New York State Cullege of Agriculture At Gornell University Sthaca, N.Y. Library ersity Lib f the iin ‘sity Li 1 210 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. htto:/Awww.archive.org/details/cu31924001210974 MANUAL OF THE BOTANY OF THE REGION OF SAN FRANCISCO Bay, BEING A Systematic Arrangement of the Higher Plants Growing Spontaneously in the Counties of Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Solano, Contra Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and San Francisco, in the State of California. BY EDWARD LEE GREENE, Professor of Botany in the University of California. [Issued 2 Feb., 1894.] SAN FRANCISCO: Cuspery & Company, Book AND JOB PRINTERS, 587 Mission STREET, 1894. Copyright, 1894. By Epwarp L. GREENE. CONTENTS. Preface Key to Natural Orders... 2... cece cee eeec cece cecseeeeueeeceecsees Vii Bxogenous Plants. 2.442 aun aways Saks gees Sewage OeeNy cass 1 Choripetale Hypogyne.........0 0... ce cee cece ee ce tees 1 Choripetales Perigyn®......0.... 6... eee cece eee eee neces 88 Sympetalw Perigyn®...... 0... .c cee eee eee tees 161 Sympetale Hypogyn®........ 0... cc cece ec cee tee ees 235 Apetale: Amentifers.<:..cc6caczeees 5 45 seach venteedensaceea Sas 296 Endogenous Plants............0. 0. ccc ce ee cee cece eee eee tees 805 Calycem Perigyn®.........666 nec c eee eee noes cent e teen eee 305 ANC OX: ycaid eevee y ec ede tusig dues espe aes tees eNaNies SE5k. Ree eON 322 GIOBSaTYsevivasieeen ah Weck uiee, wile axon es pe eeeSasnes Haka eisai Oe: PREFACE. This volume has been prepared with reference to the needs of those who, whether as studying in our high schools, academies and colleges, or as private students and amateurs, desire to make some beginnings in the systematic botany of middle western California. In order that the volume should be small, it was necessary that the scope of it should be limited. So exceedingly varied is the flora of even limited areas in our State, that not even all the flowering plants of the counties touching San Francisco Bay could be briefly but sufficiently classified and described within the limit of three hundred and fifty octavo pages. We have therefore been obliged to conclude this Flora for beginners at the end of the ninetieth of our natural orders of flowering plants. These ninety embrace, however, all in our district which the novice in plant determination would be likely to take up, and a number of genera and species much greater than the beginner may master in one season’s study, or in three. Thus no complaint will arise that the sedges and grasses, the pondweeds and the ferns have been omitted from this brief and more or less tentative treatise. The old practices of preparing a digest of the genera under the larger natural orders, and of italicizing some of the salient marks of species as described, have been continued here; though with misgiving as to their real usefulness in general; it being too well known, by all teachers of the subject, that the pupil will rely on the “key” and on the italicized words unduly, and to his own misleading also, in some instances, instead of attending to all the terms of the full diagnosis. Still, the digests and keys are real aids to many a serious beginner in the work of plant class- ification. In justice to the critical labor that has been bestowed on the plants of even this small area, by the author, it must be said that this Manual is one which the critical botanist will find indispensable, at least, until some worthier treatise shall take its place. On ground so new as this of the San Francisco Bay Region it still remains, and for years to come it will remain, that new convictions will be formed as to the limits of species and of genera; that every book or pamphlet of this kind the subject matter of which has been wrought out under the eye of a competent student, will present new specific and perhaps new generic propositions. This Manual will be found to contain not a few such. vi. PREFACE. Moreover: the present author, now longer engaged than any other American botanist in the very serious consideration of certain questions in botanical nomenclature, is more and more convinced that uniformity will never come but by closer conformity to the law of priority. He has therefore introduced into this volume not a few names of genera that are much older than those current in familiar books. There is therefore much that is new for the bibliographer and the nomenclator within these pages. This feature will not in the least affect the useful- ness of the Manual as a book for beginners; for to these it is as easy to call the California Horse-chestnut HrppocastanumM CALIFORNICUM as ZEsculus Californica. The inconvenience will be realized only by the experienced botanist, who is habituated to the use of other names. To these, however, the way isclear. No botanist will be obliged to adopt the nomenclature of the Manual of Bay-Region Botany. The author is convinced, however, that the day is coming, and ata fair rate of speed, when the employing generic names which Linnzus substituted for older ones of Micheli, Tournefort, Lobel or of Gesner, instead of such as have right of real priority, will no longer be thought of by those who name priority as a leading principle in plant nomenclature. ' As to the completeness of the volume as an authentic list of the higher plants growing spontaneously within the limits specified in the title, it may be said that we included all the species which, at the time of writing, were kuown to us as occurring within this range. But vast areas within these counties have never yet been explored at all botanically; and the actual number of plant forms belonging to this aggregate of counties must be considerably greater than what these pages show. We invite all students, and others who may use the book as a field companion in this district, to make record of all additions to this list, and kindly report them to the author, that future editions of the Manual may be rendered more complete. Epwarp L. GREENE. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, 24 January, 1894. ANALYTIC KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS. Suscrass I]. EXOGENS. Leaves netted-veined. Parts of the flower seldom in threes or sixes. Cotyledons two. Wood of woody species showing concentric circles. Divisron I. CHORIPETALA HYPOGYNZ. Petals when present distinct, at least at base. Stamens hypogynous. A. Slamens more than 10, and more than twice as many as the sepals or petals. Pistils distinct, simple, becoming achenes or follicles (in one a berry)........... RANUNCULACEE Pistils compound, 7. e., the cells, placentz or stigmas more than one. Petals outnumbering the sepals, Twice as many (4—6); sepals caducous...PAPAVERACE.E “ «4 « (8—16); sepals persist- ent........... ........Lewisia in PorTtuLaces# Sepals and petals concave, intergrading, persistent. Plants aquatic.... ... NYMPHEEEZ Sepals (or calyx-lobes) and petals 5 each; Calyx valvate in bud; stamens mona- delphous: cs scvsae vexcauied seve eens MaLvaces Calyx imbricate; stamens in indistinct bundles............ 0 ....... ....... HYPERICER Sepals very unequal; stamens neither united nor fascicled.........-..... CISTOIDEE Petals lacerate or palmatifid; ovary -open before maturity... ................ RESEDAOEE B. Stamens 10 or fewer, nut more than twice as many as the petals or sepals. x Pistils more than one, distinct. Sepals, petals and pistils equal in number; leaves fleshy.......... 0000 e008 0° CRASSULACER Pistils outuumbering petals or stamens ....... RANUNCULACEE PAGE 58 28 27 126 2 viii. KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS. * x Pistils 3—65, variously united. Pistils more or less united around a central axis; carpels becoming 1-seeded and distinct in maturity.......... GERANIACE® Central axis not apparent. Carpels partly partitioned, each 2-seeded, . the whole fruit capsular.......... LInEs Carpels simple, winged, 1-seeded. Samara 1, with 2 seeds ............... RuracE& Samaras 2, each I-seeded.............. SAPINDAOEE * x * Pistil one only; styles rarely 2 or 3. + Anthers opening by uplifted valves. Stamens 9, in 2 series; leaves aromatic.......... LavRINEx Stamens 6 or 9, in 1 series; not aromatic........ BERBERIDEX ++ Anthers opening by terminal pores. Stamens 10; stigma broad..................-6- ERICACEE +++ Anthers opening by lateral slits. Flowers papilionaceous; fruit a legume........ LEGUMINOSEE Flowers resembling the papilionaceous, but petals 3 only; pod 2-celled......... PoLyGaLED Flowers regular; calyx and corolla both present. Petals 5, unguiculate, the limb cucullate... RaamMNExX Petals, stamens and capsule-valves 4 or 5; seeds covered by a red aril .....CELASTRINEX Flowers 5-merous; fruit a single small OLUDC wana davies Seely ee aomees F 28s ANACARDIACEE: Petals 4 or 5; stamens 5—8; capsule 3- celled, by abortion 1-seeded, Hippocastanum in SAPINDACEE Petals 4 or’5, united at apex; calyx minute. .SarMENTOsEH Calyx tubular; petals long-clawed. Placents parietal.......... 0... 0.000006 FRANKENIACEE Placenta central....... 0... ..0. 02 ee ceee CaRYOPHYLLES Sepals and petals 4 each; stamens 6, tetradynamous........-.......0005 CRUCIFERE Petals 5, deciduous; sepals 2, persistent; capsule 3-valved, 1-celled...........PorTruvacEs Petals and sepals 4 or 5 each, the latter per- sistent; capsule 1-celled, 4-—10- valved or -toothed; placenta cen- Eas ces cavagvaie'ss Saies Baka Meee acess CaRYOPHYLLEE 70 231 83 81 74 74 73 x. KEY TO NATURAL -ORDERS.. * * Stamens 6 or 10 only. Corolla papilionaceous; fruit a legume. .......: LEGuMINosz Corolla regular or nearly so; Calyx tubular; petals on its throat ........ SaLIcARIZ Calyx campanulate; petals near the base. . .SaXIFRAGEX B. Ovary mainly inferior. * Stamens many, usually 20 or more. Woody plants; carpels 2—5; fruit a pome ..... PoMAcEz Succulent herbs; carpels several; fruit fleshy oricapsulars. 25244455 ete eg eee esse FIcoIpEzZ Herbs rough with short barbed hairs; ovary cylindric, wholly inferior.... ..... LoasEz Flowers apetalous, dicecious...........-... 0005 Datisces * * Stamens few and definite. Calyx-limb obvious; flowers mostly 4-merous; Fruit dry and capsular, or nut-like, or DACCALE. foie a oe. 5 Re Su ae ee EPILOBIACER Fruit fleshy and drupaceous............... CornEz Calyx-limb surpassing the tube; flowers 5-mer- ous; fruit baceate......... Ribes in SaxIFRAGEE Calyx-limb 3-lobed; stamens 6—12............. ARISTOLOCHIACEX Calyx-limb 5-toothed or obsolete; Stamens syngenecious........... Se ee CucURBITACEX Stamens distinct; Ovary more than 2-celled; fruit Fineoute ARALIACER Ovary 2-celled; fruit a pair of ribbed or winged or striate carpels........ UMBELLIFERE Apetalous aquatics; fruits nutlets.. ...HanoRacE& Division III. SYMPETALA PERIGYN/A. 83 140 119 110 128 141 28 129 159 123 142 143 145 145 138 Sepals united below into a tube adherent to the ovary. United corolla, with adherent stamens, inserted on the calyx near its summit.- * Stamens 1—10, distinct. Parasites with jointed stems, no petals, and a berry-like fruit ... ......... .. LORANTHEE Leafy terrestrial plants, with opposite or whorled leaves, and small calyx- limb; Flowers 5-merous; fruit berry-like......... CAPRIFOLIACEE 161 162 KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS. Xi. Flower 2-merous; fruit mostly didymous, dry or drupaceous.......... 02.2000. RvuBIACEE 165 Corolla irregular; stamens 1—3; fruit an ACHENO i. 2.3 ener een ee ee caste Gules VALERIANEX 167 Flowers in dense heads; stamens 5; fruit am aChene ....... cee cee eee nee Drpsacrx 167 Shrubs with alternate leaves; anthers open- ING, DY POT OS ease clenens aida edarlanstenes ERICACER 231 Herbs with milky juice, campanulate or nar- rower regular corolla, and many- seeded capsules... cic. ce. e ee eee CAaMPANULACER 229 * x Stamens 8—5, united by their anthers. Corolla bilabiate; fruit ‘capsular, many- seeded ..... Bied emake vin ssw Loseniace 228 Corolla ligulate; fruit an achene; plants yith milky juice and 12-sided pollen... .CicHoRIACEH 219 Corollas ligulate or tubular; fruit an achene; plants with watery or gummy juice and spheroidal echinate pollen ....Composita 168 Flowers unisexual; fruit fleshy, several-seeded; plants trailing or climbing by MOWAT Soe cosiestccenesicaicieret ie 4s oP ee CucURBITACER 148 Diviston IV. SYMPETALA] HYPOGYNA. Corolla sympetalous, at least at base, the stamens attached to its tube or base, the whole inserted around the base of the (superior) ovary. A. Leaves opposite or whorled; corolla regular. * Fruit indehiscent. Trees with opposite leaves: fruit a samara...... OLEACEE 239 Herbs with unilateral spikes or racemes; fruit 4 nutlets............. Allocarya in ASPERIFOLIEZ 258 x * Herbs with milky juice and follicular pods. Corolla not hooded within; anthers and stigma approximate.............