attenuate; the perichetial very much broade:
long-sheathing, abruptly narrowed to a short point; costa fair
abbreviate. Capsule scarcely exserted; lid rostellate. Tuft
dense gen. low. — Rocks prince. in alps. Eur. not uncommor

-- 317 —

Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can.:
Macoun; Moser.
*Z.decipiens Kindb. n. subsp.

Perichetial leaves longer acuminate; costa long-excurrent. —-

Amer. ry. Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

129. Anoectangium Schwegrichen.
I. Pleurozygodon. Leaves small entire obtusate or short-
acuminate.
II. Molendoa. Leaves large from short crenulate base tape-
ring to a long subulate channelled acumen.

I. Pleurozygodon Lindberg.

1.A.compactum Schwegrichen.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate acute or apiculate, us. spirally
twisted about stem when dry; costa yellow subpercurrent. Cap-
sule obovate or oval-oblong; pedicel yellow. Tufts us. brownish
with green tops, sometimes bright green. Stem often abruptly
foliate. Habit of Zygodon lapponicus and Grimmia (Strepto-
phyllum). — Rocks prince. in alps. Hur. less r. Norway, Switzer].!
Sweden: P. Olsson. Amer. r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Greenl.:
Eberlin, com. Roell.

* A.brevifolium (Juratzka as var.) Kindb. n. subsp. — Molendoa
tenuinervis Limpricht ?

Stem not abruptly foliate. Leaves crowded much smaller,
half as long and broad, ovate-oblong subobtuse nearly all brown,
faintly twisted; cells less dusky; costa brown. Tufts more com-
pact, ferruginous when dry. — Alp. rocks r. Zur. Norway in
Dovrefjeld!
2.A.Peckii Sullivant ic. m.— »A. pellucidum Wilson»: Braith-
waite.

Differs from A. compactum: Leaves sublinear longer and nar-
rower, longer subulate at apex. Plants larger. Capsules un-
known. —- Rocks r. Eur. »Scotl.: Wilson»: Braithwaite. Amer.
»U. S.»: Sullivant.
3.A.Schliephackei Limpricht. — Pleuroweisia Limpr.

Leaves linear obtuse crowded erect when dry; costa yellow
not percurrent. Capsule oval. Tufts green above, 1—2 c. m.
high. — Calcareous rocks in alp. region r. Eur. »Switzerl.:
Gref»: Limpricht.

If. Molendoa Lindberg.
4 A.Hornschuchii Funck.

Upper leaves green; basal cells narrow; costa sometimes ex-

current. Capsule obovate with somewhat long neck; pedicel

— 318 —

long (as in other species), often emergent above tufts. Sten
often high. — Wet calcareous alp. rocks r. Eur. Austrie
Breidler.
* A.Sendtneri Bryol. eur.

Leaves brown more crisped; costa not excurrent. Pedice
not emergent above tufts. — Hur. r. Switzerl.: Schimper.

Fam. 28. Meeseacee.

130. Paludella Ehrhart.
1.P.squarrosa L. — Bryum L.; Paludella Bridel.

Leaves decurrent crowded; lamina serrulate ovate acute o
short-acuminate; costa subpercurrent. Perichetial leaves long
acuminate. Capsule suboblong; lid mamillate; pedicel red ver
long. Male flowers discoid. Dioecious. Tufts high tomentose
— Very wet swamps. Eur. Sweden and Norway commor
Spetsbergen: Malmgren, Austria: Venturi. Amer. r. Alaske
J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun.

131. Meesea Hedwig.

A. Leaves from dilated base tapering to a gradually atte
nuate acumen, decurrent, not reflexed; basal cells larger tha
the upper. Pedicel very long.
1.M.triquetra L.— Bryum L.; Meesea Aongstrcem; M. tristich
Br. eur.

Leaves iristichous denticulate nearly around or entire, spree
ding from nearly appressed base. Dioecious. Male flower
subdiscoid. — Deep swamps. Eur. Norway! Sweden: K. F
Dusép. France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Dearness.
2.M.longiseta Hedwig.

Leaves plurifarious less spreading, entire or near apex spéz
ringly dentate. Synoecious. — Swamps gen. r. Eur. Sweder
Lindberg; R. Hartman; M. Huss. Norway: M. N. Blytt. Amer
Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves sublinear more or less reflexed; nearly all cell
equal in size. Pedicel often shortish.
3.M.trichodes L. — Bryum L.; Meesea Spruce; M. uliginos
Hedwig.

Leaves plurifarious entire not or scarcely decurrent, us. obtuse
suberect or open-erect when moist. Capsule shorter than i
the last; teeth yellow. Inflorescence variable. — Swamps an:
wet rocks princ. in alps. ur. common in alps. Norway
Switzerl.| Amer. Greenl.: Berggren; Vanhoeffen. Can.: Ma
coun; Waghorne.

— 819 —

4.M.Albertinii Bruch et Schimper.

Differs from the last: Leaves more distinctly decurrent us.
acute. Peristomial teeth pale very short often confluent. Mon-
oecious. — Swamps r. Eur. Sendtner, com. Le Jolis. Amer.
Can.: Waghorne.

132. Amblyodon Palisot de Beauvois.
1.A.dealbatus Dickson. —- Bryum Dicks.; Amblyodon Beauv.

Leaves narrowly oblong acuminate acute not reflexed; the
uppermost serrate at the not long acumen, finally pale green
or whitish; the lower finally reddish; costa not percurrent.
Capsule thick suboval. Stem about 1 c. m. high. Male flo-
wers discoid. Monoecious or polygamous. Resembling Meesea
trichodes in capsule. —- Wet ‘and turfy soil prince. in alps.
Eur. Sweden, Norway not r.! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

133. Plagiobryum Lindberg.
1.P.Zierii Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Plagiobryum Lindb.;
Zieria julacea Schimper.

Leaves broad-ovate short-acuminate not reflexed; costa not
excurrent. Capsule shorter than neck; teeth not much lower
than endostome. Tufts silverglossy finally reddish. Dioecious.
— Alp. rocks. Eur, not r. Norway! Sweden: R. Hartman.
Amer. yr. Can. Rocky mts 2250 metr. a, sea: Macoun.
2.P.demissum Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Meesea Hop. et Hsch.;
Plagiobryum Lindb.; Zieria Schimper.

Leaves subovate somewhat long-acuminate reflexed; costa ex-
current. Capsule longer than neck, deflexed to the ground
when unripe; teeth very much lower than endostome. Tufts
less glossy. Dioecious. — Earth on rocks in higher alp. region
r. Zur. Norway! Switzerl.: Schimper. Austria: Breidler. Amer,
Can. Rocky mts: Drummond 250.

134. Mielichhoferia Hornschuch.

A. Leaves small ovate-lanceolate, less strongly appressed;
upper cells narrow. Peristomial (exostomial) teeth wanting-
1.M.nitida Hornschuch.

Leaves gradually acuminate acute, serrulate above often to
middle. Perichetial leaves costate larger. Capsule us. suberect
when dry; segments not split; pedicel reddish more or less
flexuous; spores about 0,02 m. m. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.
Habit of Bryum (Webera) but with smaller leaves. — Schistose
prince. metalliferous (esp. copper) rocks in alps, r. Hur. Norway!
France: Husnot.

— 320 —

-2.M.macrocarpa Hooker. — Weisia Hook.; Mielichhoferia
Schimp.

Leaves entire short-acuminate acute or sometimes subobtuse;
the perichetial smaller, the inner indistinctly costate. Capsule
as in the last. Branches clavate. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.
— Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Drummond 74, com. Ma-
coun.

B. Leaves short very small strongly imbricate; upper cells
dilated. Peristome sometimes double.

a. Uppermost leaves obtusate, acute or obtuse; costa us.
not percurrent.
3.M.compacta Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Weisia Hop. et Hsch;
Mielichhoferia Kindb.; M. elongata Hornsch.; Limpr.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong, faintly serrulate near apex. Capsule
us. deflexed when dry; teeth rudimentary r. present; segments
distantly trabeculate, sometimes split in middle; pedicel yellow
arcuate at least when young; spores somewhat larger than in
M. nitida. Tufts us. low when fruiting, sometimes to 8—10
c. m. high. — Growing as M. nitida but more often on wet
rocks, r. Hur. Norway! Austria: Schimper. France: Husnot.
4.M.erecta Lindberg. — Pohlia (Cacodon) Lindb. revue bryol.
1883; Mielichhoferia Kindb. Oreas Kindb. Laubm. Schwed.
u. Norw.; Mielichhoferia defecta Sanio.

Leaves as in the last. Capsule erect when dry; teeth densely
trabeculate; segments rudimentary or wanting; pedicel reddish
sometimes arcuate when moistened. Tufts very low. — Alp.
rocks r. Hur. Norway Wangsfjeld in Opdal: Kaurin.

b. Leaves suddenly cuspidate; costa often percurrent.
5.M.cuspidifera Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves from broad-ovate base cuspidate, entire or near apex
slightly crenulate. Capsules unknown. Tufts about 2 c. m.
high. — Damp alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts 1500 metr.
a. sea: Macoun.

1385. Orthodontium Schwegrichen.
1.0.gracile Wilson. — Bryum Wils.; Orthodontium Schw.;
Stableria Lindb.

Leaves long very narrow sublinear or gradually subulate,
flexuous nearly entire not reflexed; lower cells wider than the
upper; costa not excurrent. Capsule greenish narrow suboblong
cernuous when dry; neck not much narrower or shorter; pedi-
cel pale sometimes longer than stem; teeth pale; lid rostellate.
Tufts greenish about 1 c. m, or lower. Monoecious or paroe-

— 321 —

cious. Habit of Bryum (Leptobryum). — On sandstone rocks
or on old trees r. Eur. Engl: Hunt. France: Camus. Amer.
»Calif.»: Howe.

Fam. 29. Cinclidiaces Kindb., new fam.
136. Cinelidium Swartz.

A. Leaves pale-limbate not recurved. Capsules unknown.
read ces Br. eur. -— Mnium Br. eur.; Cinclidium
Lindb.

Leaves spathulate-lingulate narrowly limbate long-decurrent
bright green; upper cells round-hexagonal or round-oval, the
basal rectangular; costa abbreviate. Tufts high very dense
tomentose to shoots. — Alp. rocks in northern districts, (»also
in Switzerl.»: Pfeffer) r. Hur. Norway! Sweden: E. Nyman.
Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.

B. Leaves reddish or finally blackish limbate, more or less
recurved when dry.

a. Leaves concave not decurrent; costa not excurrent. Synoe-
cious.
2.C.stygium Swartz.

Leaves broadly spathulate us. with short acute point, gen.
all red; those of stem r, blackish; shoots r. green; costa gen.
percurrent. Capsule suboval. — Swamps prince. in northern
alps. Eur. Sweden, Norway not r.! Finl: Brotherus, Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

C. latifolium Lindb., hitherto not found in our district, differs
in convex shoot-leaves and dioecious inflorescence.
3.C.subrotundum Lindberg.

Leaves round-spathulate obtuse or with very short obtuse
point; those of stem green finally blackish; shoots green; costa
not percurrent. Capsule subglobose. — Swamps in northern
alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can. Labrador:
Macoun.

b. Shoot-leaves convex somewhat long-decurrent; costa ex-
current. Synoecious.
4.C.Macounii Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Stem-leaves round-spathulate finally blackish; shoot-leaves
pale red or greenish lingulate gen. obtuse. Capsule suboval.
— Amer. yr. Can. Rocky mts: J. Macoun 1885.

e. Dioecious. Male flowers discoid. Leaves concave.
5.C.arcticum Br. eur. — Mnium Br. eur.; Cinclidium C. M.

Stem-leaves red broadly spathulate often with short acute

— 3822 —

point; shoot-leaves sublingulate gen. obtuse with more or less
distinct point, us. pale red, sometimes decurrent; costa gen.
percurrent, not excurrent. Capsule suboval; pedicel us. shorter
than in other species. — Swamps in northern alps r. Eur.
Norway in Dovrefjeld!

*(C.virescens Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, only those of stem red. Shoots green very
long; their leaves gen. not decurrent. Pedicel us. as long as
in C. stygium. -- Swamps in northern alps r. Eur. Norway in
Dovrefjeld!

*(C.polare Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves much smaller, all deep-red; uppermost shoot-leaves
acute sometimes short-acuminate. Capsules not seen. — Swamps
in arctic district r. Hur. Spetsbergen: Berggren, com. A. G.
Nathorst.

Fam. 30. Bartramiacee.
137. Breutelia Schimper.
1.B.areuata Dickson. — Mnium Dicks.; Breutelia Sch.

Leaves from short base abruptly tapering to a long gradually
attenuate striate (princ. when dry) serrate-denticulate acumen,
papillose at back, spreading also when dry; costa sometimes
excurrent. Capsule subglobose; pedicel us. arcuate, not much
longer; segments long. Stem branching erect or decumbent,
8—15 c. m. long with rusty red rhizoids. R. fruiting. — Wet
rocks princ. near sea and larger lakes, r. Eur. Norway: R.
Hartman; E. Nyman. France: Renauld. Engl.: Manchester
Cryptog. Society.

138. Bartramia Hedwig.
I. Eu-Bartramia. Leaves mamillose, not or only in lower
half recurved.

1. Ithyphyll#. Leaves channelled not crisped, not or near
base (slightly) reflexed; cells linear.

2. Crispw. Leaves carinate curling or crisped, recurved in
lower half; upper cells subquadrate or short-rectangular.

If. Plagiopus. Leaves smooth, recurved all around, carinate;
upper cells subquadrate.

I. Eu-Rartramia.

1. Ithyphylle.

A. Leaves gradually narrowed, reflexed near base and not
distinctly sheathing; costa excurrent outside the subula.

— 3823 —

1.B.stricta Bridel.

Capsule gen. erect; peristome simple; pedicel exserted. Tufts
glaucous green above. Synoecious. — Siliceous ground r. Eur,
princ. in Mediterr. distr. France: Schimper. Italy: Bottini.
Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves abruptly narrowed from the not reflexed us.
hyaline sheath; costa more or less filling subula.
2.B.ithyphylla Bridel.

Capsule inclined; peristome us. double. Costa of leaves not
well-defined above but us. not wholly filling subula. Tufts us.
glaucous green. Synoecious. — On stone. Eur. common. Swe-
den, Norway, Switzerl.| Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne.

* B.breviseta Lindberg.

Capsule deflexed when young, suberect when old; peristome
simple rudimentary or wanting; pedicel scarcely exserted. Costa
filling subula of leaf. — Northern prince. arctic district r. Eur.
»Norway: Th. Fries»: Lindberg. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
Can.: Waghorne.

* B.rigidula (Schimper as var.) Kindb. n. subsp.)

Capstile smaller; pedicel exserted. Leaves rigid brittle ap-
pressed when dry. — Alp. and arctic distr. r. Hur. Norway!
Amer. »Greenl.»: Lange.
3.B.viridissima Bridel. — »Weisia Brid. 1826: Limpr. —
B. subulata Br. eur. 1846.

Differs from B. ithyphylla: Capsule smaller, erect when moist;
peristome simple rudimentary us. wanting. Leaves smaller;
costa often not defined in subula. Paroecious. — Rocks in
higher alp. and arctic distr. r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler.
Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. »Alaska and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

2. Crispe.

A. Upper leaf-cells short-rectangular. Leaves crowded very
distinctly sheathing, more or less flexuous but not crisped.
4.B.norvegica Gunner. — Bryum Gunn. 1772; Bartramia Lindb.;
Webera Halleri Hedwig 1782; Bartramia. Hedw. 1789.

Leaves not decurrent, abruptly tapering and Jong-subulate;
costa long-excurrent. Pedicel not much longer than capsule.
Monoecious or subparoecious. — Rocks often near cascades.
Eur. not r., nearly common in alps. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.|
Amer, y. »Can. Rocky mts: Drummond»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Upper leaf-cells subquadrate. Leaves crisped or circinnate.

a. Leaves crowded, not distinctly sheathing.

— 824 —

5.B.pomiformis L. — Bryum L.; Bartramia Hedwig.

Leaves nearly gradually tapering and long-subulate, not de-
current, crisped; costa not long-excurrent. Pedicel exserted
above shoots. Monoecious or subparoecious. — On earth princ.
on rocks. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne. U. 8.: Sullivant, com. C. M.

b. Leaves sheathing, more or less distant.
6.B.crispa Swartz.

Leaves nearly graduallly tapering to a not long subula, not
decurrent, circinnate; costa not long-excurrent. Perichetial leaves
with very long-excurrent costa. Pedicel us. not exserted above
shoots. Tufts sparingly radiculose, green or dark green. Paroe-
cious or synoecious. — Rocks not r. Eur. Sweden! Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
7.B.glaucoviridis C. M. et Kindb. 1. ce.

Leaves sublinear abruptly short-subulate subcircinnate not
decurrent; costa subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Pedicel not
long. Tufts glaucous green very: radiculose. Subparoecious. —
Wet rocks in alps r. Amer. Can. B. C. near Revelstoke: Macoun.
8.B.circinnulata C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves abruptly tapering and long-subulate circinnate decur-
rent; costa very long-excurrent. Capsule and flowers unknown.
Tufts bright green sparingly radiculose. — Amer. r. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

II. Plagiopus Bridel.
9.B.Oederi Gunner. — Bryum Gunn.; Bartramia Swartz.

Leaves gradually narrowed short-subulate not sheathing,
slightly curling; upper cells subquadrate; costa percurrent. Cap-
sule erect when moist, sometimes small. Tufts compact. Synoe-
cious. — Rocks prince. in alps.. Hur. common in subalp. region.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

139. Philonotis Bridel.
I. Eu-Philonotis. Male flowers disciform with more or less
patent leaves. Dioecious.

1. Homomorphe. Leaves nearly uniform small narrow,
serrate (without double mamille at borders), not falcate, often
distant. Perigonial leaves acuminate acute. Stem often subcapillary.

2. Dimorphe. Leaves gen. dimorphous and large, r. distant:
some short subovate with us. not recurved borders, the others
gen. ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, often recurved at base and
sometimes falcate; borders serrate or furnished with double
mamille. Stem gen. long and thick with long branches.

— 825 —

II. Philonotula. Male flowers gemmiform with erect leaves.
Monoecious or dioecious. Leaves small narrow, nearly erect
when moist, not reflexed, faintly mamillose without double
mamille, often nearly appressed when dry. Fruiting stem very
short.

I. Eu-Philonotis.

1. Homomorphe.

A. Leaves not recurved at borders.
1.Ph.marchica Willdenow. — Leskia Willd.; Philonotis Brid.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acute not sharply serrate, more or
less distant; shoot-leaves somewhat shorter; costa short-excurrent.
Perigonial leaves erect-patent ovate-lanceolate nearly subulate-
acuminate; costa distinct often excurrent. Inner perichetial
leaves short, not or scarcely reaching above vaginula. Stem
somewhat long. — Wet places in lower districts. Hur. not
common. Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Germany: Warnstorf. Amer. r.
Can.: Macoun. U. §.: Roell.

* Ph.Jaxa Limpricht.

»Leaves very distant; costa not excurrent. — Eur. r. Swit-
zerl. and Germany»: Limpricht.
2.Ph.Muehlenbergii Bridel.

Differs from the last: Leaves smaller, more distant; costa
long-excurrent; stem thinner, subcapillary; capsule smaller. —
Springs in sandy rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: et
Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
3.Ph. Macounii Lesquereux et James.

Leaves ovate- -oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, long- zattinulate,
sharply serrate princ. above, crowded, smaller and shorter than
in Ph. marchica; costa long-excurrent. Perigonial leaves horizon-
tally spreading, ovate-lanceolate acute not subulate; costa not
well-defined, obsolete not excurrent. Inner perichetial leaves
ieaching far above vaginula with long-excurrent costa. Stem
somewhat short. — Amer. r. Can. Pacif. distr.: J. Macoun,

B. Leaves (at least some ones) recurved, ovate- lanceolate.
Capsules not seen. Stem us. subcapillary.

a. Leaves nearly smooth and not sharply serrate; cnet
short-excurrent.
4.Ph.Arnellii Husnot m. G. — »Ph. parvula Lindb.»: Philibert:

Leaves distant long-subulate short-decurrent. Perigonial leaves
ovate-lanceolate subulate horizontally patent; costa excurrent.
— Wet rocks r. Hur. Sweden: Zetterstedt. Amer. Greenl.:
Wenck, com. Roell.

— 326 —

5.Ph.subeapillaris Kindberg n. sp. — Ph. capillaris Lindb. ?

Leaves nearly crowded, shorter acuminate than in the last:
perigonial patent erect subovate short acuminate with not ex-
current costa, the inner sometimes obtuse. — Wet earth r.
Eur. Switzerl. near Lugano!

b. Leaves very mamillose and sharply serrate; costa long-
excurrent.
6.Ph.vancouveriensis Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves long-subulate: perigonial patent-erect broadly ovate-

lanceolate acute nearly nerveless. — Amer. r. Can. Vane. isl.:
J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.
2. Dimorphe.

A. Leaves smooth or only at borders furnished with few
double mamille; cells very pellucid somewhat large.
7.Ph.glabriuseula Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves not long gen. decurrent, nearly appressed when dry;
those of shoots spreading. Capsules and flowers unknown. —
Springs r. Amer. Can.: Moser; Waghorne. U. 8: Roell.

B. Leaves very mamillose also at the inner cells.

a. Perigonial leaves acute distinctly costate.
8.Ph.calearea Br. eur.

Leaves large gen. serrate without double mamille, us. long
crowded and falcate: perigonial us. horizontally spreading. Tufts
gen. very high. — Calcareous rocks and swamps. Eur. not r.
Sweden! Switzerl.!; Schimper. Greece: Heldreich. Amer. r.
»U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

*Ph.mollis Venturi.

Leaves of sterile stems very distant. Tufts low and loose.
— Eur. Austria: Venturi. Portugal: com. Venturi. Sweden!
*Ph.cespitosa Wilson.

Leaves more dimorphous, often with some double mamille
at borders, gen. not crowded: perigonial patent-erect. — Swamps.
Eur. not common. Belgium: Gravet. Germany: Warnstorf. Amer.
»Greenl.»: Lange. »U. 8.»: Cardot.
9.Ph.alpicola Juratzka.

Differs from Ph. calcarea: Leaves shorter and broader, more
recurved and us. appressed with patent point, either serrate
or partly with double mamille, r. falcate. Perigonial leaves
us. patent-erect. — In alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can.: Waghorne. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
10.Ph.acutiflora Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 67.

Leaves not serrate and not falcate, recurved to or above

— 3827 —

middle, with double mamille, gen. appressed when dry, smaller
than in Ph. calcarea, Perigonial leaves horizontally spreading.
Tufts not high; fruiting stem’ very low. — Amer. r. Can.: Ma-
coun. U. §.: Roell.

b. Perigonial leaves gen. all obtuse subovate, the inner not
distinctly costate.
11.Ph.fontana L. — Mnium L.; Philonotis Bridel.

Leaves plicate below, us. with numerous double mamille,
mostly crowded: perigonial obtuse patent-erect. Tufts us. glau-
cous green. — Wet places common and very veriable. ur.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Greece: Heldreich. Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne.

*Ph.seriata Mitten. — Bartramia Mitt.; Philonotis Lindb.

Shoot-leaves gen. distant, spirally twisted when dry. — Ri-
vulets in alps not common. Eur. Norway! France: Gasilien.
Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

* Ph.gracilescens Schimper. — Ph. fontana “angustifolia Kindb.
Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.

Leaves (nearly all) small and narrow, often not recurved,
those of shoots gen. distant: perigonial subacute at least the
outer. Stem somewhat thin. Habit of Ph. marchica. —- Wet
rocks prince. in alps. Hur. not common. Sweden, Norway!
France: Husnot. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz.

c. Perigonial leaves not seen. Other leaves not plicate.
12.Ph.Mohrii C. M.; Bartramia C. M.; Philonotis Lq. et Jam.

Leaves crowded, resembling those of Ph. fontana, but minutely
serrulate above, gen. with double mamille below, not distinctly
plicate, reflexed below, straight, open also when dry; costa
long-excurrent. Capsule faintly plicate when dry; lid umbonate.
Stem not high; pedicel as long. — Rotten logs r. Amer. U.S.:
Louisiana: Mohr, com. C. Mueller.

13. Ph.adpressa. Ferguson; Braithwaite.

Leaves with gen. double mamille, broad-ovate uniform, distant
decurrent nearly appressed when dry; costa gen. not excurrent.
Tufts long loose nearly eradiculose. Capsules unknown. —
Wet places r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite. Amer. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen.

II. Philonotula C. Mueller.

A. Leaves serrulate all around, narrowly ovate-lanceolate.

a. Leaves subulate at apex; costa excurrent. Monoecious.
14.Ph.rigida Bridel.

Leaves faintly papillose or mamillose nearly crowded, us.

— 3828 —

appressed when dry. Perichetial leaves long from broad base
abruptly subulate. Capsule somewhat large. Fruiting stem
very short with few stem-leaves and short verticillate branches.
—- Wet rocks in warmer districts r. Hur. Switzerl.! France:
Philibert. Spain: Levier. Italy: Bottini. Engl.: Holt.

15.Ph.radicalis Beauvois. — Bartramia Beauv.; Sulliv. icon.
muse.; Philonotis Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves more gradually acuminate:
perichetial longer-subulate; costa short-excurrent; branch-leaves
often open-erect when dry. Capsule somewhat smaller; pedicel
thinner. — Wet places r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. and Vane isl.:
Macoun. U. S.: Mohr, com. Macoun.

b. Leaves acute not subulate; costa percurrent. Dioecious.

16.Ph.tenella C. Mueller.

Leaves crowded appressed when dry, smaller than in the
last: perichetial subulate not much broader; perigonial sublinear
long-subulate nearly nerveless. — Amer. r. »U. S.o: C. M.
(Cuba: Wright, herb. Sullivant, com. C. Mueller).

B. Leaves entire and nearly smooth in lower half, sublinear-
subulate. Capsules and flowers unknown.

17.Ph.pumila Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves erect, smaller and narrower than in Ph. rigida; costa
scarcely excurrent. Tufts about 1 c. m. high. — Amer, r. Can.
Ontario near Belleville: Macoun.

140. Anacolia Schimper.
1.A.Menziesii Turner. — Bartramia Turn; Sulliv. ic. m.; Ana-
colia Kindb.

Leaves smooth from subovate base nearly gradually subulate,
serrate to the plicate basal part, nearly appressed when dry;
lower cells short-rectangular, upper longer; costa short-excurrent
or percurrent. Capsule globose pale or reddish brown; teeth
short or none; pedicel us. longer than capsule to lc. m. Tufts
green soft and silky, tomentose. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Amer.
Can. Pacif. distr: Macoun. U. 8.: E. Hall; Leiberg, com. Mrs
Britton.
2.A.Webbii Montagne. — Glyphocarpus Mont.; Anacolia Sch.

Differs from the last: Leaves mamillose brittle serrate in
upper third; cells gen. quadrate: middle rectangular. Capsule
red-brown; pedicel shorter; teeth none. Tufts rigid brown-green.
— Earth and rocks r. Eur. Mediterr. distr. »Spain and Corsica»:
Schimp (Canary islands: Husnot).

— 329 —

141: Bartramidula Bruch et Schimper.
1.B.Wilsoni Br. et Sch. — Philonotis Braithw.; Bartramia C. M.
Leaves from suboblong entire base tapering to the serrulate
acute acumen; upper cells longer-rectangular, the lower shorter;
costa not percurrent. Capsule small globose-piriform with short
neck; pedicel longer. Tufts scarcely 1 c. m. high. — Rocksr.
Eur. Engl.: Rogers; George. Scotl.: Fergusson.

142. Catoscopium Bridel.
1.C.nigritum Hedwig. — Weisia H.; Catoscopium Brid.

Leaves small entire ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate
acuminate acute; costa percurrent. Capsule red-brown finally
blackish glossy, resembling a pinhead in size; pedicel red.
Spores about 0,04 m. m. Dioecious..— Swamps and turfy
soil in alps or as relics from glacial periode. Hur. common
in northern alps. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Engl.: Manchester Crypt. society. Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun.

143. Conostomum Swartz.
1.C.boreale Swartz.

Leaves gradually tapering to the subulate apex, faintly serrate
in upper part of acumen; costa not or slightly excurrent. Cap-
sule inclined; pedicel much longer. Tufts glaucous green. —
Rocks in or near alps. Hur. not r. in northern distr. Norway!
Sweden!; Wahlenberg. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen.

Fam. 31. Funariacee.

144. Funaria Schreber.
I, Eu-Funaria. Peristome double. Capsule gen. oblique often
annulate.

1. Annulate. Capsule annulate us. rugose or furrowed
when dry; endostome short. Leaves entire. Spores mostly
about 0,01 m. m.

2. Exannulate. Capsule not annulate, slightly or not
rugose. Leaves us. serrate. Spores about 0,02 m. m.

Il. Entosthodon. Peristume simple or none. Capsule not
rugose, us. symmetric; annulus none; pedicel short. Leaves
serrate, entire or indistinctly sinuolate.
I. Eu-Funaria.
1. Annulate.
1.F.hygrometrica L. — Mnium L.; Funaria Sibthorp.
Leaves us. ovate-oblong acute subconvolute not distinctly
22

— 330 —

acuminate; costa subpercurrent. Capsule oblique; teeth red with
prominent ribs also below; segments well-evolute; lid not um-
bonate; pedicel us. very long. Spores about 0,01 m, m. —
On bare earth common. Fur. Sweden etc! Amer. Can.: J.
Macoun.

*F.calvescens Schweegrichen.

Leaves lanceolate short-acuminate not convolute, crisped.
Stem higher. — Eur. Switzerl.! Greece: Orphanides. Amer. Can.
Vane. isl.: Macoun.

* F.Ravenelii Austin.

»Comal leaves narrower, spreading; costa percurrent. — Amer.
U. S.»: Lq. et Jam.
2.F.convoluta Hampe.

Differs from F. hygrometrica: Capsule smaller, finally furrowed;
teeth yellowish; endostome often rudimentary; lid umbonate.

Leaves sometimes short-acuminate. — Amer. r. U. S. Pacif.
distr. near Washington: Roell.

3.F.arctica Kindb. n. sp. — F. hygrometrica var. arctica
Berggren.

Resembling a small state of F. hygrometrica with smaller
leaves and capsules. Differs from it: Spores twice as large,
about 0,02 m. m. Leaves ovate mostly obtuse. Peristomial
teeth with prominent ribs only near apex; pedicel short. —
Earth in arctic distr. r. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.
4.F.microstoma Bryol. eur.

Resembling F. hygrometrica. Differs from it: Capsule smaller,
less rugose often pale; pedicel short; endostome very short or
rudimentary; spores 0,02 m. m. Leaves smaller, more or less
acuminate. — Wet sand or clay in alps r. Eur. Switzerl.!
Austria: Breidler. France: Brébisson. Amer. »U. S.»: Lq. et Jam.
5.F.flavicans Michaux; Lesquer. et Jam.

Leaves ovate-oblong or obovate, abruptly attenuate to a long
subulate or acicular point; costa sometimes excurrent. Capsule
not or slightly rugose when dry; teeth with prominent ribs
only at point; endostome rudimentary; lid umbonate; pedicel
not long. Spores about 0,02 m. m. or larger. — Amer. r.
U. S.; Vasey, com. Macoun.

