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New York

State College of Agriculture

At Gornell University
Ithaca, N. VY.

— ‘BPibrary

Cornell University Lib:
Qk 170Mi5 0

Manual of the flor:

OS

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924001719537

MANUAL

OF THE

FLORA OF JACKSON COUNTY

MISSOURI

BY

KENNETH K. MACKENZIE
ASSISTED BY

B. F. BUSH AND OTHERS

KANSAS CITY, MO.
1902 —
Lh.

oes

CoPpyRiIcHT 1902, BY

KENNETH K. MACKENZIE

PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING GOLAPANY,
-ANGASTER, PA.

INTRODUCTION.

SITUATED as it is, where the floras of several different regions blend,
Jackson County, Missouri, is of especial interest to the botanist. For-
tunately its flora has been studied as thoroughly probably as that of
any other western area of similar size. The results of these investiga-
tions have appeared from time to time in several local floras. The first of
these was entitled ‘‘ Flora of Jackson County,’’ and was published in
1882 by Mr. B. F. Bush. In 1885 Mr. Bush and Rev. Cameron Mann
published a supplement to this flora, and in 1888 Mr. Bush published a
second supplement. The species and varieties enumerated in these three
lists are numbered consecutively and aggregate 1,004. In 1899 I pub-
lished a ‘‘Spring Flora of Kansas City and Vicinity,’’ which contained a
key to the plants blooming before the first of June. This work also added
a few species to those already enumerated in the previous works. In
addition, a series of very instructive and ably written papers by the Rev.
Cameron Mann appeared in the Kansas City Star during 1899, dealing
with our local flora ina popular manner. To the best of my knowledge
nothing else has been printed professing to deal with our local flora
alone. <A ‘‘ Flora of Missouri’’ published in 1885 by Professor Tracy, and
a ‘‘List of the Trees, Shrubs and Vines of Missouri,’’ published in 1895
by Mr. B. F. Bush complete the list of works in which any Jackson
County plants are enumerated.

At the time when the earlier lists were published, there was no work
which dealt with the flora of this region. Consequently there was then
much difficulty in arriving at a correct understanding of the species
represented here and mistakes were inevitable, but considering the diffi-
culties above mentioned they were not numerous, and are most noticeable
in genera, which even now are only beginning to be understood.

This work is intended to include all species of the higher plants found
growing wild within the limits of Jackson County, and embraces the re-
sults of all the botanizing done here up to the present time. All species
enumerated in previous works and not included herein are omitted for
some good reason, either because their occurrence could not be verified,
because of erroneous determinations, or because the forms then regarded
as distinct on further study have been proved not to be so. While as
much care as possible has been taken to make this work accurate and
complete, yet it must be recognized that no manual or flora ever pub-
lished has entirely met these requirements, and further study and inves-
tigation will certainly reveal the necessity for corrections in and addi-

tions to this. ;
ili

ig INTRODUCTION

While many lists of plants occurring in certain restricted localities
have been published, as far as I am aware no manual with full descrip-
tions and keys devoted to but one county and professing to include all
the species found in that county has ever been published in the United
States. That I have attempted here. The book is intended for the use
of students, and has been made as easy and as simple as possible. For
that reason no attempt has been made to use natural keys, for such keys
are always so full of exceptions as to make them worse than useless to the
beginner. Therefore artificial keys have been constructed and used.
The results obtained by the use of these keys can in each case be verified
by the more enlarged and technical descriptions appearing under the
families, genera and species respectively.

Ié is hardly necessary to dwell upon the manifest advantages possessed
by a manual of this character for local use over those which deal with
areas embracing many states. Two-thirds or three-fourths of the species
described in such works will not be found in any given locality, and the
pupil cannot fail to be hindered by the necessity of studying the descrip-
tions of these species in order to differentiate them from those species
which actually occur in his vicinity. This, added to the fact that in a
local manual the exact locality in which any certain species can be found
is given, is sufficient to show the advantages of such a work.

The descriptions here given are in most cases drawn from specimens
collected in this county by myself and others. Where that has not been
possible specimens collected elsewhere have been resorted to, and in one
or two cases published descriptions have been used, specimens of these
species not being available. These descriptions have been further com-
pared with those of the standard manuals and are believed to be accurate
as applied to the species found here. In describing families and genera
the descriptions are applicable only to our own species, and exceptions
illustrated by foreign species have been omitted. Save that combina-
tions in which generic and specific name are identical are avoided, the
names used, with few exceptions, are those used in Britton’s ‘‘Manual of
the Flora of the Northern States and Canada’’ and the sequence of families
and genera there adopted has been followed. This is largely true of the
sequence of species also.

DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY.

JACKSON County, Missouri, is bounded on the north by the Missouri
River, separating it from Clay and Ray Counties, Missouri ; on the west
by Wyandotte and Johnson Counties, Kansas; on the south by Cass
County, Missouri ; and on the east by Lafayette and Johnson Counties,
Missouri. It is about twenty-seven miles long east and west, and from
seventeen to twenty-seven miles wide north and south, and contains
some six hundred and twenty-five square miles. In altitude it ranges
from about 675 feet above sea level near Levasy to 1,100 feet near Lee’s
Summit. For so limited an area it exhibits a great diversity of surface,
and consequently the flora is rich and varied. ;

As most people are aware, the Missouri River is extremely crooked,
first approaching the bluff on one side and then the bluff on the other,
thus alternately leaving great bottoms on opposite sides of the river. Of
these bottoms there are five principal ones in this county, which are
known as the Sheffield, Rush, Little Blue, Sibley and Levasy bottoms.
The river is continually cutting into and eating away the up-river sides
of these bottoms and adding to the lower sides. The sand and mud de-
posited on the lower side is at first only uncovered at low water, but
being gradually added to is at length never covered save when the river is
very high, parts indeed escaping from submergence entirely. In each of
the bottoms there is a series of these areas added in successive years, each
a little lower than the one next above. The flora of the outer of these
areas or sandbars proper is very interesting and peculiar. In places Sali«
interior is so abundant that one can scarcely force his way through, and
everywhere it is the predominant plant. In the more open places are
found many herbaceous plants occurring no place else. Many species of
Cyperus, Potentilla, Roripa and Eragrostisabound. Juncus Richardsonianus,
Juncus bufonius, Juncus Balticus, Aristida intermedia, Orygraphis Cymba-
laria, Sporobolus asperifolius, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Bergia Texana,
Fuirena simplex, Limosella aquatica and many other rarities have been
found on these sandbars.

Passing from these outer sand-bars inland the flora gradually changes.
Saliz interior is first replaced by Salix amygdaloides, Salix cordata Missou-
riensisand Populus deltoides, and the herbaceous plants by Equisetum robus-
tum, and these in turn give way to the giant elms, oaks and sycamores of
the bottom forests. Inthe moreopen parts of these forests several species of
Meibomia, Sieglingia seslerioides, Helianthus tuberosus subcanescens, Anemone
Canadensis, Apocynum hypericifolium, Vernonia maxima, Solidago serotina,
Aster Missouriensis, Aster paniculatus and various species of Bidens are

v

vi DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY

characteristic plants, while in the denser forests various vines such as
Ampelopsis cordata, Vitis vulpina, Falcata Pitcheri, and Rhus radicans
make traveling burdensome. In these dense forests occur those rare
orchids: Aplectrum spicatum, Gyrostachys plantaginea and Pogonia trian-
thophora, and keeping them company the fungus-like Monotropa uniflora
rarely appears.

Bordering these lowlands is a chain of bluffs, high and rocky in the
western part of the county, but becoming lower and more sandy in the
eastern part. Various creeks, greater or less in extent, break the contin-
uity of this chain, and with their branches make the northern part of the
county very uneven., The larger of these creeks are really small rivers,
and extending through the width of the county, carry with them the
flora peculiar to the broken uneven country. Getting away from the in-
fluence of these creeks and their branches one comes to the prairie, once
open and nearly treeless, but now through the efforts of man fast losing its
characteristic features. This prairie extends throughout the southern,
especially the southwestern, part of the county, being there broken only by
the larger streams.

The chief streams of the county are the Blue, running through the
western part nearly due north and south; the Little Blue, running
through the central part from the southwest to the northeast : Sni-a-bar
Creek and its tributaries which cover the southeastern part ; and Fire-
Prairie Creek, which drains the northeastern part. The first three of these
are bordered by wooded bluffs, but Fire-Prairie Creek, save for a narrow
fringe of timber immediately adjoining it, runs through a nearly treeless
bottom. Barely penetrating the southeastern part of the county area
few small wooded creeks ultimately emptying into the Osage and bring-
ing in a few rare herbaceous species.

Along our streams Salix nigra, Acer saccharinum, Aesculus glabra arguta,
Ulmus Americana, Ulmus fulva, Juglans nigra, Quercus macrocarpa and
Gymnocladus dioica form the greater part of the forest, while on the bluffs
and the uplands various species of oaks and hickories find their home.
The sugar-maple is common in the northeastern part and the rock-elm
abounds only along the rocky bluffs in the northwestern, but as a
whole our trees are not local. The common smaller trees are Ostrya Vir-
giniana, Malus Ioensis and various species of Crataegus and Prunus. The
buckberry (Symphoricarpos) is the most common under-shrub, but the
hazelnut (Corylus Americana) and the wild blackberry are close rivals,
while along rocky branches, especially in the southern part, Rhamnus
lanceolata is common. Various sumacs and several species of Cornus
also abound, and twining over the larger plants are various species of
wild grapes, true and false; the poison ivy and the wild hop are every-
where met with.

The herbaceous plants as a rule are more locally distributed than the
woody, though of course many range almost throughout the county. In

DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY vii

the woods, especially of the northern part of the county, Cireaea Lutetiana,
Zeucrium Canadense, Impatiens biflora and aurea, Claytonia Virginica,
Isopyrum biternatum, Erythronium albidum, Viola scabriuscula and Viola
cuspidata, Rudbeckia triloba, Eupatorium maculatum, Agrimonia mollis,
Vernonia interior, Muhlenbergia diffusa, various species of Polygonum and
Meibomia, Podophyllum peltatum, Sanicula Canadensis, and several species
of asters and goldenrods may be mentioned as characteristic species.

The Blue and the Little Blue and their tributaries have cut down
through the limestone rock prevalent in the western part, and the out-
croppings of these limestone rocks, especially abundant in the south-
western part, form our barrens. The limestone is usually covered by a
thin layer of rich soil, which is moist in spring, but later on becomes
dried out. These barrens are either bare of trees or covered by small
scrub and are bounded on one side by the rocky bluffs of the creeks and
on the other usually separated from the prairies by the scrub-oak woods.
In these barrens many typical prairie plants occur, while other plants
appear which are met with in no other place. Of the latter Ophioglossum
Engelmanni, Specularia leptocarpa, Mentzelia oligosperma, Euphorbia Arkan-
sana, Sedum pulchellum, Valerianella stenocarpa, Chaerophyllum Texanum and
Boutelowa curtipendula may be mentioned. The rocky woods adjoining
these barrens are chiefly remarkable for the vast number of individuals
of some species which they contain. Here Ratibida pinnata, Cassia Cha-
maecrista and Helianthus hirsutus often give a yellow appearance to the
landscape. It is in these barrens and the woods adjoining that many
species of asters and goldenrods find their home.

The prairie region may be roughly divided into the high and the low
prairies. Unfortunately for the botanist the high prairie is so fertile and
easy of cultivation that very little of if now remains in its natural state,
the best being found in the Missouri Pacific right of way, both north and
south of Lee’s Summit. Typical prairie plants are Brauneria pallida, Laci-
naria pycnostachya, Viola delphinifolia, Rudbeckia subtomentosa, Meibomia Iiti-
noensis, several species of Silphium and Helianthus, Petalostemon candidus,
Petalostemon purpureus, Andropogon furcatus, Andropogon scoparius, Trip-
sacum dactyloides, Erythronium mesachoreum, Allium mutabile and Trad-
escantia refleca. Great rarities are Polygala incarnata and Dodecatheon
Meadia.

The low prairie region is chiefly found along Fire Prairie Creek, along
portions of the Little Blue, and sparingly along the Blue. Here Vernonia
fasciculata, Spartina cynosuroides, Rosa setigera, Asclepias Sullivantii, Koellia
ji xuosa and many species of sedges abound.

Besides these main subdivisions there are several localities of especial
interest. Thus in the Sni-a-bar Creek region, Polemonium reptans is very
abundant. In the northeastern part of the county Iva ciliata abounds, and
in the southwestern, Helianthus orgyalis. About four miles southeast of
Grain Valley, there are some sandy woods where Zizia cordata, Stenophyl-
lus capillaris, Aristida gracilis, Lechea tenuifolia and Centunculus minimus

viii DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY

occur. Coming up from the south at Greenwood are Gerardia Skinneri-
ana, Talinum calycinum and Fimbristylis laxa. Tragia ramosa, Aristida
basiramea and Thaspium barbinode get as far north as Martin City, while
Draba cuneifolia seems to reach its northern limit at Dodson.

But the most interesting of all is the bog region found along the
Missouri bluffs west of Sibley. Many eastern plants fare in the west,
are here found. Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Epilobiuwm lineare, Epilobium
coloratum, Dryopteris Thelypteris, Polygonum sagittatum, Dulichium arundi-
naceum, Carex hystricina, Carex lurida, Carex typhinoides and Cardamine
Pennsylvanica may be mentioned. In the rich woods adjoining, Asple-
nium Filix-foemina, Botrychium obliquum, Osmunda Claytoniana, Hydrastis
Canadensis, Caulophyllum thalictroides and Korycarpus diandras occur, but
often almost hidden by the luxurious growth of Asplenium angustifolium.

In the very rich bluffs at Courtney, Carex Albursina and Bikukula
Canadensis may be found, while on the rocks Asplenium platyneuron and
Asplenium parvulum may perchance reward the very diligent searcher.
On the rocky bluffs at Kansas City, Polymnia Canadensis radiata abounds,
although found in no other station in the county, and Thalictrum dioicum
has the same local] distribution on the rucky bluff north of Fairmount
Park.

Aquatics are not common with us, but still we have a fair share. We
have four good sized ponds, one at Lake City, another at Sheffield, a
third at Atherton called Hiffner’s Lake, and a fourth at Sibley known as
Fish Lake. Chief among our water-plants found in these lakes is the
chinquapin water-lily, unfortunately confined to Lake City and Fish
Lake. Less noticeable, but perhaps more interesting are the Utricula-
Tias, Potamogetons, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Ranunculus, Didiplis,
Monniera, Lemna, Spirodela, Azoila, Heterantheras and Sagittarias, some
found in but one or a few, others in all our ponds.

With such a large city and important railroad center within its borders
as Kansas City, one would naturally expect to find many foreign plants
in Jackson County, and this expectation is amply borne out. Some of
the introduced plants are among our most common weeds, while of others
but a few clumps have been found. Although not weeds, clover (Trifo-
lium repens) and blue-grass (Poa pratensis) are perhaps the most common
of our introduced plants. In fact it is hard to believe that they are in-
troduced. Of the introduced plants which have become common weeds,
Panicum Crus-Galli, Syntherisma sanguinalis, Chaetochlea glauca and Chae-
tochloa viridis, Agrostis alba, Eleusine Indica, Eragrostis major, Festuca ela-
tior, Bromus secalinus, Rumex crispus, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopo-
dium album, Amaranthus retroflerus, Brassica nigra, Bursa Bursa-pastoris,
Sisymbrium officinale, Pastinaca sativa, Ipomoea purpurea, Ipomoea hedera-
cea, Verbascum Thapsus, Xanthium strumarium, Helianthus annuus, An-
themis Cotula, Carduus lanceolata, Taraxacum officinale, Lactuca virosa and
Sonchns asper, are met with everywhere, and are some of our commonest
plants. Many native plants have taken on a weedy aspect, and with the

DESCRIPTION OF JACKSON COUNTY ix

introduced species above mentioned abound in waste places. Chief
among these are: Panicum capillare, Panicum proliferum, Juncus tenuis,
Urtica gracilis, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, Phyto-
lacca decandra, Portulaca neglecta, Lepidium apetalum, Lepidium Virginicum
(possibly introduced), Enphorbia maculata, Euphorbia nutans, Asclepias
Syriaca, Verbena stricta, Teucrium Canadense, Solanum Carolinense, Vero-
nica peregrina, Plantago Rugellii, Plantago aristata, Vernonia interior,
Erigeron annuus, Erigeron ramosus, Leptilon Canadense, Iva ciliatu (lo-
cally), Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Ambrosia trifida, Carduus altissimus and
Lactuca Canadensis.

Along the railroads many species are found, of some perhaps only a
plant or two, which hardly deserve a place in our flora, but whose occur-
rence it is necessary to mention in order to make a complete record. The
railroads at Sheffield are especially rich in such species. A few show a
tendency to persist and spread, but mostof them are purely waifs. Quite
# number of such species are here reported, especially among the Grami-
neae and Compositae.

At the end of the work will be found a table showing the number of
families, genera, species and varieties, from which a knowledge of the
component parts of our flora can be obtained almost at a glance. Our
largest genera with the number of species and varieties in each are: Carez,
60; Polygonum, 20; Panicum, 17; Aster, 16; Cyperus, 13; Chenopodium,
12; Meibomia, 12 ; Solidago, 12; Quercus, 11; Euphorbia, 11; Physalis,
10; Helianthus, 10. Probably the most noticeable features of our flora
are the great number of grasses, Compositae and sedges, the total absence
of heaths and the small number of ferns and orchids.

x NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND NAMES

USE OF KEYS.

To those not acquainted with the use of botanical keys, a few hints
may be of value. Suppose we have gone into the woods and founda
plant whose name we would like to ascertain. We first turn to the key
to the families at the beginning of the book and find there two lines be-
ginning equally far out. We must choose between these two lines, one of
which says ‘‘ plants without flowers orseeds’’ and the other “‘ plants with
flowersand seeds.’’ We perceive that our plant has both flowers and seeds
and so select the second division. Under this, but a little indented, are
two lines beginning equally far out. Our plant agrees with the second
under which, again, are two lines to select from and again we take the
second line. Here we are referred to ‘II’? Glancing down the page,
this figure soon meets the eye. In the same manner as before we proceed
to select ‘‘B,’’ and going on as before we at last find that our plant be-
longs to the Portulacaceae found on page 85. Turning to page 85 we com-
pare our plant with the family description, and then if all is correct take
up the key to the genera. Out of the three genera No. 2 or Claytonia
agrees with our plant. Turning to No. 2, we read generic and specific
description, and, finding that both descriptions agree, conclude that our
plant is Claytonia Virginica or Spring Beauty. By a similar use of the
keys scattered through the work—but always commencing with the
family key—any plant occurring with us may be traced and named. If
a genus has more than one species represented, the key at the beginning
of the genus must be used to name the species.

NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND NAMES.

The authors feel that quite a few of the genera and families recognized
in this work could be split up with great advantage to the student and to
a proper understanding of systematic botany, but they think that work
of this character should be left to a book of a more extended scope than
this, and so have not attempted it here. Likewise there areseveral forms
of plants growing in our territory, which we have not named, owing to
insufficient knowledge of them at present. Some of our plants we thought
deserved recognition and these we have indicated as new.

A list of the new species, varieties and names given in this work is as
follows, the authors being Mackenzie and Bush, except as otherwise in-
dicated :

1. Pellaea atropurpurea Bushii Mackenzie, p. 5.

. Echinodorus cordifolius lanceolatus (Engelm.), p. 10.
. Muhlenbergia polystachya, p. 23.

. Hystrix elymoides, p. 39,

. Tris foliosa, p. 63.

aprw wo

ACKNOWLEDGMENT xi

6. Salix cordata Missouriensis (Bebb), p. 69.

7. Chenopodium album Berlandieri (Moq.), p. 80.
8. Portulaca neglecta, p 86.

9. Crataegus Mackenzii Sarg., p. 108.

10. Prunus lanata (Sudw.), p. 109.

11. Lespedeza Manniana, p. 118.

12. Lespedeza acuticarpa, p. 118.

13. Lespedeza violacea prairea, p. 118.

14. Ocenothera strigosa (Rydb.), p. 139.

15. Convolvulus sepium fraterniflorus, p. 153.

16. Physalis Missouriensis, p. 167.

17, Physalis subglabrata, p. 167.

18. Lobelia spicata leptostachys (A. DC), p. 183.

19. Vernonia interior Drummondii (Shuttlw.), p. 190.

20. Vernonia interior Baldwinii (Torr.), p. 191.

21. Solidago longipetiolata, p. 194.

22. Aster parviceps (Burgess), p. 196.

Descriptions of. the species of Lespedeza indicated as new appeared in
“Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis,’’ Vol. XII., No. 2,
issued March 19, 1902, and descriptions of several other species here in-
dicated as new were published in Vol. XII., No. 7, of the same Trans-
actions after the portion of this work containing these species had been
printed.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

IN closing this work I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to several
gentlemen without whose assistance it would not have been possible in its
present form. I have had the benefit of all of Mr. B. F. Bush’s and Rev.
Cameron Mann’s notes and observations made in this county and extend-
ing over the last twenty years, as well as of the large botanical knowledge
possessed by both these gentlenien. Quite a number of the species included
herein rest solely on their authority, as do also a large number of the
localities given for other species. Mr. Bush’s assistance has been so great
that it is but his due to associate his name with the authorship of this
work. This has accordingly been done. Many others, especially Mr.
William Nelson, of the Kansas City Star, have taken an active interest
in the publication of this work and to these my hearty thanks are hereby
extended. Thanks are further due to distinguished botanists through-
out the United States who have on many occasions named plants sent to
them both by myself and by Mr. Bush. I wish alao to especially thank
Professor N. L. Britton and his assistants in charge of the New York Botan-
ical Garden for the use of the facilities afforded by that institution, and
for assistance in many difficult genera.

KAwsas CITY, MIssougI,
June 10, 1902.

KENNETH K. MACKENZIE.

xii ACKNOWLEDGMENT

SYMBOLS USED.

The degree mark (°) is used after figures to indicate feet.

The minute mark () is used after figures to indicate inches.

The second mark (/’) is used after figures to indicate lines, or twelfths
of an inch.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES

KEY TO THE FAMILIES.

Plants without flowers or seeds, but with spores

which are borne in sporanges.

Plants not aquatic and leaves not linear and

basal.

Sporanges in terminal spikes or panicles or

on the back of a leaf.
Fronds erect in vernation.
Fronds circinate in vernation.
Sporanges opening vertically.
Sporanges opening transversely

Sporanges beneath scales in a terminal

spike.
Plants small floating aquatics.
Plants with flowers and seeds.
Ovules naked.
Ovules enclosed in an ovary.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE, 1.

OSMUNDACEAE, 2.
POLYPODIACEAE, 2.

EQUISETACEAR, 6.
SALVINIACEAR, 5.

Plants with the leaves all linear and basal. Iso—ETAUEAR, 6.

PINACEAR, 7.

Seed with one cotyledon ; stems not differ-
entiated into pith, wood and bark;

leaves usually parallel-veined.

Seeds with two cotyledons ; stems differ-
entiated into pith, wood and bark ;

leaves usually netted-veined.

Carpels one or more, distinct.
Plants with true leaves.
Perianth of bristles or scales.
Flowers in terminal spikes.
Flowers in terminal round heads.
Perianth corolla-like.
Leaves with parallel veins.
Carpels one-four.
Carpels numerous.
Leaves with netted veins.
Perianth none; flowers in the axils of
chaffy scales.
Glumes one for each flower ; fruit an
achene ; stems solid.
Glumes two for each flower; fruit a
grain ; stems usually hollow.
Perianth none ; flowers not in the axils
of chaffy scales.
Minute floating plants with no leaves.
Carpels united into a compound ovary.
Ovary superior.
Perianth segments all green.
Herbs.
Climbing vines.

IT.

TYPHACEAE, 7.
SPARGANIACEAR, 8.

NAIADACEAE, 8.
ALISMACEAE, 9.
ARACEAE, 54.

CYPERACEAE, 39.
GRAMINEAK, 11.

ARACEAE, 54.
LEMNACEAE, 54.

JUNCACEAE, 57.
SMILACEAE, 62.

xiv KEY TO THE FAMILIES

Outer perianth segments green ; inner

colored.
Petals ephemeral. COMMELINACEAE, 55.
Petals withering-persistent. CoNVALLARBIACEAE, 61,

Perianth segments all colored.
Flowers irregular or perfect ; stamens

only three. PONTEDERIACEAE, 56.
Flowers regular ; stamens six.
Flowers not perfect. MELANTHACEAE, 58.
Flowers perfect.
Fruit a capsule. LILIACEAE, 58.
Fruit a berry. CoNVALLARIACEAE, 61.
Ovary inferior.
Aquatic herbs. VALLISNERIACEAE, 11.
Not aquatics ; flowers regular.
Stamens six ; herbs. AMARYLLIDACEAE, 62.
Stamens six ; vines. DIOSCOREACEAE, 63.
Stamens three. IRIDACEAE, 63.
Not aquatics ; flowers irregular. ORCHIDACEAE, 64.
II.

Petals if present not united.

Petals none. A.
Petals present. B.
Petals present, more or less united. C.
A.
Aquatic herbs.
Leaves whorled, dissected. CERATOPHYLLACEAE, 89.
Leaves opposite, entire. CALLITRICHACEAE, 126.
Trees or shrubs.
Some of the flowers in aments.
Leaves odd-pinnate. JUGLANDACEAR, 66.
Leaves simple.
Calyx none. SALICACEAE, 67.
Calyx present.
Pistillate flowers in aments or capi-
tate.
Fruit a nut. BETULACEAE, 69.
Fruit berry-like. MoRACEAR, 72.
Pistillate flowers not in aments and
not capitate. FAGACEAE, 70.
Flowers not in aments.
Leaves pinnate ; plants prickly. RUTACEAE, 122.
Leaves pinnate ; plants not prickly.
Stamens usually two. OLEACEAE, 148.
Stamens four—twelve. ACERACEAE, 128.
Leaves not pinnate.
Leaves opposite. ACERACEAS, 128.
Leaves alternate ; sap not milky. ULMACEAE, 71.
Leaves alternate ; sap milky. MOoRACEAR, 72.
Herbs or vines.
Ovary inferior.
Ovary 1-celled. SANTALACEAR, 74.
Ovary 4-celled. ONAGRACEAE, 138.

Ovary 6-celled. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, 75,

.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES

Ovary superior.
Ovaries many.
Ovary one, 10-celled, 10-ovuled.
Ovary one, 5-celled, 5-horned.
Ovary one, 4-celled, 4-ovuled.
Ovary one, 3-celled, 3-ovuled.
Ovary one, 2-several-celled, many-
ovuled.
Leaves verticillate.
Leaves not verticillate.
Ovary one, 1-celled, many-ovuled.
Ovary one, 1-ovuled.
Vines or herbs with compound leaves.
Herbs with simple leaves and sheath-
ing stipules.
Herbs with simple leaves ; stipules not
sheathing.
Several flowers together and sur-
rounded by a 5-lobed bract.
Flowers surrounded by scarious
bracts.
Bracts if present not scarious.
Style and stigma one; flowers
not perfect.
Styles or stigmas two-three.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves opposite.

Ovary superior.
Ovary inferior.

Corolla irregular.
Stamens more than ten.
Stamens ten or less.
Ovary one-celled and with one parietal
placenta.

Upper petal enclosed by the lateral in

the bud.
Lateral petals enclosed by the upper in
the bud.
Ovary 1-celled and with two parietal
placentae.
Ovary 1-celled and with three parietal
placentae.
Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled.
Ovary 2-celled, several-ovuled.
Leaves simple.
Leaves pinnate.
Ovary 3-celled, 6-ovuled.
Ovary 5-celled, several-ovuled.
Corolla regular.
Stamens more than ten and more than
twice the divisions of the corolla.
Pistils few-many.
Imbedded in pits in the receptacle.
On the receptacle.
Stamens on the receptacle.

xV

RANUNCULACEAE, 90.
PHYTOLACCACEAE, 84.
CRASSULACEAE, 102.
CALLITRICHACEAR, 126.
EUPHORBIACEAE, 122,

AIZOACEAE, 85.
LYTHRACEAE, 136.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86.
MOoRACEAE, 72.

POLYGONACEAE, 75.

NYCTAGINACEAE, 84.

AMARANTHACEAE, 82.

URTICACEAE, 73.

CHENOPODIACEAE, 79.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86.

1.
2.

RANUNCULACEAE, 90.

CAESALPINIACEAE, 110.
PAPILIONACEAE, 111.
PAPAVERACEAE, 95.

VIOLACEAE, 134.
POLYGALACEAE, 122.

LYTHRACEAE, 136.
PAPILIONACEAE, 111.
HIPPOCASTANACEAE, 128.
BALSAMINACEAE, 129.

NYMPHAEACEAE, 89.

Xvi-

Small trees.
Herbs or vines.
Stamens on the calyx.
Pistil one.
Vines.
Trees.
Stamens not in clusters.
Stamens in clusters.
Herbs with black-dotted leaves.
Herbs with dotless leaves.
Ovary 3-celled.
Ovary 5-many-celled.
Ovary 1-celled, with parietal pla-
centae.

With one parietal placenta.

Fruit not pulpy.
Fruit pulpy.
With more than one parietal pla-
centa.
Sepals two or three.
Sepals four.
Sepals five.
Ovary 1-celled ; placenta central.
Stamens ten or less, or if more, never more
than twice as many as the divisions of
the corolla.
Ovary or ovaries not compound.
Ovules on a free central placenta.
Sepals two.
Sepals four or five.

Stamens not opposite the petals.
Stamens opposite the petals.
Ovules not on a free central placenta.
Trees with angulately lobed leaves.

Trees with compound leaves.
Herbs.

Stamens on the receptacle.
Anthers not opening by valves.
Anthers opening by valves.

Stamens on the calyx.

Ovaries more than one.
Plants fleshy.
Plants not fleshy.
Ovary one. ’
Floweis in globular heads.
Flowers not in heads.
Ovary compound as shown by the num-
ber of cells, placentae or styles.
Woody plants.
Stamens ten.
Stamens four or five, alternate with
the petals.

Leaves simple.

Leaves compound.

Fruit bladdery-inflated.
Fruita small drupe.

Stamens four or five, opposite the

petals.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES

ANONACEAE, 90.
RANUNCULACEAE, 90.
RosacKAB, 104.

MENISPERMACEAE, 95.
DRUPACEAR, 109.
TILIACEAE, 131.
HYPERICACEAE, 133.

EUPHORBIACEAE, 122.
MALVACEAE, 131.

RANUNCULACEAE, 90.
BERBERIDACEAE, 94.

PAPAVERACEAE, 95.
CAPPARIDACEAE, 102.
CISTACEAE, 134.
PORTULACACEAR, 85.

PORTULACACEAE, 85.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86.
PRIMULACEAE, 146.

PLATANACEAE, 103.
CAESALPINIACEAE, 110.

RANUNCULACEAE, 90.
BERBERIDACEAE, 94.

CRASSULACEAE, 102.
ROSACEAE, 104.

MIMOSACEAE, 110.
CAESALPINIACEAR, 110.

SIMARUBACEAE, 122.

CELASTRACEAR, 127.

STAPHYLEACEAE, 127.
ANACARDIACEAE, 126.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES xvii

Climbing vines. VITACEAE, 130.
Shrubs. RHAMNACEAR, 129.
Herbs.
Ovary 1-celled, with a free central
placenta. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, 86,
Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal
placentae. CAPPARIDACEAE, 102.
Ovary 1-celled with three parietal
placentae. HYPERICACEAE, 133.
Ovary 2-celled, with two parietal
placentae.
Capsule not beaked. CRUCIFERAE, 96.
Capsule strongly two-beaked. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 103.
Ovary 2-10-celled.
Leaves palmately compound. GERANIACEAE, 120.
Leaves 3-foliolate. OXALIDACEAE, 120.
Leaves pinnately compound. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, 121.
Leaves simple.
Ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. EUPHORBIACEAE, 122.
Ovary 2-4-celled, many-ovuled.
Stamens two or three. ELATINACEAE, 133.
Stamens four or more. LYTHRACEAE, 136.
Ovary 4-10-celled.
Capsule 5. beaked. CRASSULACEAB, 102.
Capsule not beaked. LINACEAE, 121.
2.
Woody plants.
Style one. CoRNACEAE, 145.
Styles two or more.
Fruit 1-celled, many-ovuled. GROSSULARIACEAE, 103.
Fruit 1-5-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each j
cell. PoMACEAE, 107.
Herbs.
Stems flat, jointed, very prickly. CACTACEAE, 136.
** Stems not flat, jointed and prickly.
Climbing vines. CUCURBITACEAE, 188.
Not climbing. ;
Stamens very numerous. LOASACEAE, 136.

Stamens 12 or fewer.
Ovary several—many-ovuled.
Aquatic herbs with submerged
leaves dissected. HALORAGIDACEAB, 140.
Not aquatic herbs with submerged
leaves dissected.
Calyx tube adherent to base of
ovary. LYTHRACEAE, 135.
Calyx tube adherent to ovary. ONAGRACEAE, 138.
Ovary 2-5-ovuled.

Fruit dry. UMBELLIFERAE, 141.
Fruit berry-like. ARALIACEAE, 141.
Cc.
Ovary superior. 1.

Ovary inferior. 2.

Xviii KEY TO THE FAMILIES

Corolla irregular.
Ovary 1-celled.
Stamens six, diadelphous.
Stamens ten.
Stamens two to four.
Aquatics.
Leafless herbs.
Leafy herbs.
Ovary 2-celled, 2-seeded.
Ovary 2-celled, four-many-seeded.
Stamens six or eight.
Stamens two, four or five.
Woody plants.
Herbs.

Seeds borne on hook-like projec-

tions.

Seeds not borne on hook-like projec-

tions.
Ovary 4-celled or deeply 4-parted.
Stamens five.
Stamens two or four.
Ovary four-celled.
Ovary deeply four-lobed.
Corolla regular.
Herbs.
Ovaries two, distixct.
Pollen simple.

Pollen united into waxy masses.
Ovary deeply 4-lobed around a common

style.
Stamens five.
Stamens two or four.
Ovary 4-celled, 4-ovuled.
Ovary 5-celled.
Leafless saprophytes.
Plants with trifoliolate leaves.

Ovary 1-celled ; style and stigmas one.

With one parietal placenta.
With a central placenta.

Ovary 1-celled ; stigma 2-lobed.
Ovules many.

Leaves opposite ; plants glabrous.
Leaves opposite ; plants not glabrous.
Leaves alternate, deeply-lobed.

Ovule one.
Ovary 3-celled.
Ovary 2-celled.
Leafless parasitic vines.
Herbaceous vines.
Ordinary herbs.
Corolla scarious.
Corolla not scarious.
Ovules borne on hooks.
Ovules not borne on hooks.

Fruit a berry or prickly capsule.

Fruit a capsule.

PAPAVERACEAE, 95.
PAPILIONACEAE, 111.

LENTIBULARIACEAE, 174,
OROBANCHACEAE, 174,
MARTYNIACEAE, 175.
VERBENACEAE, 158.
PoLYGALACEAE, 122.

BIGNONIACEAE, 175.

ACANTHACEAE, 176.
SCROPHULARIACEAE, 169.
BORAGINACEAE, 156.

VERBENACEAE, 158.
LABIATAE, 159.

APOCYNACEAE, 149.
ASCLEPIADACEAE, 150.

BORAGINACEAE, 156.
LABIATAE, 159.
VERBENACEAE, 158.

MONOTROPACEAE, 145.
OXALIDACEAE, 120.

MIMOSACEAE, 110.
PRIMULACEAE, 146.

GENTIANACEAE, 148,
MARTYNIACEAE, 175.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE, 155.
PHRYMACEAE, 176.
POLEMONIACEAE, 154,

CuscuUTACEAE, 153.
CONVOLVULACEAE, 152.

PLANTAGINACEAE, 177.
ACANTHACEAE, 176.

SOLANACEAE, 166.
SCROPHULARIACEAE, 169.

KEY TO THE FAMILIES

Woody plants.

Ovary 4-several-celled ; fruit a berry.

Ovary 2-celled ; fruit a capsule.

2.
Flowers not in involucrate heads.

Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes.
Stamens as many as or more than the lobes

of the corolla.
Herbaceous vines.
Herbs or woody plants.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves opposite or whorled.
Fruit dry.
Fruit fleshy.
Flowers in involucrate heads.
Flowers all ligulate.
Flowers not all ligulate.
Stamens distinct.
Flowers greenish.
Flowers white.
Stamens united by their anthers.

xix

EBENACEAE,
BIGNONIACEAE, 175.

VALERIANACEAE, 181,

CUCURBITACEAE, 181.
CAMPANULACEAE, 182.

RUBIACEAE, 178.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE, 179.

CICHORIACEAE, 183.
AMBROSIACEAE, 186.

ComposiTAak( Kuhnia),188.
CoMPOSITAE, 188.

FLORA

OF

JACKSON COUNTY, MISSOURI.

Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA.

Spore-bearing plants containing woody tissue. Spore on germination
forming a flat green body (prothallus), on which are borne the sexual
organs, the antherids producing spermatozoids, and the archegones
odspheres. From the fertilization of the latter by the former the spore-
bearing stage is developed.

FamiIty 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Pres].
Sterile and fertile portions of frond dissimilar, erect in vernation.
Sporangia in spikes or panicles, opening by a transverse slit. Spores
numerous.

Sterile portion of frond entire. 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM.
Sterile portion of frond divided. 2. BOTRYCHIUM.

1. OPHIOGLOSSUM L.

Low plants from fleshy rootstocks. Sporangia coherent in two ranks
on edge of simple spike-like fertile portion of frond. Sterile portion
leaf-like, with numerous anastomosing veinlets.

1. O. Engelmanni Prantl. ADDER’s-TONGUE. Rootstock deep-
seated : sterile segment ovate to elliptic-oblong, mucronate, 2/-3/ long :
fertile segment about 1’ long, borne ona stalk 2/—4’ long.—In large colo-
nies in thin soil on limestone ledges throughout the southern portion.
June, July.

2. BOTRYCHIUM Sw.

Fertile portion of frond panicled. Sporangia separate and distinct.

Sterile portion much divided, fern-like.

Sterile frond thin ; the ultimate segments cut-toothed

at apex. 1. B. Virginianum.
Sterile frond thick ; the ultimate segments denticu-
late. 2. B. obliquum.

1. B. Virginianum (L.) Sw. RATTLe-sNakE FERN. Fronds 6/-3°
high: sterile segment sessile, borne above the middle of the plant, tri-
angular in outline, ternate, with divisions once to twice pinnatifid.—
Rather frequent in rich woods throughout. May, June.

1 1

2 POLYPODIACEAE

2. B. obliquum Muhl. GRAPE FERN. 87-12’ high: roots very
fleshy : sterile portion of frond long-stalked from near base of plant, ter-
nate: primary segments once or twice pinnatifid: ultimate segments
stalked, obliquely lanceolate.—Five plants in rich woods along the base
of the Missouri River bluffs in two stations near Sibley. Fall.

FamILy 2. OSMUNDACEAE R. Br.

Differs from PoLYPODIACEAE in the sporangia having no elastic ring
or very slight traces of one. Sterile and fertile portions of frond very
dissimilar. Fertile pinnae much contracted, bearing the sporangia on
the margins of the narrow segments.

1. OSMUNDA L.

Tall ferns growing in large clumps from thick rootstocks.

1. O. Claytoniana L. FLOWERING FERN. Fronds 2°-4° high, fer-
tile in the middle ; fertile pinnae 2-5 pairs, brownish at maturity, soon
withering away : sterile pinnae lanceolate in outline, deeply cleft into
oblong segments.—Occurs sparingly in moist sandy woods in the vicinity
of Sibley. May-June.

FAMILY 3. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br.

Sporangia having an elastic ring which splits open and discharges the
spores. Sporangia borne in clusters (sori) on the back or margins of the
frond. Rootstocks usually slender and horizontal. Sori covered by an
indusium, or naked.

Sterile and fertile fronds very dissimilar. 1, ONOCLEA.
Sterile and fertile fronds similar.
Indusium formed of margin of frond.
Indusium continuous around each segment. 10. PELLAEA.
Indusium not continuous around each segment. 9. ADIANTUM.
Indusium not formed from the frond margin.
Fronds white and powdery on lower surface. 11. NoTHOLAENA.
Fronds not white and powdery on lower sur-
face.
Sori linear in outline.

Fronds entire, rooting at apex. . CAMPTOSORUS.
Fronds pinnate.
Sori straight. ASPLENIUM.
Sori curved. . ATHYRIUM.

Sori round or roundish.
Fronds evergreen.
Bog berbs.
Fronds not evergreen and plants not grow-
ing in bogs.
Stipes chaffy ; fronds grandular-puberu- 2. Woopsta.
lent.
Stipes almost smooth: fronds smooth. 3. FILrx.

. POLYSTICHUM,
. DRYOPTERIS.

oe WO a

POLYPODIACEAE 3

1. ONOCLEA L.

Sporanges pedicelled, forming round sori, covered by the membranous
indusia, which are attached to the lower side of the sori. Fertile fronds
much contracted, the sterile leaf-like.

1. O. sensibilis L. SENSITIVE FERN. Sterile frond triangular in
outline, pinnatifid into lanceolate more or less sinuate-pinnatifid seg-
ments: fertile fronds bipinnate: pinnae roundish.—Rather rare in swampy
woods. Near Independence, Lake City, Courtney and Sibley. August—
October.

2. WOODSIA R. Br.

Sori borne on the back of the veins. Indusium attached by the base
all around the receptacle, early bursting at the top into irregular lobes.

1. W. obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. CHarry FERN. Fronds numerous,
4’-12/ long, lanceolate in outline: pinnae triangular-ovate, pinnately
parted with oblong irregularly cut-toothed segments : indusium splitting
into 5-7 broad segments acutely jagged at the apex.—Frequent through-
out the county on rocks. June-August.

3. PILIX Adans.

Delicate ferns with pinnate leaves and round sori borne on the back of
the veins. Indusium hood-shaped, attached by the base on the inner
side, 7. e., towards the middle of the frond, soon withering away.

1. F. fragilis (L.) Underw. Woop Fern. Stipe almost glabrous,
2’-8/ long, from a slender rootstock : frond about as long as stipe, broadly
lanceolate in outline: pinnae triangular-ovate, irregularly pinnatifid, the
pinnules cut-toothed : indusium acute at the free apex.—Our most com-
mon fern, abundant in rocky woods. Late fruiting plants growing on
shaded rocks occasionally develop a few chaffy bulblets in the axils of the
pinnae. Such forms have been found at Swope Park, along Brush Creek,
and near Courtney. May-September.

4. POLYSTICHUM Roth.

Fronds pinnate, bearing round sori on the back of the veins. Indusium
flattish, orbicular and peltate, fixed by the center.

1. P. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. CHristmAs FERN. Stipes
densely chaffy from a stout rootstock : fronds 10’~30/ long, simply pin-
nate, the rachis chaffy : pinnae slightly stalked, linear-lanceolate, serru-
late with bristly teeth, very oblique at base: sori borne on the upper
part of the fertile fronds, confluent: indusium orbicular and peltate,
fixed by the depressed center.—In rocky woods along the Missouri River
bluffs. .Not common. July—October.

4 POLY PODIACEAE

5. DRYOPTERIS Adans.

Differs from the last genus chiefly in having the cordate-reniform or
orbicular indusium fixed by the sinus.

1. D. Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray. Boa FERN. Rootstocks slender,
long, creeping, black: stipe smooth, 9’-20’ high: frond 9/-12/ long,
pinnate and slightly downy : pinnae 1/-2/ long, long-lanceolate in out-
line, pinnatifid into oblong lobes, each pinna bearing from 10-18 sori:
veinlets forking : indusium reniform.—In a bog along the foot of the
bluffs about two miles west of Sibley. July-August.

6. CAMPTOSORUS Link.

Low spreading ferns with undulate-margined fronds and linear sori
which are irregularly scattered on either side of the reticulated veinlets.
Indusium fixed lengthwise to the veinlet.

1. C. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. WaLkina FERN. Fronds ever-
green, thick, cordate at base, gradually narrowing into a long, slender
tip, which takes root and forms a new plant : sori numerous.—In dense
patches on moss-covered rocks in shady woods throughout, but nowhere
common. June-October.

7. ATHYRIUM Roth.

Fronds twice pinnate with oblong or linear sori oblique to the midvein.
Indusia curved, fixed lengthwise to inner side of vein.

1. A. Filix-foemina (L.) Roth. Lapy FERN. Fronds numerous,
from a rather stout rootstock, 8’-30’ long, oblong-lanceolate with about
twenty pairs of long-lanceolate pinnae : pinnae once pinnatifid, the seg-
ments incised.—A handsome symmetrical fern, locally common in sandy
woods west of Sibley. June-August.

8. ASPLENIUM L.

Fronds once pinnate. Sori linear or oblong, oblique to the midvein.
Indusia straight, fixed lengthwise to inner side of vein.

Pinnae entire : 1°-4° high. 1. A. angustifolium.
Pinnae variously incised : low ferns.
Sori few, not crowded. 2. A. parvulum.
Sori numerous, crowded. 3. A. platyneuron.

1. A. angustifolium Michx. TsaLL SpLEENWoRT. 2°-4° high:
pinnae 20-40 pairs, long-lanceolate, acuminate : sori crowded, covering
the lower surface of the pinnae.—Frequent in rich woods along the Mis-
souri River bluffs, especially west of Sibley. August-September.

2. A. parvulum Mart. & Gal. SMaLL SPLEENWoRT. Stipes tufted,
black, short: fronds oblong-linear, 4/-12’ long: pinnae 3//-5// long,
oblong, crenulate, auricled on the upper side: fruit dots one to seven
pairs on each pinna, midway between the midvein and the margin.—A
few plants were found in 1884 in a thicket on the bluffs near Courtney.
The station has since been destroyed. June-October.

SALVINIACEAE 5

3. A. platyneuron (L.) Oakes. EBony SPLEENWoRT. Resembles
the Jast, but with thinner and longer pinnae: sori 4-12 pairs, rather
crowded, nearer the midrib than the margin —On mossy rocks on the
bluffs at Courtney. Two stations, one of which has been destroyed.
There are but few plants at the other. July-November.

9. ADIANTUM L.

Fronds much divided. Sori marginal, covered by a reflexed and altered
portion of the pinnule, which serves as an indusium.

1. A.pedatum L. MAIDEN HAIR FERN. A very graceful fern, 9’-20/
high : fronds reniform in outline, forking at the top of the dark stipe,
each fork with 3-7 radiating pinnae, each pinna with from 10-40 alter-
nate, stalked pinnules: pinnules broadly triangular, entire along lower
margin, upper margin more or less cleft: sori usually five to each pin-
nule, borne along the upper margin.—Rather common in rich woods.
July—November. ’

10. PELLAEBA Link.

Sori marginal, at length forming a continuous marginal line, and
covered by the reflexed portion of the frond, which serves as the
indusium.

1. P. atropurpurea (L.) Link. CLirr BRAKE. 2/-12/ high: root-
stock densely chafty : stipe and rachis purplish-black, usually strongly
puberulent: fronds coriaceous, twice pinnate, ovate-lanceolate in outline :
pinnules 3//-12’’ long, oblong-linear, crenulate.—Rather common on
limestone rocks. June-September.

Var. Bushii Mackenzie, n. var. Stipe and rachis brownish-red, but
slightly hairy : fronds thinnish, simply pinnate above, the lower pinnae
ternate or rarely quinate.—Dry rocks at Swope Park.

11. NOTHOLAENA BR. Br.

Fronds pinnate. Sori roundish, marginal, at first covered with the
inflexed margin of the pinnules, but with no proper indusium.

1. N. nivea dealbata (Pursh) Davenp. POWDERY CLIFF BRAKE.
A small, densely tufted fern, 1/-4’ high: stipe, rachis and branches
brown and shining: fronds triangular-ovate in outline, 3-4-pinnate:
‘ultimate segments 1/’’ long, usually entire.—In clefts of limestone rocks
throughout the western and southern parts. Not uncommon. June-
September.

Famity 4. SALVINIACEAE Reichenb.

Small floating plants with elongated, often branching axis and two-
ranked leaves, having two or more thin-walled, 1-celled sporocarps on a
common stalk. Sporocarps with a central receptacle bearing macrospo-
ranges containing one macrospore, or microsporanges containing numerous
microspores.

6 ISOETACEAE

1. AZOLLA Lam.
Minute moss-like water plants with pinnately branching stems and
imbricated leaves. Sporocarps of two kinds, in pairs in the axils.
1. A. Carolintana Willd. Plants reddish or greenish, 6’” or less
high : leaves minute, with ovate lobes at the base.—In ponds at Ather-
ton, Lake City and Sibley. Common at times. July—October.

FAaMILy 5. EQUISETACEAE Michx.

Rush-like often branching herbs, with hollow, jointed, striate stems,
bearing sheaths at the joints. Sporanges 1-celled, borne underneath the
shield-shaped scales of the terminal cone-like spike. Spores all similar,
numerous, each provided with four ligule-like appendages.

1. EQUISETUM L.
Characters of the family.

Stems 13° or less high.

Sheaths of sterile stems 4-toothed. 1. E. arvense.

Sheaths of sterile stems 5-10-toothed. 2. E. variegatum.
Stems 2°-10° high.

Stems slender. 3. E. hyemale.

Stems robust. 4. E. robustum.

1. BH. arvense L. HoRrseE-TaIL. Fertile stems without chlorophyll,
preceding the sterile, unbranched : sheaths about five, 7/’/-8’’ long, white.
bearing twelve brown acuminate teeth : fructification about 1/ long,
cylindric : sterile stems green, slender, branched : branches four-angular.
—Common on wet banks, the fertile stems appearing in April.

2. EB. variegatum Schleich. SLENDER ScOURING-RUSH. Stems tufted,
all with chlorophyll, slender, 5-10-grooved : sheaths partly black.—
Muddy sand-bars along the Missouri River. Common at times. Never
collected in fruit here.

3. EH. hyemale L. CoMMoNn ScoURING-RUSH. Stems unbranched, the
numerous ridges each bearing two lines of tubercles : sheaths short, with
a black ring at base and a black base to the caducous teeth : fructifica-
tion less than 6’” long.—Of rare occurrence on wet banks along the Mis-
souri River at Courtney.

4. BE. robustum R. Br. Stour ScouRING-RusH. Like the preceding,
but very robust, the ridges of the stem each bearing one line of tubercles.
—Very common in bottoms, especially along the Missouri River.

- FamILy 6. ISOETACEAE Underw.

Rush-like herbs with numerous linear awl-shaped leaves from a subter-
ranean rather small trunk. Sporanges sessile in the axils of the leaves,
rather large, orbicular or ovoid and plano-convex, partly covered by a
fold from the inner side of the leaf-blade (the velum), the outer bearing
macrospores, the inner microspores.

TYPHACEAE 7

1. ISOETES L.
Characters of the family.

1. I. melanopoda J. Gay. QuUILLWoRT. Leaves 10-60, 4/-12’ long,
slender and keeled, black and shining at base.—Low prairies which are
wet in spring, but dryin summer. Near Lake Cityand Dodson. Local.
May-July.

Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA.

Plants producing true seeds, formed from the fertilization of the ovules
by the pollen.

’

Cuass I. GYMNOSPERMAE.

Ovules not enclosed in an ovary.

Famity 7. PINACEAE Lindl.

Resinous trees with awl-shaped entire leaves. Stamens and ovules
borne in separate aments. Perianth none.

1. JUNIPERUS L.

Evergreens with verticillate or opposite leaves and dioecious flowers
in small globose aments. Each scale in the pistillate ament bearing a
single erect ovule. Cotyledons two. Fruit berry-like.

1. J. Virginiana L. Rep Cepar. Usually a large tree: leaves of
two kinds, opposite, either awl-shaped and spiny-tipped or scale-like,
imbricate, appressed and four-ranked : berries blue.—Young trees a few
inches high occasionally occur in rocky woods throughout the western
portion. There are also a few large trees north and west of Lee’s Summit.
April.

Cuass II. ANGIOSPERMAE.

Ovules borne in an ovary.

Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Embryo with one cotyledon. Leaves usually parallel-veined. Parts
of the flowers in threes.

Famity 8. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil.

Marsh plants with long, linear, nerved and sessile leaves. Flowers
monoecious in dense terminal spikes, staminate uppermost. Perianth
parts formed of bristles. Stamens 2-7 with connate filaments. Ovary
1-2-celled with as many styles, stipitate. Fruit nut-like, usually one-
seeded.

8 NAIADACEAE

1. TYPHA L. Cart-TAIL.

Possessing the family characteristics as given above.

Staminate and pistillate flowers separated. 1. 7. angustifolia.
Staminate and pistillate flowers not separated. 2. T. latifolia.

1. T. angustifolia L. Like the next but with narrower leaves and
spikes: pollen grains single.—Ponds near Courtney and Independence-
Rare. June-July.

2 T. Jatifolia L. 3°-10° high: leaves 3’”-10” broad : staminate and
pistillate portion of spike contiguous, each from 3/-12/ long, and often an
inch or more in diameter: pollen grains in fours.—Swampy grounds
throughout the county. Often common. June.

Famity 9. SPARGANIACEAE Agardh.

Marsh plants with general aspect of the last family but flowers in
widely separated heads in a branching inflorescence. Staminate heads
uppermost, conspicuously white. Perianth formed of from 3-6 irregular
scales. Filaments usually five, distinct. Ovary sessile, 1-2-celled, with
as many styles. Fruit usually 1-celled, very hard.

1. SPARGANIUM L.
Characters of the family.

Fruit truncate at apex. 1. S. euryearpum.
Fruit tapering at apex. 2. S. androcladum.

1. S. eurycarpum Engelm. Big BuR-REED. Stems 2°-8° high, with
long, slightly keeled, flat leaves: pistillate heads 2-6, 10’’-16” in diam-
eter at maturity: nutlets sessile, broad and truncate, many-angled.—
Locally abundant. In swamps at Lake City, Buckner, and west of Sib-
ley. June.

2. S. androcladum (Engelm.) Morong. SLENDER BUR-REED. Re-
sembles the last but smaller throughout: nutlets stalked, fusiform.—Wet
grounds three miles west of Sibley. Local. June.

Famizy 10. NAITADACEAE Lindl.

Aquatic herbs with leafy stems and perfect or unisexual flowers.
Perianth of four segments or wanting. Stamens 1-4, hypogynous and
distinct in the fertile flowers, and with extrorse anthers. Ovaries one or
four, one-ovuled.

Flowers perfect, ovaries four. 1. PoTAMOGETON.
Flowers not perfect, ovary one. 2. NAIAs.

1. POTAMOGETON L. PoNDWEED.

Herbs floating in still water or growing in the mud with two ranked
alternate or imperfectly opposite leaves. Flowers borne on usually
emersed spikes. Sepals, stamens and pistils four each. Sepals rounded

‘ ALISMACEAE 9

and sessile with stamens inserted on their base. Pistils one-celled and
one-seeded, forming hard nutlets in fruit.

Leaves all submersed and similar. 1. P. folivsus.
Floating leaves different from the submersed.
Submersed leaves linear. 2. P. Spirillus.
Submersed leaves lanceolate or broader. 3. P. Lonchites.

1. P. foliosus Raf. Stems much branched, 2°-3° long: leaves linear,
1—3-nerved, 1/-2/ long, 1’’ wide: spikes 1-14-flowered : fruit roundish,
strongly keeled, the keel irregularly sinuate-dentate.—Hiffner’s Lake
near Atherton. June-July.

2. P. Spirillus Tuckerm. Larger floating leaves 9’7-16’’ long, 3’’-8/”
wide, longer than the slightly dilated petioles, strongly 7~-14-nerved :
submersed leaves 1/—2’ long, 3’” wide: submersed spikes short-pedicelled,
capitately 4-10-flowered : fruit nearly 1/” long, keeled on the back, with
4-5 teeth or wingless.—Ponds along the Little Blue River between
Atherton and Glendale ; Grain Valley. May-July.

3. P. Lonchites Tuckerm. Floating leaves pointed at both ends,
more or less elliptical in outline, 2’-4’ long, 12’”7-20’” wide : submersed
leaves reticulated, lanceolate, thin, 9’-13’ long, 6’7-12’’ wide: spikes
1/-2’ long, cylindrical, heavily fruited: fruit keeled.—Common ina
pond near Sheffield, in Fish Lake, and in Hiffner’s Lake. June-August.

2. NATAS L.

Slender submerged aquatics with opposite spinulose toothed sessile
leaves. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, axillary, solitary and sessile.
Sterile flower consisting of a single stamen inclosed in a double perianth,
the pistillate of a single naked ovary. Fruit small and sessile.

1. N. flexilis ( Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Delicate and slender with
minutely serrulate linear leaves about 1’ long and 1/” wide: sheaths
conspicuous, minutely toothed: seeds obscurely sculptured.—In the
pond north of Sheffield. Rare. June-July.

Famizy 11. ALISMACEAE DC.

Marsh herbs with racemose-paniculate flowers on scapes. Petals and
sepals three each, the former white. Stamens six or more. Ovaries
numerous, one-celled, one-ovuled. Fruit an achene. Roots fibrous.
Leaves numerous, all radical, and long-petioled.

Flowers perfect.

Stamens six, leaves lanceolate. i, ALISMA.
Stamens twelve, leaves usually cordate. 2. EcCHINODORUS.
Stamens 9-15, leaves sagittate. 3. LOPHOTOCARPUS,

Flowers not perfect. 4, SAGITTARIA.

10 ALISMACEAE

1. ALISMA L.

Flowers rather small, on three-bracteolate pedicels. Numerous ovaries
in a single whorl on a flat receptacle. Achenes flat, ribbed on the back
and sides.

1. A. Plantago L. WatTER PLANTAIN. Leaves ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, 3-10-nerved: panicle compound, many-flowered, 8’-2° high.—
Abundant in the pond north of Sheffield, at Lake City, Fish Lake and
Hiffner’s Lake. June-September.

2. ECHINODORUS Rich.

Inflorescence usually somewhat branched, bearing the pedicelled
flowers in whorls of 3-6. Ovaries many, capitate, on a large convex
receptacle. Achenes ribbed and beaked, forming spinose heads.

1. BE. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Bur-HEAD. Leaves of two kinds, the
emersed thick, broadly ovate, cordate at base, the blade 6’-8’ long, and
nearly as wide: the submersed leaves smaller, thin and often pellucid,
lance-ovate and rounded at base: scape erect, 1°-3° high.—Often com-
mon in swamps and ditches in the Missouri River bottoms. June-Sep-
tember.

Var. lanceolatus (Engelm.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. A low
form not more than 6’ high with narrowly lanceolate leaves acute at
base, and a small panicle bearing few heads.— Hiffner’s Lake near Ather-
ton. July. (£. rostratus var. lanceolatus Engelm. )

3. LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand.

Verticels few-flowered, the lower flowers perfect, the upper staminate.
Sepals inclosing fruit. Pistils numerous. Achenes winged.

1. L. calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. FAnse# ARROW-HEAD.
Scape 3/-15’ high, shorter than the leaves, at length “decumbent :
flowers borne on long pedicels, the fertile pedicels recurved: leaves
broadly sagittate or hastate, the lobes widely spreading.—Uncommon on
wet sand-bars along the Missouri River, but abundant in the pond north
of Sheffield, and at Hiffner’s Lake. July—October.

4. SAGITTARIA L. ARROW-HEAD.

Much like the last. Lower flowers pistillate, the upper staminate.
Sepals reflexed or spreading in fruit. Stamens usually numerous, cover-
ing the convex receptacle. Rootstocks bearing large tubers which often
completely cover the bottoms of swamps where these plants are numerous.

Fruiting heads sessile. 2. S. rigida.
Fruiting heads pedicelled.
Leaf-blades sagittate. 1. S. latifolia.

Leaf-blades lanceolate. 3. S. graminea.

GRAMINEAE 11

1. S. latifolia Willd. Scape 3’-4° high: filaments glabrous : achene
about 1/’ long, winged on both margins with a long horizontal beak :
leaves in our plant usually large and broad.—Common throughout in
ponds and along streams. June-October.

2. S.rigida Pursh. Scape weak, shorter than the leaves, the latter
lance-oval, entire or with one or two basal lobes: fertile flowers sessile :
pedicels of sterile flowers 1/ or less long : filaments glandular-pubescent :
achenes long-beaked.—Common in ponds at Lake City, Sheffield, and
Atherton. June-September.

3. S. graminea Michx. 1° high: leaves long-petioled, often blade-
less: flowers all pedicelled : flaments pubescent: achene less than 1/’
long, slightly winged, short-beaked.—Common in ponds at Lake City,
Sheffield, and Atherton. June-September.

FamiLty 12. VALLISNERIACEAE Dumort.

Aquatic herbs with regular dioecious flowers from a spathe. Perianth
segments in fertile flowers adherent at base to ovary. Ovary 1-celled
with three parietal placentae. Indehiscent fruit ripening under water.

1. PHILOTRIA Raf.

Branching very leafy stems submersed. Leaves 1-nerved, sessile,
pedicelled. Flowers sessile, from a 2-cleft spathe. Perianth segments
six. Sterile flowers minute, with 9 stamens, breaking off and floating on
the surface of the water. Pistillate flowers with a very long capillary
tube, floating. Stigmas 3, two-lobed.

1. P. Canadensis (Michx.) Britton. WaATER-WEED. Leaves 2//-7/’
long, opposite or verticillate, serrulate.—In Fish Lake and in ponds
along the Little Blue north of Glendale. June.

FamILy 13. GRAMINEAE Juss.

A large and very important order of herbaceous plants with (usually)
hollow stems closed at the joints. Leaves sheathing. Inflorescence very
varied, consisting of spikelets formed of flowers solitary in the axils of
two-ranked scales, called glumes. Lowerglumesempty. Upper glumes
containing flowers which are usually enveloped in a thin scale, called the
palet. Flowers perfect or imperfect. Stamens usually three. Ovary
one-celled, one-ovuled. Styles two. Fruit a seed-like grain.

I.

Spikelets 1-2-flowered. Rachis articulated
below the glumes, so that the spikelets
break off as a whole.
Flowers monoecious.
Fertile spikelets imbedded in the thick
rachis. 1. TRIPSACUM.
Flowers panicled, pedicelled. 11. ZIZANIA.

12 GRAMINEAE

Flowers perfect, staminate or wanting.
Spikelets much flattened laterally.
Spikelets not much flattened laterally.

Flowering glume with a short hooked
awn.
Flowering glume long-awned.
Inflorescence spike-like.
Flowers long-silky.
Flowers not silky.
Inflorescence panicled.
Flower with two plumose pedicels
at base.
Flower without plumose pedicels
at base.
Flowering glume not awned.
Flowers in open panicles.
Flowers in spikes.
Spikelets subtended by an invo-
lucre.
Involucre spiny.
Involucre consisting of bristles.
Spikelets not subtended by an in-
volucre.
Rachis produced beyond upper-
most spikelet.
Rachis wider than spikes.
Rachis not wider than spikes.
Rachis not produced beyond up-
permost spikelet.
Spikelets obovate, with cari-
nate glumes.
Spikelets plano-convex, not
carinate.
Spikelets obtuse.
Spikelets acute.
Spikes digitate at top of
culm.
Spikes not digitate.

II.

Spikelets 1-many-flowered. Rachis articu-
lated above the two lower glumes, so
that they remain when the flower breaks
off.

Spikelets not arranged in rows.
Spikelets with one perfect flower.
Spikelets with two or more perfect flow-
ers.
Spikelets in two rows in one-sided spikes.
Spikelets in two rows on opposite sides of
a spike.

A.

Flowers three-awned.
Flowers awnless or one-awned.
Panicle open, not spike-like.

15.

. HOMALOCENCHRUS.

. Houcvus.

. ANDROPOGON.
. PANICUM.

. SORGHASTRUM.
. SORGHUM.

. PANICUM.

. CENCHRUS.
. CHAETOCHLOA.

. PASPALUM.
. SPARTINA.

. BECKMANNIA.

. PASPALUM.

. SYNTHERISMA.
. ERIOCHLOA.

oS OW >

ARISTIDA.

GRAMINEAE

Flowers (not outer glumes) long-
hairy at base.
Flowering glumes short-awned.
Flowering glumes not awned.
Flowers not long-hairy at base.
Flowering glume long-awned.
Awn very long, twisted.
Awn long, flexuose.
Awn very capillary.
Flowering glume not long-awned.
Spikelets flattened, bearing an
awn 3/ long.
Spikelets not flattened and awn-
less.
Third scale longer than first.
Third scale shorter than first.
Panicle spike-like.
Flowering glumes not awned.
Glumes five, the third and fourth
very small.
Glumes three.
Empty glumes obliquely trun-
cate.
Empty glumes acute.
Flowering glumes thinner than
empty glumes.
Flowering glumes thicker than
empty glumes.
Flowering glumes awned.
Spikes compound.

Spikes simple.
Glumes five; sweet-smelling
grass.
Glumes three ; not sweet-smell-
ing.

B.

Tall reeds with rachis and flowers long-vil-
lous.
Not tall reeds and rachis and flowers not
long-villous.
Flowering glume awned from the middle.
Spikelets less than 6’’ long.
Spikelets more than 6’ long.

Flowering glume awnless or awned from

the apex.
Flowering glume toothed or lobed at
apex.
Spikelets sessile.
Spikelets pedicelled.
Flowering glume not toothed or lobed
at apex.
Flowering glumes 3-nerved.
Glumes thick and coriaceous ; pan-
icle few- flowered.
Glumes not thick and coriaceous ;
panicles many-flowered.

24,
25.

16.
18.
26.

22.

21.
23.

13.

19.

21.
17.
17.

14.
20.

36.

28.
29.

* 38.
37.

43,

13

CALAMAGROSTIS.
CALAMOVILFA.

STIPA.
BRACHYELYTRUM.
APERA.

CINNA.

SPOROBOLUS.
AGROSTIS.

PHALARIS.

PHLEUM.

SPOROBOLUS.
MUHLENBERGIA.

MUHLENBERGIA.

ANTHOXANTHUM.

ALOPECURUS.

PHRAGMITES.

TRISETUM.
AVENA.

DIPLACHNE.
SIEGLINGIA.

KorycaRpPus,

14 GRAMINEAE

Empty glumes very dissimilar in

outline. 40.
Empty glumes similar in out-
line.
Panicle spike-like. 41.
Panicle open. 39.
Flowering glumes 5-many-nerved.
Glumes papery. 42.

Glumes not papery.
Glumes strongly keeled.
Glumes awned. 46.
Glumes not awned.
Large spikelets in drooping

panicles. 44,
Spikelets erect.

Plants dioecious. 45.

Plants not dioecious. 47.

Glumes rounded on back.
Flowering glume awned.
Spikelets strongly pedicel-

led. 50.
Spikelets nearly sessile. 49.

Flowering glume awnless, ob-
tuse and scarious at apex. 48.

Flowering glume awnless, acute
at apex. 49.

C.

Spikes digitate. 34.

Spikes not digitate.
Spikelets with two or more perfect

flowers. 35.
Spikelets with one perfect flower.
Spikes long and very slender. 31.
Spikes short and broad. 32.
D.
Spikes one to each joint of the rachis.
Placed edgewise on the rachis. 51.
Placed flatwise on the rachis. 52.
Spikelets two or more to each joint of the
rachis.
Empty glumes waiting. 55.
Empty glumes present.
Spikelets all perfect. 54,
Spikelets three at each joint, the lat-
eral ones sterile. 53.

1. TRIPSACUM L.

EATONIA.
KogLeERIA.
ERAGROSTIS.

MELIOA.

DACcTYLIs.

UNIOLA.

DISTICHLIS.
Poa.

BRomus.
FESTUCA.

PANICULARIA.

FESTUCA.

ELEUSINE.

LEPTOCHLOA.

SCHEDONNARDUS.
BOUTELOUA.

LoLium.
AGROPYRON.
HYSTRIX.
ELYMUS.

HorpeEum.

Tall perennial grasses with monoecious flowers in jointed spikes which
are staminate above and pistillate below. Staminate spikes two-flow-
ered, in pairs at each node. Glumes four, the outer coriaceous, the inner
thin. Pistillate spikelets one-flowered, deeply imbedded in the thick

rachis. Stigmas conspicuous, purple.

GRAMINEAE 15

1. T. dactyloides L. Gama Grass. 4°-8° high, bearirg 1-3 spikes
at the summit, as well as some from the upper axils: leaves broad and
flat.—Common throughout in wet places, especially in prairie swales.
June-July.

2. ANDROPOGON L. BR0oM-GRAss.

Perennials, bearing spikelets in pairs at each joint of the rachis, one of
them perfect and sessile with four glumes, the lower thick, the second
acute and carinate, the upper two thin. Flowering glume more or less
awned. The other spikelet pedicelled and sterile.

Spikes not in pairs or clustered. 1. A. seoparius,
Spikes in pairs or digitate.
Hairs on rachis internodes 1’ long. 2. A. furcatus.
Hairs on rachis internodes 13’’-2’/ long. 3. A. chrysocomus.
Spikes densely clustered. 4. A. Torreyanus.

1. A. scoparius Michx. 1°-4° high: spikes peduncled, numerous,
hairy with long dull white hairs: sterile spikelet an awn-pointed scale:
awn of fertile spikelet about 5’’-6/” long.—Common in open rocky woods
and prairies, especially in the southern part. July-September.

2. A. furcatus Muhl. Tall, 3°-6° high: spikes 2-5, approximate at
the summit: hairs on the rachis and pedicels short: sterile spikelet stam-
inate, with four scales: awn of fertile spikelet 5’’-7’” long, bent.—Com-
mon in similar situations, and usually with the last. July-September.

3. A.chrysocomus Nash. Closely resembles the last, but outer scales
of sessile spikelets smooth except on nerves (hispidulous in A. furcatus),
and rachis hairs longer aud usually yellow.—lIn similar situations as the
last. August—October.

4. A. Torreyanus Steud. 2°-4° high: spikes numerous, in a terminal,
spicate panicle: hairs of spikelet long, white: sterile spikelet scale-like:
awn of fertile spikelet 4-6’ long, bent.— Well adventized in one locality
at Sheffield ; also near Red Bridge. June-September.

3. SORGHASTRUM Nash.

Tall perennials with spikelets in pairs or threes in an open panicle, the
middle one sessile and perfect with four scales, the outer thick and shin-
ing. Lateral flowers pedicelled, reduced to plumose pedicels.

1. S. avenaceum (Michx.) Nash. INDIAN GRass. 3°-6° high:
panicle branches erect spreading : spikelets yellowish or brownish, hairy :
awn twisted, 5-10” long, the column not bent.—In dry open soil,
throughout. Probably includes two species with us. August-September.

4. SORGHUM Pers.

Spikelets two together, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicelled,
sterile. Perfect spikelet with four scales, the fourth awned.

16 GRAMINEAE

1. S. Halepense (L.) Pers. JOHNSON-GRASS. 3°-5° high: leaves
long and broad : panicle often 1° long : outer glumes of spikelets pubes-
cent.—Frequently adventized along railroads.—June-September.

5. PASPALUM L.

Spikelets in 2-4 rows in one-sided spikes, awnless, plano-convex, very
shortly pedicelled. Glumes three. Spike one to many.

‘

Rachis winged, spikes 20 or more. 1. P. mucronatum.
Rachis not winged, spikes one to three.
Culms erect. 2. P. Bushii.
Culms reclining. 3. P. Muhlenbergii.

1. P. mucronatum Muhl. Annual: culms decumbent or ascending :
rachis of spikes broadly winged, incurved, partly inclosing the spikelets,
tapering to an acute point: spikelets in two rows, pubescent, rather
pointed.—Along Sni-a-bar Creek about three miles south of Grain Valley.
August-October.

2. P. Bushii Nash. Culms 2°-3° high, erect: leaves densely short
soft-pubescent on both sides : racemes in twos or threes : spikelets 1’’ long,
the empty scales pubescent.—Occasional in sandy grounds, especially in
the Missouri bottoms, Often appearsas if adventized. August-October.

3. P. Muhlenbergil Nash. Resembles the last but culms reclining :
leaves sparsely pubescent with long hairs: racemes solitary or in twos and
spikelets glabrous.—In a field near Roanoke, Kansas City. August-
October.

6. HRIOCHLOA H B.K.

Perennial grasses with flowers in panicled spikes. Spikelets with a
callus at base. Glumes three, the two outer acute and membranous, the
shorter inner one obtuse and hardened.

1. EB. punctata (L.) O. Hamilt. Dorrzp MILLET. Ascending culms
13° high, bearing 4-15 spikes, the latter 17-2’ long: spikelets hairy, about
2’ long.—Occasional in the railroad yards at Sheffield. July-August.

7. SYNTHERISMA Walt.

Annual grasses with flowers in spikes, approximate at the summit of
the culm. Spikelet awnless and pointless with four scales, the lowest
minute or wanting.

Rachis three-angled, not winged. 1. S. filiformis.
Rachis flat, winged.
Sheaths and leaves glabrous. 2. &. linearis.
Sheaths and leaves more or less pubescent. 3. S. sanguinalis.

1. S. filiformis (L.) Nash. SLENDER CRaB-aRass. Erect slender
culms 1°-3° high : spikes 2-8, erect, filiform, 2’-5’ long: spikelets 3/’
long : lower glumes wanting.—Occasionally occurs in dry soil throughout
the southern part. August-October.

GRAMINEAE 17

2. S. linearis (Krock.) Nash. SmMooTH CRAB-GRASS. Culms decum-
bent: leaves short, 1’-3’ long, glabrous: spikes 2-6: spikelets 1’” long:
first glume wanting : second glume as long as flowering one, hairy.—Com-
mon in sandy fields, especially along the Missouri River. July—October.

3. S. sanguinalis (L.) Dulac. CrAB-GRass. Culms erect, ascending
or spreading, 1°-3° long: leaves 2’-6’ long: spikes 3-12, spreading:
spikelets 14’” long : lowest glume present : second glume half as long as
the flowering one.—Growing everywhere in fields. July—October.

8. PANICUM L. PANIc GRAss.

Spikelets with one pistillate and sometimes one additional staminate
flower. Glumes four, the three lower membranous, the two lower empty, .
the third usually empty or sometimes bearing a staminate flower. Fourth
scale thick and shiny, inclosing a similar palet.

Some or all the flowers awned. 1. P. Crus-Gallt.
Flowers never awned.
All Jeaves similar ; panicle elongated. A.
Basal leaves shorter and broader than the culm
leaves ; panicle short. B.
A.
Smooth throughout.
Spikelets 2”” long. 12. P. virgatum.
Spikelets 1/”-14’’ long or less. 14. P. proliferum.
Spikelets 3/’ long. 2. P. agrostoides.
More or less pubescent, especially the lower
sheaths.
Spikelets 2’ long or more. 13. P. miliaceum.
Spikelets 13’ long or less.
Panicle bearded in the axils. 17, P. cognatum.
Panicle not bearded in the axils.
Culms stout and much branched. 15. P. capillare.
Culms slender, branching only from base. 16. P. flesile.
B.
Culm leaves long and linear. 11. P. perlongum.
Culm leaves lanceolate or broader.
Spikelets 1/’ long or less.
Leaves almost glabrous. 8. P. sphaerocarpon.
Leaves pubescent.
Axis of panicle long-pilose. 10. P. lanuginosum.
Axis of panicle almost smooth. 9. P. unciphyllum.
Spikelets more than 1’ long.
Culm leaves broad and-clasping at base.
Sheaths papillose-hispid. 5. P. clandestinum.
Sheaths not papillose-hispid.
Sheaths hairy. 3. P. Porterianum.
Sheaths glabrous. 4. P. macrocarpon.
Culm leaves lanceolate, hardly clasping at
base.
Spikelets nearly glabrous. 6. P. Scribnerianum.
Spikelets very hairy. 7. P. Liebergii.

1. P. Crus-Galli L. BAarRwyarD Grass. A coarse grass 1°-5°
high, with long rough leaves: spikelets imbricated, making the 5-15
2

18 GRAMINEAE

panicle branches appear spike-like: spikelets hispid.—Common in
ditches and waste places. An occasional form is almost awnless. June—
October.

2. P. agrostoides Spreng. Flat culms erect, 2°-3° high, branching :
panicles 3/-5’ long: primary panicle-branches spreading, secondary ap-
pressed : spikelets numerous, crowded, #/’ long: second and third scales
equal, twice as long as the first, and longer than the fourth. Our plant
is provided with long capillary involucral hairs at the base of the spike-
let.—In swampy grounds. Near Adams (rare) and at Fish Lake.
July-September.

3. P. Porterianum Nash. 1°-3° high: larger leaves 4’ long and 1/
wide, cordate-clasping at base, more or less hairy : nodes barbed : sheaths
hairy : panicle 2’—4’ long, with ascending branches: spikelets 13’’ long
or more, hairy.—Frequent in rich woods. May-July.

4. P. macrocarpon Le Conte. Like the last, but nodes not barbed,
sheaths glabrous, and leaves not hairy, but ciliate: spikelets more in-
flated.—Frequent in rich woods. May-July.

5. P. clandestinum L. 2°-5° high: sheaths very papillose-hispid :
spikelets about 13’ long, smoothish : second and third scales plainly
9-nerved. In damp thickets. Not uncommon. May-July.

6. P. Scribnerianum Nash. 1°-2° high, growing in clumps: leaves
spreading, 2/-4’ long, 3’’-4’” wide, rough: sheaths papillose-hispid :
culms and panicle smooth : panicle open, 2’-3’ long, 17-2’ wide.—Com-
mon in dry woods. May-July.

7. P. Liebergii (Vasey) Scribn. Resembles the last but is more
slender and with ascending leaves, hairy beneath : sheaths very pubes-
cent: panicle much exserted, 2/-3’ long: spikelets about 14/’ long,
noticeably pubescent.—Common on prairies near Lee’s Summit. Also
at Buckner. May-June.

8. P. sphaerocarpon El. Culms 4’-10’ high, at length much-
branched, smooth : leaves 13/-3/ long, 2//-3/’ wide, smooth or sparingly
long-ciliate at the clasping base: sheaths ciliate on margin: primary
panicle 2’ long, much exserted: spikelets glabrous, 14/” long.—Sandy
woods southeast of Grain Valley. June-July.

9. P.unciphyllum Trin. Culms 6-10’ high, at length much-
branched : leaves 2’-3’ long, 2’’-3’ wide, papillose-hairy on both sides
and long-ciliate: sheaths and culms long-hairy and nodes densely
bearded: primary panicle 1/-2/ jong, little or not at all peduncled:
spikelets less than 1’” long, pubescent.—On dry prairies south of Lee’s
Summit, and in dry woods at Swope’s Park. May-June.

10. P. lanuginosum Ell. Culms 12’-18’ high: leaves 14/-3/ long,
2//-4/’ wide, bairy and sparingly ciliate: sheaths, culm and main
branches of the panicle long-hairy: panicle 1}/-3’ long: spikelets BOL
long, pubescent.—Common in dry woods throughout. May-J uly.

GRAMINEAE 19

11. P. perlongum Nash. A densely tufted perennial with smooth
culmsand hairy, long-linear leaves : primary panicle long-exserted, longer
than the leaves, few-flowered : secondary panicle 4-8-flowered on short
culms almost hidden by bases of the leaves: spikelets 13’” long, nearly
smooth.—On dry rocky slopes on the prairie between Greenwood and
Lee’s Summit. Notcommon. May-June.

12. P. virgatum L. 2°-5° high: panicle 6’-18’ long, with numer-
ous ascending branches, at length ‘spreading or drooping: spikelets
2/’-23’’ long: second scale very sharp pointed.—Frequent throughout
in low, usually sandy ground. July-September.

13. P. miliaceum L. MILLET. Stout culms 1°-2° high: leaves
5’-6’ long with papillose-hispid sheath: panicle 4’-6’ long, dense, more
or less included.—Sparingly adventive along the railroads at Sheffield
and Courtney. July-August.

14. P. proliferum Lam. Culms erect to decumbent, geniculate,
2°-5° high: pyramidal panicle 4’-20’ long with numerous spreading
branches which are flower-bearing for about two-thirds their length:
spikelets 1” long, green or purplish. Common along ponds and river
banks, and one of the commonest of weedy grasses along the streets of
Kansas City and other cities in the county. August-October.

15. P. capillare L. Witch Grass. Culms 6’—4° high, erect or de-
cumbent and often very geniculate: sheaths, culms and leaves very
hairy : terminal panicle at first included, at length exserted and widely
spreading, 6’-14’ long with capillary branches.—Common in waste
grounds, corn fields, etc. July- October.

16. P. flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. Closely resembling the last, but
the leaves are narrower, smoother and more erect, the culm is strictly
erect, and the branches of the long, ovoid panicle are ascending and not
spreading.—In dry grounds thronghout. Not uncommon. July-Oc-
tober.

17. P. cognatum Schultes. Culms decumbent, about 1° high : lower
sheaths and axils of the panicle hairy, otherwise smooth: leaves 1/-¥
long, 2/’ wide : panicle 3’-8’ long, ovoid in outline: branches capillary
and few-flowered, often 2’ long and but 1-flowered : spikelets 1}/” long. —
Sparingly introduced along the railroad at Courtney and Kansas City.
July—October.

9. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn.

Annuals. Spikelets as in Panicum, but with from one to several
bristles on the rachis below the point of attachment of the spikelet, the
bristles therefore persistent. July-September.

Bristies downwardly barbed. 1. C. verticillata,
Bristles upwardly barbed.

Spikes 4’ or more long, }’-2’ thick, noticeably com-
pound. 4. C. Italica.

20 GRAMINEAE

Spikes 34/ or less long, 3/ or less thick, not notice-
ably compound.

Spikes yellow, very erect and closely flowered. 3. C. glauca.
Spikes green, less closely flowered and more
nodding. 2. C. viridis.

1. C. verticillata (L.) Scribn. FoxrarL. 1°-2° high, with a pale
green spike 2/-3/ long: bristles one or two to each flower, slightly ex-
ceeding the spikelet.—Waste places in Independence. Uncommon.

2. C. glauca (L.) Scribn. YELLow Foxrarn. 1°-4° high, the
slightly flexuous tawny yellow spike 1/-4’ long: bristles 6-11 to each
spikelet, much longer than the spikelet: first scale shorter than the
second: third and fourth scales equal, longer than the second : fourth
scale transversely rugose.—Extremely abundant in waste places, corn-
fields, along railroads and the like.

3. C. viridis (L.) Scribn. GReeN FoxtTarL. Closely resembles the
last, but the green spikes are more nodding and less closely flowered,
and the bristles are fewer in number : the first scale one-third the length
of the other three, which are about equal in length : fourth scale striate
lengthwise and pitted.—Growing with the last and about as common.

4. C. Italica (L.) Scribn. Mivier. 2°-5° high with a large com-
pound spike, 4’-8’ long, 10-15” broad, usually interrupted at base:
bristles 2-3: spikelets much as in the last: heads nodding or erect.—
Occasionally escaped into waste lots and along railroads.

Var. Germanica (Mill.) Scribn. HuNnGARIAN GRass. Smaller than
the species : spikes about 6’” broad : bristles usually purplish.—In simi-
lar situations as the type.

10. CENCHRUS L.

Spikelets awnless ; as in Panicum, but several are enclosed together ina
horridly spiny involucre. Involucres forming an interrupted terminal
spike.

1. C. tribuloides L. Bur-Grass. A decumbent annual, 8/-20’ high :
spikes about 2’ long, with 8-20 two-flowered heads: involucres pubes-
cent, covered all over with short stout barbed spines.—A troublesome
weed, often common in sandy grounds along the Missouri River. July-
October. :

11. ZIZANIA L.

A tall aquatic with monoecious flowers in a terminal panicle. Upper
flowers pistillate and erect, long-awned, the lower staminate and droop-
ing, unawned. Glumes two. Stamens six.

1. Z. aquatica L. WILD Rick. Annual, 3°-10° high, with long flat
leaves, 1°-3° long: spikelets very deciduous, and early breaking from
the rachis.—In the lake at Lake City. Rare. July—October.

12. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. Curt-arass.

Lowland grasses with flat spikelets crowded in one-sided panicles.
Spikelets usually imbricated over each other. Glumes two, strongly

GRAMINEAE 21

flattened, usually ciliate on the keels, awnless, about equal in length,
the second much narrower than the first. Leaves clothed with minute
hooked prickles.

Spikelets partly curved, 1}/’ long. 1. H. Virginicus.
Spikelets flat, 2’7-3’” long. 2. H. oryzoides.

1. H. Virginicus ( Willd.) Britton. Culms 1°-3° high with a finally
long exserted panicle: spikelets crowded at the ends of the branches,
closely appressed and somewhat curved around the branches : stamens one
or two.—Rather common in low wet woods. August-October.

2. H. oryzoides (L.) Poll. Larger than the last with a larger diffusely
branched panicle: stamens three.—Growing in dense masses around
swamps and less luxuriantly along streams. Well distributed through-
out. August-October.

13. PHALARIS L.
Flowers in panicles which are often very spike-like. Spikelets one-
flowered with five glumes, the first and second large, keeled and thick,

-the third and fourth rudimentary (reduced to scales or bristles), the fifth
subtending a similar palet and the flower.

Panicle not spike-like; grass of wet grounds. 1. P. arundinacea.
Panicle spike-like; grasses of waste places.
Spikelets green, narrowly keeled. 2. P. Caroliniana.

Spikelets white with green lines, broadly keeled. 3. P. Canariensis.

1. P. arundinacea L. REED CANARY GRass. Perennial, 2°-5°
high, with long flat leaves ; first and second glumes not wipged.—Well-
distributed in wet grounds in the northeastern part. May-June.

2. P. Caroliniana Walt. SouTHERN CANARY GRASS. Smooth annual
about 2° high, with spike-like panicle 1/-3’ long and about 6” wide,
oblong in outline.—Rarely adventized along railroads from Sheffield to
Courtney. May-June.

3. P. Canariensis L. CANARY GRAss. Annual 2°-3° high, with
long-peduncled spike-like panicles 3/-13/ long, 5/”-'7/’ wide at base and
tapering to the summit.—Rarely occurs in waste places and along rail-
roads. May-June.

14. ANTHOXANTHUM L.

Glumes five, the first shorter than the second, the third and fourth
empty, two-lobed and awned, the fifth shorter, about the length of the
palet.

1. A. odoratum L. VERNAL GRass. Annual about 2° high, with
numerous slightly hairy, flat leaves: spikes long-exserted, 2’-3/ long:
third glume bearing an awn inserted on the back about the middle, and
the fourth an awn inserted near the base.—Rarely adventized along the
railroads at Courtney. May-June.

22 GRAMINEAE

15. ARISTIDA L. THREE-AWNED GRASS.

Annual tufted grasses, with spikelets in spike-like racemes or panicles.
Spikelets 1-flowered and with three scales, the third bearing three awns,
sometimes united at the base.

Middle awn abruptly reflexed.
Not spiral at base. 1. A. gracilis.
Spiral at base. 2. A. basiramea.

Middle awn not abruptly reflexed.

Awns 12’7-36’’ long. 3. A.
Awns 9” or less long. 4, A.

oligantha.
intermedia.

1. A. gracilis Ell. 67-18’ high: leaves 1’-9/ long, flat or involute :
panicles simple and few-flowered, the larger 4/—5’ long : second outer
scale 2//-3’’ long, sharp: pointed : flowering scale 3’ long, its lateral awna
erect, 1/’ long, and its central awn abruptly reflexed, 3’7-6’” long.—
Occurs locally in dry sandy fields, five miles southeast of Grain Valley.
September—October.

2. A. basiramea Engelm. Resembling the last, but first scale 3/’-4/”
long and second 4/’-5’’ long: flowering glume 5” long, its central awn
4/8” long, spiral at base : lateral awns 3’ long.—Dry woods along Blue
ear Martin City.

3. A. oligantha Michx. Strongly tufted and much branching, 1°-2°
high : panicles rather few-flowered : two lower scales awn-pointed, sub-
equal, 6’”-10’ long : awns spreading, the central 1’-3/ long, slightly
longer than the lateral ones.—In dry soil throughout. Often very com-
mon. August—October.

4. A. intermedia 8S. & B. Annual, 1°-2° high, erect from a decum-
bent and branching base: panicle strict, about 6’ long: lower glumes
sharp-pointed, 3’/-4’” long, subequal: awns spreading, the central
6’’-9’” long, the lateral slightly shorter.—On sand-bars along the Mis-
souri River at Courtney; also at Quindaro, Kansas. Locally abundant.
August-September.

16. STIPA L.

Usually tall grasses. Glumes three, the flowering glume coriaceous,
convolute around the palet and grain, with a hairy callus at base, and
bearing a long twisted awn articulated to the scale.

1. S. spartea Trin. PORCUPINE GRass. 2°-4° tall, with long con-
volute leaves: panicle long-exserted, rather simple : awn 5/’-8’ long :
flowers early deciduous.—Common locally on rocky prairies around Lee’s
Summit. One of our most peculiar grasses. May-June.

17. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb.
Spikelets one-flowered, borne in contracted panicles. Glumes three,
the two outer thin and persistent, acute to awn-pointed. Flowering
glume acute or bearing an awn.

GRAMINEAE 23

Flowering glume not awned.

Lower glumes acute. 1. UM. sobolifera.
Lower glumes strongly acuminate.
Flowering glume 13/’ or more long. 2. M. Mewicana.
Flowering glume 1/7 or less long. 3. M. polustachya.
Lower glumes exceeding flowering glumes. 4. M. racemosa.
Flowering glume awned.
Lower glumes minute or wanting. 5. M. diffusa.
Lower glumes 4 to 4 length of flowering glume. 6. UM. tenuiflora.
Lower glumes equalling flowering glume. 7 M. sylvatica.

1. M. sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. 1°-3° high, erect: leaves 3/-4/
long, 2’’-3’’ wide: panicle very slender, much-contracted, long-exserted,
2’-6’’ long: spikelets 1” long.—Not uncommon in rocky woods. Sep-
tember—October.

2. M. Mexicana (L.) Trin. Much branching, 13°-3° high, with
geniculate culms: panicles both lateral and terminal, contracted, with
appressed spike-like branches, more or less included : spikelets 13’ or
more long ; hairs at base of flowering glume few, short : empty glumes
equal or very unequal, longer or shorter than the flowering glume.—
Common in low woods along streams. August—October.

3. M. polystachya Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. 2° high, erect, much
branched : leaves 13’-23’ long, 1/-2’” wide: panicles on peduncles
1/-5/ long, long-exserted, 2’— 4’ long, densely flowered, the lower branch-
lets separated : flowers nearly sessile, 1/” long: the glumes as in the
last : hairs at base of flowering glume copious, 3 to 3 length of glume.—
Open rocky woods east of Sibley. August-October.

4. M. racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P. Culms 1°-3° high, usually much-
branched : panicle termina], 2/-4’ long, usually dense and spike-like,
exserted, the branches very densely flowered.—Bogs and wet rocky
woods. Well distributed and rather common. August-October.

5. M. tenuiflora (Willd.) B.S.P. Distinguished from No. 7 only by
its shorter less acuminate, empty glumes.—Dry woods near Sibley.
August—October.

6. M. diffusa Willd. NirmBLE WILL. Culms much-branched, dif-
fusely spreading or prostrate with numerous short leaves: panicles
slender and contracted, 2’-4’ long, usually interrupted.—Often very
common in dry woods. August-October.

7. M. sylvatica Torr. Culms ascending, 1°-3° high, bearing a con-
tracted panicle 37-6’ long.—Common in low woods along the larger
streams. July—October.

18. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv.

Perennial with erect, pubescent culms and one-flowered spikelets in
simple panicles. Glumes three, the first two small and inconspicuous,
the outer often wanting. Flowering glume hard, 5-nerved, hairy, long
awn-pointed, together with the palet enclosing the grain. Palet as long

24 GRAMINEAE

as the flowering glume, with a groove on the back, in which lies an awn-
like pedicel about one half its length.

1. B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. LONG-AWNED WooD-GRASS. Oc-
curs locally in rocky shaded woods near Dodson, Tarsney and Sibley.

19. PHLEUM L.
Annuals. Glumes three, the two outer equal, keeled and compressed,
truncate at the apex and awned. Flowering glume hyaline, truncate
and erose at the summit.

1. P. pratense L. TimorHy-GRrass. Erect, 1°-3° high, bearing a
long cylindric spike 2’-6’ long : lower glumes ciliate, bearing a short
awn.—Very common in meadows, along railroads, etc. June-August.

20. ALOPECURUS L.
Scales three, the two lower compressed and keeled, about equal, thin,
delicate and ciliate. Third scale hyaline, with a delicate awn on the
back, about the length of the empty glumes. Palet thin or wanting.

1. A. geniculatus L. MArsH FoXx-TAIL GRAss. Culms. tufted,
about 1° high : upper sheath inflated, often partly enclosing the spike :
spikes 2’.-3’ long: flowering glume awned from near its base, the awn
conspicuously exserted.—Often common in low wet fields, especially from
Adams to Levasy. May-June.

Var. fulvus (J. E. Smith) Scribn. Awn very delicate, short, barely
exserted.—Occasionally found along the Missouri River. May-June.

21. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. RusH GRass. DROP-SEED GRASS.

Spikelets in open or spike-like panicles, one-flowered, rarely two-flow-
ered. Glumes three, membranous, the outer two empty, shorter than the
third. Palet similar. Grain free and early deciduous in most species.
Leaves long and involute.

Panicle spike-like.

Culms stout, 2°-5° high. 1. S. compositus.
Culms slender, 14° or less high.
Spikelets 2’” long. 2. S. vaginaeflorus.
Spikelets 13/”. long.
Sheaths inflated. 3. S. neglectus.
sheaths not inflated. 4. S. cuspidatus,
Panicle open and with spreading branches.
Culms erect ; pedicels not longer than spikelets.
Grain 1’ in diameter, very conspicuous. 5. S. heterolepis.
Grain not conspicuous.
Panicle branches widely spreading. 8. S. atroides.
Panicle branches erect ascending.
Sheaths densely pilose at summit. 7. S. eryptandrus.
Sheaths very sparingly hairy. 6. S. argutus.
Culms decumbent ; pedicels capillary. 9. 8. asperifolius.

1. 8. compositus (Poir.) Merrill. Stout, tufted perennial: leaves
involute, 6’-18’ long: panicle partly included in the upper sheath, 6’

GRAMINEAE 25

long : spikelets 2/’-2}’’ long: third scale of the spikelet acutish, as long
as the palet, and somewhat exceeding the second.—Common in dry
grounds throughout. July—October.

2.S. vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood. Tufted, slender, 6’-12’ high:
leaves 2’-4’ long, broad at base and attenuate into a long involute point :
sheaths somewhat inflated, the upper partially enclosing the few-flowered
simple pavicle: spikelets 2/’-23’” long, the three scales nearly equal in
length, or the outermost slightly shorter and exceeded by the acutely
tipped palet.—In dry soil near Kansas City, Courtney and Levasy. Not
common. August-October.

3. S. neglectus Nash. 6/’-18’ high, much branched and spreading :
leaves long, involute, with conspicuously inflated sheaths : panicles small
and numerous, more or less enclosed in the sheaths: spikelets less than
2’ long, the acute palet slightly longer than the acute third scale : second
scale slightly longer than the first and shorter than the third.—Often
common in dry ground and well distributed. August-October.

4. S. cuspidatus (Torr.) Wood. 18’ or less high, branching : leaves
long, involute: panicles 2/—4’ long, exserted : scales long-acuminate or
cuspidate.—On dry rocky hills north of Roanoke, Kansas City and at
Swope Park. August-September.

5. S. heterolepis A. Gray. Culms stout, 3° high : leaves 1° long, in-
volute: panicle long exserted, 6’ long and 1/ wide, its branches short and
ascending : spikelets 23’’ long.—Common on the prairie between Lee’s
Summit and Greenwood ; also near Buckner. August—October.

6. S. argutus (Nees) Kunth. 1° high: leaves broad and rather
short: sheaths hairy at the throat: panicle 2’-3’ long with ascending
verticillate branches : spikelets very small, 2’’ long, the first scale one-
quarter the length of the second and third, which are equal.—One clump
found as a waif near Westminster (Kansas City) along the Belt Line.
July-August.

7. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray. Culms 2° high, densely tufted :
leaves linear, 6’ long: sheaths very hairy at the mouth : panicle long,
narrow and slender, usually more or less included : branches ascending,
scattered or subverticillate : spikelets 1” long, about as in the last.—
Sandy bottoms along the Missouri River. Not uncommon. July-Sep-
tember.

8. S. alroides Torr. 23° high: leaves flat, attenuate to a long invo-
lute point, sparingly hairy at base : panicle 9’ long, very compound with
widely spreading branches: spikelets 1/’ long, the second and third
glumes equal and twice the length of the first.—Sparingly introduced in
the railroad yards at Sheffield. June.

9. S. asperifolius Nees & Meyen. Culms about 6’ high from a decum-
pent base; panicle 2’-4’ long, partly included, ascending, the branches
scabrous: spikelets on long capillary pedicels many times their length :

26 GRAMINEAE

spikelets 4” long.—Sandy fields in the Missouri Bottom near Courtney.
Local. August-September.

22. CINNA L.

Glumes three, the third bearing a short awn. Palet 1-nerved.

1. C. arundinacea L. Woop REED-GRASS. Perennial 2°-4° tall:
leaves flat, 6’ long : panicle about 6’ long, its branches densely flowered,
spreading: spikelets 24’” long.—Common in moist woods and meadows.
July-September.

23. AGROSTIS L.

Outer glumes about equal or the lowest the longer. Flowering glumes
and palet byaline, the latter often very small or wanting. Seed adher-
ent to pericarp.

Culms erect.

Branches of panicle branching below the middle. 1. A. alba.
Branches of panicle branching above the middle. 2. A. hyemalis.
Culms weak and decumbent. 3. A. perennans.

1. A. alba L. RED-ToP GRass. Culms errect or ascending, some-
times decumbent at base, 1°-3° high, smooth: panicle 4/-10’ long, con-
tracted or open, and with ascending or spreading branches: spikelets
slightly more than 1’’ long: palet one-third the length of the third
glume.—Common in wet meadows and fields. May-July.

2. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. Harr-Grass. Culms densely tufted,
1°-2° high, slender: leaves 1’-2’ long: panicle branches capillary and .
scabrous, at first erect, at length widely spreading and much branched :
spikelets 1’” long or less: palet very small.—Common. May-June.

3. A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. THIN-GRAsS. Culms 6/-2° long:
leaves 3’—4’ long : panicle 2’~8’ long, pale green, diffusely spreading, its
branches divided below the middle: spikelets 1’ long or less: palet small
or wanting.—A delicate grass growing in moist woods throughout. Not
uncommon. August-September.

24. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. REED-GRASS.

Perennials. Rachilla produced beyond the palet and hairy. Glumes
three, the two outer empty, keeled, membranous and about equal, the
third shorter and copiously hairy at base, shurt-awned.

Panicle open with spreading branches. 1. C. Macouniana.
Panicle narrow and strict, branches erect. 2. C. inexpansa.

1. C. Macouniana Vasey. 2°-4° high: panicle 5/-6’ long, 14/-2/
wide, the longer branches 2/ long, slender, straw-colored : spikelets 1}//
long, the outer glumes acute, the second slightly longer than the first :
hairs copious, the length of the third scale, which bears a delicate straight
awon.— Wet meadows in the Little Blue Valley from Buckner and Lake
City to Atherton. Locally rather common. May-July.

GRAMINEAE 27

2. C. inexpansa A. Gray. 13°-3° high, stout: panicle long, its
branches short and erect : spikelets straw-colored, 1}//-2’’ long, the basal
hairs about the length of the third glume : awn slightly bent, about the
length of the glume.—Of rare occurrence in low woods along the Missouri
River near Courtney. June-July.

25. CALAMOVILFA Hack.

The rachilla not produced, the outer glumes unequal, and the third
glume not awned. Otherwise much as in Calamagrostis.

1. C. longifolia (Hook.) Hack. REED-GRaAss. Glabrous perennial
with long creeping rootstocks, 4°-6° high: panicle 10’ long, narrow,
interrupted at base, its branches erect : spikelets 2}’/-3/’ long.—In one
locality in the sandy Missouri River bottom near Atherton ; also near
Harlem, Clay County, Missouri. August.

26. APBRA Adans.

An annual with one-flowered spikelets in an open panicle. Rachilla
produced beyond the flower in the form of a bristle. Flowers much asin
Agrostis, but the third glume two-toothed and bearing a long slender awn.
Palet a little shorter, two-toothed.

1. A. Spica-venti (L.) Beauv. BENT-GRAss. 1°-2° tall, witha pan-
icle 4’-98/ long, its branches capillary : spikelets 3/”-1}/ long, the delicate
awn 3//-4’’ long.—Very sparingly adventized along the railroad from
Courtney to Sheffield. June-July.

27. HOLCUS L.

Spikelets 2-flowered in close panicles. Glumes four, the two lower
empty, the first and second three-nerved, the third awnless, enclosing a
perfect flower, the fourth bearing a short bent awn and enclosing a stam-
inate flower.

1. H. lanatus L. VeLveEt-arass. A softly pubescent annual, 13°-24°
high : panicle dense, 2/-3’ long: spikelets 2’’ long.— Rarely occurs as a
waif along railroads at Sheffield. July.

28. TRISETUM Pers.

Perennials with 2-4-flowered spikelets in open panicles. Two lower
glumes empty, the flowering two-toothed and bearing a short bent or
flexuous awn below the apex. Palet two-toothed. Rachilla extending
beyond the flowers.

1. T. flavescens (L.) R. &S. Fase Oats. 13°-24° high, smooth:
panicles 2/-5’ long, yellowish, open, the branches naked below : spikelets
3-4 flowered.—Sparingly adventized along railroads from Courtney to
Sheffield. July-August.

29. AVENA L.

Lower flowers perfect, upper imperfect. Two lower scales large, empty,
membranous and persistent. Flowering glumes firmer in texture, two-
toothed. Palet narrow.

28 GRAMINEAE

1. A.sativa L. Oats. Annual, 2°-4° high : leaves flat: panicle con-
tracted or with widely spreading branches : spikelets 9/’ long, 2-flowered,
the two empty glumes acute, scarious at apex and longer than the flow-
ers: perfect flower long-awned or awnless.—Frequent in waste places,
and often very abundant along railroads. May-October.

30. SPARTINA Schreb.

Tall perennials from long creeping rootstocks. Spikelets 1-flowered.
Glumes three, the two outer empty and unequal, the third subtending
the flower. Palet often larger than the glume.

1. S. cynosuroides (L.) Willd. MarsH-Grass. 3°-6° high : leaves
involute, pointed, 1° or more long : spikes 5-25, 2’-5’ long, short-pedun-
cled : rachis and glumes rough on the margins: spikelets closely imbri-
cated, 6’’-7’’ long : outer glumes awn-pointed.—On wet prairies through-
out the county, but especially abundant from Adams to Levasy. July-—
October.

31. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud.

A decumbent annual with short leaves, 1-flowered spikelets, sessile
and appressed, in spikes. Glumes three, the two outer empty, acumi-
nate and keeled, the third somewhat longer, but similar. None awned.

1. S. paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. 1°-2° high : inflorescence scab-
rous, taking up three-fourths of the plant: spikes 6-10, distant, 1’-4/
long, widely spreading.—Locally common in barrens at Dodson and
Little Blue Tank ; also occasionally adventized along railroads. June-
July.

32. BOUTELOUA Lag. MEsQuITE GRASs.

Rachilla produced beyond the flower, bearing awns and scales. Lower
glumes keeled. Flowering glume three-toothed and awned or pointed.
Palet 2-nerved and 2-toothed.

Spikelets one to four. 1. B. oligostachya.
Spikelets twenty to sixty. 2. B. curtipendula. _

1. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. Culms about 1° high: leaves 3’-
4’ long, with a long slender tip: spikes usually two, about 1’ long,
curved, oblong-linear, many-flowered, short-peduncled.—Sparingly ad-
ventized along railroads, especially at Sheffield. June-August.

2. B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Culms 2°-3° high : leaves 7/-10’
long, tapering to a long slender point: spikes 3’”-8’’ long, spreading or
reflexed.—Common in rocky barrens in the southern part. August-Oc-
tober.

34. BECKMANNIA Host.

Tall grasses with 1-2-flowered spikelets, borne in close spikes in narrow
terminal panicles. Glumes three or four, the two lower saccate, the flow-
ering glumes narrower and lanceolate. Palet hyaline.

GRAMINEAE 29

1. B. erucaeformis (L.) Host. RAtrimsNAKE GRAss. Panicle 6’
long : spikes 12’/ long or less : spikelets 1-flowered, 1/” long. —One plant
found on the river bank near Courtney. June-July.

34. ELEUSINE Gaertn.

Spikelets several-flowered, closely imbricated in two rows on one side
of the rachis, thus forming spikes of which there are several close together
at the top of the culm. Glumes awnless, keeled, the two lower empty,
the upper flower-bearing.

1. E. Indica (L.) Gaertn. YArD Grass. A decumbent or erect an-
nual, 2° or less tall : spikes 3-6, 2’-4’ long, spreading: spikelets about
2’” long, 3-6-flowered.—A common weed in waste places throughout.
July—October.

35. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv.

Spikelets alternate in two rows on side of a long filiform rachis, form-
ing loosely-flowered spikes, the spikes racemed Spikelets 2-many-flow-
ered. Two lower glumes empty, keeled. Flowering glume 3-nerved,
longer than the palet.

1. L. attenuata Nutt. 8’-3° high, with numerous flat, sparingly
villous leaves : spikes 20-60 : spikelets about 3-flowered, 1/” long : empty
glumes strongly mucronate, usually exceeding the flower : nerves of flow-
ering glumes sparsely pubescent.—In damp soil in the Missouri River
bottoms from Sheffield to Sibley ; Dodson. Rather uncommon. August-
October.

36. PHRAGMITES Trin.

Tall reed-like perennials with long running rootstocks and with numer-
ous broad flat leaves. Spikelets in a large terminal panicle, 3—-7-flowered.
Two lower glumes empty and unequal, the third either neutral or stami-
nate, the remaining flowers perfect. Small palets and flowering glumes
slender and membranous.

1. P.communis Trin. REED. 5°-20° high: panicle often 1° long,
with ascending branches.—In low grounds, along the Missouri River.
Uncommon and usually not flowering. August—October.

37. SIEGLINGIA Bernh.

Terminal flower often sterile. Two lower glumes empty, keeled.
Flowering glume rounded, three-nerved, with nerves hairy, and three-
toothed at the apex, the nerves, especially the mid-nerve, excurrent
as small awns. Palet broad, 2-keeled.

Panicle large and spreading, with numerous spikelets. 1. 8. seslerioides.
Panicle small and simple, few-flowered. 2. S. purpurea.

1. S. seslerioides (Michx.) Scribn. TALL RED-ToP Grass. A showy
perennial, 3°-5° high, with long pointed narrow leaves: panicle 9/-15’
long : spikelets purple, 37-4’ long, about 6-flowered.—Common in dry
open grounds throughout. July-September.

30 GRAMINEAE

2. S. purpurea (Walt.) Kuntze. Sanp-arass. A tufted annual.
about 1° high: leaves short, sparingly ciliate: panicle 3’-2’ long.—In
sand in the Missouri River bottom at Courtney. Common in one
locality. Also occurs at Quindaro, Kansas. July-September.

38. DIPLACHNE Beauv.

Spikelets several-flowered, sessile on the rachis, forming slender
spikes. Two lower glumes empty, keeled, acute, unequal. Flowering
glumes longer, 1-3-nerved, 2-toothed and mucronate between the teeth.
Spikelets 2’’-4’’ long. 1. D. fascicularis.
Spikelets 5’’-6’’ long. 2. D. acuminata.

1. D. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. A decumbent or ascending annual,
1°-3° high: spikes panicled, partly enclosed in upper sheath : spikelets
3/’-5’’ long, 5-11-flowered.—Often common on muddy shores in low
grounds. June-—October.

2. D. acuminata Nash. Resembles the last, but spikelets longer,
the flowering scales acuminate, entire (obtuse and two-toothed in D.
fascicularis).—Often common on mud-flats, especially at Courtney.
June-September.

39. ERAGROSTIS Beauv.

Spikelets paniculate, 2-many-flowered, flattened. Two lower glumes
empty, short and keeled, 1-nerved. Flowering glumes keeled, 3-nerved,
not pilose at base. Palet 2-nerved, persistent on the rachis after the rest
of the flower has fallen.

Culms creeping and rooting. 1. hypnoides.
Culms ascending or erect.
Spikelets large and flat, forming a narrow crowded
panicle. 2. £. major.
Panicle open, its branches capillary.
Culms 13° high or less.
Spikelets 5-many-flowered.
Spikelets 2-5-flowered.
Culms much-branched. . EB. Frankii.

3. BE. Purehii.
4
Culms sparingly branched. 5. E. capillaris.
6
7

Culms 1° or more high.
Spikelets yellowish, usually 3-5-flowered.
Spikelets purplish, usually 6-10-flowered.

1. B. hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. Annual, forming large patches
leaves short, 6/7-18’’ long: flowering branches 2/-5’ high: spikelets
dioecious, 10-30-flowered, 2//-8/” long, clustered.—Common along
streams, especially along the Missouri River. June—-October.

2. E. major Host. 6/-2}° high: leaves flat, sharp-pointed, 4/-6/
long : panicle 2’-6’ long, 1}’-23’ wide: spikelets lance-oblong, 3/’-6”
long, 13/” wide, usually 8-20-flowered.—Common in waste places.
July—October.

3. H. Furshii Schrad. Densely-tufted and much branching, 3/-18/
high : leaves about 2/ long: panicle from 1/-10/ long, its branches loose

. £. trichodes.
. FE. pectinacea.

GRAMINEAE 31

and spreading: spikelets 2’’-4’’ long, linear-oblong: flowering glumes
with prominent lateral nerves. —Common in dry soil, especially on sand-
bars along the Missouri River. June-October.

4. H. Frankii Steud. Strongly tufted and much branched through-
out, 3/-12’ high: leaves 2’-5’ long: panicle 2/-6’ long, 1’-2’ wide:
spikelets 1/’-1}’/’ long.—Often common in damp sandy fields along
rivers. June—October.

5. H. capillaris (L.) Nees. Erect, 8/’-18’ tall, branching only at
base : leaves 3’-8’ long: sheaths smooth or hairy: panicles often 1°
long and 6’ wide with widely spreading capillary branches: spikelets
somewhat terete, 1/’-14’” long.—Common in dry soil throughout. A
form with most of the spikelets 1-flowered occurs south of Grain Valley.
July-September.

6. E. trichodes (Nutt.) Nash. 2°-4° high, with long, narrow
usually smooth leaves: panicle narrow and elongated, sparingly bearded
in the lower axils, 1° or more long, 3’-4’ wide, its branches ascending
and capillary, somewhat flexuous: spikelets 23’” long.—Sandy grounds
in Rush Bottom near Courtney. Local and uncommon. July-Septem-
ber.

7. HE. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. 13°-2}° high, with the panicle
taking up two-thirds of the plant: leaves about 6’ long: sheaths hairy :
panicle 8’ or more long, 6’ or more wide, strongly bearded in the axils,
its branches spreading: spikelets 2’’-4’” long, on pedicels at least
their length.—Frequent in sandy fields and prairies and adventized
along railroads. July-September.

40. EATONIA Raf.

Spikelets small, about 2-flowered, in contracted panicles. Two lower
glumes empty, very dissimilar, the first acute, linear, keeled and
1-nerved, the second strongly obovate, rounded or acute at the apex,
3-nerved. Flowering glumes narrower, obtuse, keeled. Palet small and
hyaline, 2-nerved.

Panicle branches narrowly linear and _ loosely

flowered. 1. E. Pennsylvanica.
Panicle branches short and thick, closely flowered. 2. E. obtusata.

1. E. Pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. 1$°-3° high, with numerous
flat leaves, 2’-6’ long: panicle narrow, slender and loosely flowered,
3’-12’ long, its branches short.—Often common in rich moist woods,
especially in the northern part. May-June.

2. E. obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray. Very erect, 1°-2° high, growing
in small clumps: leaves 3/-5’ long, sharp-pointed : panicle 2’-4’ long,
densely flowered and spike-like, but interrupted at base : branches 1’ or
less long, erect.—Common in dry soil throughout, in woods and on
prairies. May-June.

32 GRAMINEAE

41. KOELERIA Pers.

Spikelets 2-5-flowered. Two lower empty glumes narrow, keeled,
acute and unequal in length. Flowering glumes obscurely 3-5-nerved.
Palet hyaline, 2-nerved.

1. K. cristata (L.) Pers. Culms tufted, 1°-2° high’ panicle spike-
like, long-peduncled, 2/-4’ long, 6’’ wide : branches very short and com-
pactly flowered : spikelets 2’” long.—Rocky prairies near Lee’s Summit
and rarely found along railroads. May--June.

42. MELICA L.

Perennial grasses with 2-8-flowered spikelets in open panicles. Glumes
with broad, scarious margins or the lower scarious throughout, the lower
empty glumes 3-5-nerved, the upper flowering ones 7-13-nerved. Rachilla
extending beyond the flowers, and bearing several small scales convolute
around each other.

1. M. diffusa Pursh. MeELIcGRass. 2°-4° high : panicle 4/-8/ long,
its branches spreading, ascending or erect : spikelets usually 3-flowered,
43//-5’’ long, with scabrous flowering glumes.—In rocky woods especially
in the southern part. Well distributed and very abundant locally.
May-June.

43. KORYCARPUS Zea.

Perennial with running rootstocks and long flat leaves. Spikelets ina
very simple panicle, 3-4-flowered. Two lower glumes empty, acute and
coriaceous, much shorter than the flowers. Flowering glumes rounded,
shortly mucronate, coriaceous and shining, but with a narrow scarious
margin. Uppermost glumes empty and convolute.

1. K. diandrus (Michx.) Kuntze. 2°-4° high.—Rich woods along the
blufts three miles west of Sibley. Not uncommon locally. July.

44. UNIOLA L.

Spikelets flat and two-edged in panicles, several-many-flowered, 3-6 of
the lower glumes empty, the flowering glumes much-keeled and many-
nerved. Uppermost glumes often smaller and empty. Palets sharply
2-keeled, half the size of the glume.

1. U. latifolia Michx. SprkE Grass. 2°-5° high: panicle about 6”
long, one-sided, its branches spreading or pendulous: spikelets 7//-10’”
long, 6’’-8’” wide, oblong, 5-10-flowered, very flat, on long capillary
often drooping pedicels.—In rocky woods. Local. Swope’s Park to
south of Dodson, Little Blue Tank and Sibley. August-October.

45. DISTICHLIS Raf.

Dioecious perennials with many-flowered spikelets in a dense spike-like
panicles. Leaves flat at base but involute, pointed. Spikelets com-
pressed. Glumes coriaceous, the two lower empty, keeled, few-nerved,

shorter than the broader, acute, many-nerved flowering ones. Palet two-
keeled.

GRAMINEAE 33

1. D. spicata (L.) Greene. SprkE-GRass. Flowering culms 5/ high,
the sterile much taller, rigid and very leafy : spikelets clustered, 7-12,
ovate-lanceolate, 8/” long, 23’’ wide, 8-12-flowered.—A large patch of
the pistillate plants adventized in the railroad yards at Sheffield. Our
form is var. stricta Scribn. May-June.

46. DACTYLIS L.

Spikelets 3-5-flowered in one-sided clusters in a dense panicle. Two
lower glumes empty, scarious-margined, mucronate-pointed, unequal, the
flowering 5-nerved, larger and short-awned or mucronate. Palet shorter,
2-keeled. :

1. D. glomerata IL. ORcHARD Grass. A rough perennial 2°-4°
high: panicles 5’-8’ long, its branches naked at base: spikelets 4’ long,
in dense clusters, 3-5-flowered.—Often planted and frequently found in
waste places, yards and meadows throughout. May-June.

47. POA L. MEADOW GRaAss.

Spikelets compressed, 2-10-flowered, paniculate. Glumes keeled, the
two empty ones shorter than the flowers, 1-3-nerved. Flowering glumes
scarious margined, 5-nerved, usually with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at
base, and the chief nerves pubescent. Palet shorter, 2-nerved.

Annuals less than 12’ high.
Flowering glumes cobwebby at base.
Flowering glumes not cobwebby at base.
Perennials, more than 12’ high.
Culms flattened.
Culms terete, panicle branches erect.
Culms terete, panicle branches spreading.
Panicle branches 2-6 together.
Spikelets shorter than pedicels.

P. Chapmaniana.
P. annua.

. P. compressa.
. P. nemoralis.

ao ee

Flowering glumes obscurely nerved. 5. P. flava.
Flowering glumes strongly nerved.
Flowering glumes silky-pubescent. 6. P. pratensis.
Flowering glumes not silky-pubescent. 7. P. trivialis.
Spikelets exceeding pedicels. 8. P. sylvestris.
Panicle branches 1-2 together. 9. P. Wolfit.

1. P. Chapmaniana Scribn. SOUTHERN SPEAR-GRASS. Tufted, 3’-127
high, erect: panicle 1/-4/ long : spikelets 13’ long, 3-7-flowered : flow-
ering glume 14” long, cobwebby at base, rather obscurely 3-5-nerved,
the nerves pilose.—Common in sandy soil. April-May.

2. P.annuaL. SpEAR-GRASS. Like the last but ascending or spread-
ing : flowering glumes distinctly 5-nerved and not cohwebby at base.—
Sparingly adventized at Courtney. May-July. :

3. P. compressa L. WiIRE Grass. Culms 12/-20’ high, flattened,
from long spreading rootstocks : panicle 13’~-3’ long, 3’”-6”’ wide: branches
ascending, spikelet-bearing throughout : spikelets 1}’’ long, 3-10-flowered:
flowering glume 3-nerved, sparingly pubescent on the nerves toward the
base.—In waste places. Well distributed but notcommon. June-August.

3

34 GRAMINEAE

4. P.nemoralis L. Culms 20/-30’ high, erect, simple and glabrous :
panicle slender, 5’~8’ long, its branches erect or ascending, 1/-3/ long :
spikelets 13’” long, 2-4-flowered : flowering glumes cobwebby at base and
hairy on the mid and marginal nerves below the middle.—Sparingly
adventized in moist ground along the railroads at Sheffield and Courtney.
May-July.

5. P.flavaL. MrEADow Grass. Culms 2°-3° tall, in clumps: sheaths
smooth: panicle open with spreading branches, 8’-15’ long: spikelets
2-4-flowered, 13/” long, short-pedicelled: flowering glumes obscurely
5-nerved, the mid and marginal nerves hairy below.—In wet grounds.
Not common. Springy places at Burge Park. May.

6. P. pratensis L. KENntTucKy BLUE-GRass. Culms 10/-33° tall,
erect, from long running rootstocks : panicle 1/-8’ Jong, usually pyram-
idal, its branches erect, ascending or spreading : spikelets 3-5-flowered,
short-pedicelled or nearly sessile, 14/’-23/” long: flowering glume 5-
nerved, cobwebby at base and hairy below on the keel and margin. Very
common in all kinds of situations throughout. April-June.

7. P. trivialis L. RouGH MEapow Grass. Culms 1°-3° high:
sheaths and leaves very rough : panicle 4’-6’ long: spikelets usually 2-
flowered, 13’’ long: flowering glumes strongly 5-nerved, only the mid-
nerve hairy.—Sparingly adventized at Courtney. June-August.

8. P. sylvestris A. Gray. Wood Grass. Culms weak, 1°-3°
high, erect : panicle 4’-7/ long, its branches ascending to reflexed: spike-
lets 1’”-1}’’ long, 2-3-flowered : flowering glumes plainly 5-nerved, cob-
webby and persistent below.—Common in woods throughout. May-
June.

9. P. Wolfii Scribn. Culms tufted, 2°-2° high: panicle 3’-4/ long,
its branches ascending, rather few-flowered : spikelets 2/”-3’ long, 2-4-
flowered : flowering glumes cobwebby at base, the mid and marginal
nerves pubescent for three-fourths of their length.—Common in dry
woods in one locality on the Blue River Bluffs opposite the mouth of
Brush Creek. April-May.

48. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna GRass.

Spikelets paniculate, terete or flattish, several-many-flowered. Two
lower glumes empty, the flowering glumes rounded, 5-9-nerved, scarious
at the apex. Palets 2-keeled.

Spikelets 1’’-1}’’ long, oblong. 1. P. nervata.
Spikelets 6’” or more long, linear. 2. P. fluitans.

1. P. nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. Culms erect, 2°-3° high : panicle
5/-8/ long, its branches at first erect, then spreading, and finally drooping :
spikelets 3-7-flowered, very readily breaking up at maturity.—Common
in wet places throughout, but especially in the northern part. May-
July.

GRAMINEAE 35

2. P. fluitans (L.) Kuntze. Culms flat, Jarge and stout, 1°-5° long,
erect or decumbent: panicle 1° long with erect or spreading branches :
spikelets 7--13-flowered.—Low grounds west of Buckner. May-August.

49. FESTUCA L. FESCUE GRAss.

Spikelets 2-several-flowered, paniculate or racemose. Two lower
glumes empty, keeled. Flowering glumes 3-nerved, rounded on the
back, acute or awned. Palet a little shorter. usually adhering to the
grain au maturity.

Flowering glumes awned ; annuals. 1. F. octoflora.
Flowering glumes not awned ; perennials.
Spikelets 43’” or more long. 2. F. elatior.

Spikelets 3” or less long.
Spikelets obovate, crowded at the ends of the branches. 3. F. obtusa.
Spikelets lanceolate, not crowded at the ends of the
branches. 4, F. nutana.

1. F. octoflora Walt. Culms erect, tufted, 4’-18’ high : Jeaves 1/-2/
long, bristle-form : panicle simple and spike-like, 17-3’ long: spikelets
flat, oblong, 23’’-4/” long, 6-13-flowered.—Frequent in dry, sandy soil,
especially in bottoms along the Missouri River. May.

2. FP. elatior L. Meapow Frscug. Culms 1°-3° high, erect, gla-
brous: leaves numerous, 2/-15’ long: panicle simple or compound with
short, erect, crowded branches 4/-14’ long : spikelets 5-8-flowered, 43’’ or
more long: flowering. glumes obscurely 5-nerved, scarious margined,
acutish.— Common in waste places, streets, along railroads, etc. June-
August.

3. FP. obtusa Spreng. Spikelets crowded at the ends of the widely
spreading branches of the large panicle, 23/’-3’ long : flowering glumes
2’’ long, obtuse. Otherwise like the next from which, however, it is
very different in aspect.— Woods and prairies. Widely distributed in the
southern part, but not common. June-July.

4. P. nutans Willd. Culms 13°-3° tall, erect, glabrous or sometimes
pubescent: leaves 13’’-3/’ wide, 4’-10’ long : panicle very scabrous, 4’—
10’ long, the branches erect or spreading in age, flower-bearing at the
extremities: spikelets 3-5-flowered : flowering glumes 2’ long, acute.—
Common in rich, rocky woods. May-June.

50. BROMUS L. CHESss.

Spikelets borne in terminal panicles, 5-many-flowered. Empty glumes
1-8-nerved, acute. Flowering glumes 3-9-nerved, rounded or compressed,
keeled on the back, apex mostly 2-cleft, and usually awned below the
summit. Grain adhering to the two-keeled palet, which is shorter than
the scale. Styles attached below the apex of the ovary.

Lower empty glume 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved. 1. B. purgans.
Lower empty glumes 3-nervéd, upper 5-9-nerved.

36 GRAMINEAE

Flowering glumes hairy. 2. B. hordeaceus.
Flowering glumes smooth.
Awns the length of the glumes.

Leaves and sheaths hairy. 3. B. racemosus
commutatus,
Leaves and sheaths densely whitish pubescent. 4. B. arvensis.
Awns shorter than the glumes. 5. B. secalinus.

1. B. purgans L. Witp CuHess. Culms erect, 2°-4° high: whole
plant more or less pubescent: panicle 5’-10’ long, the branches erect,
spreading or drooping : spikelets 6-12’ long, 5-10-fiowered : flowering
glumes densely appressed-pubescent all over, and bearing an awn 2//-4”
long.—Common in rocky woods. May-July.

Var. incanus Shear. GRAYISH WILD CHEss. Culms tall and very
leafy : sheaths overlapping and densely soft pilose-pubescent.—Along
Little Blue River in low land. July-August.

2. B. hordeaceus L. Sorr CuxEss. 1°~-3° high, pubescent all over :
panicle often somewhat nodding: flowering glumes 43’ or less long,
prominently nerved, bearing an awn of their own length.—Sparingly
adventized along railroads at Sheffield. June.

3. B. racemosus commutatus Hook. f. FALSE CHgss. LARGER
CHEAT GRAss. Closely resembles B. secalinus, but it is reflexed hairy on
the sheaths : flowering glumes plainly nerved, 4/’-5’’ long and bearing an
awn of their own length.—In similar situations as B. secalinus, but much
less common. May-June.

4. B. arvensis L. Fir~tp Caxss. Culms erect, 1°-3° high: sheaths
and leaves softly and densely pubescent: panicle 5/-9’ long, simple, its
branches widely spreading or ascending, bearing 1-3 spikelets above the
middle, the longer often 5’ long: spikelets over 9/’ long, lanceolate,
8-12-flowered.—Sparingly adventized along railroads at Sheffield. June.

5. B. secalinus L. CHEss. An erect annual, 1°-3° high: sheaths
glabrous: panicle 3’-8’ long, the branches ascending: spikelets 9’ or less
long, 5-11-flowered, erect or somewhat pendulous: flowering glumes
obscurely nerved, 3’’-4’” long, bearing a more or less flexuous awn 4/”

or less long, or sometimes awnless.—Common in fields and waste places.
May-June.
51. LOLIUM L.

Spikelets flattened, several-many-flowered, sessile and solitary at each

join of the continuous rachig, the edges turned towards the rachis.
Flowering glume rounded, 5-7-nerved.

1. L. perenne L. RYE GRass. A smooth erect perennial, 1°-2}°
high : spikes 3/-9’ long: spikelets 5~10-flowered, 4/’-6’” long, the
empty glumes strongly nerved and shorter than the flower: flowering
glumes acute.—Rarely adventized along railroads from Courtney to
Sheffield. May-June.

Var. Italicum (R. Br.) Soribn. Flowering glumes bearing awns of
their own Jength.—With the species. ;

GRAMINEAE 37

52. AGROPYRON Gaertn. CoucH GRaAss.

Spikelets 3-many-flowered, sessile and alternate at each joint of the
continuous rachis. Two lower glumes empty, the flowering 5-7-nerved,
rounded on the back and usually short-awned.

Plants with running rootstocks.

Plants glaucous ; spikelets divergent. 1. A. occidentale.

Plants green ; spikelets appressed.

Empty scales much shorter than the flowering. 2. A. repens.
Empty scales almost equal to the flowering. 3. A. pseudorepens.
Plants without running rootstocks.

Awns shorter than flowering glumes. 4, A. tenerum.

Awns as long as flowering glumes. 5. A. caninum.

1. A. occidentale Scribn. & Smith. 2°-3° high: leaves involute
when dry, smoothish beneath, scabrous above: spike 4’—7’ long : spike-
lets 6’/-9’’ long, 6-10-flowered: glumes acuminate or short-awned.—
Commonly introduced along railroads, where it occurs in great beds.
June-July.

2. A. repens (L.) Beauv. 2°-4° high: leaves flat, 7/-10’ long,
rough above, smooth beneath: spike 5/11’ long: rachis slightly hispid
to pubescent: spikelets 6’” long, 3-7-flowered: the glabrous glumes
short-awned.—Adventized along railroads, especially at Lee’s Summit
where a peculiar pubescent formsoccurs. June-July.

3. A. pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith. Resembles the last, but the
leaves are rough on both sides and the empty glumes nearly equal the
flowering ones.—Sparingly adventized at Courtney and Sheffield. July-
August.

4. A. tenerum Vasey. 1}°-23° high: leaves narrow and rough:
spike slender, 3/-6’ long, the few-flowered spikelets appressed to the
rachis, 4’’-7/’ long: empty glumes 5-nerved, acute, the flowering acu-
minate or short-awned.—Rarely adventized at Sheffield. June-July.

5. A. caninum (L.) R. &S. 1°-3° high : lower sheaths often pubes-
cent : leaves rough above, smooth beneath : spikes densely flowered, 4’-7’
lorg, the spikelets 6’” or more long.—Rarely adventized along railroads.
June-July.

53. HORDEUM L.

Flowers in close terminal spikes three at each joint of the rachis, but
the lateral flowers imperfect and stalked. Central flower sessile, its flow-
ering glume long-awnéd. Empty glumes 6, awn-pointed, forming a sort
of an involucre.

Awn of flowering glume 6” or less long. 1. H. pusillum.
Awn of flowering glume 8” or more long. 2. H. jubatum.

1. H. pusillum Nutt. Witp Barry. Erect annual, 6’-15’ high:
spikes 1’-3 long, 3/7-4”’ wide : four middle empty glumes dilated above
the base, the two lateral awn-like: lateral flowers not awn-pointed.—
Common in dry soil throughout. May-June.

38 GRAMINEAE

2. H. jubatum L. SqurrREL Tait Grass. 1°-2° high, ascending :
spikes 2’-4’ long, the awns widely spreading, so that it is 1’-2’ wide:
awns of flowering glume 8//-24/” long : lateral flowers short-awned.—In-
troduced locally in waste places. Very abundant at Sheffield. May-
June.

54. ELYMUS L. WILD Rye.

Spikelets all similar, one-seven-flowered in dense terminal spikes, ses-
sile, 2-4 at each joint of the rachis. Empty glumes two to each spikelet
forming a sort of involucre. Flowering glumes rounded on the back,
awned, 5-nerved.

Empty glumes conspicuously thickened at base.
Flowering glumes smooth. 1.
Flowering glumes hispidulous-pubescent. 2.

Empty glumes not conspicuously thickened at base.
Empty glumes strongly hirsute. 3.
Empty glumes not strongly hirsute. 4.

E. Virginicus.
E. hirsutiglumis.
E. striatus.

E. Canadensis.

1. B. Virginicus L. Culms stout, glabrous, 2°-4° high: spike 2/-5/’
long, 5/’-7/’ wide (without awns), erect, from partly included in the
upper sheath to long-peduncled: spikelets 2—3-flowered, 2-3 together :
empty glumes strongly 5-7-nerved, bearing awns of their own length.—
Common in woods and low grounds. June—October.

2. E. hirsutiglumis Scribn. Resembles No.1. Spike glaucous-whit-
ened: empty glumes rough: flowering glumes strongly hispidulous-
pubescent.—Frequent on muddy river banks and in low woods. + June—
October.

3. E. striatus Willd. 2°-4° high, slender: sheaths strongly pubescent:
spikes 2/-5’ long, 4/’-5’” wide (without awns), erect, long-exserted :
spikelets 1-2-flowered, mostly in pairs: empty glumessubulate, 3-nerved:
flowering glume 3” long, bearing an awn 12’” long. —Common in dry
soil.

4. B. Canadensis L. Culms stout, glabrous, 3°-4° high: spike 3’-9/
long, 6’’-8/’ wide (without the awns), erect to drooping, exserted :
empty glumes rough, strongly several-nerved, 15’” long with the awn;
flowering glumes soft-pubescent, the awn 9/’-15/” long.—Occasional in
dry grounds. June-October.

Var. robustus (S. & 8.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Spikes 9/’ wide
(without awns), 5’-8’ long: flowering glumes hispidulous-pubescent, the
awns often 24’’ long.—Abundantin dry grounds. (Elymus robustusS. & 8.)

Var. glaucifolius (Willd.) Gray. Whole plant strongly glaucous:
flowering glumes soft pubescent. Otherwise like var. robustus.—Occa-
sional in dry grounds, throughout, especially abundant at Little Blue
Tank.

55. HYSTRIX Moench. BorrLe-BrusH GRASS.

Spikelets in terminal spikes, 2-3 together at each joint of the rachis,

2-3-flowered, on a short pedicel. Empty glumes awl-shaped, usually

CYPERACEAE 39

absent, except in the bottom spikelet, but sometimes present in all the
spikelets. Otherwise as in Elymus.

1. H. elymoides Mackenzie & Bush, nom. nov. Culms 2°-4° high :
spikes 3’-6’ long, more or less exserted : spikelets 4/”-5”’ long : awn often
12’ long : glumes glabrous to hairy.—Frequent in rocky woods. June—
July. (Elymus Hystrix L. ; Hystrix Hystrix (L.) Millsp.)

FamILy 14. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil.

Grass or rush-like herbs with usually solid-triangular culms (some-
times terete or flattened). Flowers arranged in spikelets, one in the
axil of each scale. Perianth none or composed of bristles or scales.
Stamens one to three. Ovary one-celled, containing a single erect anat-
ropous ovule. Style 2-3-cleft. Fruit a 3-sided or lenticular achene.
Embryos minute at the base of themealy endosperm. A difficult family,
for the study of which ripe fruiting specimens are essential.

Flowers all, or at least some of them, perfect.
Scales of the spikelet strictly two-ranked.
Spikelets in a terminal inflorescence.
Spikelets with two or more perfect flowers. 1. CyYPERus.
Spikelets with but one perfect flower. 2. KYLLINGA.
Inflorescence axillary. 3. DULICHIOM.
Scales of spikelets imbricated all around.
Base of style swollen and bulbous.
Bristles (perianth) present. 4, ELEOCHARIS.
Bristles not present.
Base of style persistent. 5. STENOPHYLLUS.
Base of style not persistent. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS.
Base of style not swollen and bulbous.
Perianth bristles present.
Broad inner scales absent. 7. ScIRPUS.
Broad inner scales present. 8. FUIRENA.
Perianth bristles absent, but a minute
hyaline scale present. 9
Flowers all monoecious or dioecious.
Achene naked and bony. 10. SCLERIA.
Achene enclosed in a sac (perigynium ). 11. CaREx.

. HEMICARPHA.

1. CYPERUS I..

Culms triangular, bearing the spikelets in a terminal compound or
single cluster or head, subtended by one or more leaves which form an
involucre. Spikelets flattened, the scales two-ranked and keeled. Flow-
ers perfect and perianth none. Style 2- or 3-cleft and achene lenticular
or triangular. :

Achene lenticular ; style 2-cleft.
Styles much exserted. 1. C. diandrus.
Styles scarcely exserted. 2. C. rivularis.
Achene triangular ; style 3-cleft.
Scales tips recurved or recurved-awned.
Scales tipped with a recurved awn. 3. C. inflecus.
Scale tips merely recurved. 4. C. acuminatus.

40 CYPERACEAE

Scale tips not recurved or recurved-awned.
Annuals.

Scales falling from spikelets. 6. CO. erythrorhizos.
Spikelets falling from rachis.
Leaves rough-margined. 7. C. speciosus.
Leaves smooth-margined. 8. C. ferox.
Perennials.
Spreading by tuberiferous stolons. 5. C. esculentus.

Propagating by corm-like basal tubers.
Scales green or brownish,

Spikelets 3-flowered. 10. C. ovularis.
Spikelets more than 3-flowered.
Culms rough on the angles. 12. C. Bushii.
Culms almost smooth on the angles. 11. C. filiculmis.
Scales yellow or straw-colored. 9. C. strigosus.

1. C. diandrus Torr. Annual, 2/-12’ high with about thrée leaves to
the involucre : spikelets sessile or on short rays, linear-oblong, many-
flowered : scales brownish, membranous and dull: achene oblong, not
shining, its superficial cells quadrate.-—Along streams. Often abundant
on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June—October.

2. C. rivularis Kunth. Closely resembles the last but the styles are
scarcely exserted, and the scales are subcoriaceous and shining.—Wet,
grassy places. More or less common throughout. June—October.

3. C. inflexus Muhl. Sweet-smelling annual, 1/-5’ high, growing in
dense clumps : spikelets in close heads or with a few short rays: spike-
lets linear-oblong, 2/’-3/’ long, 7-13-flowered.—Common on sand-bars
along the Missouri River. June-—October.

4. C. acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Culms 3/-12/ high: spikelets capi-
tate or with 1-4 short rays: spikelets Oblong, many-flowered.—Exsic-
cated places.—Locally abundant. Dodson, Greenwood, Lake City, Grain
Valley. July-September.

5. C. esculentus L. Culms 1°-24° high: umbel 4-10-rayed, the rays
much shorter than the longest of the involucral leaves: spikelets some-
what flattened, straw-colored, in loose spikes 4’’-6’’ long, many-flowered :
scales nerved with acute, rather loose tips.—In low grounds. Frequent,
especially on sand-bars along the Missouri River. June—October.

6. C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Culms tufted, 3/-24° high: involucral
leaves 3-7, much longer than the rays of the compound umbel : spikelets
numerous, crowded in oblong spikes, 2}’”-6’’ long, chestnut-brown, flat:
scales mucronulate, separating from the axis at maturity. Wings of the
rachis soon separating as u pair of hyaline scales.—Along streams. Ex-
tremely abundant on sand-bars along the Missouri River. May-October.

7. C. speciosus Vahl. In general appearance much resembling the
last species, but usually lower: leaves rough-margined : spikelets sub-
terete, linear, many-flowered, 3’”-12’ long, dull-brown, 1” or less wide:
rachis broadly-winged, the wings clasping the achene: scales obtuse, over-
lapping, thin, dull-brown.—Common on sand-bars along the Missouri
River. June—October.

CYPERACEAE 41

8. C. ferox Vahl. Like the last but leaves smooth-margined : umbel
more simple: spikelets stouter, rather longer and about 1/’ thick : scales
rigid, yellowish-brown.—Collected on sand-bars along the Missouri
River. June-October.

9. C. strigosus L. Culms 6/-3° high: leaves rough-margined, those
of the involucre exceeding the rays: umbels simple to very compound :
spikelets 4-many- flowered, flat, 4’”-12’” long: scales straw-colored with
a green midrib, acutish : achene linear-oblong.—Common throughout
in damp soil. Exceedingly variable. June-October.

Var. robustior Kunth. With a large compound umbel : spikelets 8’
or more long and 10-25-flowered.—Frequent with the type. :

10. C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr. 6/’-2° high: leaves very rough-mar-
gined : spikelets 2’’-3}’’ long, about 3-flowered, in dense globose, sessile
or peduncled heads: scales green, several-nerved.—Sparingly adventized
at Sheffield. May—September.

11. C. filiculmis Vahl. Culms slender and wiry, 6’-18’ high : spike-
lets densely clustered, in one sessile head, or in 1-7 additional heads on
spreading rays: spikelets 4-11-flowered, 23/’-6’’ long: scales strongly
nerved.—Dry sterile soil, throughout, especially in the southern part, but
not common. May-Septembder.

12. C. Bushii Britton. Culms 1°-23° high: umbel 2-9-rayed, the
spikelets in loose, ovoid spikes : spikelets loosely 6-12-flowered, 4’’-8//
long : scales strongly nerved, acuminate.—One clump was found native
in sandy soil in Rush bottom at Courtney many years ago, and it has
rarely been adventized along the railroad at the same place. June-Sep-
tember.

2. KYLLINGA Rottb.

Spikelets of thiee or four two-ranked scales, the two lower empty, the
third with a perfect flower and the fourth empty or staminate. Spikelets
densely aggregated in 1-3 sessile heads and subtended by a 3-leaved invo-
lucre. Style 2-cleft and achene lenticular. Perianth none.

1. K. pumila Michx. A densely tufted annual, 2’-10’ high with usu-
ally 3-lobed heads of spikelets, 3’’-4’’ long: spikelets 1}’” long.—In
moist soil, mostly confined to the northeastern part, where it is often very
abundant. July-September.

3. DULICHIUM L.

Perennial. Stems jointed, terete and hollow, with numerous 3-ranked
leaves, the lower reduced tosheaths. Spikelets 2-ranked in axillary spikes,
linear. Scales 2-ranked and decurrent on the axis. Perianth of 6-9
downwardly barbed bristles. Stamensthree. Style 2-cleft, persistent on
the linear-oblong achene as a beak.

1. D. arundinacea (L.) Britton. 2°-3° high : leaves 2/-3}/ long, 2/”
wide: spikelets over 6’’ long, 6-12-flowered.—_Common in bogs along the
bluffs about three miles west of Sibley.

42 CYPERACEAE

4. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. SPIKE Rus.

Culms terete or flattened, naked, terminated by the solitary spikelet.
Spikelet several-many- flowered with the scales imbricated in many ranks.
Perianth of from 3-12 downwardly barbed bristles. Stamens 2-3, styles
2-3-cleft, its bulbous base persistent on the achene asatubercle. Achene
lenticular or three-angled.

Achenes lenticular, smooth.
Annuals.

Spikelets ovoid. 1. E. obtusa.

Spikelets oblong-cylindricai. 2. E. Engelmanni.
Perennials.

Culms rather stout. 3. E. palustris.

Culms slender. 4, E. glaucescens.

Achenes triangular, not smooth.
Culms 87-2° high.

Culms flattened. 5. E. acuminata.
Culms filiform. 6. E. tenuis.
Culms 1/-8’ high, capillary. 7%. E. acicularis.

1. B. obtusa Schultes. Annual with fibrous roots and terete culms :
spikelets 2/’-5/’ long, ovoid or oblong, many-flowered : bristles 6-8,
longer than the achene : tubercle deltoid, acute and flat, narrower than
and one-fourth the length of the achene.—Common on muddy shores.
June-September.

2. E. Engelmanni Steud. Closely resembles the last but the culms
are stouter, the spikelets usually longer and cylindric, the six bristles are
not longer than the achene, and the tubercle covers the top of the achene.
—Well introduced in wet places in the first deep cut along the Missouri
Pacific Railway, three-quarters of a mile south of the depot at Independ-
ence. Our form is the var. robusta Fernald. June-September.

3. E. palustris (L.) R. & S. Culms terete or flattened, 1°-3° high,
from long creeping rootstocks: spikelets many-flowered, 2/7-12/ long,
ovoid-cylindrical, thicker than the culms: scales usually brownish with
a scarious margin.—Common in wet places throughout. A frequent form
‘with flat culms is probably distinct. June.

4. EH. glaucescens Willd. Culms more slender than in the last: spike-
lets 2’”-5’” long: achenes smaller and tubercles narrower.—Low grounds
along the Missouri River near Courtney. June.

5. E. acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. Culms compressed, slender, from
stout dark rootstocks : spikelets 2/”-5’” long, ovoid, thicker than the
culm: scales acute, lanceolate: achene 3-angled, dark colored, obovoid,
papillose, much longer than the depressed-conic small tubercle.—Wet
prairies and barrens, Dodson, Iee’s Summit. May-July.

6. EB. tenuis ( Willd.) Schultes. Like the last but culms filiform and
scales obtuse.—Wet prairies, Independence, Lee’s Summit. May-July.

7. H. acicularis (L.) R. & S. Perennial: spikelets ovate or linear-
oblong, 3-many-flowered, wider than the culm: achene 3-angled, ribbed

CYPERACEAE 43

at each angle, and with several intermediate ribs, all connected by trans-
verse ridges.—In marshes and mud-holes in the northern part. Not un-
common. May-September.

5. STENOPHYLLUS Raf.

Slender annuals, with spikelets solitary, umbelled or capitate and sub-
tended by one-several leaves. Base of the style persistent as a tubercle
on the achene.

1. S. capillaris (L.) Britton. Much tufted, 2’-10’ high: culms and
leaves capillary: spikelets few, ovoid, 2/’ or less long: achene 3-angled,
transversely wrinkled.—Locally very abundant in sandy fields and woods
four miles south of Grain Valley. June-July.

6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl.
Annual or perennial with umbellate or capitate spikelets. Flowers as
in Stenophyilus, save that the enlarged base of the style is not persistent
at maturity as a tubercle.

Perennial from a thickened base. 1. F. castanea.
Annual.
Achene lenticular. 2. F. laxa.
Achene 3-angled. 3. F. Frankit.

1. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. 1°-3° high, from a bulbous thickened
base: leaves involute: umbel simple or somewhat compound: spikelets
oblong, 13/’-2’’ thick, 3’’-5’” long: achene lenticular, longitudinally
minutely striate and reticulated.—Rich prairies around Lee’s Summit
and Grand View ; adventized at Atherton. June-July.

2. F.laxa Vahl. 6’ high: umbel subsimple: spikelets 1/” wide, 3/’
long: achenes longitudinally ribbed, the ribs connected by fine cross
lines, and conspicuously tubercled.—Quite abundant in a wet, sterile,
open place about one mile north of Greenwood. August—October.

3. F. Frankii Steud. 2/-12’ high: umbelsomewhat compound : spike-
lets numerous, less than 1’ wide and 2’ long: achene obovoid, 3-angled,
reticulated.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River at Courtney and Sibley.
Rare and local.

7. SCIRPUS L. BULRUSH.

Spikelets from few- to many-flowered, one to very many, solitary or in
spikes or umbels. Flowers perfect. Bristle present. Scales imbricated
allaround. Style 2-3-cleft, not swollen at the base and wholly deciduous,
or its base persistent as an awl-like tip. Achenes lenticular or triangular.

Spikelets 1-7, appearing lateral. 1. &. Americanus,
Spikelets 7-many.
Culms terete, leafless. 2. S. lacustris.

Culms three-angled, leafy.
Bristles downwardly barbed.
Spikelets 8’’-12/’ long, 1-5 together. 3. S. fluviatilis.
Spikelets 1/’-3/’ long, 6-75 together. 4. S. atrovirens.

44 CYPERACEAE

Bristles not barbed.
Bristles shorter than or scarcely exceeding the

scales. 5. S. lineatus.
Bristles much exserted beyond the scales when . :
mature. 6. S. eyperinus.

1. S. Americanus Pers. Perennial with a sharply 3-angled culm:
spikelets 1-7, appearing lateral, the single involucral leaf seeming to be
a continuation of the culm: spikelets oblong-ovoid, 3’’-4’’ long, the
scales short-awned : achene plano-convex.—Wet places at Courtney and
Sheffield. May-July.

2. S. lacustris L. A stout perennial, 3°-9° high: umbel appearing
lateral, compound, usually many-flowered : spikelets about 4’” long and
13’ broad, ovate-oblong: scales mucronate-tipped: bristles barbed :
achene plano-convex, white.—Common in all ponds, and often along
rivers. May—September.

3. S. fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray. Culms sharply 3-angled, 3°-6° tall :
culm leaves 6-8’ wide: spikelets sessile, or sessile and crowded at the
ends of the raylets: the raylets 5-9 and often 5’ long : achene triangular.
—Loeally common in ponds, Sheffield, Lake City. May-July.

4. S. atrovirens Muhl. Culms 2°-4° high, 3-angled : spikelets brown-
ish in dense capitate clusters, in a terminal compound umbel: spikelets
6-20 together, 1/”-3’ long : scales sharp-pointed : bristles 6, downwardly
barbed above: achene triangular.—In bogs and low grounds in north-
eastern part. June-July.

Var. pallidus Britton. Spikelets greenish-brown, 20-75 together in
the capitate clusters.—Common in damp places throughout.

5. S. lineatus Michx. Culm triangular, leafy, 1°-4° high: umbel
very compound : spikelets oblong-cylindrical, at length drooping, 2’’-5/’”
long : bristles 6, smooth at maturity, barely if at all exceeding the acute
scales.—Common in wet woods or prairies. May-June.

6. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. A stout perennial, 2°-5° high: umbel
very compound : spikelets ovoid-oblong, 1}’”-23’’ long: bristles at ma-
turity much exceeding the scales and very conspicuous, rust-colored.—In
a bog along the foot of the bluffs three-fourth of a mile east of Courtney.
June-July.

8. FUIRENA Rottb.

Culms triangular, leafy. Spikelets in axillary and terminal clusters.
Scales imbricated all around, awned. Perianth of three cordate-ovate
or ovate-oblong scales on claws, alternating with as many downwardly
barbed bristles. Stamens three and styles 3-cleft. Achene triangular,
tipped with the non-swollen persistent base of the style.

1. F. simplex Vahl, A hairy tufted perennial, 10’ high: leaves
1’-1}’ long, 13/’-2/” wide, with loose sheaths: spikelets 3/’-6’’ long:
scales recurved-awned : perianth scales notched at apex, cordate at

CYPERACEAE 45

base, awned from below the apex, prominently nerved.—On sand-hars
along the Mississippi River at Courtney. Very rare. July—October.

9. HEMICARPHA Nees & Am.

Low, tufted annuals with flowers as in Scirpus, save that there is one
very small inconspicuous hyaline scale at the base of the ovary. Style
2-cleft. Stamen one,

1. H. micrantha (Vahl.) Britton. 1/-5’ high with capillary culms :
spikelets 2-3 together, 1/’/-2’’ long, sessile—Moist sandy soil along
rivers, especially the Missouri River. Well distributed, but never com-
mon. June—October.

10. SCLERIA Berg.

Leafy perennial with triangular culms from creeping rootstocks, and
monoecious spikelets in terminal, or terminal and axillary clusters. Pis-
tillate spikelets 1-flowered, usually intermingled with the many-flowered
staminate ones. Style 3-cleft. Achenes ovoid to globular, white, bony
and crustaceous.

1. S. triglomerata Michx. Nut Rus. 14°-3° tall, erect but nod-
ding at the summit, roughish : achene ovoid-globose, very white, shining
and smooth, 1’’ high, supported on a crustaceous disk.—Occurs locally
in sterile placeson the prairie near Oak Grove, Grand View and Lee’s
Summit. June-July.

11. CAREX L. SEDGE.

Perennial sedges with mostly triangular culms, 3-ranked leaves and
monoecious flowers in spikes. The staminate and pistillate flowers either
borne in the same spikes or in different spikes. Spikes usually subtended
by bracts. Floral envelopes none, the staminate flowers consisting of
three stamens, and the pistillate of a single pistil with a bifid or a trifid
style. Achene triangular or lenticular, completely enclosed in a sac,
called the perigynium.

Staminate flowers numerous and conspicuous, in
one or more terminal spikes (sometimes pis-
tillate at base or apex,
Perigynia strongly beaked, the beak terminat-
ing in two well-developed teeth. I.
Perigynia beakless or beaked: if beaked the
beak not terminating in two well-developed
teeth. II.
Staminate flowers few and inconspicuous, borne
at the base or apex of the pistillate spike.

Staminate flowers at the summit of the spikes. TIL.
Staminate flowers at the base of the spikes. IV.
I.

Perigynia thin, noticeably inflated.
Perigynia 6’” or more long.
Pistillate spikes globose. 1. C. Asa-Grayi.

46 CYPERACEAE

Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindrical.
Perigynia 5’” or less Jong.
Perigynia tapering into the long beak.
Staminate spikes several.
Staminate spike usually one.
Spikes 6’ thick ; perigynia faintly
nerved.
Spikes 43’’ thick ; perigynia strongly
nerved,
Perigynia abruptly narrowed into beak.
Scales exceeding perigynia.
Perigynia exceeding scales.
Perigynia tapering into minute beak.
Perigynia thick, scarcely inflated.
Perigynia glabrous.
Perigynia teeth 1’/’ or more long.
Scales acuminate.
Scales with long cusp.
Perigynia teeth 1’ or less long.
Perigynia hairy.

II.

Perigynia beak short or wanting.
Staminate spikes usually two or more.
Pistillate spikes erect.
Lowest bract 4’-5’ long.
Lowest bract 17-2’ long.
Pistillate spikes drooping.
Staminate spike one ; pistillate above.
Leaves smooth.
Leaves hairy.
Spikes stout, 6’” long.
Spikes slender, 1/ long.
Staminate spike one ; staminate throughout.
Perigynia beakless or nearly so.
Leaves 2’’-3’’ wide.
Leaves 1//-2’” wide.
Perigynia with a short, straight beak.
Spikes many-flowered.
Spikes 12 or fewer- flowered.
Sheaths smooth.
Sheaths scabrous-pubescent.
Perigynia with a short abruptly bent beak.
Leaves 1//-43/’ wide.
Upper scales obtuse.
Upper scales acute.
Leaves 6’’ or more wide.
Perigynia beak stout, half the length of the body
G&* or more. :
Culms exceeding the leaves.
Plant strongly pubescent.
Plant glabrous.
Staminate spike 6’”-12’’ long.
Staminate spike 2//-4’’ long.
Culms much shorter than the leaves.
Pistillate spikes several-flowered.
Pistillate spikes 1-3-flowered.

6.

7. C. typhinoides.
17. C. Davisii.

8. C. trichocarpa.
9. C. aristata.
10. C. riparia.
11. C. lanuginosa.
12. C. stricta.

13. C. Haydeni.
14. C. gynandra.
15. C. Shortiana.
16. C. hirsuta.
17. C. Davisit.
18. C. grisea.

19. C. amphibola.
20. C. granularis.
21. C. oligocarpa.
22. C. Hitchcockiana.
23. C. Meadii.
24. C. laxiflora.

. C. lupulina.

C. monile.

. lurida.
. hystricina.

C.
Cc.
C. Frankii.
C.
C.

25. C. Albursina,

29.

26.
27.

28.
30.

C. pubescens.

C. Pennsylvanica.
C. varia.

C. umbellata.
C. Jamesii.

CYPERACEAE 47

III.

Inflorescence usually 13’ or more long, the
clusters compound.
Beak of the perigynium longer than the body.

Beak 1-2 times length of body. 32. C. stipaia.

Beak 3-4 times length of body. 33. C. Crus-Corvi.
Beak of perigynium shorter than the body.

Perigynium and beak 2/7 long. 31. C. conjuncta.

Perigynium and beak 13’” or less long.
Scales acute to acuminate.

Leaves exceeding stem. 35. C. vulpinoidea.
Stem exceeding leaves. 36. C. xanthocarpa.
Scales obtusish. 37. C. Sartwellii.

Inflorescence usually less than 13’ long, the
clusters rather simple.
Clusters strongly separated.
Leaves 3//-13’” wide.

Perigynia radiating. 38. C. rosea.
Perigynia reflexed at maturity. 39. C. retroflexa.
Leaves 23’”~43’” wide. 40. C. sparganoides.
Clusters aggregated.
Heads green when mature.
Leaves 2/’-4” wide. 41. C. cephaloidea.

Leaves 3/’-2/ wide.
Head 6” or less long, the clusters hardly

recognizable.
Leaves 1/7-2’ wide. 42. C. cephalophora.
Leave 1” or less wide. 43. C. Leavenworthii.
Head 6” or more long, the clusters rec-
ognizable. 44. C. Muhlenbergit.
Heads yellowish at maturity. 34. C. gravida.
IV.
Perigynia widely spreading. 45. C. sterilis.

Perigynia not widely spreading.
Perigynia 2-5 times as long as wide.

Spikes narrowly cylindric, 6//-12’' long. 46. C. Muskingumensis.
Spikes globular to short-oblong.
Spikes cone-shaped above. 48. C. scoparia.
Spikes bluntish.
Perigynia erect. 47.%C. tribuloides.
Perigynia spreading. ; 49. C. cristatella.

Perigynia less than twice as long as wide.
Heads greenish- brown.

Perigynia ovate. 50. C. straminea,
Perigynia orbicular. 51. C. festucacea.
Heads silvery-green. 52. C. Bicknellit.

1. C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. 2°-3° high: leaves many, 3//-43/” wide:
pistillate spikes 1-2, 1’ in diameter, perfectly globular, 10-30-flowered :
perigynia much-inflated, many-nerved, 6’’-10’ long.—In low, wet woods
near Lake City and Sibley. Rare. May-June.

2. C. lupulina Muhl. 2°-4° high: leaves 2}’’-4’’ wide: pistillate
spikes 2-6, ohblong-cylindrical, 1/-23’ long, densely many-flowered, sessile
of short-stalked: perigynia 6’’-9’ long, much inflated, many-nerved.—

48 CYPERACEAE

Low wet woods from Sibley to Atherton. Locally abundant. May-—
September.

3. C. monile Tuckerm. Culms 2°-3° high: leaves 1}/’-2}’’ wide:
staminate spikes 2-4: pistillate 1-3, 1/-2’ long, narrowly cylindric,
many-flowered: perigynia somewhat inflated, 24’’ long, strongly-nerved.
Abundant near Lake City and Sibley. May-June.

4. C. lurida Wahl. 1}°-3° high: leaves long and rough: pistillate
spikes 2-4, densely flowered, erect, spreading or drooping, sessile or short-
stalked, 9’’-24’’ long: perigynia 10-nerved, inflated, slender-beaked, 4’”
long, the teeth 1/’-2’” long: staminate spike solitary.—Very common in
bogs along the bluffs west of Sibley. June-July.

Var. exundans Bailey. Pistillate spikes all long-stalked.—Occasionally
occurs with the type.

5. C. hystricina Muhl. Like the last, but pistillate spikes shorter
(3/-14 long), the lower slender-stalked and drooping : perigynia 3/’-2’’
long, little-inflated, 15-20-nerved, the beak strongly toothed.—With the
last, but matures from May-June before C. lurida is noticeable.

6. C. Frankii Kunth. 1°-2° high, with long rough leaves and similar
bracts, much longer than the culm: pistillate spikes 3-5, very dense,
4/-14/ long. 4’’ in diameter: perigynia abruptly contracted and depressed
at the summit, from the center of which depression arises the slender beak.
—Common in wet grounds throughout. June-September.

7. C. typhinoides Schwein. 2°-3° high: leaves 2/’-3’’ wide: spikes
1-3, oblong, densely flowered, #/-13/ long, 6’’ in diameter, the terminal
staminate at base; perigynia obovoid, widely spreading or ascending,
peaked, twice the length of the inconspicuous scale. Bogs west of Sibley.
Not common. May-June.

8. C. trichocarpa Muhl. 1°-4° high, stout: leaves and .bract exceed-
ing the culms: staminate spikes 2-6: pistillate spikes 2-5, cylindric,
1/-4’ long: perigynia long-conic, 4’’-5’’ long, many-nerved, tapering
into astout 2-toothed beak, smooth : scale hyaline, shorter than perigynia.
Our form is var. imberbis Gray.—Low swales in the Missouri River bot-
toms. Not common. May-June.

9. C. aristata R. Br. Resembles the last, but sheaths pubescent : spikes
sometimes 5’ long: perigynia slender: scales terminating in an awn of
their own length.—Abundant around Fish Lake near Sibley. May-June.

10. C. riparia. Curtis. Culms 2°-4° high: leaves rough, long and
broad : staminate spikes several : pistillate spikes 2-4, 13’-4/ long, usually
erect, loosely flowered below: perigynia ovate-lanceolate, not inflated,
few-nerved, coriaceous : scale exceeded by perigynia.—Low swales and
swamps, especially along the Missouri River. Common. May-June.

11. C. lanuginosa Michx. Culms 2°-3° high, rough above: leaves
1/’-2”’ wide : staminate spikes 1-3: pistillate spikes 2-3, rather distant,
1/-2/ long, densely flowered : perigynia hairy, ribbed, 1/’ in diameter,

CYPERACEAE 49

oval, with short beak.—Low prairies and swales throughout. Locally
very abundant. May-June.

12. C. stricta Lam, 2°-4° high: leaves long and narrow, their lower
sheaths sometimes prominently fibrillose : staminate spikes 2 or more: pis-
tillate spikes 2-5, densely flowered, 3/-2’ long, 2/’-3/’ broad, nearly
sessile, the upper often staminate above: perigynia ovate, 1/’ long,
minutely beaked: scales about length of perigynia.—Low swales and
prairies throughout. Locally common. May-June.

Var. angustata (Boott) Bailey. Pistillate spikes often 4’ long, erect :
seales usually longer than perigynia.—With the type but rarer. May—
June.

13. C. Haydeni Dewey. Likethelast : culms lower and more slender,
leaves 1” or less wide: sheaths not fibrillose: pistillate spikes 6//-14/”
long, 2’’ or less wide, sessile : staminate portion small: perigynia ovate-
orbicular.— Low wet prairies west of Lake City. Rare. May-June.

14. C. gynandra Schwein. 2°-5° high: staminate spikes usually 2:
pistillate spikes 3-6, narrowly cylindrical, 2/-4’ long, 3/’-4/’ wide,
curved and drooping: perigynia ovate, elliptic, acute, 1}/” long, nerve-
less, much shorter than the subulate scale.—In a swale along the railroad,
a mile east of Courtney. A few clumps. May-June.

15. C. Shortiana Dewey. Culms 1°-3° high: spikes 3-5, approxi-
mate at summit of culm, very densely flowered, the uppermost staminate
at base, 3/-1}’ long, 2’” in diameter: perigynia flat, orbicular, nerve-
less, minutely beaked.—Common throughout in low grounds. May-
June.

16. C. hirsuta Willd. 1°-1}° high: leaves and sheaths pubescent :
spikes 2-5, sessile, contiguous, short-oblong, 3’’-8’’ long, 3’’ wide: peri-
gynia 3’/-1’’ long, flat, oval, few-nerved, beakless, longer than scales.—
In dry copses near Leeds and Independence. Not common.

17. C. Davisii Schwein. & Torr. 14°-3° high: leaves 2/’-3’’ wide,
sparingly pubescent: spikes 3-5, all long-stalked and spreading, the
uppermost staminate at base, 6’”-18’” long, 3’ wide: perigynia 2’’ long,
ovoid, inflated and strongly nerved, the beak minutely 2-toothed : scales
lanceolate, conspicuously long-awned.—Rather common in moist thickets
and woods throughout. May-June.

18. C. grisea Wahl. 1°-2° high, slightly glaucous: leaves and
bracts 2/’-33/’ wide, the latter overtopping the spikes : staminate spikes
solitary, small and sessile : pistillate spikes 3-5, 5/’-8”’ long, oblong, com-
pact, the upper sessile, the lower peduncled : perigynia 23” long, oblong,
beakless and finely striate: scales cuspidate.—Low woods along the
Little Blue River west of Lake City. Notcommon. May-June.