-+ APOOYNACER 240 Corolla adorned within by a whorl of hood- like appendages; anthers and stigma united............. 0.5.00 ASOLEPIADACER 241 _* &* Fruit capsular. Stamens opposite the corolla-lobes; placenta Contral:s icaesescia eens Anagallis in PrimuLacEZ® 238 xii. KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS. Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes; Ovary 1-celled, placente-parietal........... GENTIANACEE Ovary 8-celled, placentse axial.............. PoLEMONIACEE Ovary l-celled, placente sac-like lining the wall of the ovary......-....... HyDROPHYLLACEE B. Leaves alternate; corollas regular. * Stamens opposite the corolla-lobes; ovary 1-celled. Styles 5; fruit utricular, I-seeded........ aca pees PLUMBAGINACES Style 1; fruit capsular, o-seeded ............. PRIMULACEE * * Stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes. Stamens nearly free from the corolla; anthers opening by pores................. HRICACER Stamens on the tube of the corolla; Flowers spicate; corolla 4-lobed, scarious..PLANTAGINACEE Fruit of 1—4 seed-like nutlets............. ASPERIFOLIZE Fruit of 2 utricular carpels. ..Dichondra in ConvoLVULACEZ Fruit a berry; anthers opening by pores Solanum in SonanacexZ Fruit capsular; sepals 5; Inflorescence unilateral, scorpioid..... HYDROPHYLLACEE Leafless yellow-stemmed parasites..... CuscurTEx Flowers large, axillary; seeds few, large ConVOLVULACER Flowers small; seeds many, small; placents central ................. ScROPHULARINEE Fruit capsular; calyx 5-toothed or -lobed; stigmas, capsule-cells and -valves 3..... POLEMONIACER Pistil 2-merous; seeds many, small.....SoLanacEx C. Corollas more or less distinetly bilabiate. * Ovary not lobed; fruits capsular. Plants green and leafy; placents axial........ ScROPHULARINE® Plants parasitic, not green; placente parietal..OROBANCHACER * * Ovary 4-lobed, the lobes maturing as nutlets. Herbage aromatic; leaves mostly opposite; and flowers densely cymose-congested at the nodes, or few, or solitary; nutlets with basal insertion..................00. LaBiate Not aromatic; flowers simply spicate or capi- tate; nutlets with lateral insertion....... VERBENACEE 242, 244 251 235 237 331 235 257 265 267 251 266 264 269 244 267 269 284 285 295 KEY TO NATURAL ORDERS. xiii. Drviston V. APETALA, AMENTIFERAL. Flowers mostly apetalous and unisexual; the staminate usually in aments or catkins, as are also sometimes the pistillate. x Herbaceous planis; small green flowers in ament-like racemes. Stems square; herbage stinging-bristly........ URTICACER 296 «x * Woody plants, mostly trees or large shrubs. Moneecious; flowers and fruits in globose heads... PLaTANACER 297 Moneecious; fiowers of both sexes in aments. Staminate aments long, pendulous; pistil- late ovoid, erect... ..., ... BETULACER 297 Aments all short, erect; finit a agihernidst NU Clots. ecg lsec ekees sees Myricacex 298 Moneecious; pistillate flowers not in aments. Fruit drupaceous; nut rugose. 1... ... SUGLANDER 301 Fruit nut-like, inserted in, or : anelased within an involucre. Involucre scaly or prickly............. CUPULIFER 301 Involucre coriaceous-leafy.............. CORYLACEE 804 Dicecious; flowers of both kinds in stanley or catkins. Flowers in a long pendulous opposite-bracted AMONUS) 92, cisnacs Gata os duitecwdactshe does GaRRYACEE 160 Aments alternate-bracted; fruit capsular; seeds COMOSe............ 0.000008 SaLIcacEx 299 Suzozass II. ENDOGENS. Leaves parallel-veined; flowers 3-merous; cotyledon 1 only. Ovary inferior, twisted....................5-. ORCHIDACER 305 Ovary inferior, not twisted........ .......LRIDACER 307 Ovary superior; fruit a 3-celled eagaule rs or a berry.. Dit Pewee tose ees oon DIRTACER 308 MANUAL OF THE BAY=REGION BOTANY. SERIES I. PHANEROGAMOUS or FLOWERING PLANTS. Vegetables having stamens and pistils, and producing seeds, of which the most essential part is a distinct embryo. Cuass I. ANGIOSPERM A. Seeds enclosed within a pericarp. Cotyledons two or one. Suzcrass I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS. Embryo with two cotyledons. Leaves netted-veined. Flowers having their parts usually in fives, fours or twos. Division I. CHORIPETALA HYPOGYNA. Corolla (often wanting) of petals which are distinct, at least at base. ‘Stamens hypogynous. 2 RANUNCULACER. Orver I. RANUNCULACEA. Herbs (Clematis shrubby) with colorless juice. Leaves alternate (opposite in Clematis; the cauline whorled in Anemone), usually lobed or ternately divided. Sepals 3—6, deciduous. Stamens «, hypogynous; anthers adnate, opening lengthwise, by slits. Pistils usually 0, distinct and simple, becoming achenes or follicles (in Actwa 1, becoming a berry). Petals wanting; Sepals 4; achenes plumose-tailed,............000- eee e220. « CLEMATIS 1 ‘* 5 or more: achenes without tails,............-.-.--.55: ANEMONE 2 ‘« green; flowers unisexual: achenes ribbed,............. THALICTRUM 7 Flowers complete; Pistil 1s frait: berry key ccsscicnseait ccs s6es, alaiaaenitaendaducs ACTMA 8 Stamens few; achenes in a slender spike............-.66-2---- Myosurus 3 #e many; achenes in heads........ ...--+0-.se ee eeee ee ee RaANUNCULUS 4 Flowers irregular, one sepal spur-like................. vanes DELPHINIUM 5 es regular, all 5 petals spur-like..................-...-. AQUILEGIA 6 1. CLEMATIS, Diosc. UHalf-woody, climbing by tortuous petioles of compound opposite leaves, in the axils of which are solitary or clustered flowers (ours white). Sepals 4, petaloid, valvate in bud. Pistils 0; styles persistent, becoming feathery appendages of the large compressed and capitate-clustered achenes. 1. C. lasiantha, Nutt. Silky-pubescent; leaflets 3, ovate, coarsely toothed or 3-lobed or -parted: fl. large, only one on each bibracteate peduncle; sepals 34 in. long.—Trailing over rocks and shrubs among the hills. April. 2. (. ligusticifolia, Nutt. Glabrous or nearly so, or the leaves silky- tomentose beneath: leaflets broadly ovate to lanceolate, usually 3-lobed: fl. panicled in the axils; sepals 144 in. long.—Often climbing 30 ft. upon small trees, in Alameda and Marin Counties. July. 2. ANEMONE, Diosc. Perennial herbs with radical leaves lobed or divided, and a cauline involucral whorl of 3. Flowers on erect pedun- cles. Sepals 5 or more, petaloid, imbricate. Achenes merely pointed. 1. A. Grayi, Behr. & Kell. Very slender, 6—14 in. high, froma horizontal rootstock: radical leaf remote from the stem, trifid, the seg- ments serrate; the involucral not far below the flower, petiolate, 3-foliolate; leaflets all coarsely serrate, the lateral ones 2-lobed: sepals 5 or 6, oval, usually bluish outside: achenes 12—20, oblong, 2 lines long, pubescent, the fruiting pedicel coiled into a ring-—Coast Range, in moist shades. March—May. 3. MYOSURUS, Lobel, (Movussrart). Small stemless glabrous annual, with narrow entire leaves, and slender 1-flowered scapes. Sepals RANUNCULACES. 7) 5, spurred at base. Petals 5; blade oblong, with a pit or gland at base; claw filiform. Stam. 5—15. Pistils 0, crowded on a long slender receptacle, becoming thin-walled achenes. j 1. M. minimus, L.—About San Francisco, and in the hills east of the Bay, commonly in very much reduced states; the spikes often less than an inch long, and very slender. March—May. 2. M. alopecuroides, Greene. Stouter and low: achenes with prom- inent spreading beak, in short thick spike.—Low plains near Antioch. 4. RANUNCULUS, Pliny (Borrercup). Flowers solitary or scattered, regular, yellow or white. Sepals 5, commonly reflexed. Petals 5 or 10, with nectariferous scale or pit near the base within. The many pistils becoming beaked achenes disposed in rounded heads. * Leaves undivided; achenes not strongly flattened. 1. R. Flammula, L. var. intermedius, Hook. Stems slender, even to the filiform, rooting at the lower joints: leaves lanceolate, entire: fi. 2—5 lines broad: achenes few, with a very stout straight but short beak.— Small herb, found along the margins of lakes and pools. 2. KR. pusillus, Poir.? Annual, slender, 2—10 in. high, glabrous except the villous-ciliate sheathing stipules: leaves round-ovate to lanceolate and linear, the radical ones coarsely toothed, 14-~-1¢ in. long: stem simple and scapiform or with a few branches: fl. minute; sepals subscarious, not reflexed; achenes many in a small globose head, delicalely tuberculate, neither margined nor beaked.—Moist places in Marin, Sonoma and Napa Counties. * * Leaves ternately lobed, cleft or divided; fi. yellow; achenes flatlened 3. R. Reprens, L. Pubescent; stems rooting at the lower joints: leaves ternately parted, often subdivided: sepals spreading: petals 5; achenes 1! lines long, rather sharply margined, the beak nearly straight; 114 lines long.—F requent in lawns; scarcely naturalized. 4. R. maximus, Greene. Pilose or hirsute, the stout stems 2—5 ft. long, reclining but not rooting: leaves broad, ternate; leaflets laciniately lobed: petals 5—8, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 7—10 lines long: head of achenes roundish or broadly ovoid; beak long, straight or slightly incurved.— In swampy places; notcommon. April—June. 5. R.Bloomeri, Wats. A foot or two in height, stout, usually glabrous, sometimes pilose: radical leaves sometimes undivided and round-cordate with coarse teeth or lobes; the later ones 3—9-foliate, the leaflets with somewhat rounded teeth: petals 5, retuse, 34 in. long: achenes long- beaked, forming asubglobose head.—_Common in wet ground. Feb.-May. 4, RANUNCULACESR. 6. R. Californicus, Benth. Erect or decumbent, 1—2'4 ft. high, freely branching and many-flowered: petals 10—15, obovate-oblong, 4—5 lines long: achenes much flattened, 11g lines long, the beak short, recurved; head dense, globose. Var. letus, Greene. Strictly erect, stoutish and fistulous, hirsute, glaucescent below; herbage light green; leaflets much dissected. Var. canescens, Greene. Low and stout, the basal parts canescently long-villous: leaves less dissected: fl. large (fully 1 in. broad). Var. cuneatus, Greene. Slender, decumbent, the growing parts silky-pubescent: leaves cleft into 3 cuneate lobes or segments, these incisely toothed: fl. small: achenes very many, in a dense round-ovoid head.—Type abundant on open hills. Var. lxtus, in lowlands not far from salt marshes. Var. canescens, in the Oakland Hills southward, towards Livermore. Var. cuneatus, on the San Fran. cisco peninsula southward. Feb.—June. 7. R. occidentalis, Nutt., var. Eiseni, Gray. Distinguished from the last by more slender habit, broad leaf-segments, small petals, always 5, and broader thinner achenes. Var. Rattani, Gray. Achenes smaller, hairy and papillose.—Higher hill country both north and south of the Bay, on dry open or sparsely wooded slopes. April, May. 8. R. canus, Benth. Stout and tall, with the habit of R. Californicus : but herbage more or less silky-canescent; leaves cut into narrow acute segments; petals 5 only, round-obovate.—Hills near Antioch. April, May. 9. KR. hebecarpus, Hook. & Arn. Slender, erect, leafy, 5—15 in. high, pilose-pubescent: radical leaves rounded or reniform, deeply lobed or cleft, the segments 3-lobed: fl. minute, on filiform pedicels: achenes few: rounded, flattened, papillose and short-hairy, the beak very short, recurved.—Moist shades among the lower hills; not common. April, May: 10. R. muricatus, L. Stout and fistulous, yellow-green, glabrous: leaves round-reniform, slightly lobed: fl. small: achenes very large, with stout ensiform beak and coarsely muricate-prickly sides—Rather common in wet soils, especially on the outskirts of San Francisco; naturalized from Europe; flowering throughout the year. * x * Aquatics; leaves mostly capillaceous-multifid and submersed; petals white, with naked nectariferous pit; achenes little flattened, transversely rugose. 11. R. aquatilis, Dodoens. Perennial, the emersed and floating leaves, when present, roundish, 3-lobed: styles subulate; achenes slightly rugose, usually hispidulous, 12—20 in a compact globose head.—Common in ponds; sometimes terrestrial on muddy shores. May-—Dec. 12. R. Lobbii, Gray. Annual; floating leaves always present, deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe usually elliptical andtentire, the laterals larger, RANUNCULACES. 5 oblong, obcordate at summit: style filiform: achenes few (4—6), rather sharply rugose.