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ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

New York STATE COLLEGES
OF
AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS

AT

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Ferns: British & foreign.The history, or

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924001743032

FERNS: BRITISH & FOREIGN.

THEIR HISTORY, ORGANOGRAPHY, CLASSIFICATION,

AND ENUMERATION.

WITH

A TREATISE-ON THEIR CULTIVATION,

ETC. ETC.

BY JOHN SMITH, A.L.S.

ACAD. CHS. NAT. CUE, B0C.,

aND EX-CURATOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW,

LONDON:
ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY,

CONTENTS.

PREFACE.,......... en re sian eamERtS oq 1®
I. History oF tHE Inrropuction or Exoric Ferns ... 1

II. OreanocraPHy, EXPLANATION OF THE TERMS USED
1n Descrisine FErns ...... Ginx thicesesses wiseaen saviavaceve AA

‘TI. CLASSIFICATION OF FERNS EXPLAINED .......0005 Gace 56

{V. Geyeric CHARACTER AND ENUMERATION OF CULTI-
VATED SPECIES ........ sjaaisolvarnaed Susana Fengte Pemettenawed 73

V. Erymotoey, tor Mranine or THE GENERIC Nawés... 293

VI. Tue CuttivaTion oF FErRyS.....
I. Pretiminary Remarks.

II. SpectaL on Pot CULTIVATION ..........ceeeeeeee .. 808
TIT. Navturat CULTIVATION ......cccececeeeeeeeueeee sarhOae
IV. Warpian Case CULTIVATION ......... sisscneat .. 354

V. PROPAGATION ....... weeiaats nadaenneWaeerGindeaeste waney OOF

VII. List or AvTHors anD Books QUOTED IN THIS
WORK: =tavanestsesienibeaessmadaniesopamihivsaiecemnimaeeinag Ble

VIII. Generat InpEx or GENERA, SPECIES, AND Syn-
ONYMES ....... sec teeee ee eeeneeneeaaes aaltleman@eaaitein ouiectnine OO

IX. INDEX OF SPECIAL 'PERMS ..cecssseececeeeseeeeseeseseeees 411

=,
> J
Re 4

WF
”, Fitch, det,
&.

Ww Rugte.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

ORGANOGRAPHY, page 44.

Annulate Sporangia—
Fic. 1. Sporangium with a vertical ring, mag. 100 diameters.
2. + horizontal ring, mag. 100 diameters.
3. apical ring, mag. 100 diameters.
(a) Spores of sacle highly magnified, 200 and 300 diameters.

Lxannulate—
Fic. 4. Sporangia (two) free, opening by a vertical slit,
mag. 25 diameters.
5. Sporangia united (synangium), Gpautiig by pores, mag. 7
diameters.
6. Sporangia united (synangium), opening by slits, mag. 9
diameters. ,
(a) Spores of each highly magnified, 300 diameters.

Indusia—
Fig. 7; Indusium peltate orbicular, slightly magnified.
8. 7‘ lateral reniform, ditto.
9. ” calyciform, ditto.
10. 9 linear, interiorly attached, _— ditto.
11. ” valvate, ditto.

12, universal, ditto.

PREFACE.

EARLY ten years have now elapsed since my
N “Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns” was pub-
lished. During that period many new and fine species
have been introduced to the gardens of this country.
I have therefore been induced to draw up the follow-
ing enumeration, including in it all the species that
have come under my notice in a living state, either by
the evidence of plants in the Kew collection or by
specimens from living plants sent me from various
sources.

Thinking it might be interesting to Fern growers,
T have drawn up a brief history of the introduction
of Exotic Ferns from the earliest records to the present
time.

In order to assist students in the study of Ferns,
an explanation is given of the principal organs and
terms used in describing them, as well as remarks
on their classification. I have also given an alpha-
betical list of the generic names, accompanied with
the derivation of each name.

Great complaints are frequently made, and not with-

x PREFACE,

out good reason, of the many names given to the same
plant; to assist in correcting this, I have drawn up a
complete Index of the species and synonymes noticed
in this work ; therefore, by turning to the page referred
to in the Index, the name will be ‘found either with a
number before it showing it to be the adopted name, or
following the same as a synonyme, or what it has been
and is still called by some writers and cultivators.
Although this Index contains nearly three thousand
names, yet, it must be understood, I have only taken
up the synonymes that I consider most essential ;
those who desire to enter more fully into this subject,
may consult the “ Index Filicum” of Mr. T. Moore—
a work which, when completed, will be a treasure to
pteridologists.

With regard to the wood-cuts, I have to explain
that about half of the number were not specially pre-
pared for this work; these, in general, represent a
portion of the fronds of their natural size,"in some
cases without fructification, the venation only being
given. The drawings for the other half have been made
principally from specimens in my herbarium or from
living plants. In many of them a magnified portion
of the frond is given, showing the character of the
genus more distinctly.

As a companion to the scientific enumeration, I
have given a treatise on their cultivation, which occu-
pies a considerable space in this book, and it is hoped
will be of service to the Fern-growing public,

PREFACE. xi

In drawing up this treatise I have been greatly
assisted by Mr. Henry Prestoe and Mr. William Gower
(both recently foremen in the Fern department at
Kew), two highly scientific and nature-observing
practical cultivators.

In conclusion, I have to thank Dr. Berthold Seemann
and R. Heward, Esq., for looking over the proofs as
they passed through the press. Several causes have
occurred to delay the publication of this work; the
principal one being a partial failure of my sight,
incapacitating me from much use of the pen and
examination of new garden Ferns, which I trust will
be accepted as my excuse for any errors or omissions
that may be found in the following pages.

J. SMITH,
Ex-Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.

Kew, May, 1866,

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS.

HOUGH Ferns now occupy a conspicuous place

in our gardens, and are in high favour with
cultivators, it is only in comparatively recent times
that they have been brought into notice. During the
last - century certain classes of plants came into
fashion, and after-a season of popularity again fell
into disrepute. Thus: Tulips were once the rage.
At the time of the establishing of the several pro-
vincial Botanic Gardens, all of which were founded
upon a strictly botanical footing, though many of them
have now, to a greater or less extent, degenerated
‘into places of amusement, the plants in greatest demand
were those of our New Holland and Cape colonies,
’ principally the Heaths, Proteas, Aloes, and their
kindred. In after-years dealers obtained large prices
for Cactuses; but, with the exception of a few of
the easily-grown and most showy kinds, these are
now scarcely saleable. Still more recently the magni-
ficent-flowering Orchids were promoted to the first
place in our gardens; and though these may still be
said to maintain their position, the expense attending

B

2 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

their cultivation is so great that they are for the
most part confined to the gardens of the wealthy.
Ferns, on the contrary, may, as a general rule,
be grown in a comparatively inexpensive manner.
The discovery made by Mr. N. B. Ward, that these.
plants can be grown to great perfection in small
ornamental closed cases (now well known as “ Wardian
Cases”’), suitable not only for the drawing-rooms of
the wealthy, but for humbler dwellings, renders it pos-
sible for amateurs to indulge their love of Ferns without
going to the expense of erecting hothouses and em-
ploying a staff of gardeners; and it is to be hoped
that this will be the means of retaining them in favour
and spreading them still wider.

The enumeration in the following pages shows that
at the present time above nine hundred exotic species of
Ferns are cultivated in the various public and private
gardens in this country; and of these by far the
greater number have been introduced during the last
quarter of a century. A very large, indeed almost
a complete, collection of them may at present be
seen in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, where,
during forty years, I devoted attention to their
cultivation, and to the study of their generic and
specific distinctions, using every endeavour in my
power, assisted by the extensive influence of the
eminent Director, Sir W. J. Hooker, to introduce
new species, both by raising them from spores
taken from my herbarium, and through correspon-
dence with persons residing in our Colonies and the
Superintendents of Botanic and other gardens on the
Continent. Being well acquainted with the latter
branch of the subject,—the introduction of new

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 3

species,—I have thought that a few pages devoted to
the history of these plants in its connection with our
gardens might prove acceptable. My own personal
knowledge dates from about the year 1822; and for
information respecting those in cultivation previous
to that time, I have taken for my guide the most im-
portant and most reliable of the garden catalogues.
The first work upon which dependence c can be placed
for the early-introduced species is the so-called second
edition of the “ Hortus Kewensis,” published by the
younger Aiton, in 1813; I say the so-called, for there
were in reality two previous editions—one by Dr. John
Hill, in 1768, and a second by William Aiton, in
1789. In the first of these only ten exotic species
are recorded as being in the garden at Kew, which
then belonged to the Princess of Wales, but the
dates of their introduction are not given; and in
the second, that of the elder Aiton, thirty-four, all
of which have the name of their supposed introducer
attached to them, and the date at which they were
introduced. Ihere give preference to the last edition,
as I know, frorh personal intercourse with the com-
pilers, that great care was exercised in its prepara-
tion, particularly with regard to the rectification of
dates, and I shall take it as the basis of my remarks.
‘But, in the first place, it is necessary to say a few.
words in defence of that work. It has been
asserted that a considerable number of. the plants
enumerated in the “ Hortus Kewensis” never existed
in a living state, either in the garden at Kew or
elsewhere in this country. This statement, however,
is merely supposition, and rests upon questionable
authority. In the early days of Kew Gardens, large
B 2

4; FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

sums of money were devoted to the payment of bota-
nical collectors, and great exertions were made, under
the patronage of Sir Joseph Banks, to stimulate the
introduction of new and rare plants, by inducing the
commanders of ships of war and East-Indiamen to
take an interest in the subject. By these means a
very large number of plants were actually introduced
into the country in a living state ; but the Department
under whose charge the garden then was, took no
steps to provide proper accommodation ; and this,
together with the very frequent change of foremen,
led, as a natural consequence, to the death of the |
plants.

Taking, then, the third “ Hortus Kewensis,” and
excluding our indigenous species, I find that the total
number of “Garden Ferns”? introduced previously to
the year 1813 amounts to as many as eighty-three. The
merit of being the first- introducer of these plants
belongs to Mr. John Tradescant* the younger, who in
early life made a voyage to Virginia; and I find it
recorded in Parkinson’s ‘“ Theatrum Botanicum,”
published in 1640, that upon his réturn from that
country in 1628 he brought with him, amongst other
rare plants, the Cystopteris bulbifera and Adiantum
pedatum. These, therefore, must be regarded as the
nucleus of our present large collections. At first
the progress seems to have been exceedingly slow, for
between the time of Tradescant and the close of the
seventeenth century, only five additional species were
introduced ; viz., Asplenium rhizophyllum and Onoclea

* John Tradescant had a Botanic Garden and Museum at
Lambeth.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 5

sensibilis from North America, the former in 1680 and
the latter in 1699, in which year also Adiantum reni-
forme and Davallia Canariensts were brought from
Madeira, while the fifth, Blechnwm australe, was,
according to Plukenet, who figured it in the second
part of his “ Phytographia,” cultivated in the King’s
garden at Hampton Court as early as the year 1671,
when his work was published, the garden there
containing a considerable collection of rare plants.
During the next forty-two years no additions appear
to have been made, excepting the Phlebodium
aureum, which was introduced by Lord Petre at
some time prior to 1742, the date of his death, the
precise year being unknown. Progressing onwards,
Ido not find any more recorded until the year 1769 ;
but between that year and the commencement of
the following century sixty-eight species were added
to the eight already existing in our gardens. Out of
this large number, no less than thirty-seven were
brought home by Rear-Admiral Bligh, in H.M.S.
Providence, on his return, in 1793, from his second
voyage, undertaken for the purpose of introducing
the Bread-fruit and other useful trees into our West
Indian colonies. And, finally, during the first few
years of the present century, up to 1813, the date of
the publication of the “Hortus Kewensis,” seven
others were introduced.
. Asummary of the foregoing shows that upwards
of one-half of the Ferns known at the last-mentioned
date were West Indian species, forty-four having been
received at various times from those islands, the
majority through Bligh’s expedition. North America
and Madeira, with the neighbouring islands, stand

6 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

next as the largest contributors, fifteen having been
introduced from the former and twelve from the latter
country ; while of the remaining sixteen, four appear:
to have come from the East Indies, four from the
Cape of Good Hope,-three from New Holland, and:
one from St. Helena,—making in all eighty-three
species.

The next catalogue of garden plants worthy of
notice is the “Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis,”
published in 1818, only five years after the “ Hortus
Kewensis,” by Mr. Sweet, the Superintendent of the
then celebrated nursery of Mr. Colville, at Chelsea.
In it I find an enumeration of one hundred and eight
exotic ferns; but this work, like the similar more im-
portant “Hortus Britannicus,” brought out by the in-
defatigable Loudon in 1830, and which contains no less
than three hundred and thirty exotic Ferns, includes”
not only a considerable proportion of bad species,
but also a large number that did not really exist
in British gardens, many having been entered without
authentic evidence, and others added upon the mere
expectation that they might ‘shortly be introduced,—
expectations which, in many cases, have not been
realized to this day. No reliance can therefore be
placed upon either of these works, and I cannot
accept them as authorities.

During the latter part of the eighteenth century and
the commencement of the nineteenth, the only pri-
vate individuals who turned their attention, with any
amount of energy, to the introduction of new and
rare plants, were the long- and far-famed nurserymen
at Hackney, the Messrs. Loddiges; and to them
we owe the greater part, if not the whole, of the

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 7

Ferns existing at that period in British gardens,
and not included in the “Hortus Kewensis.”
Speaking from my personal recollection of the im-
portant collection of plants in the Hackney Nursery,
as it existed in the year 1825, I think it contained
about a hundred good species of exotic Ferns; but I
can obtain no earlier catalogue than one published
in 1849, in which two hundred and fifty-one are
enumerated,

In the year 1822 I found the collection of Ferns at
Kew extremely poor, especially as regards Tropical
species, very many of those introduced in previous
years having been lost, and very few new ones added.
Any person who remembers the hothouses in existence
forty years ago, will have but little difficulty in
accounting for the falling off of the Fern collection.
In those days hot-water pipes were unknown, and
the houses were exclusively heated by means of
brick flues, too often imperfectly constructed, and
the excessively dry and ungenial atmosphere thus
induced was quite unsuited for the good cultivation
or even for the mere preservation of these moisture-
loving plants. Nearly all the North American species
enumerated in the “‘ Hortus Kewensis” were growing
very finely in a north border, and most of the Madeira
species were also in existence; but, including these
and the few added since 18138, I cannot estimate the
entire Kew collection of exotic Ferns at that period
at more than forty species.

Between 1813 and 1846, when my first Catalogue
of the Ferns at Kew appeared, no reliable list
was published in this country. Several, however,
were brought out by Continental botanists, which

8 FERNS: BRITISH AND’ FOREIGN.

are of sufficient importance to be worthy of a passing
notice. The first of these in point of date is the
“ Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Bero-
linensis,” by Wildenow, published in 1809, with a
Supplement by Schlechtendal, bringing it down to
1813. We are thus enabled to compare the num-
bers in the Kew and Berlin gardens at the same
period; which were eighty-three in the former, and
thirty in the latter, including eleven not known at
Kew. During the succeeding nine years more atten-
tion appears to have been given to Ferns at the
Berlin garden; for Link, in his first ‘‘ Enumeratio,”
in 1822, describes ninety-one exotic species, which
is more than double the number then existing at
Kew. After this the increase in number was still
more rapid; for in the second edition of Link’s
“ Enumeratio,” published in 1883, no less than two
hundred and thirty-nine are described; and in the
third, in 1841, two hundred and fifty-eight, exclusive
of varieties.

By this time, however, the collection at Kew had
received large additions, both through importations
of living plants and by raising from spores. In
1845 it was so. extensive that I was induced to
draw up a classified enumeration, which was pub-
lished as an appendix to the Botanical Magazine for
1846. The number of exotic species there enume-
rated is three hundred and forty-eight, and I do not
think many were to be found in other gardens in
this country which were not at Kew, so that the Kew
list may be taken as a guide to the number then
in British gardens generally.

Four years later, Kunze, of Leipzig, contributed to

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 9

the 28rd-volume of the “Linnea” an alphabetical index
of the Ferns cultivated in European gardens, and in
this the large number of eight hundred and forty-three
exotic species, are enumerated; but the authorities
upon which a very considerable portion of these were
inserted cannot be relied upon, many names having
been taken from such catalogues as those of Sweet,
Loudon, &., and I am therefore obliged to con-
clude that the number given by Kunze as living in
Europe in 1850 is greatly exaggerated. This con-
clusion, too, is confirmed by the fact that in 1857,
after I had by correspondence become acquainted with
the collections in the principal gardens on the Conti-
nent, and after that at Kew had obtained most of their
novelties by means of exchange, I could, in my
“ Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns,’ enumerate only five
hundred and sixty exotic species as known in British
gardens. Since the last-mentioned year, the con-
stantly increasing demand for Ferns consequent upon
their wider spread cultivation, has greatly stimulated
the introduction of new ones, and our collections
have increased at the rate of about fifty species a
year.

It now remains to say a few words regarding the
means by which these plants have. been obtained, and
the persons who have been most active in introducing
them, taking the Kew collection as a foundation.
Firstly, with reference to the paid collectors employed
in various parts of the world, directly or indirectly in
the service of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, and to
whom that garden is indebted for additions to its Fern
collection. It would appear that so long back as the
year 1775 Mr. Francis Masson, one of the earliest, if

10 FERNS. BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

not the earliest, collector sent out from Kew, and
who succeeded in introducing large numbers of Cape
Proteacee and LHricacece, sent home several Ferns
from the Cape of Good Hope and Madeira. This col-
lector proceeded to the Cape in 1774, and came home
by way of Madeira about the year 1778, returning
again in 1736, and remaining at the Cape during the
nine following years. arly in the present century
Mr. George Caley, who was originally a horse-doctor,
residing near Birmingham, but acquired a love for
plants through collecting herbs, was sent out by
Sir Joseph Banks to New South Wales, and to him
we owe Platycerium alcicorne, Doodia aspera, and
Davallia pyxidata, the first introductions from Aus-
tralia, received about the year 1808. The next col-
lectors to whom the garden was indebted for Ferns,
are the Messrs. Allan Cunningham and James
Bowie. They left Kew in 1814, on a botanical
expedition to Brazil, where they remained exploring
the country and sending home large collections till
1816, when the former proceeded to New South Wales,
and the latter to the Cape of Good Hope. No living
Ferns appear to have resulted from the Brazilian ex-
pedition ; but several Australian species and one or
two from Norfolk Island were received from Mr.
Cunningham, and two or three from Mr. Bowie from
the Cape.

Several other collectors were employed in the ser-
vice of these gardens, when under the Directorship of
Mr. Aiton, such as Messrs. Barclay and Armstrong ;
but I can trace no Ferns to them, nor, with certainty,
to David Lockhart, a gardener from Kew, who accom-
panied the ill-fated expedition of Captain Tuckey up

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 11

the Congo, in 1816, though I believe it possible that
some of the first-known Western-African species are
attributable to him. Lockhart was one of the few
who did not fall a victim to the deadly climate of that
country. After lying a long time in the hospital at
Bahia, he returned to England, and shortly afterwards
received the appointment of Superintendent of the
Botanic Garden in Trinidad, where he died in 1845,
after a service of a quarter of a century in that island,
during which period he sent many fine plants to Kew.

The principal collectors employed directly or indi-
rectly in the service of Kew during the Directorship of
Sir William Hooker, and to whom the garden is in-
debted for any additions to its Fern collection, are
Messrs. Purdie, Seemann, Milne, Barter, and Mann.
The first of these, Mr. William Purdie, was engaged as
collector in 1848, in which year he was despatched to
Jamaica, and after spending several months in the
exploration of that island, and forwarding many
valuable plants. to Kew, he proceeded to Santa
Martha, and was employed for more than two
years in various parts of New Granada. To him we
are indebted not only for numerous showy flowering
plants, but for a considerable number of our garden
Ferns.

Upon the death of Mr. Thomas Edmonston,* Mr.
(now Dr.) Berthold Seemann was appointed his suc-
cessor, as botanist to H.M.S. Herald, and joined that
vessel at Panama, in January, 1847, remaining with her
until her return to England in June, 1851. Previously

* Mr. Edmonston was shot by the accidental discharge of a
rifle, at Sua Bay, Ecuador, January 24, 1846.

12 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

to joining the Herald, he explored several parts of
Panama and Veraguas, and while on board the

Herald visited various parts of the western opast of
America, between Lima on the south and California

on the north, occasionally making long journeys

inland, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and Mexico.

He likewise accompanied the Herald in her three

voyages to the Arctic regions in search of the

ill-fated Sir John Franklin; visited twice the Sand-

wich Islands; and returned home by way of Hong-

Kong, Singapore, and the Cape of Good Hope. Not-

withstanding the few facilities afforded by surveying

expeditions for collecting living plants, Dr. Seemann

succeeded in introducing some interesting ones to -
our gardens; and among Ferns we may mention two

very remarkable ones, Deparia prolifera from the

Sandwich Islands, and Dictyoxiphium Panamense from

Panama.

On the Herald being recommissioned in 1852, Mr.
William Milne was appointed assistant-botanist, for
the special purpose of collecting plants for the Royal
Gardens. During the six years he was attached to
the Herald he visited New Caledonia, the Fiji, and
other Polynesian islands, as well as many other places
in the southern hemisphere.

The Admiralty having, early in 1857, determined

deosunnding out a second exploring expedition up
the Niger, under the command of Dr. Baikie, R.N.,
Mr. Charles Barter, a zealous and intelligent young
gardener, was appointed to accompany him in the
capacity of botanist, and to collect plants for Kew.
The officers of the expedition proceeded by way
of Sierra Leone, and joined the Duyspring, a small

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 13

vessel fitted for river navigation, at Fernando Po; but,
unfortunately, after they had penetrated up the river
as far as Nupe, their ship was wrecked, and they
were obliged to form a camp on the banks. Poor Barter,
~ however, fell a victim to the deadly climate in July,
1859, Asa collector he was indefatigable in the dis-
charge of his duties, and discovered a large number of
undescribed plants, including several new genera,
one of which has been dedicated to his memory under
the name of Barteria, But, owing to the mishaps
attending this expedition, and the difficulties of
transit, no living plants were received from the
interior of the country, but several Ferns were trans-
mitted from Sierra Leone and Fernando Po.*

No sooner had the news of Barter’s death arrived,
than Mr. Gustav Mann, undeterred by his fate,
volunteered to fill the vacancy, and- was appointed
accordingly. Being unable, from want of means of
communication, to join Dr. Baikie, he was employed
for three years in exploring the island of Fernando
Po and the African coast, in the neighbourhood
of the Camaroons and Gaboon rivers. In spite
of the difficulties and dangers attending the under-
taking, he made several ascents of the lofty Clarence
Peak of Fernando Po and of the Camaroons moun-
tain on the African mainland. On the former, at
an elevation of 5,000 feet, he found a fine new
Cyathea, forming groups, with stems rising to a
height of 30 feet. We are likewise indebted to him

* Since the above was written, news has reached this country
of the death of Dr. Baikie at Sierra Leone, in January, 1865, whilst
on his homeward voyage, -

14 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

for many other rare and interesting living Ferns, and
fine sets of dried specimens.

Besides contributions from special collectors, the
Fern collection at Kew has been largely increased
through the instrumentality of the officers of our
numerous Colonial Botanic Gardens, and likewise by
many private individuals residing in foreign countries ;
and as the exertions of these gentlemen are worthy of
being recorded, I give a few particulars respecting
them, adopting a geographical arrangement for the
sake of brevity.

The first Colonial garden from which, so far as I
am aware, Ferns were received at Kew, was that of
Seylon, Mr. Alexander Moon, the Director, having,
in 1824, sent home a collection of plants, amongst
which was Niphobolus costatus. But the first persou
who forwarded any considerable number from that
island was the lamented Mr. George Gardner, well
known to botanists as a botanical traveller in Brazil,
who was Director of the Ceylon garden between 1844
and his death in 1848. This gentleman was succeeded
by Mr. (now Dr.) G. H. K. Thwaites, the present able
Director, and to him also the Kew collection is greatly
indebted for a large number of rare and beautiful
species; such as NSehizoccena sinuata, Asplenium
radiatum, Actinostachys radiata, Helminthostachys
Zeylanica, and many others.

Though Continental India is extremely rich in Ferns,
it has, singularly enough, contributed very few to our
gardens, no persons in that country having devoted
themselves specially to the subject; indeed most of
those received thence have been accidentally imported
along with Orchids, including the half-dozen species

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS, 15

recorded in my first Enumeration as coming from
Dr. Wallich, the only Superintendent of the Calcutta
garden who has the credit of having introduced any.
Indeed, with the exception of those from Ceylon, Kew
has received very few Ferns from Asia and. the
adjacent islands, most of those now in cultivation
having been introduced by nurserymen or through
Continental gardens. Two or three were brought
from Hong-Kong, in 1850, by Mr. J. C. Braine,
including one which proved to be a new genus, and
to this I gave the name of Brainea in honour of its
introducer.

Another tropical ee in the Kastern hemisphere,
whence large additions have been made to the Fern
collection at Kew, is the Mauritius. The Botanic
Garden in that island has long enjoyed the reputation
of possessing a fine set of plants; but until the year
1852, when. it came under the able management
of the present Director, Mr. James Duncan, very
little correspondence was kept up with the gardens
of Europe. Mr. Duncan has, at considerable risk,
ransacked the forests of the island in quest principally
of Ferns, and has been very successful in transmitting
living plants to this country, enriching our gardens
with many fine species.

The “Synopsis Filicum Capensis” of Pappe and
Rawson shows that the Fern Flora of Southern Africa
is extremely rich; but up to the present time we
possess scarcely a dozen Cape species in our gardens,
and most of them have been raised from spores.
Alsophila Capensis and Lomaria Capensis were intro-
duced in 1845 by Mr. Charles Zeyher, as also were
Lastrea athmantica and Cyathea Dreget from Natal
by Mr. J. Plant.

16 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Progressing westwards we come to the two strangely
isolated islands in the Southern Atlantic, St. Helena
and Ascension. From the former of these we have As-
plenium compressum, introduced by Mr. Thomas Fraser
in 1825, and Asplenium reclinatum, brought home by
Dr. J. D. Hooker on his return from Sir John Ross’s
Antarctic expedition in 1844; together with Lomaria
alpina and L. Magellanica from the Falkland Islands ;
while from Ascension Mr, Wren sent numerous fine
plants of Maratiia purpurescens in 1848.

From Australia several individuals: have been con-
tributors. Grammitis Australis was received from the
Sydney garden in 1833, when under the direction of
Mr. Richard Cunningham; and Mr. Charles Moore,
the present Director of that garden, has also intro-
duced several, including Trichiocarpa Mooret, from
New Caledonia, while to Mr. Bidwill we owe the
curious Platycerium grande. But some of the most
beautiful of the Australian Ferns, such as the Gilei-
chentas, were transmitted to this country by Mr.
Walter Hill, the able Director of the Botanic
Garden of Brisbane, in the rapidly rising colony of
Queensland, who obtained them during his stay in
Sydney in 1850. Two species of Gileicheniacee were,
however, previously known in our gardens,—the Glei-
chenia nuicrophylla and G. flabellata, both of which,
together with several other Ferns, were sent from
Tasmania, in 1845, by Mr. Ronald Gunn.

About the year 1841 or 1842; some very fine Ferns,
including two Tree-Ferns, the Dicksonia squarrosa and
Cyathea medullaris, were brought from New Zealand,
where they had been collected by Mr. J. Edgerly, a
gardener, who had proceeded to that country on

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 17

speculation, and who was the first to introduce tho
beautiful Veronica speciosa. Others have also been
sent from New Zealand by the Rev. William Colenso,
and by the late Dr. Sinclair, R.N., the beautiful little
Trichomanes reniforme being one of those due to the
latter gentleman.

Turning next to the West Indies, we commence
with the island of Jamaica, whence more Ferns have
been received at Kew than from any other part of
the Western hemisphere. The person to whose
energy and perseverance this is mainly due is Mr.
Nathaniel Wilson, the Island botanist and Director
of the Botanic Garden. He has been a resident
in the island for upwards of twenty years, and
during that time has thoroughly explored the Blue
Mountains and other districts rich in Ferns, liberally
forwarding to Kew the results of his numerous
journeys. Among his earliest contributions was the
beautiful Tree-fern, Cyathea arborea, which, though
recorded in the “‘ Hortus Kewensis” as having been
brought home by Admiral Bligh in 1798, had long
been lost to our gardens. Within the last few years
he has succeeded, after many failures, in transmitting
numerous species of Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum,
which now form so conspicuous a feature in the
present rich collection. The other contributors from
the same island are, in 1851, Mr. George Manson,
and in 1854 and following years, W. T. March, Hsq.,
the latter gentleman sending several arborescent
species as well as Hymenophyllece, and others.

Numerous fine species, including several Oyatheas
and Alsophilas, were received in 1855 and 1856 from
the French island of Martinique, where they had been

Cc

18 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

collected by the Director of the Garden, M. Belanger.
A considerable number of rare species were likewise
sent from Dominica in 1853, and several following years,
by Dr. Imray; such as Hemitelia Imrayana, Neurocallis
prestantissima, Elaphoglossum undulatum, and the
true EH. longifolium, &c. While from Trinidad we are
indebted to the Island botanist, the late Dr. Criiger,
for Schizca elegans, Saccoloma elegans, Amphidesmium
rostratum, Hymenostachys diversifrons, Trichomanes
pennatum, and other equally rare species. His suc-
cessor, Mr. Henry Prestoe, who previous to his appoint-
ment last year was foreman of the collection of Ferns
at Kew, has already transmitted a large collection of
rare Ferns, and in the finest condition, proving that
they had been collected and put up by one who
perfectly understood their nature. The situation he
now holds will enable him to be of great service in
transmitting new plants to this country.

Comparatively few, considering the richness of its
Fern Flora, have been received from tropical America;
Dr. Gardner and J. Wetherall, Esq., in Brazil; H.
Cadogan Rothery, Esq., in Guiana; Mrs. Colonel
McDonald, in Honduras ; and Mr. Wagener, in Vene-
zuela, being the principal contributors.

From the above it will be seen that a large number
of Ferns have been introduced through the agency of
the garden at Kew; but, besides these, a very con-
siderable number.are due to the exertions of some of
our leading nurserymen, who, in consequence of the
great demand for, and the large prices realized by, the
finer and rarer species, have imported them, either
direct from their native countries, or from the Con-
tinent, where, as will be presently noticed, a good

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 19

many species not previously known in the gardens
of this country have been introduced.

I have already alluded to the Messrs. Loddiges, of
‘Hackney, as having at an early period turned their
attention to Ferns, and as being the earliest to form ,
a collection of them. But the only nurserymen whose
names are recorded in the second edition of the
“Hortus Kewensis” are the old-established firm of
Messrs. Lee & Kennedy, of Hammersmith, who are
stated to have introduced Polypodiwm asplenifolium
and Asplenium monanthemum in 1790: in later times
the Messrs. Lee have imported several from New
Zealand. Other New Zealand species have been
brought into notice by Mr. Standish, of Bagshot,
they having been collected in New Zealand by Mr.
J. Watson, now a nurseryman at St. Alban’s, and
who still continues to import. Several sent from
Japan by Mr. Fortune have likewise been sent out
from Mr. Standish’s nursery. To the Messrs. Low
& Sons, of the Clapton nursery, we are indebted for
some rare Bornean and Malayan species, collected by
Mr. Hugh Low, jun., and amongst others for the
remarkable Arthropteris obliterata, called Lindscea
Lowii in the gardens, and the little curious Leucostegia
parvula; but more especially many rare species of
Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, as well as the rare
Thyrsopteris elegans, collected by Mr. Thomas Bridges
in Juan Fernandez. But to the Messrs. Veitch &
Sons, of Exeter and Chelsea, among nurserymen,
must be assigned the credit of having introduced
the greatest number of these plants, the collectors
employed by them in Chili and other parts of the
American continent, in India, the Malayan continent

c2

20 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

and islands, and in Japan, having sent home numerous
fine species, while through other sources they have
obtained many additions from Australia, New Zea-
land, and other countries. Messrs. Rollisson, of
Tooting, have likewise succeeded in enriching our
collections with a considerable number, received
principally from Mr. John Henshall, their collector in
Java and the neighbouring islands. Mr. Robert Sim,
of Foot’s Cray, has an extensive collection, which
he increases by importations, and is very successful
in raising plants from spores; and the Messrs. Back-
house & Son, of York, the principal nurserymen
cultivators of exotic Ferns in the provinces, have
introduced a good many fine species of Trichomanes,
and others from Chili and the West Indies. <A few
have likewise been introduced by other nurserymen,
but the above are the principal of those who have
obtained them from their native countries. I may,
however, mention Messrs. Osborn & Sons, of Fulham,
as having introduced one or two from Tasmania;
Messrs. Jackson & Son, of Kingston, the Angiopteris
Assamica, from Assam; and Mr. B. Williams several
from various parts; while all these and some others
have also imported considerable numbers from the
Continental gardens and nurseries.

In addition to all these sources, occasional intro-
ductions have taken place through several other
Botanic Gardens in this country, as well as through
some of the numerous amateur cultivators; but Fern
amateurs have increased so largely during the last
few years, that it is obviously impossible to mention
them in detail. With respect to the former, the first
provincial Botanic Garden in which Ferns were brought

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 21

into notice was that of Liverpool, under the Curator-
ship of the late Mr. John Shepherd, more than thirty
years ago; and the collection there has lately been
considerably augmented by Mr. Tyerman. At Bir-
mingham, too, Mr. David’ Cameron in early times
formed a good collection, which, however, has now
given place to gaudy florist flowers. A good deal of
attention is at the present time paid to Ferns at the
Glasgow Botanic Garden by Mr. Peter Clarke; and
also by Dr. David Moore, Director of the Botanic
Garden of the Royal Society of Dublin, at Glasnevin,
who has likewise introduced several new species from
Trinidad and New South Wales. The Royal Horti-
cultural Society of London must be mentioned as
having introduced Cibotium Schiedei, and one or two
other Mexican species, received from their collector,
Mr. Theodore Hartweg.

Want of space precludes my particularizing the
numerous private growers of the present day; but
I cannot altogether pass over one or two of the
earlier ones who formed large collections of species,
and did much to stimulate the taste for these plants.
I more particularly allude to Mr. James Henderson
and John Riley, Esq. Under the patronage of the
Earls of Fitzwilliam, to whom he had long been
gardener, Mr. Henderson has for upwards of thirty
years been a zealous cultivator of Ferns, and has
been very successful in raising them from spores,
adding by that means a good number of species to
our collections. One of the earliest amateurs dis-
tinguished for his love of Ferns, was John Riley,
Esq., of Papplewick, near Nottingham, who was also
a successful raiser, and brought together a collection

22 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

containing nearly 800 species, which, upon his death
in 1846, was purchased by Dr. Forbes Young, of
Lambeth, who considerably augmented it; but unfor-
tunately the death. of its second owner, in 1859,
caused its dispersion. Few amateurs at the present
day study Ferns scientifically, or form collections
numerically large in species, the principal of those
in the neighbourhood of London devoting their atten-
tion to a select number of the most beautiful ones,
such as are well known to the frequenters of our
metropolitan flower-shows. I must, however, except
E. J. Lowe, Esq., of Beeston, near Nottingham, who
formed a considerable collection, and published an
illustrated work upon them in nine octave volumes.
In the public and private gardens on the Conti-
nent Ferns claimed a large share of attention, and
many of these possess fine collections of them, con-
taining numerots species not yet known in British
gardens, though our nurserymen are constantly on the
look-out for novelties, and import a great number
from these sources. I have mentioned above that the
directors of the Botanic Garden of Berlin, at an early
period, possessed an extensive collection, and many
species are reputed to have been raised in this esta-
blishment. The publication of the “Ferns of the
Leipzig Garden,” an illustrated work, in folio, by Dr.
Mettenius, shows that the garden under his direction
is exceedingly rich in Ferns, and the University fortu-
nate in having a Professor so well able to do justice
to the collection. At Vienna, also, a collection of Ferns
has long existed under the direction of the late Dr.
Schott.. Several other German gardens, as: those at
Goettingen and Herrenhausen, also possess a consider-

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 23

able number, some very interesting novelties in the
latter having been obtained by M. Hermann Wend-
land, during a journey through Central America ; and
in many of these gardens species have been obtained
by means of spores taken from dried specimens, while
through the Dutch Botanic gardens, numerous rare
Ferns have been introduced from Java, Surinam, and
other Dutch colonies.

Among private individuals on the Continent who
have made large additions to our collections, by the
introduction of species from their native countries,
I cannot omit to notice M. J. Linden, of Brussels,
who himself travelled in the West Indies, Venezuela,
and New Granada, and who employed several enthu-
siastic collectors in various parts of the same and
neighbouring countries, by whom a great number of
the new plants were brought into cultivation. But
besides these M. Linden has also received several
species nev to our gardens, from New Caledonia
and the Philippine Islands. About six years ago
another private traveller in Venezuela and New Gra-
nada, Dr. Karsten, likewise enriched continental gar-
dens by the introduction of numerous fine species of
tree and other Ferns, some of which have not yet
been imported to this country.

The total number of Ferns cultivated in our gardens
at the present day may be. regarded as forming about
one-third of all the species known to botanists by means
of dried specimens, and described in the numerous
works of pteridology. Among the remaining two-
thirds are very many fine species, equal or supe-
rior in merit, as garden plants, to any of those we
already possess. It may be worth while to mention

24 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

a few of the more striking of these, together with
the countries in which they are found, in order to
draw the attention of some of our enterprising nursery-
men to them and induce them to take steps for their
introduction. Assuredly in this fern-loving age
many would prove of great commercial value. First,
there is the magnificent Matonia pectinata, found
only on Mount Ophir, in Malacca; a Fern resembling
the Gleichenias in habit, but rising to a height of five
or six feet, with beautiful fronds, divided, like those of
fan-palms, into numerous pectinate segments. Two
other Ferns of much the same habit, the Dipteris
Wallichvi and D. Horsfieldii, are likewise worthy a place
in our gardens. The former of these is found in the
mountains of Silhet, and the latter in Java, Borneo,
the Philippines, Fiji, and neighbouring islands. In
the Philippine Islands, where the Fern Flora has about
250 representatives, there are numerous fine species,
such as Dryostachium splendens and Aglaomorpha
Meyeniana, both somewhat resembling Drynaria quer-
cifolia in the general aspect and mode of growth of
their barren fronds, both having rhizomes equally
tenacious of life; Lomagramme pteroides, with large
pinnate fronds three feet high, having long linear,
lanceolate articulate pinne, bearing amorphous sori;
Photinopteris Horsfieldii, the glistening sterile fronds
of which are pinnate and between two and three feet
high, and have very broad elliptic-lanceolate pinne,
similar to the common laurel, while the fertile ones
are very much contracted; Gleichenia eacelsa, a very
strong-growing species with fronds five or six feet high,
having spreading pinne two to three feet in length.
The beautiful Schizocena Brunonis of Penang and

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC Ferns. 25

Malacca would also form a striking addition to our
tropical ferneries, its pinnate fronds being from three
to four feet long on stipes about half as long again,
rising from an arborescent caudex. In Blume’s
« Enumeration of the Ferns of Java” alone, no less
than 460 species are described, of which about 300
are regarded as new. Many of them are, however, not
distinct as species, but are fine and showy and well
worth the cultivator’s notice.

Remarkable for their structural characters, there
are Spheropteris barbata of Nepal, and Diacalpe
aspidioides of Eastern Bengal and Java; the fronds
of the former resembling those of a Lastrea dilatata,
but having globose sori with cup-shaped indusia
elevated on distinct pedicels, while the latter has
very similar sori not elevated. Another Fern of
Eastern Bengal worthy of notice is the Acrophorus
nodosus, a species with large decompound fronds
remarkable on account of their pinnw standing out
almost horizontally, or at right angles with the main
rachis. The same district, including the Khasaya and
Silhet hills, Assam, Bootan, Sikkim, &., is extremely
prolific in fine Ferns, which, though familiar enough
in a botanical point of view, are still unknown in
our gardens: they would yield a rich harvest to a
collector of living plants; and it is not a little remark-
able that so few of them have not long ago been
introduced through the Botanic Garden of Calcutta.
The total number of known species of Indian Ferns
may be stated in round numbers to be 400; and what
we have of these have been received from their other
habitats. I cannot, of course, attempt to give a list
of Indian desiderata; but, in addition to the two or

26 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

three above alluded to, I may mention Kaulfussia Assa-
mica, a remarkable Marattiaceous Fern found in Assam,
having ample trifoliate somewhat fleshy fronds, from
eighteen inches to two feet in height, with the fructi-
fication, which consists of hollow circular sporangia,
scattered irregularly on the under surface. It is allied
to the K. esculifolia from the Malayan islands, in-
cluded in the following enumeration, and which is
extremely rare, if indeed it be not altogether lost
from our gardens: Lomaria glauca, a Fern of Khasaya,
with pinnate fronds, fine glacous underneath, two
feet high; and, finally, the Alsophila gigantea, a native
not only of Silhet, Nepal, and other parts of India,
but of Ceylon, Penang, and other Indian islands, a
magnificent Tree-fern with a trunk fifty feet high,
bearing a crown of large bi- or tri-pinnate fronds, the
segments of which are very variable. Dr. Thwaites,
in his “ Flora of Ceylon,’ enumerates 214 Ferns, of
which about one-half are embodied in the following
pages, but many are yet rare, and several have failed
to become established. This is especially the case with
Asplenium (Actiniopteris) radiatum, Actinostachys
radiata, and the singular Polystichum anomalum, a
most remarkable Fern, which bears perfect sori on
both sides ; it is found at an elevation of from 5,000
to 6,000 feet, and no doubt our want of success in not
keeping it, as well as the unhealthy look of other
Ceylon Polystichums, is owing to their being placed
in the tropical house,—their elevation and their
resemblance to the European Polystichum aculeatum
indicates that they would be more at home in the

temperate house. Several interesting species have yet

to be introduced, such as the small pinnatifid Poly-

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 27

podic, including P. ‘contiguum and P. Emersoni,
which, on account of their sporangia being seated in
a deep cyst, and protruding outwards, are referred by
some authors to Davallia. Two fine Tree-ferns are
also worthy of notice, Alsophila crinita and Cyathea
Walkeri. Many of the islands of the Eastern Archi-
pelago likewise offer a fertile field for the fern
collector, being rich in species of Hymenophyllum, and
Tirichomanes, Asplenium, Lomaria, as well as in Tree-
ferns of the genera Cyathea and Alsophila. The one
or more Sumatran Ferns yielding the singular styptic
drugs brought to this country of late years under the un-
couth names of Penghawa, Djambi, and Pakoe Kidang,
would be of interest to cultivators from their beauty,
and to pharmaceutists from their properties. Cibotium
djambianum, Dicksonia chrysotricha, and two other
species of Alsophila (A. lurida and tomentosa) have
been mentioned as the sources of these drugs; but
very little is known respecting any of them, and
more information is desired. Two singular and
peculiar Ferns widely spread throughout this region
are Teenitis blechnoides and Osmunda Javanica, which,
although long known in herbaria, have not yet
found a place in our living collections. The Moluc-
cas and Celebes, especially, possess large numbers;
and among those in the former is the rare Cystodiwm
sorbifolium, known only from a few imperfect spe-
cimens from these islands, and from the island of
Honime.. Mauritius contains several which would be
acceptable in our gardens; but, with such an enthu-
siastic explorer as Mr. Duncan in that island, it is.
to be hoped that they will not long be classed
among our desiderata. I would particularly call atten-

28 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tion to Ochropteris pallens, Antrophyum Boryanum,
Ophioglossom palmatum. Cyathea canaliculata, and
C. eacelsa, as well as Adiantum asarifolium and
A. Mauritianum,—all found in that island,—are still
scarce in, if not altogether lost to our gardens. I have
already alluded to the paucity of species from Southern
Africa at present in our gardens, although in the
“Synopsis” of Pappe and Rawson, published in 1858,
no less than 165 are described, and the localities
where they are to be found given in detail. Not-
withstanding that few of these are remarkable or
striking in appearance, many would be prized on
account of their small size and neatness, and they
would be very suitable for Ward’s cases. Even in
European countries there are several Ferns which we do
not yet possess in British gardens; for instance, the
Lastrea fragrans of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions,
said by Sir W. J. Hooker to be “one of the most
beautiful of all ferns,’ is, as far as J am aware, known
only from dried specimens; while Asplenium jissum,
found in several parts of Southern Germany and Italy,
is rare even in herbaria, and altogether unknown in
the gardens of this country. On the south-eastern
cenfines of Europe, in the Caucasus, there is also the
Fro:dsia Caucasica, an interesting species, closely
allied to W. elongata, of Northern India.

From the Western hemisphere, also, there are nu-
merous fine species yet to be introduced. Fee’s “ Cata-
logue of Mexican Ferns ” shows that that country
contains upwards of 300 not known in our gardens,
though many of them would be veryacceptable. Among
these are several Tree-ferns, such as the remarkable
Cyathea Mexicana, found in the neighbourhood of

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 29

Jalapa, Cordova, and Oxaca, while the little tufted
Schaffneria nigripes, found between Vera Cruz and
Orizaba, would be an interesting acquisition to growers
whose space is limited, being only three or four inches
high, and having intensely black glossy stipes, and
broadly obovate-cuneate fronds. There are also
many very pretty species of Cheilanthes,—the Chei-
lanthes speciosissima, with broad lanceolate multifid
coriaceous fronds, measuring as much as two feet
in length; and several very desirable species of
Gleichenia, Trichomanes, and Hymenophyllum ; of the
latter genera, in particular, there are still many beau-
tiful western species yet to be introduced. From the
more northern countries of the American continent
our hardy fern growers might obtain many additions.
For example, it would be interesting to have the
American Cryptogramme acrostichoides side by side
with our British C. crispa ; and if to these the Hima-
layan O. Brunoniana were added, we might then be
able to ascertain whether they be really distinct
species or merely forms of one and the same plant.
The closely allied Pellea gracilis, found in many
parts of North America and also in Northern India,
would be worth having on account of its remarkable
resemblance to our C. crispa. Polystichum munitum, a
Fern distributed over Western America, from California
to as far north as Nutka, and, therefore, probably
hardy, would be a fit companion for our own Polysti-
chum Lonchites, though considerably larger. Lovers
of golden Ferns would be glad of the Gynmo-
gramme triangularis, a species resembling Pellea
argentea in appearance, but much larger and covered
with golden farina on the under-side; and as this is

30 FERNS: BRITISH "AND FOREIGN.

found as far north on the western coast as the Columbia
river, it will, it may be presumed, prove hardy with us.
Did space permit, this list of desiderata from North
America might be greatly extended; but I must pass
on to the countries of the South, which offer a rich
field to the fern-collector.

In my enumeration of the Ferns of Panama, in
Seemann’s “Botany of the Voyage of H. M. 8.
Herald,” I have described a very pretty Fern from
Southern Darien under the name of Glyphotenium
crispum, which would be an acquisition to those who
grow Ferns in a natural manner, though not suited for
pot culture. Itis found on trees, from the branches of
which its tufts of long and narrow wavy fronds hang
down in a very graceful manner. In Darien, Panama,
and the adjacent Pacific islands, also, there are several
Tree-ferns which we have not yet got; such as Hemitelia
petiolata, a distinct species, with large pinnate fronds,
having widely-separated petiolated pinnules; and
Alsophila elongata, a very robust species. New Gra-
nada, Venezuela, and other countries north of the
equator, though explored by several collectors, would
still yield a good many desirable novelties to our
gardens. In the former country J may indicate the
several species of the extremely curious genus Jame-
sonia, with their very narrow, erect, rigid fronds, conti-
nuously developing little orbicular, concave, imbricated
pinne, and densely clothed, while young, with fer-
ruginous hairs; and also Dryomenes Purdiei, a mag-
nificent Fern with very deeply pinnatifid fronds from
four to five feet long, having extremely broad segments,
covered with numerous small sori, which may probably
possess indusia ; but younger specimens than those in

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 31

my herbarium are required to settle this point. In
Venezuela there is the remarbable Amphiblestra lati-
folia, a Fern resembling some of the larger species of
Aspidiwm in habit and appearance, but having a line
of confluent sori on the margin like the Pteridic, to
which tribe it is generally referred, some authors retain-
ing it under Humboldt’s name, Pteris latifolia,and also a
species of Trichomanes of extraordinary size, T. Kun-
zeanum, nearly allied to our own Irish species T. radi-
cans, but with rather rigid fronds, from two to three
feet in length. One or two species of Lindsea are
also found in Venezuela, particularly the neat L. stricta,
with fronds varying from pinnate to tri-pinnate, though
most commonly bi-pinnate. But the head-quarters of
the genus Lindscea in the Western hemisphere are
Guiana, where is found the rare L. renifornvis,* resem-
bling in the general appearance of its. fronds the well-
known Adiantum reniforme,and the yet to be introduced
Gymnogramme renifurmis of Brazil, a rare plant even
in herbaria. The exceedingly beautiful L. trapeziformis,
which has bi-pinnate fronds two feet or more in height,
is also found here, as well as in other parts of tropical
America and the West Indies. I may remark that,
notwithstanding that some of the loosely compiled
garden catalogues in common use among gardeners
mention as many as twenty-six species of this genus
being in cultivation, I know of only two, and I
have made many inquiries upon the subject. The
genus contains upwards of sixty described species, dis-
persed over the tropical and sub-tropical countries of

* Lately introduced by Messrs. Backhouse of York, but yet
rare,

32 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

both. hemispheres, and many 07 them would be highly
prized by fern-growers. Amongst other Guiana Ferns
worthy of notice there is one to which I would wish
particularly to draw attention, not only on account of
its singularity, but of the little that is known of it by
pteridologists. I allude to the Dancea simplicifolia of
Rudge, of which I have only seen two specimens, one
in Rudge’s herbarium, and the other in Schomburgk’s
Guiana collection. In general appearance the sterile
fronds of this Fern resemble those of Hlaphoglossum
latifolium, being about eight inches in length (including
the stipes) and of an ovate-lanceolate form, attenuated
to the base, while the fertile ones are narrower, and
still more attenuated downwards. Nor must I omit
to notice the very remarkable Hewardia adiantoides
of French Guiana, still very rare in herbaria. It
would be a noble addition to our large species of
Adiantum, its fronds being two or three feet high,
very broad, and irregularly bi-pinnate, with remote,
alternate, petiolate pinnules from three to five inches
long, and about two inches wide, and borne upon
glossy black stipes. Closely allied to this is the
Hewardia dolosa of Kastern Brazil, Surinam, and
Ecuador, with much longer but comparatively nar-
rower pinnules and rough hairy stipes. There is also
in Dutch and British Guiana, as well as in Brazil (in
the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro), a species of the
curious Schizceaceous genus, Actinostachys (A. pennula,
Hook.), resembling the Ceylon A. digitata, already
in our gardens, though extremely rare. While
the beautiful Schizea flabellum, with its fern-shaped
fronds, cleft into two to form broad wedge-shaped
segments, and upon stipes a foot or so high, is found

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 33

n British Guiana, and also on the banks of the
Jrinoco, Rio Negro, and Yapura rivers. , Several
other species of Schizeea are likewise worthy of a place
n our gardens, such as the pretty Schizea pectinata
of the Cape of Good Hope, and Schizea dichotoma,
which is found not only in Guiana and Venezuela, but:
widely dispersed through the Pacific islands as far
south as New Zealand, occurring also in Java, Mysore,
he Mauritius, and other parts of the Eastern hemi-
sphere. Allied to these, also, are the two Brazilian
species of Coptophyllum described by Dr. Gardner,
und likewise the Trochopteris elegans of the same
iuthor, all of which some pteridologists include under
he genus Anemia, and perhaps rightly so with respect
0 the former, for they have the same relationship
vith true Anemia that Osmunda cinnamomea has with
). regalis, their barren and fertile fronds being dis-
inct. Both species are found in the province of
Foyaz; one being named C. millefoliwm and the other
1. buniifolium, from the general resemblance in the
livisions of their barren fronds to the leaves of
Achillea millefolium and Bunium, The Trochopteris
legans is an exceedingly curious little Fern, with flat,
adiating fronds of a somewhat spathulate form but
nore or less five-lobed, the two lower lobes being
leeper and bearing the sporangia, the entire plant
esembling a rosette, and growing on rocks like a
ichen. Dr. Gardner found it on the Serra de Nativi-
lad, in the province of Goyaz. Amongst other Bra-
ilian Ferns worth being looked after, I may mention
wo species of Antigramme—A. Brasiliense and A.
Douglassti, the former having oblong-lanceolate fronds

‘bout a span long, tapering downward to a short
D

a

84 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

stipe ; and the latter ovate fronds of the same length,
but usually cordate at the base and upon long stipes.
Lomaria zamioides of Gardner, a plant with a trunk
four feet high, resembling a Zamia, found by Gardner
in boggy places near the summit of the Organ Moun-
tains, would also be a valuable addition to our small-
growing Tree-ferns.* Brazil is rich in Tree-ferns, but
only afew of them have as yet been introduced. I will
mention only one or two. Dicksonia Sellowiana, found
onthe Organ Mountains,is, like the Lomaria above men-
tioned, remarkable for its resemblance to an extreme
southern species, dried specimens being scarcely dis-
tinguishable from the Dicksonia antarctica, though
most probably if the two were cultivated side by side
they would prove very distinct. Cyathea vestita and
C. Schamschin appear to be very plentiful throughout
Brazil, and both are very fine species, the former
haying a trunk from twenty to thirty feet high. The
two species of Trichopteris—T. excelsa and T. elegans
—are also very graceful trees, found in Southern
Brazil, and although the latter is included in the fol-
lowing enumeration, it is still very rare in our collec-
tions. Several special localities in Brazil may be men-
tioned as abounding in Ferns, such as the Organ
Mountains and St. Catherine’s, in the east; on the
eastern slopes of the Andes, where at elevations of
from fifteen hundred to four and five thousand feet,
im some localities, they flourish in great luxuriance.
At Tarrapota, in Peru, Dr. Spruce, in a diameter of
fifty miles, collected no less than two hundred and

* Fine plants of this Fern have been recently imported to this
country by Mr. Low of the Clapton Nurseries.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 35

fifty species, twenty of which were Tree-ferns, and
many new and interesting species.

Before leaving tropical America I must say a few
words respecting the West Indies, the Fern
Flora of which is to a great extent identical with |
that of the countries on the Atlantic coast of
South America. A tolerably accurate idea of the
number of species indigenous to the West Indies may
be obtained from Grisebach’s Flora of the islands
belonging to Great Britain, where three hundred and
forty are described, and their particular localities
noted. Out of these, two hundred and twenty will be
found enumerated in the following pages as already in
our gardens; and as our intercourse with most of
these islands is now so frequent, and the voyage ac-
complished with such rapidity, we may expect ere long
to receive all the most striking types of the remaining
ones. Indeed, the West Indian correspondents of the
Royal Gardens at Kew, as wellas those of several nur-
serymen, and other private individuals, are continually
forwarding Ferns to this country; and under these
circumstances I do not think it worth while to men-
tion any particular species ; but it is worthy of remark
that among our desiderata is the numerous group
represented by Polypodiwm trichomanoides.

Passing westwards to Ecuador and Peru, I might
vive a long list of desiderata, particularly of pretty
little Alpine species from the Andes, belonging to
Cheilanthes, Notholena, Asplenium, and Polypo-
liwm, but want of space compels me to confine my
remarks to a few of the most desirable ones. In
his second century of Ferns, Sir W. J. Hooker has
figured a beautiful Polybotrya, named P. Lech-

p. 2

36 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

leriana, after its discoverer, Dr. Lechler. It has
large, finely divided, somewhat membranaceous fronds,
three or more feet in height, resembling a species of
Darea, and thick scandent rhizomes. Cyathea micro-
phylla, found by the same collector, and figured in the
same work, appears to be a neat little ‘Tree-fern,
with stems four feet high and finely divided fronds,
two or three feet long, ferrugineous from hairs on the
under side. Some species of Gymnogramme are
worthy of note, such as G. elongata, with narrow
pinnate fronds a foot or more long, something like
those of the well-known Notholena trichomanoides,
and clothed with copious- longish hairs; G. flabellata,
the fronds of which are about a foot high, bipimnate,
with dark shining stipes, and little flabelliform, dicho.
tomously divided, green pinnules, and extremely neat ;
G. incisa, which has bipinnate fronds a span or more
high, and scarcely more than an inch wide, with the
pinnules deeply incised. These Gymnogramms are also
found in Venezuela, New Granada, and countries north
of the equator, where there is also a remarkable scan-
dent species, G. refracta, the finely cut fronds of
which continuously increase to a great length, and
ramble over the branches of trees. Our collections of
Gleichenie might be also enriched with several species
from Peru and Chili, particularly G. simplex from
the former, and G. pedalis from the latter. G. simplex
having simple, pectinately pinnatifid fronds a foot and
a half in length, with short stipes; and G. pedalis
fronds of the ordinary form, something like G. furcata,
but smaller, neater, and more compact in its mode of
growth. And, finally, the two singular Polypodie,
with dimorphous fronds, would be very pretty addi-

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 37

tions to our ferneries. One of these, Polypodiwm
heteromorphum, Hook., was found by Dr. Jameson
“upon the top of the mountain face of dripping
rocks ;”” and has simple fronds like those of Agple-
nium Trichomanes, mixed in the same tuft with
others which are repeatedly branched in a regular
dichotomous manner like the Gleichenie ; while the
other, Polypodium bifrons, Hook., found by the same
botanist in Heuador, growing on branches of trees
partially immersed in water, has sterile fronds resem-
bling oak leaves in their general outline, and narrow
wavy fertile ones. To the creeping rhizomes of the
specimens collected by Dr. Jameson there were
attached curious bodies, resembling small potatoes ,
but these were most probably adventitious, and
caused by some insect. Dr. J. W. Sturm, in his little
work on the Fern Flora of Chili, enumerates one hun-
dred and sixty-one species as found in that country
and the adjacent island of Juan Fernandez; but
very few of these have as yet been introduced, though
many of them would prove acceptable additions to our
half-hardy collections.

The numerous islands of the Pacific Ocean are, as a
general rule, rich in Ferns, and worthy of being visited
by a collector of living plants. The Hawaiian or Sand-
wich Islands, for example, would afford three fine species
of Cibotium. One of them, which has the stipes densely
clothed with beautiful golden silky moniliform hairs,
is so abundant that these hairs are collected as an article
of commerce and are largely exported to California
and Australia for the purpose of stuffing cushions, &e. ;
Polypodium pellucidum, a creeping species, allied. to
our P. vulgare, but differing in having pellucid stria

388 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

between the fascicles of veins, and varying so much in
the more or less compound division of its fronds, that
one state of it was described as a distinct species by
Sir W. J. Hooker, under the name P. myriocarpon ;
Asplenium Sandwichianwm, with large tripinnate
fronds three feet high, with numerous small segments,
bearing some resemblance to a Mimosa leaf, and others
too numerous to mention.

The Galapagos, although not rich in Ferns, are
worthy of notice, on account of a very rare and
remarkable species, first described and figured by
Sir W. J. Hooker, in the “Icones Plantarum,”
under the name of Acrostichwm (Neurocallis) awreo-
nitens, and more recently in the fifth vol. of the
“Species Filicum” as Acrostichum (Chrysodium)
aureo-nitens, Judging by either of the sectional
names, it might be supposed to have some resem-
plance to the well-known Acrostichum aureum, but
such is not the case, reticulated venation and appa-
rent- amorphous sori being the only characters that
place it in that alliance; in habit it is totally dis-
tinct, just as distinct from Acrosticwum (Chrysodium)
aureum as Ceterach oficinarum is from Aspleniwm
(Hemidictyon) marginatum. The plant has simple
barren and pinnate fertile fronds 6 to 10 inches in
length, the whole plant being densely clothed with
shining scales. To me its relationship seems to be
‘with Hemionites vestita, a beautiful Fern of India, and
also with ‘another little-known species, the Gymno-
gramme (Eugymnogramme) Muellerii, a native of

north-eastern Australia, described and figured by Sir

W. J. Hooker, in the fifth vol. of the “ Species Fili-
cum,”’ which also seems to me to be closely related to

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 39

Hemionites vestita, but described as having free veins.
Whatever difference then may actually be in the
character of the venation of these three species there
can be no doubt but that they are closely allied and
constitute a very natural group. , I have always
considered that Hemionites vestita does not well asso-
ciate with true Hemionites, but now, having found
two companions for it, I view them as forming
a natural genus, to which I apply the name Chrys-
odium. Lhope that ere long we may have the op-
portunity of becoming better acquainted with them;
their silky appearance renders them worthy of being
added to our living collections.

In the Fijis again, Ferns form a conspicuous feature
in the vegetation. During a visit of only six months,
recently paid to these islands by Dr. Seemann, for the
purpose of exploring them and investigating their
Flora, he collected specimens of about 800 species of -
plants, and of these one-seventh were Ferns, very
few of which are yet known in our gardens. A few of
the desiderata are worth mentioning, particularly the
graceful Todea Wilkesiana, found by the collectors
attached to the United States’ Exploring Expedition,
and named by Mr. Brackenridge in compliment to
Commodore Wilkes, who was in command of the
expedition. It is spoken of by Brackenridge as the
“Little Tree-fern,” and as being not more than three
or four feet high; but Seemann found it in the moun-
tains of Somosomo, where it grows as underwood,
attaining seven feet in height, and often with several
crowns. The stem is as slender as a walking-stick,
and the fronds bipinnate, and about two feet in length,
with the ultimate pinnules thin, but not so delicate or

40 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

so finely cut as 7’. hymenophyloides. Davallia Feje-
ensis is a species with highly decompound fronds,
a foot or so high, having the segments so narrow
that they bear only a single sorus upon each. A
species of Hemonites, H. lanceolata, and Syngramme
pinnata, are found in these islands; the latter having,
on old plants, large pinnate fronds about one to two
feet high, including the rather long stipes, the first
simple lanceolate fronds from a. foot to eighteen
inches high, but it is questionable whether. these
simple fronds be not merely a state of the latter
plant, for other species of Syngramme are known
to have simple fronds as well as pinnate. Allied to
Syngramme is the long and well-known Teenites blech-
noides, which has a wide geographical range, but is
not yet introduced alive; the form usually seen in
herbaria from the Malayan islands has large simply
pinnate fronds, with long tapering pinna, like Blech-
num ortentale.

There is also another Fijian Fern, desirable as much
on account of its botanical character as from the
singularity of its appearance, viz., Diclidopteris angus-
tissima, which grows epiphytically on trees, chiefly
the Tahitian chestnut (Inocarpus edulis), in the
manner of Vittaria, and has narrow, thin, grass-like
fronds, varying from six inches to a foot in length. In
all the Fijian specimens I have seen, the fructification is
seated in a groove upon a vein running along the side
of the midrib, and parallel with it, though in the
generic character drawn up by Brackenridge, it is
said to be normally in two rows, one on either side of
the midrib; but, as Brackenridge alludes to its being
occasionally on one side only, I am not disposed to

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS. 41

consider it as a distinct species without further
evidence, though it is worthy of remark that the
specimens seen by that author were partly from the
Samoan, and partly from the Fijian group; and it is
possible that the two forms are separated geographi-
cally, as well as by their technical characters. Did
space permit many others might be indicated—not
only from these islands, but from other Polynesian
groups ; though, as far as it is at present known, the
Fern Flora is very uniform in species throughout.
New Caledonia, the Soloman Isles, and others, have
not, however, yet been well explored, either by
botanical or horticultural collectors.

As might be expected from the great intercourse
that-has been carried on of late years between this

country and New Zealand, the greater part of the

Ferns indigenous to that colony are now to be found
in our half-hardy ferneries, only about 20—a small
number—out of the 120 species described by Dr.
Hooker in his “Handbook of the New Zealand
Flora,” remaining to be introduced. One especially I
should be glad to see in a living state: viz., the

remarkable as well as handsome and very rare

Loxsoma Cunninghamit, found by Cunningham on the
Keri Keri. River, Bay of Islands, and by Sinclair on
the Wangarei River, in the Northern Island. This
Fern possesses the habit of a Microlepia, and has
broadly triangular decompound fronds, two to three
feet high, glaucous below, with sori intermediate
in character between Trichomanes and Davallia.*
The Tasmanian Ferns are likewise nearly all intro-

* This Fern was introduced, but has not become established.

42 FERNS: BRITISH AND . FOREIGN.

duced; only one half-dozen out of the 52 species
described by Dr. Hooker in his “Flora Tasmania”
being unknown in our gardens, while of the Aus-
tralian ones about a third are still wanting to complete
our collection, and one of these is the extremely rare
Platyzoma microphylla, found by R. Brown on the
borders of the Gulf of Carpentaria during Flinder’s
voyage—an extremely neat little Fern, with rigid
pinnate fronds a foot long, and hardly one-eighth of
an inch broad, having minute oval pinnules, with
revolute edges and powdery beneath, growing in tufts
from short creeping rhizomes.

I have now traced the progress of the introduction of
exotic Ferns to the gardens of this country, and shown
that many novelties have yet to come. No doubt,
more or less of them will from time to time be intro-
duced, as they are eagerly sought after by nume-
rous amateurs. Select private collections are thus
formed, in many cases consisting of rare and unique.
plants; but, in the course of time, changes in private
establishments take place, and thus collections. of
Ferns get dispersed, and species are often lost to the
country. It is, therefore, only to such public esta-
blishments as that of Kew that we have to look to
for the preservation of special collections. As there
is no law or rule defining what kinds of plants should
or should not be grown in public Botanic Gardens,
the matter resting entirely with the Director or
Curator, some families of plants are often more
favoured than others, although all are of equal merit
in a botanical point of view. To a certain extent,
the Fern collection at Kew is a proof of this; it so
happens that both Sir W. J. Hooker and myself had

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FERNS, 43

an early predilection for Ferns, which has led to
the gradual increase of the fine collection at Kew;
and, although I am now* incapacitated, by failing
sight, from doing more in support of this collection,
still, happily, it remains under the direction of Sir
W. J. Hooker, who, doubtless, will not allow it to
deteriorate, either in number of species or other-
wise. One great means towards assisting in their
preservation is continuing to view them as a scienti-
fic collection. Scientifically-arranged collections are
presumed to be the leading features of all Botanic
Gardens. Unfortunately it is not the most showy or
attractive. My long experience has shown me that as
soon as a scientific arrangement in any family of
plants is lost sight of, and showy cultivation made
the first consideration, a rapid loss of species is the
sure consequence. For their proper maintenance it
is most essential that the cultivator should view
even the most humble species with a scientific
and conservative eye. It is also much to be desired
that an official rule should be made, requiring an in-
ventory of the collections to be taken every few years,
and the publication of a general catalogue; or, in
order to meet the various tastes of the public, separate
catalogues of special families, like the one I now
publish of the Ferns, might be issued.

“*® May, 1864.

4A FERNS! BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

II.—ORGANOGRAPHY.

OR the purpose of rendering the technical descrip-
tions occurring in the following pages intelligible
to those not well acquainted with botany, I have thought
it necessary to devote a preliminary chapter to organo-
graphy, being the explanation of the various terms
in common use among pteridologists. I adopt this
course in preference to giving an ordinary glossary,
because I think a better idea of the structure of the
plants, and the relation of one organ to another, and
of the relation of the terms to the organs themselves,
may be conveyed by it; but for convenience of refer-
ence I append an alphabetical list of the terms, paged
so that they can be easily found in the explanatory
chapter. In the generic characters I have endeavoured
to avoid needless technicalities, though I have not
attempted to frame them in what is commonly called
a “popular” style, and I hope that with the aid of
the following explanations, persons of ordinary
abilities who have not made botany their study, will
be able to understand them. In many cases, espe-
cially in describing the form and shape of the fronds,
the same terms are employed as in flowering plants ;
but as now and then they have special significations,
I have briefiy explained all that occur in this work.

Ferns (filices) are flowerless plants, and form the highest order
of the division of the vegetable kingdom termed Cryptogamia.
Their most evident organs consist of the stem and the leaves, the

ORGANOGRAPHY, A5

latter of which are always called fronds, and are variously traversed
by veins, ramifying in a determinate manner in the different genera.
Upon certain definite parts of these veins, generally on the under
side of the frond, termed the receptacles, clusters or lines of free
one-celled spore-cases (sporangia) are produced, or occasionally
many-celled ones (synangia), and in these cases the reproductive
spores are contained. The clusters are called sort.

VERNATION.

The word vernation, as employed by me, designates the mode of
growth of Ferns, or, in other words, the manner in which their
fronds are developed and connected with the stem.

VERNATION is either—

Articulated when the fronds are attached to the stem by a joint,
and leave a clean scar when they fall away ; or,

Adherent when no such joint exists, and the bases are continuous
-with the stem.

And it is either—

‘Uniserial when the fronds are produced one after the other, ina
single lineal series, sometimes close together (contiguous),
and at other times far apart (distant) ; or,

Fasciculate when they surround a central axis, upon the top of
which they form a crown.

STEM.

In a large number of Ferns the stem is not at first sight very
evident ; and even when plainly visible, it is frequently confounded.
with the root by the unlearned (as, for example, the underground
stems of Pteris aquilina); but in others, as in Tree-ferns, it
is very marked. It is an organ of considerable importance for
classifying purposes, and often affords valuable distinctive cha-
racters. : :

The principal modifications of the stem are the—

” Rhizome, a brittle, fleshy, prostrate stem, producing roots along its
under side, mostly growing above ground (epigwous), and
then furnished with scales (syuamose), but. occasionally
under ground (hypogeous), and then destitute of scales. It

46: FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

varies greatly in length, and is either simple or branched ;
when very short and branched it forms tufts (coespitose), and
when very long (swrculose) it usually climbs on trees
(scandent). Very rarely it is erect (subfrutescent). Its point
of growth is always evidently (often considerably) in ad-
vance of the undeveloped fronds ; and the fronds themselves
are produced singly from special, more or less distant,
points on its sides, termed nodes, at which they are arti-
culated.

Sarmentum, a tough slender running stem, rooting like a rhizome,
and either epigzeous or hypogzous, but differing in having
the bases of the fronds adherent and continuous with it,
and in its point of growth being coincident with, or scarcely
ever in advance of, the undeveloped frond.

Caudex, an erect or reclining (decwmbent) stem, either simple or
tufted (ceespitose), through the growth of offsets, or rarely
sending out long running shoots, which root at their ex-
tremity (stoloniferous). It is often very small, scarcely
rising above the earth, but generally more or less elevated,
and sometimes forms a cylindrical trunk (arborescent), oc-
casionally 50 or more feet high, which, in many species, is
thickened by the growth of numerous aérial, outgrowing,
wiry roots. And it bears a crown of usually adherent
fronds, developed in a spiral series, upon its apex.

FRONDS.

The fronds of Ferns are either barren or fertile. In the great
majority the latter do not differ very much from the former, though
they are generally rather narrower in all their parts. But some-
times they are very evidently different on the same plant, the
barren presenting the ordinary leafy appearance, and the fertile
being decidedly contracted, occasionally so much so that the leafy
part is entirely absent, or in some the two kinds are combined in
the same frond, the fertile portion being contracted, and the barren
leafy.

When young the fronds are involutely coiled, in the manner of
@ watch-spring, and gradually uncurl during the period of growth
(circinate) ; rarely straight, as in Ophioglossee.

ORGANOGRAPILY. 47

Fully developed fronds vary in size from less than an inch to 15
or 20 feet in length, and from a line, or even less, to 10 or 15 feet
in breadth. They also vary in form, in circumscription, and in
texture ; and they are either furnished with a leaf-stalk (stipes)
or are leafy to the base (séssile),

In describing the form, circumscription, texture; and surface of
the fronds of Ferns, the same terms are employed as in the case of
the leaves of flowering plants. They vary from simple entire to
decompound-multifid. In compound fronds the primary divisions
are termed pinne, and when more than once divided, the ultimate
ones pinnules ; and the terms applied to simple fronds are equally
applicable to these divisions. The divisions or branches of their
stipes a.so are termed the rachis.

Their texture is very different in different species. Some being
thin, membranous, and even pellucid, while others are thick and
coriaceous, or fleshy, rigid or flaccid.

The surfaces of the fronds are either quite smooth, or furnished
with different kinds of hairs, glands, or scales (the latter have
. received the name of samenta, and are generally membranous and
deciduous), or they are covered, particularly the under. surface,
with white or yellow farina.

The plants called Fern Allies differ entirely in habit and mode
of growth from true Ferns ; that the word fronds is not applicable ;
but as the genus Selaginella is called “ fern-like plants,” I there-
fore apply the term “ frondules” to the species with distinct stems,
and to the main branches of the surculose species.

VEINS.

In Ferns the mode in which the veins are disposed in the sub-
stance of the fronds, or the venation, as it is termed, is of more
importance than in flowering plants, the characters relied upon for
distinguishing the genera depending more or less upon it, and
there are numerous terms applied to it.

The midrib of simple fronds, or of the pinne or pinnules of
compound fronds, is called the costa, and is in the former a con-
tinuation of the stipes, gradually decreasing in thickness towards
the apex, or altogether disappearing (evanescent), and in the latter

48 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

a continuatton or branch of the ultimate rachis with which it is
either adherent or articulated. It is generally central; but is
sometimes excentric, or even quite on one side (unilateral), or some-
times there is no costa at all. From the sides of the costa veins are
produced at more or less distance from each other, generally equal
on each side, except when the costa is excentric or the frond or
segment has a radiating axis. The direction of the first or primary
veins is, as in the leaves of other plants, towards the margin and
apex of the frond or segment, forming a more or less acute or
obtuse angle, or sometimes nearly a right angle with the costa.

In describing venation the words veins, venules, and veinlets are
employed, each successive one of which is intended as a diminutive
of the preceding ; “veins” being applied to the first ramification
of the midrib, “venules” to the branches, and “veinlets” to
the branches of the venules. Some fronds have veins only, others
veins and venules, and others again all three.

Terms are occasionally employed to express the relative distinct-
ness of the venation, particularly when any marked peculiarity
exists : thus it is said to be—

Elevated, or external, when they are so thick: that they are readily
seen and felt on the under surface of the frond ; and—
Internal when very much sunk in the substance of the frond,

The primary veins are—
Costeform when very strong and well defined, more or less re-
sembling the costa in general appearance ;
Undefined when of the same size as and not distinguishable from
the venules and veinlets ; and—

Evanescent when they gradually disappear towards the margin.

’
Veins are spoken of as—

Free when each vein proceeding from the midrib, however much it
may be divided, is entirely unconnected with the neigh-
bouring ones ; and—

Anastomosing when the venules of one vein are insome way con-
nected with those of the next.

A fascicle comprehends a single vein with all its venules and
veinlets.

ORGANOGRAPHY. 49

Free veins are—

Simple when each vein proceeds from the costa to the margin
without branching (83).

Forked when they divide at an acute angle into two or more
branches after leaving the costa (51), :

Simply forked, or dichotomous, when the division is into, two
branches (96).

Pinnately forked when the primary veins are scarcely defined, and
branch several tinies one after the other on both sides (75).

Pinnate when the primary veins that run from the costa to the
margin are distinctly defined, and produce venules in
regular order on both sides, so that the fascicles have a
feather-like appearance (121).

Radiate when the veins spread out from a definite point at the
base of the frond or segment (93).

The simplest form of anastomosing venation is when the apices
of the veins are combined or connected by means of a marginal
vein (113). In the more complicated forms it is spoken of as—

Angularly anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of
the next, and form an angle at their point of junction (65) ;
when the angle is very acute the term acutely anastomosing
is employed, or sometimes called cathedrate. -

Arcuately anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those of
the next, and together form an arch or curve (63).

Transversely anastomosing when the venules of one vein join those
of the next, and together form a nearly straight line (104).

_ Distantly anastomosing when the venules are parallel with the
costa, close together, and joined at long intervals by short
cross veinlets.

Compoundly anastomosing when the venules are irregularly con-
nected in a more or less net-like manner, and have variously
directed free or conniving veinlets in the areoles (21-28, 43).

Reticulated when the veins, venules, and veinlets are all connected
together in a more or less net-like manner: uniform is used
in reference to reticulated venation when there is no apparent
difference between the veins, venules, and veinlets (31, 55).

Ez

50 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Areoles are the spaces formed by the anastomosing of veins, and are
of various shapes and sizes : those next the costa are called
costal areoles,

In speaking of the venules of forked and pinnate veins it is
sometimes necessary to indicate a particular one in the fascicle :
thus, the—

Anterior venules are those on that side of the vein next the apex of
the frond or segment ; and the

Posterior venules those on the opposite side farther from the apex.
Venules and veinlets are likewise said to be—
Excurrent when directed towards the margin of the frond or
segment ; and
Recurrent when directed from the margin ;
And their apices are said to be
Clavate when thickened like a club,

FRUCTIFICATION,

‘As a general rule, what is called the fructification of Ferns is
seated on more or less regularly arranged points or lines on the
under surface or margin of the fronds, and is usually of well-
defined form. There are, however, some variations from this. For
example, in Acrostichee it either covers the whole under surface of
the fronds, or is in irregular undefined patches, and in some other
cases, as Botrychiwm, Osmunda, &c., where the fertile fronds are
much contracted, it assumes a spike-like or racemose form.

The terms used in describing the fructification may be classed
under four heads :—l1st. Those relating to the receptacle; 2nd.
those relating to the sporangium and synangium; 3rd. those
relating to the sorus ; and 4th, those relating to the industum.

1. Receptacle.

The receptacles are the sites upon which the spcrangzia are seated,
and are generally either thickened points on, or long thickened
portions of, some part of the venation.

In position they are—~
Terminal when on the points of the veins or their branches (5, 7),
Basal when close to the ccsta (1),

ORGANOGRAPIY. 51

Axillary when on the point where the veins fork (131).

Compital when on the angular crossings or points of confluence of
two or more venules or veinlets,

Medial when in none of the above positions, but some intermediate
part of the veins or the branches (21, 28)..

They are superficial, or immersed in the substance of the frond,
or elevated above its surface, and then columnar (plate I. fig. 9) or
globose.

In form they are—
Punctiform when small and dot-like.
Elongated when long and line-like.
Amorphous when of no defined form (46).

2. Sporangium.

The spore-cases, or sporangia, are the organs which contain the
reproductive spores, and are borne in masses upon the receptacles.
They are thin and transparent, or horny and opaque, unilocular
and globose, oval or pyriform, usually pedicellate, which is articulate,
but sometimes sessile, and either furnished with a more or less
complete articulated elastic ring (annulate) (plate I. fig. 1), or
destitute of a ring (exannalate) (plate I. fig. 4). In annulate
sporangia the ring is said to be

Vertical when it rises immediately from the apex of the pedicel (of
which is a continuation), and passes vertically over the apex
of the sporangium (plate I. fig. 1).

Horizontal when it passes horizontally round the sporangium
either at or about its middle (plate I. fig. 2), or at the apex
(apical) (plate I. fig. 3.)

Oblique when it has neither of the above directions, but passes
round the sporangium in gome direction intermediate
between them.

When the sporangia arrive at maturity and are under certain
favourable conditions as to dryness, the elasticity of the ring causes
them to burst open with force and sound sufficient to be heard, and
this takes place in a direction at or very near to a right angle with
the direction of the ring. In exannulate sporangia the opening
takes place by a simple slit or pore (plate I. figs. 4 and 5).

BQ

52 FERNS: BRITISH AND TORRIGN.

Synangrwm.

The synangiaare formed by the union of a greater or lesser
number of exannulate sporangia, arranged side by side, forming a
series of cells, disposed in a circle, or in two rows side by side,
united in one mass, which either remain united (plate I. fig. 5),
or separate longitudinally in two valve-like lobes (plate I. fig. 6).
The cells open for the escape of the spores by a slit on their inner
side or by a pore at their apex.

In Lycopodiace and Marsileaces there are two kinds of sporangia,
the one containing numerous small spores, the other only a few—
considerably larger. Some authors consider them to represent
different sexes, and therefore named the first Antheridangia, the
other Oophoridangia. The large spores are known to vegetate, and
some say the small ones also ; the large ones are called Corpuscules.
In the genus Marsilea the sporangia are called conceptacles, because
they contain free vesicles of two kinds, one containing small
spores, Antheridangia, the other large ones, Oophoridangia. ‘

8. Sorus.

The sori are. the mnsses of sporangia borne upon the recep-
tacles, and are either naked or furnished with variously shaped
hairs and scales, or with membranous or rarely coriaceous covers
of various forms (indusia) ; their form and position correspond
with and are dependent upon those of the receptacles, which are
their foundations. Thus, when the receptacles are punctiform, the
sori are always round (5) or globose, while elongated receptacles bear
sori of many forms, oblong, ovate, oval, elliptical, arcuate, linear (50),
reticulated (54), &e. They are situated on the margin of the frond or
seoment (marginal), a little within the margin (antemarginal),
somewhere between the margin and the midrib (intramarginal), close
tothe midrib (costal or basal), or sometimes on a pedicel, and. pro-
jecting slightly beyond the margin (exserted or extrorse) (73). In some
cases they are irregularly scattered, but in others they are arranged
either in rows (serial) (7) or in continuous lines, and when these
diverge at an angle from the midvib they are said to be oblique (110) ;
und when parallel with either the margin or the costa, transverse
(96 and 100). As a general rule, each sorus is distinct and well-

ORGANOGRAPHY, 53

defined, but in many cases the receptacles are so very close to-
gether that one sorus runs into another (confluent), or sometimes
the receptacles themselves are joined and form a more or less
perfectly united simple sorus, or when not perfectly joined (as in
Cryptogramme and Platyloma) a compound linear sorus.