19. C. amphibola Steud. Culms slender, 1°-23° high : leaves 1/7-2//
wide : staminate spike solitary, peduncled : pistillate spikes 2-5, 67-12’
long, slender, loosely several-flowered, all peduncled : perigynia 2’’ long,

4

50 CYPERACEAE

oblong, pointed but beakless, 2-ranked : scales cuspidate.—Near Lake
City and Martin City. Uncommon. May-June.

20. C. granularis Muhl. 1°-23° high, glaucous : leaves flat, 13//-3/”
wide: staminate spike solitary: pistillate spikes 2-4, erect, compact,
short-oblong, 1/ or less long: perigynia 1’’ long, ovoid, short-beaked and
strongly nerved.—Moist woods and meadows, especially in the northern
part. Quite frequent. May-June.

21. C. oligocarpa Schk. Like C. amphibola - pistillate spikes 4/’-8/’
long, looser flowered: perigynia 1//-1}/’ long, abruptly contracted into
a short beak, many-striate.—Common in rich woods. April-June.

22. C. Hitchcockiana Dewey. Culms erect, 1°-2° high: leaves
about 2” wide, their sheaths scabrous-pubescent: pistillate spikes 2-4,
like the last: perigynia ovoid, stoutly beaked, shorter than the rough-
awned scale.—Frequent in rich woods from Courtney to Sibley. May-
June. .

23. C. Meadii Dewey. Usually less than 1° high: staminate spike
solitary, stout, long-stalked : pistillate spikes 2-3, stout, densely several—
many-flowered, 3’’-13’’ long: perigynia 14/’-2/’ long, oblong, many-
nerved, the beak usually strongly bent, longer than the scale-—Common
on prairies and in dry oak woods, especially in the southern part. May-
June.

24. C. laxiflora Lam. Culms 6/-2° high, glabrous: leaves 3’ or less
wide: staminate spike stalked: pistillate spikes loosely few-flowered,
3/-l’ long: perigynia triangular, 1}/ long, obovate, strongly nerved, with
a much bent beak: scales scarious-margined.—A common species in
woods and thickets. May-June.

Var. blanda (Dewey) Boott. Lower : pistillate spikes 4’ or less long,
more densely flowered, the upper sessile and contiguous to the inconspicu-
ous sessile staminate spike.—Very common in open woods and meadows.

Var. varians Bailey. 1}°-24° high : leaves often 34” wide: pistillate
spikes 3’-13’ long, the two upper sessile and contiguous to the usually
sessile staminate spike.—Rich copses in the northeastern portion. Not
uncommon.

Var. patulifolia (Dewey) Carey. Glaucous: leaves 3//-5/ broad:
staminate spike conspicuous, peduncled : pistillate spike often 1/ or more
long, loosely flowered : perigynia beak nearly straight.—In rich woods
near Levasy. Rare.

25. C. Albursina Sheldon. 1° or less high : leaves numerous, 6/”-18”
wide, the bracts similar and much longer than the loosely-flowered pistil-
late spikes : staminate spike nearly sessile : perigynia 3’”-4/ long, strongly
nerved and short-beaked.—A strongly marked species found quite abund-
autly in the wet rocky bluff woods at Courtney. May-June.

26. C. Pennsylvanica Lam. 67-15’ high, strongly stoloniferous :
leaves narrow and somewhat involute : staminate spike brownish-purple-
nearly sessile, 3’-1’ long: pistillate spikes 1-3, sessile, short and few-

CYPERACEAE 51

flowered, usually contiguous: perigynia 1/ long, round-ovate, hairy.—
Very common in dry woods and on the prairie. April-May.

27. C. varia Mubl. Resembles the last but staminate spike only 2//-4””
long, sessile : pistillate spikes 2-4: perigynia oblong.—Infrequent in dry
rocky woods throughout the northern part. April-May.

28. C. umbellata Schk. Densely tufted, leaves 3/’-2’’ wide, often 1°
long: spikes on scapes 1/-2’ long, numerous, hidden among the leaves
or on short culms: pistillate spikes filiform-stalked or sessile at the base
of the solitary staminate spike, several-flowered, 2//-4” long: perigynia
1” long, minutely hairy.—In dry soil. Common near Dodson ; also found
north of Lee’sSummit. April-May.

29. C. pubescens Muh]. About 13° high, pubescent all over: stami-
nate spike sessile and inconspicuous: pistillate spikes 2-5, 4’/’-10” long.
erect and nearly sessile: perigynia ovoid, 2’ long, densely hairy —In
rich woods near Sibley and Independence. May-July.

30. C. Jamesii Schwein. 12/ or less high : leaves 13’’ wide, much exe
ceeding the culms: spikes small, the staminate portion slender and in-
conspicuous, with 2-4 pistillate flowers at base ; perigynia globular, pro-
longed into a rough, two-edged, stout beak : lower scales bract-like and
foliaceous.—Common in dark, rich woods throughout. May-June.

31. C. conjuncta Boott. Culms weak, 1°-3° high, sharply triangular :
leaves often 43’’ wide : head 1’-3’ long, the lower spikes separated : bracts
inconspicuous : perigynia 13’’ long, lance-ovate, tapering into a rough
beak, about the length of the cuspidate scale.—Not uncommon in moist
meadows and thickets in the northern part. May-June.

32. C. stipata Muhl. Culms 2°-3° high: leaves 2/’-4’’ wide : head
1/-4’ long, usually not branched, the spikes yellowish-brown and
crowded : perigynia lanceolate, 2’” long, the beak longer than the body
and much exceeding the scale.-—Frequent in moist meadows from Sheffield
and Adams to Sibley and Levasy. May-June.

33. C. Crus-Corvi Shuttlw. Culms 2°-4° high: leaves 5’” or less
wide : head very compound, 4/-12’ long : spikes yellowish-brown : peri-
gynia lanceolate, 4’ long, the beak more than thrice the length of the
body : scale one-fourth the length of the perigynia.—Locally common
around swamps at Sibley and Atherton. June-July.

34. C. gravida Bailey. Culms 1°-33° high: leaves 1’7-2” wide, usu-
ally shorter than the culm: the globular spikes aggregated in a short
(1/-14/ long) oblong head, somewhat interrupted: perigynia broadly
ovate, 2’ long, polished and widely spreading when ripe.—Common in
dry soil, especially on dry prairies throughout the southern part. May-
June.

Var. laxifolia Bailey. Leaves 3’ wide: head dense, not interrupted.
—Prairies near Lee’s Summit.

35. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Culms often 3° high, exceeded by the
Jeaves : head 1/-5’ long, usually interrupted, the numerous spikes 2/’-4’”

52 CYPERACEAE

long, densely flowered : bracts setaceous : perigynia broadly ovate, green-
ish-yellow, 1’’ long, tipped by a two-toothed beak, half the length of the
body.—Common in moist soil throughout. May-June.

36. C. xanthocarpa Bicknell. Resembles the last: head dense, 3/-2’
long, the bracts conspicuous or inconspicuous: perigynia 13’” long,
bright-yellow, ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, tipped with a minutely
two-toothed beak. — Frequent in low grounds throughout. May-
June. ‘

37, C. Sartwellii Dewey. Culms 1°-3° high, exceeding the long-
attenuate leaves: head 1/-3’ long, narrow and somewhat separated :
bracts setaceous, usually small: spikes 2’”-4” long: perigynia lance-
elliptic, 1’” long, contracted into a short beak : scales blunt, pale-brown,
and hyaline tipped.—Low meadows west of Lake City.

38. C. rosea Schk. Culms bright green, 1°-1}° high, weak and
often reclining : leaves narrow: spikes 5-8, 5-16-flowered, the upper
aggregated, the lower 2-4 widely separated : perigynia widely radiating,
lance-ovate, flat, bright green, 1}/’ long.—Rather common in dry woods.
May-June.

Var. radiata Dewey. Spikes 2-5, only 2-6-flowered.—With the type
but more common. May-June.

39. C. retroflexa Muhl. Erect culms, 1°-13° high: spikes closely
aggregated, the lower one or two separated : perigynia 13’’ long, ovate-
lanceolate, corky-thickened at the base, reflexed at maturity —Woods
near Courtney. May-June.

40. C. sparganioides Muhl. Culms sharply 3-angled, 2°-3° high:
leaves 3/’-4’” broad: spikes 6-12, more or less separated: perigynia
ovate, 13’ long, wing-margined, longer than the scale.—Rich woods
throughout. May-July.

41. C. cepha oidea Dewey. Culms erect but not stiff, 2°-3° high :
leaves 2/-4” broad : head 9//-15’’ long, with spikes commonly distinct
but not separated : perigynia 2’” long, nerveless, ovate-lanceolate, twice
the length of the membranous scale.—Rocky woods along Spring Branch
near Pixley’s Switch. June.

42. C. cephalophora Muhl. Erect: culms 1°-2° high : leaves 1/”-2””
wide: head 6’” long, short-oblong, never interrupted: bracts setaceous :
perigynia 1’’-1}/’ long, ovate, nerveless, about the length of the scale.—
Common in dry ground. May-July. :

43. C. Leavenworthii Dewey. About 1° high: leaves 1/’ or less
wide : head 4’’-8’’ long, not interrupted and with short bracts : perigynia
less than 1/’’ long, orbicular-ovate : scale shorter and narrower than the
perigynia.—Sandy, bluff woods near Courtney. Locally common. May-
June.

44. ©. Muhlenbergii Schk. Culms 1°-2}° high, longer than the nar-
row (1//-2/’ wide) leaves : head 9’”-12/” long, the clusters recognizable :

CYPERACEAE 53
spikes 4-10, globose: perigynia orbicular-ovate, 14/” long, not nerved,
shorter than the scale.—In dry ground near Lee’s Summit and Courtney.
May-June. Our form is var. Xalapensis (Kunth) Britton.

45. C. sterilis Willd. Culms 8’-20/ high: leaves less than 1/” wide:
spikes 3-5, several-many-flowered, usually separate, the staminate flow-
ers usually numerous: perigynia ovate-lanceolate, 14/” long, nerved,
tapering into a sharp, rough beak, half the length of the body, longer
than the scale.—Prairie near Lee’sSummit. May-June.

46. C. Muskingumensis Schwein. Stout culms, 2°-3° high: leaves
23’’ wide or less: spikes distinct, light brown, 6/’-12’’ long, oblong-
cylindric, many-flowered : perigynia linear-lanceolate, 3/’--4’’ long, much
longer than the scale.—In swampy ground near Lake City and Sibley-
May-June.

47. C. tribuloides Wahl. 1°-3° high : leaves about 2/’ wide: spikes
6-20, short-oblong, truncate at summit, 3/’-6’”’ long, 3/’/-4” wide: peri-
gynia 2//-3’’ long, lanceolate, ascending or erect, twice the length of the
scale.—In moist meadows throughout. May-June.

Var. turbata Bailey. Spikes 3’ long, 23’” wide, ovoid-oblong : head
1/-2’ long, the lower spike separated: — Low grounds from Sheffield to
Sibley.

48. C. scoparia Schk. Culms 1°-23° high: leaves about 1/ wide:
spikes 3-8, brownish, 3-8’ long, oblong-conic, close together, usually
bractless : perigynia 2//-3/ long, lanceolate, erect or ascending, longer
than the scale.—Common on prairies near Waldo Park, Lee’s Summit and
Atherton. June. :

49. C. cristatella Britton. Culms 14°-3° high: leaves 13/”-2/ wide:
spikes 6-15, globular, 2’’-3’” long, contiguous : perigynia 14/’-2/ long,
ovate-lanceolate, spreading or ascending, their points conspicuous, much
longer than the scale.—Common in low meadows and thickets. May-
June. :

50. C. straminea Willd. Culms 1°-3° high: leaves 3//-2/ wide:
spikes 3-8, globular, 3’’-4’’ broad, distinct : perigynia 13’” long, ovate,
wing-margined, ascending or spreading, exceeding the scale.—Infre-
quent in woods. Our form is var. mirabilis (Dewey) Tuckerm. May-—
June. :

51. C. festucacea Willd. Culms stiff and erect, 1°-3° high: leaves
1//-2/ wide : spikes 3-8, 3’’-5”” broad, greenish-brown, oblong to globu-
‘Jar, contiguous, short-bracted : perigynia orbicular, broadly margined,
13” long, ascending, about the length of the scale-—Common in open
grounds. May-June.

52. C. Bicknellii Britton. Culms 2°-4° high: leaves 13’”-23” wide:
spikes 3-7, 4’/’/-6’’ long, ovoid, silvery-green, close together: perigynia
orbicular, strongly winged, 2/’/-3” long.—Frequent in dry or wet open
grounds throughout. May-June.

54 LEMNACEAE

Famity 15. ARACEAE Neck.
Herbs with dioecious, monoecious or perfect flowers on a spadix sur-
rounded by aspathe. Perianth absent or of 4-6 sepals. Stamens 4-10.
Ovary with 1-several ovules. Fruit berry-like.

Leaves compound. 1. ARISAEMA.
Leaves simple and rush-like. 2, ACORUS.

1. ARISAEMA Mart.

Perennial froman acrid corm. Flowers dioecious or monoecious at the
base of the spadix. Perianth absent. Staminate flowers composed of a
few, nearly sessile, 2-4-celled anthers, the pistillate of a 1-celled ovary
containing 1-8 ovules.

Leaf divided into 3 leaflets. 1. A. triphyllum.
Leaf divided into 7-11 leaflets. 2. A. Dracontium.

1. A. triphyllum (L.) Torr. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. Leaves 1-2, with
3 elliptical-ovate leaflets: spathe hooded and curving over the spadix,
opened at the throat: spadix 2/-3’ long, club-shaped.—Rather common
in rich damp woods. April-May.

2. A. Dracontium (L.) Schott. GREEN DRAGON. Leaf usually
solitary, divided into 7-15 oblong-lanceolate leaflets: spathe oblong,
acuminate and convolute at the apex, much exceeded by the long (1/-9’)
and slender tip of the spadix.—In woods throughout. Well distributed,
but nowhere abundant. May.

2. ACORUS L.

Herbs from long running, pungent aromatic rootstocks. Scapes 3-
angled, similar to the leaves. The spadix seemingly lateral, the spatbe
appearing like a continuation of the culm. Flowers perfect, densely
covering the spadix. Sepals and stamens 6. Ovary 2-4-celled with several
ovules in each cell.

1. A. Calamus L. SWEET FLAG. 2°-5° high.—Very abundant ina
swamp near the Little Blue River east of Atherton ; Levasy. May.

Famity 16. LEMNACEAE Dumort.

Minute floating aquatics, consisting of a frond, bearing flowers from
the edge or surface. Flowers monoecious, consisting of a single stamen
ora single pistil. Ovary bearing 1-6 erect ovules. The species are all
known as ‘‘ Duckweeds.”’

_Frond with several rootlets. 1. SPIRODELA.
Frond with one rootlet. 2. LEMNA.
Frond without rootlets. 3. WOLFFIA,

1. SPIRODELA Schleid.
Fronds 7-12-nerved. Ovary bearing two ovules.
1. S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Fronds 2/-5’” long, round-obovate,

green above, purplish beneath, usually 7-nerved.—Often very common in
ponds and ditches.

COMMELINACEAE 55

2. LEMNA L.
Frond 1-5-nerved. Flowers usually three together from a spathe, two
staminate and one pistillate, the latter containing 7-12 ovules.

Fronds stalked at base. 1, L. trisulea.
Fronds not stalked at hase.
Fronds not symmetrical.

Fronds 1-nerved. 2. DL. cyclostasa,
Fronds 3-nerved. 3. L. perpusilla.
Fronds symmetrical. 4. L. minor.

1. L. trisulea L. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, 5’’-10’’ long, attenuate
at base into a slender stalk, denticulate at apex, thin, usually several
connected.—Common in poolsat Sheffield, Lake City and Sibley. Summer.

2. L. cyclostasa Phillippi. Frond elliptic-oblong, 1/’-2’’ long, thick-
ish, obscurely 1-nerved.—Common in a pond near Sheffield and Courtney.
Summer.

3. L. perpusilla Torr. Frond obovate, 1/’-14/’ long, thickish, ob-
scurely 3-nerved, abruptly narrowed into a short stalk.—Ib ponds near
Courtney, Sheffield and Sibley. Summer.

Var. trinervis Austin. Fronds strongly 3-nerved.— Ponds near Sheffield.

4. L. minor L. Frond elliptic-obovate to suborbicular, 1//-2/ long,
thickish, obscurely 3-nerved and never plainly stalked.— Often very
abundant in ponds at Sheffield, Sibley, Grain Valley and Lake City-
Summer.

3. WOLFFIA Horkel.

Fronds nerveless. Flowers two together, the one staminate, the other
pistillate. Ovule solitary.

1. ‘W. Columbiana Karst. Frond globose, 3’/-3’’ long, not dotted :
stomata 1-6. Floats just beneath tne surface of the water.—In ponds
near Atherton,-Sheffield and Lake City. June-July.

FaMILy 17, COMMELINACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with perfect, 6-androus flowers subtended by spathe-like or leafy
bracts. Perianth double, the outer of three green sepals, the inner of three
ephemeral petals. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-3-celled, with 1-several ovules
in each cell. Style one.

Two of the petals much larger than the third. 1. COMMELINA.
Petals all similar. 2. TRADESCANTIA.

1. COMMELINA L. DAy FLOWER.

Flowers subtended by a spathe-like bract. Sepals unequal, the two
lateral partly united. Petals blue, the two lateral on long claws, the
other smaller. Three stamens perfect, the other three sterile and smaller.
Filaments glabrous.

1. C. c1ispa Wooton. 1°-3° high: leaves lanceolate, 3’-5’ long:
spathe cucullate : each cell of ovary 1-ovuled, the dorsal one indehiscent.—

56 PONTEDERIACEAE

In sandy soil near Martin City, Little Blue Tank and Lake City. July-
August.
2. TRADESCANTIA L.
Bracts leaf-like. Flowers regular, umbellate. Sepals and petals three
each, the latter ovate and sessile. Stamens 6, all similar, the filaments
beautifully bearded. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.

Sepals nearly glabrous. 1. T. reflexa.
Sepals strongly hairy. ’
Leaves long-ciliate at base. 2. T. occidentalis.
Leaves not long-ciliate at base. 3. T. bracteata.

1. T. reflexa Raf. Smoora SripERWorRT. 1°-4° high, glaucous:
leaves spreading, 8/-20/ long, 5’’-7// wide: umbels many-flowered :
pedicels reflexed at maturity: sepals hairy at tip: petals blue or pur-
plish.—Common in open ground, especially on prairies. May-June.

2. T. occidentalis Britton. WESTERN SPIDERWORT. 1°-2° high,
glabrous : leaves ascending, short-hairy, 7-15’ long, 3/’-5’’ wide, flattish,
exceeding thestems: umbels few-flowered.—In barrens along Brush Creek
and at Dodson. May-June.

3. T. bracteata Small. Hairy SPIDERWoRT. 8/-15’ high: leaves
widely spreading, 4’-8’ long, 5’’-8’” wide, strongly keeled: umbels few-
flowered : flowers reddish.—Frequent on prairies throughout. May-June.

Famity 18. .PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort.

Marsh plants with flowers subtended by leafy spathes. Perianth col-
ored, 6-merous, free from the ovary. Stamens 3 or 6, inserted on its
throat, unequal. Ovary 3-celled and many-ovuled, or 1-celled and 1-
ovuled.

Stamens six. 1. Ponreperra.
Stamens three. 2. HETERANTHERA.
1. PONTEDERIA L.

Flowers numerous, blue, ephemeral, on a long scape. Perianth 2-
lipped, the upper three lobes ovate, the three lower linear-oblong and
spreading. Stamens six, three long-exserted, the other three on short fila-
ments. Ovary 3-celled, two of the cells abortive, the other. 1-ovuled.

1. P. cordata L. PicKEREL WEED. 1°-3° high: leaves ovate, cor-
date-sagittate, long-petioled, blunt at apex: inflorescence glandular-
pubescent.—Occurs locally in marshes between Adams and Lake City.
June-August.

2. HETERANTHERA R. &P.

Spathes 1-several flowered. Flowerssmall. Perianth divisions equal.

Stamens three. Ovary 3-celled with numerous ovules.

Flowers blue.

Spathes 2-6-flowered. 1. A. reniformis.
Spathes 1-flowered. 2. H. limosa.
Flowers yellow. 3. H. dubia,

JUNCACEAE ; 57

1. H. reniformis R. & P. Mup PLANtAIN. Leaves cordate or reni-
form: flowers 4” long.—In ponds. Abundant north of Sheffield ; also near
Courtney, Lake City, Buckner and Atherton. July-September.

2. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. SMALLER MupD PLANTAIN. Leaves ovate
or oval: flowers 5’’ long.—Abundant in a pond north of Sheffield with
the last; also near Atherton. July-September.

3. H. dubia (Jacq.) MacM. WaterSrarGrass. Leaves linearand
grass-like: spathe 1-flowered.—Abundant in Hiffner’s Lake near Ather-
ton. July-September.

Famity 19. JUNCACEAE Vent.

Rush-like herbs with regular, greenish flowers. Perianth 6-parted.
Stamens 3 or 6. Style solitary. Stigmas 3. Ovary superior, 3-celled,
or 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae. Capsule many-seeded.

1. JUNCUS L. Rusu.
Perennial or annual herbs with flowers very variously arranged.

Flowers in sessile apparently lateral panicles.
Stamens three. 1. J. effusus.
Stamens six. 2. J. Balticus.
Flowers terminal.
Leaves not knotted.

Annual, 3. J. bufonius.
Perennial. ae
Leaf-auricles white, scarious. 4. J. tenuis.
Leaf auricles brownish-yellow. 5. J. Dudley.
Leaves knotted by internal transverse parti-
tions.

Stamens six.
Capsule short-pointed.
Capsule subulate-pointed.
Heads 8-20-flowered.
Heads 25-80-flowered.
Stamens three.

. J. Richardsonianus.

. J. nodosus.
. J. Torreyi.
. J. acuminatus.

tO OD -3 a

1, J. effusus L. Densely tufted, 2°-4° high: stems leafless: flowers
1}/’ long, in a diffuse panicle: sepals about the length of the retuse point-
less capsule.-—Along the outlet to the railroad pond at Grain Valley.
Probably adventized. June-August.

2. J. Balticus Willd. 8/-3° high: stems leafless: flowers 2/’ long in
a panicle, 1/-2}’ long: outer sepals acute, the inner obtusish, about the
length of the strongly mucronate capsule.—Of rare occurrence on sand-
bars along the Missouri River. June.

3. J. bufonius L. 3/’-9 high, spreading: Jeaves narrow: panicle
dichotomous, the flowers distant: sepals 2/’-3}’” long, acuminate, the
outer much exceeding the three inner and the oblong obtuse capsule.
—Sand-bars along the Missouri River. Rare. May-November.

4. J. tenuis Willd. 1/-40’ high, erect, wiry: leaves narrow: leaf-
aurioles scarious, much prolonged beyond point of insertion: panicle 1-

58 ; LILIACEAE

many-flowered : sepals 13’’/-23/’ long, very acute, subequal, spreading,
longer than the obtuse, oblong capsule.—Common in all kinds of situa.
tions and wonderfully variable. May-—November.

5. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Resembles stout forms of the last, but readily
distinguished by the brownish-yellow cartilaginous leaf-auricles, which
are not prolonged.—Common in meadows and along streams. May-
August.

6. J. Richardsonianus Schult. 6’-20’ high : panicle branches erect,
the flowers in distinct heads : sepals 1” long, the three outer sharper and
longer than the three inner, but shorter than the ovoid-oblong, short-
tipped capsule.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River. Rare. Septem-
ber—October.

7. J. nodosus L. 6/’-24’ high, from a tuber-bearing rootstock : pan-
icle bearing 1-30 heads, 3/’-6’” wide : sepals less than 2’ long, subequal,
shorter than the lanceolate-subulate capsule.—Sand-bars along the Mis-
souri River. Not common. May-November.

8. J. Torreyi Coville. Similar to the last but larger: heads 30-80-
flowered, 4’’-8’ wide : sepals more than 2” long, the three outer longer
than the three inner.—Often abundant in moist places throughout.
May-November.

9. J. acuminatus Michx. Stems erect, 1°-3° high: inflorescence of
5-many 3-20-flowered heads : sepals less than 2’ long, equal, about the
length of the ovoid-oblong abruptly-pointed capsule.—Abundant in
ponds and ditches from Adams to Atherton and Levasy. May-July.

FamIty 20. MELANTHACEAE R. Br.

Leafy-stemmed herbs from rootstocks, with grass-like leaves, and pan-
icled or racemose, polygamous, dioecious or perfect flowers. Perianth
composed of six segments. Stamens six at the base of the perianth.
Styles three. Seeds few-many.

1. MELANTHIUM L.

Flowers numerous in large terminal panicles, monoecious or polyg-
amous, greenish-white. Perianth divisions clawed at base. Styles
three, spreading. Capsule septicidal. Inflorescence pubescent.

1. M. Virginicum L. BUNCH-FLOWER. 2°-5° high: leaves 1° long,
4-12” wide : perianth segments oblong, entire, 2-glandular at base.—
Moist meadows throughout the southern and eastern parts, but local.
June-July.

FAMILY 21. LILIACEAE Adans.

Herbs from bulbs, corms or rootstocks. Flowers regular, perfect.
Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 6, free or adnate to the perianth segments.
Ovary 3-celled, its cells with few-many ovules. Fruit a looulicidal
capsule. ;

LILIACEAE 59

Roots fibrous, fleshy.
Flowers drooping. 1. UVULARIA.
Flowers erect. . 2. HEMEROCALLIS.
Plants from bulbs or corms.
Flowers in umbels.

Onion-scented. 3. ALLIUM.
Not onion-scented. 4. NoTHOSCORDUM.
Flowers not in umbels.
Flowers not from axils of bracts.
Leaves many. 5. LILIUM.
Leaves two. 6. ERYTHRONIUM,
Flowers from axils of bracts.
Flowers racemose, light blue. 7. QUAMASIA.
Flowers corymbose, white. 8. ORNITHOGALUM.

1. UVULARIA L.

Leafy-stemmed herbs with drooping yellow flowers. Perianth bell-
shaped, its lobes bearing nectaries at base. Anthers linear. Style 3-
cleft. Capsule ovoid, 3-angled. Stems forking.

1. U. grandiflora J. E. Smita. BeLLWwort. 6/-20’ high, bearing
but one leaf beneath the fork: leaves ovate, perfoliate, pubescent be-
neath : perianth 9’’-15’” long, its segments smooth.—Quite abundant in
rich woods throughout. April-May.

2. HEMEROCALLIS L.

Herbs with long, linear basal leaves and numerous large showy flowers
terminating a tall scape. Perianth divisions widely spreading. Stamens
six, with long filaments. Stigma capitate on a long slender style.

1. H. fulva L. Day Lizy. Scapes 3°-6° high: flowers tawny
orange, 4/-5’ long.—Occasionally escaped around old gardens. June-

August.
3. ALLIUM L. WILD ONIoN.

Strong-scented, stemless herbs from coated bulbs. Flowers numerous,
white or pinkish, subtended by scarious bracts. Perianth divisions
separate. Stigma simple. Capsule 3 valved, each cell bearing 1-2
ovules. ;

Flowers usually replaced by bulblets. 1. A. Canadense.

Flowers not replaced by bulblets. 2. A. mutabile.
1. A. Canadense L. 8/-20’ high: bulb coats fibrous-reticulated :

leaves linear: sepals white or pink.—Often very common in moist woods.

June.
2. A. mutabile Michx. 1°-23° high: bulb coats fibrous-reticulated :
leaves channeled : sepals pink or rose.—Common in barrens. May.

4. NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth.
Resembling Allium, but not onion-scented. Ovules several in each
cell of the ovary.

60 LILIACEAE

1. N. bivalve (L.) Britton. FAtse Gartic. Less than 1° high:
umbel 4-12-flowered : flowers yellowish-white, 4/”-5’” long.—Locally
abundant in barrens near Westport, Leeds, Dodson, Independence, Lee’s
Summit, Greenwood and Grain Valley. April-May.

5. LILIUM L.

Tall perennials with leafy stems from scaly bulbs. Flowers large and
showy, 1-many, funnel-form or bell-shaped. Sepals 6, spreading or re-
curved. Stamens 6, with linear anthers and long, filiform filaments.
Stigma 3-lobed. Ovules numerous.

Leaves roughened on the veins beneath. 1. L. Canadense.
Leaves smooth. 2. L. superbum.

1. L. Canadense L. CANnapDa Lity. 2°-7° high. Leaves whorled,
lanceolate, 3-nerved, scabrous on the veins beneath : perianth segments
2/-3’ long, recurved or spreading.—In moist meadows and woods near
Dodson and Lee’s Summit. June-July.

2. L. superbum L. TuRK’s-caP Lity. Closely resembles the pre-
ceeding but is perfectly smooth throughout: perianth divisions strongly
recurved.—-In similar situations between Independence and Little Blue
Tank. June-July.

6. ERYTHRONIUM L. Magrc# Lity. Doa-ToorH VIOLET.

Herbs from deep-seated solid bulbs, one-leaved in the sterile and
two-leaved in the fertile plants. Flowers large, solitary, nodding.
Perianth segments six. Capsule obovoid or oblong. :

Perianth segments recurved ; leaves mottled. 1. E. albidum.
Perianth segments not recurved ; leaves not mottled. 2. E. mesachoreum.

1. BE. albidum Nutt. Leaves oblong-lanceolate : new corms pro-
duced on offshoots from base of old : flowers white or pinkish._Common
in rich woods. April-May.

2. H. mesachoreum Knerr. New corms formed at the base of old:
flowers light-lavender tinted.—Common in barrens and on prairies.
March—April.

7. QUAMASIA Raf.

Flowers on jointed pedicels. Stamens 6, inserted on base of perianth
lobes, the anthers linear or linear-oblong. Capsule 3-angled, many-
seeded. ;

1. Q. hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton. Wi~p HyacinrH. 1°-2° high:
raceme several-many-flowered : sepals 4’’-7’” long: capsule strongly tri-
angular.—Common in moist woods and barrens throughout. May.

8. ORNITHOGALUM L.

Scapose herbs with white or yellowish flowers in terminal bracted
racemes or corymbs. Stamens six, hypogyvous, the anthers versatile.
Capsule 3-angled, with few seeds in each cell.

CONVALLARIACEAE 61

1. O. umbellatum L. Star-or-BETHLEHEM. 4/-12’ high: leaves
narrowly linear: flowers 5-8, corymbose on long pedicels.— Well escaped
from gardens in Independence. April-June.

Famity 22. CONVALLARIACEAE Link.

“Herbs from rootstocks, never from bulbs or corms. Fruit a fleshy
berry. Otherwise as in LILIACEAE.
Leaves scale-like. 1, ASPARAGUS.

Leaves not scale-like.
Leaves not whorled.

Flowers in a terminal raceme. 2. VAGNERA.
Flowers axillary. 3. SOLOMONIA.
Leaves three, whorled. 4. TRILLIUM.

1. ASPARAGUS L.

Tall, much-branching herbs with filiform branches. Flowers small,
with 6-parted perianth, the stamens inserted on the base of its lobes.
Anthers ovate or oblong. Berry globose, 6-seeded.

1. A. officinalis L. AsPARAGUS. 2°-8° high: flowers greenish,
axillary, drooping.—Occasionally escaped from gardens. June-August.

2. VAGNERA Adans. FAaLsE SoLomon’s SEAL.
Whitish perianth segments six, distinct, the stamens inserted at their
base. Anthers ovate. Berry globular, 6-seeded.

Flowers numerous. 1. V. racemosa.
Flowers few. 2. V. stellata.

1. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. 1°~3° high: leaves numerous, sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, over 1’ wide: flowers numerous in a terminal racemose
panicle, 1’’ long, 2’ broad: berries red, purple-spotted.—Infrequent in
moist woods throughout. May-June.

2. V. stellata (L.) Morong. 1° high, glabrous and glaucous: leaves
oblong-lanceolate, sessile-clasping, usually less than 1’ wide : flowers few,
racemose: berries black.—Sandy woods in the Missouri bottoms near
Sibley ; also near Turner, Kansas.

3. SOLOMONIA Heist.

Tall herbs from thick, jointed and scarred rootstocks, bearing many
leaves. Flowers axillary, drooping on jointed pedicels. Perianth oblong-
cylindric, 6-lobed, the 6 stamens inserted on its tube and included, An-
thers sagittate. Berry globular, 6—-18-seeded.

1. S. commutata (RK. & 8S.) Britton. Sonomon’s Sean. 1°-8°
high : leaves lanceolate to ovate, smooth, somewhat clasping : peduncles
1-8-flowered : filaments smooth, adnate to middle of perianth tube.—
Rather common in rich woods throughout. June.

62 AMARYLLIDACEAE

4. TRILLIUM L.

Glabrous herbs from short rootstocks with three leaves whorled at the
summit of the stem and a solitary flower in their center. Perianth of two
series, the outer three divisions green, the inner three colored. Stamens
six, hypogynous. Anthers linear. Berry many seeded.

1. T. sessile L. WAKE-ROBIN. Leavessessile, ovate: flower sessile,
the sepals 6’-18/ long, spreading : petals erect-spreading, dull-purple.—
In thickets. Rare and local. Westport, Kansas City and Grain Valley.
April-May.

FAMILY 23. SMILACEAE Vent.

Vines with alternate, petioled, netted-veined leaves and small green
dioecious flowers in axillary umbels. Perianth segments and stamens six
each. Pistils three. Stigmas three, sessile. Fruit a 3-6-seeded berry.

1. SMILAX Tourn.
With the characters of the family.

Stems not prickly. 1. S. herbacea,
Stems very prickly. 2. S. hispida.

1. S. herbacea L. CARRION FLOWER. 3°-15° high: leaves ovate or
rounded or the upper lanceolate, 7-10-nerved: peduncles elongated,
3’-9 long, longer than the petioles, 15-80-flowered: flowers carrion-
scented.—In moist woods and thickets. Well scattered but uncommon.
June.

Var. pulverulenta (Michx.) Gray. Leaves more or less pubescent
beneath.—With the type and about as common.

2. S. hispida Muhl. GREENBRIER. High climbing: stems thickly
covered with prickles : leaves ovate or heart-shaped, 7-nerved: peduncles
2-4 times the length of the petiole: umbels 10-25-flowered : berries
bluish-black.—Common in woods and thickets. May-June.

FamiLy 24. AMARYLLIDACEAE Lindl.
Herbs with perfect regular 6-androus flowers and linear root-leaves.
Perianth adnate to the surface of the 3-celled ovary. Stylesingle. Capsule
3-celled, few-many-seeded. ‘

1. HYPOXIS L.

Low stemless herbs from solid bulbs. Scapes few-flowered. Stamens
inserted on base of perianth segments. Anthers sagittate. Capsule in-
dehiscent, many-seeded.

1. H. erecta L. Star Grass. 2/-8’ high, villous: scape 1-6-
flowered : flowers yellow within, greenish and villous without, 4/” long.—

Wet barrens and prairies throughout the southern part. Very abundant
between Greenwood and Lee’s Summit. May. ,

IRIDACEAE 63

FAMILY 25. DIOSCOREACEAE Lindl.

Twining vines with large tuberous roots, petioled, cordate-ribbed and
reticulate-veined leaves, and inconspicuous, greenish, dioecious, 6-androus
flowers. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, 3-6-ovuled. Stigmas
and styles three each.

1. DIOSCOREA L.

Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles. Capsule 3-winged, loculicid-
ally 3-valved.

1. D. villosa L. Wi~p YAM. Leaves alternate, cordate-acuminate
slightly downy beneath: staminate flowers in drooping panicles, the
fertile in drooping racemes: capsules strongly winged.—In thickets
throughout. Well distributed, but not common. May-July.

FamI.y 26. IRIDACEAE Lindl.
Perennial herbs with equitant two-ranked leaves and perfect flowers.
Perianth six-parted. Stamens 3, inserted on the perianth. Ovary infer-
ior, 3-celled, with many ovules.

Style branches broad and petal-like. 1. Iris.

Style branches slender. .
Flowers 14/-2’ broad. 2. Gemmingia.
Flowers less than 9’’ broad. 3. Sisyrinchium.

1. IRIS L. BLuE FuAa.

Perennials with creeping rootstocks and showy flowers. Perianth seg-
ments clawed, the three outer spreading, the inner erect. Styles petaloid,
over-arching, bearing the stigmas under their 2-lobed apex. Capsule 3-
6-angled.

Flowers on tall stems. 1. I. versicolor.
Flowers hidden among the leaves. 2. I. foliosa.

1. I. versicolor L. 2°-3° high: leaves somewhat glaucous: flowers
23’-3/ long, violet-blue, variegated with green, yellow or white: capsule
3-sided.—In swampy ground. Common from Adams to Lake City.
May-June.

2. I. foliosa Mackenzie & Bush., n. sp. Stems flexuous: leaves often
2° long, not glaucous : flowers on pedicels 10’’-14’’ long : perianth seg-
ments bluish, 2}/ long, spreading, not crested : capsule strongly 6-angled.
—Meadows and borders of low woods. Lake City, Adams, Glendale,
Little Blue Tank and Greenwood. Locally abundant. June.

2. GHEMMINGIA Fabr.

A tall perennial with Jris-like leaves and flowers in terminal panicles.
Perianth divisions distinct nearly to summit of ovary. Stamens mona-
delphous at base, inserted at base of perianth segments. Anthers oblong.
Capsule pear-shaped, the valves finally breaking and exposing the black
fleshy seeds.

64 ORCHIDACEAE

1. G. Chinensis (L.) Kuntze. BLACKBERRY LiLy. Flowers reddish-
orange, purple-mottled.—Thoroughly adventized on hillsides and along
brooks. Leeds, Sibley, along Little Blue, etc. June-August.

3. SISYRINCHIUM L. BLUE-EYED GRass.
Tufted perennials with linear grass-like leaves and fugacious umbel-
late flowers from a pair of green bracts. Perianth segments mostly aris-
tate. Stamens monadelphous to near the top. Capsule globular, 3-angled.

Flowers yellow. 1. S. flaviflorum.
Flowers white or blue.
Stems usually bearing 2 spathes. 2. 8. graminoides.
Stems bearing but one spathe. 3. S. campestris.

1. S. flaviflorum Bicknell. Lower bract very large: flowers clear
lemon-yellow.—Frequent in post-oak woods southeast of Independence
in two places. May.

2. S. graminoides Bicknell. Stems 10/-18’ high, broadly winged :
leaves 13}/” wide: lower bract 1-2 times length of upper : capsule 2//-2}/”
broad.—Rather frequent in shaded woods. May-June.

3. S. campestris Bicknell. Stems 7-15’ high, somewhat winged :
leaves 1/’ or less wide : lower bract twice length of upper : capsules 1}/”
broad.—Prairies and oak woods in the southern part, rather common.
May.
i Famity 27. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with perfect irregular flowers. Perianth of six divisions, the
three outer (sepals) nearly sessile. Two of the inner (petals) differing
from the third, which is called the lip. Anthers one (or .two in Cypri--
pedium) united with the style into the column. Anthers two-celled, con-
taining 2-8 masses of pollen attached to a disk (gland). Ovary 1-celled,
3-angled, and filled with innumerable, sawdust-like ovules.

_ (The following key applies only to the species represented with us. )
Lip forming a large inflated sac. 1. CYPRIPEDIUM.

Lip not forming a large inflated sac.
Flowers white.

Lip long-fringed. 3. HABENARIA.

Lip not long-fringed. 5. GYROSTACHYS.
Flowers colored.

Flowers numerous ; leaf solitary. 6. APLECTRUM.

Flowers numerous ; leaves two. 2. ORCHIS.

Flowers few. 4. PoGONIA.

1. CYPRIPEDIUM L.

Flowers one to several, large and showy. Sepals and petals similar,
spreading. Lip a large inflated sac. Column declined, bearing a stamen
on each side and a dilated triangular body over the summit of the style.
Stigma broad. Pollen granular.

1. C. hirsutum Mill. Lapy’s Sirprer. Hairy, 1°-23° high : leaves
many, oval: petals and sepals yellowish, purple-streaked : lip yellow.

ORCHIDACEAE 65

—In rich woods, local. Dodson, Independence, Courtney, Sibley, Lee’s
Summit. Ours is mostly the form known as C. parviflorum Salisb. May.

2. ORCBIS L.

Flowers several, spiked. Sepals and petals about equal. Lip spurred
beneath, turned downward, connate with base of column. Anther cells
parallel. Pollen masses one in each cell, stalked, attached at base to
disks (glands), the two disks contained in a common pouch.

1. O. spectabilis L. SHowy Orcuis. Leaves two, large, obovate :
scape 4’-10’ high, 4-angled: flowers violet-purple, the lip white.—In
rich woods. Rare. Courtney, Lake City and Sibley. May.

3. HABENARIA Willd.

Differs from Orchis in having glands not enclosed in a pouch and sepa-
rate.

1. H. leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray. PRAIRIE ORCHIS. 13°-3° high:
leaves oblong-lanceolate : lip 6/’-7’’ long, 3-parted, copiously fringed :
spur 17-13’ long—Uncommon on moist prairies. Adams, Little Blue
Tank, Lee’s Summit, Greenwood, Grand View, Levasy, Oak Grove.
June.

4. POGONIA Juss.

Low, few-flowered herbs with equal erect petals and sepals. Lip not
spurred. Column elongated, club-shaped at summit. Anther-sacs par-
allel. Pollinia one in each cell.

1. P. trianthophora (Sw.) B.S.P. Nopprna Loc ORcHID. Stems
3/-8’ high, from tubers: leaves alternate, ovate-clasping, 3’’-6” long :
- flowers 1-4 in upper axils, 6’” long, whitish with pale purplish-white
markings.—On logs in rich bottom woods; north of Courtney (1881);
along the Blue south of Swope Park (1901). Very rare and local. Au-
gust—September.

5. GYROSTACHYS Pers. LADIES’ TRESSES.

Herbs from fleshy tubers with whitish flowers in 1-3-ranked spikes.
Sepals somewhat coherent. Lip embracing the column and with two
callosities at base. Column oblique. Stigma prolonged into an acu-
minate beak. Pollen masses one in each cell.

Flowers three-ranked.
Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate. 1. G. plantaginea.
Leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate. 2. G. cernua,
Flowers in one spirally-twisted rank.
Stem leafy at base. 3. G. praecox.
Stem not leafy at base. 4. G. gracilis,

1. G. plantaginea (Raf.) Britton. 4/-9 high: leaves 2-5, basal,
1/-4/ long : spike 2’ long : callosities absent or minute.—Rare and local
in rich woods near Courtney and Atherton. September.

5

,

66 JUGLANDACEAE

2. G. cemua (L.) Kuntze. 6’-20’ high: leaves 4/-12/ long : spike
6/-7/ long : callosities prominent, hairy.—Occasional on a moist prairie
south of Lee’s Summit. August-September. :

3. G. praecox ( Walt.) Kuntze. 9/-24’ high: leaves linear, 4’-12/
long: spike dense, much-twisted, downy-pubescent, 2/-5’ long : callos-
ities rather small.— Wet grassy places along Missouri River at Courtney.
Rare. July-September.

4. G. gracilis (Bigel.) Kuntze. 8-20’ high from tuberous thickened
roots : leaves withering away before flowering time: spikes 1’-23’ long :
flowers very small: callosities nipple-shaped.—One plant ina dry open
wood near Independence. September.

6. APLUCTRUM Nutt.

Scapose herbs from thick, globular bulbs. Leaf solitary. Flowers
bracted, in terminal racemes. Petals and sepals similar. Lip not
spurred, 3-ridged. Pollinia four.

1. A. spicatum (Walt.) B.S.P. ADAM-AND-EVE. Leaf ovate,
strongly-nerved: racemes several-flowered: flower 1’ long, greenish
brown, speckled with purple.—In rich woods. Courtney to Sibley and
Levasy. Rare and loca]. June.

Subclass 2, DICOTYLEDONES.

Seeds with two cotyledons. Stems exogenous. Leaves usually pin-
nately veined, and parts of flowers not usually in threes or sixes.

FamiLty 28. JUGLANDACEAE Lindl.

Trees with alternate, pinnate leaves and monoecious flowers. Stami-
nate flowers in drooping, densely-flowered catkins, consisting of 3-many
stamens surrounded by an unequally lobed calyx. Fertile flowers few or
solitary, consisting of an inferior 2-4-celled, 1-ovuled and a regular 3-5-
lobed calyx. Fruit a nut, enclosed in a husk.

Stamens 8-40; husk indehiscent. 1. JUGLANS.
Stamens 3-10; husk dehiscent. 2. HICORIA.

1. JUGLANS L.

Bark fragrant. Calyx of staminate flowers 3-6-lobed. Pistillate flowers
with a 4-lobed calyx and 4small petals. Nuts large, enclosed in a fibrous-
fleshy husk.

1. J. nigra L. Watnurt. A large tree, sometimes 150° high: leaflets
7-11 pairs, lanceolate, pubescent beneath, serrulate: fruit spherical, the
nut corrugated.—Abundant along streams. May-June.

2. HICORIA Raf.

Calyx of staminate flowers, unequally 2-3-lobed. Pistillate flowers
with a 4-lobed calyx and no petals. Nuts enclosed in a dry, more or
less completely 4-valved husk.

SALICACEAE 67

Bark of tree close aud rough.
Leaflets 11 or more.
Leaflets 9 or less.

Branchlets glabrous.
Husk of fruit strongly ridged. 2. H. minima.
Husk not ridged. 3. H. rillosa.
Branchlets strongly pubescent. 4. H. alba.
5.

—

. H. Pecan.

Bark of tree exfoliating in long narrow plates.

Nut 6-10” long. . H. ovata.

Nut 12-18” long. 6. H. laciniosa.

1. H. Pecan (Michx.) Britton. Pecan. Bud-scales valvate : leaf-
- lets usually 11, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, strongly falcate, glabrate :
husk thin, tardily splitting, ridged!; nut oblong-elliptic, not ridged, with
thin shell : seed sweet.—Four trees along a creek southwest of Lone Jack.
Reported elsewhere. :

2. H. minima (Marsh.) Britton. Pianut. Bud-scales 6-8, valvate :
leaflets usually 7, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, the lateral one falcate,
strongly resinous and glandular beneath: husk thin, tardily splitting :
nut-shell thin: seed bitter.—A common forest tree. May-June.

3. H. villosa (Sarg.) Ashe. Pianut. Bud-scales 6-8, imbricated, the
outer resinous-dotted : leaflets 5-9, more or less pubescent and resinous-
dotted : fruit obovoid, 1’ or more long, splitting nearly to the base: nut
thin-shelled, angled.—Frequent in dry woods in the eastern part. May-
June. :

4. H. alba (L.) Britton. Mocker-nut. Bark fragrant: bud-scales
8-10, large, imbricated : leaflets 7-9, oblong-lanceolate to obovate : husk
thick, soon splitting : nut thick-shelled, pointed at the summit.—A com-
mon forest tree. May-June.

5. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. SHELL-BARK Hickory. Bud-scales 8-
10, imbricated : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to obovate, very sparingly
glandular beneath : husk thick, splitting soon : seed sweet.—A common
forest tree. May-June.

6. H. laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg. Kina-nut. Like the last but leaf-
lets 7-9, more downy, strongly glandular beneath: fruit 2’-3’ long, with
a very thick husk: nut thick-shelled and pointed at both ends.—In rich
bottoms throughout but never common. May-June.

Famity 29. SALICACEAE Lindl.

Trees or shrubs with dioecious flowers in catkins, and alternate stipu-
late leaves. Flowers solitary in axils of bracts, without floral envelopes.
Staminate flowers consisting of 1-many stamens, the pistillate of a 1-celled
ovary, bearing many ovules on 2-4 parietal placentae. Stigmas2. Style
small or absent. Seeds provided with long silky down.

Bracts lacerate ; stamens numerous. 1. Popuuus.
Bracts entire ; stamens 2-10. 2. SALIX.

68 SALICACEAE

1. POPULUS L.

Trees with broad leaves. Buds scaly, resinous covered. Filaments
distinct. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2-4, elongated. Capsule 2-4-valved.
Leaves white, tomentose beneath. 1. P. alba.
Leaves green beneath. 2. P. deltoides.

1. P.alba L. SILVER-LEAF PopLAR. A tree often 100° high: leaves
ovate-orbicular, sinuate toothed, white-tomentose beneath : capsules on
short pedicels.—Cultivated and spreading by suckers. Independence,
Raytown. April.

2. P. deltoides Marsh. CoTToN-woopD. 50°-150° high : leaves broadly
deltoid, abruptly acuminate, crenulate: petiole laterally flattened : cap-
sules long-pedicelled.—Common in river bottoms. April.

2. SALIX L. » WILLow.

Trees or shrubs with narrow leaves. Buds covered by a single scale.
Filaments distinct or united. Ovary peastle or short:stipitate. Stigmas
2, short. Capsule 2-valved.

Catkins appearing after the leaves.
Stamens three to five.
Leaves green on both sides.
Leaves glaucous, whitened beneath.
Leaves 7’ or less wide. © 2. S. longipes.
Leaves 6/’-14” wide. : 3. S. amygdaloides.
4
5

—

S. nigra.

Stamens two.

Leaves on petioles 2’”-4’” long ; a tree.
Leaves almost sessile: a shrub.
Catkins appearing before the leaves.

Capsule densely pubescent. 6. S. humilis.

Capsule glabrous. ' 7. S. cordata.

1. S. nigra Marsh. BLACK WILLOW. 15°-100° high: leaves lanceo-
late, long-attenuate, downy when young, at length green and glabrous
except on the veins beneath, serrulate: petioles 1//-3/ long : fruiting
aments usually dense: capsules twice the length of their pedicels.—
Common along streams. April-May.

2. S. longipes Shuttlw. A shrub or small tree: leaves lanceolate,
long-acuminate, silvery-white and usually pubescent beneath, on petioles
1/’-7” long : aments loosely flowered : capsules on pedicels of nearly their
own length.—Rocky beds of streams throughout the western half, but
not abundant. April-May.

3. S, amygdaloides Anders. Like S. longipes but with broader, long-
petioled, nearly glabrous leaves: stipules small : aments loose: capsules
on long filiform pedicels.—Common along streams, especially in the
Missouri bottoms. April-May.

4. S, alba vitellina (L.) Koch. Wuitt WILLow. 50°-90° high:
leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous above when mature, whitish beneath,
serrulate : aments closely flowered : capsules almost sessile.—Adventized
occasionally near Sheffield and Independence. April-May.

. S. alba vitellina.
. S. interior.

BETULACEAE 69

5. S. interior Rowlee. SAND-BAR WILLOW. 2°-25° high: leaves
linear, remotely denticulate, glabrous, or silky-pubescent in the young
shoots: aments linear, cylindric, dense: capsules short-pedicelled, hairy
when young.—Extremely abundant on sand-bars along the Missouri River.
May-J uly.

6. S. humilis Marsh. Low WILLow. 2°-15° high: leaves oblanceo-
late, short-petioled, rugose-veined and more or less tomentose beneath,
with nearly entire, revolute margins: aments dense, sessile, 1’ long, ovoid-
oblong: capsule short-pedicelled.—Prairies and barrens throughout. Often
abundant. March-April.

7. S.cordata Muhl. A shrub 5°-12° high, the twigs glabrous or
puberulent : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate : stipules large :
pistillate aments 1}’-23’ long, linear : capsule 3-4 times the length of its
pedicel.—Along streams east of Independence, along Brush Creek, at
Kansas City, etc. March-April.

Var. Missouriensis (Bebb) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. A shrub or
tree 10°-50° high, often forming a large trunk with blackish bark:
aments longer.—Common in rich soil along streams. Distinguished from
the type by being larger throughout, more robust and having black bark.
(S. Missouriensis Bebb. )

Famity 30. BETULACEAE Agardh.

Trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves and monoecious flowers
mostly in aments. Staminate flowers in long drooping aments, 1-3 to-
gether in axils of bracts, consisting of 2-10 stamens and no calyx (in
ours). Pistillate aments spike-like or capitate with a 2-celled, 2-ovuled
ovary. Fruit a 1-seeded nut.

Pistillate flowers in aments. 1. OsTRYA.
Pistillate flowers capitate. 2. CORYLUS.

1. OSTRYA Micheli.

Small trees with very hard wood and leaves appearing after the flowers.
Staminate flowers without bractlets at base. Nut small, enclosed in the
large, inflated, oblong, sac-like bractlet.

1. O. Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. IRon Woop. 50° or less high :
leaves oblong-ovate, petioled, sharply-serrate, strongly-nerved, slightly
downy beneath.—Common in woods throughout. April-May.

2. CORYLUS Tourn. Haze Nor.
Shrubs. Staminate flowers with two bractlets at base. Bractlets of
pistillate flower two, enlarging in fruit and enclosing the ovoid, large,
bony nut.

Involucral bracts long-beaked. 1. C. rostrata.
Involucral bracts not beaked. 2. C. Americana,

70 FAGACEAE

1. C. rostrata Ait. BEAKED Hazen Nour. Like the next, but
smoother: involucral bracts united and prolonged into a beak twice as
long as the nut.—Thickets in the northeastern part. April.

2. C. Americana Walt. HazeL Nut. 3°-10° high, with ovate,
pointed, serrulate leaves, downy beneath: involucral bracts jagged and
incised at the apex, hardly united, not prolonged into a beak.—A com-
mon under-shrub throughout. March-April. :

Famity 31. FAGACEAE Drude.

Trees or shrubs like the last, but pistillate flowers solitary or few, sub-
tended by an involucre which in fruit forms a cup. Staminate flowers
with a 4~7-lobed calyx, and 4-20 stamens. Ovary 3-7-celled, with 1-2
ovules in each, but only one ripening, in fruit forming a 1-seeded nut
with a thick, bony husk.

1. QUERCUS L.

Trees with varied leaves. Staminate flowers in aments. Calyx of
staminate flowers usually 6-lobed. Ovary 3-celled, 6-ovuled. Fruit con-
sisting of an acorn, subtended by a scaly-covered, hard involucre (cup).
Several interesting hydrids occur.

Leaves lobed, the lobes bristle-tipped.

Leaves pinnately lobed.
Cups of acorns saucer-shaped.

Cups 8’’-12’’ broad. 1. Q. rubra.
Cups 5’’-8” broad. 2. Q. Texana.
Cups of acorns hemispheric. 3. Q. velutina.
Leaves 3-5-lobed above the middle. 4. Q. Marylandica.
Leaves entire. 5. Q. imbricaria,
Leaves lobed but not bristle-tipped.
Leaves brown-tomentulose beneath. 6. Q. minor.
Leaves not brown-tomentulose beneath,
Old leaves glabrous beneath. 7. Q. alba.
Old leaves pubescent beneath. 8. Q. macrocarpa.
Leaves crenate or dentate but not lobed.
Leaves whitish-downy beneath. 9. Q. platanoides.
Leaves smoothish beneath.
Tree: leaves oblong or lanceolate. 10. Q. acuminata.
Shrub: leaves obovate. 11. Q. prinoides.

1. Q. rubra LL. RED OAK. Leaves oval to obovate in outline, 3’-8/
long, 2/-6’ wide, slender-petioled, sinuate-pinnatifid to deeply pin-
natifid, green and glabrous above when old, pubescent in axils of veins
beneath : cup saucer-shaped, much broader than high, 8’”-12/ broad :
acorn ovoid, 1’ long, 2-4 times the length of the cup.—A common forest
tree. April-May.

2. Q. Texana Buckley. TrExAs RED OAK. Like the last but leaves
glabrous, pinnatifid and bristle-tipped, smaller : cup 5’’-8’” broad : acorn
less than 1’ long, 2-3 times length of the glabrous cup.—Along streams
northeast of Independence and southeast of Grain Valley. Rare. April-
May.

ULMACEAE 71

3. Q. velutina Lam. BLack OAK. Leaves as in Q. Zexana but
usually pubescent below along the veins even when mature, and 5-sided
in outline, sometimes smooth : cup hemispheric, its scale somewhat squar-
rose, yellowish floccose-pubescent: acorn 6//-12’ long, about twice the
length of the cup.—A common tree, especially in the southern part.
April-May. A form, common especially in the southern part, with
leaves and petioles floccose-pubescent even in age and leaves intermediate
between this species and Q. Marylandica is probably distinct.

4. Q. Marylandica Muench. Buiack Jack OAK. Leaves short-
petioled, wedge-shaped at base, 3-5-lobed at the summit, the lobes
toothed, rusty-pubescent beneath : cup 5’/-8” broad, deep, pubescent,
half shorter than the acorn.—Common in barrens in the southern part.
April-May.

5. Q. imbricaria Michx. SHINGLE OAK. Leaves lanceolate-oblong,
thick, shining above and downy beneath, entire : cup 5’’-7’’ broad, acorn
subglobose.—Common along streams. April-May.

6. Q. minor (Marsh.) Sarg. Post OaK. Leaves broadly obovate,
yellowish-pubescent beneath, pinnatifid into 3-7 broad-toothed lobes:
cup 6’’-8” broad, hemispheric, 1-33 times shorter than the acorn.—Com-
mon in barrens, especially in the southern part. April-May.

7. Q. alba L. WHITE OAK. Leaves obovate, nearly glabrous, deeply
sinuate-pinnatifid into 3-9, obtuse, often toothed lobes : cup 7’/”-10” broad,
depressed hemispherical, 1-3} times shorter than the acorn.—A common
forest tree throughout. April-May.

8. Q. macrocarpa Michx. Bur OAK. Leaves broadly ovate, white-
pubescent beneath, irregularly lobed or pinnate : cup 8’’-20’ wide, deep,
the scales subulate tipped and forming a mossy fringe, sometimes cover-
ing the acorn.—Common in rich soil. April-May.

9. Q. platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. Swamp WHITE OAK. Leaves ob-
ovate, wedge-shaped at base, sinuate-crenate above, white-downy beneath:
cup long-peduncled (2-5 times length of petiole), hemispheric: acorn
oblong-ovoid.—In low grounds around Sheffield and south of Oak Grove.
April-May.

10. Q. acuminata (Michx.) Sarg. CHtsTNUT OAK. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply toothed: petioles 6’7-12’’ long :
cup hemispheric, 5’’-8’’ broad, peduncled or sessile: acorn ovoid, twice
as high as the cup.—A tall tree, common throughout. April-May.

11. Q. prinoides Willd. CHINQUAPIN OAK. A shrub 2°-15° high,
very close to the last, but leaves broader and less toothed, on peti-
oles 3’’-4/” long.—Common in barrens, especially in the southern part.
April-May.
Famity 32. ULMACEAE Mirbel.

Trees with alternate, stipulate leaves and clustered or solitary flowers.
Calyx of 3-9 sepals. Stameus opposite sepils. Ovary superior, 1 celled.
Ovule one, pendulous. Styles or stigmas two. Fruit a samara or drupe.

72 MORACEAE

Flowers preceding leaves ; fruit a samara. 1. Unmus.
Flowers with leaves; fruit a drupe. 2. CELTIS.
1. ULMUS L.

Trees with serrate, strongly-veined, obovate, inequilateral leaves.
Flowers perfect or polygamous, fascicled or racemose, on jointed pedicels.
Samara winged all around.

Flowers fascicled.

Samara ciliate. 1. U. Americana.
Samara smooth. 3. U. pubescens.
Flowers racemose. 2. U. racemosa.

1. U. Americana L. WHITE ELM. Often 120° high; branches not
corky-winged : leaves smoothish above: flowers long-pedicelled.—Com-
mon along streams. March-April.

2. U. racemosa Thomas. CorRK ELM. Like the last: branches often
corky-winged : samaras densely ciliate.-—In rocky woods along the Mis-
souri River bluffs from Kansas City to Little Blue River. March-April.

3. U. pubescens Walt. SLIPPERY ELM. Sometimes 70° high: twigs
and bud-scales pubescent: leaves rcugh-pubescent above: flowers short
pedicelled.—A common forest tree. March-April.

2. CHELTIS Tourn. HACKBERRY.

Trees with pinnately-veined leaves and axillary polygamous flowers.
Staminate flowers clustered. Fertile flowers one or two together and
peduncled. Calyx 5-6-parted. Fruit a globular drupe.

Leaves serrate. 1. C. occidentalis.
Leaves entire. 2. C. Mississippiensis.

1. C. occidentalis L. A small or large tree with ovate or ovate-lance-
olate, sharply serrate, inequilateral leaves: drupe 4//-5’’ diameter.—
Common along streams and bluffs. April-May.

2. C. Mississippiensis Bosc. A small tree with lanceolate-ovate, en-
tire or nearly so, leaves : drupe 2}/’-3/’ in diameter.—In bottoms along
the Missouri River near Courtney and Sibley and on rocky hills near
Westport and Independence. Local. April-May.

Var. pumila (Pursh) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. 3°-8° high: leaves
less taper pointed and drupe larger.—Rocky banks north of Lee’s Summit.
(C. pumila Pursh. )

FAMILY 33. MORACEAE Lindl.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious, small, axillary and clustered. Calyx
4-5-parted, the stamens as many as its lobes. Ovary 1-celled, superior,
1-ovuled,

Trees or shrubs.

Leaves serrate, 1. Morus.
Leaves entire. 2. TOXYLON.
A twining vine. 3. HUMULUS.

An erect herb. 4. CANNABIS.

URTICACEAE 73

1. MORUS L.'

Small trees with milky juice and alternate leaves. Flowers in catkin-
like spikes. Sepals and stamens four. Calyx becoming succulent in
fruit, and the whole pistillate spike thickening into a juicy, oblong fruit.

1. M. rubra L. MULBERRY. Leaves ovate, heart-shaped, acuminate,
serrate, downy beneath.—Frequent throughout in rich soil. April-May.

2. TOXYLON Raf.

Small spiny trees with milky juice and alternate entire leaves. Pis-
tillate flowers capitate, the staminate racemose. Sepals and stamens
four. Calyces greatly enlarging in fruit, and forming a large, globular
head.

1. T. pomiferum Raf. OsaGz ORANGE. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
thick and shining: fruit 2’-6’ in diameter.—Commonly used for hedges
and often persistent after cultivation or spreading from the roots.

3. HUMULUS L.

Twining rough vines with opposite leaves. Staminate flowers panicled,
the pistillate in drooping spikes. Sepals in staminate flowers and stamens
five. Pistillate flowers two together in axils of foliaceous bract, and cov-
ered by a solitary sepal.

1. H. Lupulus L. Hop. Leaves heart-shaped at base, serrate or 3-5-
lobed and serrate: calyx and achene resinous-aromatic.—Common in
thickets along streams. July—October.

4. CANNABIS L.

A stout herb with alternate leaves and dioecious flowers. Staminate
flowers panicled, composed of 5 sepals and 5 stamens. Pistillate flowers
spiked, clustered, consisting of a large foliaceous calyx folded around the
sessile ovary.

1. C. sativa L. Hemp. 4°-12° high: leaves digitately 5-11-cleft,
the linear-lanceolate divisions toothed.—Common in waste places. July—
September.

FamiLy 34. URTICACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with usually stipulate, petioled leaves and unisexual flowers.
Calyx 2-5-cleft, the stamens as many as its lobes. Ovary superior,
1-celled, containing one erect ovule. Stigma simple. Fruit an achene.

Leaves alternate.

Herbs with stinging hairs. 2. URTICASTRUM,
Herbs without stinging hairs. 5, PARIETARIA.
Leaves opposite.
Plant very glabrous. 3. ADICEA.
Plant wore or less hairy.
Flowers in axillary compound panicles. 1. UrRTICA.
Flowers glomerate in axillary spikes. 4. BoEHMERIA.

74 SANTALACEAE

1. URTICA L.

Staminate flowers with a 4-parted calyx and four stamens. Pistillate
calyx composed of four unequal segments, the two outer smaller. Herbs
with stinging hairs.

1. U. gracilis Ait. SLENDER NETTLE. Sparingly stinging, 2°-8°
high : leaves ovate lanceolate, sharply serrate, nearly glabrous.—Common
in low grounds. June-October.

2. URTICASTRUM Fabr.

Staminate flowers with five sepals, five stamens and a rudimentary
ovary. Pistillate calyx composed of four sepals, the outer two minute.
Achene very oblique.

1. U. divaricatum (L.) Kuntze. Woop Negrrng. 2°-4° high:
leaves ovate, sharply serrate, long-petioled : flower clusters large and
loose : ultimate branches of panicle wing-margined.—A very stinging
herb, common in rich woods. July-October.

3. ADICHA Raf.

Staminate flowers with a 3-4-parted calyx, 3-4 stamens and a rudi-
mentary ovary. Pistillate calyx composed of three sepals. Flowers in
axillary clusters.

1. A. pumila (L.) Raf. CLEARWEED. Annual, 6-20’ high, succu-
lent : leaves slender-petioled, ovate, wedge-shaped at base, and coarsely
dentate above.—Common in moist shaded woods. August—October.

4. BOBHMERIA Jacq.

Staminate flowers as in Adicea. Pistillate calyx tubular, entire, or
2-4-toothed, enclosing the ovary.

1. B. cylindrica (L.) Willd. Fatsz Nettie. <A rough perennial,
1°-3° high : leaves ovate, 3-nerved, long-petioled, serrate, ciliate.—In
low grounds near Lake City, Courtney and Sibley. Not common. July-
October.

5. PARIETARIA L.

Staminate flowers as in Adicea. Pistillate calyx 4-lobed. Flowers in-
termixed in involucrate-bracted axillary clusters.

1. P. FPennsylvanica Muhl. PELLITORY. A low weak annual,
6/-12/ high with entire, 3-nerved, oblong-lanceolate, ciliate and dotted
leaves : bracts 2-3 times the length of the flowers, ciliate —Common in
dry woods. May-October.

FamILy 35. SANTALACEAE R. Br.

Plants with entire leaves. Calyx 3-6-lobed, its lobes valvate. Sta-
mens as many as calyx lobes and opposite them, inserted on a disk near
their base. Ovary inferior, 1 celled, bearing 3-4 ovules, pendulous from
the summit of the central placentae,

POLYGONACEAE 75

1. COMANDRA Nutt.

Herbs with alternate lanceolate leaves and perfect flowers in umbel-
like clusters. Calyx 5-lobed. Anthers attached to calyx lobes by a tuft
of hairs.

1. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. BastarD Toap FLax. 6/-18/ high:
calyx greenish-white : fruit globular, urn-shaped.—Common on prairies
and in dry woods, especially in the southern part. April-May.

FAMILY 36. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Blume.

Herbs with perfect flowers. Calyx valvate in bud and coherent with
base of ovary, its limb 3-lobed. Ovary 6-celled, many-seeded. Stamens
6-12, epigynous.

Stamens twelve. 1. ASARUM.
Stamens six. 2. ARISTOLOCHIA.
1. ASARUM L.

Acaulescent perennials with long, running rootstocks, and few cordate-
orbicular leaves. Flowers axillary, peduncled. Calyx regular.

1. A. reflexum Bicknell. WILD GINGER. Leaves orbicular-reniform,
2/-5/ across: sepals brownish-purple, 4/”-5’” long, triangular, about the
length of the tube, with a tip 1/’-2’/7 long —Common in rich woods.
April-May.

2. ARISTOLOCHIA L.

Caulescent perennials with alternate leaves and irregular flowers.
Calyx tubular.

1. A. Serpentaria L. VIRGINIA SNAKEROOT. 6/-12/ high : leaves
ovate-lanceolate, entire, cordate at base: flowers on slender basal scaly
branches, the calyx bent like a letter S and enlarged at the throat and
base.—In dry woods from Fairmount Park to Courtney. Not common.
May-June.

Famity 37. POLYGONACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with alternate leaves and sheathing stipules. Flowers perfect
or dioecious. Calyx with 2-6 lobes. Stamens 2-12. Ovary superior,
1-celled, containing one ovule. Styles or stigmas 2-3. Fruit an achene.

Sepals six. 1. RUMEX.
Sepals five or four.
Leaves hastate ; plants climbing. 3. PoLYGONUM.
Leaves hastate ; plants erect. 2. FAGOPYRUM.
Leaves not hastate ; plants erect. 3. POLYGONUM.

1. RUMEX L.
Flowers in panicled racemes. Sepals six, the three outer not changed
in fruit, the three inner usually enlarging and one or all bearing a tubercle
at base. Stamens six, styles three. Stigmas tufted.

76 POLYGONACEAE

Leaves hastate. 1. BR. Acetosella.
Leaves not hastate.
Sepals bristle-bearing. 8. BR. persicarioides.
Sepals not bristle-bearing.
Sepals 3’ broad or more in fruit. 5. R. Patientia.

Sepals less than 3” broad in fruit.
Tubercle usually one.

Sepals spiny. 7. BR. obtusifolius.
Sepals not spiny. 4. &. allissimus.
Tubercles usually three.
Leaves wavy-margined. 6. BR. crispus.
Leaves not wavy-margined.
Pedicels about length of fruiting calyx. 2. R. salicifolius.

Pedicels 3-5 times length of fruiting calyx. 3. 2. verticillatus.

1. R. Acetosella L. SHEEP SoRREL. Dioecious, 6’~15’ high: leaves
lanceolate-hastate : fruit not winged.—Not uncommon in fields and waste
places. May-June.

2. R. salicifolius Weinm. WHITE Dock. Glabrous, 1°-5° high:
leaves oblong-lanceolate.—Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River
and in waste places. May-October.

3. R. verticillatus L. Swamp Dock. 3°-5° high: leaves lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate.—Frequent in swamps near Lake City and Sibley.
May-August.

4. R. altissimus Wood. TALL Dock. 2°-4° high, very glabrous :
leaves oblong-lanceolate: pedicels about the length of the fruiting calyx.
—Common in waste places and moist grounds. May-July.

5. R. PatientiaL. PatiENcE Dock. 3°-5° high: leaves large, the
lower ovate-oblong, the upper oblong-lanceolate: pedicels 2-4 times the
length of fruiting calyx: tubercle one.—Along the railroad near Pixley’s
Switch. Rare. Abundant near Argentine and Nearman, Kansas. May-
July.

6. R. crispus L. CuRLED Dock. 1°-4° high: leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate : pedicels 1-2 times the length of fruiting calyx.—
Very abundant in waste places. May-July.

7. R. obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock. 1°-4° high: leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, cordate or rounded at base: pedicels longer than fruiting calyx.—
Common in waste places. May-July.

8. R. persicarioides L. River Dock. 8/-24’ high, pubescent: leaves
long-lanceolate, wavy-margined: racemes leafy-bracted: flowers densely
whorled: pedicels slightly longer than fruiting calyx: tubercles three.—
Common on sand-bars along the Missouri River. May-—October.

2. FAGOPYRUM Gaertn.

Annuals. Sepals five. Stamens eight. Styles three. Stigmas capi-
tate. Achene triangular, longer than the calyx. Flowers in racemose
panicles.

POLYGONACEAE 77

1. F. esculentum Moench. BucKWHEAT. 1°-2° high, smoothish:
flowers whitish: achene smooth.—Occasionally occurs along railroads and
in waste places. July-August.

3. POLYGONUM L.

Herbs prostrate, erect or twining. Leaves continuous with or jointed
to the stipules (ochreae). Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 5-9. Styles 2-3-
parted orcleft. Fruita lenticular or triangularachene. Probably includes

several distinct genera.

Plants not twining.
Flowers in terminal racemes.

Lower flowers, at least, in axillary clusters.

Plants twining.

I.
Calyx 5-parted.
Ochreae not bristle-bearing.
Perennials.
Annuals.
Peduncles almost smooth.
Peduncles very glandular.
Style-branches barely exserted.
Style- branches long-exserted.
Ochreae bristle bearing.
Racemes thick ; not interrupted.
Plant glabrous to puberulent.
Plant hispid.

Racemes slender ; usually interrupted.

Ochreae strigose.
Ochreae smooth.

T. Smartweed.
II. Knotweed.
Ill.

. P. emersum.

. P. lapathifolium.

P. Pennsylvanicum.
P. longistylum.

. P. Persicaria.
. P. orientale.

. P. hydropiperoides.

Racemes usually drooping. 7. P. Hydropiper.
Racemes erect. 8. P. punctatum.
Calyx 4-parted. 10. P. Virginianum.
II.
Plants prostrate. 11. P. aviculare.
Plants erect or ascending.
Leaves oblong or oval. 12. P. erectum.
Leaves lanceolate to linear. :
Achene twice the length of the calyx. 13. P. exsertum.
Achene enclosed, or nearly so, by calyx.
1° or more high. 14. P. ramossissimum.
1° or less high. 15. P. tenue.
III.
Stems not prickly.
Calyx not wing-margined in fruit. 16, P. Convolvulus.
Calyx strongly wing-margined in fruit. 17. P. scandens.
Stems prickly. 18. P. sagittatum.

1. P. emersum (Michx.) Britton.

1°-3° high, usually hairy : leaves

ovate-lanceolate : spikes 1-2, 1’-3’ long: flowers bright rose color.—

Common in swampy ground.

2. P, lapathifolium L. 1°-3° high, smooth : leaves lanceolate, 2/-5’
long : spikes erect, 1’-2’ long : flowers white or pink: stamens 6.—Infre-

quently occurs in waste places.

78 POLYGONACEAE

Var. incarnatum (El].) S. Wats. Much larger, often 5° high: leaves
often 8’ long and spikes 2/-3’ long, somewhat nodding.—Common in open
moist ground.

3. P. Pennsylvanicum L. Like the last, but peduncles and pedicels
very glandular, glabrous below: spikes oblong, dense, 1’-2’ long: stamens
8.—Very abundant in low grounds.

4. P.longistylum Small. Resembles P. Pennsylvanicum, but the spikes
are longer (1’-4’ long) and less dense, the calyx is larger, and the styles
are long-exserted.—Low grounds near Atherton. Local.

5. P. Persicaria L. Peduncles and pedicels not glandular and ochreae
fringed with short bristles. Otherwise closely resembles P. Pennsylva-
nicum.—Frequent in waste places. July—October.

6. P. hydropiperoides Michx. Perennial, 1°-3° high, glabrous or stri-
gillose : leaves narrowly lanceolate : ochreae fringed with long bristles:
spikes erect, slender and usually interrupted below: achene sharply
triangular.—Wet prairies near Lake City and Sibley. Locally common.
July—October.

7. P. Hydropiper L. Annual, 1°-2° high, smooth : leaves lanceolate,
punctate: ochreae fringed with short bristles: spikes nodding, slender
and interrupted : achene triangular or lenticular: stamens 4 or 6.—In
waste places. Not uncommon. July-September.

8. P. punctatum Ell. Annual or perennial, 1°-4° high, smooth:
leaves lanceolate, punctate : ochreae fringed with long bristles: spikes
erect, loosely flowered : achene triangular or lenticular.—Rather common
in wet woods.

Var. leptostachyum (Meisn ) Small. Plant smaller: spikes much
interrupted and more loosely flowered.—Very common in damp woods.

9. P. orientale L. 3°-8° high, hispid: leaves broadly ovate, acumi-
nate: ochreae short-ciliate: spikes numerous, dense and finally droop-
ing: flowers large, rose-colored.—Rarely escaped from gardens near In-
dependence, Lone Jack and Adams. August-October.

10. P. Virginianum L. Annual, 2°-5° high, nearly smooth, but
ochreae strigose: leaves ovate, acuminate: spikes very long, slender and
interrupted : flowers greenish-white.—Common in rich woods. August—
October.

11. P. aviculare L. Prostrate and widely spreading: leaves oblong to
lanceolate, acutish, 3’’-10’” long: ochreae silvery: flowers small: style
3-parted to near the base : stamens 5-8.—Abundant in waste places.

Var. littorale (Link. ) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Leaves obtusish,
and style 3-parted at the base-—Common in waste places. (P. littorale
Link. )

12. P. erectum L. Stout, erect, 1°-2° high: leaves oval to oblong,
6’’-20’” long, rather obtuse: stamens usually six: achene included or
almost so.—Common in woods and waste grounds. August-October.

CHENOPODIACEAE 79

13. P. exsertum Small. Annual, 1°-3° high: leaves lanceolate,
acute, short-petioled : stamens 5-6 : achene 2-3 times the length of the
calyx.—Muddy banks of Rock Creek near its mouth, and near Indepen-
dence. Not common. August-September.

14. P. ramosissimum Michx. Annual, 1°-4° high: leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, short-petioled: stamens 6: achene sometimes slightly
exserted.—Common in open grounds. August-Septemb:>r.

15. P. tenue Michx. Annual, 4’-12’ high, slender: leaves linear-
lanceolate, acute, short-petioled : flowers erect : stamens 8: achene in-
cluded.—On wet hillsides north of Lee’s Summit and south of Grain
Valley. Local. July-September.

16. P. Convolvulus L. CLIMBING BucKWHEAT. Annual, twining
or procumbent, scurfy: leaves ovate-sagittate: flowers in pedicelled
clusters: outer calyx lobes keeled, but not winged.—Frequent in waste
places and along railroads. June-August.

17. P.scandens L. CLIMBING BwCKWHEAT. Perennial, strongly
climbing, smooth: leaves ovate cordate at base, long-petioled : racemes
numerous, panicled and leafy: outer calyx lobes strongly winged, 5’’-6’’
long.—Abundant in thickets. July—-October.

18. P. sagittatum L. TEAR THUMB. Annual: stems climbing,
thickly covered with sharp-reflexed prickles: leaves lanceolate-sagittate,
short-petioled : flowers in capitate clusters.—In bogs near Buckner and
Sibley. Locally abundant. July—October.

FamILy 38. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort.

Weedy herbs with alternate, non-stipulate leaves. Flowers small,
greenish, without scarious bracts. Calyx 2-5-lobed or parted, or of but
one sepal. Stamens as many as calyx lobes, or sometimes fewer. Ovary
superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles or stigmas 1-5. Fruit a utricle, with
a thin or thick covering (pericarp).

Leaves not rigid and spiny tipped.
Pistillate flowers not enclosed by bractlets.
Sepals three to five.
Fruiting calyx strongly winged.
Fruiting calyx not strongly winged.
Leaves not linear and ciliate.
Leaves linear and ciliate.
Sepals solitary.

2. CYCLOLOMA.
1.
5.
Leaves toothed. 8. MONOLEPIS.
6.
4,
7.

CHENOPODIUM.
Koc8HIA.

Leaves entire. CoRISPERMUM.
Pistillate flowers enclosed by two bractlets. ATRIPLEX.
Leaves rigid and spiny tipped. SALSOLA.

1. CHENOPODIUM L.
Weeds with perfect sessile flowers in panicled clusters. Sepals and
stamens each 3-5. Styles 2-3. Calyx lobes enveloping the fruit, which
is enclosed by a thin covering (pericarp).

80 CHENOPODIACEAE

Plants not glandular nor aromatic.
Pericarp easily separated from the‘seed.

Calyx lobes barely keeled. 2. C. Boscianum.

Calyx lobes strongly keeled.
Leaves linear to oblong. 3. C. leptophyllum.
Leaves triangular-hastate. 4. C. Fremontii incanum.

Pericarp separated from seed with difficulty.

Leaves coarsely 2-8-toothed. 8. C. hybridum.

Leaves sinuate to incised.
Sepals strongly keeled. 1. C. album.

Sepals not keeled in fruit.
Leaves white-glaucous beneath. 7
Leaves green on bovh sides.
Seeds with rounded margins. 5. C. urbicum.
Seeds with acute margins. 6. C. murale.
Plants glandular or aromatic.

. C. glaucum.

Leaves sinuate-pinnatifid. 9. C. Botrys.

Leaves repand-dentate to incised.
Flowers in leafy spikes. 10. C. ambrosioides.
Flowers in leafiess spikes. 11. C. anthelminticum.

1. C. album L. PIGWEED. ” Erect annual, 6/-10° high, mealy:
leaves rhombic-ovate to linear-lanceolate, at least the lower usually angu-
late-toothed, acuminate to obtuse : spikes in terminal clusters.—Abun-
dant in waste places. May-November. A form with linear entire leaves
occurring in the southern part and apparently native may be distinct.

Var. viride (L.) Mog. Plant not mealy: leaves obtuse or acute.—
Infrequent in waste places.

Var. Berlandieri (Moq.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Plant not
toealy : leaves cuspidate or bristle-tipped. —Abondant in waste places.
(C. Berlandieri Mogq.)

2. C. Boscianum Mog. Wood PIGWEED. 1°-4° high, not mealy :
leaves oblong-lanceolate, slender-petioled, nearly entire: flowers in
slender, terminal spikes on widely diverging branches.—Common in
woods and thickets. July—October.

3. C. leptophyllum (Mog.) Nutt. NARROW-LEAVED PIGWEED.
Annual, 6’-30’ high, more or less mealy : leaves linear to oblong-linear,
entire : branches erect : flowers densely clustered.—Infrequent along rail-
roads and in sandy soil throughout. May-October.

Var. oblongifolium 8. Wats. Leaves oblong.—With the type but
much more common.

4. C. Fremontii incanum §. Wats. PRAIRIE PIGWEED. Annual,
about 6’ high, erect, mealy: leaves broadly triangular-hastate, sinuate-
dentate, densely mealy on both sides: spikes slender, axillary and ter-
minal.—Has been found as a waif at Courtney; also at Armstrong,
Kansas. J uly-September.