—Common as the last, but of short duration. April, May. 5. DELPHINIUM, Diosc., (Larkspur). Erect herbs. Leaves pal- mately cleft or divided. Flowers irregular, in terminal racemes. Sepals 5, colored and petaloid, the upper one produced backward into a long hollow spur, the others plane. Petals 2—4, two of them developed back- wards and intruded into the spurred sepal. Pistils mostly 3, becoming a -seeded follicles. x Flowers blue, varying to pink or flesh color (never scarlet). + Root a cluster thickish half-woody fibres. 1. D. Californicum, Hook. & Arn. Stout, strict, 3—5 ft. high, pubes- cent:. leaves ample, deeply 5-cleft, the segments variously lobed: raceme ' dense, 1—114 ft. long: fl. smallish, dull greenish or whitish or with a purplish tinge, scarcely expanded, externally rather densely velvety-pubes- cent: follicles oblong, turgid, erect.—Plentiful on Mt. Diablo; also near Belmont; otherwise not common. April—June. 2. D. hesperium, Gray. Stoutish, 11g—2 ft. high: canescent with a short and close pubescence: leaves much dissected, the lobes linear obtuse: raceme dense, elongated: fl. well expanded, deep blue (occasion- ally pink); spur stout, straight, about as long as the sepals: follicles erect, pubescent.—Common on dry slopes; late in flowering. June, July. 3. D. variegatum, Torr. & Gray, var. apiculatum, Greene. A foot high or more, coarsely and retrorsely pubescent: leaves few, 3-parted or -cleft into broad linear lobes: raceme short, dense, cylindrical: fl. large, dark blue: follicles pubescent.— Plains near Suisun and Antioch. March—May. + + Rovols more fleshy, often grumose or tuberiform. 4, D. Menziesii, DC. Root a cluster of short roundish or com- pressed connected tubers: stem 1 ft. high or less, leafy below, but leaves few, long-petioled, palmately parted, pubescent or nearly glabrous: raceme loose; jl. few and large, on long ascending pedicels; spur short, stout, straight: follicles divergent.—Hills toward the. sea, from San Mateo Co. northward. April—July. 5. D. decorum, Fisch. & Mey. Root-cluster short, grumose, the tuberiform branches producing many long fibres: stem solitary, slender, simple, seldom 1 ft. high: herbage pale green, pubescent or glabrate: leaves parted into 3—5 widely sundered segments, these broad cuneiform, 3-lobed in the radical ones, entire in the cauline: fl. rather small, in an open raceme, deep blue except the uppermost petals, these white: spur 6 RANUNCULACES. \ straight: follicles glabrous, widely divergent.—Borders of thickets, and in open stony ground near hilltops. April. * * Scarlet-flowered species; roots not fleshy. 6. D. nudicaule, Torr. & Gray. Leafy at base of stem only, 1—2 ft. high: raceme very lax, somewhat pyramidal: calyx 1 in. long or more, bright scarlet, not widely expanding, the spur straight: petals yellow: follicles glabrous, divergent at summit, often narrowed below to a short stipe.—Rocky slopes and summits of the higher hills. April, May. 6. AQUILEGIA, Tragus (CouumsBrnE). Perennials. Leaves mostly radical and twice terrate; leaflets thin, their lobes rounded. Flowers large, nodding, solitary at the ends of the branches. Sepals 5, plane, colored. Petals 5, tubular, projecting behind the sepals. Pistils 5, becoming follicles. ‘ 1. A. truncata, Fisch. & Mey. Usually glabrous, 1—3 ft. high: fl. 11g—2 in. broad, scarlet tinged with yellow: sepals widely spreading or reflexed: petals with very short truncate limb.—Borders of moist shady thickets; common. April—June. 7. THALICTRUM, Diosc. (Mzapow Rug). Dicecious tall perennials with fibrous roots, hollow stems, bi- or triternately compound leaves and many panicled greenish apetalous flowers. Sepals 4—-7, small, deciduous. Stamens oo, with linear anthers on capillary filaments. Pistils several, becoming ribbed or veined achenes tipped with the persistent style. 1. T. polycarpum, Wats. Stout, 3—4 ft. high, glabrous, not glaucous, aromatic-scented: leaflets with acute or acuminate lobes: sepals lan- ceolate, not scarious: achenes very many in the head, broadly obovoid, short-stipitate, compressed, turgid, the sides marked with low more or ‘less anostomosing veins.—Open places near streams, in the first Coast Range. May, June. 2. T. hesperium, Greene. Glabrous, except the growing parts, and lower face of leaves, which have a sparse glandular pubescence; herbage ill-scented (not aromatic): lobes of leaflets rounded: sepals 5, not scarious: achenes fewer, obliquely oval or semi-obovate, substipitate, the ribs or veins mostly distinct and parallel—Oakland Hills and inner Coast Range generally. 8. ACTHA, Linn. Perennial. Leaves few, ample, ternate and fern- like. Flowers small, white, in a single terminal short raceme. Sepals about 4, caducous. Petals 1 or more. Stamens o. Pistil 1. Berry- like pericarp with a false suture running down one side; seeds flattened and semiorbicular, packed in two vertical rows. 1. A. arguta, Nutt. Stem 2—3 ft. high; leaves 1 or more, with acute coarsely and incisely serrate leaflets: raceme 1—2 in. long, oblong, often BERBERIDES. t with one or more short branches at base: sepals obovate, concave: petal with rhombic-ovate acute limb and almost filiform claw: stamens 25—30; filaments filiform or slightly thickened under the roundish anthers: berries obliquely oval, as large as peas, the polished and shining surface cherry-red, or occasionally snow-white. — Wooded northward slopes under hazel bushes, etc. Feb.—April. Orpen I. BERBERIDEA. Shrubs or herbs with alternate or radical usually compound leaves. Sepals and Petals 3 or 6 each. Stamens 6 or 9, hbypogynous; anthers opening by valves hinged at top. Pistil 1. Fruita berry or a 1-celled capsule. ; 1. BERBERIS, Brunfels (OREGON GrapPr. Barperry). Ours low evergreen shrubs, with unequally pinnate coriaceous prickly leaves, and yellow inner bark and wood. Flowers yellow, in clustered terminal and axillary racemes. Sepals 6, subtended by 3 or more bractlets. Petals 6, - opposite the sepals. Stamens 6. Berries (in ours) dark blue and glaucous. 1. B. nervosa, Pursh. Simple, the stem 1 ft. high or less, at summit bearing a crown of very large leaves, and many dry persistent chaffy bracts: leaves 1—2 ft. long; leaflets 11—17, ovate, acuminate, somewhat palmately nerved: racemes elongated: berries ovoid.—In deep woods near the coast. 2. B. pinnata, Lag. Branching 1—6 ft. high: leaflets 7—9 very prickly, the lowest pair near the base of the petiole: racemes profuse, clustered in the axils of all the leaves, as well as terminal: fr. ovoid.— Rocky hills; common. April, May. 2. VANCOUVERIA, Morr. & Desne. Perennial. Leaves all radical, 2—3-ternate. Scapes racemose or paniculate; the flowers small, nodding. Sepals 6, obovate, reflexed, subtended by 6—-9 small bracts. Petals 6, deflexed, but with cucullate-incurved tips. Stamens 6, erect, closely appressed to the pistil. Carpel1; ovules 10 or fewer, in two rows along the suture. Capsule dehiscent by a dorsal valve. 1. Y. parviflora, Greene. More or less villous with brownish hairs, 1 ft. high or more: leaves dark green, coriaceous, enduring through the year; leaflets 1 in. broad, petiolulate, subcordate, obtusely 3-lobed, emarginate: fl. small, 25—50 in a panicle, white, or with a lavender tinge: ovary glabrous.—Wooded hills at considerable elevations, both back of Oakland and in Marin Co. April, May. 8 LAURINER. Orver II. LAURINEA. Represented by a single and monotypical genus. 1. UMBELLULARIA, Nutt. (Cautrornia Lauren). An evergreen tree, with alternate coriaceous entire aromatic foliage, and perfect flowers in peduncled terminal and axillary small capitate umbels; these in bud covered by an involucre of about 4 broad caducous bracts. Perianth with no tube; segments 6, the 3 outer enfolding the others, all deciduous. Stamens 9; the outer series (6) spreading, the inner (3) erect and near the pistil; a circle of 6 stout stipitate glands intervening between the 2 series; anthers 4-celled, of valvate dehiscence, those the outer series introrse, of the inner extrorse. Fruit drupaceous. lL U. Californica, (Arnott), Nutt. Tree 10—75 ft. high, the growing twigs and inflorescence minutely puberulent: leaves oblong-lanceolate, ' 9.4. in. long, short-petioled, bright green: peduncles 14—1 in. long; pedicels of the 5—10 greenish yellow flowers 1—5 lines: drupe dark purple, ovoid or subglobose, 1 in. long, the pulp and putamen thin. Common along streams and on northward slopes of hills. Jan.—May. Orpen IV. NYMPHAEA. Water-Lily Family; represented by one species. 1. NYMPHAEA, Theophr. (YEutow Ponp-Lity). Aquatic: rootstock stout, creeping at the bottom of ponds and streams. Leaves large, leathery, cordate, entire, either floating or raised above the water. Sepals 6--12, imbricated, rounded and concave, yellow or reddish. Petals and stamens o, short, hypogynous; filaments short, anthers truncate, extrorse. Ovary, oblong or ovate 12—20-celled; the sessile broad flat stigma with as many radiating strie. Seeds without aril. 1. N. polysepala(Engelm.), Greene. Sepals 9—12, all but the greenish and small outer ones of a rich brownish red: rays of stigma 15—21, the margin somewhat crenate.—Not rare in Marin Co.; also in some lakes or ponds in the outskirts of San Francisco. Ornver V. PAPAVERACEA. Herbs (Dendromecon shrubby) with a colored or milky narcotic juice, commonly glaucous foliage, and mostly solitary showy 4-merous or 6- merous flowers. Sepals 1, 2 or 3, caducous. Petals 4-6, crumpled in the bud. Stamens 6—o, usually hypogynous; anthers innate. Pistil com- pound and the ovary becoming a capsule, or the carpels nearly distinct, maturing as almost follicular pods. Seeds ©; albumen fieshy or oily; embryo minute, straight. PAPAVERACESR. 9. 1. PAPAVER, Pliny (Poppy). Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary with 4 or more intruded placent# which partially divide the interior of the obovoid or subglobose capsule, this opening by short roundish or triangular apertures near the summit between the parietal ribs: stigma 4—8-lobed, sessile and the lobes radiating over the summit of the ovary and capsule, or raised on a short style and the lobes capitate-recurved. Seeds, small, scrobiculate or reticulate. 1. P. Californicum, Gray. Sparsely pilose-pubescent, 1—21, ft. high leafy below; leaves pinnately parted or divided into acutish toothed or 3-lobed: or entire segments: peduncles elongated; corolla 2 in. broad; petals brick-red, with a green spot at the base bordered with rose-red: capsule 1g in. long or more, clavate-turbinate, 6—11-nerved; stigmas sessile and radiating, forming a flat cap to the pod; the short valvular openings somewhat quadrate: seeds coarsely and faintly reticulate. Marin Co. 2. P.Lemmoni, Greene. Near the preceding, but larger, 1—3 ft. high: corolla 1—3 in. broad, apparently of a deeper red, the base of the petals green: capsule broader and merely obovate; stigmas 7—10, their lower half sessile and radiant upon the pod, the upper half coherent and forming a conical apiculation.—Marin Co, and southward. 3. P. heterophyllum (Benth.), Greene. Aspect and size of the two preceding, but the segments of the pinnately divided leaves singularly variable upon the same leaf, some linear, others in close juxtaposition oval; stigmas capitate, raised on a slender style: red flowers large, nodding, the stamens declined.—On wooded slopes. 4. P. erassifolium (Benth.). Smaller than the preceding, much more branching and floriferous, the foliage smaller and more fleshy: fl. small, erect, the stamens not declined.—In dry fields of the interior; never with P. heterophyllum or even near it. 2. PLATYSTEMON, Benth. Annual glaucescent glabrous or hirsute herbs with entire leaves; the cauline opposite or verticillate. Flowers rather small, white or cream-colored, on slender peduncles. Sepals 3, caducous. Petals 6. Stamens 6—o; filaments filiform or flattened; anthers oblong to linear. Carpels 3—o, in maturity variously more or less united, or quite distinct. Seeds smooth and shining. *Carpels 6—25, torulose, jointed between the seeds. 1. P. Californicus, Benth. Branching from the base 6—-12 in. high, sparingly hirsute: lowest leaves alternate; cauline opposite, all linear, entire, 2—4 in. long, sessile or clasping, obtuse: flower-buds ovoid; sepals hirsute: petals 14 in. long or more, pale yellow with a deep greenish- yellow spot at base, sometimes reddish tinged on the outside; stamens © ; 10 PAPAVERACESR. filaments flattened and ligulate, carpels breaking transversely into 1-seeded indehiscent joints.