Haeerr ty Aas i a i aa abe aa ribet Hh Syetiipene ie : a At ite Hato cs tua Khater ie i siaieane fife iit 1 pay sia Dat sal taka IN ust a i Sel ha tastes na ia fade estan i : a he let 3 viagra DAR es ait yh I et ctl i a, Aetna arta ted Pa Nea iad Ia ee EEA Datieueey atta pert} ‘ ci Es hee sp « st } Tage Seeeaner ees FA rareakasege AA eee i julia 48 cariere! a Sti sprda Ftc deagd ganged ETRE ELAN Mebie at te pun Loar oon nines al: eth bs ted reer nf brs att i Pa et weal Riemer iat Ad ate fa ee ga ior te pula ico peace CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM THE ALUMNI FUND THROUGH THE _CORNELLIAN COUNCIL ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY NEw York STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN EcoLocy AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY ‘rin Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001186943 MALAYAN FERNS. MALAYAN FERNS. HANDBOOK TO THE DETERMINATION pe THE FERNS OF THE MALAYAN ISLANDS (INCL. THOSE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA, THE PHILIPPINES AND NEW GUINEA). BY uapt. C. R. W. K. van ALDERWERELT van ROSENBURGH. ; PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NETHERLANDS INDIA. BATAVIA LANDSDRUKKERIT 1908, PREFACE, Handbooks are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true. ‘ ‘Dr. dJonnson. — (Variant). Peers cee ee er errr tL When acting for some few years as an Assistant Curator at the Buiten- zorg Herbarium I was directed to elaborate the non-determined fern-material of the Malay Archipelago. Malayan Ferns have much been written about in handbooks and periodicals, but seeing no work exists treating with them more particularly I resolved to collect all available descriptions in one volume. Originally my intention was to do so for my private use, but it occurred to me that publication of this compilation might prove to be of some value to those interested in the Malayan Ferns. Moreover the Director of the Agricul- tural Department in Netherlands India, Prof. Dr. M. Trevus, desired the work to be printed. The descriptions are taken from various sources and have been compar- ed with living or dried material if on hand in the Buitenzorg Botanical Gardens or in the Herbarium. Those thus controlled and more or less modified if necessary are marked with an asterisk. I used in the first place Raciorskt’s Die Pteridophyten der Flora von Buitenzorg and in the second Hooker & Baxer’s Synopsis Filicum, the works my studies in pteridology are founded upon and only in cases where these books could not provide me with such information as required I had recourse to other sources, principally Curist’s Die Farnkrau- ter der Erde, Beppons’s Handbook to the Ferns of British India and Coreuann’s The Polypodiaceae of the Philippine Islands. Thence specific names and synonyms are not followed by an exhaustive and somewhat unnecessary list of old sources, but in most eases only by one or at the utmost two of the newer sources consulted. Likewise enumeration of synonyms has been limited as much as possible. Those desirous to have further particulars on the subject should consult Curistensen’s Index Filicum. A definite time being fixed for the completion of the work, | saw myself VI PREFACE. compelled to discontinue the proper compilation-work just when the last part of the Index Filicum appeared, the remainder of my term of office to be spared for revising, comparing and classifying the various genera and species. There- fore no diagnoses published after January 1st, 1907 are to be found in this work, except those which can be inserted while printing, but as a matter of fact I have not been able to do much more than enumerating as synonyms the new names given to well-known species in consequence of changed conceptions. I regret that owing to the want of several books in the Buitenzorg Library I am not in a position to give diagnoses of some few species of ferns, a lack however which may be considered of but little importance’ seeing the ferns in question belong to species which are rather rare. Nevertheless I intend to procure their descriptions and publish them later on in an appendix or other supplementary work, together with the other new species that have still been discovered since the date above quoted. In giving the diagnoses of the various species | have endeavoured to stick to facts only and to avoid any speculative opinion even when my conception or errors in other authors’ work may have tempted me to alter specific na- mes. Of course I do not claim completeness or entire correctness and shall be pleased to have the no doubt many errors and omissions pointed out to me in order to correct them in a supplement. As to the limitation and the nomenclature of the genera and species I have chiefly followed the Index Filicum, which with a few exceptions agrees with Diss’ fern-system in Enerer & Pranti’s Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Vol. I, part 4. In both works however a natural system has been adopted, but as the object of this book is defermination only, I have deemed it more practical to adopt for my purpose an artificial arrangement. Consequently some clashing between system and arrangement could not be avoided, the same as some few modifications in Curistensen’s limitation of the genera. So, for instance, I have kept the truly indusiate ferns separate from those which have no indusium or only a spurious one. Accordingly my arrangement is of no systematic value, but only a guide to those studying Malayan Pterido- logy. Therefore I have quoted under each species the name given in the In- dex Filicum wherever I followed my own conception. Where I, for conve- nience’ sake, refer to Diets, in Enet. & Pranti, Nat. Pfl.Fam., I*, one should bear in mind that Drews’ fern-system is meant, for the articles on the Hy- menophyllaceae are written by Saveseck and those on the Marattiaceae and Ophioglossaceae by Bitter. PREFACE. VII The reason why the ferns found in Malacca (the Malay Peninsula), the Philippines and New Guinea are inserted in this work on the ferns of the Malay Archipelago is that in botany no strict limits may be expected to exist, and fern-species growing closely outside geographical boundaries may reasonably be expected to be found inside these boundaries as well. In giving habitats I have confined myself to regions and not merely to the places where the species are reported to have been found. By Malaya is understood the entire territory this work is dealing with. The smaller islands, if not treated of separately, are included in the nearest larger territory to which they geographically belong. It will however not be advisable to adhere too closely to the habitats given, seeing it is not at all impossible that species, up till now found in one place only, may also be discovered elsewhere far away from the present known place of origin. For this work the English language was chosen only in behalf of the foreigners who visit these regions, seeing a book written in Dutch would be useless to them. In conclusion I beg to tender my best thanks to all who assisted me to render the completion of this work possible and especially to Mrs. H. Gupe—Murray, who kindly undertook the grammatical correction of the work. Burrenzorc, January 1908. v. A. v. R. For: surfaces ......... geal mbcnie eats paler coloured ......... read: surfaces ......... g Sticntinenny PAD geeeueheneebesd For: surfaces.......... , upper (the upper, the upper one, upper one) dark- coloured, lower (the lower, the under one, under one) paler coloured (pale-coloured, paler in colour) — read; surfaces.......... ; upper surface dark (eventually dark-green), lower paler (pale or eventually pale-green). P. XXII, 1. 3 & 6 (et passim). — Strike out the comma after many and few and wherever it is erroneously placed after a numeral, when this (the numeral) precedes the object defined. ABBREVIATIONS. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. = A. Br. A. Cunn. Adans. Agardh. (Ag). Ait. Amann Anal. Ann, Btz. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. B. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ann. of Bot. Bail. Balf.. Bau. .& Hk. Bece. Bedd. Beech. Voy. Bél. Berk. Berl. Mag. Bernh. Bitt. Bk. (Bak.) Bl. Bory Bot. Centralbl. I I | | I Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen; Abhandlungen. A. Braun. Allan Cunningham. M. Adanson. J. G. Agardh. W. Aiton. J. Amann (? Kurz). Analecta pteridographica, etc. (Kze, 1857). Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. (Mig., 1867—’69). Annals of Natural History. Annals of Botany. F. M. Bailey. J. Baylay Balfour. F. Bauer & W. J. Hooker. 0. Beccari. R. H. Beddome. The botany of Captain Beechey’s Voyage. (Hk. & Arn., 1830—41). Bélanger. Berkeley. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin etc. (1807—’18). J. J. Bernhardi. G. Bitter. J. G. Baker. ="C. L. Blume. Bory de Saint-Vincent. Botanisches Centralblatt. Xx Bot. Jahrb. Bot. Misc. Bot. Voy. Herald. Bot. Zeit. Brack. Br. Ferns Brong. Bull. Ac. Crac. Bull. Ac. Int.. Bot. Bull. Dép. Agr. I. N. Bull. Herb. Boiss. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. Bull. Torr. Cl. Burck Burm. Carr. Cav. 274 Cent. of Ferns. C. Chr. Ces. Christ Clarke Colen. Copel. Dec. Descr. Desv. ABBREVIATIONS. = Botanische Jahrbiicher fir Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. (Engl.). = Botanical Miscellany. = Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald. (Seemann, 1854—’57). Botanische Zeitung. (Mohl & Schlechtendal). Brackenridge. The British Ferns, or coloured figures and descriptions, etc. (Hk., 1861). A. Brongniart. Bulletin international de |’ Académie des Sciences de Cracovie. Bulletin de Jl Académie internationale de géographie botanique. = Bulletin du Département de I’ Apeivalturs aux Indes Néerlandaises. = Bulletin de |’ Herbier Boissier. Bulletin de la Société botanique de Bel- gique. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. W. Burek. N. L. Burmann. W. Carruthers. A. J.. Cavanilles. A second Century of Ferns. (Hk., 1861). C. Christensen. V. Cesati. H. Christ. C. B. Clarke. W. Colenso. E. B. Copeland. M. J. Decaisne. : Descripcion de las Plantas que D. Antonio Josef Cavanilles demostré en las lecciones publicas del afio 1801. (Cav., 1802). = A. N. Desvaux. de Vr. de Vr: & Teysm. Dict. d’ Hort. Diels Dissert. Don Dry. Kat. Endl. Engl. Engl. Jahrb. Engl. & Prantl Enum. Enum. Fil. Kpim. Exot. Flor. Expl. Exp. Farng. Farnkr. Farnkr. d. Erde Fed. Fée Fel. Becc. Polin. ABBREVIATIONS. Xl = W. H. de Vriese. == de Vriese & Teysmann. == Jictionnaire d’ Horticulture et de Jardinage. (Nich.). = L. Diels. == Dissertatio inauguralis medico-botanica de duabus novis Trichomanarum speciebus de earum nec non aliarum huius generis plan- tarum structura. (Taschn., 1845). = D. Don. = J. Dryander. = D. C. Eaton. = 8S. L. Endlicher. = A. Engler. == Botanische Jahrbiicher fir Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, ed. A. Engler. = A. Engler & K. Prantl. = Enumeratio Plantarum Javae et Insularum adjacentium. (BI., 1828). = Enumeratio Filicum, etc. (KIf., 1824). = Epimeliae botanicae. (Pr., 1849). = Exotic Flora. (Hk., 1823—’27). == US. Exploration Expedition, XVI. (Wilk., 1854). = Uber einige Farngattungen. (Mett.); I, Poly- podium (1837); IL, Plagiogyria (1838); III, Pteris (1838); IV, Phegopteris & Aspidium (1838); V, Cheilanthes (1859); VI, Asple- nium (1839). = Die Farnkrauter in kolorirten Abbildungen, ete. (Kze, 1840—'51). = Die Farnkrauter der Erde. (Christ, 1897). = F. Fedde. = A. L. A. Feée. = Prospetto delle Felci raccolte dal Signor 0. Beccari nella Polinesia, etc. —- Rend. Acad. Napoli, XVI. — (Ces., 1877). xl Fel. di Bor. Ferns Br.I. Ferns S.I. Ferns S.Br.I., Suppl. Fil. Exot. Fil. Gen. & Spec. Fil. Lechl. Fil. Saras. Fisch. Flor. Btz. Flor. deut. Sch.geb. Flor. Filip. Flor. Jav., UH. Flor Kais. Wilhl. Flor. Trist. d’Ac. Forb. Forschr. Gaz., IV, Farne. Forsk. Forst. Fragm. ABBREVIATIONS. | Felci e specie nei gruppi affini raccolte a Borneo dal Signor 0. Beccari. — Atti Acad. Sci. fis. e mat. Napoli. — (Ces., 1876). The Ferns of British India. (Bedd., 1865—’70). The Ferns of Southern India (Bedd., 1863— 64). Supplement to the Ferns of Southern India and British India. (Bedd., 1876). Filices Exoticae or Figures and Descriptions of exotic Ferns, etc. (Hk., 1837—’89). Filicum Genera et Species recentiori Methodo accomodatae analytice descriptae. (Hedw., 1799—1803). Filices Lechlerianae. (Mett., 1856—'39). Filices Sarasinianae, in »Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, XI.” — (Christ, 1893). Fischer. Die Pteridophyten der Flora von Buitenzorg (Band I der Flora von Buitenzorg; Rac., 1898). Die Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Siidsee. (Schum. & Laut., 1901‘. — Suppl. (1908). Flora de Filipinas, ete. (Blanco, 1837). Flora Javae nec non Jnsularum adjacentium. Filices. (Bl. 1828—’29). Die Flora von Kaiser Wilhelmsland. (Schum. & Hollr., 1889). Esquisse de la Flore de Tristan d’Acugna. (Thouars, 1804?). H. 0. Forbes. Farne und barlappartige Gewachse in ,,Die Forschungsreise S. M. S. Gazelle.” (1874— 76). P. Forskal. G. Forster. Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. (Muell., 1864—’81). Fragm. Philipp. Freyc. Gard. Chron. » » ’ N. S. Gard. Ferns Gardn. Gaud. Gen. Gen. Fil. Gen. Fil. Ges. Nat. Fr. Gies. Gled. Grev. Grev. & Hk. Griff. Gris. Hance Handb. Ind. Ferns. > » » , Suppl. Harr. Hassk. Hedw. Herb. Berol. ‘Herb. Bog. Hier. Hist. Fil. Hk. (Hook.) Hk. & Arn. Hk. Bk. Hk. & Grev. Hoffm. hort. Hort. Bog. ABBREVIATIONS. XII = Fragmenta Florae Philippinae. (Perk., 1905). = Freycinet. = The Gardener’s Chronicle. = » » » , New Series. = Garden Ferns. (Hk., 1862). = G. Gardner. = (C. Gaudichaud Beaupré. = Genera Filicum. (5° Mémoire sur la famille des Fougéres: Fée, 1830—’S2). == Genera Filicum. (Schott, 1854). = Genera Filicum. (Bau. & Hk., 1842). = Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin. = K. Giesenhagen. = J. G. Gleditsch. = R. K. Greville. = R, K. Greville & W. J. Hooker. = W. Griffith. = A. Grisebach. == H. F. Hance. = Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. | Bedd., 1885 . == Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula, Supplement. (Bedd., 1892). = M. V. Harrington. = J. K. Hasskarl. == J. Hedwig. = Herbarium Beroliense (Berlin). = Herbarium Bogoriense (Buitenzorg). = G. Hieronymus. = Historia Filicum. (J. Sm., 1873). = W. J. Hooker. = W. J. Hooker & G. A. Walker—Arnott. = W. J. Hooker & J. G. Baker. = W. J. Hooker & R. K. Greville. = G. F. Hoffmann. = hortus. == Hortus Bogoriensis. XIV Houtt. Huds. Humb. & Bonpl. Hym. Hymen. Jav. “Ie. Fil. Icon. PI. Ind. Ind. Ferns Ind. Fil. Journ. of Bot. Journ. of Linn. Soc., Bot. J. Sm. Karst. Kell. Kew Bull. Keys. Kl. Kif. (Kaulf.) K. Miil. K6n. Kuhn Kurz Kze L. (Linné) Lab. Lam. Le. Leafl. L. f. L. & F. I’ Herit. Link. Linn. List. ABBREVIATIONS. Ii dbdb dd tt bode de dep ee M. Houttuyn. W. Hudson A. von Hunboldt & A. Bonpland. Hymenophyllaceae. (Pr., 1843). Hymenophyllaceae Javanicae etc. (V. D. B., 1861). Icones Filicum. (Hk. & Grev., 1827-—’51) Icones plantarum. (Hk). Index Filicum. (Moore, 1857—’62). Handb. Ind. Ferns. Index Filicum. (C. Chr., 1908—’06). The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign Journal of the Linnaean Society; Botany. John Smith. G. Karsten. A. Kellogg. Royal Gardens Kew Bulletin of miscellane ous information A. Keyserling. J. F. Klotzsch. G. F. Kaulfuss. K. Miller. D. Konig. Max. Kuhn. S. Kurz. G. Kunze. Linnaeus (C. von Linné). de Labillardiére. J. B. A. P. Monet de Lamarck. loco citato. Leaflets on Philippine. Botany. C. von Linné, fil. G. H. Langsdorff & F. Fischer. L’ Héritier de Brutelle. H. F. Link. Linnaea, Ein Journal fir die Botanik, u.s.w. A numerical List of dried specimens of plants, etc. (Wall., 1828—’29). Lond. Journ. of Bot. Luerss. Mal. Manin Masters Mém. Mett. Mchx Meyen Milde Miq. Mon. Maratt. Mons. Moore Morph. d. Gefasscr. MS. Muell. Mue]J. & Bk. Nat. Geneesk: Arch. Nat. Pfl.Fam., I*. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. Nees Nees & BI. Nich. Niph. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Nova Acta ABBREVIATIONS. xv The London Journal of Botany. C. Luerssen. Malesia. (Becc., 1886). H. Mann. Maxwell Tylden Masters. Mémoires sur la famille des Fougéres. (Fée, 1844—66). G. Mettenius. A. Michaux. F. J. F. Meyen. J. Milde. F. A. V. Miquel. Monographie des Marattiacées. (de Vr., 1853). Monsunia. (Warb., 1901). T. Moore. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie der Gefass- cryptogamen. (Prantl); I, Hymen. (= Die Hymenophyllaceen, 1875); II, Schiz. (= Die Schizaeaceen, 1881). Manuscript. F. von Mueller. F. von Mueller & J. G. Baker. Natuur- en Geneeskundig Archief voor Ne- derlandsch-Indié. Die natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil I, Abteilung 4. Pteridophyta. (Engl. & Prantl, 1902). Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch- Indié. Nederlandsch kruidkundig Archief. Nees ab Esenbeck. Nees ab Esenbeck & Blume. G. Nicholson. Die Farngattung Niphobolus. (Gies., 1901). Nouvelles annales du Musée d’ Histoire na- turelle. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesa- reae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae curiosorum. XVI Nov. Holl. Obs. Fil. Jav. 0. Ktze Ophiog]. Pap. Pl. Par. Perk. Philipp. Journ. Pl. escul. Poir. Pol. Cyath. Bung. Polypod. Philipp. p. p- Pr. Pr. Amer. Ac. Prantl Prod. Prod. Flor. Nepal. Prod. N.H. Queens]. Agr. Journ. Rae. Raddi Rb. (Roxb.) R. Br. ABBREVIATIONS. Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen. (Lab., 1806). Observationes Botanicae, etc., in » Verhande- lingen der Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indié.” 0. Kuntze. Beitrage zur Systematik der Ophioglosseen (Prantl), in »Jahrbuch des Kgl. botanischen Gartens, etc. zu Berlin, III.” (1884). Descriptive notes on Papuan Plants. (Muell., 1878—’85). Parish. J. Perkins. The Philippine Journal of Science. ( 1 + Suppl.; II’, Bot.; II°, Bot.). De plantis esculentis insularum oceani aus- tralis, &c. (Forst. 1786). J. L. M. Poiret. Polypodiaceae & Cyatheaceae Herbarii Bun- geani. (Keys., 1873). The Polypodiaceae of the Philippine Islands. (Copel., 1905). pro parte. C. B. Presl. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science. K. Prantl. Prodome de la famille des fougéres, in »Meé- moires de la Soc. Linnéenne, VI.” (Desv., 1827). Prodomus Florae Nepalensis. (Don, 1823). Prodomus Florae Novae-Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. (R. Br., 1803). The Queensland Agricultural Journal. M. Raciborski. J. Raddi. W. Roxburgh. R. Brown. Rec. Reinw. (Rw.) Rel. Haenk. Rep. Rich. Ridl. Rev. Gen. Pl. Roth Rst. (Rosenst.) Rud. Sadeb. Schk. Schl. Schott Schrad. Schroet. Schum. & Hollr. Schum. & Laut. Scort. Scott Sieb. Sm. Spec. Spec. Fil. Spr. Sw. St. Hil. Syn. Syn. Fil. Syst. Syst. Verz. Taschn. Fiuices. ABBREVIATIONS. vit = Recensio specierum generis Pteridis. (Ag., 1839). = (C. G. C. Reinwardt. = Pteridophyta, in (Pr., 1825). »Reliquiae Haenkeanae.” = Repertorium novarum speciorum regni vege- tabilis. (Fed.). L. Richard. H. N. Ridley. Revisio generum plantarum, etc. (0. Ktze, 1891). A. W. Roth. E. Rosenstock. Rudolphi. . Sadebeck. . Schkuhr. . Schott. . A. Schrader. Schroeter. AR OCR om . F. L. von Schlechtendal. . Schumann & M. Hollrung. . Schumann & K. Lauterbach. Revd Father Scortechini. J. Scott. C. von Siebold. J. E. Smith. Caroli a Liné. Species plantarum. (Willd., 1810). Species Filicum. (Hk.; 1846—’64). C. Sprengl. O. Swartz. St. Hilaire. Synopsis Filicum. (Sw., 1806). Synopsis Filicum. (Hk. Bk., 1874, 1883). Carolini Linnaei. Systema Vegetabilum ed. XVI curante Curtio Sprengl. (1827). Systematisches Verzeichnis, etc. (Zoll., 1854). C. F. Taschner. ‘XVIII Tasm. Journ. T. & B. Tent. Pterid. Thb. (Thunb.) Thouars -Thw. Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot. Trev. Tijdschr. N. Gesch.:Phys. : Und. Urb. V. D. B. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Voy. Bot. Voy. Ur. Phys., Bot. Wall. Warb. Wawra Wilk. Willd. Leill. Zenk, Zipp. Zoll. Zoll. & Mor. ABBREVIATIONS. Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science. = Teysmann & Binnendijk. Tentamen Pteridographiae, eto. (Pr., 1836). = K. P. Thunberg. = Aubert du Petit-Thouars. = G. H. K. Thwaites. = The Transaction of the Linnaean Society of London; Botany. = V. Trevisan. = Tijdschrift voor Nat. Geschiedenis en Phy- siologie. == iL. Underwood. = J. Urban. = R. van den Bosch. == Verhandlungen der K.K. Zoologischen-bota- nischen’ Gesellschaft in Wien. = Voyage aux Indes orientales; Botanique. (Bél., 1833). == Voyage autour du monde, etc. sur |’ Ura- nie et la Physicienne; Botanique. (Freyc., 1826—29. == N. Wallich. = QO. Warburg. = H. Wawra. = Ch. Wilkes: = K. L. Willdenow. = Zeiller. J. C. Zenker. ‘= Zippelius. = H. Zollinger. = H. Zollinger & A. Moritz. COMPENDIUM OF THE FAMILIES, TRIBES AND.GENERA AS ~ FOLLOWED IN THIS WORK. See Malayan Fern Allies,| p. pane ORDER FILICALES. Green plants with 2 distinct generations, a pro-embryonal and an em- bryonal, the pro-embryonal consisting of a minute, fuberous, flat or filiform, green or white, simple, entire, incised or ‘branched thalloid plant (prothallium) with hair-like roots and bearing one or more, co and (or) Q, tuberculiform protuberances (antheridia, archegonia). The embryonal generation, i. e. the ‘normal, cormophytical plant with a solid, short or elongate, rarely tuberous stem (rhizome or caudex) and true roots, stalks (stipes) and leaves (fronds), traversed by one or more fibro-vascular bundles and producing capsules (spo- rangia) wilh spores, developed when a, ripe archegonium (Q) is fecundated by the spiral-shaped spermatozoids of a ripe antheridium-(Q’). ‘Fronds seriate or ‘circinate, rarely placed in whorls but then not connected, commonly more strongly developed than the stems, the fertile ones whether or not contracted, rarely metamorphosed. (’) SUBORDER I. FILICES (lsospore Filicales, True Ferns). Spores uniform, producing independent prothallia on which are developed (*) The other fern-allies being also green plants with 2 generations and fibro-vascular bundles are reailily ‘distinguished from the Filicales in having the fronds commonly less strongly developed than the stems and by the following principal characters: Order Equisetales. Fronds very small, in whorls, connected so as to form distinct, toothed, longitudinally ribbed, tubular, ochrea-like organs enclosing the bases of the interno- dations of the stems. Stems elongate, hollow. Sporangia placed on the under side of meta- morphosed, ‘scale-like, peltate, stalked sporophylla forming terminal spikes. Spores uniform. (1 Family). Order Lycopodiales. Fronds various, seriate, circinate or in whorls, not connected. Stems tuberous or elongate, solid. Sporangia solitary at the base of the fronds on the upper side, superficial or imbedded. Sporophylla forming close or lax terminal spikes on an elongated siem or placed with the barren fronds in a dense rosette surrounding a tuberous stem. Spores uniform or dimorphous, (4' Families). xX COMPENDIUM. antheridia and archegonia. Sporangia dorsal (on the under surface) or marginal on leafy fronds, rarely in spikes or panicles. (10 Families). SUBORDER II. HYDROPTERIDES (Heterospore