4, Indusium. -

_ As stated above, the sori of some ferns are naked while those of
others are furnished with a kind of cover, to which the name
indusium is given by some authors, and involucre by others.

The indusia present many well-marked forms, and often afford
valuable characters for distinguishing genera, though they are by
no means constant. Three kinds are distinguishable: special,
accessory, and universal. ;

True or special indusia are of a cellular membranous nature, and
are produced from the receptacles to which they are attached in
different ways. In some cases they are in the form of an orbicular
disk, and then rise from the centres of the receptacles to which
they are attached by their own centres, their edzes being free all
round ; this form is called peltate or central (plate I. fig. 7). More
frequently, however, the indusia are more or less elongated, anit
are then attached to the sides of the receptacles (lateral) (plate I.
fig. 8). In this case their attachment is either on the side next the
costa (interior), or on that next to or at the margin (exterior), and
is either by a point or sinus on their side, in which case their form
varies from reniform to oval and oblong, or it is by the entire length
of oneside, when they are linear (110). Their surface is flat (plane),
arched (vaulted), or hood-like (cucullate), and their edges are either
entire or variously laciniated or fringed.

Besides these two modes of attachment, there is a third kind
where the indusia are attached all round the base of the receptacle,
and they are at first globose and entire, but ultimately their apex
opens, and then they assume a cup-like (calyciform) form with the
margin more or less entire (plate I. fig. 9) ; sometimes the attachment

_is only half round the receptacle (semi-calyciform).

Accessory indusia, sometimes in addition to the true indusia,
portions of the margin of the frond are changed in texture and
‘form, what are here termed accessory indusia, and which resemble.
the true indusia in appearance. These connive more or less with

54 FERNS! BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the true indusia, which in these cases are always attached on the
interior side of the receptacles, and the two combined indusia form
continuous or interrupted grooves, or urceolate, bilabiate, or tubulose
cysts, open exteriorly and containing the sporangia (plate I. figs,
10 and 11).

Universal indusia occur in cases when the segments of the fertile
fronds are contracted. They consist simply of the margins of the
segments being more or less changed in texture, and rolled inwards
so as to include all the sori upon the segment (plate I. fig. 12).

There is also another kind of indusium, called “ indusoid scales ;”
they only occur in a few species of the division Eremobrya. In
Pleopeltis this consists of orbicular, peltate, glistening imbricate
disks, covering the sporangia ; in Hymenolepis they are very thin
and membranous ; in Schellolepis they are very irregular in form,
and seem to be imperfect sporangia ; their deformity being caused
by the excessively crowded immersed sporangia ; they are also found
in Tenitisand Vittaria, and have received the name of paraphyses.
I however do not use this term in describing those genera. The
orbicular disks of Pleopeltis, however, seem to be more special
organs, particularly in the smooth-fronded species.

I have now explained the terms of the chief organs
and structure of Ferns made use of for their classifi-
cation. I fear a beginner will say it is quite enough to
deter any one from entering upon the study of Ferns;
but he should bear in mind that it is quite as impossible
to read a language without first learning the alphabet
as to understand botanical descriptions without first
mastering the technical terms employed in them.
He will be further impressed with the difficulty of
study when he finds that the very first point of inves-
tigation is to determine whether the fern before him
has or has not a ring to its spore-cases. He presumes
that a microscope is required to determine this first
starting-point ; but such is not actually the case, for
with the aid of a pocket lens he will be able to detect
the presence or absence of a ring, and as annulate

4

ORGANOGRAPRY. 55

and exannulate Ferns in cultivation in this country
are in proportion to one another as one to forty-five,
he may soon become aware that the great majority
of Ferns belong to the annulate section. But the
best way for a beginner is to procure a few correctly-.
named species of each tribe, and carefully compare
them with the characters given in the following
pages. He will soon overcome the dread of technical
phrases, and before long will be able to refer his
unnamed species to their respective tribes: and
genera.

56 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ON THE GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR
CLASSIFICATION,

ee systems for the classification of Ferns are

almost as numerous as pteridologists themselves ;
indeed, nearly every author, from Linnzeus downwards,
who has written upon the subject, has propounded his
own views, and these have generally differed both
from his predecessors and from his contemporaries.
But the point upon which pteridologists appear to differ
most, and on which their only agreement seems to be
an agreement to differ, is the definition of genera and
their hmits. I say emphatically appear to differ, for
in the works of those most at issue, the differences are
not so much in- the limits of the groups themselves
as in the relative importance assigned to them. For
example, while some, as Presl, Moore, and myself,
break up the old Linnean genera, Polypodium, Aspi-
dium, &e., into a greater or lesser number of smaller
genera, others, as Hooker and Mettenius, prefer ad-
hering to the Linnzan genera, without greatly altering
their characters, and adopting the modern generic
names as sectional ones for such divisions as they find
themselves compelled to make. It would occupy too
much space to enter fully upon this subject, and I
must leave it for a more extensive work upon the
genera of Ferns, long contemplated by me, con-
tenting myself here with a brief mention of the organs
more or less employed by pteridologists in establish-
ing and classifying genera.

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 57

An examination of the works of Linnzus shows that
he was acquainted with about one hundred and eighty
species, and these he classed under eleven genera (viz.,
Osmunda, Onoclea, Acrostichum, Henionitis, Polypodium,
Asplenium, Pteris, Blechnum, Lonchitis, Adiantum, and
Trichomanes),which were founded upon purely artificial
characters, derived solely from the shape and position
of the fructification. This system was amply sufficient
for the limited number of species then known ; indeed,
the proportion of- genera to species was much larger
in Linneus’s days than in our own; but when the
number of species had been greatly augmented, it
became obvious that, in order to avoid genera of
unwieldy dimensions, if not for other reasons, addi-
tional characters must be sought for; and these have
gradually been introduced. It is a remarkable fact,
however, that although the number of species now
known exceeds by about twenty-fold that known to
Linneeus, it is quite possible to arrange them all under
the eleven genera established by that author.

After the time of Linneeus, the first additional organ
relied upon for generic characters was the indusiwm,
which was employed by Sir J. EH. Smith and Pro-
fessor Roth, and afterwards more fully by Swartz,
who divided the twenty-five genera known to him
into “naked” and “indusiate.” Linnzus noticed
the fact of the sori following the course of the veins in
his character of Hemionitis, but, in 1810, Robert Brown
first specially employed characters taken from the
position of the sori upon the veins. This was the next

important step in advance. The same learned botanist
was also before anybody else to point out the im-
portance of venation as an aid to classification, but

58 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the credit of being the first to employ characters from
venation upon a large scale is due to Professor Presl,
who, in 1836, published his celebrated ‘‘ Tentamen
Pteridographiz,” where he described one hundred and
fifteen genera of Polypodiacee alone, in the characters
of all of which the venation holds the most prominent
place. Several years before seeing Presl’s “Tenta-
men,” I had been engaged in working out, and had
completed, a treatise upon the same subject, which,
with a few necessary alterations in nomenclature, I
afterwards published.* My views for the most
coincided with those of -Presl, but I had paid more
attention to forming natural groups and bringing
together species agreeing in their mode of growth,
and vegetative organs; for it appeared to me that
pteridologists did not give sufficient importance to
that point, and even now it is not taken into considera-
tion as much as it deserves to be. With the exception
of my own more recent efforts to obtain characters from
the mode of growth presently to be explained, the only
further suggestion of any importance remaining to be
noticed is that of M. Fée, who, in his work on the
Polypodiacee, introduced characters taken from the
form and structure of the sporangia, the number of
articulations in their rings, and the form of their spores.
The form of the sporangia, and direction of their rings,
had previously been adopted by Pres] and myself for
distinguishing the main orders or sub-orders of Ferns,
and I, in common with all modern pteridologists, still
rely upon those organs for that purpose; but I cannot
consent to their introduction into generic and specific
characters, as proposed by Fée. Even were the dif-

* Hook. Journ. Bot., 1841.

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 59

ferences pointed out by him constant, which they are
not, the organs themselves are so minute that the
study of Ferns would be impeded rather than facili.
tated by the laborious microscopic examination de-
manded, The spores also vary at different ages, and
are thus apt to mislead. No practical advantage is
gained by the introduction of such characters; and
natural groups and alliances can be established without
them, by employing such tangible characters as do
not require much aid from the microscope for their
observation.

I now come to consider the characters taken from
mode of growth. My long connection with the Royal
Botanic Garden at Kew, where an unrivalled collection
of Ferns exists, has given me abundant facilities for
the observation of growing plants, and after an atten-
tive study and close examination of many years I am
induced to attach a higher value for systematic pur-
poses to the different modes of growth than my con-
temporaries may be disposed to do. My views upon
this subject were first published in Seemann’s
* Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald” (p. 226),
and subsequent observations have but confirmed them.

Ferns present two very distinct modes of growth,
the one of which I term Hremobrya, and the other Des-
mobrya, and these are comparatively as distinct as the
primary divisions of flowering plants ; but I do not, as
has been suggested, consider that there is any analogy
between the structure of the stems of Hremobrya
and Endogens, and Desmobrya and Ewogens, that
their respective modes of development are identical,
or that Hremobrya and Desmobrya are of equal value
in a general systematic point of view with Hxogen and

*

60 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Endogen. The terms equivalent to the two latter are
Pleurogen and Acrogen.

In Eremobrya the fronds are produced singly from
the sides of a rhizome, which has its growing-point
always evidently in advance of the young developing
frond. Each frond springs: from a separate node,
more or less distant from its neighbour, and is there
articulated with the rhizome, so that when it has
passed its maturity it separates at the node, and
leaves behind a clean concave scar. The rhizome is
solid, fleshy, and brittle, ard when young always
densely covered with scales (excepting in hypogeous
rhizomes), which seldom, except in the very few scaly-.
fronded species, extend higher than the node; but it
varies in some respects, being in some cases long and
slender, and either simple or branched, and in others
short and thick. The essential distinction between
Lremobrya and Desmobrya rests in the fronds of the
former being articulated with the axis, while those
of the latter are adherent and continuous with the axis.

In Desmobrya the fronds are developed in two modes.
In a large number of Ferns belonging to this division
they come out from the apparent apex of the axis in
a spiral series, and form a fascicle or corona. In this
case the axis or stem is an erect or decumbent caudex,
very variable in size, being sometimes scarcely elevated
above the ground, and sometimes, in extreme cases,
rising to the height of fifty or more feet. Almost an
equally large number, however, have their fronds de-
veloped in a single alternate series, and their stem -
forms a sarmentum, in which the point of growth is in
most cases scarcely at all in advance of the develop-
ing frond, and would appear to be coincident with

GENERA OF FURNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 61

it, though sometimes the prelongation is evidently in
advance, and then the mode of growth appears to
agree with Lrenobrya; but the non-articulation of the
stipes at once distinguishes it. Whatever the character
of the stem of Desmobryous Ferns, it is always formed
of the united and adherent bases of the fronds, and
increases by the successive evolution of fresh fronds,
each succeeding one of which is produced on the
interior side of the bases of the preceding ones.

All Ferns are referable to one or other of these
two divisions, and in general the difference between
them is readily seen, particularly when living plants
are examined; but, as in all attempts to generalize
from special organs or structures, there are exceptions.
For example, in Elaphoglossum the fronds are neither
strictly adherent nor strictly articulate, but have a
swelling some distance up the stipes, at which point,.
though there is no change in structure, the vascular
bundles are so weak that the fronds ultimately sepa-
rate there; and hence I regard the genus as an
aberrant form of Desmobrya (?). In Woodsia, again,
the stipes has an elevated articulation ; but the axis isa
caudex formed of the adherent bases of the stipes, and
this, together with its fasciculate frond, indicates its
true affinity to be in Desmobrya. -A few also occur,
asin the section Ctenopteridee of the tribe Polypodie,
in which the articulation is obscure, and a careful
examination is required to detect it.

Notwithstanding these few exceptions, there can be
no doubt that the two modes of growth above de-
scribed are widely distinct, and the two groups into
which Ferns are thereby divided are quite distinct in
habit and appearance. The plants too seem to be

62 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

endowed with very different natures, for the vitality
and tenacity of life is much greater in the Hremo.
bryous than in the Desmobryous division ; and it is not
a little remarkable that so far as observations upon
cultivated plants enable me to ascertain, the latter are
freely reproduced from spores, while the former are in
proportion rarely reproduced by that means. In confir-
mation of this tenacity of life in Hremobrya I may men-
tion that in importations of Ferns from distant countries
those belonging to that division generally arrive in a
living state, while Desmobryous ones, particularly those
with sarmentum, are often killed in the transport.

I have now briefly reviewed in chronological order
all the organs or structures upon which pteridologists
rely for the formation of genera. Unfortunately,
scarcely two can be found who agree as to the
principles upon which genera of Ferns should be
founded, or as to the value of the several organs for
generic purposes. Some apply to Ferns the princi-
ples which characterize the genera among flowering
plants, depending for the most part upon characters
taken from the organs of reproduction. Others place
great reliance upon the different modifications of
venation ; whilst I believe I stand alone in endeavour-
ing to obtain natural genera, that is, genera having
species associated by general habit and appearance,
and by employing auxiliary characters taken from
the modes in which the plants grow. Habit is not
excluded from generic characters of flowering plants;
indeed numerous instances might be quoted in which
it is allowed by eminent botanists to constitute the
chief distinction between allied genera, and by intro-
ducing it into the characters of Fern genera, more

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 63

natural groups and sequences are obtained than by a
strict adherence to the artificial characters afforded
by the fructification and venation, Among Ferns
no single organ alone affords characters sufficient for
general systematic purposes. Were the principle
upon which Linnzus acted—that is, a strict adherence
to the fructification alone—applied in its integrity
to the enormous mass of Ferns now known,—and it
would be quite possible to do so, the most incongruous
plants would be associated under one genus, and the
magnitude of the genera would be quite overwhelming.
‘The same would be the case were venation alone or
habit alone to be taken into consideration. In some
instances, however, a marked difference in one set of
characters indicates well-defined groups; but as a
general rule a combination of differences in two or
more sets is requisite. Great difference of opinion
exists as to what is and what is not a genus; but so
long as plants are distributed into well-circumscribed
groups of not too great an extent, it appears to me
that it is a matter of little importance whether those
groups be termed genera, sub-genera, or sections.
For my own part I prefer regarding them as genera,
It has not been without due consideration that I have
‘arrived at this conclusion. It also saves a great deal
of unnecessary trouble, both in speaking and writing
about Ferns, it being more easy to say and write
Elaphoglossum conforme, than Acrostichum (Elapho-
glossum) conforme, or Gymnogramme tomentosa, than
~~ Gymnogramme (Hugymnogramme) tomentosa, &c. Also
by studying the character of the smaller groups indi-
vidually, and treating them as genera, their nature is
at once brought to the mind, without having to think

64 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

of their association with a host of species of quite dis-
tinct characters. It also leads to investigation, and,
accordingly, to a better knowledge of the structure of
Ferns. “
With regard to the characters that define the limits
of species; as much~ uncertainty prevails amongst
authors as with genera. This is owing to several
causes; such as many species being normally hetero-
morphous, presenting at the same time different forms,
which again vary at another period of growth; and in
many instances authors have described the different
‘states as distinct species; and in some cases different
fronds of the same plant, and even portions of the
same frond, have been placed under separate genera.
It also frequently happens that two or more presumed
‘species present so many intermediate gradations of
form, that only the most extreme states appear suffi-
ciently distinct to warrant their adoption as species,
the numerous intermediate forms seeming to set
specific distinctions at defiance. It therefore becomes
a question what is the limit of form or of structure that
constitutes a species. Generally understood, a species
is an organized structure endowed with an essence or
quality peculiar to itself, and possessing the power of
multiplying and transmitting its type to new genera-
tions without change, ad infinitum. Admitting this
definition as correct, it seems to be beyond human
power to ascertain whether the serial gradations of
form are genuine descendants of original creations, or
ouly deviations from one original, brought into exist-
enze during the lapse of ages by the different climatic
and local influences they have been subjected to. It
is well known that. phenogamous plants assume differ-

GENURA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 65

ent forms and aspects, effected by the agency of man
and by various natural causes; the difference from the
original types being often so great, that if evidence of
the change were not on record, the botanist of the
present day would be justified in describing them as
distinct originally created species. With Ferns we
possess but little evidence of new forms having come
into existence, the chief examples being found in sev-
eral intermediate states in the genus Gymnogramme,
which of late years have made their appearance in
gardens, and seem to have as good right to be re-
garded as species as the original typical forms first
known. [If such changes do actually take place, and
we are to deduce from them that races of intermediate
forms originate in the progress of time and through the
causes above alluded to,then great difficulty must attend
any attempt to define species of Ferns. This is espe-
cially applicable in determining species from extensive
suites of herbarium specimens. ‘The number of species
will be diminished or increased in accordance with the
botanist’s idea of specific differences: he will either
amalgamate a number of allied forms under one specilic
name, or separate more or less of them as distinct
species. On inspecting living examples of allied forms,
the latter view seems to claim adoption; for although
- words often fail to convey the differences between
individuals, still the eye readily detects them, and
knowing that each maintains its own peculiar phase or
habit from year to year, the scientific observer con-
siders himself justified in naming them distinct species.
-It is a botanical rule to retain the names under which
species are first described, whether continued in their
original genus, or in whatever genus they may after-
EF

66 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

wards be placed.- But as many species of Linneus,
Swartz, and other old, as well as modern authors,
are but indifferently described, many being derived
from imperfect specimens, and with nothing but the
meagre description left us for their identification, it
frequently happens that some modern author detects,
or supposes he has found out, that the new species of
his contemporary is one of the Linnean or Swartzian
doubtful species, and faith in his decision being
admitted, familiar names become changed, thus bur-
dening the science with additional synonyms, and
rendering it in many cases impossible to reconcile one
author’s views with another. As an instanceof the
different views of authors on the identification of
species and:their synonyms, the genus Asplenium is a
good example, it having within these few years, and
near about the same time, been revised by Dr. Mettenius,
Sir W. J. Hooker, and Mr. Moore. The two latter
had the advantage of profiting by Dr. Mettenius’s
views, but in a great many cases I find it quite impos-
sible to reconcile or agree with the views of either.
Asan example of the different views, I will cite the
plant known in gardens for the last forty years by the
name of Asplenium Shepherdii. The above-mentioned
authors place it as a synonym, each under a different
species and with different synonyms. To show the
impossibility of reconciling one with the other, it will
be sufficient to notice that in the Index Filicwm it is
found as one of twenty-three synonyms under Dipia-
zium rodicans, Believing as I do that these synonyms
represent several distinct species, and the plant in
question being one .of them, I deem it best to retain
it ander the name it has ‘been so long known by, and

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 67

which is very well represented in “Lowe’s Ferns,”
vol. v. p. 47.

These observations briefly explain a few of the causes
of the plurality of names possessed by most Ferns,
also the difficulty of arriving at satisfactory conclusions
respecting their generic and specific distinctions,
affording little hope.of an early unanimity amongst
authors, and fully justifying every one who has studied
Pteridology in giving his own views.

This being the case, I have to explain that some
important changes in the relative position of tribes
and genera have been made in the following enumera-
tion, in order to bring natural allied genera together ;
thus Oleandra and the articulated Davallia are now
placed in Eremobrya, which is their proper place.
The tribe Aspidiee I now make a section of the tribe
Phegopteridece, their former separation being entirely
dependent on the presence or absence of indusia, an
organ not to be depended on in this tribe, when in
many cases I am doubtful even ofits value as a generic
distinction, such as between Dictyopteris and Aspidium,
Goniopteris and Nephrodium, Phegopteris and Lastrea,
these. genera containing species perfectly analogous to
one another in general habit. The fugaceous nature
of the indusium also makes it an organ of less import-
ance than it is generally considered. In many species
it is very small, and is soon lost or obliterated by the
swelling of the sporangia; it is therefore only by
watching living plants while the sori are yet young,
that many species can be proved to be indusiate or
non-indusiate.

I have long been dissatisfied with the position of
Hymenophyllec as a section of the tribe Dicksontece, it

F2

68 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

having ‘no natural affinity with the typical representative
of that tribe. Ihave, therefore, characterized them as
a distinct sub-order. Mettenius, in his work on Hyme-
nophyllece, published in 1864, removes them from the
position they have hitherto held between Cyathee and
Gleivheniece,. and places them before Polypodiec, as-
signing to them the lowest rank amongst the Ferns ;
in their downward relationship they would border on
mosses. It, however, appears that as far back as the
year 1828 the elder Reichenbach regarded the Hy-
menophyllece as the lowest group of Ferns, and indi-
cated their relationship to be with Hepatice. But to
discuss the views of these two authors on this subject
would require more space than this work will allow. .

These, with a few others, are the principal changes
I have introduced; more might be made, but as,
without being accompanied with full explanations
showing my reasons, they might be considered un-
necessary, I defer my views on the subject for
another and more general work on the genera of
Ferns, already alluded to.

The limited size of this book does not permit me to
give descriptions of the species; but in order to assist
in referring species to their respective genera, I have
given the general characters and a woodcut of each
genus, and also the principal synonyms, with refe-
rences to one or more published figures. The native
country of each species I have given only in its widest
sense, as many species have a wide geographical distri-
bution, and to state their precise localities would require
much space, and is the less necessary, as the special
localities of each species are given by Sir W. J. Hooker
in his great work, the “ Species Filicum,” now happily

GENERA OF FEKNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION. 69

brought to a close after twenty years’ arduous and
patient study. Another work has also been compiled
during the last few years: I allude to “ Lowe’s Ferns.”
It consists of nine volumes, with 550 plates, containing
figures of about two-thirds of the species in cultivation,
with vague descriptions and many erroneous synonyms.
This is a remarkable work in its way, but devoid of scien-
tific merit; the figures being the only part worthy of
notice; many of them are good representations of
species—all such I have quoted; others are not to be
relied upon, and tend rather to mislead.

In the following pages I have classified Ferns and
certain other Cryptogamic plants , called Tern allies,
under five orders, viz. :—

Order I. Filices. Annulate, or true Ferns.
» II. Marattiacee. Exannulate. Ferns.
» III. Ophioglossaces. Adder’s-tongue. Fern Ally.

» IV. Lycopodiacer. Lycopods. Fern Ally.
» V. Marsileaceze. Rhizocarps. Fern Ally.

The two first of these orders agree in having cir-
cinate unfolding fronds, but differing essentially ia
habit and nature of their spore-cases; in the first, the
spore-cases being membranous, and girded by an ar-
ticulate ring, and the other firm and coriaceous, and
destitute of a ring; they also differ in the nature of
their roots, true Ferns having slender filiform, often
soft, mossy roots, or they are hard and wiry, whereas in
Murattiacece they are thick and fleshy, indicating quite
a distinct habit of growth from that of true Ferns.
The third order, Ophioglossacee, seems to possess some
affinity to Marattiacee in the nature of its roots and
spore-cases, but its straight vernation marks it as
quite distinct. With Lycopodiacee it is connected

70 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

through Phylloglossum Drummond, a singular little
plant, having the appearance of a small plant of Ophio-
glossum Lusitanicwm, but with a spike formed of small
bracts containing sporangia in their axis, analogous to
Liycopodiacee ; otherwise the family of Iycopods stands
quite isolated, appearing to have no very evident’
transition forms connecting it with any other except
the extinct order. Lepidodendrece : the same may be
said of the last order, Marsileacece.

The most important of the above orders is Filices
Sir W. J. Hooker, in the “‘ Species Filicum,” describes
two thousand five hundred species of annulate Ferns,
which, with those described since the first publica-
tion of that work, twenty years ago, may now be
considered to amount to no fewer than three thou-
sand. To arrange and classify this mass of species is
no easy task. The chief writers on Ferns adopt the
difference in the position and direction of the ring, as
the first important character for subdividing the order.
This, however, divides it very unequally, the greater
mass having the ring of the spore-case vertical, which
characterizes the sub-order Polypodiacee ; this I have
in the following arrangement subdivided into eleven
tribes, as follows :—

Conspectus or ARRANGEMENT OF ORDERS, SuB-ORDERS,
AND TRIBES.

1. Annulate.—Sporangiafurnished with an articulate elastic ring,
OrvER I.—Filices.
Frond circinately unfolding. Sporangia furnished with vertical,
horizontal, or sub-oblique ring.

Sub-Order I.—Polypodiacee.
Fing vertical.

GENERA OF FERNS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION, 7]

Division IL.—Eremobrya.
Fronds articulated with the rhizome.
Tribe I. Oleandrece.—Sori round, medial, intra-marginal.
sium lateral, interiorly attached, or sometimes central
plane.

II. Davallee.—Sori round, terminal, marginal. Indusiwm
lateral, interiorly attached, vertically urceolate.

III. Polypodez.—Sord round or linear, naked.

Division II.—Desmobrya.

Fronds adherent to the stem.
Tribe IV. Acrosticheze.—Sori amorphous, naked.

V. Grammiteze.—VSori oblong or linear, simple, forked, or
reticulated, naked.

VI. Phegopteridese.—Sort round, rarely linear, naked or
indusiate. Indusiwm lateral, interiorly attached or
central, or rarely calyciform.

VII. Pteridez.—Sort marginal, round, or linear and trans-
verse. Indusiwm lateral, exteriorly attached on the
margin.

VIII. Blechnese.— Sort intra-marginal, linear, transverse.
Indusiwm lateral, exteriorly attached. ‘
IX. Aspleneze.—Sort linear, oblique. Indusiwm lateral.
X. Dicksonesz.—Sori marginal, round, or linear and
transverse. Indusiwm lateral, interiorly attached,
conniving with the changed margin, forming a groove
or urceolate sub-bivalved cyst.

XI. Cyathee.—Sort round, intra-marginal. Receptacles
elevated.—-Indusiwm calyciform, or lateral and inte-
riorly attached or absent. es

Sub-Order II.— Gleicheniacee.

Ring horizontal. (Sord intra-marginal.)

Sub-Order ITI.— Hymenophyllacer.
Ring horizontal or oblique. (Sori marginal.)

72 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sub-Order IV.—Osmundacea.

Ring apical, often rudimentary only.

Tribe I. Schizeese.—Sperangia produced on contracted racemes,
or on terminal or marginal spike-like appendices, ring
complete.

II. Osmundex. — Sporangia globose. ting rudimentary
only.

2. iu eee coriaceous, destitute of a ring.

Orver II.—Marattiacee.
Fronds circinate. Sporangia dorsal, free, or connate, opaque,
coriaceous.
Orper IIl.—Ophioglossacee.

Vernation straight, the fronds rising from a root-stock, consisting
of a fascicle (more or less according to aye) of fleshy roots. Sporangia
homogeneous, connate on spikes, or free and paniculate.

OrpeR IV.—Lycopodiacee.

Plants with indefinite prolonging, erect or pendulous, stems
furnished with acerose rusciform, or jungermania-like leaves (some-
times very small), bearing 1-2-celled sporangia in their axes, or
on catkin-like spikes.

OrvER V.—Marsileacce.
* Plants floating or growing in water, consisting of grass or trefoil-
like leaves, or branched with imbricate leaves, bearing 1-3, or

inany-celled sporangia at their base or otherwise (see the characters
of the respective genera).

73

AN ENUMERATION

OF

CULTIVATED FERNS.

oe

Onvrr I.—FILICES.

Fronds circinately unfolding, uniform and leafy, bearing
sporangia on their under side or margin (rarely on both sides);
or of two forms, one leafy and sterile, the other wholly, or some
portion of its segments more or less contracted and fertile.
Sporangia membraneous, one-celled, free, furnished with a
vertical, horizontal, or oblique articulated elastic ring.

Svus-Orper I—POLYPODIACEA.

Sporangia globose or oval, unilocular, pedicellate or sessile,
membraneous, furnished with a vertical ring, and opening at a
vight angle to the direction of the ring.

Division I.—Eremobrya.

Fronds in vernation lateral, solitary, attached to the axis
(rhizome) by a special articulation.

* Sori ndusiate.

Tre .—OLEAN DRE As.

Sort round, medial. Indusiwm lateral, interiorly attached or
sometimes central, plane.

74 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. CLEANDRA, Cav.

Rhizome surculose or erect, subfrutescent and ramose; node
of articulation sessile, or more
or less elevated on the stipes.
Fronds simple, entire, linear-
- lanceolate, 1—14 foot long, smooth
or pilose. Veins simple, or once
or twice forked; venules free,
parallel, their apices curved out-
wards, forming a narrow car-
tilaginous margin. Receptacles
Genus 1.—Portion of mature frond Punctiform, medial, or basal on
—under side: No.4. the anterior venules. Sori round,
transversely uniserial, or irregular. Indusiwm reniform, or
rarely orbicular.

1. O. nodecsa, Presl.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p.157. Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
#17. Aspidium nodosum, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 186) ;
Hook, Exot. Fil.t.117. Aspidium articulatum, Schk.
Fil. t. 27.—West Indies and Guiana.

2. O. articulata, Presi. Aspidium articulatum, Sw. (eel.
Syn. Plum. e Schk.).—East Indies, Mauritius, and
Natal,

3. O. Wallichii, Presl. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 158, Aspidium
Wallichii, Hook. Huot. Fil. t. 5. Kunze, Fil. t. 19.
Neuronia Asplenioides, D. Don.—East Indies.

4. O. neriiformis, Cav. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 58; Lowe’s Ferns,
7,t.16. Aspidium neriiforme, Sw.; Kunze, Fil. t,
18. Ophiopteris verticillata, Reinw—Var. hirtella,
Moore. Oleandra hirtella, Mig.; Kunze, Ful, t. 129,
Oleandra pilosa, Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 45 B—
East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Tropical
America.

Tre I.—DAVALLIE A.

Sori round or oblong, terminal, marginal. Indusium lateral,
interior, plane, or its sides more or lese adnate, forming a
vertical cyst, open exteriorly.

aT
Or

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

2. HUMATA, Cav.

Rhizome surculose, slender, squamiferous. Fronds linear-
lanceolate, entire, sinuose, pinnatifid or :
deltoid bipinnatifid, smooth, coriaceous.
Veins simple or forked; venules free,
often thickened and clavate. Receptacles
terminal, punctiform, on all or only on
the anterior venules of each fascicle.
Sort marginal or anti-marginal. Indu-
siwm sub-rotund or reniform, coriaceous, Genus 2.—Portion of fertile
interiorly attached by its base only, fond—vnder side. No. 1.
shorter or equal with the margin, and forming with it a bila-
biate vertical or sometimes oblique cyst.

1. H. heterophylla, J. Sm.; Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 114.
Humata ophioglossa, Cav, Humata pinnatifida, Cav.
Davallia heterophylla, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢. 230;
Hook. Fil, Exot. t. 27; Lowe's Ferns, 8,t.19; Hook.
Sp. Fib. 1, f. 152.—Malayan Archipelago.

2. H. pedata, J.Sm. Davallia pedata, Sm.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
t. 45 A; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 7. Pachypleura
pedata, Presl—Malayan Archipelago.

3. H. Cumingii, J. Sm. Davallia Cumingii, Hook. Sp. Fil.
1, t. 45 B.—Philippine Islands, Ceylon. ;

3. DAVALLIA, Sm.

Rhizome surculose creeping, or sub-erect and sub-frutescent,
Fronds generally
deltoid, pinnate,
bi-tripinnate, or
multifid, smooth,
often coriaceous.
Veins forked;
venules free, the
fertile ones often ; Z.
very short. Re Genus 3.—Pinnule of fertile frond—under side. No. 7.
ceptacles puncti-
form, terminal. Sori sub-rotund or vertically oblong, marginal.
Indusium scariose, its sides adnate, forming an urceolate or
tubular vertical cyst, open exteriorly.

76 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Fronds pinnate, pinne entire or lobed.

1. D. pentaphylla, Blume; Hook. Fil. Ewot. t. 37; Kunze,
Fil. t.108. Scyphularia pentaphylla, Fée. Stenolobus
pentaphyllus, Presl. Davallia tryphylla, Hook. Sp.
Fil. 1, t 46 A; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 18—Malayan
Archipelago.

** Tronds bi-tripinnately compound.
2. D. bullata, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. .50 B.—East Indies.

3. D. dissecta, J. Sm.; Moore in Gard. Chron. 1855, p. 469;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 20..~~Malayan Archipelago. £6.
decora, Dawvallia decora, Moore in Sim’s Cat—
Java.

4. D. Canariensis, Sm.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 56 A; Lodd. Bot.
Cab. t.142. Trichomanes Canariense, Linn. Poly-
podium Lusitanicum, Linn.—South of Europe,
Madeira, and Canary Islands.

5. D. ornata, Wall. Stenolobus ornatus, Presl. Davallia

solida, (3. latifolia, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 42 B; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 57.—Singapore.

6. D. solida, Sw.; Schk, Fil. t, 126.—Malayan and Polynesian
Islands.

7. D. pyxidata, Cav.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 27; Hook. Sp. Fil.
t. 55 C.—Australia,

8. D. Lindleyi, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 58 B—New Zealand P

9. D. elegans, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.43 4 B; Lowe’s Ferns,
8, t. 22. Dawvallia bidentata, Schk. Fil. ¢. 127.—
Malayan Archipelago.

10. D. divaricata, Blume. Davallia polyantha, Hook. Sp.
Fil. t. 59 A; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 23—Malayan Archi-
pelago.

11. D. elata, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t,127 B; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 166,
t.55 A.—Society Islands, Malayan Archipelago, é&c.

12. D. nitidula, Kunze; Schk. Supp. Fil. t. 37, f.2; Hook.
Sp. Fil. t. 44 A. D. Kunzii, Hort—South and West
Africa. '

18. D. Vogelii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 59 B.—Fernando Po.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

4, LEUCOSTEGIA, Presi.

Rhizome thick, short, surculose, sometimes hypogzeous.

Fronds deltoid, tripinnatifid, or
multifid, sometimes lanceolate
and bipinnatilid. Veins forked;
venules free, the anterior ones
often very short. Receptacles
terminal, superficial, or immersed
on the exterior venules. Sort
round. Indusiwm sub-reniform,
oblong, or nearly orbicular,
plane, interiorly attached by its
broad base, equal with or shorter
than the margin, thin, scariose.

Genns 4.—Fertile pinna.

* Rhizome epigeous squamose.

. L. hirsuta, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Microlepia hirsuta,

Moore. Davallia ciliata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 184, t.
60 A.—Luzon.

. Borneensis, J. Sm.; Nephrodium (Lastrea) Borneense,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 111; Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 993.—Borneo.
. parvula, J. Sm. Davallia parvula, Wall.; Hook et
Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 188.—Malayan Islands, Singapore.

. pulchra, J. Sm. Davallia pulchra, D. Don. Acro-
phorus pulchra, Moore Ind. Fil. (ewcl. syn. Davallia
cheerophylla).— Nepal.

. cheerophylia, J. Sm. Davallia chewrophylla, Wail. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, 157, ¢. 51 A. Acrophorus chxzro-
phyllus, Moore. Humata cherophylla, Mettin. Fi.
Hort. Lips. t. 27,f. 9, 10.— East Indies. T.

. affinis, J. Sm. Davallia affinis, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,158,
t. 52 B. Acrophorus affinis, Moore. Humata
affinis, Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 27, f. 5, 6—Ceylon,
Singapore, Philippine Islands.

** Rhizome hypogeous. Fronds deciduous.

. immersa, Presl.; J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 52 A.
Davallia immersa, Wall.; Hook. Fil. Euot. t. 79.
Acrophorus immersus, Moore. Humata immersa
Mettin.— East Indies. ;

78 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
¥** Sort naked.

Tree IIL—POLYPODIEA, J. Sm.

Sori round, oblong, or linear, destitute of a.special indusium,

5. POLYPODIUM, Linn. i part.

Rhizome generally short and thick, sometimes sub- hy pogwous,
Fronds pinnatifid, pinnate, or bi-tripinnatifid, rarely simple,
smooth, villose, or squamiferous, from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high.
Veins forked, very rarely simple; venules free. Receptacles
punctiform, superficial, terminal on the lower anterior venules.
Sori round or rarely oval, transversely uniserial or solitary on

LEK Jill
SeroeS : é

Genus 5.—Portion of mature frond. No. 7.
* Fronds pinnatifid.

1. P. pectinatum, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 83; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 10; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 21, — Tropical
America,

2. P. Paradisex, Lang. et Fisch. Ic, Fil. t.11; Lowe’s Ferns,
2,%1. BP. Otites, Hort. (non Taj —Brivil,

8. P. Schkuhrii, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 27. P. pectinatum,
Schk. Fil. t. 17 C (excel. syn.). P. plumula, Moore
and Houlst. (non Humb.). P. plumosum, Hort.—
Brazil.

4,.¥. Martensii, Mett, P. affine, Mart. et Gal. Fil. Mex. t.
8, f. 1 (not Blume)—Mexico.

5. P. vulgare, Linn.; Hook, Brit. Ferns, t. 2; Eng. Bot.
1149; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t.1, f.
A, B, C, D; Bolt, Fil. Brit. t.18; Sowerby, Ferns af
Gr. Brit. t.1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 79

Vor. Cambricum, Willd.; Bolt. Fil. Brit. t. 2, f.
5A; Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 3, f. A.
P. Cambricum, Linn.

.Var. semilacerum, Link.; Lindl. and Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, t. 2 A (bis). “P. vulgare, var. Hiber-
nicum, Sowerby, Ferns of Gr. Brit.-t. 10.

Var. acutum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns,
4128. ,

Var. serratum, Willd.; Lindl. and Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, t.2 B (bis).

Var. erenatum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 3 B.

Var. bifidum, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns,
L41RP

Var. eristatum, Linn. ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 26 B.

6. P. plebejum, Schlecht. ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 48; Lowe’s
New Ferns, t. 33. P. Kaxwinskianum, A. Braun;
J.Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857.—Tropical America. T.

** Fronds pinnate.

7. P. Henchmanii, J. Sm.; Moore and Houlst. in Mag. of
Bot. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 30. P. fraternum, J. Sm. Cat.
Cult. Ferns, 1857 (? Schlecht.).—Mexico.

8. P. subpetiolatum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 391, 392. P. biser-
ratum, Mart. et Gal. Fil. Mew. t. 9, f.1—Mexico.

9. P. sororium, H. B. K.—West Indies and Tropical America.

6 LEPICYSTIS, J. Sm.

Rhizome short and rigid, or slender and surculose. Fronds
pinnatifid, 6—18 inches high, densely covered with round or
elongated ciliated scales. Vetis pinnately forked, anastomosing,

Genus 6.—Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3.

Tex
RS

80 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

lower exterior venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal
on the free venules in the costal areoles. Sori round, transverse,
uniserial, protruding through the dense scales.

1. L. meana, J. Sm. Polypodium incanum, Sw. P.velatui,
* Schk. Fil. t. 11 B.—Tropical America and Southern
United States.

2. L. sepulta, J. Sm. Polypodium sepultum, Kaulf. ; Lowe’s
Ferns,1, t. 34.A. P.rufulum, Pres. P. hirsutissimun,
Rad. Fil. Bras. t.26. Acrostichum lepidopteris, Lang.
et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 2..—Tropical America.

3. L. squamata, J. Sm. Polypodium squamatum, Linn.
(Plum. Fil. t. 79); Lowe's New Ferns, t 34.—West
Indies.

4, L. rhagadiolepis, J. Sm. Goniophlebium rhagadiolepis,
Lrée, Mem. Polypod. t. 19, f. 3. Polypodium thysano-
lepis, A. Braun.—Tropical America. 'P.

7. GONIOPHLEBIUN, Presl.; J. Sm.

Rhizome thick and fleshy, or slender and sub-hypogeons,
Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple, uniform, 1—3 feet
high, smooth or slightly pubescent, segments and pinne adhe-
rent with the rachis. Veins once or more times forked, or equally
pinnate, the lower anterior venule always free, the rest angu-
larly anastomosing, and generally producing an excurrent free
veinlet from the junctions. Receptacles punctiform, superficial,
terininal on the anterior free venules and also often on thie

Genus 7.—Portion of mature frond. No. 12.

AN. ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. &1

excurrent veinlets. Sort round, or rarely oblong, solitary in the
areoles, or transverse, 1—6-serial, naked.
C * Fronds pinnatifid.
1. G. appendiculatum, Moore in Gard. Chron. (1856). Poly-
podium appendiculatum, Linden; J. Sm. Cat. Culi.
Ferns, 1857, p. 2; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 87. P.scriptum,
Hort. P. sculptum, Hort.—Venezuela and Mexico.
2. G. plectolepis, Moore. Polypodium (Goniophlebium) plec-
tolepis, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 30.—Dominica, Mexico.
3. G. loriceum, J. Sin. Polypodium loriceum, Linn. ; Plum.
Fil. t. 78. Polypodium gonatodes, Kunze. Gonio-
phlebium latipes, Moore and Houlst. P. latipes,
Lang. et Fisch, Ic. Fil. t. 10.—Tropical America.
4. G. Catharine, J. Sm. Polypodium Catharinz, Lang. et
Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 9.—Brazil.
5. G. glaucum, J. Sm. Polypodium glaucum, Radd. Fil. Bras.
t, 29, f. 1.—Brazil.
6. G. harpeodes, J. Sm. Polypodium harpeodes, Lint.—
Brazil. :
7. G. colpodes, J. Sm. Polypodium colpodes, Kunze; Lowe’s
Ferns, 2, t. 60.—Venezuela.
8. G. letum, J. Sm. Polypodium letum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t.
28.—Brazil.
9. G. vacillans, J. Sm. Polypodium vacillans, Link.—Brazil.

; ** Fronds pinnate.

10. G. fraxinifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium fraxinifolium,
Jacq. Ic. Rar. t.689. P. longifolium, Pres?—Tropical
America, —

11. G. distans, J. Sm. Polypodium distans, Radd. Fil. Bras.
4. 31. . P. polystichum, Link. P. deflexum, Lodd.—
Tropical America. :

lu. G. menisciifolium, J. Sn. Polypodium menisciifolium,

"Lang. et Fisch. Te. Fil. t.12. P. albopunctatum, Radd.
Fil. Bras. t. 80; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 36. Goniophile-
-bium albopunctatum, J. Sin—Brazil.

13. G. dissimile, J. Sm. . Polypodium dissimile, Linn., now
Schk.; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 35. Goniophlebium cgeces,
Fee. ae amaica.

G

82 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

it. G. ineequale, J. Sm. Phlebodium inzequale, Moore. Poly-
podium inequale, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 28. Polypodium
(Goniophlebium) Guatemalense, Hook.— Guatemala.

15. G. nertifolium, J. Sm. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 70 B. Poly-
podium neriifolium, Schk. Fil. t.15; Radd. Fil. Bras.
t. 31 bis—West Indies and Tropical America.

8, SCHELLOLEPIS, J. Sin.

Vernation contiguous or distant. Rhizome slender, sub-hypo-
geous. Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid, generally slender and
pendulous, 13-12 feet long, smooth or nearly so; pinnz and
segments articulated with the rachis. Veins once or moretimes

Genus 8. —Porticn of pmna of mature frond, under side. No. 3.

forked or pinnate; the lower exterior venules always free, the
rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, generally
immersed, on the apices of the lower free venules. Sori round,
solitary in the areoles, transverse uniserial, furnished with indu-
siform laciniate scales. :

1. 8. cuspidata, J. Sm. Polypodium cuspidatum, Bl., not Don.
Goniophlebium cuspidatum, Presl. P. grandidens,
Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leipsic. t. 23. P. colpo-
thrix, Kunze. Goniophlebium argutum, Cat. Hort.
Kew., not Polypodium argutum, Wall.—Java.

2. 8. subauriculata, J. Sm. Polypodium subauriculatum,
Bi. Fl. Fav. 6, t. 83. Goniophlebium subauriculatum,
Presl. P.Reinwardtii, Kunze. P. metamorphum, Kunze.
Goniophlebium Pleopeltis, Fée—Malayan Archipelago.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 838

3. 8. verrucosa, J. Sm. Polypodium verrucosum, Wall. ;
Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 41. Marginaria verrucosa,
Hook. Gen. Fil. t.14,10 B. Goniophlebium verru-
cosum, J. Sm. Caé. (1857),—Malacca.

9. PHLEBODIUM, R. Br.; J. 8m.

Rhizome thick and fleshy. Fronds large, 2-6 feet high,
pinnatifid or subpinnate, membranous, smooth or glaucous.
Veins pinnate; venules arcuately or angularly anastomosing,

Genus 9.—Portion of pinna of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

producing two or three excurrent veinlets terminating in the
areoles ; the costal areoles always vacant. Receptacles puncti-
form, on the combined apices of the excurrent veinlets. Sori
round, transversely 1—-6-serial, destitute of scales.

1. P. aureum, R.Br. Polypodium aureum, Linn. ; Plum. Fil.
t. 76; Schk, Fil. ¢. 12.—Tropical America.

2. P. sporodocarpum, J. Sm. Polypodium sporodocarpum,
Willd. Lowe's Ferns, 2,¢%.6. P. glaucum, Hort.—
Mexico.

3. P.areolatum, J. Sm. Polypodium areolatum, Willd.—
Venezuela.

a2

8t FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN. .

4, P. pulvinatum, J. Sm. Polypodium pulvinatum, Link ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 56.—Brazil.

5. P. dictyocallis, J. Sm. Chrysopteris dictyocallis, Fée.
Polypodium dictyocallis, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 36. Phle-
bodium multiseriale, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1855).—
Tropical America,

10. LOPHOLEPIS, J. Sm.

Rhizome slender, much elongated. Fronds simple, entire,
1-6 inches high, squamose or smvoth; the fertile contracted,
linear. Veins pinnately forked; the lower anterior venules free,

Genus 10.—Portion of rhizome and barren fronds. No.1.

the rest angularly anastomosing. Receptacles punctiform, ter-

minal on the free venules in the costal areoles. Sori round,

generally confluent, transversely uniserial,’ ‘furnished with

elongated scales, or destitute of scales.

1. L. piloselloides, J. Sm. Polypodium piloselloides, Linn.
(Plum. Fil. t. 118) ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 18; Lowe’s
Ferns, 1, t. 32. Goniophlebium piloselloides, J. Sm.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 85

(olim). Marginaria piloselloides, Pres. ; Hook. Gen.
Fil. ¢. 51.—West Indies and Tropical America,

2. L. ciliata, J. Sm. Polypodium ciliatum, Willd. ; Gonio-
phiebium ciliatum, J. Sm. (olim)—West Indies and
Tropical America.

3. L. vaccinifolia, J. Sm. Polypodium vaccinifolium, Lang.
et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 7; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 41. Ana-
peltis vaccinifolia, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).
Goniophlebium vaccinifolium, J. Sm. Cat. Kew Ferns,
(1846).—Brazil.

Galbida, J.Sm. Fronds smaller, a on the upper
surface.—Bahia.

—_——

11. ANAPELTIS, J. Sm.

Rhizome surculose, elongating. Fronds simple, 1-6 inches long,

the fertile usually contracted’ and linear, smooth, generally

opaque. Veins arcuately or angularly anastomosing. Recep-

ATS COT tir pias

ay nates ee

GL i up OE

aes Se RRAENG

SZ CON Tw) NG Oe
~ \ ll \\ We
WINS NA Sue

INS

%

Genus 11.—Portion of barren frond. No. 5.

tacles punctiform, produced on the confluent apices of two or -
more excurrent veinlets terminating in the medial areolcs, or
sometimes compital. Sori round or ovate, transversely uniserial,
naked.

1. A. serpens, J. Sm. Polypodium serpens, Sw.; Plum.
Fil. t. 121. Pleopeltis serpens, Presl Goniophle-
bium serpens, Moore—West Indies.

86 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. A. Owariensis, J. Sm. Polypodium Owariense, Desv. ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 62. Goniophlebium Owariense,
Lodd.—Sierra Leone.

8. A. lycopodioides, J. Sm. Polypodium lycopodioides,
Linn.; Plum. Fil. t.119. Pleopeltis lycopodioides,
Presl.—West Indies.

4, A. nitida, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846). Pleopeltis
nitida, Moore.—Honduras.

5. A, stigmatica, J. Sm. Polypodium stigmaticum, Presl.’
Rel. Henk. t. 3, f. 2. Pleopeltis stigmatica, Prest.
Phlebodium venosum, Moore et Houlst. Anapeltis
venosa, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Poly-
podium venosum, Lowe’s Ferns, 1, ¢. 35. — Tropical
America.

6, A. squamulosa, J. Sm. Polypodium squamulosum, Kawly. ;
Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 50; 2, t 29 B. Pleopeltis
squamulosa, Presl. Polypodium myrtifolium, Lodd.
—Brazil.

7. A. geminata, J. Sm. Polypodium geminatum, Schrad.;
Metten. Polypodium iteophyllum, Link.—Brazil.

12, PLEOPELTIS, Humb.; J. Sm.

Rhizome surculose, elongating.
Fronds simple, sinuose, or pinnatifid,
4-12 inches high, opaque, squami-
ferous. Veins arcuately anastomos-
ing. Sporangia produced on the con-
fluent apices of two or more excurrent
veinlets, terminating in the medial
areoles. Sori punctiform, oblong, or
(by confluence) linear, transversely
uniserial, furnished with indusiform

Genus 12.—Portion of mature peltate scales.
frond, under side. No.1.

1, P. percussa, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 67. Polypodium per-
cussum, Cav.; Lang. et Fisch.Ic. Fil. t. 6. Poly-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 87

podium cuspidatum, Presi. Relig. Henk. t. 1, fi 3.
Polypodium avenium, Desv.—Tropical America.

2. P. lanceolata, Presi. Polypodium lanceolatum, Linn. ;
Plum. Fil. t. 187. Polypodium macrocarpum, Willd.
Pleopeltis macrocarpa, Kaulf. Pleopeltis lepidota,
Presi. Pleopeltis Helens, Presl—Tropical Americu,
St. Helena, South Africa, and Bourbon,

3. P. elongata, J. Sm. Grammitis elongata, Sw. Synammia
elongata, Presi. Grammitis lanceolata, Schk. Fil. t. 7.
—Tropical America. .

4, P. nuda, Hook. Huot. Fl. t. 63 (non Hook. Gen. Fil.). Phy-
matodes (Lepisorus) nuda, J. Sin. Cat. Cult. Ferns
(1857). Polypodium loriforme, Wall. Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 18. Pleopeltis loriformis, Presi.; Drynaria
Fortunei, T. Moore (non Link). Polypodium leio-
pteris, Kunze; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leip. t. 25, f. 37.—
East Indies.

5. P, excavata, J. Sm. Polypodium excavatum, Bory in
Willd. Phymatodes (Lepisorus) excavata, J. Sin.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium scolopendrinum,
D. Down. Polypodium sesquipedalis, Wall. Poly-
podium phlebodes, Kunze; Pleopeltis nuda, Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 18 (non Hook, Huot, Fl.).—Hast Indies,
Mauritius, and China.

13. PARAGRAMMA, Moore.
basi

ANG

Rhizome short, ceespitose or slender
elongated. fronds simple, linear-
lanceolate, obtuse, 4 to 1} foot in
length, smooth, coriaceous. Veins
eompound anastomosing, internal, ob-
scure, nearly uniform. Jeceptacles
compital, deeply immersed, forming
oblong or short linear cysts near to,
and parallel with, the margin. Sort
oblong-lincar, marginal, furnished Genus 13.—Portion of matrre
with indusioid stipitate squamae. fond, under side. No. 1.

83 FERNS: BRITISH AND FORUIGN.

1, P.longifolia, Moore, Ind. Fil. Grammatis (Paragramma)
longifolia ef decurrens, Blume. Drynaria revoluta,
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Phymatodes longifolia, J. Sm.
Cat. Cult, Ferns (1857). Polypodium contiguum,
Wall.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 987; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 20.
Malacca, Moulmein, Java, and Luzon, :

14, NIPHOPSIS, J. Sim.

Rhizome slender; surculose.
Fronds simple, linear-lan-
ceolate, coriaceous, opaque,
densely covered with stellate
pubescence, 6 inches to 1 foot
in length. Veins internal,
obscure, compound anasto-
mosing ; primary veins indis-

» tinct. Receptacles compital,
Sori oval, large, transverse
uniserial.

1. N. angustatus, J. Sm. . Lowe’s New Ferns, t.88 A. Poly-
: podium angustatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil.t.8 ¢. Pleo-
WN peltis angustata, Pres]. Niphobolus angustatus,
AC Spreng. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 20. Niphobolus
spheerocephalus,. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 94.
Poly podium spheerocephalum, Wall. Phymatodes
spherocephalus, Pres]. Niphobolus macrocarpus,
Hook. et'Arn—Malayan Archipelago.

Genus 14.—Portion of tarcen frond. - No. t.

15, DICTYMIA, J. Sm.

Rhizomes short. Fronds simple, linear or
lanceolate,. coriaceous, .smooth, 6-12 inches
long. Veins reticilated, uniform, obscure.
Receptacles punctiform, compital. Sori oval,

transverse uniserial. i

eicies paces rial, destitute of scales.

of fertile frond.
“No.l.

s

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 89

1. D. attenuata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846). Poly-
podium attenuatum, R. Br.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.30
(not Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 409). Dictyopteris attenuata,
Presl. (not Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 71). — New South Wales
and Victoria,

16. DRYMOGLOSSUM, Presl. ; J. Sm.

Rhizome slender, surculose. Fronds simple, entire, 1-4
inches long, of two forms, the sterile subrotund-elliptical, the

Genus 13.—Barren and fertile frond, slightly enlarged. No.2.

fertile contracted, lmear. Veins obscure; venules compoundly
anastomosing. Recéptacles elongated, “compital. Sori linear,
continuous, ‘transverse, intra-marginal, furnished with stellate
indusioid scales.

i. D. piloselloides, Presl.. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.46. Pteris
piloselloides, Linn. Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 2, f.3; Schke.
Fil. ¢, 87.—Hast Indies.

90 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1”. NEVRODIUM, Fee.

Rhizome short, ceespitose. Fronds simple, entire, 6-12
inches long, lanceolate, thick and fleshy, the fertile portion
somewhat contracted. Veins obscure; venules compoundly
anastomosing. Receptacles elongated, compital. Sort linear,

Genus 17.—Portions of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

continuous, transverse marginal, on the upper portion of the
fronds destitute of scales. :

1. N.lanceolatum, Fée, Gen. Fil. t. 8 ¢. Lowe’s Ferns, 2,
t.64 4. Pteris lanceolata, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 122),
Teenitis lanceolata, R. Br. Drymoglossum lanceola-
tum, J. Sm. (olim). Pteropsis lanceolata, Desv. ;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 45.—West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 91

18: DICRANOGLOSSUM, J. Sin.

Rhizome short, cespitose. Fronds
contiguous, furcately-pinnatifid, 6-12
inches high, coriaceous, sparsely squa-
miferous, segments lanceolate-cuspidate,
the fertile slightly contracted. Veins
obscure, simple, or forked, free, or their
apices arcuately anastomosing, forming
linear transverse superficial receptacles,
which, by contiguity, constitute a con-
tinuous or interrupted, linear, intra-
marginal, naked sorrs.

1. D. furcatum, J. Sin.; Bot. Voy.
Herald. Pteris furcata,

Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 114.

Tenitis furcata, Willd.;

Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 7.
Pteropsis furcata, Presi. ;

J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841. Cus-
pidaria furcata, Fée, Gen.
Fil. t=. 8 A, fi. 2— West
Indies and Tropical America.

Genus 18.—Portion of fertilz
frond, under side. No.1.

19. HYMENOLEPIS, Kauif.
Rhizomes short, ceespitose. Fronds simple, 6-12 inches long,

Genus 19.—Portion of fe. tile frond, natural size ; ditto fert le and sterile, enlarged.

No.1

92 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN:

linear-lanceolate,. coriaceous, smooth, the upper portion con-
tracted and fertile, plicate and indusiform, forming a linear
spike. Veins obscure; venules compoundly anastomosing.
Receptacles elongated, compital. Sori linear, continuous, trans-
verse, on the upper portion of the fronds confluent, furnished
with numerous suborbicular hyaline scales.

1. H. spicata, Pres! ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.78; Lowe's Ferns, -
2, t. 64 B. Acrostichum spicatum, Linn.; Sm. Ic.
ined. t. 49. Lomaria spicata, Willd. Gymnopteris ©
spicata, Preésl.; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Hymenolepis ophio-
glossoides, Kaulf. ; Kunze, Fil. t.47, f. 1. Hymeno-
lepis revoluta, Bl. ; Kunze, Fil. t. 47, f. 2.—Malayan
Archipelago. ;

2. H. brachystachys, J. Sm. H. spicata, var. brachysta-
chys, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 3. Tznitis ophioglos-
soides, Hort. Lips—Malayan Archipelago.

20. LEPTOCHILUS, Kaulf:

Vernation uniserial, contiguous or distant. Rhizomes short
and cespitose, or long, slender, and surculose. Fronds 6-18
inches long, of two forms: the sterile simple, lobed, or pinnatifid,
smooth; the fertile. contracted, linear-rachiform, its margin

Genus 20.— Portion of fertile and sterile frond, natural size ; ditto fertile, enlarged,
No. 1.

revolute and indusiform. Veins of sterile frond evident, straight
or flexuose, pinnate; venules compoundly anastomosing. Recep-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 93

tacles elongated compital. Sorus linear, continuous, uniserial, on
each side of the costa, ultimately confluent, destitute of scales.

1. L. decurrens, Bl. ; Fée, Mem. Acrost. t. 48, f.1. Anapau-
sia decurrens, Presl. Gymnopteris decurrens, J. Sm.
(olim); Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 6.—Ceylon and Ma-
layan Archipelago. ;

2. L. axillaris, Kaulf. Hn. Fil. t.1,-f- 10. Acrostichum
axillare, Cav. Gymnopteris axillaris, Presl.—Hast
Indies.

21. PHYMATODES, Presl.; J. Sm.

Rhizome generally thick, short or much elongated, becoming
smooth. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, smooth, coria-
ceous or membranous, segments adherent with the rachis.

Genus 21.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No.2.

Veins compound anastomosing, internal, obscure or evident;
primary veins generally undefined or evanescent. Receptacles
compital, generally deeply immersed. Sori round or oval,
large, transversely uniserial or irregular, naked.

*' Fronds simple or pinnatifid.

1. P. pustulata, Presi. Polypodium ‘pustulatum, Forst.
Schk. Fil. t.10; Lowe's’ .Ferns, 2, f. 8. Pleopeltis
pustulata, Moore-—New Zealand. :

2. P. Billardieri, Presl.. Polypodium Billardieri, R. Br.

Pleopeltis Billardicri, Moore. Polypodium scandens,
Ladbill, Nov. Holl. t. 240. Polypodium diversifolium,

94 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Willd. Polypodium lepidopodum, Link.—Tasmania
and New Zealand.”

3. P. terminalis, J. Sm. Chrysopteris terminalis, Link.—
East Indies.

4. P. peltidea, J. Sm. Chrysopteris peltidea, Link. Poly-
podium peltideum, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t.42. Poly-
podium phymatodes, Schk. Fil. t. 17—Hast Indies.

5. P. nigrescens, J. Sm. Polypodium nigrescens, Blume,
Fil. Jav. t.70; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 22. Phymatodes
saccata, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857), p. 9.—Malayan
and Pacific Islands.

6. P. vulgaris, Presl. Polypodium phymatodes, Linn.; Jacq.
Ic. t. 637; Schk. Fil. t. 9. Pleopeltis phymatodes,
Moore (in part)—Ceylon, South and ‘West Africa,
and Mauritius.

7. P. longipes, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846). Chry-
sopteris longipes, Link. Polypodium phymatodes,
Schk. Fil. t. 8 d—Malayan Archipelago.

8. P. glauca, J. Sm. Drynaria (Phymatodes) glauca, J. 9m.
En, Fil. Phil. Pleopeltis glauca, Moore.——Luzon.

9. P. incurvata, J. Sm. Polypodium incurvatum, Blume,
Fil. Jav. t. 65. Pleopeltis incurvata, Moore—WJava.

10. P. longissima, J. Sm. Polypodium longissimum, Bl. Fil.
Jav. 6, t.68. Pleopeltis longissima, Moore. Drynaria
melanococca, Moore and Houlst. Polypodium me-
lanoneuron, Mig. Drynaria rubida, J. Sm. Bn. Fil.
Phil—Malayan Archipelago.

** Fronds pinnate.

11. P. leiorhiza, Presl. Polypodium leiorhizon, Wall.; Hook.
Fil. Heot. t. 25. Pleopeltis leiorhiza, Moore. Phy-
matodes cuspidata, J. Sm. Cat. Oult. Ferns (1857),
p. 10 (excl. syn. Don.).— East Indies.

12. P. albo-squamata, J. Sm. Polypodium albo-squama-
tum, Blume, Fil. Jav. t.57; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 47.
Pleopeltis albo-squamata, Presl!—Java and Borneo.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 95

22, PLEURIDIUM, Fee; J. Sm.

Ehizome short or elongating. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or
pinnate, coriaceous, firm, marginate; segments articulated with

Genus 22.—Portion of fertile frond, natural size. No. 1.

the rachis. Veins compound anastomosing; primary veins
evident, elevated, costeform, straight. Receptacles compital.
Sori round or oval, or by confluence oblong, transversely uni-
serial or obliquely 1~2-serial.

* Fronds simple.
t+ Sort obliquely wniserial.
1. P. crassifolium, Fée. Polypodium crassifoliam, Linn. ;
Plum. Fil. t. 128. Anaxetum crassifolium, Schott.

Gen. Fil. t. 1. Polypodium coriaceum, Radd. Fil.
Bras. t. 25.—Tropical America. .

2, P. albo-punctatissimum, J. Sm. Polypodium albo-
punctatissimum, Linden’s Cat. (1860).—Tropical
America.

8. P. crassinervium, J. Sm. Polypodium crassinervium,
Blume, Fl. Jav. t. 61—Java.
+f Sori obliquely biserial.
4, P, rupestre, Fée. Polypodium rupestre, Blume, Fl. Jav.
4 55, f. 2; 4. 60, f. 1-3.—Java and Luzon.

5. P. triquetrum, J. Sm. Polypodium triquetrum, Blume,
Fl, Jav. t. 69.—Java.

96 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

** Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate.
+ Sori transversely wniserial.
6. P. palmatum, J. Sm. Polypodium palmatum, Bl. Fl.
Jav. t. 64.—Java.

7. P. oxyloba, Presl. Polypodium oxylobum, Wall. Poly-
podium (Phymatodes) oxylobum, Hook. Sp. Fil.—
East Indies. °

8. P. angustatum, J. Sm. Polypodium angustatum, Blume,
Fl. Jav. t. 62. Polypodium Lindleyanum, Wall.—
Penang, Java.

9. P. juglandifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium juglandifolium,
D: Don. non Humb. Polypodium capitellatum, Tail.
Polypodium Wallichianum, Spr.—Hast Indies. T.

tt Sori oblique, biserial.

10. P. venustum, J. Sm. Polypodium venustum, Wall—
East Indies. T.

23, SELLIGUEA, Bory.

Rhizome slender, elongating epigeous and squamose, or sub-

Ge:.us 23.—Porticn of fertile frond, natural size No. 2.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 97

hypogeous and naked. Fronds stipate, 1-2 feet long, simple,
linear lanceolate or broad elliptical, rarely pinnatifid, smooth,
opaque, the fertile larger than the sterile, and often sub-con-
tracted. Primary veins costeform, straight; venules com-
pound, anastomosing with free veinlets terminating in the
areoles. Receptacles compital, elongated, oblique, forming a
continuous or sub-interrupted linear sorus between the primary
veins.

* Fronds simple.

1. S. caudiforme, J. Sm. Polypodium cartdiforme, Blume,
Fil. Jaw. t. 54, f. 2. Grammitis (Selliguea) caudi-
formis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5328. Gymnogramma
(Selliguea) caudiformis, Hook. Sp. Fil.—Java.

** Fronds pinnatifid.

2. S. pothifolia, J. Sm. in In. Fil. Phil. Hemionitis po-
thifolia, Don. Grammitis decurrens, Wall.; Hook.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 6. Gymnogramma (Selliguea)
decurrens, Hook. Sp. Fil—India, Japan, Philippine
and Fiji Islands.

24. COLYSIS, Presl. ; Fée.

Rhizome short, sub-hypogeous. Fronds simple lobed or

Genus 24.—Portion of mature frord, und r side. No. 1.
H

98 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pinnatifid, generally membranous, flaccid, 1-3 feet long. Veins
compound anastomosing ; primary veins costeform, elevated or
internal, generally flexuose, sometimes obsolete. Receptacles
compital, superficial. Sori round, or by confluence oblong or
linear, irregular or obliquely 1—2-serial.

1. GC. membranacea, J. Sm. Polypodium membranaceum,
Don. FPolypodium hemionitideum, Wall.; Lowe's
Ferns, 2, t. 7. Colysis hemionitidea, Presl.; Fée.
Hemionitis plantaginea, Don. Polypodium gran-
difolium, Wall.—Hast. Indies.

2 C. Spectra, J. Sm. Polypodium spectrum, Kaulf. Poly-
podium Thouinianum, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. t. 5,
f. 1—Sandwich Islands.

25. MICROSORUM, Link ; Fee.

Rhizome short, subhypogeous. Jronds simple, entire or
irregularly sinuose, coriaceous, smooth, 1-3 feet long Veins

Genus 25.—Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 1.

compound anastomosing, internal; primary veins obscure.
Receptacles. compital, superficial. Sori round, small, numerous,
irregular, sometimes subconfluent,

1. M, irioides, Fée. Polypodium irioides, Poir.; Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t.125. Hook: Fil. Exot. t.4. Poly-
podium polycephalum, Wall. Microsorum irregulare,
Link ; Fée. Microsorum sessile, Fée—f apex of
fronds crested—East Indies, Malayan Archipelago,
Australia, and Trinidad.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 99
26. NIPHOBOLUS, Kaulf.; J. Sm.

Rhizome short or elongated and sureulose. Fronds simple,
linear-lanceolate, oblong-elliptical, or obovate-subrotund, rarely
lobed, from less than an inch to three or four feet long, thick
and fleshy or coriaceous, covered with sessile or stipulate stellate
pubescence; the fertile usually more or less contracted and

Genus 26.—Po.tion of rhizome, with a bar-en frond. No. 37

longer than the sterile. Veins obscure, undefined, or evident

and costeform; venules compound anastomosing. Receptacles

punctiform, immersed, terminal or medial on simple or brachi-

ate free veinlets, or compital. Sori round or oval, sub-trans-

verse multiserial between the primary veins, or irregular and -

confluent, protruding through : dense stellate pubescence,
HQ:

100 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Rhizomes elongated, swreulose. Fronds distant. Primary
veins undefined.

1. N. rupestris, Spr. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 983; Lowe’s
Ferns, 1, t. 20. Polypodium rupestre, R. Br. Cras-
pedaria rupestris, Link.—Australia. Tr.

2. N. bicolor, Kaulf.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 44—New
Zealand. Tr.

3. N.adnascens, Kaulf.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.19. Poly-
podium adnascens, Sw. Syn. Fil. ¢. 2, f. 2. Nipho-
bolus pertusus, Spr.; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, ¢. 21. Poly-
podium pertusum, Rowb.; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 162—
East Indies.

4, N. Lingua, Spr.; Kunze in Schk. Fil. Supp. t. 63. Lowe's
Ferns, 1, t. 22. Acrostichum Lingua, Thunb. Fil.
Jap. t. 33; Schk. Fil. t. 1. Polypodium Lingua, Sw. ;
Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 5. Cyclophorus Lingua,
Desv. Polycampium Lingua, Presl. Niphobolus
Sinensis, Hort.—East Indies and China.

** Rhizomes short, ceespitose. Fronds contiguous. Primary
veins generally evident.

5. NW, Gardneri, Kunze ; Hook. Fu. Exot. t. 68; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 38 B, Polypodium Gardneri, Metten. Gen.
Polypodium, p. 129. Niphobolus acrostichoides, Cat.
Fil. Hort, Kew., non Polypodium (Niphobolus) acro-
stichoides, Foi'st—Ceylon.

6. N. costatus, Presi. Polypodium costatum, Wall_—Hast
Indies.

‘

27. CAMPYLONEURUM, Presi.

Rivzome short and cespitose or elongated, often subhypo-
gecus. Fronds simple or very rarely pinnate, coriaceous, rigid,
smooth, 1-2 feet high, Veins costeeform or undefined, elevated

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 101

or internal and obscure; venules arcuately or angularly ana-
stomosing, producing two or more excurrent free veinlets, Re-

Genus 27.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 5.

ceptacles punctiform, terminal or medial on the free veinlets.
Sort round, obliquely biserial or irregular, destitute of scales.

* Fronds simple.

1. C. ensifolium, J. Sm. Polypodium ensifolium, Willd.
Marginaria ensifolia, Presl. Campyloneurum angus-
tifolium, 3 teeniosum, Moore.—Tropical America.

2. C. angustifolium, Fée. Polypodium angustifolium, Sw. ;
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 24, f. 2. Marginaria angustifolia,
Presl. Polypodium dimorphum, Link. Polypodium
leucorhizon, Kit. Polypodium amphostemum, Kunze.
—Tropical America.

3. C. fasciale, Presl. Polypodium fasciale, Humb. P. lapa-
thifolium, Radd. Fil. Bras. ¢. 24, f. 3.—Brazil and
Venezuela.

4, C. rigidum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857), p.13. C. luci-
dum, Moore. Polypodium nitidum, Hook. Fil. Huot.
t. 12 (excl. syn.).—Tropical America.

5. C. repens, Presl.; Hook. Gen. Fil. ¢.71 A. Polypodium
repens, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t. 1384. ©. ceespitosum,
Link ; J. Sm. Cat. (1857). Polypodium ¢zespitosum,
Link ; Metten, Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 24, f. 4, 5.—Tropical
America.

102 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

6. C. hyllitidis, Presl. Polypodium Phyllitidis, Linn. ;
(Plum. Fil. t. 180).—Tropical America.

7. C. nitidum, Presi. Polypodium nitidum, Kaulf. Cam-
pyloneurum latum, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 225.—Tropical
America.

8. C. brevifolium, Link. Polypodium brevifolium, Link ;
Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips.—Tropical America.

** Fronds pinnate.

9. C. decurrens, Pres? Polypodium -decurrens, Radd. Fil.
Bras. t. 38. Polypodium polyanthos, Hort, Brua.—
Brazil.

28. DRYNARIA, Bory; J. Sm.

Rhizome short, thick, and fleshy. Fronds rigid; the sterile
(when present) sessile, broad cordate, sinuose or laciniated; the
fertile stipitate or sessile, pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple,
the segments articulated with the rachis; when sessile, the base
is similar to the special sterile frond. Veins external, elevated,

Genus 28.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No. G

compound anastomosing, forming quadrate or hexagonalareoles;
primary veins costeform or obsolete. Receptacles compital.
Sori round, small, numerous, and irregular, or transversely or
obliquely serial, sometimes confluent, forming a linear sorus
between the costasform veins,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 103

* Sori transversely uniserial.
+ Fronds pinnatifid.

1. D. propinqua, J. Sm. Polypodium propinquum, Wall.
Phymatodes propinqua, Presl. Polypodium Will-
denowii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 35; non Bory.—EHast
Indies,

++ Fronds pinnate,

2. D. diversifolia, J. Sm. Polypodium diversifolium, R. Br.;
Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.5. Polypodium Gaudichaudi,
Bory; Bl. Fil. Jav. t.57. Drynaria pinnata, Fée.
Polypodium glaucistipes, Wall. Drynaria Hilli,
Hort.—Kast Indies, Malayan Archipelago, and Aus-
tralia.

** Sord oblique, uniserial.
+ Fronds pinnatifid.

3. D. coronans, J. Sm.; Fée. Polypodium coronans, Wail. ;
Hook, Fil. Exot. t. 91. Phymatodes ccronans,
Presl.—East Indies and Malacca.

#** Sort oblique, bisertal.

4, D. quercifolia, Bory; Fée. Polypodium quercifolium,
Linn.; Schk, Fil. t. 18. Phymatodes quercifoiia,
Presl—East Indies, Mauritius, Malayan Archipelago,
and Australia,

**** Sori numerous, irregular.
+ Fronds ‘simple.
5. D. museefolia, J. Sm. Polypodium museefolium, Bl. Fil.

Jaw. t. 79. Polypodium microsorum, Metien. Cot.
Hort. Herrenh—Malayan Archipelago.

tt Fronds pinnatifid.
6. D. Heraclea, J. Sm. Polypodium (§ Drynaria) Heracleum,
Kunze; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.1. Drynaria mor-

billosa, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. — Malayan
Archipelago.

104 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Division IF. Desmobrya.

Fronds in vernation terminal, uniserial or fasciculate, their
bases adherent and continuous with the stem, which is either
a caudex or sarmentum,

Trisz LV.—-ACROSTICHE.

Sori undefined (amorphous), naked. Fertile fronds or seg-
ments always more or less contracted; the under side {or rarely
both sides} densely sporangiferous. Acrostichum, Linn.

$1. Elaphoglossee. Fronds always simple. Veins free or
rarely combined at the margin or reticulated.
* Veins free.
29. ELAPHOGLOSSUM, Schott.; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or subfasciculate and
decumbent, squamose. Stipes often pseudo-articulate, node

UAT UI 7
Eee SM

Genus 29.—Portion of barren frond, Genus 29.—Portion of fertie
under side. No. 3. frond, under side. No 3.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FELNS. 105

elevated. Fronds simple. entire, from 2 inches to 23 feet high,
smooth or squamose. Veins simple or forked, parallel, direct,
their apices free and clavate. Fertile fronds plain, the under
side sporangiferous.

* Fronds smooth or nearly so.
+ Vernation sarmentose. Fronds distant.

1. BE. stigmatolepis, J. Sm. Acrostichum stigmatolepis,
Fée, Acrost. t. 24, f. 2.—Ceylon. '

2. EB. Funckii, J. Sm. Acrostichum Funckii, Fée, Acrost. t. 6,
f.1. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum) Funckii, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 5, p. 205.—Venezuela and Trinidad.

tt Vernation fasciculate, decwmbent.

3. FB. conforme, Schott. Acrostichum conforme, Sw. Syn.
Fil. t.1, f. 1—South Africa and Java.

4, EB. calleefolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum callefolium, Bl. Fil.
Ja. t. 4.—Java.

5, E. Sieberi, J. Sm. Acrostichum Sieberi, Hook. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t, 237.—Mauritius.

6. E. crassinerve, J. Sm. Acrostichum crassinerve, Kunze—
Brazil. :

7. EB. latifolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum latifolium, Sw.; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 42.—Trepical America.

8. EB. Herminieri, J. Sm. Acrostichum Herminieri, Bory, in
Fée, Acrost. t. 11. <Acrostichum (Hlaphoglossum)
Herminieri, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 216. — Tropical
America and Trinidad.

9, B. microlepis, J. Sm. Acrostichum microlepis, Kunze.—
Venezuela.
#* Fronds more or less densely squamiferous.

10, E. piloselloides, J. Sm. Acrostichum piloselloides, Presl.
Relig. Haenk. t. 2, f. 1; Hook, Fil. Huot, t, 29.—
Tropical America.

166 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

il. BE. rubiginosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum rubiginosum,
Fée, Acrost. t. 5, f.1, et t=. 18, f. 1. E. brachyneuron,
J. Sm. Acrostichum brachyneuron, Fee, Acrost. t.
22,f.1. A. Schiedei, Kunze. A. frigida, Linden.—
Tropical America.

12, E. cuspidatum, J. Sm. Acrostichum cuspidatum, Willd;
Fée, Acrost. t. 14, f. 2.—West Indies and Tropical
America.

13. HE. Blumeanum, J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Acrostichum
Blumeanum, Fée. A. viscosum, Bl. (not Sw.)—Malay
and Philippine Islands.

14. BE. muscosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum muscosum, Sw.—
‘West Indies and Tropical America.

15. E. squamosum, J. Sm. Acrostichum squamosum, Sw.
A. hirtum, Sw. A. paleaceum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t, 235.—Madeira, West Indies and Tropical America.

16. A. vestitum, R. T. Lowe in Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 235

(A. paleaceum on plate).— Madeira and West
Indies.

*k* Fronds fringed or squamiferous at the margin only.

17. E. apodum, Schott. Acrostichum apodum, Hook. et Grev,
Ie. Fil. t. 99.— West Indies.

18. E. undulatum, J. Sm. Acrostichum undulatum, Willd.
(Plum. Fil. t. 126)—Dominica.

19. H. scolopendrifolium, J. Sm. Acrostichum scolopen-
drifolium, Radd. Fil. Bras. t.16.— Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 107

** Veins combined at the margin.

30. ACONIOPTERIS, Presl.

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum
short, thick, squamose. Fonds
contiguous, elliptical, lanceolate,
6-12 inches long, smooth or squa-
miferous. Veins simple or forked,
parallel, their apices combined near
the margin by a straight or zig-zag
vein. Fertile frond linear, plane,
wholly sporangiferous on the under
side.

Genus 30.—Portionof mature
frond, under side. No. 2.

1. A. nervosa, J. Sm. Acrostichum nervosum, Bory.
Aconiopteris subdiaphana, Presl. Pterid.; Hook. et
Bauer, Gen. Fil. t.79 B. Acrostichum subdiaphanum,

Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. #.
Bourbon.

205.—St. Helena and

2. A. longifolia, Fée, Acrost. t.41. Acrostichum longifolium,

Jacq. (Plum. Fil. ¢. 135).

Elaphoglossum _longi-

folium, J. Sm. Cat. Oult. Ferns, 1857. Olfersia

longifolia, Pres!—Dominica.

*** Veins reticulated, uniform.
31. HYMENODIUM, Fée.
Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely crinite. Fronds

Gcnve 81.—Porticn of frond, under side. No. 1.

108 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

simple, entire, squamiferous. 6-8 incheslong. Veins uniform,
reticulated; areoles large, elongated, trapezoid or hexagonoid.
Fertile fronds broad, densely sporangiferous on the under side.

1.H. crinitum, Fée. Acrostichum crinitum, Sw. Plum.
Fil. t.125; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.1; Hook. Fil,
Exot. t. 6. Dictyoglossum crinitum, J. Sin. Cat.
Kew Ferns, 1846.— West Indies.

32. ANETIUM, Kunze.

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum slender, furnished with thin
membranous reticulated shining lanceolate scales. Fronds
distant, ‘simple, oblong-elliptical, acuminate, 6-20 or more
inches long, smooth, membraneous. Veins uniform, reticulated,

Genus 32.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No.1.

forming trapezoid or hexagonal transverse elongated areoles.
Receptacles undefined, the sporangia being thinly scattered or
collected in small irregular groups over the whole under surface
of the frond, or evident on the veins.

1. A. citrifolium, Splitg. Acrostichium citrifolium, Linn.
Plum. Fil. t. 116. Antrophyum citrifolium, Fée,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 109

Hemionitis citrifolia, Hook. Sp. Fil.—West Indies
and ‘Tropical America,

—_—_—

2. Polybotrye. Vernation generally uniserial, distant or
contiguous. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnate, rarely flabellate,
segments adherent or articulate with the rachis. Veins free or
conubined at the margin, or anastomosing in various ways.

* Veins free.
+ Segments adherent.
33. RHIPIDOPTERIS, Schott.

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum slender, filiform. Fronds
distant, 3-6 inches long, the sterile flabelliform, entire, bi-tri-

Genus 33.—Fertile and barren fronds. No.1.

lobed or dichotomously multifid. Veins flabellately forked, free.
Furtile frond subrotund, entire or bilobed, sporangiferous on the
under side. 7

110 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. R. peltata, Schott. Acrostichum peltatum, Schk. Fil. t. 12
(Plum. Fil. t. 50, f. A). Acrostichum foeniculaceum,
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 119.—West Indies and
Tropical America. .

*

34. MICROSTAPHYLA, Presl.

Vernation decumbent, subfasciculate; sarmentum short,
squamose. Fronds numerous, contiguous, 3-8 inches high, the
sterile linear-lanceolate, sub-entire, unequally crenate or laci-
niately pinnatifid, glandulose, segments and lacinizw cuneiform,

Genus 34.—Portion of fertile and barren fronds, natural size. No.1.

entire or bi-trilobed. Veins simple or forked. Fertile fronds
contracted, shorter and less divided than the sterile, sporan-
giferous on the under side.

1. M. bifurcata, Presl. Epim, Acrostichum bifurcatum, Sw.;
Hook. 2nd Cent. of Ferns, t.91; Schk. Fil. t. 2—St.
Helena.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. lil

35. EGENOLFIA, Schott. Fée.

; Vernation decumbent, uniserial, subhypogeous. Fronds con-
tiguous, stipate, pinnate, 1-3 feet high, generally viviparous,
sterile pinne linear-lanceolate, sub-entire or dentate, laciniated

a
Genus 35.—Fertile and barren fronds. Nos l.

or pinnatifid, sinus mucronate. Veins forked or pinnate;
venules free. Fertile segments more or less contracted ; venules
evident, contiguous, furening a concrete amorphous receptacle,
sometimes forming moniliform spikes.