—Throughout the western parts of the State. April—June. * * Carpels 3 only, partly united and forming a 3-lobed I-celled ovoid capsule open at top. 2. BP. linearis (Benth.), Curran. Acaulescent, 3—12 in. high, sparsely hirsute: leaves narrowly linear, 1—3 in. long, acutish: peduncle; scapi- form, very slender: fl. 44—1 in broad: petals as in the last: stamens ©; filaments filiform or flattened: capsule ovate-triquetrous, 14 in. fong or more.--Gravelly hills. March—May. «x » * Carpels 3 only, united, forming a slender elongated and twisted 1-celled capsule; stamens few and definite; stigmas linear. 3. P. Torreyi, Greene. Erect, slender, dichotomous from the base, 3—8 in. high, glabrous: lowest leaves ovate-spatulate or oblanceolate; upper linear, acute, entire, 144—1 in. long: fl. 44—1 in. broad, white: stamens (usually 12) in two circles; filaments dilated upwards, those of the outer circle conspicuously shorter than those of the inner: capsule linear, %—114 in. long. Feb.—May. 38. DENDROMECON, Benth. Shrubs with alternate coriaceous entire leaves, and solitary rather large yellow flowers. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens o ; filaments filiform, short; anthers linear. Ovary linear; style short; stigmas 2, short and erect. Capsule linear, many-nerved, 1-celled, 2-valved, the valves dehiscent somewhat elastically from base to apex. 1. D. rigidum, Benth. Shrub 2—8 ft. high, with many rigid ascend- ing branches and slender branchlets; bark whitish: leaves ovate- to linear- lanceolate, 1—3 in. long, very acute or mucronate, vertical, the very short petiole being twisted, the margin scabrous-denticulate: fl. 1—3 in. broad, the petals nearly rotate-spreading; capsules slightly arcuate, 1144—21¢ in. long.—In clayey or gravelly soil on higher hills. March—June. 4. ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Chamisso. Nearly or quite glabrous glau- cous flaccid herbs, with colorless bitter juice (that of the roots reddish) and ternately dissected leaves. Flowers solitary, yellow or orange-colored. Calyx an oblong or conical mitre-like organ deciduous from the more or less funnelform-dilated torus which bears the 4 petals. Stamens mostly x ; filaments very short, attached to the base of the petals; anthers linear or oblong, usually longer than the filaments. Ovary linear; style very short; stigmas 2 or more, subulate-filiform. Capsule 10-nerved, 1-celled, a -seeded, 2-valved, the valves elastically dehiscent from base to apex, forcibly ejecting the seeds; these spherical, reticulate or muricate. PAPAVERACESR. 11 * Torus broadly rimmed; cotyledons bifid. + Perennials. 1. E. Californica, Cham. Glabrous, glaucescent, the stems decum- bent or at length procumbent, 1—2 ft. long, regularly dichotomous below, above bearing a flower opposite each leaf: leaves ternately dissected, the ultimate segments linear, obtuse: calyx oblong or ovoid, abruptly short-pointed;.torus-rim broad: petals about 34 in. long, light yellow with an orange spot at base: pods small for the size of the plant (2 in. long): seeds conspicuously reticulate.—Only along the seaboard in sandy soil. 2. E. Douglasii (H. & A.), Walp. Size of the last but less depressed, not obviously dichotomous: calyx ovate-acuminate: outer rim of torus narrow, not exceeding the erect inner one, in age deflexed: petals 1 in. long or more, yellow, shading into orange at base.—Plains of Solano and Contra Costa counties. 3. E. erocea, Benth. Stouter, erect or decumbent, the herbage of a deeper green and scarcely glaucescent: calyx very large, often 1 in. long or more, long-conical: outer rim of torus very broad, more or less undu- late: petals, 1144—2 in. long, deep orange.—The most common species in our district, and very showy. + + Annuals. 4. E. compacta, (Lindl.), Walp. Annual erect, 1—2 ft. high, glabrous, light green, more or less glaucescent: leaves finely dissected, the ulti- mate segments linear cuneiform, 3-toothed or cleft at the broad apex: calyx very thin and partly diaphanous, slender-conical; outer torus-rim broad, thin: petals 34—1!4 in. long, light yellow, shading into orange below the middle.—Dry plains of Contra Costa Co., and southward, but not in the typical form. 5. E. ambigua, Greene. Slender, branching from the base, decum- bent, glaucous and scabrous puberulent throughout, 1 ft. high or less: leaves small, ternately dissected, the ultimate segments short, approxi- mate in threes: calyx ovate acuminate, about 4 lines long or 5: torus small, but with ample rim: petals deep yellow, 1 in. long or less.—Near the summit of Mt. Diablo (not typical) and southward. * * Torus without rim; cotyledons entire; annuals. 6. E. hypecoides, Benth. Scabrous or even hirsute-pubescent below, 12 FUMARIACER. glabrous above, glaucescent: branches many from the annual root, decumbent at base, 1 ft. high or less, slender, sparingly leafy: leaves small, segments rather few, linear-cuneiform: calyx oblong-conical, 44 in. long, abruptly slender-pointed: torus short-tubular, 1144 lines deep; outer margin a mere herbaceous ring, the inner erect, hyaline: petals 1 in. long: seeds with a faint irregular reticulation.—Vaca Mts. to Tamalpais. 7. E. rhombipetala, Greene. Glaucous and tuberculate-scabrous throughout; stemless or the stems stout, depressed, very leafy, the stouf 4-angled peduncles little exceeding the subradical leaves: torus sub- cylindrical, with 2 minute approximate scarious margins peials 1g in. long, rhombic-ovale, fugacious: capsules very large for the plant (8—4 in. long): seeds large, very distinctly and regularly favose-reticulate.— In grain fields along the eastern foothills of the Mt. Diablo Range. Orper VL FUMARIACEA. Glabrous often glaucous herbs, with watery juice, alternate pinnately or ternately divided or dissected leaves without stipules, and racemose flowers. Sepals 2, small, deciduous. Petals 4, in 2 dissimilar pairs; one or both of the outer ones saccate at base; inner pair cohering by the callous apex and enclosing the anthers and stigma. Stamens 6, hypogynous; filaments in 2 parcels placed opposite the outer petals, usually diadelphous; anther of the middle stamen in each parcel 2-celled, those of the lateral 1-celled. Fruit a several-seeded siliquose 2-valved, 1-celled capsule, or indehiscent. 1. CAPNORCHIS, Boerhaave. Perennials, with tuberiferious or granular or scaly subterranean stem or crown, fibrous rootlets, ternately or pinnately compound leaves, and racemose or paniculate flowers. Corolla flattened and cordate; the two outer petals larger, saccate or spurred at base. 1. C. formosa (Andr.), O. Ktze. Rootstock rather large, creeping, nearly naked: leaves and scapes 2 ft. high, the former twice or thrice pinnately compound, the final divisions incisely pinnatifid: fl. compound- racemose at summit of the naked scape: corolla rose-purple, ovate-cordate, with short spreading tips tothe larger petals—Common in the woods of Marin Co. April—June. 2. C. ehrysantha (H. & A.), Planch. Very glaucous: leaves bipin- nate, the larger a foot long, the divisions cleft into few and narrow lobes: stem leafy, 2—5 ft. high, ending in a large racemose panicle of yellow flowers: corolla linear-oblong, only slightly cordate.—Santa Cruz Mts. and Mt. Diablo. May—July. CRUCIFERS. 13 Orver VII. CRUCIFERA. Herbaceous or rarely suffruitescent plants with watery pungent juice, alternate exstipulate leaves, and usually racemose white or yellow or sometimes purple flowers. Sepals 4, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 4, often unguiculate, the lamin spreading in the form of a cross (unequal, and differently arranged in many of our Streptanihi), hypogynous, deciduous. Stamens almost always tetradynamous, i. e., 4 long, 2 short (except in some Strepiauthi, where they are in 3 unequal pairs, and in Athysanus and Heterodraba, which have them all of equal length); in some species reduced to 4 and even 2, hypogynous. Fruit usually a silique or silicle of 2 valves which separate from a central partition formed by the united placents. Seeds attached to the outer edge of the partition all around, usually forming a single row under the valves. * Pods indehiscent. Pods 1-seeded, not wing-margined............ceecee cese eee eves +s ATHYSANUS 3 i oo wing-margined........ 2... ..2. eee eee -THYSANOCARPUS 17 3 short and rounded... ... HETERODRABA 2 several-seeded, flattened j linearelongated.... 1... ....-..s TRoPIDOCARPUM 21 a * “terete and pointed............ cece eee eee RHAPHANUS 19 e . 2 dissimilar 1-seeded joints.. CAKILE 20 ‘ breaking transversely into { several 1-seeded joints....... RHAPHANUS 19 “ formed of 2 opposite 1-seeded nutlets............... eee eee Coronoprvs. 18 * * Pods dehiscent from below. Pods obovoid, scarcely compressed ............. 60. ceee eee e cere ee CAMELINA 4 ‘“* orbicalar, flattened parallel with the partition. ..... .. ALYSSUM 1 “ Pre several-seeded .. BURSA 15 flattened contrary to the partition { 2-seeded........,....-- LEPIDIUM 16 ‘“* oblong, linear-oblong, or slender- {a white............... NASTURTLIUM 9 conical, turgid, slightly curved (fl. yellow... - RORIPA 10 thin-walled, straight........... leaves lyrate leaves entire or runcinate.. ... SISYMBRIUM 14 . BARBAREA 1 . ERYSIMUM 12 “6 linear, 4-angled { x ee pbeaked..... « BRASSICA 18 . ‘ : terete: J epeted eee -THELYPODIUM = 7 # as compressed; valves elastically dehiscent.............CARDAMINE 8 "compressed; not elastic { ae broad : oe f x * * Pods dehiscent from the apex. Troprpocarrum 21 1. ALYSSUM, Diose. Low herbs with simple leaves and more or less of a stellate pubescence. Sepals equal. Petals white or yellowish. Pod orbicular; valves convex, nerveless. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell. 1. A. alyssoides (L.), Gouan. Annual, branching from the base, decumbent, 14 --1 ft. high, canescent: leaves linear-spatulate, 4g—1 in. long: raceme rather slender, the white or pale yellow petals little erceed- ing the sepals: pod slightly emarginate, little exceeding the persistent sepals, 4-seeded.—Naturalized about San Francisco. 14 CRUCIFERS. 2. A. maritimum (L.), Lam. Perennial, ostensibly glabrous, but a few appressed hairs are revealed by a lens: broad white petals twice the length of the deciduous sepals: pod 2-seeded.—Naturalized more exten- sively than the last. 2. HETERODRABA, Greene. Slender diffuse annual, leafy only near the base, the elongated branches unilaterally racemose throughout- Leaves simple, toothed. Sepals equal. Petals without claw. Stamens 6 but equal, 3 on either side of the orbicular compressed ovary. Pod several-seeded, 2-celled by a very thin and filmy partition, indehiscent. 1. H. unilateralis (Jones), Greene. Pubescent with rigid short branching hairs: leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely few-toothed above the middle, 1s—1 in. long: branches horizontal and trailing or prostrate, 14g—2 ft. long, in age rigid and wiry: pods on short rigid deflexed pedicels, 2 lines long, 114 lines wide, stellate-pubescent and hispidulous, twisted when mature.—In fields among growing grain, along the eastern slopes of the Mt. Diablo Range. Feb.—May. 3. ATHYSANUS, Greene. Habit and character of the preceding, save that the very small orbicular and straight pods are I-celled and 1-seeded. 1. A. pusillus (Hook.), Greene. Stems filiform, branching from the base, the branches mostly ascending, unilaterally racemose throughout: leaves few, ovate, sparingly toothed, 14 in. long: fl. minute, often apeta- lous: pods lenticular, more or less uncinate-hispid, scarcely a line long, rather acute at base.—Common on hillsides. March, April. 4, CAMELINA, Ruellius. Erect herbs, sparingly branching, with clasping or sagittate leaves, and terminal loose racemes of small yellow- ish flowers. Sepals equal. Petals entire. Filaments without teeth. Silicle obovate or globose, beaked with a persistent style. Seeds several in each cell, oblong, marginless; cotyledons incumbent. 1. C. sattva (L.), Crantz. Pubescent, 14—2 ft. high: leaves lanceolate, sagittate at base, nearly entire: pods pyriform with acute base.—A weed in fields of grain in many countries; found at Berkeley by Mr. Chesnut in 1887. 5. ARABIS, Linn. Sepals erect, equal, or two of them slightly saccate at base. Petals white or purple with narrow claw and flat blade. Anthers short, straight, ovate or oblong, scarcely emarginate at base. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Pod linear, compressed; valves nerveless or lightly 1-nerved. Seeds in one or two rows, flattened, often winged. 1. A. glabra (L.), Weinm. Stout biennial, usually simple, 2 to 5 ft. CRUCIFERA. 