er ‘ a 9 : i oie NS ined oA: Wy) nt a pithy Wer Ne Ry (eis ‘ te tata aN rages i i ab eh Stes ys ey tts He, 1 ‘ait if ; $3 Processes ie ie ii eae i os eat ly ‘} MY ie eae tea a apo h e enipr py nips TCG May eee uf’ a1 Bitpouscs jai p ; aden i aera payee ation ey a iL THE JOHN - CRAIG LIBRARY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NEW YO°K STATE COLLEGE OF AG iSULTURE, EPARTAENT GF Hu TICULTURE, ornell University Library anadian fruit, flower and kitchen garde Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924000684518 ADVERTISEMENT, THE FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION OF ONTARIO. Rev. R. BURNET, Hamilton, - - - President. D. W. BEADLE, St. Catharines, - - Secretary. The Annual Report, illustrated with accurately executed en- gravings, and with one or more finely coloured fruit-plates, con- tains a large amount of very valuable information, and is sent, post-paid, to every member. A number of fruit trees are distributed every year to each member for trial. The entire expense of this distribution is borne by the Association, the members being required only to make report to the Association, through the Secretary, of the results of such trial. The Swayzie Pomme Grise Apple tree will be distributed in the Spring of 1875; the Downing Gooseberry in that of 1874; and the Tetofsky Apple in the Spring of 1876. Other selections will be made for distribution from time to time, as the Directors ascertain what varieties it is desirable to test. Prizes are given for Essays, Canadian Seedling Fruits, &c., of which a full announcement will be found in the Annual Report. Any person can become a member by sending the annual fee of one dollar to the Secretary. Any member who will take the trouble to send the names and fees of five new members, will re- ceive a double number of trees at the next distribution, CANADIAN FRUIT, FLOWER AND JKutcuen GARDENER, 1872. CANADIAN FRUIT, FLOWER, KITCHEN GARDENER. BY D. W. BEADLE, Eso., Secretary of the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario, Editor of the Horticultural Department of the Canada Farmer, &c., &¢. A GUIDE IN ALL MATTERS RELATING TO THE CULTIVATION OF FRUITS, FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES, AND THEIR VALUE FOR CULTIVATION IN THIS CLIMATE. TORONTO: PUBLISHED BY JAMES CAMPBELL & SON, 1872. Entered according to the Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-two, by Jamzs CamPBEut & Son, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture, HUNTER, ROSE & CO., PRINTERS, TORONTO, Detlicated, (By Permission,) Ea the Presidbent and Members @f the fruit {hres ssociation of {hai Bp their most devoten humble Servant, Whe SAL uthor, CONTENTS. SUBJECTS. FRUIT GARDEN. THE PROPAGATION OF Fruit TREES— PAGE Gretta N gy ssicnis la sigialggcticeis a shila omigetae ecaua ties eyeeaniaraneas ne lata, “1D How to Cleft Graft aver 6 How to Whip Grattiiic.c..cescvssnissvesessecsrsnasearynepawessconagvenemens 9 How to make Grafting Wax ..2.....ccscccccccseneecceeecneeneeecee nates 7 To prepare Waxed Cloth........ vax 11 To Select Scions................ wean EL Budding and when to Bud........... ccc cece eeeseseenereeenees 12 How: to; Select: Bids wise se sass sscascimed ence soxacatiianauorsnae waveceles 14 When to Remove the Ligature and Head Back the Stock......... 