Fi- licales, Water-ferns). Spores dimorphous, macrospores and microspores, both developing more or Jess rudimentary prothallia, those of the macrospores bear- ing archegonia and those of the microspores antheridia. Sporangia enclosed in metamorphosed fronds forming 1—4-celled, globose or ellipsoidal sporocar- pia. (2 Families; not treated with in this work). FILIGCES. —" See Supplement 1, pO 18, Capsules (sporangia) 1-celled, sessile or stalked, usually membranaceous, dorsal or marginal, encircled by a complete or incomplete, + vertical or horizontal, jointed, elastic ring (annulus) and opening by a stomium at right angles to the ring, collected in clusters (sori) of a definite but varied form with or without a covering (indusium), or crowded densely over the paren- chyma, sometimes scattered, spicate or paniculate; or the capsules have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex of the capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown bursting vertically; or the capsules are sunk in many-celled, fleshy or corky receptacles of varied forms, opening by pores or clefts on the upper or inner side. Spores minute, vari- ous in form, mostly ellipsoidal, bilateral, tetrahedral or globose, and in in- termediate forms. CLASS I. PLANITHALLOSAE, Prothallium flat or filiform, green, entire or variously incised or branched. Series I. Annulatae. Sporangia with a complete or incom- plete ring consisting of a close or open row or a group of thickened cells. FAMILY |. CYATHEACEAE. Ring complete, subvertical. Indusium wanting or present, but then neither umbrella-shaped nor linear. Caudex arborescent in the full-grown plants. COMPENDIUM. XXI Tribe |. Cyatheae. Ring not depressed at the place of the stomium. Sori globose, dorsal on the veins. GENUS 1. CYATHEA. Indusium globose, at least when young, at length cup-shaped, entire, laciniate or evanished. GENUS 2. HEMITELIA. Indusium consisting of a rather large, convex, inferior scale attached at the inner side of the sorus. GENUS 3. ALSOPHILA. Indusium wanting, or con- sisting of a minute, inferior scale or a whorl of hairs or fibres. Tribe II. Dicksonieae. Ring depressed at the place of the stomium. Sori roundish or suboblong, terminal on the veins. GENUS 4. DICKSONIA. Indusium cucullate, 2-valved, the outer valve consisting of a small lobe of the frond. GENUS 8. CIBOTIUM. Indusium subcucullate, 2-valved, the outer valve differentiated from the margin of the frond. FAMILY Il. MATONIACEAE. Ring complete, subvertical. S6ri round. Indusium umbrella-shaped. Caudex not arborescent. GENUS 6. MATONIA. Characters of the family. FAMILY Ili. GLEICHENIACEAE. Ring complete, horizontal, sur- rounding the sporangium like a belt. Sori roundish, dorsal on the veins. Indusium wanting. GENUS 7. GLEICHENIA. Characters of the family. , FAMILY IV. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE. Ring complete, + horizontal, surrounding the compressed sporangium like a belt. Sori ter- minal on the veins. Indusium present. XXIE COMPENDIUM. GENUS 8. HYMENOPHYLLUM:,:Indusium more or less deeply 2-valved. Surface of the sporangium divided into many Qs equal cells. a tg: GENUS 9. TRICHOMANES. Indusium tubular or fun- nel-shaped, the mouth entire or 2-lipped. Surface of the sporangium divided into few] unequal cells. FAMILY V. SCHIZAEACEAE. Ring complete, horizontal, crowning the apex of the sporangium like an operculum. GENUS 10. LYGODIUM. Sori consisting of 1—2 spo- rangia placed in the axils of 2 rows of clasping. imbricating indusia. Fronds long and twining. GENUS 11. SCHIZAEA. Sori linear, consisting of 2—4 rows of sporangia. Indusium wanting. Fronds small and erect. Oy FAMILY VI.’ POLYPODIACEAE. Ring incomplete, vertical, the ex- tremities sometimes separated by the stalk of the sporangium only. Sori definite or indefinite, but then closely crowded over the parenchyma. (Ring sometimes as in Family I, but then the sori and indusia linear and the caudex not arborescent). Indusiatae. Indusium present. Tribe 1. Woodsieae. Sori roundish or linear-oblong. In- dusium globose, cupuliform or sausage-shaped, fastened all round the receptacle or apparently so in genus 13. GENUS 12. DIACALPE. Indusium globose, bursting down irregularly. Veins free. GENUS 13. DIPLAZIOPSIS. Indusium sausage-shaped, bursting down irregularly. Veins anastomosing. y GENUS 14. DENNSTAEDTIA. Indusium cup-shaped, open at the top. ‘COMPENDIUM. XXIN Tribe II.. Aspidieae. Sori roundish or oblong. Indusium superior, reniform, round or oblong, if reniform attached at: the top of.a more or less deep sinus, if round pel- tate, if oblong attached by its longitudinal axis, all opening all round the edge or nearly so. GENUS 15. OLEANDRA. Indusium reniform. Fronds simple, articulate to the rhizome; veins free. GENUS 16. ARTHROPTERIS. Indusium reniform. Fronds pinnate, articulate to the rhizome; pinnae articulate to the rachis; veins free. GENUS 17. NEPHROLEPIS. Like genus 16, but the fronds not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 18. CYCLOPELTIS. Like genus 17, but the indusium . round. GENUS 19. POLYSTICHUM. Indusium round or re- niform. Fronds divided, not articulate to the rhi- zome. Leaflets subrhomboidal, not articulate to the rachis; upper base broadly, lower narrowly cuneate; veins. free. GENUS 20. DIDYMOGHLAENA. Like genus 19, but the indusium oblong. Leaflets deciduous. GENUS 21. PLEOCNEMIA. Indusium reniform, rarely round. Fronds divided, not articulate to the rhizome; veins anastomosing in costal and costular arches. GENUS 22. DRYOPTERIS. Indusium reniform, rarely round. Fronds divided, not articulate to the rhi- zome; veins free, but then the leaflets nol as in genus 19, or the lower veins anastomosing and forming costal rows of regular, + deltoid areolae. GENUS 23. MESOCHLAENA. Like genus 22, but the veins not free. Indusium oblong. XXIV COMPENDIUM. GENUS 24. LUERSSENIA. Indusium oblong, + 3X as long as broad. Fronds simple, not articulate to the rhizome; veins anastomosing copiously. GENUS 28. ASPIDIUM. Indusium round or reniform, rarely nearly 2X as long as broad. Fronds simple or divided, not articulate to the rhizome; veins anastomosing copiously; included free veinlets wanting or present, but then not as in genus 26, if excurrent then solitary in the areolae. GENUS 26. CYRTOMIUM. Indusium round. Fronds as in genus 25, but only simply pinnate: included free veinlets excurrent, 2—3 to each areola. Tribe Ill. Davallieae. Sori roundish, oblong or linear, if roundish or longitudinally elongated then solitary and terminal on the veins (dorsal in genus 27), if transver- sally oblong or linear then uniting the apices of 2 or more veinlets. Indusium + of the same shape as and a at the inner side of the sorus, opening outwardly. GENUS 27. CYSTOPTERIS. Sori roundish, dorsal on the veins. GENUS 28. ODONTOSORIA. Sori roundish or trans- versally oblong, terminal on the cuneate, ultimate segments. GENUS 29. LINDSAYA. Sori roundish, transversally oblong or linear, submarginal. Fronds divided; leaflets dimidiate, i.e. the half on the lower side of the midrib cut away. GENUS 30. SCHIZOLOMA. Sori transversally oblong or linear, submarginal. Fronds simple or divided; leaflets not dimidiate. GENUS 51a. SACCOLOMA. Sori roundish, submarginal, immersed in conspicuously cucullate lobes, covered COMPENDIUM. XXvV by a roundish indusium fixed by a broad base, or placed in submarginal depressions covered by a cuneate indusium. Indusium with the outer edge + entire. Fronds divided, not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 316. LEPTOLEPIA. Sori roundish, submarginal or on marginal, recurved, lobe-like outgrowths. Indusium roundish or transversally oblong, fixed by the apex of the veinlet only, for the rest free, the outer edge lacerato-lobate. Fronds divided, not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 32. HUMATA. Sori roundish, submarginal, superficial. Indusium fixed by a broad base, the sides and apex free, + entire. Fronds simple or divided, scattered or subapproximate, articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 33. ACROPHORUS. Like genus 32, but the fronds copiously divided, tufted, not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 34. DAVALLIA. Sori roundish or longitudi- nally elongated, submarginal. Indusium attached at the base and sides, the apex free. Fronds divided, scattered, articulate to the rhizome. Rhi- zome scaly, the scales not minute, not fibril-like. GENUS 35. MICROLEPIA. Sori roundish, submarginal. Indusium as in genus 34. Fronds divided, rather scattered, not articulate to the rhizome. Rhizome hairy or fibrillose. Ultimate segments unequal-sided at the base. Receptacle distinct. GENUS 36. TAPEINIDIUM. Like genus 35, but the rhizome fibrillose or minutely scaly and the fronds rather approximate. Ultimate segments rather equal” sided at the base. Receptacle indistinct. XXXVI COMPENDIUM. Tribe IV. Pterideae. Sori roundish, oblong or linear, if roundish or longitudinally elongated then solitary and terminal on the veins, but not rarely laterally confluent into a submarginal line, if transversally oblong or linear then uniting the apices of several veinle!s. Indusium + the shape of the sorus, marginal, i.e. consisting of the re- flexed, modified margin of the frond, opening inwardly. GENUS 37. ADIANTUM. Differs from the following genera by the indusium bearing the capsules on its. inner surface. GENUS 58. HYPOLEPIS. Sori roundish, distant, con- fined to the tops_(angles) of the ultimate sinuses, 1 to each sinus. Indusium roundish, small, hardly covering the sorus at full maturity. GENUS 39. CHEILANTHES. Sori roundish or oblong, solitary and terminal on the veins, soon confluent into a submarginal line. Indusium roundish, trans- versally oblong. or linear. Vein tips thickened. Stipes not as in genus 40. Fronds uniform. GENUS 40. PLAGIOGYRIA Sori as in genus 39. Indusium linear. Vein tips not or hardly thickened. Stipes abruptly thickened at the base and gene- rally’ purveyed there with + 2—12 spongy glands or tubercles on the outer side. Fronds dimorphous, the fertile segments contracted, nar- rowly linear. GENUS 41. PELLAEA. Sori linear, or round to oblong, but then soon confluent into a submarginal line. Indusium linear. “Fronds divided, the leaflets + stalked, articulate at! the base. GENUS 42a. DORYOPTERIS. Sori and indusia as in COMPENDIUM: : XXMVIp ‘genus 41. Fronds simple or incised, the segments adnate, confluent; not articulate at the base. . GENUS 42b. SCHIZOSTEGE. Sori and indusia ter- minal on the veins, marginal, solitary on | -shaped expansions or uniting the fork branches of the veins. Fronds divided; segments not articulate. GENUS 43. HISTIOPTERIS. Sori and indusia oblong or linear. Fronds compoundly divided ; lowest pinnulae short, close to the main rachis, stipule-like ; leaflets not articulate at. the base. . GENUS 44. ONYCHIUM. Sori and indusia as in genus 43. Fronds finely. dissected; ultimate segments narrow, with the sori and indusia (which are occupying both sides of the segments) reaching nearly or quite to the midrib; leaflets not articulate at the base. Spores globose to tetrahedral. GENUS 46a. PTERIS. Like genus 44, but the fronds not finely dissected, the ultimate segments broader with the sori and indusia not reaching the midrib. Stipes with a single \/- or |_)-shaped vascular strand. GENUS 456. HEMIPTERIS. Like genus 45a, but the sori: occupying only the posterior edge of the ul- timate segments, the anterior side destitute of sori. GENUS 46. PAESIA. Like genus 48a, but the indu- sia 2-valved and the spores 2-lateral. _ GENUS 47. PTERIDIUM. Like genus 46, but the inner valve of the indusium sometimes obsolete, ‘the -.