1. E. appendiculata, J. Sm. Acrostichum appendiculatum,
Willd. ; Hook, Hxot. Fl. t.108. Acrostichum vivi-
parium, Sw. Polybotrya viviparia, Hook. Ewot. Fl.
#107. Acrostichum setosum, Wall. Acrostichum
Hamiltoniana, Wall. Egenolfia Hamiltoniana, Schott.
Gen, Fil, 34.— East Indies and Ceylon.

112 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

86. PSOMIOCARPA, Presl. in part.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipate, deltoid, sub-
bipinnate, the sterile 6-8 inches high, pilose, with articulated
hairs; pinnae 3-4 inches long; pinnules sessile, decurrent,

-Genus 36.—Portion of fertile and barren fronds. No.1.

oblong elliptical, 3-2 inch long, unequally dentate or sub-
laciniated. Veins forked; venules free. Fertile frond 14-18
inches high, long, stipate, slender, wholly contracted, forming a
sporangiferous panicle.

P. apiifolia, Presl. Epim. Bot. Polybotrya apiifolia, J. Sm.
En. Fil. Philipp. ; Kunze, in Schk. Fil. t. 62; Gard.
and Field Sert. t. 30,31; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, 248.—

Luzon.

37. POLYBOTRYA, Humb. et Bonpl.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds
bi-tripinnate, 2-3 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free.
Fertile segments convolute, pinnatifid or spiceeform, wholly
sporangiferous.

1. P. osmundacea, Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. 1, t. 2; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 78 B. P. cylindrica, Kaulf. ; Fée, Acrost.
t. 36. Polybotrya speciosa, Schott. Gen. Fil. t. 7.—
Tropical America,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 113

2. P. acuminata, Link; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lip. t. 2, f. 1-6.—
Brazil,

Genus 37.—Purtion of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1.
3. P.incisa, Link; Fée, Acrost. t. 35.—Brazil.

4. P. caudata, Kunze ; Fée, Acrost. t. 34.—West Indies and
Tropical America.

++ Segments articulated with the rachis.
38. LOMARIOPSIS, Fée.

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum scandent, squamose. Fronds
pinnate, 1-3 feet high; pinne linear-elliptical, broad, lanceo-

_late, acuminate, 2-10 inches long, articulate with the rachis,

I

114 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Veins uniform, simple or forked, direct, parallel, free. Fertiie

Genus 38.— Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size, and portion
of fertile, enlarged. No.2.

pinne plane, often broad, sporangiferous on the under side;
margin membranous, narrow, subindusiform.

1. L. sorbifolia, Fée. Acrostichum sorbifolium, Linn. ; (Plum.

Fil. t.117). Stenochlena sorbifolia, J. Sm. Gen. Pil—
West Indies.

2. L. longifolia, J. Sm. Lomaria longifolia, Kauwlf. Lowe’s
New Ferns, t. 37. Acrostichum Yapurense, Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t.57. Acrostichum phlebodes, Kunze ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 24, sub Acrostichum sorbifolium,—
West Indies and Tropical America.

3. L. heteromorpha, J. Sm. Stenochlena heteromorpha,
J. Sm. Gen. Fil, 1841. Lomaria filiformis, 4. Cunn.
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, ¢. 149,

Lomaria propinqua,
A. Cunn.—New Zealand.

** Veins combined at the margin.
39. OLFERSIA, Radd.; Presi.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum scandent, squa-
mose. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet long. Veins uniform, simple

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED Ferns. 115

or forked, direct, parallel, their apices combined by a transverse

Genus'39.— Portion of the barren pinna, under side. No.1.

marginal vein. Fertile pinne linear or pinnatifid, convolute,
wholly sporangiferous. ;

1. O. cervina, Presl ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 43; Lowe's Ferns, 7,
tt. 39, 40. Acrostichum cervinum, Sw.; Plum. Fil.
4.154; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 81. O. Corcovadensis,
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 14; Hook. Gen, Fil. t. 79 A.
Acrostichum linearifolium, Pres!.—Tropical America.

*** Veins angularly or compoundly anastomosing.
40. SOROMANES, Fée.

Vernation uniserial ; sarmentum thick, scandent, squamose.

Genus 40,—Portions of ao and barren fronds, No.1,
Ll:

116 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sterile fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules
acutely anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles;
apices next the margin free and clavate. Fertile fronds bipin-
nate; segments convolute, wholly sporangiferous.

1. S. serratifolium, Fée, Acrost. t. 43. Polybotrya serra-
tifolia, Klotzsch.— Venezuela.

—_

41. STENOSEMIA, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds ternately pinnate, 6-18
inches high; pinnz laciniately lobed, bulbiferous. Veins pin-
nate; the lower venules transversely anastomosing, forming-

Gus 41.—Portion of mature frond, upper side. No. 1.

elongated ccrtal and sub-costal areoles, the superior venules
free. Fertile segments linear, rachiform, convolute, nearly
wholly sporargiferous,

]. S.aurita, Pres!. Acrostichum auritum, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns,
7, tt. 52, 53. Polybotrya aurita, Bl. Fl. Jaw. t. 1;
Fook, Iril, Exot, t. 81.—Java.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 117

42. PORCILOPTERIS, Eschw.; Presl.

Vernation uniserial, distant or contiguous, subfasciculate and
decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 1-3 feet long, often bulbiferous.
Primary veins costeform, pinnate; venules arcuately or angu-

Genus 42.—Portion of barren frond. No. 3.

larly anastcmosing, producing on their exterior sides or angles
one or more free or anasto»osing veinlets, forming unequal
areoles. Sporangia amorphous, or sometimes in defined lines
on the venules (Jenkinsia, Hook.).

1. P. flagellifera, J. Sm. Acrostichum flagelliferum, Wall. ;
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 23; Blume, Fl. Jav. t. 18.—
East Indies.

2. P. crispatula, J. Sm. Acrostichum crispatulum, Wall.—
East Indies.

3. P. prolifera, J. Sm. Acrostichum proliferum, Blume;
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 681, 2. Heteroneuron proliferum,
Fée, Acrost. t. 55. Acrostichum virens, Wall. ; Hook.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢, 221.—East Indies,

4, P. punctulata, Presl. Acrostichum punctulatum, Linn.
Heteroneuron punctulatum, F¥e, Acrost. t. 54.—
Mauritius and West Tropical Africa.

118 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

43. GYMNOPTERIS, Bernh.; Presl.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or contiguous sub-
fasciculate and decumbent. Fronds simple, lobed or pinnate;

Genus 43.—Portion of sterile frond, under side. No. 2

from 6 inches to 2-3 feet high. Primary veins costeform ;
venules compound anastomosing, with free variously directed
veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sporangia amorphous.

1. G. quercifolia, Bernh.; Presl; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 905;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 80. Acrostichum quercifolium,
Retz.; Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 3. Gymuopteris Nicnerii,
Hort.—Ceylon.

2. G. nicotiansefolia, Pres! ; Fée, Acrost. t. 46. Acrostichum
“nicotianefolium, Sw.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, ¢. 26.—
West Indies.

3. G. acuminata, Presl. Acrostichum acuminatum, Willd. ;
(Plum. Fil. t.115).— West Indies.

4. G. aliona, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 85. Acrostichum
alienum, Sw. ; Plum. Fil. t.10,—Tropical America.

5. G. Gaboonense, J. Sm. Acrosticham (Gymnopteris)
Gaboonense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 270.—Tropical
West Africa.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 119

§ 3. Acrostiche. Vernation fasciculate. Fronds pinnate,
4-8 feet high; pinne adherent. Veins uniform, reticulated ;
aveoles small subquadrangular, or large hesagonoid.

44, NEUROCALLIS, Fée.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds pinnate, 3-4 feet
high, smooth; sterile pinne elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate,
entire, 8-10 inches long, 2 inches wide, sessile, adherent with

Genus 44.—Portions of fertile and barren fronds. No. 1.

the rachis. Veins uniform, reticulated; areoles oblong, hexa-
gonoid. Fertile fronds contracted; pinne linear, acuminate,
plane, wholly sporangiferous on the under side; sporangia
destitute of indusoid scales.

1. N. prestantissima, Fée, Acrost. t=. 52; Fée, Gen. Fil.
t.4 A. Acrostichum preestantissimum, Bory, HD. ;
Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 58.—Dominica and Guadeloupe.

45. ACROSTICHUM, Linn. (in part); J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform. Fronds pinnate,
smooth, 2-8 feet high; pinnz entire, broad, the upper densely
sporangiferous on their under side. Veins uniform, reticu-

120 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

lated, forming numerous elongated subquadrangular parallel
areoles,

Yi

} fr 7 My j /
“ Vy Li bi ofl

/ p thefhis ig i

Cet

aan

Geuus 45. —Pinna of barren frond. No. 1.

1.A. aureum, Linn.; Sw. ; Plum. Fil. t.104; Schk. Fil. t.1;
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 81.4; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 42. Chry-
sodium aureum, Fée. Acrostichum fraxinifolium,
R. Br. Acrostichum marginatum, Schk. Fil. t.3 B—
Tropics and sub-Tropics of both spheres, generally
im swamps.

§4. Platycerce. Rhizome obsolete; sterile frond sessile, de-
pressed, conchiform; fertile fronds stipate, repeatedly forked ;
segments broad. Veins compound anastomosing.

46, PLATYCERIUM, Desv.; Bl.

Vernation articulate, rhizome obsolete. Sterile fronds sessile,
oblique reniform, depressed or elongated and subascending,
alternately overlapping each other, forming an epiphytal
spongy conchiform mass, often 1-2 feet in diameter. Fertile
fronds stipitate, rising from the sinus of the sterile, once or
many times dichotomously forked, 2-6 feet in length; segments
broad, obtuse, densely covered with stellated scales, coriaceous.
Veins internal, compound anastomosing. Receptacle amorphous,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 121

occupying more or less of the under side of the segments, or on
a sessile or petiolate lobe.

Genus 46.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

1. P. aleicorne, Gaud. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 63. Acrostichum
alcicorne, Sw.; Bot. Reg. ¢. 262-3.—Hast Indies,
Malayan Archipelago, and Australia.

2. P.Stemaria, Desy. Acrostichum Stemaria, Beaw. Platy-
cerium Alithiopicum, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 9.—West
Africa.

. P. grande, J. Sm.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 86. Acrostichum
grande, A. Cunn.; Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 80 B.—
Malayan Archipelago and Australia.

P. biforme, Blume, Fl. Jav.t. 18. Acrostichum fuciforme,
Wall.—Malacca and Java.

5. P. Wallichii, Hook. Ful. Hzot. t. 97.—Malacca.

co

»

129 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Trae V.—GRAMMITIDEA.

Sort linear, sometimes only oval or oblong; oblique or trans
verse, marginal or costal, or more or less complete, reticulated
naked.

* Veins free.

$1. Grammitee. Fronds linear, entire or rarely forked,
generally smooth.

47, GRAMMITIS, Sw. in part.

Vernation fasciculate, or uniserial and sarmentose, becoming
exspitose. Fronds linear-lanceolate, entire, rarely subpinnatifid,
plane, opaque, smooth or pilose, 6-10 inches high, Veins simple

ie

OO ELE.

Genus 47.—Portion of frond, natural size; ditto, enlarged.

SESS
a

or forked, generally clavate, free; the anterior venule fertile.
Receptacles elongated, medial-terminal. Sori ovate, oblong or
linear oblique, sometimes punctiform transverse-uniserial.

1. G. marginella, Sw. Syn. Fil. Schk. Fil. t.7. Polypodium
marginellum, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ.—St. Helena.

2. G. Australis, R. Br. Grammitis Billardieri, Willd.; Kunze,
Anal. t. 9, f. 2.—New South Wales.

48. XIPHOPTERIS, Kaulf.

_ Vernation contiguous, sub-fasciculate; sarmentum slender,
sub-erect. Fronds 2-6 inches high, linear, dentate-serrate or

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 123

pinnatifid below, sub-entire, and plicate or nearly plane above.
Veins simple, free, very short. Receptacles costal or medial,

Genus 48.—Plant natural size, and portion of frond enlarged. No.1,

elongated. Sori oblong, confluent, mostly contiguous to and
parallel with the midrib, confined to the upper part of the frond.

1. X. serrulata, Kaulf.; Fée, Gen. Fil. 1.10 B; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 44; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 42 A. Grammitis
serrulata, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.7; Hook. Haot. Fil. t. 78.
Polypodium serrulatum, Metten.—West Indies and
Tropical America.

§ 2. Gymnogrammee. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripinnatifid
or decompound, smooth, or generally pilose, tomentose, or
farinose.

49. LEPTOGRAMMA, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bipinna-
tifid, 1-3 feet high. Veins of laciniz pinnate; venules free.
Receptacles medial, elongated. Sori oblong or linear, naked.
Sporangia in some species pilose,

124 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Genus 49.—Portion of fertile frond.

1. L. totta, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Polypodium tottum, Willd. Gym-
nogramma totta, Schlecht.; Bl. Fl. Jav.t. 38. Gram-
mitis totta, Presl. Gymnogramma Lowei, Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢. 89.—South Africa and Madeira.

2. L. asplenioides, J. Sm. Gymnogramma asplenioides,
Sw.; Kaulf. Gymnogramma aspidioides, Kaulf.
Ceterach aspidioides, Willd. ; Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 21,
f.1. Phegopteris aspidioides, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lip.
t. 17, f. 1—Tropical America.

3. L. Linkiana, J. Sm. Gymnogramma Linkiana, Kunze ;
Fée. Grammitis Linkiana, Presl—Brazil.

4, L, rupestris, J. Sm. Gymnogramma rupestris, Kunze.
Phegopteris rupestris, Metten.—Tropical America.

5. L. gracile, J. Sm. Gymnogramma gracilis, Hew. im Mag.
Nat. Hist. (1838). Grammitis Hewardii, Moore.
Leptogramma attenuata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew.
(1856).— Jamaica.

6. L. villosa, J. Sm. Gymnogramma villosa, Link; Lowe’s
Ferns, 1, t. 11.—Tropical America.
7. Li. polypodioides, J. Sm. Ceterach polypodioides, Radd.

Fil. Bras. t, 22.” Gymnogramma polypodioides,
Spreng. Gymnogramma Raddiana, Link.—Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 125

50. GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, bipinnatifid,
or multifid, rarely simple, smooth, villose, or farinose, from a

Genus 50.—Portion of mature frond, upper side. No, 1.

few inches to 2-3 feet high. Veins forked; venules free. Re-
ceptacles medial, elongated. Sori linear, simple, or forked, often
becoming confluent, naked.

$1. Newrogramma. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate, villose.

1. G. rufa, Desv.; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 6 A. Hemonitis rufa,
Sw.; Schk, Fil. tt. 17, 21.—Tropical America. é

2. G. tomentosa, Desv.; Lowe’s Ferns,1, t.6 B; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 18. Hemionitis tomentosa, Radd. Fil. Bras.
t. 19.—Tropica] America,

§ 2. Trismeria, Fronds pinnate; pinne bi-trifoliate; seg-
ments linear, covered with white or yellow farina.

8. G. trifoliata, Desv.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 4; Lowe’s New
Ferns, t.31. Acrostichum trifoliatum, Linn. ; (Plum.
Fil. t.144;) Schk, Fil. tt.3 et 22. Trismeria argentea
et aurea, Fée, Gen. Fil, t. 14 4A. West Indies and
Tropical America.

§ 3. Ceropteris, Fronds bi-tripimnatifid or multifid, covered
with waay farina on the under side.

4, G. Calomelanos, Kaulf.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.37; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 50. Acrostichum Calomelanos, Linn.; Piwm.
Fil.t.40; Schh. Fil. t.5; Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t.3.—
Tropical America.

5, G. Tartarea, Desy. Acrostichum Tartareum, Sw.—Tropical
America.

126 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

6. G. ochracea, Presl.—Tropical America.

7. G. L’Herminieri, Bory (accord. to Link).—Guadeloupe.
(Link.)

8. G. chrysophylla, Kaulf. Acrostichum chrysophyllum,
Sw.; Plum. Fil. t. 41.—West Indies.

9. G. Martensii, Bory (accord. to Link). (Hybrid, J. Sm.)

10. G. sulphurea, Desv. Acrostichum sulphureum, Sw.
Schk. Fil. t. 4. Var. Wettenhalliana, Moore, in Gard.
Chron. 1861, p. 934.—West Indies.

11. G. pulchella, Linden’s Cat.; Moore, in Gard. Chron.
1856 ; Hook. Fil. Hzot. t.74; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 5.—
Venezuela.

12. G. Peruviana, Desv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 32. Var. Argyro-
phylla, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856; Lowe’s New
Ferns, t. 6. Var. dealbata, Moore. Var. laciniata,
Moore, Gard. Chron. 1863.—Tropical America.

§ 4. Anogramme. Fronds bi-tripimnatifid, smooth. (Annuals.)

13. G. leptophylla, Desv. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.25; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, t.1; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t.7. Grammitis
leptophylla, Sw. Polypodium leptophyllum, Linn. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 26.—South of Europe, &c.

14. G. echerophylla, Desv.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 45;
Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 8.—Tropical America.

15. G. Pearcii, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 340.—Peru.

§ 4. Plewrosorus. Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, piloso-
glandulose.
16. G. ruteefolia, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 90; Hook. Fil.
Heot. t.5; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 985; Lowe's New Ferns, 6.
45 A. Gymnogramma subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev.
Ic, Fil. ¢.91. Grammitis Hispanica, Goss. Grammitis
rutefolia, 2. Br—Australia and South of Spain.

§ 5. Eriosorus. Fronds bipinnatifid, lanose-tomentose.

17. G. ferruginea, Kunze. G. lanata, Klotzsch. Var. mon-
strosa, Hort—Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 127

51. CONIOGRAMMA, Fée.
Vernation contiguous, decumbent, subsarmentose. Fronds
pinnate or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high, smooth; pinna and pin-

Genus 51.—Portion of fertile pinna—under side. No. 1.

nules broad elliptical-lanceolate, distant, smooth. Veins forked,
parallel, free. Receptacles medial, elongated, occupying nearly
the whole length of the venules. Sori linear, forked, contiguous,
naked.
1. C. Javanica, Fée. Gymnogramma Javanica, Bl. Fl. Jaw.

t, 41; Lowe’s New Ferns, t.7,—Malayan Archipelago.

62. LLAVEA, Lag.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tri-quadripinnate,

Genus 52.—Barren pinna, Fertile pinna, natural size ;
No. 1. 3 ditto, untulded. No. 1.

128 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1-23 feet long, smooth, contracted and fertile above, sterile
below; Sterile pinnules oblong, elliptical, oblique sub-cordate,
serrulate, 1-11 inches in length. Veins forked ; venules free.
Fertile pinnules linear, 2-3 inches long, revolute, margin con-
niving and forming an universal indusium. Sporangia occn-
pying nearly the whole length of the contracted venules,
forming linear forked confluent sori.

1. L. cordifolia, Lag.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5159. Cerato-
dactylis osmundioides, J. Sin. in Hook. et Bauer, Gen.
Fil. t. 36; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 30. Botryogramma
Karwinskii, Fée, Gen. Fil. t=. 15 OC. Allosorus Kar-
winskii, Kunze, Fil. t.4; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 387-8.—
Mexico. Tr.

**® Veins anastomosing.

§ 3. Hemionitee. Fronds simple, pinnate or rarely bipinnate.
Sori more or less complete reticulated.

53. DICTYOGRAMMA, Fée.

Vernation ‘uniserial, contiguous; sar-
mentumshort. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate,
1-3 feet high, smooth; pinne elliptical-
lanceolate, 6-10 inches long. Venation sub-
uniform, reticulated; areoles unequal, gene-
rally elongated, oblique. Receptacles super-
ficial. Sori linear, reticulated, naked.

1. D. Japonica, Fée, Gen. Fil. 4.15 A.

Hemionitis Japonica, Thunb. Gym-
. oe nogramma Japonica, Hook. Sp, Fil.—
fertile frond. No. le Japan, Formosa.

54. HEMIONITIS, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. short. Fronds simple, cordate,
palmate orpinnate, smooth or villose. Veins uniform reticulated.

aaa

rhene

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 129

Sporangia occupying the whole of the vernation, forming reti-
culate, often confluent sori. Receptacles medial, elongated.
Sori reticulated. :

Genus 54.—Segment of barren frond, under side. No. 2.

1. H. cordifolia, Roxb. ; Hook. Fil. Ewot.t.35; Hook. et Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 64; Hook. et Bauer, Gen, Fil. t. 74. H. sa-
gittata, Fée.—East Indies.

2, H. palmata, Linn.; Plum. Fil. t, 151; Hook. Ez. Fl. t. 33;
Schott. Gen. Fil. t.9; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 37.—West
Indies,

3. H. pedata, Sw. Syn. Fil. t.1, 7.3. Gymnogramma pedata,
Kaulf.—Mexico. Tr.

55. ANTROPHYUM, Kauilf.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous; sarmentum short (unde-
fined), squamose. Fronds simple, linear-lanceolate or oblong-
elliptical or subrotund, smooth, coriaceous, with or without a
defined midrib. Veins uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial,

K

130 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

elongated, immersed, rarely superficial, forming linear, con-
tinuous or interrupted reticulated sori.

Genus 55.—Outline portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 4.

1. A. lineatum, Kaulf. Polyteenium lineatum, Desv.; J. Sm.
Gen. Fil. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 107. Vittaria lanceolata;
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 101 B.—West Indies.

2. A. lanceolatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis lanceolata, Linn. ;
(Plum. Fil. t.127,f. c); Schk. Fil. t. 6—West Indies.

3. A. Cayennense, Kaulf.; Kunze, Anal. t. 19, f.2. He-
mionitis Cayennensis, Desv.; Presl. — Tropical

= America.

4, A. reticulatum, Kaulf. Hemionitis reticulata, Forst.
Schk. Fil. t. 6—Indian, Malayan, and Pacific Islands.

§ 4, Vittarie. Fronds simple, linear. Sori transverse,
continuous, marginal or anti-marginal. ~

56. VITTARIA, Sm.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous; sarmentum short, furnished

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 131

with hyaline squamxz. Fronds simple, linear, smooth, rigid or
flaccid and pendulous, from a few inches to 2~3 feet in length.
Veins simple, forming an acute angle with the midrib, their

Genus 56.—Outline portion of frond, natural size ; dittoenlarged. No: 1.

apices prolonged into atransverse marginal vein, which becomes
the receptacle. Sporangia seated in an extrorse slit of the
margin. Sori marginal, linear, continuous,

1. V. zostersefolia, Bory; Fée, Mem. Fil. t. 2, f. 23 Lowe's
Ferns, 2, t.65 B— Mauritius.

57. HAPLOPTERIS, Presl,

Vernation uniserial, contiguous; sarmentum short, becoming

Genus 57.—Portion of baie, slightly enlarged. No. I;
K

132 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ceespitose. Fronds simple, narrow, linear or lanceolate, 1-2 feet
long, smooth. Veins simple, parallel, their apices combined by
a transverse intra-marginal vein, which is immersed in a groove,
and becomes the receptacle, forming a linear, continuous, inter-
marginal, naked sorus.

1. H. scolopendrina, Presi, Tent. Pterid. t.8, f.21. Pteris
scolopendrina, Bory; Sw. Teeniopsis scolopendrina,
“J. Sm. Gen. Fil. 1841. Teeniopteris Forbesii, Hook. et
Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 76 B. Vittaria Zeylanica, Fée,
Vittar. t.1, f. 3—Ceylon and Mauritius.

2. H. lineata, J.Sm. Vittaria lineata, Sw. ; Schk. t. 101 B;
J. Sm. Cat. 1857; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 65 A. Teeniopsis
lineata, J. Sm, Gen. Fil. 1841.—Tropical America.

58, PTEROEBSIS, Desv.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous ; sarmentum short, cespitose,
Fronds simple, linear, acuminate, 6-18 inches long, rigid, smooth,
Veins uniform, reticulated, forming transverse elongated, hexa-
gonoid areoles. Receptacles compital, elongated on the exterior,
transverse anastomose, forming a linear, continuous, marginal
sorus.

| _ ad]

Genus 58.— Portion of frond, slightly enlarged. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 1838

1. P. angustifolia, Desv. ; Hook. et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t.77 B.
Tenitis angustifolia, R. Br. Pteris angustifolia, Sw. ;
Willd. Pteris tricuspidata, Linn. ; Plum. Fil. t. 140,
var. comosa, J. Sm.—West Indies.

59. DICTYOXIPHIUM, Hook.
Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple,
‘linear-lanceolate, attenuated and decurrent on
the stipes, 1-3 feet long. Veins compound
anastomosing. Receptacles compital, elongated,
immersed in an extrorse marginal groove, which
is indusiform. Sori linear, continuous.

1. D, Panamense, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 62; J. Sm. Genus 59.— Pe
Gen. Fil.; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t.69. Lindsewa of A a frond,
Panamensis, Mettn. Hook. Fil. Exot, "°* *°* Now:

t, 54,— Panama.

§ 5. Ceratopteriw. Fertile fronds contracted ; segments
revolute, forming an wriversal indusium, enclosing the sporangia.
60. CHRATOPTERIS, Brongn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect (annual). Fronds fragile; the

60.—Portions of fertile and barren fronds, natural size; portion of
oor ertile enlarged. No.1.

134 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

fertile decompound; segments forked, linear ; margins revolute,
membranaceous, conniving, indusiform. Veins transversely
elongated, distantly anastomosing. Sporangia occupying the
transverse venules, superficial, large, disposed in a simple series,
constituting two linear sub-parallel sori.

1. C. thalictroides, Brongn.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.12; Lowe's
Ferns, 2, t. 66. Ellobocarpus oleraceus, Kaulf. Par-
keria pteridioides, Hook. Hx. F'l.t. 147; Hook. et Grev.
Ic. Fil.t. 97. Ceratopteris Parkeri, J. Sm. Gen. Fil.
1841.—Tropics.

Tazz VI-PHEGOPTERIDE.

Sori punctiform, intra-marginal or rarely on marginal dents,
naked or each furnished. with a special indusium, which is
either peltate or lateral and interiorly attached, rarely calyci-
form; or the margin of contracted fronds revolute, forming an
universal indusium; or the dents of the margin reflexed and
indusiform.

* Veins anastomosing in various ways.
+ Sori naked.

§ 1. Dictyopterie. Primary veins costeform, generally well
defined. Sori punctiform or linear, in oblique or transverse
rows or lines, or rarely reticulated between the primary veins.

61. DRYOMENIS, Fée; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous or subfasciculate, sub
iypogeous. Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, smooth

Genas 61.—Portion of frond. No.1,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 133

1-25 feet high, submembraneous. Primary veins costeform,
transversely combined and compound anastomosing, with free
veinlets terminating in areoles. Receptacles punctiform, com-
pital. Sori round or by confluence unequal oblong, oblique
biserial or irregular, naked.

1. D. plantaginea, J. Sm. in Seemann’s Bot. Voy. Herald.
Polypodium plantagineum, Linn. ; Jacq. Coll. t.3,f.1;
(Plum. Fil. t.128). Aspidium plantageneum, Girisb. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. (in part). Pleopeltis plantaginea,
Moore, Ind.—West Indies. :

62. DICTYOPTERIS, Presl (im part).

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent or sub-erect. Fronds
coriaceous, deltoid, bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 3-4 feet high ;
ultimate segments or pinnules sub-entire or sinyous-pinnatifid. *
Veins costeform; venules and veinlets anastomosing (rarely

Genus 62.—Portion of fertile pinna; ditto barren and fertile. No.1.

few free, excurrent), forming oblique, somewhat elongated
areoles, the costal ones transversely elongated. Receptacles
medial or compital. Sori round, large, irregular, sometimes
crowded near the margin, naked.

1. D. irregularis, Presl. Polypodium irregulare, Presi. Rel,
Heenk. t. 4, f. 83 —Hast Indies, Malayan and Philippine
Islands.

136 FERNS !. BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

63. MENISCIUM, Schreb.

Vernation fasciculate and decumbent, or uniserial and sar-
mentose. Fronds pinnate, rarely simple, 1-8 feet high. Pri-
mary veins costeform, pinnate; each opposite pair of venules

Genus 63.—Portion of mature fiond. No.4.

angularly or arcuately anastomosing and sporangiferous, pro-
ducing from their junction an excurrent, free, sterile vi inlet.
Receptacles medial, linear, continued across the junction cf the
venules, forming arcuate, transverse sori. Sporangia in some
species pilose.
. * Fronds simple.
1. M. simplex, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v.1, t.11; Hook, Fit.
Exot. t. 83.—Hong-kong.

2. M. giganteum, Metten.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 168.—
Tropical America.
** Fronds pinnate,

3. M. triphyllum, Sw. ; Hook. et Grev, Ic. Fil. t.120; Kunze,
Fil. t. 52.—India, Ceylon.

4, M. palustre, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 20; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.40;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t.45.—Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 187

5. M. dentatum, Presl_—Brazil.

6. M. reticulatum, Sw.; Schk, Fil. t.5. Polypodium reticn-
latum, L.—Tropical America.

64, GONIOPTERIS, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnatifid
or pinnate, rarely simple, 1-4 feet high. Primary veins coste-
form, pinnate; venules opposite, the whole or only the lower
pair, or more, angularly anastomosing, producing from their

oy ee Oe

DR ae
Ver ee PAY, we
ei OVAL hi oD

ea

—
Genus 64.—Portion of mature frond. No. &

juncticn an excurrent sterile veinlet, which is either free or
anastomoses in the angle next above it. Sporangiferous
receptacles punctiform, medial (between the base and angular
junction of the venules). Sort round, obliquely biserial. Syo-
rangia pilose in some species.

1. G. scolopendroides, Presi. Polypodium scolopendroides,
- Sw.; (Plum. Fil. t. 91); Hook. Fil. Hot. t.18. Go-
niopteris subpinnata, Hort—Jamaica.

2. G. gracilis, Moore, in Gard. Chron. 1856 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t. 9 A. Jamaica.

3. G. reptans, Presi. Polypodium reptans, Sw.; Sloane’s
Jam. 2, t. 30. Polypodium compositum, Link.—.
Jamaica.

138 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. G. asplenoides, Presl. Polypodium asplenoides, Sw. ;
Sloane’s Jam. 1, t. 48, f. 2; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 34 B.—
Jamaica.

5. G. erenata, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 38, Polypodium
crenatum, Sw.; (Plum. Fil. t. 111); Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t. 26 b.— West Indies.

6. G. megalodes, Presl. Polypodinm megalodes, Schk. Fil.
t. 19 6.— West Indies.

7. G. Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm Polypodium Gheisbeghtii,
Lind. Cat. 1858. Meniscium pubescens, Linn. Cat.
1858. Polypodium crenatum, Hook, Fil. Huot. t.84 (non
Sw.).—Tropical America.

8. G. tetragona, Presl. Polypodium | Sw.; Schk.
Fil. ¢. 18 6.—West Indies.

9. G. serrulata, J. Sm. Polypodium serrulatum, Sw.; Presi ;
Sloane’s Jam. t. 43, f. 1—Jamaica.

10. G. prolifera, Presi. Meniscium proliferum, Sw.; Hook.
2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 15.—Hast Indies.

11. G. vivipara, J. Sm. Polypodium viviparum, Radd. Fil.
Bras. t. 32. Polypodium proliferum, Lowe’s Ferns,
t. 31. Goniopteris fraxinifolia, Presl (non Polypodium
fraxinifolium, Jacq.). Polypodium fraxinifolium,
Lowe’s Ferns, t. 31.—Brazil.

12. G.pennigera, J. Sm. Polypodium pennigerum, Forst.—
New Zealand.

18. G. Fosteri, Moore—New Zealand.

++ Sori indusiate.
§ 2. Aspidic. Sori punctiform. Indusium orbicular,
reniform or rarely calyciform.
a. Indusiwm orbicular or reniform.
65. NEPHRODIUM, Schoitt..

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent or erect, rarely uniserial and
sarmentose. “Ironds 1-6 feet high, simple or pinnate; pinnze
entire, sinuose or pinnatifid. Veins costeform, pinnate; the
lower pair of venules only, or more, or the whole, angularly

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED Ferns. 139

anastomcsing, producing from their junction an excurrent,
anastomcsing, sterile veinlet. Receptacles medial or sub-
terminal. Sori round. Indusiwm reniform, rarely’ nearly
orbicular.

IPG
MEE

RN

Genus 65.—Portion of mature frond. No.5.
* Vernation uniserial, distant.

1. N. unitum, B. Br.; Hook. Gen. Fil.t. 48 B. Polypodium
* unitum, Lim. Aspidium unitum, Schk. Fil. t. 33 B,
f.1. Aspidium serra, Schk, Fil. ¢.33, f. 2.—Tropics.

2. N. pteroides, J. Sm. Polypodium pteroides, Retz. Aspi-
dium pteroides, Sw. Aspidium terminans, Wall.
Nephrodium terminans, J. Sm. Oat. Fil. Hort. Kew.
1846.—EHast Indies.

3. N. venulosum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p.17.—Fernando Po.

** Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent.

4, N. Hookeri, J. Sm. Aspidium Hookeri, Wall.; Hook. Ic.
Pl. t. 922.—Hast Indies.

5. N. granulosum, J. Sm. Polypodium granulosum, Pres,
Relig. Henk. t. 4, f. 2. Aspidium glandulosum,
Blume. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 9. Nephrodium multi-
lineatum, Moore and Houlst. (non Presl)—Philippine
Islands, Java. !

6. N.articulatum, Moore and Houlst. in Gard. Mag. of Bot.

1851; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857; Lowe’s Ferns,
6, t. 29.—Ceylon.

140 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

7. N.refractum, J. Sm. Polypodium refractum, Fisch. et
Mey. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 48. Goniopteris refracta,
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857.—Brazil.

8. NN. truncatum, J. Sm. Aspidium truncatum, Gaud. in

: Freycinet’s Voy. t.10; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 12.—Sand-
wich Islands.

9. N. abortivum, J. Sm. Aspidium abortivum, Blume.
Aspidium decurtatum, Kunze.—Java.

10. N. venustum, J. Sm. Aspidium venustum, R. Hew. in
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 464,—Jamaica.

11. N. molle, &. Br. ; Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 14; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 48 B. Aspidium molle, Sw.; Schk. Fil.-t. 34 B.
A. violascens, Link. Var. corymbiferum, Moore, in
Gard. Chron. 1856; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t.13.—Tropics,
very general. T.

12. N. patens, J. Sm.—Demerara.

66. MESOCHLANA, R. Br. \

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 2-4 feet high, bipinna-
tifid. Veins costeform, pinnate; the lower pair of venules
anastomosing, the others free, parallel. Receptacles medial,

Genus 66.—Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size; ditto enlarged. No.1.

elongated. Sori oblong-linear. Industwm hippocrepiform,
attached longitudinally on the centre of the receptacle, having
sporangia in its axis on each side, its margin free,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 141

1. M. Javanica, R. Br. in Horsf. Fl. Jav.; Lowe's Ferns, 7,
4.15. Nephrodium Javanica, Hook. Fil. Ewot. t. 62.
Sphzrostephanos asplenioides, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 24; Kaumze, Fil. ¢. 10, 11.—Singapore and
Java.

67. CYCLODIUM, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, subdecumbent. Fronds pinnate, 2-3
feet high ; sterile pinnew broad-elliptical, linear-lanceolate. Veins
pinnately forked; venules acutely anastomosing, producing
from their angular junctions an excurrent free or anastomosing

x) ‘OO

Genus 67.—Portion of barren and fertile frond.
veinlet; fertile pinne contracted, linear-lanceolate. Veins
uniform, reticulated. Receptacles medial, punctiform. Sori
round, confluent, and occupying the whole under surface.
Indusium orbicular.
1. C. confertum, Presl. Aspidium confertum, Kaulf.; Hook.
et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 121; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 49 B;
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns, 1857. Aspidium Hookeri,
Kl, — Guiana, Bahia.

68. CYRTOMIUM, Presi.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-3 feet high, pinnate;
pinne elliptical-lanceolate, 6-8 inches long, 1-4 wide, falcate
more or less, auriculate at the base, the margin sub-entire or
spinulose. Veins two or three times forked, or pinnate ; venules

142 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

alternate, the lower exterior branch free, the others acutely
anastomosing, producing from their junctions free or anasto-
mosing veinlets. Receptacles punctiform on or below their

Genus 68.— Portion of mature frond, under side.

apices or points of junction of the venules. Sori round,
transversely uniserial, or numerous and oblique-serial. Indu-
sium orbicular.

1. C. falcatum, Presl. Polypodium falcatum, Linn. 3 Thunb.
Fl. Jap. t. 36. Aspidium falcatum, Sw.; Lang. et
Fisch. t.15; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t.9; Hook. Fil. Evot.
t. 92,—Japan, China.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 143

2. C. earyotideum, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 49 C. Aspidium caryotideum,
Wall.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 69;
Hook. Gard, Ferns, t.18. Aspidium
anomophyllum, Zenk. Pl. Nilgh.
t, 1—East Indies and Natal. T.

8. C. juglandifolium, Moore. Polypodium
juglandifolium, Humb. Amblia jug-
landifolia, Presl; Fée, Gen. Fil..
t. 22 B, f. 1. Phanerophlebia jug-
landifolia, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 49 A. Aspidium juglandifolium,
Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips, t. 22,
f. 6-7.—Tropical America.

69. FADYENTA, Hook.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudex undefined.
Fronds-simple, entire, 5-6 inches long; ihe
sterile lanceolate, attenuated and proliferous
at the apex ; the fertile linear, ligulate, obtuse,
erect. Veins forked; venules acutely anasto-
mosing; the lower exterior venule of each
fascicle free, and sporangiferous on its apex.
Receptacles puuctiform. Sori round, trans-
versely uniserial. Indusiwm reniform, sub-
oblong, hippocrepiform.

1. F. prolifera, Hook. Gen, Fil. t. 53 B;
Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 2. Aspidium
proliferum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil, Genus 69.—Fertile

frond, under side.

t 96; Hook, Fil. Ewot. t. 36.— No. 1.
Jamaica.

70, ASPIDIUM, Sw. (in part); Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds 1-4 feet high, entire,
lobed, pinnate, bipinnatifid or bipinnate; ultimate segments
generally broad. Primary veins costeform; venules simply or
compoundly anastomosing, Receptacles compital, or on the.

144 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

apex of free veinlets terminating in the areoles. Sori round.
Indusium orbicular or reniform,

Genus 70.— Piuna of mature frond, under side. No. 3.

se * Fronds cordate, lobed, or trifoliate.

1. A. Plumieri, Presl, Rel. Henk. (excl. syn. Polypodium
angulatum, Willd.). Polypodium trifoliatum, Linn.
Sp. Pl. (not of Linn. Herb.); Plum. Fil. t. 148.—
Martinique and Dominica.

2. A. Pica, Desv. Polypodium Pica, Linn. Sagenia Pica,
Moore. Aspidium ebenum, J. Si. Cat. Cult. Ferns,
1857. Bathmium ebenum, F'ée.—Mauritius.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED Ferns. 145

3. A. trifoliatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 28; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 33; Schott, Gen. Fil. cwm Ic. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 29.
Polypodium trifoliatum, Linn. fide specimen in Linn.
Herb. ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. ¢. 638. Bathmium trifoliatum,
Link. Aspidium heracleifolium, Willd. (Plum. Fil.
t, 147).—Tropical America.

** Fronds pinnate or subpinnatifid ; pinnee entire or lobed.

4, A, macrophyllum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 145); Metten. Fil.
Hort. Lips. t. 22, f. 13; Lowe’s Ferns, @, t. 46. Car-
diochlena macrophylla, Fée. Bathmium macro-
phylum, Link.—Tropical America.

5. A.repandum, Willd. Bathmium repandum, Fée. Sagenia
repanda, Moore. Sagenia platyphylla, J. Sm. En.
Fil. Phil. Aspidium platyphyllum, Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips, t. 21.—Malayan Islands.

6. A. latifolium, J. Sm. Enum. Fil. Phil. Polypodium
latifolium, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 24, Aspidium me-
lanocaulon, Blume ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 58. Aspidium
nigripes, Hort—Malayan and Pacific Islands,

”. A. coadunatum, Wall.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 202
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 22, f. 83-4; Lowe's Ferns
6,4.50. Sagenia coadunata, J. Sm. Gen. Fil—Hast
Indies.

8. A. cicutarium, Sw. Polypodium cicutarium, Linn. fide
specimen Linn. Herb. Sagenia cicutaria, Moore, Ind.
Aspidium Hippocrepis, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 150). Poly-
podium Hippocrepis, Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 641. Sagenia
Hippocrepis, Presl; Hook. et Bauer, Gen. Fil. t.53 A.
—Jamaica.

9, A, apiifolium, Schk. Fil, t. 56 B. Sagenia apiifolia, J. Sm
Microbrochis apiifolia, Presl. Aspidium sinuatum
Gaud.; Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. t. 1. Bathmium
Billardieri, Fée.— Sandwich Islands and New
Caledonia.

10. A. dilaceratum, Kunze, in part ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.
t, 22, f. 14, 16.— Jamaica.

ll. A. subtriphyllum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p.52. Polypodium
subtriphyllum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy.
¢. 50.—China, Hong-kong, Ceylon.

12. A. variolosum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 51.—India,

L

146 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

13. A. giganteum, Blume; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 50. Var.
6 minor, Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyln. p. 390.—
Ceylon.

*** Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate ; the segments sessile,
decurrent,

14. A. Pteropus, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 47. Aspidium
decurrens, J. Sm. Cat. 1857.—OCeylon.

71. PLEOCNEMIA, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, eaudex arborescent. Fronds
bi-tripinnatifid, 4-6 feet long. Veins of laciniz costzform ;
venules forked, the lower ones arcuately and angularly anasto-

Genus 71.—Portions of barren and fertile pinnz. No.1.

mosing, forming unequal areoles next the costa, the upper ones
free. Receptacles medial on the free or anastomosed venules,
punctiform. Sort round. Indusiwm reniform.

1. P. Leuzeana, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 97. Polypodium
Leuzeanum, Gawd. in Frey. Voy. t. 6. Nephrodium
Leuzeanum, Hook.—Philippine and Fiji Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 147
b. Indusium calyciform.
72. HYPODERRIS, RB. Br.
Vernation uniserial, subsarmentose. Fronds simple, entire
or trilobed, 1-2 feet long. Primary veins costeform ; venules
compound anastomosing.. Receptacles punctiform, compital,

Genus 72.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No.1.
included within a calyciform, obscure, membranous indusium.
Sori round, irregular or oblique, biserial between the primary veins.
1. H. Brownii, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen, Fil. t.1; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 24; Lowe's Ferns, 7,.4 14. Woodsia
Brownii, Metien—Trinidad and Guiana,

73. TRICHIOCARPA, Hook.
Vernation fasciculate, decumbent.

Fronds bi-tripinnatifid,

Genus 73.—Portion of pinna, tertile frond, under side. No.1.
La

148 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

deltoid, 6~18 inches high ; pinne distant, pinnate below, pin-
natifid decurrent above; pinnules lanceolate, pinnatifid or
sinuose lobed. Veins uniform, reticulated; areoles transverse
oblong ; marginal veinlets free, exserted beyond the margin,
bearing a globose pediculate sorus. Indusium calyciform,
spreading, entire.

1. T..Moorei, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, ¢. 37. Deparia
Moorei, Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. v. 4,
t. 3; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 28. Cionidium Moorei,
Moore, Ind.—New Caledonia.

ee Veins free.
+ Sori indusiate.

§ 3. Oreopterie. Sort punctiform. Industum orbicular or
reniform, plane or cucullate, rarely calyciform.

a. Indusium orbicular or reniform.
74. POLYSTICHUM, Roth (in part) ; Schott; Presl.

Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and subsar-
mentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tripinnate, or decompound ; pinuw

Genus 74.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 1.

and pinnules auriculated and lobed, dentate, rigid, spinulose,
mucronate. Veins simply or pinnately forked; venules free, the
lower exterior branch or more (of each fascicle) soriferous on, or

generally below its apex. Receptacles punctiform. Sori round.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.

Indusiwm orbicular or subreniform.

§ 1. Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect,

(Polystichum verwm.) —
* Fronds pinnate,

1. P. acrostichoides, Schott. Aspidium

acrostichoides, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns,
6, #19. Aspidium auriculatum,
Schk. Fil. t.80.—North America.

2. P. falcinellum, Presi. Aspidium falci-

on

nellum, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t.7.
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 58.—Madeira.

. P. mucronatum, Presi. Aspidium

mucronatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil.
t. 29 B, C; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4,
é. 216.— Jamaica.

. P. Lonchitis, Roth; Schott, Gen. Fil.t.9;

Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t.9; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 15. Poly-
podium Lonchitis, Linn.; Eng.
Bot. t. 797. Aspidium Lonchitis,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 29; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, t 9,— Hurope,
Britain.

triangulum, Fée. Polypodium

triangulum, Linn. (Plum. Fil.
t. 72). Aspidium triangulum,
Sw.; Hook. Fil. HEeot. t. 33.

Aspidium trapezoides, Sw. As- Genus 74.—Portion of

mature frond, under

pidium mucronatum, Lowe’s side. No. 11.
Ferns, 6, t. 31 B (non Sw.).
Var. laxum, Lowes New Ferns, p. 143. —

West Indies.

fon

. P. obliquum, J. Sm. Aspidium obliquum, Don. Aspidium

cespitosum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 213.—Nepal,

Japan.

*& Fronds bipinnate.

7. P. aculeatum, Roth;

Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,

t.10; Sowerby’s Ferns, t.1* Polystichum aculeatum,

150

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

G intermedium, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t.11. Polypodium
aculeatum, Zinn. Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.; Schk.
Fil. t.39; Eng. Bot. 1562.

Var. lobatum, Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
4. 11. Polypodium. lobatum, Huds. Aspidium
lobatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.40. Polystichum lobatum,
Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.48 0; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 16.
Aspidium aculeatum, et A.lobatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns,
#. 10.

Var. angulare. Aspidium angulare, Willd. ; Eng.
Bot. t. 2776. Polystichum angulare, Presl ; Lindl.
and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, 12 A;+Sowerby’s Ferns,
4.18. Aspidium aculeatum, Hook.

Var. angulare, Hook. Brit. Ferns, 12. Aspidium
Braunii, Spenn. Polystichum Braunii, Fée.

Var, argutum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 10 B.

Var. alatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 10 C.

Var, hastulatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 B.

Var. irregulare, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 C.

Var. biserratum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, ¢, 12 D.

Var. imbricatum, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 12 #.

Var. sub-tripinnatum, Moore ; Iindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 13 A. :

Var. tripinnatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's
Brit. Ferns, t.13 B; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 24.

Var. proliferum, Wollast ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t.18 CO. : :

Var. cristatum, Moore, Lowe’s New Ferns, 1,
t, 27,

Var. aristatum, Wollast ; Lowe's. New Ferns, t. 56.
Var, acro-cladon, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 4, p. 186.

—Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 151

8. P. squarrosum, Fée. Aspidium squarrosum, Don.
Aspidium rufo-barbatum, Wall.—East Indies.

9. P.anomalum, J. Sm. Polypodium anomalum, Hook. et
Arn. ; Hook. Kew Gard. Misc. 8, t. 9—Ceylon.

10. P. obtusum, J. Sm. Aspidium obtusum, Kunze; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, ¢. 221.—Philippine Islands.

11. B. proliferum, Presi. Aspidium proliferum, R Br—
Tasmania,

12. P. vestitum, Presl. Polypodium vestitum, Forst. Aspi-
dium vestitum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 43; Lowe’s Ferns,
6, t. 88.— New Zealand. ©

13. P. pungens, Presl. Aspidium pungens, Kaulf. ; Schlecht.
Fil. t. 10.—South Africa.

§ 2. Vernation uniserial, sarmentose.” Fronds deltoid
tri-quadripimnate (Tectaria, Caw.).

14. P. coriaceum, Schott. Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. (ewel.
syn. Forst.) ; Schk. Fil. t. 50.—West Indies. :

15. P. Capense, J. Sm. Aspidium Capense, Willd. (in part) —
South Africa.

16. P.flexum, Remy. Aspidium flexum, Kunze. Aspidium
coriaceum, Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium Ber-
teroanum, Col. Pl. Chil. t. 70; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4;
t. 229.—Chili, Juan Fernandez.

17. P.amplissimum, Presi. Aspidium amplissimum, Metten.
Aspidium fallax, Fisch. MSS. Lastrea fallax, Moore. —
Brazil.

18. P. frondosum, J. Sin. Aspidium frondosum, R. T. Lowe.
Nephrodium lete-virens, R. T. Lowe.—Madeira.

19. P. aristatum, Presi. -Polypodium aristatum, Forst.
Aspidium aristatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 42. A.
curvifolium, Kunze. Polystichum curvifolium,
Hort.—Norfolk Island.

90, P. coniifolium, Presl. Aspidium coniifolium, Wall.—
East Indies and Ceylon.

21. P. denticulatum, J. Sm. Aspidium denticulatum, Sw. ;
Lowe's New Ferns, t. 59.—Jamaica.

152 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

22. P. amabile, J. Sm. Aspidium amabile, Blume; Took.
Sp. Fil. 4, t.225. Aspidium rhomboideum, Wall.
Polystichum rhomboideum, Schott.— East Indies,
Java.

23. P. setosum, Presi. Aspidium setosum, Sw.; Lang. et
‘Fisch. Fil. t,17.—Japan.

75. LASTREA, Presl; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect

Genus7;5.— Pinna of fertile frond. No. 30.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 153

or decumbent. Fronds varying from pinnatifid, bipinnatifid, to
decompound-multifid, 1-6 feet high. Veins simple, or once or
several times forked, or costeform and pinnate; venules free.
Receptacles punctiform, terminal or medial. Sori-round. In-
dusiwm reniform or subrotund (as in figure), attached by its
sinus on the interior side. ;

* Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. (Thelypteris.)
+ Fronds lanceolate, bipinnatifid.

1. L. palustris, J. Sm. Thelypteris palustris, Schott. Lastrea
Thelypteris, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
_ 4.29; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 42; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t. 7. Polypodium Thelypteris, Linn. Aspidinm
Thelypteris, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t..62; Eng. Bot. t. 1018.
Nephrodium Thelypteris, Desv.; Hook. Brit. Ferns,

¢. 13.—Hurope.

2. iL. Noveboracensis, Presl. Polypodium Noveboracense,
Linn.; Schk, Fil. t. 46. Aspidium Thelypteroides,
Sw.—North America.

3. L. invisa, Presl. Aspidium invisum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.18.—
West Indies.

4. TL, augescens, J .Sm. Aspidium augescens, Link ; Kunze,
Fil. ¢. 59; Lowe's Ferns, 6, ¢ 10. Nephrodium
Ottonianum, i

tt Fronds deltoid, decompound.

5, L. decomposita, J. Sm. Nephrodium decompositum,
R. Br.; Hook. Fil. Fl. Nov. Zel. t.79 (exclus. name,
glabellum). Aspidium decompositum, Spreng. ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 33.—Australia, Tasmania, and
New Zealand. :

6. G. velutina, J. Sm. WNephrodium (Lastrea) velutinum,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 145; Hook. Fil. Nov. Zel. t. 80.
Aspidium velutinum, A. Rich —New Zealand.

. pubescens, Presi. Polypodium pubescens, Linn. Ne-
phrodium pubescens, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 62.—
Jamaica.

8. L. quinquangularis, J. Sm. Aspidium quinquangulare,

Kunze. Aspidium pubescens, Lowe's Ferns, 6, t.25.—
Native country unknown.

bo
a

154 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. L. recedens, J. Sm. Polypodium recedens, J. Sm. En.
Fil. Phil. Aspidium recedens, Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 1.—
Ceylon and Philippine Islands.

10. L. elegans, Moore and Houlst.—Ceylon.

11. L. pilosissima, J. Sm. Aspidium pilosissima, G. Don, in
Herb. 1822; J. Sm.—Sierra Leone.

12. L.subquinquifidum, J. Sm. Aspidium subquinquifidum,
Beaw. Fl. Owar. t.19. Aspidium protensum, Sw.—
West Tropical Africa.

13. L. funesta, Moore. Aspidium fanestum, Kunze—Tropical
West Africa, Brazil.

** Vernation fasciculate, caudex erect or subdecumbent.

+ Fronds lanceolate, bipinnatifid, rarely pinnatifid. Veins
generally simple, rarely forked. (Oreopteris.)

14, L. decursive-pinnata, J. Sm. Polypodium decursive-
pinnatum, Hook. 2nd Cent. t. 49. Lastrea decurrens,
J. Sm. Cat. 1846 and 1857.—China, Japan.

15. L. montana, Moore. Polypodium montanum, Vogler.
Polystithum montanum, Roth. Polypodium Oreo-
pteris, Hhrhart; Eng. Bot. t. 1019. Aspidium Oreo-
pteris, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 35, 36. Lastrea Oreopteris,
Prest ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit Ferns, t. 28 ; Sowerby’s
Ferns, t..8. Nephrodium Oreopteris, Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 14.—Var. Nowelliana, Moore; Lowe’s New
Ferns, p. 99.—Europe.

16. L. patens, Presl ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 45 41. Aspidium
patens, Sw.; Radd. Fil. Bras, t. 40; Lowe's Ferns, 7,
t. 3, 4.—Tropical America,

17. L. coneinna, J. Sm. Polypodium concinnum, Willd.
Phegopteris concinna, F’ée. Polypodium molliculum,
Kunze. Phegopteris mollicula, J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns, 1857.—Tropical America.

18. L. contermina, Presi. Aspidium conterminum, Willd,

(Plum. Fil. t. 47). Aspidium polyphyllum, Kaulf,

A. rivulorum, Link.—Tropical America, West Indies,

19. L. immersa, J. Sm. Aspidium immersum, Blwme ; Metten.
Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 18, f. 1-3. Lastrea verrucosa,
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Aspidium impressum, Kunze.—
Malayan Islands. —

20.

21.

2).

AN ENUMERATION Of CULTIVATED FERNS. 155

L. cana, J. Sm. Aspidium canum, Wall. Nephrodium
pubescens, D. Don, (non Sw.).—Hast Indies.

L. strigosa, Presi. Aspidium strigosum, Willd. ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 7,¢.10. Polypodium crinitum, Poir. ‘Lastrea
crinita, Moore; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 66.—
Mauritius.

. L. similis, J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. (n. 390, Cuming). Aspi-

dium submarginale, Hort. Berol.—Malacca.

. L. Kaulfussii, Presl. Aspidium Kaulfussii, Link ; Lowe’s

Ferns, 7, ¢. 5—Brazil.

. L. chrysoloba, Presi. Aspidium chrysolobum, Link.—

Brazil.

5. I. Caripense, J. Sm. Polypodium Caripense, H. et B.

Polypodium submarginale. Lang. et Fisch. Fil. t. 18;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 49 (without indusic). Phegopteris
submarginalis, J. Sm. Cat. 1857.—Tropical America.

zr

. E. vestita, J. Sm. Polypodium vestitum, Radd. Fil.

Bras. t. 36.—Brazil, West Indies.

. L. falciculata, Presl. Aspidium falciculatum, Radd. Fil

Bras. t. 47.—Brazil.

.L. Sprengelii, J. Sm. Aspidium Sprengelii, Kaulf.

Aspidium glandiferum, Karst.—Tropical America and
West Indies.

L. deltoidea, Moore. Aspidium deltcideum, Sw. Nephro-
dium deltoideum, Desv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 103.—
West Indies.

++ Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripimnatifid or bipinnate,

rarely pinnate, usually frm and subcoriaceous. Veins forked,
generally immersed. (Dryopteris.)

30. L. podopbylla, J. Sm. Aspidium (Lastrea) podophyllum,

Hook. in Journ. Bot. and Kew Mise. v. 5, t.1. Aspi-
dium Sieboldi, Van Houtte, Cat.; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 20, f. 1-4. Pycnopteris Sieboldi, Moore.—
Japan and Hong-kong. T.

156 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

81. L. Filix-mas, Presi ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t.14;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t.9. Polypodium Filix-mas, Linn.
Aspidium Filix-mas, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 44; Eng.
Bot.1458. Nephrodium Filix-mas, Mich; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 15.

Var. paleacea, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t.17 B. Aspidium paleaceum, Don. Nephro-
dium Filix-mas, var. paleaceum, Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 98. Lastrea Pseudo-mas, Wollast. L. Filix-mas,
var. Borreri, Johns; Nephrodium affine, R. T. Lowe.

Var. pumila, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t.17 A. Aspidium pumilum, Lowe’s Ferns,

6, 4. 15.
Var. cristata, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t.16 A.

Var. incisa, Moore ; Iindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
#15. Aspidium = affine, Fisch. et Mey. Lastrea
affinis, Moore.

Var. polydactyla, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 16 B.

Var. ramosissima, Moore; Gard. Chron. 1864.

Temperate regions of the earth generally.

32. L. remota, Moore. Aspidium remotum, A. Braun;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 22. Nephrodium remotum,
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 22. Aspidium Boottii, Tucker-
man. A, dilatatum, var. Boottii, A. Gray. —Europe
and North America.

33, L. lacera, J. Sm. -Polypodium lacerum, Thunb. Aspidium
lacerum, Haton.— Japan.

34. L. hirtipes, J. Sm. Aspidium hirtipes, Blume. Nephro-
dium (Lastrea) hirtipes, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 1165.
Aspidium atratum, Wall—India and Ceylon.

35. L. rigida, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 18;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 11. Aspidium rigidum, Sw.;
Schk. Fil. t. 38; Eng. Bot. t. 2724; Lowe’s Ferns,
6, t. 21. Nephrodium rigidum, Desv.; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 16.—Europe.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 157

36. L. elongata, Presi. Polypodium elongatum, Ait, Aspi-
dium elonyatum, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.2384,—
Madeira.

37. L. varia, Moore. Polypodium varium, Linn. Aspidium
varium, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 226. Lastrea
opaca, Hook.—China, Japan.

» 38. L. Napoleonis, J. Sm. Aspidium Napoleonis, Bory,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, t. 155.—St. Helena.

39. L. marginalis, Presi. Polypodium marginale, Linn.
Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 26. Aspidium marginalis, Sw.
Schk. Fil. t. 45 B; Lowes Ferns, 6, t. 6.—North
America.

40. L. Goldiana, Presi. Nephrodium Goldianum, Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 102.—North America,

41. L. erythrosora, J. Sm. Nephrodium erythrosorum,
Eat.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 6, t,253—Japan.

42. L. Mexicana, Lieb. Nephrcdium Mexicanum, Presi.
Aspidium Mexicanum, Kuinze.—Mexico.

+++ Fronds tripinnate, 6-6 feet long; stipes thick,
paleaceous ; pinnee 2-23 feet long, more or less villose ; pinnules
4-8 inches long, lanceolate-acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; seg-
ments entire or pinnatifidly lobed; ultimate lobes wnisorous.
Tndusium almost peltate. (Megopteris.)

43, L. villosa, Presl. Polypodium villosum, Sw. (Plum. Fili
t. 27). Aspidium villosum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 46.
Nephrodium (Lastrea) villosum, Hook. Sp. Fil.
t, 264.—West Tudies.

+++ Fronds lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnate, generall;
fragile, crenate, dentate, or wnequally laginiated, often spinulose
“Veins forked. (Lophodium.)

44, I. dilatata, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 22;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 13. Aspidium dilatatum, Sm.;
Eng. Bot. t. 1461. Nephrodium spinulosum, var.
dilatatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 19.

158 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Var, tanacetifolia, Moore. Polypodium tanaceti-
folium, Hoffm. Aspidium depastum, Schk. Fil. t. 51.
Aspidium erosum, Schk. Fil. t. 45.

Var. nana, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t, 26 C, D.

Var. dumetorum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 25. Aspidium dumetoram, Sm. Nephro-
dium spinulosum, 6 dumetorum, Hook. Brit.. Ferns,
t. 21.

Var. collina, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 26 A,B. Lastrea collina, Newm. :

Var. Chanterie, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t.24600 ES

Var. glandulosa, Moore ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
‘Ferns, t. 23.

Europe, North America, and North-East Asia.

45. L. cristata, Pres ; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t.19;
Sowerby’s Ferns,t.10. Polypodium cristatum, Linn.
Aspidium cristatam, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 37; Eng.
Bot. t. 2125. Nephrodium cristatum, Mich. ; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, t.17.—, Lancastriense, J. Sm. Aspidium
Lancastrieuse, Spreng.; Schk. Fil. t. 41.—Htrope and
North America.

46. L. intermedia, Presi. Aspidium intermedium, Willd —
North America.

47. Ll. spinulosa, Presl; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t, 21; Sowerby’s Ferns, t.12. Aspidium spinulosum,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 48. Nephrodium spinulosum,
oe, bipmmnatum, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 18.
Var. uliginosa, J. Sm. Lastrea uliginosa, Newm.
Lostrea cristata, var. uliginosa, Moore; Lindl. and
Livore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 20.—Europe.

48. L. emula, J. 8m.. Polypodium emulum, Ait. Aspidium
emulum, Sw. Nephrodium spinulosum, y emulum,
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 20. Nephrodium Feenisecii,
R. T. Lowe. Lastrea Foenisecii, Watson ; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 27; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 14.
Lastrea recurva, Newm. Lastrea concava, Newm.—
Europe and Madeira.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 159

49, L. glabella, J. Sm. Nephrodium glabellum, A. Cunn.
‘ Aspidium ‘glabellum, Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 36.—New
Zealand,

50. L. Shepherdi, J. Sm. Aspidium Shepherdi, Kunze.
Lastrea acuminata, Houlst. ef Moore. Aspidium
acuminatum, Hort. Ang.; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 11.
Lastrea atro-virens, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. ane 1857.—
Native country unknown. T.

51, L. hirta, Presl. Aspidium hirtum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.46 B.
Lowe’s Ferns, 7, ¢. 11. Polypodium crystallinum,
Kunze, Fil. t. 185.—Jamaica.

52. L. sancta, J. Sm. Polypodium sanctum, Sw. Phe-
gopteris sancta, F'ée—— West Indies.

53. L. hispida, Moore and Houlst. Aspidium hispidum, Sw.;
Schk. Fil. t. 49; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 8. Polystichum
hispidum, J. 8m. Cat. 1857. Polypodium setosum,
Forst.— New Zealand.

Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, 6-18 inches high, flaccid, ultimate
dents unisorous. Indusium equal with the dent, and forming
‘with it a bilabiate cyst. (Diclisodon, Moore.)

54, L. deparioides, J. Sin. Nephrodium (Lastrea) deparioides,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 189. Aspidium deparioides, Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 3. Diclisodon deparioides, Moore.—
Ceylon.

b. Indusium inflated, cucullate.
76. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh.
Vernation sub-fasciculate and decumbent or sub-erect, or

uniserial and short sarmentose. Fronds slender, bi-tripinnatifid,
hie inches high. Veins forked; venules free. Receptacles punc-

160. FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tiform, medial. Sori round. Indusium lateral, oblong or
reniform, cucullate, dentate or fimbriate.

Genus 76.—Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 3, var.

1. C. tenuis, Schott ; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 35. Aspidium tenue,
Sw.; Schk. Fi. t= 53 B. Aspidium atomarium,
Muhl.; Willd. Cystopteris atomaria, Pres?—North
America.

ro

. C. bulbifera, Bernh.; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 36. Polypodium
bulbiferum, Linn. Aspidium bulbiferum, Sw.; Schk.
Fil. t. 57.—North America.

3. C. fragilis, Bernh.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 52 B; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 46 A, f.1; Sowerby’s Ferns,
4.19. Polypodium fragile, Linn. Aspidium fragile,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 54, Cyathea fragilis, Sm.; Eng.
Bot. t. 1587.

Var. dentata, Hook.; Iindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 46 A, f.4; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 82. Cysto-
pteris dentata, Hook.; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 21.
Cyathea dentata, Sm. Hng. Bot. ¢. 1588. Poly-
podium dentatum, Dicks. /

Var. Dickieana, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 46 A, f. 5, 6; Hook. Brit. Ferns, ¢. 28,
f. 4,5. Cystopteris dentata, var. Dickieana, Bab. ;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 22. C. Dickieana, Sim.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 7, t. 33.

Var. sempervirens, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t.46 A,f. 2, 3.

Var. angustata, Link ; Moore’s Nat. Print. Ferns,
Oct. Ed. 2, t. 102 OC; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 20.—
Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED Ferns. 161

e

4. C. regia, Prest; Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns,
t, 46 B. Polypodium regium, Linn, Cystea regia, Sm.
Aspidium regium, Sw. Cyathea ,
incisa, Sm. Eng. Bot. t.163. Poly--
podium alpinum, Jacq. Ic. Rar.
t, 642, Aspidium alpinum, Sw. ;
Schk. Fil.t.62. Cystopteris alpina,
Desv.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 24;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 23.— Europe.

5. C. montana, Bernh. ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 46 C, f. 1-3; Hook.
Brit. Ferns, t.25; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t, 24. Aspidium montanum, Sw. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 63.—Europe.

c. Indusium calyviform,
77. WOODSIA, 2. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, czspitose.
‘Fronds. ‘vi-tripinnatifid, rarely. pinnate,
1-12 inches high, smooth or squamiferous.
Veins simple or forked,
free, the lower exterior
branch sporangiferous on
or below its apex. ecep-.
tucles punctiform. Sori
round. Indusiwm calyci-
form, its margin nearly
entire or deeply laciniated,
lacinis usually termina-
ting in long hairs, which
involve the sporangia. Genus 77.—Frond of No. 1, an pmaa

oO oO.

M

162 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
e
§ 1. Woodsia vera. Stipes with a special articulation.
Membrane of indusium nearly obsolete, fringed with articulated
huirs, which involve the sporengia.

1. W. Ilvensis, R. Br.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 8; Hng. Bot.
t. 2616; Sowerby’s Feris, t. 5; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 47 A. Acrostichum Ilvense, Linn.
Polypodium Ilvense, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 19—Europe,
Britain. T.

2. W. hyperborea, R. Br. in Trams. Linn. Soc. 11, t. 11;
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 119; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 7;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 6. Polypodium hyperboreum,
Sw.; Eng. Bot. t. 2023; Schk. Fil. t, 17 B—Europe,
Britain. T.

§ 2. Physematium. Stipes not articulated. Membrane of in-
dustum complete, at length somewhat sinuose-laciniated.

3. W. polystichoides, Eaton; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 2.
B Veitchii, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 32. Woodsia
Veitchu, Hance, MSS.—Japan, Manchuria.

4. W. obtusa, Hook.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 43; Lowe's
Ferns, 7, t. 29. Polypodium obtusum, Sw.; Sek.
Ful. t. 21. Woodsia Perriniana, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 68.—North America.

5. W. mollis, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 26. Physematium
molle, Kunze, Anal. Pterid. t. 27. Woodsia Mexicana,
R. Br—Mexico. H.

§ 4. <Arthroptere. Fronds always pinnate; pinne entire
or subpinnatifid, always articulated with the rachis. Sort
punctiform, terminal. Indusium reniform, rarely obsolete or
wanting,

738 ARTHROPTERIS, J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant; sarmentum slender, scandent;
stipes pseudo-articulated; the node of articulation basal
or more or less elevated. Fronds pinnate, 1-1} foot long

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS, 163

pinne entire, dentate or pinnatifid.
Veins forked or pinnate; venules
free, their apices clavate, the lower-
‘exterior one sporangiferous. Recep-
tacles punctiform. Sori terminal,
round. Indusiwm vreniform or
‘absent.

a. Tndusiwm absent, .

1. A. tenella, J. Sm. in Hook. Fil.

"Fl. Nov. Zeal. t. 82. Poly-
podium tenellum, Forst,
Schk. Fil. t. 16. Poly-
podium filipes, Moore, im
Gard. Chron. (1855),
p. 368; Lowe's Ferns, 2,
.t, 38. Arthropteris filipes,
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns cant
(1857)— New Zealand, "G80 'Norg, mutual size.

b. Indusiwm small, soon obliterated.

2. A. obliterata, J. Sm. Nephrodium obliteratum, R. Br.
Nephrolepis obliterata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 154.
Lindseea Lowei, Hort,—Australia, Malayan and Poly-
nesian Islands.

c. Indusium evident, pinnee pinnatifid.

3. A. albo-punctata, J. Sm. Aspidium albo-punctatum,
Willd. Nephrodium albo-punctatum, Desv. ; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 89. Aspidium leucosticton, Kunze.
Aspidium (Lastrea) Boutonianum, Hook. Ic. Pl,
t, 93.—Mauritius, W. Tropical Africa.

164 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

79. NEPHROLEPIS, Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds pinnate,
linear, 1-6 feet long; pinne numerous,
oblong or linear-lanceolate and falcate,
entire, dentate or deeply crenate, upper side
of the base auriculated, sessile, articulated
to the rachis. Veins forked; venules free,
clavate, the lower exterior one fertile. Sori
terminal, round, sub-marginal, transverse
uniserial, Indusiwm reniform or nearly
orbicular (as in figure), sometimes equal
and conniving with the soriferous crenule,
forming a marginal bilabiate cyst.

1, N. pectinata, Schott; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 18. Aspidium pectinatum,
Willd. Aspidium trapezoides,
Schk. Fil. t. 29 B. Aspidium
Schkuhrii, Link. — Tropical
America.

2. N. undulata, J. Sm. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,

1,20. Aspidium undulatum, Sw.—
West Africa,

8, N. tuberosa, Presi; Lowe’s Ferns, 7,
t. 25, Aspidium tuberosum, Bory.

Gn ae ee Nephrodium edule, D. Don.—
ae yk East Indies,

4, N, exaltata, Schott, Gen. Fil. t, 3; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 35;
Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t. 19. Polypodium exaltatm, L inn. ;
(Plum. Fil. t. 68). Aspidium exaltatum, uw. ; Schk.
Fil. t. 32 B; Radd. Fil, Bras, t, 46. Nephrodium
exaltatum, R, Br.—Tropical America.

5. N. ensifolia, Presl; Lowe's Ferns, 7, t. 22, Aspidium
ensifolium, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.32. Aspidium acutum,
Sw.; Schk, Fil, t.31. Nephrolepis platyotis, Kunze ;
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 26, f. 1.—Tropical America
and Java.

6, N. hirsutula, Presl; Towe’s Ferns, 7, t.21. Aspidium
hirsutulum, Sw.; Schk, Fil. t.33. Lepidoneuron hir-
sutulum, Fee. Aspidium pilosum, Lang. et Fisch.
Fil. t. 16.—Kast Indies,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 165

7. N bisserata, Schott. Aspidium bisseratum, Sw. ; Schk.
Fil. t. 33. Nephrodium bisseratum, Presl—Philip-
pine Islands.

8. N. davallioides, Moore; Lowe’s Ferns, 7, t: 23; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 60. Aspidium davallioides, Sw.; Hook. Ic.
Plant. t. 395-6.—Malayan Archipelago,

80. CYCLOPELTIS, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds
pinnate, 1-3 feet high; pinne entire, falcate,
lanceolate, 4—9 inches long, sessile, auriculated
at the base, articulated with the rachis, Veins
two or three times forked; venules free, the
lower interior and exterior ones sporangiferous
on or below their apices. Receptacles puncti-
form. Sori round, transverse, biserial. In-
dusium orbicular.

1. C. semicordata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort.
Kew. (1846); Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 3.
Aspidium semicordatum, Sw.; (Plum.
Fil, t. 118). Lastrea semicordata,
Presl, Hemicardium Nephrolepis,
Fée. Polystichum semicordatum, _Genu< 80.— Pinna

. of mature trond
Moore.—West Indies. under side. No.1.

§ 5. Didymochlene. Fronds always bipinnate ; pinne and
pinnules articulate with the rachis. Sori punctiform, oblong,
terminal. Indusiwm oblong hippocrepiform.

81. DIDYMOCHLANA, Desv.

Vernation fasciculate and erect, subarboreous. Fronds bi-
pinnate, 2-6 feet long; pinnules oblong-elliptical, oblique, base
truncate, subsessile, articulated with the rachis. Veins radiating,

166 FERNS ; BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

forked ;. costa excentric ; venules direct, free, their apices clavate,
the anterior one sporangiferous. Receptacles oblong. Sori

Genus 81.—Portion of mature frond, under sije. No.1.

terminal, elliptical, marginal. Indusiwn oblong, attached lon-
gitudinally, hippocrepiform.

1. D. lunulata, Desv.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t=. 17. Didy-
mochlena truncatula, J. Sin. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).
Aspidium truncatulum, Sw. Aspidium squamatum,
Willd.; (Plum. Fu. t.56). Didymochlena sinuosa,
Desv. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 8. Diplazium pulcherrimum,
Radd. Fil. Bras. ¢ 59.—Malayan Archipelago and
Tropical America.

+f Sori destitute of special indusiwm.

§ 6. Struthiopterew. Fertile fronds contracted ; segments
revolute, forming a universal indusium, enclosing crowded
punetiform sort.

82. STRUTHIOPTERIS, Willd.

Vernation: fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate
1-3 feet high. Veins pinnate; venulés free, the fertile pinnzw
contracted, linear, with membranous, revolute, conniving mar-
gins, forming a universal indusium. Receptacles medial, base

AN -ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 167

of the pedicels of the sporangia concrete, forming thickened
receptacles, Sori round, confluent,

Genus 82.— Portions of sterile and fertile pinna, natural size, and ditto
fertile, enlarged. No.1.

1.8. Germanica, Willd. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t.63; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 69. Oueclen Struthiopteris, Sw. 3 Schk. Fil.
#4, 105 -—Germany.

2. S. Pennsyivanica, Willd—North America.

7. Phegopterice. Sori punctiform, rarely oblong, naked,
or seated in the awis of reflexed indusiform dents.

83. AMPHIDESMIUM, Schott.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent and criniferous. Fronds
pinnate, 4-6 feet long, smooth ; pinnz linear-lanceolate, adhe-
rent. Veins simple or rarely forked, parallel. Receptacles
punctiform. Sori medial, round, criniferous, irregular, often
more than one on the same vein.

.168 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Genus 88.— Portion of pinne. slightly enlarged. No. 1.

1. A. blechnoides, Klotzsch. Polypodium blechnoides, Rich.
Alsophila blechnoides, Hook. Sp. Fil. Amphidesmium
rostratum, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Polypodium rostratum,
Humb. Metaxya rostrata, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil.
#.42B. Amphidesmium Parkeri, Schott. Polypodium
Parkeri, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 232.—West Indies
and Tropical America.

84. PHEGOPTERIS, Fée; J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate and erect,
or decumbent. Fronds varying from pinnate to decompound-

Geuus 34.— Portion of fertile frond, under side. No.7.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS, 169

multifid, and from 1-6 feet high. Veins forked or pinnate;
venules free. Receptacles punctiform, terminal, medial, or basal.
Sort round, rarely oblong, naked.

§ 1. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming coespitose.
(Anopodium.)

1. P. alpestris, J. Sm. Polypodium alpestre, Hoppe ; Lindl.
and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 7, A, B, C; Sowerby’s
Ferns, 2, t. 49; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t.39. Aspidium
alpestre, Hoppe ; Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 60, exclus. syn.
Linn.— Europe, Britain.

2. P. flexilis, J. Sm. Polypodium flexile, Moore. Polypodium
alpestre, var. flexile, Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t. 7, D, E; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 6.—Scotland.

§2. Vernation fasciculate, erect ; caudex becoming elevated,
solitary. (Desmopodium.)
3. P. hasteefolia, J. Sm. Polypodium hastefolium, Sw. ;

Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil, t.203; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 55.—
Jamaica.

4, P. Walkeree, Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 233.—Ceylon.

5. P. Sieberianum, Fée. Polypodium Sieberianum, Kaulf. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 235.—Mauritius.

6. P. decussata, J. Sm. Polypodium decussatum, Linn.
(Plum. Fil. t. 24); Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 54. Polypodium
grammicum, Spr.—Wect Indies.

7. P. macroptera, Fée. Polypodium macropterum, Kaulf.
Polypodium formosum, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 53. Also-
phila Fischeriana, Regel, Hort. Petrop.—Brazil.

8. P. ampla, Fée. Polypodium amplum, Humb.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 9, t. 52.—Martinique. ;

9. P. spectabilis, Fée. Polypodium spectabile, Kaulf.;
Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t.43.—Tropical America.

10. P. lachnopoda, J. Sm. Polypodium’ lachnopodium,
J.Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew (1846); Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t, 33.—Jamaica.

170 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

11. P. drepana, J. Sm. Agta drepanum, Sw.; Schk.
Fil. t.43 @. Polystichum drepanum, Pres. Poly-
podium drepanum, Lowe’s Ferns, 2, t. 34.—Madeira.

12. P. rufescens, Metten. Polypodium rufescens, Blume, Fil.
Jav. t. 91; Thwait. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 394. ares
Ceylon.

§ 3. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, (Catapodium, J. Sm.)

13. PB. divergens, Fée. Polypodium divergens, Willd. ; Schk.
Fil. t.. 26 B; Lowe's Ferns, 2, t. 23. Polypodium
multifidum, Jacg. Ic. Rar. t. 643. —West Indies.

14. P. effusa, Fée. Polypodium effusum, Sw.; Sloane, Hist.
Jam. .57, f.3; Schk. Fil. t. 26 C—West Indies.

15. P. trichodes, J. Sm. Polypodium trichodes, Reinw. ;
J. Sm. En. Fil. Phil. Polypodium tenericaule, Wail.
Cat.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 269. Aspidium ee
Kumae. —Malayan Archipelago.

16. P. unidentata, Sm. Polypodium unidentatum, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, p. 247.—Sandwich Islands.

.. §. 4 Vernation uniserial, distant. (Phegopteris vera.)

iv P. aurita,. J. Sm. Gymnogramma aurita, Hook. Io. Pi
4. 974 and 989. Grammitis aurita, Moore. Lepto-
gramma aurita, Hort.—East Indies. sie

18. P. hexagonoptera, Fée. Polypodium hexagonopterum,
Miche. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 49.—North America.

-19. P..Robertiana, J. Sm. Polypodium Robertianum, Hoff. ;
Dtndl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 6; Hook. Brit.
_ Ferns, t.5. Phegopteris calcarea, Fée ; J. Sm. Oat.
*~ Cult. Ferns (1857). Polypodium calcareum, Sm. Eng.
Bot. t. (1525). — Temperate Zone of the Northern
© Hemisphere, Britain. ; *

20. PB. Dryopteris, Fée.' Polypodium Dryopteris, Linn. ;
: Schk. Fil. t. 25; Eng. Bot. t. 616; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t,6; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 4.—Temperate
Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 171

21. P. vulgaris, Metten. Phegopteris polypodioides, Fée.

. Polypodium Phegopteris, Linn.; Eng. Bot. t. 2224;

Schk, Fil. t. 20°; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 4;

Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 8,—Temperate Zone of the
Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

22. P.rugulosa, Fée. Polypodium rugulosum, Labill. Nov.
Holl, t, 241.—Tasmania and New Zealand.

85. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, 1-6
feet high, smooth, pilo-glandulose or
aculeate. Veins forked or pinnate;
venules free, the lower’ exterior
branch sporangiferous on its apex.
Receptacles punctiform, Sori round,
marginal, each seated in the axis of
a reflexed indusiform crenule,

1. H. repens, Presl; Hook. Sp,
Fil. 2,490 B; THlook. et
Bauer, Gen. Fil. t. 67 B.
Lonchites repens, Linn. ;
(Plum. Fil. t. 12).— West
Indies.

2.°H. tenuifolia, Bernh.; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 2, ¢.-89 C. Lon-

--chites tenuifolia, Forst.
Cheilanthes arborescens,

. Sw.—Malayan Archipelago

: nies Genus $5.—Fertile.pinna,
and Polynesia. : under side. No.3.

8. H. amaurorachis, Hook. Sp. Fil.; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.
t. 16, f. 1; Lowe's New Ferns, t.°2. Cheilanthes
amaurorachis, Kwnze.—Australia..

4, Hl. distans, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 4.95 0.—New Zealand,

‘172 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Traoe VIL—PTERIDEZ.

Sori marginal, round, oblong or linear, interrupted or con-
tinuous. Indusium lateral, exteriorly attached on the margin
of the frond, special to each sorus, or sometimes universal to
two or more sori.

§ 1. Cheilanthee. Sori marginal, round or oblong, distinct
or laterally contiguous and confluent forming a compound linear
sorus. Indusium special to each receptacle, or more or less
linearly continued and common to two or more receptacles.

86. NOTHOLANA, R. Br.; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, generally erect, cxspitose. Fronds
pinnate or bi-pinnate, 6-18 inches high, pilo-tomentose, squa-
mose or farinose. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal.

Genus 86.—Mature frond, upper side. No. 10.

Sporangia few to each receptacle, contiguous, forming a mar-
ginal row in the axis of the reflexed sub-indusiform margin.