2. Exannulate.

A. Capsule oblique; endostome nearly as high as teeth.
6.F.serrata Beauvois; Sulliv. icon. muscor.

Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gen. short-acuminate,
serrate above; costa subpercurrent. Capsule slightly rugose when

— 331 —

dry; teeth without prominent ribs; lid umbonate; pedicel some-
what long. — Moist clay and sand r. Amer. U. S.: Langlois,
com. Cardot.

7.F.americana Lindberg; Sulliv. 1. c.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtusate or tapering to a long
acicular point, entire or faintly serrate; costa sometimes not
percurrent. Capsule not rugose; teeth sometimes with promi-
nent ribs in lower part; lid obtusely apiculate; pedicel short.
— Amer. ry. U. S. Montana: Williams, herb. Demetrio, com.
Roell.

B. Capsule not rugose, r. straight; endostome short.
8.F.calcarea Wahlenberg.

Leaves oval-oblong or subobovate tapering to a gen. long
subacicular point: upper us. serrate; costa us. not percurrent.
Capsule oblique; pedicel short. — Calcareous soil in warmer
districts. Hur. not r. Sweden! Austria: Breidler. France: Husnot.
Amer. ry. »Can. and U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* »F.Muehlenbergii Schwegrichen»: C. M.

Leaves us. gradually narrowed with subpercurrent or excur-
rent costa. — Hur. Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Germany: W.
Baur, com. C. Mueller.

*F. mediterranea Lindberg.

Leaves us. entire and abruptly narrowed with abbreviate
costa. — Hur. Italy: E. Adlerz. Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.
* F.convexa Spruce.

Leaves larger and faintly serrate. Lid of capsule not um-
bonate. — Eur. southern distr. r. Italy: Bottini. France: Phili-
bert. Greece: Haussknecht; Heldreich.

*¥F.pulchella Philibert.

Leaves smaller; costa short. —- Hur. r. France: Philibert.
9.F californica Sullivant et Lesquereux; Sull. ic. m.

Leaves oval-oblong or subobovate subobtusate or very shortly.
acuminate without acicular point, entire or serrate; costa not
percurrent. Capsule oblique (or erect symmetric) long-necked;
teeth with slightly or not prominent ribs; lid umbonate; pedi-
cel short. — Clay soil r,. Amer. U. S. Calif.: Boleender, com.
Renauld. — In Sulliy. icon. muscor. capsule is straight, leaves
are entire.

*F.pallescens Juratzka. — Entosthodon Jur.; Funaria Kindb.

Capsule alwavs straight symmetric; endostome very short;
spores a little larger; lid not seen. Leaves entire. — Hur. r.
Greece: Haussknecht.

— 3832 —

II. Entosthodon Schwegrichen.

A. Leaves gen. serrate acute or short-acuminate. Peristome
rudimentary or wanting.

a. Capsule subglobose short-necked; pedicel straight longer.
10.F.obtusa Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Funaria Lindb.; En-
tosthodon ericetorum Balsamo et Notaris,

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate, broadly lim-
bate by narrow cells, sometimes nearly entire. Peristome none.
Spores smooth. — Clay and sand. Hur. not common. Norway:
R. Hartman. Sweden: J. Persson. Germany: Herpell.
11.F.fascicularis Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Funaria Schimp.

Leaves subobovate strongly serrate not limbate. Peristome
rudimentary. Spores very rough. — Open fields prince. in war-
mer districts. Hur. not r. Sweden: 8. A. Tullberg. France:
Husnot. Germany: Warnstorf.

b. Capsule piriform long-necked; pedicel inclined scarcely
longer.
12.F.curviseta Schwegrichen. — Gymnostomum Schw.; Funaria
Milde; Entosthodon Schimper.

Leaves as in the last. Peristome none. Spores verrucose. —
Rocks and walls r. Hur. France: Husnot. Italy: Giordano; Arcangeli.

B. Leaves entire or indistinctly sinuolate. Peristome simple
well-evolute. Pedicel straight somewhat long.
13.F.attenuata Dickson. — Bryum Dicks.; Funaria Lindb.; F.
Templetoni Smith; Entosthodon Schweegrichen.

Leaves subobovate abruptly short-acuminate limbate by one
yellow cell-row. Capsule suboval shorter than neck; teeth arti-
culate; spores smooth. — Humid earth r. Eur. prince. near
Atlantic and Mediterr. seas. France: Le Jolis; Husnot. Italy:
Venturi. Portugal: Levier. Engl.: Percival. Amer. »U. 8S. Calif.»:
Lesq. et Jam.
14.F.Drummondii Sullivant. — Entosthodon Sull. icon. musc.;
Funaria Kindb.

Differs from the last: Leaves gen. not acuminate. Capsule
short-piriform longer than neck; teeth indistinctly articulate;
spores slightly rough. — Moist clay soil r. Amer. U. S.: Lang-
lois, com. Cardot.

145. Physcomitrium Bridel.
I. Eu-Physcomitrium. Capsule short-necked; peristome none.
Leaves long-costate.

1. Erythrocarpa. Capsule (as pedicel) red, very dilated

at mouth.

— 833 —

2. Xanthocarpa., Capsule (as pedicel) yellowish, not or
very r. dilated at mouth.

II. Pseudo-Funaria. Capsule long-necked; teeth pale indi-
atinctly articulate. Leaves nerveless or short-costate. (Calyptra
4-lobed as in other species.)
I. Eu-Physcomitrium.

1. Erythrocarpa.
_ A. Capsule somewhat large; lid flat.
1.Ph.acuminatum Schleicher. — Gymnostomum Schl.; Physco-
mitrium Bruch et Sch.

Upper leaves long-lanceolate sharply acuminate, entire at least
above, yellow-margined below; costa percurrent or short-excur-
rent. Lid of capsule mamillate. — Earth prince. on walls r.
Eur. Switzerl.!| Austria: Gander. Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.
2.Ph.Hookeri Hampe. — Ph. hians Lindb.; Sulliv. ic. m.

Leaves suboblong acuminate entire or serrate; costa not per-
current. Lid of capsule apiculate. —- Wet meadows r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Dearness. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

B. Capsule small. Leaves suboblong.
3.Ph.sphericum Ludwig. — Gymnostomum Ludw.; Physco-
mitrium Bridel.

Leaves obtuse or obtusate gen. entire; costa not percurrent.
Lid of capsule flat apiculate. — Earth near water in lower distr. r.
Eur, Engl.: Rogers. Finl.: Brotherus.
4.Ph.eurystomum EHsenbeck. — Gymnostomum Es.; Physco-
mitrium Sendtner.

Leaves short-acuminate serrate above; costa percurrent or ex-
current. Lid of capsule convex mamillate. — Earth r. Hur, Italy:
Venturi. Germany: Ruthe. Austria: Breidler.

2. Xanthocarpa.

A. Pedicel of capsule not emergent above upper leaves; lid
convex.

a. Capsule immersed.
5.Ph.immersum Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves narrowly oblong-lingulate or lanceolate short-acuminate,
sharply serrate above; costa not percurrent. Capsule globose
with dilated mouth; lid mamillate. River banks r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.
6.Ph.coloradense Britton bull. Torr. club 1894.

Leaves subovate obtusate or short-pointed, slightly serrate
above; costa percurrent. Capsule subglobose-piriform; lid api-
culate. — Amer. »U. 8. r.»: Mrs Britton.

— 834 —

b. Capsule emergent shorter than pedicel.
7.Ph.pygmeum James.

Leaves suboblong acute or short-acuminate, slightly serrate
above; costa not percurrent. Capsule oblong-piriform; lid api-
culate. — Earth in alps r. Amer. »U. 8. Utah»: lq. et Jam.

B. Pedicel of capsule long-exserted.

a. Lid of capsule flat when ripe and moist.

8.Ph.piriforme L. — Bryum L.; Physcomitrium Bridel; Ph.
Drummondii Britton.

Upper leaves oblong-lanceolate not sharply acuminate, serrate
above; costa not percurrent. Capsule not or slightly strangulate
when dry; lid apiculate. — Wet earth and walls. Zur. com-
mon in lower districts. Sweden! Engl.: Rogers. France: Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

9.Ph.turbinatum Richard. — Ph. Kellermani Britton 1. c.
Upper leaves long-lanceolate sharply acuminate serrate above;
costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule. often strangulate
when dry; lid us. mamillate, sometimes short-pointed. — Amer. r.
Can.: Dearness. U. S.: com. Macoun; Boll and Brendel, com.
C. Mueller.
b. Lid of capsule convex us. mamillate.

10.Ph.megalocarpum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Upper leaves long-lanceolate sharply acuminate nearly entire
yellow-margined; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule
us. large r. slightly strangulate. — Amer. Pacif, distr. Can.:
Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

*Ph.californicum Britton 1. c.

»Leaves shorter, oblong-lanceolate sometimes not sharply
acuminate; costa not percurrent. Capsule smaller, slightly stran-
gulate. — Amer. U. S.»: Mrs Britton.

11.Ph.Langloisii Renauld et Cardot. — Ph. australe Brit-
ton |. ¢.

Differs from Ph. megalocarpum: Leaves serrate all around, not
or less distinctly yellow-margined; capsule not large, sometimes
strangulate when dry; lid sometimes apiculate. — Amer. r. U.S.:
Langlois, com. Cardot; C. Roell, com. J. Roell.
12.Ph.platyphyllum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves broad ovate-oblong: upper sharply acuminate serrate
above; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule not large,
not distinctly strangulate when unripe. — Amer. r, Can,: Flet-
cher, com, Macoun,

— 885 —

II. Pseudo-Funaria Kindb.
13.Ph.Bolenderi Lesquereux. — Entosthodon Lesq.; Sull. ic. m.;
Physcomitrium Kindb.

Leaves from subobovate base abruptly narrowed to a short
subulate acumen, nearly entire. Capsule piriform; pedicel not
long; lid convex mamillate; calyptra with very long beak. —
Clay soil r. Amer. »U. S. Calif: Bolenders: Sullivant.

146. Pyramidula Bridel.
1.P.tetragona Bridel.

Upper leaves ovate short-acuminate acute entire; cells larger
than in Pottia truncatula; costa us. excurrent. Capsule sub-
globose with short thick neck; lid short obtuse; calyptra verti-
cally splitting. Spores 0,04—0,07 m. m. Monoecious. —
Meadows princ. cloverfields in early spring. Hur. less r.
Sweden: Hartman. Germany: Huebner. Amer. r. »U. Su»:
Lesq. et Jam.

147. Discelium Bridel.
1.D.nudum Dickson. -- Bryum Dicks.; Discelium Brid.

Leaves ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate nearly hya-
line. Capsule cernuous very small; pedicel thin reddish. Pro-
tonema evolute in the autumn. Dioecious. — Wet sand viz.
by rivers r. Hur, Sweden! Norway: E. Nyman. Germany: Schem-
mann. Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.

Fam. 32. Bryacee.

148. Leucolepis Lindberg.
1.L.acanthoneura Schwegrichen. — Hypnum Schw.; Leuco-
lepis Lindb.; Bryum Menziesii Hooker; Mnium C. M.

Leaves distant long-decurrent simply serrate not limbate.
Lower leaves squamiform hyaline, orange at base, gen. long
and ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate cuspidate. Upper stem-
leaves ovate short-acuminate or filiform-pointed. Branch-leaves
ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate acute carinate; costa
dentate at back, not excurrent. Outer perichetial leaves long-
acuminate; costa long-excurrent. Capsule large Mnium-like
brown-red inclined or cernuous; pedicels Jong, often in pairs;
lid not seen. Tufts loose tomentose at base. Dioecious. —
Earth and logs in woods. Amer. Pacif. distr. r. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Howell, com. Cardot.

149. Rhizogonium Bridel.
1.R.spiniforme L. — Hypnum L.; Rhizogonium Bruch.

Lowest leaves short; the others distant long sublinear short-

— 336 —

subulate thickened at the doubly dentate margins, flexuous
when dry, nearly straight when moist; costa short-excurrent.
Outer perichetial leaves short simply dentate; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule subobovate faintly curved; lid with short red
beak; teeth brown, pale at apex; endostome yellow; cilia short-
appendiculate; pedicel subbasilar pale red very long. Tufts
tomentose below, often high. Synoecious. Aabit of Hypnacee
in capsule and its lateral pedicel. — Swamps in subtropical
districts. Amer. U. S.: Fitzgerald, com. Renauld (Cuba: Wright,
com. C. Mueller).
150. Timmia Hedwig.

A. Sheath of leaves with finally red-brown cells; costa us.
dentate at back. Dioecious.
1.T.austriaca Hedwig.

Leaves from broad sheath abruptly narrowed to the sublan-
ceolate in upper half serrate gen. obtuse and faintly involute
lamina, not or loosely appressed when dry. Capsule sulcate
when dry; cilia not appendiculate; lid apiculate. — Shaded
often dry rocks. Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
r. Can.: Macoun.
2.T.aretica Kindb. in botan. notiser 1893.

Leaves above sheath tapering to the broad-lanceolate obtuse
entire or to ‘/; faintly denticulate not much narrower and
scarcely involute lamina, impressed at both sides above sheath,
appressed when dry and not much open when moist, much
smaller than in the last; costa nearly smooth. Stems not or
loosely tufted, about 3-—4 c. m. high. Capsules unknown. —
Swamps in arctic districts r. Zur. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz
1883. Amer. »Greenl.»: Berggren.

B. Sheath of leaves with pale either hyaline or (in as
leaves) pale brown cells; costa not dentate.

a. Lower leaves short gen. obtusate. Dioecious very r. feat
ting. Tufts pale green. »Cilia not appendiculate»: Juratzka.
3.T.norvegica Zetterstedt.

Upper leaves channelled longer acuminate, entire or indistinctly
_denticulate in lower half; elder sheath-cells partly pale brown.
— Wet alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Spetsbergen: R.
Gyllencreutz. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun. 7

b. Cilia appendiculate. Leaves acuminate not short. Monoe-
cious. Tufts brown below, green above.
4.T.megapolitana Hedwig.

Leaves channelled serrate in whole lamina; nearly all broadly

— 8387 —

short-acuminate, only the uppermost long-acuminate; elder
sheath-cells pale yellowish brown. — Wet meadows and swamps
or r. on rocks, Hur. r. »Germanys: Limpricht. Amer. less r.
Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Roell.

5.T.bavarica Hessler.

Differs from the last: Nearly all leaves subconvolute serrate
in upper half; sheath-cells hyaline. — Crevices and caverns of
rocks. Hur. not r. Norway! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

151. Auwlacomnium Schwegrichen.
I. Orthopyxis. Capsule red-brown often straight; pedis!
not very long. Male flowers gemmiform. Leaf-cells rotundate
green nearly uniform. Tufts green not high. Not growing in
swamps.
Il. Gymnocybe. Capsule brown not straight; pedicel very
‘long. Male flowers discoid. Upper leaf-cells round-angular,
lowest basal larger us. brown. Tufts us. high large and yello-
wish. Dioecious. Growing in swamps.

I. Orthopyxis Palisot de Beauvois.
1. _A.androgynum L. — Mnium L.; Aulacomnium Schwagrichen.

Leaves broader below, gradually tapering and sublinear sub-
obtuse, denticulate above, recurved below to middle. Capsule
straight subcylindric; teeth pale yellow; lid conic; pedicel longish.
Often with globose pedicellate buds. Dioecious. — Rocks and
stumps prince. in lower districts. Hur. common. Sweden, Ger-
many! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.A-heterostichum Beauvois. — Orthopyxis Beauv.; Aulaco-
mnium Br. eur.

Lower leaves obovate; upper suboblong subobtuse or apicu-
late, slightly reflexed near base, serrate nearly all around.
Capsule oblong-cylindric often curved; teeth whitish; lid ro-
stellate; pedicel not long. Monoecious. — On base of trees.
Amer. eastern states. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Green, com. Cardot.

Il. Gymnocybe Abnfelt et Fries.
3.A.palustre L. — Mnium L.; Aulacomnium Schweegr.

Leaves not cucullate, serrulate above, gen. sublanceolate, very
-papillose, us. twisted when dry. Inner perichetial leaves subu-
late; costa excurrent. Capsule often curved; lid rostellate. Tufts
us. tomentose, often with pseudopodia (pedicellate buds). —
Swamps common. Eur. Sweden, Switzerl.| Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne. :

“* A.papillosum C. M. in Flora 1875.
Leaves with longer papille, long-decurrent; alar cells larger,

— 3388 —

subrectangular. Capsules unknown. — Amer. U. 8S. Colorado:
com. ©. Mueller.
* A.fasciculare Bridel. — Mnium Brid.; Aulacomnium Kindb.

Leaves smaller and shorter, entire obtuse somewhat distant.
— In alps r. Eur. »Austria»: Limpricht. Amer. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen.

* A.imbricatum Br. eur.

Leaves shorter, entire obtuse imbricate. Tufts nearly eradi-
culose. Habit of A. turgidum. — Prine. in alps, r. Eur, France:
Payot, com. Husnot. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* A.polycephalum Bridel. — Mnium Brid.; Aulacomnium Br.
eur.

Leaves more acute and nearly subulate gen. small. Capsu-
les unknown. — Eur. r. Belgium: Verheggen, com. Husnot.
4.A.turgidum Wahlenberg. — Mnium Wng; Aulacomnium
Schweegr.

Leaves cucullate above, suboblong entire obtuse imbricate
nearly smooth; costa somewhat short. Inner perichetial leaves
subacute; costa not percurrent. Capsule nearly straight; lid
not rostellate. Tufts nearly eradiculose without pseudopodia.
R. fruiting. — Humid places princ. in northern alps. Eur.
Norway not uncommon! Sweden: E. Nyman. Spetsbergen
common: R. Gyllencreutz. Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

152. Mnium Linné, in part.
I. Pseudo-Bryum. Leaf-cells elongate suboblong. Leaves
large nearly entire not distinctly limbate. Dioecious.
lI. Eu-Mnium. Leaf-cells ger. round-hexagonal except the
marginal and sometimes the inner near costa.

A. Leaves entire. limbate; outer perichetial broad not long.

1. Hymenophylloidea. Leaves small, those of decumbent
shoots distichous. Capsules unknown.

2. Punctatiformia. Leaves large not distichous; uppermost
rosulate. Lid of capsule rostrate or rostellate.

B. Leaves entire or dentate us. not limbate: outer periche-
tial long narrow sublinear. Lid of capsule convex mamillate.
Dioecious.

3. Stellariformia. Leaves bluish when moist; cells not
large.

C. Leaves simply dentate, limbate by pale cells; costa ex-
current. Outer perichetial leaves us. broad and not long. Stem
often with decumbent stolons at base.

—- 339 —

a. Leaves not linear.

4. Cuspidatiformia. Leaves gradually larger upwards not
rosulate and not undulate, us. abruptly acuminate; teeth cilii-
form; cells round-hexagonal us. not large. Lid of capsule sub-
mamillate. Us. synoecious.

5. Rosulata. Leaves us. obtuse or with short point and
gen. not undulate; teeth r. ciliiform; cells large sometimes suboval.
Upper leaves of fruiting stem rosulate. Lid of capsule mamil-
late-apiculate. Mostly dioecious.

6. Rostrata. Leaves obtuse often undulate; teeth not cilii-
form; cells small round-hexagonal. Upper leaves of fruiting
stem rosulate. Lid of capsule long-rostrate. Dioecious.

b. Leaves linear-lingulate.

7. Undulata. Leaves strongly undulate, the uppermost of
fruiting stem rosulate; cells small round-hexagonal. Lid of
capsule submamillate. Stems not tufted; shoots deflexed or
the basal ascending. Dioecious.

D. Leaves doubly dentate (r. nearly entire), limbate by
finally red cells. Outer perichetial leaves oblong-lanceolate.
Stem r. with decumbent stolons. Teaf-cells gen. not large.

8. Spinosa. Upper leaves broad; costa excurrent. Capsules
us. clustered; lid rostrate or rostellate.

9. Serrata. Upper leaves narrow; costa us. percurrent.
Capsule us. solitary; lid rostrate or apiculate.

10. Horna. Leaves long narrow; costa not percurrent.
Capsule solitary; lid mamillate. Tufts very tomentose.

I. Pseudo-Bryum Kindb.
1.M.cinclidioides M. N. Blytt.

Leaves gen. suboval obtuse; costa not excurrent. Capsule
suboval; teeth brown. Tufts loose high. — Swamps prince. in
northern distr. Eur. Norway! Sweden: M. Huss; Miss O. Cron.
Belgium: Gravet. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

If. Eu-Mnium.
1. Hymenophylloidea.
2.M.hymenophylloides Huebener.

Leaves circular or round-oval gen. obtuse, pale-limbate glau-
cous or bright green; costa not percurrent. Stem not tomen-
tose. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.
Rocky mts: Macoun.

2. Punctatiformia.

A. Leaves narrowly limbate by 1—2 pale cell-rows, short-

decurrent. Capsule broad-oval less large. Synoecious or dioecious.

— 340 —

3.M.sabglobosum Br. eur

Leaves green spathulate at least the upper; inner cells gen.
large. Inner perichetial leaves ovate subobtuse; cells oblong-
oval. Stem often tomentose. — Swamps prince. in northern
alps. Hur. not common. Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: R. Hart-
man. Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz. Amer. ry. Greenl.: Van-
hoeffen. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

-B. Leaves broadly limbate by 3—4 often red cell-rows, not
decurrent. Capsule us. large suboval. Dioecious.
4.M.punctatum Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Mnium Hedwig.

Leaves broad-oval or round-oval finally blackish or reddish;
innermost cells larger than the outer. Inner perichetial. leaves
ovate-lanceolate acuminate; cells sublinear. Stem us. tomentose.
— Wet places. Eur. common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl !
Amer. not r. Can.: J. Macoun. U.S: Wetherby. Alaska: J.
M. Macoun.
5.M.glabrescens Kindb. note on Canad. bryol. 1893.

Leaves oval-lingulate green or pale red, not nigrescent; the
uppermost suboblong or oblong-lanceolate; cells smaller than in
the last. Perichetial leaves as in M. subglobosum. Stem nearly
glabrous. Pedicel often longer than in I. punctatum. — Earth
and old logs. Amer. Pacif. distr. not uncommon. Alaska: J.
M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Dawson. U. 8. Calif.: Marshall
A. Howe.

*M.chlorophyllosum Kindb. n. subsp.

Capsule (unripe) narrowly oblong. Leaf-cells very chloro-
phyllose. Stem tomentose. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. On-
tario: Macoun.

3. Stellariformia.
6.M.stellare Reichard; Hedwig.

Leaves not or indistinctly limbate oblong-oval us. entire or the
uppermost (of fruiting stem) denticulate above; shoot-leaves of-
ten distichous. — On rocks and base of trees. Eur. not un-
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: C. E. Kindberg.
Amer. Can.: Macoun; Moser.
7.M.Blyttii Bryol. eur.

Leaves (at least on fruiting stem) red-limbate often doubly
dentate, us. larger than in the last, not distichous. R. fruiting.
— Rocks in northern alps r. Zur. Norway! Amer, Can.: Ma-
coun.

4. Cuspidatiformia.
A. Leaves crowded dentate all around, spreading when

— 341 —

moist. Capsule yellowish finally red-yellow with red mouth;
neck dark red tapering to pedicel. Sterile shoots erect often
clavate.
8.M.venustum Mitten; Sulliv. ic. m. — M. Neevii C. M.

Leaves oval or subobovate; cells small. Capsules clustered
often 4—6; endostomial membrane not perforated. — Trees
and rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Howell,
com. Cardot.

B. Leaves not crowded, entire below, patent when moist.
Capsule greenish finally brownish; neck not distinct.
9.M.cuspidatum Schreber. — Bryum Schreb.; Mnium Leysser.

Leaves suboblong long-decurrent; cells small. Capsule soli-
tary; endostomial membrane perforated; lid apiculate. Tufts
loose us. with numerous decunibent stolons. — Woods and
rocks. Hur. common in lower distr. Sweden, Germany, Italy!
Amer. Can.: Macoun.
10.M.Drummondii Bruch et Schimper; Sulliv. icon. m. — M.
submarginatum Nawaschin et Zinger.

Leaves oval or subobovate, somewhat larger than in the last
with longer teeth and larger cells. Leaves of fruiting stem
short-decurrent. Capsules us. clustered 2—38; endostomial mem-
brane. not perforated; lid mamillate or obtuse. Tufts dense, r.
with decumbent or decurved stolons. Sometimes with distinet
male flowers. — Old logs in woods. ur. r. Russia: Zinger,
com. Zickendrath. »Germany»: Milde. Amer. less yr. Can.:
Macoun. U. §&.: A. G. Wetherby.

5. Rosulata.

A. Leaf-cells gen. hexagonal-oval and seriate, at least the
inner near costa. Dioecious.
11.M.affine Blandow.

Leaves oblong-oval or narrower, dentate all around (r. entire),
us. short-decurrent; teeth us. long; nearly all inner cells suboval.
Capsules often clustered 2—3. Tufts loose. — Wet grassy
places. Eur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun. .
* M.ciliare Greville. — Bryum Grey.; Mnium Lindberg.

»Leayes with long ciliiform teeth»: C. M. syn. — Eur. »Swe-
den»: Lindberg. Amer. »U. S.»: Greville.

*M.Seligeri Juratzka et Milde.

Leaves gen. narrow and long-decurrent with short teeth.
Capsule us. solitary. Shoots erect. — Rocks. Hur. not r. Sweden!
Belgium: Gravet. Amer. »U. 8.»: Lesq. et Jam.

— 342 —

12.M.rugicum Laurer.

Leaves oblong-oval or narrower, gen. entire and short-decur-
rent; the uppermost faintly dentate and not much larger than
the lower, less distinctly rosulate; cells gen. round-hexagonal,
the innermost near costa oval. Shoot-leaves nearly entire.
Tufts loose. — Swamps r. Hur. Sweden, Norway! Germany:
Warnstorf. Amer. Can. near Ottawa and N. Labrador: Macoun.

B. Leaf-cells round-hexagonal not seriate. Often synoecious.
Leaves dentate all around, the uppermost rosulate.

a. Leaves very narrow, oblong-lanceolate acuminate; the
outer perichetial longer acuminate. Plants robust.
13.M.insigne Mitten; Sullivant icon. muscor.

Leaves long-decurrent. Capsules us. clustered 3—5; lid us.
mamillate. Stem us. with decumbent stolons. Tufts loose.
Dioecious. — Wet ground r. Amer. Can. Pacif. distr. in Brit.
Col.: Macoun.
14.M-robustum Kindb. n. sp. — M. medium * robustum Kindb.
bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves not or very short-decurrent. Synoecious. Otherwise
as the last. — Earth in bogs and woods r. Amer. Can. Vance.
is].: Macoun.

b. Leaves short broad or only the uppermost narrow.
15.M.medium Bryol. eur.

Leaves not or slightly decurrent with not ciliiform teeth:
lower oval-oblong obtuse, upper subobovate-lingulate, outer pe-
richetial short-acuminate. Capsules us. in pairs or solitary; lid
apiculate. Tufts loose. Shoots us. erect. Plants robust. Synoe-
cious. — Wet rocks and woods. Eur. not common. Sweden,
Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler. Amer. r. Can. Prince Edw. isl.:
Macoun.

*M.boreale Kindb. n. subsp.

Pedicel and stem very much shorter; leaves and capsules
smaller. Leaves not decurrent. Capsule gen. solitary and
straight; lid convex sometimes mamillate. Tufts dense. —
Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!

*M.curvatulum Lindberg. — Astrophyllum Lindb.; Mnium
Limpr.

»Capsules clustered oblong-cylindric curved very wide-mouthed,
smaller and shorter than in Jf. medium; lid depressed semi-
globose conic not mauillate. Stems not tufted. Synoecious.
— Alp. rocks r. Hur. Sweden in Lapland: Hj. Holmgren»:
Lindb. musci scand.

— 843 —

16.M.areticum Kindb. in Biblioth. botan. 42 (1897).

Lower leaves decurrent with long ciliiform teeth, oblong
obtuse; the uppermost oblong-lanceolate short-acuminate acute;
outer perichetial ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate acute. Cap-
sule solitary small (as in M. cuspidatum) suboval; pedicel not
long. Tufts loose, about 2 c. m. high. Shoots erect. Dioe-
cious. Habit of M. cuspidatum. — Arctic district r. Amer.
Greenl. Karajak-Nunatak: Vanhoeffen.

6. Rostrata.
17.M.rostratum Schrader.

Leaves not or slightly decurrent: lower small rotundate or
broad-oval; upper oval or broadly obovate obtuse, entire below.
Capsules yellowish often clustered. Tufts loose. — Rocks
and stonewalls. Hur. not r. in lower distr. Sweden, Switzerl.|
Amer, Can. not uncommon: Macoun.

7. Undulata.
18.M.undulatum Weis.

Leaves decurrent obtuse dentate all around. Capsules often
clustered. — Wet woods in lower distr. Hur. nearly common.
Sweden|; J. Persson, Denmark: M. F. Lange. Greece: Heldreich.

8. Spinosa.
19.M.spinosum Voit. —- Bryum Voit; Mnium Schweegrichen.

Leaves curled when dry: upper subobovate; inner perichetial
us. doubly dentate limbate. Tufts dark green loosely cohering.
Dioecious. — Earth and rocks in woods, sometimes in alps.
Eur. not uncommon. Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.
20.M.spinulosum Bryol. eur.

Leaves not or slightly curled: upper subobovate; inner peri-
chetial us. simply dentate and not limbate. Tufts bright green
densely cohering. Synoecious. — Base of trees. Zur. r. Austria:
Schimper. France: Husnot. Germany: Progel. Amer. not r.
Can.: Macoun; Dawson.

*M.macrociliare C. M. et Kindb. lL. c.

Leaves dark-green smaller; teeth more ciliiform, sometimes

simple. Capsule solitary. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
9. Serrata.

A. Synoecious or paroecious without special male plants.
Stem us. radiculose between lower leaves.
21.M.marginatum Dickson. — Bryum Dicks. 1790; Mnium
Beauvoise; M. serratum Schrader ? (1791); Br. eur.

Leaves long-decurrent; costa scarcely percurrent. Upper

— 344 —

stem-leaves suboblong subobtuse short-acuminate, dentate above
middle; lower leaves oval obtuse entire; shoot-leaves also entire.
Capsule oval-oblong not strangulate, with not or slightly dilated.
mouth; lid rostellate or apiculate; teeth brownish. Tufts green
or finally brownish green us. dense, often high. — On earth.
Eur. common. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.
22.M.Niagarz Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves gen. indistinctly decurrent. Upper stem-leaves lanceo-
late acuminate dentate to below middle, crowded and not de-
current; costa excurrent. Lower leaves oblong acute more or
less dentate. Upper shoot-leaves also dentate. Capsule cylin-
dric-fusiform strangulate wide-mouthed; lid obliquely rostrate;
teeth yellow. Tufts loose dark green. — On earth under trees
near water r. Amer. Can. Niagara: Macoun.

B. Dioecious (with separate male plants). Stem gen. not
radiculose between leaves. Upper leaves us. dentate all around.

a. Leaves crisped (princ. on long us. decumbent stolons),
gradually larger upwards on fertile stem; costa not excurrent.
23.M.riparium Mitten. — M. ambiguum H. Mueller.