16 THE Pronine or Fruir Trers— When to Prune and Why... ececeseseeseesenene ee eer errors anton 18 Wihtere:to Prune: censicas savsivendidgeiveaasvaes ua nadaileankrewsess nese We atwndond 20 Prining to Produée Ertliticssrs weencsacvataviecuapecovenaanaas 21 TRANSPLANTING TREES— The best Time to Transplant. ........0....0..ccceeeeeeeeesseeeee ane eeeees 23 Preparing the Grow aicssisaserswiisariies weaves svvewiniedavmatedaisde sa eed 23 Howto: Plan ties sete vencbieed eatinnaabiahertideansitinipuselaeeatceanede: 25 The best Trees for Transplanting ............cc:cccsccccceeeeeneee teens 27 MvuLcHINc— What is Meant by Mulching..............0.ccceeceeeseeee cette tetas 26 How to Mulch, and why itis done........cccsesee eeeseseneeeceeneeane 26 TREATMENT OF YounNG OrcHARDS— Mo Protect Prom Mice: yet .aitssciec cuasier tia: aislractajeddevenanivea shia yea nies 30 To Keep the Bark Clean and Healthy...........ccccsecsecssseeeeee ers 31 LocaTIoN or OrncHaRD— Soiland Aspect: siccscccssnasainmermanusne: aces ne sesaemumnuabedentananas 31 Hills and Valleys 32 JnsvRious INSECTS, AND HOW TO GET RID OF THEM— The Tent Caterpillar.............cccccseseeeseeeees caietbiadsdeavnavaeees 35 The Two-striped Borer .......:.::cccce: ccscevessresenceeeeeereenes eeeeee 38 The Buprestis Apple Tree Borer...... 40 The Codling Worm 42, The Plum Corculio...:c.iscoiessae wioaisdsnedvarsaeeareuerseeareinees 45. vi CONTENTS. PAGE The Grape Vine Flea Beetle................cccsssseeeeeseeeesceeevonse ees 49 The Green Grape Vine Sphinx. oa ve 50 The Gooseberry Saw-fly.............-ccsceecessesesevenss teseseceesenaees 52 Tue Propucrion or NEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT— How they are produced ... Phdsirdiapeucsemuadaisa goand sata 53 Cross-fertiliza tom: 2..0ticc acosvates aqsnetia Wade unidisewstavsceenaeacantes 58 How to: Crogs-fertilizess.....60s sneseraieversedecsseinaconesesencdien samnsioe 59 Tue AprLe— Soil best Suited to Apples ........::cccscsesesesseeee cesseeenesaeetoee 61 How Propagate wis... cc sscasssnsvantsenece seaniars oceans ywesassaxanuowinnte 62 Gathering and Sorting for Market ..............0cccceeees cee eeeeeeeees 62 Packing and Marketing the Fruit ... av se 68 Best Kinds for Market................... oes ve Ot Dwarf and Half-standard Trees depeaaet seen 6B Varieties of Apples, with description of each.............000.000 66 Tur APRICOT— Cliniate and Soil Suwitable.......c..ccsciccae ces cine onniecnsett deseabenaeen 84 How Propagated.siieiissicavscnenee wescnnd aateedae wteees ve 84 Varieties, with description 85 THE CHERRY— Classes of Varieties and Soil best Suited ..........0...00. ceeeeeeeeeee 85 How Propagated and Stocks on which it is Grown va 86 Varieties, with full description...............cccscseessecseenstereree ees 87 THE NEcTARINE— Cultivation and ‘Varletdes wesssiniicstnaiaiiyvcccs seasatedtneasmcens, sence 92 THE PEacH— 94 95 95 Manures and Propagation. Standard Trees, sciscesscasccsaminanidiesss. asker wascsnoss Dwarf Trees and how to Plant them.... or 4 Heer te Pris C6 icvesisc ccasiss conseaccesvansdteusesin cin deahaseiadecron Thinning Out and Gathering the Fruit....... 0.0... eee 108 Growing for Market ....... Saitepiaaisnamienseitaakionde ues diae wanstaatadeeas 105 Varieties, with full description ..............:c:eccceeseceeeeeeeneeeeeees 105 Tae Prum— Cliinaite aiid Solis .2 iasanadivsce Ait seins cca aaiodduartaciaidated aseanammenaine 118 CONTENTS. vii. Best Fertilizers and Diseases.............. ceececcsseseeescceeeseneeevees 118 How Propagated........000...00 Varieties, with description THE Quince— Where it Can be Grown, and on What Soils..................0. . 122 Best Manures and How Far Apart to Plant ..........0.00. 0. 128 How Propagated and Varieties 0.0.0.0... .0.eeeeeceeeceneeeseeeee eens 123 Harpy Grares— , Proper Soils..............40 gstsintr Moraeeeeaiag Ronaualenteebamegaeaet pameeeas 124 Preparing the Ground and Manuring —......... eee 125 Distance Apart and Time and Method of Planting ................ 125 Treatment of Young Vines and Pruning and Training........... 