15 high; lowest leaves and base of stem hirsute or hispidulous, the plant otherwise glabrous, glaucous: lower leaves spatulate, 2—4 in. long, sinuate- pinnatifid or toothed, ciliate at least on the petioles; cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, clasping by a sagittate base: petals dull white or greenish white, 2—3 lines long, little exceeding the sepals: pods erect, usually even appressed to the stem, 2—4 in. long, less than a line wide, straight, on pedicels 3—4 lines long: style short: seeds in 2 rows,narrowly winged or wingless.—Common. March—May. 2. A. hirsuta(L.),Scop. Seldom 2 ft. high, deep green, not glaucous, hirsute throughout with a branched pubescence: cauline leaves oblong- ovate or ovate lanceolate, sagittate or auricled at the clasping base, coarsely toothed or entire: fl. small, white: pods very slender, erect.—- Near Tocaloma, Bioleiti. : 3. A. blepharophylla, Hook. & Arn. Stoutish, 4—12 in. high, deep green, glabrous or sparsely pilose-pubescent: lower leaves obovate to broadly spatulate, 1-2 in. long, entire or sinuate-toothed, strongly ciliate; cauline oblong, sessile: sepals usually purplish: petals 1g in. long, rich red-purple: pods 114 in. long, 114g lines wide, suberect, beaked with a short stout style: seeds in one row, a line wide.—Rocky hills about San Francisco. Feb.—May. 4, A. Breweri, Wats. Low, tufted perennial, rather rigid, 2—10 in high, canescent with dense stellate pubescence: radical leaves spatulate, 1 in. long, short-petioled, entire; cauline ovate-oblong, sessile, not sagittate: petals rose-purple, 1—4 lines long: pods spreading or recurved, 114—21¢ in. long, scarcely a line wide.—Mt. Diablo Range, on rocks. Apr.—June. 5. A. Ladoviciana (Nutt.),C. A. Mey. Nearly glabrous, branched from the base and branches ascending, 6—10 in. long: leaves all pinnate- ly parted into oblong or linear few-toothed or entire segments: fl. small, white: pods spreading on short pedicels, flat, rather broad-linear, 1 in. long: seeds orbicular, wing-margined.—Banks of the lower San Joaquin. 6. STREPTANTHUS, Nutt. Mostly annuals, the few branches loosely racemose throughout. Leaves pinnatifid or toothed, rarely entire, except the cauline, and these mostly sagittate and clasping. Calyx whitish or colored, open or closed, often irregular, 2 or all of sepals saccate at base. Petals with broad channelled claw and {in our Species) a narrow usually more or less undulate limb. Stamens either tetradynamous or in 8 unequal pairs, the uppermost pair often with fila- ments united; anthers elongated, sagittate at base, curved in age. Pod from flat and thin to subterete; valves l-nerved or rarely carinate. Seeds more or less fattened, margined or marginless. 16 CRUCIFERZA. *Calyx not irregular. 1. S. barbiger, Greene. Slender, 1—114 ft. high, pubscent or gla- brous; cauline leaves linear, entire, scarcely auriculate: fl. subsessile, 3 lines long: sepals greenish, the rather acuminate tips becoming whitish-petaloid and recurved, the whole calyx commonly bristly-hairy, but ‘often glabrous: petals white: filaments dark purple, the three pairs very unequal, the uppermost connate almost to the summit, their anthers much reduced and seemingly sterile: pods 1—2 in. long, nar- rowly linear, recurved.—In Napa Co., near St. Helena. 2. §. suffrutescens, Greene. Perennial, suffrulescent, the stout leafy trunk 6—8 in high; flowering branches 1—2 ft. long: herbage glabrous, glaucous: stem-leaves cuneate-obovate, coarsely serrate-toothed; floral leaves round-cordate or more elongated: sepals purplish-green, their tips not reflexed: one pair of filaments connate; all the anthers equal and fertile—Hood’s Peak, Sonoma Co., Bioletti. +++ Calyx irregular, three sepals more or less connivent behind the upper petals, the fourth separated from these and somewhat deflexed; 1 pair of filaments connate. 3. §S. niger, Greene. Branching loosely from near the base and above, 1—3 ft. high, glabrous, glaucous: leaves linear, 2—3 in. long, the lowest with narrow pinnate gland-tipped lobes or teeth, the upper entire, auric- ulate-clasping: racemes loose, fleruous: pedicels ascending, 1 in. long: calyx 3 lines long, of avery dark metallic shining purple; sepals ovate-cymbi- form, the 3 upper slightly separated from the lowest, and connivent at apex: blade of petals very slender, white: upper pair of filaments connate almost throughout, their anthers small and sterile: pod 2 in. long, erect or ascending, nearly straight: seed narrowly winged.—Hills at Tiburon. ; 4. §.albidus, Greene. Stouter than the last, equally glabrous and glaucous, even the cauline leaves with callous-tipped prominent teeth, the base sagittate-clasping: racemes not flecuous: pedicels short: sepals '3—4 lines long, white, with purple base: petals 14 in. long, the lamina ample, crisped, white, with purple veins: upper pair of filaments united to the tip, their anthers small but polliniferous.—On hillsides not far from San Jose. 5. §. Mildred, Greene. Slender, 1—11¢ ft. high, more or less pilose- hispid: lower leaves coarsely and sinuately toothed; cauline linear- lanceolate, entire, clasping: racemes somewhat flexuous, not secund: fi. small, very dark metallic-purple: petals with small, slenderly atten- uate white-margined purple blade: upper pair of filaments almost wholly united, their anthers mere rudiments closely ap proximate, the other 4 stamens much shorter and little unequal: pods 3 in. long, slender, CRUCIFERA. 17 arcuate-spreading on the short pedicels: seeds oval, the upper half narrowly margined.—Mt. Hamilton. 6. S. glandulosus, Hook. Pubescence and sinuately toothed foliage of the last, but larger, 1—21¢ft. high: racemes more or less inclined to be secund: jl. very large, bright red-purple: sepals 14 in. long, ovate- cymbiform, carinate, 3 strongly connivent at tip, the fourth hanging loosely apart from the others: petals well-exserted, white-margined: upper pair of filaments connate above the middle, thence rather widely divergent, their anthers smaller than the others, but not greatly reduced, apparently sterile: pods 3 in. long, a line wide, arcuate-recurved: seed narrowly winged.—On clayey hillsides and banks, in the Oakland Hills, and southward. 7. §. Biolettii, Greene. Habitand pubescence of the last, but smaller and more slender, the leaves glaucous beneath: racemes not secund: fl. 4—5 lines long: sepals very dark purple: upper pair of filaments much the longest, united two-thirds their length, thence divergent, their , anthers half the size of those of the shorter stamens, apparently pollinifer- ous: pods slender, suberect, hispid.—Hood’s Peak, Sonoma Co. 8. S. pulchellus, Greene. Low and much branched, 14—1 ft. high, pilose-hispid: leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, the cauline sessile by a broad, partly clasping base, and with a few coarse and very salient teeth: racemes rather dense, subsecund: calyx deep lilac-purple, the sepals subequal, broadest at base, sharply carinate, the keel with some bristly hairs: upper pair of filaments united almost throughout, their subsagittate anthers little reduced, the other 4 stamens in very unequal pairs: pods very narrow, hispidulous, spreading and slightly incurved. —Southern flanks of Mt. Tamalpais. 9. S. hispidus, Gray. Stiff-hirsute or hispid throughout, only 83—6 in. high, branching: lowest leaves obovate- or cuneate-oblong, coarsely and somewhat incisely toothed, the teeth obtuse; cauline narrower, scarcely clasping: raceme short, loose, the fl. at length recurved: sepals red- purple with white petaloid tips, half as long as the similarly colored petals: pods hispid, 114—2 in. long, 1 line wide, straight, ascending: seeds winged.—Mt. Diablo. 10. S. secundus, Greene. Slender, sparingly branched above, 1—-2 ft. high: the long pinnately toothed or lobed lower leaves hispid-strigose; eauline lanceolate, sagittate, entire or toothed, and, with the brancher, pedicels and pods,sparsely hispidulous with spreading short hairs: racemes rather dense, wholly secund: fl. flesh-color, 4 lines long: sepals sharply carinate, the keel hispid-ciliolate, the short tips greenish, the remote lower one distinctly, the opposite uppermost one obscurely unguiculate: 18 CRUCIFERAE. petals with ample purple-veined crisped limb: upper pair of filaments connate to near their tips, the free parts searcely divergent, the anthers reduced in size, but polliniferous: pods 2 in. long, very slender, falcate- recurved, the valves carinate-veined: seeds small, wingless.—Northern base of Mt. Tamalpais, a rare and peculiar species. 7. THELYPODIUM, Endl. Coarser than Strepianthus, often biennial; the racemes often shorter and condensed. Calyx green, whitish or purplish; sepals equal at base. Petals with narrow claw and flat linear to obovate limb, exserted, white, yellowish or rose-color. Stamens tetradynamous; filaments never connate; anthers sagittate at base, curved. Pod usually long, linear, terete or slightly compressed, sessile or short stipitate. Seeds in 1 row, oblong, somewhat compressed, not winged. 1. T. procerum (Brew.), Greene. Annual, stoutish, branched from near the base, 3—7 ft. high, glabrous except at base: lower leaves petiolate, coarsely pinnatifid; upper lanceolate, sessile, acuminate: racemes long and lax: fl. greenish or yellowish white,4—5 lines long, on ascending pedicels half as long: pod very slender, terete,3—5 in. long, less than a line wide, acuminate, erect or somewhat spreading.— In fields at the eastern base of Mt. Diablo. 2. TT. flavescens (Torr.), Wats. Sparsely pilose-hispid below: lower leaves elongated, petiolate, sinuately toothed; upper entire, sessile, not auricled: raceme long and lax: fl. yellowish or rarely purplish, 4—5 lines long: sepals narrow and with the pedicels hispidulous: petals long- exserted, with linear and narrow claw; the blade dilated: pod 114 in. long, nearly terete, sparsely hispidulous, erect or somewhat spreading.— Fields of the lower Sacramento. 3. T. Hookeri, Greene. Size, habit and whole aspect of the pre- ceding, but lower leaves often pinnatifid, though as often sinuate- toothed; inflorescence the same, also size and color of fl. but sepals broader, less spreading, glabrous: petals with a rather broad claw and relatively narrow blade: pods 2 in. long, slender, terete, erect.—In the Mt. Diablo Range. 4. TT. rigidum, Greene. Stoutish and very rigid, 1—3 ft. high, with few wide-spread branches: hispidulous below, glabrous above, deep green, not glaucous: lower leaves somewhat lyrately pinnatifid; upper oblong-lanceolate and laciniate-toothed: fl. yellowish, small, rather crowded and subsessile, the fruiting raceme long and loose: pods 114 in. long, nearly sessile, ascending or somewhat spreading or curved, rigid, sharply tipped with a short style.—Eastern base of the Mt. Diablo Range, from near Antioch southward, chiefly on elayey hillsides. CRUCIFERS. 19 5. T. lasiophyllum (H. & A.), Greene. Glabrous, or more or less hirsute below, 14—6 ft. high, usually stoutish, rather rigidly erect, simple, or sparingly branching above the middle: leaves 2—4 in. long, pinnatifid with divaricate toothed segments, or the upper only sinuate-toothed: petals white or yellowish 114-214 lines long: pods slender, nearly terele, 1—2 in. long, short-pedicellate, straight or somewhat curved, ascending ~or strongly deflexed.—Common and variable. The sandhill form at San Francisco is small, early flowering, and has suberect pods. In the Coast Range the plant is often a yard high or more, late in flowering, with pods strongly deflexed. 8. CARDAMINE, Diosc. Annuals or perennials of woods or moist places; rootstock often tuberous. Stems mostly simple, often very spar- ingly leafy. Flowers white or purplish, inshort racemes. Sepals equal. Petals unguiculate. Silique elongated, linear, compressed, beaked or pointed, the valves plane, almost nerveless, more or less elastically dehiscent. Seeds compressed, not margined. * Without fleshy or tuberous rootstocks; leaves all pinnate. 1. C. oligosperma, Nutt. Annual, erect, slender, 144—1 ft. high, nearly or quite glabrous: leaflets small, in 3—5 pairs, roundish 1—6 lines long, often obtusely 3—5-lobed, petiolulate: petals white, 1—11¢ lines long, twice the length of the calyx: pods few, 14--%4 in. long, 14 line wide short-beaked, not becoming dry, the mature valves, while yet green- herbaceous, separating elastically and falling in aclose coil; cells about 8-seeded.—Common on shady banks along streams. March, April. x * Stems from elongated or rounded and tuberous perennial rootstocks. 