Leaves oval-oblong subobtuse, dentate all around, often crow-
ded and not decurrent on fertile stem; shoot-leaves small distant
us. long-decurrent; cells larger than in A. orthorhynchum. Cap-
sule straight oblong-oval; teeth pale; lid rostellate. Stem not
high. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Sweden: E. Ny-
man. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
24.M.umbratile Mitten; Sullivant icon. m.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate very distant and long-
decurrent. Capsule curved suboblong large often with long
neck; teeth yellow; lid apiculate; pedicel often very long. —
Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves faintly curled. Stem without decumbent stolons.

aa. Leaves distant long-decurrent. Tufts loose us. high.
25.M.lycopodioides Hooker. —- Bryum Hook.; Mnium Schweegr.

Leaves lanceolate-acuminate gradually larger upwards; costa
gen. excurrent. Capsule curved suboblong, larger than in M.
orthorhynchum; teeth dark yellow or pale brown; lid rostellate.
— Wet alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl. near Spluegen! (Asia, Sikkim:
Wichura, com. Mus. Berolin.).
26.M.decurrens C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Lower leaves small oval-oblong; upper suddenly larger, lan-
ceolate acute less distant; costa not excurrent. Capsule straight
suboval; teeth dark yellow; lid apiculate. Stem often very

— 345 —

high. — Wet alp. rocks r. Amer. Can.: Brit. Col.: Macoun.
U. S.: Roell.

bb. Upper leaves nearly crowded and not or shortly decur-
rent, Leaves gradually larger upwards. Tufts often low.
27.M.orthorhynchum Bridel. ,

Lower leaves suboval, upper suboblong gen. acute; costa not
excurrent, us. dentate at back. Capsule straight suboval; teeth
pale; lid rostellate. Tufts us. dense. Rocks prince. in alps.
— Eur. not r. Norway, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.
28.M.inclinatum Lindberg.

Differs from the last princ. in shorter and smaller leaves;
the lower rotundate or broad-ovate, the upper suboval subob-
tuse. Capsule curved suboblong; teeth yellow; lid apiculate.
Tufts often loose. R. fruiting. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Drummond; Macoun. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
29.M.pseudo-lycopodioides C. M. et Kindb. J. c. — M. lyco-
podioides Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves as in M. orthorhynchum but gen. obtuse and more
curled; costa not dentate, often excurrent. Capsule curved with
distinct neck; teeth pale; lid rostellate. Tufts loose not high.
— Base of trees in swamps r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

10. Horna.
30.M.hornum L.

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, not or scar-
cely decurrent. Capsule oblong or suboval; teeth pale. Tufts
often high. Dioecious. — Rocks and woods. Hur. gen.. com-
roon. Sweden, Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

153. Roellia Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.
1.R.lucida Britton. — Bryum Britt.; Roellia Kindb.; Mnium
Brotherus in Hedwigia 18938; M. Roellii Broth. in Bot. Central-
blatt 1890.

Lower leaves distant ovate acute long-decurrent entire not
limbate; upper crowded not decurrent, subspathulate with short
often twisted acumen, serrate in upper third, faintly reflexed
below, limbate by 2 narrow cellrows; upper cells oval-oblong,
lower oblong or narrower; costa abbreviate or short-excurrent.
Comal leaves oblong-lingulate. Perichetial leaves erect, shorter
and much narrower, long-acuminate: inner nearly entire, neither
limbate nor reflexed. Capsule long subcylindric pale rufous
not. constricted; teeth yellow; lid high-conic short-apiculate pale;
pedicel very long, irregularly curved or geniculate. Tufts green.

23

— 346 —

— Near cascades in alp. regions r. Amer. U. 8. Oregon 2100
metr. a. s.: J. Roell, com. Brotherus; Idaho 1350 metr. a. s.:
Leiberg, com. Mrs E. G. Britton.

2.R.simplex Kindb. — Bryum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.; Mnium
(Roellia) Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Nearly allied to the last but well-distinct. Differs from it:
Leaves smaller, crowded and not decurrent. Comal leaves
shorter, oval-spathulate. Shoot-leaves nearly similar, more
numerous and not distant, not or indistinctly limbate. Capsule
constricted below the wide mouth; lid obtuse. Endostome
hyaline, cilia not appendiculate, spores small, as in the last.
— Alp. regions r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col., Gold Range 2100
metr. a. s., Vane. isl. (mt Benson): Macoun.

154. Rhodobryum (Schimper, as subgenus) Limpricht.
1.R.roseum Weis. — Mnium Weis; Rhodobryum Limpricht;
Bryum proliferum (L. as var.) Sibthorp; Lindb.; Braithwaite.

Comal leaves suboblong or broadly lingulate, obtusate acute
or abruptly broad-apiculate, serrate above middle, revolute be-
low it; costa gradually narrower, not excurrent. Capsule red-
brown subsymmetric nearly straight; neck short not or slightly
curved; lid conic or subconvex mamillate; archegonia 5—6;
pedicels often clustered. — Wet places in woods in lower districts.
Eur. nearly common. Sweden, Switzerl.!
2.R.ontariense Kindb. — Bryum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Comal leaves lingulate abruptly short-acuminate, much more
numerous than in the last, dentate with large confluent often
yellowish teeth above to 1/, or '/,, revolute below the dentate
part; costa stout excurrent. Capsule pale brown asymmetric;
neck curved half as long; lid convex short-apiculate; archegonia
numerous; pedice] us. solitary. Dioecious as the last. — Old
logs and limestone rocks. Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun; Moser.
U. 8.: Wetherby; Roell; Marshall A. Howe.

155. Bryum L.; Hedwig.

A. Perichetial leaves few, not much differing from the other
upper ones. — Leaves gen. entire or faintly denticulate with
few teeth, often limbate; upper cells us. rhcmboidal; costa often
excurrent.

a. Cilia of endostome mostly appendiculate. Spores small,
about 0,01 m. m., r. nearly 0,02 m. m. Capsule r. oblique.

aa. Capsule thin-walled. Upper leaves setaceous; costa broad.
I. Leptobryum. Capsule with long downwards narrowed
neck, very nitid (vernicose). Leaves not limbate; cells sublinear.,.
Stems not julaceous.

— 347 —

bb. Capsule thick-walled. Leaves not setaceous; costa narrow.

IT. Eu-Bryum. Capsule with distinct, already before sporosis
downwards narrowed neck. Leaves often limbate; costa often
excurrent. Stems r. julaceous.
Il. Pachylophus. Capsule with very short and thick, before
sporosis not narrowed and often indistinct neck. Leaves not
limbate, gen. reddish at insertion; costa not often excurrent.
Stems mostly julaceous. Us. dioecious.

b. Cilia gen. smooth, r. appendiculate. Spores gen. large,
about 0,08—0,04 m. m., r. smaller (about 0,02 m. m.) Cap-
sule not r. oblique.

IV. Cladodium. Capsule gen. with distinct narrowed neck.
Leaves mostly limbate; costa us. excurrent.

B. Perichetial leaves well-defined gen. numerous. — Leaves
gen. denticulate with numerous teeth, r. (in Epipterygium) lim-
bate; costa gen. not excurrent. Capsule narrowly necked, not
oblique; cilia very r, (in Webera) appendiculate; spores gen. small.

a. Endostomial segments broad; cilia us. long.

V. Webera. Leaves not limbate, us. denticulate; cells us.
narrow; costa sometimes short-excurrent.

VI. Epipterygium. Leaves broadly reddish limbate, entire,
the larger us. distichous; cells dilated; costa abbreviate.

b. Endostomial segments somewhat narrow; cilia short or
rudimentary.

VII. Pohlia*). Perichetial leaves sublinear-lanceolate narrowly
acuminate acute. Leaves not limbate; upper cells gen. very
narrow.

Eu-Bryum.

A. Basal leaf-cells not (or very pale) red. Capsule brown.
Leaves gen. entire. Dioecious.

1. Julacea. Leaves crowded small green us. shining, gen.
neither limbate nor reflexed; cells mostly very narrow; costa
not or scarcely excurrent. Capsule not oblique. Stems julaceous.
R. fruiting.

2. Speirophylla. Leaves more or less distant, often red,
not shining, sometimes reflexed or limbate; cells dilated; costa
sometimes excurrent, Capsule straight or (sometimes in B. padlens)
oblique. Stems not julaceous.

B. Basal leaf-cells (at insertion of elder leaves) us. deep-red.

*) This section could be related as a proper genus to fam. Meeseacee,
allied to Plagiobryum and Orthodontium.

— 348 —

a. Capsule gen. red, r. brown. Leaves broader at base,
without hairpoint, r. limbate.

3. Erythrocarpa. Leaves often serrulate above; costa thin
excurrent. Capsule mostly red. Tufts small us. loose. Dioecious
or r. monoecious.

4, Alpiniformia. Leaves gen. entire; costa somewhat thick,
gen. not (r. shortly) excurrent. Tufts large and dense. Us.
dioecious.

b. Capsule brown or red-brown. Leaves gen. with a by
costa not formed hairpoint, often entire; the lower of stem or
the upper of shoots often broader above middle.

5. Trichophora. Leaves us. limbate; costa often abbreviate.
Capsule gen. subclavate. Dioecious or r. synoecious. Tufts
often large and dense.

c. Capsule brown. Leaves broader at base, without hair-
point, entire or denticulate; costa us. excurrent. Dioecious or
sometimes synoecious.

6. Bimiformia. Leaves gen. broadly limbate and large,
sometimes denticulate, often distant. Stem distinct us. high.

7. Cespiticia. Leaves not or very narrowly limbate, gen.
entire and not large, crowded. Stem distinct gen. not high.

8. Gemmiformia. Leaves not or narrowly limbate, small
entire crowded. Stem very short with gemmiform shoots. Cilia
of endostome sometimes not appendiculate.

Pachylophus.

A. Plants small with small leaves. Tufts low.

1. Argenteiformia. Capsule often red; neck finally narrowed.
Costa of leaves subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Stems julaceous.

2. Versicoloriformia. Capsule us. (finally) red; neck us.
not narrowed. Costa of leaves long-excurrent. Stems r. julaceous.

B. Plants large with large leaves.

3. Zonatiformia. Capsule yellowish; neck finally narrowed.
Costa of leaves gen. subpercurrent. Stems not julaceous, us.
very tomentose.

Cladodium.

A. Leaves not (or very faintly) red at insertion. Tufts mostly
loose.

a. Capsule and peristomial teeth red. Leaves not limbate.

1. Erythrodontia, Capsule short-necked, not oblique. Mon-
oecious.

b. Capsule and peristomial teeth brownish or yellowish.
Leaves gen. limbate.

— 349 —

2. Arcticiformia. Capsule gen. not longer than neck, often
oblique; teeth short; endostome more or less adhering. Us. syn-
oecious. Leaves gen. entire.

3. Cernuiformia. Capsule not longer than neck, us. oblique;
teeth long; endostome gen. not adhering. Us. monoecious.
Leaves us. denticulate above.

4. Purpurascentiformia. Capsule gen. longer than neck,
not oblique. Often monoecious.

B. Leaves dark red at insertion (at least in elder leaves).
Peristomial teeth brownish or yellowish.

a. Capsule red. Tufts loose.

5. Calophylloidea. Capsule very short-necked. Monoecious.

b. Capsule brownish or yellowish. Tufts gen. dense.

6. Penduliformia. Capsule gen. longer than neck, not
oblique. Us. synoecious, r. dioecious or monoecious. Leaves
gen. not decurrent.

7. Rutilantiformia. Capsule gen. not longer than neck,
oblique. Us. dioecious, r. monoecious. Leaves decurrent distant.

Webera.

A. Perichetial leaves sublinear-lanceolate narrowly acuminate
acute, longish. Other leaves r. decurrent.

1. Crudiformia. Capsule indistinctly necked before sporosis,
finally not much longer than neck, often yellowish brown, gen.
not pendent; pedicel long. Leaves often somewhat large; upper
cells very narrow.

2. Nutantiformia. Capsule distinctly necked also before
sporosis, not much longer than neck, brownish (or partly red-
dish) and somewhat narrow, pendent; cilia sometimes appendi-
culate. Leaves often distant; upper cells sometimes dilated.

3. Pulchelliformia. Capsule more or less distinctly necked
before sporosis, gen. much longer than neck, often pendent and
appressed to pedicel, sometimes reddish. Leaves small us. distant.
Stem short. Dioecious.

B. Perichetial leaves shortish, oblong-lanceolate acute broadly
acuminate or obtuse. Other leaves gen. decurrent; cells not r.
dilated.

4, Cucullatiformia. Male flowers gemmiform, Capsule
brownish annulate. Leaves green us. short.

5. Albicantiformia. Male flowers discoid. Capsule red-
dish not annulate. Leaves us. long, often glaucous green,

— 350 —

I. Leptobryum Br. eur.
1.B.piriforme L. — Mnium L.; Bryum Wiggers.

Capsule piriform or round-oval, chestnut-colored; neck long;
lid small; annulus revoluble; teeth pale yellow; pedicel long.
Tufts us. 1—2 c. m. high. Resembles somewhat Dicranella
heteromalla in habit. — Stone-walls and rocks nearly common.
Eur. Sweden ete.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: com. Cardot.

I. Eu-Bryum.
1. Julacea (Anomobryum Schimper).

A. Leaves obtusate obtuse, us. shining when dry.
2.B.filiforme Dickson. — Anomobryum julaceum Schimp.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, very concave, gen. entire; up-
per cells narrow; costa not percurrent. Capsule suboblong.
Stems longish, tufted. — Sandy soil in alps r. Eur. Switzerl.|
Austria: Schimper.

B. Leaves short-acuminate or apiculate (or some ones obtuse).

a. Leaves of the short fruiting stem reflexed, sublimbate,
not shining; costa percurrent.
3.B.bullatum C. Mueller.

Leaves broad-ovate or ovate, entire; cells narrow. Capsule
small oblong-piriform yellowish pendent; cilia appendiculate.
Tufts loose; shoots and male plants longish. Habit of the last.
— Amer. r. Can., Selkirk mts: Macoun 1890. »Alaska»: C. M.

b. Leaves neither reflexed nor limbate, us. shining; costa
subpercurrent or (in B. juliforme) abbreviate.
4.B.juliforme C. Solms Laubach. — Anomobryum Solms;
Bryum Schimper.

Leaves ovate-oblong, denticulate near apex; upper cells nar-
row; costa short. Capsule claviform. Tufts about 1 ¢. m. high.
— Rocks r. Hur. Italy: Bottini; Arcangeli. Norway: Hagen.
5.B.sericeum Lacroix. — B. leptostomum Schimp.

Leaves suboval entire: those of shoots often obtuse; upper
cells oblong-lanceolate. Capsule suboblong; »peristome rudi-
mentary»: Limpricht. Stem us. very low when barren, some-
times 1 c. m. high in fruiting state. — Wet rocks r. Eur.
France: Berthoumieu; Lamy, com. Husnot.
6.B.concinnatum Spruce.

Leaves ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, gen. entire; upper
cells often rhomboidal. Capsules unknown. Stems longish,
often mixed in other moss-tufts, sometimes with greenish bul-
billi. Often silver-glossy when dry. — Rocks princ. in alps r,
Eur. Norway, Switzerl.| »Amer.»: Lq. et Jam.

— 851 —

7.B.Geheebii C. Mueller.

»Leaves broad-ovate obtusely short-acuminate; upper cells
rhombic. Capsules unknown. Stem with bulbilli. Tufts 3 c. m.
high. Habit of the last. — Wet rocks r. Eur. Switzerland»:
Limpricht.

*B.Combe Notaris.

»Leaves ovate-oblong obtusely short-acuminate; upper cells
oblong-oval or rhomboidal, Capsules unknown. Tufts 1 c. m.
high. -— Eur. ry. Sardinia island: Comba»: Limpricht.

2. Speirophylla.

A. Leaves finally rose-red, loosely disposed, gen. not lim-
bate. Capsule not oblique, longer than neck.

a. Leaves long-decurrent; costa not excurrent.
8.B.Duvalii Voit. — B. lato-decurrens C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves not reflexed, ovate-oblong acute or apiculate. Cap-
sule brown strangulate; pedicel often very long. Stems often
long and loosely tufted. Not often fruiting. — Swamps also
in alps. Hur. not uncommon. Norway! Amer. Can.: Macoun;
Moser.
9.B.obtusifolium Lindberg.

Leaves reflexed, gen. broad-ovate obtuse, r. subacute. Ripe
capsules not found; pedicel not long. Tufts us. dense and not
high. — Northern alps near perennial snow r. Eur. Norway!
Sweden: E. Nyman. Spetsbergen: Berggren; Gyllencreutz. Amer.
Alaska: Palmer (fertile).
10.B.pygmeo-alpinum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves not reflexed, gen. broad-ovate obtuse, less loosely
disposed. Capsules unknown. — Wet rocks in alp. region r.
Amer. Can., Vane. isl. 1700 metr. a. s.: Macoun.

b. Leaves gen. not decurrent; costa sometimes excurrent.
11.B.erythrophyllum Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves (at least the lower) reflexed, subovate scarcely api-
culate; cells subrhombic; costa percurrent. Capsule brown sub-
oblong finally strangulate. Tufts loose. —- Wet earth r. Amer.
Can.: Macoun. Alaska: Palmer.
12.B.erythrophylloides Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves diversiform, not reflexed: uppermost oblong-lanceolate
somewhat long-acuminate with narrower cells and short-excur-
rent costa; middle leaves ovate-oblong acute with subrhombic
cells and percurrent costa; the lowest ovate-oval subobtuse.
Capsules unknown. Tufts loose. — By springs r. Amer. Can,:
Macoun.

— 352 =

* B.Gaspeanum Kindb. 1. ec.

Nearly all leaves narrow: uppermost short-decurrent, lower
sublimbate: costa sometimes long-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
— Wet rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
13.B.alpiniforme Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves not reflexed, ovate-oblong short-acuminate or apiculate;
cells subrhombic; costa gen. short-excurrent. Capsules unknown.
Tufts somewhat dense. — Rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

B. Leaves us. red, gen. not much distant, limbate; costa
percurrent or short-excurrent; shoot-leaves us. decurrent. Cap-
sule shorter than neck, not or indistinctly constricted below
mouth, often oblique.
14.B.pallens Swartz.

Leaves us. reflexed to above middle, ovate-oblong or subob-
ovate, acute or acuminate, entire or nearly so, brownish or
yellow limbate, somewhat twisted when dry. Capsule us. oblique
with often curved neck; teeth yellow; endostome nearly orange;
lid mamillate; cilia sometimes not appendiculate; spores r. large.
Stem us. low (about 1 c. m.) and sparingly radiculose near
base. Tufts loose. Easily confounded with B. arcticum. —
Moist earth, sometimes on stone-walls, often in alps. ur.
common, Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
* B.rufescens Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves very distant, entire, faintly or not reflexed, spreading
when dry. Tufts dense rufescent 6—8 c. m. high. Capsules
unknown. — Alp. districts r. Hur. Norway, near Kongswold!
* B.fallax Milde.

Leaves scarcely reflexed, oval-ovate narrowly limbate us. not
red; costa gen. percurrent. Capsule us. not oblique; lid api-
culate; cilia not appendiculate. Tufts low less loose. — Wet
rocks prince. in higher alp. region r. Hur. Norway! France:
Boulay. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

* B.baldense Venturi.

»Capsule symmetric; cilia not appendiculate. Costa of leaves
gen. abbreviate. — Calcareous alp. rocks r. Hur. Austria»: Vent.

C. Leaves us. greenish, more or less loosely disposed. Cap-
sule strangulate, not oblique.

a. Leaves obtuse; costa abbreviate.
15.B.cyclophyllum Schwegrichen. — Mnium Schw.; Bryum B. E.

Leaves not distinctly limbate, round-oval or broadly obovate,
loosely disposed, not distinctly decurrent, not or scarcely re-
flexed. Capsule brown-yellow; neck short. Stems not or loosely

— 353 —

tufted, often long. Very r. fruiting. — Wet places prine. be-
low alps r. Eur. Sweden: R. Hartman. Finl.: Brotherus. France:
Boulay. Aimer. Can.: Macoun. Greenl.: Berggren.

b. Leaves gen. acute (in B. Schleicheri *latifolium mostly ob-
tuse); costa percurrent or short-excurrent. R. fruiting. Male
flowers subdisciform.
16.B.turbinatum Hedwig.

Leaves indistinctly or very narrowly Jimbate, not imbricate
when dry, carinate; upper cells rhomboidal. Stem-leaves ovate-
lanceolate, reflexed below, gen. not decurrent. Capsule long-
necked; teeth yellow, segments paler; lid apiculate. Tufts us.
tomentose, often high. — Wet places also in alps. Hur. not
common. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Schimper. Eng-
land: Rogers. Amer. ry. Can.: Macoun.
17.B.Schleicheri Schwegrichen.

Differs from the last: Leaves shorter, ovate-oblong concave,
gen. broadly limbate and decurrent; upper cells often subrhom-
bic. Capsule larger, short-necked; seginents nearly orange; lid
conic. Tufts sparingly radiculose. — Wet places in alp. region
prince. in southern districts. Eur. Switzerl., Norway! Austria:
Breidler. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* B.latifolium Schleicher. — Mnium Schl.; Bryum Bridel.

Leaves larger, subovate gen. obtuse, often partly reddish. —
In higher alp. region r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi. Greece:
Heldreich. France: Husnot. Scotl.: Holt.
18.B.grandirete Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves acute not limbate, imbricate when dry, ovate or broad-
ovate, not or scarcely acuminate, loosely disposed and short-
decurrent; cells very large: upper subrhombic; costa percurrent.
Capsules unknown. Tufts sparingly radiculose, red-brown below,
yellowish green above, not high. — In alpsr. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

3. Erythrocarpa.

A. Leaves not limbate.

a. Capsule strangulate turbinate. Dioecious.
19.B.Klinggreffii Schimper. — »B. constrictum Bruch mecr.»
Husnot.

Leaves small entire, reflexed below: uppermost ovate-lance-
olate; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Tufts loose green. —
Earth and stone-walls r. Hur. Switzerl.! Germany: Milde,
Sweden: Groenwall.

b. Capsule not strangulate,

— 854 —

aa. Capsule thick short-piriform. Monoecious.
20.B.Sauteri Bryol. eur.

Leaves entire narrowly ovate-oblong not reflexed; costa long-
excurrent. Tufts reddish green or brownish, — Wet sand by
alp. rivulets r. Hur. Austria: Gander.

bb. Capsule gen. narrow. Dioecious
21.B.erythrocarpum Schwegrichen.

Leaves narrow serrulate above, reflexed below middle, often
decurrent; the uppermost with excurrent costa. Tufts yellowish
green. Often with red bud-like propagula. — Sandy places
princ. below alps. Hur. not uncommon. Sweden, Switzerl.!
Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
22.B.murale Wilson.

Leaves ovate-oblong not reHexed gen. entire, not decurrent;
costa excurrent. Tufts yellowish green, or reddish below. —
Stone-walls and rocks in lower distr. r. Hur. Switzerl.! Greece:
Heldreich. France: Le Jolis.

B. Leaves limbate. Capsule not strangulate. Dioecious.

a. Leaves serrulate above. Capsule narrow.
23.B.marginatum Bryol. eur.; Husnot m. gall.

Leaves ovate-oblong not reflexed; costa subpercurrent. Tufts
dense brown-red. — Sandstone rocks r. Eur. »Germany: Bruch»:
Schimper.
24.B.Bomanssonii Lindberg.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed below; costa long-excurrent.
Tufts brown loose. — Eur. r. Fin].: Bomansson, com. Brotherus.

b. Leaves nearly entire, not distinctly reflexed. Capsule
sometimes thick.
25.B.rubens Mitten; Braithwaite brit. mossfl.

Leaves ovate-oval; costa excurrent. Capsule narrow; lid api-
culate. Tufts somewhat loose yellowish green, or reddish below.
— On ground r. Eur. »Engl.»: Braithwaite.
26.B.micro-erythrocarpum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves ovate-oblong; costa gen. subpercurrent. Capsule thick
piriform; lid rostellate. Tufts dense finally rufescent. — Wet
gravel near water. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

4. Alpiniformia.

A. Leaves distinctly limbate (at least the lower) and reflexed;
costa gen. percurrent.

a. Leaves obtusate subobtuse; the lower broadly recurved
and limbate; the uppermost not limbate and nearly flat. Cap-
sules unknown.

—- 855 —

27.B.percurrentinerve Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves somewhat large, not distinctly decurrent, nearly ap-
pressed when dry; upper cells oblong-oval. Lower leaves sub-
ovate finally red; uppermost green glomerate oval or oval-oblong.
Tufts about 2 c. m. high. — Dripping rocks near a waterfall y.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Leaves (at least the upper) acute, all narrowly reflexed
and limbate.

aa. Leaf-cells red also those of the limb.

28.B.hematophyllum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves very small, scarcely twisted; upper cells subrhombic.
Lower leaves oval-ovate subobtuse; uppermost suboblong acute
with short-excurrent costa. Capsule (unripe) small oblong-obovate;
lid convex short-apiculate; pedicel thin short. Tufts about 1
ce. m. high. — Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts and Anti-
costi: Macoun.

29.B.anoéctangiaceum C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

Differs from the last: Nearly all Jeaves acute more distinctly
acuminate, less distinctly reflexed and limbate, less* crowded
and spirally twisted when dry. Capsules unknown. Tufts
scarcely 2 c. m. high. — Rocks by torrents r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

bb. Leaf-cells not red.

30.B.hematocarpum C. M. et Kindb. 1.

Leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, slightly corrugate and not or
loosely appressed when dry: those of branches distant decurrent.
Capsule blood-red not constricted; endostome orange; segments
short; cilia often indistinctly appendiculate; pedicel 2—5 c. m.
long. Tufts tomentose about 5 c. m. high. — Damp rocks r.
Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves not or indistinctly limbate.

a. Leaves gen. broadly recurved all around or to above
middle, not decurrent; costa us. red. ‘

aa. Costa of leaves gen, excurrent.
31.B.acieulinum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acute recurved nearly all around,
nearly appressed when dry; upper cells oblong-rhomboidal, lower
basal near costa deep-red numerous. Capsule brown; teeth pale.
— In alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1250 metr. a. sea;
Macoun.

bb. Costa of leaves gen. percurrent.

— 356 —

32.B.alpinum Hudson.

Leaves nearly appressed not twisted when dry, us. ovate-
oblong or ovate-lanceolate acute and recurved to above middle;
upper. cells us. narrow. Capsule blood-red not or faintly con-
stricted. Tufts often copper glossv. — Wet rocks. Hur. not
uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. »U. 8S. White
mts»: James.

* B.meridionale Schimper.

Leaves narrower with narrow cells; the uppermost often with
short-excurrent costa. — Hur. southern distr. r. Spain, Portu-
gal: Levier.

*B.appressum Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 66.

Capsule brown. Leaves narrow, lanceolate short-acuminate
acute or obtuse, recurved all around, more strongly appressed
when dry, gen. not red at base; costa not red. Tufts sparingly
radiculose not glossy. Amer. r. U. 8. Washington: Roell.
*B.gemmiparum Notaris.

Leaves us. green and not glossy, sublimbate by one row of
narrowen cells, less recurved and less appressed, gen. subobtuse:
uppermost often denticulate near apex; costa not red. Capsule
red-brown. Very r. fruiting. — Wet rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.!
Italy: Bottini. Belgium: Delogne.
33.B.Muehlenbeckii Br. eur. — B. alpinum var. brevifolium
Mpyrin; B. brevifolium Lindb.; B rubicundulum C. M. et Kindb. Lc.

Differs from B. alpinum: Leaves gen. euboblong obtusate or
obtuse, often recurved nearly all around; upper cells more dilated.
Capsule sometimes brown (but often blood-red). Tufts not
glossy. — Dripping rocks. ur. less r. Norway! Sweden: Ar-
nell; P. Olsson. Switzerl.: Culmann. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun;
Waghorne.
34.B.Raui Austin.

Leaves very much twisted when dry, subovate broadly ob-
tusate subobtuse, strongly recurved all around; cells subrhombic,
the lowest near base deep-red numerous; costa r. but shortly
excurrent. Capsule pale brown subclavate strangulate; neck
longer. Tufts very tomentose, green above, not glossy. — Wet
rocks r. Amer, Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun Canad. musci n. 480.

b. Leaves not or slightly reflexed.

aa. Leaves small and green, more or less twisted when dry.
35.B.flagellosum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves gen. ovate; cells subrhombic; costa sometimes short-
excurrent. Uppermost leaves and those of flagelliform shoots

— 357 —

ovate-oblong. Capsule brown oblong-piriform faintly constricted,
smaller and shorter than in the last; neck short. Tufts dense
tomentose. Habit of B. cespiticiwum. — Amer. r, Can. Rocky
mts: Macoun.

bb. Leaves not twisted, more or less strongly appressed
when dry, large and mostly reddish.
36.B.Mildei Juratzka.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong acute sometimes denticulate near
apex; cells oblong-rhomboidal; costa green or brown-yellow not
r. short-excurrent. Capsule reddish yellow finally brown. Tufts
green us. silky or golden glossy, often very large. Very r. frui-
ting. — Earth and stones r. Eur. Switzerll; Philibert. Belgium:
Roemer.
37.B.Atwateri# C. Mueller.

Leaves gen. arrounded at apex, not r. short-decurrent; lower
cells red; costa not excurrent, finally crimson-red. Stem-leaves
suboblong; cells oblong-lanceolate. Branch-leaves crimson-red
gen. suboval with oblong-oval cells, sometimes narrower with
narrower cells. Capsule us. red, not strangulate. Tufts 3—5
ce. m. high, us. red not glossy. —- Wet rocks r. Amer. princ.
in Pacif. distr: Macoun. U. §.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
38.B.miniatum Lesquereux.

Differs from the last: Leaves not decurrent, often green or brown;
cells suboblong; costa green or at base red. Capsule smaller.
— Wet rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 1800 metr. a. sea; N.
Foundl.: Waghorne.
39.B.capitellatum C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Uppermost leaves suboblong subacute not arrounded at apex;
cells somewhat narrow; costa green percurrent. Lowest leaves
small oval round-obiuse distant finally reddish; costa red not
percurrent. Tufts low golden glossy above or green. Capsules
unknown. —- Wet rocks near Pacific sea r. Amer. Can. Vance.
isl.: Macoun.
40.B.corsicum Kindb. n. sp. in litt. ad Levier.

Leaves flaccid pale red entire subobtuse, not distinctly reflexed,
not densely appressed when dry; upper cells wide, the others
somewhat narrow; costa pale red or yellowish not excurrent.
Stem-leaves crowded ovate-oblong; branch-leaves suboblong di-
stant decurrent. Capsules unknown. Tufts high. — Eur. r.
Corsica: E. Levier. ;

5. Trichophora.

A. Leaves distinctly limbate.

— 358 —

a. Leaves, princ. the lower of stem, gen. sublingulate with
long narrow base, us. obtusate; basal short-rectangular, upper
rhomboidal. Us. dioecious.
41.B.eapillare L.