126 Trellis: anid! Wire ciseae scans sca aislasncs siuniaadenuneieoncegnamesdaestenac 127 Varieties and description............0...ccseecceeeeee ceeceseeteeeneeeeee 132 Mildewis SG wisiiien cease odode seer poactintene ats deaeebaten anaes vosQuanees 1388 GRAPES UNDER GLASS— Shape and. Size of ViMeryisencsccisigeincennsteecnctiieeree. covece tee ued How to Build a Vinery ..... How to Heat it ........ How to Ventilate it... a sie Best: Forni of BoilePisiseciseinansoreneatisercseroerce weenie <3 tees 4s Best Size of Pipes ncsesngawere avevacsenisncersanes coeas eerames Border for the Vines............ gebe sen us ecereinased Soil for Border, Compost, and Drainage ..................ccseeeeeeees Planting the ‘Vines 0.00. sensuaiecseeversenneaaaneevessanreumeunyensares Subsequent Treatment of the Vines............ Temperature of Vinery by Day and Night............000.. 00005 Quantity of Fruit that may be left on the Vines.................. Ripening the Fruit... ceeeeeseeeeeeee saa astmeeteneetasieatnao ee Diseases of Vines—Shanking......... 0000.0 ccccecsseeeececeeeeeneeeeeenes Mildew........ satinpaehy hana eaamyna Sie List of Vines most desirable for Vinery.. List for Early Forcing............0:0ecee ats ERUITING EXOTIC VINES IN POTS...........:cccccscesetecssseeeeeeteneeneneees Tre BLAcKBERRY— Cultivation and Propagation ...........cccccsieeeceececseeeeeseneeeeneees 161 Varieties, with description.............. ccc. cece eeeceeeeeaeneeeeee 161 THE STRAWBERRY— viii. CONTENTS. PAGE Best Time for Transplanting and Best Plants..........-2.-+00--+00+ 165 Preparation of Ground and Planting ..... ......-:seseesereesere cree 166 Production of New Varieties..............ccccceseeeeceeeeseeeeenseneeees 167 Varieties, with full description..............c0cccceceeeer eens stones 168 Tuz RAsPpBERRY— How Propagated : s.csswsssssssesaees tessesececsecadinaescenten ceteastnersens 171 Best Soils and How to Plant..............ccccssseseeeeeeeeeeees cee 172 To Cultivate ecossasussveres anesemnaneetsies wee 173 To Prune ..........00000- 174 To Protect in Winter, ........0...0.-ssscceseesaesesecesseenssecerseneoenees 175 Varieties, and their description...........0..c::cceeeeeeee ee sere neeeees 175 Tue CurRrant— How to Propagate ............c.scceesesessenecnecneceeeeseeeoecuseuenseaens How to Cultivate and Prune ...... Varieties, with full description THE GoosEBERY— DG: Milde Wiss wsicciin si uige spec taastncbiactasideaisan ven sits reonasaeaitsenie nase ve 181 How to Prune and Cultivate .............. cee ccee cee eee eee eeeeneeerecaees 182 Varieties icccciccenadcnadnaicetteainssaneane nin ava ugeansiainaycases sassue J estcshaur 183 THE CRANBERRY— Preparation of Soil .......... .. sii daricerecieasde ds Neanen oSaciinhnaa semen 183 Planting and Cultivation 186 How to control the Water, so as to flood or drain off at pleasure 184 — Wate tie Seasisicszciy sawed accwwanisi sua sasiba dis've vc cease tunntea/atintesuatnetialasaasaeadls 187 THe HuckLesEeRRy— Natural: Sols sissjssealenayiaaievietsevventa weet vance ewien tianlaavecnddteendays 188 KITCHEN GARDEN. AsPABAGUS— How: tio: Prepare the Soil cea sssasssseswcvsciaeses eueegeesageewsssesinns es 194 How to Plant and Cultivate ..............ccccccscseeeeseeeuseeeeececaues 195 When and How to Cut and How to Cook.. ... 196 WATLOUIES sig: sicasonreieinsiaee 14dstonts wetnasnenicnt eu sid david Sceranse aicneesivey eee ve cose 196 Buans— Dwarf or Bush Varieties .............cccseccesuceeeeeceaveeceeavueausepens Running or Pole Varieties and their Cultivation BEETs— How to Prepare the Soil and Cultivate .........:::cccccccseeeeeseeee, 201 Gathering and Preserving in Winter..............006 senna sae 202 Wearl@biee ys. c.iecvim acansnonongisnsuncaucagnissamesseccedt ose vaeseungeedopeanes 203 CONTENTS, ix. BroccoLi— PAGE Culltirre amd eV arieties). 