2. C. integrifolia (Nutt.), Greene. Rather robust, 1 ft. high, gla- brous, somewhat fleshy: radical leaves 1—5 foliolate, the leaflets usually rounded and more or less cordate and nearly or quite entire, 1—21¢ in. broad; upper deeply lobed, or pinnately 3—5 foliolate, the segments linear or linear-oblong, entire: corolla large, white, nodding, the petals only campanulately spreading: pod conspicuously beaked.—Common in wet meadows, in open ground. Jan.—May. 8. C. Californica (Nutt.), Greene. Near the last, but slender, tall, less fleshy; the leaves, both radical and cauline, with broad and ample repandly and mucronulately denticulate leaflets: fl. pale rose-color.— Very common in rich woods, or shady banks. March—May. 4, ©. cardiophylla, Greene. Stoutish, 1 ft. high or less: radical leaves undivided, round-reniform to broadly cordate, slightly and some- what angularly 5-lobed and mucronately denticulate, I in. wide or more; cauline nearly as large, broadly cordate, acute, mucronate-denticulate, 20 CBRUCIFERS. tapering from within the broad sinus to a petiole % in. long: fl. white: pods slender-beaked.—In Weldon Cafion of the Vaca Mountains, Solano Co. March, April. Jepson. 9. NASTURTIUM, Bayhin. Perennials with lyrately compound or simple and pinnatifid or undivided leaves. Flowers white. Sepals erect. Petals unguiculate. Pods short, turgid, little compressed, nerve- less. Seeds small, rounded, somewhat flattened, impressed punctate. 1. N. orricrnaue, R. Br. (Warercress). Stems rooting at the de- cumbent base, the branches 14—5 ft. long, stoutish, hollow; roots all fibrous; leaves pinnate, leaflets rounded or elongated, the terminal one largest: pods 144 in. long or more, acute at each end, equalling the pedicels: style short, thick.—Plentiful in sluggish streamlets, and cool springy places. 2. N. Armoracta, Fries (HorseRapisH). Erect from a stout perpen- dicular perennial root, 2—4 ft. high: earlier radical leaves pinnatifid; later ones very large, not cleft, crenate: pods (seldom formed) ellipsoid or subglobular: style very short.—Escaped from cultivation. 10. RORIPA, Gesner. (Fause Cress). Annuals or biennials, com- monly referred to Nasturtium, but the flowers yellow, the sepals greenish- yellow, ascending or spreading, the petals only short-unguiculate and ascending. 1. R. palustris (Leyss.). Erect, stoutish, 1—3 ft. high, branching above, glabrous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and irregularly toothed or pinnatifid, 2—6 in. long: fl.1 line long: pods linear-oblong, 3—6 lines long, on slender pedicels.—Margins of ponds; Oakland Hills; and a rank form in marshes of Sonoma Co. 2. BR. lyrata (Nutt.). Branching from the base, the branches decum- bent or ascending, seldom a foot long, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous: leaves quite regularly pinnatifid into divaricate linear- or oblong-lan- ceolate entire segments: pods 14—% in. long, linear, more or less curved; pedicels half as long: seeds in 2 rows.—Along streams in Marin Co. 3. R. dictyota (Greene). Stout, erect, 2—4 ft. high, hirsute-pubes- cent: racemes rather dense: pods ovate-lanceolate; valves firm in text- ure, with strong tortuous midvein and anastomosing veinlets; partition thick, favose-reticulate.—Marshes of the lower Sacramento. 11. BARBAREA, Dodonzus (Winter Cress). Erect branching gla- brous biennials or perennials of rather low stature, with angular stems and more or less distinctly lyrate or pinnatifid leaves. Flowers rather small, bright yellow. Sepals equal at base, erect. Pods linear, either somewhat flattened, or more distinctly quadrangular, pointed; valves more or less carinate. Seeds in 1 row, oblong, turgid, marginless. CRUCIFERS. 21 1. B. vulgaris, R. Br. Stoutish, 1—3 ft. high; herbage bright green and glossy: leaves mostly radical, the very lowest sometimes simple, oftener with 1 or more pairs of relatively small lobes below a very large terminal one; cauline either simple and toothed, or pinnately parted: fi. 2—3 lines long: pods 1—2 in., erect, ascending, or even arcuate- spreading.—Common in moist shady places. March—June. 12. ERYSIMUM, Diosc. Biennials or perennials; ours stout, simple or with few branches. Leaves narrow, entire or runcinately toothed, not clasping. Flowers large, yellowish or orange. Sepals erect, one pair strongly gibbous at base. Petals with low claw and flat blade. Anthers sagittate. Pod 4-angled or flattened, and the valves merely nerved. Seeds in 1 row, not margined, oblique. 1. E. asperam (Nutt.), DC. Canescent with short straight closely appressed hairs: stems solitary, rarely with a few branches above, 1—3 ft. high, angular: leaves narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate, entire or runcinate-toothed, 1—3 in. long: fl. large, fragrant: sepals narrow, 4—6 lines long: petals from light yellow to deep orange, 8—12 lines long: pods slender, spreading, quadrangular, commonly 3—4 in. long, 1 line wide, beaked with a stout style-—Common in the mountains almost everywhere. April—July. Ul 2. KE. capitatum (Dougl.), Greene. Stout and low, 144—11¢ ft. high, sparingly pubescent with appressed bifid or 2-parted hairs; leaves narrow, entire, or sinuately or angularly toothed or lobed: fl. large, eream-color or yellowish, in a depressed terminal corymb, scarcely fragrant: pods nearly flat, with a strong midvein, 115 lines wide, the whole 1144—214 in. long, abruptly and stoutly short-pointed: seeds flattened.—Among the sandy or rocky hills of the seaboard only. Feb.— May. 18. BRASSICA, Pliny. Large annuals or biennials, with erect often widely branching stems, lyrate or pinnatifid lower leaves, and yellow flowers. Sepals equal at base. Petals unguiculate; limb obovate. Pods linear or oblong, terete or quadrangular, with a stout 1-seeded or seedless beak; valves 1—5-nerved. Seeds in 1 row, globose; cotyledons incumbent. * Sepals erect, enfolding the claws of the petals.—BRassIca proper. J. B. campsstris, L. Glabrous and glaucous, 2—3 ft. high: lower leaves somewhat roughb-hairy, lyrate with large terminal lobe; cauline oblong or lanceolate with a broad auriculate-clasping base: fl. 3—4 lines long: pods nearly terete, 2 in. long or more, on ascending or spreading pedi- cels, the stout beak 8—10 lines long.—Abundant in fields, flowering in the late winter and early spring months; commonly but erroneously called Mustard. Jan.—April. 22. CRUCIFERS. x x Sepals spreading, releasing the claws of the petals. 2. B. wrera (L.), Koch. (Buack Mustard). Not glaucous but dark green, roughish with scattered stiff hairs, stout, 3—12 ft. high: leaves all petiolate; the lower lyrate, with a very large and lobed terminal lobe; the uppermost lobed or toothed or entire: petals 3—4 lines long, twice the length of the yellowish sepals: pods closely appressed to the rachis of the raceme, 4-angled, 144—%4 in. long, sharply beaked with the long style-—Common as the preceding, but taking more exclusive possession of fence corners and rich waste lands. June, July. 3. B. Srnapistrum, Boiss. Annual, 2—5 ft. high, the herbage light green, rough with spreading hairs: lower leaves usually with a large coarsely toothed terminal lobe and smaller ones of angular outline on the rachis: fl. 4—6 lines long: pods 1—11g in. long, ascending, nearly cylindrical, with a stout somewhat 2-edged beak a third as long as the prominently nerved valves, often containing a seed, the seeds under each valve 3—8.—Common by waysides in the vicinity of Berkeley and Oakland; flowering later than B. campestris, but earlier than B. nigra. 14. SISYMBRIUM, Diosc. Erect and rather slender annuals. Leaves not clasping, lyrate-pinnatifid, or (in our species) finely dissected: Flowers small, yellow. Sepals scarcely gibbous at base. Petals unguic- ulate. Anthers mostly linear-oblong, sagittate. Pods linear or oblong- linear, terete or nearly so, obtuse or short pointed; valves slightly 1—3- nerved. Seeds usually numerous, small, oblong and teretish; cotyledons incumbent. * Seeds in 2 rows; leaves finely dissected. 1. §. multifidum (Pursh), MacM. Simple or with few branches, 1g—2l¢ ft. high, canescent with short branching hairs: leaves 1—2-pin- nate, the segments more or less deeply toothed or pinnatifid: petals 1 line long or less, about equalling the sepals: pods oblong to linear, or subclavate, }4—1¢ in. long, on slender spreading pedicels of equal or greater length, acute at each end, and beaked with a very short style — Plains near Livermore. x « Seeds in 1row; leaves pinnatifid or entire. 2. §. orFicrnaLE (L.), Scop. (Hepez Mustarp). Rigid, erect, spar- ingly and divaricately branching above, somewhat hirsute; lowest leaves depressed and rosulate, lyrately and somewhat runcinately pinnatifid, 3 —6 in. long: pods terete, 4g in long, tapering from base to summit, nearly sessile, closely appressed to the rachis in a long slender raceme.—By waysides and in waste grounds. 3. S. acuranevtum, DC. Hirsute with scattered simple hairs, 1—2 ft. high, with ascending branches: leaves 2—6 in. long, runcinate-pin- CORUCIFERSA. 23 natifid: pods terete, 1—11g in. long, less than a line wide, erect or ascend- ing on very short pedicels.—Not as common as the last. 15. BURSA, Siegesb. Slender nearly glabrous annuals, with simple or pinnate leaves, and small white flowers. Pods oblong or obcordate, more or less obcompressed, 00 -seeded; valves carinate, 1-nerved. Seeds not winged; cotyledons incumbent. 1. B, pastoris, Wigg. Usually hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous, erect, 13—2 ft. high, the stems racemose almost from the base, simple or with few branches: radical leaves usually in a depressed rosulate tuft, runcinate pinnatifid, or oblanceolate with coarse teeth; cauline sagittate, entire or toothed: pods cuneate-triangular, retuse, 1-—2 lines long and broad, on rather long spreading pedicels. —Cosmopolitan weed, flourish- “ing with us at all seasons. ~ 2. B. divaricata (Nutt.), O. Ktze. Slender, often diffusely branching and decumbent or procumbent, 8—8 in. high: lowest leaves sinuate-pin- natifid; cauline entire or nearly so: petals minute, barely equalling the sepals: pod oblong or ovoid, little flatiened, 2 lines long or less, obtuse, the valves rather thin; Pedicels slender, longer than the pods—Borders of salt marshes. March—May. 16. LEPIDIUM, Diosc. Low herbs with pinnatifid or toothed leaves, and small white or apetalous and greenish flowers. Stamens only 4, or even 2., Pod orbicular or ovate, strongly obcompressed, emarginately 2- winged at summit; valves acutely carinate; cells 1-seeded. Seeds not, winged; cotyledons usually incumbent, rarely accumbent. * Annuals; pedicels flattened. + Pods reticulated. 1. L. latipes, Hook. Branches stout and depressed, far surpassed by the leaves; these several inches long, irregularly and coarsely pinnatifid, the segments linear, entire or lobed; pubescence scanty on the leaves, more dense on the branches, hispidulous: racemes short, dense; pedicels 1—2 lines long: sepals very unequal: petals broadly spatulate, ciliate, greenish, exceeding the sepals: pod broadly oval, 2 lines broad, sparingly pubescent, strongly reticulate, the broad acute wings nearly as long as the body of the pod.—In saline soils at Martinez, Alameda, etc. March —May. 2. L. dictyotum, Gray. Habit and pubescence of the preceding, but much smaller, the branches at length ascending; leaves narrowly linear, entire or with a few narrow divaricate linear lobes: petals little exceed- ing the sepals or wanting: pods rounded, 114 lines broad, emarginate, 24 CRUCIFERA. with short acute wings, finely reticulated and pubescent, exceeding the thick erect pedicels.—Livermore Valley; also along the borders of marshes at Alameda. 3. L, oxyearpum, Torr. & Gray. Very slender, the elongated and racemose branches decumbent or assurgent, nearly glabrous: leaves linear, with a few linear segments or entire: sepals caducous: petals 0: stamens 2: pods on slender deflexed pedicels, glabrous, rounded, 11¢ lines broad, the terminal wings tooth-like, short, acule, divergent.—Borders of salt marshes at Vallejo, Greene; also in subsaline soils east of Wild Cat Creek in the Berkeley Hills, and near Alameda. 4. L. Oreganum, Howell. Erect, simple or with a few ascending branches, 3—6 in. high, ostensibly glabrous (more or less hispidulous under a lens): leaves linear, with a few linear segments or entire; sepals and petals less fugacious: stamens 4: pods round-ovoid, 2 lines broad, the terminal teeth more or less prominent and divergent, the body some- what hispidulous or glabrate.