Leaves gen. broad-limbate nearly entire and crowded, twisted
when dry, us. green; limb us. yellowish. Capsule us. red-brown.
— On dry stones and old roofs prince. in lower districts. Eur.
common. Sweden, Germany, Switzerl. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq.
et Jam.

* B.torquescens Bruch.

Leaves dark-green or brownish, more acuminate. Capsule
dark brown. Sometimes synoecious or monoecious. — Eur. r.
Germany, Switzerl.! France: Philibert. Engl: Holt. Greece:
Orphanides. »Amer.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* B.restitutum Notaris.

Leaves finally brown-red, entire obtuse; limb brown. Capsule
dark brown. — Eur, r. Switzerl. near Lugano! »Italy near
Como»: Notaris.

* B.ruraliforme Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves brown-red strongly dentate subacute; limb brown.
Shoot-leaves sometimes decurrent. Capsules unknown. Habit
of Barbula ruralis. — Amer. ry. Can. Vance. isl: Macoun 1893.
* B.erythroloma Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves purplish red acute nearly entire; limb rose-red. —
Amer. ry. Can. Vance. isl: Macoun 1892.

* B.Haistii Schimper.

»Leaves small entire finally red; awn reddish. — Stone-walls r.
Eur, Switzerl.»: Schimper.
42.B.speirophyllum Kindb. bull. soc. bot. ital. 1895.

Differs from B. capillare: Leaves narrowly limbate distant
decurrent gen. entire, flaccid when moist, corrugate not twisted
when dry. — Moist rocks. Hur. Sweden, Switzerl.! Amer.
Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

b. Leaves, princ. those of stem, subovate-lanceolate with
not or slightly narrowed base, often acuminate, not or slightly
twisted when dry; basal cells short-rectangular, upper rhom-
boidal. Dioecious.
43.B.Donii Greville.

Leaves nearly crowded and not decurrent, us. denticulate
and broadly limbate. Upper shoot-leaves often rosulate. Cap-
sule often very large. Tufts green or brown. — Dry stones
in warmer distr. r. Eur. Italy: Levier; Arcangeli. Greece:

— 359 —

Heldreich. France: Corbiére. Amer. Pacif. distr. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Marshall A. Howe;. Roell.
* B.obconicum Hornschuch.

Leaves nearly entire not rosulate. Capsule less large. —
Walls and sandstone rocks r. Hur. Switzerl.! Engl.: Curnow,
com. Holt. Amer, Can. Pacif. distr.: Macoun.

*Bfloridanum Renauld et Cardot.

»Leaves shorter, narrower limbate not recurved. — Amer.
r. U. S.»: Cardot.
44.B.squarrosum Kindb. in Hedwigia 1896 p. 66

Fruiting stem very short; leaves crowded denticulate, less
distinctly limbate. Leaves of sterile stems (shoots) broadly
limbate gen. denticulate, distant decurrent spreading also when
dry. Capsule not large. Tufts reddish brown. — Amer. r.
U. 8. Oregon near Astoria: Roell.

e. Leaves short narrowly limbate. Tufts low and dense.
Dioecious.

. aa. Leaves imbricate somewhat large, very concave.
45.B.elegans Esenbeck.

. Leaves subobovate not or indistinctly recurved, only the
upper limbate denticulate; cells subrhombic. Capsule large.
Tufts green or finally reddish. —- Calcareous rocks prince, in
alps r. Hur. Switzerl. in alp. region!

b. Leaves small us. not imbricate; cells gen. oblong- Shiite.
46.B.oreganum Sullivant; Lesq. et Jam.

Leaves twisted: lower few very small; upper glomerate sub-
ovate abruptly acuminate, sometimes recurved. Tufts brown
or finally reddish, very low. — Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.:
47. B.streptophyllum Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: All leaves crowded nearly uniform:
upper not larger and not recurved, very concave. Tufts green
finally brown, less low. Capsules unknown. — Amer, r. Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.
48.B.trichophorum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves obtusate appressed neither recurved nor twisted: lower:
distant linear-oblong acute, upper crowded suboval. Tufts green.
Capsules unknown. — Amer, r. Can. Vance. isl. near sea: Ma-
coun 1893.

B. Leaves not distinctly limbate.

a. Leaves, princ. the lower of stem, gen. sublingulate with
long narrow base, as in B. capillare, us. twisted and crowded.
Dioecious.

— 860 —

aa. Leaves not decurrent; cells large.
49.B.Hendersoni Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves large strongly dentate and recurved, twisted; awn
short often dentate; upper shoot-leaves rosulate. Capsule large.
Tufts green somewhat high. — Rocks r. Amer. Pacif. distr.
Can. Vance. isl. Macoun 1887 and 1893. U. 8. Oregon: Hen-
derson, com. Cardot.
50.B.Sawyeri Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves less large nearly entire not recurved, twisted. Cap-
sule less large. Tufts green. — Logs and rocksr, Amer. Can.:
Macoun. U. S.: Sawyer, com. Cardot.
51.B.sanguilentum Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves not large, recurved and nearly entire, not twisted.
Capsule red not large. — Logs r. Amer. U.S. Calif.: M. A. Howe.

bb. Leaves decurrent; cells somewhat small.
52.B.gemmascens Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves small twisted entire not recurved: lower and middle
distant short-decurrent narrowly sublingulate acuminate acute;
comal leaves glomerate to a broadly clavate bud, suboval
subobtuse. Tufts green. Capsules unknown. — Stones near
sea. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun 1893.

b. Leaves, prince, those of stem, subovate-lanceolate, as in
B. Donii.
53.B.provinciale Philibert.

Leaves crowded scarcely or not twisted, us. denticulate. Cap-
sule often less large than in B.. capillare. Tufts dense us.
brown. Sometimes synoecious. — Calcareous soil r. Hur. France:
Philibert. Greece: Heldreich.

* B.crassirameum Renauld. et Cardot.

Leaves green entire more recurved. Tufts loose. — Amer.
r. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
54.B.extenuatum Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves distant nearly entire gen. long-decurrent, twisted when

“dry. Tufts green not dense. — Logs and rocks r. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

ce. Leaves short as in B. elegans, not recurved; cells sub-
rhombic. Dioecious.

aa. Leaves twisted when dry, not densely crowded. Cap-
sules unknown.
55.B.Stirtoni Schimper; Braithwaite.

. Leaves broadly subovate nearly entire subdecurrent not large.
Tufts green. — Eur. r. Switzerl.! »Scotl.»: Braithw.

— 861 —

56.B.tomentosum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves subovate nearly gradually acuminate, entire decurrent
small. Tufts brown and very tomentose below, green above,
dense and not low. — Amer. r. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun 1890.

bb. Leaves not distinctly twisted, nearly appressed when dry.
57.B.heteroneuron C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves suboval or subobovate often obtuse, entire or faintly
denticulate, crowded and not large; awn sometimes wanting.
Capsule less Jarge than in B. capillare. Tufts us. reddish, not
high; shoots clavate. — Rocks and roadsides r. Amer. Can.
Brit. Col. and Vane. isl.: Macoun.
58.B.carinthiacum Bryol. eur.

Leaves subobtuse cochleariform gen. not large: lower entire
subobovate not crowded, upper ovate-oval us. denticulate. Tufts
brown with green tops us. very high. Capsules not seen. —
Moist rocks princ. in alps r. Hur. Switzerl.! Austria: Breidler,
com. Warnstorf.

* B.spelugense Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves larger, flaccid and not cochleariform: upper subobo-
vate, .middle short-decurrent; cells larger; awn sometimes indi-
stinct. Capsules unknown. — Rocks in higher alp. region r.
Eur. Switzerl. near Spluegen 1500 metr. a sea!
59.B.Ferchelii Funck.

Leaves small suboval-ovate subobtuse entire or faintly denti-
culate, gen. crowded and not decurrent; awn us. short. Cap-
sule smaller than in B. elegans; lid mamillate. Tufts brown-
green us. low. — Rocks prince. in alps, r. Hur. Norway, Swit-
zerl.! Amer. »U. 8.»: Cardot.

*B.suecicum Kindb. n. subsp.

Leaves gen. distant decurrent entire; awn long flexuous. Cap-
sules not seen. Tufts brown below, dark green above, about
4c m. high. — Moist places r. Hur. Sweden Aongermanl. on
the shore of a lake: H. W. Arnell.

. 6. Bimiformia.

A. Leaves distinctly decurrent, not (or slightly near base)
reflexed, gen. broadly limbate; costa gen. percurrent. Dioecious.
60.B.neodamense Itzigsohn.

Leaves suboblong obtusate us. obtuse cucullate. Tufts us.
brown-green. R. fruiting. — Swamps and rivulets. Eur. not
common. Norway! Sweden: Lindberg. Spetsbergen: Berggren.
Engl.: Rogers. Spain: Husnot.

24

— 362 —

*B.ovatum Juratzka.

Leaves oval-ovate more concave and large; the uppermost
acuminate. Tufts green us. high. — Eur. r. Norway! Austria:
Breidler. Finl.: Brotherus.
61.B.denticulatum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate acute, distantly denticu-
late above to middle. Capsules unknown. — Springs and
bogs r. Amer. Can. Cypress hills: Macoun.
62.B.hydrophilum Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVII.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute nearly
entire. Capsules unknown. ~-—- Wet springy places r. Amer,
Can. Vane. isl.: Macoun.

B. Leaves decurrent, recurved nearly all around, acuminate
acute.

a. Costa of leaves long-excurrent. Capsule narrow stran-
gulate; neck us. long; teeth yellow; segments fenestrate.
63.B.affine Bruch. — Webera Bruch; Bryum Lindb.; B. cuspi-
datum Schimper.

Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate and not broadly yellowish lim-
bate, denticulate near apex, short-decurrent not or slightly twi-
sted. Peristomial teeth pale. Stem not high. Pedicel not
long. Habit of B. pallescens. Synoecious. — Stonewalls and
rocks r. Hur. Norway! France: Renauld. Sweden: Greenwall.
Spain near Valencia: Dieck, com. Roell.
64.B.revelstokense Kindb. revue bryol. 1896.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate entire with pale not
broad limb, much twisted when dry, short-decurrent exc. the
uppermost glomerate. Pedicel very long. ‘Tufts green tomen-
tose 1—-2 c. m. high. Dioecious. — Wet rocks r. Amer, Can.
Brit. Col.: Macoun.

b. Costa of leaves not or shortly excurrent. Tufts us. high
and tomentose, sometimes red.
65.B.bimum Schreber.

Leaves gen. ovate-oblong and denticulate near apex; limb
broad yellowish. Perichetial leaves with not excurrent costa.
Capsule brown not oblique; neck shorter; teeth pale. Synoecious.
— Swamps and wet rocks not uncommon. Hur. Sweden,
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Schrader, com. C. M.
66.B.Jeucolomatum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves as in the last; limb pale. Perichetial leaves with
excurrent costa. Capsule as in the last. Stem very high.
Synoecious. —: Marshes r. Amey. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

— 363 —

67.B.ventricosum Dickson. — B. pseudotriquetrum Schweegr.

Leaves as in B, bimum. Capsule brown sometimes slightly
oblique; neck often long; teeth yellow. Dioecious. Very variable.
— Wet places common also in alps. Eur. Sweden etc.! Amer.
Can.: Macoun.

*B.bimoideum Notaris. — »Leaves nearly imbricate suberect;
costa longer-excurrent. Lid of capsule long-apiculate. -— Eur.
r. Switzerl.»: Limpricht.

* B.hyalodontium C. M. et Kindb. 1. ec.

Capsule pale brown not oblique; teeth pale hyaline. — Wet
rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
68.B.Reyeri Breidler.

Differs from B. ventricosum: »Leaves longer finally reddish,
narrowly limbate and nearly entire. Capsules unknown. —
Dripping alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler»: Limpricht.

C. Leaves not decurrent, broadly limbate and recurved gen.
entire; costa excurrent.

a. Capsule strangulate with wide mouth. Tufts dense.
69.B.pallescens Schleicher.

Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate, twisted when dry. Capsule pale
brown or yellowish us, subclavate and not pendent when young;
teeth pale. Tufts us. 2—3 c. m. high, often green. Often
monoecious. — Earth and rocks also in alps, prince. the nor-
thern. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren. Can.: Macoun.

*B.contextum Hoppe et Hornschuch.

Leaves short-acuminate smaller. Capsule thicker and more
distinctly strangulate; pedicel often only 1 c. m. long. Tufts
brown-green often much higher. — Rocks princ. in alps. Eur.
Norway!
70.B.cirratum Hoppe et Hornschuch.

Leaves gen. ovate or ovate-oblong, not or slightly curled.
Capsule brown somewhat thick and pendent; teeth pale. Tufts
green us. about 1 c. m. high and less compact than in the
last. Spores in some alpine forms somewhat large. Us. synoe-
cious. —- On earth prince. on old roads in alps. ur. not r.
Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* B.sysphinctum Limpricht.

Leaves denticulate near apex; costa short-excurrent. Capsule
smaller thicker and more constricted with shorter neck. Some-
times monoecious. — In alps r. Hur. Norway!l; Kaurin.

b. Capsule small-mouthed not constricted.

— 364 --—

71.B.subglobosum Schliephacke.

»Leaves ovate-oblong not twisted; costa long-excurrent. Cap-
sule subglobose-piriform; neck short; lid mamillate; teeth brown-
yellow. Tufts dusky green less than 1 c. m. high. Synoecious
or polygamous. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Switzerl..: Gref»: Lim-
pricht.

* B.Benitzii C. Mueller.

Capsule oval-oblong finally piriform, Uppermost leaves sub-
lanceolate. Tufts about 1 c. m. high. — Arctic distr. r. Eur.
Norway: Beenitz, com. E. Adlerz.
72.B.Lise Notaris.

»Leaves oblong-lanceolate appressed when dry; costa long-
excurrent. Capsule ovoid; neck scarcely shorter; lid mamillate;
teeth brown-yellow. Tufts brownish loose about 1 c. m. high.
Synoecious. — On mountains r. Hur. Italy: Lisa»: Limpricht.

7. Ceespiticia.

A. Leaves distinctly limbate. Spores about or nearly 0,02
m. m.

a. Fertile stem nearly indistinct with glomerate leaves.
Sterile shoots elongate julaceous. Dioecious. .
73.B.Jackii C. Mueller.

»Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate, denticulate near apex,
strongly recurved; costa long-excurrent. Capsule oval or sub-
cylindric; lid blackish red. Tufts dense 3 c. m. high. — Alp.
region r. Hur. Austria: Jack»: Limpricht.

b. Stem us. distinct; shoots not julaceous. Synoecious.
74,B.stenotrichum C. Mueller.

»Leaves small from broad-ovate base somewhat long-acumi-
nate reflexed to acumen; costa long-excurrent. Capsule small
suboblong; neck short; teeth short; cilia rudimentary; pedicel
about 3-c. m. long. Tufts low. Fertile stem short with some-
what short shoots. Habit of B. cespiticium. — Arctic distr.
r. Amer. Alaska: Krause»: C. M. in Flora 1887.
75.B.producticolle Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed; costa long-excurrent. Cap-
sule narrow strangulate; neck long not curved; lid low short-
apiculate; cilia long-appendiculate. Tufts about 1 c. m. high.
Spores scarcely 0,02 m. m. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.:
Macoun 1893.
76.B.mamilligerum Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong not distinctly reflexed; costa
long-excurrent. Capsule narrow not strangulate; neck long cur-

— 865 —

ved; lid low mamillate. Tufts 1—2 « m. high. Fruiting stem
1—-2 m. m. high. Spores larger than in the last. — Damp
rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts: Macoun.

77.B.fuseum Lindberg.

»Leaves ovate-lanceolate reflexed, denticulate above; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule narrow faintly constricted; neck as
long; lid short-conic; cilia long-appendiculate. Tufts about 1c. m.
high. Spores about 0,02 m. m. — Wet sand r. Eur, Fin1.:
Lindberg»: Limpricht.

B. Leaves not distinctly limbate.

a. Shoots julaceous. Leaves not or near base slightly re-
flexed. Dioecious.
78.B.Funckii Schwegrichen.

Leaves subovate very short-acuminate; upper cells dilated;
costa short-excurrent. Capsule narrow strangulate; lid mamil-
late. Tufts loose very low. Spores sometimes about 0,02 m. m.,
often smaller. — Sand or gravel princ. in southern distr. Hur.
not r. Sweden: R. Hartman; J. Persson.
79.B.Kunzei Hornschuch.

Leaves smaller nearly pellucid: those of stem suboblong;
shoot-leaves broad-ovate longer acuminate; upper cells narrow;
costa long-excurrent. Capsule narrow or subpiriform strangu-
late; lid mamillate. Tufts compact about 2 c. m. or higher.
Spores about 0,01 m. m. — Dry earth also in alps r. Eur.
Norway!
80.B.oceidentale Sullivant.

Leaves small oval, or suboblong often decurrent; upper cells
narrow; costa short-excurrent. Capsule oblong wide-mouthed;
lid apiculate. Tufts tomentose about 1 c. m. high, — Amer.
r. U. S. Montana: Roell.

b. Shoots not distinctly julaceous. Spores small about 0,01
m. m. Usually dioecious. Capsule us. narrow.
81.B.cespiticium L.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong or shorter, us, recurved all
around; costa us. long-excurrent. Capsule strangulate us. yello-
wish brown; lid us. mamillate. Tufts about 2 c. m. high or
lower. -—— Earth and rocks common. ur. Sweden, Norway,
Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Schrader, com. C. M.
*B.badium Bruch.

Capsule reddish brown; lid apiculate. Leaves sublimbate.
Tufts loose. — Humid earth r. Hur. Austria: Breidler. Switzerl.:
Pfeffer, com, Arnell.

— 366 —

* B.comense Schimper.

Leaves somewhat small, often slightly reflexed. Shoots some-
times subjulaceous. — Earth and walls r. Eur. Switzerl.|;
Philibert.

* B.oligochloron C. M. et Kindb. 1. c.

Leaves not or indistinctly reflexed, erect when moist. Shoots
subjulaceous. Capsules unknown. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col.: Macoun.

* B.pseudo-Kunzei Limpricht.

»Leaves ovate-oblong gen. not recurved; costa short-excurrent.
Tufts about 1 c. m. high. Synoecious. — In alp. region r.
Eur, Switzerl.: Culmann»: Limpricht.
82.B.microcephalum C. M. et Kindb. 1. ¢.

_ Differs from B. cespiticium: Leaves narrower, lanceolate very
long-acuminate; cells longer very narrow. Stem long proliferous
with numerous small male buds. Capsules unknown. — Rocks
r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

83.B.vancouveriense Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong reflexed below; cells smaller
than in B. cespiticium; costa denticulate above, sometimes short-
excurrent. Capsule pale brown not constricted; lid low mamil-
late; pedicel about 5—6 c. m. long. Fruiting stem very short.
— Wet earth in woods r. Amer. Can. Vance. isl.: Macoun.

c. Shoots: not julaceous. Spores about 0,02 m. m. Us.
synoecious. Capsule us. not strangulate (exc. B. Culmannii).

aa. Capsule narrow.
84.B.intermedium Ludwig. — Mnium Ludw.; Bryum Bridel.

Capsule not strangulate; neck us. long often curved; lid acute;
cilia short-appendiculate. Leaves reflexed narrowly ovate-oblong.
Tufts green 1—2 c. m. high. — On earth princ. below alps.
Hur. not r. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! France: Boulay. Amer.
Can.: Macoun.
85.B.clathratum Amann; Limpricht.

»Capsule not strangulate; neck shorter often curved; lid low
mamillate; cilia long-appendiculate. Leaves oval-oblong strongly
recurved all around. Tufts brown-green about 1c m. high.
— Wet places in alp. region r. Hur. Switzerl.: Amann»: Limpricht.
86.B.Culmannii Limpricht.

»Capsule strangulate longer than the not curved neck; lid
acute; cilia long-appendiculate. Leaves subovate, the upper
recurved. Tufts bright green 2—4 c. m. high not tomentose.
— In higher alp. region. Eur. Switzerl,: Culmann»: Limpricht.

— 367 —

bb. Capsule short thick gen. not distinctly constricted.
87.B.synoico-cespiticium C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Capsule large oval or obovate pendent; neck short; lid low
mamillate; cilia appendiculate; pedicel geniculate below middle,
arcuate at apex, 5—8 c. m. long. Leaves ovate- or ovate-
oblong reflexed; costa long-excurrent, often denticulate above.
Tufts about 1c. m. high, radiculose only at base. — Gravel
in alps r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.
88.B.lonchocaulon C. Mueller.

»Leaves small reflexed all around, ovate-lanceolate subdecur-
rent; cells pellucid. Capsule small oval; cilia appendiculate,
pedicel about 3 c. m. long. Stems subjulaceous elongate ra-
diculose. Resembles somewhat B. bimum but more slender.
—— Amer. r, U. 8. Colorado»: C. M. in Flora 1875.
89.B.dovrense Schimper.

»Leaves ovate suddenly short-acuminate indistinctly limbate
faintly reflexed. Capsule oval-ovate yellowish; neck short; seg-
ments hyaline adhering to the yellowish teeth; cilia rudimen-
tary; spores scarcely 0,02 m. m. Stem about 2 c m., pedicel
1c. m. long. Tufts tomentose green above. — Wet turfy
soil in alps r. Eur. Norway near Kongswold in Dovrefjeld:
Lorentz»: Schimper syn.
90.B.cxspiticiiforme Notaris.

»Leaves subovate reflexed in lower half, limbate in upper
part. Capsule subpiriform small-mouthed; neck not long; lid
low mamillate; teeth brown-yellow; cilia not appendiculate; pe-
dicel 1 c. m. long, stem not longer. Tufts tomentose yello-
wish green. Monoecious. — In higher alp. region r. Hur. Swit-
zerl.: Carestia»: Limpricht.

8. Gemmiformia.

A. Leaves not distinctly reflexed at borders, gen. not lim-
bate.
91.B.subrotundum Bridel.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute gen. small; costa
short-excurrent. Capsule pale brown oval or subglobose, with
thick or indistinct neck; teeth yellow; segments long, gaping
or fenestrate; cilia short r. appendiculate; lid small mamillate.
Spores nearly 0,02 m. m. Us. monoecious. — Stony ground
in alps and arctic districts r. Hur. Norway!; R. Hartman.
Amer, Greenl.: Vanhoeffen. Can.: Macoun.

*B.turfaceum Kindb. in Botan. notiser 1896.
Leaves larger, sometimes narrowly limbate; costa gen. sub-

— 368 —

percurrent. Capsule larger, brown, more distinctly necked and
faintly constricted when dry; cilia very short mostly wanting.
Spores smaller. Stem more distinct. Dioecious. — Turfy soil
in higher subalp. region r. Eur. Norway near Kongswold!
92.B.gemmuligertm Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves subovate obtusate small: those of shoots broader,
obtuse; costa long-excurrent. Capsule brown oblong or obovate
with short thick neck, distinctly constricted when dry, not
large; teeth yellow; segments long fenestrate; cilia long appen-
diculate; lid large apiculate or mamillate. Spores about 0,01
m. m. Monoecious or dioecious. — Amer. r. Can. Assa: Ma-
coun.
93.B.subgemmuligerum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate acute distinctly limbate
somewhat small; costa short-excurrent. Capsule pale brown
suboblong strangulate not large; neck distinct longish; segments
entire; cilia long and long-apperdiculate; lid mamillate not
small; pedicel about 2 c. m. long. Spores gen. 0,02 m. m.
Dioecious. — Sandy ground in subalp. districts r. Zur. Norway
in Foldal near L. Elvedal 1897!

B. Leaves distinctly reflexed and limbate.
94.B.microstegium Bryol. eur.

Leaves narrowly ovate lanceolate long-acuminate acute, reflexed
often all around, not large; costa long-excurrent, Capsule pale
brown suboblong with long and distinct neck, not large; teeth
pale; segments long fenestrate; cilia long appendiculate; lid
small apiculate. Spores nearly 0,02 m. m. Us. synoecious.
— Dry earth in alp. regions r. Eur. Norway!
95.B.submicrostegium Kindb. in Botan. notiser 1896.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute gen.
long-acuminate, reflexed all around and distinctly limbate (at
least the upper of fruiting stem), not large; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule pale brown oval-oblong short-necked gen. small;
teeth yellowish; segments fenestrate shorter than basal mem-
brane; cilia long appendiculate; lid small mamillate. Spores
about 0,01 m. m. Dioecious or monoecious. — On earth in
higher subalp. region r, Hur. Norway Tronfjeld and near Kongs-
wold by Goverlivand!
96.B.acutiuseulum C. Mueller.

»Leaves oblong acuminate; costa short-excurrent. Capsule
oval-piriform with somewhat long curved neck, minute; teeth
brownish; segments not perforated; cilia long, short-appendicu-

— 369 —

late above; lid small subacute. Dioecious. Habit of B. subro-
tundum. — Rocks in arctic districts r, Amer. Alaska: Krause»:
C. M. in Flora 1887.
IL Pachylophus Kindb.
1. Argenteiformia

A. Leaves gen. obtusate; costa (exc. B. nitidulum) not ex-
current.

a. Leaves sparingly chlorophyllose, silver-glossy, not reflexed,
not r. with hairpoint. Tufts low.
97.B.argenteum L.

Leaves subovate often apiculate; costa subhyaline not or r.
confluent with hairpoint. Capsule oval-oblong strangulate blood-
red or pale red. — Bare earth, stones and roofs. Hur. com-
mon. Sweden etc.! Amer. not r. Can.: Macoun. U. S.: Langlois,
com, Cardot.

b. Leaves distinctly chlorophyllose, not reflexed. Capsules
unknown.
98.B.veronense Notaris. — Argyrobryum virescens Kindb.
Laubm. 8. u. N.

Leaves broad-ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, reddish at base;
cells rhombic shorter than in B. argenteum; costa yellow abbre-
viate. Branches subclavate pale green. Tufts sometimes 2—3
c. m. high. — In water on stones and sand r. Eur, Norway!;
Kaurin. Amer. Labrador: Waghorne.

¢. Leaves chlorophyllose, more or less reflexed.
99.B.Blindii Br. eur. —- B. Kiaerii Lindb.

Leaves oval-oblong subobtuse: only uppermost (narrowly)
reflexed. Capsule blood-red obovate; cilia sometimes not appen-
diculate. Dioecious. — Wet sand prince. by rivers, r. on rocks,
r. Eur. Norway!; F. Kier. France: Boulay. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun,

* B.oblongum Lindberg.

Leaves more obtuse. Capsule sometimes suboblong. — Wet
sand r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Finl.: Brotherus.
100.B.teres Lindberg.

Leaves broad-ovate obtuse: only uppermost apiculate and
reflexed. Capsule pale brown suboblong; cilia appendiculate;
pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Resembles somewhat B. calophyl-
lum. — Arctic district r. Eur. Spetsbergen: Berggren.
101.B.bulbifolium Lindberg.

»Leaves ovate obtuse with deflexed point: only uppermost
reflexed. Capsule brown-red obovate; cilia appendiculate. Stem

— 870 —

nearly indistinct with gemmiform shoots. Synoecious. — Arctic
district r. Eur, Lapland: Norrlin»: Lindberg.
102.B.nitidulum Lindberg.

Leaves subovate subobtuse, narrowly limbate, recurved all
around; costa sometimes short-excurrent. Capsule obovate pale
yellow or brown. Stem short; shoots subgemmiform with
somewhat loosely disposed leaves. Synoecious or monoecious.
— Northern, prince. arctic districts r. — Eur. Spetsbergen:
Berggren. Norway: Kaurin. Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.

B. Leaves short-acuminate; costa, at least in uppermost
leaves, excurrent. Capsule not or indistinctly constricted below
mouth.
103.B.atropurpureum Wahlenberg.

Leaves subovate gradually acuminate, reflexed below; upper
shoot-leaves glomerate. Capsule blood-red suboval; teeth yello-
wish or pale red; cilia appendiculate. Tufts small pale green
0,5—1 c. m. high, often with gemmiform propagula. Dioe-
cious. — Sandy earth and stone-walls. Hur. not uncommon.
Sweden, Germany! Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

* B.californicum Sullivant.

Leaves faintly reflexed. Capsule red oblong. »Cilia not
appendiculate»: Lesq. et Jam. — Amer. r. U. S.: Boleender,
com, Cardot.

*B.arenarium Juratzka.

»Leaves shorter, less reflexed; cells shorter. Capsule red-
brown. — Sometimes inundated places r. Hur. Austria: Juratzka»:
Limpricht. :
104.B.Garovaglii Notaris.

»Leaves subovate short-acuminate, gen. not reflexed; costa
ecarcely excurrent. Capsule chestnut-brown broad-oval; teeth
brown-yellow; cilia appendiculate. Tufts small dusky green,
scarcely ] c. m. high. Synoecious. Habit of B. atropurpureum.
— Alp. districts r. Hur. Italy: Garovaglio»: Limpricht.

* B.confertum Limpricht.

»Leaves broader, those of shoots obtuse. Tufts very dense,
pale green above, 2--2,5 c. m. high. Capsules unknown. —
Alp. rocks r. Eur. Austria: Breidler»: Limpricht.
105.B.microglobum C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate, reflexed below; upper
cells short; costa short-excurrent. Upper shoot-leaves glomerate
ovate obtusate not reflexed. Capsule small pale red subobovate or
subglobose; pedicel 3 c. m. long. Tufts green and dense, radi-

—- 871 —

culose below, about 1 c. m. high. — Earth r. Amer. Can.
Ont.: Dearness, com. Macoun.

2. Versicoloriformia.
106.B.versicolor Al. Braun.

Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate acute,
reflexed crowded not decurrent. Capsule finally reddish, round-
oval. Stem very short. Tufts scarcely 1 c. m. high. — Wet
sand prince, by rivers r. Eur. Austria: Venturi; Gander. Ger-
many: Progel.
107.B.coronatum Schwegrichen.

Leaves as in the last but looser disposed and not reflexed;
those of shoots decurrent. Capsule yellowish or pale brown,
oval-oblong. — Amer, r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam. (Cuba: Wright,
com, C. Mueller).
108.B.exeurrens Lindberg.

Leaves subovate abruptly acuminate acute more or less reflexed,
crowded and not decurrent. Capsule small pale red oval or
subobovate. Tufts reddish about 1 c. m. high. — Sandy alp.
places r. Hur, Norway in Dovrefjeld!

3. Zonatiformia.

A. Tufts dense and tomentose.
109.B.zonatum Schimper.

Leaves subovate short-acuminate apiculate, neither limbate
nor reflexed, subdecurrent, large and not densely crowded;
costa of the uppermost leaves often short-excurrent. Capsules
and flowers unknown. Tufts very compact, zonate, brown
below, often high. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!
110.B.zonatiforme Kindb. in Botan. notiser 1896.

Leaves subcircular obtusate subobtuse, sometimes (narrowly)
limbate, crowded: uppermost apiculate; costa not excurrent.
Habit of the last, but tufts are lower, about 2—3 c. m., and
wholly brown. Capsules and flowers unknown. — Alp. rocks
r. Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld!
111.B.Limprichtii Kaurin.

Differs from B. zonatum: Leaves broad-ovate obtusate, either
subobtuse or abruptly apiculate, more crowded and less large.
Tufts less tomentose often green, 2 c. m. or higher. Polyga-
mous. Capsule pale brown suboblong or subobovate, not con-
stricted; lid small; cilia unknown. —- Higher alp. region r. Eur,
Norway in Dovrefjeld 1500 m. a. s.!; Kaurin.