1. N. trichomanoides, R. Br.; Lowe's Ferns, 1, t. 14 B.
Pteris trichomanoides, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t.75); Schk.
Fil. t. 99.— Jamaica,

2. N. rufa, Presl. Notholena ferruginea, Hook. 2nd Cent. of
Ferns, t. 32.—Mexico, Peru.

3. N. brachypus, J. Sm. Cheilanthes brachypus, Kunze.
Notholena squamata, Hort. N. squamosa, Lowe’s
Ferns, 1, t.17 B.—Mexico.

4, N. distans, R. Br.; Labill. Nov. Cald. t. 7; Hook. Ic. Pl.
t. 980; Lowe's Ferns, 1, ¢t. 19.—Australia, New
Zealand, and New Caledonia.

5. N. mollis, Kunze, Fil. t. 53, f. 2—Chili.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 173

6. N. Marante, R. Br. Acrostichum Marantxw, Linn. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 4; Sibth. Fl. Gr, t, 964.—South of
Europe and North Asia.

7. N. Canariense, J. Sm. Acrostichum Canariense, Willd.—
Teneriffe and Cape de Verd Islands,

8. N. sinuata, Kaulf.; Kunze, Fil. t, 45; Bot, Mag. t. 4699.
Acrostichum sinuatum, Sw.— Mexico.

9. N. leevis, Mart. et Gal. N. crassifolia, Moore et Hovwlst.;
Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 14 A.—-Mexico.

10. N. Eckloniana, Kunze; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t=. 17 A—
South Africa,

11. N. lanuginosa, Desy. Acrostichum lanuginosum, Desf. ;
Fl. Atlam. 2, t. 256; Schk. Fil. t,1. Acrostichum
velleum, Ait.; Sibth, Fl. Gr. t. 656.—South Europe
and Madeira.

12, N. sulphurea, J. Sm. in Seemann’s Bot. Voy. Herald,
p. 233, Pteris sulphurea, Cav, Cheilanthes Bor-
sigiana, Richenb, fil, in Hort, Berol.; Lowe's New
Ferna, t, 16 A.—Peru.

87. MYRIOPTERIS, Fée.
Vernation uniserial, saymentose, or subfasciculate and cespi-

Genns 87.— Mature frond, under Genus 87.— Pinna of mature
side. Nc. 3. froud, under side. No. 1.

174 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tose. Fronds 4-18 inches high, slender, decOmpound, pinnatifid,
pilose or piloso-squamiferous; ultimate segments minute, gene-
rally orbicular or cuneiform, concave; the margin membranous,
revolute, conniving, forming an universal cucullate indusium.
Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia few to each
receptacle, confluent under the uniserial indusium.

1. M. lendigera, Fée. Cheilanthes lendigera, Sw.; Hook.
Sp. Fil, t. 106 A. Notholena lendigera, J. Sm. Gen.
Fil. Cheilanthes tenuis, Hort.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4
- t. 23.—Tropical Amevica. T.

2. M. myriophylla, J.Sm. Cheilanthes myriophylla, Desv. ; ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 105 A.—Tropical America. T.

3. M. elegans, J. Sm. Cheilanthes elegans, Desv.; Hook. Sp.
Fil. t.105 B; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 20. Myriopteris
Marsupianthus, Fée, Gen. Fil. t. 12.4, f. 1—Tropical
America. T.

4. M. tomentosa, Fée. Cheilanthes tomentosa, Link; Huok.
Sp. Fil. t. 109 A—Mexico and Southern United
States.

5. M. frigida, J. Sm. Cheilanthes frigida, Linden. Chei-
lanthes lendigera, Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 24.—Tropical
America. T,

6. M. vestita, J. Sm. Cheilanthes vestita, Sw.; Schhk. Fil.
$124; Hook. Sp. Fil.t.108 B. Notholena vestita,
Desv.; J. Sm. Gen. Fil.; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 16 B—
North America. T.

7. M. hirta, J. Sm. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil.
2, t. 101 B; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 18. Cheilanthcs
Ellisiana, Hort—South Africa.

88. CHEILANTHES, Sw. (in part).

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tri-
pinnate, rarely simple pinnate, 4-18 inches or more in height,
smooth, pilose, glandulose, squamose or farinose; ultimate seg-
ments often small. Veins forked, free. Receptacles terminal.

AN ENUMERATION OF -CULTIVATED FERNS. 175

Sort round, marginal, distinct or laterally confluent. Indusiwm
reniform or subrotund, and special to each sorus, or more or

Genus 88.— Pinna of mature frond, Genus 88.—Fertile pinna,
under side. No. 13. under side. No. 14,
less elongated, plain or undulate, and including two or more
sori.

§ 1. Indusium oblong or linear, common to two or more
clusters of sporangia. Fronds smooth, pilose, tomentose, squamose,
or glandulose. (Hucheilanthes, Hook.)

1. C. micropteris, Sw. Syn. Fil. 4. 8, f. 5—Quito and
Brazil. ; -

2. C. viscosa, Link; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.98 B; Lowe's Ferns,
4, t. 25.—Tropical America. T.

3. C. fragrans, Sw. (in part); Hook.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, 4.17 B.
Polypodium fragrans, Linn, Cheilanthes odora, Sw. ;
Schk. Fl. t. 123. C. suaveolens, Sw.; Schk. Fil.
#19; Sibth. Fil. Gr. t. 966; Hook. et Bauer. Gen.
Fil. t=. 106 B. C. Maderensis, R. T. Lowe. — South
Europe aud Madeira.

176 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

4. C. tenuifolia, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t.125; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.87 C.
—East Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, and
New Zealand.

5. C. microphylla, Sw.; (Plum. Fil. t. 58); Hook. Sp. Fil.
2, t. 98 A. OC. micromera, Link; Lowe's Ferns, 4,
t. 16.—Tropical America. T.

6. C. Sieberi, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.97 B. Cheilanthes

Preissiana, Kunze Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 29.—Australia
and New Zealand.

7. C. Alabamensis, Kunze ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 108 B; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 90.—South United States. T.

8. C. spectabilis, Kaulf.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4,t. 15. Hypolepis
spectabilis, Link ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 88 B. Adiantopsis
spectabilis, Fée. Cheilanthus Brasiliensis, Radd, Fil.
Bras. t. 75, f.2—Brazil. T.

9. C. multifida, Sw. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,4.100 B; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 39.—South Africa, St. Helena, Java.

§ 2. Indusiwm linear, continuous, sinuose-undulate.
Fronds farinose. (Aleuritopteris, Fée.)

10. C. argentea, Kunze ; Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 22. Pteris
argentea, Gmel.; Sw.—Siberia. T.

11. C. farinosa, Kaulf. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 184; Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 4765, Cassebeera farinosa, J. Sm. olim.
Pteris farinosa, Forsk. Cheilanthes dealbata, Don.
Allosorus dealbatus, Presl Pteris Argyrophylla,
Sw.—India and Arabia.

12. C. pulveracea, Presl. ; Lowe's Ferns, 4, ¢. 28. Aleuri-
topteris Mexicanum, Fée—Mexico, T.

§ 3. Indusium subrotund, special to each cluster of sporangia,
Fronds smooth, (Adiantopsis, Fée.)

13. C. pteroides, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 101 A; Lowe's

Ferns, 4, t.21. Adiantopsis pteroides, Mfoore—Sovuth
Africa.

14, C. Capensis, Sw.; Lowe's New Ferns, t.26.4. Hypolepis

Capensis. Hook. Sp. Fil.t.77. Adiantopsis Capensis,
Moore.—South Africa.

“an

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS, 177

15. C. radiata, J Sm; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 18. Adiantum
radiatum, Linn. ; Sw. ; (Plum. Fil. t.100). Hypolepis
radiata, Hook. Sp. Fil.t.91 A, Adiantopsis radiata,
Fée—Tropical America.

16. C. pedata, A. Br. Hypolepis pedata, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,
£92 4. Adiantopsis pedata, Moore.—Jamaica,

89. CRYPTOGRAMME, R. Br.

Vernation f sciculate, erect, ceespitose. Fronds bi-tripinnate,
6-10 inches high, the fertile contracted; segments oblong,
linear; margins membranous, revolute, oppositely conniving,

Genus 89.—Portion of barren pinna, natural size, ditto fertile enlarged
and unfolded. No, 1.

a universal indusium. Veins forked, free. Receptacles
terminal, subelongated. Sort defined, oblong, becoming late-
rally confluent, forming a compound, broad, intramarginal,
linear sorus, included under the universal indusium.

1. Ci erispa, RB. Br.; Hook. et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 115 B;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, 3, ¢. 34. Pteris crispa, Linn.; Sw. ;
Schk. Fil. t. 98; Eng. Bot. ¢. 1160. Allosorus crispus,
Bernh.; Presl; J. Sm. Gen. Fil. ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 8; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 34. Phorolobus
crispus, Desv.—Temperate Regions of the Northern
Hemisphere. 7

V8 ‘FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

90. CINCINALIS, Desv. (in part); Fée.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds tripinnate, 4-12 inches
high, slender; pinne distant, spreading; pinnules ovate, hastate-
lobed or trifoliate, plane, smooth, glaucous or farinose. Veins

Genus 90.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No, 1.

forked, free. Receptacles terminal. Sporangia large, globose,
sessile, definite, in a short series on the upper portion of the
venules, becoming laterally confluent, forming a broad sub-
intramarginal sorus. Indusium obsolete or very narrow.

* Fronds smooth, glaucous.

1. C. tenera, Fée, Notholena tenera, Gill.; Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3055; Kunze, Fil. t. 22, f. 2; Hook. et Bauer. Gen.
Fil. t. 76 A ; Lowe’s Ferns, 1, t. 15.—Chili.

** Fronds farinose.

2. C. nivea, Desv. Pteris nivea, Lam.; Sw. Notholena
nivea, Desv.; Kunze, Fil. t. 22, f.1; Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
t. 19 C. Acrostichum albidulum, Sw. Syn. Fil.t. 1,
f. 2. Notholena incana, Presl, Rel. Henk. t. 1,
f. 2.—Tropical America.

8. C. pulchella, J. Sm. Allosorus pulchellus, Mart. et Gal.
Fil. Mew. t. 10,7. 1. Pellza pulchella, Fée ; Hook—
Mexico. Tr. ; :

4. C. Hookeri, J. Sm. Notholena Hookeri, Lowe’s Ferns, 1,
obs. sub t. 19 C et t. 18.—Tropical America,

5. C. flavens, Desv.; Fée, Gen. Fil. 5, t. 30; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 8. Acrostichum flavens, Sw. Gymno-
gramme flavens, Kaulf.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 47.
Notholena chrysophylla, Hort.—Tropical America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED -FERNS. 179

91. PELLAA, Link.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, squamose. Fronds
palmate, pinnate, or bi-tripinnate, 5 inches to 6 feet high ; pin-
nules articulated to the rachis or to a short petiole. Vetus
forked; venules free. Receptacles terminal, generally con-

Genus 91.—Fertile pinna, under side. No. 6.

tiguous, forming a more or less broad, compound, continuous
marginal gorus, or rarely distant, and each receptacle forming
definite round sori. Indusiwm linearly continuous or gub-
rotund and special to each receptacle. ~

Nz

180 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. P. geraniifolia, Fée. Pteris geraniifolia, Radd. Fil. Bras.
t. 67; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 915. Pteris concolor, Lang. et
‘Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 21. Platyloma -geraniifolia, Lowe's
Ferns, 3, t. 27—East Indies, Polynesia, Tropical
America.

2. P. cuneata, J. Sm. Cheilanthes cuneata, Link 3 Kunze, '
Fil. t. 86.—Cheilanthes rufescens, Link.—Mexico.

3. P. profusa, J. Sm. Cheilanthes profusa, Kunze, Fil. t.17.
Notholena profusa, Presl.— South Africa.

4. P. intramarginalis, J. Sm. Pteris intramarginalis, Kaulf. ;
Kunze, Anal. Pterid. t.17,f.1. Pteris fallax, Mant.
et Gal. Fil. Mex. t. 14, f. 2. Cheilanthes intra-
marginalis, Hook. Platyloma intramarginalis, Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t. 31—Mexico.

5. P. glauca, J. Sm. Pteris glauca, Cav. Cheilanthes
glauca, Metten. Cheil. ¢, 31, 7.18, 19.—Mexico.

6. P. hastata, Link ; Fée; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 116 B; Hook.
Fil. Exot. t.50, Platyloma hastatum et adiantoides,
Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 32, 33. Pteris hastata, Sw.
Allosorus hastatus, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 5.—
South Africa.

7. P. consobrina, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 117 A. Pteris con-
i sobrina, Kunze.—South Aion:

oo

. P. atropurpurea, Link ; Fée. Pteris atropurpurea, Linn. ;
Schk, Fil. t. 99 North America. T.

9. P. Calomelanos, Link; Fée. Pteris Calomelanos, Sw. ;
Schlecht. Adumb. t. 24. Allosorus Calomelanos,
Presl; Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 4769. Platyloma
Calomelanos, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 26.—South
Africa, Tr.

10. P. ternifolia, Link ; Fée ; Hook. Fil, Hzot.t. 15. Pteris
ternifolia, Cav.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 126. Platy-
loma ternifolium, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 24 B.—
Tropical America. T.

1l. P. Wrightiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 115 B.—New Mexico.

12, P. sagittata, Link. Pteris sagittata, Cav. Allosorus
sagittatus, Pres]: Kunze, Fil. t.24.—Peru. TT.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 181

18. P. flexuosa, Link; Fée. Pteris flexuosa, Kaulf. ; Hook,
Ic. Pl. 119. Allosorus flexuosus, Kunze, Fil. t. 23;
Hook, in Bot, Mag. t. 4762. Platyloma flexuosum,
J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t.25.—Tropical America. T.

14. P. cordata, J. Sm. (non Fée). Pteris cordata, Cav. Allo-
sorus cordatus, Pres! ; Hook. im Bot. Mag. t. 4698.— '
Tropical America. T.

92, PLATYLOMA, J. Si. (in part)

Vernation uniserial; sarmentum sub-
hypogeous. Fronds pinnate, 1-2 feet
high; pinne entire, opaque. Veins
forked; venules free. Receptacles ter-
minal, oblong, contiguous, forming a
broad, compound, continuous, mar-
ginal sorus. Indusiwm linear, con-
tinuous, narrow, subobsolete,

Genus ‘92.— Fertile pinne, under side, No. 1; ditto enlarged, No. 8.

182 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

1. P. Brownii, J. Sm.; Lowe's Ferns, 8, ¢. 29. Adiantum
paradoxum, R. Br. Pellea paradoxa, Hook. Fil.
Exot. t.21; Sp. Fil.2, 4.8.4. Pellwacordata, Fée (non
J. Sm.).— Australia.

2. P. faleatum, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 30 A B; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 115 A (excl. name P. Brownii). Pteris
falcata, R. Br. Pteris seticaulis, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 207.
Pellza faloata, Fée; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t, 111 B—Hast
Indies, Australia,

3. P. rotundifolium, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 24 A.
Pteris rotundifolia, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t.99 ; Hook. Ic.
Pl. ¢. 422. Pellwa rotundifolia, Hook. Fil. Ewot.
t. 48,— New Zealand.

98. ADIANTUM, Linn.

Vernation distant, sarmentose or subfasciculate, decumbent
and cespitose. Fronds simple-reniform, pinnate or bi-tripin-
nate; pinnz and pinnules articulated with the petiole; costa
excentric or obsolete. Veins unilateral or radiating, forked ;

: \ \ MW Hy iY AB

Genus 93.— Portion of mature frond, under side. No. 16

venules free, terminating in the axis of a reflexed orbicular or
elongated portion of the margin (indusium), which is altered in
texture, venose and sporangiferous on its under side, ultimately
becoming replicate. e

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 183

1. Reniforme group:
Fronds simple, reniform.

1. A. reniforme, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 115; Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 841; Hook. Huot. Fl. t. 104; Sp. Fil. 2,471 d;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 8; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t= 2 B—
Madeira, Teneriffe.

2. Caudatum group.
. Fronds pinnate, pinne narrow.
2, A.lunulatum, Burm. ;~ Hook. et Grev. Ic. Pil. t. 104;

Lowe's Ferns, 3,t-8 B. Adiantum arcuatum, Sw.—
East Indies.

3. A. dolabriforme, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 191—East Indies,
Malay and Pacific Islands, Brazil.

4. A. caudatum, Linn; Schk. Fil. t. 117; Hook. Exot. Fl.
t.104; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 2 A.—Hast Indies.

3. Macrophyllum group.
Fronds pinnate, erect } pinne broad.
5. A. lucidum, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, 79 C (excl. f. 4);
Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 4 A—Tropical America.

6. A. obliquum, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 79 A—Tropical
America.

7. A. Kaulfussii, Kunze_ Adiantum obliquum, Kaulf. ;
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t=.190 (non Willd.).—Tropical

America.

8. A. Wilsoni, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 72 A; Lowe’s Ferns, 3,
4.16; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 14.—Jamaica.

9. A. macrophyllum, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 132;
Hook. Fil. Exot, ¢. 55,—Tropical America,
4. Monosoratum group.
Fronds uniformly. bipinnate.

10. A. villosum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t..120, A. varium, Pres! ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 18.—Tropical America,

184 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1l. A. pulverulentum, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 55); Schk. Fil.
t. 119; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 17. A. monosoratum,
Willd.

Var—Fronds small, pink when young.—A. rigidum,
Hort. Berol.

Var.—Fronds emall, green when young.—A. tetra-
phyllum, Hort. Berol.—Tropical America.

5. Prionophyllum group.

12. A. intermedium, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, # 20. A.
Brasiliense, Zink (non Radd.). A. triangulatum,
Kaulf. ; Klotz—Tropical America.

13. A. prionophyllum, H.B K. A. tetraphyllum, Willd—
Tropical America.

14, A. fovearum, Radd. Fil, Bras. ¢. 77.—Brazil.

6. Trapeziforme group.
Fronds large, tripinnate ; pinne distant, alternate.

15. A. subcordatum, Sw.; A. betulinum, Kaulf. A. trun-
catum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 78, f. 1.—Brazil.

16. A. trapeziforme, Iinn. <A. rhomboideum, Schk. Fil.
t, 122.—West Indies and Tropical America.

17. A. pentadactylon, Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil: t.25; Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Ful. t. 98.—Brazil. :

18, A. Mathowsianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 84 A—Pern.

19. A. cultratum, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 21; Moore, in
Gard. Chron. (1855), p. 660.—Tropical America.

20. A. curvatum, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.84 0, Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t. 6.— Brazil.

21. A. polyphyllum, Willd.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.12. A.
cardiochlena, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t, 83 A.—
Tropical America.

22, A.cristatum, Linn. ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 646; Lowe's Ferns,
8, t. 22.—West Indies,

¥

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 185

23. A. Feei, Moore. A.. flexuosum, Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns,
t. 61.—Mexico. --

7. Formosum group.
Fronds quadripinnate, decompound, with distant alternate
pinne. :
24. A, Brasilionse, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 76—Brazil,

25. A. Wilesianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.83 C; Lowe's New
Ferns, t, 29.—Jamaica.

26. A. affine, Willd. A. trapeziforme, Forst, (non Linn.);
Schk, Fil. t. 121 B—New Zealand.

27. A. Cunninghami, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 86.4; Lowe's
Ferns, 3, t. 12—New Zealand.

28, A. formosum, FR. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.88 B; Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t, 11.—New Holland and New Zealand.

8. Flabellatum group.
Fronds dichotomously pedate-flabellate.

29. A. flabellulatum, Linn. (Pluk. t. 4, 7. 3). A. fuscum,
Retz. Obs. 2, t. 5. A. amcenum, Wall.; Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 108.—East Indies.

30. A. patens, Willd.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 87 A—Tropical
America,

31. A. pedatum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t.115; Lowe's Ferns, 3,
t, 14.—North America, North Africa.

32. A. hispidulum, Sw. A. pubescens, Schk. Fil. ¢, 116;
Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 9.—Var. tenellum, Moore, Ind.
A. hispidulum, Hort.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 13 4—
Hast Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Australia, New
Zealand, and Pacific Islands.

33. A. setulosum, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew, in Bot. Mag.
(1846), A. affine, Hook. Sp. Fil. (excl. syn. Willd. ;
Forst,; Schk.; A. Cunn.) — Norfolk Island, and
Fijis,

34, A, fulvum, Raoul; Hook. Sp. Fil-t. 854; Lowe's Ferns,
3, t.19.—New Zealand, and Fijis,

186 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. Tenerum group.
Fronds dichotomously decompound.
35. A. tenerum, Sw.; (Plum. Fil. t. 95); Moore et Houlst.

Gard. Mag. Bot. 3, f. 22.—West Indies and Tropical
America.

36. A. sulphureum, Kauilf. ; Kunze, Anal. t. 22, f.1; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 2, t. 76 A.—Chili.

87. A. Chilense, Kaulf.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 173; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 2, t. 75 B.—Chili.

38. A. emarginatum, Bory; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 75 A—
South Africa, Mauritius.

10. Capillus Veneris group.

39. A, concinnum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Fil. t.121 (non Sw.).—
Tropical America.

40. A. capillus-veneris, Linn.; Sm. Eng. Bot.t. (1564); Hook.
Gen. Fil. t.66 B; Moore's Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 45;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 40; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 74 B;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 41. A. Moritzianum, Klotz.—
Tropical and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres.

41. A. ASthiopicum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,477 A. A,
assimile, Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 8 (non Sw.).—Tropics.

42. A. cuneatum, Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 26; Radd. Fil
Bras. t. 78, f. 2; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 30.—

Brazil.

43. A. assimile, Sw. Syn. Fil. 4.3, f. 4. A. trigonum,
Labil. Nov. Holl. t. 248, f. 2.—Australia, Tasmania.

§.2. Pteridee vere. Sori marginal, transversely elongated.
Indusium linear, plane.

94, OCHROPTERIS, J. Sm. ; Hook. Gen: Fil. ¢. 106 A.

Vernation decumbent. Fronds deltoid, long stipate, decom-
pound, 2-3 feet high, smooth, glossy ; stipes and rachew pale,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 187

stramineous; ultimate pinnules and lobes oblong-elliptical,
cuneiform ,marginate, usually oblique. Veins pinnately forked,
radiating ; venules direct, apices of the sterile clavate, free, the

—
oN

NY

Genus 94.—Portion of frond, natural size ; two ditto, enlarged. No.1.

fertile 2-4 converging and transversely combined. by a thick
impressed, sporangiferous marginal receptacle. Sort oblong,
rarely two on each lobe, Indusiwm formed of the reflexed
margin, thick, coriaceous.

1. O. pallens, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841) ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t.77 ;
Hook: et Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 106 A. Adiantum

pallens, Sw.—Mauritius.

95. ONYCHIUM, Kaulf.

Vernatton fasciculate and decumbent, or distant and sarmen-
tose. Fronds decompound multifid, 1-3 feet high, smooth ;
‘sterile segments cuneiform. Veins forked, free, their apices
clavate; fertile segments linear, apiculate, veins simple, short,

188 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

their apices transversely combined by the receptacle. Borus
linear, in the axis of a linear slightly intramarginal indusium,

Genus 95 —Portion of frond, natural size; two difto, enlarged. No.1.

the inner free margin of which connives with the inner margin
of the opposite indusium, ultimately becoming replicate, with
the sporangia of both sori confluent.

1. O. Japonicum, Kunze. Trichomanes Japonicum, Thunb.
O. Capense, Kaulf. En. Fil. t.1, f.8. O. lucidum,
Cat. Hort. Kew. (1856) (non Spreng.) (non Hook.).—
Japan. :

2. O. auratum, Kaulf. Lomaria decomposita, D. Don. Pteris
chrysocarpa, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 107,—East
Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

96. PTERIS, Linn. (in part).

Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial and
sarmentose. Fronds pinnate, bi-tri-quadripinnate, rarely simple,
from a few inches to six or more feet high; the ultimate pinnz
entire, sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid. Veins forked ; sterile venules
free, the apices of the fertile transversely combined by the

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS.. 189

receptacle, constituting a linear, continuous or interrupted
sorus. Jndusiwm linear, marginal,

* Vernation fasciculate, deewmbent
ceespitose.

+ Fronds simply pinnate.

1. P. longifolia, Linn. ; (Plum.
Fil. t. 69); Schk. Fii.
t. 88; Lowe’s Ferns, 3,
t. 42. P. vittata, Linn.
P. ensifolia, Sw. P. lan-
ceolata, Desf. P. Alpini,
Desv. P. obliqua, Forsk.
P. costata, Bory. P.
wequalis, Presi, P. acu-
minatissimum, Blume.
P. amplectans, Wall. P.
Bahamensis, F'ée.—Tro-
pics and Northern Tem-
perate Zone,

DEK

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Ssh
Th

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ern.

UL

NNN

ANN

[\\

Gevus 96.—Barren pinna. No. 4. Portion of fertile frond, natural size.

++ Fronds pinnate, the lower pair or more of pinne
lobed or pinnate. ,

2. P. Cretica, Linn. ; Schk. Fil. t. 90; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 43.
P. serraria, Sw. P. pentaphylla, Willd.
Var_—albo-lineata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5194; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 25.
Tropics and North Temperate Zone.

190 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

He

. P, serrulata, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 91; Lowe’s 5 Feme, 8

. P, heterodactyla, Reinw.; J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Pteris

Cretica, Blume.—Malayan Archipelago.

. P. umbrosa, R. Br. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 180 B; Lowe's

Ferns, 8, t. 89.—Australia.

#40; 6 minor, Moore et Houlst. Var. cristata,
Moore, Gard. Chron. (1863).—Tropies.

. P. crenata, Sw.; Burm. Fl. Zey. t. 87; Hook. Sp, Fil. 2,

t. 127 A; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 48. P. multidentata,
Wall. P. Chinensis, Hort. Ang.—Tropies.

. P. heterophylla, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t.37); Hook. Bot, Mag.

t. 4925,—Jamaica.

. P. semipinnata, Linn. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t.9; Hook. Gard.

* Ferns, t. 59. P. flabellata, Sclik. Fil. ¢ 98. P.
dimidiata, Blwme.—East Indies, China, Malayan
Archipelago.

. P. mutilata, Linn. ; (Plum. Fil. t 51); Hook. Sp. Fil.

t, 131 4. P. concinna, Hew. in Mag. of Nat. Hist.
N. Ser. (1838).—Jamaica.

Vernation fasciculate ; caudex erect, simple, rarely coespitose.

+ Fronds pinnate; pinne pinnatifid, the lower pair
more or less bipartite or pinnate,

. P. glauco-virens, Linden’s Cat. (1858) (name only).—

Tropical America.
. P. pungens, Willd. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 13)—Tropical America.

. P. felosma, J. Sm. En. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1846).—Jamaica.

P. sulcata, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 5.—Brazil.

. P, pyrophylla, Blime.—Java.

P. quadriaurita, Retz. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,¢. 134 B—EHast
Indies.

P. argyrea, Moore; Lowe’s New Ferns, t.10. P. qua-
driaurita,—var. argyrea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5188, in
part—Kast Indies.

7. BP, tricolor, “Linden, Hort. Lind. t. 12; Lowe's New

Ferns, t.9. Pteris quadriaurita,— var. tricolor, Hook
Bot. Mag. t. 5183, in part—HNast Indies.

18

19
20

21

22

23
24,

25.
26,

27

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 191

. P. aspercaulis, Wall.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 8. BP. pecti-
nata, Don,—var. rubro-nervia. PP. rubro-nervia,
Linden.— East Indies.

. P. flabellata, Thunb.—South Africa.

. P. arguta, Ait; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t.41. P.allosora, Link.
P. palustris, Poir, Mongonia palustris, Presl.—
Madeira, —

. P. Kingiana, Endl.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 46.—Norfolk

: Island.

. P. tremula, &. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 120 B; Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t. 45. P. chrysocarpa, Link.—Australia
and New Zealand.

. P. lata, Link ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 6.—Brazil.

. P. paleacea, Roxb. in Beatson’s Fl. of St. Helena, p. 349;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 186.—St. Helena.

++ Fronds tripartitely branched, deltoid, generally
quadripimnate. f
P. deflexa, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol—Tropical America.
P. decussata, J. Sm. Enum. Fil. Philipp. (1841). P.

patens, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, p. 177, t. 187.—Ceylon,
Luzon.

. P. laciniata, Willd.; Presl, Pterid. t. 5, f. 23; Hook. Sp.
Fil. 2, t. 182 B—West Indies.

28. P. Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm. Lonchitis Gheisbeghtii, Linden,

29.

30.

Cat-—Tropical America.

*** Vernation uniserial, distant, sarmentose.
+ Sarmentum slender, epigeous.

P. scaberula, A. Rich; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.93 4; Lowe's
Ferns, 4, t. 10.—New Zealand.

tt Sarmentum thick, fleshy, hypogceous.

P. aquilina, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 95 et 96; Eng. Bot
t. 1679; LIimdl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t. 44;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 88; Hook. Brit. Ferns, 38.—
Tropical and Temperate Zones of both Hemispheres.

192 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

81. P. esculenta, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 97.—Australia and
New Zealand.

97. LITOBROCHIA, Presl ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate and erect or decumbent, or uniserial
and sarmentose. Fronds smooth, pinnate or bi-tripinnate,
1-8 feet high; ultimate pinne sinuose-lobed or pinnatifid.
Veins elevated; only the lower venules anastomosing, or the

Ge us 97.— Fertile pinns, under side. No. 7.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 193

whole uniform reticulated. Receptacles marginal, transversely
continued in the axis of a linear marginal indusium, consti-
tuting a linear continuous or interrupted sorus.

* Vernation erect, caudex undefined, generally ccespitose.

Lk. denticulata, Presi. Pteris denticulata, Sw.; Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 28; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 1. Pteris
Brasiliensis, Redd. Fil. Bras. t. 68 bis.—Brazil.

2. L. leptophylla, Fée. Pteris leptophylla, Sw.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 3, t. 47; Hook. Gard. Ferns, ¢. 23. Pteris
spinulosa, Radd. Fil. Bras. t.70. Cheilanthes spinu-
losa, Link, in Hort. Berol.—Brazil.

3. L. macilenta, J. Sm. Pteris macilenta, A. Rich: Fl. Nov.
Zeal. t. 12.—New Zealand.

** Vernation subsarmentose, epigeous.

4, L. grandifolia, J. 9m. -Pteris grandifolia, Linn. (P’m.
Fil. t. 105); Sch, Fil. t. 89; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 113 B.—
Tropical America.

*&® Vernation contiguous, decumbent, hypogeous.

5. L. polita, J. Sm. Pteris polita, Link.—Brazil.

6..L. comans, Pres. Pteris comans, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t.92.—
Polynesian Islands, ; ;

7. L. macroptera, J. Sm, Pteris macroptera, Link.—Brazil.

8. L. Orizabes, J. Sm. Pteris Orizabee, Mart. et Gal. Fl.
Mew. t.18. P. apicalis, Sieb.—Mexico.

9. L. spinulifera, J. Sm. Pteris spinulifera, Schum.—

_ Tropical Western Africa. -
410. L. Kunzeana, J. Sm. Pteris Kunzeana, Agardh. ; Hook.

Sp. Fil. 2, t,189 (excl. syn. Plum.) Jamaica.

11. L. elata, Fée. Pteris elata, Agard,—Tropical America.

*##* Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform,
subarborescent.

12. L. tripartita, J. Sm. Pteris tripartita, Sw.; Hook. Sp.
Fil; t=. 188 B. ? Pterislinearis, Poir. ? Pteris inter-
media, Blume.—LHast Indies, Java.

os

194 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

13. L. podophylla, Pres! ; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 55. Pteris
podophylla, Sw. Lonchitis pedata, Linn. ; Brown,
Jam. t. 1.— West Indies.

14. L. biaurita, J. Sm. Pteris biaurita, Linn.; (Plum. Fil.
4.15); Lowe’s Ferns, 3, t. 50. Campteria biaurita,
Hook. Gen. Fil. t..65 A. Pteris nemoralis, Willd. ;
Wall. in part.—West Indies.

#eEEK Vernation uniserial, distant ; sarmentum elongating,
generally epigeous and hirsute-squamose. :
15. L. vespertilionis, Presi. Pteris vespertilionis, Labill.
Nov. Holl. t. 245; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 44.—Tropics and
South Temperate Regions.
16. L. aurita, J. Sm. Pteris aurita, Blume ; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 14.—Malay Islands.

98. DORYOPTERIS, J. Sm.; Fée.
(Pteridis sp., Auct.)
Vernation fasciculate, erect, rarely uniserial sarmentose.

Genus 98.— Portion of matare frond, upper side. No. 8

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FErns., 195

Fronds simple, cordate-hastate, palmate or bipinnate, smooth,
opaque. Veins internal, reticulated. Receptacles transverse,
marginal, continuous, in the axis of a linear, continuous
indusium.

1. D. sagittifolia, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 3, ¢ 36. Pteris
sagittifolia, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 63, f.1; Hook. Fil.
Exot, t. 39. Litobrochia sagittifolia——var. alcyonis,
Gard. Chron. 1863.—Brazil.

2. D. pedata, J. Sm. Pteris pedata, Limn. ; (Plum. Fil. t. 152) ;
Lang. et Fisch. Ic, Fil. t. 20; Schk. Fil. t.100; Radd.
Fil. Bras. t, 65, f. 3 et t. 66 .B.; Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 8247 ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 34.—Brazil.

3. D. palmata, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841). Pteris palmata,
‘Willd., var. lata, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 22.—Tropical
America.

4, D. collina, J. Sm.; Lowe's Ferns, 3, t. 38. Pteris collina,
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 65,—var. nobilis, Moore.—Tropical
America.

99. LONCHITIS, Lim.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds bi-tripin-
nate, villose, 2-6 feet long, the ultimate pinna- sinuose-pinna-

HPPA A NAMA RRR RUA

a

=
“S523

Genus 99.—Portion of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. No.1,
02

196 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tifid. Veins costzform, pinnate; venules anastomosing, forming
irregular hexagonoid areoles. Sporangia produced on the
apices of 4-5 venules, converging in the sinus of the lacinia,
forming an arcuate sorus in each sinus. Indusiwm linear,
lunulate.

1. L. Lindeniana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 2, t. 89 A—Tropical
America.

2. L. pubescens, Willd.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 68 A—
Mauritius,

Trot VIIL—BLECHNEZ.

Sort intramarginal, medial or costal, transverse oblong linear,
continuous or interrupted. Indusiwm lateral, linear, exteriorly
attached, plane or vaulted, rarely obsolete. Fronds uniform, or
the fertile contracted.

100. BLECHNUM, Linn. ; Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, caudiciform or cespitose.
Fronds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate, from a few inches to 4-6
feet high; pinnew adherent or articulated with the rachis. Veins
forked ; the sterile venules free, or their apices thickened and
forming a cartilaginous margin ; the fertile veins combined near
their base by a transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle,
constituting a linear, costal, or rarely extra-costal sorus, Indu-
siwm linear, plane.

* Anices of the venules free.
+ Sori costal. (Blechnum, Presi.)

1. B. Lanceola, Sw.; Lodd. Cab, (1592); Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 8240; Kumze, Fil. t. 57, f.1; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 970.
B. lanceolatum, Radd. Fil, Bras. t. 60, f. 3. B. tri-
foliatum, Kaulf—Brazil.

2. B. polypodioides, Radd. Fil. Brus. t. 60, f. 2; Kunze,
Fil. t. 58, f.1; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 34.—Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 197

8. B. glandulosum, Link; Kaulf. (non Kunze)-—Brazil.

4, B. cognatum, Presi. B. glandulosum, Kunze, Fil. t. 58,
f. 2.—Tropical America.

\

i

Y)

y)

(|

Genus 100.—Pinna of barren frond, Genus 100.—Fertile pinna, under
under side. No. 13. side. No. 17.

56. B. triahgulare, Link. B. triangulatum, J. Sm.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 4, t. 35.—Tropical America.

6. B. occidentale, Linn.; (Plum. Fil. t. 62); Jacq. Ic. Rar.
t. 644; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.54; Radd, Fil. Bras. t. 58;

Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t.39. B. conjugatum, Klot—Tropical
America,

198 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

7. B. gracile, Kaulf.; Lodd. Cab. t. (1905); Lowe's Ferns, 4,
t. 36.—Tropical America.

8. B. longifolium, H. B. K.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 2818; Hook.
Sp. Fil. t. 154; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t. 37.—Tropical
America.

9. B. eampylotis, J. Sm. Lomaria campylotis, Kunze.—
Tropical America.

10. B. intermedium, Link; Kunze, Fil. t. 57, f. 2.—Tropical
America,

11. B. fraxineum, Willd. B. latifolium, Moritz.—Tropical
America,

++ Sori extra-costal. (Mesothema, Presl.)

12. B. hastatum, Kawlf. Lomaria hastata, Kunze, Fil. t.55,
f. 1.—Chili.

#8 Apices of the venules thickened, forming a cartilaginous
margin. (Blechnopsis, Presi.)

+ Pinne adherent.

18. B. Brasiliense, Desv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2,t. 157. B. Cor-
covadense, Radd. Fil. Bras. t.-61.—Brazil.

14, B. striatum, RB. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 159. B. stra-
mineum, Labill—Australia and Philippine Islands.

15. B. levigatum, Cav.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 160.—New
South Wales.

16. B. cartilagineum, Sw.; Metten. Fil. Hort. Leip. t. 5;
Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t, 42.—Australia.

17. B. orientale, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 109; Hook. Huot. Fil.
t.77; Lowe's Ferns, 4, t.40. 3B. latifolium, Presl.—
East Indies, Malay Islands.

++ Pinne articulated with the rachis.

18. B. serrulatum, Rich. ; Schk. Fil.t.108; Lowe’s Ferns, 4,
4.43. B.calophyllum, Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 28.
B. angustifolium, Willd. B. stagninum, Radd. Fil.
Bras, t.62.—Tropical America,

_

AN ENUMEBATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 199

101. DOODIA, BR. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnatifid or subpinnate,
the fertile sometimes subcontracted; segments
serrate or spinulose. Veins forked, the lower
venules transversely anastomosing and sporan-
giferous. Receptacles medial, elongated, consti-
tuting one, or sometimes two, transverse rows of
oblong, straight, or arcuate sori. Indusiwm
plane.

1. D. aspera, R. Br.; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 8
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 54; Lowe’s Ferns, 4,
t. 80.—Australia,.

2. D. blechnoides, A. Cunn.; Metten. Fil.
Hort. Leip. t. 6, f. 3. D. maxima,
Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t.32; J. Sm. in Loud.
Hort. Brit Australia.

3. D. lunulata, R. Br. in Herb. Brit. Mus. ;
Lowe's Ferns, 4, ¢t. 31 B.— New
Zealand.

4. D. caudata, R. Br. ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t.25;
Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t.31.A, D. rupestris, Genus 101. —

: Fertile = pinna,
Kaulf.—Australia. under side. No.1.

5. D. linearis. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming cespi-
tose. Fronds linear, 6-10 inches long; the sterile
sinuose-pinnatifid below, subentire above; the fertile
linear, anfractose, rachiform, erect. D. caudata, var.
confluens, Hort.—New Caledonia. (C. Moore.)

6. D. dives, Kunze, Fil. t. 105.—Ceylon.

102. LOMARIA, Willd.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose, or fasciculate, erect,
caespitose, or sometimes subarboreous. Fronds simple pinna-
tifid, or pinnate, rarely bipinnatifid, 1-3 feet high, the fertile
always contracted. Veins (of the sterile frond) forked ; venules
free, their apices usually clavate; fertile segments rachiform,

200 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

veins obsolete, or more or less evident, and by their contiguity
forming a broad, transverse, continuous, sporangiferous recep-

Genus 192.—Fertile pinna, Genus 102.—Barren pinna,
under side. No. 22. No. 22, .
tacle, the sporangia becoming confluent over the whole dise of
the segment. Indusiwm linear, sub-intramarginal, vaulted and
revolute. :
* Fronds simple or pinnatifid.

1. G Patersoni, Spreng. ; Kunze, Fil. t.34; Hook. Fil. Exot
t. 49; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 50, Stegania Patersoni,.
R. Br—Australia.

2. E. lanceolata, Spreng. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t.429; Lowe's Ferns,
4, t 61. Stegania lanceolata, R. Br.— Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand, South America,

eo

9.

10.

‘11.

12.

18:

14.

15.

16.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 201

L. blechnoides, Bory ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 8, p. 11.—Chili.
L. L’Herminiori, Bory ; Kunze, Fil. t. 73; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t.40; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 63.—Tropical America.

L. nuda, Willd.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, ¢. 51. Onoclea nuda,
Labiil. Nov. Holl. t. 246. Siegenta nuda, Rk. Br.—
Tasmania.

. L. discolor, Willd. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 65. Hemionitis

discolor, Schk. Fil. t. 6.—New Zealand.

L. vulcanica, Blume ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 969; Hook. Sp. Fil.
3, p. 12.—Java, Fiji and South Pacific Islands, Tas-
mania, New Zealand.

L. attenuata, Willd. Onoclea attenuata, Sw. Blechnum
attenuatum, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 3, f. 1-6.—
Brazil.

L. elongata, Blwne. Lomaria Colensoi, Hook. fil. Ie.
Pl, t, 627-628 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p.3.—New Zealand.

L. onocleoides, Spreng. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.146. Blechnum
onocleoides, Sw.— West Indies and Tropical America.

L. gibba, Labill. Sert. Aust. Caled. t. 4-5.—New Caledonia.

L. alpina, Spreng.; Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. t.150; Hook.
Fil. Huot. t. 32; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 52. Stegania
alpina, R. Br. Lomaria antarctica, Carm.—Tasmania,
New Zealand, Magellan, H.

L. Spicant, Desy. Osmunda Spicant, Zinn. Blechnum
Spicant, Sw.; Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print. Ferns,
t, 43. Blechnum boreale, Sw. ; Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 1159 ;
Schk. Fil. t. 110; Hook. Brit, Ferns, t. 40. —Enurope,
Madeira, North Arnerives,

L. Banksii, Hook. fil. Fl. Nov. Zeal. t. 76.—New Zealand,

** Fronds pinnate.

L. nigra, Col. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 960; Hook. Sp. Fi. 3,
p. 35.—New Zealand.

L. fluviatilis, Spr.; Hook. fil. Fl. ¢. 167. _Stegania
fluviatilis, R. Br. Lomaria rotundifolia, Raoul, Pl.
Nov. Zel. t. 2 B.—Tasmania and New Zealand.

202 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

17.

18.

19.
20.
21.

22.

23.

24,

25.
26.

27.

L. australis, Link. Blechnum australe, Linn.; Schk. Fil.
t.110 B; Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 3, f. 7. Lomaria
pumila, Kawlf—South Africa.

L. punctulata, Kunze ; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t.53. Blechnum
punctulatum, Sw.; Schlecht. Adwmb. t. 21, 22, f. 2,
—/3 Krebsii, J. Sm. Scolopendrium Krebsii, Kunze,
Fil. t. 74; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4768; J. Sm. Cat. Oult.
Ferns, Ist Ed. p. 49 (abnormal form). Lomaria
Australis, Lowe’s. Ferns, 4, t. 57,58. Lomaria densa,
Kaulf—South. Africa.

L, Gilliesii, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 207.—Chili.

L. minor, Spreng.—Tasmania.

L. procera, Spreng. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 127,128; Hook. fil.
Fil. Nov. Zel. t.75. Osmunda procera, Forst. Blech-

num procerum, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 247—Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand, Polynesia.

L. Capensis, Willd. Onoclea Capensis, Zinn. Blechnum
Capense, Schlecht. Adumb. t. 18.—South Africa.

L. gigantea, Kaulf.; Schlecht. Adumb. t. 20-22, f. 1—
South Africa.

L. striata, Willd. Onoclea striata, Sw. Lomaria Chi-
lensis, Kaulf; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.64.B. 1. tuberculata,
J. Sm. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew (1856).—Tropical America.

L. eycadifolia, Linden (Colla).—Chili.

L. Boryana, Willd. Onoclea Boryana, Sw. Pteris
osmundoides, Bory, Itin. 2, ¢t. 32. L. Magellanica,
Desv.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 52. L. robusta, Carm.
L. zamioides, Gardn. IL. cinnamomea, Kaulf. L.
setigera, Gaud. LL. obtusifolia, Presl. Blechnum
(Lomaria) Boryana, Schlecht. Adumb. t.19.—Bourbon,
South Africa, Brazil, Tierra del Fuego.

*** Fronds bipinnatifid.
L. Fraseri, 4. Guni.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t.185.—New Zealand.

AN ENUMERATION. OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 203

103. BRAINEA, J. Sm.
(Bowringia,, Hook. non Champ.)

Vernation fasciculate, erect ; caudex arboreous,, 2-4 feet high.
Fronds pinnate, rarely sub-bipinnate, 1-33 feet long; pinnz
linear-lanceolate, 4-6 inches long, subsessile, base truncate

Genus 103.—Fertile pinna, Genus 103,—Barren pinna,
under side. No. 1. under side. No.1.

above, auriculated below, margin crenate-serrulate. Veins

flabellately forked, free exteriorly ; the lower venules angularly

anastomosing, forming a costal row of oblique, cuneiform

areoles. Sporangia produced on the transverse anastomoses

204 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

and bases of the free venules, confluent, constituting a broad,

continuous or sub-interrupted, transverse, naked sorus.

1. B. insignis, J. Sm. Cat. Fil. Hort. Kew (1856); Lowe’s
Ferns, 4,¢.49. Bowringia insignis, Hook. Jowrn. Bot.
and Kew Miscell. v. 5, t. 2. Hong-kong and Khasia,
Hast Indies.

104. WOODWARDIA, Sm.
Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnatifid, 4-6

'

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 205

feet long. Veins reticulated, or the exterior venules free; the
costal anastomoses transverse, elongated, and sporangiferous.
Receptacles elongated, medial, constituting a costal row of
oblong, linear, contiguous sori. Sporangia immersed. Indu-
sium vaulted, revolute.

1. W. radicans, Sm.; Schk. Fil. t. 112; Hook. Gen. Fil. 4.17;
Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 44. Blechnum radicans, Linn.
Woodwardia stans, Sw. 8 confluens. Woodwardia
confluens, Horf.— South Europe, North India,
Madeira, California.

2. W. orientalis, Sw. W.
Fortunei, Hort. Angl.
—Japan and China.

3. W. Japonica, Sw. Blech-
num Japonicum,
Tinn.; Thunb. Fi.
Jap. t. 35. — Japan
and China,

105. ANCHISTEA, Presl.

Vernation uniserial; sar-
mentum hypogzous. Fronds
bipinnatifid, 1-2 feet high.
Veins flabellately forked, free
exteriorly ; the lower venules
transversely anastomosing and
sporangiferous. Receptacles
elongated, medial. Sort oblong,
contiguous, in a continuous
costal row. Indusiwm linear,
plane
1. A. Virginica, Presl.

Blechnum Virgini-
cum, Linn. Wood-
wardia Virginica, Sm.;
Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips.t.6,f.1,2; Lowe's:
lai ae Genus inh. -Rerale pins, under side.

206

Genus 105.— Pinna of barren frond. No. 1.

s

Vernation uniserial, sarmentum hypogzous.
Fronds distant, sinuose-pinnatifid or subpinnate,
1-1} foot high, the fertile contracted. Veins
of the sterile frond uniform reticulated ; fertile
segments rachiform, costal anastomoses trans-
sporangiferous. Receptacles

Sori linear, contiguous, in

verse-elongated,
elongated ,medial.

107. LORINSERIA, Presi; Fée.

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

106. ONOCLEA, L.

Vernation uniserial, distant ;
sarmentum hypogeous. Sterile

A fronds sub-bipinnatifid; veins

reticulated. Fertile fronds
bipinnate ; veins free; pinnules
contracted, sessile; margins
conniving, forming unilateral
spikes (pimne) of globose, bac-
ciform segments, each com-
pactly filled with sporangia,
which rise from four to six
punctiform, medial receptacles.
Special indusium lateral, very
membranous.

1. O. sensibilis, Lin. ; Schk.
: Fil. t. 102 ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t.82 ; Lowe's
Ferns, 6, #. 1. Ono-
clea obtusiloba, Schk.
Fil. t. 108, — North

America.

a costal row. Indusiwm vaulted, involute, be- Genus 107.—Barren

coming reflexed.

pinoa, under side.
No, 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 207

1, 1. L. areolata, Presl. Acrostichum areolatum, Linn. Wood-
wardia areolata, Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 46. Woodwardia
angustifolia, Sm. ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 6, f. 6, 7.
Woodwardia onocleoides, Willd. W. Floridana, Schk.
Fil. ¢.111.—North America. T.

108. STENOCHLANA, J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant; sarmentum elongated, scandent,

)

hey
yy

cc

Genus 108.— Barren pinna. No. 3. Genus 108.—Portion of
fertile frond, natural size.
No. 1.

208 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

smooth. Fronds of two forms, 2-8 feet long, the sterile pinnate,
the fertile contracted, pinnate or bipinnate; pinne articulated
with the rachis. Veins rising from an obscure, transverse vein
continuous with, and close to, the costa; venules direct, their
apices clavate, united, forming a pellucid, cartilaginous, spinulose
margin; fertile segments linear, rachiform, margin membrana-
ceous, revolute, indusiform. Sporangiferous receptacle linear,
continuous; sporangia confluent.
* Fertile fronds pinnate.

1. S. heteromorpha, J. Sm. Stenochlena heteromorpha,
J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841). Lomaria filiformis, A. Cunn. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3,t.149. Lomaria propinqua, A. Cunn.
—wNew Zealand. ‘

2. 8. scandens, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 105 B. Acro-
stichum scandens, Linn. Onoclea scandens, Jinn.
Herb.; Schk. Fil. t.106. Lomaria scandens, Willd.—
East Indies and Malayan Islands.

** Fertile fronds bipinnate.

8. S. Meyeriana, J. Sm.; Lowe’s Ferns, 4, t. 47, 48. Lo-
maria Meyeriana, Kunze. Lomariobotrys Meyeriaua,
Fée. Stenochlena tenuifolia, T. Moore. ? Lomaria
tenuifolia, Desv. Stenochlana scandens, Hort. <Acro-
stichum Meyerianum, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 16.—
South Africa.

109. SALPICHLANA, J. Sm.
Vernation subfasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnate,

TED

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Genus 109.—Portion of barren and fertile pinna, naturel size. No. Le

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 209

flexuose, climbing to an indefinite height ; pinnse 1-2 feet long,
adherent. Veins forked; venules combined by a transverse
marginal vein, and in the fertile also near their base by a
transverse, continuous, sporangiferous receptacle, forming a
linear costal sorus. Indusiwm revolute, vaulted, cylindrical,
sporangiferous along its base.

1. S. volubile, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Pi. #. 93. Blechnum
volubile, Kawlf.; Kunze, Anal. ¢ 13; Hook. Gard.
Ferns,t.15. Blechnum scandens, Bory, 4 in Dup. Voy.
t. 86.—Tropical America,

Triss IX.—_ASPLENIE A.

Sori oblong or linear, oblique to the midrib or axis of vena-
tion, Furnished with a plane or vaulted lateral indusiwm.

110. ASPLENIUM, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely uniserial
sarmentose. Fronds varying from simple-entire to decompound
and from a few inches to 2-6 feet high, generally smooth
Veins rayed, forked, or pinnate; venules free, sporangiferous cn
the superior side., Sori simple, oblong, or linear, Indusiuin
plane or vaulted.

§ 1. AspLenium verum.—Indusiwm piane,
1. Lancewm group.

Vernation wniserial, sarmentum slender. Fronds distant,
linear-lanceolate, 1-14 foot long. ae siinple, anti or opposite
binate. (Triblemma.)

1. A. lanceum, Thunb. Ie, Plant. Jap. Dec, 11, t. 18. A. subsi-
nuatum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 27. Diplazium Jan-
ceum, Presi. Scolopendrium dubium, Don,—Inuia,
China, Japan,

2. Serratum group.

Vernation fascieulate, erect. Fronds simple, broad, elliptical,
or lanceolate, 1-2 feet long. (Phyllitis.)

2, A. sorratum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 124); Schk. Fil, t. 64;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 70.—Tropical America,
P

210 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

3. A.erenulatum, Presi. A. Nidus, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 58
(non Linn.). A. Brasiliense, Hort. (non Sw.) ; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t.14 B—Tropical America.

“ A. sinuatum, Beawv. Fl. d’Oware, 2, t.79; Hook. Fil. Exot.
t, 16.— West Tropical Africa.

Genus 110.—Fertile pinna, underside. No. 69.

5. A. stipitatum, J. Sm. Neotopteris stipitata, J. Sm. Cat.
Cult, Ferns (1857). Asplenium squamulatum, var. 3
Smithii, Hook. Sp. Fil. p. 83.—East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 211

3. Palmatum group.
Vernation decumbent, subfasciculate. Fronds palmately lobed.

6. A. Hemionitis, Linn.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4911. A. pal-
matum, Lam.; Schk. Fil. t. 66; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 868 ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 6, (3 var. cristata, Gard. Chron.
(Jany. 1865), Garden Sport.——South Europe, North
Africa, Madeira.

4, Trichomanes group.

Vernation fasciculate, generally becoming cespitose. Fronds
pinnate, rarely pinnatifid only, linear, 3-12 inches long; pinne
short, often dimidiate, with the costa excentric. (Asplenium
verum.)

a. Fronds pimnatifid.

7. A. alternans, Wall.; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 88. A. Dal-
housize, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 105.—Hast Indies.

b. Fronds pinnate.

8. A. Trichomanes, Linn.; Bolt. Fil. t. 18; Eng. Bot. t.576;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 30; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit,
Ferns, t. 39; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, ¢. 22. A. anceps,
Soland. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 195. A. melano-
caulon, Willd,

Var. incisum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 89 D, EH; Schk. Fil. t. 74, f.

Var. cristatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 39 H.

Var. depauperatum, Wollast. ; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t.39 C.

Var. multifidum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 89 G.

Var. ramosum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 39 F.

Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North India, Australia,
North America.
P2

212 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

9. A. ebeneum, Ait.; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.5; Lowe's Frvvs, 5,
#.2. A. polypodioides, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.73.—North
America.

10. A. monantbemum, Linn.; Sm. Ic. ined. t. 73; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t.1700; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 9, f. 7,8;
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t.1 A—Tropical and Sub-tropical
America, South Africa, Madeira.

11. A. Petrarchee, De Cand.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 152;
Lowe’s Ferns, t. 5, 38 A, and var. lata, 38 B—South
of Europe.

12. A, formosum, Willd.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 16; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t.43 B. A. subalatum, Hook. et Arn. Beech
Voy. t. 71.—Tropical America.

13. A. Brasiliense, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 51,f.1. A. dimidiatum,
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 13 A.—Tropical America.

14, A. tenellum, Roxb. in Beat. St. Helena. A. reclinatum,
Moore et Houlst.; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t=. 138 B; J. Sm.
Cat. (1857). A. erectum,—var. proliferam, Hook. Fil.
Eeot. t. 72. <A. radicans, Prit. Cat. St. Helena, Pl.—
St. Helena. T.

15. A. erectum, Bory, in Willd. Schlecht. Adum. t.15. A.
dentax, Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 43 A—lIslands of the
Indian Ocean, South Africa.

5. Auriculatum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, cespitose. Fronds pinnate;
pinwe 1-2 inches in length, generally having a more or less
evident lobe or auricle on the superior edge of their base.
(Asplenium verum.)

16. A. hastatum, Klotzsch. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, £172. A. fra-
grans, Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 88. A. odoratum, Moore—
Venezuela.

17. A. salicifolium, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 60); Radd. Fil.
Bras, t, 50.—Tropical America, West Indies.

18. A. compressum, Sw.; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 76; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t=. 16. <A. foecundum, Kunz.—St. Helena.

19. A. obtusifolium, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 67); Hook. et Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 289.— West Indies.

}

,

?

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 213

20, A. marinum, Linn. ; Eng. Bot. t. 892; Schk. Fil. t. 68;
Hook. #1. Lond.4,t.60; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t. 38; Sowerby’s Ferns, t.29; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 23;
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t.31. A. letum, Hort.; Lowe’s
. Ferns, 5, t. 21 A (not of Sw.).—Europe, Madeira.

Var. arcutum, Moore.
Var. crenatum, Moore; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 88 G.
Var. trapeziforme, Huds.
Var. ramosum, Wollast.; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 38 H. :
Var. subpinnatum, Moore.—Europe, Madeira.
21. A.elongatum, Sw. Asplenium productum, Presi, Relig.
Henk. t. 8, f.1.—Ceylon.
22. A. firmum, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t.174, A. cultri-
folium, Hort—Tropical America.
23. A. pumilum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 66 A); Lowe’s Ferns, 5,
t. 81 B.—Tropical America.
24. A,dentatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil.t.101,f. C); Hook. et Grev
Ic. Fil. t. 72.— West Indies.

25. A. pulchellum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 52, f. 2. 6B Otites,
Metten. Asplenium Otites, Link. ; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Tips. t.9, f.1-4. A. pulchellum, Hort. ; Lowe’s Ferns,
5, t. 31 A.— Brazil.

23. A. alatum, Hwmb.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 187; Lowe's
New Ferns, t, 12 B.—Tropical America.

6. Lucidum group.

‘Fronds pinnate ; pinne generally oblique, cuneiform at the
base. (Asplenium verum.)

27. A. lucidum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 72; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Inps. t. 13, f. 12.—New Zealand.

28. A. heterodon, Blume; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t/8, f.1-2 ;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 3.—Java.

29, A. gemmiferum, Schrad. <A. lucidum, Schlecht. Fil.
t. 14 A—South Africa,

214 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

30. A. emarginatum, Beaw. Fl. d’Oware, 2, t. 61; Hook.
Qnd Cent. Ferns, t. 78 (letterpress 80).—West Africa.

31. A, obtusatum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 68; Labill. Nov. Holl.
t. 242, f.2; B. difforme, J. Sm.; Hook, Fil. Exot.
#46; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,¢.5 B. A. difforme, RB. Br.
Aspleniam consimile, Remy, in Gay. Chil.—Chili,
Tasmania, New Zealand.

32. A. obliquum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 71; Labill. Nov. Holl.
t. 242, f. 1—Polynesia.

33. A. oligophyllum, Kaulf.—Brazil.

7. Flaccidum group.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect. Fronds pinnate,
bipinnate, or decompound ; segments bifidly laciniated ; lacinie
unisorous or linear. (Darea of Willd. Cznopteris, Berg.)

34. A. brachypteron, Kunze; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 44; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 15 B.—Sierra Leone.

35, A. prolongatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 209; 2nd Cent
Ferns, t. 42.—Ceylon. ~

36. A. ruteefolium, Presl. Darea rutzfolia, Sm. — South
Africa.

37. A. lineatum, Sw. a. Fronds simply pinnate. A. plu-
mosum, Bory ; 3. bipinnatam ; fronds bipinnatifid or
bipinnate. Darea inequalis, Willd. Asplenium in-
eequale, Kunze. Darea bifida, Kaulf. A. bifidum,
Presl.; J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).—Mauritius.

88. A. Belangeri, Kunze; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.41; Metten. Fil.
Hort. Lips. t. 13, f. 1-2; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 5 A.
Darea Belangeri, Bory. Asplenium scandens, Hort.
Asplenium Veitchianum, Moore.—Java.

39. A. flaccidum, Forst. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t.19. Ceenopteris
flaccida, Thunb.; Schk. Fil. t. 82. Czenopteris
Odontites, Thunb.; Sw. Asplenium Odontites,
R. Br. Cznopteris Novee-Zelandie, Spreng. ; Schk.
Fil. t, 82.—New Zealand and Tasmania,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 215

40. A. bulbiferum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 79; Hook. Ic. Pl.
t, 423; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 18, f.10-11; Lowe’s

Ferns, 5, t. 11—New Zealand.
41. A. Fabianum, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. t. 3, bis. Caenopteris
, Fabiana, Bory. Asplenium foeniculaceum, Hort.
(non H. et B.).—Mauritius, Australia, Pacific Islands,

42, A. appendiculatum, Labill.; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 18.
Ceenopteris appendiculata, Labill. Nov. Holl. 2,
é. 243. Asplenium laxum, R. Br.; Hombr. et Jacq.
Voy. t. 3, f. 1—Australia, Tasmania.

43, A. Richardi, Hook. fil. Nov. Zeal. A. adiantoides,—
var. Richardi, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic. Plant.t. 977. A.
adiantoides,—var. Colensoi, Hook. fil. in Hook. Ic.
Plant. 984. A. Colensoi, Hook. fil—New Zealand.

44. A. Hookerianum, Colenso. A. adiantoides, Raoul. (non
Radd.). A. adiantoides,—var. minus, Hook. fil. in
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 983.—New Zealand.

45. A. dimorphum, Kunze; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 36.
A. diversifolium, A. Cunn. (non Blume); Lowe's Ferns
5, t. 17.—Norfolk Island.

46. A. viviparum, Pres! ; Hook. Fil. Huot. t.64; Lowe's Ferns,
4.9. Ceenopteris vivipara, Sw.— Mauritius.

8. Rhizophorum group.

Vernation fasciculate, coespitose, or erect and solitary. Fronds
pinnate or bi-tripimnate, the apex often long, caudate, flagelliform
and viviparous ; segments small, unisorous. (Darea, Willd.)

47. A. viride, Huds.; Schk. Fil. t. 73; Eng. Bot. t, 2257;
Tindl. and Moore’s Brit. Feins, t. 40; Sowerby’s
Ferns,t.31; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 30 ;—var. multifidum
Moore; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferus. t. 400.—
Europe, North India. T.

48, A. fontanum, Bernh.; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
4.85 .A; Hook, Brit. Ferns, t. 34; Sowerby’s Ferns
t. 26. Polypodium fontanum, Linn. Aspidium fon-
tanum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 53; Hng. Bot. t. 2024.
Aspidium Halleri, Willd. Asplenium Halleri, Spreng.
f refractum. Asplenium refractum, Moore, Nat.
Print. Ferns, sub t. 85 A; Lowe’s Ferns, t. 35 A.—
Europe, North India. T.

216 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

49. A, flabellifolium, Cav.; Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 3, f. 2; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t.1567; Hook. Ex. Fl. t.208; Lowe’s Ferns,
5, t. 1 B.— Australia, Tasmania.

50. A. obtusilobum, Hook. Ic. Plant. 1000.—Fiji Islands.

51. A. cicutarium, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 48 A); Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 6; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 18, f. 3-9; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t. 20. Darea cicutaria, Sm. Asplenium
dissectum, Link.—Tropical America.

52. A. myriophyllum, Presl, Relig. Henk. Czenopteris
myriophylla, Sw. A. cicutarium, J. Sm. Cat. (1857);
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 201 (non Linn.)—West Indies,
Tropical America.

_ 63. A. divaricatum, Kunze; Schk. Fil. Supp. t. 189. A.
flabellulatum, Hort.—Peru.

54, A. rhizophorum, Linn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t.187 A. A.
radicans, Sw.; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 12 B—a. var. bipin-
natum, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 C, 6. A. cyrtopteron,
Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 187 B; Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. t. 10, f. 3-4.—Venezuela and Jamaica.-

55. A.cirrhatum, Rich.; Willd. -A. Karstenianum, Klot. A.
comptum, Moore et Houlst——Tropical America.

56. A. rachirhizon, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 56; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,
t, 84.—Tropical America.

67. A. pinnatifidum, Nutt.; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 972; Metten.
Fil. Hort. Lips.t.10, f. 1,2; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 4 B.
—United States.

9. Adiantum nigrum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds bi-tripinnate ;
ultimate segments or laciniw with two or more sori. (Tarachea,
Presi.)

58, A, Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. ; Bolt. Fil. 4.17; Schk. Fil.
t. 80; Eng. Bot. t. 1950; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 36; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 28; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 28-33 ; Lowe’s Ferns, t.25.—Europe, South
Africa, Madeira, North India, ~

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 217

59. A. lanceolatum, Huds.; Eng. Bot. t. 240; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t.35 B; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 27 ;
Lowe's Ferns, t. 26; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 32 ;—var.
microdon, Moore; Lowe's New Ferns, & 11 B—
Europe.

69. A. acutum, Bory. A. adiantum-nigram,—var. acutum,
Lindl, and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 37. A. pro-
ductum, R. T. Lowe—South Europe, Madeira.

61, A. auritum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 180 B; Lowe's Ferns, 5,
t. 32.—Tropical America.

62. A. dispersum, Kunze ; Metten. Ful. Hort. Ips. t. 9, f. 5, 6:
A. bipartitum, Dink. A. bissectum, Hort—Tropical
America.

63. A. macilentum, Kunze. A. auritum,—var. obtusum,

Kunze ; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 8, f. 3-6.—Tropical
America.

64, A. fragrans, Sw. (non Hook.). A. planicaule, Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, t. 10 (non Wall.)—Jamaica.

65. A. Mexicanum, Mari. et Gal. Fil. Mex, t. 15, f. 4. A
fooniculaceum, J. Sm. Cat. (1857) (non H. et B.).—
Mexico.

10. Falcatum group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, or decumbent, Fronds pinnate ;
pinne 1-6 inches long, lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate or sub-
deltoid, entire, serrated, or erosely laciniuted ; angle of venation
yenerally acute with the cost. (Tarachia, Presi.)

65. A, attenuatum, R. Br.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. f. 220;
Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 914; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 35 B.—
New South Wales, Queensland. ©

67. A. longissimum, Blume; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t.190.—Java,
Malacca, Mauritius.

68. A. nitens, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3,195. A. macriophyllum,
J. Sm, Cat, (1857) (non Sw.) ; Lowe’s Ferns, 6, t. 42.—~
Mauritius.

69, A. serra, Lang. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. t. 19 ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,
t. 8.— Brazil,

218 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

70. A. polyodon, Forst.; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 33 B.—New
Zealand.

71. A. faleatum, Lam. Trichomanes adiantoides, Linn. ;
Burm. Fl. Zey. t. 43.—Tropics.

72. A. caudatum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 77; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,
t. 44.—Polynesia.

73. A. paleaceum, R. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 199.—Tropical
North-east Australia.

11. Erosum group.

Vernation fasciculate, generally cespitose, rarely subsarmen-
tose. Fronds bi-tripinnate, decompound, rarely linear or simply
forked ; segments rarely otherwise than cuneiform, with erose
apices. Venation often flabellate, the costa being obsolete or
evanescent. (Larachia, Presl.)

74. A. septentrionale, Schk. Fil. t. 65; Hng. Bot. t. 1017;
Lindl. and Moore's Brit. Ferns, t.41 C; Sowerby's
Ferns, t. 34; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 3 A; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 26. Acrostichum septentrionale, Linn. ;
Bolt. Fil. 4 8. Acropteris septentrionalis, Link
(1833). Amesium septentrionale, Newm.—Europe,
North India. T.

75. A. Germanicum, Weis. ; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns,
t.41 B; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t.27. A. alternifolium,
Wulf. Jacq. Mise. t. 5, f. 2; J. Sm. Cat. Ferns (1857) ;
Eng. Bot. t. 2259; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 33. A. Breynii,
Retz. ; Schk. Fil. t. 81—Europe. T.

76. A. Seelosii, Leibold. Flora (1855), t.15; Hook. 2nd Cent.
Ferns, t. 26; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, p. 175. — South
Tyrol. T.

77. A. Ruta-muraria, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 80 B; Eng. Bot.
€. 150; Bolt. Fil. t.16; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 830; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t. 27; Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t.41 A;
Sowerby’s Ferns, t.32; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 28 ;—var.
elatum, Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, oct. edit. t. 79, f.D.
—Europe, North India.

78 A. cuneatum, Sloan. Jam. 1, t. 46, f. 2; Schk. Fil. t.78.—

Jamaica.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 219

79. A. premorsum, Sw. A. laceratum, Desy. A.cuneatum,
Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 189; 8 Canariense. A. Cana-
riense, Willd.; Webb. Phyt. Canar. 3, t. 251; Lowe's
Ferns, 5, t, 25, f. 1-2-8. A. Maderense, Penny.—
Mauritius, Tropical America, Madeira.

80. A. furcatum, Thunb. ; Schk. Fil. t.79. A. preemorsum,
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 7—South Africa, India, Madeira.

81. A. laserpitiifolium, Lam.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 3, t. 208;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 13.—Malay Islands.

82. A. dimidiatum, Sw. <A. zamiefolium, Lodd. Bot. Cab.
4,852; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 83 A; J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns (1857) (non Willd.)—West Indies, Venezuela.

83. A.contiguum, Kauilf. ; Hook, Sp. Fil. 3, t. 194.—Ceylon.

84. A. erosum, Linn.; Hook. Sp, Fil. 3, t. 198.—West
Indies.

85. A. nitidum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 81; Lowe's New Ferns,
#. 18.—South Africa, Hast Indies.

12. Actiniopteris group.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds stipitate, flabellate, 6-8
inches high, rigid; segments limear-rachiform. Veins radiating
and dichotomous,

86. A. radiatum, Sw.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 9756. Acropteris
radiata, Fée. Actiniopteris radiata, Link ; Hook.
Sp. Fil. 3, p. 275.—India, Ceylon.

§ 2. Athyrie (Athyrium, Roth),—Indusium vaulted.

87. A. Filix-foomina, Bernh. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t.35. Poly-
podium Filix-foomina, Linn. Aspidium Filix-foemina,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 58, 59; Eng. Bot. t. 282. Athyrium
Filix-foomina, Roth; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 25; Lindl.
and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t.30;— var. rheticum, Lindl.
and Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 31 A. Polypodium
rheticum, Linnean Herb.

Var. latifolium, Lindl. and Moore, Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 31 B.

220 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

83

89

90.

Var. marinum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. -Print.
Ferns, t. 31 C.

Var. polydactylon, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print.
Ferns, under t. 30.

Var. multifidum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 33.

Var. depauperatum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print.
Ferns, t. 34 B.

Var. crispum, Lindl. and Moore’s Nat. Print. Ferns,
t.34 4, A. (Filix-foemina), Hort.

Var. corymbiferum, Moore, Hand-bk. Brit. Ferns,
p. 145.

Var. Victoriz, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864).
—Temperate Regions of Northern Hemisphere.

. A. Michauxii, Spreng.; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,t. 37. Nephro-
dium Filix-foemina, Michz. Aspidium angustum,
Willd. Asplenium Athyrium, Spreng.; Schk. Fil.
t. 78. Nephrodium asplenoides, Micha, — North
America,

. A. eburneum, J. Sm. Aspidium eburneum, Wall. Cat.
389. Lastrea eburnea, Cat. Hort. Kew, (1846).
Polypodium oxyphyllum, Wall. Cat, 324. Athyrium
oxyphyllum, Jfoore.—Nepal.

A. denticuiatum, J. Sm. Allantodia denticulata, Wall.
Asplenium setulosum, Hort. Asplenium strigillosum,
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t.36. Athyrium tenuifrons, Moore.—
Nepal.

. A. macrocarpum, Blume, in Herb. Athyrium foliolosum,

Moore.—Java and Ceylon.

A. Ceylonense, Klot. Athyrium Ceylonense, Moore.—
Ceylon.

. A. umbrosum, J. 8m. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t.1. Polypodiam

umbrosum, Ait. Aspidium umbrosum, Sw.; Schk.
Fil. ¢. 61. Allantodia umbrosa, R. Br.— Madeira.

. A, axillare, Webb. Polypodium axillare, Ait. Aspidium

axillare, Sw. Allantodia axillaris, Kaulf—Madeira.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 221

$5. A. Brownii, J. Sm.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 978, Allantodia
Australis, R. Br. Athyrium Australe, Presi ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 16.— Australia.

96. A. decurtatum, Link; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 12,
f. 17, 18. A. pubescens, Howlst. and Moore.—
Brazil.

111. DIPLAZIUM, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds simple,
pinnate, or bi-tripinnate, 1-5 feet high. Veins torked or pinnate;

Genus 111.—Portion of fertile frond, under side. No. 1.

venules free, sporangiferous on both sides, constituting binate,
linear sori. Indusium plane, binate.

* Vernation erect.
+ Fronds simple.

1. D. plantagineum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 85; Lodd. Bot. Cab.
1588; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t.46. Asplenium plantagineum,
Linn. Diplazium acuminatum, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 57,
f. 2.—Tropical America.

222 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tt Fronds pinnatifid.

. D. Zeylanicum, J. Sm. Asplenium (Endiplazinm)
Zeylanicum, Hook. Sp. Fil.3, p. 237; Hook. 2nd Cent.
Ferns, t. 16.—Ceylon.

wo

ttt Fronds pinnate.

D. grandifolium, Sw.—Tropical America.

D. juglandifolium, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t. 85; Hook. Fil. Exot.
4.100. Asplenium juglandifolium, Lam.—Jamaica
and Venezuela.

5. D. alternifolium, Blume ; Hook. Fil. Euot.t.17. Asple-

nium alternifolium, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 12,

f.1-2 Diplazium integrifolium, J. Sm. Cat. (1857) ;

in Herb. ; J. Sm.—Java.

eo

Ht Fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate,

6. D. Shepherdi, Link. Asplenium Shepherdi, Hort. Dipla-
zium ambiguum, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 47.—West Indies.

. D. coarctatum, Link. D.Shepherdi, Presl.—Brazil.

8. D. striatum, Presl ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t. 48. Asplenium
striatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 18, 19).— Tropical

nN

America.

9. D. expansum, Willd. D. subalatum, Hew. — Tropical
America.

10. D. diversifolium, Wall. Herb. (fide spec. in Herb. J. Sm.).
—Kast Indies.

11. D.conchatum, J. Sm. Athyrium conchatum, Fée, Gen.
Fil. t.17 C, f. 1. Hypochlamys pectinata, Fée, Gen.
Fil. t.17 C, f. 3. Diplazium brevisorum, J. Sm.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) (non J. Sm. Enum. Fil.
Philipp.) Jamaica, St. Domingo.

12. D. polypodioides, Blume. D. marginatum, Hort.
Asplenium polypodioides, Metten. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.—
East Indies, Malayan and Pacific Islands.

13. D. Klotzschii, Moore. Aspleniam Klotzschii, Metten.
Lotzea diplazioides, Klot.et Karst.—Tropical America.

14.

15.
16.
17.
18.

19.

20.

21,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 223

D. costale, Presi. Asplenium costale, Sw. Diplazium
fabeefolium, J. Sm. Ms. in Herb.— West Indies.

“*& Vernation decumbent.

D. sylvaticum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 85 B; Lowe’s Ferns,
5, t. 49. Callipteris sylvatica, Bory. Anisogonium
sylvaticum, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 B. Asplenium
acuminatum, Wall. Diplazium acuminatum, Presl ;
J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).—East Indies.

D. dilatatum, Blwme.—East Indies, Malayan -Islands.

D. arborescens, Sw.; J. Sm. Oat. Fil. Hort. Kew. (1856).
Asplenium arborescens, Metten, Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 18,
f. 19, 20.— St. Helena.

D. decussatum, J. Sm. ; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 50. Asple-
nium decussatum, Wall. D. Lasiopteris, Kunze.—
East Indies.

D. Thwaitesii, J. Sm. Asplentum Thwaitesii, A. Br. ;
Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 45,—Ceylon.

D. thelypteroides, Presi ; Lowe’s Ferns, 5,t.51. Asple-
nium thelypteroides, Michw.; Schk. Fil. t. 76 B—
North America. T.

++ Fronds deltoid, decompound.

D. Franconis, Lieb. Asplenium Franconis, Metten. Asplen.
p. 66, t. 5, f. 30.—Mexico, Jamaica.

112. SCOLOPENDRIUM, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple entire, lobed, or

pinnate; frequently abnormally forked, plain, undulate, or with
a comose, crested apex; from 6 inches to 2-3 feet long. Veins.
forked; venules free, the superior and inferior branch of each
fascicle contiguous, parallel, and sporangiferous on their proxi-
mate sides, constituting two linear, confluent sori, each furnished
with a linear indusium, the free margins of which connive.

224 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. 8. vulgare, Sm.; Eng. Bot. t. 1150; Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 40; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 35; Lowe’s
Ferns, 5, 4.55; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 37. 58. offici-
narum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.83; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.57 B.
Asplenium Scolopendrium, Linn.— Europe, Madeira.

Genus 112.—Portion of mature frond, under side. No.1.

Var. polyschides, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f. 2.

Var. eornutum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c.

Var. marginatum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f.3.

Var. crispum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f. 4

Var. multifidum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c.

Var. laceratum, Lindl. and Moore, l. c. t. 42, f. 10.

Var, incisam (Roth); Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 30.

Var. plumosum (Moore) ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 14-

Var, marinum (Moore); Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 31 C.

Var. latifolium (Bab.); Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 31 B.

Var. dissectum (Wollast.); Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 34 C.

Var. ovatam (Roth); Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 32.

Var. rheticum (Linn.); Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 31 A.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED Ferns. 225

Var. Fieldie (Moore); Gard. Chron. (1861),
p. 1046, f. c.

Var. Frizellie (Moore); Gard. Chron. (1861),
p. 1046, f. ¢.

Var. corymbiferum (Moore); Lowe's New Ferns,
t. 15.

Var. acrocladon (Clapham); Lowe's New Ferns,
t. 40.

Var. multifidum (Moore); Lindl. and Moore’s Brit.
Ferns, t. 33.

Var, depauperatum (Moore); Lindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 34 B.

—Europe, Madeira,

113. NEOTTOPTERIS, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple, linear or broad
elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, 1-4 feet long by 2-8 inches wide.

Genus 113.—Portion of mature frond, under side, No. 1.

Veins forked; venules parallel, sporangiferous on their superior
side, their apices combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal
vein. Sori unilateral. Indusiwm plane.

Q

,

226 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. N. Nidus, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 1138. Asplenium
Nidus, Linn.; Bot. Mag. t. 3101; Lowe’s Ferns,
é, 86.—East Indies.

2. N. Australasica, J. Sm. Cat. Cult.
Ferns(1857). Asplenium Austra-
lasicum, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 88.
Asplenium Nidus, R. Br. (non
Linn.); Lowe’s Ferns, 5, t, 15.—
New South Wales.

3. N.- phyllitidis, J. Sm. En. Fil.
Philipp. Asplenium Phyllitidis,
Don. Prod. Fl. Nep.—India.

lt. ANTIGRAMMA, Presl ; J. Sim.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds
simple, cordate-lanceolate, 4-18 inches
high. Veins forked; venules angularly
anastewosing, reticulated, the marginal
veinlets free. Sporangia produced on
the proximate sides of the primary venules
of each fascicle, constituting two linear,
eonfirent sori, each furnished with a
linear indusium, the free margins of which
connive.

1. A. rhizophylla, 7. Sm. Asplenium
thizophyllum, Tinn. Campto-
sorus rhizophyllus, Link ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 57 C; Hook. Fil.
Huot. t. 85; — Fil. Hort,

Dips. t. 5, f. 6. Scolopendrium
hd ee gp thizophyllum, Hook. — North
America. TT.

2. A. Brasiliensis, Moore. Asplenium Brasiliense, Sw. Scolo-
pendrium Brasiliense, Kunze. 8. ambiguum, Radd.
‘Fil. Bras. t. 57, f. 1. Antigramme repanda, Presi ;
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 57 A; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 183.—
Brazil.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 227

115. CALLIPTERIS, Bory ; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds simple and pinnate,
bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 2-5 feet high. Veins uniform and

a7,

Zz

Genus 115.—Portion of barren and fertile fronds, watural size A
fertile enlarged. No.l.

forked, or costeform pinnate; the whole, or the lower venules
only, anastomosing, sporangiferous on both sides, constituting
binate, linear, decussate sori. Indusiwm plane.

1. C. prolifera, Bory. Asplenium proliferum, Lam. ; Metten.
Fil. Hort. Lips. t. 11, f. 7. Diplazium proliferum,
Kaulf. Asplenium decussatum, Sw. Anisogonium
decussatum, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56 A— East
Indies, Malayan Archipelago. ,

2. C. esculenta, J. Sm. Hemionites esculenta, Retz. Dipla-
zium esculentum, Sw. Anisogonium esculentum,
Presl. Microstegia esculenta, Presi, Hpim. Bot.
Digrammaria esculenta, Fée. Asplenium ambiguum,
Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 75 B (Rheede, Mal. 12, ¢. 15).
Digrammaria ambigua, Prest; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.56 OC.
Microstegia ambigua, Presl, Hpim. Bot. Diplazium
Malabaricum, Spreng. Callipteris Malabarica, J. Sim.
Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857). Diplazium Serampurense,
Spreng. Anisogonium Serampurense, Presi. Cal-
lipteris Serampurense, Fée. Diplazium pubescens,
Link—East Indies, Malayan Archipelago,

Q2

22 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREICN.

116. HEMIDICTYUM, Presl.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds pinnate, 10-14 feet long;
pinne 1-2 fvet long, 3-5 inches wide. Veins forked; venules
parallel till near the margin, then anastumosiny and reticulated,

Genus 116,—Portion of fertile panna, under side. No. 1.

combined by a transverse, continuous, marginal vein. Sporangia
produced on the superior side of the parallel veins, constituting
unilateral, linear sori. Indusium plane.

1. H. marginatum, Pres] ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 55.4. Asple-
“nium marginatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 106); Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 73; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 58. Diplazium
giganteum, Hort. Linden.—Tropical America.