5. C. urbicum L. City PIGWEED. Dull green annual, 1°-3° high,
not mealy, erect: leaves triangular-ovate, irregularly dentate: spikes
terminal and axillary, the upper longer than the leaves.— Waste places in
Kansas City and Sheffield. Notcommon. June-September.

; CHENOPODIACEAE 81

6. C. murale L. SOWBANE. Resembles the last but usually decum-
bent: leaves more sharply toothed : spikes not longer than the leaves —
Streets of Westport and Independence. Locally common. June-Sep-
tember.

7. C.glaucum L. SPREADING PIGWEED. Glaucous-mealy, spread-
ing: leaves oblong, sinuate-toothed, strongly glaucous-mealy beneath :
flowers in small axillary spikes.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River near
Courtney. Rare. June—October.

8. C. hybridum L. MAPLE-LEAVED PIGWEED. 2°-8° high: leaves
large, thin, ovate, truncate or rounded at base, long-acuminate, with 1-4
deep teeth on each side: flowers in large diffuse panicles.—Abundant in
woods and waste places throughout. July—October.

9. C. Botrys L. FEATHER GERANIUM. Annual, -6’-24 tall, glan-
dular-pubescent and viscid: leaves slender-petioled, oblong, sinuate-
pinnatifid : flowers small,.in axillary, cymose, leafless panicles.—Streets
of Independence, and at Sheffield. Rare. June-September.

10. C. ambrosioides L. MExIcAN TEA. Nearly smooth, but
strongly-scented, 2°-4° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate, repand-dentate,
short-petioled : flowers in dense axillary and terminal leafy spikes.—
Common around dwellings. July-October.

11. C. anthelminticum L. WoRMSEED. Resembles the last but
leaves more strongly toothed and spikes not leafy.—Around dwellings at
Courtney, Independence and near Atherton, July—October.

2. CYCLOLOMA Mog.

A diffusely branching annual with alternate, sinuate-toothed leaves.
Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes strongly keeled, surrounded by a continuous,
horizontal, scarious wing.

1. C. atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. WINGED PIGWEED. 6/-3°
high : leaves somewhat arachnoid-pubescent.—Sandy places in the Mis-
souri River bottoms. Rather common. July-October.

3. MONOLEPIS Schrad.

Low annuals with flowers in axillary sessile clusters. Sepal1. Stamen
1. Styles 2.

1. M. Nuttalliana (R. & 8.) Greene. 3/-12’ high, prostrate-spread-
ing: leaves lanceolate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe much the longest : flow-
ers sessile.—Sparingly adventized along the railroad near Pixley’s Switch ;
also at Argentine, Kansas. April-September.

4. ATRIPLEX L.

Flowers dioecious or monoecious, axillary or in spikes. Staminate
flowers with 3-5 sepals, 3-5 stamens, and no bracts. Pistillate flowers
consisting of a solitary pistil, enclosed in two foliaceous bracts.

6

82 AMARANTHACEAE

1. A. hastata L. SPREADING ORACHE. Rather spreading, 1°-2°
high, scurfy : leaves broadly triangular-hastate, nearly entire: flowers
in panicled, interrupted leafless spikes, or axillary: sides of fruiting
bractlets tubercled.—In waste places at Westport, Independence and
Greenwood. Uncommon. July-October.

5. KOCHIA Roth.

Erect herbs with narrow, entire leaves and flowers in axillary clusters.
Calyx 5-lobed, membranous, somewhat winged in fruit. Embryos of seed
annular.

1. K. Scoparia (L.) Roth. Annual, 1°-3° high, pubescent above :
utricle usually flat.—Along Independence Ave., Kansas City, near east
end of car line. A fewclumps. August-October.

6. CORISPERMUM L.

Much branched herbs, with flowers solitary in axils of the upper bract-
like leaves, and forming dense terminal spikes. Calyx of a solitary, thin
sepal. Stamens 1-3. Pericarp adherent to seed.

1. C. hyssopifolium L. Bua SEED. 1°-3° high: lower leaves linear,
the upper ovate-lanceolate.—Sand-bars along the Missouri River near
Courtney. Rare. Also opposite Kansas City in Clay County. July-
September.

7. SALSOLA L.

Flowers perfect, sessile, 2-bracteolate. Calyx 5-parted, appendaged by
a broad horizontal wing. Stamens 5. Styles 2.

1. S. Tragus L. RussIaAN THISTLE. A bushy branched annual:
leaves succulent, awl-shaped, very prickly pointed.—Along railroad at
Sheffield. Not common and shows little tendency to spread. May-
October.

FamILy 39. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil.

Herbs with alternate or opposite leaves. Flowers in terminal spikes,
scarious-bracted at base. Calyx 2-5-parted. Stamens1-5. Ovary 1-celled,
l-ovuled. Stigmas 1-3. Fruita utricle.

Leaves alternate.

Calyx lobes 3-5. 1. AMARANTHUS.
Calyx of perfect flowers absent. 2. ACNIDA,
, Leaves opposite. 3. FROELICHIA.

1. AMARANTHUS L.

Weeds with monoecious, polygamous or dioecious flowers in dense ter-
minal spikes or axillary clusters, 3-bracted at base. Calyx of distinct
sepals. Fruit beaked by persistent styles. Leaves awn-tipped.

Upper flowers in dense terminal spikes.
Leaves not spiny in axils.
Flowers polygamous.
Spikes stout. 1. A. retroflexus.

AMARANTHACEAE 83

Spikes slender.
Flowers dioecious,

Leaves with two spines in axils.
Flowers in smal] axillary clusters.

Plant prostrate-spreading.

Plant erect-ascending.

1. A. retroflexus L. RouGH PIGWEED. 1°-10° high, roughish-pu-
berulent : leaves ovate, entire or undulate, long-petioled : flowers greenish,
in dense terminal and axillary spikes: spikes ovoid-cylindric, compound
and often densely clustered : bracts awn-pointed : utricle circumscissile.
—A common weed in waste places. July—October.

2. A. hybridus L. SLENDER PIGWEED. Like the last but spikes
linear-cylindric, somewhat narrower, flexuous and not densely clustered.
—Also abundant in waste places. July—October.

Var. paniculatus (L.) Uline & Bray. Flowers and leaves tinged with
red.—Well distributed in waste places but not common. July—October.

3. A.spinosus L. Spiny PiawrEep. Bushy-branched, 1°-4° high:
leaves rhombic-lanceolate, long-petioled, with a pair of stout spines in
their axils: flowers monoecious: spikes long and slender: utricle im-
perfectly circumscissile.—In waste places. Rather common. June-Octo-
ber.

4. A. blitoides S. Wats. CREEPING PIGWEED., Widely prostrate-
spreading : leaves spatulate, petioled : flower clusters small : bract short,
acuminate : utricle circumscissile—Abundant in waste places. June—
October.

5. A. graecizans L. TUMBLE WEED. Resembles the last, but erect-
spreading : bracts subulate, rigid, PUPBRUN poutteA —Frequent in waste
places throughout. June-October.

6. A. Palmeri S. Wats. 2°-5° high, puberulent above: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, blunt at the apex, long-petioled : flowers dioecious, borre in
slender spikes: bracts subulate, spiny-awned: utricle indehiscent.—
Rarely adventized along railroad at Wayne City. Also at Argentine,
Kansas. August—October.

. A. hybridus.
. A. Palmeri.
. A, spinosus.

. A, blitoides.
. A, graecizans.

a. Ww

2. ACNIDA L.

Closely resembles Amaranthus, save that the calyx is absent in the pis-
tillate flowers. Plants dioecious.

1. A. tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. Water Hemp. 6/-10° high:
erect to postrate-spreading, usually much-branched : leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, long-petioled : flowers in long spikes and in axillary clusters : utricle
circumscissile, usually somewhat angled and tubercled, membranous.—
Abundant in low grounds especially on sand-bars along the Missouri
River. June-November. Very variable.

Var. tuberculata (Mog.) Uline & Bray. Tall and erect with spicate
inflorescence and a tubercled, indehiscent utricle.—Frequent with the

type.

84 NYCTAGINACEAE

3. FROELICHIA Moench.

Annuals with perfect 3-bracted flowers in densely panicled spikes.
Calyx very woolly, tubular, 5-cleft, longitudinally crested. Stamens 5,
their filaments united. Utricle indehiscent.

1. F. Ploridana (Nutt.) Mog. WooLLy PIGWEED. Erect, 1°-5° high :
leaves oblong-lanceolate, silky pubescent beneath: flowers very white-
woolly.—Adventized along railroad near Courtney. Uncommon. July—
September.

Famity 40. PHYTOLACCACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with alternate entire leaves and perfect flowers. Sepals 5. Sta-
mens 5 or more. Ovary superior, several-celled, with one ovule in each
cell, .Styles as many as the cells.

1. PHYTOLACCA L.
Flowers in terminal bracteolate racemes. Ovary composed of 5-15
somewhat united carpels, in fruit forming a berry.
1. P.decandra L. PoKE Berry. 3°-12° high, glabrous: leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, large: stamens 10: calyx white.—A common weed in
low grounds, waste places, etc. June-October.

FamiLy 41. NYCTAGINACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with opposite entire leaves and regular flowers in terminal or
axillary clusters, subtended by a calyx-like involucre. Calyx inferior,
petal-like, tubular or funnelform, 4-5-lobed. Stamens hypogynous.
Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled, enclosed by persistent base of calyx.

1. ALLIONIA Loefl. UMBRELLA-woRt.

Involueres axillary or in large terminal panicles, 4~5-lobed, 3-5-flowered.
Stamens three. Fruit strongly ribbed.

Leaves broadly ovate. 1. A. nyctaginea.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate.
Stem glabrous below. * 2. A, albida.
Stem hairy below. 3. A. hirsuta.
Leaves long-linear. 4. A. linearis.

1. A. nyctaginea Michx. 1°-4° high, stem much branched : leaves
petioled, ovate, cordate or rounded at base.—Common in rocky woods and
along railroads. May-September. ,

Var. ovata (Pursh) Morong. Leaves oblong-ovate, tapering to the
base, not at all cordate. —Rarely adventized along railroad south of Little
Blue Tank. May-September.

‘2: A.albida Walt. 1°-5° high, not bushy-branched, whitish and gla-
brous below : inflorescence viscid-pubescent : leaves oblong-lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile: flowers sometimes all axillary.—Fre-
quent in barrens throughout. May—September.

PORTULACACEAE 85

3. A. hirsuta Pursh. Closely resembles the last, but glandular-pubes-
cent all over.—Barrens west and north of Lee’s Summit. May-September.

4. A. linearis Pursh. 1°-5° high, glaucous: leaves narrowly linear :
inflorescence puberulent.—Adventized along railroads. Atherton to Shef-
field ; Hickman’s Mills. Infrequent. May-September. A. Bushii Brit-
ton is but a depauperate form of this species.

Famity 42. AIZOACEAE A. Br.

Prostrate herbs with small regular flowers. Calyx 4-5-parted. Sta-
mens perigynous. Ovary 3-5-celled, many-ovuled. Fruit a capsule.

1. MOLLUGO L.

Flowers axillary. Sepals 5. Petals none. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 3-
celled and stigmas 3. Stipules scarious, deciduous.

1. M. verticillata L. CARPET WEED. Leaves linear-spatulate, in
whorls of 5-6: flowers on slender pedicels, 1’” broad.— Usually common
along railroads and in sandy grounds. June-October.

Famity 43. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with regular unsymmetrical flowers. Sepals 2. Petals 4-5.
Stamens equalling petals or more numerous. Ovary 1-celled, with few to
many ovules. Style 2-3-cleft. Capsule circumscissile or dehiscent by
three valves.

Flowers cymose-paniculate. 2 1, TALINUM.
Flowers in terminal racemes. 2. CLAYTONIA.
Flowers axillary. 3. PORTULACA.

‘1. TALINUM Adans.

Erect perennial herbs with alternate terete leaves and cymose-paniculate
flowers. Capsule three-valved.

1. T.calycinum Engelm. FLAME FLOWER. 4/-12/ high: leaves basal,
clustered: cymes compound : flowers 1’ broad, pink: sepals persistent :
stamens 12-30.—On almost naked limestone rocks at Greenwood and
south of Oak Grove. Abundant in two small localities. May—-Septem-
ber.

2. CLAYTONIA L.

Herbs with flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals persistent. Stamens
and petals 5 each.

1. C. Virginica L. Sprina Beauty. 6/-12/ high from a deep solid
tuber : leaves few, linear-lanceolate : flowers pinkish, with darker veins,
}/-1/ broad.—Very abundant in moist rocky woods. April-May.

3. PORTULACA L.

Prostrate herbs with sessile terminal flowers: petals usually 5, and
stamens 7-many, inserted on calyx. Capsule dehiscent by a lid.

86 CARYOPHYLLACEAE

, Flowers yellow.

Plants prostrate : stamens 6-10. 1. P. oleracea.
Plants ascending : stamens 12-18. 2. P. neglecta.
Flowers red. 3. P. pilosa.

1. P. oleracea L. Stems short and small, prostrate, pale: leaves
small, 4/”-10” long, thickish and fleshy, obovate or cuneate, rounded
at the apex: flowers small, deep yellow, 2/’-3’ broad, opening in
bright sunshine at about 9:30 A. M.: style 4-6-parted: stamens
6-10: capsule 3/’-5’ long: seeds finely rugose.—In fields and waste
places. Not very common. Naturalized from Europe. Summer and
autumn.

2. P. neglecta Mackenzie & Bush, sp. nov. Stems long and thick,
erect or ascending, bright reddish-purple: leaves very large, 6/’-25/”
long, thin, broadly obovate or oblanceolate, rounded and obtuseor retuse
at apex : flowers larger, 3/’-6’’ broad, pale yellow, the petals deeply
2-cleft, opening in direct sunshine at about 7:45 A. M. : style 3-4-parted :
stamens 12-18: capsule 4//-6’’ long: seeds under a lens distinctly
tuberculate, blackish, about .35/’ long.—Abundant in rich soil in bot-
toms and on prairies. Grows in large patches, single plants sometimes
being four feet across. Summer and autumn.

3. P. pilosa L. Pilose pubescent with tufts of hair in axils of leaves:
leaves linear, terete.—Occurs locally in barrens. Brush Creek, Dodson,
Martin City, Raytown, Greenwood, Tarsney. Abundantattimes. July—
September.

FamiLy 44. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with opposite or apparently verticillaté leaves and perfect,
regular flowers. Sepals 4-5, separate or united. Petals 4-5, or none.
Stamens twice as many as petals or less. Styles 2-5. Ovary usually
1-celled (rarely 3-5-celled). Ovules attached to a central column.

Sepals united into a tube.
Styles two.

Calyx tubular. 4. SAPONARIA.

Calyx sharply 5-angled. 5. VACCARIA.
Styles three. 2. SILENE.
Styles five.

Sepals much exceeding petals. 1. AGROSTEMMA.

Sepals shorter than petals. 3. LYCHNIs.

Sepals distinct or nearly so.
Stipules wanting.
Petals deeply 2-c'eft or 2-parted.

Styles three. 6. ALSINE.
Styles five. 7. CERASTIUM.
Petals entire or emarginate.
Petals notched at apex. 8. ARENARIA.
Petals not notched at apex. 9. MOEHRINGIA.
Stipules present.

Leaves whorled. , 10. -SPERGULA.
Leaves opposite. 1. ANYCHIA.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE 87

1. AGROSTEMMA L.
Calyx lobes long and foliaceous, its tube 10-ribbed. Petals emarginate.
Stamens 10.
1. A.Githago L. CoRNCockLE. Annual, 1°-3° high, densely hairy:
leaves linear-lanceolate : petals red.—Along railroads and in wheat fields.
Rather rare. July-September.

2. SILENE L.

Calyx 5-toothed, 10-many-nerved. Stamens 10. Petalsclawed. Pod
opening by 3 or 6 apical teeth.

Leaves in fours. 1. S. stellata.
Leaves opposite.
Petals pink. 2. S. antirrhina.
Petals white. 3. S. noctifiora.

1. S. stellata (L.) Ait. Srarry CAMPION. 1}°-33° high, minutely
pubescent : leaves ovate-lanceolate : flowers in large terminal panicles :
petals white, fringed : flowers 9’” broad.—Rather common in dry woods
throughout. June-July.

2. S. antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCH-FLY. 6/-30/ high, glabrous, but
glutinous between the joints : leaves linear-lanceolate : flowers small, in
a terminal panicle : petals obcordate, opening in sunshine.—Common on
open rocky hillsides. April-June.

Var. divaricata Robinson. Very slender and weak : leaves linear:
branches filiform : petals none.—In moist rocky woods throughout but
less common than the species.

3. S. noctiflora L. NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCH-FLY. 2°-3° high,
viscid hairy : leaves oblanceolate: flowers large: petals two-cleft.—
Waste places in Kansas City and Independence and near Wayne City.
Rare.

3. LYCHNIS L.

Calyx 5-toothed, 10-nerved. Stamens 10. Pod opening by about 10
apical teeth.

1. L. alba Mill. Wuire Campion. 1°-2° high, viscid-pubescent :
leaves ovate-lanceolate : flowers loosely paniculate : petals white, 2-cleft.
—Waste places in Kansas City. Rare. June-October. :

4. SAPONARIA L.
Calyx 5-toothed, obscurely nerved. Stamens 10. Petals appendaged
at base of blade. Capsule opening by four apical teeth.

1. S. officinalis L. Bouncina BET. A glabrous perennial, 1°-2°
high : leaves ovate-lanceolate : flowers pinkish, in dense corymbed leafy
clusters.—Locally common along streets and railroads.

5. VACCARIA Medic.

Calyx sharply 5-angled in fruit: petals not appendaged at base of
blade. Otherwise as in Saponaria.

88 CARYOPHYLLACEAE

1. V. vulgaris Host. Cow Hers. A smooth annual, 1°-3° high with
ovate-lanceolate leaves and rather small reddish flowers in loose cymes.—
Occurs occasionally in waste places, especially along railroads at Sheffield.

June.
6. ALSINE L.

Diffuse annuals. Stamens 10 or less. Styles usually three. Pod 1-
celled, several-many-ovuled, and usually 6-valved.

1. A. media L. CHICKWEED. Stems spreading, - hairy: leaves
ovate, the lower long-petioled : flowers axillary or terminal, slender-
pedicelled: petals shorter than sepals.—Locally well adventized in
gardens in Kansas City and Independence. May-October.

7. CERASTIUM L. CHICKWEED.

Flowers cymose. Stamens 10 or less. Pod 1-celled, many-ovuled, 10-
valved.

Petals not longer than sepals. 1. C. vulgatum.

Petals longer than sepals.
Pedicels 3-7 times as long as calyx. 2. C. longipedunculatum.
Pedicels 1-2 times as long as calyx. 3. C. brachypodum.

1. C. vulgatum L. Annual, 4’-12/ long, spreading, hairy : leaves ob-
long : pedicels longer than calyx.—Common in woods and fields. April-
June. :

2. C. longipedunculatum Muhl. Annual, 6’-30’ high, erect or as-
cending, more or less clammy-pubescent: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1/-2/
long: cyme open, many-flowered.— Abundant in moist woods. April-
June.

3. C. brachypodum Engelm. Like the last but usually smaller:
leaves 3//-12’ long: cymes more compact.—Common in barrens and
rocky prairies throughout the southern part. April-June.

8. ARENARIA L.

Flowers terminal, cymose. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Ovary 1-celled,
many-ovuled, opening by 3 valves. Seeds without an appendage at the
hilum.

1. A. patula Michx. SANDWorRT. Annual, diffusely branching:
leaves linear-filiform : petals white: sepals 3-5-nerved.—In barrens near
Independence and at Greenwood. Locally abundant. May-June.

9. MOEHRINGIA L.

Cymes few-flowered. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Ovary few-ovuled.
Seeds with an appendage at the hilum.

1. M. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. Sanpwort. Erect, puberulent, 1° or
less high : leaves oval or oblong, obtuse : cymes 1-4-flowered, soon ap-
pearing lateral.—In wet rocky woods between Lee’s Summit and Little
Blue Tank, fide Rev. Cameron Mann. May.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE 89

10. SPERGULA L.
Flowers cymose. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5 and capsule 5-valved.
1. S. arvensis L. Spurry. 6/-18’ high : leaves filiform, 1/-2’ long:
flowers white.—Rarely occurs aloug railroads at Sheffield. July-August.

11. ANYCHIA Michx. FoRKED CHICKWEED.
Much branched annuals bearing minute flowers in the forks of the
leaves. Sepals5. Petals none. Stamens 2-5. Stigmas 2. Fruita 1-
seeded utricle.

Stems puberulent. 1, A. dichotoma.
Stems glabrous. 2. A. Canadensis.

1. A. dichotoma Michx. Puberulent and spreading, 3’-10’ high,
with internodes :2’7-4’” long: leaves lanceolate-elliptic, numerous.—
In dry woods throughout the southern part.—Common locally. June-
August.

2. A. Canadensis (L.) B.S.P. Nearly glabrous, erect, 6/-12/ high:
internodes often 12’ long : leaves oval-elliptic—Common in dry woods.
June-August.

Famity 45. NYMPHAEACEAE DC.

Aquatic herbs with long horizontal rootstocks and solitary axillary
flowers. Sepals3-5. Petals5-many. Stamens 5-many. Pistils3-many,
distinct or united. Ovules 1—many.

1. NELUMBO Adans.

Sepals 4-5. Petals and stamens very numerous. Pistils many, each
1-ovuled and inserted separately in pits in the large fleshy obconical re-
ceptacle.

1. N. lutea (Willd.) Pers. CHINQUAPIN WaTER LILY. Leavescen-
trally peltate, raised high out of the water or floating, orbicular, strongly
ribbed, 1°-2° broad: flowers yellow, 4’-12’ broad.—Very abundant in
ponds at Lake City ; also in Fish Lake near Sibley. July-September.

Famity 46. CERATOPHYLLACEAE A. Gray.
Aquatic herbs with verticillate leaves, and sessile axillary monoecious
flowers. Calyx 8-12-cleft. Sterile flowers with 8-20 stamens with large
‘sessile anthers. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with one pendulous ovule.
Fruit indehiscent, beaked with the long persistent style.

1. CERATOPHYLLUM L.
Characters of the family.

1. C. demersum L. Hornwort. Leaves filiform, verticillate, forked :
fruit smooth or tubercled, 2’’-3’’ long.—Common in ponds at Sibley and
Sheffield. June-July.

90 RANUNCULACEAE

Famity 47. ANONACEAE DC.
Woody plants with alternate entire, non-stipulate leaves. Sepals 3.
Petals 6, in two rows, valvate in bud. Stamens numerous. Carpels
numerous, fleshy in fruit.

1. ASIMINA Adans.

Small trees with nodding flowers from axils of leaves of preceding
years. Pistils few, bearing numerous ovules in two rows, ripening into
fleshy oblong berries. Seeds flat.

1. A. triloba (L.) Dunal. Papaw. 10°-30° high. Leaves obovate-
cuneate : petals chocolate-colored : fruit 3’-6’ long.—Abundant in rich
woods, especially in the northern part. May.

Famity 48. RANUNCULACEAE Juss.

Herbs or shrubs. Sepals 3-15, or more. Stamens numerous. Pistils
1—many, 1-celled, 1-many-ovuled. Sepals, petals, stamens and pistils all
distinct and unconnected. Fruit either dry or berry-like.

Woody plants: leaves opposite. 7. CLEMATIS.
Herbs : leaves alternate.

Carpels several-ovuled.
Flowers regular: petals not spurred.

Sepals three, early deciduous. 1. HyDRASTISs.
Sepals five, persistent. 2. IsopyRUM.
Flowers regular : petals spurred, 3. AQUILEGIA.
Flowers irregular. 4, DELPHINIUM.
Carpels 1-ovuled.
Peta!s absent.
Flowers not in terminal panicles.
Achenes woolly or hairy. 5. ANEMONE.
Achenes smooth. 6. SYNDESMON.
Flowers in terminal panicles. 12. THALICTRUM.
Petals present.
Flowers white. 10. BATRACHIUM.
Flowers yellow.
Sepals spurred at base. 8. MyosuRus.
Sepals not spurred at hase.
Achenes striate. 11. OxYGRAPHIS.
Achenes not striate. 9. RANUNCULUS. .

1. HYDRASTIS L.

Erect perennials from a stout yellow rootstock. Sepals three, falling
off when the flower opens. Stamens and carpels numerous. Carpels 2-
ovuled, in fruit forming a head of crimson berries.

1. H. Canadensis L. GoupEN San. About 1° high, hairy : leaves
reviform, 5-9-lobed, doubly-serrate : cauline leaves two: flowers solitary,
greenish-white.—Abundant locally in rich woods west of Sibley and
southeast of Grain Valley. April.

2. ISOPYRUM L.

Sepals 5, white and petal-like. Stamens numerous. Follicles 2-6,
several-seeded.

RANUNCULACEAE 91

1. I. biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. Fatse RuE-ANEMONE. An erect
perennial from tuberous thickened roots: leaves 2-3, ternately compound,
the leaflets 2-3-lobed.— Abundant in moist woods. April-May.

3. AQUILEGIA L.
Leaves ternately decompound. Sepals 5, regular. Petals 5, produced
backward into hollow spurs. Stamens numerous. Pistils 5.
1. A. Canadensis L. CoLUMBINE. WiLD HoNEYSUCKLE. 1°-23°
high. Flowers nodding, 1/-2’ long, scarlet without, yellow within.—
Abundant on rocky hillsides. May.

4 DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur.
Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals 5,
petal-like, the posterior one prolonged into a spur. Petals 2 or 4, the
two posterior ones spurred, the lower with short claws, if present.

Annual: pistil solitary. 1. D. Ajacis.
Perennial : pistils three.
Flowers nearly white. 2. D. camporum.
Flowers bright blue. 3. D. tricorne.

1. D. Ajacis L. Leaves dissected into narrow lobes: flowers panicu-
lately-racemose: pods pubescent.—In waste places around Independence.
Sometimes abundantly escaped. June-July.

2. D. camporum Greene. 1°-4° high : racemes strict, erect: follicles
erect.—Rather common in barrens and rocky prairies. May-June.

3. D. tricorne Michx. Roots tuberous, 1°-3° high: racemes rather
few-flowered: follicles widely spreading.—Moist prairies. Atherton,
Little Blue Tank to Greenwood, Dodson. Locally common. May.

5. ANEMONE L.

Perennial herbs with dissected leaves, those of the stem opposite or
verticillate. Sepals 4-20, petal-like. Achenes compressed, 1-ovuled,
hairy (in ours).

Stems 3/-10 high from tubers. 1. A. Caroliniana.

Stems 1° or more high from rootstocks.
Stem leaves petioled.

Head of fruit cylindric, 1’ long. 2. A. cylindrica.
Head of fruit oblong, 9’’-12” long. 3. A. Virginiana.
Stem leaves sessile. 4. A. Canadensis.

1. A. Caroliniana Walt. Root leaves 3-divided, the lobes cleft : stem
leaves 3-cleft: sepals 10-20, narrow, light purple.—Rocky woods and
prairies. Greenwood and north of Lee’s Summit. Very local. April.

2. A. cylindrica A. Gray. Silky-pubescent: leaves 3-5-parted, their
divisions cuneate-oblanceolate and cleft and toothed at the apex : sepals
5, greenish-white, obtuse.—In dry woods south of Raytown along Jones’
Creek. June-July.

92 RANUNCULACEAE

3. A. Virginiana L. Closely resembles the last, but leaf divisions
ovate-lanceolate and sepals more acute.—Frequent throughout in rocky
woods. June-July.

4. A. Canadensis L. 1°-2° high: basal leaves 5-7-parted, their
broad divisions cleft and toothed, long-petioled: the cauline leaves similar
and sessile: sepals pure white : head of fruit oblong.—Abundant in low
woods along the Missouri River. May.

6. SYNDESMON Hofimg.

From a cluster of tuberous thickened roots. Basal leaves 2-3, ternately
compound. Flowers several, umbellate. Sepals 5-10, petal-like.
Achenes terete, strongly ribbed.

1. S. thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. RUE-ANEMONE. 4/-9’ high,
glabrous: petals pinkish.—Abundant in dry woods south of Dodson.
April-May.

7. CLEMATIS L.

Our species climbing vines with pinnately compound leaves. Sepals
4-5, valvate, petal-like. Stamensand pistils many. Styles persistent as
plumose or naked tails to the fruit.
Flowers white. 1. C. Virginiana.
Flowers purplish. 2. C. Simsii.

1. C. Virginiana L. VIRGIN’s BOWER. Leaves 3-foliolate, the leaf-
lets ovate, cut-toothed, thin : flowers small, dioecious, in leafy panicles :
styles plumose.—Along streams near Courtney, Dodson and Red Bridge.
Local. July.

2. C. Simsii Sweet. Leaflets 3-9, ovate-cordate, thick and strongly
reticulated : sepals 1’ long, the tips recurved : styles plumose below.—
In rocky woods throughout, but rather local. June.

8. MYOSURUS L.

Small annuals with linear basal leaves. Sepals 5, spurred at base.
Petals 5, clawed, small. Stamens 5-20. Pistils numerous on a long
slender spike-like receptacle. .

1. M. minimus L. Mouss-TatL. Fruiting spike 1’ or more long.—
In wet, sandy woods near Courtney and Dodson and on wet prairies near
Adams, Lee’s Summit and Greenwood. Common locally. April-June.

9. RANUNCULUS L. Crowroor. Buttercup.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, each with a nectariferous scale at base. Stamens
and carpels numerous. Achenes flattened, not ribbed, tipped by the
style.

Aquatic herb. 1. R. delphinifolius.
Not aquatic.
Petals not longer than the calyx.
Plants nearly glabrous,
Early basal leaves entire. 2. BR. abortivus.

RANUNCULACEAE 93

Leaves all 3-parted. 4. R. sceleratus.
Plants pubescent.
Beak of achene strongly recurved. 5. BR. recurvatus.
Beak of achene minute. 3. RB. micranthus.
Petals twice the length of the calyx.
Plants erect. 6. BR. acris.
Plants spreading. ‘
Stems pubescent or glabrous. 7. BR. septentrionalis.
Stems densely villous. 8. £R. hispidus.

1. R. delphinifolius Torr. YELLOW WATER-CROWFooT. Stems float-
ing or creeping in the mud: leaves dissected into capillary segments or
palmately 3-divided, the segments incised and lobed: flowers 8/’-12//
broad : achenes callous-margined.—In Fish Lake and near Little Blue
Tank. May-June.

2. R, abortivus L. 6/’-20/ high, glabrous: early basal leaves cordate,
crenate : the cauline leaves nearly sessile, parted and lobed : flowers 2//-3/’
broad : fruiting head globose: achenes minutely pointed.—Common in
moist grounds. April-May.

3. R. micranthus Nutt. 6/’-18’ high, pubescent: roots tuberous-
thickened : basal leaves 3-parted or divided. Otherwise like the last.—
Frequent in woods throughout. April-May.

4. R.sceleratus L. 6/-24 high, stout: basal leaves 3-5-lobed, the
lobes often toothed : flowers 3’’-4’” broad: fruiting head oblong-cylin-
dric, 4’”-6’” long : achenes minutely pointed.—-On muddy sand-bars along
the Missouri River. Sometimes frequent. May-November.

5. R. recurvatus Poir, 1°-2° high, hirsute : leaves all 3-divided, the
lobes cut and toothed : flowers 4/’/-5’’ broad: fruiting head globose :
achenes with a long recurved beak.--Frequent in moist woods through-
out. May-July.

6. R. acris L. 2°-3° high, erect, hairy: leaves 3-divided. their
sessile divisions again cleft and parted : flowers 1’ broad : achenes short-
beaked.—Rarely adventized along the railroad at Sheffield and Courtney.
May-June.

7. R. septentrionalis Poir. Stems ascending or procumbent and
widely spreading, sparingly pubescent or glabrate: leaves 3-divided,
their divisions stalked, and again 3-parted, the lobes incised : flowers 1’
broad : achenes long-tipped.—Common in low woods, especially in the
northern part. April-May.

8. R. hispidus Michx. Like the last but more erect and densely
villous: achenes more slender-tipped.—On low prairies near Buckner.
Rare. May-June.

10. BATRACHIUM &. F. Gray.

Aquatics with dissected leaves and white flowers. Like Ranunculus
but achenes transversely wrinkled.

1. B. divaricatum (Schrank.) Wimm. WHITE WATER-CROWFOOT.
Leaves 1’ long, much divided, rigid when drawn out of water: flowers

94 BERBERIDACEAE

6’’-9/’ broad.—In ponds northeast of Lee’s Summit and at Little Blue
Tank. June-July.
11. OXYGRAPHIS Bunge.

Like Ranunculus but achenes longitudinally striate.

1. O. Cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl. Glabrous, spreading by runners:
leaves cordate, crenate, long-petioled : flowers 1-9, scapose, 3’’-4’’ broad.
—On sand-bars along the Missouri River at Courtney. Also in Clay
county, Mo., near Harlem. Usually rare. June-August.

12. THALICTRUM L. MEADOW RUE.

Erect perennials with ternately decompound leaves. Flowers greenish-
white, dioecious or polygamous. Sepals 4-5. Petals none. Stamens
many. Carpels 4-15, longitudinally striate.
Flowers dioecious, in April-May. 1, T. divicum.
Flowers polygamous, in June-July. 2. T. purpurascens.

1. T. dioicum L. 1°-2° high: leaflets thin, orbicular, 5-9-lobed.—

. Very abundant on the rocky bluff of the Missouri River northwest of

Fairmount Park.

2. T. purpurascens L. 3°-6° high: leaflets thick, oblong, about 3-
lobed.—Common in meadows and woodlands throughout.

Famity 49. BERBERIDACEAE T. & G.

Herbs with alternate or basal leaves. Sepals and petals present, 6-9
each, imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, opposite the petals or more
numerous. Pistil one, superior, few—many-ovuled.

Flowers in terminal panicles. 1, CAULOPHYLLUM.
Flowers solitary. 2. PODOPHYLLUM.

1. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx.

Leaves decompound. Sepals 6, with 3-4 bractlets at base. Petals 6,
small. Stamens 6. Anthers dehiscent by valves. Ovules 2. Fruit
berry-like.

1. C. thalictroides Michx. Buus ConosH. 1°-3° high, glaucous:
leaflets 2-3-lobed : flowers greenish-purple.—Frequent in rich woods near
Sibley. April.

2. PODOPHYLLUM L.

Sepals 6, very fugacious. Petals 6-9, white. Stamens 12-18, their an-
thers longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary many-ovuled. Fruit a large
berry.

1. P. peltatum L. May APPLE. 1°-2° high: sterile stems bearing
a solitary centrally peltate, orbicular, 7-9-lobed leaf: the fertile bearing
two similar, but one-sided leaves, with the nodding flower (2’ broad) in
the fork.—Very abundant in woods. April-May.

PAPAVERACEAE 95

Famity 50. MENISPERMACEAE Dc.
Climbing herbs with alternate non-stipulate leaves and dioecious, pan-

icled flowers. Sepals 4-12. Petals 6 or none. Stamens 6-24. Carpels
3-many, l-ovuled. Fruit a drupe.

: 1. MENISPERMUM L.

Sepals 4-8 in-two series. Petals 6-8. Stamens 12-24. Pistils 2~4.
Drupe globular.

1. M. Canadense L. MoonsEED. Leaves peltate near the base, cor-
date, 3-7-lobed or entire above: flowers greenish-white.——Common in
thickets. May-June. '

FamILy 51. PAPAVERACEAE B. Juss.

Herbs with alternate non-stipulate leaves. Flowers regular or irregu-
lar. Sepals 2, fugacions. Petals 4-12. Stamens few—many, hypogynous.
Ovary 1, 1-celled, few-many-ovuled.

Flowers regular.

Leaves spiny toothed. 1. ARGEMONE.

Leaves not spiny toothed. 2. SANGUINARIA.
Flowers irregular.

Flowers white. 3. BIKUKULLA.

Flowers yellow. 4, CAPNOIDES,

1. ARGEMONE L. PRICKLY Poppy.

Petals 4-6. Stamensnumerous. Stigmas3-6, radiate. Capsule prickly,
dehiscent by 3-6 valves at the apex.
Flowers yellow. 1. A. Mexicana.
Flowers white. 2. A. intermedia.

1. A. Mexicana L, 1°-2° high, with sessile, oblong, pinnatifid and
prickly, white-spotted leaves: flowers sessile, yellow.—Waste places in
Independence. Rare. July-August.

2. A. intermedia Sweet. Like the last but leaves not blotched:
flowers peduncled, white, 1/-3’ broad.—Streets of Kansas City and In-
dependence. Rare. July-August.

2. SANGUINARIA L.

Rootstock red, bearing petioled, reniform, lobed leaves and one-flowered
scapes. Petals 8-12. Stamens numerous. Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 2-
valved.

1. S. Canadensis L. BLooprRoor. 4/-8 high, glabrous and glaucous.
—Frequent in rocky bluff woods along the Missouri River. April.

3. BIKUKULLA Adans.

Low herbs with ternately decompound and dissected leaves and irregular
racemose flowers. Sepals two, minute. Petals four, in two pairs, the

96 CRUCIFERAE

outer spurred at base and spreading above, the inner narrower and
clawed. Stamens six in two sets. Pods 10-20-seeded.
Plants from scaly bulbs. 1. B. Cucullaria.
Plants from corm-like tubers. 2. B. Canadensis.

1. B.Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. DuTcHMAN’s BREEcHES. 5/-10/ high:
racemes 4-10-flowered: spurs of petals divergent, sharp-pointed : inner
petals minutely crested.—Common in rocky woods throughout. April.

2. B. Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. INDIAN CoRN. Like the last but
spurs of petals short and rounded at base, and the inner petals conspicu-
ously crested.—In rich woods along the bluffs at Courtney. Not com-
mon. April.

4. CAPNOIDES Adans.

Herbs with decompound leaves and yellow flowers in racemes. Sepals
two, small. Petals four, the upper outer one spurred at base, the interior
ones keeled. Stamens six in two sets. Pods many-seeded.

Pods pendulous. 1. C. flavulum.
Pods erect.
Pods 5’’-7’” long. 2. C. montanum.
Pods 3/’-6’’ long. 3. C. micranthum.

1. C. flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze. 6/-14/ high : flowers 3’’-4’’ long, the
spur 1/’-2/ long, the outer petals wing-crested : pods torulose.—Rather
common in rich woods along streams. April-May.

2. C. montanum (Engelm.) Britton. Like the last but flowers 6//
long : outer petals keeled but not crested : pods usually 8-seeded or more
seeded, hardly torulose : racemes many- flowered, often 4” long.—Common
in rocky barrens and prairies throughout the southwestern part. April-
May.

3. C. micranthum (Engelm.) Britton. Resembles the two preceding :
outer petals barely wing-crested : flowers 3/’-4/’ long: pods about 5-
seeded : racemes few-flowered, usually 1’ or less long.—In sandy woods
near Courtney and in barrens near Dodson, Pixley’s and Lee’s Summit.
April-May. ,

FamILy 52. CRUCIFERAE B. Juss.

Herbs with alternate leaves and racemose flowers. Sepals 4. Petals 4,
cruciform. Stamens 6, tetradynamous. Pistil 1, consisting of two car-
pels. Stigmas usually 2-lobed. Fruit generally 2-celled and opening by
valves. Cotyledons accumbent, incumb-nt or conduplicate. (Ripe fruit
is necessary for positive determination of specimens. )

Pods two-seeded. 1. LEPIDIUM.
Pods more than two-seeded.
Pods triangular, emarginate at apex. 11. Bursa.
Pods pear-shaped. 12. CAMELINA.
Pods long-orbicular. 2. THLASPI.
Pods short oblong to long-linear.
Flowe's purplish. 7. IODANTHUS.

Flowers pure white.

CRUCIFERAE 97

Stellate pubescent. 13. DRABA.

Not stellate pubescent.
Stem leaves nearly verticillate. 10. DENTARIA.
Stem leaves alternate.
Pods oblong or orbicular. 8. RoRIPA.
Pods long-linear. 9. CARDAMINE.

Flowers yellow or greenish-white.
Pods long-beaked.

Pods densely hispid. 4. SINAPIS,
Pods not densely hispid. 5. BRASSICA.
Pods not long-beaked.
Seeds flat.
Pods 4-angled. 6. BARBAREA.
Pods not 4-angled. 15. ARABIS.
Seeds round or oblong.
Leaves entire, cordate-clasping. 17. CONRINGIA.
Leaves lanceolate or linear ; not pin-
natifid. 16. ERYSIMUM. -
Leaves pinnatifid.
Pubescence of forked hairs. 14. Sopaia.
Pubescence, if present, simple.
Seeds in one row in each cell. 3. SISYMBRIUM.

Seeds in two rows in each cell. 8. RoRIpa.

1. LEPIDIUM L. PEPPER GRASS.

Pods roundish to oblong, flattened. Petals often wanting. Cotyledons
incumbent or accumbent.

Petals present, white. 1. L. Virginieum.
Petals wanting. 2. L. apetalum.

1. L. Virginicum L. 6/’-24’ high, branching: basal leaves pinnatifid,
with large terminal lobe: pods minutely winged above: cotyledons
accumbent.—Common in waste places. May-July.

2. L. apetalum Willd. Closely resembles the last, but basal leaves
are equally pinnatifid : cotyledons incumbent.—Very abundant in waste
places. June-August.

2. THLASPI L.

Flowers white. Pods oblong-orbicular, fat and winged. Cotyledons
accumbent.

1. T. arvense L. PrEnNy Cress. Annual, 6’-2° high: stem leaves
oblong-lanceolate, sagittate-clasping, dentate : pods 4/’-6’’ broad, deeply
notched at the summit.—Adventized along Spring Branch east of Inde-
pendence. May-June.

3. SISYMBRIUM L.

Pods elongated, linear, many-seeded. Valves about 3-nerved. Seeds
marginless. Cotyledons incumbent.

Pods strictly erect, appressed. 1. 8. officinale.
Pods widely spreading. 2. &. altissimum.

1. S. officinale (L.) Scop. Hepaz Mustarp. 1°-3° high: leaves
runcinate-pinnatifid : flowers yellow: pods 5’’-7/” long.—Abundant in
waste places. May-October.

7

98 CRUCIFERAE

2. S. altissimum L. Tatu Mustarp. 2°-4° high: leaves deeply
pinnatifid : flowers yellowish-cream color: pods 2/-4’ long, narrowly
linear.—Sparingly adventized along railroads at Sheffield. May-August.

4. SINAPIS L.

Flowers yellowish, racemose. Pods terete, beaked, constricted between
the seeds. Seeds roundish, not winged. Cotyledons conduplicate.

1. S. alba L. Waitt Mustarp. 1°-3° high: leaves pinnate, with
a large terminal leaflet: pods ascending : beak as long or longer than the
pod.—Cultivated grounds and along railroads at Kansas City and Inde-
pendence. Rare. May-June.

5. BRASSICA L.

Flowers yellow. Pods terete or four-sided, beaked, the beak usually
1-seeded. Seeds oblong, marginless. Cotyledons conduplicate.

Leaves not clasping.
Beak of fruit 1//-2” long.
Beak of fruit 5’”-6” long.
Upper leaves clasping.
Leaves somewhat pubescent.
Leaves glabrous.

. B, nigra.
. B. arvensis.

. B. campestris.
. B. Napus.

1. B. nigra (L.) Koch. BuAcK MusTaRD. 2°-6° high: leaves deeply
pinnatifid, dentate : pods narrowly linear, 6” long, smooth, on pedicels
2’’-4/’ long, appressed in fruit.—Abundant in waste places. June—
September.

2. B. arvensis (L.) B.S.P. CHARLOCK. 2°-3° high, hispid: leaves
pinnatifid : pods linear, knotty, 6’’-8’’ long, smooth, on short ascend-
ing pedicels. —Frequent along railroads, especially at Sheffield. May-
September.

3. B. campestris L. Turnip. 1°-3° high, glabrous: lower leaves
pubescent, pinnatifid: upper leaves glabrous, auriculate, clasping and
entire: pods 1/-2/ long, on long spreading pedicels, long-beaked.—Infre-
quent in waste places and along railroads. May-—September.

4. B.Napus L. Raps. Like the last, but leaves entirely glabrous. —
Infrequent along railroads. April-September.

Pwo Ne

6. BARBAREA BR. Br.
Flowers yellow. Pod long-linear, four-sided. Seeds in one row in
each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.
1. B. stricta Andrz. WiInTER CREss. 1°-2° high: leaves lyrate-
pinnatifid : pods about 1’ long, appressed on erect pedicels.—Along rail-
roads near the foot of Burge Park Bluffs, Kansas City. Rare. May.

7. IODANTHUS T. & G.

Petals long-clawed, purplish. Pods long-linear, cylindric. Seeds in
one row in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.

CRUCIFERAE 99

1. I. pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. PurpiE Rocker. 1°-3° high,
glabrous: leaves oblong in outline, dentate: pods 12/’-18’ long.—In
rich woods throughout, but notcommon. May-July.

8. RORIPA Scop.

Flowers white or yellow. Pods from subglobose to oblong-linear.
Seeds numerous, marginless. Cotyledons acoumbent. The first four
species are known as YELLOW WATER CREss.

Flowers yellow.

Perennial. 1. BR. sinuata,
Annuals.
Seeds pitted. 2. BR. sessilifiora.
Seeds minutely tuberculate. :
Pedicels 1’’ long. 3. BR. obtusa.
Pedicels 2’”-4” long. 4. R. palustris.
Flowers white.
Creeping and spreading. 5. R. Nasturtium.

Erect. 6 R. Armoracia.

1. R. sinuata (Nutt.) A. 8. Hitchcock. Branches spreading and as-
cending, glabrous: leaves oblong, pinnately cleft: flowers 3/’-4’’ broad :
pods 4-6’ long.—Quite common in sandy soil along the Missouri
River. April-June.

2. R. sessiliflora (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock. Erect, 6/-12’ high:
leaves oblong, crenate and lohed: flowers 1” broad, nearly sessile : pods
oblong, thick —Common with the next. April-November.

3. R. obtusa (Nuitt.) Britton. Much branched and spreading: leaves
pinnatifid: flowers 1/7 broad : pods oblong, 1//-5’” long.—Common on
sand-bars along the Missouri River. April-November.

4. R. palustris (L.) Bessey. 6/-2° high, erect, glabrous: leaves
oblong, pinnatifid : flowers 1/2” broad : pods about equalling the pedi-
cels.—Common in wet places throughout. April-November.

5. R. Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. WATER CREss. Glabrous: leaves
divided into 3-9 oblong to orbicular segments: pedicels about 10’ long,
widely spreading and as long as the pods.—In springs around Kansas
City. Common locally. May-August.

6. R. Armoracia (L.) A.8. Hitchcock. Horskz RADISH. 2°-4° high,
from large rootstocks: leaves oblong, crenate to pinnatifid : pedicels
ascending : flowers large.—Occasionally escaped along roads. May-July.

9. CARDAMINE L. BITTER CREss.
Pods long, linear, with nerveless valves and seeds in a single row in
each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.

Plants not from a tuberous base.
Terminal leaf segment obovate to orbicular.
Stems 8’ or more high, stout. 1. C. Pennsylvanica.
Stems 2/-5’ high, delicate. 2. C. parviflora.
Terminal leaf segment linear to linear-oblong. 3. C. arenicola,
Plants from a tuberous base. 4. C. bulbosa.

100 CRUCIFERAE

1. C. Pennsylvanica Muhl. 8/-2° high, leafy : leaves pinnatifid, of
3-8 pairs of toothed oblong leaflets: flowers 2/” broad.—In bogs along
the bluffs west of Sibley. Uncommon. April-May.

2. C. parviflora L. 2’-5’ high, very delicate and weak : leaves of 1-5
leaflets, the terminal orbicular, the lateral oblong to linear: flowers 1/’
pbroad.—On mossy rocks in ravines west of Lee’s Summit. Rare. April—
May.

3. C. arenicola Britton. 4/-12’ high, much branched and leafy:
leaves of 3-5 pairs of entire or sparingly toothed linear leaflets: flowers
1//-2/’ broad.— Wet sandy prairies near Dodson and Grain Valley. Fre-
quent. April-May.

4. C. bulbosa (Schreb.) B.S.P. 1° high: basal leaves orbicular, the
cauline oblong to lanceolate, toothed or entire: flowers 5/’—7’” broad.—
In bogs near Courtney and Little Blue Tank. Rare and local. May-—
June.

10. DENTARIA L.

Plants from deep-seated scaly or toothed rootstocks, bearing about three
3-divided and subverticillate leaves below the floral raceme. Pods linear,
flat, with seeds in one row in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.

1. D. laciniata Muhl. Prrrzr Roor. 1° high: leaflets lanceolate,
the lateral usually two-cleft, and all cut-toothed : flowers white to pink-
ish, 7’ broad.— Rather common in moist woods throughout. April-May.

11. BURSA Weber.

Flowers white. Pods compressed contrary to the partition.

1. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. SHEPHERD’s PURSE. 6/-2° high,
slightly pubescent: root-leaves pinnatifid, the cauline lanceolate, sagit-
tate-clasping and sparingly dentate.—A very common weed. April—
October.

12. CAMELINA Crantz. -FALSE FLAX.

Annuals with yellowish flowers, and pear-shaped pods, pointed by the
persistent style.

Pods 2’’-3” long. 1. C. microcarpa.
Pods 4’ long. 2. C. sativa.

1. C. microcarpa Andrz. 1°-2° high, hirsute below : leaves lanceo-
late, sagittate-clasping, nearly entire: pods 2/-3/” long.—Adventized
along the Santa Fe Railroad east of Sheffield. Common in one locality.
Also near Morris, Kansas. May-June.

2. C. sativa Crantz. Like the last but whole plant glabrate, pods
larger and racemes shorter.—Rarely occurs at Sheffield. June.

13. DRABA L. Watttow Grass.

Stellate-pubescent annuals with entire or toothed leaves and linear to
linear-oblong nerveless pods. Seeds in two rows in each cell.

CRUCIFERAE 101

Pods 3’’-9’ long, many-seeded.
Leaves entire.

Pods smooth. 1. D. Caroliniana.
Pods hispid. ‘ 2. D. micrantha.
Leaves toothed. 3. D. cuneifolia.

Pods 1’’-2” long, few-seeded. 4. D. brachycarpa.

1. D. Caroliniana Walt. 1/-6’ high, much branching and spreading :
leaves oblong-oval, 4’’-10’’ long : pods linear, longer than the pedicels.—
In sandy fields near Independence and Courtney. April-May.

2. D. micrantha Nutt. Resembles the last but is larger throughout,
and the hispid pods are wider.—Common in barrens. April-May.

3. D. cuneifolia Nutt. Resembles No. 1, but leaves are cuneate at
base, and sparingly dentate above : pods minutely hairy.—Common in a
barren east of Dodson. April-May.

4. D. brachycarpa Nutt. 1/-4 high: leaves ovate, entire: pods smooth,
oblong. — Wet, sterile prairies, from Little Blue Tank to Greenwood. Rare
and local. April.

14. SOPHIA Adans. TANSY MusTARD.

Herbs with twice-pinnatifid leaves and forked pubescence. Pods linear,
long-pedicelled, seeds in 1-2 rows in each cell. Cotyledons incumbent.
Pedicels ascending. 1, 8. intermedia.
Pedicels horizontal. 2. 8. myriophylla.

1. S. intermedia Rydb. 10/-24/ high, glabrous or short-glandular-
pubescent : leaves twice pinnate : pods erect, 4’’-7/ long.—Often common
in dry grounds and waste places throughout. April—-July.

2. S. myriophylla (DC.) Rydb. Resembles the last, of which it may
be but a form, but has horizontal pedicels and pods, the latter 5’ or less
long.—Dry grounds west of Lee’s Summit and probably common. April—

July.
15. ARABIS L. Rook Cruss.

Pods linear, the valves 1-nerved. Seeds in one row in each cell in
ours. Cotyledons accumbent.

Leaves pinnatifid. 1. A. Virginica.
Leaves merely dentate.
Stem leaves clasping. 2. A. dentata,
Stem leaves not clasping. 3. A. Canadensis.

1. A. Virginica (L.) Trelease. 6/-14/ high, diffusely spreading : pods
ascending, about 1’ long, on short pedicels.—Very common along the
railroad from Pixley’s Switch to Buckner, and in wet sandy fields near
Grain Valley. Probably native. April-May.

2. A.dentata T.&G. 1°-2° high, ascending: leaves oblong, unequally
toothed : pods spreading, very slender, 10//-15” long.—In wet woods and
on wet rocks throughout, but not common.

-3. A. Canadensis L. 1°-3° high, erect, pubescent below : leaves lan-
ceolate-oblong : pods pendulous, scythe-shaped, 2/-4’ long.—Occasional
in rocky woodlands throughout. May-June.

102 CRASSULACEAE

16. ERYSIMUM L.

Leaves entire to toothed. Pods long-linear, quadrangular, strongly
nerved. Seeds in one row in each cell. Cotyledons incumbent.
Flowers 6/’-12/’ high. 1. E. asperum.
Flowers 2/’-4’” high. 2. E. repandum.

1. BE. asperum DC. WrEsTERN WALL FLowerR. 1°-2° high: leaves
linear-lanceolate, sinuate-dentate : pods 14’-4’ long, stout, on thick ped-
icels.—In waste places at Sheffield and Kansas City. Rare. May-June.

2. HE. repandum L. 1°-2° high: leaves linear, nearly entire: pods
2’-4’ long, slender, widely spreading.—Abundantly adventized near
Atherton ; occasional elsewhere. Also at Argentine, Kansas. May-June.

17. CONRINGIA Link.

Glabrous herbs with elliptic-ovate, entire, clasping leaves and linear,
quadrangular, nerved pods. Seeds in one row in each cell. Cotyledons
incumbent.

1. G. orientalis (L.) Dumort. TREACLE MusTARD. 1°-3° high:
pods 3’-5’ long.—In waste places at Sheffield. Rare. June.

Famity 53. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with compound alternate leaves and racemose, perfect flowers.
Sepals and petals four each. Stamens six or more, not tetradynamous.
Ovary 1-celled, with two parietal placentae.

Stamens six. 1. CLEOME.
Stamens eight or more. 2. POLANISIA.
1. CLEOME L.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate. Petalsclawed. Pod long-stipitate, linear-oblong,
many-seeded.

1. C. serrulata Pursh, Honey PLant. 2°-6° high, glabrous: leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate : flowers showy, pinkish.—Abundant along rail-
roads about one mile south of the Union Depot in Kansas City. July-
September.

2. POLANISIA Raf.

Glandular-pubescent herbs with 3-foliolate leaves. Petals clawed.
Pod nearly sessile, oblong, many-seeded.

1. P. graveolens Raf. CLaMmy Weep. 1°-2° high: leaflets obo-
vate : stamens slightly exceeding petals: petals yellowish-white, 2/’-3/
long.—Frequently adventized along railroads at Sheffield. July—Sep-
tember.

FAmMILy 54. CRASSULACEAE Dc.

Herbs with perfect, regular and symmetrical flowers. Calyx 4-5-cleft
or parted. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5 or twice as many. Carpels 4-5,
1-celled, the numerous seeds arranged in two rows.

Carpels separate. 1. SzpuMm.
Carpels united to the middle. 2. PENTHORUM

PLATANACEAE 103

1. SEDUM L.

Succulent herbs with cymose flowers. Sepalsand petals 4-5. Stamens
8-10.

1. S. pulchellum Michx. Wuipow’s Cross. 2/-12’ high, ascending:
leaves numerous, linear-terete, sessile and clasping: cymes 4-7, forked,
bearing the numerous flowers on the upper side: petals pinkish._—Abun-
dant throughout on limestone rocks. May-June.

2. PENTHORUM L.

Erect herbs with alternate leaves and cymose flowers. Sepals5, Petals
0 or 5. Stamens 10. Pistils 5, united at base, each beaked at the
summit.

1. P. sedoides L. Ditch STONE Crop. 1°-3° high: leaves oblong-
lanceolate, serrate, short-petioled : flowers yellowish-green.—Frequent
throughout along streams and in wet places. July-September.

Famity 55. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort.

Herbs with perfect flowers, 5-lobed or parted calyx, 4-5 petals, usually
4-& or 8-10 stamens, and superior ovary consisting of 1-several carpels,
usually fewer than the sepals. Seeds numerous with copious endosperm.

1. HEUCHERA L.

Herbs with long-petioled orbicular basal leaves and terminal panicles
of small flowers. Calyx bell-shaped. Petals 5. small. Stamens 5.
Ovary 1-celled. Styles two.

1. H. Americana L. Atum Root. 2°-3° high, glandular-hirsute:
leaves cuneate-dentate: calyx 13/’-3’’ long.—One plant in a wood several
miles north of Lake City (B. F. Bush); also at Merriam Park, Kansas
(Rev. Cameron Mann). May-June.

Famity 56. GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort.

Shrubs with alternate leaves and axillary flowers. Flowers perfect.
Calyx adnate to ovary, its limb 4-5-cleft. Petals and stamens each 4-5,
inserted on calyx throat. Ovary 1-celled with two parietal placentae.
Styles two. Fruita berry.

1. RIBES L.

Characters of the family.

1. R. Missouriense Nutt. WILD GoosE-BERRY. Shrub 3°-8° high,
thorny : leaves orbicular, 3-5-lobed, serrate above : peduncles slender,
few-flowered : flowers greenish-white : stamens much exserted.—Abun-
dant in rocky woods throughout. April-May.

Famity 57. PLATANACEAE Lindl.

Large trees with alternate palmately-lobed leaves, sheathing stipules
and monoecious flowers in spherical heads. Calyx of 3-8 small sepals
and corolla of 3-8 similar petals. Stamens 3-8. Ovaries 3-8, 1-celled
and containing 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit hairy at base.

104 : ROSACEAE

1. PLATANUS L.
Characters of the family.
1. P.-occidentalis L. SycAMoRE. Often 130° high: bark exfoli-
ating: leaves 4/-9 wide, truncate at base and lobed above: fruiting
heads long-peduncled.—Common along streams. May.

Famity 58. ROSACEAE B. Juss.

Plants with alternate usually stipulate leaves, and irregular usually
perfect flowers. Calyx usually 5-lobed, and distinct from or adnate to
the ovary. Petals usually five. Stamens numerous. Carpels 1-many,
distinct or united. Fruit usually 1-celled, and ovules 1-several.

Woody plants.

Stems prickly.
Petals pinkish. 9. Rosa.
Petals white. 3. RUBUS.
Stems not prickly.
Flowers in corymbs. 1. OPULASTER.
Flowers in panicles. 2. SPIRAEA.
Herbs.
Ovary superior.
Styles persistent on the fruit. 7. GEUM.
Styles not persistent.
Flowers pure white. 4, FRAGARIA.
Flowers yellowish.
Receptacle enlarged in fruit. 5. DUCHESNEA.
Receptacle not enlarged in fruit. 6. POTENTILLA.
Ovary inferior. 8. AGRIMONIA.

1. OPULASTER Medic.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, white. Stamens 20-40. Follicles 1-5, in-
flated, 2-valved, 2-4-seeded.

1. O. intermedius Rydb. NINE-BARK. 3°-10° high, branching :
leaves orbicular, serrate, 3-lobed above, petioled : ovaries 2-4, finely
pubescent.—Rocky bluffs of the Missouri River from Rock Creek to
Courtney. Frequent. May.

2. SPIRAEA L. .

Like the last but follicles 5-8, 2-many-seeded, not inflated and de-
hiscent by but one suture.

1. S. salicifolia L. MEADOW SWEET. 2°-3° high: leaves petioled,
oblanceolate, serrate: flowers small, white, in dense terminal panicles.—
In low meadows near Lake City fide Rev. Cameron Mann. Very rare.
July-September.

3. RUBUS L.

Shrubs with prickly stems, terminal panicled flowers and alternate com-
pound leaves. Calyx5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels
many, ripening into drupelets imbedded in the succulent receptacle.

Leaflets white beneath. 1. R. occidentalis.
Leaflets not white beneath.

ROSACEAE 105

Plants erect. 2. BR. nigrobaccus.
Plants trailing.
Leaflets not cordate. 3. RB. procumbens.
Leaflets cordate. 4. BR. invisus.

1. R. occidentalis L. WiLp RASPBERRY. 1°-4° high, glaucous,
prickly, especially on the peduncles: leaflets three, very white beneath :
fruit purplish-black.—Common in woods throughout.

2. R. nigrobaccus Bailey. WILD BLACKBERRY. 1°-8° high, prickly,
very pubescent: ‘leaflets 3-5, ovate to oblong-ovate, coarsely serrate:
flower racemes leafy-bracted at base: fruit short-oblong.—Very common
in thickets. The usual form is notstrongly glandular-pubescent, but near
Dodson occurs a noticeably glandular-pubescent form; near Sibley a
glandular-pubescent form with dry oblong fruit 5’/-6” long ; and near
Lee’s Summit a form with very villous sepals.

3. R. procumbens Muhl. DrwserRy. Stems trailing, armed with
scattered prickles: leaflets oblong-ovate, '7//-30’ long, 6’’-20/’ wide,
glabrate or pubescent, narrowed to or rounded at the base: sepals obtuse
to shortly leafy-tipped.—Abundant in dry woods. ‘

4. R. invisus Bailey. Stems trailing, armed with scattered prickles :
leaflets ovate to ovate-orbicular, thickish, 12’’-36” long, 9/’-30’’ wide,
quite pubescent, rounded or usually cordate at base: sepals usually
strongly tipped.— Low prairies, especiaJly along Little Blue River.

4. FRAGARIA L.

Acaulescent herbs with 3-foliolate leaves, and corymbose flowers.
Calyx 5-parted and with 5 bractsinthesinuses. Petals5, white. Achenes
numerous, in fruit scattered over the surface of the pulpy receptacle.

1. F. Virginiana L. WILp STRAWBERRY. Villous with spreading
hairs: leaflets obovate, sharply serrate: fruit ovoid.—Common in dry
soil. April.

5. DUCHESNEA J. E. Smith.

Differs from Fragaria in having leafy stems, yellow flowers and a non-
pulpy fruit.

1. D. Indica (Andr.) Focke. INDIAN STRAWBERRY. Stems trailing,
leafy, silky-pubescent : leaflets obovate, crenate-dentate : flowers small.—
Escaped from cultivation in Independence. May-June.

6. POTENTILLA L. CINQUEFOIL.

Plants with leafy stems and yellowish flowers, resembling Fragaria,
but the receptacle dry and not inflated in fruit.

Leaflets pinnately 3-11-foliolate.
Plants erect. 1. P. arguta.
Plants procumbent. 5. P. paradoza,
Leaflets digitately 3-5-foliolate.
Plants erect.
Lower leaves 3-divided. 2. P. Monspeliensis.
Lower leaves 5-divided. 3. P. pentandra.

106 ROSACEAE

Plants diffusely spreading.

Leaflets three. 4. P. leucocarpa.
Leaflets five. 6. P. Canadensis.

1. P. arguta Pursh. 1°-3° high, glandular-pubescent : Jeaflets 7-11,
ovate, serrate: flowers densely cymose, yellowish-white.—On a rocky
hil] in Kansas City, just north of Roanoke Place. Very local. June-July.

2. P. Monspeliensis L. 1°-2° high, hairy: leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
serrate: flowers yellow, cymose: stamens 15-20.—Common throughout
in moist or dry soil. May-July.

3. P. pentandra Engelm. Like the last: leaflets three, oblong-lance-
olate, the two lower parted nearly to the base: stamens 5-8.—Sandy
bottom along the Missouri River. May-July.

4. P. leucocarpa Rydb. Spreading: leaflets three, oblong, serrate:
flowers loosely cymose, small: stamens about 10.—Sandy shores of the
Missouri River. May-July.

5. P. paradoxa Nutt. Spreading: leaflets 3-11, oblong-lanceolate,
crenate : flowers loosely cymose : stamens about 20.—Common on sandy
shores of the Missouri River. May-October.

6. P. Canadensis L. Five Fincrer. Stems widely spreading by
runners: leaflets oblong-cuneate, serrate above: peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered : stamens about 20.—Rather common in dry soil throughout. May.

7. GHUM L.

Erect herbs with pinnate leaves and cymose flowers. Calyx 5-parted.
Petals 5. Stamens and carpels numerous. Styles long, persistent on
the fruit.

Head of fruit stalked in the calyx. 1. G. vernum.
Head of fruit sessile.
Peduncles appressed-pubescent. 2. G. Canadense.
Peduncles long-hirsute. 3. G. Virginianum.

1. G. vernum (Raf.) T.& G. Sprine AVENS. 1°-2° high, pubes-
cent : root-leaves orbicular, or 3-5-lobed, or pinnate with 3-7 obovate
leaflets : stem leaves pinnate: petals yellow: sepals reflexed : receptacles
smooth.—Locally common in low woods near Sheffield and Lake City.
May-June.

2. G. Canadense Jacq. WHITE AVENS. Resembles the last in foli-
age, softly pubescent: calyx reflexed : petals whitish : styles pubescent
below: receptacle densely hairy.—Common in moist woods. June-August.

3. G. Virginianum L. Rov@H AvENs. Closely resembles No. 2, but
stouter and bristly-pubescent: receptacle nearly smooth.—Rare in low
woods near Lake City. May-July.

8. AGRIMONIA L. Aarimony.

Erect perennials with pinnate leaves, the leaflets serrate and inter-
mixed with smaller leaflets. Flowers yellow, in spike-like racemes.
Calyx-tube obconic and indurated in fruit, bristly above, completeiy
enclosing two achenes. Petals 5. Stamens 5-15.

POMACEAE 107

Stems nearly glabrous. 1. A. striata.
Stems pubescent to hirsute.
Leaflets 5-11. 2. A. mollis.
Leaflets 11-17. 3. A. parviflora.

1. A. striata Michx. 1°-3° high: leaflets 5-7, bearing few scattered
hairs, oblong-obovate, obtuse: flowers rather few.—Dry woods through-
out. Common. July-September.

2. A. mollis (T. & G.) Britton. 2°-6° high, pubescent: leaflets
about 7, pubescent beneath, obovate: flowers numerous.—Common in
woods. July-September.

3. A. parviflora Soland. 2°-6° high, densely hirsute below: leaflets
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, glandular-pubescent : flowers very numer-
ous. Rather common in moist woods and prairies. July-September.

9. ROSA L.

Shrubs with prickly stems and alternate pinnate leaves. Calyx urn-
shaped, contracted at the mouth, becoming fleshy in the fruit, its limb
5-lobed. Petals 5, pinkish. Stamens numerous. Ovaries sessile at the
bottom of the calyx, in fruit enclosed by the fleshy calyx.

Styles cohering' in a column. 1. R. setigera.

Styles distinct.
Leaflets not glandular beneath.

Infrastipular spines absent or small. 2. R. Arkansana.
Infrastipular spines present, conspicuous. 3. RB. humilis.
Leaflets glandular beneath. 4. BR. rubiginosa.

1. R. setigera Michx. Prarriz Rose. Somewhat climbing, 4°-8°
high : stems armed with stout prickles: leaflets about three, sharply ser-
rate: flowers 2/-3’ broad : sepals deciduous.—Common in low grounds
and prairies.. June.

2. R. Arkansana Porter. WILD RosE. 1°-3° high: stems prickly to
nearly smooth : infrastipular spines rarely present : leaflets 5-11, oblong-
elliptical to obovate, cuneate or rounded at base, sharply serrate, glabrous
to strongly pubescent: flowers 2’ broad, one-many : sepals persistent,
spreading or erect in fruit.—Common on prairies and in dry places.
June.

3. R. humilis Marsh. WILD RosE Closely resembles R. Arkansana,
but infrastipular spines present, and conspicuous: sepals deciduous in
fruit.—Rocky barrens, Swope Park to Raytown. June.

4. R. rubiginosa L. SWEETBRIER. 4°-6° high: stems armed with
stout recurved spines: leaflets 5-7, oval, often doubly serrate: flowers
few: sepals deciduous. Sparingly naturalized north of Lee’s Summit
and near Independence. June.

Famity 59. POMACEAE L.

Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves and perfect regular flowers.
Sepals and petals five each. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior, 1-5-
eselled, with 1-2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a fleshy pome.

108 POMACEAE

Flowers pink. 1. MAwus.

Flowers white. .
Flowers appearing before leaves. 2, AMELANCHIER.
Flowers appearing after leaves. 3. CRATAEGUS.

1. MALUS Mill. Witp CRAB APPLE.

Trees with showy cymose flowers. Cells of the ovary each 2-ovuled.
Pome globose, hollowed at the base and apex.

Leaves nearly glabrous beneath. 1. M. coronaria.
Leaves tomentose beneath. 2. M. Ioensis.

1. M. coronaria (L.:) Mill. A small tree with ovate, serrate leaves,
which are rounded at the base: pome about 1’ in diameter.—In woods,
especially in the northern part. Notcommon. April.

2. M. Ioensis (Wood) Britton. Differs from the last in having its
leaves hairy beneath and narrowed at the base, and pubescent calyx and
pedicels.—Often common in woods. April.

2. AMELANCHIER Medic.

Small trees with white racemose flowers. Styles 2-5. Cells of ovary
twice as many as the styles, each 1-seeded. Pome berry-like.

1. A. Canadensis (L.) Medic. SERvicE BERRY. Leaves ovate-ob-
long, acute, cordate at base, sharply serrate, sparingly pubescent below,
2/-4’ long : racemes several-flowered, the bracts silky-pubescent and de-
ciduous : petals linear-spatulate.—Rocky woods chiefly in the northern
part. Notcommon. March-April.

3. CRATAEBGUS L. Rep Haw.

Small trees with terminal corymbose white flowers. Styles 1-5.
Ovary 1~-5-celled, containing as many bony ovules.

Leaves simply serrate. 1. C. Crus-Galli.
Leaves doubly serrate.
Leaves glabrous beneath. 2. C. Mackenzii.
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Petioles 5’’ or less long. 3. C. pertomentosa.
Petioles 5’’ or more long. 4. C. mollis.

1. C. Crus-Galli L.’ 5°-20° high, glabrous throughout : leaves oblong-
spatulate, 12/’-20/ long, obtuse, simply serrate, strongly tapering at base
to petioles 3” or less long: fruit lurid-red, 4/’-5’” wide.—Common in
barrens and occasional in low grounds. A form with villous fruiting
cymes, twigs and petioles and lower leaf surface pubescent, which may be
distinct, occurs near Sni Mill. May.

2. C. Mackenzii Sargent n. sp. 5°-20° high, glabrous throughout :
leaves ovate-orbicular, 1/-2’ long, acute, sharply double-serrate, truncate
or subcordate at base: petioles 5’7-12’ long: fruit lurid-red, 5//-6/
wide.—Barrens throughout but uncommon. May.

3. C. pertomentosa Ashe. 5°-20° high: leaves broadly ovate, 1}/-2}/
long, 9’’-18”’ wide, pubescent beneath, doubly serrate, rounded or taper-

DRUPACEAE 109

ing at base to the soon glabrous petiole, 5/’ or less long : fruit red, 6/’-8”
broad.—Of infrequent occurrence. May.

4. C. mollis (T. & G.) Scheele. 10°-40° high: leaves broadly ovate,
truncate or cordate at base, 14’-53’ long, 1/-5’ wide : petioles persistently
short-tomentose : fruit red, edible, 8’’-10’” broad.—Common in woods.
Probably includes several species. April-May.

Famity 60. DRUPACEAE DC.

Trees or shrubs with alternate petioled leaves and perfect regular
flowers. Sepals and petals 5 each. Stamens numerous. Pistil solitary,
superior, 1-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruita 1-seeded, edible drupe.

Flowers white. I, PRUNUS.

Flowers pink. 2. AMYGDALUS.
1. PRUNUS L.

Stamens 15-20. Drupe glabrous.
Flowers preceding the leaves.

Leaves pubescent beneath. 1. P. lanata.
Leaves smooth beneath.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate. 2. P. hortulana.
Leaves lanceolate. 3. P. angustifolia.
Flowers following the leaves. 4. P. serotina.

1. P. lanata (Sudw.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. WILD PLUM.
10°-20° high : twigs, pedicels and both sides of the calyx-lobes densely
short appressed -pubescent' even in age: leaves ovate, long-acuminate,
sharply serrate, usually strongly pubescent beneath : flowers in umbel-
like clusters: calyx teeth not glandular : drupe 9/’-12’ in diameter.—
Common in dry places. April-May. (P. Americana lanata Sudw. )

2. P. hortulana Bailey. Gooskz PLuM. 15°-30° high : leaves ovate-
lanceolate, long-acuminate, thickish, coarsely serrulate, glabrous : pedi-
cels glabrous: calyx lobes pubescent on both sides, glandular-serrate :
drupe 9/’-12” in diameter.—Frequent in bottom Jands along the Missouri
River. April-May. Our formis var. Mineri Bailey.

3. P. angustifolia Michx. Hog PLtum. 8°-15° high: leaves lance-
olate, acute, serrulate, glabrous: flowers cymose: fruit 6’/-9/” in di-
ameter.—Occasionally adventized along railroads near Leeds, Independ-
ence and Lee’s Summit.

4. P. serotina Ehrh. WiLp CHERRY. 30°-90° high: leaves oval-
lanceolate, acuminate, serrate with appressed teeth: flowers in spread-
ing, glabrous racemes: drupes globose, 4’” broad.—Rather common in
woods throughout. April-May. A form with pubescent racemes occurs.

2. AMYGDALUS L.
Stamens 20-30. Drupe velvety.

_1. A. Persica L. Pracu. 15°-30° high: leaves ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, serrulate, glabrous: flowers large, pink, clustered on

110 CAESALPINACEAE

the nodes: drupes about 13’ in diameter.—Freely escaped, especially
around Kansas City. April-May.

FamiIty 61. MIMOSACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with alternate decompound leaves and small regular flowers in
peduncled heads. Sepals and petals 3-6 each. Stamens few to numer-
ous. Ovary 1-celled, bearing several-many ovules.

Stems smooth. 1. AcUAN.

Stems prickly. 2. MoRONGIA.
1. ACUAN Medic.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct, whitish. Stamens 5, distinct.
Ovary sessile. Ovules many. Pod smooth.

1. A. Illinoensis (Michx.) Kuntze. FALSESENSITIVE PLANT. 2°-5°
high : leaflets very numerous, linear-lanceolate, about 2/” long : pods ob-
long, curved.—Common in dry ground throughout. June-August.

2. MORONGIA Britton.
Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 5, united to the middle, pinkish. Stamens
8-12. Ovary sessile. Ovules many. Pod prickly. Leaves sensitive.
1. M. uncinata ( Willd.) Britton. PrickLy SENSITIVE PLANT.
Decumbent, 1°-4° long: leaflets elliptical, strongly veined, 2’” long.
Locally common in dry woods from Swope Park to Grain Valley and
southward. May-June.

Famity 62. CAESALPINACEAE Kl. & Garcke.

Plants with simple or compound leaves and regular or irregular non-
papilionaceous flowers. Sepals and petals five each. Stamens 10 or
fewer. Ovary 1-celled, 1-many-ovuled. Fruit a legume.

Herbaceous plants. 2. CASSIA.
Trees.
Flowers pink. 1. CERcis.
Flowers greenish-white.
Very thorny. 3. GLEDITSCHIA.
Not thorny. 4, GYMNOCLADUS.
_ 1. CERCIS L.

Leaves simple, cordate, entire. Flowers in axillary fascicles, preceding
the leaves. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla imperfectly papilionaceous, the
standard enclosed by the wings in the bud and the keel longer than the
wings. Stamens 10, distinct. Pods oblong, flat.

1. C. Canadensis L. RED Bup. A small tree. Common in rocky
woods. April~May.

2. CASSIA L.

Herbs with abruptly pinnate leaves aud large yellow flowers. Sepals
nearly distinct. Petals nearly equal, clawed. Stamens 10, unequal.
Ovules many.

Leaflets more than 12/7 long.
Leaflets 4-6. 1. C. Tora.

PAPILIONACEAE 111

Leaflets 8-18.
Leaflets mucronate-pointed. 2. C. Marylandica.
Leaflets acuminate. 3. C. occidentalis.
Leaflets less than 10’ long. 4. C. Chamaecrista.

1. C. Tora L. Low Senna. Annual, 2°-3° high: leaflets obovate,
obtuse : flowers in axillary racemes: pods 6’ long, curved.—Adventized
at Levasy. Rare. July-September.

2. C. Marylandica L. WILD SENNA. Perennial, 2°-6° high : leaflets
6-9 pairs, elliptic-oblong, glabrate: flowers in axillary racemes: pods
2/-4’ long, linear.—Local in rich woods throughout. July-August.

3. C. occidentalis L. CorrEE SenNnA. Annual, 3°-6° high: leaflets
4-6 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, ciliate: flowers in axillary racemes: pods
4/-6’ long, linear.—Adventized at Kansas City north of [Burge Park
and at Sheffield. Rare. June—October.

4. C.Chamaecrista L. PARTRIDGE PEA. Annual, 1°-3° high: leaf-
lets 20-30, linear-oblong: flowers showy, 2-3 together in axillary clusters :
pods oblong-linear.—Very common in dry soil throughout. July—Sep-
tember.

3. GLEDITSCHIA L.

Large thorny trees with once or twice pinnate leaves, and small green-
ish, polygamous flowers in spikes. Sepals and petals 3-5 each. Stamens
6-10. Pods flat, coriaceous.

1. G. triacanthos L. Honry Locust. 30°-100° high: thorns stout,
branching : leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 8’’-15/’ long : pod linear-oblong,
1° or more long.—Abundant along water courses. May.

4. GYMNOCLADUS Lam.

Trees with twice pinnate leaves and whitish polygamous or dioecious
flowers in racemes. Calyx tubular beneath, 5-cleft above. Petals 5, in-
serted on the calyx tube. Stamens 10, short, inserted with the petals.
Pod oblong, fiat.

1. G. dioica (L.) Koch. KEntucKY CoFFEE TREE. 40°-75° high :
leaves 2°-3° long, the ovate leaflets 1’-2’ long: pods 6’-10’ long.—
Rather common in rich woods throughout. May.

FAmity 63. PAPILIONACEAE L.

Plants with alternate, compound, stipulate leaves and perfect flowers.
Calyx 4-5-toothed or cleft. Petals five, irregular, and flowers usually
papilionaceous. Stamens usually ten. Pistil one, superior, one- or two-
celled, or transversely 2-many-celled by cross partitions. Style simple.
Fruit a legume.

Not herbaceous vines.

Leaves 1-foliolate. 2. CROTALARIA.
Leaves 3-5-foliolate:
Stamens 10, distinct. 1. BAPTISIA.

Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous.
Leaflets denticulate.

112 PAPILIONACEAE

Flowers spicate or racemose.

Pods coiled. 3. MEDICAGO.
Pods straight. 4. MELILOTUS.
Flowers capitate. 5. TRIFOLIUM.
Leaflets entire.
Peduncles 1-flowered. 6. Lotus.
Flowers in spikes, racemes or clusters.
Herbage glandular-dotted. 7. PSORALEA.
Herbage not glandular-dotted.
Stipules not adnate to petiole.
Pods of several joints. 14. MEIBOMIA.
Pods one-jointed. 15. LESPEDEZA.
Stipules adnate to petiole. 5. TRIFOLIUM.
Leaves pinnately many-foliolate.
Flowers not papilionaceous.
Corolla of but one petal. 8. AMORPHA.
Corolla of five petals.
Stamens 9 or 10. 9. PAROSELA.
Stamens 5. 10. PETALOSTEMON.
Flowers papilionaceous.
Trees. 11. Ropinra.
Herbs.
Pods not prickly. 12. ASTRAGALUS.
Pods prickly. 13. GLYCYRRHIZA.
Herbaceous vines.
Leaves pinnate.
Tendril-bearing. 16. VIctIA.
Not tendril-bearing. 18. APIOS.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Keel of corolla not incurved. 17. FALCATA.
Keel of corolla incurved. 19. STROPHOSTYLES.

1. BAPTISIA Vent. Witp INDIGO.

Much branching herbs with 3-foliolate leaves and racemose flowers.
Pod stalked in the persistent calyx, inflated.

Plants glabrous.

Flowers blue. 1. B. australis.
Flowers white. 2. B. leucantha.
Plants densely pubescent. 3. B. bracteata.

1. B. australis (L.) R. Br. 2°-3° high : leaflets oblanceolate : racemes
erect, loosely many-flowered: pods oblong.—Sparingly adventized along
the railroad from Sheffield to Courtney. May.

2. B. leucanthaT. &G. 3°-5° high : leaflets obovate : racemes erect,
very long, many-flowered : pods elliptical, on stalks twice the length of
the calyx.—Prairies and glades throughout. Frequent. June—July.

3. B. bracteata Ell. 1°-2° high : leaflets oblanceolate : stipules and
bracts conspicuous: racemes densely flowered, often drooping: flowers
yellow : pods ovoid, pointed.—Common on prairies throughout the south-
western part. April-May.