B. Tufts loosely cohering, not tomentose,

— 372 —

112.B.Gerwigii C. Mueller. -- Hypnum C. M.; Bryum Limpr

Leaves broad-ovate subobtuse, neither limbate nor reflexed
not densely crowded, whitish green, sometimes sparingly chlo
rophyllose. Stems about 3 ¢. m. high. Capsules and flowers
unknown. — Inundated rocks r. Eur. Switzerland: Gerwig
com. C. Mueller.

IV. Cladodium Schimper, in part.
J. Erythrodontia.
113.B.Marratii Wilson.

Leaves oval-oblong blunt not or scarcely reflexed. Capsule
subglobose; cilia indistinct; pedicel 2—3 c. m. long. Ster
very short. — Wet places near sea r. Eur. Engl.: Rogers; Per
cival. Netherland: Buse.

2. Arcticiformia.

A. Capsule us. abruptly narrowed to the very small mouth
Leaves not crowded.
114.B.areticum R. Brown. — Pohlia R. Br.; Bryum Br. eur

Leaves suboblong, more or less reflexed, broadly red-limbate
finally rose-red or purplish; costa percurrent or short-excurrent
finally red. Lower shoot-leaves decurrent. Capsule thick sub
oval often oblique, brown; teeth and endostome orange; cili:
not appendiculate. Fruiting stems very short, scarcely tufted
shoots short, radiculose at base. — Earth in alp. region princ
in northern districts r. Hur. Norway! Amer. very r. Can.: Ma
coun.
115.B.flavescens Kindb. enum. bryin. dovr.; rev. bryol. 1896

Leaves suboblong scarcely reflexed us. broadly yellow-limbate
often finally brown-red, sometimes decurrent; costa short-ex
current yellowish or brown. Capsule thick subobovate obliqu
often curved, finally brown; teeth and endostome yellowish
cilia often appendiculate. Stems as in the last, more distinctl
tufted. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway near Kongswold!
116.B.Lindbergii Kaurin.

Agreeing with the last in often appendiculate cilia. Differ
from it in leaves longer, oblong-lanceolate, and green; stem:
higher, densely tufted. Us. monoecious or dioecious. — Mois
alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway!

B. Capsule not abruptly narrowed to the less contractec
mouth. Leaves yellowish green and vellowish-limbate, not red
Stem more distinct, radiculose in lower half,

a. Capsule yellowish; teeth orange; cilia not appendiculate
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, broadly limbate. Us. synoecious,

— 873 —

117.B.areuatulum (Limpricht) Kindb. (new name), -— B. ar-
cuatum Limpr., non Hooker et Wilson.

Leaves distant scarcely reflexed, decurrent; costa often long-
excurrent. Capsule subclayate often oblique and curved; endo-
stome yellow. Stems not or loosely tufted. --- Moist alp.
rocks r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.
118.B.callistomum Philibert.

Differs from the last in capsule thicker, subobovate, neither
oblique nor curved, pale yellow; endostome orange. — Alp.
rocks r. Hur, Norway!
119.B.Kindbergii Philibert. — B. schisticola Kindb. meer.

Leaves crowded, often reflexed below middle, not decurrent,
pale-yellowish limbate; costa gen. long excurrent. Capsule not
(or indistinctly) oblique nor curved, thick and subobovate, faintly
constricted below the not red mouth; endostome yellow; lid
mamillate. Shoot-leaves not distinctly limbate. Spores scarcely
0,038 m. m. Tufts dense. — Rocks of micaschiste in alps r.
Eur. Norway, higher subalp. region near Kongsvold 900 mtr.
a. 8.1; growing together with Myurella tenerrima. »Switzerl.»:
Philibert.

* B.helveticum Philibert.

»Leaves narrower, subdecurrent and reddish. Capsule sub-
oblique. — Hur. ry. Switzerl.»: Philibert.

b. Capsule brown; teeth and endostome yellowish; cilia
often appendiculate. Leaves suboblong indistinctly or somewhat
narrowly limbate. Monoecious.
120.B.stenocarpum Limpricht.

Leaves not crowded, reflexed, sometimes decurrent; costa
somewhat longly excurrent. Capsule narrowly obovate, scarcely
oblique or curved. Spores large. Habit of B. Sauteri. Tufts
low brown-green, — Alps r. Eur. Norway!

3. Cernuiformia.

A. Leaves gen. somewhat twisted when dry. Tufts green or
brownish, us. loose. Cilia of endostome not appendiculate.
Male flowers gemmiform. Spores large.
121.B.cernuum Swartz. — Didymodon Sw.; Bryum Lindb.;
B. uliginosum Br. eur.

Leaves not decurrent, oblong-lanceolate long-acuminate, reflexed
below, broadly yellowish-limbate us. serrulate near apex; costa
percurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule subobovate or clavate,
oblique and curved, pale or finally reddish brown; teeth brown-
yellow; lid subconic mamillate; pedicel long. Tufts olive-green

— 874 —

or brown, radiculose at base, 1—2 ce. m. high. Monoecious.
— Wet places prince. below alps. Eur. not uncommon. Sweden;
S. J. Lindgren. Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

122.B.caleareum Venturi.

Leaves decurrent, oblong-lanceolate or sublingulate, long-acu-
minate, scarcely reflexed, narrowly limbate; costa short-excur-
rent. Capsule subclavate r. curved, brown; teeth yellowish;
lid subconic obtuse; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts green, ra-
diculose at base, about 1 c. m. high. Monoecious. — Calcareous
caverns in alp. region r. Eur. Austria 2100 metr. a.s.: Venturi.
123.B.loridum Ruthe.

Leaves not decurrent, oval-oblong long-acuminate, reflexed
all around, broadly brown-limbate, brown at apex} costa long-
excurrent. Capsule us. thick, suboval or round-oval, not oblique
and scarcely curved, pale brown; teeth yellow; lid convex or
subconic, obtuse or mamillate; pedicel somewhat long. Tufts
low and greenish, radiculose. Synoecious. — On earth below
alps r. Eur. Germany: Ruthe, com. Warnstorf.

B. Leaves not twisted, yellowish or finally red. Tufts dense.
Cilia appendiculate. Spores sometimes not large. Male flowers
disciform.
124.B.meeseoides Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Leaves not decurrent, ovate-oblong or broadly ovate-lanceolate,
not distinctly reflexed, faintly denticulate, brown-limbate; costa
abbreviate or subpercurrent. Capsule shorter than neck, narrowly
piriform or subclavate, us., prince. unripe, arcuate (Meesea-like),
teeth pale yellow; basal endostomial membrane nearly indistinct;
lid mamillate; pedicel long. Stem often longish. Dioecious. -—
Wet rocks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

4. Purpurascentiformia.

A. Stems not or loosely tufted. Leaves gen. narrowly lim-
bate.

a. Spores gen. not large, about 0,02 m. m. Capsule gen.
narrow; cilia not appendiculate; pedicel long. Leaves decurrent,
faintly reflexed us. rose-red; costa gen. subpercurrent. Stems
gen. very short and scarcely or not cohering; shoots long loosely
foliate. Us. synoecious.
125.B.purpurascens R. Brown. — Poblia R. Br.; Bryum
Br. eur.

Leaves short-decurrent suboblong or oblong-lanceolate, more
or less limbate. Capsule suboblong pale yellow or finally pale
brown; teeth yellow; lid large deplanate, mamillate or subapi-

— 875 —

culate. — Sandy places by rivers and rivulets in northern alps
r. Eur, Norway; Sweden: Arnell. Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. GreenL.:
Berggren. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. and J. M. Macoun;
Breutel.

* B.opdalense Limpricht.

Leaves shorter, more distinctly limbate. Capsule with shor-
ter neck. — Eur. Norway!; Kaurin.

* B.autumnale Limpricht. — »Webera hermaphrodita Ren. et
Card.»: Waghorne.

Leaves suboval, longer decurrent. Shoots shorter, yellowish
green. Capsule somewhat longer necked; teeth brown-yellow;
lid apiculate. — R. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Amer. Can.: Wag-
horne.
126.B.subpurpurascens Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves long-decurrent oblong-lanceolate reddish limbate rose-
red; costa scarcely excurrent. Capsule very narrow, distinctly
strangulate, curved when unripe; teeth orange; lid large conic
obtuse. Spores smaller than in the last; fruiting stem more
distinct. Dioecious. — Wet earth r. Amer, Can. Brit. Col. by
a railway: Macoun.

b. Spores gen. very large. Capsule gen. thick; teeth orange,
incurved when dry; pedicel us. very long and thick. Leaves
gen. not decurrent, more or less reflexed. Cilia gen. not ap-
pendiculate (»in Californian specimens sometimes long-appendi-
culate»: Lesq. et Jam.). Stems and shoots short.
127.B.warneum Blandow. — B. oelandicum Philibert.

Leaves not crowded, gen. narrow-limbate and faintly reflexed,
sometimes short-decurrent, suboval, sometimes denticulate above,
often finally rose-red; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Cap-
sule large oval-globose reddish yellow or finally reddish brown;
lid convex mamillate. Spores often about 0,05 m. m. Some-
times synoecious. The -flagelliform shoots», delineated in Br.
eur,, not are essential. — Wet sand, prince. near sea, r. in
alps, r. Hur. Sweden! Germany: Warnstorf. France: Boulay.
Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et J.
128.B.Biddlecomi# Austin. — B. Edwardsianum C. M. et
Kindb. 1. c.

Differs from the last in leaves narrower, longer acuminate,
entire, more distinctly limbate and reflexed; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule narrower, less inflated, more strangnlate; lid
lower. — Damp sandy soil r. Amer. Can., Prince Edw. isl.:
Macoun. »U. 8., Colorado»: Lq. et J.

374 —

129.B.mamillatam Lindberg.

Upper leaves glomerate not decurrent, broadly limbate, re-
flexed ovate-lanceolate entire green; costa short-excurrent. Cap-
sule thick subovate brown-yellow; lid deplanate mamillate; pe-
dicel long. Spores less large than in B. warneum. — On shores
of Baltic sea r. Eur. Sweden: Zetterstedt.
130.B.serotinum Lindberg.

Differs from the last in leaves narrow-limbate, cells narrower;
capsule longer necked, pedicel less long; stems more distinct,
less loosely tufted. -— Wet sand r. Hur. Sweden: H. W. Arnell.

B. Tufts dense. Leaves gen. broadly limbate.

a. Fruiting stem distinct with somewhat long loosely foliate
shoots. Capsule gen. narrow.
131.B.Brownii Bryol. eur.

Leaves green not crowded, subdecurrent and narrowed at
the orange-colored base, reflexed below, ovate-oblong or narro-
wer; costa yellowish often long-excurrent. Stem-leaves broadly
limbate; shoot-leaves less distinctly limbate with short-excurrent
costa. Capsule pale finally brown-vellow; cilia not appendicu-
late; lid apiculate; pedicel often long. Stem and shoots radicu-

lose in lower half. Us. monoecious. — Wet rocks and swamps
in alp. northern regions r. Hur. Norway! Amer. Greenl: Berg-
gren.

132.B.erubescens Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Stem-leaves red-brown crowded not decurrént, broadly reddish
or brownish limbate, scarcely reflexed, ovate-oblong; costa red-
brown somewhat long-excurrent. Shoot-leaves narrower limbate,
sometimes short-decurrent. Capsule finally pale brown, distinctly
strangulate; cilia appendiculate; lid mamillate; pedicel not long.
Spores large. Dioecious. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Rocky mts:
Macoun.

b. Fruiting stem very short with short shoots. Us. synoe-
cious.
133.B.Lindgrenii Schimper. — »B. purpurascens»: Lindgren
musci suec. exsice.

Leaves crowded not decurrent, often reflexed, ovate-oblong
short-acuminate, often denticulate above; costa subpercurrent.
Capsule suboblong not large, pale brown; teeth brown-yellow;
cilia not appendiculate; lid deplanate mamillate; pedicel some-
what long. Tufts small yellowish green or pale red. — On
the shore of a lake (Wenern) r. Hur. Sweden near Lidkceping:
8. J. Lindgren.

— 317 —

134.B.micans Limpricht.

Leaves not crowded, subdecurrent, reflexed at base, oval-
oblong or sublanceolate; costa, only of uppermost leaves, short-
excurrent. Capsule somewhat small, thick suboval brownish;
teeth orange, incurved when dry; cilia not appendiculate; lid
subconvex mamillate; pedicel not long. Tufts brown-green. —
Turfy soil in northern alps r. Eur. Norway!; Kaurin. Amer.
Greenl.: Berggren.

* B.inflatum Philibert.

»Leaves more decurrent; costa longer excurrent. Capsule
thicker. — Northern alps r. Hur. Norway»: Kaurin.
135.B.pyenodermum Limpricht.

Leaves not crowded, subdecurrent, reflexed at base, oblong-
lanceolate long-acuminate; costa of uppermost leaves long-ex-
current. Capsule suboblong dark brown, finally blackish; teeth
brown-yellow; cilia appendiculate; lid deplanate mamillate; pe-
dicel often long. Habit of B. cirratum. — Wet sand by water
in northern alps r. Hur. Norway!; Kaurin.

5. Calophylloidea.
136.B.calophyllum R. Brown.

Leaves broad-ovate obtusate (obtuse or acute), often sublim-
bate, not reflexed, sometimes decurrent; cells large; costa not
excurrent. Capsule suboval; cilia sometimes appendiculate; pe-
dicel us. long, often 8 c. m. or more. — Swamps prince. in
alps r. Hur. Norway! Engl.: Rogers. Spetsbergen: Berggren.
Amer. Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
137.B.acutum Lindberg.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute more or less acuminate, often nar-
rowly limbate and reflexed below, not decurrent; cells smaller
than in the. last; costa often short-excurrent. Capsule us. sub-
oblong and long-pedicellate; cilia smooth. Stem not high. —
Sandy borders of rivers r. Hur. Finland: Brotherus. (Asia,
Sibiria: Arnell).

* B.Axel-Blyttii Kaurin.

Capsule subobovate shorter-pedicellate. — Sand by rivers in
alps r. Hur. Norway!; Kaurin.

6. Penduliformia.

A. Leaves gen. not distinctly (or very narrowly) limbate;
costa gen. not excurrent. Us. synoecious.

a. Spores large, about 0,04 m. m.
138.B.brachyneuron Kindb. Ottawa Naturalist V.

Leaves small broad-ovate short-acuminate reflexed narrowly

25

— 878 —

limbate, nearly crowded, sometimes short-decurrent: comal glo-
merate; upper cells subrhombic; costa often abbreviate. Cap-
sule thick round-oval or subobovate, somewhat long-necked and
constricted below mouth, reddish brown; teeth broader than in
B. pendulum; segments also orange, adhering; pedicel about 1
c. m. long, scarcely emerging above tufts. Fruiting stem di-
stinct and tomentose; shoots short. — Arctic district r. Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

b. Spores somewhat small, about 0,02 m. m. Leaves not
decurrent.
139.B.lacustre Blandow. — »B. Barnesi Wood»: Limpricht.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate acute not or indistinctly
limbate, broadly recurved nearly all around, entire; costa gen.
subpercurrent. Capsule small suboval short-necked; lid small;
teeth pale yellow; pedicel long. Stems very short, loosely tufted;
shoots filiform. —- Wet sand often near lakes, princ. below alps.
Eur, not r. Norway! Finland: Lindberg. Germany: Warnstorf.
England: Rogers.
140.B.Knowltoni Barnes bot. gazette 1889.

»Leaves ovate to obovate-lanceolate short-acuminate, us. in-
distinctly limbate, slightly revolute or plane, entire or nearly
so; costa not or shortly excurrent. Capsule oblong-piriform;
cilia rudimentary; lid small; pedicel about 1 ¢. m. long. Tufts
dense and tomentose, 1—2 c. m. high. Spores about 0,025
m. m. — Crevices in rocks r. Amer. Can. N. Foundl.»: Barnes.
141.B.flexuosum Austin.

Differs from B. lacustre in leaves pale red not reflexed; cap-
sule narrower; lid large; tufts dense less low. Dioecious. —
Gravelly ground near water r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves broadly limbate, loosely disposed and decurrent
(at least the lower). Us. monoecious.
142.B.Moéi Schimper.

»Leaves very narrow, ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate entire:
upper reflexed; apical cells suboblong; costa long-excurrent.
Capsule thick suboval not constricted; lid small flat mamillate;
teeth orange. Tufts sparingly radiculose, 2 c. m. high. —
Northern alps r. Eur. Norway: N. G. Moé»: Schimper and
Limpricht.
143.B.paludicola Schimper.

»Lower leaves small, subovate short-acuminate acute, loosely
disposed: upper somewhat large, crowded, gen. broad-oval, re-
flexed all around, yellow-limbate; costa short-excurrent. Cap-

— 379 —

sule subpiriform dark fuscous; lid mamillate somewhat large!
teeth yellow, orange below; pedicel 3 c. m. long. Tufts dense
2—3 ¢. m. high. Spores about 0,03 m. m. Sometimes syn-
oecious. — Swamps in alps r. Hur. Norway near Kongswold:
Lorentz»: Schimp. and Limpricht.

C. Leaves gen. narrowly limbate not decurrent us. crowded;
costa excurrent. Us. synoecious.

a. Leaves not (or only at base) reflexed. Fruiting stem
nearly indistinct with very short shoots. Capsule thick, smaller
than in B. pendulum. Spores large. Comal shoot-leaves gen.
not glomerate.
144.B.archangelicum Bryol. eur. — »B. Holmgrenii Lindb.»:
Kaurin.

Leaves ovate-oblong short-acuminate; apical cells subrhombic;
costa long-excurrent. Capsule subobovate; peristome pale yel-:
low; segments free; lid flat mamillate; pedicel short. — Bare
earth in alp. regions r. Hur. Norway!; Kaurin. Sweden: E.
Adlerz. Russian Lapland: Aongstroem. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
145.B.planifolium Kindb. Laubm. Schw. u. Norw.

Leaves broad-ovate short-acuminate; middle cells rhomboidal,
apical scarcely narrower; costa not long-excurrent. Capsule sub-
piriform; peristome orange; segments adhering; lid apiculate not
deplanate; pedicel not long. — Alp. rocks r. Hur. Norway,
Dovrefjeld!

b. Leaves reflexed, us. all around.

aa. Peristomial teeth pale; segments yellow. Capsule sub-
globose very small. Spores somewhat small, about 0,02 m. m.
146.B.globosum Lindberg.

Leaves oval acuminate acute, reflexed to above middle, entire;
costa of uppermost leaves short-excurrent to a deflexed point.
Capsule pale reddish-yellow; lid small; pedicel short. Stems
very short; tufts dense about 0,5 c. m. high. — Arctic district r.
Eur. »Spetsbergen»: Lindberg. (Asia, Sibiria: Sahlberg, com.
Brotherus.)

bb. Peristomial teeth brown-yellow; segments yellow. Cap-
sule suboval. Spores about 0,03 m. m.
147.B.Grefii Schliephacke.

Upper leaves gen. ovate-oblong, reflexed all around, entire;
costa more or less excurrent. Capsule brownish not constricted;
lid small; pedicel about 1,5 c. m. long. Stem very short with
short ‘shoots. Tufts about 0;8 c. m. high or lower, sometimes
loose. —- Schistose rocks in alps r. Eur. Norway: Hagen.

— 3880 —

148.B.Lorentzii Schimper.

Differs from the last: »Upper leaves longer acuminate. Cap-
sule constricted below mouth, longer necked; pedicel about 3
c. m. long. Stem with longer shoots, their leaves decurrent.
— Turfy soil near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway»: Jorgensen
in Christiania Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1894.
149.B.Kaurinianum Warnstorf.

Differs from B. Grefii: Upper leaves with long-excurrent costa.
Pedicel of capsule 4—5 c. m. long. — Schistose rocks in alps r.
Eur, »Norway near Kongswold in Vaarstien»: Kaurin; Sweden
in Lapland near Virijaur: Miss A. Cleve, com. E. Nyman.

ce. Peristome gen. orange. Capsule sometimes narrow. Spores
gen. large. Fruiting stem us. distinct.
150.B.pendulum Hornschuch. — Ptychostomum Hsch.; Bryum
Schimper.

Leaves ovate-oblong narrowly acuminate, reflexed all around:
comal (also on shoots) glomerate; apical cells narrow; costa
often long-excurrent. Capsule thick suboval; neck short; seg-
ments often not well-evolute; lid us. apiculate; pedicel gen. not
long. Fruiting stem tomentose in lower half; shoots short. —
Earth and rocks also in alps. Zur. not uncommon. Sweden,
Norway, Germany, Switzerl.! France: Renauld. Amer, Greenl.:
Berggren, Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne.
151.B.compactum Hornschuch.

Differs from the last in leaves narrower and longer acumi-
nate; capsule narrow subclavate; segments not adhering. Us.
monoecious. — Alps r. Hur. »Germany»; Limpricht. Amer.
Greenl.: Vanhoeffen.
152.B.Roellii Philibert.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, longer acuminate than in B.
pendulum, reflexed nearly all around, not distinctly limbate in
upper part; upper and middle cells narrow; costa sometimes
short-excurrent. Capsule narrow suboblong, sometimes scarcely
longer than neck; lid apiculate; pedicel somewhat long. Frui-
ting stem nearly indistinct with gemmiform shoots. Spores
smaller than in B. pendulum. — Amer. ry. U. 8.: Roell, com.
Brotherus. Can. Cypress hills: Macoun 1894.
153.B.angustirete Kindb. bull. Torr. club XVI.

Differs from B. pendulum; Stem-leaves more distinctly limbate
and strongly recurved. Capsule narrowly oblong; lid not api-
culate; pedicel long; spores smaller. Shoots longer, not thicker

— 881 —

above; their leaves longer acuminate with narrower cells. —
Amer. ry. Can.: Macoun.
154.B.alaskanum Kindb. n. sp.

Leaves broad-ovate apiculate or very short-acuminate, reflexed
all around; cells wide, the upper subrhombic; costa short-ex-
current. Capsule short but not thick, subclavate-piriform; lid
convex matillate; pedicel not long. Fruiting stem tomentose
with shorter and longer shoots. Uppermost leaves of stem and
shorter shoots glomerate; those of longer shoots not glomerate.
— Arctic district r. Amer. Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

D. Leaves gen. broadly limbate and not (or only on shoots)
decurrent, us. crowded; costa excurrent. Us. synoecious.

a. Spores very large, about 0,04—0,05 m. m.
155.B.longisetum Blandow.

Leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, not reflexed above, smaller
than in B. inclinatum: the uppermost not distinctly glomerate;
upper cells narrow; costa short-excurrent. Capsule thick sub-
oval short-necked; lid convex apiculate; teeth yellow; pedicel
us. 5—10 c. m. long. Stems very short or nearly indistinct,
not densely cohering; shoots short. — Swamps and turf-moors
also below alps r. Hur. Norway! Germany: Holler, com.
Warnstorf.

* B.labradorense Philibert.

Leaves somewhat shorter and broader; costa longer excurrent.
Capsule shorter; pedicel gen. about 38 c. m. long. — Alp.
swamps r. Hur. Norwayi Amer. »Can.»: Philibert.
156.B.murmanicum Brotherus.

Leaves ovate acuminate, reflexed all around: the uppermost
glomerate; upper cells suboblong; costa short-excurrent to an
often deflexed point. Capsule broad-oval somewhat long-necked;
lid flat apiculate; teeth pale; pedicel 3 c.m. long. Stem about
1c. m. high. Tufts dense blackish about 2,5 c. m. high;
shoots glossy green. — Wet sand by rivers r. Hur. Russian
Lapland: Brotherus.

b. Spores less large, about 0,03 m. m. or smaller. Upper
leaves reflexed all around.

aa. Upper leaves obtusate or short-acuminate. Capsule sub-
globose scarcely longer than neck.
157.B.salinum Hagen.

Upper leaves ovate-oblong acute; costa somewhat long-excur-
rent (in lower leaves not excurrent). Capsule pale brown not
constricted below mouth; lid small apiculate or rostellate; teeth

— 3882 —

orange; pedicel about 1 c. m. long. Tufts dense greenish about
1,5 c. m. high. — On shores of Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway:
I. Hagen.

bb. Upper leaves us. long-acuminate. Capsule gen. sub-
oblong, longer than neck.
158.B.inelinatum Swartz. — Pohlia Sw.; Bryum Br. eur.

Leaves narrowly ovate-oblong, the uppermost (also on shoots)
us. glomerate; upper cells narrow; costa sometimes not long-
excurrent. Capsule gen. suboblong; lid short-conic; pedicel about
3—4 c. m. long. Stem very short with short shoots. — On
earth also in alps. ur. not uncommon. Sweden, Norway!
Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Waghorne. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun.
159.B.lapponicum Kaurin.

Differs from the last: Leaves broader, subovate not long-acu-
minate; pedicel of capsule 5—6 c. m. long; lid mamillate; stem
distinct; tufts more dense, about 2 c. m. high; spores some-
what larger. — Hur. Norway near Tromsoe: Kaurin, com. N.
Bryhn.

* B.subinciinatum Kindb. n. subsp.

Spores smaller about 0,02 m. m. Endostome adhering to
teeth; lid apiculate. Tufts very dense and tomentose. — Amer.
Can. northern Labrador: Macoun 1896.
160.B.Hagenii Limpricht.

Differs from B. inclinatum: Leaves longer, often denticulate
above; the lower on shoots (barren stems) short-decurrent. Lid
of capsule low; spores larger. Tufts higher. — Rocks r. Hur.
Norway: I. Hagen.

* B.curvatum Kaurin et Arnell.

Capsule and its neck sometimes curved or oblique, — Eur. r.
Norway: Arnell.
161.B.Froudei Kindb. in Ottawa Naturalist V.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, twisted when dry: the uppermost not
glomerate; upper cells very long and narrow; costa long-excur-
rent. Capsule oblong-obovate; lid flat mamillate or subapicu-
late; pedicel about 3 c. m., not much longer than tufts. Spores
scarcely 0,03 m. m. Stem distinct and tomentose with longish
shoots. — Amer. r. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. Can.: J. Macoun.

7. Rutilantiformia.
162.B.rutilans Bridel. — B. oeneum Blytt.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate, broadly limbate nnd
reflexed, gen. entire, twisted when dry, finally copper-red; costa

— 383 —

short-excurrent. Capsule brown. Stem us. high, often with
filiform propagula. Tufts dense tomentose, often zonate when
dry. Us. dioecious, r. fruiting. — Wet rocks in northern alps r.
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeldl; R. Hartman. Amer. GreenL.:
Berggren.

163.B.campylocarpum Limpricht. — »B. angustifolium Kaurin»
(not Bridel) ?

Differs from the last: Leaves denticulate above, not or indi-
stinctly reflexed, less twisted when dry; costa subpercurrent.
Capsule sometimes shorter necked; lid more deplanate. Stem
lower, less radiculose. Monoecious. — Wet rocks by rivulets
in northern alps r. Hur. Norway!

V. Webera Hedwig; Schimper.
, 1. Crudiformia.

A. Leaves serrate not reflexed us. crowded; costa not per-
current. Capsule subclavate; cilia us. long.

a. Leaves short opal-glossy. Capsule gen. cernuous.
164.B.crudum L. — Mnium L.; Bryum Hudson.

Leaves suboblong short-acuminate: comal and perichetial longer
acuminate. Capsule not constricted. Perigonial leaves patent.
Tufts us. loose. Synoecious or paroecious but often also with
discoid male flowers. — Harth and rocks common. Eur. Swe-
den, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska: J. M.
Macoun.

b. Leaves long not opal-glossy. Capsule gen. suberect.
165.B.nitescens Kindb. in botan. notiser 1896. — Bryum
(Webera) nitens Kindb. Laubm. 8. u. N.; non Hooker.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate: perichetial long. Capsule
not constricted; cilia long. Perigonial leaves erect. Tufts dense
tomentose silky or golden glossy. Dioecious with gemmiform
male flowers, r. synoecious. -- Alpine and arctic districts r.
Eur. Norway in Dovrefjeld! Sweden: A. Grape. Amer. Greenl.:
Vanhoeffen. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun.
166.B.longicollum Swartz. — Webera Hedwig.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate long-acuminate: perichetial
shorter than uppermost stem-leaves. Capsule faintly constricted,
narrower than in the last; cilia sometimes short. Tufts spa-
ringly radiculose silky or golden glossy. Paroecious without
special male flowers. — Schistose and siliceous alp. rocks r.
Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Schimper. Austria: Venturi. Amer.
»Cascade mts»: Lesq. et J.

— 384 —

167.B.Bolenderi Lesquereux.
Differs from the last: Leaves loosely disposed more patent.
Capsule thicker more inclined. Tufts looser. Paroecious or

dioecious. — Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.
168.B.longibracteatum Brotherus. — Pohlia Broth.; Bryum
Kindb.

Leaves linear-lanceolate short-acuminate distant long-decurrent.
Male flowers discoid; perigonial leaves long linear-lanceolate.
Tufts loose glaucous green. Capsules unknown. Dioecious. -—
Amer. r. U. S. Oregon: Roell.

B. Upper leaves faintly serrate reflexed nearly all around;
costa subpercurrent or short-excurrent. Capsule suboblong;
cilia rudimentary.
169.B.erassidens Lindberg. — Pohlia Lindb.; Bryum Kindb.

Lower leaves small ovate apiculate not reflexed, distant,
finally red; upper sublinear-lanceolate acuminate green silky
glossy. Capsule often suberect. Tufts often dense. Male plants
less radiculose; leaves gradually larger upwards; flowers discoid.
Dioecious. — Alp. rocks r. Eur. Norway: N. Bryhn. Sweden:
E. Nyman.

2. Nutantiformia.

A. Sterile stems us. with bud-like propagula. Leaves loosely
disposed, only the uppermost glomerate; cells somewhat dilated.
Dioecious r. fruiting. Stems not or loosely tufted.
170.B.annotinum Hedwig. — Webera Bruch.

Capsule suboblong red-yellow; teeth yellow; pedicel pale red
Uppermost leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate or sublinear-subulate,
sometimes decurrent; lower subovate-oblong not decurrent, not
appressed when dry. Bulbilli us. red. — Sandy or clayey soil.
Eur. not common. Sweden, Norway! Amer. r. Greenl.: Berg-
gren. Can.: Macoun.
171.B.proligerum Lindberg. — Pohlia Lindb.; Bryum Kindb.

Capsule broad-oval dark brown-red; teeth brown-yellow; pe-
dicel purplish. Leaves broader than in the last, more erect
when dry. Bulbilli us. greenish, — Sand or clay. ur.
probably not r. Switzerl., Sweden! Norway!; 8. O. Lindberg and
E. Nyman.

B. Stem without bulbilli: Leaves crowded, at least the
upper of fertile stems; cells narrow. Tufts us. dense.

a. Upper leaves serrate. Us. paroecious. Capsule with
apiculate lid.

-~ 885 —

172.B.nutans Schreber. — Webera Hedwig.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate acute: upper narrower,
faintly reflexed; costa r. subexcurrent. Capsule oval-oblong us.
brown-red sometimes bicolored; cilia r. appendiculate. — Earth,
rocks and swamps common. Eur. Sweden ete.! Amer. Can.:
Macoun; Waghorne. U. S.; Roell.