-Spores as in genus.44. Stipes with many; irre- gularly placed vascular strands. XXVIH COMPENDIUM. GENUS 48. LOMARIA. Sori and indusia linear, unit- ing the vein tips or running them transversely. Fronds simple or pinnate, dimorphous, the fertile fronds or segments narrowly linear. Stipes with 3 to many vascular strands placed in a circle. Tribe V. Blechneae. Sori transversally oblong or linear, distant from the margin, parallel to the midribs of the fronds or their segments. Indusium of the same shape as the sorus, not marginal, attached at the outer side of the sorus, opening inwardly. GENUS 49. BLECHNUM. Sori long, linear, sometimes interrupted, + close to the midribs. Veins of fertile fronds united near the base by subcostal strands bearing the sori. GENUS 50. SADLERIA. Like genus 49, but the veins of both barren and fertile fronds united near the base. GENUS 51. DOODIA. Sori oblong, superficial, in one or more rows on each side, not + close to the midribs. GENUS 52. WOODWARDIA. Like genus 51, but the sori in 1 row, immersed in cavities. Tribe VI. Asplenieae. Sori oblong or linear, attached to the sides of the veins which unite the midribs or main veins with the margin, therefore mostly oblique to the midribs, rarely placed between the veins. In- dusia of the same shape, springing from the veins on the same side as the sori. GENUS 53. DIPLAZIUM. Stipes with 2 + flattened vascular strands mostly uniting towards the apex of the stipe (or higher) into a single diarchous one (\/, V;, \_/. LI UU). Sori linear or linear-oblong, the lower of each group of veins mostly double. COMPENDIUM. xxix GENUS 64. ATHYRIUM. Like genus 53, but the sori oblong, the higher never, the lower rarely double, but not rarely hippocrepiform, hamato-recurvate or subreniform. GENUS 88. ASPLENIUM. Stipes’ with 1, or 2 + concave vascular strands mostly uniting towards the apex of the stipe (or higher) into a single tetrarchous one [ )(, , }(, ><, X, V, \ / ]. Sori and indusia not in pairs; indusia opening towards the midribs, occasionally towards the margin. GENUS 86. PHYLLITIS. Like genus 58, but the sori and indusia in opposite pairs, the indusia of each pair opening towards each other. GENUS 57. TRIPHLEBIA. Like genus 36, but the sori medial between the veins, i. e. 1 sorus to each pair of indusia. Exindusiatae. Indusium wanting, but the sori someti- mes covered by the unaltered, recurved margin or placed in dorsal or + marginal cavities or indusium-like depressions. - Tribe Vil. Phegopterideae. Sori punctiform, round or oblong, rarely more than 2 X as long as broad, me- dial or terminal on the veins and then sometimes running into a submarginal line, if medial on the veins then sometimes confluent in pairs. Stipes not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 68. NOTHOLAENA. Veins free. Sori round or oblong, terminal, not rarely running into a sub- marginal line. Fronds hairy or fibrillose. Spores globoso-tetrahedral. GENUS 59. MONACHOSORUM. Veins free. Sori oblong, XXX COMPENDIUM. terminal, always distant: Fronds naked. Spores 5-lobaio-tetrahedral. GENUS 60a. PHEGOPTERIS. Veins anastomosing as in Nephrodium (Dryopteris §), or free but then the spores 2-lateral. .Fronds naked or hairy. Sori-round or. oblong, rarely linear-oblong, medial or terminal. GENUS .60b. DICTYOPTERIS. Veins anastomosing more or less copiously, but not as in genus 60a. Fronds simple or divided, but not as in genus 61. Sori + round. GENUS 61. DIPTERIS. Veins anastomosing copiously and irregularly. Fronds flabellato-dichotomous. Sori round or punctiform. Tribe VIII. Gymnogrammeae. Sori linear or linear-oblong, more than 2 X as long as broad, several on each side of of the costae, mostly oblique, rarely subparallel to the Totter end the margin, free 3) OF. reticulate. Fronds not articulate to the rhizome. 7° ie GENUS 62. CONIOGRAMME. Veins free quite to the margin. Under surface of the fronds not powdery. GENUS 63. CEROPTERIS. Veins free quite to the margin. Under surface of the fronds white- or yellow-powdery. GENUS 64 ANTROPHYUM. Veins anastomosing copi- ously. Sori longitudinal, running along the veins, irregular. Costa wanting, or present in the lower half of the fronds only. GENUS 63. LOXOGRAMME Veins anastomosing copi- ously. Sori parallel, + oblique to the costa and margin. Costa distinet; ‘veins invisible. COMPENDIUM. MEI ! GENUS 66. SYNGRAMMA. Veins mostly uniting 1—3 X at or near the margin, sometimes anas- Tribe IX. Grammiti¢eas. | Sori linear, short or ong, 1 on each side of . the” ost eesta, parallel to the latter or the margin. Fronds not articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 68. MONOGRAMMA. Sori costal, often pro- tected by a lateral, raised outgrowth of leaf-tissue. Fronds simple, grass-like; lateral veins mostly wanting. GENUS 69. VITTARIA. Sori deeply immersed in marginal or submarginal grooves. Fronds simple or forked, mostly grass-like; lateral veins present, free. GENUS 70. TAENITIS. Sori not deeply immersed, medial or submarginal. Fronds pinnate or simple, but then not grass- elke lateral veins present, SIAStOE SINE, Tribe X. Polypodieae. Sori round,:oblong or linear. Fronds articulate to the rhizome. GENUS 71. POLYPODIUM. Sori round, oblong or linear, several to numerous on each side, the oblong ones parallel or oblique to the costa, the linear ones oblique. Fronds uniform or dimorphous, simple or divided, the barren ones never oakleaf-like; surfaces naked, scaly or hairy, if hairy the hairs not stellately branched. GENUS 72. CYCLOPHORUS. Sori round or oblong. . several to numerous. Fronds as in genus 71, COMPENDIUM. but simple; at least the under surface always more -or less hairy, the hairs stellately branched. GENUS 75. DRYNARIA. Sori round, many or nume- rous. Fronds dimorphous. Barren fronds (cup- leaves) oakleaf-like, sessile, humus-collecting, fertile ones pinnatifid or pinnate, stipitate. GENUS 74. DRYOSTACHYUM. Sori oblong or sub- quadrangular, many. Fronds. pinnatifid, the higher segments fertile, much contracted. Barren fronds not oakleaf-like. GENUS 75. DRYMOGLOSSUM. Sori linear, 1 on each side, parallel to the costa or the margin. Barren fronds roundish or oblong, fertile ones linear or linear-oblong. GENUS 76. CHRISTOPTERIS. Sori linear, 1 on each side, parallel to the costa. Barren fronds sagit- tate, fertile ones 3-partite. Tribe XI. Acrosticheae. Sori indefinite, ie. quite covering portions of the under surface or occasionally both sur- ‘faces of the fertile segments at full maturity, but ap- parently, linear in the forms with much contracted at vr rections GENUS 77. PLATYCERIUM. Distinguished from the following genera by the dichotomously branched fer- tile fronds. Barren (basal) fronds adpressed to the substratum, humus-collecting. GENUS 78. ELAPHOGLOSSUM. Veins free, the apices not rarely united by a + marginal, cartilagineous or decoloured line. Fronds simple. GENUS 79. STENOCHLAENA. Veins free, those of the fertile fronds united at the base by a + Fiuices. COMPENDIUM. XXXII costal strand. Fronds pinnate, Lomaria-like. Rhi- zome high-scandent. GENUS 80. POLYBOTRYA. Veins free, not united at the. base -in the fertile fronds. Fronds pinnately divided, not Lomaria-like. Rhizome erect or wide- creeping, not high-scandent. Sori often occupying the apices of the veins only when young. GENUS 81. STENOSEMIA. Veins anastomosing, form- ing costal and .costular arches, otherwise free. Barren fronds ternate or pinnate, fertile ones con- spicuously contracted, branched. GENUS 82. HYMENOLEPIS. Veins anastomosing co- piously. Fronds simple, the soriferous apex nar- rowly linear or spoon-shaped. GENUS 835. ACROSTICHUM. Veins anastomosing co- piously. Fronds pinnate; pinnae not articulate to the rachis, the higher ons fertile, rarely much contrated. GENUS 84. PHOTINOPTERIS. Veins anastomosing copiously. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate; segments articulate to the rachis, the higher ones fertile, always much contracted. GENUS 83. CHEIROPLEURIA. Veins anastomosing co- piously. Fronds dimorphous, the barren ones simple or more commonly, 2-fid, with the segments sometimes 2-fid again, each segment with 2 or more stout, longitudinal ribs. Fertile fronds simple, narrowly linear. GENUS 86a. LEPTOCHILUS. Veins anastomosing co- piously. Fronds dimorphous, simple, 3-fid or pin- nate, each segments with a single/« central rib. Spores oblong, ovate or bilateral. 3 XXXIV COMPENDIUM. GENUS 86). PLATYTAENIA. Like genus 86a, but the fronds pinnate and the spores globoso-tetra- hedral. FAMILY VII. PARKERIACEAE. Ring incomplete, vertical. Sori inde- finite, consisting of numerous sporangia scattered irregularly along the few, longitudinal veins, covered by the unaltered, recurved margin of the frond when young. GENUS 87. CERATOPTERIS. Characters of the fa- mily. FAMILY VIII. OSMUNDACEAE. Ring incomplete, short and horizontal or consisting of a lateral group of thickened cells only. Indusium wanting. GENUS 88. OSMUNDA. Sori globose, placed in op- posite, marginal clusters. Segments articulate to the rachis, the fertile ones more or less con- tracted. GENUS 89. LEPTOPTERIS. Sori flat, dorsal. Segments not articulate to the rachis, the fertile ones not contracted. Series IT. Exannulatae. Sporangia without a ring. FAMILY IX. MARATTIACEAE. Fronds mostly large, the stipes flanked by 2 stipulaeform appendages at the base. Indusium wanting or inconspicuous. GENUS 90. ANGIOPTERIS. Sporangia in 2 opposite, close rows, not concrete. Fronds large, compound. GENUS 91. MARATTIA. Sporangia concrete in 2- valved synangia, the valves opposite, boat-shaped. Fronds large, compound. GENUS 92. CHRISTENSENIA. Sporangia concrete in COMPENDIUM. XXXV circular synangia. Fronds small, ternate or qui- nate. CLASS If. TUBERITHALLOSAE. Prothallium tuberous, white. FAMILY X. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Sporangia without a ring, sessile, placed on much contracted, spicate or paniculate fertile segments Opposite to and springing from the base, the centre or the margin of the normal, frondose, barren segment. Indusium wanting. GENUS 93. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Fertile segment spicate, with the sporangia in 2 opposile, lateral rows. Barren segment simple; veins anastomosing. GENUS 94. HELMINTOSTACHYS. Fertile segment Spicate, with the sporangia in numerous crested clusters spreading in all directions. Barren seg- ment divided; veins free. GENUS 93. BOTRYCHIUM. Fertile segment panicu- late, with the sporangia placed in 2 rows on the inner face of the branches. Barren segment di- vided ; veins free. Abbreviated natural arrangement ‘of the FAMILIES, TRIBES AND GENERA as construed in this work. 1. CYATHEACEAE. (Diels, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam., I*, 113), I. Cyatheae. (Diels, l.c., 123). 1 Cyathea, | - 9 Hemitelia, 3. Alsophila. XXXVI é COMPENDIUM. ll. Dicksonieae (Diels, 1. c., 119). 4 Dicksonia, 6 Cibotium. Il. MATONIACEAE. (Diels, 1. c., 545). 6 Matonia. Ill. GLEICHENIACEAE. (Diels, 1. c., 380). 7 Gleichenia. IV. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE. (Sadeb., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. PA. Fam., I*, 91). 8 Hymenophyllum, 9 Trichomanes. V. SCHIZAEACEAE. (Diels, 1. c., 386). 10 Lygodium, 11 Schizaea. VI. POLYPODIACEAE. (Diels, 1. c., 139). I. Woodsieae. (Diels, |. c., 159). I. WOODSIINAE. 12 Diacalpe, 27 Cystopteris, 35 Acrophorus. I. ONOCLEINAE. —— ll. Aspidieae. (Diels, 1. c., 166). I ASPIDIINAE. 1. INDUSIATAE. 