5321 sushicnac sancasdede swans dasatae atedavizanaedvedten 204 Brussets SpRouTs— Cultivation and Use ..c...cccccccccsssesesessesceseeesceceatsveceevereesers 205 CABBAGE— Soil and Cultivation... WiRELCCION 5 satin daithieusanseeetbitsdutgaiedad casted savisamtgibiels bin acaniantegtcct CaRROTS— How to Prepare the Ground and Cultivate ........0...cceceee 210 Wises and Varieties: iia cicsssce ices irene cdvestileanswiar cavneceaed Riciciddentis 211 CAULIFLOWER— ' Soil and Manures....................065 Mh cartitaie sce vais abubltadoaeaeingamda’s 213 How to Cultivate and to Use... «. 214 Best Warlettes:cescscuciusteaedess arenverateaterarsadspspacenatynenaeates yee 214 CELERY— How to Cultivate and Blanch...... .......cccceescceeeseeeeseeneeeeeree 216 To Secure'for Winter’ Us@siccicavas-aniussessswnaieaiaadarasvecadiediiecss 218 Varieties onasnevauusavasitinyadecaae aed anariuweewenddacranesis seneaeleaenave 219 Cress on Pepper Grass— Soil, Cultivation and Varieties...........cccccccssecscuesteeeeceeseeeners 220 CocumBER— . Soilsand! Cultivationvccencnestexndetegunvaieeguenaxmersenseusnemsceenrees 221 WArietlesisatsars sears ds xeaamunitoaiey ovaguieaninnedieavei sei aecaveaunygeeeeemee AS Corn— Best Table Varieties ...........2..-.cc0ceeeeee Ssaaid thea stnntcaanadensecentes 224 ENDIVE— Livre rcccseccariemsvicmeneenaenedmennaserieianimanesnmanas Blanching and Preservation during Winter Eeco Prantr— CW VA OTS... scccdivats reesei sioadiahioe daiihigslistanadaa satin mmaeotecmmernntias 225 Use arid. Varieties ic accopietsnssiasisies cn vdeakiccsestoe dau eeatennesinnusiand 226 GARLIC— Cultivation and: Use ssc: sccuse sirens enaieavedaneecenwargexainay Aguoiamans 226 Horszt RaprsH— Propagation, Cultivation and Use......1.::ccssesserssssrsererssennee 227 KouL-RABI— Cultivation, Use and Varieties. ...............ccesesassee ees eeeenscee ees 228 Lerx— Soil and ‘Oultivationea:s:.cscsrvexsawereniase vaystavavverausvece sexveh ane 228 Usei.and Sorts sis.eccnee:) eemctancanasrerioiursesreasecetsnaeaianers 228 LErrnce— Preparation of Soil and Cultivation............cccsesseseeeeneereee 229 The Best Varieties x. CONTENTS. MeEtons— PAGE How ‘to.-Prepare the: Soil 3.sccscagsoccven oviswetirea Sade thestataneeemardes 231 How to Cultivate, and the Best Varieties .......... eetdndaheteRbaess 232 On1on— How to Prepare the Soil and Cultivate. 2.0.2.0... 234 To Preserve during Winter, and the Best Varieties ............... PARSNIP— Preparation of Soil and Cultivation. ...........c0.:cccsseeeee ceveeeee 240 Use and! Verietiees 3 c.isssiatendned cesiasranadesudedsweenet thas den oevaeen 241 Porato— Cultivation and Forcing. Marletiess:....cavasascsavicediadasecnnima eeu nonce tauatenaaennnenaee PEAs— Preparation of Soil and Sowing....... 00.0... eeeeeeeeeeee 245 Cultivation, Use and Varieties......... .cccccccccccccccecesveceeeuereees 246 PEPPERS— COTE Vat OL soe ntanzse xkadenavanvencmne tas snedetcineamadesiarmbiewesiebarsiies Use and Varieties RapDIsHEs— Soil and Cultivation...........cccccccceeece ceeees Spring and Autumn Varieties. RavBARB oR Pre PLanr— reparation Of Soil ss st sets de eles sees uanddald us eacauecuecenes ous 250 Cultivation, Use and Varieties, ..........0.......ccccccceceeceeeeeeeeeees 251 SaLsiFry on Oyster PLant— Cultivation and Use SquasH— Soil and Cultivation... 