* B.cuspidulatum Kindb. n. subsp
Perichetial leaves long-subulate gen. not reflexed; costa gen.

long-excurrent. Stem very short. Dioecious. — Alps r. Eur.
Norway!
*B.canaliculatum C. M. et Kindb. — Webera cat. Can. m.

Perichetial leaves with thicker, canaliculate sometimes excur-
rent costa. Cilia long-appendiculate. Lowest leaves short-de-
current. Spores larger. — Wet earth r. Amer. Can. Vane. isL.:
Macoun.

*B.camptotrachelum Renauld et Cardot.

Leaves erect but much longer than in B. annotinum; periche-
tial gen. with excurrent costa. Capsule sometimes with cur-
ved neck. Stem very short. Divecious. — Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Cardot.

* B.Macounii Kindb. n. subsp.

All leaves, also on sterile stems and shoots, distinctly ser-
rate, not glossy, finally red, densely crowded, appressed when
dry. — Rocks r. Amer. Can. Vane. isl.: J. Macoun.

b. Leaves nearly entire. Dioecious or polygamous with sub-
discoid male flowers. Capsule with mamillate lid.
173.B.Schimperi C. Mueller. .

Capsule brownish narrow; teeth pale. Leaves reflexed. Tufts
often high and purplish. — Alp. swamps r. Eur. Scotl.: herb.
Milde. Amer. Can. northern Labrador: Macoun. »Greenl.»:
Berggren.
174.B.Sphagni »Bridel»: C. Mueller. --- B. sphagnicola Br. eur.

Capsule pale brown; teeth yellowish; pedicel yellowish often
very long. J.eaves not reflexed, gen. distant. Stems r. tufted.
— Turf-moors r. Eur. Sweden, Norway! Germany: Geheeb.
Amer. Can: Macoun.

3. Pulchelliformia.

A. Capsule strangulate; teeth brown-red; annulus none.
Leaves crowded; cells wide, the upper subrhombic.
175.B.carneum L. — Webera Schimper; Mniobryum Limpricht.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong short-acumi-
nate not decurrent; costa red not percurrent. Capsule broad oval

— 886 —

red-yellow or finally brown-red. Tufts green. — On earth. Eur.
not common. Switzeil.!| Sweden: M. Huss. France; Le Jolis.
Amer. r. Can.: Macoun.

B. Capsule not strangulate; teeth yellow; annulus us. pre-
sent. Leaves more or less distant; cells narrow or not much
dilated.

a. Shoot-leaves and lower leaves of fruiting stem distant
narrowly long-decurrent. Leaves finally red. Tufts dense.

176.B.columbicum Kindb. —- Webera cat. Can. m.

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate long-acuminate serrate reflexed;
cells narrow; costa red subpercurrent. Capsule red or red-yellow
broad-oval or subglobose; annulus broad; cilia in pairs. —
Moist banks r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.

b. Leaves not distinctly decurrent us. green. Tufts us. loose.

aa. Capsule more or less distinctly annulate.
177.B.pulchellum Hedwig. —- Webera Schimper, in part.

Capsule subglobose or oval red-yellow or finally brown-red;
neck shortish. Leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate: upper denti-
culate faintly reflexed; cells narrow; costa green not excurrent.
— Earth in northern distr. Hur. Norway!; E Nyman. Finl.:
Brotherus. Sweden not r.: P. Olsson. Amer. r. Can,: Macoun.
178.B.lutescens Limpricht. — Webera Limpr.; Bryum Kindb.

Differs from the last: Capsule suboval paler; neck us. longish.
Leaves more distinctly serrate and distant; costa red, in comal

leaves sometimes excurrent. Tufts less loose. —- Earth also in
alps r. Eur. Norway!
179.B.Leseurii Sullivant ic. musc. — Webera Lesq. et Jam.

Differs from B. pulchellum: Annulus broader, wholly revoluble.
Leaves longer: lower less distant, upper more subulate not
reflexed; cells wider. — Wet clay soil r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
U. S.: Sullivant and Austin, com. Mrs Britton.

bb. Capsule not annulate.

180.B.Drummondii C. Mueller. — Mniobryum vexans Limpr.

Capsule sometimes larger than in B. pulchellum. Differs
also from it: Leaves erect distinctly reflexed and serrate; cells
wider; costa finally red below. — Earth also in alps r. Eur.
»Germany»: Limpricht. Amer. Can.: Drummond n. 261, com.
Macoun,

4. Cucullatiformia.

A. Leaves very distant, us. broadly long-decurrent; cells

gen. very wide.

181.B.Ludwigii Sprengel. — Webera Breidleri Juratzka.

Leaves gen. ovate or suboblong obtusate, us. entire and large.
Capsule suboval. Tufts loose finally red. Dioecious. — Wet
siliceous ground princ. in alps. Eur. less r. Norway! Austria:
Breidler. Amer. r. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun. U. S.: Henderson,
com. Cardot.

* B.grande Kindb. n. subsp. — Webera Ludwigii var. latifolia
Schimp.

Leaves still larger and broader, round-ovate gen. quite entire
and green, less distinctly decurrent; cells rhombic wider. Stem
very high. Capsules unknown. — Alp. region r. Eur. Norway!
182.B.Bigelowii Sullivant. — Webera Ludwigii var. micro-
phylla Kindb. cat. Canad. m.

Differs from W. Ludwigii: Leaves small; cells narrower; costa
shorter. — Wet alp. rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun.

B. Leaves crowded or not much distant, not or shortly de-
current; cells rhomboidal not much wide.

a. Paroecious. Leaves obtusate gen. obtuse, at least the
lower and the perichetial.
183.B.cucullatum Schwegrichen. —- Webera Schimper.

Leaves oval-ovate not decurrent. Capsule oval-oblong yellowish
brown; lid mamillate; cilia smooth; endostomial membrane
very low. Tufts dense. — Moist alp. places. Hur. less r, Nor-
way!; H. Nyman. Austria: Breidler. Amer. r. Greenl.: Berggren.
Can.: Gremann, com. Cardot. U. S.: Henderson, com. Cardot.
184.B.cucullatiforme Kindb. n. sp.

Differs from the last: Leaves subdecurrent smaller, appressed
when dry: upper gen. acute. Capsule smaller and more con-
stricted; cilia sometimes appendiculate. — Arctic distr. r. Amer.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun.

b. Dioecious. Leaves acute, at least the perichetial.

aa. Leaves crowded not decurrent. Endostomial membrane
very low; cilia short rudimentary; lid mamillate.
185.B.poJymorphoides Kindb. — Webera cat. Canad. m.

Leaves ovate-oblong acute or subobtuse; costa not excurrent,
in the longer and narrower perichetial sometimes excurrent.
Capsule cblong yellowish brown; teeth pale; pedicel about 2
ce. m. long. Tufts dense 4—5 c. m. high rufescent below. —
Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col. 2250 metr. a. sea:
J. M. Macoun.

bb. Leaves more or less distant and decurrent. Endosto-
mial membrane elevate; cilia long; lid conic.

— 388 —

186.B.commutatum Schimper. — Webera Sch.; Brvum Boulay.

Leaves oval-ovate or suboblong us. short-acuminate and erect
when dry. Perichetial leaves oblong-lanceolate more distinctly
denticulate. Capsule suboval dark or blackish brown. — On
earth in alps. Zur. not uncommon. Norway! Finl.: Brotherus.
France: Husnot. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren. Can,: Macoun.
*B.microdontium Kindb. — Webera microdenticulata C. M.
et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves more glossy, patent when dry: perichetial somewhat
longer. Tufts looser. — Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit.
Col. 2100 metr. a. sea: Macoun.

* B.gracile Schleicher. — Webera Notaris.

Leaves smaller narrower more acuminate, appressed when
‘dry. Capsule narrower sometimes reddish. Stem often with us.
red bulbilli. — Alps r. Eur. Norway, Switzerl.! Austria: Venturi.
Amer. Can.: Macoun.

* B.subcucullatum C. M. et Kindb. — Webera cat. Can. m.

Leaves small suboblong gen. obtusate, appressed when dry:
lower obtuse. Capsule smaller. Stem without bulbilli. Tufts
dense. — Higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. 2100 metr. a. sea:
Macoun.

* B.Cardoti Renauld. — Webera Ren.; Bryum Kindb.

Lower leaves often subobtuse. Capsule sometimes erect when
moist, sometimes pendent when dry. — Amer. r. U. 8. Oregon:
Henderson, com. Cardot.

* Bfilum Schimper.

Leaves not reflexed, often subobtuse, more distant or less

distinctly crowded; cells wider. Tufts high often loose. Capsules

unknown. — Alps r. Eur. Norway! Switzerl.: Culmann, com.
Husnot.
* B.carinatum Boulay. — »Webera cucullata var.»: Husnot.

Leaves carinate not reflexed nearly appressed, very glossy.
Capsule thick; pedicel short. — Rocks r. Hur. Mont Blane:
Payot, com. Husnot.

*B.Payoti Schimper. — »Bryum Blindii var.»: Husnot.

»Leaves broad-ovate long-decurrent nearly entire, imbricate
when dry. Tufts 4—6 c. m. high not tomentose. Capsules
unknown. — Alp. rivulets r. Eur. France: Payot»: Limpricht.
187.B.microsporum Kindb. — Webera pyecnodecurrens C. M.
et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Differs from B. commutatum: Leaves distinctly serrate longer-
decurrent, more glossy and finally reddish, patent when dry;

— 389 —

cells narrower, Capsule reddish yellow; cilia sometimes sub-
appendiculate. Spores very small. — Alps r. Amer. Brit. Col.
2100 metr. a. sea: Macoun.

188.B.canadense Kindb. — Webera micro-apiculata ©. M. et
Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Leaves small suboblong or oblong-lanceolate apiculate or
narrowed to a short gen. entire acumen, finally red, appressed
when dry; the uppermost denticulate faintly reflexed; cells
very narrow; costa faint, vanishing far below apex. Tufts dense
not high, green above, reddish below. Capsules unknown. —
Rocks r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.: Macoun,
189.B.norvegicum Kindb. — B. micro-commutatum Kindb.
botan. notiser 1896.

Leaves small oval-ovate obtusate or short-acuminate faintly
denticulate nearly crowded and gen. not decurrent; cells not
wide; costa not excurrent. Tufts low green. Differs from B.
commutatum: Capsule subglobose or broad-piriform purplish or
finally dark brown-red, often erect; neck very short; teeth brown-
yellow; pedicel us. shortish. — In alp. region r. Eur. Norway
Dovrefjeld and Tronfjeld!

5. Albicantiformia.
190.B.albicans Wahlenberg. — Mniobryum Limpr.

Leaves not glossy, often glaucous green sometimes finally
red; cells rhomboidal; costa not percurrent. Lower leaves ovate
or ovate-oblong; upper acute not reflexed, distant short-decur-
rent, us. narrowly ovate-lanceolate. Capsule glaucous finally
reddish or orange-brown, blackish when old, thick piriform;
neck thick; teeth orange; lid mamillate; pedicel long. Tufts
loose often high when sterile, about 2—38 c.m. when fruiting.
Dioecious. — Wet places prince. in alps, Hur. common in alps.
Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: J. Macoun; Moser.
Alaska: J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson, com. Cardot.

* B.sparsum »Hampe»: C. Mueller.

Leaves smaller; cells narrower. Stem short. — Amer. r, U.
S.: Roell; Bolender, com. C. Mueller.

VI. Epipterygium Lindberg.
191.B.Tozeri Greville. — Webera Schimper.

Leaves pale green; the larger oval or obovate abruptly short-
acuminate acute decurrent; inner cells wide rhomboidal. Smaller
leaves oblong. Capsule small obovate rufescent; neck short;
lid conic; annulus very broad; pedicel not long. Stems short
not tufted. Diocecious. Habit of B. carneum. — Wet earth r.

— 890 —

Eur. France: Philibert; Du Noday. Engl.: Curnow. Amer. Pacif.
distr. Can.: Macoun. U. 8.: Henderson. com. Cardot.
VII. Pohlia Hedwig, in part.

A. Capsule large narrowly oblong. Upper leaves narrowly
ovate-lanceolate distinctly reflexed. Tufts loose.
192.B.elongatum Hedwig. — Pohlia H.; Bryum Dickson.

Upper leaves sharply acuminate more or less denticulate.
Capsule not pendent, with us. curved longer neck; lid r. ro-
stellate; pedicel long. Us. paroecious. —- Earth and rocks
prince. below alp. regions. Hur. not r. Norway! Sweden: E.
Adlerz.

*B.ambiguum Limpricht. — Webera Limpr.; Bryum Kindb.

»Leaves denticulate only near apex: upper suddenly. larger.
Cilia split. — Hur. r. Austria»: Limpricht.

* B.acuminatum Hornschuch. — Pohlia Hsch.; Bryum Br. eur.

Leaves denticulate near apex: upper often suddenly larger.
Capsule not shorter than the us. straight neck; lid often ro-
stellate. — Earth and rocks prince. in alps. Eur. Norway, Swit-
zer].!| Sweden: H. Nordenstrcem. Scotl. Rogers. Amer. Can.: Ma-
coun; Fowler.

B. Capsule not large, suboblong or subobovate. Upper
leaves faintly reflexed, broadly ovate-lanceolate. Tufts dense.
193.B.polymorphum Hoppe et Hornschuch. -— Pohlia Hop.
et Hsch.; Bryum Br. eur.

Capsule gen. suboblong and pendent; neck shorter, r. curved;
lid not rostellate; pedicel us. short. Leaves crowded us. ap-
pressed when dry; cells very narrow. Stem us. naked below
or beset with very small leaves. Tufts low. Us. paroecious. —
Earth and rocks in alp. regions. Eur. not r. Norway, Switzer].!
France: Husnot. Amer. r. Greenl.: Berggren; Vanhoeffen.
*B.brachyearpum Hoppe et Hornschuch. — Pohlia Hop. et
Hsch.; Bryum Kindb.; B. nudicaule Lesquereux; Sullivant icon.
m.; Webera microcaulon C. M. et Kindb. cat. Can. m.

Capsule. thick subobovate. Us. monoecious. — Alp. rocks
r. Eur. Norway! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.: J. Macoun. Alaska:
J. M. Macoun. U. 8.: Bolender, com. C. Mueller.

* B.pseud-acuminatum Kindb. n. subsp.

Capsule larger, suboblong and gen. not pendent. Stem and
pedicel longer. Us. monoecious or dioecious. — Alp. rocks r.
Eur. Norway!
194.B.subpolymorphum Kindb. n. sp.

Capsule oblong pendent, smaller than in B. polymorphum;

— 391 —

neck shorter; lid rostellate. Leaves less crowded and not ap-
pressed when dry, sometimes subdecurrent; cells wider. Stem
uniformly foliate, not naked below. Dioecious. — Alp. regions
r, Amer, Can. Brit. Col. 1950 metr. a. sea: Macoun Canad.
musci n. 468,

156. Leptotheca Schwegrichen.
1.L.Wrightii Sullivant.

»Comal leaves oblong-obovate or obovate-spathulate, narrowly
margined, recurved, serrulate above; costa excurrent. Capsule
erect cylindric; endostome rudimentary. Tufts low dense to-
mentose. Pseudo-monoecious. — Amer. r. U. S. Florida»: Lesq.
et Jam.

Fam. 33. Buxbaumiacee.
157. Buxbaumia Haller; L.
1.B.aphylla L.

Capsule brown, depressed on upper side with thick border
and persistent cuticle; teeth short in a single row. — Bare
earth esp. in fir-woods or on decayed wood. Eur. not r. Swe-
den! Austria: Schmidt. France: Brébisson. Amer. r. Can.: Ma-
coun.
2.B.indusiata Bridel.

Capsule green neither depressed nor margined; cuticle split-
ting; teeth in 4 rows, each row increasing in length. — Rotten
logs. Hur. not r. Sweden! France: Husnot. Amer. r. Can.:
Macoun.

158. Diphysecium Ebrhart; Mohr.
1.D.sessile Schmid. — Buxbaumia Schmid; Diphyscium Lindb.;
D. foliosum Mohr.

Leaves small linear-lingulate, curled when dry; upper cells
rotundate, lower oval-oblong, outer basal linear pellucid; costa
not pereurrent. Perichetial leaves very large not chlorophyllose,
from ovate-oblong base long-acuminate ciliate near apex; costa
excurrent to a long rough hairpoint. Capsule large ovoid
small-mouthed often curved; endostome white. Dioecious. —
Earth and rocks. Eur. not r. Switzerl.! Amer. Can.: Macoun.

Fam. 34. Andregacee.
159. Andrea Ehrhart.
A. Leaves nerveless us. appressed when dry.
1. Petrophile. Leaves more or less papillose. Us. mon-
oecious.

— 392 —

B. Leaves costate, not appressed when dry, often falcate.

2. Nivales. Leaves papillose, crisped or flexuous when dry;
the perichetial costate. Dioecious, r. fruiting.

3. Rupestres. Leaves smooth or (sometimes in A. frigida)
faintly mamillose, not crisped: inner perichetial convolute and
(exc. A. Rothit) nerveless. Monoecious.

1. Petrophile.

A. Leaves broader above base, somewhat large; perichetial
obtusate. Stem often longish.

a. Leaves slightly crenulate at base; cells small.
1.A.alpina L. — Jungermania L.; Andreea Smith.

Leaves short-acuminate obtuse crowded nearly smooth, us.
appressed when dry. Tufts blackish; stem erect not much
high. — Rocks near Atlantic sea r. Eur. Norway! R. Hartman;
F. Kier.

b. Leaves entire; cells somewhat large.
2.A.Hartmani Schimper.

Leaves large gen. obtusate and distant, nearly smooth and
not appressed. Tufts brownish. Stem us. very long and floa-
ting. — Stones in rivulets in northern alps r. Eur. Norway!
Sweden: K. F. Thedenius.

* A.Thedenii Schimper.

Leaves less large and more distinctly acuminate, crowded,
faintly papillose, often appressed. Tufts blackish brown; stem
erect not much high. — Wet rocks in norther alps r. Eur,
Norway!
3.A.obovata Thedenius.

Leaves less large gen. long-acuminate, crowded, distinctly
papillose and appressed, reddish or brown-red when moist.
Tufts blackish when dry; stem erect not much high. — Wet
rocks in northern alps r, Hur. Norway! Sweden: R. Hartman.
Finl.: Brotherus. Amer. Greenl.: Berggren.

B. Leaves broader near base, gen. small and appressed
when dry; perichetial sometimes acuminate. Tufts loose; stem
erect.
4.A.petrophila Ehrhart.

Leaves ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate acuminate gen. sub-
obtuse distinctly papillose and crowded: inner perichetial us.
obtusate. Tufts gen. brown and low. —— Siliceous rocks com-
mon. Eur. Sweden, Norway, Switzerl.! Spain: Levier. Amer.
Can.: Macoun; Waghorne.

— 398 —

* A.alpestris Thedenius. eo y
Leaves smaller and less papillose, alonicacamnan obtuse;

cells smaller. Perichetial leaves obtusate obtuse. Stem thinner.

Tufts us. blackish. — Northern alps r. Eur. Norway! Amer.

Can.: Macoun.

* A.papillosa Lindberg.
| Leaves very papillose often nearly subulate-acuminate; calls

aoniewhat large. Perichetial leaves acute short-acuminate. Tufts

often high and blackish. — Princ. in arctic distr. r. Eur.

Norway! .Spetsbergen: Berggren. Amer. »Greenl.»: Lange:

* A.subsparsifolia Kindb. n. subsp. :

Leaves gen. long-acuminate: perichetial acute acuminate; vals
not large. Tufts .brown somewhat nigh. — Eur. vr. dined
on rocks near Atlantic sea in Oerkedall. Biba
* A.tenella Kindb. n. subsp. ‘ a

Leaves narrow long-acuminate often éronillate above, very
small; cells small as in A. alpestris. Stem capillary. Tufts
low blackish. — Alp. region r. Eur, Spain hospice de Vénasque
in Pyren. mts 1800 metr. a. seal
* A.sparsifolia Zetterstedt. :

Leaves distant gen. long-acuminate acute, also the periche:
tial. Tufts sometimes olive-green, often somewhat high. — In
alps vr. Eur. Norway: Bryhn.:Sweden: E. Nyman. 2
* A.sublavis Kindb. note on Can. bryol. 1893 (as var.).

Leaves small distant spreading gen. nearly smooth: periche-
tial gen. acute long-acuminate, Tufts low blackish brown. .—.
Amer. ry. Can. Vane. isl: J. M. Macoun.
5.A.parvifolia C. Mueller in Flora 1887. :

»Plant very small. Leaves minute from oval biventricose
base narrowed to a suboblong round-obtuse acumen, -very pat
pillose: perichetial subobtusate or acuminate. Capsule minute;
pedicel very short. Dioecious. — Arctic distr. r. Amer. Alaska»?
Cc. M.
; 2. Nivales. :

A. Leaves papillose on whole lamina, not densely. crowded,
more or less crisped. Tufts loose and high when sterile. i
6.A.nivalis Hooker, :

Leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually narrowed to the aebiutatd.
acumen, papillose prince. at borders; costa not or slightly excurl
rent. Tufts us. blackish or. black-red when dry. — Wet sahd
on alp. often inundated rocks r. Eur. Norway! Sweden: E.
Adlerz. France: Zetterstedt. Austria: Husnot m. Gall.

26

— 394 —

7.A.Macounii Kindb. bull. Torr. club 1890.

Leaves from short ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate base
abruptly narrowed to the sublinear acumen, papillose princ. on
upper part of costa, whick is purple red gen. long-excurrent
but not filling whole acumen below. Tufts browo or brown-
red when dry. Capsules unknown. — On inclined faces of
rocks by rivulets in higher alp. region r. Amer. Can. Brit. Col.
2250 metr. a. sea: J. Macoun. U. 8. Oregon: Roell.

B. Leaves smooth on lamina, papillose on the long-excur-
rent costa, crowded, slightly crisped. Tufts low dense.
8.A.Blyttii Schimper.

Leaves from short ovate base abruptly narrowed to the ex-
current costa. Tufts us. blackish when dry. — Northern alps
r. Eur. Norway: M. N. Blytt; Zetterstedt. Amer. Greenl.: Berg-
gren, com. Nathorst.

3. Rupestres.

A. Leaves with not or slightly excurrent costa; the inner
perichetial with percurrent costa.
9.A.Rothii Weber et Mohr.

Leaves crowded us. ovate-lanceolate broadly acuminate sub-
acute and not falcate. Tufts low dense blackish or red-brown.
— Siliceous rocks. Hur. not r. Norway! Sweden!; R. Hartman.
France: Husnot. Amer, r. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

* A falcata Schimper.

Leaves falcate smaller, from ovate-oblong base abruptly nar-
rowed to the subulate acumen. Tufts us. blackish. — Alp.
rocks r. Eur. Spain, Switzerl.! France: Husnot. Amer. Can.:
Macoun.

B. Leaves gen. with long-excurrent costa: inner perichetial
nerveless,

a. Leaves short ovate or ovate-oblong crowded often sub-
erect when dry: perichetial us. smooth.
10.A.crassinervis Bruch.

Leaves subovate; costa thick terete long-excurrent. Inner
perichetial leaves long-acuminate, outer costate, Tufts dense
blackish. — Rocks princ. below alps near sea. Eur. Sweden
less r.l; M. Huss. Norway: E. Nyman. Finl.: Axel Arrhenius.
Amer. r. N. Foundl: Waghorne.
11.A.obtusifolia Berggren in sched.

Leaves ovate-oblong; costa faint applanate excurrent not fil-
ling whole acumen below. Nearly all perichetial leaves nerve-
less: inner obtusate or short-acuminate. Tufts loose blackish.

— 395 —

-— Dry siliceous rocks in arctic distr. r. Amer. Greenl.: Berg-
gren, com. Nathorst.

b. Leaves gen. ovate-lanceolate patent also when dry.

aa. Leaves somewhat distant: inner perichetial very papillose.
12.A.Huntii Limpricht.

Leaves falcate; costa not filling whole acumen below. Tufts
dense blackish. — Rocks princ. in lower districts r. Eur. Swe-
den: C. Indebetou. Norway: E. Nyman. Engl.: Holt. Portugal:
Levier. Amer. Can. Vane. isl: Macoun.

bb. Leaves crowded; the perichetial smooth.
13.A.frigida Huebener.

Leaves broadly acuminate subobtuse; outer perichetial costate.
Tufts dense reddish brown or blackish. — Siliceous alp. rocks.
Eur. not yr. Spain! Portugal and Corsica: Levier. Germany:
Limpricht. Austria: Breidler.
14.A.angustata Lindberg.

Leaves narrowly long-acuminate subacute: perichetial nerveless.
Tufts loose blackish very low. -—1n alp. region r. Eur. » Austria
1600 metr. a. sea: Breidler»: Limpricht.

Fam. 35. Bruchiacee.
160. Bruchia Schwegrichen.

A. Calyptra hispid. Capsule with nearly indistinct neck.
I. Trachymitra. Capsule wholly immersed; pedicel very short.
Upper leaves long-acuminate subovate-lanceolate; costa percur-
rent. Spores nearly smooth about 0,03 m. m. Monoecious.

B. Calyptra glabrous. Capsule gen. distinctly necked.

II. Pseudo-Trematodon. Capsule with narrow often defluent
neck; pedicel gen. long-exserted above the upper leaves. Spores
about 0,02 m. m., more or less papillose. Us. monoecious.
Ill. Eu-Bruchia, Capsule with gen. thick (not defluent) and
not longer neck; pedicel short-exserted or immersed. Paroecious
or (B. Drummondii) monoecious, r. dioecious.
I. Trachymitra Kindb.

1.B.Ravenelii Wilson; Sullivant icon. muse.

Upper leaves nearly gradually acuminate; costa nearly filling
upper part of the serrulate acumen. — Amer, r. »U. S.»:
Sullivant.
2.B.Caroline Austin; Britton in contrib. from Columbia coll.

Upper leaves gen. from subobovate base abruptly acuminate;
costa broadly bordered by lamina of the nearly entire acumen.
— Amer. r. »U. 8.: Austin»: Britton.

— 896 —

II. Pseudo-Trematodon Kindb.

A. Upper leaves slightly sinuolate above; costa not excurrent.
3.B.Bolenderi Lesquereux; Sullivant icon. m.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate nearly gradually narrowed. Cap-
sule shorter than the not defluent neck; pedicel longer. —
Amer. ry. »U. 8.»: Sullivant.

B. Upper leaves us. entire r. denticulate; costa excurrent.
4.B.longicollis Eaton bull. Torr. club 1890.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate nearly gradually narrowed; costa
filling upper half of acumen. Capsule shorter than the defluent
neck; pedicel long-exserted. — Amer. r. »U. 5.»: Eaton.
5.B.trobasiana Notaris.

Upper leaves subovate-lanceolate gradually narrowed, costa
not filling whole acumen below. Capsule not shorter than the
subdefluent neck; pedicel scarcely exserted above upper leaves.
Sometimes paroecious. — Hur. r. Austria: Breidler, com.
Warnstorf.
6.B.vogesiaca Schweegrichen.

Upper leaves ovate-oblong abruptly narrowed to a by costa
filled acumen. Capsule not shorter than the defluent neck;
pedicel long-exserted. — Eur. r. France: Boulay; Buchinger.

III. Eu-Bruchia.

A. Costa of leaves excurrent.
7.B.curviseta Lesquereux et James.

»Upper leaves subovate, denticulate above. Capsule wholly
exserted, longer than the thick neck; pedicel curved or genicu-
late, not shorter. Spores papillose. Paroecious. — Amer. U.
S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
8.B.Drummondii Hampe. — B. brevipes Sull. |. c. (non Hooker).

Upper leaves entire from subovate base abruptly narrowed
to the subulate by costa nearly wholly filled acumen. Capsule
wholly immersed; pedicel short. Spores less papillose. Mon-
oecious. —- Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sullivant.

B. Costa of leaves not excurrent.

a. Leaves short obtusate or short-acuminate.
9.B.brevifolia Sullivant icon. muse.

Uppér leaves from longer, ovate-oblong base nearly gradually
narrowed to the short acumen; costa percurrent. Capsule partly
emergent; pedicel very short. Spores nearly smooth somewhat
small. — Amer. ry. »U. S.»: Sullivant.
10.B.fusea Britton 1. c.

Upper leaves ovate or broad-ovate obtusate or very short-

— 3897 —

acuminate, often obtuse; costa abbreviate or scarcely percurrent.
Capsule exserted; pedicel nearly immersed. Spores as in the
last. — Amer, ry. »U. S.»: Mrs Britton.

11.B.Hallii Austin; Britton 1. c.

Upper leaves subovate very short-acuminate acute; costa per-
current. Capsule wholly exéerted; pedicel nearly emergent at
apex. Spores large papillose. — Amer. r. »U. S.o: Mrs E. G.
Britton.

b. Leaves long-acuminate. Spores somewhat large, us. very
papillose.
12.B.texana Austin; Britton 1. c. — B. flexuosa var. nigricans
Sull. lc.

Upper leaves from ovate-oblong base abruptly subulate-acu-
minate, entire. Capsule wholly exserted, longer than the thick
neck; pedicel subemergent. — Amer. U. 8.: com. Macoun.
*B.Donnellii Austin; Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves sinuolate above, sometimes faintly papillose. Pedicel

often emergent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
* B.Sullivantii Austin; Lesq. et Jam. — B. flexuosa Sull.1.c.
in part.

Capsule partly emergent. Spores larger, more papillose. —
Amer, r. »U. S.»: Sullivant.
13.B.flexuosa Schwgrichen. — Phascum Schw.; Bruchia C. M.;
B. Beyrichiana Sull. 1. ¢.

Upper leaves from ovate-oblong base nearly gradually narro-
wed to the linear- subulate by the (not excurrent) costa nearly
filled acumen. Capsule oval piriform without distinct neck,
partly emergent; pedicel not shorter. — Amer. r. U. 8.: Lang-
lois, com. Cardot.

161. Pleuridium Bridel.

A. Monoecious with gemmiform male flowers.

a. Branches julaceous. Leaves obtusate or short-acuminate;
upper cells small rhomboidal.
1.P.Sullivantii Austin. — »P. nervosum» Sull. icon. m., non
Brid.

Leaves subovate crowded: upper with thick excurrent costa,
perichetial abruptly acuminate much larger. Capsule broad-oval
thick-pointed; pedicel nearly half as long. — Amer. r. »U. S.»:
Sullivant.

b. Branches not julaceous. Leaves long-acuminate; the upper
larger; cells rectangular.

— 398 —

2.P.alternifolium Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Pleuridium
Rabenhorst.

Upper leaves somewhat abruptly subulate gen. serrulate above:
costa sometimes excurrent. Capsule subovoid with straight point.
Tufts green. — Hur. not r. in northern distr. Sweden! France:
Lamy. Finl.: Bomansson. Amer? U. 8.: Howe; Sullivant, com.
C. Mueller.
3.P.Bolenderi C. Mueller.