22 Dryopteris (Nephrodium), excl. Phegopteris, 24 Luerssenia, 23 Mesochlaena, 20 Didymochlaena, 18 Cyclopeltis, 25 Aspidium, excl. Pleocnemia & Dictyopleris, 21 Pleocnemia, 19 Polystichum, excl. Cyrtomium, 26 Cyrtomium. 2. EXINDUSIATAE. 60a Phegopteris, COMPENDIUM. XXXVIL 606 Dictyopteris, 80 Polybotrya, 81 Stenosemia, 86a _Leptochilus (Gymnopteris), 67a Hemigramma. Il. DIPTERIDINAE: 61 Dipteris. Ila. Oleandreae. (Diels, 1. c., 203). 18 Qleandra. lll. Davallieae. (Diels, 1. c., 204). 1. INDUSIATAE. 16 Arthropteris, 17 Nephrolepis, 32 Humata, 31a Saccoloma, 316 Leptolepia, 34 Davallia, excl. Prosaplia, 38 Microlepia, 28 QOdontosoria, 36 Tapeinidium (Wibelia), 14 Dennstaedtia, 30 Schizoloma, 29 Lindsaya. 2, EXINDUSIATAE. 39 Monachosorum. IV. Pterideae. (Diels, 1. c., 254). I GYMNOGRAMMINAE. 66 Syngramma, 62 Coniogramme, 67 Hemionitis, 65 Ceropteris (Neurogramme). Il. CHEILANTHINAE. 1. INDUSIATAE. 41 Pellaea, 42a Doryopteris, 39 Cheilanthes, 38 Hypolepis, 44 Onychium aaa §), 40 Plagiogyria. XXXVI COMPENDIUM. 2. EXINDUSIATAE. 58 Notholaena (Nothochlaena). I. ADIANTINAE, 37 Adiantum. IV. PTERIDINAE. 45a Pteris, excl. Schizostege, 42b Schizostege, 45b Hemipteris, 43 Histiopteris, 47 Pteridium, 46 Paesia. V. Blechneae. —— . VI. Asplenieae. (Diels, 1. c., 222). I ASPLENIINAE. 54 Athyrium, 33 Diplazium, 13 Diplaziopsis (Allantodia), 87 Triphlebia, 86 Phyllitis (Scolopendrium), 55 Asplenium. I] BLECHNINAE. 1. INDUSIATAE. 49 Blechnum, evcl. Lomaria, 48 Lomaria, 80 Sadleria, 52 Woodwardia, 51 Doodia. 2, EXINDUSIATAE. 79 Stenochlaena. Vil.. Phegopterideae. —— Vill. Gymnogrammeae. —- IX. Grammitideae (Vittarieae, Diels, 1. c., 297). I VITTARIINAE. 68 Monogramma, 69 Vittaria. Il. ANTROPHIINAE. 64 Antrophyum. X. Polypodieae. (Diels, 1. c., 302). COMPENDIUM... XXxix I. .TAENITIDINAE. 1. ARTICULATAE. 75 Drymoglossum, 76 Christopteris, 865 Platytaenia, 82 Hymenolepis. 2. INARTICULATAE. 65 Loxogramme, 70 Taenitis. Il. POLYPODIINAE. 71 Polypodium, excl. Loxogramme, incl. Prosaptia & Leca- nopteris, 72 Cyclophorus (Niphobolus), _ 74 Dryostachyum, © 84 Photinopteris, 75 Drynaria. Xl. Acrosticheae. (Diels, l.c., 330). I ACROSTICHINAE. 78 Elaphoglossum, 83 Acrostichum. I. PLATYCERIINAE. 85 Cheiropleuria, 77 Platycerium. Vil. PARKERIACEAE. (Diels, 1. c. 539). 87 Ceratopteris. Vill. OSMUNDACEAE. (Diels, 1. c., 372). 89 Leptopteris, 88 Osmunda. IX. MARATTIACEAE. (Bitt., in Engl. & Prantl., Nat. Pfl.Fam., I', 429). 90 Angiopteris, 91 Marattia, 92 Christensenia (Kaulfussia). X, OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. (Bitt., |. c. 449). 93 Ophioglossum; 95 Botrychium; 94 Helmintostachys. XL COMPENDIUM. Following pages contain besides descriptions keys to the determination of the families, tribes, genera and species. If one supposes to have found in the keys the name sought after, he should not omit reading the diagnosis itself, seeing the plants are determined by more characteristics than those few admitted in the keys These are mere expedients, no infallible guides; they chiefly had to be extracted from the available diagnoses since I did not set eyes on a great part of the plants. Furthermore it would have heen like looking for a needle in a hay- stack to insert all deviations from the normal forms. Consequently the use of the keys may be sometimes the cause of going wrong. In. comparing the collected plants with the descriptions given in this and other works one should bear in mind that diflerent authors are not always unanimous in using botanical terms. So, for instance, the word ovafe is not rarely used for oval or even deltoid or another term, spreading for horizontal, erecto-patent for more or less oblique, conspicuous and inconspicuous for distinct and indistinct, costa for rachis, costula for main vein, vein for veinlet, pinna for lobe or lacinia, medial for medial on the veins or medial between the:costae (joined) for connected, united or confluent, curved sometimes for flexuose, &c. FILICES. FILICES (Ferns). See ‘Supplement ‘i, p. 17 — 21. Nat. Pfl. Fam., I‘, fig. 11. b. SERIES I. ANNULATAE. Sporangia with a ring/consisting of a close or broken row or a group of conspicugfsly prominent, thickened cells. oblique, subvertical, FAMILY I. Cyatheaceae. Ring completé, sometimes interrupted by a. group of depressed, Aransversally oblong cells, which are however distinctly differentiated fropf the other cells of the spo- rangium. Sori globose or oblong, consisting /of numerous, densely crowded but then neither umbrella-shaped sporangia; indusium wanting or present, . fig. 82, D; Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., nor linear. Arborescent ferns. Diels 1. tab. I, fig. 4—6. fe. Ring as in Cyatheaceae but never in- —8 sporangia placed in a whorl; indusium FAMILY II. Matoniace terrupted. Sori, consisting of umbrella-shaped. “No arboregcent ferns. Diels, 1. c., fig. 181 & 182, B; Hk. Bk, 1. c., fig. 8. FAMILY II. G leicheniaceae. Ring complete, + horizontal, sur- rounding the spory gium like a belt. Sori dorsal, consisting of 2—12/s | Sporangia mostly placed jf a whorl; indusium wanting; receptacle dot-like Diels, Le, fig. 186; Hk/Bk., 1. c., fig. 2. MLY IV. Hiymenophyliaceae. Ring as in Gleicheniaceae. i foarginal, consisting of numerous sporangia crowded around an erected, oble pened , capitate, malleiform or columnar-filiform receptacle; indusium Diels, 1_c_fig. 72, & 75 D- Hk Bk c_tab I, fig 464-7, 4 Fruices. LO a6 ale Se oe Tees wr D> o iform ANytaRWRael ne ape : on J ao, ry ve Te fl ee: fe hl tlle a o) of the sporangium. Sporangia either 1—2, placed in the axils of imbricaye, clasping, scale-like indusia or numerous, but then placed in 2—4 regular, naked rows. Diels, 1. c., fig. 192; Hk. Bk., 1. c., tab. VIII, fig. 64, db. IX, fig. 68. FAMILY VI. Polypodiaceae. Ring incomplete, voftical, the ex- tremities sometimes separated by the stalk of the sporangium only. Sori definite or indefinite and then the sporangia densely crowdéd over the paren- chyma; indusium wanting or present. (Ring sometimgS as in Cyatheaceae, but then the indusium linear and .the ferns not arMorescent). Diels, 1. c., fig. 57 & 87, D & H; Hk. Bk, 1. w, tab, 1, fig. 7,A. FAMILY VI. WParkeriaceae. Ring as in Polypodiaceae. Sori indefinite, consisting of many sporangia scgftered irregularly along the few, longitudinal veins, protected by the much pécurved margin of the frond when young. Diels, |. c., fig. 178—179; Hk. Bk., 1. c., tab. Il, fig. 352. FAMILY VI. Osmundaegae. Ring incomplete, short and hori- zontal or consisting of a roundish/lateral group of thickened cells. Indusium wanting. Diels, |. c., fig. 205; Ak. Bk., l. c., tab. VIII, fig. 62,c,&63,b&d. bb. SERIESAL. EXANNULATAE. Sporangia without/ring. FAMILY IX. Miayattiaeeae. Sori consisting of 8—24 sporangia. Sporangia free, placed in 2 close, short rows or joined into 2-valved or cir- cular synangia. Digls, 1. c., fig. 259; Hk. Bk., 1. c., tab. IX, fig. 69, 70 & 72. aa SLASS I. TUBERITHALLOSAE. Prothal- lium white, tuberous, hypogeous or immersed in the substratum. FAMKLY X. O@phioglossaceae. Sporangia without/ring, rather large, Aot gathered into sori but placed on much contracted, spicate or pani- culajé segments originating from the base, the centre or the margin of the bgfren, normal-shaped segment of the frond. Diels, 1. c., fig. 289, A—B & a ‘ D . Co To; 7 UK, tC. tis. tS TS: Fiuices. 5 Key to the families. g ‘a awit] sie b. Ring complete. ; e. Ring oblique, subvertical. d. Ferns arborescent. Indusium wanting or presént, but then neither linear nor umbrella-shaped. I. Cyatheaceae. : d.d. Ferns not arborescent. Indusium linegf or umbrella- shaped. e. Indusium umbrella-shaped. Il. Matoniaceae. e.e. Indusium linear. VI. Polypodiacege, No. 40, Plagiogyria. e.c. Ring + horizontal, surrounding yhe sporangium like a belt. é. Receptacle inconspicuous, Aot-like. Indusium wanting. : Il. Gleicheniaceae. a.é. Receptacle conspicuous, erect, oblong to columnar-filiform. Indusium present. /IV. Hiymenophyliaceae. c.c.e. Ring operculiform, growning the apex of the sporangium. V. Schizaeaceae. b.b. Ring incomplete. x. Ring vertical, Jéng, the extremities sometimes separated by the stalk of she sporangium only. :. Sori i definite. Sporangia scattered irregularly on the few/ longitudinal veins. VI. Parkeriaceae. 2. Séri definite or indefinite, but then the sporangia densely crowded over the parenchyma. VI. Polypodiaceae. x.x,/fRing horizontal, short or consisting of a lateral group of thickened cells only. VI. Osmundaceae. ngia, without a ring. Sori on the under surface of normal fronds. IX. Marattiaceace. . Sporangia not gathered into sori, placed on much contracted, spicate or paniculate segments originating from the base, the centre or the margin of the leafy, barren segment. XxX Ophioclossaceane. FAMILY I. CYATHEACEAE. Il CYATHEACEAE (‘). Sori globose or ellipsoid, dorsal or terminal on the veins; sporangia numerous, sessile or stalked, furnished with a complete, oblique (subvertical) ring, which is sometimes interrupted at the place of the stomium by a row of depressed, transversally oblong cells; stomium opening al right angles to the ring; receptacle often elevated. Indusium wanting or more generally present and then scale-like, 2-valved, subcupuliform or globose, but then after- wards evanishing or becoming cup-shaped, sometimes consisting of a whorl of hairs or fibres, always fastened beneath the sorus. Caudex arborescent, sometimes subarborescent. Fronds often very large, mostly compoundly divided; veins free or the costal ones sometimes anasto- mosing in Hemitelia. Tropical and subtropical. Arrangement of the tribes. § 1. CYATHEAE. Sori dorsal, placed on the back or at the forking of a vein. Annulus not interrupted by a row of depressed cells. § 2. DICKSONIEAE. Sori terminal on the veins. Annulus interrupted by a row of depressed cells at the place of the stomium. Key to the tribes and genera. See Supplement 1, p. 22. Sori indusiate. b. Indusium distinct, globose, quite en bursting down irregula afterwards evanishing or becoming + cup-shaped—Réceptacle central. No. 1. Cyathea. dusium distinct, squamiform, convex, placed at the inner side of Hie poi lathe No 2 Hiemitelia. (*) The species of this family are difficult of determination ynless the whole stipe and the lowest pinnae besides the central pinna and a portion of the main rachis are present. sing the sorus when young, 10 I. GYATHEACEAE. b.b.b. Indusium spurious, consisting of a minute scale placed at t obed centre. inner side of the receptacle or of a circular, entire scale or a whorl of fibres with the receptacle in 5. Alsophila. a.a. Sori exindusiate. . 5. Alsophila. +.+. Sori terminal on the veins. DICKSONIEAE. *, Indusium 2-valved, the ou valve consisting of an unmodified, cucullate lobe of the frond, forming with the inner valve a saccate No. 4. Dicksonia. -valved, the outer valve like the inner one, distinctly involucre to th *.%, Indusiu fitiated from the margin of the frond, both forming a saccate involucre to the sorus. No. 3. Cibotium. TRIBE |. CYATHEAE. 1 CYATHEA, Smith. Sori globose, dorsal on a vein or veinlet or in the axil of a veinlet; receptacle elevated, globose or shortly columnar. , Indusium inferior, mem- branaceous or somewhat horny, globose, at first quite enclosing the sorus, afterwards evanishing or breaking down and becoming cupshaped, with an entire or more or less irregularly lobed or laciniated margin. Caudex arborescent, often beautifully marked with the scars of fallen fronds. Fronds mostly large and divided, rarely simple (not in malayan material); veins free, simple or forked. Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., tab. I, fig. & Tropical/and extra-tropical in the southern hemisphere. a. Fronds simply pinnate. (1) C. moluccana. a.a. Fronds 2-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate. b. Main rachis densely scaly. (2).C. philippinensis. b.b. Main rachis naked or nearly so. ec. Pinnae pinnatifid throughout. (3) C. aneitensis. e.e. Pinnae pinnate, at least at the base. ad. Pinnae pinnate near the base. e. Pinnae + 2"), c.M. broad. Secondary segments + 5m.M. broad. (4) G. dulitensis. e.e. Pinnae 38—8 c.M. broad. Segments + 10 m.M. broad. (5) C. alternans. d.d. Pinnae pinnate nearly throughout. (6) C. sarawakensis. a.a.a. Fronds 3-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate. 4. Tertiary segments “very small, roundish, not more than + 2'/, m.M. long. (7) C. Macgregorii. 4.4. Tertiary segments oblong to linear, much more than 2%/, m.M. long. 2. Pinnulae pinnatifid, sometimes pinnate at the base. 7 3. Main rachis not prickly, naked. | See also C. orientalis). 4. Tertiary segments entire or slightly crenate. *, Veins 7—8 on each side of the costulae, deeply forked. (8) CG. polypoda. Veins + 12 om each side of the costulae, 2—3 X - forked. (9) C. leucotricha. Ht 14 1. CYATHEA. 4.4. Tertiary segments + toothed. & Veins 5—6 on each side of ,the costulae. _ (10) C. suluensis. 5.5. Veins 9—12 on each side. 6. Texture papyraceous. Sori in + 4—5 pairs to a lobe. (11) C. saccata. 6.6. Texture coriaceous. Sori in + 8 pairs to a lobe. (12) C. cyclodonta. 3.3. Main rachis not prickly, but scaly, hairy or tomentose, at least and __ Oo. spinulosa. on the upper side. often rough or roughish. (S (See also 0. ly yrenode «. Texture membranaceous to papyraceous. B. Main rachis hawry or tomentose. y. Ultimate segments obseuroly-cvenate; slightly scaly beneath. (15) G. fusca. A 7.7. Ultimate segments -servate,- naked beneath. (14) C. integra. 6.8. Main rachis sqiamose. (15) G. assimilis. A aa. Texture chartaceous to coriaceous. pf’. Main and secondary rachises provided with prom: inent tuberculiform glands (aérophores) on the lower side, near the bases of the pinnae and pinnulae. (16) C. Zollingeriana. p’.p'. Rechises without glands (aérophores), or the glands flat, depressed. 7. Main rachis hairy or tomentose, not scaly. &. Sori costular.: (See also C. hymenodes and C. spinulosa). ?. Indusium evanishing or breaking down more or less irregularly into 2 or more fragments. ¢ — Costae beneath naked or bullato- squamulose. (17) C. Korthalsii. #* Costae beneath hairy, furfur- aceous or plano-squamulose (chaffy). (18) C. crenulata, ee! Indusium at length regularly cup- shaped with an entire, truncate mouth. (19) C. orientalis. 1. cYATHEA. 13 | | $8. Veins + 7—40 on each side of the cos- tulae. * Indusium at length shallowly saucer-shaped, often entire. (22) ©. javanica. | *e Indusium evanishing or breaking down irregularly. +. Sort costular. (23) C. sumatrana. te. Sort rather medial. (24) C. inquinans. 3.3.3. Main rachis + prickly, at least towards the base. 4. Upper surface whitish when dry Yy. (25) t. Jeucophaés. 4.4. Upper surface not whitish when dry. 5. Sori distant from the costulae. (26) C. strigosa. &.&. Sori costular. | (See also C. orientalis). 6. Ee eee Pinnulae 6—7"), c.M. long. Sor—few—to-a—lobe. (27) C. hymenodes. 6.6. Reaohises—_noltomentoser. Pinnulae 8—12 c.M. long. Sorimeany—to~a—tobe. ve C. spinulosa. 2.2. Pinnulae pinnate + throughout. i a7 §. Main rachis not prickly, naked.\° o rr “neat rly § 69) C. Muelleri. A §.§. Main rachis not prickly, but — hairy or tomentose. *, Hdges crenate ; each crenation corresponding with a bullate “vault , “prominent on the upper surface. (30) C. oinops. #¥, “Edges entire or, crenulate ; prominent, bullate vaults wanting. os (51) ¢ ot sobizncllarnys A §.6.6. Main raphe pric! baal connate. 0. a fib fueaceaas, eer +. sogmonts—adnate—to—the—rachis. Under surface audi (52) C. arachnoidea. hee Fower—tertiary segments slightly stalked, Under surface — _naked or inconspicuously scaly. (33) C. celebica. \ * (1) C. molucecana, R. Br., Desv., Prod., 522; |. Brunonis, Wall., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 16, Schizocaena Brunonis, J. Sm., Bau. & “Ak, Gen. ai tab. II. : Stipes 50—100 c.M. leng, the base slightly rough and furnished with brown scales. Fronds large, + 100 c.M. long, simply pinnate. Pinnae nu- 16 1. CYATHEA. + 13—30 ¢.M. long, 2'/,—4 c.M. broad, the edge repando-crenate, or slightly and irregularly sinuate, the base subcuneate or rounded, the apex acuminate, crenate-dentate. Texture thinly coriaceous; merous, distant, lanceolate, + surfaces naked or the upper one hairy on the costa near the base like the rachis; costae and veins distinct; veins parallel, several times branched. Sori in + 2/ often very irregular rows on each side of the costa; indusium thin, breaking down irregularly. Malaya. (2) C. philippimensis, Bk., Ann. of Bot., V, 186. See the Appendix. ' + 530 c.M. broad, narrgwedTfrom the Philippines. (3) C. aneitensis, @k., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 26. Pinnae oblong, 50—45 c.M. long, 10—18 c.M. broad, sessile or nearly so, short-acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes rather distant, oblong, acute, subserrate. Texture coriaceo-membranaceous; rachis smooth, purple or ebeneous: costae and costulae scaly with hair-like scales; veins forked. Sori copious, intermediate between the costulae and the margin; indusium thin- membranaceous, persistent, soon breaking down and generally opening at the back so as to form a large, lax, almost transparent, 2-lobed and ragged cup, often again irregularly lacerated. Ternate; Aneitum. (4) ©. dulitensis, Bk., Kew Bull., 1896, 40. Caudex short. Stipes densely tufted, + 15 c.M. long, brown, naked above, the base covered with large, spreading, linear-subulate, “membranaceous scales. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, + 50 c.M. long, 12—18 ¢.M. broad, 2-pin- nate. Pinnae lanceolate, + 2'/, c.M. broad, pinnate at the base, the lower ones’ short-stalked, the lowest reduced, deflexed. Segments linear-oblong, + 5 m.M. broad, nearly entire, the margin revolute. Texture thick, rigid, coria- ceous; surfaces naked, rachis nearly so, brown; veins obscure, immersed, 1. CYATHEA. 17 erecto-patent, forked. Sori in 1 row on each side of the costa, medial; in- dusium campanulate, fragile, breaking down irregularly, persistent. Borneo. * (5) C. alternans, Pr. 'Bedd., Handb. Ind. Ferns, Suppl., 2; Alsophila alternans, Hk., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 41; Bedd., Ferns Br.I., Il, tab. CCXXXVI; Amphicosmia ‘alternans, Moore, Bedd., Handb. Ind. Ferns, 10; Hemi- telia alternans, Hk., Icon. Pl., VII, tab. DCXXII; — var. Lobbiana; C. Lobbiana, Hk., Hk. Bk., Ll. c., 24. : Fronds large, sub-2-pinnate. Pinnae short-stalked, remote, 20—35 c.M. long, 4—8 c.M. broad, linear-oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid,- but: pinnate at the base. Segments linear-oblong, acute, subfalcate, spreading, remote or slightly so, + alternate, + 1 ¢.M. broad, the edge entire or serrate, the lowest ones sessile with a broad base. The extremity of the frond suddenly pinnate with oblong, undivided, sessile pinnulae, serrate at the margin. Tex- ‘ture subcoriaceous; rachis and surfaces naked or the rachis tomentose above; veins approximate, 1—2 X forked. Sori 2-seriate on each pinnula or lobe, close, mixed with rather copious, jointed hairs; indusium at length a hemis- pherical cup, completely surrounding the base of the sorus. Var. Lobbiana: Pinnae strongly acuminate nearly to the costa; segments obtuse. Indusium very thin, breaking down irregularly. Penang; — var. Lobbiana: Borneo. (6) ©. sarawakensis, @k., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil, 23; (?C. alter- nans, Pr., C. Chr., Ind. Fil.). . : Fronds large, 2-pinnate. Pinnae distant, stalked, to 30 c.M. long or longer, + 15 c.M. broad, oblong, pinnatifid only at the acuminate apex, pin- nate towards the base. Pinnulae numerous, approximate, horizontal, sessile, 10—18 m.M. broad, linear, acuminate, crenato-serrate, obliquely cuneate at the base. Texture subcoriaceous; surfaces and rachises naked; veins approxi- mate, 2—3-furcate. Sori dorsal, rarely in the axils of the veins; indusium thin, fragile, breaking down into irregular lobes. Borneo. (1) ©. Maegregorii, muell., Journ. of Bot., XXVIII, 104. Caudex short, under 60 c.M. long. Fronds 3-pinnatifid; rachises more or less clothed with an intertangled coat of brown scales. Pinnae + 10¢.M. long, + 2%/, c.M broad. Pinnulae lanceolate, 4—5 m.M. broad. Segments Fiuices. 2 18 1. cYATHEA. round or oblong, bullate, rigid, with the edges much recurved. Texture rigid; surfaces copiously scaly when young. Sori 1—2 to each ultimate segment, quite covering its under surface; indusium globose, fragile. New Guinea. (8) C. polypoda, Bk., Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot., 2d Series, IV, 250. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid; main rachis naked. Pinnae lanceolate-oblong, + 48 c.M. long, 10—15 c.M. broad. Pinnulae lanceolate, the lower stalked, + 153 m.M. broad, pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes oblong, obtuse, entire, 31/,—3 m.M. broad. Texture moderately firm; under surface covered with numerous white, ovate’ scales, especially on the costae; veins 7—8 on each side, deeply forked. Sori medial between the costulae and the margin; ins dusium cupuliform, small, naked. Borneo. * (9) C. leucotricha, Christ, Ann. Btz., XX, 135. Fronds large, tripinnatifid, subtripinnate; main-rachis naked, glossy, reddish- brown. Pinnae stalked, approximate, to 50 c.M. long, + 18 c.M. broad, acu- + 9 cM. long, + 18 mM. broad, acuminate, the base slightly narrowed, the edge cut down nearly to the costa; lowest pinnulae not the largest. Ultimate segments pectinate, bluntish or subacute, falcate, ++ 23 on each minate, + 30 on each side below the pinnatifid apex. Pinnulae + sessile, side below the pinnatifid apex, + 2'/, m.M. broad, linear-oblong, entire or slightly crenate towards the apex, the margin hardly reflexed. Texture coria- ceous; under surface not glaucous; costae, costulae and secondary rachises co- vered beneath with pale, + adpressed, firm hairs like the costae above; veins + 12 on each side, oblique, 2—3 forked. Sori medial on the lower veins, 4—5 on each side of the costulae; indusium thin, hyaline, globose. Borneo. (10) ©. suluemsis, Bk., Journ. of Bot., XVII, 68. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid or subtripinnate; main rachis pale-brown, naked. Pinnae sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 50 c.M. or more long, 12—18 c.M. broad. Pinnulae lanceolate, sessile, 1—2 c.M. broad, cut down nearly (or occasionally at the base quite) to the costa into ligulate-oblong, toothed segments - 4—5 m.M. broad. Texture moderately firm; rachises naked, pale-brown; under surface covered with many small, white, bullate scales on the midribs of the pinnulae and ultimate segments; veins 4 —6-jugate, erecto-patent, dis- 1. cyATHEA. 