00... ccecccccscssveccccceeaceccutsscecuseece 252 Summer Varieties...............cccccccscssecese vesccseeccsecsucee svsuveee 253 Autumn and Winter Kinds.......0.....00cccccceceecessceceeeceeesceeene 254 Sra Katz— Preparation of the Ground ..0...........:ceccesececcse seeesetescsecceees Cultivation..........0.ccccceee eee Blanching, Cutting and Use SrinacH— Soil and Cultivation. ........0..ccccccccceccceesesceueeseveescsueestseerecs 257 Use and Varieties CONTENTS. Xl. ToMATOES— PAGE TURNIPS— Soil and, Cultivation: sciciscisverdes danse toruieantakosmaniiies 264 Harvesting... we 264 WaTieti es cs actae vals aigeuthewate nesedteahnennecneaveanhau sun eneihaameseuaneeta 265 Hot-Brps— Their Construction and Use.........0....cceceeeeceseeeseesescaa serena ees 265 Comp Frames— Their Construction and Use.........ccccseeseccessseesecceecuerrervenses 268 TooLts— Steel Rake, Scuffle-Hoe and Digging Fork... ............ccccseeseeees 268 FLOWER GARDEN. Harpy FLowErine Survss— Ber berry icici ietoscdde acute cavsednatadeciensuaneseiencesaes Wigadiabeaoeacerad 272 Carolina Allspice or Calycanthus ........0.......cceseveeeeeceseeeeeeees 273 Canadian Judas Tree ...............445 vee 273 Cornus Florida or Dogwood ... a seve 274 Double Flowering Almonds................. ae see Q74 Deutzias, Single and Double-flowered ...........:cceccecseeeseeeeeeees 276 Wilbert; Purple Leave 3.50: sa cis ienay'es esdicnsed sa soees denies sauiauien 277 Hawthorns, Scarlet, Rose-colored, ete... Honeysuckles, Pink and Red Flowering...............0c:::ee oe Lilacs, Persian White, etc., eb. ........cce ceceeeree ree nteeeeeceeeee eee 278 Prunus Triloba, Double Flowered .... Purple Fringe or Smoke-bush......... Rosé Acacia: «.cicecascasgscce cesses Syringa or Mock Orange re Snowball or Guelder Rose..........c.ceecescenteetceecesceenesseneaeeeeens Weigelas, Rose-flowered, Variegated-leaved, ete. White: Brin gee: tesscacnstsnsiins scticseeneh onecenaseneadrery season cckreganhe xii. CONTENTS. Harpy Ciimpine SHruss— PAGE Ampelopsis or Virginia Creeper .......::.cccccssseeseeeeenneerereneeeees 286 Bignonia or Trumpet Flower............:ccsseceeceseeneeeeeeeeceeeeeneas 286 Birthwort or Dutchman’s Pipe.,............cecsseseceeeesene essen seeeees Clematis or Virgin’s Bower, Various Sorts.. Honeysuckles, Various Sorts..... ......:::00 Wistaria or Glycine........... ccc Harpy Herpacnous FLowErs— Achillea or Milfoil ...............cesesseeeuesceeeeeseneeaseesoeeneton eters Aconite or Monkshood.... Aquilegia or Columbine... Campanula or Bellflower.......ccccsececceeeeeeenteeeeseneeenneeenee cee Carnations ics :\jadoccintcvavinnetsonnairareatetinnyss i803 1hie1 eee mae Convallaria or Lily of the Valley.. Delphinium or Larkspur ..,....:0cccccsesseeseeeceeeeeeeeeeeerennae sees 293 Dianthus, thie: PIM saseswssseae iaccedaosns ddeseraisiversorusinceraencds Dictamnus or Fraxinella... : Digitalis or Foxglove...........4: sean Dicentra or Bleeding Heart..........:.cccessseeneeeeeeeeeenrenn errand af Funkia or Day Lily ad Helleborus Niger or Christmas Rose ............s2eceeeser ene cer eeeees 297 Iris, German, or Fleur-de-lis, &c. Lathyrus or Ever-blooming Pea .............cccsseeseeseetereeeeeeeeeees Lychnis, Various Sorts .............0cc cece eeeceeeteeen eee eeaeeneenes RADSIOS: si esncatosnnia ainsadiaies Peonias, Herbaceous Sorts........... Phloxes, Tall and Short Varieties .... Spircoa or Meadow Sweet........ccsscscsccssseesssseesceesereseseetennees Sweet William, Dianthus Barbatus................ ce cecee cee ee eee eee Tricyrtis (very fragrant, new, late-blooming) . es VION CES i. cies cbiatinaicosinein le Sas: raks Sats a i siaatons oialnareus detains em mae omens Yucca, Filamentosa, or Adam’s Needle ..............::ceeseee ceeeee Buisovus-RooTeD FLowERs— General Observations... Fritillarias . nie eth Gad OlUS oveeseeceas votieiesneities sien cece berebereenmreusanees teats abies A ACID ELS bia. ctasiswsnseurecns woane sda en twarewcioeantneniecgastaayseres : Tris, English, Spanish and Persian... a Liliesof Various ‘Sorte. cascsecssvseusiestescsareiessive.