2. CROTALARIA L.

Anthers of two forms. Pods inflated, many-seeded, the seeds loose and
rattling at maturity.

PAPILIONACEAE 113

1. C. sagittalis L. RatriE Box. 3/-20/ high, erect, villous: leaves
oval-lanceolate : stipules united and decurrent on stem : peduncles bear-
ing 2-4 small, yellow flowers.—Quite common in dry open soil through-
out. June-August.

3. MEDICAGO L.

Stamens diadelphous with anthers all alike. Pods 1-several-seeded,
incurved or coiled.

Flowers purple. 1. M. sativa.
Flowers yellow ; pods reticulated. 2. M. lupulina.
Flowers yellow ; pods spiny. 3. M. denticulata.

1. M. sativa L. ALFALFA. Perennial, 1°-3° high, upright, smooth :
leaflets oblong-obovate : flowers racemose-spicate : pods spirally twisted.—
Commonly adventized along railroads. May—September.

2. M. lupulina L. Hop MeEpic. Annual, hairy, decumbent : leaflets
obovate : flowers spiked : pods 1-seeded, curved.—Locally naturalized
along railroads at Kansas City. May-September.

3. M. denticulata Willd. ToorHzp Mepic. Like the last but
glabrous, and the several-seeded pods prickly.—Collected as a waif at
Courtney. May-—September.

4. MELILOTUS Juss. Sweet CLovER.
Like Medicago but pods ovoid and not curved or coiled, indehiscent.

Flowers white. i 1. M. alba.
Flowers yellow. 2. M. officinalis.

1. M. alba Desv. 3°-8° high: leaflets linear-oblong : flowers small,
numerous, in long racemes: standard longer than the wing.—Abundant
in waste places. May~September.

2. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. Like the last but lower: standard and
wing equal.—Locally common in waste places at Kansas City, Indepen-
dence, Leeds, Sheffield and Lee’s Summit. May-September.

5. TRIFOLIUM L. CLoveER.

Corolla withering-persistent. Stamens diadelphous. Pods small, in-
cluded in the calyx, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, 1-6-ovuled. Stipules
united to the petiole. None of our species are native.

Corolla reddish-purple.

Heads sessile. 1. T. pratense.

Heads stalked. 2. T. medium.
Corolla white or rose-colored.

Plant erect or ascending. 3. T. hybridum.

Plants creeping. 4. T. repens.

1. T. pratense L. Rep CLOVER. 6/-24’ high, ascending, pubescent:
leaflets oval, entire, commonly dark-spotted near the middle: heads glo-
bose, 1’ long, sessile: flowers sessile-—Common in fields and meadows.
May-September.

8

114 PAPILIONACEAE

2. T. medium L. Like the last but leaflets not spotted, and flower
heads peduncled.—Independence and Courtney. Uncommon. May-Sep-
tember.

3. T. hybridum L. ALSIKE CLOVER. 1°-2° high, ascending : leaflets
obovate, serrate : flowers 3/’-4’’ long, peduncled : pedicels 1/’-2’’ long.—
Frequently adventized in waste places. May-September.

4. T. repens L. WHITE CLovER. Widely creeping: leaflets ob-
ovate to obcordate, serrate: flowers as in the last.—Very abundant in
fields, copses, etc. May-September.

6. LOTUS L.

Herbs with reddish-yellow flowers. Pods linear, 1-several-seeded.

1. L. Americanus (Nutt.) Bisch. PRAIRIE TREFOIL. 6/-2° high,
erect, pubescent: leaflets oblong: flowers numerous: peduncles 1-flow-
ered, leafy-bracted: pod 1’ long. Adventized along railroads at Shef-
field: also abundant along roads west of Lee’s Summit. June-August.

7. PSORALEA L.

Leaves 3-5-foliolate. Flowers small, bluish, in racemes. Pods ovoid,
short, indehiscent, 1-seeded.

Leaflets three.
Plants canescent. 1. P. tenuiflora.
Plants densely silvery-pubescent. 2. P. argophylia.
Leaflets five. 3. P. esculenta.

1. P. tenuiflora Pursh. Bushy, 2°-4° high: leaflets oval to oblong :
racemes slender, few-many-flowered: pods ovate to ovoid, abruptly
beaked.—Common in rocky barrens and prairies, especially in the south-
western part. May-July.

2. P. argophylla Pursh. 1°-2° high: leaflets oval-oblong: flowers
4’ long, in interrupted spikes.—Adventized along the railroad three
miles south of Independence. May-July.

3. P. esculenta Pursh. PRAIRIE TURNIP. 12/-18’ high, whitish
villous-pubescent : leaves digitately 5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate : spikes
dense, often 3’ long.—Adventized along railroad east of Sheffield. June.

8. AMORPHA L.

Shrubs with pellucid-dotted pinnate leaves and flowers in close spikes.
Corolla reduced to one petal, the standard, which is wrapped around the
style and stamens. Stamens monadelphous below. Pod short, 1-2-
seeded.

Leaflets 12’7-24’’ long. 1. A. fruticosa.
Leaflets 3’’-7’” long. 2. A. canescens.

1. A. fruticosa L. FaLsE INDIGO. 5°-15° high, pubescent or gla-
brate : leaflets 11-25, oblong-elliptical, short-stalked : spikes 3’-6/ long :
flowers violet-purple.—Frequent along streams throughout. May-June.

PAPILIONACEAE 115

2. A. canescens Pursh. LEAD PLANT. 1°-3° high, white-canes-
cent: leaflets 21-51: spikes numerous, 2/-7 long: flowers blue.—Fre-
quent on prairies and barrens throughout the southern part. June.

9. PAROSELA Cav.

Flowers spicate. Petals all on claws, the standard inserted at the
bottom of the calyx, and the wings and keel adnate to the stamen-tube.
Pods indehiscent and one-seeded.

1. P. Dalea (L.) Britton. Glabrous annual, 1°-2}° high: leaflets
13-31, linear-oblong, 1/’-2/ long: flowers in dense spikes, pinkish-
white : calyx teeth silky pubescent.—Locally abundant in sandy grounds,
especially along the Missouri River. May-September.

10. PETALOSTEMON Michx. PRAIRIE CLOVER.

Punctate herbs with flowers in dense spikes. Petals on long claws, the
heart-shaped standard inserted at the bottom of the calyx, the claws of
the inner petals adnate to the filament tubes, and the five stamens alter-
nating with them. Pods included, 1-2-seeded.

Flowers white ; leaflets oblong. 1. P. candidus.
Flowers white ; leaflets linear. 2. P. multiflorus.
Flowers rose-purple. 3. P. purpureus.

1. P. candidus (Willd.) Michx. 1°-3° high, glabrous: leaflets 5-9,
oblong, 8’/-12’” long: spikes oblong: bracts longer than the calyx.—
Frequent on prairies throughout the southern part. June-July.

2. P. multiflorus Nutt. 1°-2° high, glabrous: leaflets 3-9, linear,
3//-5’’ long : spikes subglobose : bracts shorter than the calyx.—Occasion-
ally adventized along railroads from Kansas City to Sibley. July—Sep-
tember.

3. P. purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. 1°~3° high, nearly glabrous : leaflets
3-5, linear, 3-9’ long: spikes oblong: bracts about the length of the
silky-pubescent calyx.—With No. 1, but more common. June-July.

11. ROBINIA L.

Trees with odd-pinnate leaves and showy racemose flowers. Stamens
diadelphous. Pods linear, flat, several-seeded, 2-valved.

1. R. Pseudacacia L. Buiack Locust. 20°-50° high : leaflets 9-19,
ovate-oblong : flowers white, 6/’-12” long, very fragrant : pods smooth,
2/-4’ long.—Naturalized in many places, and perhaps native south of
Little Blue Tank. May-June.

12. ASTRAGALUS L. MILK VETcH.

Herbs with odd-pinnate leaves and spicate-racemose flowers. Keel
blunt. Stamens diadelphous. Pods very various, either completely or.
incompletely 2-celled.

Flowers greenish-yellow. 1. A. Carolinianus.
Flowers violet- purple.
Pods oblong, globose. 2. A. crassicarpus.

Pods linear-oblong, curved. 3. A. distorius.

116 PAPILIONACEAE

1. A. Carolinianus L. 2°-4° high, erect : leaflets 15-27, oblong : flowers
numerous, in dense spikes : pods sessile, oblong, terete, glabrous, 5/”-8’”
long, 2-celled, dehiscent.—Occasional in open grounds throughout. July-
August.

2. A. crassicarpus Nutt. GROUND PLumM. Stems decumbent, 1°-2°
Iong, appressed-pubescent : leaflets 15-25, narrowly oblong : flowers in
short racemes : pods fleshy, sessile, glabrous, 8’”-12” long, 2-celled, inde-
hiscent.—Frequent in barrens throughout the southern part. April-May.

3. A. distortus T. &G. Stems short, ascending, glabrate: leaflets 11-
25, obovate : flowers in loose spikes : pods sessile, linear-oblong, strongly
curved, glabrous, 6/’-12/ long, 1-celled, grooved beneath.—Frequent
with the last. April-May.

13. GLYCYRRHIZA L.

Herbs with odd pinnate leaves and spicate racemose flowers. Stamens
diadelphous. Alternate anthers smaller. Pods sessile, indehiscent,
prickly.

1. G. lepidota Pursh. WILD Liquorice. 1°-3° high: herbage
dotted : leaflets 11-19, oblong-lanceolate : flowers greenish-white. Occa-
sionally adventized along railroads from Kansas City to Courtney. May-
June.

: 14. MEIBOMIA Heist. Stick TieHrT.

Herbs with stipellate, 3-foliolate leaves and rather smal] flowers in
racemes. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens diadelphous. Loments
sessile or stalked, transversely jointed, the joints indehiscent and rough
pubescent.

Loments borne on stipes about the length of the pedicel.

Panicle arising from the base of the plant. 1. M. nudiflora.

Panicle terminal. 2. M. grandiflora.
Stipes of loments not exceeding calyx.

Bracts large and conspicuous before flowering.

Stipules large and conspicuous.
Leaves not coriaceous and reticulated beneath.

Leaflets obtuse, mucronate. 3. M. canescens,
Leaflets long-acuminate.
Leaflets pubescent. 5. M. longifolia.
Leaflets glabrous. 4. M. bracteosa.
Leaves coriaceous and reticulated beneath. 7 M. Illinoensis.
Stipules small and inconspicuous.
Leaflets oblong- lanceolate. 6. M. Canadensis.
Leaflets linear. 8. MM. sessilifolia.

Bracts small and inconspicuous.
Joints of loment triangular.

Plants glabrous. 9. M. paniculata.

Plants pubescent. 10. M. Dillenii.
Joints of loment oval.

Plants pubescent. 11. M. rigida.

Plants glabrous. 12. M. Marylandica.

1. M. nudiflora (L.) Kuntze. Leaves crowded at summit of sterile
stems: leaflets ovate-orbicular, 1/-3’ long: flowering stem leafiess:

PAPILIONACEAE 117

loments straight on the back, deeply indented below into 2-3 joints.—Dry
woods near Courtney. Local. July-September.

2. M. grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze. Leaves crowded at summit of
stem, from which arises the naked panicle: leaflets round-ovate, 2/-6/
long : loments 1-3-jointed.—Abundant in dry woods throughout. June-
August.

3. M. canescens (L.) Kuntze. 2°-5° high, villous-pubescent : leaf-
lets blunt, whitish-pubescent beneath: loments 4-6-jointed, the joints
unequally rhomboid.—Frequent in dry sandy grounds, especially along
the Missouri River. July-September.

4. M. bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntze. 3°-6° high, very smooth below :
leaflets 2’-6’ long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate: loments 3~7-jointed,
the joints rhomboid-oblong.—Occasional in thickets throughout, but not
common. July-August.

5. M. longifolia (T. & G.) Vail. 2°-5° high, minutely pubescent :
leaflets 2’-4’ long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent: loments 4-6-
jointed, the joints triangular.—Rather common in rocky woods, especially
in the northwestern part. July-September.

6. M. Canadensis (L.) Kuntze. 2°-6° high: leaflets 13/-3’ long,
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, appressed-puhescent beneath: flowers large :
loments 3-5-jointed, the joints obliquely oval.—Occasional in rich woods
and prairies throughout the western part. July-September. “

7, M. Tllinoensis (A. Gray) Kuntze. 3°-5° high, rough-pubescent :
leaflets 13/3’ long, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, scabrous above
and strongly reticulated beneath : loments 6’’-12/ long, 3-6-jointed, the
joints oval.—Frequent in dry barrens and on prairies throughout the
southern part. June-July.

8. M. sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze. 2°-4° high, pubescent: leaves
nearly sessile, the leaflets linear-oblong, obtuse, pubescent and usually
strongly reticulated beneath: loment 1-3-jointed, the joints obliquely
obovate.—Frequent in barrens, especially in the southern part. July-
August.

9. M. paniculata (L.) Kuntze. 2°-4° high, nearly glabrous: leaflets
oblong-lanceolate, smooth, blunt: loment 3-6-jointed, the joints obliquely
triangular.—Abundant, especially in low woods. July-September.

Var. pubens (T. & G.) Vail. Leaflets appressed-pubescent beneath :
loments strongly constricted above and below.—Sandy woods along Blue
near Martin City.

10. M. Dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze. 2°-3° high, pubescent: leaflets
oblong-ovate, 1/-2/ long, pubescent beneath, blunt: loment 2-4-jointed,
the joints triangular.—Common in dry soil. July-September.

11. M. rigida (Ell.) Kuntze. 1°~-3° high, rough-pubescent: leaflets
oblong-ovate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath, blunt, 10’7-20/ long:
loment 1-3-jointed, the joints obliquely oval.—Dry hills along the Little
Blue. Rare. August-September.

118 PAPILIONACEAE

12. M. Marylandica (L.) Kuntze. 1°-3° high, nearly glabrous : leaf-
Jets ovate-orbicular, 3//-12/ long, glabrous: loment 1-3-jointed, the
joints obliquely oval.—Locally common in dry woods south of Grain
Valley and near’ Little Blue Tank and Martin City. August-September.

15. LESPEDEZA Michx. BusH CLOVER.

Herbs with non-stipellate, 3-foliolate leaves, and flowers in panicles,
spikes or clusters. Calyx lobes equal. Stamens diadelphous. Pods
composed of a single one-seeded joint, ovate to orbicular. Some of the
flowers sessile and apetalous in Nos. 1, 2,3 and 4. Probably contains
three distinct genera.

Perennials ; flowers purple.

Flowers long- peduncled.
Leafiets oval- oblong to linear-oblong.

Pods about length of sepals. 1. L. Manniana.
Pods twice the length of sepals. 2. L. acuticarpa.
Leaflets oval or wider. 3. L. violacea.
Flowers nearly sessile. 4. L. Virginica.
Perennials ; flowers yellowish- white. 5. L. capitata.
Annuals. 6. L. striata.

1. L. Manniana Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. Erect-ascending, 1°-2°
high, appressed-pubescent : leaves short-petioled : leaflets oblong-elliptic
to linear-oblong, 4/’-18’ long, 1/’-5’” wide, appressed-pubescent beneath,
mucronate : peduncles numerous, 4-12-flowered : sepals very long, lan-
ceolate-acuminate, 23’’-3/’ long, strongly hairy, often exceeding the
corolla and pod : pod 23/’ long.—In barrens at Swope Park and near Red
Bridge. Local. August-September.

2. L. acuticarpa Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. Resembles No. 1:
peduncles fewer-flowered: sepals subulate, 1}’’ long, appressed-hairy,
half the length of the pods, the latter very acute, 3’” long.—Barrens at
Swope Park and Jones’ Creek.

3. L. violacea (L.) Pers. Bushy-branched, spreading, 6’-20’ high
nearly glabrous: leaflets oval. 4/”-12/’ long, 2//-8’’ wide, subglabrate
below: flower-spikes paniculate: flowers 4/’-5’’ long, on pedicels 2/’
long.—In rocky woods at Swope Park, Westport, etc.

Var. prairea Mackenzie & Bush, n. var. Leaflets 6” or less long:
flower-spikes hardly panioulate: flowers 3’ long, on pedicels 1’” long.—
The common form on dry banks throughout. Possibly a distinct species.

4. L. Virginica (L.) Britton. 1}°-24° high, erect, appressed-pubes-
cent: leaflets oblong-linear, 4’’-12/” long, appressed-pubescent beneath :
flowers crowded in subsessile clusters : pods appressed-pubescent.—Occa-
sional in dry woods, especially in the southern part. August-September.

5. L, capitata Michx. 2°-6° high, pubescent : leaflets oblong, 1’’~3””
long, silvery-pubescent, glabrate above : flowers in dense globose heads :
pods pubescent.—Common in dry ground. July-September.

Var. sericea Hook. & Arn. Leaflets sericeous above.—In similar situ-
ations as the type, and about as common.

PAPILIONACEAE 119

Var. longifolia (DC.) T. & G. Leaflets linear-oblong, 1}/-33/ long.—
Rocky woods near Dodson. Not common.

6. L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A. Diffusely branching, 3/-15’ long,
subpubescent : leaves nearly sessile, the leaflets oblong: stipules large :
flowers 1-3 together, nearly sessile.—Found as a waif near Dodson and
Sheffield. August-October.

16. VICIA L. VeEtcH.

Vines with pinnate tendril-bearing leaves and purplish flowers. Sta-
mens diadelphous. Styles with a tuft of hairs at the summit. Pods flat,
dehiscent, 2-valved, several-seeded.

Flowers in racemes.

Racemes 3-9-flowered. 1. V. Americana.
Racemes 1-2-flowered. 2. V. micrantha.
Flowers nearly sessile. < 3. V. sativa.

1. V. Americana Muhl. WiLp VeTcH. Glabrous perennial, 1°-3°
long : leaflets 10-16, elliptic-ovate : flowers 8/’-9/” long.—Locally abun-
dant on clayey banks near Pixley’s, Adams and Levasy. May-August.

2. V. micrantha Nutt. Glabrous perennial, 1°-2° long: leaflets 4-10,
linear-oblong: flowers 2’’-3’’ long.—Collected asa waif at Courtney. May.

3. V. sativa L. Common VETcH. Annual, 1°-2° high, nearly gla-
brous : leaflets 8-14, obovate to linear-oblong, retuse and mucronate at
apex, 2/’-4’” wide: flowers 6/’-9’’ long.—Locally adventized along rail-
roads at Sheffield. May-July.

17. PALCATA Gmel. Hoa PEANUT.

Vines with 3-foliolate, stipellate leaves and purplish flowers in axillary
racemes and also apetalous flowers from basal branches. Upper pods
linear-oblong, several-seeded. Lower pods obovate, 1-seeded.

Plant glabrate or sparingly pubescent. 1. F. comosa.
Plant villous-pubescent. 2. F. Pitchert.

1. F. comosa (L.) Kuntze. 1°-3° long: leaflets rhombic-ovate, 1/-3’
long, thin: bracts small, nearly glabrous: ovary glabrous with a hairy
margin.—Rather common in dry woods. August-September.

2. F. Pitcheri (T. & G.) Kuntze. 5°-20° long: leaflets as in the last
but thickish : bracts large, pubescent: ovary hairy.—Common in moiss
woods, especially along the Missouri River. August-September.

18. APIOS Moench.

Vines with pinnate, stipellate leaves and chocolate-colored flowers in
dense racemes. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped. Keelincurved. Pods linear,
many-seeded, rarely formed.

1. A. tuberosa Moench. GROUND Nut. 5°-10° long from tubers :
leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate: flowers numerous, 4” long.—In low
grounds througout, but notcommon. July-August.

120 OXALIDACEAE

19. STROPHOSTYLES E]l. Witp BEAN.

Vines with pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate leaves, and capitate flowers
at the end of long peduncles. Pods linear, bearing several oblong trun-
cate seeds.

Leaflets ovate. 1. S. helvola.
Leaflets linear-oblong. 2. S. paucifiora.

1. S. helvola (L.) Britton. Spreading annual, 1°-4° long: leaflets
strongly lobed, 1/-2’ long : pods 2’-3/ long: seeds 3/’ long, pubescent.—
Sandy bottoms, especially along the Missouri River. Notcommon. July-
October.

Var. Missouriensis (S. Wats.) Britton. Climbing, often 10°-25° high:
leaflets usually entire.—Common in sandy woods, especially along the
Missouri River.

2. S. pauciflora (Benth.) S. Wats. Spreading annual, 1°-3° long:
leaflets entire, 9/”-30/ long : pods 1/-2/ long: seeds 13’’ long, glabrous.
—Sandy bottoms near Courtney, along the Little Blue, near Lee’s Sum-
mit and adventized along railroads. Uncommon. July-October.

Famity 64. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hill.

Herbs with palmately lobed stipulate leaves and perfect, regular, 5-
merous flowers. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled.

1. GERANIUM L.

Stamens usually 10. Ovary cells each with two ovules. Fruit long-
beaked.
Flowers 12’’-18” broad. 1. G. maculatum.
Flowers 4//-6’” broad. 2. G. Carolinianum.

1. G. maculatum L. Wi~p GERANIUM. Erect perennial, 1°-2°
high, somewhat pubescent: leaves 3-5-parted, the segments toothed at
the apex and often lobed : petals rose-purple, woolly at base.—Frequent
in woods throughout. April-May.

2. G. Carolinanum L. CRANE’s BILL. Pubescent branching annual,
6’-18’ high : leaves about 5-parted, the segments lobed : petals light pink.
—Common in barren soils. April-June.

Famity 65. OXALIDACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with palmately 3-foliolate, obscurely stipulate leaves and perfect
regular, umbellate or cymose, 5-merous flowers. Ovules 2-many in each
cell. Fruit a loculicidal capsule.

1. OXALIS L. Woop SorrREL. SouR CLOVER.

Stamens ten, monadelphous at base, alternately shorter. Styles five,
separate. Leaflets usually obcordate.

Flowers violet. 1. O. violacea.
Flowers yellow.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 121

Pedicels deflexed or reflexed in fruit.

Stipules conspicuous. 2. O. corniculata.
Stipules inconspicuous. 3. O. stricta.
Pedicels spreading in fruit. 4. O. cymosa.

1. O. violacea L. A glabrous acaulescent perennial from a scaly
bulb : flowers few, umbellate.—Often common on sunny slopes. April-—
May.

2. O. corniculata L. Procumbent, appressed-pubescent, 1/-12’ long:
umbels bearing 1~3 flowers, 2’’-6’’ long: pedicels strigillose, reflexed :
capsule 5’’-9’’ long.—Frequent in greenhouses. January—-December.

3. O. stricta L. 3/’-7’ high, strigose, branching and spreading from
near the base : umbels few-flowered : capsules 8’-15’” long.—Abundant
in waste places. April—September.

4. O. cymosa Small. 10/-24’ high, villous, usually erect: flowers in
many-flowered dichotomous cymes: capsules 3//~-7’” long.—Common in
waste grounds. May-—September.

Famizy 66. LINACEAE Dumort.

Herbs with non-stipulate leaves and perfect flowers. Sepals, petals and
stamens five each. Stamens monadelphous at base. Styles 2-5. Ovary
2-5- or 4-10-celled. Fruita capsule.

1. LINUM L. Fuax.

Flowers paniculately racemose. Ovary 4-5-celled, or falsely 8-10-
celled, 8~10-seeded.

Flowers blue. 1. L. usitatissimum.
Flowers yellow.

1°-2° high ; branching above. 2. LD. suleatum.

1° or less high ; branching throughout. 3. L. rigidum.

1. L. usitatissimum L. Annual, 1°-2° high : leaves linear-lanceolate :
flowers 6/’-8/’ broad: capsule 3/’-4’ long.—Abundantly adventized
along roadsides and railways. May—September.

2. L. sulcatum Riddell. Annual: leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper
glandular-ciliate: flowers 6’ broad: capsules 1/’-13/” long.—In dry
woods and prairies, Dodson to Lee’s Summitand southward. Rather rare.
June-August.

3. L. rigidum Pursh. Annual, with rigid branches: leaves linear-
lanceolate : flowers 9//-15’ broad : capsules 2//-23’’ long.— Well estab-
lished locally along railroads north of Sheffield. May.

Famity 67. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl.
Herbs with opposite pinnate leaves and perfect axillary flowers. Petals
and sepals five each. Stamens 5-15. Pistils 4-12. Fruit dry.
1. KALLSTROEMIA Scop.

Fruit not prickly, its 10-12 segments each 1-seeded. Flowers yellow.
1. K. maxima (L.) T. &G. Ca.urrop. Pubescent annual, spread-

122 EUPHORBIACEAE

ing, 6/-24’ long: leaflets about eight, oblong-elliptical : fruit strongly
beaked.—Sparingly adventized along railroad at Courtney; also in
Kansas City, Kansas.
Famity 68. RUTACEAE Juss.
Shrubs with compound punctate-dotted leaves, and polygamo-dioecious
regular flowers. Sepals 4-5 or none. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5. Pistils
2-5, inserted on an elongated receptacle. Fruit a capsule.

1. XANTHOXYLUM L.

Prickly shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves. Flowers small, greenish.
Pods fleshy, 1-2-seeded.

1. X. Americanum Mill. PrRickLy AsH. 5°-15° high: leaflets 5-
11, obscurely crenate, ovate: flowers in axillary cymes: calyx absent:
fruit black.—Common in woods. April-May.

Famity 69. SIMARUBACEAE DC.
Like the last family but leaves not punctate.

1. AILANTHUS Desf.

Trees with odd pinnate leaves and polygamous greenish flowers in
compound panicles. Stamens 8-10, in staminate flowers. Pistillate
flowers with a 2-5-cleft ovary and a few stamens. Fruit a 1-seeded
samara.

1. A. glandulosus Desf. TREE OF HEAVEN. Leaflets many, ovate-
lanceolate, oblique at base : samaras 2’ long.—Beginning to escape near
Independence. May-June.

Famity 70. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with perfect irregular flowers. Sepals five, the two lateral large,
the other three small. Petals three, united into a tube. Stamens about
eight, monadelphous or diadelphous. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Seeds
caruncled.

1. POLYGALA L. MILKWwortT.

Stamens and petals more or less cohering.
Leaves verticillate. 1. P. verticillata.
Leaves alternate. 2. P. incarnata,

1. P. verticillata L. Glabrous, branching annual, 4’-10’ high : leaves.
linear, verticillate in fours and fives: flowers greenish-white.—Rocky
woods throughout, but not common. June-July.

2. P. incarnata L. Glabrous, slender annual, 1°-2° high: leaves.
small, linear-subulate : flowers pinkish : corolla tube very slender.—Dry
prairies between Lee’s Summit and Greenwood. Very rare. June.

FaMILy 71. EUPHORBIACEAE J. St. Hill.

Herbs with monoecious or dioecious flowers. Sepals and petals present:
or wanting and flowers sometimes enclosed in a calyx-like involucre.

EUPHORBIACEAE 123

Stamens few-many. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 or 2 pendulous ovules in
each cell. Styles three. Fruit separating into three, 2-valved carpels.
Juice usually milky.

Staminate and pistillate flowers separate.

Stellate-pubescent herbs. 1. CRoTON.
Stinging pubescent herbs. 3. TRAGIA.
Pubescence neither stellate nor stinging.
Flowers in terminal panicles. 4. RIcINUS.
Flowers in axils of leafy bracts. 2. ACALYPHA.
Both kinds of flowers together in a cup-shaped involucre,
the whole resembling a single flower. 5. EUPHORBIA.

1. CROTON L. SILVERY SPURGE.

Herbs with dioecious or monoecious flowers. Calyx in staminate
flowers usually 5-parted with rudimentary petals and five or more
stamens. Pistillate calyx 5-10-parted, petals usually wanting, and ovary
usually 3-celled and 3-seeded. Staminate flowers in spikes, the fertile
flowers below.
Flower monoecious.

Leaves toothed. 1

Leaves entire.

Flowers woolly -pubescent. 2. C. capitatus.
Flowers appressed-pubescent. 3. C. monanthogynus.
Flowers dioecious. 4. C. Texensis.

. C. glandulosus.

1. C. glandulosus L. Glandular hairy annual, 8’-2° high : leaves
oblong-ovate, bearing two glands at base: staminate flowers with four
sepals, four petals, a four-rayed disk and eight stamens: fertile flowers
with five sepals, and rudimentary petals.—Adventized at Sheffield and
Courtney. Native in sandy soil near Argentine, Kansas. July—October.

2. C. capitatus Michx. Densely stellate-pubescent annual, 1°-3°
high : leaves lanceolate-oblong, cordate at base: sterile flowers with five
sepals, five petals and 10-14 stamens: fertile flowers with 6-8 sepals and
no petals : capsules erect.—Often abundant on dry prairies, especially in
the southern part. July—October.

3. C. monanthogynus Michx. Silvery pubescent annual, 6/-2°
high : leaves ovate-oblong : sterile flowers with 3-5 sepals, petals and
scale-like glands, and 3-8 stamens: fertile flowers with five sepals, no
petals, and five glands: capsules on recurved peduncles.—Common in
dry grounds throughout. July—October.

4. C. Texensis (Klotzsch.) Muell. Arg. Stellate-pubescent annual,
1°-2° high: leaves linear-oblong : both sterile and pistillate flowers with
five sepals, no petals and 5 small glands: stamens ten. Found occasion-
ally as a waif near Sheffield, Courtney and Independence. July—October.

2. ACALYPHA L. THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.

Herbs with monoecious flowers, the sterile in spikes, the fertile at their
base, surrounded by a leafy bract. Sterile flowers composed of a 4-parted

124 EUPHORBIACEAE

calyx and 8-16 stamens. Fertile flowers of a 3-5-parted calyx and a
3-celled, 3-ovuled capsule.
Sterile spike shorter than fruiting bract. 1. A. Virginica.
Sterile spike surpassing fruiting bract. 2. A. gracilens.
1. A. Virginica L. 1°-2° high, not glandular: leaves ovate-oblong,
long-petioled, serrate.——Common in rich woods throughout. August-
October.
2. A.gracilens A.Gray. Rather smaller, often-very glandular: leaves
lanceolate to linear-oblong, short-petioled, sparingly toothed.—Common
in dry ground. August—October.

3. TRAGIA L.

Herbs with monoecious spicate-racemose flowers. Staminate flowers
with a 3-5-parted calyx and 2-5 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a usu-
ally 5-parted calyx. Capsule 3-seeded.

1. T.ramosa Torr. STINGING SPURGE. Erect spreading, 1° high
leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, cordate at base: calyx of stami-
nate flowers 4-5-parted and stamens 4-5. Locally abundant in a barren
east of Martin City. June-September.

4. RICINUS L.

Glabrous annuals with peltate, palmately many-cleft leaves and mon-
oecious flowers in terminal clusters. Staminate flowers with a 3-5-parted
calyx and many branching stamens. Pistillate calyx 3-5-parted, the
ovary 3-celled and 3-ovuled.

1. R. communis L. CAstoR BEAN. 6/-15° high: leaves 3/-2°
broad.—Rarely escaped along railroads at Kansas City and occasionally
found around old houses near Independence in a depauperate form.
July—October.

5. HUPHORBIA L. SpurRGE.

Flowers borne in a cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed involucre with glands in the
sinuses. Sterile flowers numerous, lining the inside of the involucre and
composed of one stamen with a small bract at base. Fertile flower soli-
tary, consisting of a three-lobed, at length long-stalked 3-ovuled ovary.
Styles three, 2-cleft.

Glands of involucre with petal-like appendages.
Leaves opposite and entire.

Leaves linear. 1. E. Nuitallii.
Leaves orbicular-ovate. 2. E. serpens.
Leaves opposite and serrulate.
Plants densely hairy. 3. E. maculata.
Plants glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves 1-nerved. 4, FE. glyptosperma.
Leaves strongly 3-nerved. 5. E. nutans.
Lower leaves alternate ; upper verticillate.
Bracts green. . 6. E. corollata.

Bracts white, large. 7. E. marginata.

EUPHORBIACEAE 125

Glands of involucre without petal-like appendages.

Stem-leaves opposite. ; 8. E. dentata.
Stem-leaves alternate, not entire.
Capsules smooth, 9. E. heterophylla.
Capsules warty. 10. E. Arkansana.
Stem-leaves alternate, entire. 11. E. Cyparissias.

1. E. Nuttallii (Engelm.) Small. Erect, 67-20’ high, glabrous:
leaves often involute and somewhat curved, truncate and mucronate at
apex : involucral glands bearing large white appendages : seeds 4-angled.
—Frequent in rocky barrens from Westport to Little Blue Tank and
southwestward. July-September.

2. H. serpens H.B.K. Widely prostrate-spreading, glabrous: involu-
cral glands bearing small white crenulate appendages : seeds 4-angled.—
Common in rich soil. July—October.

3. E. glyptosperma Engelm. Ascending or prostrate, glabrous : leaves
linear- oblong, falcate, finely serrulate : glands of the involucre with small
white crenulate appendages : seeds 4-angled, sharply transversely wrin-
kled.—Often common on sand-bars along the Missouri River.

4. E. maculata L. Procumbent, puberulent or hairy: leaves ovate-
oblong to linear-oblong, often blotched with red : glands of the involucre
with small whitish appendages: seeds 4-angled, usually strongly trans-
versely wrinkled.—Abundant in waste places. May-October. All speci-
mens examined have the involucre more or lessgleft on one side.

5. BE. nutans Lag. Erect, 1°-2° high, smooth: leaves ovate-oblong,
somewhat falcate, serrate : involucres in dense clusters: glands of the in-
volucre bearing orbicular entire appendages: seeds black, four-angled and
ridged.— Abundant in waste places. June—October.

6. E. corollata L. 1°-3° high, erect, smooth : leaves oblong, often
emarginate at apex, nearly sessile: glands of the involucre bearing 5 con-
spicuous white petal-like appendages: seeds sparingly pitted.—Common
in barrens and prairies throughout the southern part. June—September.

7. H. marginata Pursh. 1°-4° high, erect, hairy : leaves oval, sessile,
mucronate: glands of involucre white-appendaged : seeds reticulated and
tuberculate.—Occasionally adventized in waste places, especially at Dod-
son and Independence. July-September.

8. E. dentata Michx. 6/-2° high, erect, somewhat hairy : leaves
gvate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, petioled : involucral glands not ap-
pendaged : seeds tuberculate.—Common in open grounds. June—October.
A form commonly adventized at Sheffield has the upper leaves linear-
lanceolate and entire.

9. EB. heterophylla L. 6/-2° high, erect, nearly glabrous: leaves
linear to oblong-orbicular, sinuate-toothed, serrate or entire, often red-
blotched, the upper often fiddle-shaped : involucral glands not append-
aged : seeds tubercled.—Common in rocky soil throughout, especially in
the southern part.

126 ANACARDIACEAE

10. &. Arkansana Engelm. 127 or less high, erect, glabrous: leaves
oblong-spatulate, sessile, those of the inflorescence opposite and ovate :
involucral glands not appendaged: seeds faintly reticulated.—Barrens
near Lee’s Summit and Dodson. Local. May-June.

11. EH. Cyparissias L. Glabrous perennial, 67-12’ high: leaves linear:
bracts heart-shaped: involucral glands crescent-shaped, not appendaged:
seeds smooth.—Persistent after cultivation near Wayne City. May-
June.

Famity 72. CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl.

Small herbs with opposite leaves and monoecious or perfect axillary
flowers with two bracts or bractless. Sepals and petals absent. Stamen
one. Ovary 4-celled. Styles 2. Fruit compressed, containing four pendu-
lous seeds. :

1. CALLITRICHE L. WatTER STARWORT.

With the characters of the family.

Terrestrial. 1. C. Austini.
Aquatic. 2. C. heterophylla.

1. C. Austini Engelm. Tufted, 6/7-30/’ long: leaves spatulate, 3-
nerved: bracts absent : fruit 4/” long, deeply notched at both ends.—
In moist upland woods, Little Blue Tank, Lee’s Summit, Grain Valley.
Locally common. June.

2. C. heterophylla Pursh. 2/-10/ long: leaves obovate and 3-nerved
or linear: bracts present # fruit less than 3/” long, and as broad, obovate,
rounded on the face, shorter than the styles.—In ponds along the Little
Blue from Little Blue Tank to Atherton. Local. May-July.

FamIty 73. ANACARDIACEAE Lindl.
Shrubs or vines with milky juice, alternate leaves and polygamo-dioe-
cious or perfect regular flowers. Sepals, petals and stamens 3-7 each.
Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles three.

1. RHUS L.

Flowers polygamous in panicles. Sepals, petals and stamens five each.
Styles terminal. Fruit symmetrical.

Leaves pinnately many-foliolate.

Leaf rachis wing-margined. 1. RB. copallina.
Leaf rachis not wing. margined. 2. R. glabra.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Fruit gray, glabrous. 3. R. radicans.
Fruit reddish, hairy.
Leaflets pubescent. 4. BR. aromatica.
Leaflets glabrous. 5. BR. trilobata.

1. R. copallina L. Biack Sumac. 5°-30° high: leaflets 9-21,
ovate-lanceolate, entire, downy: flowers greenish in dense terminal
panicles : fruit.reddish, hairy.—Common in dry soil throughout. June-
July.

STAPHYLEACEAE 127

2. R. glabra L. SmootH Sumac. 5°-30° high : leaflets 11-31, ovate-
lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, whitish beneath: flowers and fruit as in
No. 1.—Abundant in dry soil throughout. June-July.

3. R. radicans L. Poison Ivy. A climbing vine: leaflets 3,
rhombic-ovate, from entire to strongly serrate, pubescent: flowers in
axillary panicles.—Very abundant throughout. A vile nuisance. May-
June.

4. R. aromatica Marsh. FRAGRANT SuMAc. 3°-10° high : leaflets
three, ovate, rhomboid, pubescent, unequally crenate or crenate-dentate,
1/-2’ long : flowers in spikes developing before the leaves.—Common in
rocky woods throughout. April-May.

5. R. trilobata Nutt. SkuNK BusH. Resembles the last but the
smaller (1/ or less long) glabrous leaflets crenately few-lobed or toothed.
Adventized at Sheffield ; and one clump native in a barren five miles
southeast of Grain Valley. April-May.

Famity 74. CELASTRACEAE Lindl.

Shrubs or vines with simple leaves and regular perfect flowers. Sepals,
petals and stamens 4-5, the stamens alternate with the petals and inserted
on the conspicuous disk. Ovary 2-5-celled, with two ovules in each
cell. Fruita fleshy pod.

Leaves opposite ; shrub. 1. Evonymus.
Leaves alternate ; a vine. 2. CELASTRUS.

1. BEUONYMUS L.
Flowers in axillary cymes. Capsules 3-5-lobed, the seeds enclosed in a
red aril.
1. B. atropurpureus Jacq. BuRNING BusH. 6°-20° high: leaves
ovate, acuminate, petioled, serrate: petals four, purplish.—In woods
throughout, but not common. May-June.

2. CHLASTRUS L.

Flowers greenish, in terminal racemes. Pods 3-celled, globose, orange-
colored, the seeds enclosed in a red aril.

1. C. scandens L. BITTERSWEET. A twining vine with alternate,
ovate, petioled, crenulate leaves : petals five, whitish.—Not uncommon
in woods throughout, especially in the northern part. June.

Famity 75. STAPHYLEACEAE Dc.

Shrubs with opposite 3-foliolate, stipulate leaves, and perfect, regular
flowers. Sepals, petals and stamens five each, the latter inserted on a
fleshly disk. Ovary 3-lobed, with I1-many ovules in each cell.

1. STAPHYLEA L.

Flowers white, in drooping racemes on jointed pedicels. Fruit a large
inflated, bladdery capsule.

128 HIPPOCASTANACEAE

1. S. trifolia L. BLADDERNUT. 4°-12° high: leaflets ovate, acumi-
nate, pointed, finely serrate.—Common along moist rocky bluffs, espe-
cially in the northern part. May.

Famity 76. ACERACEAE St. Hil.

Trees with opposite leaves and regular polygamous or dioecious flowers.
Sepals five. Petals five (or absent), inserted on the margin of the disk.
Stamens 3-12. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Fruit of two, winged,
1-seeded samaras.

1. ACER L.

With characters of the family.

Leaves simple.

Leaves silvery white beneath. 1. A. saccharinum.
Leaves not silvery white beneath.
Leaves smooth beneath. 2. A. Saccharum.
Leaves minutely downy beneath. 3. A. nigrum.
Leaves 3-7-foliolate. 4. A. Negundo.

1. A. saccharinum L. WHITE MAPLE. 50°-125° high: flowers ap-
pearing before the leaves, in sessile lateral clusters: petals none: ovary
tomentose: leaves deeply 5-lobed, the lobes irregularly dentate.—Com-
mon along streams. March-April.

2. A. Saccharum Marsh. SUGAR MAPLE. 30°-100° high: flowers
appearing with the leaves, drooping on long capillary hairy pedicels:
petals none: leaves 3-5-lobed, the sinuses rounded and the lobes irregu-
larly sinuate.—Bluffs from Courtney to Levasy, but uncommon. April-
May. Our form is var. barbatum (Michx.) Trelease.

3. A. nigrum Michx. Buack Su@AR Mapue. Differs from the last
in the leaf-lobes being broader and more entire, and in the leaves being
downy beneath.—Abundant in the northeastern part. April-May.

4. A. Negundo L. Box Exper. 30°-60° high: flowers dioecious,
appearing before the leaves, the fertile racemose: leaves 3~7-foliolate,
the ovate leaflets irregularly dentate.—Common throughout, especially
along bluffs. April-May.

FamMiLy 77. HIPPOCASTANACEAE T. &G.

Woody plants with opposite palmately several-foliolate leaves, and
polygamous flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 4-5,
unequal, clawed. Stamens about 7. Ovary 3-celled, 8-ovuled. Capsule
hard and leathery.

1. AESCULUS L.

Characters of the family.

‘1. A. glabra arguta (Buckley) Robinson. BucKEYE. Horse CHEST-
NUT. 3°-30° high : leaflets 5-9, ovate-lanceolate, serrate, pubescent or
becoming glabrate : flowers yellow : stamens exserted : fruit at maturity
nearly smooth.—Abundant along streams, April-May.

RHAMNACEAE 129

FAMILY 78. BALSAMINACEAE Lindi.

Herbs with alternate, petioled leaves, no stipules and irregular axillary
flowers. Sepals three, the two lateral much smaller than the third which
is long-spurred and petaloid. Petals three, two of them 2-lobed.
Stamens five. Ovary 5-celled, many-ovuled. Fruit a capsule bursting
elastically by the five spirally coiled valves.

1. IMPATIENS L. Tovucn-ME-Nnor.

Characters of the family.

Flowers orange-yellow, mottled. 1. I. biflora.
Flowers light yellow. 2. I. aurea.

1. I. biflora Walt. 2°-6° high, glabrous: leaves ovate-elliptic,
coarsely toothed : spur of sac strongly incurved, half as long as sac.—
Abundant in moist woods. May-—September.

2. I. aurea Muhl. Differs from the last in having pale yellow, spar-
ingly mottled flowers, the sac contracted into an abruptly bent but
scarcely incurved spur, one-third the length of the sac.—Abundant with
the last. May-September.

Famity 79. RHAMNACEAE Dumort.

Woody plants with simple alternate leaves and small regular flowers.
Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals.
Ovary 2-5-celled, bearing one ovule in each cell. Stamens and petals
inserted on the edge of a fleshy disk.

Flowers greenish, axillary. 1. RHAMNUS.
Flowers white, in terminal corymbs. 2, CEANOTHUS.

1. RHAMNUS L.

Shrubs with axillary cymose flowers. Petals 4-5, short-clawed,
wrapped around the stamens. Ovary free. Drupe berry-like.

1. R. lanceolata Pursh. BUCKTHORN. 4°-12° high: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, serrulate, glabrous: flowers subdioecious: fruit 2-seeded.—
Common in barrens, especially in the southern part. April-May.

2. CEHANOTHUS L. NEw JERSEY TEA.

Small shrubs. Petals clawed, hooded. Lower part of calyx and disk
cohering with the ovary. Fruit dry, 3-lobed, 3-seeded.

Flowers April-May. 1. C. ovatus pubescens.
Flowers June-July. 2. C. Americanus.

1. C. ovatus pubescens T. &G. 1°-5° high: whole plant densely
pubescent : leaves oval-lanceolate, glandular-serrate : flowering peduncles
short.—Frequent in barrens, especially in the southern part.

2. C. Americanus L. Resembles the last but leaves ovate or ovate-
oblong and flowering peduncles long.—Prairies and barrens throughout,
but less frequent than the last.

9

130 VITACEAE

Famity 80. VITACEAE Lindl.

Vines with alternate and small regular greenish panicled flowers.
Calyx minutely 4-5-toothed or entire. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, oppo-
site the petals. Ovary 1, 2-6-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each cavity.
Fruit generally a 2-celled, 4-seeded berry.

Leaves simple.

Petals united into a cap. 1. Vitis.
Petals separate, spreading. 2. AMPELOPSIS.
Leaves compound. 3. PARTHENOCISSUS.
1. VITIS L.

Tendril-hearing vines with polygamo-dioecious flowers and dentate
leaves. Petals falling off without separating. Hypogynous disk present.
Berries edible.

Leaves with a bluish tinge beneath. 1. V. aestivalis.
Leaves white woolly beneath. 2. V. cinerea.
Leaves green on both sides.
Leaves strongly lobed. 3. V. vulpina.
Leaves rarely lobed. 4. V. cordifolia.

1. V. aestivalis Michx. SUMMER GRAPE. Branches terete, glabrous :
leaves crenately toothed and more or less lobed, rusty-pubescent beneath :
berries 6” wide with a bloom.—Thickets near Independence, Courtney
and Lake City. May-June.

2. V. cinerea Engelm. Downy GRAPE. Branches angled, floccose-
pubescent: leaves more or less angled, crenately toothed: berries 4/’
wide, without bloom.—Common in thickets. June.

3. V. vulpina L. June Grape. Branches terete, glabrous: leaves
sharply serrate, nearly glabrous: berries 4’’ wide, in dense clusters, with
a bloom. Common in thickets. May-June.

4. V. cordifolia Michx. Frost GRAPE. Branches terete, rather
pubescent: leaves crenate-serrate, glabrous or pubescent beneath : berries
3’’ wide, in long clusters. Not uncommon in woods. June.

2. AMPELOPSIS Michx.
Differs from Vitis chiefly in having spreading separate petals and ined-
ible berries.
1. A. cordata Michx. Fartse GRAPE. Leaves heart-shaped, coarsely
serrate, sometimes slightly lobed, nearly glabrous: flowers in small pan-
icles: berries green and blue mottled.—Abundant in low woods. June.

3. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch.
Vines with disk-bearing tendrils and digitately compound leaves.
Petals spreading. Hypogynous disk wanting. Berries inedible.
1. P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. VIRGINIA CREEPER. Leaflets oval
to oblong-lanceolate, toothed, sessile or stalked, glabrous to downy : pan-
icle large: berries blue.—Common in woods throughout. July.

MALVACEAE 131

Famity 81. TILIACEAE Juss.

Trees with alternate leaves and perfect flowers. Sepals and petals five
each, the latter imbricated in the bud. Stamens numerous. Ovary 1,
2-10-celled. Fruit 1-10-celled.

1. TILIA L.

Flowers yellowish, in axillary cymes, the base of the peduncle united
to a membranous bract. Petals bearing small scales at the base. Sta-
mens 5-delphous. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded.

1. T. Americana L. Basswoop. 50°-125° high: leaves obliquely
ovate, cordate at base, sharply serrate : flowers very fragrant.—Common
throughout along streams. June-July.

Famity 82. MALVACEAE Neck.

Herbs or: shrubs with alternate leaves and usually perfect flowers.
Sepals and petals five each, the latter convolute in the bud. Stamens
numerous, monadelphous, forming a column around the pistil and united
with the claws of the petals. Ovary several-celled, with 1-several ovules
in each cell.

Seeds solitary in each cell.
Flowers pinkish.

Carpels beakless. 1. MALVA.
Carpels beaked. 2. CALLIRRHOE.
Flowers yellow.
Involucral bractlets present. 3. MALVASTRUM.
Involucral bracts none. 4, SIDA.
Seeds many in each cell.
Involucels none. 5. ABUTILON.
Involucels present. 6. HIBiscus.

1. MALVA L.

Involucel bracts three. Column of stamens anther-bearing at the sum-
mit. Styles stigmatic on the inner side.

Stems tall, erect.

Leaf margins not wrinkled or crisped 1. M. sylvestris.
Leaf margins crisped and wrinkled. 2. M. verticillata crispa.
Stems procumbent. — 3. UW. rotundifolia.

1. M. sylvestris L. High Mantow. 2°-4° high: leaves cordate,
orbicular, sharply lobed and serrate: flowers axillary, 12/’-15/ broad,
pinkish.—Rarely escaped in waste places. Independence, Sibley. July—
September.

2. M. verticillata crispa L. CrIsPED MALLOW. Like the last but
leaves crisped and flowers but 4’’-7/’ broad.— Waste ‘places. Indepen-
‘dence. Rare. July-September.

3. M. rotundifolia L. CHrEsES. Leaves orbicular-cordate, crenate,
often lobed, long-petioled : petals pinkish-white : flowers 4-7” broad.
—In waste places throughout but not common. May-—October.

132 MALVACEAE

2. CALLIRRHOE Nutt. Poppy MALLow.
Involucel bracts three or none. Styles and stigmas as in Maiva.

Involucel bracts none. 1. C. alceoides.
Involucel bracts three. 2. C. involucrata.

1. C. alceoides (Michx.) Gray. 1° high, erect: leaves triangular-
heart-shaped, 5-7-lobed, the divisions linear to ovate, toothed : flowers
light pink, 1’ broad.—Occurs rarely as a waif at Sheffield. May-June.

2. C. involucrata (T. & G.) Gray. 1°-3° long, spreading: leaves or-
picular, palmately lobed, the lobes cleft and toothed: flowers reddish,
purple, 1’-2’ broad.—Rarely occurs as a waif near Sheffield and Green-
wood. June-August.

3. MALVASTRUM A. Gray.

Stamen column anther-bearing at summit. Stigmas capitate. Seeds
ascending.

1. M. angustum A. Gray. YELLOW MALLow. Annual, 67-20’ high,
appressed-pubescent : leaves oblong-lanceolate, dentate : flowers axillary :
bractlets setaceous: petals small: sepals enlarging in fruit.—Often com-
mon in barrens, especially in the southern part. June-September.

4. SIDA L.

Differs from Malvastrum chiefly in having pendulous seeds.

1. S. spinosa L. PRICKLY MALLOwW. Annual, 1°-2° high: leaves
ovate-lanceolate, serrate, bearing 2 or 3 small tubercles at the base of the
slender petiole: flowers axillary, 2’’-4’’ broad.—Abundant in open
grounds. July—October.

5. ABUTILON L.

Involucels none. Stamen column anther-bearing at apex. Stigmas
capitate.

1. A. Avicennae Gaertn. VELVET LEAF. Annual, 2°-6° high, vel-
vety-pubescent: leaves cordate, acuminate, long-petioled, crenulate :
flowers yellow, axillary, 6” broad.—A common weed in waste places.
June-October.

6. HIBISCUS L.

Involucel bractlets numerous. Stamen column anther-bearing for much
of its length. Stigmas capitate. Ovary 5-celled.

Glabrous perennial. 1. H. militaris.
Hairy annual. 2. H. Trionum.

1. H. militaris Cav. Rosz MaLLow. Bushy, 3°-8° high : leaves tri-
angular in outline, strongly 3-parted, toothed: flowers pinkish, 3/-5/
broad.—Locally common in swamps near Sibley, Atherton and Leeds.
June—September.

2. H. Trionum L. FLoweER-or-an-Hour. 1°-2° high : leaves 3-7-
lobed, the lobes toothed and cleft: flowers yellow with a black center:

ELATINACEAE 133

fruiting calyx inflated. —Adventized in fields andalong roads throughout.
Rather common. June-September.

Famity 83. HYPERICACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with opposite, entire, punctate or black-dotted leaves, and
cymose-paniculate regular and perfect flowers. Sepals and petals 5 each.
Stamens few-many, often in sets. Ovary 1-celled with 3-5 parietal
placentae or 3-5-celled. Ovules numerous. Leaves usually sessile.

1. HYPERICUM L. St. Jonn’s Wort.
Characters of the family as given above.

Flowers 1’-2’ broad. 1. H. Ascyron.
Flowers 3’7-12/ broad.
Stems 4-angled. 2. H. sphaerocarpum.
Stems terete.
Leaves clasping at base. 3. H. maculatum.
Leaves tapering to base. 4. H. corymbosum.
Flowers 1//-2’” broad. 5. H. mutilum.

1. H. Ascyron L. 3°-6° high : leaves ovate-oblong : pods 5-celled :
styles 5 : stamens numerous, 5-adelphous.—In woods near Independence,
Courtney and Atherton. Verylocal. July-August.

2. H. sphaerocarpum Michx. 1°-23° high: leaves oblong-linear :
pods 1-celled : styles three : stamens numerous, not in groups.—On rocky
banks and in low grounds throughout. Ratbercommon. July-August.

3. H. maculatum Walt. 1°-2° high: leaves oblong-elliptic, strongly
black-dotted, as are the petals and sepals: pods 3-celled : styles 3: sta-
mens numerous. 3- or 5-adelphous.—Not uncommon on low prairies in
the southern part. July-September.

4. H. corymbosum Muhl. Like the last but leaves strongly tapering
at base and less black-dotted : sepals hardly dotted.—Frequent in woods,
especially in the northern part. July-September.

5. H. mutilum L. 67-24 high: leaves ovate-oblong : pods 1-celled :
styles 3: stamens 5-12. Locally common in low grounds. Adams,
Courtney, Buckner. July-September.

Famity 84. ELATINACEAE Lindl.
Herbs with opposite stipulate leaves and axillary regular and perfect
flowers. Sepals, petals and stamens 2-5 each. Ovary 2-5-celled and
styles 2-5. Ovules numerous. Seeds striate.

Parts of the flowers in twos and fours. 1. ELATINE.
Parts of the flower in fives. 2. BERGIA.

1. ELATINE L.

Small glabrous marsh herbs.
1. E. Americana (Pursh) Arn, WATERWORT. 6/’/-18” long: leaves
obovate, entire, 1//-3’ long: parts of the flowers in twos: seeds more

134 VIOLACEAE

than 20-striate.—In a ditch near the railroad depot at Atherton. June-

July.
2. BERGIA L.
Erect pubescent herbs.

1. B. Texana (Hook.) Seub. 4/-12/ high : leaves 6/’-8’” long, spatu-
late, serrate : petals white, scarious, persistent.—Twice collected on sand-
bars along the Missouri River near Courtney. July—October.

Faminy 85. CISTACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with opposite or alternate leaves and regular flowers. Sepals
and petals 3 or 5 each. Stamens few-many. Ovary solitary, 1-several-
celled. Ovules stalked. Two outer sepals smaller than the three inner
or wanting.

Petals five, fugacious. 1, HELIANTHEMUM.
Petals three, persistent. 2. LECHEA.

1. HELIANTHEMUM Pers.

Early flowers petaliferous, the later apetalous. Stamens 3-10. Cap-
sule 1-celled, few-seeded.

1. H. majus (L.) B.S.P. FRostwrep. 1°-2° high, hoary-canes-
cent: leaves oblong-lanceolate: petaliferous flowers 5~12, their capsules
2/’ in diameter: apetalous flowers numerous, their capsules 1/” in di-
ameter.—Very local in dry soil near Dodson, Raytown, Greenwood and
Grain Valley. May-June.

2. LECHEA L. PINWEED.
Petals small and inconspicuous. Stamens 3-12. Stigmas prominent,

three. Pods partly 3-celled, 6-seeded. Sterile leafy basal shoots are de-
veloped late in the season.

Leaves oval-oblong. 1. L. villosa.
Leaves linear. 2. L. tenuifolia.

1. L. villosa Ell. Tufted, erect, 10’/-18’ high, villous: leaves ovate
to oblong-oval.—Three miles south of Sni Mills in sandy woods. Rare.
June-October.

2. L. tenuifolia Michx. Tufted and spreading, 4’-8’ high, appressed-
pubescent: leaves all linear : sepals 1-nerved.—Locally frequent in sandy
soil four miles southeast of Grain Valley, and three miles south of Sni
Mills. June-October.

Famity 86. VIOLACEAE DC. ;
Herbs with stipulate, usually alternate or basal, leaves, and perfect more
or less irregular flowers. Sepals, petals and stamens five each. Ovary
1-celled with three parietal placentae.

Sepals auricled at base. 1, Vrona.
Sepals not auricled at base, 2. CUBELIUM.

VIOLACEAE 185

1. VIOLA L.

Early flowers petaliferous and showy, the lower petal spurred at base.
Two lowerstamens spurred. Later flowers cleistogamous and very fertile.

Plants caulescent.
Flowers yellow.
Flowers bluish.
Plants acaulescent ; flowers purple.
Leaves lobed or parted.
Petioles glabrate. 3.
Petioles strongly pubescent. 4
Leaves merely crenate or dentate.
Stem and leaves strongly pubescent. 5 V. sororia.
6.
7

V. scabriuscula.
V. Rafinesquit.

LS

. V. pedatifida.
. V. Bernardi.

Stems and leaves sparingly pubescent. . V. cuspidata.
Stem and leaves glabrate. :
Leaves triangular-ovate.
Leaves reniform-cordate.

1. V. scabriuscula (T. & G.) Schwein. YELLOW VIOLET. Stems
3/-12’ high, clustered, erect or ascending, glabrate to pubescent: leaves
orbicular-ovate, acute, crenate-dentate, the basal present at flowering
time: stipules ovate-lanceolate : capsules glabrous.—Common in woods
throughout. April-May.

2. V. Rafinesquii Greene. WILD Pansy. Annuals, 2/-10’ high,
glabrous: leaves lanceolate to cordate, crenate-dentate: stipules foli-
aceous, lyrate-pinnatifid.—Along roads and in dry woods throughout.
Not uncommon. April-May.

3. V. pedatifida Don. PRAIRIE VIOLET. 2/-10’ high, glabrous:
leaves palmately parted into 5-7 linear segments, the segments obtuse
and more or less lobed. Often common in dry oak woods and on prairies
throughout the southern part. April-May.

4. V. Bernardi Greene. BERNARD’S VIOLET. 2/-10’ high, pubes-
cent: leaves palmately incised or cleft into 5-9 oblong or ovate-oblong
segments, the segments usually somewhat serrate and lobed, pubescent
beneath and ciliate.—Rather common on prairies and in dry oak woods
throughout the southern part. April-May.

5. V. sororia Willd. Harry Viouet. 37-10’ high, villous: leaves
orbicular to reniform, acute or obtuse: cleistogamous flowers on short
spreading peduncles.—Not uncommon in dry grounds. April-May.

6. V. cuspidata Greene. Woop VIOLET. 2/-6’ high at flowering
time: leaves and petioles more or less pubescent, but not glabrous:
leaves cordate-reniform : sepals ciliate : petals usually dark blue: cleis-
togamous flowers on spreading peduncles.—Our most common species, in
woods. April-May.

7. V. Missouriensis Greene. MissouRI VIOLET. 27-5’ high at
flowering time, perfectly smooth: leaves twice as long as wide, triangu-
lar-ovate : sepals little if at all ciliate: petals usually bluish-white :
peduncles of cleistogamous flowers spreading to erect, 4’ or less long.—
Sandy soil along streams. Frequent. April—May.

V. Missouriensis.
V. pratincola.

@>

136 LYTHRACEAE

8. V. pratincola Swamp VIOLET. Often 8/-10’ high at flowering
time, glabrous: leaves as wide as long: sepals glabrous : petals bright
blue: peduncles of cleistogamous flowers spreading.—Wet prairies
throughout especially in the southern part. Locally common. April-
May.

2. CUBELIUM Raf.

Caulescent leafy herbs with axillary greenish flowers borne on short
recurved pedicels. Lower petal slightly spurred at base. Stamens syn-
genesious.

1. C. concolor (Forst.) Raf. GREEN VIOLET. 1°-2° high, pubes-
cent: leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, petioled, nearly
entire.—Occasionally in rich woods throughout. April-May.

Famity 87. LOASACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with alternate, non-stipulate leaves and cymose regular and per-
fect flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 4—-5-lobed. Petals
4-5, inserted with the numerous stamens on the calyx throat. Ovary
1-celled, with 2-3 parietal placentae.

1. MENTZELIA L.

Characters of the family.

1. M. oligosperma Nutt. Strick Lear. 1°-3° high: leaves ovate to
oblong, short-petioled, coarsely dentate, very sticky, rough-pubescent :
flowers yellow, 10’ broad, diurnal : stamens 20-30.—On limestone banks.
Dodson, Adams, Tarsney, Lee’s Summit. Local. June-August.

FamiLy 88. CACTACEAE Lindl.

Plants with very much thickened and spiny stems. Leaves absent or
small and inconspicuous. Flowers sessile, solitary, large and showy.
Sepals, petals and stamens numerous. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with
numerous ovules. Fruit a berry.

1. OPUNTIA Mill.

Stems branching, jointed. Leaves awl-shaped, deciduous, bearing
bristles and spines in their axils. Flowers yellow, opening in sunshine.

1. O. humifusa Raf. Prickty PEAR. Prostrate spreading: joints
obovate, 3/-5’ long, 2’-3’ wide: spines white, 6/’-18’” long, 1-4 to-
gether: bristles reddish-brown: fruit not spiny.—Rather common in
rocky places and barrens throughout the southern part. June.

Famity 89. LYTHRACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with opposite (except in Lythrum) non-stipulate leaves and
axillary flowers. Calyx gamosepalous, often bearing accessory teeth.
Petals and stamens inserted on the calyx. Ovary superior, 1—4-celled,
many-ovuled. Style one. Stigmas capitate or 2-lobed.

LYTHRACEAE 137

Flowers regular.

Stamens four.

Petals none.
Petals present.
Leaves auriculate or clasping. . AMMANNIA.

1. DIpDIPLis.
2.
Leaves tapering at base. 3. RoTALA.
4
5

Stamens six to twelve. . LYTHRUM.

Flowers irregular. . PARSONSIA.
1. DIDIPLIS Raf.

Aquatics with linear leaves. Calyx hemispheric, 4-lobed, not appen-
daged. Capsule globose, indehiscent, 2-celled.

1. D. diandra (Nutt.) Wood. Water PURSLANE. 2/-10’ long:
flowers small.—In ponds at Lake City and Sibley. Common at times.
July—October.

2. AMMANNIA L.

Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx globular, 4-angled, 4-toothed,
often with accessory teeth. Capsule globular, 2-4-celled, irregularly
dehiscent.

Cymes sessile. 1. A. coccinea.
Cymes plainly peduncled. 2. A. auriculata.

1. A. coccinea Rottb. 4/-20’ high: leaves linear-oblong: flowers
1-5 together: calyx with four accessory teeth: petals purplish : styles
elongated, slender : pods oblong-orbicular, usually shorter than the calyx,
23//-3/’ high.—_ Common on muddy banks throughout.

2. A. auriculata Willd. Resembles the last but usually more slender
and branching : calyx usually without accessory teeth : capsules nearly
orbicular, exceeding the calyx, 2’” high.—In similar situations as the last,
and about as common.

3. ROTALA L.

Differs from Ammannia in having a septicidal capsule, the valves mi-
nutely densely striate.

1. R. ramosior (L.) Koehne. Ascending, 1/-15’ high : leaves spatu-
late or linear-oblong : flowers bi-bracteolate, usually solitary in the axils.
—On muddy banks throughout. Not uncommon. June-September.

4. LYTHRUM L.

Calyx tube cylindric, 8-12-striate, with 4—7 teeth and as many appen-
dages. Petals 4-7, obovate. Capsules 2-celled.

1. L. alatum Pursh. LoosEsTRirE. Perennial, 1°-3° high, glabrous :
leaves ovate-lanceolate with a rounded base, acute, alternate or opposite :
flowers pinkish-purple, conspicuous.—Common in low grounds. June-—

September.
5. PARSONSIA P. Br.

Calyx 12-ribbed, gibbous at the base, oblique at the mouth, 12-toothed.
Petals 6, unequal. Stamens 11 or 12, unequal. Capsule 1-celled, few-
seeded, dehiscent.

138 ONAGRACEAE

1. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby. Tar WEED. A viscid-pubescent annual,
6/-18’ high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioled, entire: petals purple.—
Often very abundant on dry hills. July-September.

Famity 90. ONAGRACEAE Dumort.

Herbs with regular perfect flowers, the parts in twos, fours or more.
Calyx tube adnate to and sometimes prolonged beyond the ovary. Sta-
mens and petals (when present) inserted on the summit of the calyx
tube. Ovary 1-4-celled. Stigma capitate or four-lobed. Ovules
numerous.

Parts of the flowers in fours or more.
Seeds not long silky-tufted.
Calyx tube divided to summit of ovary.
Stamens 4. 1. LUDWIGIA.
Stamens 8-12. 2. JUSSIAEA.
Calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary.
Flowers yellow.
Stigmas 4-lobed.
Stigma discoid.
Flowers reddish to white.
Ovary 4-celled. . HARTMANNIA.

4. OENOTHERA.
6
5
Ovary 1-celled. 7. GAURA.
3
8.

. MERIOLIX.

Seeds long silky-tufted. . EPILOBIUM.
Parts of the flower in twos. . CIRCAEA.

1. LUDWIGIA L.

Herbs with axillary flowers and entire leaves (in ours). Parts of the
flowers in fours.

Leaves opposite. 1. L. palustris.
Leaves alternate.
Petals none or minute. 2. L. polycarpa.
Petals large and conspicuous. 3. L. alternifolia.

1. L. palustris (L.) Ell. Marsa PursLANg. Creeping or floating :
leaves ovate, petioled: petals minute or none: flowers nearly sessile :
capsule 4-sided.—Ponds and low grounds in the vicinity of Lake City.
Infrequent. July-September.

2. L. polycarpa Short & Peter. 1°-23° high : leaves linear-lanceolate,
those of the runners spatulate : flowers sessile : capsule top-shaped, bracted
at base.—Low grounds near Lake City and Sibley. Local. July—Sep-
tember.

3. L. alternifolia L. 1°-3° high: leaves lanceolate: flowers short-
peduncled : capsules cubical, wing-angled.—Frequent in moist places
throughout. June-September.

2. JUSSIAEA L.
Calyx tube elongated. Capsule long-linear.
1. J. diffusa Forskl. Creeping: leaves oval-oblong, entire, petioled -
petals yellow, five : sepals five : capsules long-peduncled, linear, terete.-

ONAGRACEAE 139

On mud flats along the Missouri River, especially near Courtney. August—
October.

3. EPILOBIUM L. Wittow HEgs.
Calyx tube somewhat prolonged beyond theovary. Parts of the flowers
in fours. Capsules linear. Flowers in upper axils.

Leaves linear. 1. E, lineare.
Leaves lanceolate. 2. E. coloratum.

1. B. lineare Muhl. 1°-2° high, canescent : leaves entire, short-peti-
oled.—In a bog two miles west of Sibley. Uncommon. July—October.

2. H. coloratum Muhl. 1°-3° high, hoary-pubescent : leaves sharply
serrulate, short-petioled: seeds beakless, the coma with a slight reddish
tinge.—In low grounds near Leeds, Grain Valley, Courtney and Sibley.
Locally common. August-October. *

4. OENOTHERA L. YELLOW EVENING PRIMROSE.
Flowers nocturnal. Flower parts in fours. Stamens equal in length.
Capsules elongated-cylindric. Seeds horizontal or ascending. Flowers
spicate, or axillary in No. 1.

Stems decumbent and spreading. 1. O. laciniata.
Stems tall and erect.
Petals acute-pointed. 2. O. rhombipetala,
Petals emarginate.
Capsules little pubescent. 3. O. biennis.
Capsule strongly pubescent. 4. O. strigosa.

1. O. laciniata Hill. 1° or less high, appressed-pubescent: leaves
sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid: flowers 3/’-12’’ broad: capsules linear,
hairy.—Rather common in sandy soil in the Missouri River bottoms.
May-July.

Var. grandis Britton. Flowers 24/’-30/’ broad.—Occasionally adven-
tized near Sheffield and Leeds. May-July.

2. O. rhombipetala Nutt. 2°-4° high, appressed-pubescent: leaves
linear-lanceolate, somewhat denticulate : flowers 13’ broad, in long leafy
spikes.—Sandy bottoms from Sheffield to Courtney. Infrequent. June-
September.

3. O. biennis L. 2°-5° high, pubescent : leaves lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, repand-denticulate: flowers 13’ broad : capsules 11’ or less
long, appressed-pubescent.—Common in dry soil throughout. Very vari-
ables. July-September.

4. O. strigosa (Rydb.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Strongly resem-
bles the last, but stem strigose and capsules copiously pubescent.—Not
uncommon throughout, especially in the southern part. (0. biennis
strigosa Rydb. )

5. HARTMANNIA Spach.

Flowers diurnal. Partsin fours. Stamens unequal. Stigma 4-cleft.
Capsules club-shaped, 4-ribhed and 4-winged.

140 HALORAGIDACEAE

1. H. speciosa (Nutt.) Small. WHITE EVENING PRIMROSE. 6/-24/
high, puberulent: leaves lanceolate, sinuate-denticulate: flowers 1’-3/
broad, rose-colored to white, showy.—Abundant in barrens throughout
the southern part. May-June.

6. MERIOLIX Raf.
Flowers axillary, the parts in fours. Stamens equal. Calyx tubes
short. Capsules linear-cylindric.
1. M. serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. YELLow EVENING PRIMROSE. 8/—
15’ high, canescent : leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate : flowers 6’”—
18’ broad.—Rarely adventized near Sheffield. May-June.

. 7. GAURA L.

Flowers spicate-racemose. Parts of the flower in fours. Petals clawed.
Filaments 8, each with a scale at base. Fruit indehiscent, ribbed,
1-celled, 1—4-seeded.

Plants 3°-5° high.

Stems long-hirsute. 1. G. parvifiora.
Stems appressed-pubescent. 2. G. biennis.
Plants 1°-2° high. 3. G. coccinea.

1. G. parviflora Dougl. Stems 3°-5° high, long-pubescent : leaves
ovate-lanceolate, repand-denticulate : flowers 2/’ broad: fruit 4-angled,
glabrous.—Rather common in dry soil, especially around Kansas City.
May-—August.

2. G. biennis L. 3°-5° high, appressed-pubescent: leaves oblong-
lanceolate, denticulate : flowers 4/’-5’’ broad, light pink : fruit 4-ribbed,
pubescent.—Not uncommon in dry soil throughout. July-September.

3. G. coccinea Pursh. 1°-2° high, canescent: leaves lanceolate-ob-
long, repand-denticulate: flowers 4/’-5’’ broad, reddish-pink: fruit
4-sided above, canescent.—Rarely adventized near Sheffield and Ather-
ton. May-July. ,

8. CIRCAEBA L.

Perennial with racemose whitish flowers, and opposite long-petioled
leaves. Fruit 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded, densely bristly with hooked hairs.

1. C. Lutetiana L. ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE. 1°-2° high : leaves
ovate, toothed : flowers 13’’ broad. Abundant in rich woods throughout.
June-August.

FAMILY 91. HALORAGIDACEAE KI. & Garcke.

Aquatic herbs with small sessile axillary flowers. Calyx tube coherent
with the ovary. Petals 0-4. Stamens 1-8. Ovary 1-4-celled, each cell
containing a single ovule.

1. MYRIOPHYLLUM L.

Flowers monoecious or polygamous, the parts in fours. Leaves whorled,
the submersed pinnately divided, the emersed variously cut. —

UMBE LLIFERAE

1. M. pinnatum (Walt.) B.S.P. WatTER MILFOIL.

141

Emersed leaves

linear, serrate: fruit 2-ridged and scabrous.—Ponds at Lake City and

near Sibley. Common at times.

June-September.

Famity 92. ARALIACEAE Vent.

Plants with usually polygamous flowers.
Stamens five, alternate with the petals.
as many styles, and one ovule in each cell.

1. PANAZX L.

Calyx lobes and petals five.
Ovary inferior, 1-several-celled,

Herbs from aromatic roots. Leaves verticillate, digitately compound.

Flowers in a terminal umbel. Fruit a reddish berry.
1° high: leaflets five, obovate,

1. P. quinquefolium L. GINSENG.

stalked, acuminate, serrate: fruit usually two-seeded.—Rocky woods

along the Missouri bluffs from Kansas City to Atherton.

common. June-July.

' FAMILY 93.

teeth five or obsolete.

Local and un-

UMBELLIFERAE B. Juss.
Herbs with usually compound leaves and umbellate flowers.

Calyx

Petals and stamens five each, inserted on the disk

crowning the summit of the inferior 2-celled, 2-ovuled ovary. Styles

two.

Fruit consisting of two carpels, each marked with five main and

often with four additional ribs, often with oi] tubes between the ribs, or

the ribs winged.

Leaves linear, spiny.
Leaves digitately 3-7-foliolate ; fruit bristly.
Leaves 3-foliolate ; fruit smooth.
Leaves pinnately compound or decompound.
Flowers yellow.
Plants acaulescent.
Plants caulescent ; leaflets capillary.

6.
7.
16.

ERYNGIUM.
SANICULA.
DERINGA.

4, LOMATIUM.

8.

FoENICULUM.

Plants caulescent ; leaflets ovate, not toothed. 9. TAENIDIA.

Plants caulescent ; leaflets not capillary, toothed.

Fruit strongly flattened.
Fruit with filiform ribs.

Lateral ribs of fruit corky-thickened.

Fruit not strongly flattened.
All the fruits pedicelled.

Central fruit of each umbellet sessile.

Flowers white.
Leaf divisions capillary.
Fruit tuberculate.
Fruit not tuberculate.
Leaf divisions not capillary.
Fruit covered with barbed prickles.

Fruit not covered with barbed prickles.

Fruit linear to linear-oblong.
Fruit glabrous.
Fruit appressed-bristly.
Fruit ovoid, oval or oblong.
Stem-leaves simply pinnate.
Stem-leaves decompound.

2:
. POLYTAENIA.

PASTINACA,

. THASPIUM.
. ZIZIA.

. APIASTRUM.

. PTILIMNIUM.

. Daucus.

. CHAEROPHYLLUM.
. WASHINGTONIA.

. SIUM.
. CICUTA.

142 UMBELLIFERAE

1. DAUCUS L. z
Involucre and involucels present. Umbels concave in fruit. Fruit
slightly flattened dorsally.
1. D. Carota L. Witp Carrot. Bristly biennial, 1°-3}° high:.
leaves decompound, the ultimate divisions cleft and sharp-pointed.—
Waste places, Kansas City, Independence and Dodson. Not common.

June-August.
2. PASTINACA L.

Involucre and involucels absent. Fruit oval, flattened dorsally, the
lateral ribs winged.

1. P. sativa L. Wi~p Parsnip. 2°-5° high: leaf segments ses-
sile, ovate, the ultimate divisions cut-serrate.—Abundant throughout in
waste places. June-September. ,

3. POLYTAENIA DC.

Involucre none. Involucels small. Fruit oval, much flattened dor-
sally, the lateral ribs strongly corky-winged.

1. P. Nuttallii DC. Prarrig PaRsLEy. 1°-4° high: leaf segments
sessile, ovate, pinnatifid or parted, the divisions serrate or entire: fruit
3’’ long.—Frequent in barrens throughout the southwestern part. May-
June.

4. LOMATIUM Raf.

Perennial. Involucrenone. Involucelspresent. Fruit oval or oblong,
much flattened dorsally, the later ribs winged.

1. L. daucifolium (Nutt.) C. & R. FENNEL-LEAVED PARSLEY. 1°
or less high, more or less tomentose: leaf divisions capillary : involucels
gamophyllous: fruit glabrous.—Common in barrens from Westport to
Adams, Grain Valley and southward. April-May.

5. THASPIUM Nuit.

Perennial herbs. Involucre none. Involucels small. Fruit oblong,
barely flattened, the ribs strongly winged.

Glabrous throughout. . 1. T. aureum.
‘Strongly puberulent at the joints. 2. T. barbinode.

1. T. aureum Nutt. GoLDEN ALEXANDERS. 1°-2}° high: stem
leaves ternate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrate.—Prairies north of
Lee’s Summit. Very local. May-July.

2. T. barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. MmraDow Parsnip. 1}°-34° high:
leaves bipinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, incised-serrate to cleft:
flowers light yellow.—Locally common in rocky woods along the Blue at
Martin City. May-July.

6. ERYNGIUM L.

Flowers in dense bracted heads. Calyx teeth sharp-tipped. Fruit
ovoid to obovoid, flattened laterally, but not ribbed, tuberculate-scaly.
This genus probably represents a distinct family.

UMBELLIFERAE 143

1. BE. aquaticum L. Button SNAKEROOT. Glabrous perennial, 1°-6°
high : leaves long-linear, parallel-veined, bristly margined: flowers
white : heads 6’’-9” broad, the bracts pungently pointed.—Not uncom-
mon throughout on prairies. July-September.

7. SANICULA L. Sanicle.
Involucres foliaceous. Capitate umbellets subtended by small invo-
lucels. Fruit subglobose, somewhat flattened laterally and covered
with long hooked bristles.

Styles longer than the bristles. 1. S. gregaria.
Styles shorter than the bristles. 2. S. Canadensis.

1. S. gregaria Bicknell. Perennial, 8’-2° high: stems weak: some
staminate flowers in separate headg: flowers yellow: leaflets obovate-
cuneate, incised-serrate.—Not uncommon throughout in rich moist
woods. May-July.

2. S. Canadensis L. Biennial, 6’-2° high : staminate flowers never
in separate heads : flowers whitish-yellow : leaflets 3-5, resembling those
of the last.—Abundant throughout in woods. May-July.

8. FOENICULUM Adans.
Involucre and involucels none. Fruit nearly terete, linear-oblong,
prominently ribbed, but not winged.
1. F. vulgare Gaertn. FENNEL. Glabrous perennial, 2/-3° high:
leaves decompound.—Rarely escaped from gardens in Kansas City and
Independence. May-July.

9. TAENIDIA Drude.
Involucre and involucels none. Fruit oval, glabrous, laterally com-
pressed, strongly 5-ribbed.
1. T. integerrima (L.) Drude. YELLOW PIMPERNEL. 1°-3° high,
glabrous. Abundant throughout on rocky hillsides. May-June.

10. APIASTRUM Nutt.
Involucre none. Involucels small or none. Fruit ovate, tuberculate,
laterally flattened, not ribbed. ’
1. A. patens (Nutt.) C. & R. 3/-18’ high, much-branched, slender
and glabrous: leaves much dissected.—In sandy soil and in barrens
throughout. Oftencommon. May-June.

11. CHAEBROPHYLLUM L.. Cunvan.
Involucre none. Involucels present. Fruit linear-oblong, 5-angled,
flattened dorsally. Umbels 2-6-rayed.

Prostrate spreading. 1. l
Strictly erect. 2. C. Texensis.

144 UMBELLIFERAE

1. C. procumbens (L.) Crantze. 1°-2° long, somewhat hairy : ulti-
mate leaf segments obtuse : rays 2-5-flowered : fruit somewhat beaked.—
Low woods throughout, but not common. April-May.

2. C. Texensis C. & R. 1°-2° high: ultimate leaf segments acutish :
rays 10-15-flowered: fruit not beaked.—Barrens north and west of
Lee’s Summit. Very abundant locally. May-June. This identification
is corroborated by Professor Rose.

12. WASHINGTONIA Raf. Sweet CICELY.

Involucre and involucels of a few bracts or wanting. Fruit linear,
bristly along the ribs, attenuate at the base. Primary and secondary
rays of umbel few.

Villous-pubescent. 1. W. Claytoni.
Slightly pubescent or glabrate. ' 2. W. longistylis.

1. W. Claytoni (Michx.) Britton. 1°-3° high: leaves ternately de-
compound: involucre and involucels present: style less than 3’’ long.
—lIn rich woods, Kansas City to Sibley, Lake City and Dodson. Un-
common. May-June.

2. W. longistylis (Torr.) Britton. Like the last but more glabrate
and style 1/” long.—In rich woods in the northeastern part, but un-

common. May-June.
13. SIUM L.

Umbels many-rayed. Fruit ovate, glabrous, strongly ribbed. Invo-
lucre and involucels prominent.

1. S.cicutaefolium Gmel. WatER HEmLock. 3°-6° high, glabrous :
leaves pinnate, the leaflets 3-17, linear-lanceolate, serrate.—Common in
swamps near Lake City and Sibley. July-September.

14. ZIZIA Koch. MEADOW PARSLEY.
Involucre none. Involucelssmall. Umbels many-rayed. Fruit ovoid,
glabrous, somewhat compressed, not winged.

Basal leaves ternately compound. 1. Z. aurea.
Basal leaves cordate, not divided. 2. Z. cordata.

1. Z. aurea (L.) Koch. 1°-3° high: leaves ternately divided, the seg-
ments ovate-lanceolate, serrate.—Common throughout in woods and
meadows. May-June.