19 tinct, deeply forked. Sori rather small, placed at the forkings of the lower veins; indusium persistent, semiglobose, entire or slightly broken up as it matures. Sulu Islands. (11) ©C. saceata, Christ., Ann. Btz., XIX, 42. Dwarftree. Stipes glossy, sulcate below, convex above, yellow-brown, covered with minute warts and prickles, + 25 c.M. long. Fronds + 115 c.M. long, + 80 c.M. broad, ovate, acuminate, narrowed towards the base, 5-pinnatifid. Pinnae distant, stalked, + 12 c.M. broad, ovate, acuminate, caudate, narrowed at the base. Pinnulae distant, 2—2'/, c.M. apart, + 17/, c.M. broad, the lower ones shorter, stalked, lanceolate, the apex serrate, the edge pinnatifid. Segments 13—14 on each side, ligulate, + 21/, m.M. broad, obtuse, toothed. Texture papyraceous ; upper surface dark-green, under one paler; rachis reddish, those of the pinnae brown or ebeneous; upper surface furfuraceous on the costae, the scales brown; veins distinct, 9—12 on each side, forked. Sori 4—8 on each side, medial; indusium membranaceous, afterwards saccate with the margin entire. Celebes. * (12) C. eyelodonta, ov. 4. v. B.; Alsophila cyclodonta, Christ, Ann. Btz., XX, 137. . Main rachis naked, glossy, brownish-green. Pinnae + 60 c.M. long, 20—25 c.M. broad, acuminate, the base not or harly narrowed, on stalks 1—6 c.M. long, the rachis hairy above. Pinnulae subsessile, spreading, close, 2—2'/, c.M. broad, numerous, the base not narrowed, the apex acuminate, subcaudate, toothed, ,the costa covered above with adpressed, pale-coloured hairs, clothed beneath with longer, spreading, subulate setae. Tertiary seg- ments linear, falcate, obtuse, + 21/, m.M. broad, the higher ones confluent, the thers sessile, 2—3 m.M. apart, united by a narrow wing, decurrent with a rounded, adnate lobe, the lowest subsessile, with a truncate base, the margin dentate-crenate, the crenations semiorbicular, ++ 12 on each side. Texture coriaceous; under surface hairy on the costulae; veins fine, + 12 on each side. Sori + 8 on each side, contiguous, + medial, not occupying the higher veins, 1 to each crenation; indusium at length a shallow, deeply and irregularly lobed, membranaceous, persistent, brown cup. Borneo. (13) ©. fusea, Bk., Becc., Mal., Ill, 31. Fronds large, 3-pinnatifid; main rachis brownish-pubescent. Pinnae oblong- 20 1. cYATHEA. lanceolate. Pinnulae sessile, lanceolate. Ultimate segments oblong, obscurely crenate. Texture moderately firm; under surface covered with small scale: on the veins; veins distinct, erecto-patent, 5—6 on each side, mostly forked Sori medial on the veins: indusium firm, persistent, naked, the opening broad entire or cut down to the receptacle. New Guinea. (14) C. integra, J. Sm., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 23; Hk., Icon., Pl., VII tab. DCXXXVII[; — var. petiolata; C. petiolata, J. Sm., Hk., 1. c., fig. 2. Fronds 5-pinnatifid; main rachis + short-hairy or tomentose above (conf Hooker’s drawing). Pinnae large, + 43—80 o.M. long. Pinnulae sessile, + 15 on each side below the pinnatifid apex, + 7'/,—12'/, c.M.- long, the apex acuminate, toothed, the base + truncate, + 1'/, c.M. broad, the edge cut 1/,—?/,-way down to the costa into broad, oblong, subfalcate, serrate lobes. Texture firm-membranaceous; upper surface brownish-green, under one paler, both surfaces naked. Sori in 1 row on each side, medial between the costulae and the margin, occupying the lower veins: indusium pale, membranaceous, breaking down into a persistent, lobed cup. Var. petiolata: Pinnulae often stalked. Amboyna, Philippines. (15) ©. assimilis, wx., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 24; C. Beccariana, Ces., Fel. di Bor., 5. Stipes bright-chestnut-brown, slightly muricate and fringed on one side with long, ferrugineous scales. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid; superior rachis + squamose like the underside of the costae. Pinnaé nearly 50 c.M. long, 7'/,—10 c¢.M. broad, acuminate, petiolate. Pinnulae and superior pinnae deeply pinnatifid almost to the costa. Lobes oblong, obtuse, subfaleate, coars- ely toothed, the lowest inferior lobe always the smallest. Texture thinly herbaceous to rigidly membranaceous; veins simple or 1—2 xX forked. Sori dorsal on the veins or in the axils of the forks: indusium very thin and filmy, breaking down into irregular lobes. Borneo, Celebes. (16) ©. ZoMingeriana, mett., Ann. Mus. Bot. L. B., L Be Stipe and rachis blackish-purpureous;: stipes rough, nodose below, furfura- ceous; rachis rough in the lower part, slightly scaly, densely hirsute above, purveyed with prominent, tuberculiform glands at the base of the pinnae. Fronds 1. cYATHRA. 21 3-pinnatifid. Pinnae lanceolate, short-stalked. Pinnulae sessile, + 7 ¢ M. long, + 17 m.M. broad, linear-oblong, the apex narrowed, obscurely serrate. Lobes close, linear-oblong, slightly falcate, entire, / serrate at the obtuse apex. Texture coriaceous; upper surface hirsute or furfuraceous on the costae, under one scaly on the costulae; veins fine, forked. Senimoloseto_the costae,1—on—each side—of—the—eostulae; indusium firm, membranaceous, cupuliform, the mouth constricted, + repand, afterwards cut down irregularly. Java. (17) C. KMorthalsii, mett., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 25; Mett., Ann. Mus. Bot. L. B., I, 87. | See | Supplement 1. above. Pinnae 30—43 c.M. long, subsessile, elongate-oblong. Pinnuk c.M. long, 1—2 c.M. broad, sessile, oblong, acuminate, thepoint bluntish, the edge deeply pinnatifid, Lobes oblong, approxjmaté, subfalcate, subentire, obtuse, narrow. Texture firm, chartacegue;~ colour deep-green above, paler beneath; rachises slightly scal estae, under one sparingly bullato-paleaceous; veins pefieath, + hirsute above; upper surface ferrugineo-hirsute on the visible, slender, ebtique, the lower forked. Sori more or less copious, close to the aceous falling away in frasments. ig Oo ad [oj eostulae, chiefly in the lower part of the lobes; indusium firm-mem- Sumatra, Java, Celebes. * (18) C. erenulata, Bi. Rac., Flor. Btz,, 1,36; C. excelsa, Kze (not Sw.), Bot. Zeit. 1848, 284. |See| Supplement 1.. dary ones and the costae. oT. oblong, acuminate: Pinnulae oblong-lanceolate, short-acumineté, 5—10 c.M. long, to 2 c.M. broad. Lobes approximate, oblong, subattte, subfalcate, + 3 m.M. broad, slightly crenate, subdistinct. Texttire subcoriaceous; colour. dark-green, paler beneath; veins to on each side of the costulae, forked. Sori occupying the|1—3_ lower" veins; indusium membrana- close to the cos a7Soon breaking into very irregular ‘lobes. Under surface sparingly = astulae Java. * (19) ©. orientalis, Moore, Rac., Flor. Btz., I, 37; C. arborea, Sm., var. pallida, Hassk., Obs. Fil. Jav., I, 15. | See Supplement 1. Fronds large, ovate-lanceolate, to 2'/, M. long, to 1), M. broad, 3-pinnatifid ; ‘xipueddy aq} 99 $s 12 1. CYATHEA. nain rachis yellowish, -punctate-muricate,.tomentose above. Pinnae to 60 c.M. ong, on stalks 2—4 c.M. long. Pinnulae 7'/,—10 ¢.M. long, 1'/,—2 c.M. wroad, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, caudato-acuminate, the point serrate, the edge leeply pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes linear-oblong, approximate, subfaleate, the margin serrate and rather recurved. Texture coriaceous; colour black- sreen, paler beneath; rachises and costae -- tomentose above ; costae and costulae ‘urfuraceous beneath, the hairs and scales brownish; veins S—12 on each side of the ‘costulae, mostly forked. Sori 4—9 on each side, close to the sostulae which they conceal; indusium firm, persistent, becoming subglobose, ‘the mouth a little contracted, entire. Java, Celebes. * (20) C. rumensis, co. 4. cv. RB. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid; main rachis setose above like the secondary ones und the costae; the setae subulate, + adpressed, reddish-brown. Pinnae + 583 c.M. long, 22—28 c.M. broad. Pinnulae sessile, spreading, 2—2'/, ¢.M. braad at the base, the apex acuminate, toothed or crenate, the edge cut + ‘/,-way down to the costa into numerous (+ 18), oblong, bluntish, subfalcate lobes with a narrow space between them, the margin crenate, recurved, the lowest anterior lobes spreading, 58 m.M. broad, the lowest posterior -+ erecto-patent; lowest pinnulae not the longest. Texture coriaceous; under surface paler than the upper one; veins distinct, + 8 on each side of the costulae, the lower 1—5 forked. Sori medial on the veins, occupying nearly all the veins, except the highest ones, filling up the whole space between the costulae and the margin; indusium thin, hyaline, breaking down irregularly, the lower part persistent. : Pulo Run (Rhun or Rhoon, New Guinea). (21) C. Mavilandii, Bk., Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot., 2d Series, IV, 249. Stipes strong; the scales copious, lanceolate, brown, crisped. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, 3-pinnatifid, + 60 c.M. long, 290—30 c.M. broad: main rachis paleaceous. Pinnae sessile, oblong-lanceolate, + 3 c.M. broad, the lowest not reduced. Pinnulae numerous, close, lanceolate, sessile, the lower ones deeply pinnatifid. Lobes linear-oblong, erecto-patent. Texture subcoriaceous; under surface densely scaly on the costae; veins simple, 4—% on each side of the costulae, erecto-patent. Sori in 1 row on each side of the costae; indusium firm, cupuliform, naked, persistent. Borneo. { See Supplement 1. 1. CYATHEA. 23 * (22) C. javanica, Bl, Rac., Flor. Btz., L, 38.) See Supplement 1. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid; main rachis unarmed but not rarely rough, -paleaceo-tLomentose_like the secondaryonesy Pinnae to 60 c.M. long, on stalks to 2 c.M. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnulae lanceolate, to 2 ¢ cM. broad, deeply pinnatifid. Lobes linear, subfalcate, entire or obtuso-crenulate. Texture subcoriaceous; under surface bullato-squamulose on the costae; veins 8—10 on each side of the costulae, the lower forked. Sori 2—6 on each side of the costulae, the lower divaricating; indusium thin, breaking down ‘irregularly, the base persistent, -cupuliform, firmer. Java, Sumatra. * (23) C. sumatrana, #k., Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 209. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid to subtripinnate; rachises tomentose, especially on the upper side and clothed with long, linear, acuminate, scattered, brown scales, which make the rachises rough when they fall. Pinnae + 50 c.M. long, with the opposite pinnulae of contiguous pinnae overlapping. Pinnulae numerous, spreading, + 6—8 c.M. long, + 1'/,—2 ¢.M. broad, oblong, sud- denly acuminate at the narrow, mostly linear, broadly crenate apex, the point blunt, the edges parallel, cut down nearly to the costa, pinnate at the very base. Segments linear-oblong, + 3 m.M. broad, falcate, blunt, entire or crenate, , not conspicuously recurved at the edge, the lowest 1—2 free, mostly bluntly toothed; lowest pinnulae not the largest. Texture coriaceous; costae rough- hairy above; upper’ surface dark, the under one paler, covered with. pale, bullate scales on the costae and the lower part of the costules; veins 8—10 on each ‘side, forked, the higher simple. Sori close to the costules, occupying theflower|1—4 veins: indusium membranaceous, thin, breaking down irregularly. Sumatra, Java. (24) C. inquimans, Christ, Ann. Btz., XV, 83, tab. XIII, fig. 8, a—g: Fronds 5-pinnatifid. Stipes and rachises more or less densely scaly and hairy, the scales to 11/, c.M. long, pale-ferrugineous, the hairs crisped, ferru- gineous, joined into groups. Pinnae 27—30 c.M. long, imbricate, sessile, oblong, bluntish, slightly narrowed at the base. Pinnulae sessile, close, to 6 ¢.M. long, to 11/, c.M. broad, bluntish, cut down nearly to the costa into short-acuminate, subfalcate, crenulate to toothed lobes. Texture coriaceous, under surface hairy between the sori; colour dark-green, paler beneath; veins inconspicuous, forked at the base. Sori large, 6—8 to each lobe; indusium large, flaccid, yellowish, | caducous. 24 1. CYATHEA. * (28) C. leucophaés, Hassk., Journ. of Bot., VI, 523. Stipe and rachis muricate. Pinnae linear-lanceolate, + 10--12 ¢.M. broad at the base, short-stalked, the apex acuminate. Pinnulae linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the lowest longest, + 1—17/, ¢.M. broad at the base, the edge deeply pinnatifid. Lobes linear-oblong, acute, faleate, + 1'/.