—Plentiful in subsaline soil in the Liver- more Valley. March—May. ++ Pods faintly or not at all reticulate. 5. L. nitidum, Nutt. Erect and with few ascending branches, or more diffusely branching from the base, 44—11¢ ft. high, rather slender, almost glabrous, or the branches distinctly hirsutulous; these racemose almost throughout: lower leaves loosely pinnatifid, segments linear; cau- line often entire: stamens 2 or 4: pods rounded, glabrous and shining, often of a dark purple, or with purple dots, 114 lines broad, with a small abrupt sinus between the short terminal teeth. Var. insigne, Greene. Stout, mostly simple, 4—8 in. high; fruiting raceme shorter and denser: pods twice as large, round-obovoid._Very common, especially towards the seaboard. The variety is of the Mt. Diablo Range. Jan.—June. 6. L. Menziesii, DC. Low and diffuse, herbage light green, hispid- puberulent or glabrate; branches 3—6 in. long; racemes numerous, rather narrow and dense: leaves of oblong outline, pinnatifid, the seg- ments usually 3-cleft or -toothed: petals 0: pods rounded, 1—114 lines broad, glabrous, or around the margin more or less hispidulous, faintly reticulate: teelh at the summit very short and obtuse; pedicels short, ascending or spreading, often very little flattened.—-Common, especially by waysides and in hard clayey soil; late flowering, 7. e., April-June. * x Stouter and taller; pedicels terete. 7. L.intermedium, Gray. Erect, branching above the middle, 1,— 114 ft. high, puberulent or glabrous: lower leaves 1-—2 in. long, toothed or pinnatifid: upper entire or only sparingly toothed, oblanceolate or CRUCIFERS. 25 linear: petals 0: pods glabrous, rounded, 1--114 lines broad very shortly winged, the obtuse teeth slightly divergent; pedicels 2 lines long.—Only occasionally met with in western California. 8. L. Drasa, L. Biennial or perennial, erect, a foot high or taller, the several stems corymbosely branched at summit; herbage canescently pubescent: lower leaves oblong-obovate, 1—3 in. long, sparingly serrate or entire; cauline narrower, sagittate and clasping: petals white, con- spicuous: pods cordate, not winged, turgid, acutish, tipped with a slender short style.—In old fields at Berkeley. 17. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook. (Lacz-Pop). Erect, slender sparingly branched annuals, with minute, white or rose-colored flowers, in slender elongated racemes. Petals cuneate-obovate, or linear-oblong. , Stamens 6, tetradynamous, or sometimes 4 only. Pistil a compressed rounded uniovulate ovary, short slender style, and small obtuse stigma, becoming a plano-convex or concavo-convex samara; the hard substance of the body of the fruit branching into several (12 to 16) radiating lines with diaphanous spaces or even complete rounded perforations between them, the whole forming a crenate wing. Seed solitary. 1. T. curvipes, Hook. A foot high or more; radical leaves pin- natifid, with short obtuse lobes or subentire, hirsute; cauline oblong- or linear-lanceolate, entire, sagittate-clasping: fr. obovate, seldom 2 lines wide, strongly concavo-convex, glabrous or slightly tomentose, the mar- ginal rays broad, dilated above, rather crowded, with narrow diaphanous spots (rarely a few perforations) between them, Var. (1) involutus, Greene. Taller and more strict: fr. elliptical, only a line wide; rays nearly obsolete, the purplish subscarious margin closely involute all around; style (rather prominent in fl.) deciduous. Var. (2) pulchellus, Greene. Radical leaves merely toothed: pods densely tomentose; the wing rather broader. Common in middle California. April—June. 2. T. elegans, Fisch. & Mey. Rather stouter, with fewer racemose branches: lower leaves ascending, repand-toothed: fr. 3-—4 lines broad, of more rounded outline, nearly plane, the body densely tomentose, the rays separated by regularly ovoid perforations and joined together beyond them into a very distinct diaphanous nearly entire margin.—Common on low hills of the interior. March—May. 3. T. laciniatus, Nutt. Glabrous throughout and glaucous: leaves linear, entire, or with a few incised or opposite and divaricate narrow segments: fr. from elliptical with narrow margin, to almost orbicular with broad evenly crenate border, scarcely plano-convex, 114 —21¢ lines broad, imperforate, with irregular deep sinuses between the rays, or rarely with a few perforations, glabrous and very distinctly reticulate-venulose. —Lake Merced; Mt. Diablo, ete. 26 CRUCIFERZ. 4. T. radians, Benth. Glabrous, 1 ft. high: lower leaves runcinate- pinnatifid; cauline ovate-lanceolate, auriculate-clasping: silicle round- obovate, almost plane, 4—5 lines wide, tomentose, the rays narrowly linear, ending abruptly near the edge of the broad diaphanous margin. —Sonoma Co. to Solano. 18. CORONOPUS, Ruellius. Diffuse prostrate heavy-scented annuals, with pinnatifid leaves, and the general aspect of some species of Lepidium. Flowers minute, greenish. Stamens often 2 only. Pods small, short, didymous, 2-celled; cells indehiscent, subglobose, when ripe separating from the persistent linear axis, strongly rugose, 1-seeded. 1. C. prpymus(L.) Smith. Stems diffuse, 44—11¢ ft. long; the heavy- scented somewhat aromatic herbage more or less hirsute; leaves with small narrow segments: pod a line broad or more, emarginate at base and at summit, strongly reticulate.—Plentiful on bluffs overhanging the sea at Point Lobos; occasional at Berkeley, etc. ’ 2. ©. Rueniu, Gertn. Pods cristate-muricate, not emarginate at summit, but tipped with a stout style-—San Francisco. 19. RAPHANUS, Pliny (RapisH). Coarse annuals, with large some- what fleshy lyrate lower leaves, and loose racemes of purple or yellowish large flowers. Sepals erect, the two outer gibbous at base. Petals entire or emarginate, unguiculate. Pod indehiscent, elongated, somewhat moniliform or at least constricted between the seeds, long-beaked. Cotyledons enfolding the radicle. 1. BR. sativus, L. More or less hispid with scattered stiff hairs: fl. 8—10 lines long: petals purplish, with veinlets of darker color, rarely white or yellowish: pod thick, fleshy when young, spongy in maturity, 1—21g in. long, 2—5-seeded.—One of the prevalent and troublesome weeds in Californian fields everywhere. 2. BR. Rappanistrum, L. Petals yellow: pods moniliform, long- beaked, breaking transversely into 1-seeded joints.—San Francisco. 20. CAKILE, Serapio (Sea Rocker). Glabrous very succulent sea- side annuals, with simple leaves and short racemes of smallish purple flowers. Sepals suberect, the two outer gibbous at base. Petals entire, unguiculate. Pod of 2 unequal joints, each 1-seeded, the upper and larger joint deciduous from the other. Seed in the upper cell erect; in the lower pendulous; cotyledons usually accumbent. 1. C. edentula (Bigel.), Hook. A foot high or more, the stout stem and few ascending branches somewhat flexuous: leaves obovate, sinu- ately toothed: lower joint of silicle oblong, 3—4 lines long; upper twice as large, ovate, compressed and emarginate at apex.—Common along sandy beaches. RESEDACES. 27 21. TROPIDOCARPUM, Hook. Annuals, with light green pubescent herbage, pinnatifid leaves, and loose leafy-bracted racemes of middle- sized yellow flowers. Sepals concave, spreading, equal at base. Petals spatulate-obovate. Stamens tetradynamous; anthers rounded. Silique sessile, elongated, more or less obcompressed, flat or inflated, without partition, indehiscent or the valves (2—4 !) opening from above. 1. T. gracile, Hook. Erect, very slender, usually only a few inches high, nearly glabrous: leaves linear, with opposite pairs of linear seg- ments, the floral similar but reduced: stamens very unequal, all exceed- ing the short pistil: silique linear, 2 in. long, glabrous, flat, indehiscent: seeds in 2 rows. Var. scabriusculum, Greene. Much larger, with many decumbent branches, and roughish-pubescent throughout, even to the pods.—Foothills of Mt. Diablo Range and on the plains. 2. T. capparideum, Greene. Usually erect, less than a foot high, simple, or with few ascending branches, the stem stoutish but hollow: pods 144—%, in. long, linear-oblong, inflated, 2 lines wide, slightly obcom- pressed (the cross section transversely elliptical), conspicuously 6-nerved; valves 4,2 deciduous and 2 persistent, the dehiscence beginning at the apex: seeds in 4 rows, i. e., 1 row along either margin of each of the 2 persistent valves.—Abundant in alkaline soil about Byron Springs. Orver Vil. RESEDACEA. Herbs with alternate exstipulate leaves, and terminal racemes or spikes of small flowers. Sepals 4—6, often somewhat united at base, unequal, herbaceous, persistent, open in the bud. ‘Torus bearing a rounded and glandular hypogynous disk which is produced posteriorly between the petals and the stamens. Petals 4—6, open in the bud, the lamina often lacerate or palmately parted. Stamens 3—20, inserted on the disk; anthers oval, fixed by the middle, introrse. Ovary 1-celled, 3—4-lobed, of 3—4 carpels at apex distinct and divergent; stigmas sessile, minute. Fruit membranous, 1-celled, open before maturity. Seeds reniform. 1. RESEDA, Pliny (Mienonerte. Dyrr’s WEED). Characters of the genus almost those of the order. Three Old World species, fugitives from the flower gardens, are here and there spontaneous with us. 1. R.aupa,L. A tall stout sparingly branching perennial, with long. spikes of whitish flowers: leaves deeply pinnate: sepals 5 or 6: petals as many, all equal, 3-cleft. 2. R. oporata, L. Annual; leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, often undulate: spike or raceme short in fl., elongated in fr.: fl. greenish, the .arge anthers dull red: petals parted into about 6 spatulate-linear segments. 28 DATISCER. OrperR IX. DATISCEA. With us represented by a species of DATISCA, Linn. Stout glabrous dicecious perennials. Leaves lacin- iate-pinnatifid; the segments coarsely toothed. Flowers axillary, sub- sessile, fascicled. Calyx of sterile fl. very short, with 4—9 unequal lobes. Stamens 10—25; filaments short. Calyx of pistillate fl. with ovoid tube somewhat 3-angled, 3-toothed, the stamens when present 8, alternate with the teeth. Styles 3, bifid, opposite the teeth, the linear lobes stig- matic on the inner side. Capsule oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled, opening at apex between the styles. Seeds 0, small, in several rows on the 3 parietal placentse; embryo cylindrical, in the axis of small albumen. D. glomerata (Presl.), Brew. & Wats. Erect, 3—6 ft. high, simple or sparingly branching: leaves of ovate or lanceolate outline, acuminate, 6 in. long; the floral shorter: fl. 4—7 in each axil of the long leafy raceme, the fertile mostly perfect: anthers subsessile, 2 lines long, yellow: styles exceeding the ovary: capsule oblong-ovate, 3—4 lines long, slightly nar- rowed toward the truncate triangular 3-toothed summit.—Along moun- tain streams. ORDER X. CISTOIDEA. In Asia an extensive family, of which we have one species. HELIANTHEMUM, Valerius. Cordus. Low, branching, suffrutescent. Leaves alternate, simple, entire. Flowers perfect, regular. Sepals mostly 5, unequal, persistent. Petals 5, yellow, fugacious. Stamens 0, hypogynous; filaments filiform; anthers short. Style 1, short, decid- uous. Capsule ovoid, 1-celled, few- or many-seeded; the seeds borne on the middle of the valve. H. scoparium, Nutt. Plant a bushy tuft 1 ft. high, glabrate, or stellate-pubescent: leaves narrowly linear, 1,—1 in. long: fl. on slender pedicels, solitary or cymose at the ends of the branches: sepals 3 lines long, acuminate, the 2 outer linear and much shorter: petals 4 lines: stamens about 20: capsule equalling the calyx—-Common on dry bills. Orper XI. VIOLARIEA. Represented by a fair number of species of the principal genus of the order. VIOLA, Pliny (ViouET). Low perennial herbs, with alternate leaves of involute vernation, foliaceous persistent stipules, and 1-flowered axillary peduncles. Flowers 5-merous. Sepals unequal, more or less auricled at base, persistent. Petals unequal, the lower one often spurred VIOLARIER. 29 at base. Stamens hypogynous, the adnate anthers connivent over the pistil, broad, often coherent, the connectives of the two lower often bear- ing spurs which project into the spur of the petal. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placenta; style clavate; stigma 1-sided. Capsule 3-valved; the valves bearing the seeds along the middle. * Acaulescent. 