2. Z. cordata (Walt.) DC. Resembles the last, but basal leaves ovate,
deeply cordate, crenate: stem leaves ternate or quinate.—Frequent in
sandy soil near Grain Valley. May-June.

15. CICUTA L.

Involucres usually none. Involucels of numerous bracts. Umbels
many-rayed. Fruit ovate to oblong, corky ribbed, glabrous.

1. C. maculata L. Water HeEmMLock. 2°-6° high: leaves decom-
pound, the leaflets lanceolate and serrate.—Abundant in wet places.
June-October.

MONOTROPACEAE 145

16. DERINGA Adans.

Involucre none. Involucels usually present. Fruit oblong, glabrous,
laterally compressed. Umbels irregularly few-rayed.

1. D. Canadensis (L.) Kuntze. HoNnEwort. 1°-3° high: leaves
3-foliolate: leaflets ovate, sharply serrate, the lateral usually 2-parted
and the terminal 3-parted.—Common in woods. May-July.

17. PTILIMNIUM Raf.

Involucre and involucels prominent. Fruit ovate, glabrous, strongly
corky-winged. Umbels many-rayed. ;

1. P. Nuttallii (DC.) Britton. Mock BisHop WEED. 1°-3° high,
slender: involucral bracts entire, or sparingly pinnatifid: fruit 1’/’-2/ long.
—Rare and local in wet, sandy soil near Dodson, at the mouth of Sugar
Creek, near Courtney and near Sheffield. June-August.

FAMILY 94. CORNACEAB Link.

Shrubs or trees with flowers in heads or cymes. Calyx lobes and petals
4-5 each, the latter inserted with the stamens at the base of an epigynous’
disk. Ovary inferior, 1-2-celled, the cells each containing a solitary pen-
dulous ovule. Style one. Fruit a 1-2-seeded drupe.

1. CORNUS L. DoGwoop.

Ours are shrubs with opposite entire petioled leaves and white cymose
flowers. Petals and stamens four each.

Branchlets appressed-pubescent.

Leaves almost glabrous above. 1. C. Amomum.
Leaves strongly rough-pubescent above. 2. C. asperifolia.
Branchlets glabrous. 3. C. candidissima.

1. C. Amomum Mill. 5°-15° high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or
less pubescent below, acuminate: fruit light blue-—Common especially
along streams. May-June.

2. C. asperifolia Michx. 5°-15° high: leaves oblong-ovate, pubescent
beneath, acuminate: fruit white.—Our most common species through-
out. May-June.

3. C. candidissima Marsh. 5°-15° high: leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, pale and glabrous beneath: fruit white.—Along streams near
Tarsney and Atherton. Local. May-June.

FamILy 95. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl.

Saprophytes with scaly, bracted stems and regular perfect flowers.
Calyx 2-6-parted. Corolla of 4-6 petals or 4-6-lobed. Stamens 6-12.
Ovary superior, 1-6-celled, 4-6-lobed. Stigma rayed.

1. MONOTROPA L.

Flowers solitary Calyx of 2 sepals. Petals separate above. Ovary
5-celled.
10

146 PRIMULACEAE

1. M. uniflora L. GHost PLANT. INDIAN Pipe. Stems 4’-10/ high,
clustered, waxy-white: flowers 6’/-10’ long, nodding: capsules erect.—
In rich woods. Kansas City, Independence, Atherton, Dodson and
Sibley. Rare and local. August-September.

FamILy 96. PRIMULACEAE Vent.

Herbs with perfect regular flowers. Calyx 5-parted and corolla 5-cleft.
Stamens 5, opposite the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with the
ovules borne on a free central placenta. Styles and stigma one. Parts
of the flower occasionally more or less than five,

Stem leaves (bracts) verticillate. 1. ANDROSACE.
Stem leaves opposite.

Flowers yellow.
Flowers axillary.

Staminodia none. 2. LYSIMACHIA.
Staminodia five. 3. STEIRONEMA.
Flowers in dense heads. 4. NAUMBURGIA.
Flowers scarlet, blue or white. 5. ANAGALLIS.
Stem leaves alternate. 6. CENTUNCULUS.
Leaves all basal. 7%. DODECATHEON.

1. ANDROSACE L.

‘Low annuals with tufted basal leaves and umbellate flowers subtended
‘by bracts similar to the leaves. Corolla white, salver-form, shorter than
the calyx.

1. A. occidentalis Pursh. 1/-5’ high: leaves oblong-spatulate,
entire: corolla less than 1/7 long.—Common on dry hills and b.rrens,
especially in the southern part. March-April.

2. LYSIMACHIA L.
Perennial, glandular-punctate herbs. Corolla rotate, its lobes con-
volute and entire. Ovules few.
1. L. Nummularia L. MoNnrywort. Creeping, 1°-2° long, gla-
brous: leaves ovate-orbicular, short-petioled, entire.—Escaped around
gardens in Independence. May-—September.

3. STEIRONEMA Raf. YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE.

Perennial herbs. Corolla rotate, its lobes erose-denticulate, each em-
bracing its stamen. Staminodia five, alternate with the stamens. Ovules
few to many.

Leaves ovate. 1. 8. ciliatum.
Leaves lanceolate. 2. S. lanceolatum.

1. S. cillatum (L.) Raf. 1°-4° high, glabrous: leaves ovate, entire,
rounded at base: petioles ciliate, 6’”-12/ long: capsule not exceeding
the calyx.—In wet grounds throughout. Oftencommon. June-August.

2. S. lanceolatum (Walt.) A. Gray. Resembles the last, but the
leaves lanceolate and tapering into the short (1//-6” long) petioles.—In
low meadows throughout, especially in the northeastern part. July-
September.

EBENACEAE 147

4. NAUMBURGIA Moench. |

A perennial herb with flowers in dense axillary peduncled heads.
Corolla lobes linear, punctate-dotted, with a small tooth in each sinus.
Ovules few.

1. N. thyrsiflora (L.) Duby. Turrep LoosEstRiIFE. 1°-2° high:
leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, entire, strongly black dotted : flowers
2/’-3’ long.—In a bog two miles west of Sibley. Rare and local. May-
June.

5. ANAGALLIS L.

Diffuse herbs with peduncled axillary flowers. Corolla rotate. Cap-
sule circumscissile, many-seeded.

1. A. arvensis L. Pook MAn’s WEATHER Guass. 4/-12/ high,
glabrous : leaves ovate, entire, sessile, black-dotted: flowers red.—
Abundantly naturalized in fields near Courtney and Independence.
May-August.

6. CENTUNCULUS L.

Annuals with axillary flowers. Corolla white, shorter than the calyx,
its lobes spreading. Capsule circumscissile, many-seeded.

1. C. minimus L. CHAFFWEED. 1/-5/ high: leaves oblong, entire,
tapering to the base, sessile: flowers nearly sessile.—Abundant in sandy
fields southeast of Grain Valley and near Martin City. June-July.

7. DODECATHEON L.

Flowers handsome in involucrate umbels terminating the scape, nodding.
Calyx and corolla lobes reflexed at flowering time. Filaments monadel-
phous at base, approximate into a cone, exserted. Capsule oblong, erect,
dehiscent by valves.

1. D. Meadia L. SHoorrna Star. Leaves oblanceolate, entire,
petioled: scape 1°-2° high: flowers rose-colored, 9/’-15’” long.—On the
prairie along the railroad a half mile north of Greenwood. A few
clumps. First discovered about 1865 by Prof. Broadhead ; rediscovered
in 1899. May.

FAMILY 97. EBENACEAE Vent.

Woody plants with alternate entire leaves and regular polygamous flow-
ers. Calyx and corolla each 3-7-lobed. Stamens 2-4 times as many as
the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 3-12-celled, each cell containing 1-3
suspended ovules. Styles 2-8. Fruita berry. Seeds bony.

1. DIOSPYROS L.

Flowers of two kinds, the sterile in cymes, the fertile solitary in the
axils. Calyx and corolla 4-6 lobed. Fruit a large 4-8-seeded berry.
Pistillate flowers with imperfect stamens.

1. D. Virginiana L. PERsIMMoN. 15°-40° high: leaves ovate-oblong,
petioled, strongly pubescent when young, as are the branchlets: corolla
yellowish-brown.—Frequent throughout in dry soil. June—Julv

148 GENTIANACEAE

FamILy 98. OLEACEAE Lindl.
Woody plants with opposite leaves. Calyx 2-4-parted or none, Co-
rolla 2-4 parted or none. Stamens 2-4. Ovary superior, 2-celled, with

two ovules in each cell.
1. FRAXINUS L.

Trees with odd pinnate leaves and polygamous or dioecious, racemose-
fasciculate flowers. Stamenstwo. Petals wanting. Fruit a flat-winged
1-2-seeded samara.

Stalks of lateral leaflets 3/’-4’’ long. 1. F. Americana.
Stalks of lateral leaflets 1/’-2’’ long.
Branchlets glabrous. 2. F. lanceolata.
Branchlets-downy. 3. F. Pennsylvanica.

1. F. Americana L. Waite AsH. A large tree: branchlets and peti-
oles glabrous: leaflets 7-9, stalked, ovate-orbicular to ovate-lanceolate,
sparingly denticulate or entire, pale and glabrate or slightly pubescent
beneath : wing of samara little decurrent.—Frequent throughout in the
upland woods. May. Very variable.

2. F. lanceolata Borck. GREEN ASH. 40°-60° high : wing of samara
noticeably decurrent : leaflets less pale below, glabrate or pubescent:
otherwise resembles the last.—In low grounds throughout, especially
along the Missouri River. May.

3. F. Pennsylvanica Marsh. Rep AsH. Differs from the last in
having the twigs, petioles and lower leaf surface velvety pubescent —Grow-
ing with the last around Hiffner’s Lake near Atherton and Fish Lake
near Sibley. May.

FamMILy 99. GENTIANACEAE Dumort.

Glabrous herbs with opposite, entire, sessile, simple leaves without
stipules, and perfect, regular, cymose or clustered flowers. Divisions of
the calyx and corolla 4-12 each. Stamens as many as, and alternate
with, the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with two parietal
placentae and many ovules. Capsule dehiscent by two valves.

Style filiform ; anthers twisting in age.

Corolla salver-form. 1. ERYTHRAEA.
Corolla rotate. 2. SABBATIA.
Style stout, short or none ; anthers not twisting. 3. GENTIANA.

1. BRYTHRAEA Neck.

Parts of the flower four to five.

1. EB. calycosa Buckl. WESTERN CENTAURY. 1° high : leaves linear-
oblong: flowers 1/-2/ long, pinkish : corolla lobes obtuse.—Found as a
waif along the Santa Fe Railroad between the mouths of Rock and Sugar
Creeks. July.

2. SABBATIA Adans.

Flowers pinkish, handsome.

1. S. campestris Nutt. PRAIRIE PINK. Annual, 4’-12’ high : leaves
ovate to ovate-oblong : branches alternate: capsule 5-winged, its lobes

APOCYNACEAE 149

lanceolate: flower 18’ broad.—Found as a waif near Sheffield, Courtney
and Lee’s Summit. August-September.
3. GENTIANA L. GENTIAN.

Calyx usually 5-cleft. Corolla (in ours) funnel-form or salver-form
with membranous plaits in the sinuses, 1’-2/ long.

Corolla bluish.
Lobes of corolla spreading. 1. G. puberula.
Lobes of corolla connivent. 2. G. Andrewsii.
Corolla yellowish-white. 3. G. flavida.

1. G. puberula Michx. Perennial, 12’/-18 high : stems puberulent:
leaves oblong-lanceolate : corolla bright blue within, greenish without:
anthers separate.—Frequent locally on prairies, Hickman’s Mills, Lee’s
Summit, Grain Valley. August-September.

2. G. Andrewsii Griseb. Perennial, 1°-2° high: leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, triple-nerved, rough-margined : corolla light blue, its lobes al-
most obsolete: anthers cohering into a tube.—In moist rich woods,
Brush Creek, Independence, Sibley. Rare. September.

3. G. flavida A. Gray. Perennial, 1°-2}° high: leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, triple-nerved, smooth-margined: flowers nearly 2’ long: corolla
lobes erect, but not spreading : anthers connivent.—On woody hillsides,
Swope Park, Brush Creek, Dodson, Independence. Locally common and
occurring in big patches. August-September.

FamILy 100. APOCYNACEAE Lindl.

Plants with milky juice, entire leaves without stipules, and perfect
regular flowers. Divisions of calyx and corolla five each. Stamens five,
alternate with the corolla lobes, separate. Pollen granular. Ovary
superior, composed of two distinct carpels. Fruit a follicle.

1. APOCYNUM J.. DoGBANE.
Herbs with opposite leaves and pinkish-white flowers in corymbose
cymes. Corolla bell-shaped, bearing five appendages in the throat. Seeds
hairy-tufted.

Corolla lobes revolute. 1. A. ureeolifer.
Corolla lobes erect.
Plant glabrous or sparingly pubescent. 2. A. hypericifolium.
‘Plant strongly velvety-pubescent. 3. A. pubescens.

1. A. urceolifer G.S. Miller. 2°-4° high, nearly glabrous through-
out: branches divergently forked: leaves ovate, short-petioled : cymes
loose : corolla tube exceeding calyx lobes.—In dry soil near Tarsney and
Little Blue Tank. Local. June-August.

2. A. hypericifolium Ait. 2°-5° high: branches erect: lower leaves
short-petioled to cordate-clasping, usually cordate at base, oval to oblong:
upper leaves petioled: flowers white-pink to greenish-pink.—Abundant
in low grounds throughout and very variable. June-September.

150 ASCLEPIADACEAE

3. A. pubescens R. Br. Resembles the last but the whole plant-
especially the lower surface of the leaves, is very velvety-pubescent.
Rather common in low grounds throughout. June-September.

FaMILy 101. ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl.

Plants with milky juice, entire, non-stipulate leaves and umbellate
flowers. Divisions of calyx and corolla five each. Stamens five, conni-
vent. Anthers 2-celled, each cell containing a waxy pollen mass. Ovary
superior, 2-celled. Styles two, connected by the 5-angled stigma. Stigma
and pollen masses connected by five glandular bodies growing in the angles
of the stigma. Between the stamens and corolla there is a ring or a disk.
Fruit of two follicles. Seeds bearing a long coma.

Corolla strongly reflexed.
Crown of five hood-like bodies each bearing an in-

eurved horn within. 1. ASCLEPIAS.
Crown like the last, but hornless. 2. ACERATES.
Corolla merely spreading.
Herbs. 3. ASCLEPIODORA.
Vines. 4, GONOLOBUS.
1. ASCLEPIAS L. MILKWEED.
Erect perennial herbs.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate. 1, A. tuberosa.
Leaves opposite, broad.
Flowers rose-purple. 2. A. purpurascens.
Flowers pinkish or yellowish- white.
Leaves lanceolate. 3. A. inearnata.
Leaves ovate-oblong.
Stems glabrous.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves. 4. A. Sullivantii.
Peduncles much longer than the leaves. 5. A. amplexicaulis.
Stems finely soft-pubescent. 6. A. Syriaca.
Leaves verticillate, linear. WT. A. verticillata.

1. A. tuberosa L. BUTTERFLY WEED. 1°-2° high, pubescent:
leaves nearly sessile, cordate at base: flowers deep orange-coloied in
numerous umbels: follicles erect on the decurved fruiting pedicels.—
Common in open fields and prairies. June-July.

2. A. purpurascens L. PURPLE MILKWEED. 2°-4° high, puberu-
lent : leaves petioled, tomentose beneath : umbels few : follicles erect on
the deflexed fruiting pedicels.—Frequent throughout in rocky woods.
May-June.

3. A. incarnata L. SwamMP MILKWEED. 2°-5° high, nearly gla-
brous: leaves short petioled, smooth : umbels numerous: follicles and
fruiting pedicels erect.—Not uncommon in low swampy grounds through-
out. July-September.

4. A. Sullivantii Engelm. 2°-5° high, glabrous: leaves oblong,
thick, obtuse or cordate at base, short-petioled or sessile : umbels termi-
nal and lateral : follicles erect on the deflexed fruiting pedicels, slightly

ASCLEPIADACEAE 151

echinate.—On wet prairies especially in the valleys of the Big and Little
Blue and Fire Prairie Creek. Abundant locally. June-July.

5. A. amplexicaulis J. E.Smith. 1°-23° high, glabrous: leaves ovate-
orbicular, clasping : umbel usually solitary : follicles glabrous, erect on
the decurved fruiting pedicels.—Locally frequent on dry prairies and
banks near Waldo Park, Lee’s Summit, Grand View, Lake City and
Buckner May-June.

6. A. Syriaca L. CoMMON MILKWEED. 2°-5° high, finely pubes-
cent: leaves oval-oblong, short-petioled, pubescent: umbels several :
follicles erect on the decurved fruiting pedicels, densely tomentose and
echinate.—Abundant throughout in fields and waste places. July—Sep-
tember.

7. A. verticillata L. WHITE MILKWEED. 1°-3° high, pubescent :
leaves long-linear, numerous : flowers white: glabrous follicles and fruit-
ing pedicels erect.—Not uncommon in dry fields and prairies throughout.
June-July.

2. ASCLEPIODORA A. Gray.

Resembles Asclepias, but corolla lobes spreading. Hoods hornless,
crested within.

1. A. viridis (Walt.) A. Gray. GREEN MILKWEED. 1°-2° high, gla-
brous : leaves opposite or alternate, ovate-oblong, short-petioled, mucro-
nate: flowers 1’ broad, greenish with a purplish hood.—Rare and local in
dry soil near Pixley’s, Lee’s Summit, Grain Valley and Grand View.
June.

3. ACERATES Ell. MILKWEED.

Differs from Asclepias in the hornless hoo 's.

Flowers white. 1. A. angustifolia.
Flowers greenish.
Crown sessile. 2. A. viridiflora.
Crown on a short column. 3. A. Floridana.

1. A. angustifolia (Nutt.) Dec. PRAIRIE MILKWEED. 1°-2° high,
slightly puberulent: leaves elongated-linear: umbels axillary, short-
peduncled or sessile : hoods three toothed at the apex.—Locally frequent
on rocky prairies near Waldo Park, Grand View and Lee’s Summit.
June-July.

2. A. viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton. GREEN MILKWEED. 1°-3° high,
downy to glabrate: leaves oval or oblong-ovate : umbels sessile or short-
peduncled : hoods about equalling the anthers: hoods entire.—Rather
rare in dry rocky places near Waldo Park and Lee’s Summit. June-
August.

Var. Ivesii Britton. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.—Dry places through-
out especially in the southern part, but not abundant.

Var. linearis A. Gray. Leaves linear.—Prairies near Buckner.

3. A. Floridana (Lam.) Hitcheock. 1°-3° high, glabrate to hairy :
leaves linear-lanceolate: umbels peduncled: hoods much shorter than

152 CONVOLVULACEAE

the anthers: hoods entire.—Locally common on moist prairies near
Atherton, Dodson, Waldo Park, Lake City and Lee’s Summit. July-
September.

4. GONOLOBUS Michx.

Twining vines with opposite,: long-petioled, cordate-ovate leaves, and
flowers in axillary peduncled cymes. Corolla lobes erect, somewhat
twisted. Crown of five membranous 2-horned bodies. Anthers termi-

. nated by a white dilated appendage.

1. G. laevis Michx. CLIMBING MILKWEED. 4°-12° long, puberu-
lent: flowers whitish: pods 3’ long, smooth.—Common in thickets,
especially in the bottoms along the Missouri River. July-September.

FamI.y 102. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent.

Herbaceous vines with alternate leaves, no stipules and large axillary
regular and perfect flowers. Calyx 5-parted or divided. Corolla gamo-
petalous, 5-angled or lobed. Stamens five, alternate with the corolla
lobes. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled or falsely 4-6-celled, with two erect
ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule.

Stamens and styles exserted: 1. QuAMocLIt.
Stamens and styles included.
Stigmas capitate or subglobose. 2. IPOMOEA.
Stigmas filiform or oblong. 3. CONVOLVULUS.

1. QUAMOCLIT Moench.

Sepals long-pointed. Corolla salver-form. Stigmas capitate.

1. Q. coccinea (L.) Moench. RED MoRNING GLORY. Leaves ovate-
cordate, acuminate-pointed : flowers red, 1’ long.—Frequent in waste
places at Kansas City; also occurs in bottoms near Courtney and Atherton.
July—-October.

2. IPOMOEA L. MoRNING GLORY.

Corolla funnel form or campanulate.
Stigma entire or 2-lobed.

Corolla 4’’-6”’ long. 1. I. lacunosa.

Corolla 2’-3’ long. 2. I. pandurata.
Stigma 3-lobed.

Leaves entire. . 3. I. purpurea.

Leaves 3-lobed. 4. I. hederacea.

1. I. lacunosa L. Swamp MorRNING GLoRy. Pubescent annual,
2°-4° long: leaves ovate, cordate, entire or 3-lobed: peduncles short,
1-3-flowered : sepals acuminate, ciliate : flowers white.—In bottom lands,
Sheffield, Courtney, Atherton and Sibley. Local. July—Ootober.

2. I. pandurata (L.) Meyer. MAN or THE EARTH. Glabrous peren-
nial, 2°-8° long: root large: leaves broadly ovate-cordate: peduncles
1-5-flowered : flowers white with purple lines: sepals obtuse.—On dry
banks throughout, but not common. July-September.

3. I. purpurea (L.) Roth. PURPLE MORNING GLoRY. Hairy annual,
6°-25° long : leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, entire: sepals lanceolate :

CUSCUTACEAE 153

corolla light blue, purple, red or white.—Often abundant in waste places.
July-October.

4. I. hederacea Jacq. CoRN-FIELD MorninG Guory. Like the
last but leaves 3-parted, the sepals acuminate-pointed, and flowers light
blue.—This is often very common in fields, especially in the Missouri
River bottoms. July—October.

3. CONVOLVULUS L.

Corolla funnel-form to campanulate. Our species are perennials with
showy pink or white flowers.

Calyx with two large bracts at base.

Flowers single. 1. C. sepium.
Flowers double. 2. C. Japonicus.
Calyx without bracts at base. 3. C. arvensis.

1. C. sepium L. BINDWEED. 3°-12° long, glabrous or pubescent :
legves triangular-hastate, glabrous or pubescent below, but nearly always
glabrous above, the basal lobes obliquely truncate: one peduncle in the
axil of each leaf.—Common throughout in sunny places. June-Sep-
tember.

Var. fraterniflorus Mackenzie & Bush, n. var. Leaves 3’—4’ long,
strongly appressed-pubescent on both sides: two 1-flowered peduncles in
the axil of each leaf, the one longer and the other shorter than the petiole :
flowers white.—Dry banks near Martin City. July.

' 2. C. Japonicus Thunb. JAPANESE MoRNING Glory. A few feet
long: leaves narrowly hastate : flowers pink, double.—Thoroughly estab-
lished along the railroad at Sibley. July-September.

3. C. arvensis L. SMALL BINDWEED. 1°-3° long, glabrous: leaves
ovate-oblong, sagittate, the basal lobes spreading, acute : peduncles 1-3-
flowered, bearing some small bracts.—Along railroads and in waste places
in about a dozen widely separated localities.—May-September.

FAMILY 103. CUSCUTACEAE Dumort.

Whitish or yellowish parasites with scale-like leaves and flowers as in
CoNVOLVULACEAE. Cotyledons none. The lower part of the stems en-
tirely disappear at flowering time and leave the plants wholly dependent
on their host.

1. CUSCUTA L. DOoDDER.

Flowers white, cymose-clustered, often bracted at base. Corolla with
scales in its throat. Capsule indehiscent (in ours).

Calyx gamosepalous.
Corolla lobes acute.

Calyx lobes obtuse. 1. C. arvensis.
Calyx lobes acute. :
Flowers nearly sessile. 2. C. Polygonorum,

Flowers distinctly pedicelled. 3. C. Coryli.

154 POLEMONIACEAE

Corolla lobes obtuse.

Styles equalling the capsule. 4. C. Cephalanthi.
Styles shorter than the capsule. 5. C. Gronovii.
Calyx of distinct sepals. 6. C. paradora.

1. C. arvensis Beyrich. Low climbing: flowers 1’ long, nearly ses-
sile : corolla tips incurved: scales large, deeply fringed : corolla persis-
tent at base of the depressed-globose capsule.—In barrens west of Lee’s
Summit and southwest of Tarsney. Local. June-July.

2. C. Polygonorum Engelm. Low climbing: flowers nearly sessile :
scales small: styles shorter than the ovary: capsule depressed-globose.
—Frequent throughout in low moist grounds. August-September.

3. C. Coryli Engelm. Low climbing: flowers 1/” long, short-pedi-
celled : fringe of scales little or none: capsule depressed-globose.—On a
dry bank in Rush Bottom near Courtney. Local. August-September.

4. C. Cephalanthi Engelm. High climbing: flowers 1/’ long, short-
pedicelled, in panicled cymes: calyx lobes obtuse: scales fringed : cap-
sule depressed-globose.—On willows, etc., along the Missouri River near
Sheffield and Courtney. -Notcommon. August-September.

5. C. Gronovii Willd. Climbing, 2°-6° high : flowers 13” long, short-
pedicelled : calyx lobes obtuse: scales copiously fringed : capsule sub-
globose or oblong-globose.—In moist woods near Atherton and Sibley.
Locally abundant. August-September.

6. C. paradoxa Raf. Flowers sessile, 13’ long, in very dense clusters,
6/’-9’’ thick : tips of sepals and of the numerous bracts recurved-spread-
ing : scales strongly fringed : styles 2-4 times the length of the ovary.—
Dry woods and hills throughout, especially in the southern part. Rather
common. August-September.

FamIty 104. POLEMONIACEAE DC.

Herbs with nearly regular flowers. Calyx and corolla lobes five each.
Stamens five, alternate with the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 3-celled,
with 2-many ovules in each cell. Style solitary. Stigmas three. Cap-
sule loculicidal, 3-valved.

Leaves opposite, entire. 1. PHLox.
Leaves alternate, pinnate. 2. POLEMONIUM.

1. PHLOX L. WILD SwEET WILLIAM. WILD PHLOx.

Perennial herbs with blue, red or white flowers in terminal cymes or
panicles. Corolla salver-form with a long narrow tube.

Flowers in panicled cymes. 1. P. paniculata.
Flowers in corymbed or simple cymes.
Plants without sterile prostrate shoots at base. 2. P. pilosa.
Sterile prostrate shoots present. 3. P. divaricata.

1. P. paniculata L. Glabrous, 14°-4° high : leaves ovate-lanceolate :
flowers short-pedicelled : calyx teeth subulate : corolla lobes entire, pink,
purple or white.—Occasionally escaping from gardens to roadsides. July-
September.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE 155

2. P. pilosa L. 1°-2° high, hairy to nearly glabrous: leaves linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, spreading : corolla lobes entire, reddish.—Prairies
and barrens throughout the southern part, especially along the railroad
near Lee’s Summit. April-May.

3. P. divaricata L. 1°-2° high, finely pubescent: leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute: corolla bluish, its lobes obcordate to entire.—Common
throughout in damp woods. April-May.

2. POLEMONIUM L.

Perennial herbs with blue cymose-paniculate flowers. Corolla bell-
shaped.

1. P. reptans L. Jacop’s LADDER. 6/-20/ high, nearly glabrous:
leaflets 5-15, oblong-lanceolate, entire: flowers 6/’ broad : stamens in-
cluded.—In rich woods near Westport (very rare), and along Sni-a-bar
Creek (abundant). April-May.

FamILy 105. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl.

Generally hairy herbs with perfect, regular, cymose or racemose flowers.
Parts of calyx and corolla five each. Stamens five, alternate with the
corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with two parietal placentae.
Styles two, united below (in ours). Fruit a 2-valved capsule.

Stamens exserted. 1. HyDROPHYLLUM.
Stamens included. 2. MAcROCALYX.

1. HYDROPHYLLUM L. WATER LEAF.

Corolla white or pale blue, bell-shaped, its lobes convolute in the bud,
with five linear appendages within. Ovary hairy. Seeds 1-4. Flowers
cymose.

Stems nearly glabrous ; corolla lobes not appen-

daged. 1. H. Virginicum.
Stems hirsute ; corolla lobes appendaged. 2. H. appendiculatum.

1. H. Virginicum L. Perennial, 8’-20’ high : leaves pinnately divided
into 5-7 oblong, acute and cut-toothed lobes: flowers 3/’-4” long.—In
woods throughout. Rathercommon. May-June.

2. H. appendiculatum Michx. Biennial, 12’-30’ high: lower leaves
pinnately divided into 5-7 ovate and cut-toothed lobes: upper leaves
ovate, variously lobed: flowers 6’/-7’” long.—Common in rich woods.
May-June. ;

2. MACROCALYX Trew.

Annual herbs. Calyx 5-lobed, greatly enlarged in fruit. Corolla
whitish, about the length of the calyx, with five small appendages within.
Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate.

1. M. Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze. Stems pubescent, weak, at length
widely spreading : leaves ovate-oblong, divided into 7-13 oblong spar-
ingly toothed lobes : peduncles 1-flowered, opposite the leaves: corolla
about 2’ long.—Very abundant in moist places. April-June.

156. BORAGINACEAE

FAmILy 106. BORAGINACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with alternate entire leaves and perfect, usually regular flowers.
Divisions of calyx and corolla five each. Stamens five, each inserted on
the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Ovary deeply
4-lobed, in fruit forming four 1-seeded nutlets. Style solitary. Stigmas
one or two.

Corolla regular.
Nutlets armed with pricklets.
Pricklets covering the nutlets.
Pricklets on the margin or back.
Nutlets unarmed.
Nutlets attached to receptacle just above their
base : flowers blue. 3. MERTENSIA.
Nutlets attached by their base to receptacle :
flowers not blue.
Styles included.
Racemes not leafly-bracted.
Racemes leafy-bracted.
Styles exserted.
Corolla lobes erect, acute.
Corolla lobes spreading.
Corolla irregular. ;

1. CYNOGLOSSUM L.

Corolla funnel-form, its throat closed by five scales. Nutlets attached
laterally, spreading.

1. C. officinale L. Hounp’s Tonaugz. Pubescent biennial, 2°-4°
high : leaves oblong to lanceolate, the lower slender-petioled, the upper
sessile: corolla 4’’-5’’ broad, reddish-purple.—Not uncommonly intro-
duced in fields. May-July.

. CYNOGLOSSUM.
. LAPPULA.

nor

. Myosoris.
. LITHOSPERMUM.

. ONOSMODIUM.
. SYMPHYTUM.
. ECHIUM.

DID Oe

2. LAPPULA Moench. STICKSEED.

Corolla salver-form, its throat closed by five small scales. Nutlets
attached laterally, erect. .

Leaves linear to linear oblong.

Pricklets on margin of nutlets in two rows. 1. L. Myosotis.
Pricklets on margin of nutlets in one row. 2. L. Tesana.
Leaves ovate-oblong. 3. L. Virginiana.

1. L. Myosotis Moench. Annual, 1°-2° high, hirsute-pubescent :
flowers white or blue: pricklets in two rows on the margins of the nut-
lets.—Rarely found in waste places around Kansas City. May-July.

2. L. Texana (Scheele) Britton. Erect or spreading annual, 4/-20/
high, hirsute-pubescent : flowers white or blue: prickles in one row on
the margins of the nutlets: pricklets sometimes united into a cup.—
Sparingly adventized along railroads from Kansas City to Courtney and
Atherton. May-June.

3. L. Virginiana (L.) Greene. BEGGaAR’s Ticks. Biennial, 2°-4°
high, strigose-hirsute : radical leaves round-ovate: flowers white: fruit-

BORAGINACEAE 157

ing pedicels recurved : nutlets covered on the margins and back with
pricklets.—Common in woods throughout. July-September.

3. MERTENSIA Roth.

Corolla trumpet-shaped, its throat naked (in ours).

1. M. Virginica (L.) DC. BuuE BELLS. Perennial, 1°-2° high, very
glabrous : leaves obovate, petioled : flowers in corymb-like racemes very
showy, 1’ long.—Locally common in rich woods near Sheffield, Little
Blue Tank to Adams, and Grain Valley. April-May.

4. MYOSOTIS L.

Corolla ‘salver-form, its throat crested. Flowers in one-sided ra-
cemes.

1. M. Virginica (L.) B.S.P. ForGET-ME-Not. Hispid- annual, 3/—
12’ high: leaves linear-oblong to spatulate: fruiting pedicels short:
calyx hairs with hooked tips: sepals unequal : flowers small, whitish.—
Sandy soil in the Missouri River bottom from Kansas City to Sibley ;
possibly not native. April-May.

5. LITHOSPERMUM L.

Corolla salver-form to funnel-form, its throat crested or pubescent.
Flowers in leafy- bracted spikes.

Flowers white or whitish-yellow.

Annual or biennial. 1. L. arvense.

Perennial. 2. L. latifolium.
Flowers bright yellow.

Stems hirsute. 3. L. canescens.

Stems appressed-pubescent. 4. L. lnearifolium.

1. L. arvense L. CoRN GROMWELL. 6/—-20/ high, appressed-pubes-
cent : leaves linear- lanceolate : corolla 3/’ long : nutlets brown and pitted.
—Locally adventized in waste places. Westport, Independence, and
Grain Valley. April-May.

2. L. latifolium Michx. Woop GROMWELL. 14°-3° high, rough-
puberulent: leaves ovate-lanceolate : corolla 2’’-3” long : nutlets white,
smooth and shining. Rarely occurs in rich woods. Westport and along
the Little Blue River ; also near Quindaro, Kansas. -May—June.

3. L. canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary Puccoon. Perennial, 6/-
15’ high, hoary: leaves linear-oblong: corolla 6’ long, not bearded
within, its lobes entire: nutlets white, smooth and shining.—Frequent
on prairies and rocky hills throughout the southern part. April-May.

4. L. linearifolium Goldie. Puccoon. Perennial, 6/-18 high, ‘stri-
gose-pubescent : leaves linear : corolla 1/ long, its lobes erose-denticulate :
later flowers small and cleistogamous : nutlets white, smooth and shining.
—Rocky woods and prairies near Westport, Waldo Park and Little Blue
Tank. Local. April-May.

158 VERBENACEAE

6. ONOSMODIUM Michx. FALst GROMWELL.
Flowers greenish-white in elongated, leafy racemes: corolla tubular,
not appendaged, its lobes acute : nutlets smooth, bony.

Plant green or greenish-yellow. 1. O. Carolinianum.
Plant grayish-green. 2. O. molle.

1. O. Carolinianum (Lam.) DC. 2°-43° high, very rough-pubes-
cent: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute: nutlets 13’” long, ovoid-globose.—
Frequent throughout in dry ground. June-July.

2. O. molle Michx. 1°-2° high, grayish, less pubescent : leaves ovate-
lanceolate, acute: nutlets 2/ long, ovoid.—Frequent on prairies through-
out the southern part. May-June.

7. SYMPHYTUM L.

Rough-hairy perennials with flowers in raceme-like clusters. Corolla
tubular, inflated, its lobes obtusish. Scar left by nut broad, concave,
toothed.

1. S. officinale L. ComFrey. 2°-3° high: leaves ovate-lanceolate,
decurrent on the stem: corolla yellowish-white, 8’’ long —Sparingly
escaped from cultivation at Independence. June-July.

8. ECHIUM L.

Bristly-hairy herbs with flowers in leafy-bracted spikes. Corolla tubu-
lar-funnel-form, its limb with unequally spreading lobes. Styles and
stamens exserted.

1. B. vulgare L. BLUEWEED. 1°-3° high : leaves oblong to linear-
lanceolate, sessile : flowers reddish-blue, nearly 1’ long. Rarely adven-
tized along railroads near Sheffield and Lee’s Summit. June-August.

FamILy 107. VERBENACEAE J. St. Hil.

Herbs with opposite leaves and perfect flowers. Divisions of calyx and
corolla five each. Stamens four, didynamous, alternate with the corolla
lobes. Ovary superior, 2—4-celled, each cell 1-ovuled, separating at ma-
turity into 2-4 indehiscent nutlets. Style one. Stigmas one or two.
Nutlets four. 1, VERBENA.
Nutlets two. 2. PHYLA.

1. VERBENA L. VERVAIN.

Flowers in spikes, bracted. Corolla somewhat irregular, its limb 5-

lobed. Ours are perennials. Many hybrids vocur.

Plants strictly erect.
Leaves distinctly petioled.
Flowers white. 1. V. urticaefolia.

Flowers blue. 2. V. hastata.
Leaves sessile.

Leaves linear to lanceolate. 3. V. angustifolia.

Leaves ovate to oblong. 4. V. stricta.

LABIATAE 159

Plants ascending or procumbent.

Corolla 2’” long. 5. V. bracteosa.
Corolla 6’ or more long.
Corolla reddish-purple. 6. V. Canadensis.
Corolla bluish-purple. %. V. bipinnatifida.

1. V.urticaefolia L. Pubescent, 2°-5° high : leaves ovate-oblong, ser-
rate : spikes filiform, much elongated: flowers scattered.—Common in
fields and waste places. June-Septembher.

2. V. hastata L. Puberulent, 2°-6° high: leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrate, sometimes 3-lobed : spikes slender, densely flowered.—Not un-
common in fields and waste places. May-September.

3. V. angustifolia Michx. Slightly pubescent, 6’-2° high: leaves
somewhat toothed: spikes slender, densely flowered: flowers blue.—
Common in barrens throughout the southern part. June-September.

4. V.stricta Vent. Soft-pubescent, 2°-4° high : leaves serrate: spikes
stout, closely flowered : flowers blue.—Abundant in fields and waste places.
June-September.

5. V. bracteosa Michx. Rough-pubescent : leaves pinnately incised,
usually 3-parted: spikes dense and stout, with long bracts: flowers blue.
—Common in sandy soil and in waste places. April-September.

6. V. Canadensis (L.) Britton. WILD VERBENA. Somewhat pubes
cent: leaves more or less pinnately parted and toothed, often 3-cleft:
flowers showy, 6’”-8”” broad, in dense capitate spikes: bracts usually not
longer than the calyx.—Common on rocky prairies and in barrens through-
out the southwestern part. May-September.

7. V. bipinnatifida Nutt. Resembles the last but has smaller deeper
purple flowers, the leaves are more divided and the bracts often surpass
the calyx.—Found at Sheffield and Courtney as a waif. May-—September.

2. PHYLA Greene.

Corolla somewhat 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed, the upper notched.

1, P. lanceolata (Michx.) Greene. FoG-FRUIT. Extensively creep-
ing, appressed-pubescent : leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, serrate above :
flowers in dense capitate spikes on peduncles exceeding the leaves.—Com-
mon in wet places. June—October.

Famity 108. LABIATAE B. Juss.

Aromatic herbs with square stems, opposite leaves and no stipules.
Divisions of calyx five, rarely four. Corolla gamopetalous, 4-5-lobed,
regular or 2-lipped. Stamens four, or two. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, or
4-parted, each cell containing a single erect ovule. Style solitary,
2-lobed at the summit. Fruit of four 1-seeded nutlets.

Corolla regular or nearly so.

Flowers blue. 2. ISANTHUS.
Flowers white ; fertile stamens four, 19. MENTHA.
Flowers white; fertile stamens two. 18, Lycopus.

Corolla irregular.

160 LABIATAE

Fertile stamens two. \

Calyx gibbous below. 15. HEDEOMA.
Calyx not gibbous below.
Calyx equally 5-toothed. 13. MONARDA.
Calyx 2-lipped.
Flowers blue. 12. SALVIA.
Flowers whitish. 14. BLEPHILIA.

Fertile stamens four.
. Calyx 2-lipped.

Calyx with a protuberance above. 3. SCUTELLARIA.
Calyx with no protuberance ahove.
Flowers in axillary clusters. 16. MELISSA.
Flowers in terminal spikes.
Upper lip of corolla strongly arched. 7. PRUNELLA.
Upper lip of corolla not arched. 20. PERILLA.

Calyx not 2-lipped.
Flowers in terminal spikes.

Upper pair of stamens the longer.
Corolla greenish-yellow or bluish.
Corolla white, purple-dotted.

Lower pair of stamens the longer.

5. AGASTACHE,
6
Corolla seemingly 1-iipped. 1. TEUCRTIUM.
8
1

. NEPETA.

Corolla 2-lipped.

Flowers not whorled. . PHYSOSTEGIA.
Flowers whorled. 11. Stac#Hys.
Flowers in axillary clusters.

Calyx teeth often ten. 4. MARRUBIUM.
Calyx teeth five.

Calyx teeth spiny-pointed. 9. LEONURUS.
Calyx teeth not spiny-pointed.
Upper pairs of stamens the longer. 6. NEPETA.
Lower pair of stamens the longer. 10. LAmMrium.
Flowers in terminal capitate clusters. 17. KoELuia.

1. TBUCRIUM L. Woop SAGE.

Four upper lobes of corolla small, the lower prominent. Flowers pur-
plish rose-colored.
Calyx canescent. 1. T. Canadense.
Calyx villous. 2. T. occidentale.

1. T. Canadense L. Perennial, 1°-3° high, downy : leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, serrate, petioled: flowers 6’ long.—Abundant throughout in
woodlands. June-September.

2. T. occidentale A. Gray. Resembles the last but flowers brighter
colored, and plant villous throughout.—Locally common on prairies,
Dodson, Lake City, Atherton and Sibley. June-September.

2. ISANTHUS Michx.

Flowersaxillary. Corolla bell-shaped, its tube not exceeding the calyx.

1. I. brachiatus (L.) B.S.P. FALSE PENNYROYAL. Annual, 6/-15/
high, viscid-pubescent : leaves lance-oblong: corolla 2/’-3/’ long.—Not
uncommon in barrens throughout the southern part. July-September.

LABIATAE 161

3. SCUTELLARIA L.

Upper lip of corolla arched, the lower spreading, its lateral lobes some-
what connected with the upper lip. Flowers blue.
Flowers in spikes.

Flowers 3” long.

Flowers over 6” long.

Flowers axillary.

1. S. lateriflora.

2
Corolla 8’’ long. 3. &. galericulata.

4

. 8. cordifolia.

Corolla 4” long.
Nearly glabrous. . &. parvula.
Strongly pubescent. 5. &. campestris.

1. S. laterifloraL. Perennial, glabrous : stems ascending, 1°-3° long :
leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioled, serrate.—Often abundant in wet woods.
July—October.

2. S. cordifolia Muhl. Perennial, pubescent, 1°-2° high, erect:
leaves round-ovate, rugose, serrate, strongly cordate at base, petioled.—
Not uncommen in rich woods throughout. June-July.

3. S. galericulata L. Perennial by stolons, smoothish, 1°-3° high,
ascending: leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, nearly sessile-—One clump
found in Rush Bottom near Courtney. July-August.

4. S. parvula Michx. Perennial by tuberiferous stolons, 4/-12/ high :
leaves ovate, usually entire, the upper sessile.—In barrens throughout,
especially in the southern part. April-May.

5. S. campestris Britton. Like the last; but strongly pubescent, the
leaves larger, ovate-orbicular and nearly entire——Barrens and sandy
woods from Lee’s Summit to Leeds, Dodson and southward. Locally
common. April-May.

4. MARRUBIUM L.

_ Calyx lobes spiny-tipped. Stamens included in the tube of the corolla.
1. M. vulgare L. Wnairz Hoarnounn. Stems 1°-2° high, very
woolly : leaves round-ovate, petioled, rugose, crenate: flowers whitish.
—In waste places near Kansas City, Independence, etc. Not uncommon.
May-October.

5. AGASTACHE Clayt. Giant Hyssop.

Upper lobes of the calyx slightly the longer. Stamens exserted. An-
ther sacs parallel. Lower lip of corolla spreading, the middle lobe
crenate.

Flowers purplish. 1, A. scrophulariaefolia.
Flowers greenish-yellow. 2. A. nepetoides.

1. A. scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze. Pubescent, 3°-6° high :
leaves ovate-cordate, serrate, petioled: bracts glabrous, crenulate.—
Locally common in woods near Buckner, Independence, Sibley and Little
Blue Tank. July-October.

11

162 LABIATAE

2. A. nepetoides (L.) Kuntze. Like the last but glabrous: bracts
entire, ciliate.—Rather. frequent in woods and thickets throughout.

July—October.
6. NEPETA L.

Upper lip of corolla erect, the lower spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens
ascending under the upper lip. Anther sacs divergent.

Flowers whitish, purple-dotted. 1. NM. Cataria.
Flowers blue. 2. N. hederacea,

1. N. Cataria L. Catnip. 1°-3° high, whitish-downy : leaves ob-
long-cordate, crenate-dentate, petioled : corolla 6’ long.—Common in
waste places. June-September.

2. N. hederacea (L.) B.S.P. Grounp Ivy. Pubescent, trailing
perenvial: leaves cordate, crenate, petioled : flowers blue, 7” long.—In
waste places and woods at Kansas City, Independence, Courtney and
Adams. Locally abundant. April—October.

7. PRUNELLA L.

Upper lip of calyx truncate, with three small teeth, the lower 2-cleft.
Upper lip of corolla arched, embracing the stamens. Flowers in dense
bracted spikes.

1. P. vulgaris L. SELF HEAL. Slightly pubescent, ascending peren-
nial about 1° high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioled, slightly crenate :
corolla purplish, 6’” long.—Not uncommon throughout in open woods
and fields. June—October.

8. PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. FALsE DRAGONAEAD.

Corolla somewhat inflated above, its upper lip arched, entire, the lower
one somewhat spreading, 3-lobed. Anther cells parallel.

1. P. Virginiana (L.) Benth. OBEDIENT PLANT. 1°-3}° high, gla-
brous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, thick, not petioled : spikes 6/
long, densely flowered : corolla 12’ long, rose-purple.—In low woods
throughout, especially in the Missouri bottoms. July-September.

9. LEONURUS L.

Upper lip of corolla arched, entire, the lower spreading, 3-lobed. An-
ther cells parallel.

1. L. Cardiaca L. MorHERwort. 1°-4° high, puberulent: leaves
long petioled, the lower orbicular and palmately cleft, the upper cuneate
at base, 3-cleft above: corolla pale purple, densely woolly.—In waste
places around houses. Not uncommon. May-October.

10. LAMIUM L.
Upper lip of corolla arched, entire, the lower spreading with its middle
lobe strongly contracted at base and its lateral lobes small. Anther cells
divergent.

LABIATAE 163

1. L. amplexicaule L. HENsBIT. Annual, pubescent, ascending :
leaves orbicular, sessile or clasping, crenately-lobed : corolla purplish,
6’’ long.—In Idlewild Park near Independence. Locally frequent.
April-June.

ll. STACHYS L. HEDGE NETTLE.

Corolla purple, not inflated upward, the upper lip somewhat arched,

entire, the lower spreading, 3-lobed. Anther cells divergent.

Calyx strongly hairy.

Petioles 3’ or less long. 1. S. palustris.
Petioles 3/’-12/’ long. 2. 8. aspera.
Calyx glabrous or nearly so. 3. S. tenuifolia.

1. S. palustris L. Perennial, 1°-4° high, hirsute: leaves oblong-
lanceolate, dentate, hairy : corolla 5/’/-6/’ long.—In low grounds in the
Missouri River bottoms. Common. July-September.

2. S. aspera Michx. Perennial, 1°-3° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate,
crenate-dentate, more or less hairy: corolla 3’/-4/” long.—Infrequent in
low grounds throughout. June—September.

3. S. tenuifolia Willd. Resembles the last but is smooth or nearly so
throughout.—Common in low woods. June-September.

12. SALVIA L. WILD SaGe.

Ours are herbs with racemose-spicate blue flowers. Upper lip of corolla
concave, nearly entire, the lower spreading, 3-lobed. Connective of the
anthers bearing a perfect anther sac at the upper end, and an imperfect
one or none at all at the lower.

Corolla 8’’-12’ long. 1. S. Pitcheri.
Corolla 4/” long. 2. S. lanceolata.

1. S. Pitcheri Torr. Perennial, 3°-6° high, cinereous-puberulent:
leaves oblong-linear, dentate, short-petioled or sessile: tube of corolla
prominently exserted.—In dry soil throughout, especially abundant in
barrens in the southwestern part. July-September.

2. S. lanceolata Willd. Annual, 6’-24’ high, puberulent: leaves
lanceolate, serrate, petioled : tube of corolla not exserted.—Adventized
in fields and waste places. Rathercommon. June-September.

13. MONARDA L.
Calyx 15-nerved, villous in the throat. Upper lip of corolla oblong-
linear, arched, entire, the lower spreading, 3-lobed at the apex. Anther
sacs divaricate, more or less confluent at base.

Flower clusters terminal. 1. M. scabra.
Flower clusters axillary and terminal. 2. M. citriodora.

1. M. scabra Beck. WILD BERGAMOT. Perennial, 1°-4° high:
leaves rounded at base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, soft canes-
cent: calyx teeth short, subulate: corolla reddish-purple, 15’” long.—
Abundant on dry hills. June-August. 7

164 LABIATAE

2. M. citriodora Cerv. LeMoN Mint. Annual, 1°-3° high, puberu-
lent: leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, sharply serrate: calyx teeth
bristle-pointed: corolla pinkish or whitish, 1’ long.—Sparingly adventized
near Sheffield. July-August.

14. BLEPHILIA Raf.

Calyx 13-nerved, not villous in the throat, the three upper teeth awned,
the two lower shorter. Corolla, etc.,as in Monarda. Flowers in glomer-
ules, forming terminal spikes.

1. B. hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. Woop Mint. Perennial, 1°-3° high,
pubescent : leaves ovate, sharply serrate, slender-petioled: outer bracts
linear-lanceolate, acuminate-pointed.—Common throughout in rich
woods. June-August.

15. HEDEOMA Pers.

Ours are annuals with blue, axillary clustered flowers. Calyx 13-nerved.
Upper lip of corolla erect, emarginate, the lower 3-lobed, spreading.
Anther sacs divergent.

Leaves ovate-oblong, serrate, petioled. 1. H. pulegioides.
Leaves linear, entire, sessile. 2. H. hispida.

1. H. pulegioides (L.) Pers. PENNYROYAL. 6/-15’ high, hairy :
corolla 3’ long: sterile filaments manifest.—Abundant in dry woods.
August-October.

2. H. hispida Pursh. SPRING PENNYROYAL. 3/-12’ high, pubes-
cent: corolla 3’” long: sterile filaments none.—Common in barrens
throughout. April-June. :

16. MELISSA L.

Calyx 13-nerved, its upper lip three-toothed, the lower 2-parted.
Upper lip of corolla notched, the lower 3-parted. Anther sacs divaricate.

1. M. officinalis L. GARDEN BALM. Perennial, pubescent, 1°-3°
high : leaves ovate, petioled, crenate: corolla 6/’ long, whitish.—Along
roadsides near Independence. Rare. July-September.

17. KOELLIA Moench. Mountain MINT.

Tufted perennials, 1°-3° high, with white, purplish-dotted flowers.
Calyx about 13-nerved, equally 5-toothed in ours. Upper lip of corolla
nearly entire, a little arched, the lower 3-lobed, spreading. Anther
cells parallel.

Stems smooth. 1. K. flexuosa.

Stems pubescent to downy.
Leaves entire. °

Plant minutely pubescent. 2. K. Virginiana,
Plant hoary-pubescent. 3. K. pilosa.
Leaves serrulate. 4. K. verticillata.

_ 1. K. flexuosa (Walt.) MacM. Nearly glabrous throughout: leaves
narrowly linear, entire: heads 2//-4/” broad: calyx teeth pungently

LABIATAE 165

pointed.— Frequent throughout, especially in the southern part in dry
woods and prairies. June-August.

2. K. Virginiana (L.) MacM. Leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat
pubescent : calyx tube triangular, merely acute : heads downy, often 6”
broad.—Frequent in dry woods throughout. June-August.

3. K. pilosa (Nutt.) Britton. Leaves lanceolate, pubescent: calyx
teeth lanceolate-subulate : heads villous-pubescent, 4’”-7/” broad.—Fre-
quent throughout in dry grounds. June-August.

4. K. verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze. Resembles the last, but merely
puberulent : calyx teeth subulate.—Dry soil near Sheffield. June-August.

18. LYCOPUS L.

Flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx (4-5-toothed) and corolla (4-lobed)
nearly equal in length. Anther sacs parallel.
Basal stolons long and numerous. 1. L. Virginicus.
Basal stolons not present. 2. L. Americanus.

1. L. Virginicus L. BuGLE WreEp. 1°-3° high: leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, petioled, serrate: calyx teeth four, shorter than the
mature nutlets.—In wet woods along streams throughout. Locally fre-
quent. July—October.

2. L. Americanus Muhl. WaTER HoARHOUND. 1°-2° high: leaves
ovate-lanceolate, sinuate-pinnatifid, petioled : calyx teeth five, cuspidate-
pointed.—Common in wet grounds. July-October.

19. MENTHA L.
Strongly scented herbs with white flowers in axillary or spicate whorls.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens equal.

Flowers all axillary. . 1. M. Canadensis.
Flowers spicate,
Leaves not white-woolly beneath.

Leaves nearly sessile. 2. M. spicata.
Leaves petioled. 3. M. piperita.
Leaves white-woolly beneath. 4. M. alopecuroides.

1. M. Canadensis L. WILD MINT. 6/-2° high, pubescent to gla-
brate: leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, short.petioled: calyx hairy all
over, its teeth subulate.—Common throughout in moist grounds. July-
October.

2. M. spicata L. SPEARMINT. 1°-2° high, glabrous : leaves oblong-
lanceolate, sharply serrate: spikes slim, narrow, the bracts usually con-
spicuous.—Along brooks around Independence. Uncommon. July-
September.

3. M. piperita L. PEPPERMINT. Resembles the last: spikes thick,
dense, the bracts less conspicuous.—Along brooks around Independence.
Infrequent. July-September.

4. M. alopecuroides Hull. WooLtny Mint. 2° high, white-pubes-
cent: leaves broadly oval, obtuse, sharply serrate, short-petioled : spikes

166 SOLANACEAE

dense, stout.—Quite a patch along the road near 27th Street and the Ray-
town Road, Kansas City. July-August.

20. PERILLA Ard.
_ Calyx enlarging in fruit, the upper lip truncate, 3-toothed, the lower
2-cleft. Corolla 5-cleft, somewhat irregular. Flowers purplish in terminal
panicled spikes.

1. P. frutescens (L.) Britton. Annual, purplish, 2°-3° high, pubes-
cent: leaves long-petioled, ovate, coarsely dentate: corolla 2// long.—
Waste places near Kansas City, Courtney and Independence ; abundant
in woods near Pixleys. September.

FamILy 109. SOLANACEAE Pers.

Plants with non-stipulate alternate leaves and perfect regular flowers.
Calyx and corolla each 5-lobed. Stamens 5, alternate with the lobes of
the corolla, epipetalous. Ovary superior, 2-celled, or 3-5-celled, many
ovuled. Style and stigma solitary. Fruit a capsule or berry,

Non-woody plants.
Corolla bell-shaped or spreading,
Fruiting calyx bladdery-inflated and enclosing
the berry.

Corolla blue. 1. PHYSALODES.
Corolla yellow. 2. PHYSALIS.
Fruiting calyx not inflated and usually not
enclosing tne berry.
Plants prickly. 3. SOLANUM.
Plants not prickly.
Flowers not yellow. 3. SOLANUM.
Flowers yellow. 4. LYCOPERSICON.
Corolla funnel-form. 6. DATURA.
Woody plants. 5. Lycrum.

1. PHYSALODES Boehm.
Fruiting calyx 5-angled, 5-parted. Berry 3-5-celled, dry. Flowers
axillary.
1. P. Peruvianum Kunth. APPLE-OF-PERU. 2°-6° high, smooth:
leaves ovate, sinuate-toothed, long-petioled.—Escaped from gardens near
Atherton. July-September.

2. PHYSALIS L. GRounpD CHERRY.
Fruiting calyx 5-angled, 5-cleft and 10-ribbed. Berry 2-celled, pulpy.
Flowers axillary. Leaves petioled.

Annuals with fibrous roots.
Corolla with a dark center.

Leaves entire near the base. 1. P. pubescens.
Leaves sinuate to the base.
Leaves strongly oblique at base. 2. P. pruinosa.
Leaves barely oblique at base. 3. P. Barbadensis.
Corolla without a dark center. 4. P. Missouriensis.

Perennials.

SOLANACEAE 167

a

Leaves not hairy.
Leaves more or less hairy.
Leaves entire.

P. subglabrata.

Pubescence sparse, not branching. 6. P. lanceolata.

Pubescence heavy, branching. 7. P. pumila.
Leaves sinuate-dentate.

Pubescence sparse. 8. P. Virginiana.

Pubescence strong and dense. 9. P. heterophylla.

1. P. pubescens L. Stems slender, ascending, villous-pubescent,
branching from the base, 6’-18’ high: leaves ovate, oblique at base,
nearly entire: fruiting calyx acuminate, sharply 5-angled.—In low sandy
woods along the Missouri River. Uncommon. July-September.

2. P. pruinosa L. Stems stout, the branches prostrate and widely
spreading, strongly pubescent: leaves ovate: fruiting calyx resembling
the last.—In waste places, usually in hog-lots, Martin City, Sibley, Grain
Valley, Sheffield, Independence. June—October.

3. P. Barbadensis Jacq. Resembles No. 1 but is stouter: stems erect,
branching above: leaves repand-dentate : fruiting calyx long acuminate.
—In sandy woods along the Missouri River. Uncommon. July-Sep-
tember.

4. P. Missouriensis Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. Stems 6/-18’ high,
viscid-pubescent: leaves ovate, sinuate-dentate, strongly oblique at base :
flowers 3/’-4’’ broad: calyx lobes triangular : anthers purplish : fruiting
calyx ovoid, indistinctly angled, sunken at base: berry very glutinous.—
Rather common on rocky hillsides. June-September. This is P. Laga-
scae Rydb., Vol. III., Britton and Brown, Ill. Flora, 125, not P. Lagascae
R. &8.

5. P. subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush, n. sp. 1°-2° high, nearly gla-
brous throughout: leaves ovate-lanceolate, slightly sinuate-dentate :
corolla 10’’ broad, yellow with a dark center : anthers purplish : fruiting
calyx 10-angled, sunken at base, acuminate.—Common in waste places.
May-September. (Has been referred to P. Philadelphica Lam. )

6. P. lanceolata Michx. 6/-12’ high, spreading : leaves oblanceolate
to spatulate : corolla 8’’ wide, with a dark center: fruiting calyx scarcely
angled, not sunken at the base.—Sparingly adventized at Sheffield.
May-June.

7. P. pumila Nutt. 1°-2° high, erect: leaves ovate to oblong-lanceo-.
late: corolla 8’ wide, with a dark center: fruiting calyx angled, sunken
at base.—Common on prairies and barrens in the southern part. May—
July.

8. P. Virginiana Mill. 1°-2° high, more or less hairy: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, from strongly toothed to nearly entire: corolla 10’ wide,
with a dark center: fruiting calyx sunken at base, 5-angled.—Frequent
in barrens throughout, especially in the southern part. May-June.

9. P. heterophylla Nees. 6’-3° high: leaves large, ovate, cordate,
more or less sinuately toothed: corolla about 10’ wide, with a dark cen-

168 SOLANACEAE

ter: fruiting calyx pubescent, angled, sunken at base.—Common in fields
and waste places. May-September.

Var. nyctaginea (Dunal.) Rydb. Leaves subentire and. Jess pubes-
cent.—In waste places near Kansas City.

3. SOLANUM L.

Corolla wheel-shaped, 5-lobed. Anthers oblong, opening by a short
terminal slit or pore. Berry globose.

Plants not prickly.
Flowers white ; berries black. 1. S. nigrum.
Flowers blue ; berries red. 2. S. Dulcamara.
Plants prickly.
Flowers yellow. 3. S. rostratum.
Flowers light bluish.
Plant densely silvery-canescent. 4. 8S. elaeagnifolium.

Plant hirsute, not silvery. 5. &. Carolinense.

1. S. nigrum L. BLacK NIGHTSHADE. Annual, 1°-3° high, nearly gla-
brous: leaves ovate, undulate, petioled: flowers 4’ broad, in lateral, um-
bellately 3-10-flowered clusters.—Common in waste places. July-October.

2. S. Dulcamara L. BITTERSWEET. Perennial, more or less climb-
ing, hairy : leaves ovate or hastate, either entire or with two lobes at
base : flowers 6” broad, in compound lateral cymes.—In waste places at
Independence. Locally common. June-August.

3. S. rostratum Dunal. BuFFALO BuR. Annual, 6’-2° high, pubes-
cent and usually very prickly all over: leaves ovate in outline, 1-2-
pinnatifid : flowers racemose, 1’ broad : calyx densely prickly, enclosing
the berry.-Commonly adventized in waste places. May—October.

4. S. elaeagnifolium Cav. WHITE Horsr NETTLE. Perennial, 1°-3°
high: leaves oblong-linear to oblong-lanceolate, nearly entire: flowers
violet-blue, cymose, 10’ broad.—Beginning to appear along railroads,
Wayne City, Sheffield. August—October.

5, S. Carolinense L. Horse NETTiE. Perennial, 1°-2° high: leaves
ovate-oblong, repand to pinnatifid: flowers light violet, cymose, 10/
broad.—Abundant in waste places. July—October.

4. LYCOPERSICON Mill.

Herbs with pinnately divided leaves and small yellow flowersin lateral
cymes. Flowers as in Solanum, but anthers elongated, longitudinally
dehiscent.

1. L. esculentum Mill. Tomato. 6/-3° high, viscid-pubescent : leaf
segments ovate-lanceolate, dentate : flowers 6’ broad : berries reddish.—

Frequently found in waste places and on sand-bars along the Missouri
River. June—September.
5. LYCIUM L.

Woody, usually spiny, shrubby vines with entire leaves and small axil-
lary flowers. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form, 5-lobed. Berries. small,
globose.

SCROPHULARIACEAE 169

1. L. vulgare (Ait.f.) Dunal. Matrimony VINE. Glabrous, 3°-10°
long : leaves lanceolate, short-petioled : flowers on filiform peduncles, the
corolla purplish, 4’” broad.—Locally common in waste places at Kansas
City, Sibley and Independence. July-September.

6. DATURA L. JIMSON WEED.

Rank narcotic weeds with axillary short-peduncled, showy flowers.
Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, its border plaited.
Fruit a prickly, imperfectly falsely 4-celled capsule.

Stem green ; flowers white. 1. D. Stramonium.
Stem purple: flowers violet. 2. D. Tatula.

1. D. Stramonium L. 2°-5° high, glabrous: leaves ovate, long-
petioled, irregularly sinuate: flowers 3’-4’ long: lower prickles of the
fruit shorter than the upper.—Common in barn-yards. July-September.

2. D. Tatula L. Closely resembles the last: prickles of the fruit
about equal.—Common with the last. July-September.

Faminy 110. SCROPHULARIACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with non-stipulate leaves and perfect flowers. Calyx and corolla
divisions 4-5 each, the corolla often 2-lipped. Stamens 2, 4 or 5, inserted
on and alternate with the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 2-celled, usu-
ally many-seeded. Style one. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a sep-
ticidal or loculicidal capsule.

Fertile stamens five. 1. VERBASCUM.
Fertile stamens four with a fifth, sterile one, present.
Sterile stamen a mere scale. 3. SCROPHULARIA.
Sterile stamen filiform.
Stamens very woolly. 4. CHELONE.
Stamens not woolly.
Corolla tubular. 5. PENTSTEMON.
Corolla deeply 2-cleft. 6. COLLINSIA.
Stamens four ; all fertile.
Corolla spurred. 2. LINARIA.

Corolla not spurred.
Corolla plainly 2-lipped.
Stamens not enclosed in upper lip of corolla.
Calyx 5-angied, 5-toothed. 7. MIMULUS.
Calyx 5-parted.

Leaves pinnatifid. 8. CONOBEA.
Leaves not pinnatifid. 9. MONNIERA.
Stamens enclosed in upper lip of corolla. 17. PEDICULARIS.
Corolla scarcely 2-lipped.
Flowers on scapes 12. LIMOSELLA.
Flowers not on scapes.
Flowers yellow. 15, AFZELIA.
Flowers pinkish. 16. GERARDI A.
Fertile stamens two.
Calyx 5-parted.
Sterile filaments short or wanting. 10. GRATIOLA.
Sterile filaments long, 2-lobed. 11. ILYSANTHES.
Calyx 4-parted.
Leaves opposite. 13. VERONICA.

Leaves whorled. 14, LEPTANDRA.

170 SCROPHULARIACEAE

1. VERBASCUM L.

Erect herbs with alternate leaves and spicate or racemose flowers.
Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal. Three or all the fila-
ments pilose.

Plant densely woolly. 1. V. Thapsus.
Plant nearly glabrous. 2. V. Blattaria.

1. V. Thapsus L. MULLEN. 2°-8° high: leaves oblong, crenulate,
decurrent: flowers yellow in a dense spike.—An abundant weed in waste
places. June-September.

2. V. Blattaria L. MorH MuLLEN. 1°-3° high, slender: leaves
oblong, doubly dentate, the lower petioled, the upper clasping : flowers
purplish-white in a loose raceme.—Locally frequent in fields near Inde-
dependence and Courtney. May-July.

2. LINARIA Hill.

Herbs with alternate leaves and spicate-racemose flowers. Corolla
nearly closed in the throat.

1. L. vulgaris Mill. BuTTER-AND-Eae@s. Glabrous perennial, 1°-3°
high: leaves linear: corolla yellow, 1’ long.—Locally naturalized in
waste places, Grain Valley, Independence, Kansas City, Sibley. June-
October.

3. SCROPHULARIA L. Ficwort.

Perennial herbs with opposite leaves and cymose-paniculate flowers.
Two upper lobes of corolla erect, longer than the lower.

Sterile stamen purple. 1. S. Marylandica.
Sterile stamen greenish-yellow. 2. S. leporeiia,

1. S. Marylandica L. 3°-8° high, nearly glabrous: inflorescence
glandular-pubescent: leaves ovate, slender-petioled, sharply serrate:
corolla 3” long, dull without, shining within——Common in thickets
throughout. July-October.

2. S. leporella Bicknell. Closely resembles the last: corolla shining
without, dull within. —Occurs locally near Sheffield and Independence.
May-June.

4. CHELONE L.

Herbs with opposite leaves and densely spicate, bracted flowers. Co-
rolla tube inflated, the upper lip concave, emarginate, the lower 3-lobed.

1. C. glabra L. TuRTLE HEAD. 1°~3° high, glabrous: leaves lan-
ceolate, short-petioled, serrate: flowers white, 1’ long.—On a hillside
along the Mo. Pac. R.R. between Lee’s Summit and Little Blue Tank.
Rare. July-September.

5. PENTSTEMON Soland. BEARD TONGUE.

Herbs with opposite leaves and racemose panicled flowers. Corolla
tubular, its limb slightly 2-lipped.

SCROPHULARIACEAE 171

Branches of thyrre spreading. 1. P. Digitalis.
Thyrse spike-like. 2. P. tubiflorus.

1. P. Digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. 1°-4° high, glabrous, except the in-
florescence: leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, denticulate, the lower
petioled, the upper clasping: thyrse panicle-like, spreading : corolla
abruptly inflated, 1’ long, white.—Common in woods and low grounds.
May-July.

2. P. tubiflorus Nutt. Resembles the last: thyrse narrow, spike-
like: corolla not abruptly inflated, 1’ long.—Occasionally adventized at
Sheffield, Wayne City and Courtney. May-July.

6. COLLINSIA Nutt.

Annual herbs with opposite leaves and flowers verticillate in their axils.
Upper lip of corolla 2-cleft, the lower 3-cleft, its middle lobe keeled and
enclosing the stamens and style.

1. C. verna Nutt. BLUE-EYED Mary. 10/-20/ high, glabrous : leaves
ovate, toothed, the lower petioled, the upper sessile: corolla 8’ long, its
lower lip blue, the upper white.—Locally common in rich woods, Shef-
field, Washington Park, Dodson, Grain Valley. April-May.

7. MIMULUS L. MONKEY FLOWER.

Herbs with opposite leaves and axillary peduncled flowers. Upper lip
of corolla erect, 2-lobed, the lower spreading, 3-lobed.
Leaves sessile. 1. M. ringens.
Leaves petioled. 2. MW. alatus.

1. M. ringens L. Glabrous perennial, 1°-2° high : leaves lanceolate,
serrate: peduncles longer than the calyx: corolla violet, 12/7 long.—
Common in moist grounds. June-October.

2. M. alatus Soland. Resemble the last: stem winged: peduncles
shorter than the calyx.—Common in moist grounds. June—October.

8. CONOBEA Aubl.

Herbs with opposite leaves and small pedicelled axillary flowers.. Calyx
segments equal. Upper lip of corolla 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed.

1. C. multifida (Michx.) Benth. River Weep. Diffusely spreading,
2/-8’ high, short-pubescent : leaves pinnatifid, petioled : corolla bluish,
2/’ long.—Often common in wet sandy soil, especially along streams.

June-October.
9. MONNIERA P. Br.

Herbs with opposite leaves and axillary flowers. Upper division of
calyx broader than the other. Corolla (in ours) 2-lipped, the upper lip
2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed.

1. M. rotundifolia Michx. WATER Hyssop. Stems creeping and float-
ing, hairy: leaves ovate-orbicular, obtuse, entire: flowers white, 3/7
long.—In swamps, Sheffield (abundant), Greenwood, Lake City, Court-
ney. May-October.

.

172 SCROPHULARIACEAE

10. GRATIOLA L. HEDGE Hyssop.

Herbs with opposite leaves and axillary flowers. Calyx segments
nearly equal. Corollasomewhat2-lipped. Flowers 2-bracteolate at base.
Sterile filaments wanting in our species.

Stems glandular-puberulent. 1. G. Virginiana.
Stems glabrous. 2. G. sphaerocarpa.

1. G. Virginiana L. Erect annual, 17-12’ high: leaves sessile, ob-
long-lanceolate, serrate : corolla white with a yellowish tube, 4’’ long:
pods ovoid.—Locally common in wet places, Lake City, Buckner, Grain
Valley. May-July.

2. G. sphaerocarpa Ell. Annual, ascending, 2’/-18 long: leaves
sessile, ovate-oblong, serrate: corolla white with a yellowish tube, 6/’-7/
long : capsule globose.—Frequent locally in wet places, Lake City, Ath-
erton. May-August.

11. ILYSANTHES Raf. FALSE PIMPERNEL.

Herbs with opposite Jeaves and axillary flowers. Upper lip of corolla
2-cleft, the lower 3-lobed. Flowers not bracteolate at base. One of the
lobes of the sterile filaments glabrous, the other glandular.

Peduncles longer than the leaves. 1. TI. gratioloides.
Peduneles shorter than the leaves. 2. I. attenuata.

1. I. gratioloides (L.) Benth. Erect, 3’-12’ high, glabrous: leaves
sessile, ovate-oblong, very sparingly toothed : flowers light purple, 4//
long: capsule exceeding the calyx.—Wet prairies in the northwestern
part. Locally common. June-September.

2. I. attenuata (Muhl.) Small. Ascending, 3/-15’ long, glabrous:
leaves sessile, ovate, very sparingly toothed: flowers as in the last: cap-
sule about the length of the calyx.—Common throughout in wet places.
June—October.

12. LIMOSELLA L.

Mud annuals with filiform runners, basal clustered leaves and 1-flowered
peduncles. Corolla nearly regular, 5-cleft

1. L. aquatica L. Mupwort. Leaves 17-5’ long, expanding into an
entire linear-oblong blade: corolla whitish.—One clump found on a mud
bank along the Missouri River near Courtney. July.

13. VERONICA L.

Lowest segmentof corolla the narrowest Capsules compressed, notched
at the apex.

Flowers in axillary racemes. 1. V. Anagallis-aquatica.
Flowers axillary.
Flowers white. 2. V. peregrina.
Flowers blue. 3. V. arvensis.

1. V. Anagallis-aquatica L. WATER SPEEDWELL. Perennial, 1°
high, glabrous: leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, more or less clasping,

SCROPHULARIACEAE 1738

entire : flowers bluish, bracted.—Locally frequent in wet woods two miles
south of Little Blue Tank. June-July.

2. V. peregrina L. NECKWEED. Annual or perennial, 2/-18’ high,
smooth to glandular-pubescent : lower leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, ses-
sile, toothed, the upper alternate, linear-oblong, entire: flowers 1/
broad —A very abundant weed in fields. April-October.

3. V. arvensis L. CorRN SPEEDWELL. Annual, 1/-8 high, hairy:
lower leaves petioled, ovate-cordate, the upper sessile: flowers 1’” broad.
—Abundant, especially in shaded rocky woods. Apparently native.
April-June.

14. LEPTANDRA Nutt.

Perennial herbs with flowers in dense terminal spikes. Corolla tubular,
nearly equally 4-lobed. Stamens long-exserted. Capsule ovoid, not
notched.

1. L. Virginica (L.) Nutt. Cunver’s Root. 2°-7° high, erect, gla-
brous: leaves 3-9-verticillate, short petioled, lanceolate, serrate, usually
pubescent beneath : spikes several: flowers whitish, 2’ long.—Locally
common in moist woods and prairies throughout. June-July.

15. AFZELIA J. G. Gmel.

Herbs with pinnately divided leaves and yellow flowers. Corolla tube
short, about the length of the nearly equal spreading lobes. Stamens
four, nearly equal, included.

1. A. macrophylla (Nutt.) Kuntze. YELLOw Fox-GLove. Peren-
nial, 2°-5° high, puberulent: lower leaves pinnately divided, the lobes
incised, the upper ovate-lanceolate, entire : corolla 6” long, woolly within.
—Rather frequent in shaded rocky woods. July-August.

16. GERARDIA L.
Herbs with opposite sessile leaves and peduncled axillary reddish-purple
large flowers, forming a raceme or panicle. Corolla campanulate with a
swollen tube and almost equally 5-lobed limb. Stamens four, didynamous.

Flowers sessile. 1. G. auriculata.
Pedicels not twice the length of the calyx.
Capsule oblong. 2. G. aspera.’
Capsule globose. 3. G. purpurea,
Pedicels more than twice the length of the calyx.
Capsule globose.
Leaves less than 1/’ wide. 4. G. tenutfolia.
Leaves 1/’-2’” wide. 5. G. Besseyana.
Capsules ovoid-oblong. 6. G. Skinneriana.

1. G. auriculata Michx. 1°-3° high, erect, hairy: leaves lanceolate,
entire, but usually with two lobes at base: flowers 1’ long, glabrous
within as are the filaments: capsule globose-ovoid.—Locally common in
moist open grounds throughout. July-September.

2. G. aspera Dougl. 1°-2° high, branching, scabrous: leaves filiform-
linear: flowers 1’ long: filament villous: capsule oblong.—Rarely occurs
as a waif at Sheffield and Courtney.

174 OROBANCHACEAE

3. G. purpurea L. Resembles the last but is less scabrous, the leaves
are linear and the smaller capsule is globose.—In moist meadows, Sibley,
Lake City to Buckner, Independence. Frequent locally. August-Sep-
tember.

4. G. tenuifolia Vahl. Stem branching, glabrous, 6’-20/ high: leaves
linear, 6/’-14’” long, somewhat scabrous: pedicels spreading : flowers 9’
long: capsules usually 2’” long: upper pedicels exceeding the leaves.—In
moist grounds throughout. July-September.

5. G. Besseyana Britton. Like the last but the leaves 9’”-18’’ long,
scabrous: pedicels ascending: capsules 23’’-3/’ long: upper leaves ex-
ceeding the pedicels. Common throughout in moist meadows and woods,
especially along the Missouri River. July-September.

6. G. Skinneriana Wood. 1°-2° high, scabrous, the branches and
pedicels strictly erect: leaves linear, 6” long: pods 3’’-4/” long.—Rarely
occurs in barrens at Greenwood. July-September.

17. PEDICULARIS L.

Herbs with pinnatifid leaves and flowers in terminal spikes. Corolla
2-lipped, the upper strongly arched, the lower erect, 3-lobed, the lobes
spreading. Stamens ascending under the upper lip.

1. P. Canadensis L. Lovusewort. 67-15’ high, hairy: leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, pinnately parted: corolla yellow, 10/” long, the upper
lip 2-toothed at the apex.—Frequent in dry banks and prairies through-
out the southern part. April-May.

FaMiLy 111. LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl.

Herbs with perfect, irregular flowers borne on erect scapes. Calyx 2-
lipped. Corolla strongly 2-lipped, the lower lip 2-lobed, with a palate
nearly closing the throat, and spurred at the base. Stamens two. Ovary
superior, 1-celled, with a free central placenta bearing many ovules.

1. UTRICULARIA L. BLADDERWORT.

Ours are aquatic herbs with finely dissected bladder-bearing leaves and
yellow flowers. Upper lip of corolla erect, the lower bearded in the throat.
Pedicels recurved in fruit. 1. U. vulgaris.
Pedicels erect in fruit. 2. U. biflora.

1. U. vulgaris L. Scapes 3-15-flowered : corolla 6’/-9’” broad, the
lower lip longer than the spur.—Common in ponds near Sheffield,
Atherton, Sibley and Lake City. May-September.

2. U. biflora Lam. Scapes 1-8-flowered : corolla 3//-5/’ broad, the
spur nearly as long as the lower lip.—Abundant at times in the lake at
Lake City. July-September.

Famity 112. OROBANCHACEAE Lindl.

Root-parasitic herbs, the leaves reduced to scales. Flowers perfect,
irregular. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla tubular, 2-lipped, the lower lip

MARTYNIACEAE 175

3-lobed, the upper usually 2-lobed. Stamens four, didynamous, inserted
on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Ovary superior,
1-celled, with four parietal placentae, many-ovuled.

1. THALESIA Raf.

Brownish, glandular-pubescent plants with yellowish-white flowers.
Flowers not bracted at base. Calyx nearly equally 5-cleft.

1. T. uniflora (L.) Britton. Broom RAPE. Stems clustered, 3’-8/
high, 1-flowered : flowers 1/ long.—Sparingly found in Union Cemetery
at Kansas City by Mrs. Ripley. April-May.

FamILy 113. BIGNONIACEAE Pers.

Woody plants with opposite leaves and large and showy, perfect, some-
what irregular flowers. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla
tubular to campanulate, its limb 5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped. Stamens 2
or 4, alternate with the corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 2-celled, many-
ovuled. . Seeds flat, winged.

Leaves compound ; vines. . 1. TEcoMA.
-Leaves simple ; trees. 2. CATALPA.
1. TECOMA Juss.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla reddish-orange, campanulate. Stamens four.
Capsule compressed at right angles to the partition.

1. T. radicans (L.) DC. TRUMPET VINE. 5°-60° long : leaflets ovate,
serrate : flowers 2’/-3’ long: fruit 4/~-5’ long.—Occasionally escaped from
cultivation, especially around Sibley. Possibly native. June-August.

2. CATALPA Scop.

Flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx deeply 2-lipped. Corolla whites
purple-spotted, campanulate. Stamens two with three staminodia, or four
with 1 staminodium. Capsules elongated- cylindric.

1. C. speciosa Warder. LapDy-cIGAR TREE. 30°-50° high : leave,
ovate-cordate, entire, acuminate: corolla 2’ long, little mottled within,
the lower lobe emarginate.—Occasionally escaped from cultivation, espe-
cially around Sibley. June-July.

FAMILY 114. MARTYNIACEAE Link.

Herbs with opposite leaves and perfect somewhat irregular flowers.
Divisions of calyx and corolla each 4-5. Fertile stamens four, didynamous,
or sometimes only two. Ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae or some-
times falsely 2—4-celled. Seeds wingless.

1. MARTYNIA L.

Viscid-pubescent herbs with long-petioled leaves and flowers in ter-
minal racemes. Corolla whitish, campanulate, gibbous. Fruit a woody
4-celled capsule, beaked with two long incurved horns.

176 PHRYMACEAE

1. M. Louisiana Mill. Unicorn Puant. 6/’-2° high: leaves heart-
shaped, undulate : flowers 1/-2’ long.—Occasionally adventized.in fields
and waste places, Hickman’s Mills, Dodson, Courtney and Independence.
May-September.

Famiuy 115. ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hil.

Herbs with opposite, simple, non-stipulate leaves and perfect, more or
less irregular flowers. Divisions of calyx and corolla 4-5 each. Stamens
four, didynamous, or only two. Ovary superior, 2-celled. Fruit a few-
seeded capsule, the seeds borne on curved projections of the placentae.
Capsule elastically 2-valved.

Corolla nearly regular. 1, RUELLIA.
Corolla strongly 2-lipped. 2. DIANTHERA.

1. RUELLIA L. WILD PETUNIA.

Perennials with showy purplish axillary flowers, a funnel-form corolla
with a large spreading border, 4 stamens and a 6-20-seeded capsule.
Plant glabrous or nearly so. 1. BR. strepens,
Plant strongly hirsute. 2. £. ciliosa.

1. R. strepens L. 1°-3° high: leaves ovate, petioled : corolla 1/-2/
long : later flowers often cleistogamous : calyx segments linear-lanceolate,
about the length of the capsule—Common in moist woods along the
Missouri River : occasional eleewhere. May—August.