—2 m.M. broad at the base, the lowest + free, the edge recurved, crenato-serrate towards the point. Texture coriaceous; surfaces naked, the upper: one nearly white when dry; veins forked. Sori globose; indusium membranaceous, lucid, soon breaking down irregularly, at length evanished. Java. (26) ©. strigosa, Christ, Ano. Btz., XV, 84, tab. XII, fig. 6, a—e. Stipes + 45 c.M. long, angular, orange-brown, covered with small, fur- furaceous scales and strong, cylindric, glossy, blackish-red prickles. Fronds + 65 c.M. long, + 40 o.M. broad, deltoid; main rachis prickly. Pinnae 10—12, + 20 c.M. long, + §& c.M. broad, ovate, short-acuminate, sessile, the apex pinnatifid, the lowest not shorter. Pinnulae 15—i8 on each side, sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes falcate, deltoid, the edge entire, revolute. Texture coriaceous, firm but flexible; upper surface naked or sparingly hairy, under surface opaque-glaucous; veins covered. with subulate hairs and white, .ovate-bullate scales. Sori small, nearer the edge than the costulae; indusium afterwards flat and orbicular. Celebes. (27) ©. hymenodes, Mett., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 24. Stipes + 17 e.M. long, dark-brown, densely short-aculeolate, with few, black-brown, lanceolate scales. Fronds large, 5-pinnatifid; rachis tomentose above, the base subasperous or muricate. Central pinnae elongate-lanceolate to + 60 cM. long, 12—15 c.M. broad; rachis densely tomentose above. Pinnulae 2—2'/, c.M. broad, elongate-oblong, acuminate, slightly narrowed towards the base, sessile, the apex crenate, the edge deeply pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes compact, 4—5 m.M. broad, oblong, falcate, obtuse, entire or rarely crenate. Texture subcoriaceous; costa hirsute above, sparingly covered beneath with minute, pale, bullate scales; veins + 9 on each side, “oblique, forked. Sori few, close to the costulae, occupying the (lower, 12) veins; indu- sium thin, membranaceous, soon breaking down and falling away. Mettenius describes the texture as membranaceous. Sumatra. «See Supplement 1.) 1, CYATHEA. 25 * (28) C. spinulosa, mail. Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 23; Hk:, Spec. Fil., I, tab. XI,.C; — var. muriculata, Hassk., Journ. of Bot., VII, 322. Stipe and rachis strongly prickly, often dark-purple. Fronds large, to 3 M. long, 3-pinnatifid. Pinnulae oblong, moderately long-acuminate, + 8—12 c.M. long, + 2 c.M. broad, pinnatifid nearly to the costa. Lobes numerous, very close, lanceolate-oblong, acute, subfalcate, serrulate. Texture rather flaccid; surfaces naked, except that the costulae are covered beneath with small, bullate scales; veins forked. Sori small, numerous, close to the costulae, not occupying the higher veins; indusium thin, membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking down irregularly. ¢¢¢'-. poly bebe, # aneyh if ila pmo Mk + | tp po Var. muriculata: Stipe and rachis muriculate, not spinulose. Malaya; Formosa, Japan, South. China, North. India. (29) C. Muelleri, Bk., Journ. of Bot., XXVIII, 104. Fronds large, 5-pinnate; main rachis naked. Lowest pinnae oblong, + 30 c.M. long. Pinnulae lanceolate, to 2'/, c.M. broad. Tertiary divisions linear- oblong, + 5—4 m.M. broad, adnate to the rachis, the edge not recurved, deeply crenate. Texture moderately firm; surfaces naked, except the midribs of the pinnules above; colour dark-green, paler beneath; veins forked in the lower laciniae of the ultimate divisions. Sori 8—10 to the largest leaflets; indusium cup-shaped, entire, persistent. New Guinea. * (50) C. oinops, Hassk., Journ. of Bot., VII, 5322; C. sinops, Rac. (not ak. Flor. Btz., I, 36., pone : Buprlement 3 1, » Corrections. Tertiary divisions, + close, bluntish aleate, to 2'/, m.M. broad, crenate, each crenation corresponding a small vault. Texture subcoriaceous; colour dark-green, , paler_berféath; costae densely scaly, with 8—12 forked veins on ori occupying the (lower | 3—7) veins; indusium thin, breaking Java. (31) €. sehizochlamys, Bk., Journ. of Bot., XVIII, 209. Fronds large, 3-pinnate; main rachis thinly tomentose and clothed with 26 1. CYATHEA. small, acuminate scales. Pinnae oblong-lanceolate, -++ 45 c.M. long, 12— c.M. broad. Pinnulae lanceolate, 11,—2 ¢.M. broad, narrowed from the mid to the apex, cut down to the rachis into linear, entire or rarely crenula divisions + 2'/, m.M. broad, with a distinct space between them. Text firm; subrigid; both surfaces green; rachises and under surface densely cove: with small, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate scales on the midribs; veins 9—10 each side, distinct, forked from the base. Sori close to the midribs; indusi fragile, membranaceous, soon breaking down to the base. Sumatra. * (32) C. arachnoidea, ak., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., 24. Fronds 3-pinnate; rachises all dark-coloured,. opaque, clothed with ru tomentum and muricate with short, black, sharp spines. Pinnulae 10— c.M. long, 1—2 ¢.M. broad, oblong, pinnate, pinnatifid only near the narr¢ acuminate point. Tertiary divisions scarcely 7*/, m.M. long, linear fron broad base, acute, subfaleate. Texture coriaceous; under surface cobwebl veins immersed, inconspicuous. Sori near the middle of the pinnulae, occupy the whole space between the midribs of the ultimate divisions and the recur margin; indusium thin-membranaceous, whitish, breaking down into variou lobed and laciniated segments. Phe—javan—plant—Lea-Scheffer) hasthealiin seements—crenate,—-_1_¢-M long — Ternate, Java; Queensland. * (33) C. eelebiea, v. 4. v. RB. See Supplement. | Fronds large, 5-pinnate; main rachis prickly and furfuraceous like secondary ones; the prickles blackish, strong, sharp; the tomentum ferrugineo Pinnae 50—60 c.M. long, + 20 ¢.M. broad, on stalks + 5 c.M. long. PF nulae sessile, the lower ones stalked, + 2 c.M. broad, the apex short-acu nate, crenate; lowest pinnulae distant, + 5 c.M. apart. Tertiary divisi linear, the highest sessile, subfalcate, crenate, blunt, the lowest + longe + 2 mM. broad, spreading, subpetiolate, lobed towards the base, with lowest segments free, the lowest anterior segments often larger than the ot] ones. Texture coriaceous but not firm; tertiary rachises tomentosé above; s faces naked or the under surface sparingly and minutely scaly on the vei veins distinct, + 8 on each side, mostly forked. Sori filling up the sp: between the costae and the edge, occupying all the veins except the sim highest and the 2—35 & forked lowest ones; indusium thin, gradually evanishi) Celebes, (Teysmann, No. 13681). , 27 2 HEMITELIA, R. Brown. Characters of Cyathea, but the indusium consisting of a lateral, mostly semiorbicular, convex scale, attached at the inner side of the receptacle, too small to cover the sorus permanently. Fronds never simple and the veins sometimes anastomosing near the costae. Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., tab. I, fig. 5; Diels, in Eng. & Prantl., Nat. Pfl.Fam., I‘, fig. 82, A—C. Tropical and subtropical. | Arrangement of the sections. § 1. EUHEMITELIA. Costal veins anastomosing. (Not in Malaya). § 2. AMPHICOSMIA. ‘Veins all free. ‘See Supplement 1. . - $-— Shipes—net—prichly- *. Ultimate segments entire or crenulate. (1) H. crenyfata. x. Ultimate segments strongly serrate. (2). H. p&pensis. §-§. Stipes prickly, at least at the base. ¢. Main rachis smooth. (3) HAjunghuhniana. 4) H. sumatrana. +-~. Main rachis prickly. * (1) M. erenulata, Mmett., Rac., Flor. lata, Mett., Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil, 44. Stipes different in length, often beariyé gfig, to 70 c.M. broad, oblong-elliptic, z., 1, 38; Alsophila crenu- tr at the base some contracted or reduced pinnae. Fronds to 150 c¢.M. narrowed towards both ends, 5-pinngté. Pinnae lanceolate, to 10 c.M. broad, fe sessile, to 15 m.M. broad. Ultimate seg- entire or slightly crenate. Texture herbaceous ; on stalks to 1 ¢.M. long. Pinn ments linear, bluntish, the edgé rachises villose above: or Aveneath; under surface scaly on the costae. Sori 9—6 on each side of Philippines. We costae, occupying the lower veins. “~~ Sumatra, Java, (2) BL eddpensis, nm. Br. Hk. Bk, Syn. Fil, 29; Bau. & Hk., Gen. oil, tab. YHIL A; Cyathea capensis, Sm., Christ, Farnkr. d. Erde, 322, fig. 1023 ; ta riparia, Gardn., Lond. Journ. of Bot. I, tab. XII. - Amphigp _ Stipes scaly at the base, often bearing anomalous pinnae, which are 28 2. WEMITELIA. § 2. AMPHICOSMIA. oblong. Pinnulae subsessile, 5—7'/, c.M. long, 1'/,—2 c.M. broad, obloyg, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate again. Ultimate segments linear-ohfong, acute, strongly serrate. Texture membranaceo-papyraceous ; rachises ang costae clothed - beneath with scattered, deciduous, bullate scales; veins sinfple, 1 to each serrature. Sori frequently solitary at the base of the ultimajé segments, rarely 5—4; receptacle large, prominent; indusium brown, fim priate. Java, South. Africa, Braxilfd. % * (3) Mi. Junghuhniana, Mett., Rac.,.Floy. Btz., 1, 58; Also- phila Junghuhniana, Kze, Bot. Zeit., 1848, 284; — var/ dissoluta, Rac., |. ¢. Stipes aculeate at the base. Fronds “3-pinnaliff or 5-pinnate; main rachis deciduously tomentose. Pinnae lanceolate-ofiong, to + 60 c.M. long. Pinnulae sessile or subsessile, 5—10 c.M. long/ + 1%/, cM. broad, linear- lanceolate, acuminate. Ultimate segments free/or slightly joined at the base, 2--8 m.M. broad, linear-oblong, straight or suffalcate, bluntish, the edge crenate, toothed or lobod. Texture membranaceous/to chartaceous; secondary rachises tomentose; colour deep-green above, paley benéath; under surface + hairy or scaly on the costae and costulae, the/scales mostly deciduous; upper surface naked or hairy on the costae; veizvis 6—9 on each side, forked, the highest simple. Sori 1—4 on each side, Accupying the lower veins, + costular. War. dissoluta: Ultijéte segments 1—3 m.M. apart. Java, Sumatra. * (4) H. sumatrana, c. 4. oc. R. Fronds 5-pinnatifidf sub-3-pinnate; main and secondary rachises muricate with numerous, short, sharp, dark-tipped warts, densely but rather deciduously furfuraceo-tomentosy’ and purveyed with many, deciduous, linear, spreading scales, the main/ one rough ‘between the warts. Pinnae + 85 cM. long, stalked. Pinnyfae linear-lanceolate, short-acuminate, 8—12 c.M. long, + 2 c.M. broad, Aeeply pinnatifid, pinnate at the base. Ultimate segments linear- oblong, sufacute, + 2', m.M. broad, the lower ones free, the edge + crenato- dentate. /Texture chartaceous, fragile when dry; colour dark above, paler beneaji; upper surface piloso-tomentose on the costae (tertiary rachises), under one/densely scaly on the costae and costulae; veins 1—2 x forked. Sori 1/-4 on each side, subcostular, occupying the lower veins, densely mixed with us, fimbriate scales; indusium brown. IE sAAAsaLAGREREERERRALELELT ea caer & Seo 7 .) : vu: 29 3. ALSOPHILA, R. Brown. Sori globose, dorsal on a vein or veinlet or in the forking of a vein; receptacle avated, sais: pies ine “ee ee re eee hr nine he ee een: pees ceplacle—in- the. contre. Caudex arborescent. Fronds mostly large, divided; veins simple or forked, ee or very rarely joining towards the margin. Hk. Bk., Syn. Fil., tab. I, :. 6; Diels, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl.Pam., I‘, fig. 85. Tropical, and extra-tropical in the southern hemisphere. Phra sionple, if praneta., Has Pinnulae entire, erenate or lobed to */;-way down to the costa. (1) A. dubia. Panos pee ona JZ. .a. Pinnulae lobed or guonaia