117. CETERACH, Willd.; J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, ceespitose. Fronds 2-12 inches
long, sinuose-pinnatifid or pinnate, the under side densely squa-
mose. Veins forked, anastomosing. Sporangia unilateral,
protruding through the dense squame, forming oblong sori.
Indusiwm obsolete.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 229

1. C. officinarum, Willd. ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.113; Lindl. and
Moore’s Brit. Ferns, ¢. 43 A; Lowe's Ferns, 5, t. 54,
Asplenium Ceterach, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 36.

Genus 117.—Frond natural size, and portion enlarged. No. 1.

Grammitis Ceterach, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t=. 7 B; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 15. Scolopendrium Ceterach, Hng. Bot.
1244,.—Europe, North India.

Tass X—DICKSONIE AL.

Sort marginal, round, or linear and transverse. Indusiwm
lateral, interiorly attached, its extrorse margin free and con-
niving more or less with the changed margin of the frond, which
becomes an accessory indusium, the two forming a cucullate or
bivalved round cyst, or elongated grove, containing the sporangia.

230 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

§ 1. Lindseew. .

Receptacles combined, forming a linear, continuous or tnter-
rupted marginal sorus, or rarely punctiform or binate. Indusium
linear or sub-rotund. ;

* Receptacles elongated.
118. LINDSABA, Dry.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. J'ronds simple,
+ pinnate, or bi-tripinnate ; pinnze

< Wi oblong, dimidiate, upper margin
= fertile only; costa excentric or
! obsolete. Veins radiating, forked ;

Genus 118 —Portion of fertile venules free, their apices com-

frond, underside. No.1. bined by an elongated transverse

receptacle. Sori linear, continuous or interrupted. Indusium
linear, usually shorter than the indusiform margin.

* Occidental species.
1. L. reniformwis, Dry. in Linn. Trans, 3, t. 7, f.1; Kunze, in
Schk. Fil. Suppl. t. 16, f. 2—French Guiana.

2. L. sagittata, Dry.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 87.—French
Guiana.

L. Leprieusii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62 D—French Guiana.

L. faleata, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t. 7, f. 2.—Guiana.

L. trapeziformis, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t=. 9; Hook. et
Bauer. Gen. Fil. t. 63 A4.— West Indies and Tropical
America.

6. L. Guianensis, Dry.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 62.—Guiana.

7. L. stricta, Dry.; Schk. Fil. t.114. L. Javitensis, H. B. K. ;

Radd. Fil. Bras. t.75, f.1. LL. elegans, Hook. Ic. Pl.
1. 98.—West Indies and Tropical America.

8. L. crenata, Klot.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 208. — British
Guiana.

. L. dubia, Spr. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.1, t. 64 C.—¥French Guiana.

oearad

[vag

ive}

** Indian and Malayan species.
10. L. eultrata, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.114; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
4.114; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 67; Lowe's New Ferns,
t. 16 B.—East Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 231

11. L. obtusa, J. Sm. Hn. Fil. Philipp.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
p. 224.—Malacea.

*** Polynesian and Australian species.

12. L, linearis, Sw. Syn. Fil. t. 8, f. 3; Kunze, Fil. t. 16;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 16 C.—Australia and Tasmania.

13. L. trichomonoides, Dry. in Linn. Trans. 3, t.11; Schk.
Fil. t. 14, f. 3—New Zealand.

14. L. microphylla, Sw. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 194.—New
South Wales and Queensland. ;

119. SCHIZOLOMA, Gaud.

Vernation fasciculate. Fronds
pinnate; pinne oblong or linear-
lanceolate; costa central. Veins
forked; venules anastomosing, form-
ing oblique, elongated areoles, trans-
versely combined by an elongated
Receptacle on both margins. Sort
linear, continuous. Indusiwm linear,
usually equal with the indusiform
anargin,

1. S. ensifolia, J. Sm. Lindsea
ensifolia, Sw.; Hook. e
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 3. Lindsea
lanceolata, Labill. Nov.
Holl. t. 248, f. 1.—Malayan Genus 119.—Portion of fertile
and Polynesian ee Eiseaty uate ey sine Se

232 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

¥** Receptacles punctiform.
120. ODONTOSORIA, J. Sm.

Vernation uniserial, distant and sarmentose, contiguous and
sub-fasciculate. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid, lanceolate or deltoid,
1-5 feet long, erect or flexuose and scandent; ultimate seg-
ments euneiform, entire, lobed or laciniated. Veins dichoto-
mously forked; venules free. Receptacles terminal, punctiform.

Genus 120.—Portion of fertile pinna, under side. No. 2.

Sort simple or binate. Special and accessory indusia forming a
vertical, urceolate or, by confluence, oblong, sporangiferous,
marginal cyst.

1. O. tenuifolium, J. Sm. Davallia tenuifolia, Sw.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 8, t.14. Stenoloma tenuifoliam, Fée—LHast
Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

2. O. aculeatum, J. Sm. Davallia aculeata, Sm. ; Hook. Sp.
Til. t. 54 B; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 26. Adiantum
aculeatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 94). Stenoloma
aculeatum, Fée, Gen. Fil. t. 27, f. 4.—West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 233

‘121. MICROLEPIA, Presi.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds pinnate or bi-tripin-
natifid, 1-6 feet high, del-
toid. Veins simply or
pinnately forked; -venules
free, the exterior one or
moresoriferous. Sorisimple,
often’anti-marginal. Recep-
tacles terminal, punctiform.
Indusiwm attached by its
broad base only, or by its
‘base and sides, constituting
a simple, cucullate or semi-
urceolate, vertical cyst.

1, M. tricosticha, J.
Sin. Davallia tri-
costicha, Hook. ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8,
t, 29.—Philippine 6 . ;
Islands. enus farses Binns, under side.

2. M.scabra, J. Sm. Davallia scabra, Don. Davallia villosa,
Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 48 A—India, Japan.

3. M. cristata, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. Dawvallia Khasyana,
Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 47 A, 5-7 A—LEast Indies.

4, M. platyphylla, J. Sm. Davallia platyphylla, D. Don.
Davallia Lonchitidea, Wali. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.t.46 B ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 30; Hook. Fil. Hxot.t.19. Davallia
majuscula, Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 33.—EHast Indies,

5. M. polypodioides, Presi; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.58. Davallia
polypodioides, D. Don. Polypodium nudum, Fors?.
Davallia rhomboidea, Wall. Dawallia flaccida, R. Br.
—East Indies, Polynesia.

6. M. strigosa, Moore. Davallia strigosa, Sw. Trichomanes
strigosa, Thunb.—Japan.

7, M. Novee-Zelandiz, J. Sm. Davallia Nove-Zelandiez,
Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.51 B; Hook. Gard. Ferns,
#.51. Davallia hispida, Hew. Acrophorus hispidus,
Moore.—New Zealand.

234 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

122. LOXSOMA, 2B. Br.

Vernation uniserial, sarmentose. Fronds long stipitate,
deltoid, decompound, 1-1} foot high, glaucous beneath ; lacinie
lanceolate, dentate. Veins simple or forked; venules free, their
apices prolonged, forming a free columnar receptacle. Special

Genus 122.—Portions of barren and fertile frond, natural size;
ditto, enlarged. No. 1.

and Accessory Indusia united, forming a vertical, urceolate,
extrorse cyst. Sporangia obovate, pedicellate, seated round the
receptacle, which is elongated beyond the mouth of the indu-
sium. Ring of sporangium oblique.

1. L. Cunninghamii, R. Br.; Hook. et Bauer. Gen. Fil.t.15;
Comp. to Bot. Mag. t. 31, 32; Hook. Gard. Ferns,
t, 31.—New Zealand.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 235

§ 2. Hudicksoniec.
Receptacles punctiform. Special and accessory indusia con-
niving, forming an ureeolate or bwalved, reflexed cyst.
* Vernation uniserial, sarmentose, or rarely sub-fasciculaic
and erect or decumbent, naked or thinly furnished with scales.
123. SACCOLOMA, Kaulf.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds
4-6 feet high, pinnate, 1-2 feet
broad, smooth; pinnee linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, 8-12 inches long,
serrated at the apex. Veins simple,
-rarely forked, direct, parallel, free.
Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sort
punctiform, contiguous, laterally co-
alescing and forming a compound,

marginal, continuous sorus. Special

indusiwm small, transverse, elongated,
sub-scyphiform ;' accessory one uni-
versal, formed of the continuous, re-
flexed margin.

1..S. elegans, Kaulf. Hn. Fil. ¢ 1,
f.12; Hook. Gen, Fil. ¢. 58,
f. 1, 2; Kunze, Fil. t. 41.
Davallia saccoloma, Spreng.
—West Indies.

Genus 123, —Portion of fertile
pinna. No.1.

124, DEPARIA, Hook. ct Grev.

Vernation subfasciculate, decumbent.

VILLE

Fronds bipinnatifid,

NS ssl
Genus 124.— Portion of barren and fertile frond. No.1.

236 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1-23 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free. Receptacles

punctiform, terminal.

Sori exserted. Special and accessory

indusia conniving, and forming a calyciform, pedicellate, vertical

extrorse cyst.

1. D. prolifera, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. (corrig.); Hook. Gen.

Fil. t.44 B; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 82; Lowe’s Ferns, 8

9

t. 38. Dicksonia prolifera, Kaulf. Deparia Macrei,
Hook. et Grev. Ic, Fil. t. 154.—Sandwich Islands. |

125. SITOLOBIUM, Desv.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds bi-tripinnatifid,

Genus 125 —Portion of fertile
irund, under side. No. 2.

2-6 feet high. Veine simple or pin-
nately forked, the exterior venule, or
more, soriferous. Receptacles punc-
tiform, terminal. Sort globose, re-
flexed. Special and accessory indusia
united and forming a reflexed, entire,
or sub-bilabiate cup.

1. 8. punctilobum, J. Sm. Ne-

phrodium punctilobulum,
Micha, Aspidium punctilo-
bulum, Sw. Dicksonia punc-
tiloba, Hook.; Lowe's
Ferns, 8, t. 42. Dicksonia
pubescens, Schk. Fil. t. 131.
Dicksonia _pilosiuscula,
Willd. Sitolobium _pilo-
siusculum, Desy.; J. Sin.
Gen. Fil. Dennsteedtia
punctilobula, Moore.—
North America.

2. S. adiantoides, J. Sm. Dick-

sonia adiantoides, Humb. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 26 B.
Polypodium globuliferum,
Poir (Plum. Fil. t. 30).
Dennstedtia adiantoides,
Moore.—Tropical.America.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 237

Lo)

. 8. Pavoni, J. Sm. Dicksonia Pavoni, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
t, 26 A. Dennstedtia Pavoni, Moore. — Tropical
America.

4. S. dissectum, J. Sm. Dicksonia dissecta, Sw.; Schk. Fil.
t 130 B. Dennstzedtia dissecta, Moore. Denn-
steedtia tenera, Moore West Indies.

ot

. 8. cicutarium, J. Sm. Dicksonia cicutaria, Sw.; Lowe’s
Ferns, 8, t. 40 (Plum. Fil. t. 31). Dennstedtia
cicutaria, Moore.—Tropical America.

6. 8. anthriscifolium, J. Sm. Dicksonia anthriscifolia,
Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 27 B. Dennstedtia
anthriscifolia, Moore.—Tropical America.

. 8. davallioides, J. Sm. Dicksonia davallioides, R. Br. ;

Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 41. Dennstaedtia davallioides,
Moore—Australia.

=

8. 8. rubiginosum, J. Sm. Dicksonia rnbiginosa, Kaulf. ;
Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 27 A; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 45.
Denustzdtia rubiginosa, Moore. Dicksonia nitidula,
Kunze. Dennstedtia nitidula, Moore.— Tropical
America.

9. S. Moluccanum, J. Sm. Dicksonia Moluccana, Blume ;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 46. Dennstedtia Moluccana,
Moore—Malayan Archipelago.

** Vernation fasciculate, erect and arboreous, or rarely
decumbent, densely criniferous.

126. BALANTIUM, Kaulf.

.. Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, densely criniferous. Fronds
deltoid, tripinnate, smooth; ultimate segments dentate. Veins
pinnate ; venules free, simple or forked. Receptacles punctiform,
terminal. Sori transversely oblong, large, exserted in thrysi-
form clusters. Indusium bivalved, coriaceous, the two valves
nearly equal, concave, reniform.

238 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. B. Culeita, Kaulf. Dicksonia Culcita, L’Heérit.; Lowe's

= S\

U

Genus 126.—Poitions of barren and fertile frond, natural size. No.1.

Ferns, 8, t. 39. Culcita macrocarpa, Presl ; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 60 4.—Madeira, Azores, and Tropical
America,

127. DICKSONIA, I’ Hérit.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, criniferous. Fronds

eax
aah
Oy 75
%) INBSZ
VBE I

Genus 127.— Porx'ions of barren and fertile fronds, natural size. No. 1,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 239

bi-tripinnate, 5-15 feet long. Veins pinnate; venules free,
simple. Receptacles punctiform, terminal. Sori globose, large,
reflexed. Indusiwm bivalved, coriaceous; the outer valve (acces-
sory indusiwm) concave, cucullate, conniving with the smaller,
usually less cucullate, inner valve or special indusium, forming
an unequal valved cyst.

1. D. arborescens, L’Hérit.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 22 A OD.
auricoma, Spreng. Balantium auricomum, Kauif. ;
Presi. Dicksonia integra, Sw. Balantium arborescens,
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 30.—St. Helena.

2. D. antaretica, Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 249. Balantium
antarcticum, Presl. Cibotium Billardieri, Kaulf—
Australia.

3. D. Sellowiana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 22 B. Balantium
Sellowiana, Pres!.—Tropical America.

4. D. squarrosa, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 180.—New Zealand.
5. D.lanata, Colenso ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 23 C—New Zealand.

128. CIBOTIUM, Kaulf.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent, or erect and arborescent,
densely criniferous. Fronds tripinnatifid, 5-15 feet long, gene-
rally glaucous beneath. Veins forked or pinnate; venules free.

Genus 128.—Portions of barren and fertile fronds, natural size.

‘Receptacles punctiform, terminal. ori dentiform, reflexed:
Indusium bivalved, horny, the outer valve (accessory indusium)
concave, cucullate, adnate to the margin; the inner (specicid
indusium) smaller, and conniving with the outer, forming an
unequal bivalved cyst.

240 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. ©, Schiedei, Schlecht.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 30 4; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 25; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 35.—Mexico.

2. C. Barometz, J. Sm. Gen. of Ferns. Polypodium Barometz,
Lour. Cibotium -glaucescens, Kunze, Fil. 4, 81.
Cibotium Cumingi, Kunze.—China.

3. O. Menziesii, Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 29 C—Sandwich Islands.

129. THYRSOPTERIS, Kunze.

Vernation fasciculate, arborescent. Fronds decompound-
multifid, the fertile portion contracted. Sori paniculate. Veins
pinnate; venules free. Accessory and special indusia equal,

Genus 129.—Portion of fertile pinna. No.1.

uniform, constituting a calyciform cyst, including sessile, com-
pressed sporangia seated on an elevated, globose receptacle.

1. T. elegans, Kunze, Fil. t. 1; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 44 A;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 34.—Juan Fernandez.

Tris X1.—CYATHE As.

Sort round, intra-marginal. Receptacles elevated, globose or.
columnar. Indusium calyciform, semi-calyciforim or squamiform,
or altogether absent.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 941

130. SCHIZOCAINA, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate,
erect, slender, arborescent.
Fronds simple, pinnate or
bipinnatifid, 2-8 feet long,
smooth, stipes adherent
pinne articnlated with the
rachis. Vuins pinnately
forked; vennles free. Sori
medial. Iteceptacles glo-
bose, Indusium calyci-
form, ultimately deeply
laciniated.

1.8. sinuata, J. Sm.
Gen. of Ferns
(1841). Cyathea
sinuata, ITook.
et Grey. Ic. Fil.
t.106.— Ceylon.

Genus 130.—Portion of fertile pinna,
natural size; dittu enlarged. Du. 1.

131. CYATHEA, Sm.
Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi tripinna-

Genus 131.—Porltion of fert'le pinna, under side,

vu. 6

tifid, 5-15 feet long;
pinne and pinnules in
Some species articu-
lated with the rachis.
Veins forked; venules
free. Sori axillary.
Receptacles columuar.
Indusium complete
calyciform, its margin
entire or unequally
laciniated.

* West Indian and American Species.

1. CG. arborea, Sm. ‘Polypodium arboreum, Linn, (Plum. Fil.
t.1 e¢2). Disphenia arborea, Presl. Cyathea elegans,
Hew; Hook. Gen, Fil. t, 23. Cyathea Grevilleana,
Mart. Disphenia Grevilleana, Kunze— West Indies.

242 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

ina)

. C. serra, Willd.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 9 A— West Indies.

. ©. aculeata, Willd. Disphenia aculeata, Presl.—West
Indies, ;
4. C. nigrescens, J. Sm. C. arborea, var. nigrescens, Hook.—
Jamaica.
5. C. muricata, Willd. (Plum. Fil. t. 4).—West Indies.

oo

** African species.
6. C. eanaliculata, Willd. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.1, t.11B; Lowe’s
Ferns, 8, ¢. 55.—Mauritius.

7. C. excelsa, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t.12 B; Lowe's Ferns,
8, #.56.—Maunritius.

. C. Dregei, Kunze; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.10 B.—South Africa.
. C. Manniana, Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 21.—Fernando Po.

to OO

*** Indian and Malayan specics.

10, C. Hookeri, Thw. Enum. Plant. Zeyl—Ceylon.

11. C. integra, J. Sm. En. Fil. Philipp. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
p. 26.—Philippine Islands.

*eR Australian and Polynesian species,

12. C. medullaris, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 183; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t, 25. Polypodium medullare, Forst.— Pacific
Isles and New Zealand. :

13. C. Smithii, Hook. fil. Fl. New Zeal. t.72—New Zealand.

14. C. dealbata, Sw.; A. Rich. Fl. Nou. Zel. t=.10; Lowe’s

Ferns, 8,t.58. Polypodium dealbatum, Forst.—_New
Zealand.

15, C, Cunninghamii, Hook. fil. Fl. New Zeal. 2, p.7; Hook.
fil, Hook. Ic. Pl. t, 985.—New Zealand.

132. HEMITELTA, R. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bipinnatifid,
4-8 feet long; stipes smooth or aculeated, Veins simply or

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FDERNS. 243

pinnately forked; venules all free, or the lower pair of the lowest
fascicles angularly anastomosing, forming a costal arch or more
or less acute angle. Sori medial. Receptacles globose. Indusiwm
semicalyciform. :

1. If. speciosa, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil.
t.13 B; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 66.
Cyathea speciosa, Humb. Hemi-
telia integrifolia, Klot—Tropical
America.

2. H. grandifolia, Spreng.; Hook. Sp.
Fil. t. 14 B; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, ¢. 59.
Cyathea grandifolia, Willd. (Plum.
Fil. t. 26).— West Indies.

3. H. horrida, 2 Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil.
t 15; Hook. Fil. Heot. t. 69;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 60. Polypodium
horridum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 8).
Cyathea horrida, Sm. Cnemidaria
horrida, Presi; Hook. Gen. Fil.

2 t. 4.—West Indies.

4, H. obtusa, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1,
t. 14. Hemitelia speciosa, Murt.
Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 48, f. 2. Cne-
midaria speciosa, Presl,— West

Indies.
56. H. Karsteniana, Klot.; Kunze, Ind. Genus 132.—Portion
Fil. —Venezuela, of fertile pinna, under

side. No.3.
6. H. Imrayana, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 33; Hook. Ic. Pl.
#, 669.— Dominica.

133. ALSOPHILA, R. Br.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent. Fronds bi-tripinna-
tifid, 5-15 feet long. Veins simple or forked, free. Sori axillary
or medial. Receptacles globose or columnar. Indusiwm semi-
calyciform, or small and squamiform, or trichiform, often
obsolete.

22

244 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

§ 1. Hymenostegia, J. Sm Gen. Fil. (1841).

Indusiumn nearly complete calyciform or very small and
scale-like.

* African species.
1. A. Capensis, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841).
Polypodium capense, Linn. Cyathea
Capensis, Sm. Hemitelia Capensis,

R. Br. Amphicosmia Capensis,
Moore.—South Africa.

** Tropical America and. West Indian
species.

2. A. levis, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Amphicosmia
levis, Moore. Hemitelia Guianensia,
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 648.—British Guiana.

3. A. Hostmanni, J. Sm. Hemitelia Host-
manni, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 646; Lowe's
Ferns, 8,t¢.61. Amphicosmia Host-
manni, Moore.—Guiana.

4, A. Surinamensis, J. Sm. Hemitelia

Genus 133. —

P rtion of fertile Surinamensis, Miquel Guiana and
) inne OBeer side. M inique.

5. A. radens, Kaulf.; Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.—Brazil.
6, A. Beyrichiana, J. Sm. Cyathea Beyrichiana, Presl ;

Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 623. Amphicosmia Beyrichiana,
Moore.—Brazil.

§ 2. Tricostegia, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. (1841).

Indusium absent. Sori furnished with articulated hairs,
or naked,

* Tropical American and West Indian species.

7. A. aspera, R, Br.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t, 213, 214, 215;
Hook, Gen, Fil. t. 21; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.19 B. Poly-
podium asperum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 3).—Tropical
America and West Indies.

8. A. ferox, Presl ; Hook. A. armata, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 48
(non Presl). Polypodium aculeatum, Radd. Fil. Bras.
t, 42.—Tropical America and West Indies.

9.

10

ll

12,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 245

A. aculeata, J. Sm. Polypodium aculeatum, Radd. Fil.
Bras. ¢. 42, Alsophila ferox, Presl.—West Indies and
Tropical America,

. A. armata, Presl. Polypodium armatum, Sw—Tropical
America.

. A. procera, Kaulf. Polypodium procerum, Walld. —
Brazil.

. A. villosa, Presl. Cyathea villosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen.
t. 670.—Tropical America.

13, A, paleolata, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t.48. A. munita, Hort.

Berol.—Brazil,

** Indian and Malayan species,

14, A. glauca, J. Sm. Gen. Fil. Chnoophora glauca, Blume.

Alsophila contaminans, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 18 B.
—NMalayan, Molucca, and Philippine Islands.

15. A. gigentea, Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, p. 58. — India,

Ceylon.

*** Australian and Polynesian species.

16. A. Australis, R. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 19 4.—Hast and

17

18.

South Australia and Tasmania.

. A. excelsa, R. Br.; Hook. Gen. Fit. t.9; Hook. Sp. Fil.
1.18 A; Backhouse’s Narrative, p. 265, with table.
A. Cooperi, Hook. Mss.—Norfolk Island and Queens-
land.

. A. Moorei, J. Sm. Mss. Hort. Kew. (1854). Stem.slender,
black, 3-5 feet high; fronds bipinnate, 3-4 feet
long; pinnules deeply pinnatifid; laciniz elliptical,
obtuse, entire; stipes and main rachis muricate;
sori small, naked. A. Macarthuri, Hook. Mss.—New
South Wales.

246

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

134. TRICHOPTERIS, Presi.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent.

Fronds bipinnate,

4-6 feet long, smooth, stipes articulated with the axis; pinne
distant; pinnules lanceolate, coriaceous, articulated with the
rachis, Veins pinnately forked; venules free, their apices
clavate. Sori medial, criniferous, oblong, laterally contiguous

ISN

LM

NN

WH
NNN

ia

ue
NINE

ya

Genus 134.—Fertile pinna, natural size; portion of ditto enlarged. No. 1.

and confluent, forming a transverse row. Receptacles scarcely
elevated. Indusium absent.

1. T. excelsa, Presi.
Bras. t. 37.—Brazil.

Alsophila excelsa, Mart. Ic. Crypt.

135. LOPHOSORIA, Presi.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, arborescent, den sely criniferous.
Fronds tripinnatifid, 3-5 feet long, glaucous beneath. Veins

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 247

forked ; venules free, their apices thickened. Scri medial,
criniferous. Receptacle searcely elevated. Indusiwm absent.*

1. L, pruinata, Presi. Polypodium pruinatum, Sw. Also-
phila priinita, Kaulf. Polypodium griseum, Schk.
Fil. t. 25 B.—Tropical America.

Genus 135.—Portions of fertiie frond, natural size. No.1.

2. L, affinis, Presi. Alsophila affinis, Féc. A. Deckeriana,
Kilot.— Venezuela.

Svs-Orprr I—_GLEICHENIACE As,

Sporangia globose or pyriform, furnished with a transverse
or sub-oblique ring. Fronds rigid, opaque. Sori punctiform,
intramarginal, naked or rarely with a peltate indusium.

136. GLEICHENIA, PR. Br.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds 1-6 feet high
once or more times dichotomously branched; pinne linear,

* Setting aside the arborescent character of the stem, this genus is more
naturally related to the section Desmupodium of Phegopteris than to Alsophila.

248 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Tinnatifid, ultimate divisions small, ovate, orbicular, and often
revolute or larger, linear and plane. Veins simply or pinnately

f VLU EO
= . NII
df

eda Ne il

LES
ILE So

Genus 136.—Portion of barren frond, under side. No. 9:

finked; venules free, the exterior one fertile. Sort punctiform,
terminal or medial. Sporangia few, 2-8, superficial or immersed.

* Ultimate divisions small, concave or cucullate.
(Eugleichenia.)

1. G. microphylla, R. Br.; Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 47.—New
South Wales and Tasmania.

2, G. dicarpa, R. Br.; Hovk. Sp. Fil. 1,410; Kumze, Fil.
t. 70; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 48.—Tasmania.

3. G. semivestita, Labill. Sert. Nov. Caled. t. 11; Lowe's.
Ferns, 8, ¢. 54; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2 A—New Cale-
donia and Malacca.

4. G. hecistophylla, A. Cunn.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 2B;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 52—New Zealand.

5. G. rupestris, R. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 1B; Lowe's
Ferns, 8, t.35.—New South Wales.

6. G. alpina, R. Br.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.58.—Tasmania.

7. G. spelunce, RB. Br.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 1 A; Lowe's
Ferns, 8, t. 94.—New South Wales and Tasmania.

** Ultimate divisions plane. (Mertensia, Willd.)

8. G. flabellata, R. Br. ; Labill. Sert. Nov. Caled. t.12; Lowe’s
Ferns, 8, t. 50; Hook. Fil. Huot. t. 71. Mertensia
flabellata, J. Sm.—Australia and Tasmania.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 249

9. G. dichotoma, Hook. ; Lowe’s Ferns, 8, 21. Mertensia
dichotoma, Willd. ; Schk. Fil. t.148; Lang. et Fisch.
Te. Fil. t. 29. Polypodium dichotomum, Thunb. Fl.
Jap. t. 37. Gleichenia Hermanni, R. Br— General
throughout the Tropical and Subtropical regions of
the Southern Hemisphere.

10. G. furcata, Spreng. ; Lowe’s New Ferns, ¢. 60. Acro-
stichum furcatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 23).—West
Indies.

11. G. pectinata, Presi. Mertensia glaucescens, Willd.
‘Gleichenia Hermanni, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 14
(non I. Br.).— West Indies.

12. G. pubescens, Kunth. Mertensia pubescens, H. B. K.
Gleichenia immersa, Spreng. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
#.15.—Tropical America.

13. G. eryptocarpa, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 6 A—Chili.

li. G, Cunninghami, Hew. ; Hook. Sp. Fil.1,t.6 B; Hook.
fil. Fl. New Zeal. 6, t. 71—New Zealand.

Suz-Orper III HYMENOPHYLLACEA.

Sporangia globose or oblate, furnished with a horizontal or
sub-oblique ring. Fronds thin, membranaceous, pellucid. Soré
marginal. Indusium an urceolate, sub-bivalved, extrorse, open
eyst,

137. HY MENOPHYLLUM, Sm.

Vernation uniserial and sarmentose. Fronds varying from
simple to decompound-multifid, membranaceous and pellucid,
smooth, or bearing simple, forked, or stellate hairs. Veins
simple or forked, free. Sori terminal. Indusium short, urce-
olate, bilabiate or bivalved. Receptacle short, included within
the indusium.

* Fronds glabrous.

+ Segments entire, plane or undulated.
Stipes and rachis rarely pilose.

1. H. asplenioides, Sw.; Hook. Ist Cent. Ferns, t. 56.—
Jamaica, Brazil.

250 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2. H. abruptum, Hook. Sp. Fil.1, ¢. 31 B.—West Tudies.

3. H. polyanthos, Sw.; Hedw. Fil. cum Ic. ; Lowe's Ferns, 8,

: 4.8 A. H. sanguinolentum, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t.185 C.—
West Indies, Tropical America, India, Philippines, New
Zealand; &c.

Genns 137.—Portion of fertile frond, natural size; ditto slightly enlarged.
No. 13. .

4. H. rarum, R. Br. H. semibivalve, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 83.—Tasmania, New Zealand, Chili, South Africa,
Ceylon.

5. H. flabellatum, Labill. Nov. Holl. ¢t. 250. H. nitens,

Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢t. 197.— Tasmania, New
Zealand.

6. H. demissum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 185 C—Tasmania, New
Zealand. .

\. H. seabrum, A. Rich. Fl. Nou. Zel. t. 14, f. 1; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 179.—New Zealand.

8. H. crispatum, Wall.; Hook. et Grev. t. 77; Lowe’s New
Ferns, t. 69 B—Hast Indies, Philippines, Tasmania,
New Zealand. :

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 251

9. H. flexuosum, A. Cunn.; Hook. Ic.-Pl. t. 962; Lowe's
New Ferns, t. 178.—New Zealand.

10. H. caudiculatum, Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. t. 67; Lowe’s
New Ferns, t. 68.—Brazil.

ll. H. fuciforme, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t.36 D; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 72,—Chili, Juan Fernandez.

12. H. pulcherrimum, Oolenso; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 37 A;
Hook. fil. I'l. Nov. Zealand, 2, t. 74; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 71—New Zealand.

13. H. dilatatum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t.185; Hook. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 60; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 70.—New Zealand.

++ Segments dentate or spinulose-serrate, often undulate.

14. H. Tunbridgense, Sm.; Eng. Bot. ¢.162; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 82; Hook. Fl. Lond. t. 71; Sowerby’s Ferns,
t.42; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 43; Lindl. and Moore’s
Nature-printed Ferns, t. 49 A. HH. cupressiforme,
Labill. Nov. Holl. t. 250, f. 2—Temperate regions of
both. hemispheres.

15. H. unilaterale, Wélld.; Lindl. and Moore’s Nature-
printed Ferns, t. 49 B; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 43. H.
Wilsoni, Hook. Eng. Bot. t. 2686; Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t, 44,—Temperate regions of both hemispheres.

16. H. multifidum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 185 B; Hook. et Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 167.—New Zealand.

17. H. dichotomum, Cav.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 36 4.—Chili.

18. H. fucoides, Sw. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 963.—West Indies and
Tropical America.

*& Fronds pilose.

19. H. hirsutum, Sw.; Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 79, f.1; Hook.
Grev. Ic. Fil. 84.—West Indies, Brazil.
20. H. ciliatum, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢. 35; Lowr’s
‘New Ferns, t. 69 C.—West Indies and Tropical
America.

21. H. hirtellum, Sw.; Hook. Sp. Fil.1, t. 31.—Jamaica.

22, H. Chiloense, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 32.4; Lowe's Ner
Ferns, t. 69 A— Chili.

23, H. valvatum, Hook. et Grev. Ic, Fil. t. 219.—Columbia.

252 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

24. H. lineare, Sw. H.trifidum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.196.
H. elegans, Spreng. — West Indies and Tropical

America.

25. H. sericeum, Sw. (Plum. Fil. t. 73).— West Indies and

Tropical America.

26, Hl. eruginosum, Carm.; Hook. Sp. Fil. t. 34.4.- Tristan
d’Acunha, New Zealand.

138. TRICHOMANES, Linn

Vernation fasciculate and erect, or uniserial and sarmentose.

Genus 13°.—Fertile frond, nataral
size. No. 11.

Fronds varying from simple to
decompound-multifid, membra-
naceous and pellucid, smooth,
or bearing simple, forked, or
stellate hairs. Veins simple or
forked, free. Sort terminal,
often sub-pedicellate. Indu-
siwm urceolate or tubular. Re-
ceptacle continued beyond the
sporangia and mouth of the
indusium, often elongated and
filiform.

* Vernation uniserial,
sarmentose.
1,T. reniforme, Forst.;
Hook. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t.31; Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 76.— New
Zealand.

2.T. membranaceum,
Tinn. (Plum. Fil.
t. 101, f. A); Hook.
Exot. Fl. t. 76. —
West Indies.

38. T. punctatum, Poir.;
Hook. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. t, 236.— West
Indies.

AN’ ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 253

4.'T. reptans, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 32.—West
Indies.

5. T. Bojeri, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 155.—Mauriti

6. T. muscoides, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179.—West
Indies.

ime bs pusillum, Sw.; Hedw. Fil. cwm Ie. ; Lowe's New Ferns,
t. 163. Weak Indies.

8. T. Kraussii, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 149; Lowe's New
Ferns, t 164.—West Indies and Tropical America.

9. T, venosum, &. Br.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 78. —New
South Wales and Tasmania.

10. T. sinuosum, Rich. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.18; Lowe's
; Ferns, 8, t. 10 C—West Indies.

ll. T. pyxidiferum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 20 C); Hook. et
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 206; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 161.—
West Indies.

12. T. Filicula, Bory. T. bilabiatum, Nees, in Nov. Act. Cur.
(1823), 4. 13, f. 2. T. bilingue, J. Sm. Hymeno-
phyllum alatum, Schk. Fil. t. 185 B.—Kast Indies,
Mauritius, Philippine and Polynesian Islands.

. angustatum, Carm.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 166;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t.67 A.—Tristan d’Acunha.

. exsectum, Kunze,. Anal. Pterid. t. 29. f. 2; Lowe's
New Ferns, t, 64 A.—Chili and Juan Fernandez.

. trichoideum, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 199;
Lowe's New Fone, t. 67 B. T. pyxidiferum, Schk.
Fil. t. 134.— West Indies.

16. T.radicans, Sw.; Lindl.and Moore’s Nature-printed Ferns,

t.48; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t.42; Sowerby’s Ferns, t. 41.
T. brevisetum, R.Br. T. speciosum, Willd. T. pyxi-
deferum, Huds. (non Linn). T. alatum, Hook. in Fi.
Lond. t. 58 (non Sw.). T. Europeum, Sm. in Rees’
Cyclop. T. Hibernicum, Spreng. Hymenopbyllum
alatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 1417 ;—@ Aodrewsii, Lindl.
and Moore’s Nat. Print. Ferns, t.48 C. Trichomanes
Andrewsii, Newm.—Tropical and Temperate regions
of the Northern Hemisphere.

17. T. scandens, Linn. ; Sloane’s Jam. 1, t. 58; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 62 A—West Indies.

=
4

—
am
4

15.

4

254

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

18. T. incisum, Kaulf.; Bory, in Dup. Voy. t. 38, f. 1.—

Brazil.

19. T. pluma, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 997; Lowe's New Ferns, t. 63 A.

20.

21.

22.

23,

29.

30.

—Borneo.

** Vernation fasciculate, decumbent.

T. crispum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 86); Hook. et Grev. Ie.

Ds

7.

T.
.T.
» T.

a.

Fil. t. 12; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 27. T. pilosum,
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 79—West Indies and Tropical
America.

pennatum, Hedw. Fil. t. 4, f.1; Hook. Gard. Ferns,
#48. TT. floribundum, H. B. K.; Hook. et Grev. Ie.
Fil. t. 9. T. Vittaria, Dec. ; Hook. Lond. Jowrn. Bot.
1, 4. 5.—West Indies and Tropical America.

Kaulfussii. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. App.; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 63 B. T. lucens, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 10.
—West Indies.

fimbriatum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron.
(1862), p. 44.—West Indies.

attenuatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 89 C; Lowe's New
Ferns, t. 66.—West Indies. _

alatum, Sw. (Plum: Fil. t. 50, f. 1); Hook. et Grev. Ic.
Fil. ¢. 21.— West Indies.

Bancrofti, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 204; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t.56. T. coriaceum, Kunze.—West Indies.

. erinitum, Sw.; Hedw. Fil. cwm Ic—West Indies.
- Superbum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron.

(1862), p. 44.—Borneo.

*** Vernation fasciculate, erect.

- davanicum, Blume; Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 240;

Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 37. T. alatum, Bory, in Dup.
Voy. t. 38, f. 2 (non Sw.). T. rhomboideum, J. Sin.
T. curvatum, J. Sm.—Malayan and Pacific Islands.

. Leprieurii, Kunze, Hook. Gard. Ferns, t.11. T. anceps,

Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 40 C; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 68.
T. Mandioccana, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 79.—Brazil and
West Indies.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 255

31. T. rigidum, Sw.; Hedw. Fil. cewn Ic. T. obscurum,
Blume.—Tropics.

32. T. feoniculaceum, Bory. T. meifolium, Kaulf. En. Fil.
t. 2 (non Bory).— Mauritius and Bourbon.

33. T. meifolium, Bory. T. Bauerianum, Hndl.—Hast Indies,
Bourbon, Malayan, Philippine and Pacific Islands,
Norfolk Island.

34. T. elongatum, 4. Cunn.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 701.— New
Zealand.

35. T. setigerum, Backhouse, Cat. (1861); Gard. Chron.
(1862).—Borneo.

36. T. saxatile, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862). T. rupestre,
Backhouse, Cat. (1861).— Borneo.

37. T. tricophyllum, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1862). —
Borneo.

139. FEBA, Bory.

Vernation fasciculate,
erect. Fronds of two
forms, 2-6 inches high;
the sterile pinnatifid or
sub-pinnate ; the fertile
contracted, rachiform,
stipate, longer than the
sterile. Veins simple or
forked; venules free.

: : : Gee BES
Sort terminal, free, pedi- SS
cellate, in a row along LON

both sides of the rachis.*
Indusiwm tubular, caly-
ciform. Receptacle fili-
form, continued beyond

i uth
the sporangia and Genus 139.—Barren and fertile frond, nature
of the indusiwm. size. No.1,

* Not one-sided as shown in figure.

256 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

1. F. spicata, Presl. Trichomanes spicatum, Iedw.; Hook.

; Gard. Ferns, t. 60; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 67 C. T.
elegans, Rudge (im part) ; Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 52. Feea
polypodina, Bory, in Dict. 8c. Nat. cum Ic—West
Indies.

2. F. nana, Bory. Trichomanes nanum, Bory; Hook. Sp.
Fil. 1, p. 115.—Guiana.

140. HY MENOSTACHYS, ‘Bory.

Vernation fasciculate, erect. Fronds of two forms, 6-10
inches high; the sterile pinnatifid; the fertile contracted,
linear, longer than the sterile. Veins in the sterile forked;
venules anastomosing, forming oblique elongated areoles; in

\ i)
AA
N
:
\

\

\

\

YZ

LS,

Genus 140.—Portion of barren frond, natural size; ditto fertile ;
enlarged. No.1.

the fertile, simple or forked, free. Sori terminal, immersed
contiguous in a row along both margins of the fertile frond.
Indusiwm urceolate-calyciform. Receptacle fifiform, continued
beyond the sporangia and mouth of the indysium,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 257

1. H. elegans, Presi, Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, Guian.
t. 35 (in part); Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 108; Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 2.—Guiania, Trinidad, Pacific side of Central
America. : ;

Suz-OnrpeRk TV—_OSMUNDACE Ai.

Sporangia globose, oval or oblong, opening vertically; apex
striated, the striae forming a more or less complete ring, which
is sometimes rudimentary only.

Tre I—SCHIZ ALA.

Sporangia oval or oblong, opening. on the exterior side. pro-
duced on contracted racemes, or on. :

terminal or marginal spike-like
appendices, or the fertile frond is.

MA

a
£

wholly contracted, or sub-con- SN f %
tracted. Apical ring complete. = Be 2

141. LYGODIUM, Sw.

Vernation uniserial, distant
and sarmentose, or contiguous
and ceespitose. Fronds scandent, —_.
twining, extending to an inde-

finite length; pinne conjugate, ES}
palmate-lobed, pinnatifid or pin- ES,

nate,. Veins forked, free. Spo- 3
rangiferous spikelets marginal,
composed of two rows of imbri-
cate indusiate cysts, each cyst
containing an oval resupinate spo-
rangium attached by its inner
side, and opening longitudinally
on its outer side.

Wi
.

BZ

il

Bf

1. L. palmatum, Sw.; Schk.
Fil. t.140; Lowe’s Ferns,
8, 4.74; Hook. Fil. Boot.
t, 24.—North America.

Geis 141. — Portion of fertile
T. trond, under side. No 2,

8

258 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

2.L. flexuosum, Sw. Ophioglossum flexuosum, Linn”
Lvgodium dickotomum, Sw.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Ful.
t. 55—Fast Indies and Malayan Archipelago.

8. &. circinnatum, Sw.—Malayan and Philippine Islands.

4. L. scandens, Sw. Ophioglossam scandens, Linn.—Kast
Indies.

5. L. Japonicum, Sw. Ophioglossum Japonicum, Thunb.—
China and Japan.

6. L. articulatum, 4. Rich. in Voy. d’ Astrolabe, t. 15—New
Zealand. °

7. L. polystachyum, Wall.—East Indies.

8. L. microphyllum, R. Br.—Tropical Australia, Polynesian

Islands, :

142. LYGODICTYON, J. Sm.

Vernation and general habit the same as in Lygodium.
Veins reticulated.

\
A

LZ

—_
—

——

Genus 142 — Barren and fertile pinna, catural sze; iertiie enlarged. No, 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 259

1. L. Forsteri, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 111 B. Lygo-
dium reticulatum, Schk. Fil. ¢.139. Hydroglossum
polycarpum, Willd. Ophioglossum scandens, Forst.
(non Linn.).—Polynesian Islands.

2, L. heterodoxum, J. Sm. Lygodium heterodoxum, Kunze,
Fil. t. 118. Hydroglossum heterodoxum, Moore.
Lygodium Lindeni, Hort.— Guatemala.

143. ANEMIA, Sw.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent. Fronds pinnate
or bi-tripinnatifid ; the fertile always tripartite, the two opposite
segments contracted, erect, con- cy

s\\

stituting two sporangiferous ra-
cemes, the third segment sterile,
with forked free veins. Sporangia
oval, attached by the base, open-
ing vertically on the exterior side.

1. A. Dregeana, Kunze, Fil.
#. 20; Hook. Icon. Pl.
#. 236.—South Africa.

——9, A, collina, Radd. Fil. Bras.
4.12; Hook. Fil. Exot.
#.1. Anemia hirta, Hort.
* (non Sw.). — Tropical

America,
3. A. Mandioccana, Radd. Fil.
Bras. t. 9, f. 1; Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 36.—

Brazil.

4, A. tomentosa, Sw. Osmunda
tomentosa, Lam. Ane-
mia flexuosa, Sw:;
Radd, Fil. Bras. t.13;
Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 30. ii
A. villosa, H. et B.; Genus 143.—Barren pinna, No, 7.
Presl, A. vaddiana, Link. <A. ferruginea, H. B. K.
Anemia cheilanthoides, Kaulf.; ¢ chei!anthoides.—
Tropical America, Brazil. ;

s 2

260 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

5. A. fulva, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 142; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 126.—
Tropical America.

6. A. hirsuta, Sw. Osmunda hirsuta, Linn. (Plum. Fil.
t.162). Anemia repens, Radd. Fil. Brus. t. 2 B.—~.
Tropical America.

7. A. adiantifolia, Sw. ; Lowe’s New Ferns, t. 32. Osmunda
adiantifolia, Limn. (Plum. Fil. t.158). Anemia cicu-
taria, Moore et Houlst. Anemia adiantifolia, 3 asple-
nifolia, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.t. 16: A. asplenifolia,
Sw.—Tropical America.

144, ANEMIDICTYON, J. Sm.

Vernation and habit the same as in Anemia; but witb
reticulated veins,

#

Genns )44.—Basren pinna, : atural s‘ze; fertile spike, ditto. No. 1.

_ AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 261

1. A. Ehyllitidis, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen, Fil. t.103. Osmunda
Phyllitidis, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 156). | Anemia
Phyllitidis, Sw. ; 6 longifolium. Anemia longifolia,
Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 8. Anemidictyon Phyllitidis,
Lowe's Ferns, 8, t. 71; y fraxinifolium. Anemia
fraxinifolia, Radd. Fil. Bras. t. 8 bis; 3 densum.,
Anemia densa, Link.—Tropical America.

145. MOHRIA, Sw.

Vernation fasciculate, decumbent. Fronds bipinnate, 6-12
inches high; pinne entire, laciniated, or
multifid; the fertile generally contracted, 7
constituting a sporangiferous raceme, or ,
sub-contracted, with the margin of the
segments inflexed, indusiform, and spo-
rangiferous. Veinsfree. Sporangia sessile,
oval or nearly globose, opening vertically on
their exterior side. .

1. M, thurifraga, Sw. Syn. Fil. t.5; Sols.
Fil.t.143; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 104 B; -
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t. 70. Oemands be:
thurifraga, Linn.; (3 achilleefolia, i
Lowe’s New Ferns, t.42 B. Mohria cents <p oe
achilleefolia, Hort—South Africa. side, No. 1

146, SCHIZABA; Sin.

Vernation fasciculate, erect or decumbent, rarely distant.
Fronds linear, simple, stipitiform, simply forked, or dichoto-
mously flabellate, 2-20 inches high. Veins forked, free. Fertile
appendices terminal, pinnate, cristeeform ; segments induplicate,
each beating on its inner side two compact rows of sessile oval
sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically.

1, S. pusilla, Pursh; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 47. — United
States and New Zealand.

262 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

«

2.8. elegans, Sw. Lophidium elegans, Presl. Schizea
elegans; a latifolia, Hook. Gard. ile t 34.—
Tropical America.

Genus 146.—Portion of barren and fertile frond, natural size ;
fertile spikelet enlarged. No. 2.

3. S. rupestris, R. Br.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 48; Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 42.—Australia.

147. ACTINOSTACHYS, Wail.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous; sarmentum short. Fronds
linear, simple, stipitiform, compressed, triquetrous at the base,
9-18 inches high. Costa prowinent, continuous. Fertile appen-
dices terminal, digitato-flabellate, cristeeform ; segments indu-

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 263

plicate, each bearing on its inner side four rows of sessile, oval
sporangia, attached by their base and opening vertically.

Genus 147.— Portion of fertile frond, natural size ; spikeret
enlarged. No.1.

LA. digitata, Wall. Schizea digitata, Sw.; Hook. Gard.
‘ Ferns, -t. 49.— Hast Indies; Malayan, Philippine,
and Fiji Islands.

Tree Il._ OSMUNDEA.

Sporangia globose, reticulated, short-pedivellate, oblique and
gibbous at the apex, opening by a vertical slit, sub-bivalved.
Zing incomplete or obsolete.

' 148. OSMUNDA, Linn.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous. Fronds pinnate
or bipinnate, 3-10 feet high ; pinnz articulated with the rachis.
Veims forked; venules free. Fertile fronds wholly, or the upper
or middle portion, contracted, forming simple or compound
sporangiferous panicles, :

264 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Fertiie frond wholly contracted. (Osmundastrum.)

1. O. cinnamomea, Linn.; Schk. Fil.
t. 146; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 45;
Lowe’s Ferns, 8, t.1.—North and
South America, East Indies.

** Lateral pinne of fertile frond con-
tracted. (Plenasium.)
2. O. Claytoniana, Linn. ; Lowe’s Ferns,
8, 4. 2. O. interrupta, Micha. ;
Schk. Fil.t.144.— North America.

*** Terminal pinne of
fertile frond contracted.
(Euosmunda.)

3. O. regalis, Linn. (Plum.
Fil.t.B,f.4); Schk.
Fil. t.145; Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 46 A;
Eng. Bot. t. 209;
Iindl. and Moore’s
Brit. Ferns, t. 50;
Hook. Brit. Ferns,
t. 45; Sowerby’s
Ferns, t. 44 ;—war,
cristatus, Moore,
in Gard. Chron.
(1863).— North
Temperate Zone,

Genus 148.— Pinnu'e of barren frond, and

fertile spike, natural size. No.3. Brazil.
4, O. spectabilis, Willd. O. regalis, var. B, Linn.—North
America,

5. O. gracilis, Link—North America.

149. TODEA, Willd.

Vernation asciculate, erect, sub-arboreous. Fronds bipinna-
tifid, 2-6 feet high; pinnw coriaceous or membranaceous;
fertile. frond sub-contracted. Veins forked; venules free,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 265

Receptacles medial. Sori oblong, linear, simple or forked,
naked, often confluent.

Ge us 149.—Portion of fertile frond, under side. No.1.
* Fronds coriaceous, opaque. (Butodea.)

1. T. Africana, Willd.; Schk. Fil. t. 147; Hook. Gen. Fil.
#46 B, f.1; Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 168; Lowe's
Ferns, 8, ¢.67. Acrostichum barbarum, Linn. Todea
barbara, Moore’s Synop. T.rivularis, Sieb. ; Kunze,
Anal. t.4. T. Australasica, 4. Cunn.—South Africa,
Australia, Tasmania.

** Fronds membraneous. (Leptopteris.)

2. T. hymenophylloides, Rich. Voy. d’ Astrolabe, t.16 ; Hook.
Gen. Fil, t. 46 B, f.7; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 54,
Leptopteris hymenophylloides, Pres?. Todea pellucida,
Carm.; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 8—New Zealand.

3. T. superba, Colenso. Leptopteris superba, Hook. Ic. Pl.

‘ t. 910.—New Zealand.

4, T, Fraseri, Hook. et Grev, Ic. Fil. ¢t. 101. Leptopteris
Fraseri, Presl.—New Holland.

§ 2. Hxannulate.
Sporangia coriaceous, opaque, destitute of a ring.

Onver I—_MARATTIACEA, Kauif.

Sporangia dorsal, exannulate, opaque, horny, generally sessile,
distinct, or connate and forming synangia, opening by a pore or
longitudinal slit.

266 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

150. MARATTIA, Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect,
subarboreous; each frondrising
from between two fleshy sti-
puleform appendages (which:
sometimes assume the cha-
racter of abnormal fronds) ;
base of the stipes clavate,
pseudo-articulated with the
axis. Fronds bi-tripinnate,
6-18 inches high; pinnules
articulated with the rachis.
Veins simple or forked, free.
Synangia sessile, superficial,
oblong, distant, sub-terminal,
longitudinally bivalved, each
valve consisting of 3-12 late-
rally-connate sporangia, which
open by a slit on their interior
¥ sidé. Receptacles sometimes
furnished with an indusioid
fimbriate membrane.

1. M. alata, Sm. Ic. ined.
t. 46; Schk. Fil.
4.152; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 26. — Disco-
stegia alata, Presl.
Marattia Lauchi-
ana, Hort. — West

Genus 150.—Fertile piunule, under A
side. No. 6. Indies.

2. M. cicutefolia, Kaulf. ; Mart. Ic. Orypt. Bras. t. 69, 71, 72.
Gymnotheca cicutefolia, Presl.— Brazil.

3. M. elegans, Hndl.—Norfolk Island, New Zealand.

4, M. fraxinea, Sm. Ic, ined. t. 48; Schk. Fil. #. 152.—
Mauritius, West Africa.

5. M. laxa, Kunze; Schk. Supp. 1, t=. 95; Lowe's Ferns, 8,
t. 77. Gymnotheca laxa, Presi, Marattia macro-
phylla, Hort.—Mexico.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 267

6. M. purpurascens, De Vriese; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 65.
Marattia Ascensionis, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857) ;
var. cristata, J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns (1857).—Island
of Ascension. ;

7 M. Verschaffeltiana, J. Sm. Gymnotheca Verschaffeltiana,
De Vriese.

, 151. EUPODIUM, J. Sm.

Vernation and general character as in Marattia, differing in
the synangia being pedicellate.

Genus 151.—Portion of fertile ifron natural size; ditto enlarged,
0. le

1. E. Kaulfussii, J. Sm.; Hook. Gen. Fil. 118. Marattia
Kaulfussii, J. Sm.; Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 95;
Lowe's New Ferns, t. 17. Marattia levis, Kaulf.
(non Sm.).—Brazil. :

——-

268 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

152, ANGIOPTERIS, Hoffm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, subarboreous; each frond rising
from between two fleshy
stipuleform appendages;
base of the stipes clavate,
pseudo-articulated with the
axis. Fronds 6—18feet high,
bipinnate; pinnules articu-
lated with the rachis. Veins
simple or forked, free. Re-.
ceptacles oblong, linear, sub-
terminal. Sporangia 7-24,
piserial, sessile, free, open-
ing by a slit on the inner
side. Sort oblong, late-
rally contiguous, forming a
broad, submarginal, trans-
verse band.

1. A.evecta, Hofin.;
Schk. Ful. t. 150;
Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 15. Polypodium
evectum, Forst. —
Islands of the Pa-
cific Ocean and

— SESS Ceylon.
ESF i 2. A. Teysmanniana,
“raj | De Vriese, Mon.

we et --— Maratt. t. 1-2;
Genus 152.—Fertile pinnule, under side. Lowe's Ferns, 8,
No. 2. t. 76.—Java,
3. A. Brongniartiana, De Vriese, Mon. Maratt. t. 3, f. 5.—
Tahiti.

4. A. pruinosa, Kunze, Fil. t. 91.—Java.
5. A. hypoleuca, De Vriese—Java,

6. A. Miqueliana, De Vriese. A. longifolia, Mig. et Hort—
Malayan Islands.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 269

: 153, DANZIA, Sin.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent; sarmentum
thick, fleshy; each frond rising from between two short
stipuleform appendages, and having the stipes once or more
times articulated. Fonds pinnate, rarely simple, 1-3 feet high, -
the fertile usually somewhat contracted ; pinne opposite, linear-
lanceolate, articulated with the rachis. Veins forked ; venules

Genus 153.—Barren and fertile frond, natural size; synangium enlarged.
No. 1. -

parallel, their apices arcuate and anastomosing at the margin.
Synangia sessile, immersed, linear, contiguous, occupying nearly
the whole length of the venules, and covering the whole under
surface of the fertile fronds; each consisting of two rows of
numerous laterally and oppositely connate sporangia united
into a concrete mass, forming lincar synangia, each cell opening
oy 2 circular pore at their apices.

’ >. alata, Sm.; Hook. et Grev, Ic. Fil. t, 18; Huok. Gen. Fil.
t.7.—West Indies and Tropical America.

2. D. nodosa, Sm.; Schk. Fil. t.152; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil.
t.51. Asplenium nodosum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 108).
—West Indies and Tropical America.

270 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

154. KAULFUSSIA, Blume.

Vernation uniserial, contiguous, decumbent; sarmentum
thick, fleshy ; each frond rising from between two short, fleshy,
stipulaform appendages. Fronds broad, pinnately-trifoliate, with

: : o> _ the two lower pinnz sometimes

Z{| bipartite, 1-2 feet high, long,
stipate, pale underneath, and-
furnished with numerous con-
cave dots. Veins costeform,
parallel; venules compound ana-
stomosing, with free veinlets
terminating within the areoles.
Synangia sessile, compital, super-
ficial, distant, orbicular, concave-
hemispherical, each consisting of
10-20 sporangia, laterally con-
: : nate in a circular series, and

Genes iigitly enlarged. No.1...” Opening by a slit on their interior

side.
1. K. esculifolia, Blume; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. ¢. 229;

Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 59 A—Java and Philippine
Islands. !

Oxprr II.—_OPHIOGLOSSACE.

Flowerless plants consisting of straight evolved fronds, which
produce from their disk or base a rachiform, simple or com-
pound paniculate spike, of unilocular, sessile, connate, homo-
geneous cases (sporangia), opening by a vertical slit in two
valves, containing reproducing spores.

155. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn.

Fronds erect or pendulous, with dissimilar fertile and sterile
segments, or rarely the whole frond rachiform, Sterile frond or
segments foliaceous, simple, entire, palmately lobed or dicho-
tomously branched. Veins reticulated. Fertile segments spike-
like, simple or rarely forked. Sporangia connate, in two rows,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 271

forming a distichous, synangeous spike, each cell opening
horizontally in two equal valves.

Genus 155.—Plant natural size ; fertile spike enlarged. No.3.

Fronds erect, the sterile segments ovate or linear (Terrestrial).
(Euophioglossum.)

1. O. Lusitanicum, Linn.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 80;
Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 51 C; Sowerby’s
Ferns, t. 47. Ophioglossum vulgatum, var. angusti-
folium, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 47—South of Europe.

2.0. pedunculosum, Desv.; Kumze, Fil. t, 29, f. 2—
North America.

272 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

3. O. vulgatum, Linn. ; Schh. Fil. t. 153; Hook. Gen. Pil.
4.59 B; Eng. Bot. t. 108; Lindl. and Moore's Brit.
Ferns, t. 51 B; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 46; Sowerby’s
Ferns, t. 46.— Temperate Zone of the Northern
Hemisphere.

4, O. reticulatum, Linn. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.20 (Plum.
Fil. t. 164).—Tropics.

** Fronds pendulous; the sterile segments ribbon-formed,
usually dichotomously branched (Hpiphytal). (Ophioderma.)
5. O. pendulum, Linn.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.19; Hook.

Gard. Ferns, t. 33.—Tropics of Hastern Hemisphere.

6. O.fureatum, J. Sm. Ophioglossum pendulum ; /3 furcatum,
Presi, Tent. Pterid. Supp. p. 56.—Queensland.
*** Fronds palmate, pendulous. (Cheiroglossa.)

7. O. palmatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. t. 163); Hook. Ic, Pl. t.4.
—West Indies, New Granada, Peru, Brazil, Mauritius.

156. HELMINTHOSTACHYS, Kaulf.

Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments.
Sterile segments foliaceous, digitate, pedate. Veins forked;

Genus 156.—Portion of sterile pinna, natura! size ; ditto enlarged;
fertile spike, natural size. No. 1.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 273

venules free. Fertile segment w rachiform spike. Sporangia
subglobose, sessile, in pedicellate crested whorls (rarely distinct),

‘ forming a clustered simple spike, opening vertically by a slit on
the exterior side.

1. H. Zeylanica, Hook. Gen. Fil. t.47 B; Hook. 2nd Cent.
Ferns, t. 94; Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 28. Osmunda
Zeylanica, Linn. Helminthostachys dulcis, Kaulf.
—Ceylon, Malay, Molucca, Philippine, and other
islands,

157. BOTRYCHIUM, Linn.

Fronds erect, with dissimilar sterile and fertile segments.
Sterile segments foliaceous, deltoid, bi-tripinnatifidly decom-

Genus 157.—Portion of barren and fertile segmeuts, natural size; fertile
enlarged.

2

274 - FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

pound, rarely pinnate. Veins forked; venules free. Fertile
segments rachiform, compound paniculate. Sporangia distinct,
in two unilateral rows, opening vertically in two equal valves.

1. B. simplex, Hitchcock ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 82.—
North America.

2. B. Lunaria, Sw. ; Schk. Fil. t.154; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.47 A ;
Lindl. and Moore’s Brit. Ferns, t. 51 A; Hook. Brit.
Ferns, t. 48; Sowerby’s Ferns, ¢. 45. Osmunda
Lunaria, Linn. Eng. Bot. t. 318;— rataceum.
Botrychium rutaceum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 155 B—
Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

3. B. lunarioides, Sw. Botrypus lunarioides, Miche. ;—
PB obliquum, A, Gray. Botrychium obliquum, Muhi.
B. lunarioides, Schk. Fil. t=. 157;— y dissectum,
A, Gray. Botrychium dissectum, Spr.; Schk. Fil.
#.158.— North America,

4. B. Virginicum, Willd. Osmunda Virginica, Linn. Botry-
chium Virginianum, Sw.; Schk. Fil, t, 156; Hook,
Gard. Ferns, t. 29.—Temperate Zone of the Northern
Hemisphere, Tropical America, East Indies, and
Ceylon,

Orvrz IV—LYCOPODIACE:.

Flowerless moss or fern-like plants, consisting of firm, erect,
creeping or pendulous, simple or branched, often flagelliform
stems, furnished with acerose, rusciform or jungermannia-like,
sessile leaves, which are generally imbricate, and often disti-
chous and of two kinds, bearing in their axis, or on contracted
terminal spikes, 1—3-celled reniform or globose sessile spore-
cases (sporangia), of one or of two forms; one called Antheri-
dangia, containing numerous spores ; the other Oophoridangia,
containing 1-3-8 large spores.

158. PSILOTUM, Sw.

Stems dichotomously forked, compressed or angular, rigid,
erect or slender, pendulous; leaves obsolete or small, bract- .

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 275

like. Sporangia subglobose, trilobed, vertically trivalved,
solitary in the axis of the bract-like leaves. ,

Genus 158.—Portion of fertile frond, natural size; spore-case
enlarged. No.1.
1. P. triquetrum, Sw.; Schk. Fil. t. 165 6; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 87; Lodd. Cab. t. 1916. Lycopodium nudum,
Linn. — Tropics and sub-tropical regions of both
hemispheres.

159. LYCOPODIUM, Linn.

Stems rigid, erect or slender, flagelliform, pendulous or
creeping ; leaves acerose, subulate or rusciform, distant or
imbricate. Sporangia reniform, vertically bivalved, solitary in .
the axis of the leaves, or in terminal, rarely lateral, contracted,
ament-like spikes. Spores numerous, small, uniform (Antheri-
dangia only ?).

TQ

276 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

* Stems creeping. (Epigeous.)

1. L. clavatum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t.162; Eng. Bot. t. 224.—
Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Britain.

2. L. annotinum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t.160; Eng. Bot. ¢. 239,
— Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

3. L. inundatum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t.162; Eng. Bot. t.1727.
—Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

Genus 159.— Portion of plant, natural size; spore-case enlarged. -

** Stems erect. (Epigeous.)
4. L. Selago, Linn.; Schk. Fil. t. 159; Eng. Bot. t. 233.—
Europe, Britain.

5. L. alpinum, Linn.; Schk. Fil. 1.161; Eng, Bot. ¢.234.—
Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemisphere,
Britain.

6. L.densum, Labil. Nov. Toll. 2, ¢. 251, f. 1—Australia.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 277

7. L. fastigiatum, R. Br—New Zealand.

8. L. complanatum, Linn. (Plum. Fil. ¢. 165, f. B); Schk.
Ful. ¢. 163.—Temperate Zone of the Northern Hemi-
sphere.

9. L. dendroideum, Micha. ; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 21.—North
America.

10. L. cernuum, Linn. (Rheed. Mal. t. 2, ¢. 39); Burm. Fl.
Zey: t. 66 (Plum. Fil. t. 155, f. A).—Tropics; very
general.

*ke Stems pendulous. (Epiphytal.)

1l. L. Phlegmaria, Linn. (Rheed. Mal. 12, ¢.14).—Tropics of

the Eastern Hemisphere. :

12. L. verticilatum, Linn.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 48.—
Mauritius.

18. L. ulicifolium, Vent.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 27.—India.
14, L. Hookeri, Wall. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 165.—India.
15. L. taxifolium, Sw.; Willd. Sp. Pl.5, p,48.—West Indies.

160. SELAGINELLA, Spring.

Fern-like plants. Stems of frondules creeping, sub-ascending
or erect, scandent, of undefined extension (surculose), or rising

Genus 160.—Portion of plant, and the two kinds of spore-cases enlarged.

singly from an underground elongating stolon (cawlescent), or
in a fasciculate manner from a simple erect centre (roswlate) ;

278° FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

leaves generally imbricate, distichous, jungermannia-like, of
two sizes; the smaller stipuleform. Sporangia reniform,
vertically bivalved, sessile in the axis of the leaves, or on con-
tracted terminal spikes. Spores of two forms: in some,
sporangia (Antheridangia) small and numerous; in others
(Oophoridangia), 3-4, large.

A. Plant leafy on all sides,
1. 8. spinulosa, Spring. Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn. ;
Schk., Fil. t.165; Eng. Bot. t.1148.—Europe, Britain.

2. 8. uliginosa, Lab. Nov. Holl. 2, p. 104, t. 251, f. 2; Willd.
Sp. Pl. 5, p.32.—Australia and Tasmania.

B. Leaves distichous.
Ҥ 1. Plants surculose.
+ Stems decumbent, creeping.

3. S. Apus, Spring. Monogr. p.75. S. densa, Hort. Lycopo-
dium Brasiliense, Radd. Fil. Bras. 82, ¢. 1—North
America and Brazil.

4, S. Ludoviciana, A. Braun. Revise, No. 5.—Louisiana.

5. §. Helvetica, Link ; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 88. Lycopodium
Helveticum, Linn.—Europe, Switzerland.

6. S. denticulata, Link; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 82. Lyco-
podium denticulatum, Linn.—Central Europe.

7. S. delicatissima, A. Brawn. Revise, No.8, 8, microphylla,
Spring. —Columbia.

8.8. serpens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 102. Lycopodium
serpens, Desv. §. mutabalis, Hort. S. variabilis,
Hort. S. Jamaicensis, Hort.— Jamaica.

9. S. uncinata, Spring. Monogr.2, p. 109. 8. cesia, Hort—
China.

10. S. hortensis, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.p. 128. §. denticu-
lata, Hort.—South of Europe.

11. S. sarmentosa, A. Braun. S. patula, Spring. S. apo-
thecia, Hort.— West Indies.

12, 8. Poppigiana, Spring. ; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.56.—Tropical
erica.

13.

14,

16.

16.

i,

18.

19,

20.

21.

22,

23.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 279

8. stenophylla, 4. Braun. Revise, No. 35. 8. micro
phylla, Hort.—Mexico.

tt Stems sub-erect. Y

S. Martensii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 129. Lycopodium
stoloniferum, Link. Lycopodium Brasiliense, Hort—
Mexico.

S. Breynii, Spring. Monogr. 2,p. 119. 8S. Panamensis,
Hort. 8. Peppigiana, Hort——Guiana.

8. Galeottii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 220. Lycopodium
stoloniferum, Mart, e Gal. S. Sehottii, Hort—
Mexico,

S. sulcata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 214. Lycopodium
sulcatum, Desv.—Columbia.

8, atroviridis, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 124. Lycopodium
atvogidiae, Wall. ; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 839.—East
Indies.

S. inequalifolia, Spring. Monogr. 2,p.148. Lycopodium
ineequalifolium, Hook. et Grev.—Hast Indies and
Java,

8. ciliata, A. Braun. Revise, No.14. Lycopodium ciliatum,
Willd.—Tropical America.

8. Griffithii, Spring. ; Veitch. Cat. (1861).—Borneo.,

ttt Stems scandent.

S. levigata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 1387. Lycopodium
levigatum, Willd. Lycopodium Willdenovii, Desv.
Selaginella ceesia, var. arborea, Hort. S&S. altissima,
Klot.—Kast Indies.

§ 2. Plants caulescent.

S. caulescens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 158. Lycopodium
caulescens, Wail. var. minor, Veitch. Cat. (1861). —
East Indies.

. §. erythropus, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 156. Lycopodium

erythropus, Mart, Ic. Sel. Pl. Crypt. t. 20, f. 3.—
Tropical America.

. S. viticulosa, Klot.; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 186. —

Columbia.

. 8. flabellata, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 174. Lycopodium

flabellatum, Zinn.—Columbia and Peru.

280 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

27, &. filicina, Spring. Monogr. 2, p.189. §.dichrous, Hort.
—Columbia and Peru.

28, S. Africana, A. Braun. Revise, No. 23. S. Vogelii, Spring.
—Fernando Po.

29. S. pubescens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p.173. Lycopodium
pubescens, Wall. S. Willdenovii, Hort—Hast Indies.

30. S. Lyallii, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 168. Lycopodium
Lyallii, Hook. et Grev—Madagascar.

31. 8. Lobbii, Hort. ; A. Braun. Revise, App. No. 26; Veitch.
Cat. (1861).—Borneo.

32. 8. Wallichii, Hort.; Veitch. Cat. (1861).—Penang.

§ 3. Plants rosulate.

33. 8. cuspidata, Link; Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 66. S. pal-
lescens, Klot. S. circinalis, Hort—Tropical America.

34. S. convoluta, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 69. Lycopodium
convolutum, Walk. and Arnott. Lycopodium para-
doxa, Hort.—Tropical America.

35. S. involvens, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 63. ‘Lycopodium
involvens, Si.—India.

36. S. lepidophylla, Spring. Monogr. 2, p. 27. Lycopodium
lepidophyllum, Hook. et Grev.—Mexico.

Onver V—MARSILEACE ZB,

Plants growing in, or floating in water (rarely not in water),
very varicus in character, consisting of grass or trefoil-like
leaves, or branched with imbricated leaves, bearing sporangia
(conceptacles*) at their roots, or base, or on the footstalks, or on
small branchlets on the under side, which are 1-4, or many-
ceited.

161. MARSILEA, Linn.

Plants with quadrifid (trefoil-like) leaves on along footstalk,
from a rhizome growing under water. Sporangia (conceptacles)
borne on the rhizome at the base of the footstalk, or pedicellate

* A hollow case containing spore-cases; a compound sporangium

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 281

on the footstalk, 2-valved, containing numerous obovate recep-
tacles in two longitudiual series, bearing cellular vesicles of

Genus 161.—Plant with spore-cates, natural size. No. 1.

two kinds — 1. (Antheridangia), containing numerous small
spores; 2. (Oophoridangia), containing a single large spore.

1. M, quadrifolia, Linn.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 588; Schk.
Crypt. t. 173.— Germany.

2. M. macropus, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 909; Gard. Ferns, t. 63;
Seemann, Journ. Bot. 1, p. 6. (The Nardoo plant of
Australian explorers.)— Australia.

282 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

162. PILULARIA, Linn.

Plants with filiform leaves, from a creeping rhizome under
water. Sporangia (conceptacles) radical (at the base of the leaves
on the rhizome), globose, coriaceous, 2—4-celled, 2-4-valved, each

Genus 162.—Plant, natural size. No.1.

cell containing different kinds of bodies :—1. (Antheridangia),
consisting of vesicles containing many minute granular spores ;
2. (Oophoridangia), each containing a single large spore.

1. P. globulifera, Linn.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 535; Bolt.

Fil. t. 40; Schk. Crypt. t.173; Hng. Bot, ¢, 521. —
Europe and Britain.

163. ISOETES, Linn.

Plants with awl-shaped leaves, from a thick creeping rhizome
under water or out of water. Sporangia (conceptacles) borne in the

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 283

axis of the leaves at their base, globose, 1-celled, traversed by
thread-like receptacles of two kinds: —1. (Antheridangia),
containing numerous small spores; 2. (Oophoridangia), con-
atining large 4-sided spores.

Genus 163.—Plant, uatural size. No.1.

1. L. lacustris, Linn.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5, p. 584; Bolt, Fil,
t.41; Schk. Crypt. t.173; Eng. Bot. 1084.— Europe,
Britain,

284

ADDENDA.

—+eee

A CONSIDERABLE time having elapsed since the pre-
ceding Enumeration was prepared and sent to the
press, has enabled me to note a number of recently
introduced, and a few omitted older species, which I
now enumerate in the form of addenda.

N.B.—Those marked thus + after the name of the country
are entered on the authority of Mr. T. Moore’s notices of them,
in the Proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society and the
Gardeners’ Chronicle newspaper ; not having myself seen them
alive or obtained specimens.

38. LOMARIOPSIS.

2*, L. fraxinea, J. Sm. Lomana fraxinea, Willd. Acro-
stichum (Lomariopsis) sorbifolium, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5,
p. 241 (non J. Sm.).—Mauritius.

Oxss.—This is a very distinct plant from the West Indian
type of L. sorbifolia.

50. GYMNOGRAMMA.

§ 7. Ampelogramma, J. Sm. Vernation sarmentose, according
to Hook. ; fronds indefinite ; rachis flexuose ; pinne bi-tripinnate,
refracted ; pinnules small, cuneiform.

18. G. flexuosa, Desv.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 192. G. retro-

fracta, Hook. et Grev. Bot. Misc. 8, ¢, 112.—Tropical
America,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 285

62, DICTYOPTERIS.

2. D. macrodonta, Presl, Tein. Pterid.; J. Sin. Gen. Fil.
Philipp. ; Hook. Journ. Bot. 3, p. 396. Polypodium
macrodon, Reinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Aspidium difforme,
Blume, accord. to Reinw. in Herb. J. Sm. Polypo-
dium confluens, Wall.—East Indies, Malayan Archi-
pelago, Fiji.

Oss.—In Herbariums and books there is great confusion
in the synonymy of what, according to Garden plants, seem
to be two distinct species ; — viz., Dictyopteris wregularis and
D. macrodon of Presl; judging from Herbarium specimens, they
are difficult to be recognized as distinct ; but living plants show
the first to have erect vernation, the other decumbent.

The Kew Collection is indebted for this species, as also the
beautiful Mécrolepia platyphylla, and others, to Mr. Robert
Kennedy, Florist and Fern-dealer in Covent Garden.

3. D. Cameroonianis, J. Sm. Polypodium (Dictyopteris)
Cameroonianum, Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p.104. Dictyopteris
varians, Moore, in Gard. Chron. (1864).— Tropical
West Africa.

Oxzs.—A plant of this Fern was sent some time ago from Old
Calabar to the Royal Botanic Gardengdiginburgh, and I am
indebted for a specimen of it to Mr. James McNab, the
Curator of that truly scientific garden.

63. MENISCIUM.

3*, M. angustifolium, Willd.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 5, p. 164.—
Tropical America,

65. NEPHRODIUM.
4*, N. cyatheoides, Kaulf.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, 4.241. Poly-
stichum Dubreuillianum, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot.
Crypt. t. 9 —Sandwich Islands.
Ozs.—It is but right to observe that this remarkable species,
as also the Sandwich Island Ferns in this addenda, with the
previously entered Phegopteris wridentata, and the remarkable

286 FERNS : BRITISH AND, FOREIGN.

Colysis Spectrum, also the beautiful Cibotium Menziesit, were
sent to the Royal Gardens, Kew, from the Sandwich Islands by
Dr. Hillebrand, in 1863.

68. CYRTOMIUM.

1*, C. Fortunei, J. Sm. Fronds 1-14 foot long, pinnate ;
pinne lanceolate, faleate, acuminate, 2-3 inches long,
1 inch wide, entire, the base oblique, the inferior
rounded, the superior truncate and subauriculate.
Costa ebenous, upper surface dull, unreflecting. Sort
numerous.—Japan.

Oxs.—In Herbaria, specimens of this cannot readily be dis-

tinguished from C. falcatum ; but on seeing living plants stand-

ing side by side, the difference is evident ; C. Fortunei being a
smaller-growing plant, thinner in texture, and not lucid and
reflecting light, as C. falcatum.

70. ASPIDIUM.

3*, A. polymorphum, Wall. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 54 (ewelud,
syn.).—India, Ceylon.

3**, A. Barteri, J. Sm. Vernation erect. Fronds pinnate,
1-2 feet high; pinnz linear-lanceolate, 6-7 inches
long, 1-13 broad; the lower pair sometimes binate,
or auriculated on the lower margin. Sori regularly
biserial between the primary veins. Indusiwm small,
fugaceous. Aspidium polymorphum, Wall. ac-
cording to Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 54.—West Africa,
Fernando Po.

Oxzs.—This is quite distinct from the preceding species.
In A. Barteri the sort are perfectly serial, whereas in A. poly-
morphum the sort are scattered.

‘

74, POLYSTICHUM.

6*. P. lepidocaulon, J.8m. Aspidium lepidocaulon, Hook.
Sp. Fil. 4, t. 217—Japan.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 287

Oxzs.—On receiving this plant, it accorded so well with the
Indian specimen of P. obliguum, which led to that name being
inserted at p. 149, but the plant grew out of its imported form ;
and if the Indian plant (which has not yet been introduced)
should assume the character of this by cultivation, then this
name must become a synonym.

The introduction of this species is due to Mr. Richard Oldham,
the last special collector of plants sent out from Kew, who,
after remaining three years in Japan, visited Formosa, where
his health failed. He returned to Amoy, and there died in
November, 1864.

10*. P. coneavum, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 377. Lastrea
Standishii, Hort.—Japan.t

10**, P. ordinatum, Fée ; Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 367.—
Tropical America.+

75, LASTREA.

29*, L. spectabilis, J. Sm. in Enum. Fil. Philipp. Hook. Journ.
Bot. 8 (1841). Aspidium spectabile, Blume.—Philip-
pine and Malayan Islands, India.

41*, L. sparsa, Moore. Nephrodium sparsum, Don. As-
pidium purpurascens, Blume, according to Hook. Sp.
Fil. 8, p. 188, t. 262.—Throughout India, Java, and
Ceylon.

41**, L. latifrons, J. Sm. Nephrodium (Lastrea) Jatifrons,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 4, p. 138.—Sandwich Islands.

41***, I, membranifolia, Presl, Pterid. Nephrodium mem-

branifolium, Presl, Relig. Haenk. t. 6, f.3; Hook. Sp.
Fil. 4, ¢, 26.—India, Ceylon.

79. NEPHROLEPIS.

3*, N. falciformis, J. Sm. Fronds suberect, linear, pinnate,
14-2 feet in length; pinne: numerous; the sterile
(lower ones) elliptical, obtuse, base truncate; the
superior ones fertile, lanceolate, falcate, acute, sub-
deflexed, 13 inch long by 3 inch wide; base truncate,

288 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

subauriculate on the upper margin. ‘Sort uniserial,
antimarginal. Indusiwm suborbicular—Borneo.

Oxs.—The affinity of this species is with N. tuberosa 3 but
seeing the two plants together, the difference is readily seen.

79a. ISOLOMA, J. Sm.

Vernation fasciculate, erect, stoloniferous. Fronds linear,
1-2 feet long, pinnate; pinnew oblong, elliptical or lanceolate,
falcate, coriaceous, the base truncate and subauriculated;
petiole short, articulated with the rachis. Veins forked; sterile

Genus 79a.—Portion of sterile frond and a fertile pinna, natura »..
itto enlarged. No. 1.

venules free, the fertile transversely combined at the margin,
forming a continuous receptacle. Indusiwm linear, interiorly
attached, plane, equal with and conniving with the margin,
forming with it a vertical exteriorly open groove, containing
the sporangia.

1. I, lanuginosa, J. Sm. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1, p. 420.
Lindsea lanuginosa, Wall.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1, t. 69 B.
—Singapore, Penang, New Guinea, and Seychelles
Islands,

AN ENUMERATION OF CULTIVATED FERNS. 289

Oss.—This remarkable Fern has lately been added to the Kew
collection, having been sent from the Mauritius Botanic Garden
by Mr. John Horn.* In general habit and appearance this Fern
is the prototype of Nephrolepis; but is distinguished by the
receptacles being laterally confluent, forming a linear marginal
sorus, similar to that of Lindscea, from which it is, however,
quite distinct in habit.

81, PHEGOPTERIS.

2*, P. plumosa, J. Sm. Asplenium Felix-foomina, var. plu-
mosum, Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, oct. ed. p. 56;
Lowe’s New Ferns, t.14,—Yorkshire (Mr. Stansfield).

Ons.—A few years ago three plants of this Fern were found
. wild in Yorkshire. It was soon alterwards described and figured
in the works above quoted, under the name of Asplenium Felix-
fomina,var.plumosum ; but upon what grounds it was referred tc
Asplenie I cannot explain, as all the specimens I have examined
of ithave small, punctiform, naked sori, perfectly characteristic
of the genus Phegopteris, with which it also agrees in habit.
This leaves me no other alternative than to consider it a species
of that genus, and consequently a new British species. In
doing so, the question arises.as to whether it represents an
ancient species not before noticed, or the modern result arising
from the power of nature to generate new forms, in accordance
with the Darwinian Theory of creation of species. It is, how-
ever, to be observed that in abnormal or difformed states of
Aspleniwm and Scolopendrium, the sori are depauperated, in
some instances having no vestige of an indusium; but such is
not the case with this plant. The fronds are perfect in every
respect, and if Herbarium specimens had been received from
some furcisu country, no Pteridologist, on seeing the naked sori,
would retur it to Asplenive.

93, ADIANTUM,

35*. A. Gheisbeghtii, Backhouse, Cat. (P) A. tenerum, var.
(J. Sm.)—Tropical America.t+

* Who left Kew in 1861 to be assis aut to Mr. Duncan, See page 16
U

290 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

39%. A. colpodes, Moore, Gard. Chron. (1865).—Ecuador.t

44, A. tinctum, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc. 11, 369.—Tropical
America.f

96. PTERIS.

20%. P. straminea, Metten. P. crispa, Hort. (non Linn.).—
Chili.
97. LITOBROCHIA.

14*, L. areolata, Moore. Pteris areolata, Lowe’s New Ferns
t. 57.—India.t

102. LOMARIA.

2%, L. rigida, J. Sm. Vernation fasciculate, erect, becoming
ceespitose. Fronds (the sterile) lanceolate, 8-10 inches
long, 13-2 inches broad, erect, rigid, pinnatifid to the
rachis; sinus acute; segments alternate, contiguous,
lanceolate, falcate, finely serrulate; the lower ones
decreasing in size and obtuse. Veins evident. Fertile
fronds as broad and rigid as the sterile; segments be-
coming involute, densely sporangiferous.— Chatham
Islands.