2. R.ciliosa Pursh. 6’-18/ high : leaves oblong-ovate, sessile : flowerg
resembling those of the last: calyx segments narrowly linear, much
exceeding the capsule.—Common in dry ground throughout. May-
August. ;

2. DIANTHERA L.

Ours is a perennial herb with flowers in axillary peduncled spikes,
Upper lip of corolla notched, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens two. Ovary
4 seeded.

1. D. Americana L. WATER WILLOW. 1°-3° high, glabrous: leaves
linear-lanceolate, entire: corolla violet, less than 6’ long.—Locally com-
mon in running water from Brush Creek to Little Blue Tank and south-
ward. May-August.

FAMILY 116. PHRYMACEAE Schauer.

Herbs with opposite leaves and perfect irregular flowers in loosely
flowered spikes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip with three setaceous teeth,
the lower with two much shorter teeth. Corolla 2-lipped, the tube cylin-
dric, the upper lip emarginate, erect, the lower 3-lobed, spreading. Sta-
mens four, didynamous. Ovary superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Calyx
abruptly reflexed against the axis of the spike in fruit.

1. PHRYMA L.
Characters of the family.

PLANTAGINACEAE 177

1. P. Leptostachya L. Lopsegp. Perennial, puberulent, 1°-3°
high : leaves ovate, petioled, toothed : flowers purplish, 3” long.—Com-
mon in woods throughout. June-July.

Famity 117. PLANTAGINACEAE Lindl.

Ours are acaulescent herbs with clustered basal leaves and regular, 4-
merous flowers in spikes. Corolla scarious or membranous, the four
stamens inserted on its tube and alternate with its lobes, or only two.
Ovary superior, 2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled, 2-several-ovuled. Capsule
circumascissile.

1. PLANTAGO L. PLANTAIN.

Characters of the family as given above.

Leaves lanceolate or wider.
Plants nearly glabrous throughout.

Petioles green at the base. 1. P. major.
Petioles purple at the base. 2. P. Rugelii.
Plants more or less hairy.
Corolla lobes spreading in fruit. 3. P. lanceolata.
Corolla lobes closed over the fruit. 6. P. Virginica.
Leaves linear or linear-filiform.
Bracts much exceeding the flowers. 4. P. aristata.
Bracts not exceeding the flowers.
Plants white-woolly pubescent. 5. P. Purshii.
Plants nearly glabrous. 7. P. elongata.

1. P. major L. Perennial: leaves long-petioled, ovate, entire,
ribbed : spikes blunt: flowers perfect : sepals slightly keeled : capsule
ovoid, circumscissile near the middle, 5-18-seeded.—Uncommonly intro-
duced in Independence. May-September.

2. P. Rugelii Dec. Resembles the last: spikes tapering; sepals
strongly keeled: capsule oblong-cylindric, circumscissile much below
the middle, 4-10-seeded.—Very common in waste places. June-Oc-
tober.

3. P. lanceolata L. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, nearly entire : scapes
1°-3° tall: spikes dense, ovoid to cylindric: flowers perfect : capsule 2-
seeded.—Occasional in waste places and fields, especially between Kansas
City and Dodson. May-September.

4. P. aristata Michx. More or less villous annual: leaves linear-
filiform, entire, 3-ribbed: scapes 3/-15’ high: flowers perfect, often
cleistogamous: capsule 2-seeded.—Locally very abundant in sandy
fields. May-July.

5. P. Purshii R. & S. Resembles the preceeding species, but is
woolly and the bracts do not exceed the flowers.—Has been found near
Sheffield and Wayne City in sandy soil. Abundant in Clay County near
Randolph, as also near Argentine, Kansas. April-June.

6. P. Virginica L. Annual or biennial, 1’-20’ high: leaves spatulate-
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, entire or sparingly toothed : spikes linear-

12

178 RUBIACEAE

cylindric: flowers subdioecious: capsule 2-seeded.—Common in dry
grounds and waste places. April-June.

7. P. elongata Pursh. Puberulent annual, 1’-4’ high: spikes
slender: flowers subdioecious: stamens only two: capsule 4-seeded.—
Locally common on sterile prairies from Lee’s Summit to Greenwood,
and in dry woods near Grain Valley. April-May.

FamiILy 118. RUBIACEAE B. Juss.

Plants with opposite or verticillate usually stipulate leaves and per-
fect, regular, nearly symmetrical flowers. Calyx coherent with the 1-10-
celled ovary. Corolla gamopetalous, 4—5-lobed, variously shaped. Stamens
inserted’ on the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Ovules 1-many in
each cell of the ovary. Fruit various.

Leaves opposite.

Herbs : ovary with many ovules. 1. Houstonta.
Shrubs. 2. CEPHALANTHUS.
Herbs : ovary with two ovules. 3. DIOoDIA.

Leaves verticillate. 4. GALIUM.

1. HOUSTONIA L.

Calyx tube 4-lobed. Corolla funnel-form or salver form, 4-lobed.
Stamens four. Style one. Stigmastwo. Upper half of the 8—40-seeded
capsule free from the calyx. Flowers dimorphous.

1. H. minima Beck. BuueETs. Annual, spreading, 2’-5’ high, sca-
brous: leaves oblong-oval, short-petioled : corolla purplish.—On prairies
and in dry woods, Little Blue Tank, Lee’s Summit, Greenwood, Grain

Valley. April.
2. CEPHALANTAUS L.

Flowers white, in dense spherical heads. Calyx limb4-lobed. Corolla
funnel-form, shortly 4-lobed. Stamens four, short. Stylesone. Stigmas
two. Fruit dry, obpyramidal, 1—-2-seeded.

1. C. occidentalis L. BurTTon BusH. 3°-15° high: leaves ovate,
petioled, entire: heads 1’ in diameter.—Swampy grounds throughout.
Locally common. June-August.

3. DIODIA L.

Herbs with conspicuous stipules and small axillary flowers. Calyx
limb 4-lobed (in ours). Corolla funnel-form or salver-form, 4-lobed.
Stamens four. Fruit of two indehiscent 1-seeded carpels.

1. D. teres Walt. BUTTONWEED. Annual, erect, spreading, 3’-15/
high, rough: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire : style entire.—Adventized
jn waste places near Hickman’s Mills, Sheffield and Lee’s Summit.
July-September.

4. GALIUM L.

Herbs with square stems, whorled leaves and small white flowers.
Calyx teeth four, or obsolete. Corolla 4- or 3-lobed. Stamens four or
three. Styles two. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruit of two indehiscent
carpels.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE 179

Fruit hispid or bristly.
Stems strongly recurved bristly on the angles.
Leaves 1/-3/ long.
Leaves 1/ or less long.
Stems nearly smooth on the angles.
Leaves in fours.
Leaves in sixes.
Fruit smooth.
Flowers in clusters.
Flowers in cymes.

G. Aparine.
G. Vaillantii.

G. circaezans.
G. triflorum,

G. tinctorium.
G. concinnum.

1. G. Aparine L. Goose Grass. Annual, spreading: leaves in 6's
or 8’s, oblanceolate-linear: cymes 1-3-flowered : fruit 2/”-3/ broad.—
Common in shaded grounds. April-June.

2. G. Vaillantii DC. CLEAveERs. Like the last but the leaves smaller,
the cymes 2-9-flowered and the fruit less than 13/” broad.—Common in
dry grounds. April-June.

3. G. circaezans Michx. WILD Liquogicg. Perennial, 6’-18’ high,
pubescent: leaves oval : cymes forking : corolla greenish_—Rather com-
mon in dry rocky woods. May-July.

4. G. triflorum Michx. FRAGRANT BEDSTRAW. Perennial, spread-
ing, sweet-scented : leaves oval-lanceolate, cuspidate: peduncles 3 flow-
ered or 3-branched : flowers greenish.—Rather common in woods. June-
September.

5. G. tinctorium L. Marsa Bepstraw. Perennial, 6/-12’ high:
nearly glabrous: leaves linear: corolla lobes acute: endosperm annular
in cross-section.—Ofteri common in low meadows, especially in the north-
eastern part. May-June.

6. G. concinnum Torr. & Gray. Woop BEDstRAW. Perennial, 6/-
15’ high, scabrous: leaves linear: corolla lobes acute : endosperm lunate
in cross-section: flowers in open cymes.—Common in dry woodlands.
May-June.

Pan Pe Ne

Famity 119. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent.

Plants with opposite leaves. Calyx tube coherent with the ovary, its
limb with 3-5 divisions. Corolla gamopetalous, variously shaped, its limb
5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla, alternate with its lobes.
Ovary inferior, 1-6-celled. Style one. Stigma capitate or 3-5-lobed.
Fruit a 1-several-seeded berry, drupe or capsule.

Flowers in terminal compound cymes.

Leaves compound. 1. SAMBUCUS.
Leaves simple. 2. VIBURNUM.
Flowers axillary or clustered.
Perennial herbs. 3. TRIOSTEUM.
Woody plants.
Corolla bell-shaped, regular. 4. SYMPHORICARPOS.
Corolla tubular, irregular. 5. LONICERA.

1. SAMBUCUS L.
Shrubs with white flowers in compound cymes. Calyx minutely 3-5-
toothed. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. Stamens five. Stigmas three. Fruit
a berry-like drupe containing 3-5 nutlets.

180 CAPRIFOLIACEAE

1. S. Canadensis L. ELDERBERRY. 3°-15° high: leaflets 3-11,
ovate, acuminate, serrate: cymes somewhat flat-topped : fruit dark pur-
ple.—Abundant in open grounds. June-July. :

2. VIBURNUM L.

Shrubs with white flowers in flat compound cymes, as in Sambucus.
Fruit a one-seeded drupe.

Leaves conspicuously acuminate. 1. V. Lentago.
Leaves not acuminate. 2. V. prunifolium.

1. V.LentagoL. Buack Haw. 5°-15° high: leaves ovate, petioled,
sharply serrate, glabrous, usually long-acuminate-pointed : cymes sessile,
several-rayed: drupe 6’ long, bluish-black.—Not uncommon in wood-
lands. May.

2. V. prunifolium L. BLuack Haw. About the size of the last, but .
the leaves are broadly oval, obtuse or acutish : cyme sessile, several-rayed,
2/-4’ broad : drupe oval, bluish-black and glaucous, 4’’-5’” long.—Rocky
woods east of Independence. Ratherrare. May.

3. TRIOSTEUM L.

Perennial herbs with opposite connate-perfoliate leaves, the flowers ses-
sile in their axils. Calyx with five rather foliaceous lobes. Corolla cam-
panulate, gibbous at base, unequally 5 lobed. Stamens five. Stigma 3~-
5-lobed. Fruita dryish drupe containing three 1-seeded nutlets.

1. T. perfoliatum L. FEVERWoRT. 2°-4° high, hairy: leaves ovate,
strongly narrowed at base : flowers brownish-purple —Rather common in
rich woods. May-June.

4. SYMPHORICARPOS Juss.

Shrubs with short-petioled leaves and axillary clustered flowers. Calyx
slightly 4-5-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5.
Stigma capitate. Fruita 4-celled, 2-seeded berry.

1. S. orbiculata Moench. BuckBUSH. BUCKBERRY. Much-branch-
ing, 2°-10° high : leaves oval, undulate, hairy beneath : style and corolla
sparingly bearded: fruit reddish. Woods throughout. Probably our
most common undershrub. July.

5. LONICERA L.

Ours is a twining shrub with opposite connate-perfoliate entire leaves.
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, glabrous at base, irrey-
ularly 5-lobed. Stigma capitate. Ovary 2-3-celled, many-ovuled. Fruit
a several-seeded berry.

1. L. dioica L. HoNzysucKLE. Glabrous, 3°-8° long: leaves gla-
brous and glaucous: corolla yellow: stamens hirsute below.—Occasional
along the Rocky Missouri River bluffs, near Pixleys and along Brush
Creek. May-June.

CUCURBITACEAE 181

FAMILY 120. VALERIANACEAE Batsch.

Herbs with opposite leaves, no stipules and panicled or cymose flowers.
Calyx superior. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, its limb 5-lobed. Sta-
mens 1-4, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled,
one of the cells containing one ovule, the other empty.

1. VALERIANELLA Poll. Corn SALapD.

Annual branching herbs with cymose clustered white (in ours) flowers.
Calyx minutely 4-5-toothed. Stamens three.

Fruit 1’” long. 1. V. radiata.
Fruit 3//-}/” long. 2. V. stenocarpa.

1. V. radiata (L.) Dufr. 6/-12’ high: leaves oblong-lanceolate, den-
tate: fruit ovate-tetragonal, the empty cavities as thick as the fertile one
and separated by a broad, shallow groove.—Along gravelly streams near
Adams and west of Lee’s Summit. May-June.

2. V. stenocarpa (Engelm.) Krok. Like the last but smaller: fruit
oblong-tetragonal, the empty cavities narrower than the fertile one, and
separated by a narrow groove.—Occurs locally in barrens throughout the
southwestern part, especially west of Lee’s Summit. May-June.

FamILy 121. CUCURBITACEAE B. Juss.

Climbing tendril-bearing herbs with alternate petioled leaves and mon-
oecious or dioecious flowers. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals usually five, sepa-
rate or united, inserted on the tube of the calyx. Stamens three, two
with 2-celled anthers, the other with a 1-celled anther, the anthers usu-
ally more or less united. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled. Fruit a pepo.

Flowers large, yellow. 1. CUcURBITA.
Flowers small, whitish.

Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. 2. SICYos.

Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled. 3. MICRAMPELIS.

1. CUCURBITA L.

Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Ovary oblong
with 3-5 parietal, many-ovuled placentae.

1. C. foetidissima H.B.K. WILD PUMPKIN. 3°-15° long, scabrous-
hirsute: leaves triangular-cordate, serrulate : flowers 2/-4’ long.—Spar-
ingly adventized at Sheffield, near Waldo Park, and at Little Blue Tank.
June-July.

2. SICYOS L.

Staminate flowers corymbose, the fertile in capitate clusters. Calyx
5-toothed. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-parted. Fruit indehiscent, prickly.

1. S. angulatus L. ONx-sEEDED BUR CUCUMBER. High climbing,
pubescent: leaves orbicular, 5-lobed or 5-angled, denticulate : fruit cov-
ered with stinging spines. Often common in low woods. August—
October.

182 CAMPANULACEAE

3. MICRAMPELIS Raf. WILD BALSAM APPLE.

Ours with corymbose-paniculate staminate flowers and usually solitary
pistillate flowers. Fruit spiny, dehiscent at summit. Calyx and corolla
each with 5-6 divisions. Stamens three.

1. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene. High-climbing, nearly glabrous:
leaves sharply 5-lobed, denticulate.—Along streams, especially along the
Missouri River. Not uncommon. July—October.

Famity 122. CAMPANULACEAE Juss.

Herbs with alternate, non-stipulate leaves and perfect flowers. Calyx
and corolla each with five segments, the latter regular or irregular.
Stamens five, inserted on the corolla, and alternate with its lobes, the
anthers separate or more or less cohering. Ovary inferior, 2-3-celled,
many-ovuled. Style solitary. Stigma 2-5-lobed. Fruit a capsule.

Corolla regular ; anthers separate.

Style long-exserted, declined and curved upward. 1. CAMPANULA.
Style straight. 2. SPECULARIA.
Corolla irregular ; anthers connate. 3. LOBELIA.

1. CAMPANULA L.

Capsule opening by 3-5 small valves. Flowers all complete. Ovary
3-celled. (Our species differs from typical species of Campanula in the
declined styleand rotate corolla and probably represents a distinct ge-
neric type, which is more closely related to Specularia than to Cum-
panula. )

1. C. Americana L. BELL FLOWER. Annual, 2°-7° high, pubescent :
leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, petioled: flowers in dense terminal
spikes: corolla rotate, blue, 1’ broad.—Common in rich woods. June-
August.

2. SPECULARIA Heist. VENus’ LOoKING GLass.

Differing from Campanula (as represented with us) chiefly in the earlier
flowers being cleistogamous. Flowers bluish-purple, axillary.

Leaves suborbicular. 1. S. perfoliata.
Leaves lanceolate. 2. 8. leptocarpa.

1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. 67-24’ high, hirsute: leaves cordate-
clasping, crenate-dentate: capsule oblong, opening near the middle.—
Common in dry soil. May-August.

2. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) A.Gray. 6/-24’ high, roughish : leaves ses-
sile, remotely serrate: capsule linear-cylindric, opening near the top.—
Locally common in barrens from Brush Creek to Pixleys and southward.
May-July.

3. LOBELIA L.

Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip with 2 erect lobes, the lower 3-cleft,

spreading. Some of the anthers bearded, unequal. Capsule 2-celled.

CICHORIACEAE 183

Flowers red. 1. L. cardinals.
Flowers blue.
Flowers nearly 1’ long. 2. L. syphilitica,
Flowers less than 6’’ long.
Plant nearly glabrous. 3. L. spicata leptostachys.
Plant hairy. 4. L. inflata.

1. L. cardinalis L. CARDINAL FLoweR. 1°-5° high, glabrous:
leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed: flowers (1’ or more long) in devse
spike-like racemes.—In moist woods near Westport, Leeds, Sheffield,
Dodson and Grain Valley. Not common. August-September.

2. L. syphilitica L. 1°-3° high, somewhat hairy : leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, denticulate: flowers in dense spike-like racemes: calyx tube with
large, deflexed auricles in the sinuses.—Common in moist places. July—
September.

3. L. spicata leptostachys (A. DC.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb.
1°-3° high, puberulent : stems leafy below, simple, prolonged into a long
spike-like raceme : leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, obtuse : calyx of some
of the flowers at least with deflexed auricles in the sinuses.—Not uncom-
mon locally in dry soil throughout. June-July. (L. leptostachys A. DC.)

4. L. inflata L. INDIAN TosBacco. 1°-2° high, much branched:
leaves oblong-ovate, repand-dentate: flowers in short racemes: pods
inflated. —Common in dry woods. June-October.

FAMILY 123. CICHORIACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with milky juice, alternate leaves and flowers in involucrate
heads. Flowers all alike and perfect. Calyx superior, composed of bris-
tles or scales or wanting. Corolla tubular below and with a strap shaped,
5-toothed limb. Anthers five, connate around the style into a tube.
Ovary inferior. 1-celled, containing a single erect ovule. Style 2-cleft.
Fruit an achene. Receptacle naked in all ours.

Pappus of blunt scales. 1. CICHORIUM.
Pappus of plumose bristles. 2. TRAGOPOGON.
Pappus of non- plumose bristles.
Heads scapose.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Leaves not pinnatifid.
Heads not scapose.
Achenes flattened.
Flowers blue. 5
Flowers yellow ; achenes not beaked. 4
Flowers yellow ; achenes beaked. 5
Achenes columnar or terete.
Achenes long-heaked. 7 SITILIAS,
8
9

. TARAXACUM.
. NOTHOCALAIS.

Dw

. LACTUCA.
. SONCHUS.
. Lactuca.

Achenes beakless.
Plants leafless above.
Plants leafy to the flowers.

. HIERACIUM.
. NaBALUS.
1. CICHORIUM L.
Involucre double, the outer spreading, the inner erect. Achenes striate,
not beaked.

184 CICHORIACEAE

1. C.IntybusL. Caicory. Perennial, 1°-3° high, somewhat hairy:
- leaves lanceolate, runcinate-pinnatifid, the stem leaves clasping: flowers
blue.—Occasional in waste places in Kansas City and Independence.
July-September.

2. TRAGOPOGON L.

Involucral bracts in one series, subequal. Achenes ribbed, and long-
peaked, spinulose.

1. T. porrifolius L. OvysTeR PLANT. Biennial, 2°-3° high: leaves
linear-lanceolate, entire : heads 2’ broad: involucre longer than the purple
rays.—Rarely escaped from gardens in Independence ; also at Sheffield.
June-October.

3. TARAXACUM Mall.

Perennial herbs with yellow flowers solitary at the summit of hollow
scapes. Involucre double, the outer spreading, the inner erect. Achenes
angled and toothed, often spinulose above, long-beaked.

1. T. officinale Weber. DANDELION. Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid,
oblong in outline: outer involucral bracts reflexed: achenes greenish-
brown.—An abundant weed. April-June. ;

4. SONCHUS L. Sow THISTLE.
Ours are herbs with auriculate-clasping spiny-margined leaves and
corymbose-paniculate yellow heads of flowers. Involucral bracts imbri-
cated in several series. Achenes oval to linear, flattened and ribbed.

Involucre ylandular-pubescent. 1. S. arvensis.
Involucre glabrous.
Auricles of the leaves acute. 2. S. oleraceus.
Auriéles of the leaves rounded. 3. S. asper.

1. S.arvensis L. Perennial, 1°-3° high : leaves runcinate-pinnatifid :
heads 12’ high: achenes transversely wrinkled.—Rarely adventized near
Sheffield. June-September.

2. S. oleraceus L. Annual, 1°-5° high: leaves runcinate-pinnatifid :
heads 8’ high ; achenes transversely wrinkled.—Not uncommon in waste
places. June-September.

3. S. asper (L.) All. Annual, 1°-5° high: leaves from undivided to
pinnatifid, spinulosely dentate: heads 8’ high: achenes not transversely
wrinkled.—Common in waste places. June-September.

5. LACTUCA L. WILD LETTUCE.

Herbs with panicled heads of flowers. Involucre imbricated in several
series. Achenes oval to linear, narrowed above or beaked.

Flowers yellow ; achenes long-beaked.
Leaves spiny margined.
Heads 3/’-6’” high. 1.
Heads 7/’-9/ high. 2.
Leaves not spiny-margined.

L. virosa.
L. Ludoviciana,

CICHORIACEAE 185

Leaves not pinnatifid, 3. L. sagittifolia.

Leaves pinnatifid. 4. L. Canadensis.
Flowers blue ; achenes short-beaked. 5. L. pulchella.
Flowers blue; achenes beakless.

Leaves not pinnatifid. 6. L. villosa.

Leaves deeply lyrate-pinnatifid. %. L. Floridana.

1. L. virosa L. Prickty Lettuce. 1°-3° high : leaves irregularly
denticulate to sinuate-denticulate, clasping at base, spiny on midrib and
leaf margins: achenes striate, linear-ovate.—Has become a very abundant
weed in the last few years. July-September.

2. L. Ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. 2°-5° high: leaves oblong, clasping
at base, deeply pinnatifid : achenes oval.—Rarely found as a waif at Shef-
field. July-September.

3. L. sagittifolia Ell. 2°-10° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate, clasp-
ing at base, denticulate: achenes oval.—Not uncommon in dry soil.
June—October.

4. L. Canadensis L. Like the last, but leaves deeply sinuate-pinna-
tifid.— Abundant in dry soil. June—October.

5. L. pulchella (Pursh) DC. 1°-3° high, glabrous: leaves linear-
lanceolate, entire to runcinate-pinnatifid : achenes flat, lanceolate- oblong.
—Found as a waif at Sheffield. June-—September.

6. L. villosa Jacq. 2°-10° high, glabrous: leaves ovate, pointed,
denticulate, tapering or abruptly narrowed into a winged petiole, some-
times with one or two additional lobes at base: achenes oblong, thick,
little flattened.—In woods throughout, but not common. July—Sep-
tember.

7. L. Ploridana (L.) Gaertn. Like the last but leaves deeply lyrate-
pinnatifid.—Common in moist woods. July-September.

6. NOTHOCALAIS Greene.

Perennial herbs with linear-lanceolate, woolly, crisped-margined leaves,
and large heads of yellow flowers. Involucre imbricated in several series.
Achenes fusiform, 10-striate. Pappus composed of narrow scales mixed
with bristles.

1. N. cuspidata (Pursh) Greene. FALSE DANDELION. 1° high from
a thickened caudex.—Not uncommon in barrens throughout the south-
western part. April-May.

7. SITILIAS Raf.

Perennial herbs with large heads of yellow flowers. Principal in-
volucral bracts in one series, with smaller ones at base. Achenes fusi-
form, 5-ribbed, tipped with a long filiform beak. Pappus brownish,
surrounded at base by a soft-villous ring.

1. S. Caroliniana (Walt.) Raf. FALSE DANDELION. 1°-3° high,
branched : leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire to pinnatifid—Found as a
waif along the railroad near Dodson. June-September.

186 AMBROSIACEAE

8. HIERACIUM L.

Peronnigi herbs with corymbose-paniculate yellow flowers. Involucre
cylindric and scarcely imbricated (in ours). Achenes ribbed, beakless,
and fusiform (in ours). Pappus of brownish bristles.

1. H. longipilum Torr. PRAIRIE HAWKWEED. 1°-3° high, naked
above: leaves oblong-spatulate, entire: stems and leaves densely very
long-pubescent : involucre and peduncles glandular-bristly.—Prairies
around Lee’s Summit. Rare and local. July-September.

9. NABALUS Cass

Leafy-stemmed perennial herbs with (in ours) greenish- white, racemose-
paniculate flowers. Involucre cylindric, the bracts in a single row, with
smaller bractlets at base. Achenes linear-oblong, striate, not contracted
above. Pappus of copious bristles.

1. N. asper (Michx.) Torr. & Gray. WHITE LErtucE. 2°-6° high,
rough-pubescent : leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, toothed : heads erect,
12-25-flowered, in a strict inflorescence : involucre hirsute-pubescent.—
Not uncommon in dry woods and prairies throughout the southwestern
part. August-September.

Famizty 124. AMBROSIACEAE Reichenb.

Herbs with greenish flowers in involucrate heads, the staminate and
pistillate flowers in the same or in different heads. Receptacle chaffy.
Pistillate flowers with no corolla or a very small one and a small calyx,
its limb entire or slightly toothed, adnate to the summit of the 1-celled,
l-ovuled ovary. Staminate flowers with a 4-5-lobed corolla. Stamens
five, the anthers nearly separate.

Both kinds of flowers in the same head. 1. Iva.
Flowers in different heads.
Involucre of pistillate flowers not prickly. 2. AMBROSIA.
Involucre of pistillate flowers very prickly. 3. XANTHIUM.

1. IVA L. MaArsH ELDER.

Herbs with mostly opposite leaves and greenish-white flowers in small
nodding heads. Involucral bracts few, roundish. Marginal flowers per-
fect, fertile. Disk flowers perfect, sterile.

Heads in axils of bracts. 1. I. ciliata.
Heads not bracted at base. 2. I. xanthiifolia.

1. I. ciliata Willd. Annual, rough-pubescent, 1°-4° high: leaves
ovate, petioled, dentate: bracts ciliate. Strongly resembles Ambrosia
trifida.—Low prairies. Very abundant locally near Atherton, Lake City,
Buckner and Levasy. Adventized at Kansas City. August-October.

2. I. xanthiifolia (Fresen.) Nutt. Annual, 2°-6° high, soft-pubes-
cent : leaves ovate-dentate, long-petioled, pale beneath, canescent : inflor-
escence paniculate-spicate.—Adventized in waste Biases at Kansas City
and Courtney. August-October.

AMBROSIACEAE 187

2. AMBROSIA L.

Herbs with alternate or opposite more or less lobed leaves. Staminate
heads numerous in spike-like racemes, the involucre 5-12-lobed and con-
taining from 5-20 flowers. Fertile involucres few, at the base of the
sterile, 1-flowered, tuberculate near the top.

Sterile heads sessile. j 1. A. bidentata.
Sterile heads short-pedicelled.
Leaves entire or 3-5-lobed. 2. A. trifida.
Leaves pinnately divided.
Annual. 3. A. artemisiaefolia.
Perennial. 4. A. psilostachya.

1. A. bidentata Michx. SOUTHERN RAGWEED. Annual, 1°-3° high,
hirsute : leaves lanceolate, sessile, alternate, with two lobes near the base:
one of the lobes of the staminate involucre extended into a long appen-
dage. —-Sparingly introduced south of the Union Depot in Kansas City and
at Sheffield. July-October.

2. A. trifida L. HorsewrEpD. Annual, rough-hairy, 2°-20° high :
leaves opposite, short-petioled, 3-lobed, serrate.—A very common weed.
The form with undivided leaves is not uncommon. July—October.

3. A. artemisiaefolia L. RAGWEED. HoGWEEpD. Annual, 1°-5°
high, pubescent: leaves thin: pistillate involucre with 4—6 spines.—Our
most abundant weed. July—October.

4. A. psilostachya DC. WESTERN RAGWEED. Perennial, 1°-3°
high, grayish-pubescent and rough: leaves thick: pistillate involucre
with very small spines or spineless.—Rather common in dry grounds
throughout. July—October.

3. XANTHIUM L. CocKLE-BuR.

Annuals with alternate, petioled, cordate-ovate, dentate, 3-nerved and
lobed leaves. Staminate heads in short racemes. Pistillate heads axil-
lary, 2-celled, 2-flowered, the involucre covered with hooked spines, 2-
beaked.

Spines of fruit 3’’ long or less.

Fruit 6’/-9” long. 1. X. Strumarium.
Fruit 8’’-12’’ long. 2. X. Canadense.
Spines of fruit 5’” long. 3. X. speciosum.

1. X. Strumarium L. Fruit 6-9’ long, contracted at base, slender,
puberulent : spines loosely disposed, 1’’-23’ long, exceeded by the nearly
straight spreading beaks.—Occasional in waste places. August-October.

2. X. Canadense Mill. Fruit 8/’-12’” long, rounded at base, sub-
glabrate to hairy: spines thickly disposed, 14/’-3’’ long, usually exceeded
by the stout incurved beaks.—Common in waste places. August-October.

Var. echinatum Gray. Fruit strongly hispid.—Frequent with the type.

3. X. speciosum Kearney. Fruit 10/’-12” long, hairy : spines slen-
der, thickly disposed, 3-5’ long, often exceeding the slender nearly
straight beaks.—Bottoms near Courtney. August-October.

188 COMPOSITAE

FAMILY 125. COMPOSITAE Adans.

Herbs with non-stipulate leaves. Flowers on a common receptacle,
subtended by an involucre and forming heads. Receptacle naked, chaffy
or pitted. Calyx tube united with the ovary, its limb obsolete or con-
sisting of bristles, scales, ete. Corolla tubular, 5-cleft, that of the margi-
nal flowers often expanding into a ray. Stamens five, their anthers
syngenesious. Ovary 1-celled, inferior, containing a single erect ovule.

Style 2-cleft.

Flowers all tubular.

Receptacle not chaffy or bristly. I.
Receptacle chaffy or bristly II.
Some flowers with rays.
Receptacle not chaffy or bristly.
Flowers yellow. HI.
Flowers not yellow. IV.
Receptacle chaffy or bristly.
Flowers yellow. Vv.
Flowers not yellow. Vi.
I.
Involucral bracts in several series.
Flowers white or purplish.
Flowers all perfect ; bracts not scarious.
Heads subtended by sessile bracts. 2. ELEPHANTOPUS.
Heads not subtended by sessile bracts.
Achenes 5 angled, not ribbed. 3. EUPATORIUM.
Achenes 8-10-ribbed.
Pappus double, outer shorter than the inner.
1. VERNONIA.
Pappus single. j
Flowers white. 4. Kunntia.
Flowers rose purple. 5. LACINARIA.
Flowers not all perfect ; bracts scarious.
Plant dioecious. 15. ANTENNARIA.
Plant not dioecious. 16. GNAPHALIUM.
Flowers yellowish.
Involucral bracts not glutinous.
Heads corymbose. 40. TANACETUM.
Heads paniculate or spicate-paniculate, 41. ARTEMISIA.
Involucral bracts strongly glutinous. 7. GRINDELIA.
Involucral bracts in one series.
Vile-smelling plants. 42. ERECHTITES.

Plants without a perceptible odor. 43. MESADENIA.
II.
Pappus of 2-6 teeth or awns.
Inner involucral bracts separate. 30. BIDENS.
Inner involucral bracts united to middle. 31. THELESPERMA.
Pappus of few—many bristles.
Plants prickly. 46. CARDUUS.
Plants not prickly.
Involucre covered with hooked bristles. 45. ARCTIUM.
Involucre not covered with bristles. 47. CENTAUREA,

COMPOSITAE

III.

Involucre dotted with oil glands.
Involucre not dotted with oil glands.
Pappus none.
Pappus of 5-8 scales.
Pappus of 2-3 awns.
Pappus a short crown.

Pappus of disk flowers of capillary bristles.

Bracts in a single series.
Bracts strongly imbricated.
Heads 1’ or more broad.
Leaves spinulosely serrate.
Leaves not spinulosely serrate.
Heads 6’7 or less broad.
Pappus of 5-8 bristle-like chaff.

Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
Disk flowers more numerous than ray

flowers.

Ray flowers more numerous than disk

flowers.

IV.
Pappus none.
Pappus of 2-4 bristles and short scales.
Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
Rays not the width of the disk.
Rays longer than the disk.
Involucre imbricated in 1-2 rows.
Involucre imbricated in 2-several rows.

y.

Disk flowers not ripening seeds.
Achenes wing-margined.
Achenes wingless.

Disk flowers ripening seeds.
Leaves opposite.

Achenes 3-4 sided.

Ray flowers fertile.
Ray flowers not fertile.

Achenes strongly flattened.

Pappus of two small teeth or none.
Pappus of 2-6 barbed bristles.
Leaves alternate.

Receptacle conic or columnar.
Achenes 4-angled or terete.
Achenes flat, wing-margined.

Receptacle flat to low conic.

Pappus of two small scales or awns.
Achenes not winged.
Achenes winged.

Pappus of 6-12 scales. -

Involucral bracts not strongly fimbrillate.
Rays reddish-purple.
Rays white.
Disk flowers not ripening seeds.

12.

189

BoEBERA.

. FLAVERIA.

. HELENIUM.
. GRINDELIA.
. TANACETUM.
. SENECIO.

. PRIONOPSIS.
. INULA.

. AMPHIACHYRIS.

. SOLIDAGO.

, EUTHAMIA.

. CHRYSANTHEMUM.
. BOLTONIA.

. LEPTILON.

. ERIGERON.

ASTER.

. SILPHIUM.
. ENGELMANNIA.

. HELIOPSIS,
. HELIANTHUS.

. CORKOPSIS.
. BIDENS.

. RUDBECKIA.
. RATIBIDA.

. HELIANTHUS.
. VERBESINA.
. GAILLARDIA.

. BRAUNERIA.

190 COMPOSITAE

Stem leaves opposite. 18. POLYMNIA.

Leaves alternate. 21. PARTHENIUM.
Disk flowers ripening seeds.

Leaves not pinnatifid.

Pappus none or minute. 23. ECLIPTA.
Pappus of disk flowers of 4-6 fimbriate
scales. 32. GALINSOGA.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Heads less than 4”” broad, 37. ACHILLEA.
Heads much more than 4” broad. 38. , ANTHEMIS.
Involucral bracts strongly fimbrillate. 47. CENTAUREA.

1. VERNONIA Schreb. IRONWEED.

Leaves alternate. Heads cymose-paniculate, many-flowered. Flowers
purple.

Bracts of involucre with filiform tips. 1. V. erinita.
Bracts of involucre not filiform-tipped.
Leaves linear-lanceolate. 2. V. fasciculata,
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
Leaves little pubescent beneath. 3. V. maxima.
Leaves strongly pubescent beneath. 4. V. interior.

1. V. crinita Raf. 4°-8° high, glabrate to downy: leaves lanceolate,
dentate to denticulate : heads 50-70-flowered.—Oue clump on the prairie
near Waldo Park. Probably a waif. July—October.

2. V. fasciculata Michx. 3°-7° high, pubescent or glabrate : leaves
linear-lanceolate, finely serrate, thick, 3//-8/’ broad: heads 20-30-flow-
ered, 2’ broad: scales acute or obtuse, appressed.—Occasional in low
grounds throughout, but abundant in the northeastern part. August-
October.

3. V. maxima Small. 4°-10° high, pubescent or glabrate: leaves
lanceolate, sharply serrate, thin, broader than the last: heads like the
last, but scales acute to mucronate.—In low grounds especially along the
Missouri River. Possibly only a low ground form of the next. July-
October. .

4. V. interior Small. Resembles number 3, but leaves usually densely
pubescent beneath : heads 3’ broad : involucral scales appressed.— A bun-
dant in dry grounds throughout. June-October. Our most common
species.

Var. Drummondii (Shuttlw.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Heads
4’’-6” broad.—Common in dry grounds especially in the southern part.
(V. Drummondi Shuttlw. )

Var. Baldwinii (Torr.) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. Heads 3/
broad : scales of involucre spreading or recurved.—Dry woods at Swope
Park. Notcommon. (V. Baldwinii Torr.)

2. ELEPHANTOPUS L.

Heads 2-5-flowered, several together forming bracted glomerules.
Pappus of a few awn-like bristles.

COMPOSITAE 191

1. HE. Carolinianus Willd. ELEPHANT’s Foor, 1°-2}° high, pubes-
cent: leaves basal and cauline, obovate-spatulate, petioled, crenate.—
Locally common in rich woods around Atherton, and along the Mis-
souri River bluffs between Rock and Sugar Creeks.

3. BUPATORIUM L. THoROUGHWoRT.
Heads cymose-paniculate. Involucre imbricated.

Flowers purplish.

Flowers white.
Leaves connate-perfoliate.
Leaves petioled.

1. E. maculatum.
2
Heads 5-flowered. 3. E. altissimum.
4
5

. E. perfoliatum.
Heads 10-many- flowered.

Involucral scales in 2-3 rows.
Involucral scales in one row.

. E. serotinum.
. E. ageratoides.

1. B. maculatum L. Joz-PYyE WEED. 2°-7° high: leaves in whorls
of 3-6, petioled, ovate-lanceolate, serrate, pubescent: inflorescence
flattish.— Abundant in rich woods. July-September.

2. E. perfoliatum L. BONESET. 2°-6° high, hairy : leaves opposite,
lanceolate, acuminate, serrate: heads 10-15-flowered.—Common in low
grounds throughout the northeastern part and occasional elsewhere.
July-September.

3. E. altissimum L. 3°-8° high, pubescent: leaves lanceolate, taper-
ing to the base, serrate above, strongly 3-nerved.—Common in sunny
grounds. July-September.

4. E. serotinum Michx. 3°-7° high, pubescent: leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, slender-petioled, sharply serrate, 3-nerved.—Local in low
grounds near Sheffield, Courtney, Greenwood and Grain Valley. August-
September.

5. E. ageratoides L. WHITE SNAKEROOT. 1°-3° high, smoothish :
leaves ovate, acuminate, slender-petioled, sharply serrate.—A form with
strongly tomentose stem is frequent. Abundant in woods. July—Oc-
tober.

4. KUHNIA L.

Perennial herbs with alternate resinous-dotted leaves. Pappus plu-
mose. Anthers hardly syngenesious.

1. K. glutinosa Ell. FALSE BONESET. 1°-3° high, tomentulose-
pubescent : leaves lanceolate, sharply but remotely serrate : heads 6’/-8’’
high : outer bracts subulate-acuminate : pappus white.—Not uncommon
in dry soil throughout, and abundant in the southern part. July—Oc-
tober.

5. LACINARIA Hill. Buazine STAR.

Perennial herbs from tubers, with narrow leaves, and showy spicate-
racemose heads. Pappus barbellate to plumose.
Heads 15-16-flowered.

Involucral bracts acuminate. 1. ZL. squarrosa intermedia.
Involucral bracts rounded. 2. L. scariosa.

192 COMPOSITAE

Heads 3-6-flowered.

Tips of involucral bracts erect 3. L. punctata.

Tips of involucral bracts spreading. 4. L. pyenostachya.

1. L. squarrosa intermedia (Lindl.) Porter. 1°-23° high, hairy :
heads few, 4/’-5’” wide: tips of involucral bracts spreading —Locally
common on dry hills near Lee’s Summit and Dodson, July-September.

2. L. scariosa (L.) Hill. 2°-5° high : leaves oblong-ovate to linear-
lanceolate: heads numerous: tips of involucral bracts not spreading,
purple-margined.—Not uncommon in dry grounds, especially in the
southern part. July-September.

3. L. punctata (Hook.) Kuntze. 6/-30’ high: heads numerous: invo-
lucral bracts cuspidate or acuminate : pappus very plumose.—Native west
of Lee's Summit in rocky barrens ; found as a waif near Sheffield. July—
September.

4. L. pycnostachya (Michx.) Kuntze. 2°-5° high : heads numerous:
involucral bracts acute: pappus merely barbellate.—Frequent on prai-
ries, especially in the southern part. July-September.

6. AMPHIACHYRIS DC.

Glutinous annuals with alternate linear leaves, and numerous heads of
small yellow flowers. Pappus of ray flowers nearly obsolete. Ray flow-
ers only perfecting seeds. Achenes hairy. ;

1. A. dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. YELLOW WEED. 6/-23° high,
much branched.—Abundant in dry soil throughout the southern part.
July—October.

7. GRINDELIA Willd.

Leaves sessile, alternate, spinulosely dentate. Involucral bracts imbri-
cated, with spreading tips. Receptacle naked.

1. G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Gum PLANT. 1°-3° high, glabrous,
glutinous: leaves oblong-spatulate : achenes not toothed.—Occasionally
adventized along railroads at Kansas City. August-September.

Var. nuda (Wood) A. Gray. Rays wanting.—With the type.

8. PRIONOPSIS Nutt.

Differs from Grindelia chiefly in the pappus being composed of unequal
deciduous bristles. Mature achenes glabrous.

1. P. ciliata Nutt. 2°-4° high : leaves ovate, obtuse, spinulosely ser-
rate: involucral bracts glabrous, slightly spreading : heads 12//-15/
broad.—Adventized along railroads at Kansas City ; also occurs near
Greenwood, where it is possibly native. July-September.

9. SOLIDAGO L. GoLDEN Ron.

Perennial herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. Involucre imbri-
cated in several series. _ Receptacle pitted. Ray flowers pistillate. Disk
flowers perfect. :

COMPOSITAE 1938

Involucral scales with spreading tips. 1. S. petiolaris.
Involucral scales appressed.
Heads in axillary clusters. 2. S. flexicaulis.
Heads in a terminal corymb. 3. S. rigida.

Heads paniculate.
Leaves not strongly 3-nerved.
Panicle branches ascending.

Lower leaves ovate. 4. S. speciosa.
Lower leaves lanceolate. 5. S. rigidiuscula.
Panicle branches recurved-spreading.
Stems glabrate or sparingly hairy. 6. S. ulmifolia.
Stems strongly hairy. 7. S. rugosa.
Leaves strongly 3-nerved.
Stems glabrous.
Branches of panicle puberulent. 8. S. serotina.
Branches of panicle glabrous. 9. S. Missouriensis.
Stems pubescent or scabrous.
Leaves sharply se:rate to entire. 10. S. Canadensis.
Leaves crenate to entire.
Heads 2}” high. 11. S. nemoralis.
Heads 3” high. 12. S. longipetiolata.

1. S. petiolaris Ait. 1°-3° high, pubescent : leaves oblong-lanceolate,
short-petioled, sharply serrate : heads 3/4” high, in a compound thyrse:
rays about ten.—Abundant in a rocky wood, just north of Roanoke, Kan-
sas City. August-September.

2. S. flexicaulis L. Stems 1°-3° high, glabrous, zigzag: leaves ovate,
petioled, sharply serrate: heads 3” high: rays 3 or 4.—In rich woods
around Sibley. Local. August-September.

3. S.rigida L. 2°-5° high, roughish-pubescent: leaves oblong-ovate,
thick, serrulate, the lower petioled, the upper sessile: heads 4’/-5’” high :
rays 6-10.—Not uncommon in dry soil, especially in the southern part.
August-September.

4. S. speciosa Nutt. 2°-5° high, glabrous: leaves ovate, serrulate,
petioled : heads 3’’-4” high, very numerous in a large compound thyrse :
rays about five-—Abundant locally in the bluffs east of Dodson ; also
north of Lee’s Summit. Very handsome. September—October.

5. S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter. Like the last but leaves nar-
rower: thyrse narrower and less branching, 1/-3’ wide, 3/-6’ long.—
Found on the prairies near Buckner, and as a waif near Dodson. Sep-
tember—October.

6. S. ulmifolia Muhl. Stem 1°—-4° high, smooth or slightly pubescent :
leaves thin, oblong-ovate, often 4/-5’ long, sharply serrate, somewhat
rough above, petioled, hairy: heads 2’’-3’ high: rays about four.—
Abundant in dry woods throughout. August-October.

7. S. rugosa Mill. Close to No. 6, but stem strongly sche
leaves thick, very rough above, 3’ or less long: panicle branches more
numerous.—Dry woods from Courtney to Sibley.

8. S. serotina Ait. 13°-6° high, glabrous: leaves lanceolate, thin-
nish, sharply serrate, rough-margined, smooth or slightly pubescent be-

18

194 COMPOSITAE

neath : heads 2//-3’ high: scales of involucre thin: rays 7-15.—Common
in low grounds along the Missouri River. July-September.

9. S. Missouriensis Nutt. 1°-3° high, glabrous throughout: leaves
linear-Janceolate, thick, entire or strongly serrate: heads 2/’-3’ high:
scales of involucre thick: rays 6-13.—Not uncommon locally on dry
prairies throughout the southern part. July-September.

10. S. Canadensis L. 3°-6° high, finely pubescent: leaves lanceo-
late, sharply serrate, roughish above, pubescent beneath: rays 9-15.—
Very common in dry grounds throughout. August-September.

Var. scabriuscula Porter. Leaves very rugose beneath, somewhat
shorter than the type.—Frequent along the Missouri River bluffs, espe-
cially around Courtney.

Var. procera (Ait.) T. & G. Leaves cinereous pubescent, especially
beneath.—Common on a rocky hill near Pixleys.

11. S. nemoralis Ait. 1°-3° high, grayish-pubescent: leaves ob-
lanceolate to oblong-spatulate, crenate-toothed, more or less roughish,
and appressed grayish-pubescent: inflorescence usually not one-sided :
rays.7-10, less than 1’’ long.—Not uncommon in dry grounds, especially
in the southern part. Very variable. August-September.

12. S. longipetiolata Mackenzie & Bush, u. sp. 10/-24’ high, canes-
cent, green: lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, long petioled, short crenate
to entire, appressed-pubescent on both sides: inflorescence strongly one-
sided: rays 3-10, over 13’ long.—Frequent in dry ground throughout the
southwestern part. August—October.

10. BUTHAMIA Nutt.

Perennial herbs with linear to linear-lanceolate leaves. Heads numerous
ina flat-topped cyme. Involucie imbricated. Receptacle fimbrillate. Ray
flowers pistillate. Disk flowers perfect.

1. B. graminifolia (L.) Nutt. GoLpEN Rop. 2°-4° high, nearly
glabrous: leaves 3-5-nerved : rays 12-20.—Frequent on prairies through-
out, especially in the southern part. August-September.

11. BOLTONIA L’Her.

Perennial herbs with alternate entire leaves. Involucral bracts imbri-
cated. Receptacle naked. Ray flowers pistillate. Disk flowers perfect.
Achenes flat, with thickened margins.

1. B. asteroides (L.) L’Her. Swamp AstER. 4°-8° high, glabrous:
leaves lanceolate, sessile: flowers very numerous, white: involucral
bracts lanceolate to spatulate, obtuse to mucronate.—Abundant locally in
low grounds throughout the northern part. August-October.

12. ASTER L.

Perennial herbs with alternate leaves and corymbose or paniculate in-
florescences. Ray flowers pistillate. Disk flowers fertile. Receptacle
flat. Achenes flattened.

COMPOSITAE 195

Lower leaves cordate, petioled.

Leaves entire. 1. A. azureus.
Leaves serrate.
Heads 2/-3” high. 2. A. cordifolius.
Heads 3/’-5” high.
Stems densely finely canescent. 3. A. Drummondii.
Stems glabrous or nearly so. 4. A. sagittifolius.
Stem leaves cordate-clasping.
Stems rough-hairy.
Plants 3°-8° high. 5. A. Novae-Angliae.
Plants 2° or less high. 6. A. oblongifolius.
Stems glabrous.
Leaves oblong lanceolate to ovate. 7. A. laevis.
Leaves linear-lanceolate. 8. A. concinnus.
Stem leaves not cordate or cordate-clasping.
Leaves silvery on both sides. 9. A. sericeus.
Leaves not silvery.
Stem leaves linear.
Stems rough-pubescent. 10. A. exiguus.
Stems glabrous to villous.
Heads 3/’-4’” broad. 11. A. parviceps.
Heads 4/’-6’ broad. 12. A. ericoides pilosus.
Stem leaves lanceolate.
Heads not one-sided on the branches.
Stems glabrous or nearly so.
Rays violet. 13. A. salicifolius.
Rays white.
Rays 3/’-4” long. 14. A. paniculatus.
Rays 2/’-3” long. 15. A. Tradescanti.
Stems finely canescent. 16. A. Missouriensis.
Heads strongly one sided on the branches. 17. A. lateriflorus.

1. A. azureus Lind]. 1°-3° high, rough or smooth : lower leaves ovate-
cordate to lanceolate, rough, the upper linear to lanceolate : involucral
scales strongly green-tipped : rays 10-26, bright blue.—Not uncommon in
dry places throughout the southern part. September—October.

2. A. cordifolius L. 1°-4° high: lower leaves ovate-cordate, the upper
ovate to lanceolate: heads 2’-3’” high: bracts obtusish to acute: rays
10-20, bluish. This and the next two species freely intergrade with us.
—Abundant in woods. September—October.

3. A. Drummondii Lindl. Distinguished from the last chiefly by
being finely and densely canescent all over and having heads 3’’-5” high :
bracts more acute.—Frequent in dry woods, especially in the southern
part. September-October.

4. A. sagittifolius Willd. Like A. Drummondii, but whole plant
nearly glabrous and involucral scales looser.—Dry oak woods near Dod-
son. September—October.

5. A. Novae-Angliae L. Stems hairy: leaves lanceolate, entire,
pubescent : involucral scales spreading, glandular-viscid : rays 40-50,
violet-purple, 6/7 long.—In moist grounds throughout, but uncommon.
August-October.

6. A. oblongifolius Nutt. Stems glandular-puberulent : leaves ob-

196 COMPOSITAE

long, entire, hispidulous, rough-margined: involucral scales appressed or
spreading : rays 20-30, violet-purple, 4/” long.—Often common in bar-
rens in the southern part. September—October.

7. A. laevis L. 2°-3° high: leaves entire or serrate, rough-mar-
gined : involucral scales close, green-tipped : heads 1’ broad : rays 15-30,
blue.—Frequent in dry grounds throughout the southern part. Septem-
ber—October.

8. A. concinnus Willd. Closely resembles the last but the plant is
taller and the leaves elongated linear-lanceolate.—Dry woods, especially
around Dodson. September-October.

9. A. sericeus Vent. 1°-2° high, glabrous: leaves oblong-lanceolate,
sessile, entire: involucral scales loose, spreading, canescent: heads 18/
broad: rays violet-blue.—Rarely found on rocky prairies near Lee’s
Summit. August—October.

10. A. exiguus (Fernald) Rydb. 1°-2° high, much branched :
leaves rigid, sessile, rough and ciliate-margined : heads very numerous,
3’/-4/’ broad: involucral tips spreading: rays white, 10-20.—Often
abundant in dry'soil. August—October.

11. A. parviceps (Burgess) Mackenzie & Bush, n. comb. 1°-3°
high, glabrous, bushy-branched : leaves short-linear, acute, entire, rough,
with short very few-flowered branches in their axils: leaves of branches
scale-like : heads small, numerous, not crowded : rays 10-20, white, 1//-
2’’ long.—Common on 4 low prairie one mile south of Dodson ; also at
Lake City and Courtney. September—October. (A. ericoides parviceps
Burgess. )

12. A. ericoides pilosus ( Willd.) Porter. 1°-3° high, hairy : basal
leaves spatulate : stem leaves linear: inflorescence paniculate : heads 6’”
wide: rays 15-20, white, 3” long : involucral scales conspicuously green-
tipped.—Dry woods west of Lee’s Summit. September—October.

13. A. salicifolius Lam. 2°-6° high : leaves lanceolate, rough, sessile,
thickish, sharply serrate : heads numerous, panicled, 8-12’ broad : rays
numerous, 3’-4/” long, violet, rarely white.—Common in open woods
throughout. August-October.

Var. subasper (Lindl.) A. Gray. Stems and leaves scabrous : inflores-
cence more contracted.—In similar situations, but less common.

14. A. paniculatus Lam. 2°-8° high : leaves lanceolate, rough-mar-
gined, sessile, sharply serrate: heads as in the last, but rays white.—
Very abundant in low grounds. August-October.

15. A. Tradescanti L. Closely resembles A. paniculatus, but heads
only 5’’-8” broad, and rays 2’”-3’” long —In moist grounds near Shef-
field and Grain Valley. Common locally. August—October.

16. A. Missouriensis Britton. 1°-3° high, puberulent: leaves spatu-
late to oblanceolate, sharply serrate above the middle, or entire, tapering
to a winged petiole at base or sessile: heads 4/’-7’” broad, terminating
short leafy branches or panicled: rays white, 14/”-2}/ long. — Very

COMPOSITAE 197

abundant in low woods, especially along the Missouri River. September-
October.

17. A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. 1°-3° high, glabrate: branches
puberulent : leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3’ long, sparingly serrate,
sessile or nearly so: heads 3/’-4’’ broad, one-sided on the branches of a
large panicle: rays white, 1’-14/’ long.—Bluff woods near Sibley.
Septem ber—October.

12. ERIGERON L. FLEABANE.

Ours are herbs with corymbose-paniculate, long-peduncled heads of
flowers. Leaves alternate. Involuoral scaies subequal, in one or two
series. Ray flowers pistillate. Disk flowers fertile. Achenes flattened,
2-nerved.

Stem leaves clasping, thin. 1. E. Philadelphicus.
Stem leaves not clasping.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed. 2. E. annuus.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire. 3. E. ramosus.

1. H. Philadelphicus L. Perennial, 1°-2° high, hairy : leaves spatu-
late to obovate, toothed : heads not numerous : rays 100-150, light rose-
purple : pappus simple.—Rather common in moist woods. May-June.

2. HE. annuus (L.) Pers. Annual, 1°-4° high, closely pubescent :
heads numerous: rays 40-70, white: pappus double.—Very abundant in
fields. May-August.

3. HE. ramosus ( Walt.) B.S.P. Resembles the last, but pubescence
more appressed and leaves narrower and usually entire.—Abundant in
dry fields. May—August.

14. LEPTILON Raf.

Annual herbs with alternate leaves. Involucre in 1-2 series. Ray
flowers pistillate. Disk flowers fertile. Achenes flattened. Pappus
simple.

Plants tall and erect. 1. L. Canadense.
Plants diffusely spreading. 2. L. divaricatum.

1. L. Canadense (L.) Britton. Horst WEED. 1°-8° high, pubes-
cent : lower leaves spatulate, sparingly toothed, the upper linear, entire :
heads numerous, panicled, small: rays whitish. A very common weed.
June—October.

2. L. divaricatum (Michx.) Raf. Low Horse WEED. 3/-12/ high,
strigose-pubescent : leaves linear to awl-shaped: heads corymbose : rays
purplish-white.—Occurs locally in sandy fields throughout the county.
June-October.

15. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. EVERLASTING. INDIAN TOBACCO.

Woolly perennial herbs with clustered, basal leaves and alternate
caaline leaves, and capitate or corymbose divecious heads of flowers.
Involucral bracts imbricated, scarious margined.

198 COMPOSITAE

Mature basal leaves 9’”-24’ wide. 1. A. occidentalis.
Mature basal leaves 3’’-6’’ wide. 2. A. campestris.

1. A. occidentalis Greene. Basal leaves ovate, 13/-2’ long, 9//-15/
wide, tapering into a petiole, 1’ long, strongly 3-5-nerved : stems 9-12’
high : heads corymbose.—Common in dry woods. April-May.

2. A. campestris Rydb. Basal leaves oblanceolate to obovate, thick,
3’’ wide, tapering at the base, not distinctly petioled, usually one-nerved,
1/ long : stemg 3’-12’ high.—In dry grounds throughout. Rather common.
April-May.

16. GNAPHALIUM L. EVERLASTING.

Woolly herbs with alternate Jeaves. Involucral bracts imbricated,

scarious. Outer flowers pistillate. Central flowers perfect.

Heads corymbose. 1. G. obtusifulium.
Heads spicate. 2. G. purpureum.

1. G. obtusifollum L. Annual, erect, 1°-3° high : leaves sessile,
lanceolate, undulate: pappus bristles distinct.—In dry woods through-
out, but rather rare. July—October.

2. G. purpureum L. Annual, erect, 6/-20/ high : leaves spatulate :
pappus bristles united below.—In dry fields near Courtney and Grain
Valley. Rare. May-July.

17. INULA L.

Coarse herbs. Involucre imbricated. Ray flowers pistillate. Disk
flowers perfect. Achenes 4-5-ribbed.

1. I. Helenium L. ELEcAMPANE. Perennial, 3°-6° high: leaves
ovate-oblong, downy beneath, denticulate : heads 2’/-4’ broad.—Common
locally along Spring Branch east of Independence; also near Court-
ney. July-September.

18. POLYMNIA L.

Perennial herbs with opposite leaves and corymbose flowers. Involu-
cral bracts in two series, the outer consisting of five large bracts, the inner
of numerous small ones, subtending the achenes. Pappus none.

1. P. Canadensis radiata A. Gray. LrarCup. 2°-5° high, viscid-
pubescent: leaves deltoid-ovate, denticulate, pinnatifid: rays five,
white, 3’ long, 3-lobed.—Common in rich rocky woods along the Mis-
souri River bluffs at Kansas City. June-September.

19. SILPHIUM L.

Stout perennial herbs with corymbose-paniculate flowers. Involucral
bracts imbricated. Ray flowers in 2-3 series. Achenes flat, 2-winged,
without pappus, or with two teeth confluent with the winged margins,

Leaves opposite..
Leaves strongly connate-perfoliate. 1. S. perfoliatum.
Leaves sessile merely. 2. S. integrifolium.
Leaves alternate. 3. S. laciniatum.

COMPOSITAE 199

1. S. perfoliatum L. Cup PLant. Stems 4°-8° high, square :
leaves ovate-cordate, coarsely toothed, scabrous: heads 2/-3’ wide.—
Common in moist grounds. June-September.

2. S. integrifolium Michx. RosIN WEED. Stems almost terete, 2°-5°
high : leaves ovate-lanceolate, denticulate, rough or smooth: heads 1/-2/
broad.—Common in dry grounds, mostly in the southern part. June-
September.

3. S. laciniatum L. Compass PLant. Stems terete, 3°-12° high,
rough: bristly : leaves largely basal, oblong-ovate in outline, pinnately
parted : heads 2’—4” broad.—Common on prairies, mostly in the southern
part. June—-September.

20. ENGELMANNIA T. &G.

Perennial herbs with alternate leaves and paniculate heads of flowers.
Outer involucral bracts about ten, linear, loose, the inner oval, appressed.
Rays 8-10. Achenes obovate. Pappus a short crown.

1. E. pinnatifida T. &G. 1°-2° high, hirsute: leaves oblong in out-
line, pinnatifid.—Has been found as a waif at Sheffield. June.

21. PARTHENIUM L.

Perennial herbs with alternate leaves and corymbose flowers. Involu-
cral bracts in 2-3 series, short, obtuse. Receptacle convex. Ray flowers
five, their ligules short. Achenes compressed, margined. Pappus of 2-3
scales.

1. P. integrifolium L. PrarrrE Dock. 1°-3° high, from thick root-
stocks, minutely pubescent to glabrous: leaves oval-oblong, crenately
toothed, rough : heads numerous.—Very rare in dry woods west of Lee’s
Summit and south of Raytown. July-September.

22. HELIOPSIS Pers.

Perennial herbs. Involucral scales in two or three rows, spreading.
Pappus none or a few teeth. Ray achenes three-sided. Disk achenes
four-sided.

1. H. scabra Dunal. FALSE SUNFLOWER. 2°-4° high, roughish :
leaves ovate, petioled, sharply serrate: heads 2’ broad.—Frequent in dry
grounds, especially in the southern part. June-September.

23. ECLIPTA L.
Diffusely spreading herbs. Leaves opposite. Involucral scales in two
series. Achenes of ray-flowers 3-sided, those in the disk compressed.
1. BE. alba (L.) Hassk. Mup WeEpD. Annual, roughish : leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, sessile, serrate : heads short-peduncled, 3’’-6’”” broad.—
Common in wet places along streams. July—October.

24. RUDBECKIA L. CONE-FLOWER.

Involucral scales in two rows, spreading. Achenes four-angled or ter-
ete. Pappus none, or a crown-like border, or of few smal] teeth.

200 COMPOSITAE

Stems hairy.
Leaves 3 lobed or parted.

Rays 8-12. 1. R. triloba.
Rays 15-20. 2. R. subtomentosa.
Leaves not 3-lobed or parted. 3. RB. hirta.
Stems smooth or nearly so.
Leaves pinnatifid. 4. R. laciniata.
Leaves cordate-clasping at base. 5. B. amplexicaulis.
Leaves oval, petioled. 6. RB. grandiflora.

1. R. triloba L. Much branched, 2°-5° high : heads 1’ broad : chaff
awn-pointed, smooth.—Abundant in rich woods. July-September.

2. R subtomentosa Pursh. 2°-6° high : upper leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, serrate : heads 2’-3/ broad, sweet-scented : chaff blunt, pubescent at
apex.— Rather common on prairies in thesouthern part July-September.

3. R. hirta L. NiaGer-HEAD. 1°-3° high: leaves oblong or lanceo-
late, usually nearly entire : involucral bracts large, spreading: heads 2/—
3’ broad : chaff acutish, hirsute at apex.—Possibly native in the southern
part, but commonly adventized in fields. June—September.

4. R. laciniata L. 2°-10° high: leaves slightly roughish: disk
greenish : heads 2/4’ broad : rays 6-10, drooping : chaff truncate, downy
at apex.—Common in low woods. July—October.

5. R. amplexicaulis Vahl. 1°-2}° high, almost glabrous: leaves
ovate-oblong, slightly toothed : heads 13/-2’ broad : rays few, brownish
at base.—Occurs sparingly as a waif in waste places in Kansas City.
June-July.

6. R. grandiflora C.C.Gmel. 2°-3° high : leaves nearly entire : heads
2/-3’ broad: rays 10-15, soon drooping.—Occurs sparingly as a waif
along railroads east of Sheffield. July.

25. RATIBIDA Raf. CONE-FLOWER.
Perennial, pinnately-leaved herbs. Rays drooping, 4-10. Chaff trun-
cate, canescent at apex. Pappus none or of one or two teeth.

Disk as thick as long. 1. R. pinnata.
Disk much longer than thick. 2. R. columnaris.

1. R. pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. 2°-6° high, appressed-hoary : leaf-
divisions 3-7, lanceolate : rays 14’ long, drooping.— Common on dry rocky
hills, especially in the southern part. June-September.

2. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don. 1°-3° high, strigose-pubescent :
leaf-divisions 4-9, linear: rays 3/ long, drooping.—Not infrequently
adventized along railroads, especially at Sheffield and Westport. June-
September.

26. BRAUNSERIA Neck. PuRPLE COoNE-FLOWER.

Involucral bracts imbricated. Receptacle conical. Rays drooping.
Chaff spiny-tipped, longer than the disk-flowers. Ray flowers neutral.
Disk-flowers perfect. Achenes quadrangular. Pappus a short crown.

COMPOSITAE 201

Leaves ovate, dentate. 1. B. purpurea.
Leaves lanceolate, entire. 2. B. pallida.

1. B. purpurea (L.) Britton. 2°-5° high, somewhat rough : leaves 5-
nerved, rounded at base, rough: rays rich crimson, 12/’-20’” long.—In
‘dry woods near Grain Valley. Rare and local. June-September.

2. B. pallida (Nutt.) Britton. 2°-3° high, rough-hispid : leaves 3-
nerved, attenuate at base, rough : rays pale crimson, 15’’-24/” long.—On
dry prairies throughout the southern part. Often abundant. May-July.

27. HELIANTHUS L. SuUN-FLOWER.
Stout herbs with long-peduncled heads of yellow flowers. Involucral
bracts in several rows. Ray flowers neutral. Disk flowers fertile. Pap-
pus of two deciduous awns.

Leaves long-linear or filiform. 1. H. orgyalis.
Leaves prevailingly lanceolate. ‘
Stems hispid. 2. H. Maximiliani.
Stems glabrous. 3. H. grosse-serratus.

Leaves prevailingly ovate to ovate-lanceolate.
Leaves mostly opposite.

Leaves cordate-clasping at base. 4. H. mollis.
Leaves petioled.
Leaves tapering at base. 5. H. scaberrimus.
Leaves rounded at base. 6. H. hirsutus.
Leaves mostly alternate.
Annuals.
Tnvolucral bracts lanceolate. V. H. petiolaris.
Involucral bracts ovate. 8. H. annuus.
Perennial. 9. H. tuberosus.

1. H. orgyalis DC. 2°-10° high, glabrous and glaucous, very leafy :
heads numerous, 13’ broad : involucral scales loose and spreadiug.—Very
abundant locally on high prairies and open hillsides from Dodson (rare)
to Hickman’s Mills and southwestward. August-September.

2. H. Maximiliani Schrad. 3°-12° high : leaves nearly entire, almost
sessile: involucral scales loose, strigose-pubescent.—Frequently adven-
tized along railroads, especially at Kansas City. July-September.

3. H. grosse-serratus Martens. 2°-15° high : leaves slender-petioled,
serrate, rough above, more or less canescent beneath : involucral scales
loose, ciliate.—Common, especially along prairie rills in the southern part.
July—October.

4. H. mollis Lam. 2°-5° high, densely hispid : leaves serrulate, sca-
brous above, finely pubescent beneath : involucral scales loose, soft-pubes-
cent.—Occurs locally in barrens near Lee’s Summit and Dodson ; also
occasionally adventized in waste places. July—October.

5. H scaberrimus Ell. 1°-4° high, scabrous: leaves petioled, serrate,
thick, rough on both sides: involucral scales appressed.—Common on dry
prairies in the southern part ; also occasionally adventized along railroads.
August-September.

202 COMPOSITAE

6. H. hirsutus Raf. 1°-6° high, bristly-hirsute to nearly glabrous :
leaves very variable in size, entire or serrate, very rough above, rough-
pubescent beneath : involucral scales loose, ciliate.-—Dry woods through-
out. Very abundant in the southern part. July-September.

7. H. petiolaris Nutt. 1°-6° high, strigose-hispid: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, entire or denticulate, rough: involucral scales lanceolate,
canescent.—Frequently introduced along railroads and in waste places.
Apparently native along the Missouri River. July—October.

8. H. annuus L. 2°-15° high, scabrous : leaves broadly ovate, serrate,
rough : heads 3/-12’ broad: involucral scales ciliate-—In waste places,
especially abundant around Kansas City. July-October.

9. H. tubercsus L. 4°-12° high, hirsute: leaves ovate-oblong, ser-
rate, petioled, rough above, pubescent beneath.—In low grounds through
out, running into but much less common than

Var. subcanescens A. Gray. Leaves white-canescent beneath.—
Abundant in low grounds. July—October.

28. VERBESINA L. Crown BEARD.

Involucral bracts imbricated in a few series. Ray flowers pistillate or
neutral. Disk flowers perfect. Leaves decurrent.

Stems 1°-2° high, whitish-canescent.: 1. V. encelioides,
Stems 3°-8° high, not whitish-canescent.
Leaves densely hairy beneath. 2. V. helianthoides.
Leaves slightly appressed-pubescent beneath. 3. V. alternifolia.

1. V. encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray. Annual : leaves ovate-lanceolate
petioled : heads 1’ broad : involucral scales canescent, erect.—Found as
a waif along roads northeast of Independence and at Courtney. May-June.

2. V. helianthoides Michx. Perennial : leaves ovate, sessile, serrate :
stem strongly winged: heads 2/-3’ broad: involucral scales rough,
erect.—Occurs locally in dry woods near Tarnsey, Lee’s Summit and
Westport. June-September.

3. V. alternifolia (L.) Britton. Perennial: leaves lanceolate, short-
petioled, serrate: stem winged: heads 12’/-20’’ broad: disk globose:
involucral scales much shorter than the flowers, soon deflexed.—Common
in rich woods.

29. COREOPSIS L. TIcKsEED.

Involucral bracts in two series, the outer spreading, the inner broader

and appressed. Ray flowers neutral. Disk flowers perfect.
Rays entire. 1. C. tripteris.
Rays 3-5-toothed.
Leaves 3-lobed. 2
Leaves pinnately parted.
Rays pure yellow. 3. C. grandiflora.
Rays brownish at base. 4. C. tinctoria.

1. C. tripteris L. Glabrous perennial, 4°-8° high: leaves petioled,

pinnately divided into 3-5 lanceolate entire leaflets : pappus none.—Not

. C. palmata.

COMPOSITAE 203

‘uncommon on dry hills, especially in the southwestern part. July—Sep-
tember.

2. C. palmata Nutt. Glabrous perennial, 1°-3° high: leaves 3-
lobed to below the middle, wedge-shaped at base, sessile: pappus none
or of two small teeth.—Frequent on prairies and in dry woods throughout
the southern part. May-July.

3. C. grandiflora Hogg. Glabrous perennial, 1°-3° high: leaf divi-
sions oblong or linear, entire: pappus of two small teeth: achene with
two prominent calluses on the inner side.—Adventized around Sheffield
and near Courtney, Atherton and Glendale. May-July.

4. C. tinctoria Nutt. Glabrous annual, 1°-3° high: leaf divisions
linear, entire : pappus of a small border or none.—Locally adventized at
Sheffield, Independence and Courtney. June-August.

30. BIDENS L.

Involucral bracts in two series, the outer usually large and foliaceous,
the inner erect. Ray flowers neutral. Disk flowers perfect. Our species
are annuals.

Rays large and conspicuous.
Leaves pinnately divided. 1. B. involucrata.
Leaves lanceolate, serrate. 2. B. cernua.
Rays very small or none.
Leaves not pinnately divided.
Stems purple. 3. B. connata.
Stems straw-colored. 4. B. acuta.
Leaves pinnately divided.
Achenes oval or obovate.

Outer involucral bracts 12-14. 5. B. vulgata.
Outer involucral bracts 8-11. 6. B. frondosa.
Achenes long-linear. 7. B. bipinnata.

1. B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britton. TicksEED SUNFLOWER. 1°-3°
high, somewhat pubescent : leaf-divisions linear-lanceolate, serrate : outer
involucral scales exceeding the inner: achene with two short (1’ long)
teeth.— Very abundant and conspicuous in low grounds. July—October.

2. B. cernua L. BUR-MARIGOLD. 6/-30’ high, nearly glabrous:
leaves somewhat connate-perfoliate: heads soon nodding: achenes with
usually four downwardly barbed awns.—Common along the Missouri
River. June-November.

3. B.connata Muhl. BraGar’s-TIcKs. 6’-6° high, glabrous: leaves
oblong-lanceolate, serrate, more or less petioled : petioles slightly united
at base: flowers orange : outer involucral bracts somewhat exceeding the
inner: achenes bearing 2-4 downwardly barbed awns.—Rather common
in moist places. June-November.

4. B. acuta (Wiegand) Britton. BraGar’s-TIcKs. Resembles the
last : flowers greenish-yellow : outer involucral bracts leaf-like, 2-4 times
the length of the inner.—Common in moist places. June-November.
B. comosa (Gray) Wiegand, probably also occurs.

204 COMPOSITAE

5. B. vulgata Greene. BrGGAR’s-TICKS. 1°-5° high, more or leas
pubescent: leaves usually 3-foliolate: leaflets thin, oblong lanceolate,
serrate, not stalked : heads long peduncled: achenes thin, oval-oblong,
yellowish brown, 2-awned.—Common in woods, waste places; ete. July-
November.

Var. puberula (Wiegand) Greene. Leaves densely pubescent.—Fre-
quent, especially in wet places.

6. B. frondosa L. Resembles the last, but leaflets strongly stalked :
heads corymbose : achenes oblong, thick, black, 2-awned.—Common in
low grounds. July—November.

7. B. bipinnata L. SPANISH NEEDLES. 1°-3° high, smoothish : leaf-
segments toothed, numerous: achenes quadrangular, 4-awned, much
exceeding the involucre.—Common in moist grounds. June—October.

31. THELESPERMA Less.

Leaves dissected. Heads long-peduncled. Outer involucral scales
small, spreading. Achenes oblong-linear, terete, wingless.

1. T. gracile (Torr.) Gray. Perennial, 1°-3° high, glabrous : achenes
bearing two retrorsely-hispid short awns.—Found as a waif near
Kansas City and Atherton.— June-August.

32. GALINSOGA R.& P.
Leaves opposite. Flowers axillary, peduncled. Involucre imbricated
in two series. Achenes angled.
1. G. parviflora Cav. Spreading appressed-pubescent annual : leaves
ovate, more or less petioled, serrate: heads 2/’-3’’ broad.—Locally
adventized in waste places in Independence. July—October.

33. FLAVERIA Juss.

Leaves opposite, sessile. Heads cymose-capitate, few-flowered. Invo-
lucre of 2-5 small bracts. Ray usually one, fertile. Achenes linear-
oblong, ribbed.

1. F. angustifolia (Cav.) Pers. Glabroug annual, 1°-3° high : leaves
lanceolate, serrate.—Has been found as a waif near Courtney, and also
near Argentine, Kansas. August—October.

34. HELENIUM L. SNEEZEWEED.
Leaves alternate. Headscorymbose. Involucral bracts small, in about
one series. Disk globular. Rays several, 3-5-lobed, fertile.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate. 1. H. autumnale.
Leaves long-linear, entire. 2. H. tenuifolium.

1. H. autumnale L. Perennial, puberulent, 1°-4° high : heads about
13’ broad.— Locally common in moist ground, Lake City, Dodson, Court-
ney, Atherton. August-September.

COMPOSITAE 205

2. H. tenuifolium Nutt. Annual, nearly glabrous, 1°-2° high: heads
about 1’ broad.—Occasionally occurs as a waif along railroads, Sheffield,
Leeds, Adams. August—October.

35. GAILLARDIA Foug.
Leaves alternate. Heads long-peduncled. Involucral bracts imbricated
in several series. Rays neutral, 3-toothed. Receptacle fimbrillate.
1. G. pulchella Foug. Annual, 10/’-15’ high: leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, coarsely dentate, sessile: rays brownish at base, yellow above.—
Found as a waif near Atherton. May—September.

36. BOHBERA Willd.

Leaves pinnately divided, opposite. Heads small, peduncled. Prin-
cipal involucral bracts in a single series, united at base. Rays pistillate,
short.

1. D. papposa (Vent.) Rydb. FETID MARIGOLD. Much branched
annual, 3’-24’ high.—Common in dry grounds and waste places. June-
October.

37. ACHILLEA L.

Perennial herbs with alternate, very finely dissected leaves. Heads
corymbose, numerous. Involucral scales imbricated in several series.
Ray flowers fertile. Pappus none.

1. A. Millefolium L. MILFoIL. YArRow. 1°-4° high, somewhat
tomentose : rays 4-5, about 1/7 long.—Common in dry grounds. May-

September.
38. ANTHEMIS L.

Leavesalternate. Heads long-peduncled. Involucral scales imbricated
in several series.
Plants strongly ill-scented. 1. A. Cotula.
Plants not ill-scented. 2. A. arvensis.

1. A. Cotula L. DoG-FENNEL. Branching annual, 1°-2° high, ap-
pressed-pubescent : rays neutral: pappus none.—A common weed in
waste places. May-September.

2. A.arvensis L FIELD CAMOMILE. Resembles the last but pubes-
cent : rays pistillate : pappus a minute border.—Has been found asa waif
near Sheffield and Courtney. May—August.

‘ 39. CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

Leaves alternate. Heads long-peduncled. Involucral scales imbricated
in several series. Ray flowers fertile. Pappus none.

1. C. Leucanthemum L. Ox-ryYE Daisy. Glabrate perennial, 1°—
3° high: stems leaves oblong, cut-serrate, more or less clasping : heads
1/-2’ broad : rays 20-30.—Locally adventized in waste places and fields
near Sheffield, Waldo Park, Lee’s Summit, Sibley, Glendale and Court-
ney.

206 COMPOSITAE

40. TANACETUM L.
Perennials with alternate pinnatifid leaves and corymbose heads. In-
volucre imbricated. Marginal flowers fertile. Pappus a short crown.
1. T. vulgare L. Tansy. Smoothish, 1°-4° high: heads about 4/’’
broad : marginal flowers with short 3-toothed limbs. —Occasionally escap-
ing from gardens to roadsides. August-September.

41. ARTEMISIA L. Wormwoop.

Alternate-leaved herbs with small paniculate heads of flowers. Invo-
lucre imbricated. Pappus none.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so on both sides.

Upper leaves linear, entire. . dracunculoides.
Upper leaves pinnately parted.

Plant strongly sweet-scented. - annua,

Plant not sweet-scented. . biennis.

Leaves strongly tomentose on both sides.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Leaves entire.

Leaves glabrate above ; tomentose beneath.
Stem strongly tomentose.
Stem glabrate.

« Carruthii.
. gnaphalodes.

. Ludoviciana.
. Mexicana.

NOD TP wo
ph BR be bh

1. A. dracunculoides Pursh. Perennial, 1$°-4° high, glabrous:
lower leaves somewhat pinnatifid : disk flowers sterile.—Occurs locally
in barrens east of Dodson and west and north of Lee’sSummit. August-
October.

2. A.annua L. Annual, 1°-5° high, glabrous: leaves 2-pinnatifid :
heads paniculate : flowers all fertile-—Sparingly adventized at Kansas
City and Independence. August-November.

3. A. biennis Willd. Annual or biennial, 1°-3° high, glabrous:
leaves once pinnatifid, the divisions serrate : heads almost spicate : flow-
ers all fertile.-—Shore of the Missouri River; rather infrequent. August-
November.

4. A. Carruthii Wood. 12/-18’ high, much branched, short white-
canescent : lower leaves pinnatifid into 5-7 narrowly linear segments :
upper leaves linear, entire: flowers all fertile.-—Occurs rarely as a waif
at Sheffield. September—October. (A. Kansana Britton. )

5. A. gnaphalodes Nutt. Perennial, 1°-3° high: stems tomentose:
upper leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire : lower leaves more or
less incised but not pinnatifid: flowers all fertile: involucre hardly
tomentose-canescent : heads usually not nodding, 13’” long.—Sandy bot-
toms along the Missouri River near Courtney and Sibley. Not common.
July—October.

6. A. Ludoviciana Nutt. Stems 15/-30/ high, stout, densely white-
tomentose: leaves as in A. Mexicana Willd.: heads often nodding, 2””
long: involucre densely white tomentose-canescent.—Dry barrens and
prairies throughout the southern part. September—October.

COMPOSITAE 207

7. A. Mexicana Willd. Resembles the last: stem taller and more
slender, nearly glabrous : upper leaves linear, entire, the lower pinnatifid
with linear-oblong segments : involucre nearly glabrous: heads usually
not nodding, 13’ long.—On barrens and prairies throughout the southern
part. July-October. Possibly a form of the last.

42. ERECHTITES Raf.

Alternate-leaved, vile-smelling herbs. Heads corymbose. Marginal
flowers pistillate. Pappus of copious fine soft hairs.

1. HE. hieracifolia (L.) Raf. FIREWEED. Annual, usually somewhat
hairy, 1°-6° high: leaves lanceolate, clasping, sessile or short-petioled,
sinuate-dentate: heads 3/” wide.—Rather common in woods. August—
October.

43. MESADENIA Raf. INDIAN PLANTAIN.

Leaves alternate, petioled. Flowers corymbose. Heads bracted, 5-
augled. Marginal flowers perfect. Receptacle flat with a pointed pro-
jection in the center. Pappus of numerous soft bristles.

Leaves triangular-reniform. 1. . atriplicifolia.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate. 2. M. tuberosa.

1. M. atriplicifolia (L.) Raf. Stems 3°-6° high, terete: leaves thin,
angulately lobed, glaucous beneath, palmately veined.—Rather common
in open woods.—July—September.

2. M. tuberosa (Nutt.) Britton. Stems 2°-5° high, angled : leaves
thick, entire, strongly parallel-nerved, chiefly basal.—Frequent on
prairies, save in the northwestern part. June-July.

44. SENECIO L.

Alternate-leaved herbs with corymbose heads of flowers. Receptacle
flat. Rays fertile.

Basal leaves lyrate pinnatifid. . 1. 8. lobatus.
Basal leaves merely crenate.
Basal leaves cordate at base. 2, S. aureus.
Basal leaves tapering at base. 3. 8. Balsamitae.

1. S.lobatus Pers. BUTTERWEED. Annual, 1°-3° high, glabrous:
leaves all pinnatifid : rays 6-12: achenes hispidulous.—Locally common
in low woods along the Missouri River. May-June.

2. S. aureus L. Squaw WereED. Perennial, 1°-14° high, nearly
glabrous : basal leaves ovate-cordate : stem leaves pinnatifid : rays 8-12:
achenes glabrous.—Low grounds along the Blue and Little Blue Rivers,
but uncommon. May-June.