Upper leaves gradually subulate nearly entire, shorter than
in the last; costa excurrent. Capsule ovoid with oblique point.
Tufts dark green. — Amer. r. U. S. Chicago: Roell. ~

B. Paroecious or synoecious.

a. Upper leaves not larger than the lower.
4.P.axillare Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Pleuridium Lindb.;
P. nitidum Rabenhorst.

Leaves narrowly ovate-lanceolate acute; costa faint not ex-
current. Capsule ovoid often lateral. — Eur. not r. Sweden!
Engl.: Rogers. Austria: Schmidt.

b. Upper leaves larger than the lower.
5.P.palustre Br. eur. — Phascum Br. eur.; Pleuridium Husnot.

Leaves crowded: upper ovate-oblong; costa long-excurrent.
Calyptra mitriform. Capsule round-ovoid; pedicel very short.

Protonema often persistent. — Wet earth. Zur. not common.
Sweden: 8. Berggren; J. Persson. Belgium: Gravet. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

6.P.subulatum Hudson. — Phascum Huds.; Pleuridium Ra-
benhorst.

Leaves gen. distant; the upper from ovate-oblong base nearly
gradually subulate; costa not well-defined above and scarcely
excurrent. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule ovoid apiculate; pedicel
us. very short. Protonema not persistent. — Sandy soil. Eur.
prince. in southern distr., r. in northern. Switzerl.! Sweden: M.
Huss. Engl.: Whitehead. France: Husnot. Amer. »U.8.»: Lq. et J.
*P.anomalum Kindb. in nuovo giorn. bot. ital. 1898 (as var.).

Capsule with distinct lid; pedicel arcuate emergent above
leaves. — On sand at a stonewall, mixed with P. subulatum
and Ditrichum pallidum (hybride form ?). Hur. Switzerl. near
Lugano!

*P.astomoides Limpricht.

»Hybride form ? Capsule without distinct lid, shorter than
the straight not emergent pedicel. — Mixed with P. subulatum
and Ditrichum pallidum. Eur. Austria: Breidler»: Limpricht,

— 399 —

7.P.Ravenelii Austin. ;

»Differs from P. subulatum: Upper leaves with longer sub-
lanceolate base; costa excurrent. Capsule broadly apiculate, a
little larger. — Light sandy soil r. Amer. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

162. Archidium Bridel.

A. Monoecious with male flowers on separate branches.
Leaf-cells subrectangular.
1.A.ohioénse Schimper; Sullivant icon. muse.

Leaves distant patent sublinear-subulate serrulate above; the
perichetial from ovate base abruptly acuminate; costa gen. not
excurrent. — Clay soil r. Amer. Can.: Macoun.
2.A.Hallii Austin.

Leaves crowded suberect sublinear-subulate nearly entire; costa
sometimes excurrent. Perichetial leaves not seen. — Amer, r.
U. S.: Henry, com. Cardot.

B. Synoecious or subparoecious (submonoecious).
3.A.alternifolium Hooker et Taylor. — Phascuro H. T.; Ar-
chidium Schimper; A. phascoides Brid.

Leaves distant patent sublinear-subulate gen. entire; cells sub-
rectangular; perichetial leaves from ovate-oblong base abruptly
acuminate; costa sometimes excurrent. Stem with numerous
flagelliform shoots. Habit of Pleuridium alternifolium, -- Wet
soil viz. near lakes r. Hur. Sweden: France: Berthoumieu.
4.A.longifolium Lesquereux et James.

»Synoecious. Leaves narrowly lanceolate-subulate; cells gen.
rectangular; costa excurrent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
5.A.tenerrimum Mitten.

»Differs from B. ohtoénse: Subparoecious. Leaf-cells much
shorter and closer. — Amer. r. U. S,: Drummond»: Lesq.
et Jam.
6.A.Ravenelii Austin.

»Synoecious. Lower leaves ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate or
acute or obtuse entire; cells round-oval or rhomboidal; costa
sometimes excurrent. — Amer. r. U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

163. Ephemerum Hampe.

1. Eeostata. Leaves nerveless (r. faintly costate in upper
half.).

- Costata. Leaves costate. Spores papillose.

1. Eeostata.

A. Leaves serrate above middle; cells wide.
1.E.serratum Schreber. — Phascum Schr.; Ephemerum Hampe.

Leaves narrowly suboblong not long-acuminate. Spores pa-

— 400 —

pillose 0,05—0,07 m. m. — Eur. not r. Sweden: Hamnstreem.
Austria: Schmidt. France: Berthoumieu. Amer, »U. S.»: Lesq.
et Jam.

*E.precox Walther et Molendo. — E. intermedium Mitten.

Leaves faintly costate in upper half. — Eur. r. »Engl.»:
Braithwaite.

2 E.minutissimum Lindberg.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate long-acuminate. Spores nearly
emooth ‘smaller than in the last. — Hur. r. »Engl.»: Braith-
waite. Amer. Can.: Macoun; Drummond n. 10.

B. Leaves nearly entire; upper cells narrow.
3.E.stellatum Philibert.

Leaves from subovate base abruptly narrowed a a inte ibis
late’ acumen. Spores smooth 0,04—0,05 m. m. — Eur. r.
France: Philibert.

2. Costata.

A. Leaves from broader base gradually subulate.

a. Leaves nearly entire. Calyptra campanulate.
4.E.sessile. Br. eur. — Phascum Br. eur.; Ephemerum C. M;
E. stenophyllum Schimper; Braithwaite. a

Leaves with long-excurrent costa; cells somewhat narrow
nearly uniform. Capsule sessile; columella rudimentary. Spores
0,06—0,08 m. m. — Hur. r. France: Camus; Philibert. Amer.
*U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Leaves serrulate nearly all around. Calyptra subcucul-
late split at one side.
5.E.ecrassinerve Schwegrichen.

Leaves with smooth not excurrent costa; cells rectangular
nearly uniform. Capsule very short-pedicellate; columella com-
plete. —- Described to figures in icones muscorum by Sullivant;
his own description not is agreeing. — Moist clay ground.
Amer. »U. S. common»: Lesq. et Jam.
6.E.spinulosum Bruch et Schimper.

»Differs from the. last in leaves narrower; costa excurrent
into a long hyaline spinulose arista. — Amer. Same locality
as the preceeding»: Lesq. et Jam.

B. Leaves from long base abruptly narrowed to a shorter
often deflexed acumen, more or less serrate above middle..

a. Calyptra cucullate. Costa of. leaves excurrent.
7.E.recurvifoliam Dickson. — Phascum Dicks.; Ephemerum
Boulay; Ephemerella Schimper; E. pachycarpa C. M.

Leaves sublinear-lanceolate often somewhat long-acuminate,

ee

sometimes falcate when moist;' cells subrectangular or the wpper
shorter. Spores about 0,04 m. m. — Eur. r. France; Brébisson.
b. Calyptra campanulate. Costa of leaves faint gen. not
excurrent. ,
8.H.coherens Hedwig. — Phascum Hedw.; Ephemerum Hampe.
Leaves suboblong short-acuminate; cells irregular: upper rhom-
bic... Spores 0,05—0,07 m. m. — Eur. r. Austria: Breidler.
Amer, »U. 8: common»: Lesq. et Jam. ou
*K.Flotowii Funck, — Phascum Funck;-Ephemerum Limpr.
»Leaves sublanceolate somewhat donpatyminate, often nearly
entire. — Bur. :r. Germany»: Schimper.
9 E.Ruthei Schimper; Husnot m. Gall.
Leaves sublinear-lanceolate long-acuminate; cells nearly uniform.

Spores about 0,05 m. m. — Eur. r. »Germany»: Schimper.
164, Nanomitrium Lindberg.
1.N.tenerum Bruch. -—— Phascum Bruch; Nanomitrium Lindb.;

Micromitrium megalosporum Austin; Sulliv. icon. m.; Epheme-
rum longifolium Philibert.

. Leaves. narrowly ovate-lanceolate faintly serrulate nearly all
around, suberect when moist. Capsule with hyaline walls and
very short subacute point, sometimes transversely splitting when
pressed. Spores faintly papillose about 0,03 m. m. — Eur. r.
France: Thériot; Philibert. Amer. »U. S.»: Sullivant.
2.N.Austini Sullivant. —- Ephemerum Sulliv.; Nanomitrium
Ren. et Card.; Kindb. revue bryol. 1895; Micromitrium Austin;
Sull. icon. muse.

Differs from the last: Leaves longer-acuminate, more subulate,
entire below middle, spreading or deflexed when moist; cells of
capsule larger, not hyaline; spores smaller scarcely 0,03 m. m.
nearly smooth. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sulliv.
3.N.synoicum James. — Ephemerum Jam.; Nanomitrium Ren.
et Card.; Kindb. 1. ¢.; -Micromitrium Austin; Sull. icon. muse.

Leaves narrowly ovate lanceolate long-acuminate subulate en-
tire, suberect when moist. Capsule neither apiculate nor regu-
larly splitting; cells as in the last Spores about 0,02 m. m.,
eustinetly papillose. — Amer. r. »U. S.»: Sulliv.

; 165. Ephemeridium Kindb. revue bryol. 1895.
1.E.papillosum Austin. — Ephemerum Aust.; Sullivant icon.
musc.; Ephemeridium Kindb. 1. ¢.

Leaves long narrowly ovate-lanceolate, tapering above middle
to the subulate acumen, sharply serrate nearly all around, sub-
erect when moist; ‘cells rectangular nearly uniform; costa per-

— 402 —

current serrate at back. Capsule subapiculate; cells small; ca-
lyptra covering half capsule, laciniate. Spores about 0,02 m. m.
nearly smooth. Confounded with Ephemerum crassinerve. --
On thin soil and rocks r. Amer. »U. 8.»: Sulliv.
2.E.hystrix Lindberg. — Ephemerum Lindb. manip. muscor, 2
(Societ. pro flora et fauna fenn. 1874); Lesq. et Jam.; Ephe-
meridium Kindb. (Ephemerum spinulosum Bruch et Sch. ?).
»Leaves narrowly lanceolate-subulate, long-spinulose at mar-
gins, open-erect or subsecund, not much passing capsule; costa
pereurrent nearly filling the subulate point, spinulose at back.
Capsule large very shortly conic-rostellate. Spores minutely
tuberculate very large. — Amer.r. U.S.: Louisiana»: Lindb. 1. ¢.

Fam. 36. Voitiacee.
166. Voitia Hornschuch.
1.V.nivalis Hornschuch.

Leaves distant long-acuminate not recurved; cells oblong-
hexagonal or subrectangular; costa gen. long-excurrent, in up-
permost leaves sometimes not excurrent. Capsule subovate-
oblong; pedicel thick 2—3 c. m. long. Perichetial leaves ob-
tusate; costa long-excurrent. Spores small. Tufts tomentose
3—8 c. m. high. — On animal dung in alp. region r. Eur.
Austria: Breidler.
2.V.hyperborea Greville et Arnott.

Differs from the last: Leaves broad-ovate obtusate gen. api-
culate; costa percurrent or short-excurrent. Shoot-leaves small
obovate; costa vanishing far below the short point. Capsule
suhglobose smaller, sometimes shorter rostrate; pedicel thin less
long. Stems us. not tufted. Perichetial leaves not seen. —
Arctic distr. r. Eur, Spetsbergen: R. Gyllencreutz.

Fam. 37. Physcomitrellacee.
167. Physcomitrella Bruch et Schimper.

1.Ph.patens Hedwig. — Phascum H.; Physcomitrella B. S.

Leaves sublingulate or sublinear acute or short-acuminate;
costa subpercurrent. Capsule apiculate; pedicel more or less
distinct. Stem us. simple. -— Wet clayey soil. Hur. not r.
Sweden! Finl.: Bomansson. France: Brébisson. Amer. »U. S.»:
Lesq. et Jam.

168. Aphanorhegma Sullivant.

1.A.serratum Hooker et Wilson. — Schistidium H. W.; Apha-
norhegma Sull. icon. m.

Leaves linear-lanceolate gen. with long subulate acumen; costa

— 403 —

often percurrent. Capsule globose obtusely apiculate; pedicel
short or indistinct. Stem often finally branching. — Wet
clayey soil r. Amer. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. Mueller.
2.A.Hampei Limpricht (»Physcomitrella patens + Physcomitrium
sphericum»). -— Physcomitrella Limpr.; Aphanorhegma Kindb.

Calyptra as in the last. Capsule oval with short conic point,
pedicel not much shorter. Leaves as in Physcomitrella, — Eur. r.
»Germany»: Limpricht.

Fam. 38. Phascacee.
169. Phaseum I.

A. Leaves close to an head-like bud, us. smooth and ser-

rulate.
I. Acaulon. Capsule immersed globose not or indistinctly
mamillate; calyptra very short mitriform. Leaves us. serrulate
at the mostly recurved borders; costa r. long-excurrent. Mon-
oecious with distinct male flowers. Plants minute.

B. Leaves not densely close, us. papillose and entire (or
faintly sinuolate).

a. Capsule not rostrate.

II. Aschisma. Capsule immersed subglobose apiculate; ca-
lyptra broad short submitriform, often cleft at one side. Leaves
papillose involute; costa subpercurrent. Monoecious with distinct
male flowers. Plants minute.

SII. Eu-Phascum. Capsule often exserted, oval-globose api-
culate or r. mamillate; calyptra us. broad subcucullate or r.
mitriform. Leaves us. papillose often reflexed; costa excurrent.
Paroecious. Stem often distinct.

b. Capsule obliquely rostrate.

IV. Mildeella. Capsule sometimes exserted, suboval or r.
globose; calyptra narrow cucullate. Leaves mostly papillose;
costa gen. long-excurrent. Monoecious with distinct male flowers,
or dioecious. Stem distinct.

I. Acaulon C, Mueller.

A. Leaves smooth; costa complete.

a. Leaves concave; costa subpercurrent.
1.Ph.muticum Schreber. — Acaulon C. M.; Spherangium
Schimper.

Upper leaves subovate acute or short-acuminate; borders re-
curved (sinuolate or serrulate) above; costa short-excurrent or
percurrent. Inner perichetial leaves of same length, not wholly
convolute, us, serrulate and much longer than the short-pedi-

— 404 —

cellate capsule. — Eur. Sweden: Berggren. Engl.: Rogers. France:
Brébisson. Austria: Schmidt. Amer. »U. S., Calif.»: Lesq. et J.
* Ph.minus (Hooker et Taylor, as variety) Jeger. — Ph. muti-
cum var. minus H. T.; Acaulon Jeger; Phascum Kindb.

Smaller in all parts. Perichetial leaves entire scarcely rea-
ching above capsule. — Eur. r. »France and Engl.»: Limpricht.
*Ph.rufescens Jeger. — Acaulon Jeg.; Phascum Kindb.;
Spherangium Lesq. et Jam.

»Leaves mostly not revolute. Pedicel of capsule sometimes

curved. — Amer. U. S.. very common in eastern and central
states»: Lesq. et Jam.
2.Ph.mediterraneum Limpricht. — Acaulon Limpr.; Braith-

waite; Phascum Kindb.; Acaulon Holtii Lindb. in litt.

Leaves smaller and narrower than in Ph. muticum, entire,
gen. not recurved; cells smaller. Perichetial leaves unequal in
length; the upper one much longer, wholly convolute and nearly
entire. Capsule mamillate; pedicel indistinct. — Hur. r. Eng-
land: G. A. Holt.

b. Leaves carinate; costa excurrent.
3.Ph.triquetrum Spruce. — Acaulon C. M.; Spherangium
Schimper.

Leaves suboval: subacute; borders recurved and sinuolate often
nearly all around; costa excurrent to a short deflexed point.
Inner perichetial leaves us. 3 of same length. Pedicel of cap-
sule curved. Plant resembling a triquetrous bud. — Hur.
Austria: Breidler; Schmidt. France: Goulard, com. Husnot.
Amer. Can.: Drummond, com. Macoun.

*Ph.piligerum Notaris. — Acaulon Limpr.

Leaves with long-excurrent costa. — Eur. »Italy»: Notaries.

B. Leaves papillose on both sides; costa not evolute in
lower part, long-excurrent.
4.Ph.Schimperi Sullivant. — Acaulon Sull. icon. muse;
Spherangium Lesq. et Jam.

Upper leaves concave, serrulate and recurved above, subovate
with narrow subulate patent or deflexed point. Perichetial
leaves subobovate not convolute. Capsule mamillate; pedicel
curved. — Amer. »U. 8. r.»: Sull.

Il. Aschisma Lindberg.
5.Ph.earniolicum Weber et Mohr.

Upper leaves coacave oblong-lanceolate subobtuse, not close
when moist; upper cells green round-quadrate, lower hyaline
short-rectangular. Capsule subglobose; pedicel very short. Plants

— 405 —

minute cespitulose. — On sand and earth r. Hur. »Mediterr.
distr.»:Husnot. Amer, »U. S.»: Lesg. et Jam.
III. Eu-Phascum.

A. Capsule with distinct lid; calyptra very papillose.
6.Ph.rectum Withering. — Pottia Mitten; Braithwaite. . ,

Leaves entire papillose suboblong or subobovate. Capsule
oval-globose exserted; pedicel straight; calyptra cucullate. Stem
simple. Hur. r. Engl.: Wood. France: Le Jolis. Greece: Orpha-
nides. Italy: Arcangeli. a

B. Lid not distinct. Calyptra smooth or faintly rough.

a. Stem and pedicel indistinct. Plant subgemmiform.
7.Ph.Floerkei Weber et Mohr. —-- Microbryum Schimper.

Upper leaves papillose us. oval-ovate acuminate gen. entire,
erect or patulous; their point reflexed when dry. Capsule sub-
globose immersed; calyptra short us. mitriform. — Eur. x,
France: Brébisson. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.

b. Stem distinct often divided. Pedicel distinct.
8.Ph.acaulon L. 1753. — Ph. cuspidatum Schreber 1770.

Upper leaves entire erect oblong-lanceolate cften nearly smooth.
Capsule oval-globose not or scarcely exserted above perichetial
leaves; pedicel sometimes curved. Calyptra gen. broad sub-
cucullate, r. short mitriform. — Zur, common in plains on
fields. Sweden! Amer. U. S.: Sullivant, com. C. M.
*P.piliferum Schreber.

Leaves narrower, piliferous by costa; upper cells smaller more
rotundate. —- Eur. Sweden! Amer. Can.: Drummond.
9.Ph.curvicollum Ehrhart.

Differs from Ph. acaulon: Upper leaves longer acuminate
slightly sinuolate near apex. Capsule wholly exserted; pedicel.
curved longer; calyptra narrow cucullate. — Eur. r. Sweden:
J. Persson. France: Brébisson.

IV. Mildeella Limpricht.
10.Ph.bryoides Dickson. — Pottia Mitten.

Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or r. acuminate, entire; costa
us. long-excurrent. Capsule suboval; lid distinct with subulate
beak; pedicel red. Stem 2—10 m. m. high. — »Peristome
rudimentary»: Limpricht. — Zur. not r. Germany: Ahnfeldt;
Roell. Austria: Schmidt. Amer. »U. S.»: Lesq. et Jam.
11.Ph.subexsertum Hooker; C. M. syn. .

Differs from the last: Upper leaves crenulate-papillose above,
sparingly chlorophyllose. Capsule globose; lid not distinct; beak
thick; pedicel reddish yellow. Stem 5-—8 m. m. high. —.
Amer. r. Can.: Drummond, com. Macoun.

— 406 —

Glossary.

Alar (cells) special group at basal
angles.

Alate (stem) bordered by leaf-sub-
stance.

Angular (cells) those of basal angles.

Apiculate with short point.

Apophysis basal enlargement of
capsule.

Appendiculate with small spurs.

Areolation tissue of cells.

Arista awn.

Attennate tapering.

Auricled with ear-like angles.

Barren sterile.

Beak tip of lid (of capsule).

Bifarious placed on two sides.

Bifid cleft to middle.

Cancellate latticed.

Cernuous drooping.

Cespitose forming matted tufts.

Cilia hair-like appendages of inner
peristome.

Circinnate rolled into a circle.

Comal (leaves) the uppermost.

Cochleariform concave as a spoon.

Complanate flattened.

Complicate folded together.

Connate united.

Costa rib of a leaf.

Cribrose sieve like.

Crisped strongly curled.

Cucullate (calyptra) cleft at one
side; (leaf) involute at apex.

Cultriform like a blade of a knife.

Cuspidate tapering to an acute point.

Decurrent (leaf) prolonged down-
ward upon the stem.

Deflexed bent downward.

Defluent running downward.

Deoperculate without lid.

Dimorphous of two forms.

Distichous in two opposite rows.

Emarginate notched at summit.

Entire without incisions.

Eradiculose rootless (without rhi-
zoids).

Exannulate without annulus.

Excurrent ending beyond apex.

Fasciculate collected in small bund-
les.

Fenestrate with dilated apertures.

Filiform thread-like.

Fimbriate fringed.

Flagelle like a thong of a whip.

Flexuous bending inward and out-
ward.

Fusiform spindle-shaped.

Gemmiform bud_like.

Glabrous hairless.

Habit general aspect.

Heteromorphous of different forms.

Homomorphous of like form.

Hyaline clear as glass.

Imbricate disposed like tiles.

Immarginate without special bor-
der.

Immersed not emergent.

Julaveous like a roller (by appres-
sed leaves).

Lamelle small thin narrow plates.

Lamina part of leaf (above a sheath).

Lateral placed at the side.

Limbate with a list (border).

Lingulate tongue-shaped.

Mamilla small nipple on lid or at
apex of a leaf-cell.

Muticous without hairpoint.

Nodose nobbed.

Oblong 3 times as long as broad.

Obsolete indistinct.

Obtusate not acuminate.

Oval twice as long as broad and
broader near middle.

Ovate egg-shaped.

Papilla small rounded prominence.

Paraphyllia leaf-like appendages.

Pedicel stalk of capsule.

Percurrent reaching to apex.

Pinnate branching on two sides.

Plicate folded lengthwise.

Pulvinate cushioned.

Piriform pear-shaped.

Ramose branching.

Recurved, revolute, reflexed bent
back on the border.

Rimose with narrow apertures.

Rostellate (lid) with short beak.

Rostrate with long beak.

Rugose wrinkled.

Second turned to one side.

Serrate with teeth as a saw.

Serrulate with smaller teeth.

— 407 —

Setaceous bristle-like.

Sinnolate not wholly entire.

Sinuous crenulate at walle.

Squamiform like a scale.

Strangulate strongly constricted
below mouth.

Siriate with fine furrows.

Strumose with a swelling below.

Sub-; nearly (subovate nearly ovate).

Subulate awl-shaped.

Snleate grooved.
Terminal placed at top.
Tomentose with soft matted hairs.
Truneate transversely cut above.
Tumid, targid swollen.
Umbraculiform as an umbrella.
Wing: border of leaf-base, prolon-
ged on stem; (in Polytrichacee)
prominent part of lamina; (in
Fissidentacee) stipular appendage.

Synonyms of pleurocarpous genera or species.

Page

Acrocladium . » » 81
Alsia . . : » . 9, 20
Amblystegium : 121, 127—130
Anisodon °. a 14
Anomodon a “44, 46
Brachythecium collinum . 105
densum . . 130
erythrorhizon . . 133
Geheebii 90
glaciale . . 100
harpidioides 133
idahense 106
lamprochryseum . 88
olympicum . . 118

Payoti ai bis - 100
pseudo-collinum . 106
pseudo Starkii 100
reflexum, Roellii 101
Roteeanum . . . 109
spurio-acuminatum . . 89
Starkei . - . 100, 102
trachypodium . . 100
tromsoénse . 106
utahense . 105
vagans 118
Villardi . . + 98
Braunia ......-. 5
Bryhnia F 94
Camptothecium . 43
Chrysobryum 85
Claopodium ioe cae x BA
Climacium ....... 438
Cryphea . .-+-..... 7
Cylindrothecium sa « 29
Entodon expallens . 65
Eurhynchium circinnatum . 33
colpophyllum . 111
crassinerve 111

Page

Eurhynchium germanum 111
myosuroides . 86
piliferum ._ . 110
pseudo-serrulatum . . 67
revelstokense . . . 67
semiasperum . . . 114
striatulum . . . 48
striatum . . 40
subintegrifolium . . . 68
Vaucheri . . il
Elodium . . 58
Fontinalis . . . 151
Helicodontium . . 26
Heterocladium . 47, 49
Homalia * . 18, 19
Homalothecium 88, 90, 92
Hookeria . 22, 23
Hylocomium . . . 134
Hyocomium . . 42
Hypnum acutainatum. 88
acutum . . 100
alaskanum . Al
arcuatum . 136
Bigelowii 20
Bolenderi . . 102

Boscii 124
brevifolium 130
californicum U7
caloosiense . 66
chloropterum . 94
coloradense . 124
curtum . . 100
curvisetum . . 103
cylindricarpum 65
distans 95.
Durizi . 121
Fitzgeraldi . . 120
flaccum . . 123

— 408 —

Page Page
Hypnum flexuosum . . . . 130 | Hypnum Hateanebium) . 79, 68
Formianum . . . .128/Isopterygium. . . et dan
fulvum . . .. . . %|Leptodon. ......-- 7
Haldanei .. . . 122| Leskea algarvica . . . . . 57
Heufleri. . . . . . 187 Austini. . . . . - 46
hispidulum .. . . 120 cyrtopbylla .... 49
homalostegium . . . 48 denticulata. . . . . 47
hygrophilum . . - 121 Kegelii . . . . . . 65
Jacquini ... . - 102 leta . ie se a e a
Kegelii . . . . . + 6 nervosa. .-.... 12
Krausei. . . .- » 105 pallescens . . . . . 137
lentum ...... 97 papillosa . . .. . 49
Leseurii. . . . . . 79 pilifera. . « 2 ea. « @
Lorentzii . . . . . 64 pulvinata . . . . . 26
Macounii . . . . . 185 rupestris . .... 12
meridionale . . . . 4 tristis . . ... . 46
micans . . 4s ar ke OOM Wollei . . . . . . 49
microcarpum . . . . 63|Meteorlum ...... 21
Muehlenbeckii . . . 119; Myurium . . a ee
nemorosum . . . .123|'Neckera . . 15, 20, 22, 31, 151
Nove Anglie . . . 94} Orthothecium . . . . 27, 121
obtusifolium . . . . 98} Pilotrichum . ... . . 1b
occidentale. . . . . 48! Plagiothecium . . 119, 120
oedipodium . . . . 100] Pseudoleskea. 11, 26, 48, 49, af
oxycladon . . . . . 88| Pterogonium. . .
pallescens . . . 187, 1388] Ptychodium . ... . " 5i_54
planum. . . . 69] Pylaisia . . ae 62
purum, Schreber . . 42 Raphidostegium . i Yates id 123, 140
Sommerfeltii . . . . 120] Rhynchostegium 63, 64, 103, 104
striatulum . . . . . 38) Scleropodium .. . 98, 99, 117
striatum . . . . . 40); Scorpiurium . . . 383
tenellum .. . . .102)|Stereodon. . . 61, 74, 186— 138
Waghornei. . . . .138|Thamnium . . woe, 189
Wrightii . . . . . 74|Thedenia . ....... 61

Index of families.

A. Pleurocarpous.

1. Crypheacee. 2. Anomodontacee. 3. Fabroniace. 4. Ptero-
bryacee. 5. Neckeracez. 6. Leptodontacee. 7. Meteoriacexe. 8. Hoo-
keriacez. 9. Leskeaceex. 10. Entodontacez. 11. Climaciacee. 12. Thui-
diacee. 13. Hypnacee. 14. Fontinalacez. ;

B. Acrocarpous.

15. Schistostegaceee. 16. Eustichiaceew. 17. Polytrichaces. 18. Geor-
giacee. 19. Fissidentaces. 20. Splachnacese. 21. Dicranacew. 22. Seli-
geriacee. 23. Grimmiacem. 24. Weisiacese. 25, Calymperacez. 26. En-
calyptacee. 27. Orthotrichacee. 28, Meeseacez. 29. Cinclidiaces.
30. Bartramiacee. 31. Funariacee. 32. Bryacew 33. Buxbaumiacee.
34. Andresaces. 35. Bruchiacex. 36. Voitiacee. 37. Physcomitrellacez.
38. Phascacez.

— 409 —

Synonyms of acrocarpous genera or species.

Page
Acaulon - 403
Amphoridium . 816
Anodus . . 21l
Anomobryum . 850
Aongstremia . 191
Aschisma . . 404
Atrichum . & . 18 156
Barbula 247—272, 278, 291
Bartramia . . . . 827, 328
Bryum . 3819, ‘345, 346, 362, 363
Calymperes : . . 290
Campylopus . 176, 188—190
Ceratodon . : 3 . 260
Cynodontium . hye 206, 210
Desmatoion . 252—259, 277, 282
Dichodontium . » . « . 206
Dicranodontium. . 190, 191, 202
Didymodon oe oe we 3 266
Distichium » « & «18
Entosthodon . 331, 332, 335
Epipterygium - . « « B47
Eucladium . 284
Glyphocarpus . 328
Glyphomitrium . i we 248
Grimmia . 236, 244
Gymnostomum . . 261, 288
Gyroweisia . 289, 290
Hymenostomum . . 286
Hyophila 3 . 289
Leptobarbula . . 261
Leptobryum . < a w & » BAG
Leptotrichum _ 177-181, 208
Macromitrium ee wm a le

Page
Metzleria . . 187
Mildeella . . 405
Mnium . 321, 335, 345
Molendoa . ye hw OLY
Oligotrichum . . 156, 164
Oncophorus 182, 191, 211
Oreoweisia - . » 184
Orthopyxis . 8387
Pharomitrium . 272
Philonotis . - 184
Pleuroweisia . « BLT
Pleurozygodon . . 817
Pogonatum . 157—160
Pohlia . . 820, 347
Pottia 979, 284. 285, 289
Ptychomitrium . . . . 241—243
Racomitrium . 225, 228, 229
Schistidium Fi 2 ~° 239
Sphezrangium » 403—404
Stableria . 820
Stylosteyium . . 214
Systegium . « « 285:
Tetraphis . 164, 165
Tetrodontium . . 165
Timmiella . » « 241, 252
Tortula 260, 274, 291
‘Trichodon. . . . 178
Trichostomum 251—254. 273 —281
Ulota - - 805—308
Webera . . 349
Weisia . . 211

. 819

Zieria

Corrections and additions.
Page 49, 1. 27: segments us. split; p. 92, 1. 41—42: pedicel rough;

. 94, 1. 14: Amer. N. Found:

segments hyaline; p. 161,

Waghorne; p. 119, 1. 34: alar cells large;
Ms 188, 1. 24: Capsule small oblong pale, finally whitish; teeth very pale;

I. 14: “cell of lamelle; p. 164, 1. 23: ‘Leaves

entire; p. 180, 1. 40: Leaves of sterile shoots; p. 335, 1. 23: N. FoundL:

Waghorne.

i

— 410 —

Index of acrocarpous genera.

Aloina. . ....
Amblyodon. .. .
Anacolia . j 8
Andrema .
Anoectangium .
Aongstremia
Aphanorhegma
Archidium
Aulacomnium .
Barbula

Bartramia
Bartramidula
Bartramiopsis .
Blindia, Brachydontium 213,
Brachystelium s is
Breutelia .