12%, L. Germanii, Hook. Sp. Fil. 8, 1. 152. LL. crenulata,
Hort.—Chili,

110. ASPLENIUM.
33%. A. Kaulfussii, Schlecht, Adwm. (29 in obs.). A. protensum,
Kaulf. (non Schrad.).—Sandwich Islands.

19*. A. tenerum, Forst.; Schk. Fil. t. 69.—Islands of the
‘Pacific, Ceylon.

92", A. nigripes, DMetten. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. 8, p. 222.—Ceylon.

AN ENUMERATION OF CULIIVATED FERNS. 291

127. DICKSONTIA.
6. D. Youngii, Moore, Proc. Hort. Soc.—New South Wales.+

128. CIBOTIUM.
4, C. regale, Linden; Moore, Gard. Chron. (1864), 414. ~

Mexico.+
CYATHEA.
5*, C. princeps, J. Sm. Cibotium princeps, Linden, Cat.—
Mexico.

Ozs.—Plants of this Fern were sent to this country under the
name of Cibotiwm princeps ; but a plant in Messrs. Lee’s nursery
having produced fructification during 1865 proves it to be a
Cyathea.

Abstract of the number of species, and date of intro-
duction :—

Exotic species at Kew in 1822... 14. eee oer 40
Do. My Enumeration of Kew Ferns, 1846 ... 355
Do. My Catalogue of Cultivated Ferns, 1857... 559

This Enumeration, Exotic and British ... 1028

Do. Fern Allies, Exotic and
British ... 1. .. 56
To.lin 1865... .., ... 1084

In closing this enumeration, I deem it necessary
to state that a few species recently introduced to
the Kew collection have failed to become esta-
blished, after their names were entered on the list;
the principal uf which are: Dicranoglossum furcatum,
Aconiopteris nervosa, Pleocnemia Leuziana, Adian-
tum lunulatum, Lomaria Fraseri, Asplenium lanceum,
A. radiatum, Antigramma repanda, Polystichwm
anomalum, Loxsoma Ounninghamit, Kaulfussia escu-
lefolia. Also the following, entered from my cata-

u 2

292 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

logue of 1857, were not inthe Kew collection in 1864,
viz., Gymnogramma rutcefolia, Hemionites pedata,
Notholena lanuginosa, Myriopteris vestita, Onychium
auratum, Blechnum triangulare, Nephrolepis undulata,
Lindsea guianensis, Schizoloma ensifolia, Thyrsopteris
elegans, Botrychium virginicum.

Several special causes which lead ‘to the loss of
species have already been noticed. I did not intend
to advert to them again; but the recent death of
Sir W. J. Hooker * necessitates me to repeat what I
have stated at pages 42 and 43, where, in speaking
of my having resigned the charge of the Kew collec-
tion, I said that “happily it remains under the
direction of Sir W. J. Hooker.’ These words will
now apply to Dr. Hooker, the present Director, whose
name is sufficient in itself to sustain the scientific
reputation of Kew. Let us hope that the general
collection of living plants of the Botanic Garden, now
famous for more than a century,t will not suffer by
the modern taste for showy flowers, and what is
now fashionably called “ foliage plants.”

* Died August 12th, 1865.
+ Number of species at Kew in 1768 .. .. 8,400
Ditto 1786 .. .. 5,500
Ditto 1813 .. 9,800
Since the latter date no general catalogue has been pub-
lished, and no public record kept of the plants introduced
or lost.

293

ETYMOLOGY.

—— ot

ANY cultivators and plant amateurs, not versed
in scientific literature, complain of the (to
them) difficulty to pronounce names given. to plants
by botanists. This complaint is, however, more
imaginary than real. They have only to recollect
that time and use has made them perfectly familiar
with such names as Pelargonium, Geranium, Hydran-
gea, Calceolaria, Rhododendron,Chrysanthemum, Mesem-
bryanthemum, Elscholizia, Fuchsia, and many others
now fluently spoken as if they were original words of
their mother-tongue. Others say, these long-sounding
names would be more readily reconciled to them. if
the meaning and bearing upon the plant were ex-
plained. To meet this desire, I have drawn up the
following table, showing the derivation of the genera
of Ferns characterized in the preceding pages.

As a general rule, it may be admitted that names
of plants are derived from three principal sources.
The first, and greater number, being generally a com-
pound of two Greek words. The second, names of
persons, with the addition of a Latin termination. The
third source is various; such as the adoption of local
aboriginal names,names from Heathen Mythology, and

294 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

often words of doubtful origin, and unmeaning appli-
cation to the plants, have been given as generic
names by even the most learned botanists.

N.B.—For all names ending and beginning with
Pteris, see Pteris.

Aconiopteris, akon, a point, and pteris; the veins forming sharp
angles close to the margin of the frond in the typical
species.

Acrostichum, akros, highest, stichos, order ; the fructification at
the top of the fronds.

Adiantum, adiantos, dry; when plunged in water comes out
dry.

Alsophila, alsos, grove, phileo, to love; grows in groves and
shady places.

Amphidesmium, amphi, around, or on both sides, desmos, a
band; relating to the position of the sori to one another.

Anapeltis, ano, without, peltis, shield; the sori naked, in oppo-
sition to Pleopeltis.

Anchistea, agnati, kindred, intermediate between Woodwardia
and Doodia.

Anemia, aneimon, naked; naked spikes of fructification.

Anemidictyon, veins reticulated ; not free as in Anemia.

Anetium, probably from the Greek anaitios, guiltless. This is
perhaps meant to indicate that A. citrifolium had been put
wrongfully to Acrostichum.

Angiopteris, angio, open, pteris; the open sporangia.

Antigramma, anti, opposite, gramma, a line; the linear sori
being in pairs opposite to each other.

Autrophyum, antrum, a den or hollow; the receptacles of
sporangia being in a grove or channel.

Arthropteris, arthron, joint, pteris; the frond and pinnss being
articulate.

Aspidium, aspidos; the indusium being like a buckler or
shield.

Asplenium, a, privative, splen, the spleen; medical qualities.

Balantium, balantion, a purse or bag; the form of the indu-
sium.

Blechnum, one of the Greek names for a fern.

Botrychium, botrys, bunch or raceme; the fructification like a
bunch of grapes.

ETYMOLOGY. 295

Brainea, in honour of C. Braine, Esq., who introduced the first
plant.

Callipteris, kallos, beautiful, and pteris, beautiful fern.

Campyloneurum, kamptos, arched, newron, a nerve; the veins
forming arches.

Ceratopteris, keras, keratos, a horn, pieris; horned fern. ,

Ceterach, a name given by Persian physicians.

Cheilanthes, chedlos, lip or margin, anthos, flower; the fructifi-
cation on the margin. .

Cibotium, kibotos, a casket or coffer; the form of the
indusium.

Cincinalis, meaning unknown.

Colysis, kolysis, separation, a species separated from other genera.

Coniogramma, konis, dust, gramma, a line; imperfect sporangia,
but not applicable in perfect specimens.

Cryptogramma, kiyptos, hidden, gramma, a line or writing ; the
lines of fructitication being hidden.

Cyathea, kyathos, a cup; the form of indusium.

Cyclodium, kyklos, circle; the form of indusium.

‘Cyclopeltis, kyklos, circular, peléis, shield; the form of indu-
sium,

‘Cystopteris, kystos, a bladder; the inflated indusium,

Danza, in. honour of Pierre Martin Dana, a Piedmont
botanist.

Davallia, in honour.of Edmond Davall, a Swiss botanist.

Dicksonia, in honour of James Dickson, a British crypto-
gamist.

Dicranoglossum, dikranos, forked, glossa, tongue; the fronds
forked and pendulous.
. Dictymia, diktyon, a net; the netted venation.
' Dictyogramma, diktyon, gramma, a line; the sori reticulated.
Dictyopteris, diktyon, pteris; the veins reticulated.
Dictyoxiphium, diktyon, wiphion, sword; the veins reticulated,
and the form of the frond.

Didymochlena, didynos, two or double, chlena, a cloak; the
indusium being double.

Diplazium, diplazo, to be double; two indusia on the same
receptacle.

Doodia, in honour of Samuel Doody, a London apothecary, and
_ British cryptogamist.

296 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Doryopteris, dory, spear or halbert, pteris ; form of the fronds.

Drymoglossum, drymos, wood, glossa, tongue; the fronds like
tongues on trees.

Drynaria, dryads; the sterile fronds being like oak leaves,
which tree was sacred to the Dryads.

Dryomenis, dryos, dryads (as above), meniskos, a crescent ; shape
of the sori.

Egenolfia, in honour of Christian Egenolph, a German author
of a book on herbs. ; ;

Elaphoglossum, elaphos, a stag, glossa, tongue; the fronds
being like the stag’s tongue.

Eupodium, eu, good, pous, podos, a foot; the sorus having a
foot-stalk.

Fadyenia, in honour of Dr. M‘Fadyen, an eminent physician
in Jamaica.

Feea, in honour of Mons. A. L. A. Fée, Professor of Botany at
Strasburg, a celebrated writer on ferns.

Gleichenia, in honour of Baron P. F.von Gleichen, a German
botanist.

Goniophlebium, gonia, angle, phlebes, veins; the veins meeting,
forming angles.

Goniopteris, gonia, angle, pteris ; the veins meeting, forming
angles,

Grammitis, gramma, a line; the sori being linear.

Gymnogramma, gymnos, naked, gramma, Bite the sori on the
veins in lines, and naked.

Gymnopteris, gymnos, naked, pteris; the fructification naked.

Haplopteris, haploos, simple, pteris ; simple venation.

Helminthosiachys, helminthos, worm, stachys, a spike; the
fructification in compact spikes, worm-like.

Hemidictyum, hemi, half, diktyon, a net ; the outer portion only
‘of the veins being reticulated.

Hemionites, a name given by ancient botanists to a plant now
called Aspleniwm hemionites, but retained as a generic name
fora West Indian fern by Linnzeus.

Humata, humatus, humid; in opposition to Adiantum.

Hymenodium, hymen, membrane; the character of the frond.

Hymenolepis, hymen, membrane, lepis, a scale; membraneous
scales covering the fructification.

ETYMOLOGY. : 297

Hymenophyllum, hymen, membrane, phyllon, leaf; “ Filmy-
leaf Fern.”

Hymenostachys, hymen, membrane, stachys, a spike; the firuc-
tification on spikes.

Hypoderris, hypo, under, derma, skin; the indusium under the
sori, like a thin skin.

Typolepis, hypo, under, lepis, a scale; the sporangia under
the indusium.

Isoetes, isos, equal, etes, the year; remaining the same through-
out the year.

Isoloma, isos, equal, loma, a border or margin; the indusium
and margin equal.

Kaulfussia, in honour of D. G. F. Kaulfuss, of Halle, a celee
brated writer on ferns.

Lastrea, in compliment to Chev. de Lastre, a French nobleman.

Lepicistis, lepis, scale, kistis, a cyst or cell; the sori being im-
mersed in scales, which form a cyst.

Leptochilus, leptos, slender, cheilos, lip ; narrow indusium.

Leptogramma, leptos, slender, gramma, a line; short linear sori.

Leucostegia, leukos, white, stegos,a cover; the indusium being
pale-coloured, approaching white.

Lindsza, in honour of Dr. Lindsay, of Jamaica, a writer on
the germination of mosses and ferns.

Lithobrochia, lithos, a stone, brocha, spots; the areoles of the
reticulated veins like pavement.

Llavea, named by Lagasca after a Mexican injcanen

Lomaria, loma, a fringe or border; relating to the indusium,

Lomariopsis, lomaria, opsis, like; like Lomaria,

Lonchitis, logche, a lance; form of pinnz.

Lopholepis, lophos, a crest, lepis, scale ; the sori being furnished
with a tuft of slender scales.

Lophosoria, lophos, crest or tuft; sori farnished with hairs like
a tuft.

Lorinseria, in honour of Gustave Lorinser, a Bohemian
physician.

Loxsoma, loxos, oblique, soma, band; the oblique broad ring of
the sporangium.

Lycopodium, lykos, wolf, pous ; foot-resemblance,

Lygodium, lygodes, flexible ; climbing plant.

298 FERNS: BRITISO AND. FOREIGN.

Marattia, in honour of J. F. Maratti, of Tuscany, who wrote
on ferns.

Marsilea, in honour of Count L. F. Marsigli, of Bologna.

Meniscium, meniskos, crescent ; shape of the fructification.

Mesochleena, mesos, middle, chlena, a cloak ; attachment of the
indnsium.

Microlepia, mikos, small, lepis, scale; the indusium small.

Microsorum, mikros, small; small sori.

Microstaphyla, mikros, small, staphyle, a bunch; the fertile
frond being like a little bunch.

Mohria, in honour of D. D. Mohr, a German botanist.

Myriopteris, myrios, myriad, pteris; the frond being divided
into a number of small parts,

Neottopteris, nevitia, nest, pteris; bird’s-nest fern.

Nephrodium, nephros, kidney ; form of the indusium.

Nephrolepis, xephros, kidney, lepis, scale; the indusium being
kidney-shaped and scale-like.

Neurocallis, newon, a nerve, kallos, beautiful; the venation.

Neurodium, neuron, nerve; the venation.

Niphobolus, niphes, of snow, bolos, a large pill; the under side of
the frond densely covered with white scales, snow-like and
the round sori.

Niphopsis, niphos, of snow, opsis, like; like niphobolus.

Notholana, nothos, spurious, chlena, cloak; the imperfect
indusium.

Ochropteris, ochros, pale; pale fern.

Odontosoria, odontos, of a tooth, sori; the sori-like teeth.

Oleandra, resemblance to Nerium Oleander; the Oleander.

Olfersia, in honour of Professor Olfers, a celebrated astro-
nomer.

Onoclea, onos, a vessel, kleio, to enclose; the rolled-up
fertile segments of the frond.

Onychium, onychion,.a little nail; resemblance to the fertile
segments of the fronds.

Ophioglossom, ophios, of a serpent, glossa, tengues ; the spikes
of fructification.

Osmunda, Osmunder, one of the names of Thor, a Celtic
divinity.

Paragramma, para, near to, gramma, a line; the sori in short
lines parallel with and close to the margin.

Pellaa, pellos, dark-coloured; the dusky colour of the fronds.

Phegopteris, phegos, beech ; beech fern, by some called sun fern.

ETYMOLOGY. 299

Phlebodium, phiebes, veins, odous, a tooth; the joining of the
veins in the areoles being like teeth.

Phymatodes, plymata, tubercles ; the impressed sori having
-the appearance of tubercles on the upper side of the
frond.

Pilularia, pilula, a pill; the form of the spore-cases.

Platycerium, platys, broad, keras, horn; the fronds divided in
broad segments like stags’ hors. (The stags’-horn
fern.)

Platyloma, platys, broad, loma, border ; oe broad sori close
to the margin.

Pleocnemia, pleos, full, knemia, rays; full of rays; the vena-
tion.

Pleopeltis, pleos full, peltis, shield; the sori being furnished with
numerous round scales.

Pleuridium, pleura, side (ribs); the primary veins being coste-
form, like ribs.

Peecilopteris, pelilos, spotted, pteris; the appearance of the
venation.

Polybotrya, polys, many, botrys, bunch ; hs fructification being
in bunch-like racemes.

Polypodium, polys, many, pous, foot; polypus; the rhizome,

' when destitute of the fronds, having the appearance of
some kind of sea-polypus.

Polystichum, olys, many, stichos, order; not specially
applicable to the genus Polystichum, as now defined.

Psilotum, psilos, naked; destitute of leaves.

Psomiocarpa, psomion, a small pellet, karpa, fruit; the
sporangia being in small round patches, in spikes.

Pteris, pteryx, wing; the scientific name given to the plant
known by the names of Brake, Bracken, and Fern;
on account of the supposed likeness of the branching
of its fronds to wings. This, being the commonest
ot all Ferns, has become the type “of the whole race;
hence Pteris means Fern, all generic names of ferns
ending in pteris; such as Ceratopteris means horned
Fern, Diotyopteris netted Fern; also, if at the beginning
of a word, as Pteridography, a book or writing on Ferns ;
Pieridologist, a studier and writer on Ferns; Péeridophilist,
a lover of Ferns.

Rhipidopteris, rhipis, fan; shape of the fronds like a fan.

300 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Saccoloma, sakkos, a bag or sack, loma, margin; the union of
the indusium with the margin, forming a hood or cyst.

Salpichlena, salpi, pipe, chlena, a cloak; the indusium being
like a pipe.

Schellolepis, schello, skeleton, lepis, scale; the character of the
scale surrounding the sori.

Schizoloma, schizo, I cut, loma, a border or margin; the sori in
the form of a slit on the margin of the frond.

Scolopendrium, skolopendra, a centipede; the appearance of
fructification on the under side of the frond.

Selaginella, the diminutive of selago (Lycopodiwm Selago).

Selliguea, in memory of M. Selligue, a French optician. _

Sitibolium,* sitos, food, bolos, a large pill; the appearance of
fructification.

Soromanes, soros, heap, mania, fancy; the sporangia in fanciful
and irregular heaps, ;

Stenochlena, stenos, narrow, chlena, cloak; narrow indusium.

Stenosemia, stenos, narrow, sema, standard; the fertile frond
with its narrow segments being like a flag.

Struthiopteris, struthios, ostrich ; the fronds being like the
feathers of an ostrich.

Thyrsopteris, thyrsos, bunch or raceme, pteris ; the fructification
in racemose bunches.

Todea, in honour of Henry Julius Tode, of Mecklenburg, an
experienced mycologist.

-Trichocarpa, thria, trichos, a hair, karpa, fruit ; the fructification

borne on a hair-like stalk.

Trichomanes, thriz, hair, manos, soft; the delicate nature of the
fronds, :

Trichopteris, thrix, hair, pteris; the sori being furnished with
hairs.

Vittaria, vitta, riband; shape of narrow fronds.

Woodsia, in honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British
botanist (died 1864),

Woodwardia, in honour of Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, an
English botanist.

Xiphopteris, wiphos, sword, pteris ; form of the frond.

* For Sitilobium, at page 236 and elsewhere in this work, read Sitidolium.

301

CULTIVATION,

—1o+—

1. Preztiminary Remarks.

AVING given an account of how the Exotic
Ferns of the preceding enumeration have been
introduced to this country, I shall now proceed to state
the best means for growing and preserving them in
our collections; and as the successful eultivation of
Ferns depends much upon a knowledge of the con-
ditions under which they grow in their native country,
I begin with a few observations on that point.
"Ferns have already been spoken of as favourites
with the plant-loving public; but it is not simply on
heir merits as pretty and interesting objects that they
claim attention. Geology reveals to us that Coal—
that source of our domestic comforts and national
greatness—is formed chiefly of Ferns, which at some
remote period grew upon the earth. However, this is
not the place to discuss the views and speculative
theories regarding the thermal and gaseous condition
of the earth and atmosphere, under which Ferns then
flourished, or to reason on the manner by which they
were converted into coal. I may simply remark that
fossil remains show, that contemporaneous with
Ferns grew plants of remarkable character, quite

302 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

distinct from those of the present era. Not so the
Ferns, for their beautiful and well-preserved remains
show that their fronds were of various sizes and forms,
in every way analogous to the present race; having
free and anastomosing venation, round and linear
fructification, and, in some instances, almost identical
with species now living. At present, Ferns rank
amongst the widest spread of all the orders of the
vegetable kingdom, being found in more or less
number in all climates, between the most northern and
southern limits of vegetable life, and at elevations
ranging from the sea-level to 14-15,000 feet within the
tropics, their number in any localities being generally
in proportion to the degree of atmospheric moisture in
conjunction with elevation, the latter applying specially
to the interior of continents. Comparatively few
spczies are found in open, grassy, thinly-wooded
countries, whether it be the plain or mountain-slope ;
such districts are often in full possession of the most
gregarious and abundant of all Ferns, the common
Brake (Pteris aquilina), which, under slightly different
forms, and in some countries accompanied by different
species of Gileichenia, occupy vast tracts of the earth’s
surface. In hot and moist plains, in valleys of great
extent, the number of different species are few; even
in the valley of the Amazon, teeming as it does with
vegetable life, the number of Ferns found by Dr.
Spruce after he left the coast Flora, at Para, in his
journey of 2,000 miles, were very few. They became
moré numerous on attaining an elevation of 1,500
feet, and in one locality, at a higher elevation, he
found 250 species in a diameter of fifty miles.
Another extensive tract with but few Ferns is the

CULTIVATION. 303

dry zone of Northern Africa, and few have as yet
been recorded from the interior of Australia; while,
on the contrary, on elevated coast-ridges and islands,
they form a large proportion of the entire Flora.
They are the most numerous, both in regard to genera
and species, in the tropical regions, where, too, a
greater number of individual plants are to be found
than in temperate regions.*

On reviewing the above, it may readily be supposed
that the varied influences under which Exotic Ferns
naturally grow, necessitate various kinds of treatment
for cultivating and preserving them in this country ;
but such is not the case. As might be expected,
our native representatives (although only forty-two
in number) have received special attention. We have
Fern Tourists in plenty; almost every spot of our
country, where are conditions congenial to their
development, has become more or less familiar to
those who take an interest in their study—in the
damp shady glen, the wildest wood, banks of streams,
mountain-sides, whether it be in their sheltered easy
slopes, or in the almost inaccessible craggy steeps.
Indeed, so diligently have the Fern explorings been
carried on, that numerous curious and beautiful
varieties, highly prized in our gardens, have been
found. But, however laudable and agreeable Fern-
growing may be, yet it is to be regretted that it leads
to the extinction of some of our rarest native species.
Even the more common are becoming scarce in locali-
ties within easy reach; great quantities being yearly

* Want of space prevents me entering more fully into the
history of geographical distribution.

a0 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

consigned to the London markets. Since Ferns have
become so popular, those who patronize horticulture,
from the members of the upper classes who construct
large hothouses, to the humbler patron, or the lard-
working mechanic who prides himself on his posses-
sion of a Wardian case, are desirous to obtain such
information as will enable them to cultivate them
successfully, either in the Conservatory, Wardian
case, or Rockwork in the open air. To supply this,
several books on the subject have been published.
Indeed, if an example- may be taken, besides the
extraordinary degree of familiarity so rapidly attained
in the knowledge of Ferns by all classes, the constant
increase of collections gives sufficient evidence.
Nevertheless, in publications which, through their
cheapness, are within the reach of every Fern lover,
frequent complaints are met with, tending to show
that the result is not always satisfactory to the culti-
vator, especially among amateurs and persons of
small means. These complaints are mainly attri-
butable to the author not familiarizing his readers
sufficiently with the habits of Ferns, the conditions
under which they luxuriate in their native localities,
and the necessity of imitating those conditions as far
as practicable. It is, however, gratifying to observe
that, in the progress of horticulture, the knowledge of
the natural conditions of plants is more and more
sought afte, and appreciated with very good results,
forming a lively contrast with the old times, when the
Trichomanes radicans could only with difficulty be
kept alive even by the most eminent horticulturists ;
a fact observed by the originator and promoter of the
Wardian case system, under which this shade and

CULTIVATION. 305

moisture-loving Fern stands pre-eminent,-even sur-
passing in size and luxuriance those in their native
retreats. A familiar example of opposite nature to
the preceding is our native species Asplenium septen-

trionale, confined to northern localities, generally
growing on rocks and insinuating its delicate roots in
the deep crevices and among the débris of irregular
shelving and prominences, not receiving any apparent
injury from the rigour of winter or the scorching
heat of summer. Although such is its hardy nature,
it nevertheless does not flourish when taken from its
native rocks and brought under artificial cultivation.

What has been stated regarding the shade and
moisture-loving Trichomanes, and the rock-loving
Asplenia, may be viewed as the extremes in the nature
of those Ferns that do not readily conform to ordinary
cultivation; but, on the other hand, the greater
number are not particular in their choice of place of
growth, either in a wild state or under cultivation.

Examples may be cited of species conforming to the
most untoward and varying influences; for instance,
the common hart’s-tongue Fern (Seolopendriumvulgare)
maintains itself in situations of the most opposite
kind, having great predilection for the works of man,
whether elevated in the air or sunk below the surface
of the earth; such as stone, brick, or turf walls,
embankments, hedge-banks and road-sides, pits,
quarries, or deep open wells. In either place it multi-
plies freely, conforming itself to the various atmo-
spheric changes ta which those situations are liable.

Such being the case, it is not surprising to find it
assume different sizes and forms; in dry places it is
only a few inches in height, while in open wells, such

x

306 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

as may be seen in some of the nurseries and market-
gardens near London, it produces fronds 2-3 feet in
length. The Asplenium Trichomanes, A. Ruta-muraria,
Ceterach oficinarum, and Polypodium vulgare, are also
wall and tombstone-lovers, and may be called our
domestic Ferns.

Another remarkable example of a Fern making
itself at home under extremes of temperature and
moisture, is Pteris longifolia, a species having a wide
range throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions
of both hemispheres. On the island of Ischia (Bay
of Naples) it is found luxuriating within the influence
of the hot vapours rising out of the cavities left by
extinct volcanoes, growing in soft muddy soil at a
temperature ranging from 140° to 160°. In our
hothouses its spores vegetate abundantly upon all
moist surfaces, and in the crevices of brick walls.
Plants of it are nearly always to be found over the
openings of hot-water tanks, and it has been seen
in crevices of the walls outstde hothouses, or even
under iron gratings, where it could receive but little
light, and where the temperature was often near the
freezing-point. In the dry air of the Cactus-house
plants of it have produced fronds from 2-8 feet in
length.

In general the fronds of Ferns remain Iong in a
perfect state; the exceptions to this rule are com-
paratively few, and these are chiefly supplied by the
natives of climates alternating with seasons of heat
and cold. But as many species are wanderers and
conform to th: effects of various clmates, it is no
wonder to see some of our native Ferns assuming
the evergreen habit of their -foreign allies, when

CULTIVATION, 307

grown in a temperate house ; of which Polystichwm
aculeatum, Lastrea dilatata, and L. Filia-mas may be
cited as examples, as also Asplenium marinum. In
1820 I found plants of it, having fronds from 2-4
inches in length, growing in a cave facing the German
Ocean, on the east coast of Scotland ; of these, two
plants have been grown at Kew from that time; of
late years, one in the Temperate and the other in the
Tropical House. These became fine cespitose plants,
with fronds varying from 1-1} foot in length; the
greatest length being attained by the plant in the
Tropical House, even assuming the character of a
species native of the West Indies and Tropical
America, and quite unlike the original plant; thus
showing that although at home in the cold, sunless
cave, it can well appreciate a better fed and warmer
abode. Exceptions to this rule are some alpine
species, Ferns in that respect being analogous to our
ill success in growing many alpine flowering plants.
This is no doubt partly owing to the difference of
atmospheric density, and the varying influences of
temperature and moisture common to the sea-level of
this climate.

The species of cold climates truly deciduous, produce
their fronds from an underground creeping sarmentum,
of which Péeris aquilina, Sitolobium punctilobium,
Onoclea sensibilis, Anchistea virginica, Lorinseria areo-
lata, Leucostegia immersa, and Phegopteris aurita are
the principal examples. On the other hand, instances
of tropical species periodically losing their fronds
without any apparent cause, such as by undue excess of
heat and moisture, are Phymatodes oxyloba, Pleuridium
palmatum, P. venustum, Drynaria propinqua, several

x2

308 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

species of Davallia, and a few others. Their rhizomes
remain perfectly naked during the winter, and seem
to be constituted for a season of dry rest.

These obversations are sufficient to show how
certain species will grow under the most opposite
conditions, and that a knowledge of them materially
assists our efforts of cultivation, which I shall pro-
ceed to treat of under two heads,—special and
natural,

II. Specrar on Pot Corrtrvatton.

ITH the exception of those species sufficiently

hardy to bear the cold of this climate, the
whole family of Ferns can be artificially and most
luxuriantly grown, under but two different scales of
temperature, and with as little difference in other
respects. There can be no better instance than that
afforded by the immense collection nowat Kew,* where,
in the Tropical Fern-house, a great many species from
various climates are placed under an average tempera-
ture of 60° to 70°. In this houset are species from
nearly all the tropical and sub-tropical countries
of the world, and, being in one compartment, they
are all alike subject to the same amount of atmo-
spheric moisture as of heat. However, in respect
to moisture supplied to their roots, the amount
is varied according to the nature and require-
ments of the plant. The same remarks apply to
the Temperate House, of course with a reduction

* May 1864, + Length 130 feet, width 34 feet.

CULTIVATION. 809

of moisture as well as temperature, the latter ranging
trom 40° to 50° in winter, that being the only period
of the year when artificial heat is required. In this
house* are growing, in the greatest luxuriance, species
from Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, North
India, elevated portions of Ceylon, South Africa,
North and South America, and other elevated regions
within the tropics. The whole collection is grown in
common deep or shallow pots, pans, and tubs; the
latter, however, are only used for the large species
of Tree Ferns and Angiopterts ; and though such a
system is the least natural in appearance, yet it is
most convenient and found generally consistent with
the prevailing fashion for in-door horticulture; this
mode of cultivation, being mostly adopted, merits our
first consideration. In the tropical and sub-tropical
localities, where heat and moisture are abundant, by
the manner in which they grow and the various
positions they occupy, soil is of but little importance,
except for affording their roots the means of obtaining
permanency of position. This is evident by the remains
of native soil adhering to the roots of imported plants,
showing that Tree and other large Ferns in some
places grow in stiff adhesive, red clay: To imitate
this soil in pot culture is attended with no success,
and it is remarkable to see how quickly the roots of
newly-imported plants take to the fine loam and
peat in which they are potted. In cultivation, how-
ever, the great beneficial influence of the natural
atmosphere is not obtained, and the soil is therefore
of great importance, necessitating caution in its

* Length 82 feet, width 13 feet.

310 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

selection. Taking a view of the large number of
Ferns now in cultivation, their requirements as regards
soil, and mode of growth, we easily recognize two
classes—terrestrial and epiphytal. This division is
important. For the first class, by far the most ex-
tensive, it is necessary to use the soil of a finer or
coarser consistence, according to the delicate or
stronger character of the plant. In it there is a
more varied character of vernation, by which their
terrestrial character is indicated and very easily recog-
nized. Natural affinity of course is not taken into
consideration. However, with tolerable accuracy in
this respect, the genera Phegopteris, Lastrea, Ne-
phrodium, Adiantum, Asplenium, and Sitolobium give
examples of the chief variety of vernation indicative of
the terrestrial nature ; viz.,erect, ceespitose, decumbent
or sub-hypogeous, or, as in Nephrodium unitum, and
N. pteroides, which, although with a true sub-scandent
sarmentum, they, however, prefer the firm soil of the
terrestrial group, a compost of two-thirds peat and
one loam, with abundance of sand, according to the
size of the plants for which it is to be used.

In potting Ferns, an over-depth of soil should be
avoided, as well as a great depth of drainage. The
one promotes stagnancy, the other gives an oppor-
tunity for the most vigorous roots to descend
among its particles, and oftentimes they become too
dry when the soil is apparently moist enough, and the
tips of the foliage are in consequence injured, and
the plant disfigured. This applies more strictly.
to species of small and delicate structure, such as
Asplenium firmum, A. dentatum, A. decussatum, &c.,and
for such the shallow pot is best adapted, the width of

CULTIVATION, all

which being considerably greater than the depth,
gives a good extent of surface, and renders a deep
drainage unnecessary. Such a kind of pot, of course,
is most suitable for all species of decumbent or
creeping habit, and those producing rapidly a great
number of offsets.

The best time for repotting (or shifting, as it is
termed) Ferns, more especially those of the terrestrial
division, is at the end of February, or during March,
as soon after that time they commence growth; but
any time of the year, except winter, will suit them.
The operation of potting is a matter of little difficulty,
nor are the necessary utensils or materials very varied—
a firm potting-bench, several different sizes broad-
pointed firming-sticks, and a garden trowel. It is
also necessary to have a few extra pots of different sizes,
of both the deep upright and shallow flat kinds, also
a quantity of material for drainage, which may consist
of broken soft brick or hard knobs of old mortar; but
for general purposes, potsherds, broken into different
sizes, are most commonly used, and well known by
the name of “crocks.” The removal of the plant,
with its ball of soil and roots, is readily effected by

spreading the left hand over the surface of the soil,
allowing the plant, when not too large, to come
between the fingers; then, by inverting the plant and
pot, and giving the rim of the pot a gentle but sharp
tap with the right hand on the edge of the board ; if
the roots are in a healthy state, the ball will slip
easily out of the pot. In all cases, athorough drainage
is indispensable, and to ensure this, the draining
material should be of two sizes, the larger size
at the .botteom, with a concave large crock over

312 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the hole of the pot, the concave side downwards:
there should be two, three, or four holes at the side,
quite at the base, made in all pots larger than eight
inches in diameter, the number of holes of course
according to the size of the pot. This is the more
essential when the pots are placed on smooth benches,
as of stone or slate, the capillary attraction between
the pot and bench retaining the superfluous water,
and causing much stagnancy. After properly arrang-
ing the drainage, a small quantity of fibry material
should be placed on it to keep the new soil from
mingling with it. No plant should be repotted in
a wet state, nor should it be allowed to become dry
enough to cause it to flag, as this will not only
give an immediate and severe check, but in giving
water after it is potted, it will percolate the new soil
(which should always be used in a moderately moist
state) without entering the dry ball; if, from bad
drainage or exhaustion of the soil, it has become
impure, so much of it and of the old inactive roots
should be removed. In such cases, as small a pot as
possible should be used, which will admit the pre-
served roots freely, being carefully laid out by the
fingers amid the new soil; for if in too large a pot,.
the soil becomes sour before any vigorous roots
have entered and promoted drainage, as they are
tardy to perform their functions vigorously after
having been necessarily so much disturbed. However,
when in a healthy and vigorous state, such space
should be given it that will admit the fingers or
both hands freely by its sides (according to the size
of the plant) in inserting it in the new pot, where
it should be so placed that its crown, if of the

CULTIVATION. 313

erect vernation, will be nearly level with the rim. The
soil should be carefully introduced, and made firm
round the sides by pressure of the firming-stick and a
few thumps of the pot (if easily handled) on the
potting-bench, if not, the stick must suffice ; a space
of about half an inch, more or less, according to the
size of the pot, should be allowed at the surface to
contain as much water as would moisten the whole
ball.

The size of the plants will depend upon the amount
of space and'the number of species in the collection.
For an amateur’s collection in a small house, very fair
specimens may be grown in pots from eight to twelve
inches in diameter, after the shift into the largest-sized -
pot, and with good management the plant will not
require any repotting for two or three years. By
that time the running and czspitose kinds, such as
Adiantum and Gleichenia, will have become exhausted
in the centre; the ball will, therefore, require division
by passing a sharp knife through it, taking care not
to injure the young growths next the sides of the pot;
the most healthy portions to be selected for repotting,
to become the new representative plant of the collec-
tion; and, if proper care is taken, the fronds will
suffer but little injury. In operations of this kind,
some gardeners entirely shake out the soil, cut away
the whole of the fronds and roots, in order to make
the plant, they say, come up strong. This may not do
much injury to certain plants, such as bulbs, tubers,
fuchsias, and such-like plants that rest in winter; but
for Ferns it is a great mistake; it so weakens the

plant that it takes a year or more to be worth looking
at, and, indeed, some never recover. In Adiantum

314 FERNS: BRITISH AND FORKIGN.

and other genera, the roots are naturally of a dark, or
even quite black colour, and it is known to have been
considered by some cultivators, not well versed in the
nature of Ferns, as dead, and accordingly theyare totally
removed, even although with evidence of the plant
being healthy and vigorous. The healthy state of the
plant is readily explained, for on examining the nume-
rous points of the black roots, each will be seen to be
of a pale colour, which are the active feeders of the
plant; and, in shifting, great care should be taken not
to bruise or injure them.

The same directions apply to the gigantic Tree
Ferns and species of Angiopteris. The soil for them,
however, should be of a coarser nature when of a size
to require the largest-sized pots or tubs; in no case
is it desirable to give more than three inches extra
space at one shift, even in the largest pot or tub. In all
pots above one foot in diameter, the drainage should
be elevated in the centre. When the shift is large, an
inverted pot should be placed in the new pot, placing
a layer of drainage round it, the height of the pot to
be such that the crocks of the old ball (which must
not be taken out) rest on the top of the new drainage
or pot. By this the outer circle of bottom roots are
not pressed together, or crushed by the weight of the
ball, which is sure to be the case when the ball is set
on a level surface, it also keeps the ball to its proper
height. This mode of drainage has been the constant
practice at Kew with all large shifts, not only for Ferns
but Proteacee and all fine fibrous-rooted plants, the
nature of which is to extend outwards and downwards
through the new soil, ultimately forming a web of
roots against the sides of the pot. In the ordinary

CULTIVATION, 315

practice of potting, it is a rule with many gardeners _
to remove all the old drainage crocks, the centre thus
becomes a mass of soil, which in time becomes com-
pact, inert, and useless, liable to become stagnant,
and in time causing the plant to sicken. This is
avoided by preparing and retaining the old drainage.
This mode of drainage is, however, only necessary for
plants required to be permanent in botanical collec-
tions. Its utility in prolonging life is verified by some
yet existing plants of Proteacee at Kew, some of
which are forty, and others above sixty years of age.
What has here been stated may be considered as a
general rule for the greater number of the Fern
family, such as are usually found in ordinary collec-
tions of a hundred species, more or less. But in this
extensive family there are many possessing some pecu-
liar nature, and a few examples of these require to be
specially noticed.

The group which has been termed Epiphytal,
consists of the genera Davallia, Goniophlebium,
Drynaria, Phymatodes, Pleuridium, Platycerium, Lo-
mariopsis, Polybotrya, and others of like habit, charac-
terized by a true and highly-developed rhizome or
sarmentum, generally creeping, and adhering by
their fine fibrous roots to the surface on which they
grow. Their positions in their natural homes are
generally on more or less perpendicular surfaces of
moist and shaded places of rocks or ordinary. soil,
where decomposing vegetable matter abounds as a
surfacing. They are often found on trees, and with
many species of Polybotrya and Lomariopsis this
seems to be their true position, and often by their
vigorous growth, the trees are clothed with them in

316 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the manner of our common ivy. It will be under-
stood by this that an open loose soil is essential for
the whole group; good fibry peat is therefore all
that can be desired, and on account of their creeping
habit, as great an extent of its surface as possible is.
necessary to be gained in potting. To this end the
shallow pan is indispensable; by an ordinary deep
pot being inverted in the pan and covered with a
layer of peat, of a thickness according to the size of
the pan or pot used (at a proportion of two inches
thickness for a pan of one foot diameter) carried up
over the inverted pot in a conical form, the whole
pressed firmly together. The rhizomes are fixed to
its surface by pegs, and they will soon attach them-
selves by their own roots. The height of the cone
will be according to the character of the plants; for
Pleopeltis, Anapeltis, Niphobolus, &c., a cone of from
6-10 inches high, with a base from 1 to 1} foot in
width, will make handsome specimens. The genus
Oleandra comes under Epiphytal, the rhizomes elon-
gating rapidly, and in their natural places adhering
to trees and moist rocks. 0. neriformis is, however,
truly terrestrial, producing roots from its woody erect
rhizome after ascending a few inches from the’ soil..
The other species in cultivation, however, cannot be
well suited by the conical mode, or being trained on
straight sticks. An open netted wire cylinder, about
three feet high, and about six inches diameter, answers
the purpose exceedingly well. The cylinder is filled
with peat, and by fixing the rhizomes round the
bottom of the cylinder, the roots will soon adhere to
the peat through the meshes, which being kept moist,
a rapid growth is stimulated, and the cylinder soon

CULTIVATION. 817

becomes furnished with beautiful projecting fronds.
Ifa greater height is desired, another cylinder may
be added to the first. This mode is equally useful for
Stenochlena, Polybotrya, Lomariopsis, &c. In.respect
to species in which the rhizomes elongate slowly, the
upper part of the cylinder is bare and unsightly for a
“ time. This may be obviated by having a short cylinder
and heighten it by adding short lengths when required.
The genus Elaphoglossum is generally epiphytal, and
as some of its larger growing species, such as H. calle-
folium and FE. latifolium, being decumbent cespitose
in vernation, it is not necessary to have the soil raised
much above the rim of the pot, which should be of
the flat kind, and three inches depth of soil is quite
sufficient. Many smaller species of this genus are
most lovely objects, and some of them are not yet in
cultivation. Of the whole Fern Family the Platycerium
may be considered the most grand, beautiful, and
extraordinary; and it is thoroughly typical of this
epiphytal group. ‘Its natural position of growth is
sometimes on moist rocks, but usually on the trunks
and larger branches of trees. The spores becoming
lodged there, germinate, and, sending out spongy
fibrils, a little plant, like a circular disk, adhering to
the tree, analogous to a foliaceous lichen, is formed,
each succeeding disk (frond) becoming larger and
overlapping the preceding one. In time the older
ones loose their vitality, and by this mode of growth
envelop, or nearly so, that portion of the tree whereon
they grow in a dense, thick, spongy mass, among which
the roots insinuate themselves and receive nourishment.
As equivalent to this, in cultivation blocks of wood
are mostly used ; but they are objectionable from their

318 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

constant liability to breed fungi and harbour insects.
On that account pots are preferable, not of the ordi-
nary shape, but with less difference in the diameter at
the base than at the top, and with a wide opening at
the side, extending about a third of its diameter from
the rim down to within a sixth of its depth from the
base (this will leave the pot in much the same form
asascoop). . Thorough drainage should be given, and
a material of very fibry peat will suit. The crown of
the plant should be placed about the centre of the side
opening from where the fronds will be produced. In
time, the sterile fronds will spread in all directions, but
mostly upwards, and quickly obscure the pot, and the
fertile ones will hang looselydownwards. Their position
in the house should be elevated, and, if possible, against
a wall or partition. Platyceriwm alcicorne increasing:
rapidly by offsets, requires a’ considerable extent of
surface ; consequently rough sandy peat, arranged in a
conical manner on a shallow pot, to which the plants
will soon attach themselves, is most suitable, and
which, if fancy leads, may be suspended from the roof
of the house by a-strong wire.

For the large-growing species of Drynaria, Gonio-
ahlebium, and Phlebodium, it is not necessary to raisé
the soil much above the level of the pot; their
fleshy rhizomes soon reach the margin, to which
they cling, and if standing on a moist surface, or
near water, they creep down the sides of the pot.

In Davallia pyxidata, D..ornata, and others, the
rhizomes are what may be termed aérial, rising con-
siderably above the soil, often extending to a distance
beyond the edge of the pot, and, as they in these
cases do not produce roots, the rhizomes in time

CULTIVATION. 319

(three or four years) become weak, producing small
fronds ; it therefore becomes necessary to remove the
older parts and re-pot the younger portions in fresh
soil.

Very interesting and natural examples may also
be had by placing common cylindrical red chimney-
pots or drain-pipes in a pan wider by two inches than
the base of the cylinder,—this space to be filled with
soil and planted; the rhizomes will soon become
attached to the surface of the cylinder and in time
will cover the whole, forming a handsome pillar of
fronds. In order to maintain a proper. degree of
moisture, a pan of water may be fixed inside the
cylinder, and if a piece of woollen cloth is placed in
the water, in contact with the cylinder, a constant
moisture will be kept up congenial to the plants.
The top of the cylinder is also useful for placing
on it some of the pendulous species; for instance,
Phymatodes geminata, Goniophlebium dissimile, G.
neriifulium, Campyloneuron angustifolium, Elaphoglos-
sum Herminiert.

In Scheilolepis subauriculata and S. verrucosa the
fronds are long and pendulous; this necessitates the
plants being placed in an elevated position, such as
suspended from the roof of the house in shallow wire
baskets, the inside of which should have a lining of
sphagnum moss, which assists to retain moisture, and
also gives a clean and neat appearance. Plants of
these two species thus treated have at Kew produced
fronds 12 feet in length, hanging down in a very
graceful manner. There are several other Epiphytes
of special interest, such as the species of Vittiria
and Haplopteris, which hang down from trees like

320 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

bunches of grass, as also the remarkable Ophioglossum
pendulum, which may be likened to ribands or bands
hanging loose and waving with the wind, often many
feet in length. These plants succeed in a small
quantity of soil, firmly fixed in pots, with pieces of
soft stone or potsherds, and the pot hung against a
shady wall or pillar. For this purpose the pot should
have a flat back, with the front rim lower than the
back, so as to allow the fronds to hang quite free of
the pot.

Neottopteris Australasica, and a few Aspleniums
nearly allied, such as A. sinuatum and A. crenulatum,
of precisely the same mode of -growth, are of erect
fasciculate vernation. Their roots being of peculiar
mossy and delicate nature, they are not adapted
for deep insinuation of stiff soil, but are rather
what may be termed aérial. Two-thirds of their
mass is produced above the surface of the soil.
Substantial but open material is therefore required,
of very rough, fibry peat, and porous, broken bricks,
or soft sandstone, in equal parts; very little pot-
room is necessary; a shallow pot of 18 inches
diameter, with such material, will support a plant
of two dozen fronds, and none less than 8 feet
6 inches long and 8 inches broad, with a stem a foot
high, and as much through, principally composed of
its mossy roots forming a spongy mass. As an
instance of the long life under regular treatment may
be cited the original plant of Neottopteris Australasica,
which was imported in 1825, and is now (1864) a
magnificent plant, in perfect health, having received
but few shifts the whole of the forty years.

This is, however, far surpassed in size by the mag.

CULTIVATION. 321

nificent Neotiopteris muscefolia, which is described by a
Penang correspondent in the following words :—“ TI
saw two fine specimens of the Birds’-nest Fern ; each
had between forty and fifty perfect green leaves; the
average length of the leaves was six feet, and from
one foot to fourteen inches across in the broadest part.
They were growing on each side of a doorway; when
I was walking up to them I thought they were American
Aloes.”

The remarks that have been previously made
respecting the nature of the rock-loving Asplenie are
equally applicable to others that inhabit rocky places,
such as certain species of the genera Notholena,
-Myriopteris, Cheilunthes, &c.; some are rocky-coast
plants, others are mountain, being found in elevated
situations within or near the tropics, where they are
subject to the heaviest showers and most powerful
sun, their surfaces. being generally furnished with
beautiful scales or woolly covering, which resist in a
great measure the action of the sun. They all seem
very impatient of moisture under cultivation, especially
in winter. A material composed of finely-broken and
mixed sandstone, bricks, old mortar, and a small
quantity of sandy loam, suits them, placed in a position
of the coolest shade, with abundance of moisture in
summer, and in winter very little water, just sufficient
to keep the soil slightly moist; a comparatively dry
atmosphere and as much light as may be obtainable
at that dull season, with a temperature not below 36°.
As a general rule, the above may be considered appli-
cable to all small-growing rock species of temperate
regions, including the natives of this country. The
species of the genus Gymnoyramma, especially those

¥

322 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

with farinose fronds, commonly called Gold and Silver
Ferns, are also very susceptible of moisture; they.’
should never be syringed, or water allowed to fall on

their fronds, as the: farina, being loose, is distarbed by

the water, and running down, gives the appearance as

if the plants were smeared with dust. They, however,

differ from the preceding, requiring more light, and

the temperature of the Tropical House. The species —
of Gymnogramma vary very much in habit, as regards

size and circumscription of the fronds, G. trifoliata

having fronds from three to. four feet high, while in _
G. cherophylla and G. leptophy lla they are fragile, and

average from two to six inches in length. These two
species are peculiar in being, with the exception. of
Ceratopteris thalietroides, the only known truly annual
Ferns. G. cherophylla grows freely ; its spores vege-
tate abundantly throughout the house, often as a
weed. G. leptophylla is, however, not so free in its
growth. When its fronds decay,’ the pot should be
covered with a piece of glass, and put in a dry place
until the proper season arrives in spring, when the
application of moisture will cause the latent’ spores to
vegetate. G. flewuosa differs from, the whole of the
genus in having prelonging fronds, which climb in a
rambling manner over bushes, like those of Lygo-
dium, noticed in another page: it will probably here-
after form the type of a distinct genus. The beautiful
genus Lindswa, of which no less than sixty species are
described in Hooker’s “ Species Filicum,” are, with
few exceptions, natives of the tropics of both hemi-
spheres; in my Catalogue of 1857, only two species are
recorded as being cultivated; but, within these few
years, the number has thigronaed to fourteen, the greater

CULTIVATION. 823

part having been introduccd from Guiana by Mr.
Backhouse, of York, and on account of their slow
increase, plants of them are yet very rare: they are
natives of generally the lower regions of tropical vege-
tation, growing in open places amongst herbage of
small plants and grass, or on the skirts of woods, and
sometimes under the shade of trees, the soil being
very poor, sometimes almost nothing but sand or
stony débris, in which their sarmentums are partially
hypogeous, the soil and air never being much below
the temperature of 80°, and although almost daily
subject to the influence of tropical thunder-showers,
yet, on account of the nature of the’soil, the surface is
never over saturated. Finding that they do not flourish
underthe medium temperature of a Tropical Fern House,
_it therefore is necessary that a special part of the house,
on the principle of a Wardian Case, should be adapted,
so that a moist air of 80° may be steadily maintained,
and the plants occasionally sprinkled overhead, taking
care that no superfluity remain in the soil, which
should be no more than moist.

Like Lindscea, the curious and interesting genus
-Schizea does not readily conform to cultivation ;
plants of Schizcea elegans have often been freely im-
-ported from Trinidad, and although tried in various
ways in high and moderate temperatures, it cannot be
said they have yet become established. Under the
Wardian Case, the native imported fronds remain for
a considerable time fresh, and sometimes new fronds
show themselves, but fail to come to maturity. Ina
letter lately received from Mr. Prestoe, in Trinidad, be
informs me that the Schizwa elegans grows in solitary
patches in loamy soil, covered with three or. iour

x2

324 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

inches of leaf soil, in company with Adiuntum and
other Ferns, as well as much Cyperacece, the whole
forming a dense undergrowth in woods. From this it
appears there is no great peculiarity from other Ferns
as to its place of growth, and that our ill success
arises in consequence of the nature of the plant, being
difficult to re-establish after being taken from its
native soil, of which there are many instances; the
common Pteris aquilina being a familiar example.
The numerous and beautiful species of Hymeno-
phyile, called Filmy Ferns, merit particular attention.
They are natives of both tropical and temperate
regions, and where they abound are generally found
in shady moist woods, clothing the lower parts of the
trunks of trees, especially Tree Ferns, or on dripping
rocks, or surface-soil of the deepest ravines, rarely in
exposed situations. In order to surround them with
a moist atmosphere, adaptations must be resorted to,
such as moveable cases upon the Wardian principle,
hereafter to be described, and which are essentially
necessary for the cultivation of this delicate tribe.
Such, indeed, is their delicacy, that if once allowed to
become dry on the surface of their fronds for any
length of time, a rusty and shrivelled appearance will
soon follow. Having, as already stated, succeeded in
cultivating Trichomanes radicans, it becomes obvious
that other species could also be made subservient to
cultivation ; of which there is ample evidence to be
seen at Kew, where there are forty cases* of different
sizes, arranged on a stone shelf on the north side of
the large Fern House, in such a position that they

* May, 1864,

CULTIVATION. 825

receive but little sun in winter, and are densely shaded.
in summer, all filled with patches of fine fronds, of a
number of different species, varying from the delicate
hair-like Trichomanes tricvideum, not more than two
inches high, tothe robust 7. anceps and T. radicans.

They are grown in square shallow pans and boxes,
well drained in the ordinary way, and having about
two inches of peat soil mixed with nearly half its bulk
of sand and small broken potsherds; but soft sand-
stone is best. For the creeping sorts the soil should
be raised in the form of a mound, and for those that
have long-extending sarmentums, if soft stone cannot
be had, it is desirable to invert a pan or common deep
pot, covering it with a layer of soil, as already ex-
plained, to which the plant will cling, and soon form a
green hillock: junks of wood answer the purpose;
but im a moist, close, and warm atmosphere, fungi
and insects breed, and in a short time the wood
decays, causing unnecessary disturbance of the whole
mass of the plant.

The singular genus Lygodium, and its ally Lygo-
dictyon, grow naturally in firm soils, generally amongst
trees and bushes, their wiry, flexile, climbing fronds
growing over and involving everything within their
reach in the most intricate complexity. In most
Ferns, the whole of the divisions of the fronds are
formed in the nascent or bud state, and are unfolded
as the fronds elongate ; when the whole of the deve-
loped parts are unfolded, the frond ceases further ex-
tension. This is, however, not the case in Lygodium,
Salpichlena, Pellea flecuosa, Gymnogramma flexuosa,
Odontosoria aculeata, and a few others, the fronds of
which are of indefinite extension, their apices con-

326 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

tinuing to grow and produce lateral pinne, in every
way analogous to the development of branches and
leaves in woody plants. The climbing and rambling
nature of these plants necessitates some kind of sup-
port when cultivated in pots, which may consist of
open wire trellises of # cylindrical form, varying in
height from three to six feet or more, which, if fixed
to a pot ten to twelve inches in diameter, the plants
will, with careful training, become handsome speci-.
mens ; they are also well adapted for covering trellis
against wall or pillars.

The fronds of the much admired genus Gleichenia
are also indefinite in extension, and some of the
smaller species,when growing amongst bushes, assume
a climbing habit; but in G. furcata, G. dichotoma, G.
Cunninghami, and G. flabelluta, the fronds are rigid
and erect, produced from a more or less stout or slender
sarmentum, which is either superficial or creeps a
little below the surface of the soil; therefore shallow
pans or boxes are best suited for these plants ; and
with attention specimens of considerable size may be
attained, as, for instance, at Kew a plant of G. flabellata
measured twelve to thirteen feet in circumference and
four and a half feet high, consisting of a thicket of
fine fan-like fronds. i

It may be expected that in such an extensive family
some species would be found bearing the appellation
of aquatics, but such is not the ease; for although
many species grow in wet places, such as Osmunda
regalis and Acrostichum aureum, both of which love
water, but also flourish even in dry places, the only
Fern really entitled to be called a water Fern being
Ceratopteris thalictroides, and which is aiso singular

CULTIVATION, ‘ ‘327

__in another respect—in being one of the few Ferns that

are only annual. It is widely dispersed throughout the

tropics, growing in wet places, often flooded; its

sterile, viviparous fronds floating on or below the-
surface of the water, as may be yearly seen in the

Victoria Lily tanks at Kew. Being annual, care must

be taken to preserve spores, which in the spring

should be sown in a shallow pan of loamy soil made

wet like mud, kept moist ; and when the plants are of
sufficient size, the pan may be either filled with water,

or be placed about an inch deep ina tank. Acrostichum

aureum is mentioned as growing in wet places; for

instarce, in Jamaica and other of the West-India

Tslands it is described as taking the place of the Euro-

pean Typha latifolia, attaining the height of seven or

eight feet. By imitating its natural condition, placing

it in a pan of water, or ina tank, specimens have been

grown at Kew to the height of six feet; but although

it enjoys and luxuriates in water, it also grows in dry

places, its height then not exceeding one to two feet,

and often with simple fronds.

_ The delicately beautiful Selaginellas, on account of
the large share of notice they receive and meet from

the admirers of the Cryptogamic family, deserve

here an especial notice. Originally the species were

included under Lycopediwm ; but have been separated

on account of differing in.the character of their

spore-cases. The species are numerous, and their

habit and free growth mark them as a very distinct

_ group from true Lycopodium. With a knowledge of
a few species, two very distinct modes of growth are

easily understood; the upright or climbing ones, such

as 8. Africana and S._ filicina, are exanple, and the

- 828 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

decumbent or creeping species, such as S. serpens,
S. uncinata, S. Galiottii, &c., are examples. The
latter delight in a light soil, composed of fibry peat
and well-decomposed leaf-soil, free from pieces of
wood (as it generates fungi), with a little sand inter-
mixed, and require a depth of only about two inches
in ordinary round pans, with ample drainage. Tf,
however, good specimens are desirable, with an
arrangement on a bench or low shelf, square pans
about twice their height at the back as in front, arein
every way preferable, and as at Kew, arranged alter-
nately with the cases of Hymenophylle, with which
they harmonize. The former-mentioned species, on
account of their robust habit and strong rooting cha-
racter, require the shallow pot, and a similar soil as for
the last, but with a small proportion of light loam.
The magnificent Selaginella levigata, if supported by
wires against a wall, becomes, in a remarkably short.
time, the loveliest object to be found in a Fernery.
The species of the Rosulate section differ from the rest
of the genus in having erect, fasciculate vernation, the
frondules rising from a central developing axis, and,
as in S. lepidophylla, spreading out nearly horizontal,
and overlapping one another, forming a beautiful
green rosette, about six inches in diameter ; when dry,
they turn upwards and inwards in an involute manner,
the whole mass of the plant thus forming a firm ball,
which, on becoming moist, again expands; and even
perfectly dead plants, when expanded, seem as if alive.
In that respect being analogous to that of the insig-
nificant cruciferous plant called the Rose of Jericho
(Anastatica hierochuntica): hence the balls of this
Selaginella are frequently met with in curiosity-shops

CULTIVATION, 29

folie)

under the above name. This hygrometric property
seems to indicate that this and its allied species are
subjected to occasional drought in their native localities.
But although they may frequently undergo this pro-
cess in nature with impunity, it is, however, not
desirous to be too often repeated on plants artificially
cultivated. Shallow pots, four to five inches in
diameter, best suit this section; and being firm
holders, it is necessary to insert pieces of soft sand-
stone or potsherds amongst the shallow soil, so as
to fix the plant firmly in the pot. The extremely
delicate nature of the tissue of these little plants neces-
sitates that a position the shadiest and moistest in a
Fernery should be assigned to them. 8S. Willdenovii,
S. filicina, and others are termed deciduous from their
fronds decaying altogether in the early spring; new
fronds, however, soon begin to grow.

The species of true Lycopodium are also numerous,
some being terrestrial and others epiphytal, hanging
from the trees like various-sized cord, one to four feet in
length. Of the terrestrial, five are natives of thiscountry;
they, as well as several beautiful species that have from
time to time been introduced from North America,
refuse to become domesticated under ordinary treat-
ment; to which must be added the wide-spread and
beautiful tropical species L. cernuum. Hqual ill success
attends the epiphytal species ; for although frequently
imported, they are yet but poorly represented in our
collections ; they adhere to trees by producing many
fibrous roots, which ultimately become a large spongy
mass.

The extra height of roof required for the growing of
good examples of Tree Ferns excludes them from many

330 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

amateur collections. This has also been the case at
Kew for the last twenty years, especially as regards
Tropical Tree Ferns, many fine plants succumbing to
the make-shifts that of necessity had to be resorted
to after they had attained a certain height ; but by
beginning with young plants, they may be grown fora
number of years in houses of the usual average height
of ten to twelve feet, as also the large fronded tree-
like Lastrea villosa, Intobrochia podophylla, Asplenium
striatum, Hemidictyon marginatum, and many others
of like habit. The latter, at Kew, in a 20-inch pot,
produced beautiful fronds, seven feet in height, and
which might, with encouragement, soon be made to
produce them equal to those of native growth—fourteen
feet. But in order to get rid of the inconvenient and
unsightly look of large pots and tubs, it is best to
adopt for these plants the system of natural cultivation
explained further on.

In the “ Species Filicum” about one hundred and
twenty species of Tree Ferns are described; but,
according to Mr. Moore’s ‘“TInudex Filicum,”’ the
number amounts to nearly two hundred. They are
widely distributed, chiefly within the tropics. They
love shade and, solitude, and are generally found at
elevations of from three thousand to five thousand feet
in the humid regions. In the southérn hemisphere
they, however, extend much beyond the tropics, their
southern limits being New Zealand, Norfolk Island,
New South Wales, and Tasmania, where they grow at
a lower elevation than within the tropics. On Mount
Wellington, in the latter island, Dicksonia Antarctica
is found in the greatest abundance, at an elevation
of from one thousand five hundred to two thousand

CULTIVATION. 831 .

feet, attaining the height of from eighteen to twenty
feet, growing only in damp. places, generally gullies,
where the sun rarely penetrates, and where they are
sometimes covered with snow, as represented in the
vignette on the title-page. This suggests that, with
proper selection of situations, they might live in the
open air in the south and west of England, as also the
mild climate of Argyleshire, where shaded ravines
and gullies may be found similar to those of Mount
Wellington.

With few exceptions, Tree Ferns readily conform to
cultivation. Alsophila capensis, A. excelsa, A. Australis,
Oyathea deulbata, C. medullaris, Dicksonia antarctica,
and D. squarrosa, grow freely in the Temperate House ;
the lofty Alsophila glauca, the beautiful tessellated
stem of Cyathea arborea, with its crown of fine
fronds, and the broad shining fronds of Hemitelia
horrida, assume a grand appearance in the Tropical
House. In general, the stems of Tree Ferns are of
sufficient size to warrant the name of trees; but in
many the thickness is more apparent than real, the
diameter of the woody centre being often only a few
inches, but in many cases covered with successive
productions of out-growing aérial roots, which become
hard and wiry, and by their interlacing, form a com-
pact mass; the points of these roots are, however, the
active feeders, and if a layer of fresh soil is occasion-.
ally placed round the base of the stem, their growth
will be promoted, and vigour given to the plant. The
most fastidious Tree Fern to cultivate is Dicksonia
arborescens, anative of St. Helena. It was first intro-
duced to this country in 1786, and many times since,
but refuses to become established, either in a tropical

332 FERNS: DRITISI. AND FOREICN.

or temperate house. This species, as well as the whole
of the species of true Dicksoni@, are characterized by
the base of the stipes being clothed with a more or
less coating of beautiful, articulated silky hairs; in
some species of Cibotium, the quantity is so great, that
in the Sandwich Islands it is collected, and ship-loads
of it sent to California and Australia for stuffing
cushions, beds, &c. Another remarkable species of
this alliance is Cibotium Barometz, a native of China
and other parts of Hastern Asia; its fronds attain the
height of twelve to fourteen feet (even in this country) ;
they rise from a thick decumbent caudex, which is
densely covered with silky hairs, as above described ;
lying on the ground, it has the appearance of a woolly-
clad animal. The stories told about it to early travellers
led them to describe it as an animal with flesh and
blood, but fixed to one position, from which it never
moves ; hence the story of the now fabulous Barometz,
or Vegetable Lamb. This plant is of easy cultivation ;
if placed on soil slightly raised, a few years’ growth
will produce very good specimens of the ‘ Lamb.”

The rare Schizocena sinwata is an exception to the
general rule that characterizes Tree Ferns, the stem
being slender, not exceeding an inch in thickness,
attaining the height of three or four feet, and bearing
a fascicle of simple fronds. This remarkable Fern is a
native of Ceylon; it grows in shady places in woods
where a degree of coolness prevails. A few years ago
plants of it were received at Kew, and it was found
necessary to place them in a large Wardian Case, in
which they flourished.

Although the plants belonging to the order Muarat-
tiacee are ranked with Ferns, they nevertheless differ

CULTIVATION, 333

much in habit, chiefly as regards the nature of the roots,
which are thickened and fleshy, and generally pene-
trating deeply into firm soil. In their general character
they present much resemblance to the roots of
Cycadee, Cyclanthce,and other allied endogens; also in
venation the remarkable genus Stangeriaconnects them
through Dancea with Cycadee ; and their compound
fronds are represented in the same family through the
new genus Bowenia. The species of Marattia and
Angiopteris grow freely in a loamy soil, requiring
plenty of water. Some species of Angiopteris require
much space, for although the caudex does not rise
much above the ground, yet a plant at Kew produced
fronds that reached the height of twelve feet, spreading
outwards, forming a diameter of thirty-four feet. The
species of Danea and Kaulfussii- are, however, not
such free growers; they require a moist and high
temperature.

T have now gone through a few of the principal genera:
requiring special kinds of treatment ; the next consider-
ation is good management as regards temperature,
watering, airing, and keeping free from msects. Much
depends on the size and nature of the house ; the larger
it is, the less fluctuations of temperature take place,
especially in a house of the ordiuary construction of
glass roof and sides, whether lean-to or span. The
maintenance of a proper condition of the air in plant-
houses depends much on the nature of the interior
fittings. White or polished, reflecting and radiating
surfaces, should be avoided as much as possible, such
ag iron pillars, rafters, spandrels, polished slate or
smooth stone, iron or stone floors, &c. These kinds of
matcrial are often introduced in superabundance, for

334 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the purpose of giving consequence and dignity to the
house, thus laying the foundation for conditions un-
favourable to plants. The shelves orbenches may consist
of dark-coloured porous stone or rough slate, with an
edging of smooth slate two inches deep, so as to form a
shallow trough, which should be ‘filled with dark-
coloured sand or fine-sifted coal-ashes, the whole
pressed down, so as to form a firm smooth surface, on
which the pots are to be arranged. By this means a
degree of moisture will be retained more congenial to
the plants than when standing on stone or slate. An
edging of about three inches of Selaginella hortensis or
S. denticulata gives a neat appearance, and if allowed
to run between the pots, the whole becomes more con-
genial than a naked surface. White sand or broken
quartz is frequently used, but it soon becomes dirty,
and has a harsh and dry appearance.

In the arrangement of the plants some degree of
order must be observed, so that every specimen plant
of a species should be seen to advantage, and if the
collection is extensive, and the house has different
aspects as regards light and shade, then it is desirable
to arrange the plants according to their habits and
requirements; thus, at Kew, the division Hremobrya
occupy the whole of the south side of the house; this
division being less sensitive to the effects of the sun
or deficiency of water than the more extensive division
Desmobrya, which, on account of their thin texture,
very quickly suffer from dryness or too much exposure
to the sun; therefore the north side of the house is
best for them. i

The natural direction of the fronds is the most
pleasing, whether uprigut, pendulous, or spreading.

CULTIVATION. 335

In the latter case, sometimes their own weight makes
them fall lower than is convenient; it therefore
becomes necessary to support them by inconspicuous
stakes. Care must, however, be taken not to raise the
fronds above their natural position, and to avoid making
them have a stiff formal appearance.

In “Theories of Horticulture,” it is said that
abundance of lght and a free circulation of air are
indispensable for the cultivation of plants under glass.
In my long experience, I have found, as a rule an
abundance of light and a too free circulation of air
prejudicial to the good cultivation of plants in general.
With regard to Ferns, they love a quiet, dull atmo-
sphere ; the light afforded by a roof glazed with the
ordinary transparent glass, admits fully double the
amouut of light necessary during eight months of the
‘year. Sufficient means are, however, necessary for

admitting air, in order to keep down the temperature
in summer; but care must be observed in admitting
it; if not, the increased ventilation in lowering the
temperature will cause a rapid dispersion of the essen-
tial moist atmosphere at a time when most required.
Shading must then be resorted to, this being the chief
purpose which it serves, besides protecting the plant’s
foliage from the too powerful rays of the sun. It may
i consist of canvas blinds on rollers; two moderately
thick ones are much better than one very thick, espe-
cially when Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum are
grown; one should be permanent during the height of
tlie summer, the other to roll over it on occasions of full
sunshine. Although canvas is here spoken of as best
for shading, and is extensively used, still it is trouble-
‘some, and in the end expensive, which makes it de-

336 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

sirable to resort to some other method; such as by
using several kinds of dulled or rough glass.

In former years, the fruit and plant-houses at Kew
were glazed with a very dark-green glass called
Stourbridge-green, and which was patronized by the
late Mr. Aiton. Fine crops of fruit were produced
under it, also the tropical plants in the Botanic
Garden flourished without the aid of canvus or shade °
of any kind. Not many years ago, solitary squares
of this glass might be seen in the roofs of the
old hot-hcuses, which strongly contrasted with the
modern clear glass. My experience with this glass led
me to recommend green glass for the Palm House,
which was adopted ; but the modern-made green tint
does not appear to be so fixed a colour as that of the
old Stourbridge-green.

The Palm House in the nursery of the late Messrs.
Loddiges, at Hackney (now things of the past), affords
another example of successful plant-growing without
the aid of canvas or other moveable shading material.
On the late Mr. George Loddiges being consulted
respecting the glazing of the Kew Palm House,
he was asked if they shaded theirs; his reply was,
“Oh, no; our thick rafters and sash-frames, with
sooty glass, just afford the amount of light necessary
for the plants.” Under this roof, in an atmosphere
of stillness and gloom, Palms, Ferns, Orchids, and
numerous other tropical plants, grew in the greatest
luxuriance, which, with the proverbial solitude of the
place, and when viewed from the elevated platform, -
gave the idea of a ravine in a tropical forest.

To judge by the above examples of Kew and Hack-
ney, it appears that fruits and plants were successfully

CULTIVATION. 8o7

grown under roofs very different in appearance from
the elegant clear glass roofs of the present day,
which, nevertheless, necessitates some kind of invention
for temporary shading in summer; but it is to be
hoped this will be superseded by further improvements.
Double glazing is now spoken of as answering the
twofold purpose of saving shading and fuel; but as
there appear to be different opinions on its merits,
further experience is therefore desirable before it can
be safely recommended.

With regard to watering, it is difficult to explain in
words, or laydown arule, what constitutes the extremes
of dryand wet soil ina flower-pot, feeling is perhaps the
best guide; if, on taking a pinch of soil between the
finger and thumb, the particles will not adhere, then it
is too dry ; if it adheres, and falls like a dry wafer, then
the plant is not in immediate want of water; but, on the
contrary, should the soil stick to the fingers like a wet
wafer, then the whole is in a bad condition, and should
the plant be weakly, it will get worse if allowed to
remain in the sodden soil; for the correctness of this test
care must be taken not to be deceived by the surface-
soil, for it may be either dry or wet, and the contrary
lower down. Another test of the state of soil is to
give the side of the pot a smart tap with a hard piece
of wood; should the sound be hollow, with a little
tone, then the ball is dry.; if, on the contrary, there
is only the dull sound of the tap, without any tone,
then the ball is moist and tight in the pot. To those
in the habit of watering the same plants for a length-
ened time, this test is of service, but it must not
altogether be depended upon. The quality of the
water has great effect on the health of the plants;

PA

338 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREICN.

It should always be soft, or, if hard, should be aerated: -
‘in open tanks; rain-water is best, but if collected

from the roofs of hothouses, care must be taken that it

does not become impure by the decomposition of the

paint and putty, which is of frequent occurrence, and

in time it so impregnates the water as to cover the

foliage of the plants, when often syringed, with a thin

film, that gives them a dull look; care should also

be taken that the temperature of the water should not

be less than 50°, especially in winter. Syringing is

made an operation of great importance in guide-

books on cultivation, and is readily accepted by the

unskilled amateur’ as necessary, and being amusing,

is often carried out in the extreme, to the injury of
the plants. An amateur remarked not long ago,

“Now we have got such a nice lady’s syringe, it is

quite a delight to use it’? Another remarked, “I

every day regularly water, syringe, and sponge my pet

Adiantums, but with all my attention they are getting

of a brown colour, surely your plants (at Kew) must

have great attention to keep them so green.” The

lady syringer is told that many of the plants before her
have been in the same pots for several years, and that:
they get water when dry, and are never syringed

or sponged, unless for removing insects when they
appear,

From what has now been stated, an amateur’s
successful cultivation of Ferns simply depends on
proper soil and potting, careful watering, placing in a
quiet, moist atmosphere, keeping down temperature in
summer by shading, and to avoid currents of dry air,
and in winter to maintain the proper temperature,
according to the nature of the plants, by means of

CULTIVATION. 399

hot-water pipes. For the latter purpose, in small
houses, temporary stoves of gas and charcoal are used,
often to the utter destruction of the plants.

To assist in maintaining a moist atmosphere besides
the usual moist surfaces of the pots, it is desirable
to have water-troughs on the top of the hot-water
pipes, as also to place pans of water on or near the
pipes; also in hot weather, the paths and other
evaporating surfaces should be wetted every morning
and evening. An occasional syringing may be given,
which should be done when the out-door air is charged
with vapour; wetting plants when the air is dry
causes a sudden evaporation, and a reduction of
temperature on the surface of the frond is the con-
sequence. This is especially the case with broad,
smooth, glossy species, such as the genera Phymatodes,
Neottopteris, Asplenium, Diplazium, &c. ; occasionally
the whole of some fronds or part of a frond becomes
black. In order to raise vapour, a practice prevails
with many cultivators to throw water over the hot-water
pipes (or flues) ; there is no objection to this, pro-
viding the air out of doors is warm, but in the winter
season itis often done in the evening, in order to
counteract the dryness of the air, caused by the extra
heat of the pipes required at that season ; the house then
becomes filled with hot vapour, which coming in
contact with the glass of the roof condenses and falls
in a shower of cold drops on the plant; at the same
time the temperature of the house rapidly falls, thus
causing black fronds, spots in orchids, and such-like
complaints.

Ferns, like other plants, are liable to be more or
less infested with insects; the soft membraneous kinds

Z2°

340 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

being the most subject, while, on the contrary, the
smooth-fronded kinds, such as the whole of the
division of Hremobrya, Elaphoglossum, &c., are, it
may be said, quite exempt. The mealy bug, three
kinds of scale, and thrips, are the chief pests, and
should be carefully watched. The oblong brown
scale is generally the most common, and very quickly
overruns the under side of the frond, forming lines
along the midribs. Many kinds of fluid mix-
tures, powders, and other nostrums, have from time
to time been advertised for their destruction, but it
too often happens what kills insects also injures the
plant, and makes it look unsightly. Fumigation
with tobacco is the grand preventive against the
breeding of plant-insects; very slight fumigation
destroys the winged male insect of all the Coccos
family, and if frequently repeated, the whole in time
will become extinct. When the mealy bug gets a
head, it is readily got rid of by syringing; not so
the scale, it requires to be loosened with a soft
brush, or blunt-pointed peg, which, if the weather
permit, should be done out of doors, and the plant
afterwards syringed, so as to clear away all loose scale
aud eggs. Scale insecis are adherers and suckers
only ; not so the less conspicuous insect the thrip,
which is a small, slender, black, shining insect, with
large prominent eyes, and quick in its movements,
herdmg in groups, generally on the under side of
the frond, voraciously feeding on the cuticle, which
they soon destroy, permanent injury being often done
without any indication of their presence till too late;
they must, therefore, be carefully watched, and, when
seen, at once destroyed by pinching with the fingers,

CULTIVATION. 841

and syringing the plant. They are generally found
on species of Adiantum, Pellea, Platyloma, Doryo-
pteris, Hemionites cordifolia, and other genera having
fronds of a smooth, chestnut-brown colour. Within
the last twenty years a small, white-winged insect, like
a midge, has made its appearance (supposed to have
been first introduced with imported plants to Kew).
They congregate on the under side of the fronds, and, —
when the plant is moved, dart off like a flock of
white pigeons. At first it was supposed to be harm-
less; but such is not the case, as it has been found
to feed on the cuticle like thrips; but they are not so
easily caught. Repeated tobacco fumigation destroys
it.* Red spider seldom attack Ferns; when such is
the case, it is a sure sign that the air of the house
is too dry.

Few plant-houses are exempt from the well-known
cockroach, which when once introduced is one of the
greatest of pests. They increase and multiply most
rapidly, and are most voracious feeders, eating and
gnawing the fronds of Ferns, old and young, often
completely in one night spoiling fine plants; there-
fore war in all its forms must be waged against
them. They are night marauders, hiding and breed-
ing in crevices of masonry in dark places, generally
near the furnaces, or hottest parts of the heating-pipes,
and are even found lurking amongst the drainage, in
large pots, from which they issue at dusk to commence
their ravages. Many expedients are resorted to for
their destruction, such as attacking them in their day

* This insect has been described and figured in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, of 1856, by Mr. Westwood, under the
name of Aleyrodes vaporariorum. :

342 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

abode, by the appliance of boiling-water, sulphur
fumes, or exploding gunpowder: when such agents
can be used, they deal with them quickly and whole-
sale. Various kinds of traps are used, which, with
poison, will, if daily attended to, completely extirpate
them. But it must be borne in mind that, although the
whole, old and young, may be got rid of in the course
of a fortnight by poison— the effect of which is
greatly increased by the living eating the poisoned
dead,—eggs are however left, which will soon pro-
duce a new generation that must not be allowed to
arrive at maturity.

Under the ordinary varying atmosphere of hot-
houses, insects seem not to be affected, for if their
extirpation is not attended to, they will be found in
more or less abundance all the year. Not so the
sooty mildew,* a fungus covering the upper surface
of the leaves of plants with a black, sooty coat, and
for their sudden appearance, like that of the grape
mildew, the potato disease, and other sporadic
plagues, no satisfactory causes have as yet been
assigned: The pest now under consideration may be
called one of these plagues ; in some years it is not
seen, while in another it soon overruns and quickly
covers Ferns, and other plants, in hothouses, The
broad-fronded species of Aspidiwm, Meniscium, Gonio-
pteris, Anyiopteris, &c., are very subject to its attacks.
Books on mycology name and describe these pests,
but not how to prevent them; and books on horti-
culture instruct how to get rid of them; the principle
of which seems to be dusting with sulphur, washing,

* Fumago foliorwm, Fries.

CULTIVATION, 343

and syringing, the latter being the only remedy for
the black mildew.

This concludes my observations on pot-cultivation,
and in order to save repetition, it must be understood
that the process as regards soil, watering, airing, &c.,
is equally applicable to natural cultivation, which I
now proceed to describe.

TI. Narorat Cunrivarion.

HE natural cultivation of Ferns consists in growing
7 them without the aid of garden-pots. This is
accomplished by placing them, as far as artificial
appliances will permit, under conditions and influences
analogous to that of their native wilds; for that
purpose uneven irregular surfaces are best adapted,
whether natural or artificially formed; and as Ferns
are generally called rock-plants, which many truly are,
therefore, in order to imitate rocks, the surface on
which they are grown is made irregular and covered
with rude stones, on or between which the Ferns are
planted; hence the term Rockery is applied to this
kind of cultivation.

For all species of Ferns, either hardy or tender,
this system of culture, which admits of their being
planted out, is far preferable, to whatever extent it
may be desirable to practise it, whether in the sheltered
nook, in the open air, or in stoves or greenhouses,
either partially or entirely devoted to it. For by ib is
the finest health imparted to the plants. The rockery
bank which once occupied the Temperate Fern House
at Kew, together with the fine fronds of tropical species
grown on rockery in the Palm House, afforded excelient

844 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

examples of the superiority of this mode of growing
plants over that of pot culture; by proper arrange-
ment from ordinary level positions, their delicate hue
and elegant form of outline may be seen to much
greater advantage, as the upper surfaces of their
fronds are generally presented to the eye more fully.
And where this system is largely carried out, if a
raised platform or footway be erected considerably
above them, the advantage is still greater. The great
beneficial influence this system has on the plant is
mainly consequent on the more uniformly moist at-
mosphere, so congenial to all Ferns, which can be
successfully maintained from the great extent of the
more natural evaporating surface of the soil, and ma-
terial, with which the rockery is composed ; and as they
are allowed to establish themselves at freedom in it,
there is a similar uniformity of temperature at the
root, as well as of moisture. As is well known, in
large masses of earthy and other solid material, its
temperature does not fluctuate with that of the house,
at least, as in the case with ordinary-sized pots of soil,
where the absorption and radiation of the heat takes
place so much more rapidly. It may further be men-
tioned, that, in a house entirely devoted to the cul-
tivation of Ferns under this system, its evaporating
surface does not wholly consist of the principal mass of -
material composing the rockwork ; there is the large
extent of wall-surface, which, if properly constructed
with rough and absorbent material, is continually
giving off its moisture, besides, from that reason,
affording an excellent opportunity for Ferns of more
or less scandent habit to assume their native character
in luxuriant profusion, by growing on it as on natural

CULTIVATION. 845

rocks. As regards the design of any structure in-
tended to be wholly or partially devoted to the culti-
vation of Ferns, it is of course a good deal a matter
of taste and convenience, as the system is available
in almost any kind of structure, large or small, but
varying in the degree of economy in its construction.
To this end, the first consideration should be to
construct in a manner that will insure the necessary
amount of shade and moisture and (when required)
heat, with as little auxiliary assistance as possible.
Therefore if a lean-to house be adopted, the aspect
should be west or north-west, with the back consisting
entirely of wall. Should a span-roofed structure, how-
ever, be preferred, which indeed for all purposes is
much the best (and which will be here treated. of as
a general example), its aspect should be north and
south, by which a shadier and consequently a moister
side of the house will be obtained, suitable for Ferns
of more or less delicate structure, such as the genera
Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum. A sunk house, in
the manner of a ditch or railway-cutting, is most
suitable, and will give ample height for the growth
of Tree Ferns, without the necessity of having high
side walls, and thus exposing a lessened portion of
the house’s surface to the action of climatic vicissitude;
consequently a warm moist atmosphere may be main-
tained with but little assistance from artificial heat.
As a source of heat the hot-water apparatus is to be
preferred, on account of its economic utility, and
where practicable the pipes should be hidden as much
as possible with the rockery material. Perkins’s sys-
tem of heating is perhaps the best for a house of this
kind; it consists of coils of small pipe, which can be

815 FERNS! BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

arranged in any part of the house, and are readily
detached and again fixed at another point when found
necessary. The first deposit for the rockery should
be rough and somewhat absorbent, such as irregular
brickbats, masses of stone, loosely disposed to admit
of a ready dissemination of the heat amongst its
parts, and then follow with the material proper.
Apertures for the escape of the heat should be con-
structed at frequent intervals, drain-pipes being very
snitable for this purpose, which, by the mass being kept
properly moist, will allow the heated air to circulate
in a congenial steamy condition throughout the house.