1. V.oporata, Renealm. Rootstock stout, branching, stoloniferous; leaves round-cordate, obtuse, crenate, more or less villous or glabrate, on petioles 83—10 in. long: peduncles shorter’ than the leaves: fi. large, violet, fragrant.—Occasionally spontaneous, as an escape from gardens. * % Stems short or elongated, leafy. + Leaves undivided; flowers not yellow. 2. YV. eanina, L., var. adunea, Gray. Scarcely stoloniferous, mostly tufted and low, 2—6 in. high, glabrous or puberulent: leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, with subcordate or almost truncate base, obtuse, or rarely acutish, obscurely crenate, 1g—1}4 in. long; stipules narrowly lanceolate, lacerate-toothed: fl. rather large, violet, turning to red-purple; lateral petals bearded; spur variable, much shorter than the petals, or quite as long, usually straight and obtuse. Common on grassy hilltops along the seaboard. Feb.—May. 3. V. ocellata, Torr. & Gray. Erect or ascending, 14—1 ft. high, nearly glabrous, or pubescent: leaves cordate or cordate-ovate, acutish, crenate, 1—2 in. long; stipules scarious, entire or slightly lacerate: petals 5—7 lines long, the upper ones white within, deep purple without, the others pale yellow-veined with purple, the lateral ones with a purple spot near the base, and slightly bearded.—Woods of the Coast Range. Apr.—June. + + Leaves undivided; fl. yellow within, often brown-purple without. 4. VY. glabella, Nutt. Stems slender from a creeping roofstock, nearly or quite leafless below, 5—12 in. high; minutely pubescent or glabrous: radical leaves on long, the cauline on short petioles, reniform- cordate to cordate, acute, crenately toothed or crenulate, 1—4 in. broad; stipules usually small and scarious, entire or serrulate: fl. bright-yellow, 1g in. long; petals more or less purple-nerved, the lateral ones bearded: capsule obovate-oblong, 4--5 lines long, abruptly beaked.—In wet shades among the higher hills. 5. V. pedunculata, Torr. & Gray. Stems 2—6 in. long, prostrate or assurgent; almost glabrous or puberulent: leaves rhombic-cordate, usually almost truncate at the broad base, obtuse, coarsely crenate, 144—11 in. long; stipules foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, entire or incised: 30 CARYOPHYLLES. peduncles erect, greatly exceeding the leaves, 4—8 in. high: fl. 1 in. broad or more, golden-yellow, the upper petals dark-brown on the outside, the: others purple-veined within; lateral petals bearded: capsule oblong- ovate, 4—6 lines long, glabrous.—On low hills, in open ground. 6. V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Stems prostrate, more or less creeping, slender, sparsely leafy; slightly pubescent: leaves rather thick and per- sistent, reniform, round-cordate or ovate, 1g—-11¢ in. broad, finely cre- nate, deep green above, often rusty beneath, usually punctate with dark dots: peduncles slender, elongated: fl. light-yellow, not large.—In woods of the Coast Range. 7. V. purpurea, Kell. Stems clustered, from a branching perpen- dicular root, 2—6 in. high: pubescence very scant but under a lens hispidulous, somewhat retrorse or at least spreading: herbage rather succulent, in early stages purple, except the upper surface of the leaves: leaves from broadly ovate to lanceolate, tapering to the petiole, entire or more or less coarsely and often somewhat crenately toothed: peduncles little exceeding the leaves: petals 3—5 lines long, light yellow within, dark purple externally: capsule almost globular, 3 lines long, pubescent. —Mt. Diablo Range. + + + Leaves divided or lobed; fi. yellow. 8. V. lobata, Benth. Stoutish, erect, 14g—1 ft. high, from an erect rootstock, leafy at the summit; puberulent or nearly glabrous; leaves of reniform or cordate outline, 2—4 in. broad, the cauline short-petioled, all palmately cleft into 5—9 narrowly oblong lobes, the central lobe largest or longest; some of the radical leaves less lobed or only coarsely toothed: petals 6 lines long, yellow, the upper brownish externally, the lateral slightly bearded: capsule 5—6 lines long, acute. Var. integrifolia, Wats. Leaves deltoid, acuminate, evenly crenate-serrate, not at all lobed.—Inner Coast Range. OrpER XII. CARYOPHYLLE€A. Herbs or suffrutescent plants with inert watery juice, mostly opposite leaves and swollen nodes. Inflorescence usually dichotomous. Flowers mostly 5-merous, complete and regular. Sepals united or distinct, im- bricate in bud, persistent. Petals imbricate or convolute, often bifid, sometimes wanting. Stamens usually 10, occasionally 5, distinct, hypo- gynous around a ring-like disk, or perigynous by cohesion of disk with calyx-tube. Styles 2—5, mostly distinct and with decurrent stigmas. Fruit a capsule opening by valves or teeth. * Sepals joined into a tubular calyx. Calyx prominently 5-angled................. 20. cove eee ec cee cece ee cee VACCARIA 1 ‘© 10-ribbed: capsule curiaceous, Stcathed Sains gag Cae aneRE Ri Riedie AGROSTEMMA 2 ‘* many-striate; capsule 6- toothed guvincaiacis eieedaiga wise stead waNeiee cage SILENE 3 CARYOPHYLLESR. 31 * * Sepals distinct. + Stipules none. : * (capsule tubular, 10-toothed..... 0.000... ccc ceeee eee eee CERASTIUM 4 Pata ee ai nd estes ALSINE 5 : . capsule 8-valved; valves cleft...... ARENARIA 6 Petals entire or only emarginate ; 4—5 valved; valves entire. ALSINELLA 7 + + Stipules present, scarious or setaceous. . capsule BV aL VO es. die eeer seis sscnduivodicwiveiecnsed aiedasdaornisitye SPERGULA 8 Petals conspicuous { os 8-valved.....--...-- ...TISSA 9 leaves flat, not pungent .. ..POLYCARPUM 10 Petals minute or 0 { “" vigid, pungent ............ ss cecsccseeeeee LaFuINGIA 11 1. VACCARIA, Dodoens. A glabrous glaucous annual. Calyx syn- sepalous, pyramidal, with 5 prominent angles. Petals 5, unguiculate, not appendaged. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, but with rudimentary partitions at base, 4-toothed at apex. a 1. V. vunearis, Host. Erect, 1—2 ft. high, simple below, cymose- paniculate above: leaves cordate-ovate, acute, entire, sessile: petals red; blade obcordate; claw linear: styles short: seeds dark-colored.-An Old World weed of grain-fields. 2. AGROSTEMMA, JZ. (Corn-Cooxtz). ‘Tall annual, sparingly branched above; pubescent, not viscous. Calyx synsepalous, tubular, coriaceous, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguiculate. Capsule coria- ceous, 1-celled, 5-toothed. 1. A. Grruaco, L. Erect, 2—4 ft. high, soft-hirsute: leaves linear- lanceolate, connate at base: fl. solitary on long upright peduncles: calyx 113 in. long, the linear teeth as long as the tube, deciduous from the mature fruit: petals purple, not equalling the calyx-teeth; limb broad, obtuse, entire; claw unappendaged.—A weed of the grain-fields, not yet common in California. 3. SILENE, Zobel, (Catcuruy). More or less viscid herbs. Calyx synsepalous, membranaceous, striate, 5-toothed. Petals (usually ves- pertine), commonly with cleft limb and appendaged claw. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Ped dehiscent at summit by 3 or 6 teeth. * Annuals. 1. S. antirrhina, Linn. Erect, slender, glabrous, glandless except a viscid belt of an inch, more or less, in the middle of each internode of the | branches: leaves lanceolate, acute, 1 in. long: pedicels erect: mature calyx oval, 3 lines long, the teeth short: petals red, the blade emarginate, a line long; crown inconspicuous: seeds minutely papillose.—In sandy soil, both along the seaboard and in the interior. March, April. 32 CARYOPHYLLEA. 2. S. Gauntoa, Linn. Slender, 1 ft. high, sparingly branched or nearly simple, hirsute: leaves spatulate, 1—114 in. long: fl. racemose on very short pedicels, rose-color: petals with obovate entire blade and small appendages.—The commonest weed of fields and waysides; the small flowers usually forming a one-sided spike or raceme; the petals not withering so early in the day as in other species. Mar.—June. 8. S. RacEmosA, Otto. Stoutish, rather roughly pubescent, 114—2 ft. high, dichotomously racemose from near the base: leaves lanceolate: i. white, fragrant, 1g in. broad, unilateral: blade of petal cuneate-obovate, deeply bifid.—Occasional in fields about Berkeley; flowers pure white, very fragrant, strictly vespertine, about twice as large as those of S. Gallica and quite showy. 4. §. multinervis, Wats. Erect, 1 ft. high, pubescent throughout, viscid-glandular above: leaves oblong-linear, acute: inflorescence cymose: calyx ovate, 5 lines long, conspicuously 20—25 nerved: petals small, purplish, unappendaged, not exceeding the subulate spreading ealyx-teeth.—Mt. Tamalpais and southward. * * Perennials. 5. S. rvruata, Smith. Rather slender, 2 ft. high, glabrous: leaves obovate and oblanceolate to lanceolate-acuminate: cyme dichotomous and loose: calyx inflated, ovoid, with deltoid teeth, the nerves fine and numerous: petals large, white, bifid: capsule round-ovoid.—Naturalized about Vallejo, Mr. Towle. 6. §. Californica, Durand. Puberulent and more or less glandular, 4 in. to 4 ft. high, simple or sparingly branched above: leaves ovate to oblanceolate, 144—4 in. long, acute or acuminate: fl. large, on short pedi- cels: calyx 7—10 lines long: petals scarlet, deeply parted, the segments bifid, their lobes 2—38-toothed or entire, often with a linear lateral tooth; appendages oblong-lanceolate: capsule 14 in. long, ovate, short-stipitate. —Coast hills. 7. §. verecunda, Wats. Pubescent and viscid throughout: stems 1—1l¢ ft. high, erect or decumbent: leaves oblanceolate, acute, 1—2 in. long: fi. few, erect, on stoutish pedicels 14—1 in. long: calyx oblong- cylindric, 4g in. long; teeth triangular, acutish: petals 34 in. long, rose- color; limb bifid to the middle; lobes linear, the inner entire, outer com- monly with a tooth near the base; appendages notched at apex; claw narrowly auricled: capsule oblong-ovate: seeds strongly tubercled on the back.—San Francisco peninsula from near the Presidio and the Mission Hills to Point San Pedro; also on Mt. Diablo. 4. CERASTIUM, Dillen. (Movusz-Ear CHIcKWEED). Soft-pubescent and slightly clammy low herbs, with white flowers in leafy- or scarious- bracted dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5, neither carinate nor 3-nerved. CARYOPHYLLEA. 33 Petals 5, bifid or emarginate. Stamens 10. Styles 5, rarely 4 or 3. Capsule cylindric, often incurved, thin and translucent, 1-celled, 1 -seeded, dehiscent at apex by about 10 teeth. Seeds roundish-reniform. 1. C. viscosum, L. Annual, soft pubescent and somewhat clammy, the branches erect or ascending from a decumbent base, 144—1 ft. high: leaves ovate, obovate, or oblong-spatulate, 14g—1 in. long: cymes in early state rather dense: pedicels even in fruit only 2 lines long; the calyx as long, the sepals acute: petals shorter than the calyx: capsule nearly straight, much longer than the calyx. Common weed in early spring; corolla ex- panding only in sunshine.—Native of Europe. Feb.—May. 3. C.arvense, L. Perennial, cespitose, downy with reflexed hairs, the inflorescence somewhat viscid: branches 4—8 in. high: leaves linear- lanceolate, 4—10 lines long, acutish: cyme contracted, bearing about 3 flowers (sometimes 5; as often 1 only), the branches ascending, often little exceeding the pedicel of the first flower; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, scarious-margined, 114g—2 lines long; the obcordate petals twice as long: capsule little exceeding the calyx.—San Francisco, and in Marin County. March—June. 4, (C. pilosum, Ledeb. Perennial, erect, stout, more or less densely pilose, the inflorescence glandular-viscid: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 14g—1 in. long, 1—6 lines broad, acute, almost sheathing at base: fl. few, large, in a terminal leafless cyme: sepals 34 lines long, obtuse; petals longer: capsule 6—10 lines long, the slender teeth at length circinate-revolute.—A Siberian and Alaskan species, said to have been found on Point Reyes. 5. ALSINE, Diosc. (CH1tckwrEpD). Low herbs with mostly quadran- gular stems, no stipules, and small axillary and solitary, or terminal and cymose white flowers. Flowers as in Cerastium, but styles usually 3 only, sometimes 2 or 4. Capsule globose or oblong, cleft below the middle into twice as many valves as there are styles. 1. A. mepra, Camerarius (1558). Weak, procumbent, rooting at the lower joints; stems marked by a pubescent line: leaves ovate, 4—% in. long, on slender petivies, or the upper sessile: floral bracts foliaceous; pedicels slender, deflexed in fruit: calyx pubescent: stamens 3—10: cap- sule oblong-ovate, 2—3 lines long, equalling or exceeding the calyx.—A very common weed of shady places. Dec.—June. ; 2.