Bruchia

Bryum

Buxbaumia .
Calymperes . A
Campylopus. ...
Campylosteliam
Catharinea P
Catharinella . . .
Catoscopium
Ceratodon

Cinclidium

Cinclidotus .
Conomitrium
Conostomum
Coscinodon .
Crossidium .
Cynodontium
Dermatodon
Dialytrichia .
Dichodontium .
Dicranella
Dicranoweisia .
Dicranum

Didymodon .
Diphyscium .
Discelium oo
Dissodon. . .... .
Distichium .
Ditrichum eis -S
Drummondia ... .
Encalypta
Ephemeridium .
Ephemerum

Eustichia

Page
270
819
328
391
317
177

Fissidens
Funaria
Geheebia .
Georgia
Grimmia .
Haplodon
Leptotheca

-Leucobryum

Leucolepis z
Macromitrium .

Meesea

Merceya . . .
Mielichhoferia .

Mnium

Nanomitrium . :
Octoblepharum, Oedipodium .
Oligotrichum 5
Oncophorus .

Oreas . e 4%
Orthodontium . . . .
Orthotrichum . . . ;
Paludella . oS So,
Phascum .

Philonotis
Physcomitrella .
Phyecomitrium .
Plagiobryum
Pleuridium
Polytrichum

Pottia .

Psilopilum
Pterygoneuron .
Pyramidula .
Racomitrium
Rhabdoweisia .
Rhizogonium . .
Rhodobryum, Roellia
Schistostega
Schlotheimia
Scouleria .

Seligeria .
Splachnum .
Syrrhopodon F
Tayloria, Tetraplodon
Timmia

Trematodon .
Trochobryum

Voitia .

Weisia.

Zygodon .

. 846,

. 173,

Page
165
329
269
164
215
173
391
176
835
313
318
297
319
338
401
175
155
210
211
820
298
318
403
324
492
332
319
397
157
281
156
272
335
235
21
335
345
153
314
244
211
172
290
174
334
177
214
402
283
314

Reprinted from THE OTTAWA NATURALIST, Vol. XIV, No. 5
Ottawa, August 1900,

ADDITIONS TO THE NORTH AMERICAN AND EURO.
PEAN BRYOLOGY (MOSS-FLORA).

By N. Conr. KINDBERG.

Since the publication of my ‘‘ European and North American
Bryinez (Mosses) described” (1897, December), I have received
many mosses, collected by Prof. John Macoun in the Rocky Moun-
tains, 1897, in Cape Breton, 1898, in New Brunswick and Nova
Scotia (with Sable Island) 1899; by Mr. /. MZ. Macoun in Alaska ;
by Rev. A. C. Waghorne in Newfoundland ; by Prof. C. F. Baker
in Alabama and Colorado ; by Mr. C. MZ. G. Machado in Portugal ;
by Mr. #. A. Avtaria in Italy; by Dr. H. V. Arnell, Mr. J. Persson
and Mr. P. Larsson in Sweden.

The results of the new discoveries in America are very interest-
ing because of new localities for many species, described by myself
as new, sometimes from a single place. Also several ones
described as sterile, have been found in a fruiting state. Several
species discovered in British Columbia, have since been found in
other districts.

There are also some new species and varieties to be added.
A species belonging to the family ypopterygiaca, hitherto not
found above the Tropic of Cancer, was collected on Queen Char-
lotte Islands, situated in lat. 56%, off the coast of British Columbia,
in the Pacific Ocean.

Some species are new both to America and Europe. :

I will also propose some remarks concerning some families
and genera following my treatise ‘‘ Studien uber die Systematik
der pleurokarpischen [Laubmoose,” Botan. Centralblatt, 1899,
2 and 12.

78 Tue Ottawa NATURALIST. {August

‘‘Meteoriacee,’’ differing from Hookeriacez only in pen-
dent stem, may be considered as a group (Meteoriee) of this
family ; but the genus Papzllaria (not found in N. America) may
consist of a proper family, Papdllariacee.

“ Thuidiacez’’ are rather a group (Thuidiee) of
Hypnacee.

“* Hypnum nigrescens, Swartz’’ was related by Jaeger and
Sauerbeck to Papillaria, by myself (Bot. Centralblatt, 1899, 2)
to a new, genus, 77zcholepis. Its characters are :

Capsule exserted; peristome double; endostome ‘‘tricholepide”
(with filiform segments). Calyptra glabrous. Leaves limbate by
short cells ; inner cells minute, shortish, faintly or not papillose;
costa short, double. Stem pendent. ‘‘ Meteorium nigrescens
Mitten.’ Lesq. et James, Manual of the Mosses of N. America.
It is to be placed in the famity Crpheefacee.

‘* Leskea tristis Cesati,’’ was found in. Japan in fruiting state,
describedas Haplohymenium Sieboldi, by Dozy and Molkenboer,
but identified by Mitten. Its name may be Haplohymenium triste
(Cesati) Kindberg, Revue Bryol., 1899, 2, so characterized :
Capsule globose; endostome wanting; lid rostrate; pedicel red.
Calyptra rough and hairy. Stem without paraphyllia. Leaves
crenulate by papilla; alar cells indistinct. Dicecious. Family:
Anomodontacee.

Hypopterygiacee. Secondary stem (as in many hepatics, viz.
Jungermania) furnished with amphigastria. Leaves quite di-
stichous (not subdistichous as in Meckeracee); primary stem
rhizomatic (subterranean), the secondary tree-like ; leaves smooth;
cells subrhombic; costa simple; capsule symmetric; endostome
‘* dicholepide RE epide” (with carinate and segments);
calyptra cucullate; pedicel smooth. Pleurocarpous.

HYPOPTERYGIUM, Bridel.

1. ‘Hypopterygium canadense, Kindberg, Revue Bryol.,
1899, 2.
Branch-leaves small, crowded and appressed, broadly ovate
apiculate, dentate nearly all around, narrowly limbate by hyaline
narrow cells; other cells subrhombic, about 0.02 mm.; costa short;

1900] KinpBERG—Bryovoecy. 79

amphigastria rotundate dentate limbate; costa confluent with the
point. The naked part of stem about 1 c.m., the upper one scarcely
longer. Capsules and male plants unknown. --Rocks near Pacific
Ocean r.; Amer. Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Is-
lands, 1898 (growing together with the fern Asplendum viride): Dr.
Newcombe, communic. Macoun.

Cryphaa pendula, Lesquereux & James. Outer peristome
reddish. Alabama: C. F. Baker. Anomodon platyphyllus,
Kindb.; A. rostratus (Hedwig) Schimper; Alabama: Baker. A.
subrigtdulus, Kindb., and A. fectorum (Al. Braun) Kindb.—
Canada, Rocky Mountains : Macoun.

Fabronia Wrightit, var. brachyphylia, Kindb., with ovate-
oblong leaves, yellow peristome and lid of capsule furnished with
longish often curved point, and F. Ravenedit, Sulliv. Alabama:
Baker.

Neckera Macounti, C Miller & Kindberg (related to ™
obtusata by Mitten) is gererally dicecious and rarely fruiting ; it is
not easily (as MV. James¢i, Schimper) distinguished from MV. ¢richo-
manoides ina barren state.—Newfoundland (sterile): Waghorne.

Thelia compacta, Kindb.; Leskea polycarpa, Ehrhart- “L. sub-
obtustfolia, C. M. & Kindb.; L. Cardotz, Kindb.—Alabama : Baker.

Leskea obscura, Hedwig. Canada: Macoun; Alabama:
Baker; Europe, Italy, Argegno by Lago di Como: F. A. Artaria
(‘‘ Pssudoleskea Artariai,”’ Thériot, Revue Bryol., 1891, 1). New
to Europe. ntodon seductrix (Hedw.), C. M.; &. compressus
(H.), C. M.; 2. drevisetus (Hooker & Wilson), Kindb.; Platy-
gyrium repens (Bridel), Br. Eur. Alabama: Baker. Pseudo-
leskeella catenulata (Bridel), Kindb. Canada, Rocky Mountains :
Macoun. New to America. Thutdium delicatulum (L.), Mitten,
var. repens, with creeping stem. N. Brunswick: Macoun.
T. Phitiberti, Limpricht, with smaller capsule than in 7. delica-
tulum and allied species. N. Brunswick : J. Moser, com. Macoun.
(‘* Z. laxtfolium (Schwegr)”’ is doubtful, perhaps Zurhynchium
reflexum.)

Pylaista intricata (Hedw.), Schimp.; P. polyanthos (Schreber)
Br. eur.-Alabama : Baker.

Raphidostegium laxepatulum (Lesq. & Jam.), Kindb. Canada,
Cape Breton: Macoun. Alabama: Baker,

80 Tue OTTawa NATURALIST. {August

Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.), Kindb. Alabama :
Baker. ,

Plagiothecitum pseudo-latebricola, Kindb. Canada, Cape
Breton: Macoun. P. albulum (C. M.), Kindb. Alabama: Baker.

2. Plagiothecium denticulatum (L.). Br. Eur. * P. Ruthei,

Limpricht.

Capsule larger and more curved ; cilia sometimes appendicu-
late ; pedicel often 4 c.m. long ; leaves large, generally without
point, nearly undulate when dry. Not very distinct. Europe,
Sweden! ‘‘ Germany”: Limpricht.

3. Plagiothecium curvifolium, Schliephacke; Limpricht.

Leaves somewhat small, often partly recurved, ovate-oblong
with a short often curved point; capsule not large, faintly oblique ;
cilia present; lid usually muticous. Moncecious. Resembling
P. letum and nearly agreeing with P. aciculari-pungens, C. M.
& Kindb. Rocks r.; Eur., Norway! Sweden: P. Larsson; ‘‘Ger-
many” : Limpricht.

4. Calliergon subgiganteum, Kindberg, n. sp.

Differs from C. giganfeum in monoecious inflorescence, from
C. cordifolium in stems or branches pinnate and leaves auricled—
from both in the very short ccsta of the leaves, in stem-leaves
generally nearly indistinct, in branch-leaves reaching to the middle.
America, Canada, ‘‘Sask., Prince Albert,” 1896, (fruiting) :
Macoun.

5. Calliergon subeugyrium, Renauld et Cardot. Hypnum, Ren.
et Card.; Calliergon, Kindb.; C. dilatatiforme, Kindb., in
litt. ad Macoun.

Leaves broadly ovate or rotundate, obtuse, not decurrent ;
cells generally sublinear, except the finally reddish alar ; costa
usually short and double; capsule arcuate, very strangulate.
Moneecious. Tufts often brownish or golden glossy ; stem with-
out rhizoids. Habit of C. molle. ‘‘ Agrees with C. palustre in
capsule not annulate.” Rocks in waterr. Amer., Canada, N.
Brunswick and Cape Breton: Macoun; Newfoundland: Waghorne.

Camptothecium acuminatum (Hedw.), Kindb. Pedicel of

1900] KinpBerc— Bryo.ocy. 81

capsule smooth; Eurhynchium illecebrum (Beauvois), Milde.
Alabama : Baker.

Eurhynchium glaciale (Br. Eur.), Kindb., and &. labradoricum
Kindb. Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. &. scabrizdum, Lindb.,
new to America. Newfoundland : Waghorne.

6. Eurhynchium lusitanicum, Kindberg, Revue Bryol., 1898, 6
and 1899, |.

Stem decumbent, not creeping; paraphyllia numerous; leaves
subdistichous, nearly crowded, not distinctly decurrent ; alar cells
oblong, generally not well-defined ; other cells sublinear ; costa
vanishing near middle or somewhat above it ; stem-leaves from
cordate base attenuate with longish subpiliform point, sinuolate
below middle, entire above ; branch-leaves oval-oblong acuminate
apiculate, denticulate all around. Perichetial leaves small, narrow.
Capsule small, piriform, sub-symmetric, strangulate ; pedicel
smooth. Moneecious. Resembles £. megapolitanum but pecu-
liarly differing through the present paraphyllia. Europe, Portugal,
Coimbra: C. M. G. Machado.

7. Brachythecium cyrtophyllum, Kindberg, in Orrawa

NATURALIST, IV, 63.

Leaves small and short, not plicate, sometimes recurved at
one side, not or slightly decurrent, loosely appressed when dry.
Stem-leaves round-ovate or ovate, subobtuse or short-acuminate
acute, generally entire ; branch-leaves ovate, longer acuminate,
denticulate all around ; alar cells small, numerous, green or some-
times pellucid ; upper cells narrowly rhomboidal, inner sublinear ;
costa vanishing near middle. Dicecious. Capsules not seen.
Tufts green, faintly glossy. Resembles B. Fendleri, which differs
in all leaves denticulate long-pointed or long-acuminate, etc-
Elm logs r. Amer., Canada, Ontario : Macoun.

Brachythecium Hillebrandi, Lesquereux. Branch-leaves sub-
ovate acute, slightly acuminate; alar cells hyaline, well-defined
from the green ones. Alabama: Baker.

Brachythectum ‘‘ fagineum” (H. Miller) was ‘‘by Spruce
named Aypnum tenuicaule,’ WHAas-not muscol. gall.; its name
must therefore be changed to Brachythectum tenuicaule, but

82 THe Ottawa NATURALIST. {August

‘ Eurhynchium germanum, Groebe (Limpricht)” is a much
younger name.

Campylium unicostatum, C. M. & Kindb. Alabama: Baker.
C. sinuolatum, Kindb. Capsule small, curved ; perichetial leaves
costate, gradually long-acuminate, not striate.. Canada, Cape
Breton: Macoun; N. Brunswick: Moser, com. Macoun ; Ala-
bama : Baker.

Myurium Boscit (Schwegr.), Kindb. Alabama: Baker. MM.
hebridarum, Schimper (1860) was ‘‘ already—1844—in Seubert,
flora azorica, by Schimper named AHypnum Hochstettert.”
Braithwaite, Brit. Mossflora, 1899, p. 68. It must be named
Myurium Hochstetteri. Azores, San Miguel : Machado. :

Hypnum fluviatile, Swartz. Alabama and Wisconsin : Baker.
H. Bamberger’, Schimper. Canada: Macoun. A. vernicosum,
Lindb., may be considered as a proper species.

8. Hypnum exannulatum, Guembel, *H. pseudo-lycopodi-
oides, Kindberg, n. subsp. (n. sp. ?).

Agrees with H. exannulatum:in leaves long decurrent and
their large hyaline alar cells; but leaves are shortish and entire
with generally obtusate acumen; costa thicker; capsules not seen ;
resembles in habit Calliergon ochraceum, but stem-leaves are
plicate, as in Aypnum lLlycopodiordes. Amer., Canada, Cape
Breton : Macoun.

g. Hypnum polycarpon, Blandow ; Limpricht.

Differs from A. Knezffiz in leaves. generally striate, with
shortish acumen ; cells narrow. Eur. r. Italy, Como: Artaria;
“*Germany’’: Limpricht.

Hypnum Sendineri, Schimper in part ; Boulay. It may be ac-
cepted as a proper species. England (fruiting): G. A. Holt.

Hypnum plicatile (Mitten), Lesq. & Jam. * A. revolutum
(Mitten), Lindb., with large capsule and broad paraphyllia and
sometimes at insertion pale leaves (as in H. plicatzle). Colorado
(fruiting) : Baker.

Hiypnum Renauldi, Kindb. Alabama: Baker In this species
cilia of endostome are variable, either smooth or appendiculate, as
in H. curvifolium and H. Lindbergiz. In the figure of A. curvi-

1900] KInDBERG—Bryotocy. 83

foltum in Sillivant’s Icones cilia are smooth but described as
appendiculate.

fypnum fertile, Sendtner. Canada: Macoun; Sweden,
Oroust: P. Larsson.

1o. Hypnum imponentiforme, Kindb. N. sp.

Stem green, irregularly divided ; branches complanate ; para-
phyllia broad ; leaves not recurved, entire, short-acuminate, not
striate; those of stem ovate-oblong, the other ones longer ; inser-
tion pale yellow; cells sublinear except the distinct hyaline but not
numerous alar. Dicecious. Capsules not seen. Resembling ZH.
pratense in habit, but allied to A. zmponens. Turfy soil r.
Eur., Italy, near Como, 1897: F. A. Artaria,

11. Hypnum pseudo-circinnale, Kindberg N. sp.

Differs from A. czrcinnale . Leaves yellow at insertion, not
striped ; alar cells hyaline; stem-leaves tapering to a longer
acumen ; capsule cylindric, nearly straight ; teeth pale yellow;
stem with few rhizoids. Logs r. Amer., Canada, N. Brunswick:
Macoun.

12..Hypnum recurvatum, Lindberg & Arnell; Stereodon, Ldb. &

Arn.; Hypnum, Kindb.

Differs from H. dovrense: Leaves more gradually acumi-
nate, sometimes more recurved, often denticulate at acumen; alar
cells more distinct. Moncecious. Stem more regularly pinnate ;
tufts green or yellowish, not glossy ; capsule small. Eur. r.,
‘‘ Finland” ; Brotherus. Asia, Siberia: Arnell.

Fontinalis disticha, Hooker & Wilson. Alabama: Baker.
F. microphylla, Schimper; Limpricht and F. dadtica, Klinggraeff;
Germany : Liitzow, com. Warnstorf. /. gigantea, Sulliv., and F.
sertata, Lindb. (fruiting). Canada, Cape Breton : Macoun.

Catharinea angustata, Bridel. Alabama: Baker. C. Hausknechtit
(Juratzka & Milde), Brotherus. Canada, Cape Breton and Prince
Edward Island: Macoun. England, Surrey: E. F. Shepherd, com.
Waghorne.

Fissidens Raveneliz, Sulliv. Canada, Owen Sound: Macoun.
F. subbasilaris, Hedw. Alabama: Baker.

84 Tue OtTrawa NATuRALIST. [August

13. Fissidens rufulus, Bryol. Eur. * F. Warnstorfii, Fleischer
(as species).
Leaves loosely disposed, less opake, with paler, often hyaline
borders ; capsules not seen. In water r. Eur., Italy: Fleischer,
com. Warnstorf.

‘* Leucobryum”’ Leanum (Sulliv.), Kindb., appertains to
Campylopus, agreeing in capsule and calyptra, not described by
Sullivant & Lesquereux, or to Brothera C. Mueller.

Dicranum fulvum, Hooker. N. Brunswick (fruiting) : Moser,
com. Macoun. D. Scotted, Turner. Spitzbergen: com. Mr. K.
Johansson. D. subultfolsum, Kindb. N. Brunswick: Macoun.
D. pachyneuron (Molendo), Kindb.; capsule as in D. longzfolium.
Italy, Como (fruiting): Artaria. D. consobrinum, Renauld &
Cardot. Canada, Ontario and Nova Scotia, Sable Island: Macoun.
D. scopartiforme, Kindb. Canada, not r.: Macoun; Colorado:
Baker. D. pallulum, Bruch & Schimper. Alabama: Baker.
D. undulifolium, C. M. & Kindb.; capsule smooth. Canada (fruit-
ing): Macoun. D. Roelliz, Kindb. Canada, Vancouver Island :
Macoun. JD. majus, Smith, var. undulascens, Kindb., Oefversigt
of K. V. A. (Roy. Swed. Acad. of Sciences) foerhandl. 1899 n. 10;
leaves often undulate. Sweden, near Rostock in Dalsland! D.
camptophyllum, Kindb., var. with smaller capsules and porose
leaf-cells. Canada, Rocky Mountains: Macoun. JD. longirostre
(Weber & Mohr). Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. D. molle,
Wilson. Canada, Labrador: A. P. Low, com. Macoun. JD.
algidum, * LD. subspadiceum, Kindb.; capsule sulcate. Canada :
Macoun. DL. crispulum, C. M. & Kindb.; capsule sometimes
strumose; Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. WD. rhabdocarpum,
Sulliv.; capsule erect and nearly straight. Colorado (fruiting) :
Baker. D. groenlundicum, Bridel. Canada, Labrador: A. P. Low,
com. Macoun.

Dicranella cerviculatula, Kindb.; capsule generally erect-
symmetric. Canada, Cape Breton : Macoun.

Grimmia prolifera, C. M. & Kindb.; stem not always pro-
liferous. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. G. robustifolia, Kindb. Canada,
N. Scotia: Macoun. G. pulvinata (L.), Smith, var. cana. Ala,
bama : Baker.

1900] KINDBERG—BRYOLOGY. 85

(4. Grimmia (Pseudo-Racomitrium, sect. Trichophylloidee) ,
subcurvula, Kindberg, K. V. A. foerh. (Transactions of
Roy. Swed. Acad. of Sciences) 1899 u. 10.

Resembling G. pulvinata in capsule smooth, pedicel curved
and inflorescence monoecious, also in rectangular cells at the
angles of leaves. Differs in: leaves somewhat longer, broadly
ovate-lanceolate ; inner cells distinctly sinuous; hairpoint short ;
tufts low, about 1 c.m., blackish when dry, small and not pul-
vinate. Schistose rocks r. Eur., Sweden, near Rostock in Dals-
land!

15. Grimmia pilifera, Beauvois. *G. longidens, Philibert,
Revue Bryol., 1898.

Differs principally in ‘‘ monoecious inflorescence.” Rocks r.
Eur., ‘Switzerland, Culmann”: Philibert, 1. c.

16. Grimmia subflaccida, Kindberg. N. sp.

Agrees with the European G. flaccida (Notaris) Lindb., not
found in America, in brittle orange peristome and channelled ovate-
lanceolate entire leaves with not distinctly sinuous cells ; differs in
leaves smaller, recurved nearly all around, muticous or with short
rough hairpoint ; also in capsule narrower. Lid and calyptra not
seen. Rocks r. Amer., Canada, N. Brunswick: Macoun.

Racomitrium micropus, Kindb. Canada, N. Scotia ; Macoun.

‘*Grimmia calyptrata, Hooker,’’ was already (1867) by Hampe,
in Bryol. Mittheil aus dem Herbarium, p. 5, related to Coscz-
nodon, but named C. Hooker.

Brachystelium incurvum (Schwegr.), C. M. Alabama : Baker.
B. incurvum, * B. glyphomitrioides (Balsamo & Notaris), C. M.
Italy: Artaria. ,

Barbula nitida (Lindb.), Juratzka. Sweden, near Rostock in
Dalsland! New to Sweden. 2. Solmsiz, Schimper, var. with per-
current costa of leaves. Portugal, Coimbra: Machado. 2B. Vahlit
Schultz. Italy : Fleischer, com. Warnstorf. 8B. macrostegia
(Trichostomum, Sulliv.) was by Mitten, Musci Austro-Amer., p. 45,
named Rhamphidium macrostegium and related to Dicranacee.

Didymodon trachyneuron, Kindb.; capsule cylindric; lid conic
acute. Canada, Owen Sound (fruiting) : Macoun.

86 Tue Ottawa NaTurRAList. | August

17. Didymodon azoricus, Cardot.—Trichostomum, Cardot.
Mosses of the Azores and of Madeira, in report of the Missouri
Bot. Garden, 1897; Didymodon, Kindb.

Plants very small; stem 2-3 mm. Differs from D. triumphans:
leaves larger; costa not excurrent; capsule oblong; pedicel pale red.

Portugal, Coimbra: Machado. New to Europe.

18. Didymodon crispulus (Bruch), Wilson. * D. mucrona-
tulus, Cardot, as proper species.—Trichostomum, Cardot,
moss. of the Azores; Didymodon, Kindb.

Stem 5-7 mm. high; leaves sublinear-oblong : capsule (not
described by Cardot) subcylindric; lid rostellate; pedicel pale red.

Portugal, Coimbra, 1868: Machado. New to Europe.

Wersia rutilans (Hedw.), Lindb. *W. Ganderi, Juratzka.
Sweden, Nacka, near Stockholm: J. Persson.

19. Weisia Perssoni, Kindb., in Botan. Notiser, 1808.

Differs from W. viridula: leaves not involute; capsule con-
stricted to a very small mouth; pedicel short. (Peristome is
present.) Rocks r. Eur., Sweden, Scania (Skaone) near Kullaberg
1898: Apothecary J. Persson.

Encalypta alpina, Smith. Canada, Rocky Mts. : Macoun.

Orthotrichum, Bolanderi, Sulliv., and O. Watsonz, James.
Canada, Rocky Mts.: Macoun. O. Kingz, Lesquer. Colorado :
Baker. O. affine, Schrader; * O. sublimbatum, Kindberg, new
name (‘'O. subudatum, C. M. & Kindb.,” not ‘O. subulatum
Mitten,” Musci Austro-Amer.) var. subleve, Kindb., with nearly
smooth leaves. Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. O. pszlocarpum,
James, and O. diaphanum (Gmelin), Schrader. Alabama: Baker.
O. cupulatum, Hoffman. Colorado: Baker.

Zygodon Mougeoti, Br. Eur. Canada: Macoun. Z. Suldivantzz,
C. M.; leaves recurved. Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. New to
Canada.

20. Ancectangium canadense, Kindberg; n. sp. ‘* A. Horn-
schuchii,’’ Austin in Herb. Macoun ; ‘‘ Zygudon czspitosus
(Mitt.),” Kindb. Eur. and N. Amer. Bryinez, p. 316.

Leaves small, channelled, involute, smooth and (also at base)
entire, from broad base abruptly acuminate ; only lowest basal

1900] KinpBERG—BryoLocy. 87

cells narrow; costa scarcely excurrent ; tufts dense, rusty-red with
greembranch-tops, about 5 cm. high; capsules not seen. Amer.,
Vancouver Island, 1875: Macoun. |

Cinchkdium Macount, Kindb. Canada, ‘‘ Sask., Prince Albert”
1896 : Macoun. .

Bartramia viridissima, Bridel, and B. circinnulata, C. M. &
Kindb. Alaska, St. Paul’s Island : J. M. Macoun.

Philonotis Arneliit, Husnot. Sweden, near Uddevalla (fruit-
ing): P. Larsson. Not before found in fruiting state.

Funaria serrata, Beauvois, and Physcomitrium Langlovszi,
Ren. & Card. Alabama : Baker.

Limmia megapolitana, Hedwig; sheath of leaves (as in 7.
norvegica) papillose at back. Norway, in Dovrefjeld, truiting!
New to Scandinavian countries.

21. Timmia austriaca, Hedwig; *T. comata, Lindberg.

Agrees with Z. austriaca also in sheath of leaves smooth at:
back, as in 7. arctica and T. bavarica; differs from 7. austriaca
in smaller leaves and short stem. Eur,, ‘‘ Finland” : Brotherus ;
(Asia, Siberia: Arnell).

Mnium hymenophylloides Hiibener. Canada, Cape Breton:
Macoun. J. rostratum, Schrader, is usually synoecious. MZ.
cuspidatum (Schreber), Leysser, var. pachyphyllum, Kindb.; leaves
crowded, short-decurrent, crisped when dry; stolons wanting.
Alabama: Baker. JM. ciliare (Greville), Lindb.; distinct from /.
affine in leaves with ciliiform teeth, inner leaf-cells rotundate.
Canada, Cape Breton: Macoun. New to Canada. M. rugicum,
Laurer. Newfoundland: Waghorne. MM. spinosum (Voit),
Schwegr. Canada: Macoun. Colorado: Baker. MM, spinulosum,
Br. Eur.; *4. macrociliare, C. M. & Kindb. Alabama: Baker.

Bryum Ferchett, Funck, and *B. suecicum, Kindb. Sweden,
Dalsland! B. Duval, Voit. Alaska: J. M. Macoun. JB. Reyerz,
-Breidler; allied to B. alpinum (not to B. ventricosum); leaves
indistinctly limbate. Austria: Breidler, com. Warnstorf. B. fuscum
Lindb. Sweden: J. Persson. &. occidentale, Sulliv.; spores
nearly 0.02 mm.—B. gemmuligerum, Kindb. Canada, Ottawa,
clay bank: Macoun. 2. meeseoides, Kindb. Newfoundland:
Waghorne. Eur., ‘‘ Norway’: Dixon, Revue Bryol., 1899.

88 THE Otrawa NATURALIST. [August

B. lacustre, Blandow (‘‘ B. maritimum, Bomanson,” Arnell).
Sweden, Gestrikland: Arnell. 2B. AXnowltonz, Barnes; leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; tufts not always tomentose. N. Scotia,
Sable Island, Macoun. B&B. globosum, Lindberg. Newfoundland
(forma monoica: Waghorne. NewtoAmerica. B. Grefi, Schliep-
hacke (B. grandifiorum, Arnell). Sweden: Arnell. B. dappont-
cum, Kaurin; tufts sometimes 3 c.m. high. Sweden, Gestrikland :
Arnell. 2B. (Webera) Zescurti, Sullivant. Alabama: Baker.
B. (Webera) carneum L. Vancouver Island: Macoun.

Bryum ‘‘ atropurpureum,” Schimper, not Wahlenberg, is to
be named B,. &Szcolor, Dickson.

22. Bryum Donii, Greville; * B. humile, Kindberg, Revue f
Bryol., 1898, 6. af
Stem not very distinct, with small buds; leaves smalles

nearly entire, narrowly limbate and not distinctly recurved ; cat

sule smallish, brown or blackish, not shining ; pedicel 1.5 c.m.

Dicecious. Eur., Portugal, Coimbra; Machado.

a7

23. Bryum microstegioides, Kindberg. N. sp. is

Differs from B. submicrostegium. leaves short- -acuminate;\
capsule with large lid; endostomial membrane very low; cilia .
short, smooth. Amer., Alaska, Pribyloff Islands, 1891: Palmer.

21. Brvum Sen) pseudo-carneum, Kindberg. N. sp.
2aves shorter, ovate-oblong,
Capsules not seen. Sandy
SOM. Almet., Wanaud, is. Gewiin, Sue. Island: Macoun.

25. Bryum (Webera) atropurpureum, Wahlenberg, H. Lind-
berg, acta societ. pro faunaet flora fennica, t. xvi, n. 2, 1899.
Differs from B.carneum principally in stomata of capsule

superficial and generally narrower leaf-cells. Amer., Brit. Colum-

bia, Revelstoke and Cascade Mountains: Macoun. New to

America. Eur., ‘‘Sweden, Norway, Finland, Russia, Germany’:

H. Lindberg, 1. c.

Andreea nivalis, Hooker. Greenland: com. Macoun, 1899.

New to America.

Ephemerum Ruthet, Schimper. Germany: Ruthe, com.

Warnstorf.

Linkoeping, Sweden, “arch, 1900.

European and N. American
Bryines (Mosses)

described o

by
pe be Kindberg, FB or.
Professor of college,
memb. corresp. of Soe. des sciences nat. @ferbourg.

linkoeping, Sweilen:

9. Ke _Safilstrams Bookselling

(co. VW. Zickerman).

2 ee

Prize of both parts: for subscribers and in the bookselling of the

publisher: 20 swedish crowns (kronor), 29 francs, 23 Reichemark, 23
shillings;

in foreign booksellings: 36 francs, 29 Reichsmark, 29 cle
in America 7 dollars.

cee meee

Linképing,
Linkdpings Lithografiska Aktiebolag 1897.

‘

SS 5 ET SS ES SS

Additions to the North American and European Bryology
(Moss-Flora).

BY
NILs ConRAD KINDBERG, Pu.D., of Linkoping, Sweden.

Reprinted from THE Otrawa Natura.ist, Vol. XIV, No. 5,
, . Ottawa, Canada August, 1900,

(ISSUED 13 AUGUST, 1900.)