In the design and arrangement of the principal
mass of material composing the rockwork, it is, as in
the design of the house, a good deal a matter of taste
and convenience as regards size; whether in repre-
senting in miniature a rugged mountain side, or deep
glen, with its clear pool, reflecting the elegant forms
of the Ferns growing near it; or may be a miniature
valley, with undulating surfaces gradually rising on
either side, with projecting rocks. There are nu-
merous kinds of material more or less suitable for
constructing a rockery either indoors or out, and but
a few localities where some of these may not be easily
procured. The chief desideratum is to have.such that
is of porous consistence, and generally with rough
and ragged surfaces. It is useless to be particular in
the selection of various kinds of stone on account of
their fine quality, either in texture or colour ; for where
Ferns properly thrive all such will be speedily obscured
by their luxuriant growth; consequently any brick-
field affords very good material that would contribute
largely in the general structure, in the way of con-

CULTIVATION. 347

glomerated masses of brick, or bricks artificially
amassed with Portland cement to form miniature
rocks, rugged cones, rough pillars, or perpeudicular
surfaces. However, when procurable, the absorbent
androughly quarried soft stone should enter largely into
the composition of the rockery, as it is pre-eminently
useful, not only in contributing so largely to the
natural appearance of the whole, but, when the more
delicate members of the Fern family of creeping habit
are grown, it is invaluable in affording a moist surface
for their tender rhizomes to cling to. It is seldom
that wood of any kind is found of much use, as it is
so soon reduced by decomposition, and fungi produced
im contaminating profusion. The soil to be used in
the rockery-house should be selected and applied
according to the principle already given in pot-
culture. The style of the Fern-rockery having been
decided on and executed accordingly, the next step
will be to arrange the plants about it; and to carry this
out satisfactorily is not the least difficult part of the
whole undertaking, as it is not only essential to provide
positions for each individual plant, but such that
will prevent any injurious interference of its neighbour,
either by fohage or root.

Should the roof require support (and if not, should
it be consistent with elegance and regularity), pillars
composed of rough porous stone or brickwork may
be constructed, and, if admissible, united above as
archings, which, when clothed with the luxuriant
foliage of scandent and pendulous Ferns, intermixed
with the broad foliage of creeping Aroidew, growing
from their crevices and recesses, would greatly enhance
the beauty of the whole, and give a most accurate and

348 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

durable example of the manner in which many spccics
of Ferns and Aroidee clothe the trunks of trees in
tropical forests; also several species of epiphytal
woody plants may be introduced with good effect,
such as Tanecium parasiticum, Marcgravia umbellata,
Norantea coccinea, Hoyas, and other creepers not
‘subject to be infested with insects. The species of
Phymatodes, Pleopeltis, Davallia, and several allied
genera, as also Polybotrya and Stenochlena,will luxuriate
over the moist surfaces and form a compact mass; and,
if planted near the wall, direct their rhizomes upwards,
and the plants will quickly assume a most elegant
appearance. The grand and beautiful Schellolepis
verrucosa, and its allies, should be placed in elevated
positions, as their fronds are long and pendulous.
Elevated positions will also be found for the species of
Platycerium, the grand Drynaria Heraclea,and D. coro-
nans: the latter is remarkable in its thick rhizome,
progressing in a circular direction round trees, which,
with the erect, broad, rigid fronds, gives the idea of a
coronet or crown; this circular direction appears to
be normal. A fine plant at Kew, in the course of eight
years, grown in a shallow pot, formed a circle more
than a foot in diameter. For that portion of the
terrestrial group composed of stronger growing spe-
cies, such as Phegopterideee, Pieridew, Aspleniee, &c.,
for which firmer soil is necessary, the ordinary surfaces
of the rockery offer most suitable positions, arranged
there in a manner as their sizes indicate, so as to be
in harmony with those of smaller size around them.
It is perhaps essential to note that the Gymnogramma,
Cheilanthes, and their allies, require a place in the
Fernery, the lightest and best drained; therefore

CULTIVATION. 849

the higher part of the rockery is best suited for them.
In such a Fernery as this now before the mind’s eye,
convenient positions, in the form of dripping crypts
and recesses, may be provided for the delicately beau-
tiful and easily grown Trichomanes and Hymenophyllum,
without the aid of glass cases that are necessarily
used, as already explained, under pot-culture.

Where Tree Ferns would be grown, the proper
situation for them is the lowest part of the house, in
the valley, where the greatest head-room would be
obtained, and most constant shade and moisture about
their stems, which will encourage the essential growth
of the aerial out-grown roots. The path in the valley
may be straight or winding between the Tree Ferns,
the intervening spaces to consist of raised mounds or
lillocks, to be planted with the smaller kinds of Tree
Ferns and other large-fronded Ferns. The different
species of Selaginella should occupy the intervening
spaces between the plants, which will add greatly to
the natural appearance of the whole and assist in pro-
moting a genial atmosphere.

To whatever extent a house of this nature may be
carried for tropical Ferns, the same must be allowed
for the extra-tropical kinds, and being sunk, the
necessary amount of heating power required will be
just sufficient to keep out frost. Keeping the house
shut during the winter season, so as to maintain a
quiet, still atmosphere, greatly assists in repelling
frost, indeed for such houses ventilation is only
necessary to keep down high temperature during
summer; free admission is, however, beneficial when the
external air is still and moist, when even the tropical]
division may be freely left open during the nights of

350 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

summer, but taking care to prevent currents of dry air.
I have now stated the chief points to be observed
in forming and arranging an indoor natural Fernery,
the principles of which are capable of application to
houses of the ordinary construction and usual average
size, or to any extent that means will allow; even to
realize the grand idea of the celebrated Loudon, who,
more than thirty years ago, speaking in favour of span-
roofs, said, “There would be no difficulty in covering
ten acres of Kew Gardens with glass by a series of
span-roofs.” Although since then much has been
done at Kew, by the erection of lofty plant-houses,
still the area covered falls far short of ten acres; but
as natural cultivation is now patronized, and with
the improving age and desire for novelty, let us hope
that the time is not far distant when Kew may have
at least one acre converted into a straight or windine
Fern-valley covered with glass, the highest part not
to exceed thirty or thirty-five feet above the centre of
the valley, that being sufficient height for such Trec
Ferns as may perchance withstand the vicissitudes of
thirty years careful treatment.

In a house of this kind, furnished with means of
maintaining a temperature of 60 in the coldest weather,
situations in it would be found suitable to the good
growth of not only Fvrns and Aroidece, but also
Lromeliacee, Orchids, and other kinds of plants of an
epiphytal nature.

For an open-air Fernery a sheltered situation should
be chosen, and if possible within the influence of
shelter and shade, but not under trees ; a sloping bank,
a natural or artificial hollow, such as an old gravel-pit
or sunk fence, may be turned to good account. The

CULTIVATION, 851

number of species of exotic Ferns sufficiently hardy
to bear the cold of our winters is very limited, much
less than is generally believed, the chief of them
being natives of North America, which, with the
British species, amount to about 80 in all; therefore
the extent of space required for a simple collection of
‘hardy Ferns is small ; an area of 60 feet by 10 will be
ample, and which may be either on the side of a slope,
or between two slopes with a path in the centre and
open at one end only; or it may be a raised oblong
mound with a path all around it. If not confined to
a strictly scientific collection, and space to be had, an
interesting natural glen may be formed by introducing
other plants conspicuous for their large fohage.

It has been already stated, that although our small-
growing native and several exotic species, such as the
rock Asplenie, Woodsia, &c., endure the extremes of
heat and cold in their native localities, they neverthe-
less suffer by full exposure under artificial cultivation ;
it is therefore necessary to plant them on the rockery,
so that they can readily be protected in winter; an
inverted flower-pot, placed over each plant and covered
with leaves, or some loose material analogous to the
covering of snow of their native country, is a good
protection against being injured by excess of moisture
or severe cold. Where the rockery is to be carried
out on a large scale, then eaves and chasms may readily
be constructed, and with a natural or artificial head of
water they can be kept moist by the constant drop-
ping and spreading spray; thus making appropriate
positions for the natural growth of Adiantum Cappilus,
Hymenophyllec, &c. But when a full collection of the
many varieties of Scvlopendrium, Asplenium, Lomaria,

852 FERNS: BRITISH AND FORZIGN.

&c., are grown, then a pit, or frame with glazed sashes,
is the most convenient mode of keeping them. The
width of the pit should not exceed 5 feet, 3 feet or
more high at the back, to slope to about a foot at
front, its length regulated according to the number
of plants. They may be either grown in pots,
arranged to slope to the front, or a bank may be
formed with small rockery stones, neatly arranged
with the plants between them, and if the mason work
for the frame or pit is contrived to be hidden, the
whole will then be in character with the general
rockery. By this an interesting little bank may be
formed, and by proper arrangement of the plants the
variety lover can at a glance see the difference that
marks one favourite from another. The glass pro-
tection will stimulate the plants into early growth, and
finer fronds will be made, but care must be taken not
to expose the young fronds to the harsh drying winds
of spring, or late frosts, which often do great injury
to out of door Ferns; by midsummer, the glass sashes
may be entirely removed, due attention being paid to
watering and shading.

If the soil and subsoil of the situation chosen for a
hardy Fernery is stiff and retentive of moisture, and
the neighbouring trees, walls, &c., are clothed with
Musct and Iichens, it is favourable for Ferns without
the aid of much rockery; but if the soil is light and
sandy, then rockery is most essential for retaining
moisture, not only for Ferns, but also all kinds of
small herbaceous plants. Formerly there were great
masses of rockery in the Botanic Garden at Kew, but
modern iuste has swept the whole away, which, with
the removal of trees, walls, and old shrubberies, has

CULTIVATION. 853

caused the garden to become drier, as is manifested
by the disappearance of above nearly forty species of
Mosses, Hepatice, and Lichens; the effects of this, with
other causes, have been hurtful to the hardy Fern col-
lections. In forming a new rockery, after the plants
have become once established, as few changes should
take place as possible, either with the plants or stones
on which Musci should be encouraged to grow; and
in order to give a decorative effect, Sedwms, Semper-
vivums, Sazifrages, &c., may be placed on the pro-
jections and shelvings of the stones, the whole bordered
by a line of spring-flowering plants, such as Iberis
sempervirens, Alyssum sawatile, Arabis alpina, and
‘other plants of that nature.

It may be also mentioned that the vicinity of water
is a favourable position for a Fernery; where such
does not already exist, an artificial piece of water
should be made in conjunction with the rockery,
varying in size from a small basin to any extent: it
may be circular, oblong, straight, or winding, with
irregular projections. In ordinary cases its width need
not exceed ten to twelve feet; its margin should con-
sist of a bog or border, not less than three feet wide,
having a slope to the edge of the water. This border
will afford the means of growing a great many curious
sub-aquatic and bog plants, and the projections will
be excellent positions for the different species of
Osmunda ; water-lilies occupying the centre.

The want of such a rockery and aquarium has been-
much felt at Kew; for with all the great cost for
lakes, ponds, and water-works, yet no arrangement
has been made for growing a scientific collection of
bog and aquatic plants, either hardy or tropical.

24

854 -FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

TV. Cuttrvarion or Ferns 1x Warp’s Caszs.

T is now thirty years since I was invited by Dr.
Ward to visit him at his house in Wellclose
Square, for the purpose of seeing plants growing
in cases and glass jars, so closed as to be considered
air-tight. Knowing, as I did, the common practice
of growing plants under hand and bell-glasses, I
vherefore could not appreciate what I had gone to see
until I was made aware that the plant-loving residents
of such smoky and soot-falling districts of the metro-
polis, as that of Wellclose Square, could grow rare
and delicate plants equal to those at Kew. An
account of this: method of growing plants appeared in
the Companion to the Botanical Magazine for 1836, and
in April, 1838, the celebrated philosopher Mr. Faraday
delivered a lecture at the Royal Institution on the
subject, which may be considered as the advent and
introduction of Wardian cases, under which a large
portion, and decidedly the most beautiful of the
Fern family, are now successfully cultivated in the
sitting-rooms of the town-confined lovers of natural
objects. In 1842 Dr. Ward published a small work
on the subject, giving a history and details of manage-
ment, which renders it unnecessary for me to say more
regarding the early history of Ward’s cases. The
principle on which the system is founded, consists
simply in shutting up air in glass cases, in such a
manner that it is not readily influenced by changes
of the external atmosphere. The case also contains
several inches depth of moist earth, that gives off

CULTIVATION. 355

moisture to the absorbent, undisturbed air above it,
which becomes more or less saturated, as dependent
upon changes of temperature, and thus becomes
proper for the growth of plants.

The case may be constructed of any shape or size,
according to taste or means; it can be square or
round, an octagon or hexagon; the roof may be a dome,
span, or sloping, but by all means avoid a flat one;
and be the shape whatever it may, the design should
inevery point be neat, and not of such an ornamental
description as to be more attractive than the plants,
A very good, interesting collection may be grown
in one 3 ft. long by 14 ft. in width, and 24 fect high;
it will have the best appearance if the sides are con-
structed with single squares of glass; but if divided,
it must not be into more than three, as many
divisions spoil the effect; the ends should be made
to open, to enable any dressing or removing of old
fronds to be done conveniently, and a small piece of
perforated zinc should be inserted in the apex of the
roof at each end, which will assist in preventing the
almost universal complaint, that the plants cannot be
seen for condensed water on the inside of the glass;
this is caused by the variation of temperature. If
the case stands in the sun or becomes warm inside
during the day, and retains the heat, whilst the
temperature of the room may fall considerably during
the night, the cold air, acting upon the glass, con-
denses: the warmer vapour inside and obscures the
plants. By the introduction of the above-named
remedy the temperature is more equally balanced,
and the plants are always to be clearly seen. Should
the air outside become very hot and dry, it will be

242

306 FERNS: PRITISH AND FOREIGN.

advisable to close the ventilators for a short time
during the day. The glass case should be entirely in-
dependent of the soil-box, but to fit the inside, resting
in a groove or rabbet. The box should be about 6 in.
deep, and may be made of zinc, brass, or wood lined
with gutta-percha or zinc; but metal of any kind in
contact with the earth or air in which plants are
grown is not genial to either their roots or foliage.
I have always found the plants succeed best in a
neatly-made wooden box lined with pitch, having
a small tap or cock in one corner of the bottom, for
letting away any excess of water; but this will not
be necessary if proper attention is observed in
supplying the plants with a sufficient amount of
water at one time, which, in consequence of little or
no evaporation taking place, will be seldom required.
This knowledge can only be gained by practice ;
many amateurs’ failures with Ward’s cases being
caused mostly by giving too copious waterings at
certain stated intervals.

The height of the stand must be regulated accord-
ing to whether the plants are to be viewed in a
sitting or standing position; for the former the
ordinary height of a table is a sufficient guide, and
for the latter afew inches higher, so that the plants
can be seen through the side glass rather than from
the top. In preparing the box for the plants, about
one inch of its depth should be filled with sand or
other drainage material, such as is already explained
in pot-culture—but in Ward’s cases this is only
necessary as a precaution against an over-supply of
water,—the rest filled with soil, which should be good
fibry peat and silver sand, intermixed with pieces of

ba

CULTIVATION. 857

sandstone broken small, or (if peat cannot be pro-
cured) good light loam. Having proceeded so far,
two systems of planting the case present themselves.
‘The first plan is to plant in the soil, which should be
raised in the centre; the number of plants will
depend on the size of the box, and care must be
taken not to plant them in too crowded a manner,
the distance apart depending on the size and nature
of the plants, but in no case should they be closer
than six inches. The second method is to have the
- plants established in 4 to 6-inch pots, plunging them
in the soil sufficiently deep to hide the rims. of the
pots. The last system has one decided advantage,
namely, should a plant die or does not succeed, it can
be removed and replaced without disturbing its
neighbour. It must be understood that the above
mode of planting relates to plants with erect verna-
tion only, but those with creeping rhizomes, that form
cespitose tufts, require to be planted each on a
separately raised hillock, of which, if the case is large,
there may be a series, and for the creeping Hymeno-
phylla lumps of porous stone are very suitable; fine
patches may be obtained in this way, not only of
Hymenophylla, but also of the smaller species of
Niphobolus, Anapeltis, the beautiful Humata pinnati-
fida, Davallia pentaphylla, and others of like habit.
After the Ferns are planted, some small-growing
Selaginella, such as S. apus, may be pricked in over
the surface of the soil, in pieces a few inches apart,
-which will soon cover it, and give to the whole a neat
and finished appearance, and also materially assist
in maintaining the proper state of moisture in the air
of the case and about the plants. The planting bein 2

358 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

now completed, the soil must be brought to a uni-
form state of moisture; this is best accomplished by
two or three moderate waterings at intervals of half
an hour, and when thoroughly drained, the case may
be closed and placed in position. To make cases,
ornamental pieces of marble, shells, &c., are often
introduced ; but this should not be tolerated, as they:
do not harmonize with the occupants of such a
structure.

For Hymenophylla it is necessary they should be
sprinkled overhead occasionally ; to enable this to be
done, the tops of all small cases should be moveable,
and in large ones a hinged pane is required. A
sponge, or small thumb-pots filled with water and
placed out of sight, will greatly assist in keeping a
moist atmosphere, which is so essential for the health
of these filmy-leaved plants. If the cases stand in a
room where a fire is regularly kept in the winter, a
great many tropical species may be grown, and in
situations where they stand exposed, such as balcony
windows, halls, &c., care must be taken, as winter
approaches, that the soil does not become frozen,
such being very detrimental to even the hardiest
Ferns. “Hot bricks and bottles filled with hot
water have been resorted to as a preventive against
frost, as also for maintaining a proper temperature
for tropical species; but unless the bottom of the
case is constructed for that purpose, and arrangements
made for this mode of heating, to be strictly and
regularly attended to, it had better be dispensed with.
Should the case be exposed to the direct rays of the
sun during the summer, it must be shaded, and
care taken that the temperature inside does not

CULTIVATION.

become too high; it should not exceed 70°.

859
This

will be much assisted by placing the shading material

at some distance from the case.

Subjoined is a list of

species suitable for cases of ordinary dimensions ; it
must, however, be understood that a Ward’s case may
consist of a bell-glass, containing a ‘single plant, up
to a shut-in window, or area covered with glass, where
larger-fronded species may be grown.

Humata heteropliylla.
Davallia bullata.
pentaphylla.
Canariensis.
Leucostegia hirsuta.

— cherophylla.
pulchella.
Polypodium pectinatum.
Schkuhrii.
Lepicystis sepulta.
squamata.
rhagadiolepis.
Goniophlebium appendicu-

latum.
Lopholepis piloselloides.
Anapeltis stigmatica.
Pleopeltis nuda.
Niphopsis angustatus.
Drymoglossum piloselloides.
Hymenolepis spicata.
Phymatodes longipes.
glauca. .
Pleuridium juglandifolium.
venustum.
Selliguea caudiformis.
Niphobolus Lingua.
Drynaria propinqua.
Elaphoglossum piloselloides.
vestitum.
Hymenodium crinitum,
Rhipidopteris peltata.

Microstaphyla bifurcata.
Psomiocarpa apiifolia.
Stenosemia aurita.
Gymuopteris quercifolia.
Platycerium alcicorne.
Xiphopteris serrulata.
Gymnogramma tomentosa.
Calomelanos,
—— Martensii.
chrysophylla.
Peruviana, var. argyro-
phylla.
pulchella.
Llavea cordifolia,
Hemionitis palmata.
cordifolia. 7
Dictyoxiphium Panamense,
Ceratopteris thalictroides.
Meniscium simplex.
Goniopteris asplenioides.
Nephrodium molle.
Cyrtomium faleatum,
Fadyenia prolifera.
Aspidium Pica.
Hypoderris Brownii.
Trichiocarpa Muorii.
Polystichum mucronatum,
Lonchitis.
—— triangulum.
anomalum,
denticulatum,

360

Lastrea elegans.
concinna.
—— strigosa.
— vestita.

— podophylla.
—— erythrosorum,
—— Mexicana.
—— emula.
glabella.

— Shepherdi.
—— hirta.

sancta.
hispida.
deparioides.
Woodsia hyperborea.
polystichoides.
mollis.

Arthropteris albo-punctata.

Nephrolepis pectinata.
Notholena brachypus.
trichomanoides.
Marantee.
sinuata.
sulphurea.
Myriopteris lendigera.
myriophylla.
elegans.
tomentosa.
vestita.

hirta.
Cheilanthes viscosa.
fragrans.
tenuifolia.
microphylla.
— Alabamensis.
—-wmultiida. . -
—— argentea.

—— farinosa.

-—-— pulveracea.
capensis.
radiata.

pedata.

FERNS : BRITISH

AND FOREIGN.

Cincinalis nivea.
flavens.
pulchella.
Pcllea geraniifvlia.
——— intramarginalis.
hastata,
atropurpurea,
Calomelanos.
ternifolia.
eordata.
Platyloma Brownii.
Adiantum reniforme.
caudatum,
lucidum.
macrophyllum.
— villosum. °
pulverulentum,
‘rigidum.
fovearum.
curvatum.
affine.
formosum.
hispidulum,
setulosum.
— fulvum.
tenerum,
sulphureum.
—— Chilense.
Capillus.
AXthiopicum.
Onychium Japonicum.
auratum.
Pteris Cretica,
lineata.
longifolia.
-—— crenata.
heterophylla.
semipinnata.
argyrea.
tricolor.
scaberula.
Litobrochia denticulata.

var.

“uar.

albo-

Litobrochia leptophylla.

CULTIVATION, 861

Asplenium viviparium,

Doryopteris sagittifolia, viride.
pedata. fontanum.
collina. flabellifolinm.
Blechnum Lanceola. —— pinnatifidum.
cognatum. —— macilentum.
occidentale. ——- fragrans.
longifolium. Diplazium Zeylanicum.
campylotis. Antigramma rhizophylla.
Doodia blechnoides. Odontosoria tenuifolia.
caudata. Microlepia cristata.
Lomaria Patersoni. Gleichenia dicarpa.
lanceolata. rupestris.
L’Herminieri. alpina.
Asplenium Hemionitis. speluncer.

alternans,

— Belangeri.

Hymenophyllum species.

formosum. Trichomanes species.
Brasiliense. Féea spicata.

tenellum. Lygodium palmatum.
erectum. Anemia tomentosa.
marinum. fulva.

firmum. adiantifolia.
obtusatum. Anemidictyon Phyllitidis.
brachypteron. Mohria thurifraga.

Todea hymenophylloides.

V. Propagation or Ferns.

YFVHERE is considerable variety in the way in which
_ Ferns reproduce themselves, and we only aid
nature when we attempt to increase any particular.
species; such is usually effected, and certainly most
numerously, by sowing their spores or seeds, as com-
monly called, which are contained in cases, as already
explained at page 51; they consist of atomic particles,
which, under favourable conditions as regards light,

362 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

can be seen discharging from the spore-cases like
puffs of smoke; therefore Fern seed is said to be in-
visible, and to have the power of rendering persons
invisible. “I have the receipt of Fern seed and walk
invisible.”* Be that as it may, each particle is by the
aid of the microscope seen to have definite forms vary-
ing in different genera, being globose, oval, or angu-
lar, smooth, ‘plain, striated, or echinate, presenting
very beautiful microscopic objects. Although these
spores (see plate I.) are so small, they nevertheless are
endowed with an extraordinary power of, retaining
their vitality ; and being easily wafted by currents
of air, readily account for the wide geographical
range of many species of Ferns. When naturally or
artificially placed under favourable conditions, the
spore vegetates by expanding in the form of a simple
oblong cell, from which other cells are successively
produced, ultimately forming a thin green membrane,
called the Prothallium, which lies nearly flat, and by
the aid of fine spongioles attaches itself to the surface,
and when arrived at full size it is of a reniform
cordate shape, or sometimes bilobed, or obcordate,
varying from about { to } inch in diameter, having
much the appearance of a small foliaceous lichen. But
before proceeding to describe the method of sowing
and rearing, it is important that the seed sower should
be made acquainted with the remarkable discovery

made, in 1848, by Count Leszezyc Suminski, that Ferns...

possessed urgans analogous to stamens and pistils of
flowering plants, and that these were produced on the
Prothallium, In the progress of growth peculiar cells

* Shakespeare.

CULTIVATION. 363

are formed on its under. surface, of two kinds, one
called Antheridia, and the other Archegonia ; the first
(of which there are generally between 30 and 40) con-
taining round cells, called sperm cells, which contain
vermicular spermatozoids that issue from the cells
when arrived at maturity. The cells of the Archegonia
differ considerably in their structure from the Anthe-
ridia; they contain an embryonal sac, which at a certain
period protrudes from the cell, and with which the
moving spermatozoids are said to come in contact, and
thus produce fertilization ; soon after this the embryo
sac is changed, a bud is formed, and ultimately a young
Fern Plant is gradually developed, and in time the
Prothallium decays. This singular phenomenon excited
considerable interest, and has been carefully inves-
tigated by the late Professor Henfrey and other
eminent microscopists.*

Although the above is only an outline of the prin-
cipal points of this curious subject, yet it will be suffi-
cient to draw the attention of Fern seed sowers to the
subject, and materially assist them in understand-
ing, and arriving at the cause of the many anomalies
in the good and ill success attending the raising of
Ferns from seed. Much has, however, yet to be
investigated before any rule can be arrived at ; such as
why the Desmobrya division does, asa general rule, pro-
duce plants from seed in the greatest abundance, even
to some species becoming the weeds of the hothouse ;
while, on the other hand, those of the division Hremo-
brya are comparatively few, and may be considered
the exception and barrenness of this rule. The differ-

* Henfrey, in Linnean Transactions, vol. xxi, 1853.

864 FERNS: BRITISH AND FORKIGN.

ence in the fertility of the spores of these two divi-
sions is veryremarkable; this is,it must be remembered,
as found with the plants under cultivation, and as with
many true Ferns we find, from experience, the spores
of the latter seldom germinate in less than eighteen
months after having beensown. On the contrary, in
the Desmobrya group, many require but two or three
weeks, and occasionally certain species of Gymmno-
gramma and Cheilanthes will germinate in as many
days. From the irregularity, however, in this respect
it is in a great measure governed by the state of, and
conditions which surround, the seed; from repeated
trials with spores of Brainea insignis, Prothallia were
produced in forty-eight hours. Consequent on this
irregularity, ib is impossible to state what time of the
year is most suitable for sowing to ensure success,
especially for imported spores, which should be sown
as soon as received, provided a proper condition can
be given them. Therefore extra attention must be
paid when it unfortunately occurs that the young
Ferns are in their Prothalliwm stage during the winter
season, to keep them from damping and the growth of
conferva and musci. When it is desirable to increase any
particular species by spores, some precaution is neces-
sary to secure them in a proper ripe condition, and
without spores of other species growing near being
mixed with them. The fructified frond should be taken
as soon as the spore-cases on the plant begin to open,
~and placed between sheets of paper in a moderately
dry place for a few days, at the end of which time there
will be escaped spores in abundance. These should
be immediately sown in pots prepared in the following
manner ;—four to six-inch pots are generally the most

CULTIVATION. 865

convenient size; they should be half filled with good
drainage material; with the smallest particles at top,
when another fourth of depth should be occupied by
fine soil, half sand and peat, one quarter loam, with a
sprinkling of finely-broken sandstone or soft brick
slightly pressed down on the top; it should -then be
watered and time allowed for the whole to become
uniformly moist ; then the spores to be very thinly dis-
tributed over it, the whole covered with a bell-glass
or a piece of glass same size as pot, to be placed on
its rim, allowing a space of about one inch between it
and the surface of the soil. In order to keep the whole
moderately and constantly moist, the pots should be
placed in pans of water of half an inch depth, care being
taken not to allow the soil to become over saturated ;
and whenever any copious condensation takes place
on the glass, it should be carefully sponged off. As
the spores germinate, and the Prothallia become
crowded, so as to touch each other, they should be im-
mediately thinned, and if it is desirable to save the
thinnings they can be removed in little clumps on the
particles of brick or sandstone to other pots prepared
as for spores. It is not, however, with all our care in
sowing different species in separate pots, that the
species sown come up in the pot in which it was sown:
plants of it may be found in other pots, or in different
parts of the house on moist surfaces. This is easily ac-
counted for, as the least motion of the air carries away
the spores while in the action of sowing, and indeed
all superfluity of spores may be with profit distributed
over the whole huuse, the moist walls often affording
abundance of young plants. It also often happens that
a good crop of Pteris aquilina is the result, its spores

366 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

being no doubt latent in the soil used for filling the
pots. To avoid this it is advisable to bake the soil
before using, and to bring it again to its proper moist
state by the use of water that has been boiled.

It is said that spores retain their vitality for a
number of years; in my experience I have no direct
proof of this; but several remarkable. instances of
plants making their appearance without the spores of
the species having been sown, or even an Herbarium
specimen having been seen in this country. In the
instance of Lomaria Patersoni, a species originally
discovered in Tasmania, which spontaneously made
its appearance at Kew in 1830, only one specimen
was at that time said to be in the possession of Mr.
Brown, at the British Museum, which I never saw; and
Allan Cunningham informed me that he never found
the plant, and was very much surprised when he saw
it growing at Kew. This in time gave specimens to
many Herbaria, and living plants to botanic gardens.
A similar instance was that of Doodia blechnoides,
which made its appearance at Kew in 1835. Other
instances might be quoted, such as the appearance-of
Asplenium stipitatum,of which two plants spontaneously
made their appearance about twenty years ago, and I
at first supposed they had originated from the spores
from a specimen in my Herbarium of a Luzon plant
named by me Neottopteris stipitata; but in time it
became evident that the two plants were quite distinct
from it, and, like the Zomaria and Doodia, I had never
seen native specimens. By what means the spores that
produced these plants came to Kew it isimpossible to
say. In 1829 I found a plant of Ceterach officinarum
growing in a crevice of masonry on one of the

CULTIVATION, 867

towers of the New Palace at Kew (since taken down).
As this Fern is not found wild near London, it would
be useless to speculate where this solitary spore came
from ; it seemed however to have found a proper nidus
in the crevice, enabling it to germinate and resist all
untoward influences, to pass through the Prothallium
state and become a plant.

Polypodium vulgare and Asplenium Ruta-muraria
may be considered our domestic Ferns ; for many years
a plant of Polypodiwm vulgare grew on the brick wall
separating Hyde Park from Kensington Gardens, and
there it remained till the wall was taken down. These
few instances of isolated appearances of Ferns readily
explain the wide geographical distribution of some
species over the surface of the earth.

It has been shown that the spores of many species
germinate quickly and abundantly, and become fully
developed Prothallia, yet it often happens that no
plant: bud is formed, and in time the Prothalli«
decay; the cause of this has always been supposed to
be undue moisture or some atmospheric action not
sensible to us, as this has always occurred in certain
species of special interest, such as Brainea insignis,
the spores of which, as already stated, germinate
readily ; yet we have not succeeded in obtaining young
plants, not even one Prothallium being seen to makea
plant bud. Without special microscopical examination
of the Prothallia we can only speculate on the proba-
bility, that, as in flowering plants, the whole of the
spores of some Ferns (such as Braineu) are unisexual or
may even be entirely destitute of both Antheridia and
Archegoma, in either case deficient of the elements
necessary for the production of a plant bud.

£68 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

I have at page 65 mentioned that a few intermediate
forms of the genus Cy ymnogram: ma had been raised from
spores, which are considered sports by some and by
others hybrids ; the latter can only be admitted on the
supposition of two Prothallia of two different species
growing so contiguous to each other that the sperma-
tozoids of one Prothallium have the power of passing
and fertilizing the Archegonia of the other, and thus
produce a hybrid, as in flowering plants. Another
point of some practical importance is, that in
general only a single plant bud is formed on each
Prothallium, This may be supposed to be owing to
the vital function of the Prothalliwm not being able to
support more, in that respect analogous to only one
ovulum being fertilized in ovaries of many flowering
plants. Admitting that, then, how are we to explain that
on removing the plant bud a new bud is formed; and
even as many as eight to ten have been obtained from
Prothallia of Hymenodium crinitum, each of which, by
proper care, becomes aplant. Then again experiments
have shown, that by dividing the Prothallium from the
base upwards with a sharp instrument into two or
even four parts, each part produces a plant bud.
Seeing this, it is reasonable to infer that Prothallia
have the power of producing plant buds, analogous to
leaves of Begonias and other plants ; but whether such
is the case, or each bud is the result of the action
of spermatozoids on latent Archegonia, is not known.
Then again we have the remarkable instance of the
great profusion of plants produced by the spores of
all farinose Ferns, such as species of Gymnogramma,
Cheilanthes, Nothvlcena, Cincinalis, §c., and also of the
smooth ebenous genera Pellea, Llatyloma, Doryo-

CULTIVATION. 369

pteris, and Adiantum, while comparatively only a few
of the smooth-fronded species of the division Hreme-
brya produce plants from spores. This subject yet
requires much experimental investigation before
satisfactory reasons can be assigned for what is here
stated.

The majority of Ferns that do not increase by
spores, often, however, readily do so by other means,
such as by offsets, and viviparous buds, or bulbils
produced on the upper surface, on the apex of the
fronds, or in the axils of the segments, which, when
placed under favourable circumstances, become plants.
Ferns of czespitose vernation will occasionally produce
buds or crowns laterally on the old caudex, which
may be readily separated for propagation with a
sharp knife; when the vernation consists of a creep-
ing rhizomé, such may be cut in pieces of whatever
length desirable, with a bud or growing point in each
piece, and, as with the separated lateral crowns,
should be placed in as small a pot as convenient, with
soil suitable to their kind (selected according to the
tule already given for establishing plants), and the
whole subjected to an extra close atmosphere till
thoroughly established. Up to the present time at-
tempts to propagate Ferns by separated portions de-
void of any previously joined bud have proved fruitless ;
although by some a solitary instance in Scolopen-
driwm vulgare is considered sufficient evidence to the
contrary, as portions of the base of its fronds, if
separated, inserted in soil, and kept close and moist
by the aid of a bell-glass, will readily strike; so also
with some of the abnormal forms of the same genus, if

portions of the margins of their fronds are treated in
28

370° FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

the same manner. Upon close examination, however, .
previously formed embryo buds are observable and,
considering, too, its close affinity with the Aspleniums, ,
the most proliferous. (in the formation of bulbils) of.
all Ferns, this cannot be wondered at. To propagate
Ferns by the buds produced on their foliage is most.
easy. As soon as the bulbil plants have attained a size
to be handled conveniently, they should be carefully-
taken off and pricked out in pots filled with mode-
rately fine soil, and kept covered with a bell-glass till
thoroughly rooted, when they. may be potted off in
single pots, as required.

Species with long, slender, hard sarmentum, such.
as Gleichenia, do not root readily when separated ; in-
deed, large plants have been entirely destroyed by too »
free division of their sarmentum; to prevent this, layers
are resorted to, which is accomplished by fixing pro- .
longing sarmentums over small pots filled with soil,
which, when well rooted, can be. separated with safety,
and without injuring the specimen plant. Again, in
regard to the division Mremobrya, they are not only
remarkable in the sterility of their spores, but also in|
not producing viviparous buds; however, the readiness -
with which small portions of their rhizomes form
plants, and the already described tenacity of life,seem
to make them independent or to render less need of:
perfect spores or bulbils.

In concluding this treatise, I deem it necessary
to explain, that, in consequence of the woodcuts
occupying more space than was calculated for, and
in order to keep the book within a limited size,
it has become necessary to considerably reduce the.
original manuscript on Cultivation. It is, however,

CULTIVATION, $71

hoped that what is now given in the preceding pages
will be sufficient to show the nature of Ferns, and the
methods adopted for propagating and préserving
them in the collections of this country.

NOTE.

In the preceding article on Cultivation it has been shown
that all Ferns are capable of being cultivated in this country
under one of three conditions as regards temperature, deter-
mined by the nature of the native climate of the different
species, which, as regards the species enumerated in the
preceding catalogue, I classify as follows :—

1st. Hardy, in the open air.

North and Central Europe, including Great Britain
and Ireland, North America, North Asia.

2nd. Temperate House.

South Europe, Madeira, South Africa, North
India, China, Japan, Australia, South of the Tropics,
Tasmania, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Chili,
Mexico.

A few species of those countries are hardy,—such are marked
.H. after the name of the country; some others improve by a
higher temperature,—such are marked -Tr. after the name of
the country.

8rd. Tropical House.

West Tropical Africa, including St. Helena and
Ascension, Mauritius, Ceylon, India, Malacca, the

2B2

3872 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN. F

Malayan Archipelago, including Penang, Singapore,
Java, and the Philippines, Borneo, the Polynesian
and other Islands of the Pacific within or near the
Tropics, Sandwich Islands, Tropical America, inclu-
ding Venezuela, New Granada, Panama, Peru,
Guiana, Brazil, West Indies.

Some species from high altitudes within these countries will
thrive in the Temperate House,—such are marked T., after
the name of the country.

373

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS

QUOTED IN THIS WORK.

N.B.— When no special book is quoted after an author’s name,
his writings on feens are to be found in botanical and other scien-
tific journals of their time, and which are too numerous to notice
in this work,—Those with an asterisk are living authors.

*Agardh. J. C. Agardh, Professor of Botany at Stockholm ; author
of a “Monograph on the genus Pteris.”

At. W.&W.T. Aiton, father and son, Directors of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, from 1760 to 1841 ; authors of 1st and
Qnd edition of “ Hortus Kewensis,” 1793 and 1813.

A. Rich. A. Richard, a French botanist ; “ Voyage de l’Astrolabe
(Botanique).”

*Arn. Walker Arnott, Professor of Botany at the University,
Glasgow (see Hook. et Arn.).

*Bab. C. 0. Babington, Professor of Botany at the University,
Cambridge ; an eminent British botanist.

*Backhouse. James Backhouse & Son, nurserymen, York;
importers and cultivators of Ferns.

Bauer. Francis Bauer, a celebrated botanical painter (see Hook.
et Bauer).

Beauv. Palisot de Beauvois, a French botanist ; author of “Flore
d@Oware ;” figures and descriptions of plants in the Bight of
Benin, 1810. :

Bernh. J. J. Bernhardi, Professor of Botany at Erfurt.

Blume. ©. L. Blume, Director of the Botanic Garden, Batavia ;
“Enum. Plant. Jav.,” 1830; “FL Jav.,” figures and descrip-
tions of the plants of Java. ,

Bolt. ‘J. Bolton, an English botanist ; “ Fil. Brit.” figures of
British Ferns, 1790.

874 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Bory, J. B.@. Bory de St. Vincent, a French traveller and botanist.

*Brack. W. D. Brackenridge, Botanist to the United States’
exploring expedition ; Descriptions and figures of the Ferns of
the expedition.

Braun. A. Braun, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Monograph on

Selaginella.”

Br. B. Braun, the most celebrated of botanists ; “ Prodromus
Flore Nove Hollandie,” 1810; “Observations on Ferns in
Wallich’s Plante Asiaticee Rariores ;” Horsfield’s “ Plante
Jave.”

Br. P. Browne, author of a “ History of Jamaica,” 1756.

Brongn. A. Brongniart, a French: botanist.

Burm. J. Burmann, a Dutch botanist, and writer on plants of
India, Ceylon, &e.

Carm. Captain D. Carmichael, a Scotch cryptogamic botanist.

Cav. A.J. Cavanilles, Professor of Botany, Madrid.

*Colenso. Rev. W. Colenso, a New Zealand botanist.

Col. A. Colla, a collector and namer of Chilian ferns.

Cunn. A. Cunningham, a celebrated botanist and traveller in
Brazil and New South Wales from 1815 to.1830.

Dec. Aug. Decandolle, a celebrated French systematic botanist.

Desf. M. Desfontaines, a French botanist and traveller in Barbary ;
“Flora Atlantica.”

Desv. N. A. Desvauc, an eminent French botanist; author of
several papers on Ferns, from 1808 to 1814.

De Vries. G. H. De Vriese, a Professor of Botany, Leyden ;
“Monograph on the genus Angiopteris.”

Dick. J. Dickson, an English cryptogamic botanist.

Don. D. Don, Professor of Botany, King’s College, London ;
“Prodromus Flore Nepalensis.” — -

Dry. Jonas Dryander, librarian to Sir Joseph Banks ; a writer on
Ferns in the “ Linnzan Transactions.”

*Fiat. D.C. Eaton, an American botanist.

Ehrhart. F. Ehrhart, a German botanist.

Endl. Endlicher, Professor of ‘Botany, Vienna; “ Prodromus
Flore ae

Eng. Bot. English Botany, “Figures and descriptions of British
plants,” by-Sir J. E. Smith a Jas. Scmertie

Eschw. F. L. Eschweiler, a German botanist.

*Fée. <A. F. A. Fée, Professor of Botany, Strasburg, an eminent
pteridologist ; “Genera Filicum,” descriptions and figures of
the genera of Ferns, 1850-1852 ; “ Memoirs on Acrostichum
and other Genera.”

‘A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS. 875

Fisch. Dr. Fischer, a Russian botanist, and Director of the Im-
perial Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg (see Lang. et Fisch.).

Fl. d'Oware (see Beawv.).

Forsk. Peter Forskahl, a Danish naturalist and traveller in Arabia ;
“Flora Aigyptiaca.”

Forst. John Reinhold Forster, botanist to Captain Cook’s second
voyage ; “Figures of Ferns in Schkuhr’s ‘ Cryptogamia.’”

-Gal. “H. Galeotti, a German botanical collector in Mexico.

Gard. Chron. Gardeners’ Chronicle, a weekly journal. New
garden ferns described by T. Moore.

‘Gardn. Dr. G. Gardner, a botanical traveller in Brazil, and
Director of the Botanic Garden, Ceylon.

‘Gaud. M. C. Gaudichaud, a French botanist; “Plants of
Freycinet, Voyage de lUranie,” 1817-1820.

Gull. as Gillies, a Scotch botanist and collector of plants in

ili.

Gmel. J. G. Gmelin, a Russian botanist and traveller in Siberia ;
author of a “System of Plants” and “ Flora Sibirica.”

*Gray. Dr. Asa Gray, Professor of Botany, Havard University,
United States.

*Grev. Dr. R. K. Greville, an eminent botanical artist (see
Hook. et Grev.). ;

*Griscb. A. H. R. Griscbach, a German botanist; “Flora of the
West Indies,” 1864.

.Haenk. (see Prest).

Ham. Dr. Francis Hamilton, an Indian botanist.

*Hance. Dr. H. F. Hance, an English botanist, and writer on
Chinese Ferns.

Hedw. J. Hedwig, a German cryptcsamic botanist.

Hic B.éH. BK. Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. The two
first famous travellers and botanists in South America.
Kunth, a German botanist.

*Hew. Robert Heward, a zealous botanist, and writer on Ferns of
‘Jamaica, in the “ Magazine of Natural History.”

Hitch. — Hitchcock, a North American writer, |“ Silliman’s
Journal.”

Hof. G. F. Hoffmann, a German botanist, and writer on crypto-
gamic plants, 1784.

Homb. et Jacq. Hombron et Jacquemont, French voyagers to the
South Pole ; “ Voyage au Pol Sud, &c.,”. History of the Voyage
and. Plants.

Hook. Sir W. J. Hooker, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, from 1841 to 1865 ; an admirable descriptive botanist and
eminent Pteridologist ; “‘ Exotic Flora,” figures of rare plants,
1823 ; “Icones Plantarum,” figures of 1,000 rare plants—many
Ferns ; “ Second Century of Ferns,” 100 figures of rare Ferns ;
“ Filices Exotica,” figures of 100 Ferns ; “ Garden Ferns,” 64

376 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

figures ; “Journal of Botany,” 4 vols. ; “London Journal of
Botany,” 7 vols.; “ Journal of Botany and Kew Miscellany,”
9 vols. ; “Species Filicum,” 5 vols., descriptions of all known
Ferns with upwards of 300 figures, 1844-64. ;

Hook. e Arn. Hooker and Arnott, “ Botany of Capt. Beechey’s
Voyage.”

Hook. et Bauer. Hooker and Bauer, the “Genera Filicum,”
figures of the genera of Ferns, illustrated by Bauer, 1838.
Hook. et Grev. Hooker and Greville; “Icones Filicum,” figures

of rare Ferns, 230 plates, 2 folio vols., 1831.

*Hook. fil. Dr. Joseph Hooker, Director of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew; appointed 1865 ; “Flora Antarctica,” “ Flora
of New Zealand,” “ Flora of Tasmania.”

Hoppe. J. OC. Hoppe, a German botanist, and collector of

lants.

Bie Gardens; Hort. Ang. English gardens ; Hort. Berol.
Berlin garden ; Hort. Linden. Horticultural Garden, Brus-
sels.

* Houlst. (see Moore et Houlst.).

Huds. W. Hudson, an English writer on British plants.

Humb. A. v. Humboldt, a celebrated traveller and philosopher
(see H. B. K.).

Jacq. Nicolas Joseph & Francois Jacquin, father and son, eminent
Austrian botanists ; “ Icones rariorum,” figures of rare plants.

*Johns. J. Y. Johnson, a writer on Madeira ferns.

*J. Sm. John Smith, Curator Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
(retired 1864) ; “Gen. Fil,” an arrangement of the genera of
Ferns in Hooker’s “ Journal of Botany,” 1841; ‘‘ knum. Fil.
Philipp.,” an enumeration of the Ferns collected by H. Cuming
in the Philippine Islands; “Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald,” an
enumeration of the Ferns in Seemann’s “Botany of the
Voyage of the ‘ Herald’ ;” “Cat.” Ferns cultivated at Kew,
in appendix to Botanical Magazine, 1846 ; “ Cat. Cult. Ferns,”
catalogue of Ferns cultivated in British gardens in 1857.

*Karst. Dr. Karsten, a German botanist and traveller in Tropical
America ; “ Flora Columbia.” :

Koulf. G. F. Kaulfuss, Professor of Botany, Leipsic; “ Enwn.
Fil,” Enumeration of the Ferns collected in Chamisso’s

oyage.

Klot. wr. ilotesch, a German botanist.

Kunz. G. Kunze, Professor of Botany, Leipsic; “ Analecta
Pieridographia,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, 1834;
‘Schkuhr’s Cryptogamia,” continued, 1841-51; numerous
other papers on Ferns,

Labill, J. J. Labillarditre, a French navigator sent in search of

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS. 3877

M. La Perouse; “Nov. Holl. Plant. Spec.” figures and
descriptions of New Holland plants, 1804-1806 ; “Sertum
Austro-Caledon.,” figures and descriptions of plants in New
Caledonia. .

Lag. M. Lagasca, Professor of Botany, Madrid.

Lam. Jo. Bapt. Monet de Lamarck, a celebrated French naturalist
and compiler. ;

Lang. e& Fisch. G. Langsdorf, a Russian botanist. “Icon. Fil.”
figures of Ferns, chiefly Brazilian, 1810.

DHeért. C. L. DP Héritier, a French botanist.

Lieb. Liebmann, a German botanist.

Lieb. Inebold, a German ttaveller and botanist, and collector of
plants in Mexico.

*Zinden. J. Linden, a nurseryman at Brussels, and traveller in
Mexico and Peru ; a collector and importer of rare plants.

Lindl. Dr. John Lindley, an eminent systematic botanist,
Professor of Botany, University College, London; “Lindl. &
Moore : Nature-printed British Ferns.”

Link. H. F. Link, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Enumeration of
the Ferns of the Berlin Garden.”

Linn. Car. Linneus, the celebrated Swedish botanist, and founder
of modern botany.

Lodd. Conrad Loddiges & Son, nurserymen and great cultivators
of Ferns at Hackney.

Lour. Loureiro, a Portuguese botanist and traveller in Cochin
China ; “ Flora Cochinchinensis.”

*Lowe. E. J. Lowe ; “ Lowe's Ferns,” figures and descriptions of
exotic Ferns, in 9 vols.

Mart. et Gal. “Figures and descriptions of Mexican Ferns,” by
H. Galeotti and M. Martens.

Mari. C.F. P. Martius, Professor of Botany in Munich; “Icon.
Crypt.,” figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1820.
*Metien. Dr. G. Mettenius, Professor of Botany at Leipsic, and
eminent writer on Ferns; “Figures and descriptions of the
Ferns in the Leipsic Garden ;” “ Monograph on the genus

Aspleniwm,” &e.

Mey. C. Meyer, a German botanist.

Micha. A. Michaux, a French botanist and traveller in North
America ; “ Flora Boreali-Americana.”

*Mig. F. A. G. Miquel, a Dutch botanist.

*Moore. T. Moore, Curator of the Apothecaries’ Garden, Chelsea ;
“Index Filicum,” an alphabetical list of all names of Ferns ;
various books on British Ferns (see Lindl.).

*Moore et Houlst. T. Moore and W. Houlston ; “Descriptions
and Wood-cuts of Cultivated Ferns,” published in Ayer’s
“ Magazine of Botany.”

Muhl. Muhlenberg, a North American botanist, '

378 FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

*Newm. Edwd. Newman, author of works on British Ferns.
Nutt. D. Nuttall, a North American botanist.

Plum. Car. Plumier, a French botanist and traveller in the West

Indies. “Plum. Fil.,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, chiefly
. of the French West India Islands, 1666. ° :

Poir. M. Potret, a French botanical compiler.

Presl. C. B. Presl, Professor of Botany, Prague ; a famous Pteri-
dologist ; “ Reliqua Haenkeeana,” figures and descriptions of
Ferns collected by the traveller Haenke ; “Tent. Pterid.,” a
new arrangement of the genera of Ferns, 1836 ; “ Epimeliz
Botanice,” figures and descriptions of Ferns, being an addenda
to the preceding.

Pursh. Frederick Pursh, author of a “ Flora of North America.”

-Radd. J. Raddi, a German botanist, who travelled in Brazil ;
“Fil. Bras.,” figures and descriptions of Brazilian Ferns, 1825.

Raoul. M. M.£. Raoul, a French botanist and writer on New
Zealand Ferns.

*Regel. — Regel, Director of the Imperial Garden, St. Petersburg,
1866.

Retz. A. J. Retzius, a German botanist and writer on plants of
Ceylon.

Rheede. H. van Rheede, a Dutch botanist; “Hortus Indicus
Malabaricus,” a large work on the plants of Malabar, 1703.

Reichenb. — Reichenbach, a German botanist ; “ Flora Germanica.”

Reinw. — Reinwardt, Professor of Botany, Leyden, and traveller
and collector of plants in Java and other Malayan islands.

Remy in Gay. Remy, an authority in Cl. Gay’s “ Flora of Chili.”

Rich. DL. C. Richard, a writer on the plants of Guiana.

Roth. A. G. Roth, a celebrated German botanist and writer on
Ferns.

Roxb. Dr. Roxburgh, an English botanist ; “ Observations on St.
Helena Ferns.”

*R.T. Lowe. RK. T. Lowe, a writer on Madeira Ferns.

‘Rudge. “E. Rudge, author of a work on the plants of Guiana.

Schk. .C. Schkuhr, a Dutch botanist; “ Crypt. Schk.,” erypto-
gamic figures of Ferns; “ Crypt. Supp.,” supplement of the
above, continued by Kunze.

Schlecht. D. F. L. Schlechtendahl, Professor of Botany in Berlin ;
Schlecht. Adwmb. “ Adumbratio Plantarum,” figures and
descriptions of South African Ferns.

Schott. Heinrich Schott, Director Royal Gardens, Vienna ; “Schott
Gen. Fil.” the genera, illustrated by figures.

Schreb. J. C. Schreber, a German botanist.

Schum. — Schwmacher, a writer on plants of Guinea.

A LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS. 879

*Seemann. Dr. Berthold Seemann, an eminent botanist and voyager
“ Botany of the expedition of the surveying ship Herald.”
Sibth. Dr. Sibthorp, an English botanist and traveller in Greece ;

author of “ Flora Greeca,”

Sieber. — Steber, a celebrated German botanical traveller and
collector in various parts of the world.

*Sim. R. Sim, a nurseryman and celebrated grower of Ferns at
Foot’s Cray, Kent.

Sloan. Sir Hans Sloane, a traveller in the West Indies ; author
of “ History of Jamaica,” and founder of the British Museum.

*Sm. Sir James Edward Smith, a celebrated British botanist and
writer on botany in various journals ; first President of the
Linnzan Society, and purchaser of the “ Linnzan Herbarium.”

*Sowerby. E. Sowerby, a British botanist ;- author of a work on
British Ferns.

Spenn. — Spenner, a German botanist.

Split. F. L. Splitgerber, a Dutch botanist ; “An enumeration of
the Ferns of Surinam.”

Spreng. C. Sprengel, Professor of Botany, Halle ; “ Syst.,” a syste-
matic enumeration of plants according to the Linnean
arrangement,

Spring. — Spring, a German botanist and writer on Lycopodiacee.

*stansfield. — Stansfield, a nurseryman at Todmorden, Yorkshire,
celebrated as a discoverer and cultivator of numerous varieties
of British species of Ferns.

Sw. Olaf Swartz, a Swedish botanist and traveller in Jamaica ;

. “Synopsis Filicum,” an enumeration and description of all
known Ferns since 1806.

Thunb. P. Thunberg, a Dutch traveller and botanist in Japan
and Cape of Good Hope; “FL Jap.,” the Flora of Japan,
.: 1784,
*Thwaites. G.I. Thwaites, Director Botanic Garden, Ceylon ;
author of “Flora of Ceylon.” :
Tuckerman. E. Tuckerman, a United States botanist.

Vahl. Mart. Vahl, a German botanist.

*Van Houte. L. Van Houte, a celebrated Belgian nurseryman ;
author of periodical botanical works.

*Veitch. James Veitch & Son, nurserymen, London, celebrated
importers and cultivators of rare Ferns.

Vent. E. P. Ventenat, a French botanist.

Vogler. — Vogler, a German botanist.

Wall. Dr. Nathaniel Wallich, Director Botanic Garden, Calcutta,
MSS. catalogue of the plants contained in the “ Wallichian
Herbarium” at the Linnzan Society.

380 FERNS ; BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

*Watson. Hewet Cottrell Watson, an eminent British botanist.
Webb. P. B. Webb, an English botanist ; “ Flore des Canaries,”
Weis. F. W. Weis, a German cryptogamic botanist.

Willd. C. L. Willdenow, Professor of Botany, Berlin ; “ Species
Plantarum ;” Enumeration of plants in the Berlin Garden,
1809.

*Wollast. T. Wollaston, an English botanist and writer on Ferns,

Wulf. F. H. Wulfen, a German botanist.

Zenk. — Zenker, a German botanist and writer on plants of the
Nilgheery,

381

INDEX

OF

GENERA, SPECIES, AND SYNONYMES.

N.B.—The names in itulies are synonymes,

Where two pages ure given, the second

refers to Cultivation,

ceulefolium, Blame
Calomelanos, Linn.
Canariense, Willd.
CEIViNUIM, SW. secresseneevens . 115

—
Aconiopteris, Prest......... page 107 | Acrostichum—
longifolia, F6e........06iecceees 107 chrysophyllum, Sw. .. page 126
nervosa, J. Sm. ..... .. 107 citrifolium, Linn. ...... 108
subdiaphana, Presl............ 107 conforme, SW. wiiccsreeseree 105
Acrophorus. crassinervum, Kunze .. wee 105
Gffiniss Moore .........sceeee ees 77) crinitum, Sw. ...ccccccvesvecees 108
cherophyllus, Moore.......... 77] crispatulum, Wall....... ..... 117
hispidus, Moore ....... we 283 cuspidatum, Willd. ... 106
immersus, Moore..... we 77) flagelliferum, Wall... 117
pulchra, Moore ........ecc0e0 77) flavens, SW. eeces ce eeceeeee 178
Acropteris, Link. feniculaceum, Hook. et Grev. 110
radiata, Wée ...... soatuanimatat 219! fraxinifolium, R. Br. ... . 120
septentrionalis, Link ......... 218) frigidwm, Linden ... 106
Acrostichum, Linn. ............ 119 fuciforme, Wall. ...... 121
acuminatum, Willd. 118| Funckii, Fée ....... 105
albidulum, Sw. ...... 178 Funckii, Hook. .... 105
alcicorne, Sw. ..... .. 121] furcatum, Linn. ......... 249
alienwmn, SW. w...cccecsencevees 118 Gaboonense, Hook. 118
apodum, Hook. et Grev. ... 106 grande, A. Cunn. 121
appendiculatum, Willd. ... 111 Hamiltoniana, Wall. 111
ereolatum, Linn. ............ 207 Herminieri, Bory ... 105
aureum, Linn. ..... 120, 327 Herminieri, Hook. . . 105
auritum, SW. viccccsacescceenes 116 hirtum, Sw. .... ww. 106
avillare, Cav. vs. Twense, Linn .......... «. 162
barbarum, Linn. lanuginosum, Desf. . 173
bifurcatum, Sw. ..... latifolium, SW. wccceceeeeeees 105
Blumeanum, Hook. E lepidopteris, Lang. et Fisch. 80
brachyneuron, Fée....... Unearifolium, Presl ......... 115

Lingua, Thunb. ......
longifolium, JRO: 2

\

382 FERNS :
Acrostichuam—
Meyerranum, Hook. ...page 208
microlepis, Kunze ...........5 105

.. 106
. 107

muscosum, Sw.
nervosum, Bory

nicotiandfoleum, Sw. vin, 118
paleaceum, Hook. et Grev. 106
peltatum, Schk. ............... 110

. 114
. 105
119

phlebodes, Kunze ...
piloselloides, Presl 2
prestantissimum, Bory ......
proliferum, Blume...
punctulatum, Linn.
quercifoliwm, Retz ...
rubiginosum, Fée ..
scandens, Linn. ... P
Schiedei, Kunze .............65

wz AZ
. 118
.. 106
. 208
106

scolopendrifolium, Radd. ... 106
petosvar, Wal. cicscconntinnes 111
Siebert, Hook. et Grev. 105

sinuatum, Sw.
sorbifolium, Linn. ..
sorbifoum, Hook. ..
spicatum, Linn. .....
squamosum, Sw.
Stemaria, Beauv. ..
stigmatolepis, Fée

subdicphanum, Hook. et
GEGViy dovadgetianendshbdetest 107
sulphureum, Sw. 126
Tartareum, Sw. ..... 125
trifoliatum, Linn. .. 125
undulatum, Willd. .. 106
velleum, Ait. ...... 173
virens, Wall. 117
viscosum, Blume... 106
vivizarum, Sw. ... 111
Yapurense, Hook. .........0. 114

Actiniopteris.
radiata, Link ....0. si ccsieavea
Actinostachys, Wall.
digitata, Wall.
Adiantopsis.
Capensis, Moore......
pedata, Moore......
ptercides, Moore
radiata, Fée ....
spectabilis, Fée .
Adiantum, Linn.
‘aculeatum, Linn. ...
4ithiopicum, Linn.

. 117]

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Adiantum—
affine, Hook. ...
affine, Willd. ...
amenum, Wall. .
arcuatum, Sw. .
assimile, Sw. ....
assimile, Lowe
betulinum, Kaulf. ial
Brasiliense, Link ...
Brasiliense, Radd. .........
capillus-veneris, Linn.
cardiochlena, Kunze .........
caudatum, Linn.
Chilense, Kawulf. ...
colpodes, Moore ......
concinnum, H. B. K.
cristatum, Linn.
cultratum, J. Sm.
cuneatum, Lang. et Fisch.
Cunninghamia, Hook.
curvatum, Kaulf. .....
dolabriforme, Hoox. ..
emarginatum, Bory ..
Féei, Moore..........0006
flabellulatum, Linn.
fleauosum, Hook........
formosum, &. Br. ..
fovearum, Radd.
fulvum, Raoul......
fuscum, Retz. ......

hispidulum, Hort. .. 185
hispidulum, Sw. ............ 185
Gheisbeghtii, Buckhouse ... 289
intermedium, Sw. .. 184
Kaulfasii, Kunze 183
lucidum, Sw. ........ 183
Junulatum, Burm. .. 183
macrophyllam, Sw. .. 183
Matthewsianum, Hook. ...... 184
+ monosoratum, Willd. .... 184
Moritzianum, Klot. 186
obliquum, Kaulf. 183
obliquum, Willd. 183
pallens, Sw. ...... 187
paradozum, R. Br. 182
patens, Willd. 185
pedatum, Linn. .......... 185
pentadactylon,Lang. et Fisch. 184

polrphyllum, Willd. .........
prionophyllum, H.B.K. .
pubescens, Schk.

INDEX. . 383

Adiantum—
pulverulentum, Linn. page 184
radiatum, Linn. Pease nie LEE

reniforme, Linn. we
rhomboideum, Schk. ..
rigidwm, Hort. Berol.
setulosum, J. Sm. .....
subcordatum, Sw.

sulphureum, Kaulf.

tenerum, Sw..... . 186
tenerum, J. Sm. oc. ccc ees 289
tetraphyllum, Hort. Berol.... 184
tetraphyllum, Willd. ......... 184
tinctum, More ........ .. 290

trapeziforme, Linn. ..
trapeziforme, Forst.
triangulatum, Kaulf. ..
trigonum, Labill.

truncatum, Radd. . 184
varium, Presl...... . 183
villosum, Linn. ......cececeees 183
Wilesianum, Hook... wwe 185
Wilsoni, Hook.........cccceeseee 183
Alewritopteris.
Memicanum, Fée.........600008 176
Allantodia.
Australis, R. Bre ..ceceeccees 221
axillaris, Kaulf. .... . 220
denticulata, Wall. .. 220
umbrosa, R. Br. ........44. tae 220

Allosorus.
Calomelanos, Presl
cordatus, Presl ....
crispus, Bernh. ....
dealbatus, Presl....
flecuosus, Kunze....
hastatus, Presl ....
Karwinskii, Kunze
pulchellus, Mart.
sagittatus, Presl...

Alsophila, R. Br.
aculeata, J. Sm....
affinis, Fée .......
armata, Presl ....
armata, Mart. i
aspera, BR. Bre... cseses sevens 244
Australis, R. Br. .....
Beyrichiana, J. Sm. ...
blechnoides, Hook. ...
Capensis, J. Sim. ....06 eo
contaminans, Wall. ......605 245

Alsophila—
Coopert, Hook. ......... page 245
Deckeriana, Klot. ............ 247

excelsa, R. Br...... ..245, 331
ewcelsa, Mart. .....c.cccccceenee 246
ferox, Prest.... .. 244
Serow, Presl ........cccccececeees 245

Fischeriana, Regel
gigantea, Wall. ...

glauca, J. Sm......... 245
Hostmanni, J. Sm. . 244
levis, J. Sm. oo... eee .. 244
Macarthuri, Hook. « 245
Moorei, J. Sm. ........ .. 245

munita, Hort. Berol. ..
paleolata, Mart. ......
procera, Kaulf. ...

pruinata, Kaulf. .. 247

radens, Kaulf. ........ .. 244

Surinamensis, J. Sm. ...... 214

villosa, Presl ........ccccseeeee 245
Amblia.

juglandifolia, Presl ..... veee 143
Amesium,

septentrionale, Newm. ...... 218
Amphicosmia.

Beyrichiana, Moore ......... 244

Capensis, Moore........ ‘ca

Hostmanmi, Moore
levis, Moore ............. wh
Amphidesmium, Schott ...... 167
blechnoides, Klot. ...... ‘
Parkeri, Schott ...
rostratum, J. Sm. . bes
Anapeltis, J. Sm. .... 85, 315

geminata, J. Sm. ... 86
lycopodioides, J. Sm. 86
nitida, J. Sm.......... 86
Owariensis, J. Sm. &6
serpens, J. Sm. ...... 85
squamulosa, J. Sm. 86
stigmatica, J. Sm.... 36
vaceinuifolia, J. Sm. . 85
VEnosda, J. SM. vesesseererees 66
Anapausia.
decurrens, Presl .....ccccs000s « as
Anaxetum.
crassifolium, Schott ......... 95
Anchistea, Presl......... . 205
Virginica, Presl . 205
Anemia, Sw. ..csssseseccsseees wee ZED

884 FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Anemia— Arthropteris—
adiantifolia, Sw. ...... page 260 albo-punctata, J. Sm. page 163
adiantifolia, Hook. ......... 260| filipes,J.Sm. wee 163 °
asplenifolia, SW. ....seeeeeee 260 obliterata, J. Sm. . 166
cheilanthoides, Kaulf. ...... 259 tenella, J. Sm. » 168
cicutaria, Moore et Houlst. 260| Aspidium, Sw. ...... . 143
collina, Raddy cascaareviessvadens 259 abortivum, Blume ... . 140
densa, Link. ...... . 261 acrostichoides, Sw. . 149

180

. 259 aculeatum, Hook. ... .
. 150

Dregeanea, Kunze... a
. 259 aculeatum, Sw. ......

ferruginea, H. B. K.

flewuosa, SW. ....es eee .« 260 acuminatum, Hort. . 159
fravinifolia, Radd. vee 261 acutum, Sw. ...... . 1€4
fulwa, Sar dsccanseeces weer 259 emulum, Sw... we LBS
hirsuta, Sw. .. 260 affine, Fisch. et Mey. ...... 156
hirta, Hort. ...... vax BOP albo-punctatum, Willd. ...... 163
longifolia, Radd. . 261 alpestre, Hoppe ........ . 1¢9
Mandiocana, Radd. . 259 alpinum, Sw. .... . 161
Phyllitidis, Sw. ... .. 261] |‘ amabile, Blume ..:..... . 152
Raddiana, Link . .. 259 amplissimum, Metten. ...... 151
repens, Radd. .... . 260 angulare, Willd. ..........00066 150

.. 259 angustum, Willd. ............ 220
« 2659 anomophyllum, Zenk. ...... 143
.. 260 apiifolium, Schk. ............ 145
. 261 aristatum, Sw. ...... o 1

tomentosa, Sw. ...
villosa, H. B.K. ..
Anemidictyon, J. Sm.
Phyllitidis, J. Sm. ...

Phyllitidis, Lowe ... . 261 articulatum, Sw. ... 74
Anetium, Kunze......... . 108 articulatum, Schk. ... 7A
catrifoliam, Split. csieerserses 108 atomarium, Mubl. 160
Angiopteris, Hoffm. ...... 268, 333 atratum, Wall. 156
Brongniartiana, De Vriese... 268 augescens, Link...... 153
evecta, Hoffts........cccceeeees 268 auriculatum, Schk. 149
hypoleuca, De Vriese .. 268 awillare, Sw. .....66 220
longifolia, Miq. .........4. .. 268 Barteri, J. Sm. ... 286
Miqueliana, De Vriese ...... 268 Berteroanum, Col. 151
pruinosa, Kunze .........ceteee 268 bisseratum, Sw. .......- 165
Teysmanniana, De Vriese ... 268 Boottii, Tuckermann .. 156
Anisogonium. Boutonianum, Hook. .. . 163
decussatum, Presl ,..... hive 220 Brawnii, Spenn. ..... . 150
esculentum, Presl ... «. 227 bulbiferum, Sw. 160
Serampurense, Presl .. 227 cespitosum, Wall. 149
sylvaticum, Hook. ... .. 223 canum, Wall. ...... 155
Antigramma, Presl .. 226 Capense, Willd. ... 151
Brasiliensis, Moore + 226 caryotideum, Wall... 143
repanda, Presl ........ a 226 chrysolobum, Link 155
rhizophylla, J. Sm... «. 226 cicutarium, Sw. ... 145
Antrophyum, Kawif. .. . 129 coadunatum, Wall. .. 145
citrifolium, Fée ...... .. 108 confertum, Kaulf. .. 141
Cayennensis, Kaulf. ......... 180 coniifolium, Wall. .... 151
lanceolatum, Kaulj. .. - 130] —conterminwm, Willd. 154

lineatum, Kaulf. < 130 coriaceum, Lowe..... - 151
reticulatum, Kaulf. « 1aQ coriaceum, Sw. .. s20
Arthropteris, J. Sm. .........6.. 162 cristatum, SW. wise ceeeeee ees 158

INDEX. 385
Aspidium— Aspidium—

curvifolium, Kunze ... page 151 Kaulfussii, Link ...... page 155
davallivides, Sw. wee 165 lacerum, Hat. ......:cccceeeeee 156
decompositum, Spreng. 153| Lancastriense, Spreng. ...... 158
‘decurrens, J. Sm. ...... 146 latifolium, J. Sm. ...... 145
decurtatum, J. Sm. 140 lepidocaulon, Hook. 286
deltoideum, Sw. .... 155 leucosticton, Kunze 163
denticulatum. Sw. . 151 lobatum, Sw. ....... 150
deparioides, Hook. . 159 Lonchitis, Swe... 149
depastum, Schk. 158 macrophyllum, Sw. veer 145
diforme, Blume ......... 285 monginalis, SW. ...sseeereeses 157
dilaceratum, Kunze 145 melanocaulon, Blume 145
dilatatum, A. Gray oo... 156 Mexicanum, Kunze 157
dilatatum, Sm, ...... 157 molle, Sw. 140
dreyanum, Sw. .... 170 montanum, Sw. . 161
dumetorum, Sm..... 158 mucronatum, Sw. 149

ebenum, J. Sm. .
eburneum, Wall.
elongatum, Sw. ...
ensifolium, Sw. .
erosum, Schk. ......
exaltatum, Schk.,
falcatum, Sw. . 5
falciculatum, Radd.
falcinellum, Sw..
fallaa, Fisch. ......
Pitizfemina, Sw.
Filiz-mas, Sw.
fiexum, Kunze...
fontanum, Sw.
fragile, SW. swt
frondosum,. Lowe
funestum, Kunze
_ giganteum, Blume .. st
glabellum, Lowe .........es0ees
glanduliferum, Karst.
glandulosum, Blume
Halleri, Willd.
heracleifolium, Willd.
Hippocrepis, Sw.
hirsutulum, Sw. ...
hirtipes, Blume ...
. hirtum, Sw.
hispidum, Sw.
Hookeri, Klot.
Hookeri, Wall.
immersum, Blume...
impressum, Kunze ..
~ intermedium, Willd.
invisum, SW. we cerereceeeeeees
juglandifolium, Kunze

mucronatum, Lowe
Napoleonis, Bory

neriiforme, Sw. 74
nigripes, Hort. ... 145
nodosum, Willd. ... 74
obliqgquum, Don... 149
obtusum; Kunze ... 151
Oreopteris, Sw. 154
paleaceum, Don . 156
patens, Sw... 154
pectinatum, Willd. 164
Pica, Desv. .......0206 144
pilosissimum, Don ...sseceees 154
pilosum, Lang. et Fisch. ... 164
plantaginewm, Griseb. ...... 135
platyphyllum, Metten. ...... 145
Plumieri, Presl ........ . 144
podophyllum, Hook. ......... 155
polymorphum, Wall. ...... 286
polyphyllum, Kaulf. ......... 154
proliferum, Hook. et Grev. 143
proliferum, R. Br. ......ee 151
protensum, Sw. ... i

pteroides, Sw.......
Pteroj us, Kunze...
pubescens, Lowe ..
pumilum, Lowe ...
punctilobum, Sw.
pungens, Kaulf. .......
purpurascens, Blume....
quinquangulare, Kunze .
recedens, Lowe
regiwm, SW. .ssseeee
remotum, A. Br... nite
repandum, Willd. ice Lid

386 FERN

Aspidium— :
rhomboideum, Wall. ... page 152
rigidum, SW. ....cseeeecesee ees 156
rivulorum, Link .. . 154
rufo-barbatum, Wall. 151
-Schkuhrii, Link ...... 16-4
semicordatum, Sw. . 165
serra, Schk. 139
setoswm, Sw. .... 152
Shepherdii, Kunze... 159
Sieboldii, Van Houte 155
sinuatum, Gaud. . 145
spectabile, Blume . 287
spinulosum, Sw..... 158
Sprengeli:, Kaulf. .. 155
squamatum, Willd. 166
Squarrosum, Don ,.. ve 151
strigosum, Willd................ 155
submarginale, Hort. Berol. 155
subquinquefidum, Beauy. .., 154
subtriphyllam, Hook. 145
LONUEG, BW cericececsesens 160
terminans, Wall. 139
Thelypteris, Sw. ...... 153
Thelypteroides, Sw. 153
trapezoides, Sw..... 149
trapezoides, Schk. ° 164
triangulum, Sw..... 149
trifoliatum, Sw. .... 145
truncatulum, Sw. . 166
truncatum, Gaud. 140
tuberosum, Bory .... 164
uliginosum, Kunze, 170
umbrosum, Sw. ..., 220
undulatum, Sw. .... 164
unitum, Schk. ..., 139
variolosum, Wall. . 145
varium, SW. eee 157
velutinum, A. Rich. 153
venustum, Hew. 140
vestitum, Sw. ....... 151
villosuin, Sw. ....... 157
violascens, Link. 140
Wallichii, Hook. 74
Asplenium, Linn. ...... 209
acuminatum, Wall. 223
acutum, Bory .......... 217
adiantoides, Hook. . vee 215
adiantoides, Raoul ........ ... 215

Adiantum-nigrum, Lindl. &
MOOre sits crasstanevancenwmnns 217

: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Asplenium— ie
Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. page ts
alatum, Humb. vocccccesccsees

alternans, Wall. ; 311
alternifolium, Metten, +. 222
alternifolium, Wulf. .. , 218
ambiguum, Sw. wo. , 227
anceps, Soland .......eeeecees 211
appendiculatum, Labill. 215
arborescens, Metten. .. 223
Athyrium, Spreng. 220
attenuatum, R. Br. 217
auritum, Kunze ...... 217
auritum, Sw. ........... 217
Australasicum, Hook. ...... 226
axillare, Webb -.....0
Belangeri, Kunze

bifidum, Presl ......

bipartitum, Link
bissectum, Hort. ...

brachypteron, Kunze 214
Brasiliense, Hort. ... 210
Brasiliense, Radd. 212
Brasiliense, Sw. . 226
Breynii, Retz .... . 218
Brownii, J. Sm. ... « 221

bulbiferum, Forst.
Canariense, Willd. ...
caudatum, Forst.
Ceterach, Linn. ......
Ceylonense, Klot.
cicutarium, Sw. ......
cicutarium, J. Sm,
cirrhatum, Rich.
Cotensot, Hook. fil... a
compressum, Sw. ... . 212
comptum, Moore and Houlst. 216
consinvle, Remy, in Gay .., 214
‘contiguum, Kawlf. v.00... 219
LOStaLE, BWiscasiansisimerncannrs
crenulatum, Presl
cultrifolium, Hort.
cuneatum, Sloan
cuneatum, Hook. et Grey. 219
cyrtopteron, Kunze............ 216
Dathousic, Hook. ...
decurtatum, Link ...
decussatum, Wall. .
decussatum, Sw.....
dentatum, Linn.. aaa
dentaw, LOW ......serees deinny OLS

INDEX. 887
Asplenium— Asplenium—

denticulatum, J. Sm. page 220 lamwm, BR. Br. wesccoseee, page 215
difforme, R. Bre... ..ccecececes 214 lineatum, Sw. ....cccccceccreces 214
dimidiatum, Sw... «. 219] longissimum, Blume ......... 217
dimidiatum, Lowe .. . 212 lucidum, Forst. ..... ae 218
dimorphum, Kunze.. 215 lucidawm, Schlecht. . ay 21S
dispersum, Kunze .. sos DLT macilentum, Runse ssipvawa 2LT
dissectum, Link ..... w. 216 macrocarpum, Blume we. 220
divaricatum, Kunze ......... 216 macrophyllum, J. Sm. ...... 217
diversifolium, A. Cunn. ...... 215 Maderense, Penny ............ 219
ebeneum, Ait. ........cceceee eee 212 marginatum, Linn... w+ 228
eburneum, Je Biles siccsdieness. ED marinum, Linn. . aie 213
elongatum, Sw. ....... w. 218 melanocaulon, Willd. 7 wae EL
emarginatum, Beawy, we 214 Mexicanum, Mart. et dal. . o 27
erectum, Bory ..... wee 2Le Michauxii, Sprenj. ....... .. 220
erectum, Hook. .. . 212 monanthemum, Linn. ve 212
erosum, Linn. ieccececeeeees 219 nine Presl......... 216
Fabianum, Hombr. et Jacg. 215 Nidus, Radd. .. 210
falcatum, Lam. ......cccecceee 218 Nidus, R. Br. . ~+ 226
Filix-foemina, Bernh. .. . 219 Nidus, Linn. ....., wee 226
Filiz-femina, Moore .. aa 289 nigripes, Metten. a 290
firmum, Kunze ........ ys BLS nitens, Sw. ... a» 217
flabellifolium, Cav. .. 216] ‘nitidum, Sw. . . 219
flabellulatum, Hort. .. 216 nodosum, Linn. .. 269
flaccidum, Forst. .. 214 obliquum, Forst.... .. 214
fecundum, Kunze ..... « 212 obtusatum, Forst. .. . 214
feniculaceum, Hort. ......... 215 obtusifolium, Linn. « 212
feniculaceum, J. Sm. ve Le obtusilobum, Sw. .. « 216
fontanum, Bernh. ..... . 215 Odontites, R. Br... . 214
formosum, Willd. .. . 212 odoratum, Moore . 212
fragrans, Hook. ... we 212 oligophyllum, one) .. 214
fragrans, Sw. ...... a 217 Otites, Link ...... .. 213
Franconis, Metten. . 223 paleaceum, R. Br. . 218
forcatum, Thumb. ...scccsceus 219 palmatum, Lam. . 211
gemmiferum, Schrad. ...... 218 Petrarchx, D. C. .. 212
' Germanicum, Weis ......... 218 phyllitidis, Don ..... ~ 226
Halleri, Spreng. ........ . 215 pinnatifidum, Nutt. » 216
hastatum, Klot. ... , 212 planicaule, Lowe ..... . 217

Hemionitis, Linn. « BIL

heterodon, Blume

Hookerianium, Colenso . 215
ineequale, Kunze .....se00eee 214
juglandifolium, Lam. «. 222
Karstenianum, Klot. ......... 216

.. 290
oy 222
+ 213
sa 21D)
+ 217
« 209
. 219

Kaulfussii, Schlecht. ....
Klotzschii, Metten.
letum, Hort.
laceratum, Desv. .
lanceolatum, Huds.
lanceum, Thunb.
laserpitiifoliam, Lam.

213 |

aa 221
+ 214
« 218
« 222

plantaginewm, Linn. ..
plumosum, Bory ..
polyodon, Forst. ........
polypodioides, Metten. .

polypodioides, Sw. ..... we 1212
premorsum, Lowe .. . 219
premorsum, Sw. « 219
productum, Presl « 218
productum, Lowe .. . 217
proliferwm, Lam. ae 227
prolongatum, Hook. . 214
protensum, Kaulf. ...... 299

pubescens, Moore and Houlet. 221

2c2

388

Asplenium
pulchellum, Hort. ...... page 213
pulchellum, Radd. ... . 213
pumilum, Sw. ........
rachirhizon, Radd.
radiatum, Sw.
radicans, Prit. q
rvadicans, SW. .....ececeees
reclinatum, Moore
Holst. cssisessaniceinnces
refractum, Moore
rhizophorum, J inn.
rhizophullum, Linn.
Richardi, Hook. fil.
rutefolium, Presl
Ruta-muraria, Linn.
salicifolium, Linn....
scandens, Hort. ........

ve 218
.. 216
anae LED
.. 212
. 216

Scolopendrium, Linn. ...... 224
Seelosii, Leibold............... 218
septentrionale, Hoffin. ...... 218
Serra, Lang. et Fisch. ...... 217
serratam, TAN, jccccecsexrcee: 209

setulosum, Hort.
Shepherdi, Hort.
sinuatum, Beauv. ...
squamulatum, Hook. ..
stipitatum, J. Sm. ..

striatum, Lint. ............068 222
strigillosum, Lowe............. 229
subalatum, Hook. et Arn. 212
subsinuatum, Hook. et
Gravy -cjnziesiieasacscamuninnace 209
tenellum, Roxb. ... 212
tenerum, Forsts. 0. ccesccxcrwes 290
thelypteroides, Michx. ...... 223
Thwaitesti, A. Br. ........... 223
Trichomanes, Linn. it EM
umbrosum, J. Sm. ............ 220 |,
Veitchianum, Moore ... ..... 214
viride, Huds. .......... w 215
viviparum, Prest .... we. 215
Zamiefolium, Lodd. ......... 219
Zeylanicum, Hook. 222
Athyrium.
australe, Presl ..c.ce.e cease 22),

Ceyionense, Moore ..
conchatum, Fée .......
Filiz-femina, Roth. .
foliolosum, Moore ....
oryphyllum, Moore

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Athyrium—
tenuifrons, Moore

Balantium, Kaulf. ....
antarcticum, Presl.
arborescens, Hook. ...

sess 287
wesw 239
. 239

auricomum, Kaulf. 239

Culcita, Kaulf. ...... 238

Sellowiana, Presl ............ 239
Bathmivm.