3. S. Balsamitae Muhl. Squaw WEED. Resembles the last, but
woolly at base : lower leaves oblong-oval : achenes hispidulous. —Prairies
near Lee’s Summit. Uncommon. April-May.

45. ARCTIUM L.

Biennial, alternate-leaved, herbs. Heads corymbose-paniculate. Invo-
lucre globular, its scales tipped with hooked bristles. Pappus of short
rough bristles. Flowers red or white.

208 COMPOSITAE

1. A. minus Schk. BuRpocK. 2°-6° high: leaves large, ovate cor-
date, more or less dentate and tomentose beneath : heads 6’’-8”” broad. —
Common in waste places. July—October.

46. CARDUUS L.

Prickly herbs with alternate leaves and large terminal heads of purple
flowers. Involucral scales much imbricated, sharp-pointed. Pappus
plumose.

Heads less than 1’ broad. 1. C. arvensis.
Heads more than 1’ broad.
Stems strongly wing-margined. 2. C. lanceolatus.
Stems not wing-margined.
Leaves not white-tomentose above. 3. C. altissimus.
Leaves white-tomentose on both sides. 4. C. undulatus.

1. C, arvensis (L.) Robs. CANADA THISTLE. Perennial by slender
rootstocks, 1°-3° high : leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinuate-pinnatifid, nearly
glabrous: heads dioecious: outer involucral scales appressed-tipped.—
Adventized in waste places near Brooklyn and 27th, Lydia and Inde-
pendence, and on South Troost, Kansas City, and at Sheffield. June-
July.

2. C. lanceolatus L. Common THISTLE. Biennial, 3°-5° high:
leaves sinuate-pinnatifid, woolly beneath : involucral scales tipped with
spreading sharp bristles -Commonly naturalized in fields. July-Sep-
tember. :

3. C. altissimus L. Tati THISTLE. Biennial, 3°-10° tall: leaves
ovate-lanceolate, spinulosely dentate or rarely pinnatifid : outer involu-
cral scales sharp-tipped.— Abundant in thickets throughout. July—Oc-
tober.

4. C. undulatus Nutt. Low THISTLE. Biennial, 1°-4° high, woolly :
leaves oblong- lanceolate, somewhat pinnatifid: outer involucral scales
sharp-pointed : heads large.—Adventized at Sheffield, Independence and
Glendale. July-September.

47. CENTAUREA L.

Marginal flowers with enlarged corolla, neutral. Pappus of several
bristles.

Plant floccose-pubescent above. 1. C. Cyanus.
Plant glabrate. 2. C. Americana.

1. C. Cyanus L. BLuE BorrLe. Annual, 1°-2° high : leaves linear-
lanceolate, entire: flowers bluish-purple, 1’ broad.—Adventized around
Sibley and Independence. June-August.

2. C. Americana Nutt. STAR THISTLE. Annual, 1°-3° high : leaves
oblong-lanceolate, nearly entire: flowers pink-purple, 1/-23’ broad.—
Found as a waif between Dodson and Red Bridge. July-August.

14

Name of Family.

. Ophioglossaceae
. Osmundaceae

. Polypodiaceae
. Salviniaceae

Equisetaceae

. Isoetaceae

. Pinaceae

. Typhaceae

. Sparganiaceae
. Naiadaceae

. Alismaceae

. Vallisneriaceae
. Gramineae

. Cyperaceae

. Araceae

. Lemnaceae

. Commelinaceae

Pontederiaceae

. Juncaceae

. Melanthaceae

. Liliaceae

. Convallariaceae
. Smilaceae

. Amaryllidaceae
. Dioscoreaceae

. Iridaceae

. Orchidaceae

. Juglandaceae

. Salicaceae

. Betulaceae

. Fagaceae

. Ulmaceae

. Moraceae

. Urticaceae

. Santalaceae

. Aristolochiaceae
. Polygonaceae

. Chenopodiaceae

SUMMARY.

Number of
Genera.

m

ou

-_
WHO NOH APR NHKHNYNHWADSCORHE EH BP OKFMKHE NYDN WH KTH DWH BHP He Faw

210

Number of
Species,

3

roy

=
Dw

ary
We AP TOHM HW OWORDHEFP ENA K KP ORE AWODRF ALN NY EPH Pew

a)
a4

Number of
Varieties.

10

SUMMARY 211
Name of Femily. gi a he
39. Amaranthaceaé 2
40. Phytolaccaceae
41. Nyctaginiaceae
42. Aizoaceae
43. Portulacaceae
44. Caryophyllaceae
45. Nymphaeaceae
46, Ceratophyllaceaé
47. Anonaceae
48. Ranunculaceae
49. Berberidaceae
50. Menispermaceae
51. Papaveraceae
52. Cruciferae
53. Capparidaceae
54. Crassulaceae
55. Saxifragaceae
56. Grossulariaceae
57. Platanaceae
58. Rosaceae
59. Pomaceae
60. Drupaceae
61. Mimosaceae
62. Caesalpiniaceae
63. Papilionaceae
64, Geraniaceae
63. Oxalidaceae
66. Linaceae
67. Zygopbyllaceae
68. Rutaceae
69. Simarubaceae
70. Polygalaceae
71. Euphorbiaceae
72. Callitrichaceae
73. Anacardiaceae
74, Celastraceae
75. Staphyleaceae
76. Aceraceae
77. Hippocastanaceae
78. Balsaminaceae
79. Rhamnaceae
80. Vitaceae
gi Tiliaceae
8%: Malvaceae

fo)

1

-s

ray
Bee OAR Re

i
~
a

i
PNW WORRPENDYNYQIRHEND DE RH HP OR HERO

wo
avsawunnvwn Born

Oo
rs
or

OHAODWEHHEN BEATE Ee eee
. e
FPOwnvdrPReP NATH ON HH wR WO

_
o

212

Name of Family.

83.
84,
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94,
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124,
125.

Hypericaceae
Elatinaceae
Cistaceae
Violaceae
Loasaceae
Cactaceae
Lythraceae
Onagraceae
Haloragidaceae
Araliaceae
Umbelliferae
Cornaceae
Monotropaceae
Primulaceae
Ebenaceae
Oleaceae
Gentianaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cuscutaceae
Polemoniaceae
Hydrophyllaceae
Boraginaceae
Verbenaceae
Labiatae
Solanaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae
Orobanchaceae
Bignoniaceae
Martyniaceae
Acanthaceae
Phrymaceae
Plantaginaceae
Rubiaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Valerianaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Campanulaceae
Cichoriaceae
Ambrosiaceae
Compositae

SUMMARY
Number of Number of
Genera. Species.

1 5
2 2
2 3
2 9
1 1
1 1
5 6
8 16
1 1
1 1

17 22
1 3
1 1
7 8
1 1
1 3
3 5
1 3
4 12
3 8
1 6
2 4
2 3
8 14
2

20
6

=
ix] _ oo eo
HNOVWWVSNAOOWTE WHE NH WHY SO OD

~ -
WWOOWWH TRH HP DOE NY ERY

500 1,141

Number of
Varieties.

2]
e100 ee

ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES
OF AUTHORS.

A. Br. Braun, A.

Adans. Adanson, M.

Ait. Aiton, Wm.

Ait. f. Aiton, W. T.

All. Allioni, C.

Anders. Andersson, N. J.
Andr. Andrews, H. C.
Andrz. Andrzejowski, A. L.

Ard. Arduino, L.

Arnt. Arnott, G. A. W.

Aubl. Aublet, J. B.C. F.

ne -Palisot de Beauvois, A. M.

Benth. Bentham, G.

Bernh. Bernhardi, J.

Bess. Besser, U.S. J.

Bigel. Bigelow, J.

Bisch. Bischoff, G. W.

Boehm. Boehmer, G. R.

Borck. Borckhausen, M. B.

Brit. Britton, N. L.

B.S.P. Britton, N. L.; Stearns, E.
A.; Poggenburg, J.

Cass. Cassini, H.

J.
S. von.

Cav. Cavanilles, A. J.
Clayt. Clayton, John.
Coult. Coulter, J. M.

Cc. & R. Coulter, J. M., and Rose,

J.N.
Darl. Darlington, W.
Davenp. Davenport, G. E.
DC. DeCandolle, A. P.
A.DC. DeCandolle, A.
Dec. Decaisne, J.
Desf. Desfontaine, R. L.
Desv. .Desvaux, N. A.

Dietr. Dietrich, D. N. F.
Dougl. Douglas, D.
Dufr. Dufresne, P.
Dumortier, B. C.

Eat. Eaton, A.

Ehrh. Ehrhart, F.

Ell. Elliott, 8.

Engelm. Engelmann, G.
Fabr. Fabricius, P. K.
Foug. Fougeroux, A. D.
Forsk. Forskal, P.

Forst. Forster, J. R.
Fresen. Fresenius, J. B. G. W.
_ Gaertn. Gaertner, J.

Gmel. Gmelin, 8. G.

Gmel., J. F. Gmelin, J. F.

Griseb. Grisebach, H. R. A.

Gronoy. Gronovius, J. F.

Hack. Hackel, E.

Hall. Haller, Albert von.

Hamilt. Hamilton, W.

Hassk. Hasskarl, J. C.

H.B.K. Humboldt, F. A. von;
Bonpland, A., and Kunth, C.§8.

Hitch. Hitchcock, A. 8.

Hoffmg. Hoffmansegg, J.C.

Hook. Hooker, W. J.

H. & A. Hooker, W. J., and Ar-
nott, G. A. W.

Hook. f. Hooker, J. D.

Jacq. Jacquin, N. J.

Juss. Jussieu, A. L.

A. Juss. Jussieu, A. de.

Karst. Karsten, H.

Kl. Klotsch, J. F.

L. Linnaeus, C., or C. von Linne.

L’Her. L’Heritier de Brutelle, C.
L

Lag. Lagasca, M.

Lam. Lamarck, J. B. A. P. M.

Lehm. Lehmann, J. G. C.

Less. Lessing, C. F.

Lindl. Lindley, John.

Loefl. Loefling, P.

MacM. MacMillan, C.

Marsh. Marshall, H.

Mart. Martens, M.

Mart. & Gal. Martens, M., and
Galeotti, H.

Medic. Medicus, F. C.

Meisn. Meisner, C.F.

Michx. Michaux, A.

Michx. f. Michaux, F. A.

Mill. Miller, P.

Millsp. Millspaugh, C. F.

Mog. Moquin-Tandon A.

Muell. Arg. Muller, J., of Aar-
gau.

Muench. Muenchhausen, O. von.

Muhl. Muhlenberg, H. L.

Neck. Necker, N. J. de.

Nees. Nees von Esenbeck.

Nuttall, T.

Browne, P.

Nutt.
P. Br.

213

214 ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS

Pers. Persoon, C. H.

Planch. Planchon, J. E.

Poir. Poiret, J. L. M.

Poll. Pollich, J. A.

R. Br. Brown, R.

Raf. Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. 8.
Reichenb. Reichenbach, H. G. L.
Richards. Richardson, J.

R.&8. Roemer, J. J., and Schultes,

J. A,
Rottb. Rottboell, C. F.
R. & P. Ruiz, L. H., and Pavon,
Rydb. Rydberg, P. "A.
Sarg. Sargeant, C. 8,
Schk. Sehkuhr, C.
Schleich. Schleicher, J. C.
Schleid. Schleiden, M. J.
Schrad. Schrader, H. A.
Schreb. Schreber, J. C. D. von
Schult. Schultes, J. A.
Schwein. Schweinitz, L. D. von.
Scop. Scopoli, J. A.
Scribn. Scribner, -F. L.
8S. & B. Scribner and Ball.
8. &S. Scribner and Smith.

J. Torr. & Hook.

Seub. Seubert, M.

Shuttlw. pes pa ae R.

Soland. ete

Spreng. Sprengel %

Steud” Stender: E

Sudw. Btaworth, a B.

Sw. Swartz, Olof.

8S. Wats. Watson, Sereno.

Thunb. Thunberg, C. P.

Torr. Torrey, J.

T. & G. Torrey, J., and Gray, A.

Torrey, J., and
Hooker, W. J.

Tourn. Tournefort, J. P. de.

Trin. Trinius, K. “5,

Tuckerm. Tuckerman, E.

Underw. Underwood, L. M.

Vent. Ventenat, E. P,

Wahl. Wahlenberg, G.

Walp. Walpers, W. G.

Walt. Walter, T.

Wats. Waison, S.

Weinm, Weinmann.

‘Willd. Willdenow, C. L.

GLOSSARY.

Acaulescent. Apparently stemless.

Accumbent. Edges of cotyledon folded against radicle.

Achene. - A dry 1-celled, 1-seeded fruit with tight-fitting pericarp.

Acicular. Needle-shaped.

Acuminate. Long-tapering at the end.

Acute. Sharp-pointed at the end, but not tapering.

Adnate. Attached.

Adventive. Not native and but imperfectly naturalized.

Alate. Winged. ,

Albumen. Nutritive material around the embryo of a seed.

Alliaceous. Onion-like.

Alternate. Not opposite.

Ament. A dense, usually elongated, cluster of imperfect bracted flowers.

Amphitropous. When the ovule is partly inverted.

Amplexicaul. Clasping the stem.

Anastomosing. Forming a net-work.

Anatropous. Ovule inverted so that the micropyle is close to the hilum.

-androus. In composition, stamens.

Angiospermous. Seeds borne within a pericarp.

Annual. A plant of one year’s duration. Winter Annual when the seed ger-
minates in the fal] and the plant matures the following season.

Annular, Ring-shaped.

Anther. The upper portion of the stamen containing the pollen.

Antherid. The male reproductive organ in the higher cryptogams.

Apetalous.. Without petals. ‘

Apical. Situated at the apex.

Apiculate. Ending in a minute tip.

Appressed. Lying close against.

Aquatic. Growing in water.

Arachnoid, Cobwebby.

Arborescent, Tree-like.

Archegone. The female reproductive organ in the higher cryptogams.

Areolate. Surface divided into small spaces by veinlets.

Aril. A seed appendage growing near the hilum.

Arillate. Having an aril.

Aristate. Tipped by an awn or bristle.

Aristulate. Diminutive of aristate.

Articulate. Jointed.

Ascending. Rising obliquely.

Attenuate. Becoming very slender.

Auricle. An ear-shaped appendage.

Auricled. Possessing auricles.

Awn. A slender bristle-shaped appendage.

Axil. The angle formed where a leaf or branch unites with the stem.

‘ 215

216 GLOSSARY

Axillary. Situated in an axil.
Axis. The central support of a group of organs.

Barbed. Furnished with short usually reflexed bristles.
Barbellate. Minutely barbed.

Beaked. Ending in a stout elongated tip.

Berry. A fruit with a fleshy pericarp.

Bidentate. Having two teeth.

Biennial. A plant of two years’ duration.

Bilabiate. With two lips.

Bipinnate. Twice pinnate.

Blade. The expanded portion of the leaf.

Bract. A usually diminutive leaf subtending a flower or group of flowers.
Bracteate. Possessing bracts.

Bracteolate. Possessing bractlets.

Bractlet. A small or secondary bract.

Bristle. A stiff hair.

Bud. An unexpanded or undeveloped leaf, branch or flower.
Bulb. A fleshy scaly leaf-bud, usually underground.
Bulblet. A small bulb.

Caducous. Early falling off.

Caespitose. Growing in tufts.

Callosity. A small hard protuberance.

Callus. A callosity.

Calyculate. With bracts subtending the flower imitating an outer calyx.

Calyx. The outer floral envelope.

Campanulate. Shaped like a bell.

Campylotropous. A much incurved seed or ovule.

Canescent. Covered with gray or hoary usually short fine hairs.

Capitate. In a dense head-like cluster.

Capsule. A dry dehiscent fruit with two or more carpels.

Carinate. Longitudinally ridged or keeled.

Carpel. The modified leaf forming the simple pistil, or one of the parts of
the compound pistil.

Cartilaginous. Firm and tough like cartilage.

Caruncle. Appendage to a seed growing near the hilum.

Carunculate. Bearing a caruncle.

Caryopsis. A one-celled one-seeded fruit with the thin pericarp adnate to the
seed.

Catkin. An ament.

Caudate. Possessing a slender tail-like appendage.

Caudicle. The stalk of a pollen mass.

Caulescent. Having a stem.

Cell. A cavity.

Cespitose. Caespitose.

Chaff. A dry and membranous scale.

Channelled. With a deep longitudinal groove.

Chartaceous. Thick papery in texture.

Chlorophyll. The green coloring matter in plants.

Ciliate. Fringed with marginal hairs.

GLOSSARY 217

Ciliolate. Minutely ciliate.

Cinereous. Ash-colored.

Circinate. Rolled downward from the apex.

Circumgeissile. Dehiscent by a horizontal circular line.

Clavate. Shaped like a club.

Cleistogamous. Flowers fertilized in the bud without opening.

Cleft. Cut about to the middle or to the middle of a half.

Coalescent. United.

Coma. A tuft of small hairs.

Commissure. The surface of one carpel contiguous to the other carpel.

Compound. Composed of two or more similar parts.

Conduplicate. Folded lengthwise together.

Coniferous. Bearing cones.

Connate. United.

Connective. That part of the stamen between the two anther cells.

Connivent. Approaching closely and often connecting.

Convolute. Longitudinally rolled up.

Cordate. Heart-shaped.

Coriaceous. Leathery in texture.

Corm. The solid enlarged fleshy base of a stem.

Corolla. The inner of two series of floral envelopes.

Corona, A crown-like appendage, especially to the corolla.

Corymb. A raceme with the lower pedicels elongated so that the inflores-
cence is flat-topped.

Corymbose. Borne in corymbs.

Costate. Ribbed.

Cotyledon. The rudimentary leaf or leaves found in the seed embryo.

Crenate. Having rounded teeth.

Crenulate. Diminutive of crenate.

Crested. Having a crest-like appendage.

Crown. Corona.

Cucullate. Hood-shaped.

Culm. The stem of sedges and grasses.

Cuneate. Shaped like a wedge.

Cusp. A sharp, rigid point.

Cuspidate. Bearing a cusp.

Cyme. A flat-topped inflorescence with the central flowers blooming first.

Cymose. Cyme-like.

Deciduous. Not persistent and evergreen.

Decompound. Twice or more divided.

Decumbent. Reclining, with ascending ends.

Decurrent. Adnate down the stem below the insertion.

Deflexed. Turned abruptly downward.

Dehiscent. Opening regularly.

Deltoid. Broadly triangular.

Dentate. Toothed, the teeth outwardly projecting.

Denticulate. Diminutive of dentate.

Depauperate. Stunted.

Depressed. Flattened from above.

Diadelphous. Stamens combined in two sets.

218 GLOSSARY

Diandrous. Possessing two stamens.

Dichotomous. Bi-forked equally and regularly.

Dicotyledonous. Possessing two cotyledons.

Didymous. Twin-like. P

Didynamous. Stamens in two pairs of unequal length.

Diffuse. Loosely and much spreading.

Digitate. Diverging, like spreading fingers.

Dimorphous. Two-formed.

Dioecious. Bearing male and female flowers on different plants.

Discoid. Disk-like; a flower head with none but rayless flowers.

Disk. A developed receptacle at or around the base of the pistil, especially
the enlarged receptacle on which the numerous flowers are borne in
Compositae.

Disk flowers. The central flowers in the head in Compositae, as distinguished
from the marginal flowers.

Dissected. Divided into numerous segments.

Distichous. Arranged in two vertical ranks,

Distinct. Apparent; not united.

Divaricate. Widely spreading.

Divided. Cut to the base or mid-nerve.

Dorsal. Pertaining to the back.

Drupaceous. Drupe-like.

Drupe. A fleshy usually simple fruit with. exocarp fleshy and endocarp
stony.

Drupelet. Diminutive of drupe.

Echinate. Prickly.

Elliptical. Oval.

Emarginate. With a shallow notch at the apex.

Embryo. The rudimentary plant within the seed.
Endocarp. The inner layer of the pericarp. _
Endogenous. Forming new tissue within instead of by superficial layers.
Endosperm. The albumen of a seed.

Entire. Without toothing, lobes or divisions.

Ephemeral. Lasting lessthanaday.

Epidermis. An outer covering. _

Epigynous. Growing on the upper part of the ovary.
Epiphyte. An air plant. ;
Equitant. Conduplicate distichous leaves.

Excurrent. Running out beyond the main body.
Exfoliating. Coming off in layers.

Exocarp. The outer layer of the pericarp.

Exogenous. Growing by new tissue formed outside the old.
Exserted. Projecting beyond the surrounding organs.
Exstipulate. Without stipules.

Extrorse. Facing outward.

Faleate. Scythe-shaped.

Farinose. Covered with a meal-like powder.

Fascicle. A close, dense bundle or cluster.

Fastigiate. Erect stems or branches borne closely together.
Ferrugi ous. Color of rust.

GLOSSARY 219

Fertile. Productive.

Fertilization. Intermingling of the contents of a male and female cell.
Fibrillose. Bearing fine fibers. ;
Filament. The slender portion of the stamen supporting the anther.
Filiform. Thread-shaped.

Fimbriate. Fringed.

Fimbrillate. Diminutive of fimbriate.

Flaccid. Lacking rigidity.

Flexuous. Zigzag.

Floccose. Bearing tufts of wool-like hairs.

Foliaceous. Leaf-like.

-foliate. In composition referring to leaycs.

-foliolate. In composition referring to leaflets.

Follicle. A one-celled fruit dehiscing by one suture.

Free. Not attached to other organs.

Prond. The leaf of ferns.

Frutescent. Shrub-like.

Fugacious. Early fulling away.

Fugitive. Plants not native and apparently not permanently established.
Punicle. The stalk of an ovule or seed.

Fuscous. Grayish-brown.

Fusiform. Spindle-shaped:

Galea. A helmet-shaped portion of a floral envelope.

Galeate. Provided with a galea.

Gamopetalous. Having the petals more or less united.

Geniculate. Bent abruptly.

Gibbous. With a swelling on one side.

Glabrate. Nearly without hairs.

Glabrous. Entirely without hairs.

Gland. A secreting organism,

Glandular. Bearing glands,

Glaucous. Covered with a bluish-white bloom,

Globose. Round.

Glomerate. Compactly clustered.

Glumaceous. Glume-like.

Glume. The scaly bractlets of the inflorescence in sedges and grasses.

Granular. Resembling or composed of grains.

Granulose. Granular.

Gregarious. Growing in groups.

Gymnospermous. Plants with naked seeds.

Gynandrous. Having the pistil supporting the stamens.

Gynobase. A prolongation or enlargement of the receptacle bearing the
ovary.

Habit. The general appearance or aspect of a plant.

Habitat. Place of growth of a plant.

Hastate. Arrow-shaped, but with basal lobes spreading at right angles.
Head. A dense usually spherical cluster of sessile (or nearly so) flowers.
Herbaceous. Herb-like; leaf-like in color or texture.

Heterogamous. Bearing two kinds of flowers,

220 GLOSSARY

Hilum. The point of attachment of a seed or ovule.

Hirsute. Covered with coarse stiffish hairs.

Hispid. Covered with rigid bristly hairs.

Hispidulous. Diminutive of hispid.

Hoary. Covered with a grayish-white close, fine pubescence.

Homogamous. Bearing one kind of flower only.

Hyaline. Thin; translucent.

Hybrid. A cross between two species.

Hypocotyl. The radicle.

Hypogynous. Situated on the receptacle at or below the base of the ovary.

Imbricate. Overlapping.

Imperfect. Without both sexual organs fully developed.

Incised. Irregularly deeply and sharply cut.

Included. Not protruding beyond the surrounding envelope.

Incumbent. Having the back of one of the cotyledons lying against the
radicle,

Indefinite. Not constant in number, and numerous.

Indehiscent. Not opening.

Indigenous. Native.

Indusium. The membrane covering the fruit-dot in ferns.

Inequilateral. With sides unequal.

Inferior. Situated below.

Inflexed. Bent inward abruptly.

Inflorescence. The flowering part of plants with especial reference to the
mode of arrangement.

Inserted. Attached to.

Internode. Lying between two nodes.

Introrse. Turned inward.

Involucel. A secondary involucre.

Involucre. A circle of bracts subtending a flower or a number of flowers.

Involute. Inwardly rolled.

Irregular. A flower in which members of the same class of organs are dis-
similar. +

Keel. A longitudinal ridge; the two united lower petals of a pea flower.

Labiate. Lipped.

Laciniate. Cut into narrow lobes.

Lanceolate. Shaped like a lance; broadest below the middle and tapering
upward.

Lateral. Pertaining to the side.

Lax. Loose and slender.

Leaflet. A division of a compound leaf.

Legume. A simple fruit dehiscent by both sutures.

Lenticular. Shaped like a lens.

Ligulate. Provided with a ligule.

Ligule. A strap-shaped corolla, as the rays of Compositae; a scarious pro-
jection from the summit of the sheaths in Gramineae.

Limb. The expanded portion of a floral envelope.

Linear. Long and narrow with sides about parallel.

Lobe. A segment of an organ.

GLOSSARY 221

Lobed. Cut into lobes; cut about to the middle.

Loment. A jointed legume.

Loculicidal. Applied to capsules splitting through the walls of the carpels.
Lunate. Shaped like a crescent.

Lyrate. Pinnatifid with the terminal lobe much the largest,

Macrosporange. A sporange containing macrospores.

Macrospore. The larger of two kinds of spores borne by certain plants.

Marcescent. Withering, but not falling.

Marginal. Near the edge.

Marginate. Furnished with a border.

Membranaceous. Thin and membrane-like.

Micropyle. The orifice of the ovule and the corresponding point on the seed,

Microsporange. A sporange containing microspores,

Microspores. The smaller of two kinds of spores borne by certain plants.

Mid-rib (mid-vein). The central vein of a leaf.

Monadelphous. Applied to stamens united by their filaments.

Moniliform. Like a string of beads.

Monocotyledonous. Plants having but one cotyledon.

Monoecious. Bearing stamens and pistils in different flowers,{ but on the
same plant.

Monstrous. Deformed.

Mucronate. Bearing a short abrupt tip.

Mucronulate. Diminutive of mucronate.

Multifid. Cut into numerous segments.

Muricate. Roughened with short hard points.

Muticous. Without a point.

Naked. Without the covering normally present in related species.

Naturalized. Plants not native, but so thoroughly established that they
appear native.

Nectary. An organ secreting sweet matter.

Nerve. <A vein. :

Node. The point on a stem on which a leaf is normally borne.

Nodose. Knotty.

Nodulose. Diminutive of nodose.

Nut. A hard indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded fruit.

Nutlet. Diminutive of nut.

Obcompressed. Compressed from back and front instead of from the sides,
Obcordate. Inversely heart-shaped.

Oblanceolate. Inversely lance-shaped.

Oblique. With unequal sides.

Oblong. Longer than broad with the sides parallel.

Obovate. Inversely ovate.

Obovoid. Inversely ovoid.

Obsolete. Rudimentary or absent.

Obtuse. Blunt or rounded.

Ochreae. Tubular sheathing stipules.

Ochreolae. Organisms resembling ochreae subtending flowers.
Ochroleucous. Yellowish-white.

Operculate. Furnished with a lid.

9929 GLOSSARY

Operculum. A lid.

Orbicular. Circular in outline or nearly so.

Orthotropous. An erectovule with the micropyle at the apex and the hilum
at the base.

Oval. Broadly elliptical.

Ovary. The portion of the pistil containing the ovules,

Ovate. Egg-shaped with the broader end down; broadly and shortly lanceo-
late.

Ovule. The body which after fertilization becomes the seed.

Palate. The projection on the lower lip of a personate corolla which closes
the throat.

Palet. The thin chaffy bract subtending the flower in the Gramineae.

Palmate. Resembling the hand with spreading fingers.

Panicle. An irregular compound inflorescence.

Panicled, paniculate. Borne in panicles,

Papilionaceous. A name applied to the peculiar corolla of the Leguminosae ;
pea-like.

Papillose. Bearing minute projections.

Pappus. The calyx in Compositae, consisting of awns, bristles, feeth, etc.

Parasitic. Growing on and absorbing nourishment from other plants.

Parietal. Borne on the inner surface of the wall of a capsule.

Parted. Cut down nearly to the base.

Pectinate. Cut into narrow crowded segments.

Pedate. Palmately cut, the lateral segments 2-cleft.

Pedicel. A secondary peduncle.

Pedicellate. Borne on a pedicel.

Peduncle. A primary flower-stalk, supporting a flower or cluster of flowers.

Pedunculate. Borne on a peduncle,

Peltate. Shield-shaped and attached to a stalk by the lower surface.

Perennial. Living for years.

Perfect. Applied to a flower having both sexual organs.

Perfoliate. A leafclasping the stem so that the stem appears to pass through
it.

Perianth. The modified floral leaves taken collectively.

Pericarp. The wall of the matured ovary.

Perigynium. The sac enclosing the achene in Carex.

Périgynous. Attached to the perianth and hence around the ean

Persistent. Unusually long-continuous,

Personate. Two-lipped with the throat closed by a protuberance.

Petal. A division of the corolla,

Petaloid. Resembling a petal.

Petiolate. Having a petiole.

Petiole. The leaf stalk.

Petiolulate. Having a petiolule.

Petiolule. A small petiole, supporting a leaflet.

Phaenerogamous. Plants producing true flowers and seeds.

Phyllodia. <A blideless petiole:

Pilose. Bearing long soft hairs.

Pinna (pl. pinnae). One of the primary divisions of. a pinnately compound
leaf.

GLOSSARY 223

Pinnate. A compound leaf with the leaflets arranged on each side of a com-
mon axis.

Pinnatifid. Pinnately cleft.

Pinnule. A division of a pinna,

Pistil. The female reproductive organs in the higher plants. .

Pistillate. Provided with pistils, and usually implying the absence of sta-
mens.

Placenta. An ovule-bearing surface.

Plicate. Folded lengthwise. .

Plumose. Plume-like; having fine hairs on each side.

Plumule. The growing point of the embryo.

Pod. A dry, dehiscent fruit. ;

Pollen. The fertilizing bodies contained in the anther.

Pollinia. The waxy pollen-masses of orchids and milk-weeds,

Polygamous. Bearing both perfect and imperfect flowers on the same plant.

Polypetalous. Having separate petals.

Pome. A fleshy fruitlikeanapple. _

Procumbent. Lying flat on the ground.

Prothallium. The sexual generation of Pteridophyta.

Puberulent. Short hairy.

Pubescent. Covered with hairs, especially if short and soft.

Punctate. Dotted with translucent spots or pits.

Pungent. Tipped with a rigid point.

Pyriform. Shaped like a pear.

Raceme. An elongated flower cluster in which the flowers are pedicelled and
the lower bloom first.

Racemose. Borne in racemes.

Rachilla. The axis of the spikelet in Gramineae.

Rachis, The axis of a spike, raceme or compound leaf:

Radiate. Bearing ray-flowers; spreading from a common center.

Radicle. The rudimentary , stem in the embryo.

Ray. A branch of an umbel ; a marginal flower when distinct from the
others. ae

Receptacle. That part of the axis bearing the reproductive organs; or the
collective flowers in Compositae.

Recurved. Backwardly curved.

Reflexed. Abruptly recurved.

Regular. Having all parts of the same nature similar.

Reniform. Kidney-shaped.

Repand. Having a wavy margin.

Reticulate. Netted-veined.

Retrorse. Turned back or downward.

Retuse. Having a shallow notch at the rounded end.

Revolute. Rolled backward.

Rhachis. The same as rachis.

Rhizome. A rootstock. _

Ringent. The gaping mouth of a bilabiate corolla.

Rostrate. Beaked. :

Rotate. Flat and round in outline.

224 GLOSSARY

Rufous. Red-brown.

Rugose. Wrinkled.

Runcinate. Sharply jagged with the lobes turned backward.
Runner. A long slender stolon.

Sac. A pouch-like body.

Saccate. Shaped like a sac.

Sagittate. Shaped like an arrow-head, the lobes turned downward.

Salver-shaped (salver-form). A corolla with a narrow tube abruptly ex-
panded into a spreading limb.

Samara. An indehiscent winged fruit.

Saprophyte. A plant growing on dead organic matter.

Scabrous. Rough.

Scape. A stem above ground bearing flowers, but not leaves.

Scapose. Scape-like; having scapes.

Scarious. Thin, dry, membranous and not green.

Scorpoid. An inflorescence coiled up in the bud, but unrolled in growth.

Scurfy. Covered with minute scales.

Secund. Borne on but one side of the axis.

Seed. The ripened ovule.

Segment. One of the divisions of a cut or divided organ.

Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx.

Septicidal. Applied to capsules splitting through the partitions of the
carpels.

Septum. A partition.

Serrate. Provided with teeth pointing forward.

Serrulate. Diminutive of serrate.

Sessile. Not stalked.

Setaceous. Bristle-like.

Setose. Bristly.

Sheath. A tube-like envelope, especially the lower part of the leaf in
Gramineae.

Silicle. A silique little longer than wide.

Silique. An elongated two-valved capsule with two parietal placentae, usu-
ally dehiscent, :

Simple. Not compound.

Sinuate. With the margins strongly wavy.

Sinus. The cleft between lobes.

Sorus (pl. sori). A cluster of fruit-dots.

Spadix. A fleshy flower spike.

Spathe. The bract or bracts subtending the inflorescence in certain mono-
cotyledonous plants.

Spatulate. Shaped like a spatula.

Spicate. Arranged in a spike.

Spike. A dense elongated inflorescence with sessile flowers.

Spikelet. Diminutive of spike; especially applied to the ‘‘flowers”’ of
grasses and sedges,

Spinose. Having spines.

Sporange (sporangium). A spore-case.

Spore. Asexual vegetative bodies in Cryptogamia.

Sporocarp. An organ containing sporangia or spores.

GLOSSARY 225

Spreading. Widely divergent; nearly prostate.

Spur. A tube-like projection from part of a blossom.

Squarrose. Strongly spreading and projecting.

Stamen. The male sexual organ in a plant.

Staminodium. A sierile stamen.

Standard. The upper petal of a pea corolla.

Stellate. Star-like.

Sterile. Unproductive.

Stigma. The uppermost portion of the pistil.

Stipe. A stalk.

Stipitate. Possessing a stipe.

Stipulate. Having stipules.

Stipule. Appendages to a leaf at the base of the petiole.

Stolon. A weak basal branch disposed to root.

Stoloniferous. Producing stolons.

Striate. Finely lined or ribbed longitudinally.

Strict. Very straight and erect.

Strigose. Beset with more or less appressed straight hairs.

Style. The slender portion of the pistil between the ovary and stigma.

Stylopodium. An enlargement at the base of the style.

Sub-. A prefix meaning somewhat or slightly.

Subulate. Awl-shaped.

Succulent. Juicy and fleshy.

Superior. Above the surrounding organs.

Suture. The line of opening.

Symmetrical. Applied to a flower having the same number of parts in each
circle.

Terete. Circular in cross-section.

Ternate. In threes.

Tetradynamous. Having four of the six stamens longer than the other two.

Thallus. A flat vegetative organ.

Throat. That portion of a gamopetalous corolla or gamosepalous calyx
between the tube and the limb.

Thyrse. A compact panicle.

Thyrsoid. Resembling a thyrse. ‘

Tomentose. Covered with densely matted hairs.

Tooth. A small marginal lobe.

Torose. Cylindrical, and contracted at intervals.

Torulose. Diminutive of torose.

Tri-. In composition, three.

Triandrous. Having three stamens.

Truncate. Ending abruptly in a straight edge.

Tuber. A short, thick underground branch.

Tuberiferous. Tuber-bearing.

Tubercle. The persistent style base in some sedges.

Tuberculate. Bearing short, hard, rounded projections.

Turbinate. Inversely conical.

Umbel. An inflorescence in which the flower pedicels spring from the same
point, and the outer flowers bloom last.

Umbellate. Umbel-like.

15

226 GLOSSARY

Umbellet. A secondary umbel.

Undulate. Having wavy margins.

Uni-. In composition, one.

Utricle. A one-seeded fruit with a loose pericarp.

Valvate. Opening by valves; meeting by the edges without overlapping.

Vein. A prominent leaf vein. a

Veins. The main frame-work of a leaf or other organ.

Veinlet. A small vein.

Velum. The fold on the inner side at the base of the leaf in Jsoetes.

Velutinous. Velvety.

Ventral. Relating to the inner or front surface.

Ventricose. Swollen on one side.

Venation. The arrangement of veins.

Vernation. The arrangement of leaves.

Versatile. Applied to an anther attached near the middle and free at the
ends,

Verticillate. Whorled.

Villous. Bearing long, soft, loose hairs.

Virgate. Long and slender.

Viscid. Glutinous; sticky.

Whorl. An arrangement of organs in a circle.
Wing. A thin expansion of an organ; the lateral petal in Leguminosae.
Woolly. Clothed with long matted hairs.

ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

Page 2, 3d line from bottom for “‘grandular’’ read “glandular.”

Page 10, under Lophotocarpus, 1st line, for ‘‘verticels” read ‘‘verticils” and
2d line, for ‘‘inclosing”’ read ‘‘enclosing.”’

Page 14, under 6th line for ‘‘waiting” read ‘“‘wanting.”

Page 16, under Paspalum, 2d line, read “‘spikes’’ for “‘spike.””

Page 19, under P. miliacewm, 2d line, read ‘“‘sheaths”’ for ‘‘sheath.””

Page 23, under I. sobolifera, 3d line, read ‘‘2'-3'”’ for ‘‘2’’-3/',””

Page 28, under Bouteloua, Key, read ‘‘spikes’’ for “‘spikelets.”’

Page 29, add:

35a. BULBILIS Raf.

A low, creeping, perennial grass with the staminate and pistillate spikelets
on distinct culms, the former forming 2-4 one-sided spikes on a relatively
long-exserted culm, the latter 2-3 clusters on a very short culm.

1. B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. Staminate spikes 2’’-24’’ long, 2-3-flowered,
sharp-pointed : pistillate spikes subtended by long filiform bracts, scarious-
dilated at base: the outer glumes indurated.—Two patches found as a waif
along the Santa Fe Railroad east of Sheffield. May-Sept.

Page 36, under Lolium, 2d line, for ‘‘join” read ‘‘joints.”

Page 37, under A. repens, 5th line, for ‘‘forms’’ read ‘‘form.”

Page 39, 3d line from bottom for ‘‘scales’’ read ‘‘scale.’’

Page 39, under Hystrix for ‘“‘elymoides M. & B.”’ read ‘“‘patula Moench.’’

Page 41, under C, strigosus robustior, 1st line for ‘‘8’”’ read ‘‘8"'.”’

Page 47, 19th line, for ‘‘sparganoides’’ read “‘sparganioides.”’

Page 48, under C. trichocarpa, 1st line, for ‘‘bract”’ read “‘bracts.’”’

Page 52, No. 41 should read ‘‘C. cephaloidea.”’

Page 53, add: 46a. C. siccata Dewey. Culms slender, erect, 2°-3° high :
leaves 1”-2" broad: spikes 3-4, 24/'-4’’ long, distinct, silvery-brownish, the
staminate flowers basal and numerous, or sometimes occupying whole spikes:
perigynia 2%’’ long, lanceolate, strongly winged.—Locally common on a dry
hill near Courtney. June.

Page 66, under Juglandaceae, 4th line, after ‘‘1-ovuled” add “ovary.”

Page 67, under H. minima, 2d line, for ‘“‘one’”’ read “‘ones.”’

Page 70, under Quercus, 4th line, “hydrids” should be hybrids.”

Page 73, under Humulus, 3d line, read ‘‘Pistillate flowers two together in
the axil of a foliaceous bract.””

Page 83, under A. blitoides, 2d line, for “‘bract’’ read ‘‘bracts.”’

Page 88, the authority for Cerastium brachypodum should be (Robinson)
Engelm.

Page 96, under C. montanum, 2d line, ‘‘seeded”’ should be omitted.

Page 99, the authority for R. palustris is (L.) Bess.

Page 106, under P. pentandra, 3d line, for ‘‘bottom’”’ read “‘bottoms.”

Page 110, for ‘‘Caesalpinaceae’’ read ‘‘Caesalpiniaceae.”’

Page 113, under Trifolium, 9th line, read ‘‘plant’’ for “plants.”

227

228 ERRATA AND ADDENDA

Page 114, under 7. hybridum, 3d line, for ‘‘peduncled” read “‘pedicelled.’’

Page 118, under Lespedeza, Key, 8th line, ‘‘perennials’’ should be ‘‘peren-
nial”’ and in 9th line, ‘‘annuals” should be ‘“‘annual.’’

Page 120, under Geraniaceae “J. St. Hill.”’ should read “J. St. Hil.”

Page 121, last line, ‘‘calltrop’’ should read ‘‘caltrop.”

Page 122, under Euphorbiaceae, ‘‘J. St. Hill.’”’ should read ‘‘J. St. Hil.”

Page 128, under Acer for var. barbatwm read var. Rugeliit (Pax) Wesmael.

Page 129, under Balsaminaceae, 5th line, ‘‘by the” should read ‘‘into.”’

Page 131, under Tilia, 3d line, ‘‘5-delphous’’ should be ‘‘5-adelphous,”’

Page 135, under V. Rajinesquii, 1st line, “‘annuals’’ should read “annual.”

Page 135, add: 4a. V. viarum Pollard. Growing in clumps and resem-
bling No. 4, but glabrous or nearly so throughout: leaves ovate-cordate to
reniform in outline, 3-9-divided, the divisions very unequal, usually the
middle one the longest: peduncles of cleistogamous flowers at first erect, but
at length decumbent.—Moist prairies from Levasy to Buckner. April-May.

Page 137, under Didiplis, 1st line, ‘‘aquatics” should read ‘‘aquatic.’’

Page 142, under Lomatiwm, 2d line, ‘‘later’’ should read “‘lateral.”

Page 143, under Chaerophyllum, ‘‘chevril”’ should read ‘‘chervil” and “‘C.
Texensis’’ should read ‘‘C. Texanum.”

Page 162, add:

Ta. DRACOCEPHALUM L.

Herbs with flowers in terminal spikes subtended by conspicuously aristate-
toothed bracts. Calyx and corolla each 2-lipped. Stamens four with di-
vergent anther-sacs, the upper pair the longer.

1. D. parviflorum Nutt. DRAGON-HEAD. A more or less pubescent
annual with spreading branches, about 1° high: leaves ovate, cordate or
rounded at base, strongly serrate: bracts usually exceeding the corolla.—
Found as a waif at Sheffield. June.

Page 185, add: la. L. scariola L. A taller plant than Z. virosa, from
which it also differs in its more prickly stem, in its strongly sinuate-pinnatifid
leaves, and in its paler, more hairy achenes.—Well introduced locally in
waste places at Independence, and from the mouth of Sugar Creek to Court-
ney. June-September.

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.

Abutilon, 132
eal pie, 123
Acanthaceae, 176
Aceraceae, 128
Acer, 128
Acerates, 151
Achillea, 205
Acnida, 83
Acorus, 54
Acuan, 110
Adiantum, 5
Adicea, 74
Aesculus, 128
Afzelia, 173
Agastache, 161
Agrimonia, 106
Agropyron, 37
Agrostemma, 87
Agrostis, 26
Ailanthus, 122
Aizoaceae, 85
Alisma, 10
Alismaceae, 9
Allionia, 84
Allium, 59
Alopecurus, 24
Alsine, 88
Amaranthaceae, 82
Amaranthus, 82
Amaryllidaceae, 62
Ambrosiaceae, 186
Ambrosia, 187
Amelanchier, 108
Ammannia, 137
Amorpha, 114 |
Ampelopsis, 130
Amphiachyris, 192
Amygdalus, 109
Anacardiaceae, 126
Anagallis, 147
Andropogon, 15
Androsace, 146
Anemone, 91
Angiospermae, 7
Anonaceae, 90
Antennaria, 197
Authemis, 205
Anthoxanthum, 21
Anychia, 89
Apera, 27
Apiastrum, 143
Apios, 119
Aplectrum, 66
Apocynaceae, 149
Apocynum, 149
Aquilegia, 91
Arabis, 101

Araceae, 54
Araliaceze, 141
Arctium, 207
Arenaria, 88
Argemone, 95
Arisaema, 54
Aristida, 22
Aristolochiaceae, 75
Aristolochia, 75
Artemisia, 206
Asarum, 75
Asclepiadaceae, 150
Asclepias, 150
Asclepiodora, 151
aeons 90

sparagus, 61
aplentnun 4
Aster, 194
Astragalus, 115
Athyrium, 4
Atriplex, 81
Avena, 27
Azolla, 6

Balsaminaceae, 129
Baptisia, 112
Barbarea, 98
Batrachium, 93
Beckmannia, 28
Berberidaceae, 94
Bergia, 134
Betulaceae, 69
Bidens, 203
Bignoniaceae, 175
Bikukulla, 95
Blephilia, 164
Boebera, 205
Boehmeria, 74
Boltonia, 194
Boraginaceae, 156
Botrychium, 1
Bouteloua, 28
Brachyelytrum, 23
Brassica, 98
Brauneria, 200
Bromus, 35
Bursa, 100

Cactaceae, 136
Caesalpiniaceae, 110
Calamagrostis, 26
Calamovilfa, 27
Callirhoe, 182
Callitrichaceae, 126
Callitriche, 126
Camelina, 100
Campanulaceae, 182

229

,

Campanula, 182 .
Camptosorus, 4
Cannabis, 73
Capnoides, 96
Capparidaceae, 102
Caprifoliaceae, 179
Cardamine, 99
Carduus, 208
Carex, 45
Caryophyllaceae, 86
Cassia, 110
Catalpa, 175
Caulophyllum, 94
Ceanothus, 129
Celastraceae, 127
Celastrus, 127
Celtis, 72
Cenchrus, 20
Centaurea, 208
Centunculus, 147
Cephalanthus, 178
Cerastium, 88

Cinna, 26

Circaea, 140
Cistaceae, 134
Claytonia, 85
Clematis, 92
Cleome, 102
Collinsia, 171
Comandra, 75
Commelinaceae, 55
Commelina, 55
Compositae, 188
Conobea, 171
Conringia, 102
Convallariaceae, 61
Convolvulaceae, 152
Convolvulus, 153
Coreopsis, 202
Corispermum, 82
Cornaceae, 145
Cornus, 145
Corylus, 69
Crassulaceae, 102
Crataegus, 108

230

Crotalaria, 112
Croton, 123
Cruciferae, 96
Cubelium, 136
Cucurbitaceae, 181
Cucurbita, 181
Cuscutaceae, 153
Cuscuta, 153
Cycloloma, 81
Cynoglossum, 156
Cyperaceae, 39
Cyperus, 39
Cypripedium, 64

Dactylis, 33
Datura, 169

Dioscorea, 63
Diospyros, 147
Diplachne, 30
Distichlis, 33
Dodecatheon, 147
Draba, 100
Drupaceae, 109
Dryopteris, 4
Duchesnea, 105
Dulichium, 41

Eatonia, 31
Ebenaceae, 147
Echinodorus, 10
Echium, 158
Eclipta, 199
Elatinaceae, 133
Elatine, 133
Eleocharis, 42
Elephantopus, 190
Eleusine, 29
Elymus, 38
Engelmannia, 199
Epilobium, 139
Equisetaceae, 6
Equisetum, 6
Eragrostis, 30
Erechtites, 207
Erigeron, 197
Eriochloa, 16
Eryngium, 142
Erysimum, 102
Erythraea, 148
Erythronium, 60
Euonymus, 127
Eupatorium, 191
Euphorbiaceae, 122
Euphorbia, 124
Euthamia, 194

Fagaceae, 70
Hagopyrum, 76
Falcata, 119
Festuca, 35
Filix, 3
Fimbristylis, 43
Flaveria, 204
Foeniculum, 143
Fragaria, 105
Fraxinus, 148
Froelichia, 84
Fuirena, 44

Gaillardia, 205
Galinsoga, 204
Galium, 178
Gaura, 140
Gemmingia, 63
Gentianaceae, 148
Gentiana, 149
Geraniaceae, 120
Geranium, 120
Gerardia, 173
Geum, 106
Gleditsia, 111
Glycyrrhiza, 116
Gnaphalium, 198
Gonolobus, 152
Gramineae, 11
Gratiola, 172
Grindelia, 192
Grossulariaceae, 103
Gymnocladus, 111
Gymnospermae, 7
Gyrostachys, 65

Habenaria, 65
Haloragidaceae, 140
Hartmannia, 139
Hedeoma, 164
Helenium, 204
Helianthemum, 134
Helianthus, 201
Heliopsis, 199
Hemerocallis, 59
Hemicarpha, 45
Heteranthera, 56
Heuchera, 103
Hibiscus, 132
Hicoria, 66
Hieracium, 186
Hippocastanacers, 128
Holeus, 27
Homalocencbrus, 20
Hordeum, 37
Houstonia, 178
Humulus, 73
Hydrastis, 90
Hydrophyllaceae, 155
Hydrophyllum, 155
Hypericaceae, 133
Hypericum, 133
Hypoxis, 62]
Hystrix, 38

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES

Ilysanthes, 172

Impatiens, 129

Inula, 198
Todanthus, 98
Ipomoea, 152
Tridaceae, 63
Tris, 63
Isanthus, 160
Isoetaceae, 6
Isoetes, 7
TIsopyrum, 90
Iva, 186

Juglandaceae, 66
Juglans, 66
Juncaceae, 57
Juncus, 57
Juniperus, 7
Jussiaea, 138

Kallstroemia, 121
Kochia, 82
Koeleria, 32
Boellip, 164
orycarpus, 32
Kuhnia, 191
Kyllinga, 41

Labiatae, 159
Lacinaria, 191
Lactuca, 184
Lamium, 162
Lappula, 156
Lechea, 134
Lemnaceae, 54
Lemna, 55 -
Lentibulariaceae, 174
Leonurus, 162
Lepidium, 97
Leptandra, 173
Leptilon, 197
Leptochloa, 29
Lespedeza, 118
Liliaceae, 58
Lilium, 60
Limosella, 172
Linaceae, 121
Linaria, 170
Linun, 121
Lithospermum, 157
Loasaceae, 136
Lobelia, 182
Lolium, 36
Lomatium, 142
Lonicera, 180
Lophotocarpus, 10
Lotus, 114
Ludwigia, 138
Lychnis, 87
Lycium, 168
Lycopersicon, 168
Lycopus, 165
Lysimachia, 146
Lythraceae, 136
Lythrum, 137

Macrocalyx, 155
Malus, 108
Malvaceae, 131
Malva, 131
Malvastrum, 132
Marrubium, 161
Martyniaceae, 175
Martynia, 175
Medicago, 113
Meibomia, 116
Melanthaceae, 58
Melanthium, 58
Melica, 32
Melilotus, 113
Melissa, 164
Menispermaceae, 95
Menispermum, 95
Mentha, 165
Mentzelia, 136
Meriolix, 140
Mertensia, 157
Mesadenia, 207
Micrampelis, 182
Mimosaceae, 110
Mimulus, 171
Moehringia, 88
Mollugo, 85
Monarda, 163
Monniera, 171
Monocotyledons, 7
Monolepis, 81
Monotropaceae, 145
Monotropa, 145
Morongia, 110
Moraceae, 72
Morus, 73
Mublenbergia, 22
Myosotis, 157
Myosurus, 92
Myriophyllum, 140

Nabalus, 186
Naiadaceae, 8
Naias, 9
Naumbergia, 147
Nelumbo, 89
Nepeta, 162
Nothocalais, 85
Notholaena, 5
Nothoscordum, 59
Nyctaginiaceae, 84
Nymphaeaceae, 89

Oenothera, 139
Oleaceae, 148
Onagraceae, 138
Onoclea, 3
Onosmodium, 158
Ophioglossaceae, 1
Ophioglossum, 1
Opulaster, 104
Opuntia, 136
Orchidaceae, 64
Orchis, 65
Ornithogalum, 60

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES

Orobanchaceae, 174
Osmundaceae, 2
Osmunda, 2
Ostrya, 69
Oxalidaceae, 120
Oxalis, 120
Oxygraphis, 94

Panax, 141
Panicularia, 34
Panicum, 17
Papaveraceae, 95
Papilionaceae, 111
Parietaria, 74
Parosela, 115
Parsonsia, 137
Parthenium, 199
Parthenocissus, 130
Paspalum, 16
Pastinaca, 142
Pedicularis, 174
Pellaea, 5
Pentstemon, 170
Penthorum, 103
Perilla, 166
Petalostemon, 115
Phalaris, 21
Philotria, 11
Phleum, 24
Phlox, 154
Phragmites, 29
Phrymaceae, 176

| Phryma, 176

Phyla, 159
Physalis, 166
Physalodes, 166
Physostegia, 162
Phytolaccaceae, 84
Phytolacca, 84
Pinaceae, 7
Plantaginaceae, 177
Plantago, 177
Platanaceae, 103
Platanus, 104

Poa, 33
Podophyllum, 94
Pogonia, 65
Polanisia, 102
Polemoniaceae, 154
Polemonium, 155
Polygalaceae, 122
Polygala, 122
Polygonaceae, 75
Polygonum, 77
Polymnia, 198
Polypodiaceae, 2
Polystichum, 3
Polytaenia, 142
Pomaceae, 107
Pontederiaceae, 56
Pontederia, 56
Populus, 68
Portulacaceae, 85
Portulaca, 85 ,
Potamogeton, 8

Potentilla, 105
Primulaceae, 146
Prionopsis, 192
Prunella, 162
Prunus, 109
Psoralea, 114
Pteridophyta, 1
Ptilimnium, 145

uamasia, 60
uamoclit, 152
Quercus, 70

EO

Ranunculaceae, 90
Ranunculus, 92
Ratibida, 200
Rhamnaceae, 129
Rhamnus, 129
Rhus, 126

Ribes, 103
Ricinus, 124
Robinia, 115
Roripa, 99
Rosaceae, 104
Rosa, 107
Rotala, 137
Rubiaceae, 178
Rubus, 104
Rudbeckia, 199
Ruellia, 176
Rumex, 75
Rutaceae, 122

Sabbatia, 148
Sagittaria, 10
Salicaceae, 67
Salix, 68
Salomonia, 61
Salsola, 82

Salvia, 163
Salviniaceae, 5
Sambucus, 179
Sanguinaria, 95
Sanicula, 143
Santalaceae, 74
Saponaria, 87
Saxifragaceae, 103
Schedonnardus, 28
Scirpus, 43
Scleria, 45
Scrophulariaceae, 169
Serophularia, 170
Scutellaria, 161
Sedum, 103
Senecio, 207
Sicyos, 181

Sida, 132
Sieglingia, 29
Silene, 87
Silphium, 198
Simarubaceae, 122
Sinapis, 98
Sisymbrium, 97
Sisyrinchium, 64
Sitilias, 185

231

232

Sium, 144
Smilaceae, 62
Smilax, 62
Solanaceae, 166
Solanum, 168
Solidago, 192
Sonchus, 184
Sophia, 101
Sorghastrum, 15
Sorghum, 15
Sparganiaceae, 8
Sparganium, 8
Spartina, 28
Specularia, 182
Spergula, 89
Spermatophyta, 7
Spiraea, 104
Spirodela, 54
Sporobolus, 24
Stachys, 163
Staphyleaceae, 127
Staphylea, 127
Steironema, 146
Stenophyllus, 43
Stipa, 22
Strophostyles, 120

Symphoricarpus, 180

Symphytum, 158
Syndesmon, 92
Syntherisma, 16

Taenidia, 143
Talinum, 85
Tanacetum, 206
Taraxacum, 184
Tecoma, 175
Teucrium, 160
Thalesia, 175
Thalictrum, 94
Thaspium, 142
Thelesperma, 204
Thlaspi, 97
Tiliaceae, 131
Tilia, 131
Toxylon, 73
Tradescantia, 56
Tragia, 124
Tragopogon, 184
Trifolium, 113
Trillium, 62
Triosteum, 180
Tripsacum, 14

ase a
‘phaceae,
Typha, 8 :
Ulmaceae, 71
Ulmus, 72
Umbelliferae, 141
Uniola, 32
Urticaceae, 73
Urtica, 74

INDEX OF LATIN NAMES

Urticastrum, 74
Utricularia, 174
Uvularia, 59

Vaccaria, 87
Vagnera, 61
Valerianaceae, 181
Valerianella, 181
Vallisneriaceae, 11
Verbascum, 170
Verbenaceae, 158°
Verbena, 158
Verbesina, 202
Vernonia, 190
Veronica, 172
Viburnum, 180
Vicia, 119
Violaceae, 134
Viola, 135.
Vitaceae, 130
Vitis, 130

Washingtonia, 144
Wolffia, 55
Woodsia, 3

Xanthium, 187
Xanthoxylum, 122

Zizania, 20
Zizia, 144
Zygophyllaceae, 121

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Adam-and-Eve, 66
Adder’s-tongue, 1
Agrimony, 107
exanders, Golden, 142
Alfalfa, 113
Alsike clover, 114
Alum-root, 103
Anemone, 91
False Rue, 91
Rue, 97
Apple, May, 94
Apple-of-Peru, 166
Arrow-head, 10
False, 10
Ash, Green, 148
rickly, 122
Red, 148
White, 148
Asparagus, 61
Aster, 195
Swamp, 194
Avens, Rough, 106
Spring, 106
hite, 106

Balm, Garden, 164
Palen Wild, 182
Barley, Wild, 37
Barnyard Grass, 17
Basswood, 131
Bastard Toad-flax, 75
Beaked Hazel-nut, 70
Bean, Castor,124
Wild, 120
Beard-tongue, 170
Beauty, Spring, 85
Bedstraw, Fragrant, 179
Marsh, 179
Wood, 179
Beggar Ticks, 203
Bell-flower, 182
Bells, Blue, 157
Bellwort, 59
Bent-grass, 27
Bergamot, Wild, 163
Bernard’s Violet, 135
Bet, Bouncing, 87
Big Bur-reed, 8
Bindweed, 153
Small, 153
Bishop-weed, Mock, 145
Bitter Cress, 99
Dock, 76
Bittersweet, 127, 168
Black-berry Lily, 64
Wild, 105

233

Black Haw, 180

Jack Oak, 71
Locust, 115
Mustard, 98 *
Nightshade, 168
Oak, 71

Sugar Maple, 128
Sumac, 126
Willow, 68

Bladder-nut, 128

-wort

174
Blazing Star, 191
Blood-root, 95
Blue-bells, 157

-bottle, 208

Cohosh, 94

-eyed Grass, 64
-eyed Mary, 170
-flag, 63

-grass, Kentucky, 34

Blue-weed, 158
Bog Fern, 4
Boneset, 191

False, 191

Bottle-brush Grass, 38
Bouncing Bet, 87
Bower, Virgin’s, 92
Box Elder, 128

Rattle, 113

Brake, Cliff, 5

Powdery Cliff, 5

Breeches, Dutchman’s, 96
Broomgrass, 15
Broomrape, 175
Buckberry, 180

-bush, 180

-eye, 128

-thorn, 129

-wheat, 77
Climbing, 79

Buffalo Bur, 168
Bugle-weed, 165
Bug-seed, 82
Bulrush, 43
Bunch-flower, 58
Bur, Buffalo, 168

Cockle, 187
-cucumber, One-seeded, 181

234 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Bur-reed Slender, 8
Bush, Burning, 127
Butt ‘tton, 178
Clover, 118
Skunk, 137
Butter-and-Eggs, 170

Butter-cup, 92
Butterfly-weed, 150
Butterweed, 207
Buttonbush, 178
Snake-root, 143
-weed, 178

Caltrop. ;
Concnie. Field, 205
Campion, Starry, 87
hite, 87
Canada Lily, 60
Thistle, 208
Canary- hee 21

Southern, 21
Cardinal flower, 183
Carpet-weed, 85
Carrion-flower, 62
Carrot, Wild, 142
Castor Bean, 124
Catalpa, 175
Caich-fly, Night-flowering, 87

Sleepy, 87
Catnip, 162
Cat-tail, 8
Cedar, red, 7
Centaury, ‘western, 148
Chaff Weed, 147
Chaffy Fern, 3
Charlock, 98
Cheeses, 131
Cherry, Ground, 166

Wild, 109
Chervil. 143
Chestnut, ust Oree, 128

i poreed’ 89
Chicory, 184
Chinquapin Oak, 71

Water Lily, 89
Christmas Fern, 3
Cicely, Sweet, 144
Cinquefoil, 105
City Pigweed, 80
Clammy-weed, 102
Clearweed, 74
Cleavers, 179
Clematis, 92
Cliff- pee

Powder:
Climbing Pe waa 79

Climbing Milkweed, 152
Clover, 113
Alsike, 113
Bush, 118
Prairie, 115
Red, 113
Sour, 120
Sweet, 113
White, 114
Cockle-bur, 187
Corn, 87
Cohosh, Blue, 94
Coffee Senna, 111
-tree, Kentucky, 111
Columbine, 9
Comfrey, 158
Common Milkweed, 151
Scouring Grass, 6
Thistle, 208
Vetch, 119
Compass Plant, 199
Cone-flower, 199, 200;
Purple, "200
oe Elm, 72
Corn Cockle, 87
-field Mowing Glory, 153
Gromwell, 157
Indian, 96
Salad, 181
Speedwell, ate
Cotton-wood, 6
Couch-grass, ea
Cow-herb, 88
Crab-apple, Wild, 108

Creaeh Witgiada, 130
Creeping Pigweed, 83
Cress, Bitter, 99
Penny, 97
Rock, 101
‘Water, 99
Winter, 98
Yellow’ Water, 99
Crisped meer 132
Crowfoot, 9
White Water, 93
Yellow-water, 93
Crownbeard, 202
Culver’ 8-root, 173

Gurled: dock, 76
Cut Grass, 20

Daisy, Ox-eye, 205
Dandelion, 184

Dewberry, 105
Ditch Stone -crop, 103
Dock, Bitter, 76

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Dock, Curled, 76
Patience,” 76
Prairie, 199
River, 76
Swamp, 76
Tall, 76
White, 76

Dodder, 153

Dogbane, 149
-fennel, 205
-tooth violet, 60
-wood, 145

Dotted Millet, 16

Downy Grape, 130

Dragon, Green, 54
-head, False, 162

Dropseed Grass, 24

Duck-weed, 54

Dutchman’s Breeches, 96

Ebony Spleenwort, 5
Elecampane, 198
Elder-berry, 180

Box, 1

Mars!
Blophant fot, 191
a tie: a

ippery,

White, 72
Enchanter’s Nightshade, 140
Evening Primose, White, 140

Yellow, 139, 140

Everlasting, 197, 198

False Arrowhead, 10
Boneset, 191
Chess, 36
Dandelion, 185
Dragon-hend, 162
Flax, 10
Garlic, 20
Grape, 130
Gromwell, 158

Penny-royal 160
False Pimpernel, 172
Rue-anemone, 91
Sensitive Plant, 110
Solomon’s Seal, 61
Sun-flower, 199
Feather Geranium, 81
Fennel, es
Dog, 205
‘lepved ean 142

Gre 2

Maiden-hale: &
Rattle-snake, 1
Sensitive, 3

Fern ene
Wood d,
Fescue Gee. 35
Meadow, 35
Fetid Marigold, 205
Feverwort, 180
Field Camomile, 205
hess, 36
Figwort, 170
Fireweed, 207
Five-finger, 106
Flag, Blue, 63
Sweet, 54
Flame-flower, 85
Flax, 12
Bastard ii 75
False, 10
Fleabane ign
Flower, Bunch, 58
Bell, 182
Day, 55
Flame, 85
Monkey 171
Flowerin Fern, 2
Flower-o: San-hour, 132
Fog-fruit, 159
Forget-me-not, 157
Forked Chickweed, 89
Foxglove, Yellow, 173
Foxtail Grass, 20
Green, 20
Marsh, 24
Yellow, 20
Fragrant Bedstraw, 179
Sumac, 127
Frost Grape, 130
Weed, 134

Gama Grass, 15
Garden Balm, 164
Garlic, False, 60
Gentian, 149
Geranium, Feather, 81
Wild, 120
Ghost Plant, 146
Giant Hyssop, 161
Ginger, Wild, 75
Ginseng, 140
Golden Alexanders, 142

Seal, 9
Pee en Wild, 103
Goose-grass, 179
-plum, 109
Grape, Downy, 130
‘alse, 130
-fern, 2
Frost, 130
June, 130
Summer, 130
Grass, Barnyard, 17
Bent, 27
Blue-eyed, 64
Bottle-brush, 38
Broom, 15

235

236

Grass, Bur, 20
Cc

Cut, 20
Dropseed, 24
Fescue, 35
Foxtail, 20
Gama, 15
Goose, 179
Green Foxtail, 20
Hair, 26
Hungarian, 20
Indian, 15
Johnson, 16
Kentucky Blue, 34
Long-awned wood, 24
Manna, 34
Marsh, 28
Foxtail, 24
Meadow, 33, 34
Fescue, 35
Melic, 32
Mesquite, 28
Orchard, 33
Panic, 17
Pepper, 97
Porcupine, 22
Rattle-snake, 29
Red-top, 26
Reed, 26, 27, 29
Reed Canary, 21
Rough Meadow, 34
Rush, 24

Rye, 36

Sand, 30

Southern Canary, 21
Spear, 33

Spear, 33

Spike, 32, 33

eapiirelwtll 38

Star,

Tall Red-top, 29
Three Awned, 22
Thin, 26
Timothy, 24
Velvet, 27

Wood, 34

Wood Reed, 26
Yard, 29

Yellow Foxtail, 20

Green Ash, 148

-brier, 62
Dragon, 54
Foxtail Grass, 20
Milkweed, 151
Violet, 135

Gromwell, Corn, 157

False, 158
Wood, 157

Ground Cherry, 166

Ivy, 162

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Gronnd Nut, 119

Gum-plant, 192
Hackberry, 72
Hair Grass, 26
Hairy Spiderwort, 56
Violet, 135
Haw, Black, 180
Red, 108
Hawkweed, Prairie, 186,
Hazel-nut, 69
Hedge-hyssop, 172
-mustard, 97
-nettle, 163
Hemlock, Water, 144
Hemp, 73
Water, 83
Henbit, 163
Herb, Willow, 139
Hickory, Shell-bark, 67
High Mallow, 131
Hoarhound, Water, 165
White, 161
Hoary Puccoon, 157
Hog Peanut, 119
Plum, 109
Weed, 187
Honewort, 145
Honey Locust, 111
Plant, 102
‘suckle, 180
Wild, 91

op, 73
Medic, 113

Hornwort, 89
Horse Chestnut, 128

-nettle, 168
Horse-nettle, White, 168

Radish, 99

-tail, 6

-weed, 187, 197

Low, 197

Hound’s-tongue, 156
Hungarian Grass, 20
Hyacinth, Wild, 60
Hyssop, Giant, 161
Hedge, 172
Water, 171

Indian Corn, 96
Grass, 15
Plantain, 207
Pipe, 146
Strawberry, 105
Tobacco, 183, 197

Indigo, False, 114
Wild, 112

Tron-weed, 190
-wood, 69

Ivy, Ground, 162
Poison, 127

Jack-in-the-Pulpit, 54
Jacob’s Ladder, 155
Japanese Morning-glory, 153

H

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Jimpson-weed, 169
Joe-pye Weed, 191
Johnson Grass, 16
June Grape, 130

Kentucky Blue-grass, 34
Coffee-tree, 111

King-nut, 67

Knot-weed, 77

Ladder, Jacob’s, 155
Ladies’ Slipper, 64
Tresses, 65
Lady-cigar Tree, 175
Fern, 4
Larkspur, 91
Lead-plant, 115
Leaf-cup, 198
Stick, 136
Velvet, 132
.Water, 155
Lemon Mint, 164
Lettuce, eee 185

Canada, 60
Chinqueqin Water, 89
Day, 59
March, 60
Turk’s-cap, 60
Liquorice, Wild, 116, 179
Locust, Black, 115
Honey, 111
Log Orchid, Nodding, 65
Looking-glass, Venus’, 182
Loose-strife, 137
Tufted, 147
Yellow, 146
Lopseed, 177
Lousewort, 174
Low Horseweed, 197
Senna, 111
Thistle, 208
Willow, 69

Maiden-hair Fern, 5

Rose, 132
Yellow, 132
Manna Grass, 34
Man-of-the-Earth, 152
Maple, Black Sugar, 128
-leaved. Pig-weed, 81
Sugar, 128
White, 128
March Lily, 60
Marigold, Bur, 203
Fetid, 205
Marsh Bedstraw, 179
Elder, 186
Fox-tail Grass, 24

Marsh Purslane, 138
Grass, 28.
Mary, Blue-eyed, 171
Matrimony Vine, 169
May Apple, 94
Meadow, Fescue Grass, 35
Grass, 33, 34
Rough, 34
Parsley, 144
Parsnip, 142
Rue, 94
-sweet, 104
Medic, Hop, 113
. Toothed, 113
Melic Grass, 32
Mercury, Three-seeded, 123
Mesquite Grass, 28
Mexican Tea, 81
Milfoil, 205
Water, 141
Milk Vetch, 115

-wort, 122
Millet, 19, 20
Dotted, 16
Mint, Lemon, 164
Mountain, 164
Wild, 165
Wood, 164
Woolly, 165
Missouri Violet, 135
Mock Bishop-weed, 145
Mocker-nut, 67
Moneywort, 146
Monkey-flower, 171
Moonseed, 95
Morning-glory, 152
Corn-field, 153
Japanese, 153
Purple, 152
Red, 152
Swamp, 152
Motherwort, 162
Moth Mullen, 170
Mountain Mint, 164
Mousetail, 92
Mud-plantain, 57
Smaller, 57
Mudweed, 199
Mudwort, 172
Mulberry, 73
Mullen, 170
Moth, 170
Mustard, Black, 98
Hedge, 97
Tall, 98
Tansy, 101
Treacle, 102
White, 98

237

238 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Narrow-leaved Pigweed, 80
Neckweed, 173
Needles, Spanish, 204
Nettle, Fa se, 74

Hedge, 163

Horse, 168

White, 168

Slender, 74

Wood, 74
New Jersey Tea, 129
Nigger-head, 200
Night-flowering Catch-fly, 87
Night-shade, Black, 168

Enchanter’s, 140
Nimble-will, 23
Ninebark, 104
Nodding Log Orchid, 65
Nut, Ground, 119

Oak, Black, 71
Jack, 71
Bur, 71
Chestnut, 71
Chinquapin, 71
Post, 71
Red, 70
Shingle, 71
Swamp White, 71
Texas Red, 70
White, 71
Oats, 28
. False, 27
Obedient Plant, 162
One-seeded Bur-cucumber, 181
Onion, Wild, 59
Orache, Spreading, 82
Orange, Osage, 73
Orchard Grass, 33
Orchid, Nodding Log, 65
Orchis, Prairie, 65
Showy, 65
Osage Orange, 73
Ox-eye Daisy, 205
‘Oyster Plant, 184

Panic Grass, 17
Pansy, Wild, 135
Papaw, 90
Parsley, Fennel-leaved, 142
Meadow, 144
Prairie, 142
Parsnip, Meadow, 142
ild, 142

ia,
Partridge Pea, 111
Patience Dock, 76
Peach, 109
Peanut, Hog, 119
Pea, Partridge, 111
Pear, Prickly, 136
Pecan, 67

Pellitory, 74
Penny-cress, 97
-royal, 164
False, 160
J Spring, 164
Pepper-grass,
Seine 165
-root, 100
Persimmon, 147
Petunia, Wild, 176
Phlox, Wild, 154
Pickerel-weed, 56
Pignut, 67
Pigweed, 80
City, 80
Creeping, 83
Maple-leaved, 81
Narrow-leaved, 80
Prairie, 80
Rough, 83
Slender, 83

ellow, 143
Pink, Prairie, 148
Pinweed, 134
Pipe, Indian, 146
Plantain, 177

Indian, 207

Mud, 57

Smaller Mud, 57
Plant, Compass, 190

Cup, 199

Ghost, 146

'

Ground, 116

Hoe 109

Wild, 109
Poison Ivy, 127
Poke-berry, 84
Pond-weed, 8
Poor-man’s Weather-glass, 147
Poplar, Silver-leaf, 68
Poppy Mallow, 132

rickly, 95

Powdery Cliff-brake, 5

Prairie Clover, 115
Dock, 199
Hawkweed, 186
Milkweed, 151
Orchis, 65
Parsley, 142

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 239

Prairie Pigweed, 80
Pink, 148
Rose, 107
Trefoil, 114
Turnip, 114
Violet, 135
Prickly Ash, 122
Lettuce, 185
Mallow, 132
Pear, 136
Poppy, 95
Sensitive Plant, 110
Puccoon, 157
Hoary, 157
Pumpkin, Wild, 181
Purple Cone-flower, 200
Purple Milkweed, 150
orning-glory, 152
Rocket, 99
Purse, Shepherd’s, 100
Purslane, Marsh, 138
Water, 137
Pussley, 85

Quillwort, 7

Radish, Horse, 99
Ragweed, 187
i Southern, 187

Western, 187
Rape, 98

Broom, 175
Raspberry, Wild, 105
Rattle-box, 113
Rattle-snake Fern, 1

Grass, 29

Red Ash, 148

Bud, 110

Cedar, 7

Clover, 113

Haw, 108

Morning-glory, 152

Oak, 70

-top Grass, 26

Tall, 29

Reed Canary Grass, 21

Grass, 26, 27, 29

Wood,
Rice, Wild, 20
River-dock, 76
-weed, 171
Rock-Cress, 101
Rocket, Purple, 99
Root, Alum, 103
ulver’s, 173
Rose Mallow, 132
Prairie, 107
Wild, 107
Rosin-weed, 199
Rough Avens, 106
Meadow Grass, 34
Pigweed, 83
Rue Anemone, 91
False, 91
Meadow, 94

Rush, 57
Bul-, 43
Grass, 24
Nut, 45

Spike, 42
Russian Thistle, 82
Rye Grass, 36

Wild, 38

| Sage, Wild, 163

Wood, 160
Salad, Corn, 181
Sand-bar Willow, 69

-grass, 30

-wort, 88
Sanicle, 143

| Scouring-rush, Common, 6

Slender, 6

Stout, 6
Seal, False Solomon’s, 61
Golden, 90
Solomon’s, 61

| Sedge, 45

Self-heal, 162
Senna, Coffee, 111
Low, 111
Wild, 111
Sensitive Fern, 3
-plant, False, 110
Prickly, 110
Service-berry, 108
Sheep Sorrel, 76
Shell-bark Hickory, 67
Shepherd’s Purse, 100
Shingle Oak, 71
Shooting Star, 147
Showy Orchis, 65
Silver-leaf Poplar, 68
Silver Maple, 128
Silvery Spurge, 123
Skullcap, 161
Skunk Bush, 127
Sleepy Catchfly, 87
Slender Bur-reed, 8
Crab-grass, 16
Nettle, 74
Pigweed, 83
Scouring-rush, 6
Slipper, Ladies’, 64
Slippery Elm, 72
Small Bindweed, 153
Smaller Mud-plantain, 57-
Small Spleenwort, 4
Smart-weed, 77
Smooth Crab-grass, 17
Spiderwort, 56
Sumac, 127
Snake-root, Button, [43
Virginia, 75
White, 191
Sneezeweed, 204
Spike Rush, 42
Soft Chess, 36
Solomon’s Seal, 61
False, 61

240 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Sorrel, Sheep, 76
Wood, 120
Sour Clover, 120
Southern Canary-grass, 21
Rag-weed, 187
Spear-grass, 33
Sowbane, 81
Sow Thistle, 184
Spanish Needles, 204
Spear Grass, 33
Spearmint, 165
Speedwell, Corn, 173
Water, 172
Spiderwort, Hairy, 56
Smooth, 56
Western, 56
Spike Grass, 32-33
Spiny Pigweed, 88
piny Pigweed,
Spleenwort, Ebony, 5
Small, 4
Tall, 4
Spreading Orache, 82
Pigweed, 81
Avens, 106
Spring Beauty, 85
Penny-royal, 164
Spurge, 124
Silvery, 123
Stinging, 124
Spurry, 89
Squaw-weed, 207
Squirrel-tail Grass, 38
Star, Blazing, 191

Strawberry, Indian, 105
Wild, 105
Sugar Maple, 128
Black, 128
Sumac, Black, 126
Fragrant, 127
Smooth, 127
Summer Grape, 130
Sun-flower, 201
False, 199
Tickseed, 203
Swamp Aster, 194
Dock, 76
Milkweed, 150
Morning-glory, 152
Swamp Violet, 136
ite Oak, 71

Sweet Brier, 107
Cicely, 144
Clover, 113
Flag, 54
Meadow, 104
William, Wild, 154
Sycamore, 104

Tall Dock, 76
Mustard, 98
Red-top Grass, 29
Spleenwort, 4

istle, 208

Tansy, 206
Mustard, 101

Tarweed, 138

Tea, Mexican, 81
New Jersey, 129

Tearthumb, 79

Texas Red Oak, 70

Thin Grass, 26

Thistle, Canada, 208
Common, 208
Low, 208
Russian, 82
Sow, 184
Star, 208
Tall, 208

Thoroughwort, 191

Three-awned Grass, 22

Three-seeded mercury, 123

Ticks, Beggar, 203

Tickseed, 202
Sun-flower, 203

Timothy Grass, 24

Toad-flax, Bastard, 75

Tobacvo, Indian, 183, 197

Tomato, 168

Tongue, Beard, ‘170

ound’s, 156

Toothed Medie, 113

Touch-me-not, 129

Treacle Mustard, 102

Tree, Lady-cigar, 175
of Heaven, 122

Trefoil, Prairie, 114

Tresses, Ladies’, 65

Trumpet Vine, 175

Tafted Loosestrife, 147

Tumble-weed, 83

Turk’s-cap Lily, 60

Turnip, 98
Prairie, 114

Turtle-head, 170

Umbrella-wort, 84
Unicorn Plant, 176

Velvet-grass, 27

-leaf, 132
Venus’ Looking-glass, 182
Verbena, Wild, 159
Vernal-grass, 21
Vervain, 158
Vetch, 119

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 241

Vetch, Common, 119
Milk, 115
_ Wild, 119
Vine, Matrimony, 169

A mpet, 175
Violet, Bernard’s, 135
Dog-tooth, 60

Green, 136
Hairy, 135
Missouri, 135
Swamp, 136
Wood, 135
Yellow, 135
Virginia Creeper, 130
Snake-root, 75
Virgin’s Bower, 92

Wake-robin, 62

Walking Fern, 4

Wall-flower, Western, 102

Walnut, 66

Water Cress, 99

Yellow, 99
Crow-foot, 93
White, 93
? Yellow, 93

Hemlock, 144
Hemp, 83
Hoarhound, 165
Hyssop, 171
-leaf, 155
-lily, Chinquapin, 89
-milfoil, 141
-plantain, 10
-purslane, 137
Speedwell, 172
Star-grass, 57
Starwort, 126
-weed, 11

-wort, 133

Weather-glass, Poor-man’s, 147
Weed, Blue, 158

Joe-pye, 191
Mud. 199

Avens, 106
Campion, 87

White Clover, 113
Dock, 76
Elm, 72
Evening Primrose, 140
Hoarhound, 161
Horse Nettle, 168
Lettuce, 186
Henle, 128
Milkweed, 151
Mustard, 98
Oak, 71
Swamp, 71
Snakeroot, 191
Water Crowfoot, 93
Willow, 68
Whitlow-grass, 100
‘Widow’s-cross, 103
Wild Balsam-apple, 182
Barley, 37
Bean, 120
Bergamot, 163
Blackberry, 105
Carrot, 142
Cherry, 109
Chess, 36
Crab-apple, 108
Geranium, 120
Ginger, 75
Gooseberry, 103
Honeysuckle, 91
Hyacinth, 60
Indigo, 112
Lettuce, 184
Liquorice, 116, 179
Mint, 165
Onion, 59
Pansy, 135
Parsnip, 142
Petunia, 176
Phlox, 154
Plum, 109
Pumpkin, 181
Raspberry, 105
Rice, 20
Rose, 107
Rye, 38
Sage, 163
Senna, 111
Strawberry, 105
Sweet William, 154
Verbena, 159
Vetch, 119

am, 63
Will, Nimble, 23
Willow, 68

Black, 68
-herb, 139
Low, 69
Sand-bar, 69

Wire Grass, 33
Witch Grass, 19

242 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Wood Bedstraw, 179 Wormwood, 206
Fern, 3
Grass, 34 Yam, Wild, 63
Long-awned, 24 Yard-grass, 29
Gromwell, 157 Yarrow, 205
Tron, 69 | Yellow Evening Primrose, 139, 140
Mint, 164 Fox-glove, 173
Nettle, 74 Fox-tail Grass, 20
Pig-weed, 80 Loosestrife, 146
Reed-grass, 26 Mallow, 132
Sage, 160 Yellow Pimpernel, 143
Sorrel, 120 Violet, 135
Violet, 135 Water Cress, 99
Woolly Mint, 165 Crowfoot, 93
Pigweed, 84 Weed, 192

Wormseeed, 81