Billardieri, Féa ..........ccee 145

ebeneum, Fée .........
macrophyllum, Link
repandum, Fée
trifohatum, Link
Blechnum, Linn. ........
angustifolium, Willd.
attenuatum, Metten.
australe, Linn.
boreale, Sw. ww... eee
Boryana, Schlecht.
Brasiliense, Desv.
callophylum, Lang.
Bis @hs: sans. ss.geteseeuwteaunds
campylotis, J. Sm.
Capense, Schlecht.
cartilagineum, Sw.
cognatum, Presl........
conjugatum, Klot.
Corcsvadense, Radd. .
fraxineum, Jilld. .....
glandul.sum, Kunze .
glandulosam, Liak
gracile, Kaulf.
hastatum, Kaulf.
intermedium, Link .........
Japonicum, Linn. ....
levigatum, Cav.
Janceola, Sw. ..........
lanceolatum, Radd. ....
latifoliwm, Presl.......
latifolium, Moritz ....
longifolium, H. B. K.
occidentale, Linn.
onocleoides, Sw. ......-
orientale, Linn. ......c.
polypodioides, Radd.
procerum, Labill.

punctulatum, Sw. .... . 202
radicans, Linn. wee 205
scandens, Bory. weceecccesesese 20D

INDEX. 3889

Blechnhum—

“ serrulatum, Rich. ...... page 198
Spicant, Sm. ec 201
stagninum, Radd. ....... .. 198
stramineum, Labill. 198
striatum, R. Br. 198

triangulare, Link ..... .. 197

triangulatum, J. Sm. 197
trifoliatum, Kaulf...... 196
Virginicum, Linn. .. . 205
volubile, Kaulf. ..... . 205
Botrychium, Sw. ..... se 2S
dissectum, Spreng. 274
Lunaria, Sw. ........ 274
lunarioides, Sw. 274
lunarioides, Schk. . 274
obliquum, Muhl. 274,
rutaceum, Sw. ... 274
simplex, Hitch. ... .. 274
Viryinianum, Sw. ..... . 274
Virginicum, Willd. ......... 274
Butryogramma.
Karwinskii, Fée...... cece 128
Botrypus.
lunariotdes, Michx. ......... 274
Bowringia.

insignis, Hook.
Brainea, J. Sm.
insignis, J. Sm.

_ Cenopteris.
appendiculata, Labill. ...... 215
Fabiana, Bory ........
flaccida, Thunb. ...
muriophylla, Sw.
Nove-Zelandie, Spreng. ... 214
Odontites, Thunb. ............ 214
vivipara, Sw........ :

Callipteris, Bory ...
esculenta, J. Sm. ..
Malubarica, J. Sm. os
prolifora, Bory ..... .. 227

Serampurense, Fée ve OY

sylvaticn, BOry v.ccccceeseeee 223
Caumpteria.

brawwrita, HOOK, ...cecseeecsees 194
Camptosorus.

rhizophyllus, Link............ 226

Campyloneurum, Presl a
angustifolium, Fée.. me
angustifoliwm, Moore......... 101

Campyloneurum—
brevifolium, Link ...... page 102
cespitosum, Link ............ jul
decurrens, Presl..... we LOZ
ensifolium, J. Sm. .. 101

fasciale, Presl........ ; ; . lel

latum, Moore ... 102

lucidum, Moore .. 101

nitidum, Prest..... w 102

Phyllitidis, Presl.. 162

repens, Presl ...... . 101

rigidum, J. 8m. ...... aie seca 101
Cardiochlena.

macrophylla, Fee ....cesceues 145
Cassebeera.

farinosa, J. Sm. .......c0c0008. 176
Ceratodactylis.

Osmundioides, J. Sm.......... 128
Ceratopteris, Brongn. ... 183, 322

Parkeri, J. Sm. ccc 134

thalictroides, Brongn. ...184, 326
Ceterach, Willd. ..s.i.ccceeeees
aspidioides, Willd.
officinarum, Willd. is
polypodinides, Radd. .........

Cheilanthes, Sw. ........ 174, 321
Alabamensis, Kunze... . 176
amaurorachis, Kunze... 171
arborescens, Sw...... we LIL
argentea, Kunze .......ccee 176

Borsigiana, Reichenb. ...... 173
bruchypus, Kunze ..
Brasiliensis, Radd. ‘
Capensis, Sw. ..... . 176
cuneata, Link ..
dealbata, Don .
elegans, Desv..
Ellisiana, Hort. ae
farinosa, Kaulf. ...
fragrans, Sw. ......
frigida, Linden ,..
glauca, Metten. ... r
Rirta, SW. sessecscaneves . 174
intramarginalis, Hook. ...... 180
lendigera, Lowe ........ . 174
lendigera, Sw. i a Lid
Maderensis, Lowe .. . 175
micromeria, Link . . 16
microphylla, Sw. .. . 176
micropteris, Sw...

. 176
. 175
. 174
. 180

1175
Mmultifida, Si. secscoseoeseree 176

390

Cheilanthes—

myriophylla, Desv. ... page 174
OdOrd, SW. ceescccsecneeaseeees 175

pedata, A. Br. ..... . 177
Preissiana, Kunze .. . 176
profusa, Kunze ..... 180
pteroides, Sw. ..... 176
pulveracea, Prest 176
radiata, J. Sm. .. 177
rufescens, Link . 180
Sieberi, Kunse ..... 176
spectabilis, Kaulf. .. 176
spinulosa, Link .. 193
suaveolens, Sw. .. 175

tenuifolia, Sw. 176
tenuis, Hort. .. 174
tomentosa, Link .. vee 174
vestita, Swe wc. ‘ ww. 174
viscosa, Link ...ssccceceeeseee 175
Chnoophora.
glauca, BlOMO....secesereverses 240
Chrysodium.
aurewm, FEO issssoseceseeeeere 120
Chrystopteris..
84

dictyocallis, FEO ....sscceseasee
longipes, Link Be
peltidea, Link
terminalis, Link

Cibotinm, Kaulf.
Barometz, J. Sm.
Billardieri, Kaulf. ....cccesee

Cummingii, Kunze ... 240
\glauwcescens, Kunze ... 240
Menziesii,, Hook. .... . 240
princeps, J. Sm. ....... 291
princeps, Linden. 291
regale, Linden .... 291
' Schiedei, Schlecht. . 240

Cincinalis, Desv. ...... 2.0608
flavens, Desv. ....
Hookeri, J. Sm. .
nivea, Desv. ..
pulchella, J. Sm.
tenera, Fée.......

Cionodium.

Mooret, MOOT... ssecesseneeoees

Cnemidaria.
horrida, Ee casei .
speciosa, Presl.

Colysis, Presl ..........45 .
hemionitided, Presl siscoveee

| Cyclodium, Prest ...

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Colysis—
membranacea, J. Sm.
Spectra, J. Sm. ....

Coniogramma, Fée. .
PAVADICH, FEC inissscevcavenves

Craspedaria.
rupestris, Link .....cccesee ee
Cryptogramma, R. Br. .
crispa, R. Br. 0...
Culcita,
macrocarpd, Presl ........08
Cuspidaria.
furcata, FEe........ccseceuees woe Oh
Cyathea, Sm. . 241
aculeata, Willd. . eer 242
arborea, Sim. .... 241, 331
arborea, Hook. .... wee 242
Beyrichiana, Presl... 244
canaliculata, Willd. 242
capensis, SM. ...cccsceee 244
Cunninghamii, Hook. ...... 242
dealbata, Sw. wi. 242, 331
dentata, Sm. .... . 160
Dregei, Kunze. 242
elegans, Hew..... 241
excelsa, Sw. 242
fragilis, Sm. ...... 160
grandifolia, Willd. ... 243,
Grevilleana, Mart. ..... 241

Hookeri, Thw. ...... 242
horrida, Sm. .... 243
incisa, Sm. .....65 161
integra, J. Sm. ... 242
Manniana, Hook. ........0065 242
medullaris, Sw. ..... 242, 331
muricata, Wilds. wivossveerwe 242

nigrescens, J. Sm.

princeps, J. Sm. . . 291
Serra, Willd. ..ccscceccceeees ve 242
sinuata, Hook. et Grev. ... 241
Smithii, Hook. w...ceseeee tees 242
speciosa, Humb. ... wees 243

villosa, H. B. K. ...
confertum, Presh..........cs00
Cyclopeltis, J. Sm.

semicordata, J. Sm. s+ . 165
Cyclophorus.

Lingua, Desv....ccccccsoreresee LEO
Cyrtomium, Prest ....... sevseeee 141

caryotideum, Presl.....u. 14d

Cystopteris, Bernh.
alpina, Desv. ...
atomaria, Presl ..
bulbifera, Bernh.
dentata, Hook.
Dickieana, Sim. ...
fragilis, Bernh. .

montana, Bernh. 161
regia, Prest......... « 161
tenuis, Schott. viscccsceceees 160

Danza, Sm.....
alata, Bite esas
nodosa, Sm.

Darea.
Belangeri, Bory ...cccsecees
bifida, Kaulf. .... i
cicutaria, Sm..
inequalis, Willd.
rutefolia, Sm......

Davallia, Sm. ...,
aculeata, Sm. .
affinis, Hook. ....
bidentata, Schk..
bullata, Wall.......
Canariensis, Sm. ...
cherophylla, Wall....

Cumingti, Hook.

decora, Moore......
dissecta, J. Sm. ..
divaricata, Blume
elata, Sw.

elegans, Sw. ...
flaccida, R. Br. ...
heterophylla, Hook. e

ammersa, Wall, 77
Khasyana, Hook. .. 233
Kunzeana, Hort. .. 76
Lindleyi, Hook. ..... 76
Lonchitidea, Wall. ... 233
majuscula, Lowe ... 233
nitidula, Kunze viccceccesseees 76
Nove-Zelandie, Colenso 233

INDEX. 391
“Cyrtomium— - | Davallia—
faleatum, Pres ........ page las ornata, Wall. ........5
Fortunei, J. Sm... - porvula, Wall..
-juglandifolium, Moore ...... 143 © pedata, SM... cree
Cystea. ‘ pentaphvlla, Blume
POE BONS sacrsssntiannwesscey 161 platyphylla, Don........

polyantia, Hook.
polypodioides, Don...
pulchra, Don ......
pyxidata, Cav. ....
rhomboidea, Wall. ..
saccoloma, Spreng.
scabra, Don. .
solida, Sw. ....
solida, Hook. .
strigosa, Sw. ...
tenuifolia, Sw. ........

trichosticha, Hook.

triphylla, Hook. ...... . 76
villosa, Wall. ... . 233
Vogelii, Hook...... wisuddee exes . 76
Dennstedtia.
adiantoides, Moore ........+008 236
anthriscifolia, Moore .. 237
.cicutaria, Moore........ 237
davallioides, Moore 237
dissecta, Moore ...... 237
Mulwecana, Moore 237
nitidula, Moore ... 237
Pavoni, Moore ...... 237
punctilobula, Moore 236
rubiginosa, Moore .. 237
tenera, Moore ........ 237
Deparia, Hook. et Grer. .. 235
Macrei, Hook. et Grev....... 236°
Mase, Owe... ciccoer vex cevees 148
prolifera, Hook. et Grev. ... 236
Dicksonia, L’ Hérit.......... 238, 332
adiantoides, Humb, ......... 236
antarctica, Labill. ...... 289, 330
anthriscifolia, Kaulf. ......... 237
arborescens, DL’ Hérit..., 239, 331
awricoma, Spreng. vo... 239
cicutaria, Sw....... 237
Culcita, L’ Hérit...... 238
davallioides, R. Br. 237
dissecta, Sw. 237
integra, Sw. 239
lanata, Colewso ... 239
Moluccoma, Blume 237

nitidula, Kunze ...... oe 237

392

Dicksonia—
Pavoni, Hook. ... .. page 237
pilosiuscula, Willd............. 236
prolifera, Kanlf. ... 236
pubescens, Schk. ... 236
punctiloba, Hook. 236
rubiginosa, Kaulf. .. 237
Sellowiana, Hook. ............ 239
squarrosa, Sw...... 239, 331
Youngii, Moore ........6.e0ee 291
I%iclisodon.
deparioides, Moore ............

Dicranoglossum, J. Sm...
farcatum, J. Sm.
Dictymia, J. Sm. .....

attenuata, J. Sm,
Dictyoglossum.

Dictyogramma, Fée ..
japonica, Fée ........

Dictyopteris, Presl :
attenuata, Pres] ............005
Cameroonianum, J. Sm.
irregularis, Presl
macrodonta, Presl ..

varians, Moore ........ 285
Dictyoxiphium, Hook. .. 133

Panamense, Hook. ..... 133
Didymochlena, Desv. 165

lunulata, Desv. ........ 166

sinuosa, Desv......... . 166

truncatuld, Js SM. .ccsseievsee 166
Digrammaria.

ambigua, Presl .......cseeeee 227

esculenta, Fée ...
Diplazium, Sw. ........
acuminatum, Presl ..
acuminatum, Radd. ..
alternifolium, Blume ..
ambiguum, J. Sm. ..
arborescens, J. Sm.
brevisorum, J. Sm...
coarctatum, Link. ..
conchatum, J. Sm.
costale, Presl ......
decussatum, J. Sm.
dilatatum, Blume .....
diversifolium, Vall.
esculentum, Sw. .....
expansum, Willd.
Sabefolium, J. Sm....

FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Diplazium— i
Franconis, Lieb. we... ake 223

gigantewm, Hort. Lind. .. . 228
grandifolium, Sw. ..... +. 222
integrifolium, J. Sm. ......... 222
juglandifoium, Sw. «8

Klotzschii, Moore .. , 299

lanceum, Presl a‘ 209
lasiopteris, Kunze ..... ~ 2234
Malabaricum, Spreng. ...... 227

marginatum, Hort............. 222

plantagineum, Sw... oe 221
polypodioides, Blume......... 222
proliferum, Kaulf. ..... as 227
pubescens, Link...... .. 227
pulcherrimum, Radd. .. . 166

.. 227
». 222
» 222
». 222
+ 222
.. 223
+ 223
. 223

Serampwrense, Spreng. .
Shepherdi, Link
Shepherdi, Presl
striatum, Presl .....
subalatum, Hew.
sylvaticum, Sw.........
thelypteroides, Presl ..
Thwaitesii, A. Br...

Zeylanicum, Moore....... ares 222
Discostegia.

alata, Presl oo... mene 266
Disphenia. :

aculeata, Pres] sissccseseseees 242

arborea, Presl 241

Grevilleana, Kunze.. 241
Doodia, R. Br. ..... 199

aspera, R. Br.......... 199

blechnoides, A. Cunn. . 199

caudata, Hort.
caudata, R. Br.
dives, Kunze ...
linearis, J. Si.
lunulata, R. Br. ...
maxima, Lowe
rupestris, Kaulf....
Doryopteris, J. Sm.
collina, J. Sm.

palmata, J. Sm. ... 195
pedata, J. Sm. ... 195
sagittifolia, J. Sm..... 195
Drymoglossum, Presl .. 89
lanceolatum, J. Sm. . 90
piloselioides, Prest 89

Drynaria, Bory
coronans, J. Sm.

INDEX, 393

Drynaria— Fadyenia —
“diversifolia, J. Sm....... 103 | prolifera, Hook. ......... page 143
Fortunei, Moore ..... 87 | Béea, Bory ....cccecsccesesssseeees 255
glauca, J.8m. ...., «+ 94] nana, Bory .. 256
Heraclea, J. Sim. «. 103 | — polypodina, Bory” 256
Hilti, Hort. cece ceesseaee 103 spicata, Presl..... 256
melanococca, Moore and ’
aH OuIstS yeecmcnpeuelnaie 94| Gleichenia, R. Br. ......... 247, 326
morbillosa, J. Sm. .. «. 108 alpina, BR. Bre w.cccsceceesescoes 248
muszefolia, J. Sm. .. .. 108 eryptocarpa, Hook... w. 249
pinnata, Fée ........ . 103 Cunninghami, Hew. 249
propinqua, J. Sn. .. 103] dicarpa, R. Br. ... 248
quercifolia, Bory... . 103 dichotoma, Hook. 249
revoluta, J. Sm. ... 88 flabellata, R. Br... .. 248
rubida, J. Sm. . 94 furcata, Spreng. ..........c00e 249

Dryomenis, Fée ....7. .. 184 hecistophylla, A. Cunn. ... 248
plantaginea, J. Sm. ......... 135 Hermannt, R. Br. ..... . 249

"243

Hermanni, Hook. .. P
. 249

immersa, Spreng. .....

Egenolfia, Schott. o.......c..065 111 microphylla, R. Br. .. 248
appendiculata, J. Sm. . Lit pectinata, Presl..... .. 249
Hamiltoniana, Schott. ...... 111 pubescens, Kunth . 249

Elaphoglossum, Schott. ...104, 317] rupestris, R. Bro... 248
apodum, Schott. .......... .. 106 semivestita, Labill. ......... 248
Blumeanum, J. Sm. .. . 166 speluncas, R. Bre... 248

Goniophlebium, Prest ...... 80, 315
albo-punctatum, J. Sm........ 81

brachyneuron, J. Sm...
calleefolium, J. Sm.

conforme, Schott. ..... appendiculatum, Moore... 81
crassinerve, J. Sm. argutum, J. Sm.. 82
cuspidatum, J. Sm. wo... Catharine, J. Sin. 81
Funckii, Moore ..... a chnoodes, Fée ...... 81
Herminieri, J. Sm. ciliatum, J. Sm.... 83
latifolium, J. Sm. ... colpodes; J. Sm.... 81
longifolium, J. Sm. euspidatum, Pres] 82
microlepis, J. Sm. dissimile, J. Sm. 81
muscosum, J. Sm... distans, J. Sm. ..... 81
piloselloides, J. Sm. .. 45 fraxinifolium, J. Sm. 81
rubiginosum, J. Sm. ......... 106| = glaucum, J. Sm...... 81
scolopendrifolium, J. Sm.... 106 harpeodes, J. Sm. .. 81
Sieberi, J. Sm. ....ce eee ineequale, J. Sm. » 82
squamosum, J. Sm. .. Teetum, J. Si... ieee ees 81
stigmatolepis, J. Sm... latipes, Moore and Houlst. 81
undulatum, J. Sm.... sal al lorigoum, J. Bites ces cawewe 61
vestitum, Lowe .....:ccseeeees menisciifolium, J. Sm. » §1
Ellobocarpus. neriifolium, J. Sm...... =82
oleraceus, Kaulf, Owariense, Lodd. .. 86
Eupodium, J. Sm. ..... as piloselloides, J. Sm. . 84
Kaulfussii, J. Sit. .....ecceeee 267 plectolepis, Fée ..... a SL
Pleopeltis, Fée ... 82

rhagadiolepis, Fée 80

Fadyenia, Hovks.....ssecsseseeere 148 serpens, Moore ..., 85

394.

Goniophlebium—
subauriculatum, Presl...page 82
vacillans, J. Sm...c.ccceeceeee » BI
vacciniifolium, J.Sm. ...... 85
verrucosum, J. Sm. . 83

Goniopteris, Presl ..... 137
asplenoides, Presl .. 138
crenata, Presl ..... . 138
Fosterii, Moore ..... . 138
Sravinifolia, Presl .... 138
Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm. . 138
gracilis, Moore ..... 137
megalodus, Presl ., . 138
_pennigera, J. Sm. .. se 138
prolifera, Presl ..... . 138
refracta, J. Sm. .... 140
reptans, Presl ..... 137

scolopendrioides, Presb .

serrulata, J. Sin... 138
subpinnata, Hort. siheasagdise LOU
tetragona, Presl .... 138

vivipara, J. Sm. ..
Grammitis, Sw. .....

aurita, Moore ..... . 170
Australis, R. Br..... « 122
Billardierii, Willd... 1. 122
caudifornvis, Hook... . 97
Ceterach, Sw. ..cccce 229
decurrens, Wall. ....... 97
elongata, Sw. es... * 87
Hewardii, Moore .....60064. 124

Hispamica, Coss.

lanceolata, Schkr. 87
leptophylla, Sw. .. 126
Linkiana, Presl...... ‘ 124
* longifolia, Blume .... 88
marginella, Sw. ...... 122
gutefolia, R. Br. 126
serrulata, Sw. .. 123

totta, Presl........
Gymnogramma, Desv.
aspidioides, Kanlf.,
asplenioides, Sw. .
aurita, Hook. .

Calomelanos, Kaif. . 12

caudiformis, Hook..... . 97
cherophylla, Desv.. 126
chrysophylla, Kaulf. . 126
decurrens, Hook........ 97
ferruginea, Kunze . .. 126
Slavens, Kaulf....scccssccssees 178

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Gymnogramma—
flexuosa, Desv. ...... page 28A, Ep
gracilis, Hew......ccsreseeieee

Japonica, Hook..... is
Javanica, Blume . Ley
lanata, Klot. » 126
leptophylla, Desv. ... « 126
L’ Herminieri, Bory . 126
Tinkiana, Kunze ...... 124
Lowei, Hook. et Grev. 124
Martensii, Bory ......... 126
ochracea, Presl . » 126
Pearcii, Moore. 126
pedata, Kaulf..... 129

polypodioides, Spreng.
pulchella, Linden ......

Raddiana, Link.............0
retrofracta, Hook. et Grev. 284
rufa, Desv. ....... . 125
rupestris, Kunze...... , 124
rutzefolia, Hook. et Grev. 126

subglandulosa, Hook. et
Greve sisscsks Gusapcintese: 126
sulphurea, Desv.. w. 126
Tartarea, Desv. .... 125
tomentosa, Desv. . 125
totta, Schlecht ......... 124
trifoliata, Desv. .i...eccseeeaes 125
villosa, Link ...... . 125
Gymnopteris, Bernh.... 118
acuminata, Presl 118
aliena, Presl ...scccccceeseeee . 118
axillaris, Presl . 93
decurrens, J. Sm. .. 93
Gaboonense, J. Sm. 118

nicotiancefolia, Prest ....../
spicata, Presl ........ssceeseees
quercifolia, Bernh.
Gymnotheca.
cicutefolia, Presl ...
LAGE, Pres] sccvessavaiwssianmaise
Verschafeltiana, De Vriese 267

Haplopteris, Prest ....c0..c0000 181
lineata, J. Sm....... .. 182
scolopendrina, Presl ......... 182

Hemicardium,

Nephrolepis, Fée........... vee 165

Hemidictyum, Prest .......00. 228

Hemidictyam—
marginatum, Presl......
Helminthostachys, Kaui.
dulcis, Kaulf. .
Zeylanica, Hook.
Hemionitis, Linn. .
Cayennensis, Desv.
citrifolia, Hook. ...
cordifolia, Rowb. .
discolor, Schk
esculenta, Retz. ...
Japonica, Thunb. ...
lanceolata, Linn.
palmata, Linn.
pedata, Sw..........
plantaginea, Don.
pothifolia, Desv....
reticulata, Forst. ...
UFO, SW sseaisisrsmiizas
sagittata, Fée..........
tomentosa, Radd.
Hemitelia, R. Br. we
capensis, R. Br. ...
grandifolia, Spreng.
Guianensis, Hook. .
horrida, R. Br......
Hostmanni, Hook.
Imrayana, Hook...
integrifolia, Klot.-...
Karsteniana, Klot.
obtusa, Kaulfi.cccccceces
speciosa, Kaulf. ..
speciosa, Mart. ....ccsecesaeee
Surinamensis, Miqnel.. poemanee
Heteroneuron.
punctulatum, PEO vesccsseeee
proliferum, Fée
Humata, Cav.....
afinis, Metten.
cherophylla, Metten.
Cumingii, J. Sm. .....
heterophylla, J. Sm. ..
immersa, Metten. ....
ophioglossa, Cav.
pedata, J. Sm....... a
pinnatifida, Cav.
Hydroglossum.
heterodoxwm, Moore seeseeers
polycarpum, Willd. .
Hymenodium, Fée...
crinitum, Fee vsssscscecssseeees

a

». 278
.. 273
.. 128
« 180
.. 109
. 129

INDEX. 895
Hymenolepis, Kaui. ...... page a

228 brachystachys, J. Sime veseee
. 272 ophioglossoides, Kaulf. re

revoluta, Blume ....ccceeee 92
spicata, Hook..... 92
spicata, Presl...... 92
Hymenophyllum, Sm. 1249, 324,
abruptum, Hook....... . 250
zruginosum, Carm. «. 252
alatum, Schk......... . 253
alatum, Sm... ». 253
asplenioides, Sw. we. 249
caudiculatum, Mart. ww. 251
Chiloense, Hoot. ... . 251
ciliatum, Sw. ......... . 251
crispatum, Wall. «. 250
cupressiforme, Labill. « 251
demissum, Sw. ...... we 250
dichotomum, Cav. .. . 251
dilatum, Sw. ...... « 251
elegans, Spreng. ... . 252
flabellatum, Labill... .. 250
flexuosum, A. Cunn. . 251
fauciforme, Sw. ...... . 251
fucoides, Sw. ... » 261
hirsutum, Sw.. 261
hirtellum, Sw.. « 251
lineare, Sw..... 1 252
multifidum, Sw..... . 251
nitens, Hook. et Grev. wien 250
polyanthus, Sw. . srseae 260
pulcherrimum, Colenso ...... 251
rarum, R. Bre ...seseeeee . 250
scabrum, A. Riche siccecsenves 250
semibivalve, Hook. et Grev. 250
Sericeum, Sw....cscccreeseeees 252
trifidum, Hook. et Grev. ... 252
Tunbridgense, Sm, . 251
‘ unilaterale, Willd. ... . 251
valvatum, Hook. et Grev. a, BOE
Wilsoni, Hook. .......... » 25L
Hymenostachys, ae . 256
elegans, Presl ....cecesessesesee 2OT
Hypochlamys.
pectinata, Fée ... 222
Hypoderris, R. Br. 147
Brownii, J. Sm... . 147
Hypolepis, Bernh. ..... . 171
amaurorachis, Hook. wax RA
capensis, Hook. .... we 176
distans, Hook...icccccscecerees L7L

uv

995

Hypolepis—

pedata, Hook. ..
repens, Presl ....
vadiata, Hook.

spectobilis, Link.... 176
tenuifolia, Bernh. cece 171
Tsoetis, Linn. .... 282

Isplomay J Site ceveries

Kaulfussia, Blume

lacustris, Linn.

lanuginosa, J. Sir. .......eeees

zesculifolia, Blume

Lastrea, Presl ....ccecccsesee ees 152
acuminata, Moore and
FAGBIGES siccrhacnssseieniinns 159

semula, J. Sm..
afinis, Moore ......
at-ovirens, J. Sm.
augescens, J. Sm.
cana, J. Sm.
Caripense, J. Sm. ...
chrysoloba, Prest
collina, Newmn....
concava, Newmn,
concinna, J. Sm.......
contermina, Prestl
erinita, Moore
cristata, Presl
cristata, Moore
decomposita, J. Sm. ie
decurrens, J. Sm. oo... eee
decursivo-pinnata, J. Sm.... 154

Geltoidea, Dfoore.........ccceee 155
deparioides, J. Sm. ......... 159
-dilatata, Presl scsiesseesaes 157

eburnea, Hort. Kew.
elegans, Moore
elongata, Presl
erythrosora, J. Sin.
falciculata, Presl

fole, Moore - ......
Filix-mas, Presl....
Fenisecii, Watson

fanestay MOH cx ios savcanravxas 1514
glabella, J. Sm. 159
Goldiana, Presl ....cceeeee 157

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Lastrea—
hirta, Presl eseseseceee pege 159
hirtipes, J. Sm. wc 156

hispida, Moore and Houlst. 159
Immiersa, Ji Sitecsiscccrssues

intermedia, Presl 158
invisa, Presl ......6. 153
Kaulfussii, Prest 155
lacera, J. Sm....... 156

latifrons, J. Sm. ...
marginalis, Prest .....
membranifolia, Presl
Mexicana, Leib. ........
montana, Moore... bs
Napoleonis, J. Sim.......c..e
Noveboracensis, Presl
opaca, Hook. ........006
Oreopteris, Pres]
palustris, J. Sm.........
patens, Prest
pilosissima, J. Sm.
podophylla, J. Sm....
Pseudo-mas, Wollast.
pubescens, Presl ..........66
quinquangularis, J. Sm. ...
recedens, SJ. Situs .iicresscees
recurva, Newmn.
remota, Moore...
rigida, Prest

sancta, J. Sm.......
semicordata, Presl
Shepherdi, J. Sm.

similis, J. Sm....... 155
sparsa, Moore ......6606 287
spectabilis, J. Sm...... 287
spinulosa, Presl ..... .. 158
Sprengelii, J. Sm. .....0... 155
Standishti, Hort. 287
strigosa, Presl. ......ccceeee 155
subquinquifidum, J. Sm. ... 154
Thelypteris, Presl ....... 153
uliginosa, Newinn... 158
varia, Moore ...... 157
velutina, J. Sm. ... 153
verrucosa, J. Sm. . 154
vestita, J. Sm. cessceecesennes 155
villosa, Prest 157, 330
Lepicystis, J. Sm. . 79
« inane, I. 8 itaevcwss . 80
rhagadiolepis, J. Sm. .. 80
sepulta, J. Sm. wieseceseeree 80

INDEX. 897

Lepicystis— Litobrochia, Presl ......... page 192
squamata, J. Sm. .scseee 80 areolata, Moore ...ccsccecsvees 290

____.., Lepidonewron. Bria, J. BAe sesavacsret ses 194
“ Rirsutulum, Pée 2... aes 164 biaurita, J. Sm. . view 194
Leptochilus, Kauif. 92 comans, Presl .......:ccceeeeees 193
axillaris, Kaulf. ...... 93 denticulata, Presl ... 193
decurrens, Blume ... 93 elata, P60... cee 193

. 123 grandifolia, J. Sm....
124 Kunzeana, J. Sm.
124 leptophylla, Fée ...
170 macilenta, J. Sim. ...

Leptogramma, J. Sm.
asplenioides, J. Sm.
attenuata, J. Sm. ...
aurita, Hort. wu...

gracile, J. Sim. oo... 124] macroptera, J. Sin. . 193
Linkiana, J. Site... cee 124 Oprah. Site cccsesedaccene 193
polypodioides, J. Sin. .. 124 podophylla, Prest ...... 194, 330
rupestris, J. Sm......... . 124 polita, J. Sn. vce 193
totta, J. Sm. .... . 124 sagittifolia, Gard. Chren.... 195
villosa, J. Sm... specu 124 spinulifera, J. Sm. ....ccceeaes 193
Leptopteris. tripartita, J. Sm. ... . 193
Frasert, Presl ........ccceceeaes ° 265 vespertilionis, Prest .. 194
hymenophylloides, Presl ... 265 | Llavea, Lag. ........006 .. 127
128

superba, Hook. ......c..ee 265 cordifolia, Lag.
Leucostegia, Prest . . 77 |-Lomaria, Willd. ......
affinis, J. Sm...... 77 alpina, Spreng.
Borneensis, J. Sm.... U7 antarctica, Carm. ..
cherophylla, J. Sm. . 77) attenuata, Willd. ..
hirsuta, J. Sm. ...... se Australis, Link ...
immersa, Presl. 77 Australis, Lowe ...
parvula, J. Sm. 77 Banksii, Hook. fil. ..

pulchra, J. Si. wesc U7 blechnoides, Bory .. 201
Lindszea, Dry.......... weve 230, 822 Boryana, Willd. ..... 202
crenata, Klot. wv... 230 camnylotis, Kunze .. 198
Cultrata, SW. cccccccceeverees 230 Chilensis, Kaulf......... 202

.. 230 cinnamonea, Kaulf.
». 230 Colensoi, Hook. fil...
1 231 crenulata, Hort. ... a
. 230] cyeadifolia, Colla ..... . 202

dubia, Spr. ..:.
elegans, Hook..
ensifolia, Sw. .
falcata, Dry. ...

Guianensis, Dry.... .. 230 decomposita, D. Don .. 188
Javitensis, H. B. K. .. 230 densa, Kaulf. ........ 202
lanceolata, Labill. .. . 281 discolor, Willd. ... . 201
lanuginosa, Wall. .. .. 288 elongata, Blwme ...........066 201
Leprieuri, Hook. » 230 filiformis, A. Cunn,......114, 208
linearis, Sw. .....esee ee . 231 fluviatilis, Spreng. .......0006 201
Lowei, Hort. ... .. 163 Fraseri, A. Cunn. .. .. 202
microphylla, Sw. 281 fraxinea, Willd. ..... 284
obtusa, J. Sin.....ceee . 238. Germainii, Hook. 290
Panamensis, Metten... ww LBS gibba, Labill. ... 201
reniformis, Dry......... ev 200 gigantea, Kaul. ........ 202
sagittata, Dry. ... .. 280 Gilliesii, Honk. ct Grev.. 202

stricta, Dry. ....+ .. 230 hastata, Kunze ........
trapeziformis, Dry. ......... 230 lanceolata, Spreng...
trichomanocides, Dry......+ +. 231 L’Herminieri, Bory ....

398

Lomaria—
longifolia, Kaulf.
Magellanica, Desv.............
minor, Spreng.
Meyeriana, Kunze .
nigra, Col. ..........
nuda, Wélld.. ., <0.
obtusifolia, Presl ....
onocleoides, Spreng. .
Patersoni, Spreng..... eo
procera, Spreng.....csceseeeees
propinqua, A. Cunn. ...
pumila, Kaulf. ..... cecetveaicies
punctulata, Kunze...
rigida, J. Sm. .....
robusta, Carm. ....
rotundifolia, Raoul.
scandens, Wilid.....
Spicant, Desv. ..

spicata, Willd. . 92
striata, Willd. .. . 202
tenuifolia, Desv..... . 208
tuberculata, J. Sm. . +» 202
vuleanica, Blume .... was ZOL
zamioides, Gardn, ............ 202
Lomariopsis, Fée ..... 1138, 315
fraxinea, J. Sm. -...ccsceceseees 284
heteromorpha, J. Sin. 114
longifolia, J. Sm. . ve 114
sorbifolia, Fée..... sees send 24
Lomariobotrys.
Meyeriana, Féo wecsecseeveres 208

Lonchitis, Linn. ........
Gheisbeghtit, Linden..
Lindeniana, Hook.
pedata, Linn. ..
pubescens, Tit
repens, Linn. ....... es
tenuifolia, Forst. sscssccevees

Lophidium. .
elegans, Presl .....sesecseeseses

Lopholepis, J. Sm... aS
albida, J. 8m...
ciliata, J. Sm.
piloselloides, J. Sin.
vaccinifolia, J. Sm...

Lophosoria, Prest ....
affinis, Presl
pruinata, Prest ..

Lorinseria, Presl
areolata, Presl .... er

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Lotzea.
diplazioides, Klot. et Karst.
Se ee page 222
Loxsoma, BR. Bre.......e.ccecseee 234
Cunninghami, R. Br. ...... 234
Lycopodium, Linn. ...... 275, 829

alpinum, Linn. ....c.ce ae. 276
annotinum, Linn. ... 276
atroviride, Wall..... 279
Brasiliense, Hort. . 279
Brasiliense, Radd. 278
caulescens, Wall... 279
cernuum, Linn. . 277
ciliatum, Willd. ... 279
clavatum, Linn. ... 276
complanatum, Linn. ......... 277
convolutum, Walk. et Arn.... 280

dendroideum, Afichs..........
densum, Labill. ...... sak
denticulatum, Linn.
erythropus, Mart. ...
fastigiatum, R. Br...
flabellatum, Linn. ...
Helveticum, Linn....
Hookeri, Wall.
ineequalifolium,
Grev.
inundatum, Linn.
involvens, Sw. ...
levigatum, Willd.

lepidophyllum, Hook. et
GOV. sicietenttanduaccnuncntes 280
Lyalli, Hook. et Grev. ...... -280
- paradora, Hort. .........eeeees 289
Phiegmaria, Linn. anee DOE
pubescens, Wall. . . 280
selaginoides, Linn. 278
Selago, Linn. ...... 276
Serpens, DESV......cc.ccceeeeees 278
stoloniferum, Mart. et Gal.... 279
sulcatum, Desv. ....ssseseeeees 279
taxifolium, Sw. ... 277
ulicifolium, Vent. ... 277
verticillatum, Linn. . 277
Willdenovti, Desv. ...........5 279
Lygodictyon, J. Sm. ...... 258, 325
heterodoxum, J. Sm. ......... 259
Forsteri, J. Sits ....ccecceeeees “259
Lygodium, Sw...........:00. 257, 325
articulatum, A. Rich. ...... 258
Circinuatum, Sw. ............ 208

INDEX, 399
Lygodium— Metarya.
dichotomum, Sw. ...... page 258 rostrata, Presl.,,,........page 168
-flexuosum, Sw. ..... . 258 | Microbrachys.
heterodoxum, Kunze. ‘ ve 259 apiifolia, Presl ........... eee 145
Japonicum, Sw.. . 258 Microlepia, Prest ae

Lindent, Hort. sss. 289

microphyllum, R Br, wee 258
palmatum, Sw. ......... we 257
polystachyum, Wall.......,.. 258
reticulatum, Schk. .... .. 259
Scandens, Sw... sae 258
-Marattia, Sm. .. .266, 333

,

Biba, Site, nxeriinsasansdvanaaae 266
Ascensionis, J. Sm. 266
cicutzefolia, Kaulf. . 266
elegans, Endl...... 266
fraxinea, Sm. 266
Kaulfussii, J. 8 267
levis, Kaulf. ....... 267
Lauchiana, Hort. 266
lawa, Kunze ........ . 266
macrophylla, Hort............. 266
purpurascens, De Vriese ... 267
Verschaffeltana, J. Sm......, 267
Moarginaria.
angustifolia, Presl ..........6, 101
ensifolia, Presl ..... 101
piloselloides, Presl .. 85
verrucosa, Hook...... 83
Marsilea, Linn. ... 280
macropnus, Linn...... 281
quadrifolia, Linn. .. 281
‘Meniscium, Schreb. .... 186
angustifolium, Willd.. 285
dentatum, Presl 137
giganteum, Metten. 136
palustre, Radd. ..... 136
proliferum, Sw. ... 138
pubescens, Linn. 138
reticulatum, Sw. 137
simplex, Hook. ..... + 136
triphyllum, Sw. ........ einai 136
Mertensia.
dichotoma, Willd. ....cecceeee 249
flabellata, J. Sm. w.seeeeeeees 248
glaucescens, Willd. . 249
pubescens, H. B. K. 249
Mesochlena, R. Br. .. 140
JAVA Je. Dis ensianssacigcne 141

cristata, J. Sm. ....
hirsuta, Moore .,.......

Novee-Zelandiz, J. Sm... laevis 233
platyphylla, J. Sm. ......... 233
polypodioides, Presl ......... 233
scabra, J. Sm. vs... 233
strigosa, Mfoore ....... 233
trichosticha, J. Sm. . 233
Microsorum, Link. ., 98
wrregulare, Link... 98
irioides, Fée .. 98
sessile, Fée .....,...0005 98
Microstaphyla, Prest 110
bifurcata, Presl .....cccesecee 110
Microstegia.
ambigua, Presl
esculenta, Presl ,.
Mohria, Sw. ......
achillefolia ...... atk
thurifraga, SW. ve ceeceeeeee
Mongonia.
palustris, Presl ....csceseeeee 191
Myriopteris, Fée .... 173, 321
elegans, J. Sm. we 174
frigida, J. Sm... 174
hirta, J. Sm. ... 174
lendigera, Fée ..... 174
marsupianthus, Fée ......... 174
myriophylla, J. Sm. .... 174
tomentosa, Fée ..... 174
vestita, J. Sit. c.ecessesceeeee 174
Neottopteris, J. Sm. .....00.. 225
Australasica, J. Sm. ...226, 320

Nidus,. Jo Sis ccccsaaweseasnnuns Z

phyllitidis, J. Sm. .. 226
stipitata, J. Sm...... 210
Nephrodium, Schott .. 138
abortivum, J. Sm... 140
afine, Lowe ,.......45 156
albo-punctatum, Desv. . 163
articulatum, Moore 139
asplenioides, Michx. .. 220
bisseratum, Presl ..... 165
Borneense, Hook. a7
eristatum, Michx. ..,...... ro 158

400° FERNS : BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Nepbrodium— i Nephrolepis—
cyatheoides, Kaulf. ...page 285 exaltata, Schott ......... page 164
decompositum, R. By.......... 153 falciformis, J. Sm. ............ 287
deltoideum, Desv. ........006 155 hirsutula, Prestl ... .. 164
deparioides, Hook. .......6..05 159 obliterata, Hook.... 165

edule; Ds Dorsey: seaciessnsiivens 164 pectinata, Schott
erythrosorum, Hat. ... ... 157 | platyotis, Kunze...
. 164 tuberosa, Presl ...

exaltatum, R. Br. ... see 164
Filiv-femina, Michx,. ......... 220 undulata, J. Sm.. 164
Filix-mas, Hook. ..........0s 156 | Neurocallis, Fée......... . 119
Filiz-mas, Michx. ... . 156 prestantissima, Pée ......:.. 119

Fenisecti, Lowe . 158 | Neuronia.

glabellum, A. Cann. 159 Asplenioides, Don ........6.. . 74
Goldianum, Hook. et Grev. . 157 | Nevrodium, Fée........ % is
granulosum, J. Sm. ......... 189] lanceolatum, Fée ...
hirbipes, Hook. .......ccceeees 156 |} Niphobolus, Kaulf.
Hookeri, J. Sm. . ve. 189 acrostichoides, Hort. Kew.... 1€0
Javanica, Hook.... . 141 adnascens, Kawlf. ............ 100

lete-virens, Lowe » 151 angustatus, Spreng. 88
latifrons, Hook. ... .. 287 bicolor, Kaulf. 109
Leuzeanum, Hook. ..... .. 146 costatus, Presl ... 100
membranifolium, Pres] .. 287 Gardneri, Kunze.. 1¢0
Mexicanum, Presl ..... .. 157 Lingua, Spreng. ..... 100
MOG, Be DH wchciwavssuxacrnas 140 macrocarpus, Hook. = 38
multilineatum, Moore and. pertusus, Spreng. ..... . 160

Houlst. ........... 139 rupestris, Spreng. .. 100

obliteratum, R. Br.
Oreopteris, Hook.

.. 163 Sinensis, Hort.
. 154 spherocephalus, Hook. 88

Ottonianum, Kunze .. 153 Niphopsis, Is SIMs wer wceserwavens 88
patens, J. Sm......... .. 140 angustatus, J.Sm. ......... 88
pteroides, J. Sm. . 189 Notholena, R. Br. .........172, 821
pubescens, Hook. .1°3 brachypus, J. ‘Smz vo... 172

. 155 Canariense, J. Sm.
.. 236 chrysophylla, Hort.
.. 140 crassifolic, Moore & Houlst. 173-
. 156 distans, R. Br. ... 172

pubescens, D. Don ..
punctilobum, Michx.
refractum, J. Sm. ..
rigidum, Desv.

remotum, Hook. .. 156 Eckloniana, Kunze.. .. 173
sparsum, Don saute eles 287] ferruginea, Hook. .. w 172
spinulosum, Hook. .... Hookeri, Lowe ... .. 178
terminans, J. Sm. ...... 0... 139 incana, Presl ........ . 178

Thelypteris, Desv. ..
truncatum, J. Sm.
unitum, R. Br.

. 153 levis, Mart. et Gale ......... 173
.. 140 lanuginosa, Desv. ..... . 173
. 139 lendigera, J. Sm. 174

velutinum, Hook. .. 153 Marante, &. Br.... . 173
venulosum, Hook. ... .. 189 mollis, Wunze ... op APB ase
venustum, J. Sm. ww Lad nivea, Desv. . 178
villosum, Hook. ... . 157 | ~ profusa, Presl ... .. 180
Nephrolepis, Schott . GL rufa, Presl ...... .. 172
biserrata, Schott... . 165 sinuata, Kaulf. . 173
davallioides, Moore . 165 squamata, Hort. ... . 172

ensifulia, Prest oeeeeataries 16d squamosa, Lowe ........ nies 172

INDEX. 401
Notholena— Ophiopterise
sulphurea, J. Sm. ...... page 173! verticillata, Reinw. ...page 74
178 | Osmunda, Linm........ccccececeee 263
. 172 adiantifolia, Linn. ... ... 260
vestita, Desy. ....... eee 174 cinnamomea, Linn. ... 264
Claytoniana, Linn. 264
Ochropteris, J. Sm. ........... 186 gracilis, Link.......... 264
pallens, J. Sm. .... 187 | hirsuta, Linn. .... 260
Odontosoria, J. Sim. cee eee 232 interrupta, Michx. . 264
aculeata, J. Sm. ... 232, 325 Lunaria, Linn. .... 274
tenuifolia, J. Sm. vce: 232 Phyllitides, Linn. . 261
Oleandra, Cav. ......4. 74, 816] procera, Forst. ......ceceeee 202
articulata, Prest ......c..000008 74 regalis, Linn. ..... 264, 326
hirtella, Mig. ....... 74 spectabilis, Willd. ............ 264
neriiformis, Cav. . 74 Spicant, Linn.......... 201
nodosa, Presl ..........+5 74| thurifraga, Linn. 261
pilosa, Hook. et Bauer 74 tomentosa, Lam. ... vee 259
Wallichii, Prest ......... 74 Virginica, Linn. ......s0000000. 274
Olfersia, Radd. .... 114
cervina, Presl.......... 115 | Pachypleura.
corcovadensis, Radd. . 115 pedata, Presl ......... amevmese 95
longifolia, Presl . 107 | Paragramma, Moore ............ 87
Onoclea, Linn. .... 206 longifolia, Moore .. 88
attenuata, Sw. 201 | Parkeria.
Boryana, Sw. .... 202} pteridioides, Hook. ............ 134
Capensis, Linn. 202 | Pellwa, Link ........... ve. 179
nuda, Labill. ..... 201 atropurpurea, Link sane 180
obtusiloba, Schk. . 202 Calomelanos, Link... v... 180
scandens, Linn. . 208 consobrina, Hook. ... 180
sensibilis, Linn . 206 cordata, Fée . 182
striata, SW.....seceeeee 202 cordata, J. Sm. ... . 181
Struthiopteris, Sw. 167 cuneata, J. Sm. ... . 180
Onychium, Kaulf. ...... 187| falcata, Fée..... sasigkeigceamnen 182
auratum, Kaulf. . 188 flexuosa, Link ....... 181, 325
Capensis, Kaulf..... 188| geranizfolia, Fée ............ 180
dJaponicum, Kunze. 188 glauca, J. Sm. 180
lucidum, Hort. Kew. 188 hastata, Link . .. 180
Ophioglossum, Linn.... 270 intramarginalis, TF. Bm... 180
flecuosum, Linn..... 258| paradowva, Hook......... 182-
forcatum, J. Sm. ... 272 profusa, J. Sm. ... 180
Japonicum, Thunb. ......... 258) pulchella, Fée ...... 178
Lusitanicum, Linn. ... 270 rotundifolia, Hook. 182
palmatum, Linn. ov. 272 sagittata, Link ... 180
peduncnlosum, Desv. ......... 270 ternifolia, Link . .. 180
pendulum, Linn. ..... 72, 320 |. Wrightiana, Hook. ....s..0+.-. 180
pendulum, Presl....sscverees 272 “Phamerophiebia.
reticulatwm, Linn. . 272, juglandifoliia, J. Sm we. 143
scandens, Linn. 258 | Phegopteris, Fée ........ 168
scamdens, Forst. . 259 alpestris, J. Sm.... 169
vulgatum, Linn.. . 272 ampla, Fée .......seceee . 169
vulgatwm, Hook...... sens ar aspidioides, Metten. ......... 124
D

402

Phegopteris—
aurita, J. Sm. ........66.. page 170
calcarea, Fée . 170
concinna, Fée w. 154
decussata, J. Sm. . ... 169
divergens, Fée . 170

drepana, J. Sm. .... ... 170
Dryopteris, Fée .. ... 170
effusa, Fée ........ ... 170
flexilis, J. Sm. . 169

"169

hastefolia, J. Sm. ..........,
"170

hexagonoptera, Fée .
lachnopoda, J. Sm.....
macroptera, Fée....
mollicula, J. Sm. .
plumosa, J. Sm........
polypodioides, Fée .
Robertiana, J. Sm...
rufescens, Metten. ....
rugulosa, Fée
rupestris, Metten. .

sancta, Fee wo... 159
Sieberiana, Fée. 169
spectabilis, Fe. sages 169

submarginalis, J. Sm. 155
trichodes, J. Sm....... ... 170
unidentata, J. Sm............. 170
vulgaris, Metten................ 171
Walkerse, Hook. . 169
Phlebodium, R. Br.... 83
areolatum, J. Sm. . 83
aureum, R. Br. ....... 83
dictyocallis, J. 8m. 84
imequale, Moore.... 82

multiseriale, Moore
pulvinatum, J. Sm......

sporodocarpum, J. Sm....... 83

venosum, Moore and Houlst. 86
Phorolobus.

erispus, Desv............c0cc00s 177
Phymatodes, Presl......... 93, 315

albo-squamata, J. Sm. ...... 94

Billardieri, J. Sm. ............ 93

coronans, Pres]
cuspidata, J, Sm....
excavata, J. Sm..
glauca, J. Sm.......
incurvata, J. Sm.
leiorhiza, Pres? ..
longifolia, J. Sm. .. wae
longipes, J.Sm. .......0.005

". 169 |

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Phymatodes—
longissima, J. Bm. wu page a
nigrescens, J. Sm. .

nuda, J. Sm. ...... ma
peltidea, J. Sm. ... 94
propinqua, Presl... 103
pustulata, Prest ... 93
quercifolia, Presl.. 103
saccata, J. Sm. ... 94
spherocephalus, Presl | 4 these 88
terminalis, J. Sm. ........66.. 94
vulgaris, Prest ELaGvnaveamuiets 94

Physematium.
molle, Kunze
Pilularia, Linn. ......
globulifera, Linn.
Platycerium, Desv..........
Aithiopicum, Hook.
alcicorne, Gaud.
biforme, Blume
grande, J. Sm.
Stemaria, Desv.
Wallichii, Huok.
Platyloma, J. Sm...
Brownii, J. Sm. ......
Calomelanos, J.Sm..
falcatum, J. Sm.
flecuosum, J.Sm. ...
geraniefolia, Lowe... 3a
hastatum, Lowe.........-....5

intramarginalis, Lowe ...... 180
rotundifolium, J. Sm. ...... 182
ternifolium, J. 8m............. 180
Pleocnemia, Pres? ... v. 146
Leuzeana, Prest... sevens 146
Pleopeltis, Humb. ......... 86, 316
albo-squamata, Pres} ......... 94
angustata, Presl........ 88
Billardiert, Moore .. 93

elongata, J. Sm.......
excavata, J. Sm.
glauca, Moore...
Helene, Presl........
incurvata, Moore

lanceolata, Prest..... 87
lepidota, Presl...... 87
leiorhiza, Moore ..... 94
longissima, Moore ... 94
loriformis, Presl ........ 87
lycopodioides, Presl ......... 86
macrocarpa, Kaulf............. 87

INDEX, 403

Pleopeltis— Polypodium—
nitida, Moore ............ alpestre, Hoppe ......... page 169
nuda, Hook. alpinum, Jacq.
nuda, Hook, ..... na amplum, Humb.
percussa, Presl ...., nid amphostemum, Kunze ...... 101
phymatodes, Moore.. angulatum, Willd. ............ 144
pustulata, Moore angustatum, Blume 96
plantaginea, Moore.. ia angustatum, Sw. ...... we 88
serpens, Presl.......... Hits } angustifolium, Sw. ..........4. 101
squamutlosa, Presl .... anomalum, Hook. et Arn.... 151
stigmatica, Presl appendiculatum, Linden ... 81
Pleuridium, Fée............ arboreum, Linn. ..........6006 241
albo-punctatissimum, J. Sm. 95 areolatum, Willd. ... ve 83
angustatum, J. 8m. ......... 96 argutum, Wall. ......0 cee 82
crassifolium, Fée ..,......... 951] aristatum, Forst. ............ 151
crassinervum, J. Sm,- 95 armatum, Sw........ 245
jugiandifolium, J. Sm. ...... 96 asperum, Linn....... 244,
oxylobum, Presl............... 06 asplenioides, Sw. ... 138
palmatum, J. Sm. .. . 96 attenuatum, R. Br.... va. =89
rupestre, Fée ........ 95 awrewm, Linn ...... vee 88
triquetrum, J. Sm... 95 avenium, Desv. . 87
venustum, J. Sm. .... . «96 avillare, Ait. .... 220
Peecilopteris, Eschw. . rome hilt’, Barometz, Lour. ... w.. 240
crispatula, J. Sm. ....... .. 117 Billardieri, R. Br. ............ 93
flagellifera, J. Sm. ......... 117 | diserratum, Mart. et Gal... 79
prolifera, J. Sm. ....... .. 117 blechnoides, Rich.
punctulata, Presl ............ 117 brevifolium, Link ...
Polybotrya, Humb. et bulbiferum, Linn.
Bonpl. ves sssesivvaaane 112, 315 cespitosum, Link.
acuminata, Link............... 113 calearewm, Sm. ...
apiifolia, J. Sm. . 112 Cambricum, Linn.
awrita, Blume.......... xy LAG Cameroonianum, Hook....... 285
caudata, Kunze ....... vy ALS Gapense, Lint. oo. ccececeseess .
cylindrica, Kaulf. .... wa 112 capitellatum, Wall.... ae
incisa, Link.............. . 118 Caripense, H. et B. ......... 155
Osmundacea, H. B. K....... 112 Catherine, Lang. et Fisch... 81
serratifolia, Klot............. . 116 caudiforme, Blume............ 97
speciosa, Schott . deg: BLZ cicutarium, Linn...... ss
vivipara, Hook. .....cceee 1i1 ciliatum, Willd. ......
- Polycampium. colpothria, Kunze ...
Lingua, Presl oo... cceceeceeee 100 colpodes, Kunze ......
Polypodium, Linn....... .. 78 compositum, Link ...
acrostichoides, Fourst.. ... 100 concinnum, Willd. ...
aculeatum, Linn............... 150 confluens, Wall. ......
aculeatum, Radd. ....,. 244, 245 contiguum, Wall....
AUNASCENS, SW.oecseseeeeeserens 100 coriacewm, Radd...
emulum, Ait... .. 158 coronans, Wall......
affine, Mart,............... aig Al costatum, Wall. ...
albo-punctatum, Radda. 81 crassifolium, Linn wads
a be cen 95 crassinervium, Blume......... 95
albo-squamatum, Blume ... 94 crenatum, Hook................ 138

404 FERNS :
Polypodium—
crenatwin, SWeisscereseree page 138
erinitum, Poir. 155

eristatum, Linn........

dealbatum, Forst.

decurrens, Radd.
decursivo-pinnatum, Hook... 154
decussatum, Linn. ....-...66+5 169
deflecum, Lodd. .... 81
dentatum, Dicks. .... .. 160
dichotomum, Thunb. . .- 249
dictyocallis, Lowe .... . 84
dimorphum, Link . 101
dissimile, Linn. .. aoe
distans, Radd...... ig OL
diwergens, Willd.... 70
diversifolium, RB. Br. ‘ 103
diwersifolium, Willd. 93
drepanum, Lowe....... 170
Dryopteris, Linn 170
efusum, Sw. . 170
elongatum, Ait. ... 170
ensifolium:, Willd. 101
evettum, Forst. 268
exaltatum, Linn..... 164
excavatum, Bory 87
falcatum, Linn. . 142
fasciale, Humb. . 101
filipes, Moore .......... 163
Filiz-femina, Linn. . 219
Filiz-mas, Linn........ 156
flexile, Moore .... 169
fontanum, Linn. . 215
fornosum, Lowe. 169
fragile, Linn. .... 160
fragrams, Linn. .... 175
fraternum, J. Sm. . 97
fraxinifolium, Jacq. 81
fravinifolium, Lowe ... 138
.Gardneri, Metten. ...... 100
Gaudichaudi, Bory 103
geminatum, Schrad. ... 86
Gheisbeghtit, Linden ... 138
glaucistipes, Wall. ... 103
glaucum, Hort. .... 83
glaucum, Radd. ..., 81
globuliferwm, Poir. , 256
gonatodes, Kunze .... 81

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Polypodiam—

grammicum, Spr.
grandidens, Kunze..
grandifolium, Wall.
gramulosum, Presl ....
griseum, Schk. .......
Guatemalense, Hook.
harpeodes, Link....... 4
hasteefolium, Sw......ccceceeees
hemionitideum, Wall.

Henchmanii, J. Sm. ...
Heraclewm, Kunze

hexagonopterum, Michx. ... 170
Hippocrepis, Jacq. .........04. 145
hirsutissimum, Radd. ae Be
horridum, Linn. ...... 248
hyperboreum, Sw. . 162
Tlvense, Sw. ‘ . 162
inequale, Lowe . 82
incanum, Sw. . ore 80
incurvatum, Biome. GAimean te 94
aroides, Poir. iacviasrenibeenntaeea 98
wrregulare, Presl.... 135
iteophyllum, Link ... 86
juglandifolium, Don ......... 66
juglandifoliwm, Humb. ...... 143
Karwinskianwn, A. Br. ...... 79
lacerum, Thunb.............0.5 156
lachnopodium, J. Sm 169
letum, Radd. ..... elt 81
lanceolatum, Linn...

lapathifoliwm, Radd. 101
latifoliwm, Forst. ............ 145
latipes, Lang. et Fisch. ...... 81
leiopteris, Kunze.............5- 87
leiorhizon, Wall. ...... sane G4
lepidopodium, Link..... 94
leptophytlum, Linn. .. 126
leucorhizon, Klot. ... . 101
Leuzeanum, Gaud...... 146
Lindleyanum, Wall. .. 96
Tingud, SW. sicesesenee 100
lobatum, Huds. ... 150
Lonchitis, Linn. ..... 149
longifoliwm, Presl ..... 81
longissimum, Blume .. . OF
loriceum, Linn. ........ 81
loriforme, Wall. ........ 87
Inusitanicum, Linn. ......... %6
lycopodioides, Linn. ......... 86

macrocarpum, Willd. arena

INDEX. 405

Polypodium— Polypodinm—
macrodon, Reinw. ......page 285] plumula, Moore .........page 78
macropterum, Kaulf. ......... 169 plumosum, Hort. ...........6 78
marginale, Linn. . 157] ~— polyanthos, Hort. Brux 102

marginellum, Sw. ..

Martensii, Metten. .. 78
medullare, Forst. 242
megalodus, Schk. ... 138
melanoneuron, Miq. .. 1 94
membranacewm, Don......... 98
‘menisctifoium, Lang. et
Piseh spccismeasensiesaviasaon 81
metamorphum, Kunze . $82
‘ microsorum, Metten. .. 103
molliculum, Kunze... 154
montanum, Vogler ... 154
multifidum, Jacq. ... 17C
musefolium, Blume .. 103
myrtifolium, Lodd. 86
nertifolium, Schk. ..... 82
nigrescens, Blume ... 94
nitidum, Hook. ... 101
nitidum, Kaulf. ..... 102
Noveboracense, Linn. 153
nudum, Forst.......... 233
obtusum, Swe veces . 162
Oreopteris, Hhrhart 154
Otites, Hort. ...... 78
Owariense, Desy. 86
oxylobum, Hook. ... 96
oxylobum, Wall. ... 96
ovyphyllum, Wall. ... sails, 20
palmatum, Blume ............ 96
Paradisese, Lang. et Fisch. 78
Parkeri, Hook. et Grev....... 168
pectinatum, Schk. ..... . 8
pectinatum, Linn. 78
peltideum, Link ... 94
pennigerum, Forst. 138
percussum, Cav. . 86
pertusum, Roxb.... 100
Phegopteris, Linn. 171
phlebodes, Kunze 87
Phyllitidis, Linn. 102
phymatodes, Linn. 94
sphymatodes, Schk. ... 94
Pica, Linn, ........066 . 144
piloselloides, Linn. . 84
plantaginium, Linn... , 185
plebejum, Schlecht. 79

plectolepis, Hooks sisscevee 81

polycephalum, Wall. ..
polystichum, Link. ce
procerum, Willd...... « 245
proliferum, Lowe ..
propinguum, Wall. ..
pruinatum, Sw. ...
pteroides, Retz. .
pubescens, Linn. ...

pulvinatum, Link .. 84
pustulatum, Forst.... 93
quercifoliwm, Linn. .. 103
recedens, J. Sm. ..........c000e 154
refractum, Fisch. et Mey. ... 140
regiwm, Linn. 0.0... ..ccec eee ees 161
Reinwardtii, Kunze 82
repens, Linn. ........ » AOL
reptams, Sw. ws. 137
reticulatum, Linn. ..... . 187
rheticum, Linn. Herb. ...... 219
Robertianum, Hoff... .. 170
rostratum, Humb. ..... .. 168
rufescens, Blume... 170
rufulum, Presl 80
rugulosum, Labill. . 171
rupestre, Blume . 95
rupestre, R. Br. . 109
sanctum, Sw. .... 159
scandens, Labill. 93
Schkuhrii, Radd. 78
scolopendrioides, Sw. 137
scolopendrium, Don 87
scriptum, Hort. ...... 81
sculptwm, Hort. ... 81
sepultum, Kaulf.. 80
SEPPCNS, SWeisececcevees 85
serrulatum, Metten. 123
serrulatum, Sw. . . 188
sesquipedalis, Wall. 87
setosum, Forst. ...... vee 109
Sieberianwm, Kaulf. ......... 169
sororium, H. B. K.... 19
spectabile, Kaulf. 169

spherocephalum, Wall. 88
sporodocarpum, Willd. 83
squamatum, Linn. ...... 80

406

Polypodium—
stigmaticum, Pres} ...... page 86
subauriculatum, Blume ...... 82
submarginale, pas et
Fisch. . aawaine

subpetiolatum, Hook.
ese Hook.
Pe cn Hoffm. aiid
tenellum, Forst. .......045
tenericaule, Wall.
tetragonum, Sw. ..
Thelypteris, Sw. ..
Thouinianum, Gaud..
thysamolepis, A. Br.
tottum, Willd. .......
triangulwn, Linn. .
trichodes, Reinw. . eatbe
trifoliatum, Linn..........
triquetrum, Blume ..
umbrosum, Ait. .......
unidentatum, Hook.

wacillans, Link
vaccintifolium,
BSCS. cisiissisaasisavensieminasrocs
varium, Linn. .....
velatum, Schk.
venosum, Lowe .,
venustum, Wall. ....
verrucosum, Wall, .

vestitum, Forst. .... pial
vestitum, Radd. .. 155
villosum, Sw. ....... 157
viviporum, Radd. . 138
vulgare, Linn. ...... 78
vulgare, Sowerby .... 79
Wallichianwm, Spr. . 96
Willdenovii, Hook..... 103
Polystichum, Roth ............ 148

acrostichoides, Schott
aculeatum, Roth
aculeatwm, Hook.
amabile, J. Sm. .......
amplissimum, Prest .
angulare, Presl .......
anomalum, J. Sm. .
aristatum, Presl .

Braunii, Fée .. 150
Capense, J. Sm... we. L151
concavum, Moore ............ 287

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Polystichum—
coniifolium, Presl ......page 151
coriaceum, Schott ............ 151
curvifolium, Hort. . 151
denticulatum, J. Sm. « 2k
drepanum, Presl...... 170
Dubreuilliianum, Gaud. 285
falcinellum, Presl ............ 149
flexum, Remy......... 151
frondosum, J. Sm. 151
hispidum, J. Sm...... 159
lepidocaulon, J. Sm. 286
lobatum, Presl 150
Lonchitis, Roth ... 149
montamum, Roth...... 154
mucronatum, Presl.., 149
obliquum, J. Sm. 149
obtusum, J. Sm.... 151
ordinatum, Fée ... 287
proliferum, Prest 151
pungens, Presl .........cc00 151
rhomboidewm, Schott......... 152
semicordatum, Moore......... 165
setosum, Prestl....-.... 152
squarrosum, Fée... 151
triangulum, Fée ... 149
vestitum, Presl .......ccscees 151
Polytenium.
Uineatum, Desv. ....c0ee0.. 180
Psilotum, Sw........ 274
_triquetrum, Sw. ... 275
Psomiocarpa, Prest 112
apiifolia, Prest vee LIZ
Ptevis, LAW csccesgsgvaccavseiarvens 188
acuminatissimum, Blume... 189
magualis, Pres hosccccusiesciniare 189
Alpinii, Desv..... 189
allosora, Link....... 191
amplectams, Wall. 189
angustifolia, Sw... 133
apicalis, Lieb.... 193
aquilina, Linn. ... 191
areolata, Lowe ... 2¢0
argentea, Gmel. ... 176
arguta, Ait.......... 191
argyrea, Moore ....., 190
argyrophylla, Sw. ... 176
aspercaulis, Wail. ... » aot
atropurpurea, Linn. 180
aurita, Blume......... 149
Bahamensis, Fée............... 198

INDEX. 407
Pteris— Pteris—
biaurita, Linn ............page 194.) longifolia, Linn. ......... page 189
Brasiliensis, Radd., ww 193 macilenta, A. Rich,........... 193
Calomelamos, Sw. ...... ... 180 macroptera, Link .,. 193
Chinensis, Hort. Ang. ...... 190 nuultidentata, Wall... » 190
chrysocarpa, Hook. ee Grev.. 188 mutilata, Linn. .... 190
chrysocarpa, Link we 191 nemoralis, Willd.... 194
collina, Radd........ 195 nivea, Lam........... we. 178
comans, Forst. cms de obliqua, Forst...........46 189
concinna, Hew. .....cceee 190 Orizabe, Mart. et Gal. 193
concolor, Lang. et Fisch, . 180 Osmundoides, Bory 202
consobrina,-Kunze ., 180 paleacea, Rowb. .... ead
cordata, Cav. ...... ‘i 181] palmata, Willd. .... . 195
costata, Bory .... 189 palustris, Poir. 191
crenulata, Sw. . 180 patens, Hook. ....... 191
Cretica, Linn..... 189 pectinata, Don Tal
Cretica, Blume . 190 pedata, Linn. ....... 195
erispa, Hort..... 290 pentaphylla, Willd... 189
erispa, Linn. ... . 177 piloselloides, Linn.... 89
decussata, J. Sin. 191 podophylla, Sw. .... 194
deflexa, Link ....... 191 polita, Link....... 193
denticulata, Sw..... 193 pungens, Willd. .... 199
dimidiata, Blume . 190 pyrophylla, Blume... we. 190
elata, Agard. ....... 193 quadriaurita, Hook. ......... 190
ensifolia, Sw. .... 189 quadriaurita, Retz. ......... 190
esculenta, Forst.. 192 rotundifolia, Forst.........1065 182
falcata, R. Br.......... 182 rubro-nervia, Linden 191
fallax, Mart. et Gal. 190 sagittata, Cav.......... 180
forinosa, Forsk. 176 sagittifolia, Radd. 195
felosma, J. Sm. . sua 190 scaberula, A. Rich.... 191
flabellata, Thunb. 191 scolopendrina, Presl ... 132
flabellata, Schk. . 190 semipinnata, Linn...... 190
flecuosa, Kaulf. . 181 serraria, Sw. ..... 189.
furcata, Linn... oL serrulata, Linn. . 190
geraniifolia, Radd. . 180 seticaulis, Hook.. 182
Gheisbeghtii, J. Sm. 191 spinulifera, Schum. 193
Glarucd, CAV. ..ccscereeeereenes 186 spinulosa, Radd..... 193
glauco-virens, Lind., Cat 190 straminea, Metten.. . 290
grandifolia, Linm,....... cee. 193 sulcata, Link ....... 190
hastata, Sw. .... sulphurea, Cav. . 173
‘heterodactyla, Reinw. ternifolia, Cav. .... 180
heterophylla, Linn. ... tremula, R. Br....... 191
intermedia, Blume ...... trichomanoides, Linn 172
_intramarginalis, Kaulf. tricolor, Linden ......... 190
‘ Kingiana, Endl. ........ 191 tricuspidata, Linn.. 133
Kunzeana, Agard. . 193 tripartita, Sw. 193 .
laciniata, Willd.. . 191] umbrosa, R. Br. .... 190
lanceolata, Linn.. 90 vespertilionis, Labill. 194
lata, Link... 191 vittata, Linn. ......... . 189
leptophylla, Sw. ' . 193 | Pteropsis, Desv. .... . 132
Uinearris, Poin. ...seecererssennes 193 |, angustifolia, Desv. ............ 182

408

Pteropsis—
furcata, Presl
lanceolata, Desv.......c.ecceee

Pycnopteris.
Sieboldi, Moore

Rhipidopteris, Schott............
peltata, Schott........ccsereeeee

Saccoloma, Kaulf. -.......0.... 253
elegans, Kaulf. ....cecceseeees 253
Sagenia.
aptifolia, J. Sm. ...c.. cece 145
cicutaria, Moore rr
coadumata, J. Sm. ....
. Hippocrepis, Presl ....
Pica, Moore.............
platyphylla, J. Sm.
repanda, Moore
Salpichlena, J. Sm....
yolubile, J. Sm. ....
Schellolepis, J. Sm. ...
' cuspidata, J. Sm.
subauriculata, J. Sm..
verrucosa, J. Sm. ....
Schizwa, Sm. ........
digitata, Sw. ..
. elegans, Sw.....
elegans, Hook...
pusilla, Pwrsh .....
rupestris, R. Br. ....
Schizocwna, J. Sm. .

Schizoloma, Gawd. ......secseeces
ensifolia, J. Sm..... 231
Scolopendrium, Sm. . . 223
ambiguum, Radd. .... 226
Brasiliense, Kunze .... 226
Ceterach, Eng. Bot. 229
dubiwm, Don ......6606 209
Krebsii, Kunze .. 202
officinarum, Sw. ....... 224
rhizophyllum, Hook. 226
-wulgare, SM. ...ccceccecseeees 224
Scyphularia.
pentaphylla, Fée.........6.0068
Selaginella, Spring 277, 327
Africana, A. Br. veces cccsseeee 280
altissima, Klot. '.. 279

apothecia, Horts ......s0cee0 a 278

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Selaginella—
Apus, Spring .....0.0.. page 278
atroviridis, aerer wv 279
Breynii, Spring .
cesta, Hort. ........ fe
caulescens, Spring ............
ciliata, A. Br. .........
circinalis, Hort. ...
convoluta, Spring
cuspidata, Link.......
delicatissima, A. Br.
densa, Hort. .........
denticulata, Link ....
denticulata, Hort.
dichrous, Hort. .....
erythropus, Spring

’ filicina, Spring...
flabellata, Spring ...
Galeottii, Spring...

Griffithii, Spring... 279
Helvetica, Link ... seve 278
hortensis, Metten. .........4.. 278
ineequalifolinm, Spring ...... 278
involvens, Spring ............. 280
lavigata, Spring........ 279
lepidophylla, Spring 280
Lobbii, Hort. .........4. 280
Ludovicana, A. Br. 278
Lyallii, Spring ....... . 280
Martensii, Spring ... 279
microphylla, Hort. ..... 279
microphylla, Spring .. 278
mutabilis, Hort. ........ . 278
pallescens, Klot. ... 280
Panamensis, Hort. 279
patula, Spring.......... . 278
Poeppigiana, Spring .. 278

‘Peppigiana, Hort. .....
pubescens, Spring...
sarmentosa, A. Br....
Schotti, Hort. ......
serpens, Spring
spinulosa, Spring
stenophylla, A. Br.
' pulcata, Spring ........
uliginosa, Labill. ...
uncinata, Spring......
variabilis, Hort. ...
viticulosa, Klot ...
Vogelii, Spring ... Seat
Wallichii, Hort. 0... 230

’

INDEX.

Selaginella—
Willdenovii, Hort. ...... page 280

Selliguea, Bory . siett 96
caudiforme, J. Sm.. isin 97
pothifolia, J. Sm. .... 97

Sitolobium, Desv. ....... 236
adiantoides, J. Sm.. 236
anthriscifolium, J. Sm. 237
cicutarium, J. Sm....... 237
davallioides, Desv. .... 236
dissectum, J. Sm. .... 237
Moluccanum, J. Sm. . 237
Pavoni, J. Sm. ....... 237°
pilosiusculum, Desv. . 236
punctilobum, J. Sm. 236
rubiginosum, J. Sm. 237

Soromanes, Fée.......... 115
serratifolium, Fée ..........3, 116

Spherostephanos.
asplenioides, J. 8m. ......... 141

Stegania. ‘
alpina, R. Br. ....
fuwiatilis, R. Br.....
lanceolata, R. Br. .
nuda, R. Bre vc...

Patersoni, R. Br.

Stenochlena, J. Sm. ...... 207, 317
heteromorpha, J.Sm.......... 114
heteromorpha, J. Sm. ...... 208

Meyeriana, J. Sm. .......60..5 208
scandens, Hort. .... 5

scandens, J. 9m.
sorbifolia, J. Sm.
tenuifolia, Moore

Stenolobus.
ornatus, Presl ........44 76
pentaphyllus, Pres] 76
Stenoloma. i
_aculeata, Fée . jasitd oddone 2O2
tenuifolia, Fée...... 232
Stenosemia, Presl .. 116
aurita, Presl .......4.. 116
Struthiopteris, Willd. ... 166
Germanica, Willd........ .. 167
Pennsylvanica, Willd. ...... 167
Synammia.
elongata, Presl wsieseceee 87

Teeniopsis.
lineata, J. 8m. ....... ‘iat
scolopendrina, J. ‘Sm... ve 182

409

Teniopteris.
Forbesti, Hook. et Bauer, page 132

Tenitis.
angustifolia, BR. Br.ww.....csee 133
furcata, Willd.......... sien, OE
lanceolata, R. Br. ross 90
op}ioglossoides, Hort.......... 92
Thelypteris. .
palustris, Schott icceceesee 153
Thyrsopteris, Kunze ... 240
elegans, Kunze ...... 240
Todea, Willd. ......... 264
Africana, Willd. ........ 265
Australasica, A. Cunn. .. 265
barbara, Moore ..............5 265
Fraseri, Hook. et Grev. ....., 265
hymenophylloides, Rich. ...: 265
pellucida, Carm...........:066 265
rwularis, Sieb. ... 265
superba, Colenso.., 265
Trichiocarpa, Hook. ... 147
© Moorei, J. Sm. ccececceeee 148
Tiic iomanes, Linn..... 252, 824
adiantoides, Linn. ............ 218
alatum, Bory vo... 254
alatum, Sw....... 254
“alatum, Hook....... 253
Andrewsii, Newm. 253
anceps, Hook.......... 254
angustatum, Carm. ......... 258
attenuatum, Hook. ............ 254,
Bancroftii, Hook. et Grev.... 254
Bauerianwm, Endl............. 255
bilingue, J. Sm. ...... 253
Bojeri, Hook. et Grev. . 253
brevisetum, R. Br. ... 253
Camariense, Linn. .,. 76
coriaceum, Kunze .,, 254
_ Crinitum, Sw. ......... 254
crispum, Linn. ... 254
curvatum, J. Sm. 254
elegans, Rudge ...... 256
elongatum, A. Cumm.... 255
Europewm, Sm. ...... 253
exsectum, Kunze 253
Filicula, Bory ...........c ccc 253
fimbriatum, Backhouse ...... 254
floribundum, H. B. KK. ....., 254

foeniculaceum, Bory
Hibernicum, Spreng..........
incisum, Kaulf.

410

Trichomanes—
Japonicum, Thunb. ...page 188
Javanicum, Blume ............ 254

Kaulfussii, Hook. et Grev.... 254
Kraussii, Hook. et Grev....... 253
Leprieurii, Kunze ............ 254

wee 254
w 254
vee 225
ve 255
wee 252
ve 253
we 256

. 255

lucens, Hook. et Grev.
Mandioccanwm, Radd.
meifolium, Bory
meifolium, Kaulf. .......
membranaceum, Linn.
muscoides, Sw. ..........
nanum, Bory: .......
obscurum, Blume ..

pennatum, Hedw. . we 254
pilosum, Radd. .... ws. 254
pluma, Hook. ....... we 254
punctatum, Poi. . . 252
pusillum, Sw. .......... . 253

1. 2B3

pyvidiferum, Huds. mr
. 253

pyxidiferum, Linn.

pycidiferum, Schk. .... wa 253
radicans, Sw. ....... we 253
reniforme, Forst. wan 252
reptans, Sw. .......... . 253

rvhomboideum, J. Sm.. vee 254
rigidum, Sw... . 255
rvupestre, Backhouse ......... 255
saxatile, Moore ....... we 255
scandens, LAM ......ccccsesee 253
setigerum, Backhouse we 255
sinuosum, Rich. ..........0.665 253

. 258

speciosum, Willd. 3a
. 256

spicatum, Hedw.

strigosa, Thumb. ...........06. 233
Buperbum, Backhouse ...... 254
trichoideum, Sw. ..........., 253
trichophyllum, Moore ...... 255
venosum, R. Brv....csseceseses 253

FERNS: BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Trichomanes—
Vittaria, Dec. ......e page 254
Trichopteris, Prest............... 246
excelsa, Prest ........ Reiaaveres 246
Trismeria.

argentea, Fée ...
aurea, Fée ..,..

Vittaria, Si. ..eccccescscevecseens 130
lanceolata, Sw. . .. 180
Uneata, Sw. ...... .. 182
Zeylanica, Fée ...... . 182
zosterzefolia, Bory ............ 131

Woodsia, R. Bre... 161
Brownii, Metten. ve 147
hyperborea, R. Br.... 162
Ilvenis, R. Br. ...... ; &G2
Mexicana, R. Br. 162
mollis, J. Sm..... vaae LEZ
obtusa, Hook. ......cccscecceees 162
Perriniana, Hook. et Grev.. 162
polystichoides, Faton......... 162
Vettchit, Hance ...... wage Le

Woodwardia, Sm. ...... . 204
angustifolia, Sm. . 207
areolata, Lowe ... . 207
confluens, Hort. ...... . 205
Floridana, Schk. ... . 207
Fortunei, Hort. ...... . 205
Japonica, Sw. ...... .. 205
onocleoides, Willd. . .. 207
orientalis, Sw. ... . 205 -
radicans, Sm. .... 205
stans, SW.oseccseee vee 205
Virginica, Sm. ieee 205

Xiphopteris, Kaulf.s wo... 122

serrulata, Kalf. .....cccccccene 125

411

INDEX OF SPECIAL TERMS

“DESCRIBED IN ORGANOGRAPHY.

page

Antheridangia
APeOlOB’ ssssisuediguineneaveaerqeves
Conceptacles
Corpuscules
Costa ......
Caudex

Desmobrya ......ssccceeeerseeeeees

Eremobrya .......0. igiguaieenaivanie
Exannulate ......ccccecceceeeees

Filices .,.

barren (sterile)
circinate
fertile .....
frondules...
pinne .:
pinnules ..
rachis
sarmenta.....
stipes sie
Fructification .........cceceeee

exterior ...
interior
PRVOIMIOTE sca csy sige can sareirens

be ee
51 | Indusium—
52 lateral .wscsseadnneasnaasie page
50 Timear tiger scien aevtiemanesien
ODIO BY: caiiciencnaaaisnemascranone
52 OVAL 5 csiossesaiaaweseadexerantte tees
52 PANE) dics daonanwingenmsensiaws
47 reniform .....,...
46 semi-calyciform ...
BPOGlAl isa s goniurineradieceeausae
60 WNLVOPSAL wie cscing sagas teusinadinns
60 | Oophoridangia oo... eee
51
Receptacle ......,.c.cscceceeceeees
44, amorphous ...
46 BRAN BEY! adsj:tierwidiwe hastaakas
46 DEBE) iencisrnimitaiceaw enters
46 Compital 20... ceseeseeeeeeee
46 elongated....
47 medial .....,...
47 punctiform ..,
47 terminal .
47 | Rhizome .....
47
47 | Sarmentum ovesseereeeeees
50 | Sorug oo...
antemarginal ,
53 arcuate .......
53 confluent..
53 elliptical ...............
53 exserted or extrorse ..
53 PIODOBS: aicsociomweners sion ene
53 intramarginal.,.
53 Tmear wo. csessesereeees

412 FERNS! BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

Sorus—

oblique.....
oblong ..
ovate ...
serial ....... me
transverse .... acid hnaaty
Sporangium *%
annulate ....
exannulate .
horizontal
vertical ....
Stem ..........
arborescent.
cespitose ...
decumbent ...

hypogzeous ...
scandent......
squamose ...
stoloniferous ...
subfrutescent ...
surculose.... ‘igi
Synangium 0.0.6... cee

Veins, Venules, and Veinlets
anastomosing ............000..
angularly anastomising......

47
48
49

Veins, Venules, and Veinlets —
anterior venules......... page
arcuately anastomosing
aS as serecineramennanes
compoundly anastomosing...
Costeform os. ceeee eee eee
distantly anastomosing......
elevated. a: scscciaswrvnesessiiens
evanescent .
excurrent
freO. cccaswaies

pinnate ...........
pinnately forked ..
posterior venules ..
radiate...
recurrent...
reticulated :
simple .........
simply forked...
transversely
unilateral.,......
Vernation ‘
adherent ....
articulated .
fasciculate .
uniserial ....

WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C,

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